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THOMAS CHASE, 



^ M. A. OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY, 

PRESIDENT OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE, MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN ORIENTAL 
AND AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETIES, ETU. 




I DELPHIA: 

ELDIv.lv & BROTHER, 

No. 17 M Seventh Street. 

1884. ' 



Chase & Stuart's Classical Series 



— COMPRISES — 

A FIRST LATIN BOOK, 
A LATIN READER, 
A LATIN GRAMMAR, 



And Editions of all the Latin Authors usually 
read in Schools and Colleges. 




• Etrtered-aecty-dhig fa jict of .qqa^re^s, in the year 1868, by A T> 

ELDREDGE & BROTHER, 

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Thb text of the Aeneid here presented is based upon a 
careful collation of the editions of Hejne, Wagner, Coning- 
ton, Ladewig, and Ribbeck, with frequent reference to other 
standard a .horities, and with constant and especial regard 
to the testimony of the best manuscripts, — for knowledge 
of which testimony I am indebted, above all other sources, to 
Ribbeck's faithful labors. 

In the preparation of the Notes, the endeavor has been 
made to meet the actual wants of students in our schools. 
Frequent references are made to the grammars most in use 
in this country, and explanations are furnished of passages 
difficult of interpretation, of peculiarities of syntax, and of 
such points of history, geography, mythology, and antiqui- 
ties as require elucidation. In all cases, however, where 
sufficient information is given in the ordinary dictionaries, 
(as Andrews's Lexicon,) I have felt at liberty to omit making 
a note. A Metrical Index has been added, in which the 
chief difficulties in scanning are solved. 

One thing is presumed throughout, — that the student will 
make a faithful use of his grammar and his dictionary ; the 
only way in which true scholars are made. Nor can I too 
earnestly advise the learner to seek, habitually, for more 
minute information upon points of history, antiquities, etc. ? 
in special dictionaries and other standard works. 

It will be seen that, in addition to the results of my owr 
investigations, I have availed myself of the rich stores which 
have been accumulated by successive generations of able 
commentators upon Virgil. In all cases where I am indebted 
to any one for information, or for felicity of expression, care 
has been taken to give credit. None but those who have 
done similar work themselves, can form any adequate idea 

(iii) 



IV PREFACE. 

of the laLvr with which I have compared conflicting opinions, 
and, weighing each case upon its own merits, formed a judg- 
ment of my own. The result of hours of study is sometimes 
embodied in a single line, credited to some commentator. 

The Arguments of the different Books have been taken 
from Bryce, with occasional additions from other sources. 
The Life of Yirgil is in the main a compilation from Lade- 
wig, Wagner, Thompson, and Long. Madvig, Zumpt, and 
Wagner are my chief authorities for the Remarks appended 
to the Metrical Index. 

As in all similar editions designed for text-books, in Great 
Britain and America, the necessity has been felt of retaining 
the orthography of the dictionaries and grammars. But even 
were the edition of such a kind as to justify my entering into 
questions of antiquarian scholarship, — questions in which I 
confess a peculiar fascination, — I should be embarrassed by the 
unsettled state in which the true Virgilian orthography still 
remains. The uniformity of Wagner is in many cases arbi- 
trary, and some of his conclusions have already been shaken ; 
the varying and inconsistent orthography of Ribbeck repre- 
sents to be sure the condition of the manuscripts, but cannot 
be supposed to be the orthography of Virgil ; and the attempts 
of Paldamus and Conington to pursue a middle course, while 
not without commendable features, can never be satisfactory 
to scholars. Careful study of inscriptions, manuscripts, and 
grammarians is still needed, before we can be confident that 
we are writing words as Virgil wrote them. 

I congratulate those who shall study this volume upon their 
introduction to one of the most charming of poets, who will 
delight them in their youth, and still more, if possible, when 
they read him anew in after-days. Let them dwell long and 
lovingly upon his graceful verses, committing some of his 
cnoicest passages to memory, and they will find on every 
perusal old beauties that never pall, and new beauties con- 
rvnually presented from an exhaustless store. 

THOMAS CHASE. 



LIFE OP VIRGIL. 

Publius Vergilius Maro (for so, and not Virgilius, the best 
MSS. give his name) was born at Andes, a little village about 
three miles below Mantua, on the 15th Oct., B. C. 70. His 
father, a comfortable farmer, spared no pains to give his son 
a liberal Greek and Latin education, sending him to school at 
Cremona, and, after he had assumed the manly gown at the 
beginning of his sixteenth year, to Milan, and finally to Naples, 
where he was instructed by the poet and philosopher Parthe- 
nius. After several years' residence at Naples, Virgil betook 
himself to Rome (B. C. 47), where he took lessons of the Epicu- 
rean Syron, the friend of Cicero, in philosophy, mathematics, 
and physics. His love of letters and of a country-life, as well 
as his feeble health, ill adapted for the strifes of the forum, or 
the hardships of military service, prevented his indulging an 
ambition for a public career, and caused him to withdraw to 
his farm at Andes, where he occupied himself with husbandry, 
and with the study of the Greek poets, especially Theocritus. 
In this period he wrote a number of short poems, some of which 
may have descended to our times; although the authenticity of 
the minor poems ascribed to Virgil is doubtful. In the year 
42 he began to write his Bucolics, to which the name Eclogues 
was afterwards given by the critics. These are short pastoral 
poems, ten in number, and were probably all written before the 
year 37. They at once attracted attention and gained him fame 
and friends. Some lines from them being recited on the stage, 
when Virgil happened once to be in the theatre, the whole 
audience rose to do him honor. Their merit consists in their 
versification, which was smoother and more polished than the 
hexameters which the Romans had yet seen, and in many nat- 
ural and simple touches. John Dryden, in the Dedication of 
his translation of the " Pastorals," says: "[Virgil] found the 
strength of his genius betimes, and was, even in his youth, pre- 
luding to his Georgics and his Aene'is. He could not forbear 
to try his wings, though his pinions were not hardened to main- 
tain a long laborious flight. Yet sometimes they bore him to a 
pitch as lofty as ever he was able to reach afterwards. But 
when he was admonished by his subject to descend, he came 

(V) 



Vi LIFE OF VIKGIL. 

down gently, circling in the air, and singing, to the ground; 
like a lark, melodious in her mounting, and continuing hei 
song till she alights, still preparing for a higher flight at her 
next sally, and tuning her voice to better music." 

After the battle of Philippi (B. C.42) Octavianus assigned to 
his soldiers lands in various parts of Italy ; and the neighbor- 
hood of Cremona and Mantua (which had adhered to the cause 
of Brutus and Cassius) was one of the districts in which the sol- 
diers were planted, and from which the former possessors were 
dislodged. Virgil was thus deprived of his property. It is 
said that it was seized by a veteran named Claudius or Clodius ; 
that Asinius Pollio, who was then governor of Gallia Transpa- 
dana, advised Virgil to apply to Octavianus at Rome for the 
restitution of his land, and that Octavianus granted his request. 
It is supposed that Virgil wrote the Eclogue which stands first 
in our editions (but was fourth in the order of composition) to ex- 
press his gratitude to Octavianus Caesar. There is an uncertain 
tradition of a subsequent dispossession from his estate, when he 
was obliged to flee before the sword of an angry soldier, and of a 
final restoration of his property after the peace of Brundusium* 

Virgil gained early the friendship of Maecenas, the confiden- 
tial friend and counsellor of Augustus, and the munificent patron 
of men of letters, "whose house, whose table, and whose gar- 
dens, were the resort of all the wits, virtuosi, actors, joyous 
spirits, and agreeable idlers of Rome." * With the Emperor 
himself, with Maecenas and Pollio, and with all the members 
of the brilliant coterie of men of genius who surrounded the 
court of Augustus, he lived on terms of cordial intimacy. The 
successful productions of others afforded him as much pleasure 
as if they were his own. His large library was open to all men 
of learning ; and he often quoted the saying of Euripides that 
"the property of friends is a common good," (ra t&v 0iAo>i/ Koiva.) 

The most finished work of Virgil, his Georgica, an agricultu- 
ral poem, was undertaken at the suggestion of Maecenas. Its 
object was "to recommend the principles of the ancient Romans, 
their love of home, of labor, of piety, and order; to magnify 
their domestic happiness and greatness; to make men proud 
of their country on better grounds than the. mere glory of its 
arms and extent of its conquests. ... To comprehend the 
moral grandeur of the Georgics, in point of style the most per- 
fect piece of Roman literature, we must regard it as the glori- 
fication of Labor." j* While writing this poem, Virgil composed 
many verses in the morning, but by evening reduced them to a 
very few; so that he used to compare himself to a bear, which 
licks its shapeless offspring into form. 

* Wieland (quoted by Dean Milman, in his Life of Horace.) 

t Men vale's Hist, of the Romans under the Empire. ^ 






LIFE OF VIRGIL. VI! 

His epic poem, the Aeneid, had long been m?ditated. To its 
3omposition he gave the last eleven years of his life ; he pur- 
posed devoting three years more to polishing and elaborating 
the poem ; but he died without having given it his final touches. 
On this account, it is said, he wished, in his last illness, to 
burn it; but his friends would not allow him, and it was pre- 
served and published, without alteration, by Varius and Plotius. 
While composing his epic, Virgil occasionally recited passages 
from it to his companions, and the highest expectations were 
raised of the greatness of the work. (Cf. Propert. Eleg. II. 34, 65.) 

In the year 23 B. C. died Marcellus, the son of the Emperor's 
sister, Octavia, by her first husband ; and as Virgil lost no 
opportunity of gratifying his patron, he introduced into the 
sixth book of the Aeneid (861-887) the well-known allusion to 
the virtues of this youth, who was cut off by a premature death. 
Octavia is said to have been present with the Emperor, when 
the poet was reciting this allusion to her son, and to have 
fainted from her emotions. She rewarded the poet munificently.* 

" The fortunes of a man, who, fleeing from a burning city and 
a kingdom overthrown, and borne by the fates over boundless 
and unknown seas, founds, on a foreign soil, held by men the 
most warlike, and most fiercely defended, a new realm, — that 
realm destined to become the greatest and the most enduring 
empire which the world has seen," — what grander argument 
could poet have ? Nor is the execution of the task unworthy of 
the theme. In language always elegant, often grand and sub- 
lime, in feeling sweet, pure, and noble, — it is to no happy acci- 
dent, but to its own intrinsic perfections, that the Aeneid owes 
the immortality of its fame. Needless complaint has been made 
that Virgil imitates Homer. Dry den gallantly denies that the 
Roman poet copies his master, and says "the Grecian had only 
the advantage of writing first." As Seneca well puts it, Virgil 
never stole, but only openly imitated. Whatever he took, he 
wrought over and made his own; it is the unmistakable air of 
Rome that breathes from every page ; the stamp of Virgil is on 
the whole work. Again ; had Homer himself no models ? Nay, 
was he not a magnificent freebooter in the domain of the ballad- 
makers who preceded him? Is Dante any the less original, in 
that he confesses to our Virgil, "Thou art my master, and my 
author thou"? 

"Virgil imitated Homer, but imitated him as a rival, not as a 
disciple." f Next to Homer, his mind was powerfully influenced 
by the study of the Athenian drama, "which was in fact the 
only instance of a genius and culture commensurate with his 
own, operating in a sphere analogous to his." f 

* It is said that Octavia sent Virgil ten sestertia for each of the lines referring 
to Marcellus, making a sum of at )ut ten thousand dollars. f Conington. 



V131 LIFE OF VIRGIL. 

After finishing the first draft of his epic, Virgil contemplated 
a tour in Greece and Asia, that he might perfect it among the 
scenes in which many of its incidents are laid. With a dread 
almost prophetic, Horace prays for his safe return, in the beau 
tiful ode addressed to the ship which bore his departing friend 
on his way. At Athens the poet met with Augustus, who was 
returning from Samos to Rome. Changing his former intention, 
Virgil determined to accompany his patron. On a visit to Me- 
gara, he was seized with a sudden indisposition, which his voy- 
age increased, and he died a few days after his arrival at Brun- 
dusium, on the 22d of Sept., B. C. 19, in his fifty-first year. In 
accordance with his request his body was conveyed for burial 
to Naples, which had been his favorite place of residence, both 
on account of the extreme beauty of the scenery, and the mild- 
ness of the climate, congenial to his delicate health. His tomb 
still stands on the hill of Posilipo, and is visited by pilgrims 
from every land. 

In person, Virgil is said to have been tall, and stoutly made, 
of dark complexion, and with the appearance of a farmer. He 
was slow in speech, and his manners were shy and of almost fem- 
inine modesty. We are told that he read with great sweetness, 
and imparted even to dull matter a charm which gave it a life not 
its own. From his asthmatic tendency, and the weak eyes of 
Horace, arose the saying attributed to Augustus, that, with these 
poets on either hand, he was sitting between sighs and tears. 

His parents lived long enough to enable him to show his affec- 
tion and gratitude by maintaining them in affluence, his father 
having become blind. Donatus rates his fortune at about ten 
thousand sestertia, (nearly four hundred thousand dollars,) 
and states that his house at Rome stood on the Esquiline Hill, 
near the gardens of Maecenas and the house of Horace. 

His fame, which was established in his life-time, was cher- 
ished after his death, as an inheritance in which every Roman 
had a share ; and his works became school-books even before 
the death of Augustus, and have continued such ever since. In 
the Middle Ages, the belief was prevalent that he had been a 
great magician ; and of his feats most wonderful things were re- 
lated. But it needs not fiction to attest his powers of enchant- 
ment ; for till civilization is no more, successive generations oi 
readers shall confess a genuine magic in the spell of that 

" Spirit of Mantua, 
Of whom the fame still in the world endures, 
And shall endure, long-lasting as the world." 





P. VERGILI MARONIS 

AENEIDOS 

LIBER PRIMUS. 



Me ego, qui quondam gracili modulatus avena 
Carmen, et, egressus silvis, vicina coegi 
Ut quamvis avido parerent arva colono, 
Gratum opus agHcolis, at nunc horrentia Martis. 

<*>5*<<x^ 

Arm A virumque cano, Trojae qui primus ab oris 
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit 
Litora, rnultum ille et terris jactatus et alto 
Vi superuni, saevae memorem Junonis ob iram, 
Multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem 5 
Inferretque deos Latio ; genus unde Latinum 
Albanique patres atque altae moenia Romae. 

Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso, 
Quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus 
Insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores 10 

Impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae ? 

TJrbs antiqua fuit, Tyrii tenuere coloni, 
Carthago, Italiam contra Tiberinaque longe 
Ostia, dives opum studiisque asperrima belli ; 
Quam Juno fertur terris magis omnibus unam 15 

Posthabita coluisse Samo : hie illius arm a, 
Hie currus fuit ; hoc regnum dea gentibus esse, 
Si qua fata sinant, jam turn tenditque fovetque. 
Progeniem sed enim Trojano a sanguine duci 

(0) 



10 VERGILI AENE1S I. 

Audierat, Tyrias olim quae verteret arces ; 20 

Hinc populum late regem belloque superbam 

Yenturum excidio Libyae : sic volvere Parcas. 

Id metuens veterisque memor Saturnia belli, 

Prima quod ad Trojam pro caris gesserat Argis, 

(Nee dum etiam causae irarum saevique dolores 25 

Exciderant animo ; manet alta mente repostum 

Judicium Paridis spretaeque injuria formae, 

Et genus in visum, et rapti Ganymedis honores :) 

His accensa super, jactatos aequore toto 

Troas, reliquias Danaiim atque immitis A chilli, 30 

Arcebat longe Latio ; multosque per annos 

Errabant, acti fatis, maria omnia circum. 

Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem. 

Yix e conspectu Siculae telluris in altum 
Vela dabant laeti, et spumas salis aere ruebant, 35 

Quum Juno, aeternum servans sub pectore vulnus, 
Haec secum : " Mene incepto desistere victam, 
Nee posse Italia Teucrorum avertere regem ? 
Quippe vetor fatis ! Pallasne exurere ciassem 
Argivum atque ipsos potuit submergere ponto 40 

Unius ob noxam et furias Ajacis Oili ? 
Ipsa, Jovis.rapidum jaculata e nubibus ignem, 
Disjecitque rates evertitque aequora ventis ; 
Ilium exspirantem transfixo pectore flammas 
Turbine corripuit, scopuloque infixit acuto. 45 

Ast ego, quae diviim incedo regina, Jovisque 
Et soror et conjunx, una cum gente tot annos 
Bella gero. Et quisquam numen Junonis adorat 
Praeterea, aut supplex aris imponet bonorem ? " 

Talia flammato secum dea corde volutans 50 

Nimborum in patriam, loca feta furentibus Austrigf, 
Aeoliam venit, Hie vasto rex Aeolus antro 
Luctantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras 
Imperio premit, ac vinclis et carcere frenat. 
111! indignantes, magno cum murmure montis, 55 

Circum claustra fremunt; celsa sedet Aeolus arce, 



VERGILI AENEIS I. \\ 

Sccptra tenens, mollitque animos et temperat iras. 
Ni faciat, maria ac terras caelumque profundum 
Quippe ferantrapidi secum verrantque per auras. 
Sed pater omnipotens speluncis abdidit atris, 60 

Hoc metuens, molemque et montes insuper altos 
Imposuit, regemque dedit, qui foedere certo 
Et premere et laxas sciret dare jussus habenas. 
Ad quern turn Juno supplex his vocibus usa est : 

"Aeole, namque tibidiviim pater atquehominumrex 65 
Et mulcere dedit fluctus et tollere vento, 
Gens inimica mihi Tyrrhenum navigat aequor, 
Ilium in Italiam portans victosque Penates : 
Incute vim ventis submersasque obrue puppes, 
Aut age di versos et disjice corpora ponto. TO 

Sunt mihi bis septem praestanti corpore Nymphae, 
Quarum, quae forma pulcherrima Deiopea, 
Connubio jungam stabili propriamque dicabo, 
Omnes ut tecum meritis pro talibus annos 
Exigat, et pulchra faciat te prole parenteni." 75 

Aeolus haec contra: " Tuus, o regina, quid optes, 
Explorare labor, mihi jussa capessere fas est. 
Tu mihi quodcumque hoc regni, tu sceptra Jovemquc 
Concilias, tu das epulis accumbere divum, 
Nimborumque facis tempestatumque potentem." 80 

Haec ubi dicta, cavum conversa cuspide mortem 
Impulit in latus, ac venti, velut agmine facto, 
Qua data porta, ruunt et terras turbine perflant. 
Incubuere mari, totumque e sedibus imis 
Una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis 85 
Africus, et vastos volvunt ad litora fluctus. 
Insequitur clamorque viriim stridorque rudentum. 
Eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque 
Teucrorum ex oculis ; ponto nox incubat atra ; 
Intonuere poli, et crebris micat ignibus aether, 90 

Praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem. 
Extemplo Aeneae solvuntur frigore membra ; 



12 VERGILI AENEIS I. 

Ingemit, et, duplices tendens ad sidera palmas, 

Talia voce refert : " terque quaterque beati, 

Quis ante ora patrum Trojae sub moenibus altis 95 

Contigit oppetere ! Danaum fortissime gentis, 

Tydide ! mene Iliacis occumbere campis 

Non potuisse, tuaque aniniam hanc effundere dextra, 

Saevus ubi Aeacidae telo jacet Hector, ubi ingens 

Sarpedon, ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis 100 

Scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit ! " 

Talia jactanti stridens Aquilone procella 
Velum ad versa ferit, fluctusque ad sidera tollit. 
Franguntur remi ; turn prora avertit, et undis 
Dat latus ; insequitur cumulo praeruptus aquae mons. 105 
Hi summo in fluctu pendent, his unda dehiscens 
Terrain inter fluctus aperit ; furit aestus arenis. 
Tres Notus abreptas in saxa latentia torquet, 
(Saxa vocant Itali, mediis quae in fluctibus, Aras; 
Dorsum immane mari summo ;) tres Eurus ab alto 110 
In brevia et syrtes urget, miserabile visu, 
Illiditque vadis atque aggere cingit arenae. 
Unam, quae Lycios fidumque vehebat Oronten, 
Ipsius ante oculos ingens a vertice pontus 
In puppim ferit: excutitur pronusque magister 115 

"Volvitur in caput ; ast illam ter fluctus ibidem 
Torquet agens circum, et rapidus vorat aequore vortex ; 
Apparent rari nantes in gurgite vasto, 
Arma virum, tabulaeque, et Troia gaza per undas. 
Jam validam Ilionei navem, jam fortis Achatae, 120 
Et qua vectus Abas, et qua grandaevus Aletes, 
Vicithiemps: laxislaterum compagibus omnes 
Accipiunt inimicum imbrem, rimisque fatiscunt. 

Interea magno misceri murmure pontum, 
Emissamque hiemem sensit Neptunus et imis 125 

Stagna refusa vadis, graviter commotus ; et alto 
Prospiciens, summa placidum caput extulit unda. 
Disjectam Aeneae toto videt aequore classem, 
Fluctibus oppressos Troas caelique ruina. 



VErtGILI AEXEIS I. IB 

Nee latuere doli fratrem Junonis et irae. 130 

Eurum ad se Zephyrumque vocat, dehinc talia fatur : 
" Tantane vos generis tenuit fiducia vestri ? 
Jam caelum terramque meo sine numine, venti, 
Miscere, et tantas audetis tollere moles ? 
Quos ego — ! Sed motos praestat componere fluctus ; 135 
Post mihi non simili poena commissa luetis. 
Maturate fugam, regique haec dicite vestro : 
Non illi imperium pelagi saevumque tridentem, 
Sed mihi sorte datum. Tenet ille immania saxa, 
Yestras, Eure, domos : ilia se jactet in aula 140 

Aeolus, et clauso ventorum carcere regnet." 

Sic ait, et dicto citius tumida aequora placat, 
Collectasque fugat nubes solemque reducit. 
Cymothoe simul et Triton annixus acuto 
Detrudunt naves scopulo ; levat ipse tridenti ; 145 

Et vastas aperit syrtes, et temperat aequor, 
Atque rotis summas levibus perlabitur undas. 
Ac veluti magno in populo quum saepe coorta est 
Seditio, saevitque animis ignobile vulgus, 
Jamque faces et saxa volant, furor arma ministrat ; 150 
Turn, pietnte gravem ac meritis si forte virum quern 
Conspexere, silent, arrectisque auribus adstant ; 
Ille regit dictis animos, et pectora mulcet : 
Sic cunctus pelaigi cecidit fragor, aequora postquam 
Prospiciens genitor, caeloque invectus aperto, 155 

Flectit equos, curruque volans dat lora secundo. 

Defessi Aeneadae quae proxima litora cursu 
Contendunt petere, et Libyae vertuntur ad oras. 
Est in secessu longo locus : insula portum 
Efficit objectu laterum, quibus omnis ab alto 160 

Frangitur inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos. 
Ilinc atque hinc vastae rupes geminique minantur 
In caelum scopuli, quorum sub vertice late 
Aequora tuta silent ; turn silvis scaena coruscis 
Desuper horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra ; 165 
Fronte sub adversa scopulis pendentibus antrum, 
Tntus aquae dulces vivoque sedilia saxo, 



14 VERGILI AENEIS I. 

Nympharum clomus. Hie fessas non vincula nave3 

Ulla tenent, unco non alligat anchora morsu. 

Hue septem Aeneas colleetis navibus omni HG 

Ex numero subit ; ac magno telluris amore 

Egressi optata potiuntur Troes arena, 

Et sale tabentes artus in litore ponunt. 

Ac primum silici scintillam excudit Achates, 

Suscepitque ignem foliis, atque aricla circum 115 

Nutrimenta dedit, rapuitque in fomite flammam. 

Tuni Cererem corruptam undis Cerealiaque arma 

Expediunt fessi re rum, frugesque receptas 

Et torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo. 

Aeneas scopulum interea conscendit et omnem 180 
Prospectum late pel ago petit, Anthea si quern 
Jactatum vento videat Phrygiasque biremes, 
Aut Capyn, aut celsis in puppibus arma Caici. 
Navem in conspectu nullam, tres litore cervos 
Prospicit errantes ; hos tota armenta sequuntur 185 
A tergo, et longum per valles pascitur agmen. 
Constitit hie, arcumque manu celeresque sagittas 
Corripuit, fidus quae tela gerebat Achates, 
Ductoresque ipsos primum, capita alta fercntes 
Cornibus arboreis, sternit, turn vulgus, et omnem 190 
Miscet agens telis nemora inter frondea turbam ; 
Nee prius absistit, quam septem ingentia victor 
Corpora fundat humi et numerum cum navibus aequet. 
Hinc portum petit, et socios partitur in omnes. 
Yina bonus quae deinde cadis onerarat Accstes 195 
Litore Trinacrio dederatque abeuntibus heros, 
Dividit, et dictis maerentia pectora mulcet : 
" socii (neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum), 
passi graviora, dabit deus his quoque finem. 
Vos et Scyllaeam rabiem penitusque sonantes 200 

Accestis scopulos, vos et Cyclopea saxa 
Experti. Revocate animos, maestumque timorem 
Mittite ; forsan et haec olim meminisse juvabit. 
Per varios casus, per tot discrimina rerum 
Tendimus in Latium, sedes ubi fata quietas 205 



YERGILI AENEIS I. 15 

Ostendunt; illic fas regna resurgere Trojae. 
Durate, et vosmet rebus servate secundis." 

Talia voce refert ; eurisque ingentibus aeger 
Spem vultu simulat, premit altum corde dolorem. 
Illi se praedae accingunt dapibusque futuris : 210 

Tergora deripiunt costis et viscera nudant ; 
Pars in frusta secant veribusque trementia figunt ; 
Litore aena locant alii, flammasque ministrant. 
Turn victu revocant vires, fusique per herbam 
Implentur veteris Bacchi pinguisque ferinae. 215 

Postquam exempta fames epulis, mensaeque remotae, 
Aniissos longo socios sermone requirunt, 
Spemque metumque inter dubii, seu vivere credant, 
Sive extrema pati nee jam exaudire vocatos. 
Praecipue pius Aeneas nunc acris Oronti, 220 

Nunc Amyci casum gemit et crudelia secum 
Fata Lyci, fortemque Gyan, fortemque Cloanthum. 

Et jam finis erat, quum Jupiter, aethere summo 
Despiciens mare velivolum terrasque jacentes 
Litoraque et latos populos, sic vertice caeli 225 

Constitit et Libyae defixit lumina regnis. 
Atque ilium, tales jactantem pectore curas, 
Tristior et lacrimis oculos suffusa nitentes 
Alloquitur Venus : " O qui res hominumque deiimque 
Aeternis regis imperiis, et fulmine terres, 230 

Quid meus Aeneas in te committere tantum, 
Quid Troes potuere, quibus, tot funera passis, 
Cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis ? 
Certe hinc Komanos olim, volventibus annis, 
Hinc fore ductores, revocato a sanguine Teucri, 235 
Qui mare, qui terras omni dicione tenerent, 
.Pollicitu's : quae te, genitor, sententia vertit ? 
Hoc equidem occasum Trojae tristesque ruinas 
Solabar, fatis contraria fata rependens: 
Nunc eadem fortuna viros tot casibus actos 24C 

Insequitur. Quern das finem, rex magne, laborum ? 
Antenoi potuit, mediis elapsus Achivis, 



16 VERGILI AENE1S I. 

Illyricos penetrare sinus atque intima tutus 
Regna Liburnoruni, et fontem superare Timavi, 
Unde per ora novem vasto cum murmure montis 245 
It mare proruptum et pelago premit arva sonanti. 
Hie tamen ille urbem Patavi sedesque locavit 
Teucrorum, et genti nomen dedit armaque fixit 
Troia ; nunc placida compostus pace quiescit ; 
Nos, tua progenies, caeli quibus annuis arcem, 250 

Navibus (infandum !) amissis, unius ob iram 
Prodimur, atque Italis longe disjungimur oris. 
Hie pietatis honos ? Sic nos in sceptra reponis ? " 

Olli subridens hominum sator atque deorum 
Vultu, quo caelum tempestatesque serenat, 255 

Oscula libavit natae, dehinc talia fatur : 
" Parce metu, Cytherea : manent immota tuorum 
Fata tibi ; cernes urbem et promissa Lavini 
Moenia, sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli 
Magnanimum Aenean ; neque me sententia vertit. 260 
Hie tibi (fabor enim, quando haec te cura remordet, 
Longius et volvens fatorum arcana movebo) 
Bellum ingens geret Italia, populosque feroces 
Contundet, moresque viris et moenia ponet, 
Tertia dum Latio regnantem viderit aestas, 265 

Ternaque transierint Rutulis hiberna subactis. 
At puer Ascanius, cui nunc cognomen Iulo 
Additur (Ilus erat, dum res stetit Ilia regno), 
Triginta magnos volvendis mensibus orbes 
Imperio explebit, regnumque ab sede Lavini 210 

Transferet, et Longam multa vi muniet Albam. 
Hie jam ter centum totos regnabitur annos 
Gente sub Hectorea, donee regina sacerdos 
Marte gravis geminam partu dabit Ilia prolem. 
Inde lupae fulvo nutricis tegmine laetus 275 

Romulus excipiet gentem, et Mavortia condet 
Moenia, Romanosque suo de nomine dicet. 
His ego nee metas rerum nee tempora pono ; 
Imperium sine fine dedi. Quin aspera Juno, 
Quas mare nunc terrasque metu caelumque fatigat, 280 



VERGILI AENEIS I. 17 

Consilia in melius referet, mecumque fovtbit 
Romanos, n rum dominos, gentemque togatam. 
Sic placitum. Yeniet lustris labentibus aetas, 
Quum domus Assaraci Phthiam clarasque Mycenas 
Servitio premet, ac victis dominabitur Argis. 285 

Nascetur pulchra Trojanus origine Caesar, 
Imperium Oceano, fama-m qui terminet astris, 
Julius, a magno demissum nomen Iulo. 
Hune tu olim caelo, spoliis Orientis onustum, 
Accipies secura ; vocabitur hie quoque votis. 290 

Aspera turn positis mitescent saecula bellis ; 
Cana Fides, et Yesta, Remo cum fratre Quirinus, 
Jura dabunt ; dirae ferro et compagibus artis 
Claudentur Belli portae ; Furor impius intus, 
Saeva sedens super arma, et centum vinctus aenis 295 
Post tergum nodis, fremet horridus ore cruento." 

Haec ait, et Maia genitum demittit ab alto, 
Ut terrae utque novae pateant Carthaginis arces 
Hospitio Teucris, ne fati nescia Dido 
Finibus arceret. Yolat ille per aera magnum 300 

Remigio alarum, ac Libyae citus adstitit oris. 
Et jam jussa facit, ponuntque ferocia Poeni 
Corda volente deo ; in primis regina quietum 
Accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam. 

At pius Aeneas, per noctem plurima volvens, 305 
Ut primum lux alma data est, exire locosque 
Explorare novos, quas vento accesserit oras, 
Qui teneant (nam inculta videt), hominesne feraene, 
Quaerere constituit, sociisque exacta referre. 
Classem in convexo nemorum sub rupe cavata 310 

Arboribus clausam circum atque horrentibus umtris 
Occulit ; ipse uno graditur comitatus Achate, 
Bina manu lato crispans hastilia ferro. 
Cui mater media sese tulit obvia silva, 
Virginis os habitumque gerens et virginis arma, 315 
Spartanae, vel qualis^equos Threissa fatigat 
Harpalyce volucr?mque fuga praevertitur Hebrum. 
2Vir. 



18 VERGILI AENEIS I. 

Namque humeris de more habilem suspenderat arcum 
Yenatrix, dederatque comam diffundere ventis, 
Nuda genu, nodoque sinus collecta fluentes. 320 

Ac prior " Ileus " inquit " juvenes, monstrate, mearunx 
Yidistis si quam hie errantem forte sororum, 
Suceinctam pharetra et maculosae tegmine lyncis, 
Aut spumantis apri cursum elamore prementem." 

Sic Yenus, et Yeneris contra sic Alius orsus : 325 
" Nulla tuarum audita mihi neque visa sororum, 
O — quam te memorem, virgo? namque haud tibi 

vultus 
Mortalis, nee vox hominem sonat ; O dea certe, 
An Phoebi soror ? an Nympharum sanguinis una ? 
Sis felix, nostrumque leves, quaecumque, laborem, 330 
Et, quo sub caelo tandem, quibus orbis in oris 
Jactemur, doceas ; ignari hominumque locorumque 
Erramus, vento hue vastis et fluctibus acti : 
Multa tibi ante aras nostra cadet hostia dextra." 

Turn Yenus : " Haud equidem tali me dignor honore ; 335 
Yirginibus Tyriis mos est gestare pharetram, 
Purpureoque alte suras vincire cothurno. 
Punica regna vides, Tyrios et Agenoris urbem ; 
Sed fines Libyci, genus intractabile bello. 
Imperium Dido Tyria regit urbe profecta, 340 

Germanum fugiens. Longa est injuria, longae 
Ambages ; sed summa sequar fastigia rerum. 
Huic conjunx Sychaeus erat, ditissimus agri 
Phoenicum, et magno miserae dilectus amore, 
Cui pater intactam dederat, primisque jugarat 345 

Ominibus. Sed regna Tyri germanus habebat 
Pygmalion, scelere ante alios immanior omnes. 
Quos inter medius venit furor. Ille Sychaeum 
Impius ante aras atque auri caecus amore 
Clam ferro incautum superat, securus amorum 350 

Germanae ; factumque diu celavit, et aegram, 
Multa maius simulans, vana spe lusit amantem. 
Ipsa sed in somnis inhumati venit imago 



VERGILI AENEIS J. 19 

Conjugis ; ora modis attollens pallida miris, 
Crudeles aras trajectaque pectora ferro 355 

Nudavit, caecumque domus scelus omne retexii ; 
Turn celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet, 
Auxiliuruque viae veteres tellure recludit 
Thesauros, ignoturu argenti pondus et auri. 
His commota fugam Dido sociosque parabat. 360 

Conveniunt, quibus aut odium crude! e tyranni 
Aut metus acer erat ; naves, quae forte paratae, 
Corripiunt, onerantque auro : portantur avari 
Pygmalionis opes pelago ; dux femina facti. 
Devenere locos, ubi nunc ingentia cernes 365 

Moenia surgentemque novae Carthaginis arcem, 
[Mercatique solum, facti de nomine Byrsam, 
Taurino quantum possent circumdare tergo.] 
Sed vos qui tandem, quibus aut venistis ab oris, 
Quove tenetis iter ? " Quaerenti talibus ille 370 

Suspirans imoque trahens a pectore vocem : 
" dea, si prima repetens ab origine pergam, 
Et vacet annales nostrorum audire laborum, 
Ante diem clauso componet Vesper Olympo. 
Nos Trqja antiqua, si vestras forte per aures 315 

Trojae nomen iit, diversa per aequora vectos 
Forte sua Libycis tempestas appulit oris. 
Sum pius Aeneas, raptos qui ex hoste Penates 
Classe veho mecum, fama super aethera notus. 
Italiam quaero patriam et genus ab Jove summo. 380 
Bis denis Phrygium conscendi navibus aequor, 
Matre dea monstrante viam, data fata secutus ; 
Vix septem convulsae undis Euroque supersunt. 
Ipse ignotus, egens, Libyae deserta peragro, 
Europa atque Asia pulsus." Nee plura querentem 385 
Passa Yenus medio sic interfata dolore est : 

" Quisquis es, haud, credo, invisus caelestibus auras 
Yitales carpis, Tyriam qui adveneris urbem. 
Perge modo, atque hinc te reginae ad limina perfer. 
Namque tibi reduces socios classemque relatara 390 
N untio et in tutum versis Aquilonibus actam, 



20 VERGILI AENEIS I. 

Ni frustra augurium vani docuere parentes. 

Aspice bis senos laetantes agmine cycnos, 

Aetheria quos lapsa plaga Jovis ales aperto 

Turbabat caelo ; nunc terras ordine longo 395 

Aut capere aut captas jam despectare videntur: 

Ut reduces illi ludunt stridentibus alis, 

Et coetu cinxere polum, cantusque dedere, 

Haud aliter puppesque tuae pubesque tuoruni 

Aut portum tenet, aut pleno subit ostia velo. 400 

Perge modo, et, qua te ducit via, dirige gressum." 

i)ixit, et avertens rosea cervice refulsit, 
Ambrosiaeque comae divinum vertice odorem 
Spiravere ; pedes vestis defluxit ad imos ; 
Et vera incessu patuit dea. Hie ubi matrem 405 

Agnovit, tali fugientem est voce secutus : 
" Quid natum toties, crudelis tu quoque, falsis 
Ludis imaginibus ? Cur dextrae jungere dextram 
Non datur, arc veras audire et reddere voces ? " 
Talibus incusat, gressumque ad moenia tendit ; 410 
At Yenus obscuro gradientes aere sepsit, 
Et multo nebulae circum dea fudit amictu, 
Cernere ne quis eos, neu quis contingere posset, 
Molirive moram, aut veniendi poscere causas. 
Ipsa Paphum sublimis abit, sedesque revisit 415 

Laeta suas, ubi templum illi, centumque Sabaeo 
Ture calent arae sertisque recentibus halant. 

Corripuere viam interea, qua semita monstrat ; 
Jamque ascendebant collem, qui plurimus urbi 
Imminet, adversasque aspectat desuper arces. 420 

Miratur molem Aeneas, magalia quondam, 
Miratur portas strepitumque et strata viaruni. 
Instant ardentes Tyrii, pars ducere muros 
Molirique arcem et manibus subvolvere saxa, 
Pars optare locum tecto et concludere sulco. 425 

[Jura magistratusque legunt sanctumque senatum.] 
Hie portus alii effodiunt ; hie lata theatris 
Fundamenta locant alii, immanesque columnas 



VEKGILI AENEIS I. 21 

Rupibus excidunt, scaenis decora alta futuris. 

Qualis apes aestate nova per florea rura 430 

Exercet sub sole labor, quum gentis adultos 

Educunt fetus, aut quum liquentia mella 

Stipant et dulci distendunt nectare cellas, 

Aut onera accipiunt venientum, aut agmine facto 

Ignavum fucos pecus a praesepibus arcent ; 435 

Fervet opus, redolentque thymo fragranti? mrila 

" fortunati, quorum jam moenia surgunl 

Aeneas ait, et fastigia suspicit urbis. 

Infert se septus nebula (mirabile dictu) 

Per medios, miscetque viris, neque cernitui alii. ^i40 

Lucus in urbe fuit media, laetissimus umbrae, 
Quo primum, jactati imdis et turbine, Poeni 
Effodere loco signum, quod regia Juno 
Monstrarat, caput acris equi : sic nam fore bello 
Egregiam et facilem victu per saecula gentem. 445 

Hie templum Junoni ingens Sidonia Dido 
Condebat, donis opulentum et nuniine divae, 
Aerea cui gradibus surgebant limina, nexaeque 
Aere trabes, foribus cardo stridebat aenis. 
Hoc primum in luco nova res oblata timorem 450 

Leniit, hie primum Aeneas sperare salutem 
Ausus, et afflictis melius confidere rebus : 
Namque sub ingenti lustrat dum singula templo, 
Reginam opperiens, dum, quae fortuna sit urbi, 
Artificumque manus inter se operumque laborem 455 
Miratur, videt Iliacas ex ordine pugnas 
Bellaque jam fama totum vulgata per orbem, 
Atridas, Priamumque, et saevum ambobus Achillem. 
Constitit, et lacrimans " Quis jam locus" inquit 

" Achate, 
Quae regio in terris nostri non plena laboris ? 460 

En Priamus ! Sunt hie etiam sua praemia laudi ; 
Sunt lacrimae rerum, et mentem mortalia tangunt. 
Solve metus ; feret haec aliquam tibi fama salutem. " 
Sic ait, atque animum pictura pascit inani, 
Multa gemens, largoque humectat flumine vultum. 465 



22 VERGILI AENEIS T 

Namque vichbat, uti bellantes Pergania mrcum 
Hac fugerent Graii, premeret Trojana juventus ; 
Hac Phryges, instaret curra cristatus Achilles. 
Nee proeul hinc Rhesi niveis tentoria velis 
Agnoscit lacrimans, primo quae prodita somno 470 
Tydides niulta vastabat caede cruentus, 
Ardentesque avertit equos in castra, priusquam 
T>«K„| a g US tassent Trojae Xanthumque bibissent. 
alia fugiens amissis Troilus armis, 
x puer atque impar congressus Achilli, 475 

r equis, curruque haeret resupinus inani, 
xjkjlcu tenens tamen ; huic cervixque comaeqne tra- 

huntur 
Per terram, et versa pulvis inscribitur hasta. 
Interea ad templum non aequae Palladis ibant 
Crinibus Iliades passis, peplumque ferebant, 480 

Suppliciter tristes et tunsae pectora palmis ; 
Diva solo fixos oculos aversa tenebat. 
Ter eircum Iliacos raj)taverat Hectora muros, 
Exanimumque auro corpus vendebat Achilles. 
Turn vero ingentem gemitum dat pectore ab imo, 485 
Ut spolia, ut currus, utque ipsum corpus amici, 
Tendentemque manus Priamum conspexit inermes. 
Se quoque principibus permixtum agnovit Achivis, 
Eoasque acies et nigri Memnonis arma. 
Ducit Amazonidum lunatis agmina peltis 490 

Penthesilea furens, mediisque in milibus ardet, 
Aurea subnectens exsertae cingula mammae, 
Bellatrix, audetque viris concurrere virgo. 

Haec dum Dardanio Aeneae miranda videntur, 
Dum stupet, obtutuque haeret defixus in uno, 495 

Regina ad templum, forma pulcherrima DidD, 
Incessit, magna juvenum stipante caterva. 
Qualis in Eurotae ripis aut per juga Cynthi 
Exercet Diana choros, quam mille secutae 
Hinc atque hinc glomerantur Oreades ; illapharetram 500 
Fert huinero, gradiensque deas supereminet omnes ; 
(Latonae taciturn pertentant gaudia pectus ;) 



VERGILI AENEIS I. 23 

Talis erat Dido, talem se laeta ferebat 
Per naedios, instans operi regnisque futuris. 
Tum foribus divae, media testudine tenipli, 505 

Septa armis, solioque alte subnixa, resedit. 
Jura dabat legesque viris, operumque laborem 
Partibus aequabat justis aut sorte trahebat : 
Quum subito Aeneas coneursu accedere magno 
Anthea Sergestuinque videt fortemque Cloanthum 510 
Teucrorumque alios, ater quos aequore turbo 
Dispulerat penitusque alias avexerat oras. 
Obstupuit simul ipse, simul percussus Achates 
Laetitiaque metuque : avidi conjungere dextras 
Ardebant ; sed res animos incognita turbat. 515 

Dissimulant, et nube cava speculantur amicti, 
Quae fortuna viris, classem quo litore linquant, 
Quid veniant : cunctis nam lecti navibus ibant, 
Orantes veniam, et templum clamore petebant. 

Postquam introgressi et coram data copia fandi, 520 
Maximus Ilioneus placido sic pectore coepit : 
" regina, novam cui condere Jupiter urbem 
Justitiaque dedit gentes frenare superbas, 
Troes te miseri, ventis maria omnia vecti, 
Oramus : prohibe infandos a navibus ignes, 525 

Parce pio generi, et propius res aspice nostras. 
Non nos aut ferro Libycos populare Penates 
Yenimus, aut raptas ad litora vertere praedas ; 
Non ea vis animo, nee tanta superbia victis. 
Est locus, Hesperiam Graii cognomine dicunt, 530 

Terra antiqua, potens armis atque ubere glebae ; 
Oenotri coluere viri ; nunc fama, minores 
Italiam dixisse ducis de nomine gentem : 
Hie cursus fuit, 

Quum subito assurgens fluctu nimbosus Orion 535 

In vada caeca tulit, penitusque procacibus Austris 
Perque undas, superante salo, perque invia saxa 
Dispulit : hue pauci vestris annavimus oris. 
Quod genus hoc hominum ? quaeve hunc tarn barb^a 
morem 



24 VERGTLI AENEIS I. 

Permittit patria ? Hospitio prohibemur arenae ; 540 

Bella cient, primaque vetant consistere terra ! 

Si genus humanum et mortalia temnitis arma, 

At sperate deos meniores fandi atque nefandi. 

Rex erat Aeneas nobis, quo justior alter 

Nee pietate fuit nee bello major et armis : 545 

Quern si fata virum servant, si vescitur aura 

Aetheria neque adhuc crudelibus occubat umbris, 

Non metus. Officio nee te certasse priorem 

Poeniteat : sunt et Siculis regionibus urbes 

Armaque, Trojanoque a sanguine clarus Acestes. 550 

Quassatam ventis liceat subducere classem, 

Et silvis aptare trabes et stringere renios, 

Si datur Italiam, sociis et rege recepto, 

Tendere, ut Italiam laeti Latiumque petamus ; 

Sin absumpta salus, et te, pater optime Teucrum, 555 

Pontus habet Libyae, nee spes jam restat Iuli, 

At freta Sicaniae saltern sedesque paratas, 

Unde hue advecti, regemque petamus Acesten." 

Talibus Ilioneus ; cuncti simul ore fremebant 

Dardanidae. 5G0 

Turn breviter Dido, vultum demissa, profatur : 
" Solvite corde metum, Teucri, secludite curas. 
Res dura et regni novitas me talia cogunt 
Moliri, et late fines custode tueri. 

Quis genus Aeneadum, quis Trojae nesciat urbem 565 
Virtutesque virosque, aut tanti incendia belli ? 
Non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni, 
Nee tarn aversus equos Tyria Sol jungit ab urbe. 
Seu vos Hesperian) magnam Saturniaque arva, 
Sive Erycis fines regemque optatis Acesten, 570 

Auxilio tutos dimittam, opibusque juvabo. 
Yultis et his mecum pariter considere regnis : 
Urbem quam statuo, vestra est : subducite naves ; 
Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur. 
Atque utinam rex ipse Noto compulsus eodem 575 

Afforet Aeneas ! Equidem per litora certos 
DJmittam et Libyae lustrare extrema jubebo, 
Si quibus ejectus silvis aut urbibus errat." 



VERGILI AENEIS I. 25 

His animum arrecti dictis, et fortis Achates 
Et pater Aeneas jamdudum erumpere nubem 580 

Ardebant. Prior Aenean compellat Achates: 
M Nate dea, quae nunc aninio sententia surgit ? 
Omnia tuta vides, classem sociosque receptos ; 
Unus abest, medio in fluctu quern vidimus ipsi 
Submersum ; dictis respondent cetera niatris." 585 

Yix ea fatus erat, quum circumfusa repente 
Scindit se nubes et in aethera purgat apertum. 
Restitit Aeneas, claraque in luce refulsit, 
Os humerosque deo similis ; namque ipsa decoram 
Caesariem nato genetrix lumenque juventae 590 

Purpureum et laetos oculis afflarat honores : 
Quale manus addunt ebori decus, aut ubi flavo 
Argentum Pariusve lapis circumdatur auro. 
Turn sic reginam alloquitur, cunctisque repente 
Improvisus ait : " Coram, quern quaeritis, adsum, 595 
Troius Aeneas, Libycis ereptus ab undis. 
O sola infandos Trojae miserata labores, 
Quae noSj reliquias Danaum, terraeque marisque 
Omnibus exhaustis jam casibus, omnium egenos, 
Urbe, domo, socias : grates persolvere dignas 600 

Non opis est nostrae, Dido, nee quidquid ubique est 
Gentis Dardaniae, magnum quae sparsa per orbem. 
Di tibi, si qua pios respectant numina, si quid 
Usquam justitia est et mens sibi conscia recti, 
Praemia digna ferant. Quae te tarn laeta tulerunt 605 
Saecula ? qui tanti talem genuere parentes ? 
In freta dum fluvii current, dum montibus umbrae 
Lustrabunt convexa, polus dum sidera pascet, 
Semper honos nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt, 
Quae me cumque vocant terrae." Sic fatus, amicum 610 
Tlionea petit dextra, laevaque Serestum, 
Post alios, fortemque Gyan, fortemque Cloanthum. 

Obstupuit primo aspectu Sidonia^Dido, 
Casu deinde viri tanto, et sic ore locuta est: 
" Quis te, nate dea, per tanta pericula casus 615 

Insequitur? quae vis immanibus applicat oris? 



26 VERGILI AENEIS I. 

Tune ille Aeneas, quern Dardanio Anchisae 

Alma Yenus Phrygii genuit Simoentis ad undam ? 

Atque equidem Teucrum memini Sidona venire 

Finibus expulsum patriis, nova regna petentem 620 

Auxilio Beli ; genitor turn Belus opimam 

Vastabat Cyprum, et victor dicione tenebat. 

Tempore jam ex illo casus mihi cognitus urbis 

Trojanae, nomenque tuum, regesque Pelasgi. 

Ipse hostis Teucros insigni laude ferebat, 625 

Seque ortum antiqua Teucrorum ab stirpe volebat. 

Quare agite, o tectis juvenes succedite nostris. 

Me quoque per multos similis fortuna labores 

Jactatam hac demum voluit consistere terra : 

Non ignara mali miseris succurrere disco." 630 

Sic memorat, simul Aenean in regia ducit 

Tecta, simul diviim templis indicit honorem. 

Nee minus interea sociis ad litora mittit 

Vlginti tauros, magnorum horrentia centum 

Terga suum, pingues centum cum matribus agnos, 635 

Munera laetitiamque dii. 

At domus interior regali splendida luxu 

Instruitur, mediisque parant convivia tectis : 

Arte laboratae vestes ostroque superbo, 

Ingens argentum mensis, caelataque in auro 640 

Fortia facta patrum, series longissima rerum 

Per tot ducta viros antiquae ab origine gentis. 

Aeneas (neque enim patrius consistere mentem 
Passus amor) rapidum ad naves praemittit Achaten, 
Ascanio ferat haec, ipsumque ad moenia ducat ; 645 
Omnis in Ascanio cari stat cura parentis. 
Munera praeterea Iliacis erepta ruinis 
Perre jubet, pallam signis auroque rigentem, 
Et circumtextum croceo velamen acantho, 
Ornatus Argivae Helenae, quos ilia Mycenis, 650 

Pergama quum peteret inconcessosque hymenaeos, 
Extulerat, matris Ledae mirabile donum ; 
Praeterea sceptrum, Ilione quod gesserat olim, 
Maxima natarum Prirmi, colloque monile 



VERGILI AENEib x. 27 

Baccatuni, et duplicem gemmis auroque coronam. 655 
Haec celerans iter ad naves tendebat Achates. 

At Cytherea novas artes, nova pectore versat 
Consilia, ut faciem niutatus et ora Cupido 
Pro dulci Ascanio veniat, donisque furentem 
Incendat reginam, atque ossibus implicet ignem. 660 
Quippe domum timet ambiguam Tyriosque bilingues ; 
Urit atrox Juno, et sub noctem cura recursat. 
Ergo his aligeruni dictis affatur Anioreni : 
" Nate, meae vires, mea magna potentia solus, 
Nate, patris summi qui tela Typhoea temnis, 665 

Ad te confugio, et supplex tua numina posco. 
Frater ut Aeneas pelago tuus omnia circum 
Litora jactetur odiis Junonis acerbae, 
Nota tibi, et nostro doluisti saepe dolore. 
Nunc Phoenissa tenet Dido blandisque moratur 6T0 
Yocibus ; et vereor, quo se Junonia vertant 
Hospitia : haud tanto cessabit cardine rerum. 
Quocirca capere ante dolis et cingere flamma 
Reginam meditor, ne quo se numine mutet, 
Sed magno Aeneae mecum teneatur amore. 615 

Qua facere id possis, nostram nunc accipe mentem : 
Regius accitu cari genitoris ad urbem 
Sidoniam puer ire parat, mea maxima cura, 
Dona ferens pelago et flammis restantia Trojae ; 
Hunc ego sopitum somno super alta Cythera 680 

Aut super Idalium sacrata sede recondam, 
Ne qua scire dolos mediusve occurrere possit. 
Tu faciem illius noctem non amplius unam 
Falle dolo, et notos pueri puer indue vultus, 
Ut, quum te gremio accipiet laetissima Dido 685 

Regales inter mensas laticemque Lyaeum, 
Quum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet, 
Occultum inspires ignem fallasque veneno." 
Paret Amor dictis carae genetrieis, et alas 
Exuit, et gressu gaudens incedit Iuli. 690 

At Venus Ascanio placidam per membra quietem 
Irriga:, et fotum gremio dea tollit in altos 



28 VERGILI AENEIS I. 

Idaliae lucos, ubi mollis amaracus ilium 
Floribus et dulci adspirans complectitur umbra. 
Jamque ibat, dicto parens, et dona Cupido 695 

Regia portabat Tyriis, duce laetus Achate. 
Quum venit, aulaeis jam se regina superbis 
Aurea composuit sponda mediamque locavit ; 
Jam pater Aeneas et jam Trojana juventus 
Conveniunt, stratoque super discumbitur ostro. 700 
Pant manibus famuli lymphas, Cereremque canistris 
Expediunt, tonsisque ferunt mantelia villis. 
Quinquaginta intus famulae, quibus ordine longam 
Cura penum struere, et flammis adolere Penates ; 
Centum aliae totidemque pares aetate ministri, 705 
Qui dapibus mensas onerent et poeula ponant. 
Nee non et Tyrii per limina laeta frequentes 
Convenere, toris jussi discumbere pictis. 
Mirantur dona Aeneae, mirantur Iuluni, 
Flagrantesque dei vultus simulataque verba 710 

[Pallamque et pictum croceo velamen acantho.] 
Praecipue infelix, pesti devota futurae, 
Expleri mentem nequit ardescitque tuendo 
Phoenissa, et pariter puero donisque movetur. 
Ille ubi complexu Aeneae colloque pependit, 715 

Et magnum falsi implevit genitoris amorem, 
Reginam petit. Haec oculis, haec pectore toto 
Haeret, et interdum gremio fovet, inscia Dido, 
Insidat quantus miserae deus. At memor ille 
Matris Acidaliae, paulatim abolere Sychaeum 120 

Incipit, et vivo tentat praevertere amore 
Jam pridem resides animos desuetaque corda. 

Postquam prima quies epulis, mensaeque remotae, 
Crateras magnos statuunt et vina coronant. 
It strepitus tectis, vocemque per ampla volutant 725 
Atria; dependent lychni laquearibus aureis 
Incensi, et noctem flammis funalia vincunt. 
Hie regina gravem gemmis auroque poposcit 
Implevitque mero pateram, quam Belus et omnes 
A Belo soliti ; turn facta silentia tectis: 730 



VERGILI AENEIS I. 29 

"Jupiter, hospitibus nam te dare jura loquuntur, 

Hunc laetum Tyriisque diem Trojaque profectis 

Esse velis, nostrosque hujus meminisse minores ! 

Adsit laetitiae Bacchus dator, et bona Juno ! 

Et vos, o, coetum, Tyrii, celebrate faventes ! " 735 

Dixit, et in mensam laticum libavit honorem, 

Primaque, libato, summo tenus attigit ore ; 

Turn Bitiae dedit increpitans ; ille impiger hausit 

Spumantem pateram, et pleno se proluit auro ; 

Post alii proceres. Cithara crinitus Iopas 740 

Personat aurata, docuit quern maximus Atlas. 

Hie canit errantem lunam solisque labores, 

Unde hominum genus et pecudes, unde imber et ignes, 

Arcturum pluviasque Hyadas geminosque Triones, 

Quid tantum oceano properent se tinguere soles 745 

Hiberni, vel quae tardis mora noctibus obstet. 

Ingeminant plausu Tyrii, Troesque sequuntur. 

Nee non et vario noctem sermone trahebat 

Tnfelix Dido, longumque bibebat amorem, 

Multa super Priamo rogitans, super Hectore multa ; 750 

Nunc, quibus Aurorae venisset Alius armis, 

Nunc, quales Diomedis equi, nunc, quantus Achilles. 

" Immo age, et a prima, die, hospes, origine nobis 

Insidias " inquit " Danaum, casusque tuorum, 

Erroresque tuos; nam te jam septima portat 755 

Omnibus errantem terris et fluctibus aestas." 




P. VERGILI MARONIS 

AENEID0S 

LIBER SECUNDUS. 

Conticuere omnes, intentique ora tenebant. 

Inde toro pater Aeneas sic orsus ab alto : 

"Infandum, regina, jubes renovare dolorem. 

Trojanas ut opes et lamentabile regnum 

Eruerint Danai, quaeque ipse miserrima vidi, 5 

Et quorum pars magna fui, quis talia fando 

Myrmidonum Dolopumve aut duri miles Ulixi 

Temperet a lacrimis? et jam nox humida eaelo 

Praecipitat, suadentque cadentia sidera somnos. 

Sed si tantus amor casus cognoscere nostros 10 

Et breviter Trojae supremum audire laborem, 

Quamquam animus meminisse horret luctuque reft git, 

Incipiam. 

Fracti bello fatisque repulsi 
Ductores Danauni, tot jam labentibus annis, 
Instar montis equum divina Palladis arte 15 

Aedificant, sectaque intexunt abiete costas : 
To turn pro reditu simulant, ea fama vagatur. 
Hue dele eta viriim sortiti corpora furtim 
Includunt caeco lateri, penitusque cavernas 
Ingentes uterumque armato milite complent. 20 

Est in conspectu Tenedos, notissima fama 
Insula, dives opuni, Priami dum regna manebant, 

(30) 



VERGILI AENEIS II. 31 

Nunc tantum sinus et statio male fida carinis : 

Hue se provecti deserto in litore condunt. 

Nos abiisse rati et vento petiisse Mycenas: 25 

Ergo omnis longo solvit se Teucria luctu. 

Panduntur portae ; juvat ire et Dorica castra 

Desertosque videre locos litusque relictum. 

1 Hie Dolopum nianus, hie saevus tendebat Achilles, 

Classibus hie locus, hie acie certare solebant.' 30 

Pars stupet innuptae donum exitiale Minervae, 

Et molem mirantur equi. Primusque Thymoetes 

Duci intra muros hortatur et arce loeari, 

Sive dolo, seu jam Trojae sic fata ferebant. 

At Capys, et quorum nielior sententia menti, 35 

Aut pel ago Danaum insidias suspectaque dona 

Praecipitare jubent, subjectisque urere flam mis, 

Aut terebrare cavas uteri et tentare latebras. 

Scinditur incertum studia in contraria vulgus. 

Primus ibi ante ornnes, magna comitante caterva, 40 
Laocobn ardens summa decurrit ab arce, 
Et procul : " O miseri, quae tanta insania, cives ? 
Creditis avectos hostes, aut ulla putatis 
Dona carere dolis Danaum ? sic notus Ulixes ? 
Aut hoc inclusi ligno occultantur Achivi, 45 

Aut haec in nostros fabricata est machina muros, 
Inspectura domos venturaque desuper urbi, 
Aut aliquis latet error. Equo ne credite, Teucri. 
Quidquid id est, timeo Danaos et dona ferentes." 
Sic fatus, validis ingentem viribus hastam 50 

In latus inque feri curvam compagibus alvum 
Contorsit. Stetit ilia tremens, uteroque recusso 
Insonuere cavae gemitumque dedere cavernae ; 
Et, si fata deiim, si mens non laeva fuisset, 
Impulerat ferro Argolicas foedare latebras, 55 

Trojaque nunc staret, Priamique arx alta maneres ! 

Ecce, manus juvenem interea post terga revinctum 
Pastores magno ad regem elamore trahebant 
Dardanidae, qui se ignotum venientibus ultro, 



82 VERGILI AENEIS XI. 

Hoc ipsuin at strueret Trojamque aperiret Achivis, 60 

Obtulerat, fidens animi, atque in utrumque paratus, 

Seu versare dolos, seu certae occumbere niorti. 

Undique visendi studio Trojana juventus 

Circumfusa ruit, certantque illudere capto. 

Accipe nunc Danauni insidias. et crimine ab uno 65 

Disce omnes. 

Namque at conspectu in medio turbatus, inermis, 

Constitit atque oculis Phrygia agmina circumspexit, 

"Heu, quae nunc tellus," inquit, "quae me aequora 

possunt 
Accipere, aut quid jam misero mihi denique restat, 70 
Cui neque apud Danaos usquam locus, et super ipsi 
Dardanidae infensi poenas cum sanguine poscunt?" 
Quo gemitu conversi animi, compressus et omnis 
Impetus. Hortamur fari, quo sanguine cretus, 
Quidve ferat ; memoret, quae sit fiducia capto. 75 

[Ille haec, deposita tandem formidine, fatur :] 
" Cuncta equidem tibi, rex, faerit quodcumque, fatebor 
Vera," inquit, " neque me Argolica de gente negabo : 
Hoc primum ; nee, si miserum Fortuna Sinonem 
Finxit, vanum etiam mendacemque improba finget. 80 
Fando aliquod si forte tuas pervenit ad aures 
Belidae nomen Palamedis et incluta fama 
Gloria, quern falsa sab proditione Pelasgi 
Insontem infando indicio, quia bella vetabat, 
Demisere neci, nunc cassum lumine lugent : 85 

111! me comitem et consanguinitate propinquum 
Pauper in arma pater primis hue misit ab annis. 
Dum stabat regno incolumis regumque vigebat 
Conciliis, et nos aliquod nomenque decusque 
Gessimus. Invidia postquam pellacis Ulixi 90 

(Haud ignota loquor) superis concessit ab oris, 
Afflictus vitam in tenebris luctuque trahebam, 
Et casum insontis mecum indignabar amici. 
Nee tacui demens, et me, fors si qua tulisset, 
Si patrios uinquam remeassem victor ad Argos, 95 

Promisi ultorem, et verbis odia aspera movi. 
Hinc mihi prima mali labes ; hinc semper Ulixes 



VERGILI AENEIS II. 83 

Criminibus terrere novis, hinc spargere voces 
In vulgum ambiguas, et quaerere conscius arma. 
Nee requievit enim, donee Calchante ministro — 100 
Sed quid ego haec autem nequidquamingratarevolvo? 
Quidve moror, si omnes uno ordine habetis Achivos, 
Idque audire sat est ? Jamdudum sumite poenas : 
Hoc Ithacus velit, et magno mercentur Atridae." 

Turn vero ardemus scitari et quaerere causas, 105 
Ignari scelerum tantorum artisque Pelasgae. 
Prosequitur pavitans, et ficto pectore fatur : 

"Saepe fugam Danai Troja cupiere relicta 
Moliri et longo fessi discedere bello ; 
Fecissentque utinam ! Saepe illos aspera ponti 110 

Interclusit hiemps, etterruit Auster euntes ; 
Praecipue, quurn jam hie trabibus contextus acernis 
Staret equus, toto sonuerunt aethere nimbi. 
Suspensi Eurypylum scitantem oracula Phoebi 
Mittimus; isque adytis haec tristia dicta reportat : 115 
' Sanguine placastis ventos et virgine caesa, 
Quum primum Iliacas, Danai, venistis ad oras : 
Sanguine quaerendi reditus, animaque litandum 
Argolica.' Vulgi quae vox ut venit ad aures, 
Obstupuere animi, gelidusque per ima cucurrit 120 

Ossa tremor, cui fata parent, quern poscat Apollo. 
Hie Ithacus vatem magno Calchanta tumultu 
Protrahit in medios ; quae sint ea numina diviim, 
Flagitat : et mihi jam multi crudele canebant 
Artificis scelus, et taciti ventura videbant. 125 

Bis quinos silet ille dies, tectusque recusat 
Prodere voce sua quemquam aut opponere morti ; 
Vix tandem, magnis Ithaci clamoribus actus, 
Composito rumpit vocem, et me destinat arae. 
Assensere omnes, et, quae sibi quisque timebat, 130 
Unius in miseri exitium conversa tulere. 
Jamque dies infanda aderat : mihi sacra p^trari, 
Et salsae fruges, et circum tempora vittae^ 
Eripui, fateor, leto me, et vincula rupi, 
3 Vir. 



34 VERGILI AENEIS II. 

Limosoque lacu per noctem obscurus in ulva 135 

Delitui, dum vela darent, si forte dedissent. 

Nee mihi jam patriam antiquam spes ulla videndi, 

Nee dulces natos exoptatunique parentem ; 

Quos illi fors et poenas ob nostra reposcent 

Effugia, et culpam hanc miserorum naorte piabunt. 140 

Quod te per superos et conscia numina veri, 

Per, si qua est, quae restet adhuc mortalibus usquam, 

Intemerata fides, oro, miserere laborum 

Tantorum ; miserere animi non digna ferentis." 

His lacrimis vitam damus, et miserescimus ultro. 145 
Ipse viro primus manicas atque arta levari 
Vincla jubet Priamus, dictisque ita fatur amicis: 
" Quisquis es, amissos hinc jam obliviscere Graios : 
Noster eris : mihique haee edissere vera roganti ; 
Quo molemhancimmanis equi statuere ? quis auctor? 150 
Quidve petunt ? quae religio, aut quae machina belli ? " 
Dixerat. Ille, dolis instructus et arte Pelasga, 
Sustulit exutas vinclis ad sidera palmas ; 
" Yos, aeterni ignes, et non violabile vestrum 
Testor numen," ait, "vos, arae ensesque nefandi, 155 
Quos fugi, vittaeque deum, quas hostia gessi : 
Fas mihi Graiorum sacrata resolvere jura, 
Fas odisse viros, atque omnia ferre sub auras, 
Si qua tegunt ; teneor patriae nee legibus ullis. 
Tu modo promissis maneas, servataque serves, 1 60 

Troja, fidem, si vera feram, si magna rependam. 
Omnis spes Danaum et coepti fiducia belli 
Palladis auxiliis semper stetit. Impius ex quo 
Tydides sed enim scelerumque inventor Ulixes 
Fatale aggressi sacrato avellere templo 165 

Palladium, caesis summae custodibus arcis, 
Corripuere sacram effigiem, manibusque cruentis 
Yirgineas ausi divae contingere vittas, 
Ex illo fluere ac retro sublapsa referri 
Spes Danaum, fractae vires, aversa deae mens. 170 

Nee dubiis ea signa dedit Tritonia monstris. 
Yix positum castris simulacrum, arsere coruscae 



VERGILI AENEIS II. 35 

Luminibus flammae arrectis, salsusque per artus 

Sudor iit, terque ipsa solo (mirabile dictu) 

Emicuit, parmamque ferens hastamque trementem. 115 

Extemplo tentanda fuga canit aequora Calchas, 

Nee posse Argolicis exscindi Pergama telis, 

Omina ni repetant Argis, numenque reducant, 

Quod pel ago et cur vis secum avexere carinis. 

Et nunc quod patrias vento petiere Mycenas, 180 

Arma deosque parant comites, pelagoque remenso 

Improvisi aderunt : ita digerit omina Calchas. 

Hanc pro Palladio, moniti, pro numine laeso 

Effigiem statuere, nefas quae triste piaret. 

Hanc tanien immensam Calchas attollere molem 185 

Roboribus textis caeloque educere jussit, 

Ne recipi portis aut duci in moenia posset, 

Neu populum antiqua sub religione tueri. 

Nam si vestra manus violasset dona Minervae, 

Turn magnum exitium (quod di prius omen in ipsum 190 

Convertant !) Priami imperio Phrygibusque futurum ; 

Sin manibus vestris vestram ascendisset in urbem, 

TJltro Asiam magno Pelopea ad moenia bello 

Venturam, et nostros ea fata manere nepotes." 

Talibus insidiis perjurique arte Sinonis 195 

Credita res, captique dolis lacrimisque coactis, 
Quos'neque Tydides, nee Larissaeus Achilles, 
Non anni domuere decern, non mille carinae. 

Hie aliud majus miseris multoque tremendum 
Objicitur magis, atque improvida pectora turbat. 200 
Laocoon, ductus Neptuno sorte sacerdos, 
Sollemnes taurum ingentem mactabat ad aras. 
Ecce autem gemini a Tenedo tranquilla per alta 
(Horresco re ferens) immensis orbibus angues 
Incumbunt pelago, pariterque ad litora tendunt ; 205 
Pectora quorum inter fluctus arrecta jubaeque 
Sanguineae superant undas, pars cetera pontum 
Pone legit sinuatque immensa volumine terga. 
Fit sonitus spumante salo. Jamque arva tenebajit, 



36 VERGILI AENEIS II. 

Ardentesque oculos suffecti sanguine et igni 210 

Sibila lambebant Unguis vibrantibus ora. 

Diffugimus visu exsangues. Illi agmine certo 

Laocoonta petunt, et primum parva duorum 

Corpora natorum serpens amplexus uterque 

Irnplicat, et miseros morsu depascitur artus ; 215 

Post ipsum auxilio subeunteni ac tela ferentem 

Corripiunt, spirisque ligant ingentibus, et jam 

Bis medium aniplexi, bis collo squamea circum 

Terga dati, superant capite et cervicibus altis. 

Ille simul manibus tendit divellere nodos, 220 

Perfusus sanie vittas atroque veneno, 

Clamores simul horrendos ad sidera tollit: 

Quales mugitus, fugit quum saucius aram 

Taurus et incertam excussit cerviee securim. 

At gemini lapsu delubra ad summa dracones 225 

Effugiunt, saevaeque petunt Tritonidis arcem, 

Sub pedibusque deae clipeique sub orbe teguntur. 

Turn vero tremefacta novus per pectora cunctis 

Insinuat pavor ; et scelus expendisse merentem 

Laocoonta ferunt, sacrum qui cuspide robur 230 

Laeserit et tergo sceleratam intorserit hastam. 

Ducendum ad sedes simulacrum, orandaque divae 

Numina conclamant. 

Dividimus muros et moenia pandimus urbis. 

Accingunt omnes operi, pedibusque rotarum 235 

Subjiciunt lapsus, et stuppea vincula collo 

Intendunt. Scandit fatalis machina muros, 

Feta armis. Pueri circum innuptaeque puellae 

Sacra canunt, funemque manu contingere gaudent. 

Ilia subit, mediaeque minans illabitur urbi. 240 

O patria, o divum domus Ilium, et incluta bello 

Moenia Dardanidum I quater ipso in limine portae 

Substitit, atque utero sonitum quater arma dedere ; 

Instamus tamen immemores caecique furore, 

Et monstrum infelix sacrata sistimus arce. 245 

Tunc etiam fatis aperit Cassandra futuris 

Ora, dei jussu non umquam credita Teucris. 

Nos delubra deum miseri, quibus ultimus esset 

Ille dies, festa velamus fronde per urbem. 



VERGILI AENEIS II. 87 

Tertitur interea caelum, et ruit oceano nox, 250 

Involvens umbra magna terramque poiumque 
Myrmidonumque dolos ; fusi per moenia Teucri 
Conticuere ; sopor fessos complectitur artus. 
Et jam Argiva phalanx instructis navibus ibat 
A Tenedo, tacitae per arnica silentia lunae 255 

Litora nota petens, flammas quum regia puppis 
Extulerat, fatisque deum defensus iniquis 
Inclusos utero Danaos et pinea furtim 
Laxat claustra Sinon. Illos patefactus ad auras 
Reddit equus, laetique cavo se robore promunt 260 

Thessandrus Sthenelusque duces et dims Ulixes, 
Demissum lapsi per funem, Acamasque, Thoasque, 
Pelidesque Neoptolemus, primusque Machaon, 
Et Menelaus, et ipse doli fabricator Epeos. 
Invadunt urbem somno vinoque sepultam ; 265 

Caeduntur vigiles, portisque patentibus omnes 
Accipiunt socios atque agmina conscia jungunt. 

Tempus erat, quo prima quies mortalibus aegris 
Incipit, et dono divum gratissima serpit: 
In somnis, ecce, ante oculos maestissimus Hector 270 
Yisus adesse mihi, largosque effundere fletus, 
Raptatus bigis, ut quondam, aterque cruento 
Pulvere, perque pedes trajectus lora tumentes. 
Hei mihi, qualis erat! quantum mutatus ab illo 
Hectore, qui redit exuvias indutus Achilli, 275 

Vel Danaum Phrygios jaculatus puppibus ignes ! 
Squalentem barbam et concretos sanguine crines, 
Vulneraque ilia gerens, quae circum plurima muros 
Accepit patrios. Ultro flens ipse videbar 
Compellare virum et maestas expromere voces : 280 
" lux Dardaniae, spes o fidissima Teucrum, 
Quae tantae tenuere morae ? quibus Hector ab oris 
Exspectate venis ? ut te post multa tuorum 
Funera, post varios hominumque urbisque labores 
Defessi aspicimus ! quae causa indigna serenos 285 
Foedavit vultus ? aut cur haec vulnera cerno ? n 
Die nihil, nee me quaerentem vana moratur, 



38 VERGILI AENEIS II. 

Sed gravdter gemitus imo de pectore ducens, 

" Heufuge, nate dea, teque his" ait " eripe flammis. 

Hostis habet muros; ruit alta a culmine Troja. 29(1 

Sat patriae Priamoque datum. Si Pergama dextra 

Defendi possent, etiani hac defensa fuissent. 

Sacra suosque tibi commendat Troja Penates : 

Hos cape fatorum comites, his moenia quaere, 

Magna pererrato statues quae denique ponto." 295 

Sic ait, et manibus vittas Yestamque potentem 

Aeternumque adytis effert penetralibus ignem. 

Diverso interea miscentur moenia luctu, 
Et magis atque magis, quamquam secreta parentis 
Anchisae domus arboribusque obtecta recessit, 300 
Clarescunt sonitus, armorumque ingruit horror. 
Excutior somno, et summi fastigia tecti 
Ascensu supero, atque arrejctis auribus adsto : 
In segetem veluti quum flamma furentibus Austris 
Incidit, aut rapidus montano flumine torrens 305 

Sternit agros, sternit sata laeta boumque labores, 
Praecipitesque trahit silvas ; stupet inscius alto 
Accipiens sonitum saxi de vertice pastor. 
Turn vero manifesta fides, Danaumque patescunt 
Insidiae * jam Deiphobi dedit ampla ruinam 310 

Vulcanc superante domus, jam proximus ardet 
Ucalegon, Sigea igni freta lata relucent. 
Exoritur clamorque viriim clangorque tubarum. 
Arma amens capio ; nee sat rationis in armis, 
Sed glomerare manum bello et concurrere in arcem 315 
Cum sociis ardent animi ; furor iraque mentem 
Praecipitant, pulchrumque mori succurrit in armis. 

Ecce autem telis Panthus elapsus Achivum, 
Panthus Othryades, arcis Phoebique sacerdos, 
Sacra manu victosque deos parvumque nepotem 320 
Ipse trahit, cursuque amens ad limina tendit. 
" Quo res summa loco, Panthu ? quam prendimus 

arcem ? " 
Vix ea fatus eram, gemitu quum talia reddit : 



VERGILI AENEIS II. 39 

," Venit summa dies et ineluctabile tempus 
Dardaniae. Fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium et ingens 325 
Gloria Teucrorum ; ferus omnia Jupiter Argos 
Transtulit, incensa Danai dominantur in urbe. 
Arduus armatos mediis in moenibus adstans 
Fundit equus, victorque Sinon incendia miscet 
Insultans. Portis alii bipatentibus adsunt, 330 

Milia quot magnis umquam venere Mycenis ; 
Obsedere alii telis angusta viarum 
Oppositi ; stat ferri acies mucrone corusco 
Stricta, parata neci ; vix primi proelia tentant 
Portarum vigiles, et caeco Marte resistunt." 335 

Talibus Othryadae dictis et numine divum 
In flammas et in arma feror, quo tristis Erinys, 
Quo fremitus vocat et sublatus ad aethera clamor. 
Addunt se socios Ripheus et maximus armis 
Epytus, oblati per lunam, Hypanisque Dymasque, 340 
Et lateri agglomerant nostro, juvenisque Coroebus, 
Mygdonides : illis ad Trojam forte diebus 
Yenerat, insano Cassandrae incensus amore, 
Et gener auxilium Priamo Phrygibusque ferebat, 
Infelix, qui non sponsae praecepta furentis 345 

Audierit. 

Quos ubi confertos audere in proelia vidi, 
Incipio super his : " Juvenes, fortissima frustra 
Pectora, si vobis audentem extrema cupido 
Certa sequi, quae sit rebus fortuna, videtis. 350 

Excessere omnes, adytis arisque relictis, 
Di, quibus imperium hoe steterat ; succurritis urbi 
Incensae : moriamur, et in media arma ruamus. 
Una salus victis, null am sperare salutem." 
Sic animis juvenum furor additus. Inde, lupi ceu 355 
Raptores atra in nebula, quos improba ventris 
Exegit caecos rabies, catulique relicti 
Faucibus exspectant siccis, per tela, per hostes 
Yadimus haud dubiam in mortem, mediaeque tenemus 
Urbis iter ; nox atra cava circumvolat umbra. 360 

Quis cladem illius noctis, quis funera fando 



4.0 VERGILI AENEIS II. 

Explicet, aut possit lacrimis aequare labores ? 
TJrbs antiqua ruit, multos clominata per annos ; 
Plurima perque vias sternuntur inertia passim 
Corpora, perque domos et religiosa deorum 365 

Limina. Nee soli poenas dant sanguine Teucri ; 
Quondam etiam victis redit in praecordia virtus, 
Victoresque cadunt Danai. Crudelis ubique 
Luctus, ubique pavor, et plurima mortis imago. 

Primus se Danaimi, magna comitante caterva, 3T0 
Androgeos offert nobis, socia agmina credens, 
Inscius, atque ultro verbis compellat amicis : 
" Festinate, viri ! Nam quae tarn sera moratur 
Segnities ? Alii rapiunt incensa feruntque 
Pergama ; vos celsis nunc primum a navibus itis ? " 375 
Dixit, et extemplo (neque enim responsa dabantur 
Fida satis) sensit medios delapsus in hostes. 
Obstupuit, retroque pedem cum voce repressit. 
Improvisum aspris veluti qui sentibus anguem 
Pressit humi nitens, trepidusque repente refugit 380 
Attollentem iras et caerula colla tumentem ; 
Haud secus Androgeos visu tremefactus abibat. 
Irruimus, densis et circumfundimur armis, 
Ignarosque loci passim et formidine captos 
Sternimus : adspirat primo Fortuna labori. 385 

Atque hie successu exsultans animisque Coroebus 
tl O socii, qua prima " inquit " fortuna salutis 
Monstrat iter, quaque ostendit se dextra, sequamur : 
Mutemus clipeos, Danaumque insignia nobis 
Aptemus. Dolus, an virtus, quis in hoste requirat? 390 
Anna dabunt ipsi." Sic fatus, deinde comantem 
Androgei galeam clipeique insigne decorum 
Induitur, laterique Argivum accommodat ensem. 
Hoc Ripheus, hoc ipse Dyinas omnisque juventus 
Laeta facit ; spoliis se quisque recentibus armat. 395 
Yadimus immixti Danais haud numine nostro, 
Multaque per caecam congressi proelia noctem 
Conserimus, multos Danaum demittimus Oreo. 
Diffugiunt alii ad naves, et litora cursu 



VERGILI AENEIS II. 41 

Fida petunt ; pars ingentem formidine turpi 400 

Seandunt rursus equurn, et nota condimtur in alvo. 

Heii nihil invitis fas quemquam fidere divis ! 
Ecce trahebatur passis Prianieia virgo 
Crinibus a templo Cassandra adytisque Minervae, 
Ad caelum tendens ardentia lumina frustra, 405 

Lumina, nam teneras arcebant vincula palmas. 
Non tulit hanc speciem furiata mente Coroebus, 
Et sese medium injecit periturus in agmen. 
Consequimur cuncti et densis incurrimus armis. 
Hie primum ex alto delubri culmine telis 410 

Nostrorum obruimur, oriturque miserrima caedes 
Armorum facie et Graiarum errore jubarum. 
Turn Danai gemitu atque ereptae virginis ira 
Undique collecti invadunt, acerrimus Ajax, 
Et gemini Atridae, Dolopumque exercitus omnis: 415 
Adversi rupto ceu quondam turbine venti 
Confligunt, Zephyrusque Notusque et laetus Eois 
Eurus equis ; stridunt silvae, saevitque tridenti 
Spumeus atque imo Nereus ciet aequora fundo. 
Illi etiam, si quos obscura nocte per umbram 420 

Fudimus insidiis totaque agitavimus urbe, 
Apparent ; primi clipeos mentitaque tela 
Agnoscunt, atque ora sono discordia signant. 
Ilicet obruimur numero ; primusque Coroebus 
Penelei dextra divae armipotentis ad aram 425 

Procumbit ; cadit et Ripheus, justissimus unus 
Qui fuit in Teucris et servantissimus aequi ; 
(Dis aliter visum ;) pereunt Hypanisque Dymasque, 
Confixi a sociis ; nee te tua plurima, Panthu, 
Labentem pietas nee Apollinis infula texit. 430 

Iliaci cineres et flamma extrema meorum, 
Testor, in occasu vestro nee tela nee ullas 
Yitavisse vices Danaum, et, si fata fuissent, 
TJt caclerem, meruisse manu. Divellimur inde : 
Iphitus et Pelias mecum, quorum Iphitus aevo 435 
Jam gravior, Pelias et vulnere tardus Ulixi ; 
Protinus ad sedes Priami clamore vocati. 



42 VEEGILI AENEIS II. 

Hie vero ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam 
Bella forent, nulli tota morerentur in urbe, 
Sic Martem indomitum Danaosque ad tecta ruentes 440 
Cernimus, obsessumque acta testudine limen. 
Haerent parietibus scalae, postesque sub ipsos 
Nituntur gradibus, clipeosque ad tela sinistris 
Protecti objiciunt, prensant fastigia dextris. 
Dardanidae contra turres ac tota domoruni 445 

Culmina convellunt, (his se, quando ultima cernunt, 
Extrema jam in morte parant defendere telis,) 
Auratasque trabes, veterum decora alta parentum, 
Devolvunt ; alii strictis mucronibus imas 
Obsedere fores, has servant agmine denso. 450 

Instaurati animi, regis succurrere tectis, 
Auxilioque levare viros, vimque addere victis. 

Limen erat caecaeque fores et pervius usus 
Tectorum inter se Priami, postesque relicti 
A tergo, infelix qua se, dum regna manebant, 455 

Saepius Andromache ferre incomitata solebat 
Ad soceros, et avo puerum Astyanacta trahebat. 
Evado ad summi fastigia culminis, unde 
Tela manu miseri jactabant irrita Teucri. 
Turrim, in praecipiti stantem summisque sub astra 460 
Eductam tectis, unde omnis Troja videri 
Et Danaiim solitae naves et Achaica castra, 
Aggressi ferro circum, qua summa labantes 
Juncturas tabulata dabant, convellimus altis 
Sedibus, impulimusque : ea lapsa repente ruinam 465 
Cum sonitu trahit et Danaiim super agmina late 
Incidit. Ast alii subeunt, nee saxa nee ullum 
Telorum interea cessat genus. 

Vestibulum ante ipsum primoque in limine Pyrrhus 
Exsultat, telis et luce coruscus aena ; 470 

Qualis ubi in lucem coluber mala gramina pastus, 
Prigida sub terra tumidum quern bruma tegebat, 
Nunc positis novus exuviis nitidusque juventa, 
Lubrica convolvit sublato pectore terga, 



VERGILI AENEIS II. 43 

Aiduus ad solera, et Unguis micat ore trisulcis. 415 
Una ingens Periphas, et equorum agitator Achillis, 
Armiger Automedon, una omnis Scyria pubes 
Succedunt tecto, et flanimas ad culmina jactant. 
Ipse inter primos correpta dura bipenni 
Limina perrumpit, postesque a eardine vellit 480 

Aeratos ; jamque excisa trabe firm a cavavit 
Robora, et ingentem lato dedit ore fenestram. 
Apparet domus intus, et atria longa patescunt, 
Apparent Priami et veterum penetralia regum, 
Armatosque vident stantes in limine primo. 485 

At domus interior gemitu miseroque tumultu 
Miscetur, penitusque cavae plangoribus aedes 
Femineis ululant ; ferit aurea sidera clamor. 
Turn pavidae tectis matres ingentibus erran»t, 
Amplexaeque tenent postes atque oscula figunt. 490 
Instat vi patria Pyrrhus ; nee claustra neque ipsi 
Custodes sufferre valent ; labat ariete crebro 
Janua, et emoti procumbunt eardine postes ; 
Fit via vi : rumpunt aditus, primosque trucidant 
Immissi Danai, et late loca milite complent. 495 

Non sic, aggeribus ruptis quum spumeus amnis 
Exiit oppositasque evicit gurgite moles, 
Fertur in arva furens cumulo, camposque per omnes 
Cum stabulis armenta trahit. Vidi ipse furentem 
Caede Neoptolemum geminosque in limine Atridas ; 500 
Vidi Hecubam centumque nurus, Priamumque per 

aras 
Sanguine foedantem quos ipse sacraverat ignes. 
Quinquaginta illi thalami, spes ampla nepotum, 
Barbarico postes auro spoliisque superbi, 
Procubuere ; tenent Danai, qua deficit ignis. 505 

Forsitan et Priami fuerint quae fata requiras. 
TJrbis uti captae casum convulsaque vidit 
Limina tectorum et medium in penetralibus hostem, 
Arma diu senior desueta trementibus aevo 
Circumdat nequidquam humeris, et inutile ferrum 510 



44 VERGILI AENEIS II. 

Cingitur, ac densos fertur moriturus in hostes. 

Aedibus in mediis nudoque sub aetheris axe 

Ingens ara fait, juxtaque veterrima laurus, 

Incumbens arae atque umbra complexa Penates : 

Hie Hecuba et natae nequidquam altaria circurn, 515 

Praecipites atra ceu tempestate columbae, 

Condensae et divuni amplexae simulacra sedebant. 

Ipsum autem sumptis Priamum juvenalibus armis 

Ut vidit, " Quae mens tarn dira, miserrime conjunx, 

Impulit his cingi telis, aut quo ruis ? " inquit. 520 

" Non tali auxilio nee defensoribus istis 

Tempus eget ; non, si ipse meus nunc afforet Hector. 

Hue tandem concede; haee ara tuebitur omnes, 

Aut moriere simul." Sic ore effata, recepit 

Ad sese et sacra longaevum in sede locavit. 525 

Ecce autem elapsus Pyrrhi de caede Polites, 
Unus natorum Priami, per tela, per hostes 
Porticibus longis fugit, et vacua atria lustrat 
Saucius ; ilium ardens infesto vulnere Pyrrhus 
Insequitur, jam jamque manu tenet et premit hasta ; 530 
Ut tandem ante oculos evasit et ora parentum, 
Concidit, ac multo vitam cum sanguine fudit. 
Hie Priamus, quamquam in media jam morte tenetur, 
Non tamen abstinuit, nee voci iraeque pepercit ; 
"At tibi pro scelere," exclamat, "pro talibus ausis, 535 
Di, si qua est caelo pietas, quae talia curet, 
Persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant 
Debita, qui nati coram me cernere letum 
Fecisti et patrios foedasti funere vultus. 
At non ille, satum quo te mentiris, Achilles 540 

Talis in hoste fuit Priamo ; sed jura fidemque 
Supplicis erubuit, corpusque exsangue sepulchro 
Reddidit Hectoreum, meque in mea regna remisit." 
Sic fatus senior, telumque imbelle sine ictu 
Conjecit, rauco quod protinus aere repulsum 545 

Et siimmo ^lipei nequidquam umbone pependit. 
Cui Pyrrhus : " Re feres ergo haee et nuntius ibis 
Pelidae genitori ; illi mea tristia facta 






VERGILI AENEIS II. 45 

Degeneremque Neoptolemum narrare memento : 
Nunc morere." Hoc dicens, altaria ad ipsa tre- 
mentem 550 

Traxit et in multo lapsantem sanguine nati, 
Implicuitque comam laeva, dextraque coruseum 
Extulit ac lateri capulo tenus abdidit ensem. 
Haec finis Priami; fatorum hie exitus ilium 
Sorte tulit, Trojam incensam et prolapsa videntem 555 
Pergarua, tot quondam populis terrisque superbum 
Regnatorem Asiae. Jacet ingens litore truncus, 
Avulsumque humeris caput, et sine nomine corpus. 

At me turn primum saevus circumstetit horror. 
Obstupui ; subiit cari genitoris imago, 560 

Ut regem aequaevum crudeli vulnere vidi 
Vitam exhalantem ; subiit deserta Creiisa, 
Et direpta domus, et parvi casus Iuli. 
Respicio, et, quae sit me circum copia, lustro. 
Deseruere omnes defessi, et corpora saltu 565 

Ad terram misere aut ignibus aegra dedere. 

[Jamque adeo super unuseram,quumliminaVestae 
Servantem et tacitam secreta in sede latentem 
Tyndarida aspicio ; dant clara incendia lucem 
Erranti passimque oculos per cuncta ferenti. 5 TO 

Ilia sibi infestos eversa ob Pergama Teucros, 
Et poenas Danaum, et deserti conjugis iras 
Praemetuens, Trojae et patriae communis Erinys, 
Abdiderat sese atque aris invisa sedebat. 
Exarsere ignes animo ; subit ira cadentem 5T5 

Ulcisci patriam et sceleratas sumere poenas. 
" Scilicet haec Spartam incolumis patriasque Mycenas 
Aspiciet, partoque ibit regina triumpho, 
Conjugiumque domumque patres natosque videbit, 
Iliadum turba et Phrygiis comitata ministris ? 580 

Occident ferro Priamus ? Troja arserit igni ? 
Dardanium toties sudarit sanguine litus ? 
Non ita : namque etsi nullum memorabile nomen 
Feminea in poena est nee habet victoria laudem, 



46 VERGILI AENEIS II. 

Exstinxisse nefas tamen et sumpsisse merentis 585 

Laudabor poenas, animumque explesse juvabit 

Ultricis flammae, et cineres satiasse meorum." 

Talia jactabam, et furiata mente ferebar,] 

Quum mihi se, non ante oculis tam clara, videndam 

Obtulit et pura per noctem in luce refulsit 590 

Alma parens, confessa deani, qualisque videri 

Caelicolis et quanta solet, dextraque prehensum 

Continuit, roseoque haec insuper addidit ore : 

" Nate, quis indomitas tantus dolor excitat iras ? 

Quid furis ? aut quonam nostri tibi cura recessit? 595 

Non prius aspicies, ubi fessum aetate parentem 

Liqueris Anchisen, superet conjunxne Creiisa 

Ascaniusque puer ? quos omnes undique Graiae* 

Cireum errant acies, et, ni mea cura resistat, 

Jam flammae tulerint inimicus et hauserit ensis. 600 

Non tibi Tyndaridis facies invisa Lacaenae 

Culpatusve Paris ; divum inclementia, divum, 

Has evertit opes sternitque a culmine Trojam. 

Aspice, (namque omnem, quae nunc obducta tuenti 

Mortales hebetat visus tibi et humida cireum 605 

Caligat, nubem eripiam ; tu ne qua parentis 

Jussa time, neu praeceptis parere recusa !) 

Hie, ubi disjectas moles avulsaque saxis 

Saxa vides, mixtoque undantem pulvere fumura, 

Neptunus muros magnoque emota tridenti 610 

Fundamenta quatit, totamque a sedibus urbem 

Eruit ; hie Juno Scaeas saevissima portas 

Prima tenet, sociumque furens a navibus agmen 

Ferro accincta vocat. 

Jam summas arces Tritonia, respice, Pallas 615 

Insedit, limbo effulgens et Gorgone saeva ; 

Ipse Pater Danais animos viresque secundas 

Sufficit, ipse deos in Dardana suscitat arma. 

Eripe, nate, fugam, finemque impone labori. 

Nusquam abero, et tutum patrio te limine sistam." 620 

Dixerat, et spissis noctis se condidit umbris ; 

Apparent dirae facies, inimicaque Trojae 

Numina magna deum. 



VERGILI AENEIS II. 47 

Turn vero omne mihi visum considere in ignes 
Ilium, et ex imo verti JSeptunia Troja ; 625 

Ac veluti summis antiquam in montibus ornum 
Quum ferro accisam crebrisque bipennibus instant 
Eruere agricolae certatim ; ilia usque minatur 
Et tremefacta com am concusso vertice nutat, 
Yulneribus donee paulatim evicta supremum 630 

Congemuit traxitque jugis avulsa ruinam. 
Descendo, ac ducente deo flammam inter et hostes 
Expedior : dant tela locum, flammaeque recedunt. 

Atque ubi jam patriae perventum ad limina sedis 
Antiquasque domos, genitor, quern tollere in altos 635 
Optabam primum montes primumque petebam, 
Abnegat excisa vitam producere Troja 
Exsiliumque pati. " Yos o, quibus integer aevi 
Sanguis," ait, " solidaeque suo stant robore vires, 
Yos agitate fugam ; 640 

Me si caelicolae voluissent ducere vitam, 
Has mihi servassent sedes. Satis una superque" 
Yidimus excidia et captae superavimus urbi. 
Sic o, sic positum affati discedite corpus. 
Ipse manu mortem inveniam ; miserebitur hostis 645 
Exuviasque petet. Facilis jactura sepulchri. 
Jam pridem invisus divis et inutilis annos 
Demoror, ex quo me divum pater atque hominum rex 
Fulminis afflavit ventis et contigit igni." 

Talia perstabat memorans, fixusque manebat ; 650 
Nos contra effusi lacrimis conjunxque Creiisa 
Ascaniusque omnisque domus, ne vertere secum 
Cuncta pater fatoque urgenti incumbere vellet. 
Abnegat, inceptoque et sedibus haeret in isdem. 
Rursus in arma feror, mortemque miserrimus opto. 655 
Nam quod consilium aut quae jam fortuna dabatur? 
" Mene efferre pedem, genitor, te posse relicto 
Sperasti, tantumque nefas patrio excidit ore ? 
Si nihil ex tanta superis placet urbe relinqui, 
Et sedet hoc animo, perituraeque addere Trojae 660 



48 VERGTLI AENEIS II. 

Teque tuosque juvat, patet isti janua leto, 
Jam.que aderit multo Priami de sanguine Pyrrhus, 
Gnatum ante ora patris, patrem qui obtruncat ad aras. 
Hoc erat, alma parens, quod me per tela, per ignes 
Bripis, ut mediis hostem in penetralibus, utque 665 
Ascanium patremque meum juxtaque Creiisam, 
Alterum in alterius mactatos sanguine cernam ? 
Arma, viri, ferte arma ; vocat lux ultima victos ! 
Reddite me Danais ! sinite instaurata revisam 
Proelia ! Numquam omnes hodie moriemur inulti." 6T0 
Hinc ferro accingor rursus, clipeoque sinistram 
Insertabam aptans meque extra tecta ferebam ; 
Ecce autem complexa pedes in limine conjunx 
Haerebat, parvumque patri tendebat Iulum : 
" Si periturus abis, et nos rape in omnia tecum ; 6? 5 
Sin aliquam expertus sumptis spem ponis in armis, 
Hanc primum tutare domum. Cui parvus lulus, 
Cui pater et conjunx quondam tua dicta relinquor? n 

Talia vociferans gemitu tectum omne replebat, 
Quum subitum dictuque oritur mirabile monstrum. 680 
Namque manus inter maestorumque ora parentum 
Ecce levis summo de vertice visus Iuli 
Fundere lumen apex, tactuque innoxia molles 
Lambere flamma comas et circum tempora pasci. 
Nos pavidi trepidare metu, crinemque flagrantem 685 
Excutere et sanctos restinguere fontibus ignes. 
At pater Anchises oculos ad sidera laetus 
Extulit, et caelo palmas cum voce tetendit : 
" Jupiter omnipotens, precibus si flecteris ullis, 
Aspice nos hoc tantum ; et, si pietate meremur, 690 
Da deinde auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma." 
Yix ea fatus erat senior, subitoque fragore 
Intonuit laevum, et de caelo lapsa per umbras 
Stella facem ducens multa cum luce cucurrit. 
Illam, summa super labentem culmina tecti, 695 

Cernimus Idaea claram se condere silva, 
Signantenique vias ; turn longo limite sulcus 
D-at lucem, et late circum loca sulfure fumant. 



VERGILI AENEIS II. 49 

ITic vero victus genitor se tollit ad auras, 

Affaturque deos et sanctum sidus adorat. 700 

" Jam jam nulla mora est ; sequor, et, qua ducitis, adsum. 

Di patrii, servate domum, servate nepotem ! 

Vestrum hoc augurium, vestroque in numine Troja est. 

Cedo equidern, nee, nate, tibi comes ire recuso." 

Dixerat ille, et jam per nioenia clarior ignis 705 

Auditur, propiusque aestus incendia volvunt. 

" Ergo age, care pater, cervici imponere nostrae ; 

Ipse subibo humeris, nee me labor iste gravabit. 

Quo res cumque cadent, unum et commune periclum, 

Una salus ambobus erit. Mihi parvus lulus 710 

Sit comes, et longe servet vestigia conjunx. 

Vos, famuli, quae dicam, animis advertite vestris. 

Est urbe egressis tumulus templumque vetustum 

Desertae Cereris, juxtaque antiqua cupressus 

Religione patrum multos servata per annos ; 715 

Hanc ex diverso sedem veniemus in unam. 

Tu, genitor, cape sacra manu patriosque Penates ; 

Me, bello e tanto digressum et caede recenti, 

Attrectare nefas, donee me flumine vivo 

Abluero." 720 

Haec fatus, latos humeros subjectaque colla 
Veste super fulvique insternor pelle leonis, 
Succedoque oneri ; dextrae se parvus lulus 
Implicuit, sequiturque patrem non passibus aequis ; 
Pone subit conjunx. Ferimur per opaca locorum ; 725 
Et me, quern dudum non ulla injecta movebant 
Tela neque adverso glomerati ex agmine Grail, 
Nunc omnes terrent aurae, sonus excitat omnis 
Suspensum et pariter comitique onerique timentem. 

Jamque propinquabam portis, omnemque videbar 730 
Evasisse viam, subito quum creber ad aures 
Visus adesse pedum sonitus, genitorque per umbram 
Prospiciens " Nate," exclamat, " fuge, nate ; propin- 

quant. 
Ardentes clipeos atque aera micantia cerno." 
Hie mihi nescio quod trepido male numen amicum 735 
4 Vir. 



50 VERGILI AENEIS II. 

Confusam eripuit mentem : namque avia cursu 
Dum sequor et nota excedo regione viarum, 
Heu, misero conjunx fato mi erepta Creiisa. 
Substitit, erravitne via, seu lassa resedit, 
Incertum : nee post oculis est reddita nostris.. 740 

Nee prius amissam respexi animumve reflexi, 
Quam tumulum antiquae Cereris sedemque sacratam 
Yenimus ; hie demum collectis omnibus una 
Defuit, et comites natumque virumque fefeliit. 
Quern non incusavi aniens hominumque deorumque, 745 
Aut quid in eversa vidi crudelius urbe ? 
Ascanium Anchisenque patrem Teucrosque Penates 
Commendo sociis, et curva valle recondo ; 
[Ipse urbem repeto, et cingor fulgentibus armis :] 
Stat casus renovare omnes, omnemque reverti 750 

Per Trojam, et rursus caput objectare periclis. 
Principio muros obscuraque limina portae, 
Qua gressum extuleram, repeto, et vestigia retro 
Observata sequor per noctem et lumine lustro. 
Horror ubique animo, simul ipsa silentia terrent. 755 
Inde domum, si forte pedem — si forte ! — tulisset, 
Me refero. Irruerant Danai, et tectum omne tenebant. 
Ilicet ignis edax summa ad fastigia vento 
Yolvitur ; exsuperant flammae, furit aestus ad auras. 
Procedo et Priami sedes arcemque reviso. 760 

Et jam porticibus vacuis Junonis asylo 
Custodes lecti Phoenix et dirus Ulixes 
Praedam asservabant : hue undique Tro'ia gaza 
Incensis erepta adytis, mensaeque deorum, 
Crateresque auro solidi, captivaque vestis 765 

Congeritur ; pueri et pavidae longo ordine matres 
Stant circum. 

Ausus quin etiam voces jactare per umbram, 
Inplevi clamore vias, maestusque Creiisam 
Nequidquam ingeminans iterumque iterumque vocavi.7 70 
Quaerenti et tectis urbis sine fine ruenti, 
Infelix simulacrum atque ipsius umbra Creiisae 
Y:sa mihi ante oculos et nota major imago. 
Obstupui, steteruntque comae et vox faucibus haesit. 



VERGILI AENEIS II. 5J 

[Turn sic affari et curas his demere dictis:] ttfi 

11 Quid tantum insano juvat indulgere dolori, 

dulcis conjunx? non haec sine numine divum 

Eveniunt ; nee te hinc comitem asportare Creusam 

Fas, aut'ille sinit superi regnator Olympi. 

Longa tibi exsilia, et vastum maris aequor arandum : 780 

Et terram Hesperiam venies, ubi Lydius arva 

Inter opima viriim leni fiuit agmine Thybris. 

Illic res laetae regnumque et regia conjunx 

Parta tibi : lacrimas dilectae pelle Creiisae. 

Non ego Myrmidonum sedes Dolopumve superbas 785 

Aspiciam, aut Graiis servitum matribus ibo, 

Dardanis, et divae Veneris nurus ; 

Sed me magna deiim genetrix his detinet oris. 

Jamque vale, et nati serva communis amorem." 

Haec ubi dicta dedit, lacrimantem et multa volentem 790 

Dicere deseruit, tenuesque recessit in auras. 

Ter conatus ibi collo dare brachia circum ; 

Ter frustra comprensa manus effugit imago, 

Par levibus ventis volucrique simillima somno. 

Sic demum socios consumpta nocte reviso. 795 

Atque hie ingentem comitum affluxisse novorum 
Invenio admirans numerum, matresque virosque, 
Collectam exsilio pubem, miserabile vulgus. 
TJndique convenere, animis opibusque parati, 
In quascumque velim pel ago deducere terras. 800 

Jamque jugis summae surgebat Lucifer Idae 
Ducebatque diem, Danaique obsessa tenebant 
Limina portarum, nee spes opis ulla dabatur; 
Cessi et sublato montes genitore petivi" 




P. TERGILI MARONIS 

A E N E I 1) S 

LIBER TERTIUS. 

' Postqxjam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem 
Immeritam visum superis, ceciditque superbum 
Ilium et omnis humo fumat Neptunia Troja, 
Diversa exsilia et desertas quaerere terras 
Auguriis agimur divum, classemque sub ipsa 5 

Antandro et Phrygiae molimur montibus Idae, 
Incerti, quo fata ferant, ubi sistere detur, 
Contrahimusque viros. Yix prima inceperat aestas, 
Et pater Anchises dare fatis vela jubebat: 
Litora quum patriae lacrimans portusque relinquo 10 
Et campos, ubi Troja fuit. Feror exsul in altum 
Cum sociis gnatoque Penatibus et magnis dis. 

Terra procul vastis colitur Mavortia campis, 
(Thraces arant,) acri quondam regnata Lycurgo, 
Hospitium antiquum Trojae, sociique Penates, 15 

Dum fortuna fuit. Feror hue, et lit ore curvo 
Moenia prima loco, fatis ingressus iniquis, 
Aeneadasque meo nomen de nomine fingo. 

Sacra Dionaeae matri divisque ferebam 
Auspicibus coeptorum operum, superoque nitentem 20 
Caelicolum regi mactabam in litore taurum. 
Forte fuit juxta tumulus, quo cornea summo 

(52) 



VERGILI AENE1S III. 53 

Virgulta et densis hastilibus horrida myrtus. 
Aecessi, viridemque ab humo convellere silvam 
Conatus, ramis tegerem ut frondentibus aras, 25 

Horrendum et dictu video mirabile monstrum,, 
Nam quae prima solo ruptis radicibus arbps 
Vellitur, huic atro liquuntur sanguine guttae, 
Et terram tabo maculant. Mihi frigidus horror 
Membra quatit, gelidusque coit formidine sanguis. 30 
Rursus et alterius lentum convellere vimen 
Insequor, et causas penitus tentare latentes ; 
Ater et alterius sequitur de cortice sanguis. 
Multa movens amnio, Nymphas venerabar agrestes 
Gradivumque patrem, Geticis qui praesidet arvis, 35 
Rite secundarent visus omenque levarent. 
Tertia sed postquam majore hastilia nisu 
Aggredior genibusque adversae obluctor arenae, 
(Eloquar, an sileam ?) gemitus lacrimabilis imo 
Auditur tumulo, et vox reddita fertur ad aures : 40 

" Quid miserum, Aenea, laceras ? Jam parce sepulto, 
Parce pias scelerare manus : non me tibi Troja 
Externum tulit, aut cruor hie de stipite manat, 
Heu fuge crudeles terras, fuge litus avarum : 
Nam Polydorus ego. Hie confixum ferrea texit 45 
Telorum «eges et jaculis inerevit aeutis." 
Turn vero ancipiti mentem formidine pressus 
Obstupui, steteruntque comae et vox faucibus haesit. 

Hunc Polydorum auri quondam cumponderemagno 
Infelix Priamus furtim mandarat alendum 50 

Threicio regi, quum jam diffideret armis 
Dardaniae, cingique urbem obsidione videret. 
Ille, ut opes fractae Teucrum, et Fortuna recessit, 
Res Agamemnonias victriciaque arma secutus, 
Fas omne abrumpit, Polydorum obtruncat, et auro 55 
Vi potitur. Quid non mortalia pectora cogis, 
Auri sacra fames ! Postquam pavor ossa reliquit, 
Delectos populi ad proceres primumque parentem 
Monstra deum refero, et quae sit sententia posco. 
Omnibus idem animus, scelerata excedere terra, 60 



54 VEKGILI AENE1S III. 

Linqui pollutum hospitium, et dare classibus austros. 
Ergo instauramus Polydoro funus, et ingens 
Aggeritur tuniulo tellus ; stant Manibus arae, 
Caeruleis maestae vittis atraque cupresso, 
Et circum Iliades crinem de more solutae ; 65 

Inferimus tepido spumantia cymbia lacte 
Sanguinis et sacri pateras, animamque sepulchro 
Condimus, et magna supremum voce eiemus. 

Inde, ubi prima fides pelago, placataque venti 
Dant maria, et lenis crepitans vocat auster in altum, 70 
Deducunt socii naves et litora complent. 
Provehimur portu, terraeque urbesque recedunt. - 
Sacra mari colitur medio gratissima tellus 
Nereidum matri et Neptuno Aegaeo, 
Quam pius Arcitenens, oras et litora circum 75 

Errantem, Mycono e eels a Gyaroque revinxit, 
Immotamque coli dedit et contemnere ventos : 
Hue feror ; haec fessos tuto placidissima portu 
Accipit. Egressi veneramur Apollinis urbem. 
Rex Anius, rex idem hominum Phoebique sacerdos, 80 
Yittis et sacra redimitus tempora lauro, 
Occurrit ; veterem Anchisen agnovit amicum. 
Jungimus hospitio dextras, et tecta subimus. 

Templa dei saxo venerabar structa vetusto ; * 
" Da propriam, Thymbraee, domum ! Damoeniafessis85 
Et genus et mansurara urbem ! Serva altera Trojae 
Pergama, reliquias Danaum atque immitis Achilli. 
Quern sequimur ? quove ire jubes, ubi ponere sedes ? 
Da, pater, augurium, atque animis illabere nostris ! " 
Yix ea fatus eram ; tremere omnia visa repente, 90 
Liminaque laurusque dei, totusque moveri 
Mons circum, et mugire adytis cortina reclusis. 
Summissi petimus terram, et vox fertur ad aures : 
" Dardanidae duri, quae vos a stirpe parentum 
Prima tulit tellus, eadem vos ubere laeto 95 

Accipiet reduces. Antiquam exquirite matrera. 
Hie domus Aeneae cunctis dominabitur oris, 



VERGILI AENEIS III. 55 

Et nati natorum, et qui nascentur ab illis." 
Haec Phoebus ; mixtoque ingens exorta tumultu 
Laetitia, et cuncti quae sint ea moenia quaerunt, 100 
Quo Phoebus vocet errantes jubeatque reverti. 
Turn genitor, veterum volvens monumenta virorum, 
"Audite, o proceres," ait "et spes discite vestras. 
Creta Jovis magni medio jacet insula ponto, 
Mons Idaeus ubi, et gentis cunabula nostrae ; 105 

Centum urbes habitant niagnas, uberrima regna : 
Maximus unde pater, si rite audita recordor, 
Teucrus Rhoeteas primum est advectus ad eras, 
Optavitque locum regno. Nondum Ilium et arces 
Pergameae steterant; habitabant vallibus imis. 110 
Hinc mater cultrix Cybeli, Corybantiaque aera, 
Idaeumque nemus ; hinc fida silentia sacris, 
Et juncti currum dominae subiere leones. 
Ergo agite, et, divfim ducunt qua jussa, sequamur, 
Placemus ventos, et Gnosia regna petamus I 115 

Nee longo distant cursu : modo Jupiter adsit, 
Tertia lux classem Cretaeis sistet in oris. ,, 
Sic fatus, meritos aris mactavit honores, 
Taurum Neptuno, taurum tibi, pulcher Apollo, 
Nigram Hiemi pecudem, Zephyris felicibus albam. 120 

Fama volat, pulsum regnis cessisse paternis 
Idomenea ducem, desertaque litora Cretae, 
Hoste vacare domum, sedesque adstare relictas. 
Linquimus Ortygiae portus, pelagoque volamus, 
Bacchatamque jugis Naxon, viridemque Donusam, 125 
Olearon, niveamque Paron, sparsasque per aequor 
Cycladas, et crebris legimus freta concita terris. 
Nauticus exoritur vario certamine clamor; 
Hortantur socii, " Cretam proavosque petamus ; " 
Prosequitur surgens a puppi ventus euntes, 130 

Et tandem antiquis Curetum allabimur oris. 
Ergo avidus muros optatae molior urbis, 
Pergameamque voco, et laetam cognomine gentem 
Hortor amare focos arcemque attollere tectis. 
Jamque fere [sicco subductae litore puppes ;] 135 



56 VKRGILI AENEIS III. 

Conmibiis arvisque novis operata juventus ; 

Jura domosque dabain : subito quum tabida membris, 

Corrupto caeli tractu, miserandaque venit 

Arboribusque satisque lues et letifer annus. 

Linquebant dulces animas, aut aegra trahebant 140 

Corpora ; turn steriles exurere Sirius agros ; 

Arebant herbae, et victum seges aegra negabat. 

Rursus ad oraclum Ortygiae Phoebumque remenso 

Hortatur pater ire mari, veniamque precari, 

Quam fessis finem rebus ferat, unde laborum 145 

Tentare auxilium jubeat, quo vertere cursus. 

Nox erat, et terris anirnalia somnus habebat: 
Effigies sacrae divum Phrygiique Penates, 
Quos mecum ab Troja mediisque ex ignibus urbis 
Extuleram, visi ante oculos adstare jacentis 150 

In somnis, multo manifesti lumine, qua se 
Plena per insertas fundebat luna fenestras ; 
Turn sic affari et curas his demere dictis : 
" Quod tibi delato Ortygiani dicturus Apollo est, 
Hie canit, et tua nos en ultro ad limina mittit. 155 

Nos te, Dardania incensa, tuaque arma secuti, 
Nos tumidum sub te permensi classibus aequor, 
Idem venturos tollemus in astra nepotes, 
Imperiumque urbi dabimus : tu moenia magnis 
Magna para, longumque fugae ne linque laboreni. 160 
Mutandae sedes : non haec tibi litora suasit 
Delius, aut Cretae jussit considere, Apollo. 
Est locus, Hesperiarn Graii cognomine dicunt, 
Terra antiqua, potens armis atque ubere glebae, 
(Oenotri coluere viri; nunc fama, niinores 165 

Italiam dixisse ducis de nomine gentem :) 
Hae nobis propriae sedes, hinc Dardanus ortus 
Iasiusque pater, genus a quo principe nostrum. 
Surge age, et haec laetus longaevo dicta parenti 
Haud dubitanda refer : Corythum terrasque requirat 1 70 
Ausonias : Dictaea negat tibi Jupiter arva." 
Talibus attonitus visis ac voce deorum, 
'Nee sopor illud erat, sed coram agnoscere vultus 



VERGILI AEJSEIS III. 57 

Velatasque comas praesentiaque ora videbar ; 

Turn gelidus toto manabat corpore sudor,) 175 

Corripio e stratis corpus, tendoque supinas 

Ad caelum cum voce manus, et munera libo 

Intemerata focis. Perfecto laetus honore 

Anchisen facio certum, remque ordine pando. 

Agnovit prolem ambiguam geminosque parentes, 180 

Seque novo veterum deceptum errore locorum. 

Turn memorat : " Nate, Iliacis exercite fatis, 

Sola mihi tales casus Cassandra canebat ; 

Nunc repeto haec generi portendere debita nostro, 

Et saepe Hesperiam, saepe Itala regna vocare. 185 

Sed quis ad Hesperiae venturos litora Teucros 

Crederet? aut quern turn vates Cassandra moveret? 

Cedamus Phoebo, et moniti meliora sequamur ! " 

Sic ait, et cuncti dicto paremus ovantes. 

Hanc quoque deserimus sedem, paucisque relictis 190 

Vela damus, vastumque cava trabe currimus aequor. 

Postquam altum tenuere rates, nee jam amplius ullae 
Apparent terrae, caelum undique et undique pontus, 
Turn mihi caeruleus supra caput adstitit imber, 
Noctem hiememque ferens, etinhorruit unda tenebris. 195 
Continuo venti volvunt mare magnaque surgunt 
Aequora ; dispersi jactamur gurgite vasto. 
Involvere diem nimbi, et nox humida caelum 
Abstulit ; ingeminant abruptis nubibus ignes. 
Excutimur cursu, et caecis erramus in undis. 200 

Ipse diem noctemque negat discernere caelo, 
Nee meminisse viae media Palinurus in unda. 
Tres adeo incertos caeca caligine soles 
Erramus pelago, totidem sine sidere noctes; 
Quarto terra die primum se attollere tandem 205 

Visa, aperire procul montes, ac volvere fumum. 
Vela cadunt, remis insurgimus ; haud mora, nautae 
Annixi torquent spumas et caerula verrunt. 
Servatum ex undis Strophadum me litora primum 
Accipiunt. Strophades Graio stant nomine dictae 210 
Insulae Ionio in magno, quas dira Celaeno 



68 VERGILI AENEIS III. 

Harpyiaeque colunt aliae, Phineia postquam 

Clausa dornus, mensasque motu liquere priores. 

Tristius haud illis monstrum ; nee saevior ulla 

Pestis et ira deum Stygiis sese extulit undis. 215 

Virginei volucrum vultus, foedissinia ventris 

Proluvies, uncaeque manus, et pallida semper 

Ora fame. 

Hue ubi delati portus intravimus, ecce 

Laeta bourn passim campis armenta videmus 220 

Caprigenumque pecus, nullo custode, per herbas. 

Irruimus ferro, et divos ipsumque vocamus 

In partem praedamque Jovem ; turn litore curvo 

Exstruimusque toros, dapibusque epulamur opimis. 

At subitae horrifico lapsu de montibus adsunt 225 

Harpyiae et magnis quatiunt clangoribus alas, 

Diripiuntque dapes, contactuque omnia foedant 

Immundo ; turn vox taetrum dira inter odorein. 

Rursum in secessu longo sub rupe cavata, 

[Arboribus clausi circum atque horrentibus umbris,] 230 

Instruimus mensas, arisque reponimus ignem ; 

Rursum ex di verso caeli caecisque latebris 

Turba sonans praedam pedibus circumvolat uncis, 

Polluit ore dapes. Sociis tunc, arma capessant, 

Edico, et dira bellum cum gente gerendum. 235 

Haud secus ac jussi faciunt, tectosque per herbam 

Disponunt enses et scuta latentia condunt. 

Ergo ubi delapsae sonitum per curva dedere 

Litora, dat signum specula Misenus ab alta 

Aere cavo. Invadunt socii, et nova proelia tentant, 240 

Obscenas pelagi ferro foedare volucres. 

Sed neque vim plumis ullam nee vulnera tergo 

Accipiunt, celerique fuga sub sidera lapsae 

Semiesam praedam et vestigia foeda relinquunt. 

Una in praecelsa consedit rupe Celaeno, 245 

Infelix vates, rumpitque hanc pectore vocem : 

" Bellum etiam pro caede bourn stratisque juveacis, 

Laomedontiadae, bellumne inferre paratis, 

Et patrio Harpyias insontes pellere regno ? 

Accipite.ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta, 250 

Quae Phoebo pater omnipotens, mihi Phoebus Apollo 



VERGILI AENEIS III. 59 

Praedixit, vobis Furiarum ego maxima pando. 

Italiam cursu petitis : ventisque vocatis 

Ibitis Italiam, portusque intrare licebit ; 

Sed non ante datam cingetis moenibus urbem, 255 

Quam vos dira fames nostraeque injuria caedis 

Ambesas subigat malis absumere mensas." 

Dixit, et in silvam pennis ablata refugit. 

At sociis subita gelidus formidine sanguis 

Deriguit: cecidere animi; nee jam amplius armis, 260 

Sed votis precibusque jubent exposcere pacem, 

Sive deae, seu sint dirae obscenaeque volucres ; 

Et pater Anchises passis de litore palmis 

Numina magna vocat, meritosque indicit honores : 

11 Di, prohibete minas ; di, talem avertite casum, 265 

Et placidi servate pios ! " ; turn litore funem 

Deripere, excussosque jubet laxare rudentes. 

Tendunt vela Noti ; fugimus spumantibus undis, 
Qua cursum ventusque gubernatorque vocabat. 
Jam medio apparet fluctu nemorosa Zacynthos, 270 
Dulichiumque, Sanieque, et Neritos ardua saxis. 
Effugimus scopulos Ithacae, Laertia regna, 
Et terram altricem saevi exsecramur Ulixi. 
Mox et Leucatae nimbosa cacumina montis, 
Et formidatus nautis aperitur Apollo. 275 

Hunc petimus fessi, et parvae succedimus urbi ; 
Anchor a de prora jacitur, stant litore puppes. 

Ergo insperata tandem tellure potitl, 
Lustramurque Jovi, votisque incendimus aras, 
Actiaque Iliacis celebramus litora ludis. 280 

Exercent patrias oleo labente palaestras 
Nudati socii : juvat evasisse tot urbes 
Argolicas, mediosque fugam tenuisse per hostes. 
Interea magnum sol circumvolvitur annum, 
Et glacialis hiemps aquilonibus asperat undas. 285 

Aere cavo clipeum, magni gestamen Abantis, 
Postibus adversis figo, et rem carmine signo : 

"AENEAS HAEC DE DANAIS VICTORIBUS ARMA"; 

Linquere turn portus jubeo et considere transtris. 



60 VERGILI AENEIS III. 

Certatim socii feriunt mare et aequora verrunt. 290 
Protinus aerias Phaeacum abscondimus arces, 
Litoraque Epiri legimus, portuque subimus 
Chaonio et celsam Buthroti accedimus urbem. 

Hie incredibilis rerum fama occupat anres, 
Priamidea Helenuui Graias regnare per urbes, 295 

Conjugio Aeacidae Pyrrhi sceptrisque potitum, 
Et patrio Andromachen iterum cessisse marito. 
Obstupui, miroque incensum pectus amore, 
Compellare virum et casus cognoscere tantos. 
Progredior portu, classes et litora linquens, 300 

Sollemnes quum forte dapes et tristia dona 
Ante urbem in luco falsi Simoentis ad undam 
Libabat cineri Andromache, Manesque vocabat 
Hectoreum ad tumulum, viridi quern cespite inanem 
Et geminas, causam lacrimis, sacraverat aras. 305 

Ut me conspexit venientem et Troia circum 
Arma amens vidit, magnis exterrita monstris 
Deriguit visu in medio, calor ossa reliquit, 
Labitur, et longo vix tandem tempore fatur : 
" Verane te facies, verus mihi nuntius affers, 310 

Nate dea? vivisne? aut, si lux alma recessit, 
Hector ubi est ? " Dixit, lacrimasque effudit et omnem 
Implevit clamore locum. Yix pauca furenti 
Subjicio et raris turbatus vocibus hisco : 
" Yivo equidem, vitamque extrema per omnia duco. 315 
Ne dubita : nam vera vides. 
Heu, quis te casus dejectam conjuge tanto 
Excipit, aut quae digna satis fortuna revisit, 
Hectoris Andromache ? Pyrrhin' connubia servas ? " 
Dejecit vultum et demissa voce locuta est : 320 

" O felix una ante alias Priameia virgo, 
Hostilem ad tumulum Trojae sub moenibus altis 
Jussa mori, quae sortitus non pertulit ullos, 
Nee victoris heri tetigit captiva cubile I 
Nos, patria incensa, diversa per aequora vectae, 325 
Stirpis Achilleae fastus juvenemque superbum, 



VERGILI AENEIS III. 61 

Servitio enixae, tulimus ; qui deinde, secutus 
Ledaeam Hermionen Lacedaemoniosque hymenaeos, 
Me famulo famulamque Heleno transmisit habendam. 
Ast ilium, ereptao magno inflammatus amore 330 

Conjugis et scelerum Furiis agitatus, Orestes 
Excipit incautum, patriasque obtruncat ad aras. 
Morte Neoptolemi regnorum reddita cessit 
Pars Heleno, qui Chaonios cognomine campos 
Chaoniamque omnem Trojano a Chaone dixit, 335 

Pergamaque Iliacamque jugis hanc addidit arcem. 
Sed tibi qui cursum venti, quae fata dedere ? 
Aut quisnam ignarum nostris deus appulit oris? 
Quid puer Ascanius ? Superatne ? et vescitur aura, 
Quae tibi jam Troja — ? 340 

Ecqua tamen puero est amissae cura parentis ? 
Ecquid in antiquam virtutem animosque viriles - 
Et pater Aeneas et avunculus excitat Hector ? " 
Talia fundebat lacrimans longosque ciebat 
Incassum fletus, quum sese a moenibus heros 345 

Priamides multis Helenus comitantibus affert, 
Agnoscitque suos, laetusque ad limina ducit, 
[Et multum lacrimas verba inter singula fundit.] 
Procedo, et parvam Trojam simulataque magnis 
Pergama et arentem Xanthi cognomine rivum 350 

Agnosco, Scaeaeque amplector limina portae. 
Nee non et Teucri socia simul urbe fruuntur : 
Illos porticibus rex accipiebat in amplis ; 
Aulai medio libabant pocula Bacchi, 
Impositis auro dapibus, paterasque tenebant. 355 

Jamque dies alterque dies processit, et aurae 
Vela vocant, tumidoque inflatur carbasus austro : 
His vatem aggredior dictis ac talia quaeso : 
" Trqjugena, interpres divum, qui numina Phoebi, 
Qui tripodas, Clarii laurus, qui sidera sentis 360 

Et volucrum linguas et praepetis omina pennae, 
Fare age (nam que omnem cursum mihi prospera dixit 
Religio, et cuncti suaserunt numine divi 
Italiam petere et terras tentare repostas ; 



62 VEKGILI AENEIS III. 

Sola novum, dietuque nefas, Harpyia Celaeno 365 

Prodigium canit, et tristes denuntiat iras 

Obscenamque famem) quae prima pericula vito ? 

Quidve sequens tantos possim superare labores ? ,; 

Hie Helenus, caesis primum de more juvencis, 

Exorat pacem divum, vittasque resolvit 3t0 

Sacrati capitis, meque ad tua limina, Phoebe, 

Ipse manu multo suspensum numine ducit ; 

Atque haec deinde eanit divino ex ore sacerdos: 

" Nate dea (nam te majoribus ire per altum 

Auspiciis manifesta fides : sic fata deum rex 375 

Sortitur, volvitque vices ; is vertitur ordo), 

Pauca tibi e multis, quo tutior hospita lustres 

Aequora et Ausonio possis considere portu, 

Expediam dictis ; prohibent nam cetera Parcae 

Scire Helenum farique vetat Saturnia Juno. 380 

Principio Italiam, quam tu jam rere propinquam, 

Vicinosque, ignare, paras invadere portus, 

Longa procul longis via dividit invia terris. 

Ante et Trinacria lentandus remus in unda, 

Et salis Ausonii lustrandum navibus aequor, 385 

Infernique lacus Aeaeaeque insula Circae, 

Quam tuta possis urbem componere terra. 

Signa tibi dicam : tu condita mente teneto : 

Quum tibi sollicito secreti ad fluminis undam 

Litoreis ingens inventa sub ilicibus sus, 390 

Triginta capitum fetus enixa, jacebit, 

Alba, solo recubans, albi circum ubera nati, 

Is locus urbis erit, requies ea certa laborum. 

Nee tu mensarum morsus horresce futuros : 

Fata viam invenient, aderitque vocatus Apollo. 395 

Has autem terras, Italique hanc litoris oram, 

Proxima quae nostri perfunditur aequoris aestu, 

Effuge: cuncta malis habitantur moenia Graiis. 

Hie et Narycii posuerunt moenia Locri, 

Et Sallentinos obsedit milite campos 400 

Lyctius Idomeneus ; hie ilia ducis Meliboei 

Parva Philoctetae subnixa Petelia muro. 

Qu ; u, ubi transmissae steterint trans aequora classe3, 



VERGILI AENEIS III. 63 

Et positis aris jam vota in litore solves, 

Purpureo velare comas adopertus amictu, 405 

Ne qua inter sanetos ignes in honore deornm 

Hostilis facies occurrat et omina turbet. 

Hunc socii morem sacrorum, hunc ipse teneto, 

Hac casti maneant in religione nepotes. 

Ast ubi digressum Siculae te admoverit orae 410 

Yentns, et angusti rarescent claustra Pelori, 

Laeva tibi tellus et longo laeva petantur 

Aequora circuitu, dextrum fuge litus et undas. 

Haec loca vi quondam et vasta convulsa ruina 

(Tantum aevi longinqua valet mutare vetustas) 415 

Dissiluisse ferunt, quum protinus utraque tellus 

Una foret ; venit medio vi pontus, et undis 

Hesperium Siculo latus abscidit, arvaque et urbes 

Litore diductas angusto interluit aestu. 

Dextrum Scylla latus, laevum implacata Charybdis 420 

Obsidet, atque imo barathri ter gurgite vastos 

Sorbet in abruptum fluctus, rursusque sub auras 

Erigit alternos et sidera verberat unda. 

At Scyllam caecis cohibet spelunca latebris, 

Ora exsertantem et naves in saxa trahentem : 425 

Prima hominis facies et pulchro pectore virgo 

Pube tenus ; postrema immani corpore pistrix, 

Delphinum caudas utero commissa luporum. 

Praestat Trinacrii metas lustrare Paehyni 

Cessantem, longos et circumflectere cursus, 430 

Quam semel informem vasto vidisse sub antro 

Scyllam et caeruleis canibus resonantia saxa. 

Praeterea, si qua est Heleno prudentia, vati 

Si qua fides, animum si veris implet Apollo, 

Unum illud tibi, nate dea, proque omnibus unum 435 

Praedicam, et repetens iterumque iterumque monebo : 

Junonis magnae primum prece numen adora ; 

Junoni cane vota libens, dominamque potentem 

Supplicibus supera donis: sic denique victor 

Trinacria fines Italos mittere relicta. 440 

Hue ubi delatus Cumaeam accesseris urbem 

Divinosque lacus et Averna sonantia silvis, 



64 VERGILI AENEIS III. 

Insanam vatem aspicies, quae rupe sub ima 

Fata canit, foliisque notas et nomina mandat. 

Quaecumque in foliis descripsit carmina virgo, 445 

Digerit in numerum, atque antro seclusa relinquit ; 

Ilia manent immota locis, neque ab ordine cedunt. 

Verum eadem, verso tenuis quum cardine ventus 

Impulit et teneras turbavit janua frondes, 

Numquam deinde cavo volitantia prendere saxo, 450 

Nee revocare situs aut jungere carmina curat ; 

Inconsulti abeunt, sedemque odere Sibyllae. 

Hie tibi ne qua morae fuerint dispendia tanti, 

Quamvis increpitent socii, et vi cursus in altum 

Vela vocet possisque sinus implere secundos, 455 

Quin adeas vatem, precibusque oracula poscas. 

Ipsa canat, vocemque volens atque ora resolvat. 

Ilia tibi Italiae populos venturaque bella, 

Et quo quemque modo fugiasque ferasque laborem, 

Expediet, cursusque dabit venerata secundos. 460 

Haec sunt, quae nostra liceat te voce moneri. 

Vade age, et ingentem factis fer ad aethera Trojam. ,, 

Quae postquam vates sic ore effatus amico est, 
Dona dehinc auro gravia sectoque elephanto 
Imperat ad naves ferri, stipatque carinis 465 

Ingens argentum Dodonaeosque lebetas, 
Loricam consertam hamis auroque trilicem, 
Et conum insignis galeae cristasque comantes, 
Arma Neoptolemi. Sunt et sua dona parenti. 
Addit equos, additque duces ; 4t0 

Remigium supplet ; socios simul instruit armis. 

Interea classem velis aptare jubebat 
Anchises, fieret vento mora ne qua ferenti. 
Quern Phoebi interpres multo compellat honore : 
" Conjugio, Anchisa, Veneris dignate superbo, 4T5 

Cura deum, bis Pergameis erepte minis, 
Ecce tibi Ausoniae tellus : hanc arripe velis. 
Et tamen hanc pelago praeterlabare necesse est ; 
Aasoniae pars ilia procul, quam pandit Apollo. 



VERGILI AENEIS III. 65 

Yade," ait " o felix nati pietate ! Quid ultra 480 

Provehor, et fando surgentes demoror austros ? " 

Nee minus Andromache, digressu maesta supremo, 

Fert picturatas auri subtemine vestes 

Et Phrygiam Aseanio chlamydem, nee eedit honore, 

Textilibusque onerat donis, ac talia fatur : 485 

" Accipe et haec, manuum tibi quae monumenta mearum 

Sint, puer, et longum Andromachae testentur amorem, 

Conjugis Hectoreae. Cape dona extrema tuorum, 

O mihi sola mei super Astyanactis imago. 

Sic oculos, sic ille manus, sic ora ferebat, 490 

Et nunc aequali tecum pubesceret aevo." 

Hos ego digrediens lacrimis affabar obortis : 

" Yivite felices, quibus est fortuna peracta 

Jam sua ! Nos alia ex aliis in fata vocamur : 

Yobis parta quies ; nullum maris aequor arandum, 495 

Arva neque Ausoniae semper cedentia retro 

Quaerenda ; effigiem Xanthi Trojamque videtis, 

Quam vestrae fecere manus, — melioribus ; opto, 

Auspiciis, et quae fuerit minus obvia Graiis. 

Si quando Tbybrim vicinaque Tbybridis arva 500 

Intraro, gentique meae data moenia cernam, 

Cognatas urbes olim populosque propinquos, 

Epiro, Hesperia, quibus idem Dardanus auctor 

Atque idem casus, unam faciemus utramque 

Trojam animis : maneat nostros ea cura nepotes." 505 

Provehimur pelago vicina Ceraunia juxta, 
Unde iter Italiam cursusque brevissimus undis. 
Sol ruit interea et montes umbrantur opaci. 
Sternimur optatae gremio telluris ad undam, 
Sortiti remos, passimque in litore sicco 510 

Corpora curamus ; fessos sopor irrigat artus. 
Necdum orbem medium Nox Horis acta subibat : 
Haud segnis strato surgit Palinurus, et omnes 
Explorat ventos, atque auribus aera captat ; 
Sidera cuncta notat tacito labentia caelo, 515 

Arcturum pluviasque Hyadas geminosque Triones, 
Armatumque auro circumspicit Oriona. 
5 Vir. 



66 VERGILI AENE1S III. 

Postquam cuncta videt caelo constare sereno, 

Dat clarum e puppi signum ; nos castra movemus, 

Tentamusque viam et velorum pandimus alas. 520 

Jamque rubescebat stellis Aurora fugatis, 

Quum procul obscuros colles humilemque videmus 

Italiam. " Italiam ! " primus conclamat Achates, 

Italiam laeto socii claniore salutant. 

Turn pater Anchises magnum cratera corona 525 

Induit implevitque mero, divosque vocavit 

Stans celsa in puppi : 

" Di, maris et terrae tempestatumque potentes, 

Ferte viam vento facilem, et spirate secundi." 

Crebrescunt optatae aurae, portusque patescit 530 

Jam propior, templumque apparet in arce Minervae. 

Yela legunt socii, et proras ad litora torquent. 

Portus ab Euroo fluctu curvatus in arcum ; 

Objectae salsa spumant aspargine cautes, 

Ipse latet ; gemino demittunt brachia muro 535 

Turriti scopuli, refugitque ab litore templum. 

Quattuor hie, primum omen, equos in gramine vidi 

Tondentes campum late, candore nivali. 

Et pater Anchises : " Bellum, o terra hospita, portas : 

Bello armantur equi, bellum haec armenta minantur. 540 

Sed tamen idem olim curru succedere sueti 

Quadrupedes, et frena jugo concordia ferre ; 

Spes et pacis," ait. Turn numina sancta precamur 

Palladis armisonae, quae prima accepit ovantes, 

Et capita ante aras Phrygio velamur amictu ; 545 

Praeceptisque Heleni, dederat quae maxima, rite 

Junoni Argivae jussos adolemus honores. 

Haud mora : continuo perfectis ordine votis, 

Cornua velatarum obvertimus antennarum, 

Grajugenumque domos suspectaque linquimus arva. 550 

Hinc sinus Herculei, si vera est fama, Tarenti 

Cernitur ; attollit se diva Lacinia contra, 

Caulonisque arces et navifragum Scylaceum. 

Turn procul e fluctu Trinacria cernitur Aetna ; 

Et gemitum ingentem pelagi pulsataque saxa 555 

Audimus longe, fractasque ad litora voces ; 



YERGILI AEISTE1S III. 67 

Exsultantque vada, atque aestu miscentur arenae. 
Et pater Anchises : '* Nimirum haec ilia Charybdis ; 
Hos Helenus scopulos, haec saxa horrenda canebat : 
Eripite, o soeii, pariterque insurgite remis!" 560 

Haud minus ac jussi faciunt ; prhnusque rudentem 
Contorsit laevas proram Palinurus ad undas ; 
Laevam euncta cohors remis ventisque petivit. 
Tollimur in caelum curvato gurgite, et idem 
Subducta ad Manes imos desedimus unda. 565 

Ter scopuli clamorem inter cava saxa dedere, 
Ter spumam elisam et rorantia vidimus astra. 
Interea fessos ventus cum sole reliquit, 
Ignarique viae Cyclopum allabimur oris. 

Portus ab accessu ventorum immotus et ingens 5 TO 
Ipse ; sed horrificis juxta tonat Aetna ruinis, 
Interdumque atram prorumpit ad aether a nubem, 
Turbine fumantem piceo et candente favilla, 
Attollitque globos flammarum, et sidera lambit ; 
Interdum scopulos avulsaque viscera montis 515 

Erigit eructans, liquefactaque saxa sub auras 
Cum gemitu glomerat, fundoque exaestuat imo. 
Fama est, Enceladi semiustum fulmine corpus 
Urgeri mole hac, ingentemque insuper Aetnam 
Impositam ruptis flammam exspirare caminis, 580 

Et, fessum quoties mutet latus, intremere omnem 
Murmure Trinacriam et caelum subtexere fumo. 

Noctem illam tecti silvis immania monstra 
Perferimus, nee, quae sonitum det causa, videmus : 
Nam neque erant astrorum ignes, nee lucidus aethra 585 
Siderea polus, obscuro sed nubila caelo, 
Et lunam in nimbo nox intempesta tenebat. 

Postera jamque dies primo surgebat Eoo, 
Humentemque Aurora polo dimoverat umbram : 
Quum subito e silvis, macie confecta suprema, 590 

Ignoti nova forma viri miserandaque cultu 
Procedit, supplexque manus ad litora tendit. 



68 VERGILI AENEIS III. 

Respicimus. Dira illuvies immissaque barba, 
Consertum tegumen spinis ; at cetera Graius, 
[Et quondam patriis ad Trojam missus in armis.] 595 
Isque ubi Dardanios habitus et Troia vidit 
Arma procul, paulum aspectu conterritus haesit, 
Continuitque gradum ; mox sese ad litora praeceps 
Cum fletu precibusque tulit : " Per sidera testor, 
Per superos atque hoc caeli spirabile lumen, 600 

Tollite me, Teucri ! quascumque abducite terras : 
Hoc sat erit. Scio me Danais e classibus unum, 
Et bello Iliacos fateor petiisse Penates. 
Pro quo, si sceleris tanta est injuria nostri, 
Spargite me in fluctus, vastoque immergite ponto : 605 
Si pereo, hominum manibus periisse juvabit." 
Dixerat, et genua amplexus genibusque volutans 
Haerebat. Qui sit, fari, quo sanguine cretus, 
Hortamur ; quae deinde agitet fortuna fateri. 
Ipse pater dextram Anchises, haud multa moratus, 610 
Dat juveni, atque animum praesenti pignore firmat. 
Ille haec, deposita tandem formidine, fatur : 
" Sum patria ex Ithaca, comes infelicis Ulixi, 
Nomine Achemenides, Trojam, genitore Adamasto 
Paupere, (mansissetque utinam fortuna !) profectus. 615 
Hie me, dum trepidi crudelia limina linquunt, 
Immemores socii vasto Cyclopis in antro 
Deseruere. Domus sanie dapibusque cruentis, 
Intus opaca, ingens. Ipse arduus, altaque pulsat 
Sidera, (di, talem terris avertite pestem !) 620 

Nee visu facilis nee dictu affabilis ulli. 
Viseeribus miserorum et sanguine vescitur atro. 
Vidi egomet, duo de numero quum corpora nostro 
Prensa manu magna medio resupinus in antro 
Frangeret ad saxum, sanieque aspersa natarent 625 
Limina ; vidi, atro quurri membra fluentia tabo 
Manderet, et tepidi tremerent sub dentibus artus. 
Haud impune quidem ; nee talia passus Ulixes, 
Oblitusve sui est Ithacus discrimine tanto. 
Nam simul, expletus dapibus vinoque sepultus, 630 
Cervicem inflexam posuit, jacuitque per antrum 



VERGILI AENEIS III. 69 

Inimensus, saniem eructans et frusta cruento 

Per somnum commixta mero, nos, magna precati 

Numina, sortitique vices, una undique circum 

Fundimur, et telo lumen terebramus acuto, 635 

Ingens, quod torva solum sub fronte latebat, 

Argolici clipei aut Phoebeae lampadis instar, 

Et tandem laeti sociorum ulciseimur umbras. 

Sed fugite, o miseri, fugite, atque ab litore funem 

Rumpite : 640 

Nam, qualis quantusque cavo Polyphemus in antro 

Lanigeras elaudit peeudes atque ubera pressat, 

Centum alii curva haec habitant ad litora vulgo 

Infandi Cyclopes, et altis montibus errant. 

Tertia jam Lunae se cornua lumine complent, 645 

Quum vitam in silvis inter deserta ferarum 

Lustra domosque traho, vastosque ab rupe Cyclopas 

Prospicio, sonitumque pedum vocemque tremiseo. 

Victum infelicem, baccas lapidosaque corna, 

Dant rami, et vulsis pascunt radicibus herbae. 650 

Omnia collustrans, hanc primum ad litora classem 

Conspexi venientem ; huic me, quaecumque fuisset, 

Addixi : satis est gentem effugisse nefandam. 

Vos animam hanc potius quocumque absumite leto." 

Yix ea fatus erat, summo quum monte videmus 655 
Ipsum inter peeudes vasta se mole moventem 
Pastorem Polyphemum, et litora nota petentem, 
Monstrum horrendum, informe, ingens, cui lumen 

ademptum. 
Trunca manu pinus regit et vestigia firmat ; 
Lanigerae comitantur oves ; ea sola voluptas 660 

Solamenque mali. 

Postquam altos tetigit fluctus et ad aequora venit, 
Luminis effossi fluidum lavit inde cruorem, 
Dentibus infrendens gemitu, graditurque per aequor 
Jam medium ; necdum fluctus latera ardua tinxit. 665 
Nos procul inde fugam trepidi celerare, recepto 
Supplice sic merito, tacitique incidere funem ; 
Verrimus et proni certantibus aequora remis. 



70 VERGILI AENEIS III. 

Sensit, et ad sonitum vocis vestigia torsit. 
Verum ubi nulla datur dextra affectare potestas, 670 
Nee potis Ionios fluctus aequare sequendo, 
Clamorem immensum tollit, quo pontus et omnes 
Intremuere undae, penitusque exterrita tellus 
Italiae, curvisque immugiit Aetna cavernis. 
At genus e silvis Cyclopum et montibus altis 675 

Excitum ruit ad portus, et litora complent. 
Cernimus adstantes nequidquam lumine torvo 
Aetnaeos fratres, caelo capita alta ferentes, 
Concilium horrendum : quales quum vertice celso 
Aeriae quercus aut coniferae cyparissi 680 

Constiterunt, silva alta Jovis lucusve Dianae. 
Praecipites metus acer agit quocumque rudentes 
Excutere, et ventis intendere vela secundis ; 
Contra jussa nionent Heleni, Scylla atque Charybdis, 
Ni teneant cursus : — certum est dare lintea retro, 685 
Inter utramque viam leti discrimine parvo. 
Ecce autem Boreas angusta ab sede Pelori 
Missus adest. Yivo praetervehor ostia saxo 
Pantagiae, Megarosque sinus, Thapsumque jacentem. 
Talia monstrabat relegens errata retrorsus 690 

Litora Achemenides, conies infelicis Ulixi. 

Sicanio praetenta sinu jacet insula contra 
Plemyrium undosum ; nomen dixere priores 
Ortygiara. Alpheum fama est hue Elidis amnem 
Occultas egisse vias subter mare, qui nunc 695 

Ore, Arethusa, tuo Siculis confunditur undis. 
Jussi numina magna loci veneramur ; et inde 
Exsupero praepingue solum stagnantis Helori. 
Hinc altas cautes projectaque saxa Pachyni 
Radimus ; et fatis numquam concessa moveri 700 

Apparet Camarina procul, campique Geloi, 
Immanisque Gel a fluvii cognomine dicta. 
Arduus inde Acragas ostentat maxima longe 
Moenia, magnanimum quondam generator equorum ; 
Teque datis linquo ventis, palmosa Selinus, 705 

Et vada dura lego saxis Lilybe'ia caecis. 



VERGILI AENEIS III. 71 

Hinc Drepani me portus et illaetabilis ora 
Accipit. Hie, pelagi tot tempestatibus actus, 
Heu genitorem, omnis eurae casusque levamen, 
Amitto Anchisen. Hie me, pater optime, fessum 110 
Deseris, heu, tantis nequidquam erepte periclis ! 
Nee vates Helenus, quum multa horrenda moneret, 
Hos mihi praedixit luctus, non dira Celaeno. 
Hie labor extremus, longarum haec meta viarum. 
Hinc me digressum vestris deus appulit oris." 115 

Sic pater Aeneas, intentis omnibus, unus 
Fata renarrabat divvim, cursusque uoeebat. 
Conticuit tandem, factoque hie fine quievit. 




P. YERGILI MARONIS 

AEN.EIDOS 

LIBER QUARTUS. 

At regina, gravi jamdudum saucia cura, 
Vulnus alit venis, et caeco carpitur igni. 
Multa viri virtus animo, multusque recursat 
Gentis honos ; haerent infixi pectore vultus 
Yerbaque, nee placidam membris dat cura quietem. 5 
Postera Phoebea lustrabat lampade terras 
Humentemque Aurora polo dimoverat umbram, 
Quum sic unanimam alloquitur male sana sororem : 
" Anna soror, quae me suspensam insomnia terrent? 
Quis novus hie nostris suecessit sedibus hospes ? 10 
Quern sese ore ferens ! quam forti pectore et armis I 
Credo equidem, nee vana fides, genus esse deorum. 
Degeneres animos timor arguit. Heu, quibus ille 
Jactatus fatis ! quae bella exhausta canebat ! 
Si mihi non animo fixum immotumque sederet, 15 

Ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare jugali, 
Postquam primus amor deceptam morte fefellit, 
Si non pertaesum thalami taedaeque fuisset, 
Huic uni forsan potui succumbere culpae. 
Anna, fatebor enim, miseri post fata Sychaei 20 

Conjugis, et sparsos fraterna caede Penates, 
Solus hie inflexit sensus, animumque labantem 
Impulit. Agnosco veteris vestigia flammae. 
Sed mihi vel tellus optem prius ima dehiscat, 
Vel pater omnipotens adigat me fulmine ad umbras, 25 

/ 72 X 



VERGILI AENEIS IV. 73 

Pallentes umbras Erebi noctemque profundam, 
Ante, Pudor, quam te violo, aut tua jura resolvo. 
Ille'meos, primus qui me sibi junxit, amores 
Abstulit : ille habeat secum servetque sepulchro." 
Sic effata, sinum lacrimis implevit obortis. 30 

Anna refert : " luce magis dilecta sorori, 
Solane perpetua maerens carpere juventa, 
Nee dulces natos, Yeneris nee praemia noris ? 
Id cinerem aut Manes credis curare sepultos ? 
Esto : aegram nulli quondam flexere mariti, 35 

Non Libyae, non ante Tyro ; despectus Iarbas 
Ductoresque alii, quos Africa terra, triumphis 
Dives, alit : placitone etiam pugnabis amori ? 
Nee venit in mentem, quorum consederis arvis ? 
Hinc Gaetulae urbes, genus insuperabile bello, 40 

Et Numidae infreni cingunt et inhospita Syrtis ; 
Hinc deserta siti regio, lateque furentes 
Barcaei. Quid bella Tyro surgentia dicam, 
Germanique minas ? 

Dis equidem auspicibus reor, et Junone secunda,. 45 
Hunc cursuin Iliacas vento tenuisse carinas. 
Quam tu urbem, soror, hanc cernes, quae surgere regna 
Conjugio tali ! Teucrum comitantibus armis, 
Punica se quantis attollet gloria rebus ! 
Tu modo posce deos veniam, sacrisque litatis 50 

Indulge hospitio, causasque innecte morandi, 
Dum pelago desaevithiempsetaquosus Orion, 
Quassataeque rates, [dum non tractabile caelum.] n 

His dictis incensum animum inflammavit amore, 
Spemque dedit dubiae menti, solvitque pudorem. 55 
Principio delubra adeunt, pacemque per aras 
Exquirunt ; mactant lectas de more bidentes 
Legiferae Cereri, Phoeboque, patrique Lyaeo, 
Junoni ante omnes, cui vincla jugalia curae. 
Ipsa, tenens dextra pateram, pulcherrima Dido 60 

Candentis vaccae media inter cornua fundit, 
Aut ante ora deum pingues spatiatur ad aras, 



74 VERGILI AENEIS IV. 

Instauratque diem donis, pecudumque reclusis 

Pectoribus inhians spirantia consulit exta. 

Heu vatum ignarae mentes 1 quid vota furentem, 65 

Quid delubra juvant? Est mollis flamma medullas 

Interea, et taciturn vivit sub pectore vulnus. 

"Oritur infelix Dido, totaque vagatur 

Urbe furens, qualis conjecta cerva sagitta, 

Quam procul incautam nemora inter Cresia fixit TO 

Pastor agens telis, liquitque volatile ferrum 

Nescius ; ilia fuga silvas saltusque peragrat 

Dictaeos, haeret lateri letalis arundo. 

Nunc media Aenean secum per moenia ducit, 

Sidoniasque ostentat opes urbemque paratam; T5 

Incipit effari, mediaque in voce resistit ; 

Nunc eadem, labente die, convivia quaerit, 

Iliacosque iterum demens audire labores 

Exposcit, pendetque iterum narrantis ab ore. 

Post, ubi digressi, lumenque obscura vicissim 80 

Luna premit suadentque cadentia sidera somnos, 

Sola domo maeret vacua, stratisque relictis 

Incubat : ilium absens absentem auditque videtque : 

Aut gremio Ascanium, genitoris imagine capta, 

Detinet, infandum si fallere possit amorem. 85 

Non coeptae assurgunt turres, non arma juventus 

Exercet, portusve aut propugnacula bello 

Tuta parant ; pendent opera interrupta, minaeque 

Murorum ingentes, aequataque machina caelo. 

Quam simul ac tali persensit peste teneri 90 

Cara Jovis conjunx, nee famam obstare furori, 
Talibus aggreditur Yenerem Saturnia dictis : 
" Egregiam vero laudem et spolia ampla refertis, 
Tuque puerque tuus ; magnum et memorabile numen, 
Una dolo divum si femina victa duorum est ! 95 

Nee me adeo fallit, veritam te moenia nostra, 
Suspectas habuisse domos Carthaginis altae. 
Sed quis erit modus, aut quo nunc certamine tanto ? 
Quin potius pacem aeternam pactosque hymenaeos 
Exercemus ? Habes, tota quod mente petisti : 100 



VERGILI AENEIS IV. 75 

Ardet amans Dido traxitque per ossa furorem. 
Communem hunc ergo populum paribusque regamus 
Auspiciis ; liceat Phrygio servire marito, 
Dotalesque tuae Tyrios permittere dextrae." 

OUi (sensit enim simulata mente locutam, 105 

Quo regnum Italiae Libycas averteret oras) 
Sic contra est ingressa Yenus : " Quis talia demens 
Abnuat, aut tecum malit contendere bello ? 
Si modo, quod memoras, factum fortuna sequatur. 
Sed fatis incerta feror, si Jupiter unam 110 

Esse velit Tyriis urbem Trojaque profectis, 
Miscerive probet populos, aut foedera jungi. 
Tu conjunx : tibi fas animum tentare precando. 
Perge ; sequar." Turn sic excepit regia Juno : 
" Mecum erit iste labor. Nunc qua ratione quod instat 1 15 
Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo. 
Venatum Aeneas unaque miserrima Dido 
In nemus ire parant, ubi primos crastinus ortus 
Extulerit Titan radiisque retexerit orbem. 
His ego nigrantem commixta grandine nimbum, 1 20 
Dum trepidant alae, saltusque indagine cingunt, . 
Desuper infundam, et tonitru caelum omne ciebo. 
Diffugient comites, et nocte tegentur opaca ; 
Speluncam Dido dux et Trojanus eandem 
Devenient. Adero, et, tua si mihi certa voluntas, 125 
[Connubio jungam stabili propriamque dicabo :] 
Hie hynienaeus erit." Non adversata petenti 
Annuit, atque dolis risit Cytherea repertis. 

Oceanum interea surgens Aurora reliquit. 
It portis, jubare exorto, delecta juventus ; 130 

Retia rara, plagae, lato venabula ferro, 
Massylique ruunt equites et odora canum vis. 
Reginam thalamo cunctantem ad limina primi 
Poenorum exspectant ; ostroque insignis et auro 
Stat sonipes, ac frena ferox spumantia mandit. 135 

Tandem progreditur, magna stipante caterva, 
Sidoniam picto ehlamydem circumdata limbo : 



76 VERGILI AENEIS IV. 

Cui pharetra ex auTO, crines nodantur in aurum, 
Aurea purpuream subnectit fibula vestem. 
Nee non et Phrygii comites et laetus lulus 140 

Incedunt. Ipse ante alios pulcherrimus omnes 
Infert se socium Aeneas atque agmina jungit. 
Qualis ubi hibernam Lyciam Xanthique fluenta 
Deserit ac Delum maternam invisit Apollo, 
Instauratque choros, mixtique altaria circum 145 

Cretesque Dryopesque fremunt pictique Agathyrsi ; 
Ipse jugis Cynthi graditur, mollique fluentem 
Fronde premit crinem fingens atque implicat auro, 
Tela sonant humeris : haud illo segnior ibat 
Aeneas ; tantum egregio decus enitet ore. 150 

Postquam altos ventum in montes atque invia lustra, 
Ecee ferae, saxi dejectae vertice, caprae 
Decurrere jugis ; alia de parte patentes 
Transmittunt cursu campos atque agmina cervi 
Pulverulenta fuga glomerant, montesque relinquunt. 155 
At puer Ascanius mediis in vallibus acri 
Gaudet equo, jamque hos eursu, jam praeterit illos, 
Spumantemque dari pecora inter inertia votis 
Optat aprum, aut fulvum descendere monte leonem. 

Interea magno misceri murmure caelum 160 

Incipit ; insequitur eommixta grandine nimbus : 
Et Tyrii comites passim et Trojana juventus 
Dardaniusque nepos Yeneris diversa per agros 
Tecta metu petiere ; ruunt de montibus amnes. 
Speluncam Dido dux et Trojanus eandem 165 

Deveniunt. Prima et Tellus et pronuba Juno 
Dant signum ; fulsere ignes et conscius aether 
Connubiis, summoque ulularunt vertice Nymphae. 
Ille dies primus leti primusque malorum 
Causa fuit : neque enim specie famave movetur, 170 
Nee jam furtivum Dido meditatur amorem ; 
Conjugium vocat : hoc praetexit nomine culpam. 

Extemplo Libyae magnas it Fama per urbes, 
Fama, malum, qua non aliud velocius ullum : 






VEBGILI AENEIS IV. 77 

Mobilitate viget, viresque acquirit eiindo ; 115 

Parva inetu primo ; mox sese attollit in auras, 
Ingrediturque solo, et caput inter nubila condit. 
Illam Terra parens, ira irritata deorum, 
Bxtremarn, ut perhibent, Coeo Enceladoque sororem 
Progenuit, pedibus eelerem et pernicibus alis, 180 

Monstrum horrendum, ingens, cui, quot sunt corpore 

plumae, 
Tot vigiles oculi subter (rnirabile dictu), 
Tot linguae, totidem ora sonant, tot subrigit aures. 
Nocte yolat caeli medio terraeque, per umbram 
Stridens, nee dulei declinat lumina somno ; 185 

Luce sedet custos aut summi culmine tecti, 
Turribus aut altis, et magnas territat urbes, 
Tam ficti pravique tenax, quam rruntia veri. 
Haec turn multiplici populos sermone replebat 
Gaudens, et pariter facta atque infecta canebat : 190 
Venisse Aenean, Trojano sanguine cretum, 
Cui se pulchra viro dignetur jungere Dido ; 
Nunc hiemem inter se luxu, quam longa, fovere, 
Regnorum immemores turpique cupidine captos. 
Haec passim dea foeda virum diffundit in ora. 195 

Protinus ad regem cursus detorquet Iarban, 
Incenditque animum dictis atque aggerat iras. 

Hie Hammone satus, rapta Garamantide Nympha, 
Templa Jovi centum latis immania regnis, 
Centum aras posuit, vigilemque sacraverat ignem, 200 
Excubias divum aeternas, pecudumque criiore 
Pingue solum et variis florentia lirnina sertis. 
Isque, amens animi et rumore accensus amaro, 
Dicitur ante aras, media inter numina divum, 
Multa Jovem manibus supplex orasse supinis : 205 

" Jupiter omnipotens, cui nunc Maurusia pictis 
Gens epulata toris Lenaeum libat honorem, 
Aspicis haec ? an te, genitor, quum fulmina torques, 
Nequidquam horremus, caecique in nubibus ignes 
Terrificant animos et inania murmur a miscent? 210 
Femina, quae nostris errans in finibus urbem 



78 VERGILI AENEIS IV. 

Exiguam pretio posuit, cui litus arandum 

Cuique loci leges dedimus, connubia nostra 

Repulit, ac dominum Aenean in regna recepit. 

Et nunc ille Paris, cum semiviro comitatu, 215 

Maeonia mentum mitra crinemque madentem 

Subnixus, rapto potitur ; nos munera templis 

Quippe tuis ferimus, famamque fovemus inanem ! n 

Talibus orantem dictis arasque tenentem 
Audiit omnipotens, oculosque ad moenia torsit 22C 
Regia et oblitos famae melioris amantes. 
Turn sic Mercurium alloquitur ac talia mandat : 
" Vade age, nate, voca Zephyros et labere pennis, 
Dardaniumque ducem, Tyria Carthagine qui nunc 
Exspectat, fatisque datas non respicit urbes, 225 

Alloquere, et celeres defer mea dicta per auras. 
Non ilium nobis genetrix pulcherrima talem 
Promisit, Graiiimque ideo bis vindicat armis ; 
Sed fore, qui gravidam imperiis belloque frementem 
Italiam regeret, genus alto a sanguine Teueri 230 

Proderet, ac totum sub leges mitteret orbem. 
Si nulla accendit tantarum gloria rerum, 
Nee super ipse sua molitur laude laborem, 
Ascanione pater Romanas invidet arces ? 
Quid struit ? aut qua spe inimica in gente moratur ? 235 
[Nee prolem Ausoniam et Lavinia respicit arva?] 
Naviget 1 Haec summa est ; hie nostri nuntius esto." 

Dixerat ; ille patris magni parere parabat 
Imperio ; et primum pedibus talaria nectit 
Aurea, quae sublimem alis, sive aequora supra, 240 
Seu terram, rapido pariter cum flamine portant. 
Turn virgam capit : hac animas ille evocat Oreo 
Pallentes, alias sub Tartara tristia mittit, 
Dat somnos adimitque, et lumina morte resignat. 
Ilia fretus agit ventos, et turbida tranat 245 

Nubila. Jamque volans apicem et latera ardua cernit 
Atlantis duri, caelum qui vertice fulcit, 
Atlantis, cinctum assidue cui nubibus atris 



VERGILI AENEIS IV. 79 

Piniferum caput et vento pulsatur et imbri ; 

Nix humeros infusa tegit; turn flumina mento 250 

Praecipitant senis, et glacie riget horrida barba. 

Hie primum paribus nitens Cyllenius alis 

Constitit ; hinc toto praeceps se corpore ad undas 

Misit, avi similis, quae circum litora, circum 

Piscosos scopulos humilis volat aequora juxta. 255 

[Haud aliter terras inter caelumque volabat 

Litus arenosum ad Libyae, ventosque secabat 

Materno veniens ab avo Cyllenia proles.] 

Ut primum alatis tetigit magalia plantis, 

Aenean fundantem arces ac tecta novantem 260 

Conspicit. Atque illi stellatus jaspide fulva 

Ensis erat, Tyrioque ardebat murice laena 

Demissa ex humeris, dives quae munera Dido 

Fecerat et tenui telas discreverat auro. 

Continuo invadit: "Tu nunc Carthaginis altae 265 

Fundamenta locas, pulchramque uxorius urbem 

Exstruis ? heu regni rerumque oblite tuarum ! 

Ipse deum tibi me claro demittit Olympo 

Regnator, caelum et terras qui numine torquet ; 

Ipse haec ferre jubet celeres mandata per auras : 2T0 

Quid struis ? aut qua spe Libycis teris otia terris ? 

Si te nulla movet tantarum gloria rerum, 

[Nee super ipse tua moliris laude laborem,] 

Ascanium surgentem et spes heredis Iuli 

Respice, cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus 2T5 

Debentur." Tali Cyllenius ore locutus 

Mortales visus medio sermone reliquit, 

Et procul in tenuem ex oculis evanuit auram. 

At vero Aeneas aspectu obmutuit amens, 
Arrectaeque horrore comae, et vox faucibus haesit. 280 
Ardet abire fuga dulcesque relinquere terras, 
Attonitus tanto monitu imperioque deorum. 
Heu quid agat ? quo nunc reginam ambire furentem 
Audeat affatu ? quae prima exordia sumat ? 
Atque animum nunc hue celerem, nunc dividit illuc, 285 
[In partesque rapit varias, perque omnia versat] 



80 VEEGILI AENEIS IV. 

Haec alternanti potior sententia visa est : 
Mnesthea Serge stumque vocat fortemque Serestum : 
Classem aptent taciti, sociosque ad litora cogant, 
Arma parent, et, quae rebus sit causa novandis, 290 
Dissimulent ; sese interea, quando optima Dido 
Nesciat, et tantos rumpi non speret amores, 
Tentaturum aditus, et quae mollissima fandi 
Tempora, quis rebus dexter modus. Ocius omnes 
Imperio laeti parent ac jussa facessunt. 295 

At regina dolos (quis fallere possit amantem ?) 
Praesensit, motusque excepit prima futuros, 
Omnia tuta timens. Eadem impia Fama furenti 
Detulit, armari classem cursumque parari. 
Saevit inops animi, totamque incensa per urbem 300 
Bacchatur, qualis commotis excita sacris 
Thyias, ubi audito stimulant trieterica Baccho 
Orgia, nocturnusque vocat clamore Cithaeron. 
Tandem his Aenean compellat vocibus ultro : 

" Dissimulare etiam sperasti, perfide, tantum 305 
Posse nefas, tacitusque mea decedere terra ? 
Nee te noster amor, nee te data dextera quondam, 
Nee moritura tenet crudeli funere Dido ? 
Quin etiam hiberno moliris sidere classem, 
Et mediis properas Aquilonibus ire per altum, 310 

Crudelis ? Quid, si non arva aliena domosque 
Ignotas peteres, et Troja antiqua maneret, 
Troja per undosum peteretur classibus aequor ? 
Mene fugis ? Per ego has lacrimas dextramque tuam te 
(Quando aliud mihi jam miserae nihil ipsa reliqui), 315 
Per connubia nostra, per inceptos hymenaeos, 
Si bene quid de te merui, fuit aut tibi quidquam 
Dulce meum, miserere domus labentis 7 et istam, 
Oro, si quis adhuc precibus locus, exue mentem. 
Te propter Libycae gentes Nomadumque tyranni 320 
Odere, infensi Tyrii ; te propter eundem 
Exstinctus pudor, et, qua sola sidera adibam, 
Fama prior. Cui me moribundam deseris, hospes? 



VERGILI AENEIS IV. 81 

Hoc solum nomen quoniam de conjuge restat. 

Quid moror ? an, mea Pygmalion dum moenia frater 325 

Destruat, aut captam ducat Gaetulus Iarbas ? 

Saltern si qua niihi de te suscepta fuisset 

Ante fugam suboles, si quis mihi parvulus aula 

Luderet Aeneas, qui te tamen ore referret, 

Non equidem omnino capta ac deserta viderer." 330 

Dixerat ; ille Jo vis monitis immota tenebat 
Lumina, et obnixus curam sub corde premebat. 
Tandem pauca refert : " Ego te, quae plurima fando 
Enumerare vales, numquam, regina, negabo 
Promeritam, nee me meminisse pigebit Elissae, 335 
Dum memor ipse mei, dum spiritus hos regit artus. 
Pro re pauca loquar. Neque ego hanc abscondere furto 
Speravi (ne finge) fugam, nee conjugis umquam 
Praetendi taedas, aut haec in foedera veni. 
Me si fata me is paterentur ducere vitam 340 

Auspiciis et sponte mea componere curas, 
Urbem Trojanam primum dulcesque meorum 
Reliquias colerem, [Priami tecta alta manerent,] 
Et recidiva manu posuissem Pergama victis. 
Sed nunc Italiam magnam Gryneus Apollo, 345 

Italiam Lyciae jussere capessere sortes ; 
Hie amor, haec patria est. Si te Carthaginis arces, 
Phoenissam, Libycaeque aspectus detinet urbis, 
Quae tandem, Ausonia Teucros considere terra, 
Invidia est? Et nos fas extera quaerere regna. 350 
Me patris Anchisae, quoties humentibus umbris 
Nox operit terras, quoties astra ignea surgunt, 
Admonet in somnis et turbida terret imago ; 
Me puer Ascanius capitisque injuria cari, 
Quern regno Hesperiae fraudo et fatalibus arvis. 355 
Nunc etiam interpres divum, Jove missus ab ipso, 
(Testor utrumque caput,) celeres mandata per auras 
Detulit ; ipse deum manifesto in lumine vidi 
Intrantem muros, vocemque his auribus hausi. 
Desine meque tuis incendere teque querelis: 360 

Italiam non sponte sequor." 
6 Vir. 



82 VERGILI AENEIS IV. 

Talia dicentem jamdudum aversa tuetur, 
Hue illuc volvens oculos, totumque pererrat 
Luminibus tacitis, et sic accensa profatur : 
" Nee tibi diva parens, generis nee Dardanus auctor, 365 
Perfide ; sed duris genuit te cautibus horrens 
Caucasus, Hyrcanaeque admorunt ubera tigres. 
Nam quid dissimulo, aut quae me ad majora reservo ? 
Num fletu ingemuit nostro ? num lumina flexit ? 
Num lacrimas victus dedit, aut miseratus amantem 
est? 3T0 

Quae quibus anteferam ? Jam jam nee maxima Juno, 
Nee Saturnius haec oculis pater aspicit aequis. 
Nusquam tuta fides. Ejectum litore, egentem, 
Excepi, et regni demens in parte locavi ; 
[Amissam classem, socios a morte reduxi :] 375 

(Heu furiis incensa feror !) nunc augur Apollo, 
Nunc Lyciae sortes, nunc et Jove missus ab ipso 
Interpres divum fert horrida jussa per auras. 
Scilicet is Superis labor est, ea cura quietos 
Sollicitat I Neque te teneo, neque dicta refello. 380 
I, sequere Italiam ventis ! pete regna per undas ! 
Spero equidem mediis, si quid pia numina possunt, 
Supplicia hausurum scopulis, et nomine Dido 
Saepe vocaturum. Sequar atris ignibus absens, 
Et, quum frigida mors anima seduxerit artus, 385 

Omnibus umbra locis adero. Dabis, improbe, poenas. 
Audiam, et haec Manes veniet niihi fama sub imos." 
His medium dictis sermonem abrumpit, et auras 
Aegra fugit, seque ex oculis avertit et aufert, 
Linquens multa metu cunctantem et multa parantem 390 
Dicere. Suscipiunt famulae, collapsaque membra 
Marmoreo referunt thalamo stratisque reponunt. 

At pius Aeneas, quamquam lenire dolentem 
Solando cupit et dictis avertere curas, 
Multa gemens magnoque animum labef actus am ore, 395 
Jussa tamen divum exsequitur, classemque revisit. 
Turn vero Teucri incumbunt, et litore celsas 
Deducunt toto naves. Natat uncta carina, 



VERGILI AENEIS IV. 83 

Frondentesque ferunt remos et robora silvis 
Infabricata, fugae studio. 400 

Migrantes cernas, totaque ex urbe ruentes : 
Ac yelut ingentem formicae farris acervum 
Quum populant, hiemis memores, tectoque reponnnt ; 
It nigrum campis agmen, praedamque per herbas 
Convectant calle angusto, pars grandia trudunt 405 
Obnixae frumenta humeris, pars agmina cogunt 
Castigantque moras; opere omnis semita fervet. 
Quis tibi turn, Dido, cernenti talia sensus ! 
Quosve dabas gemitus, quum litora fervere late 
Prospiceres aree ex summa, totumque videres 410 

Misceri ante oculos tantis clamoribus aequor ! 
Improbe Amor, quid non mortalia pectora eogis ! 
Ire iterum in lacrimas, iterum tentare precando 
Cogitur, et supplex animos submittere amori, 
Ne quid inexpertum frustra moritura relinquat. 415 

"Anna, vides toto properari litore ? Circum 
Undique convenere ; vocat jam earbasus auras, 
Puppibus et laeti nautae imposuere coronas. 
Hunc ego si potui tantum sperare dolorem, 
Et perferre, soror, potero. Miserae hoc tamen unum 420 
Exsequere, Anna, mihi ; solam nam perfidus ille 
Te colere, arcanos etiam tibi credere sensus ; 
Sola viri molles aditus et tempora noras. 
I, soror, atque hostem supplex affare superbum. 
Non ego cum Danais Trojanam exscindere gentem 425 
Aulide juravi, classemve ad Pergama misi, 
Nee patris Anchisae cinerem Manesve revelli : 
Cur me a dicta negat duras demittere in aures ? 
Quo ruit? Extremum hoc miserae det munus amanti : 
Exspectet facilemque fugam ventosque ferentes. 430 
Non jam conjugium antiquum, quod prodidit, oro, 
Nee pulchro ut Latio careat regnumque relinquat ; 
Tempus inane peto, requiem spatiumque furori, 
Dum mea me victam doceat fortuna dolere. 
Extremam hanc oro veniam, — miserere sororis, — 435 
Quam mihi quum dederit, cumulatam morte reniittam." 



84 VERGILI AENEIS IV. 

Talibus orabat, talesque rniserrinia fletus 
Fertque refertque soror; sed nullis ille movetur 
Fletibus, aut voces ullas tractabilis audit : 
Fata obstant, placidasque viri deus obstruit aures. 440 
Ac velut annoso validam quuni robore quercum 
Alpini Boreae nunc hinc nunc flatibus illinc 
Eruere inter se certant ; it stridor, et altae 
Consternunt terram concusso stipite frondes ; 
Ipsa haeret scopulis, et, quantum vertice ad auras 445 
Aetherias, tantum radice in Tartara tendit : 
Haud secus assiduis hinc atque hinc vocibus heros 
Tunditur, et magno persentit pectore curas ; 
Mens immota manet, lacrimae volvuntur inanes. 

Turn vero infelix fatis exterrita Dido 450 

Mortem orat ; taedet caeli convexa tueri. 
Quo magis inceptum peragat lucemque relinquat, 
Vidit, turicremis quum dona imponeret aris, 
Horrendum dictu, latices nigrescere sacros, 
Fusaque in obscenum se vertere vina cruorem. 455 

Hoc visum nulli, non ipsi effata sorori. 
Praeterea fuit in tectis de marmore templum 
Conjugis antiqui, miro quod honore colebat, 
Velleribus niveis et festa fronde revinctum : 
Hinc exaudiri voces et verba vocantis 460 

Visa viri, nox quum terras obscura teneret, 
Solaque culminibus ferali carmine bubo 
Saepe queri et longas in fletum ducere voces. 
Multaque praeterea vatum praedicta priorum 
Terribili monitu horrificant. Agit ipse furentem 465 
In somnis ferus Aeneas ; semperque relinqui 
Sola sibi, semper longam incomitata videtur 
Ire viam, et Tyrios deserta quaerere terra. 
Eumenidum veluti demens videt agmina Pentheus, 
Et solem geminum et duplices se ostendere Thebas ; 470 
Aut Agamemnonius scaenis agitatus Orestes, 
Armatam facibus matrem et serpentibus atris 
Quum fugit* ultricesque sedent in limine Dirae. 






VERGILI AENEIS IV. 85 

Ergo ubi concepit furias, evicta dolore, 
Deere vitque mori, tempus secum ipsa modumque 4T5 
Exigit, et, maestam dictis aggressa sororem, 
Consilium vultu tegit, ac spem fronte serenat : 
" Inveni, germ ana, viani, — gratare sorori, — - 
Quae mihi reddat eum, vel eo me solvat amantem. 
Oceani finem juxta solemque cadentem 480 

Ultimus Aethiopum locus est, libi maximus Atlas 
Axem humero torquet stellis ardentibus aptum : 
Hinc mihi Massylae gentis monstrata sacerdos, 
Hesperidum templi custos, epulasque draconi 
Quae dabat et sacros servabat in arbore ramos, 485 
Spargens humida mella soporiferumque papaver. 
Haec se earminibus promittit solvere mentes, 
Quas velit, ast aliis duras immittere curas ; 
Sistere aquam fluviis, et vertere sidera retro ; 
Nocturnosque movet Manes ; mugire videbis 490 

Sub pedibus terram, et deseendere montibus ornos. 
Testor, cara, deos et te, germana, tuumque 
Dulce caput, magicas invitam accingier artes. 
Tu secreta pyram tecto interiore sub auras 
Erige, et arma viri, thalamo quae fixa reliquit 495 

Impius, exuviasque omnes lectumque jugalem, 
Quo perii, superimponas : abolere nefandi 
Cuncta viri monumenta juvat, monstratque sacerdos." 
Haec effata silet ; pallor simul occupat ora. 
Non tamen Anna novis praetexere funera sacris 500 
Germanam credit, nee tantos mente furores 
Concipit, aut graviora timet quam morte Sychaei 
Ergo jussa parat. 

At regina, pyra penetrali in sede sub auras 
Erecta ingenti taedis atque iliee secta, 505 

Intenditque locum sertis et fronde coronat 
Funerea ; super exuvias ensemque relictum 
Effigiemque toro locat, haud ignara futuri. 
Stant arae circum, et crines effusa sacerdos 
Ter centum tonat ore deos, Erebumque Chaosque 510 
Tergeminamque Hecaten, tria virginis ora Dianae. 
Sparserat et latices simulatos fontis Averni y 



86 VERGILI AENEIS IV, 

Falcibus et niessae ad lunam quaeruntur aenis 

Pubentes herbae nigri cum lacte veneni ; 

Quaeritur et nascentis equi de fronte revulsus 515 

Et matri praereptus amor. 

Ipsa mola manibusque piis altaria juxta, 

Unum exuta pedem vinclis, in veste recincta, 

Testatur moritura deos et conscia fati 

Sidera ; turn, si quod non aequo foedere amantes 520 

Curae numen habet justumque memorque, precatur. 

]STox erat, et placidum carpebant fessa soporem 
Corpora per terras, silvaeque et saeva quierant 
Aequora, quum medio volvuntur sidera lapsu, 
Quum tacet omnis ager, pecudes, pictaeque volucres, 525 
Quaeque lacus late liquidos, quaeque aspera dumis 
Rura tenent, somno positae sub nocte silenti. 
[Lenibant curas, et corda oblita laborum.] 
At non infelix animi Phoenissa, nee umquam 
Solvitur in somnos, oculisve aut pectore noctem 530 
Accipit : ingeminant curae, rursusque resurgens 
Saevit amor, magnoque irarum fluctuat aestu. 
Sic adeo insistit, secumque ita corde volutat : 
" En, quid ago ? Rursusne procos irrisa priores 
Experiar, Nomadumque petam connubia supplex, 535 
Quos ego sim toties jam dedignata maritos? — 
Iliacas igitur classes atque ultima Teucrum 
Jussa sequar ? quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos, 
Et bene apud mem ores veteris stat gratia facti? — 
Quis me autem, fac velle, sinet, ratibusque superbis 540 
Invisam accipiet ? nescis, heu, perdita, necdum 
Laomedonteae sentis perjuria gentis ? 
Quid turn ? Sola fuga nautas comitabor ovantes ? 
An Tyriis omnique manu stipata meorum 
Inferar, et, quos Sidonia vix urbe revelli, 545 

Rursus agam pelago, et ventis dare vela jubebo ? — 
Quin morere, ut merita es, ferroque averte dolorem I 
Tu, lacrimis evicta meis, tu prima furentem 
His, germana, malis oneras, atque objicis hosti. 
Non licuit thalami expertem sine crimine vitam 550 
Degere, more ferae, tales nee tangere curas ! 



VERGILI AENEIS IV. 87 

Non servata fides, cineri promissa Sychaeo ! " 
Tantos ilia suo rumpebat pectore questus. 

Aeneas celsa in puppi, jam certus eundi, 
Carpebat somnos, rebus jam rite paratis. 555 

Huic se forma dei vultu redeuntis eodem 
Obtulit in sornnis, rursusque ita visa monere est, 
Omnia Mercurio similis, vocemque coloremque 
Et crines flavos et membra decora juventa : 
" Nate dea, potes hoc sub casu ducere somnos, 560 
Nee, quae te circum stent deinde pericula, cernis, 
Demens, nee Zephyros audis spirare secundos ? 
Ilia dolos dirumque nefas in pectore versat, 
Certa mori, variosque irarum concitat aestus. 
Nonfugis hinc praeceps, dum praecipitare potestas? 565 
Jam mare turbari trabibus saevasque videbis 
,Collucere faces, jam fervere litora flammis, 
Si te his attigerit terris Aurora morantem. 
Heia age, rumpe moras : varium et mutabile semper 
Femina." Sic fatus nocti se immiscuit atrae. 570 

Turn vero Aeneas, subitis exterritus umbris, 
Corripit e somno corpus sociosque fatigat : 
" Praecipites vigilate, viri, et considite transtris ; 
Solvite vela citi ! Deus aethere missus ab alto 
Festinare fugam tortosque incidere funes 5T5 

Ecce iterum stimulat. Sequimur te, sancte deorum, 
Quisquis es, imperioque iterum paremus ovantes. 
Adsis o placidusque juves, et sidera caelo 
Dextra feras." Dixit, vaginaque eripit ensem 
Fulmineum, strictoque ferit retinacula ferro. 580 

Idem omnes simul ardor habet, rapiuntque ruuntque ; 
Litora deseruere ; latet sub classibus aequor ; 
Annixi torquent spurn as et caerula verrunt. 

Et jam prima novo spargebat lumine terras 
Tithoni croceum linquens Aurora cubile. 585 

Regina e speculis ut primum albescere lucem # 
Vidit et aequatis classem procedere velis, 
Litoraque et vacuos sensit sine remigp portus, 



88 VERGILI AENEIS IV. 

Terque quaterque manu pectus percussa decorum, 
Flaventesque abscissa comas, " Pro Jupiter, ibit 590 
Hie," ait, "et nostris illuserit advena regnis ? 
Non arma expedient, totaque ex urbe sequentur, 
Deripientque rates alii navalibus ? Ite, 
Ferte citi nammas, date tela, impellite remos ! — 595 
Quid loquor ? aut ubi sum ? Quae mentem insania mutat, 
Infelix l)ido ? nunc te facta impia tangunt ? 596 

Tunc decuit, quum sceptra dabas. — En dextra fidesque, 
Quern secum patrios aiunt portare Penates, 
Quern subiisse humeri s confectum aetate parentem ! ■ — 
Non potui abreptum divellere corpus, et undis 600 

Spargere ? non socios, non ipsum absumere ferro 
Ascanium, patriisque epulandum ponere mensis? — 
Yerum anceps pugnae fuerat fortuna. — Fuisset : 
Quern metui moritura ? Faces in castra tulissem, 
Implessemque foros flammis, natumque patremque 605 
Cum genere exstinxem, memet super ipsa dedissem. — 
Sol, qui terrarum flammis opera omnia lustras, 
Tuque, harum interpres curarum et conscia Juno,. 
Nocturnisque Hecate triviis ululata per urbes, 
Et Dirae ultrices, et di morientis Elissae, 610 

Accipite haec, meritumque malis advertite numen, 
Et nostras audite preces. Si tangere portus 
Infandum caput ac terris adnare necesse est, 
Et sic fata Jovis poscunt, hie terminus haeret: 
At bello audacis populi vexatus et armis, 615 

Finibus extorris, complexu avulsus Iuli, 
Auxilium imploret, videatque indigna suorum 
Funera, nee, quum se sub leges pads iniquae 
Tradiderit, regno aut optata luce fruatur, 
Sed cadat ante diem mediaque inhumatus arena. 620 
Haec precor, hanc vocem extremam cum sanguine fundo. 
Turn vos, o Tyrii, stirpem et genus omne futurum 
Exercete odiis, cinerique haec mittite nostro 
Munera. Nullus amor populis, nee foedera sunto. 
Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor, 625 

Qui face Dardanios ferroque sequare colonos, 
Nunc, olim, quocumque dabunt se tempore vires ! 



VERGILI AENEIS IV. 89 

Litora litoribus contraria, fluctibus undas 

Impreeor, arma armis ; pugnent ipsique nepotesque ! n 

Haec ait, et partes animum versabat in omnes, 630 
Invisam quaerens quam primum abrumpere luceni. 
Turn breviter Barcen nutriceni affata Sychaei : 
Namque suam patria antiqua cinis ater habebat : 
" Annam, cara mihi nutrix, hue siste sororem ; 
Die, corpus properet fluviali spargere lympha, 635 

Et pecudes secum et monstrata piacula ducat. 
Sic veniat ; tuque ipsa pia tege tempora vitta. 
Sacra Jovi Stygio, quae rite incepta paravi, 
Perficere est animus, finemque imponere curis, 
Dardaniique rogum capitis permittere flamrnae." 640 
Sic ait ; ilia gradum studio celerabat anilem. 
At trepida, et coeptis immanibus effera Dido, 
Sanguineam volvens aciem, maculisque trenientes 
Interfusa genas, et pallida morte futura, 
Interiora domus irrumpit limina, et altos 645 

Conscendit furibunda rogos, ensemque recludit 
Dardanium, non hos quaesitum munus in usus. 
Hie, postquam Iliacas vestes notumque cubile 
Conspexit, paulum lacrimis et mente morata, 
Incubuitque toro, dixitque novissima verba : 650 

11 Bulces exuviae, dum fata deusque sinebat, 
Accipite hanc animam, meque his exsolvite curis. 
Yixi, et, quern dederat cursum Fortuna, peregi, 
Et nunc magna mei sub terras ibit imago. 
Urbem praeclaram statui, mea moenia vidi ; 655 

XJlta virum, poenas inimico a fratre recepi : 
Felix, heu nimium felix, si litora tan turn 
Numquam Dardaniae tetigissent nostra carinae!" 
Dixit, et, os impressa toro, " Moriemur inUltae ; 
Sed moriamur ! w ait : n sic, sic juvat ire sub umbras. 660 
Hauriat hunc oculis ignem crudelis ab alto 
Dardanus, et nostrae secum ferat omina mortis." 
Dixerat ; atque illam media inter talia ferro 
Collapsam aspiciunt comites, ensemque cruore 
Spumantem, sparsasque manus. It clamor ad alta 66.5 
Atria ; concussam bacchatur Fama per urbem ; 



90 VERGILI AENEIS IV. 

Lamentis geniituque et femineo ululatu 
Tecta fremunt ; resonat magnis plangoribus aether, 
Non aliter quam si immissis mat hostibus omnis 
Carthago aut antiqua Tyros, flammaeque furentes 670 
Culmina perque hominum volvantur perque deorum. 
Audiit exanimis, trepidoque exterrita cursu, 
Unguibus ora soror foedans et pectora pugnis, 
Per niedios ruit, ae morientem nomine clamat : 
" Hoc illud, germana, fuit ? me fraude petebas ? 615 
Hoc rogus iste mihi, hoc ignes araeque parabant? 
Quid primum deserta querar? comitemne sororem 
Sprevisti moriens ? Eadem me ad fata vocasses ; 
Idem ambas ferro dolor atque eadem hora tulisset ! 
His etiam struxi manibus, patriosque vocavi 680 

Voce deos, sic te ut posita, crudelis, abessem ? 
Exstinxti te meque, soror, populumque patresque 
Sidonios urbemque tuam. Date, vulnera lymphis 
Abluam, et, extremus si quis super halitus errat, 
Ore legam." Sic fata gradus evaserat altos, 685 

Semianimemque sinu germanam amplexa fovebat 
Cum gemitu, atque atros siccabat veste cruores. 
Ilia, graves oculos conata attollere, rursus 
Deficit ; infixum stridit sub pectore vulnus. 
Ter sese attollens cubitoque annixa levavit ; 690 

Ter revoluta toro est, oculisque errantibus alto 
Quaesivit caelo lucem, ingemuitque reperta. 

Turn Juno omnipotens, longum miserata dolorem 
Difficilesque obitus, Irim demisit Olympo, 
Quae luctantem animam nexosque resolveret artus. 695 
Nam quia nee fato, merita nee morte peribat, 
Sed misera ante diem, subitoque accensa furore, 
Nondum illi flavum Proserpina vertice crinem 
Abstulerat, Stygioque caput damnaverat Oreo. 
Ergo Iris croceis per caelum roscida pennis, 700 

Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores, 
Devolat, et supra caput adstitit : " Hunc ego Diti 
Sacrum jussa fero, teque isto corpore solvo," 
Sic ait, et dextra crinem secat : omnis et una 
Dilapsus calor, atque in ventos vita recessit. 705 



P. VERGILI MARONIS 

A - E N E I D S 

LIBER QUINTUS. 

[nterea mediam Aeneas jam classe tenebat 
Certus iter, fluctusque atros Aquiione secabat, 
Moenia respieiens, quae jam infelicis Elissae 
Collucent flammis. Quae tantum accenderit igneiu, 
Causa latet ; duri magno sed amore dolores 5 

Polluto, notumque, furens quid femina possit, 
Triste per augurium Teucrorum pectora ducunt. 

Ut pelagus tenuere rates, nee jam amplius ulla 
Occurrit tellus, maria undique et undique caelum, 
Olli caeruleus supra caput adstitit imber, 1 

Noctem hiememque ferens, et inhorruit unda tenebris. 
Ipse gubernator puppi Palinurus ab alta : 
11 Heu, quianam tanti cinxerunt aethera nimbi ? 
Quidve, pater Neptune, paras ? " Sic deinde locutus 
Colligere arma jubet validisque incumbere remis, 15 
Obliquatque sinus in ventum, ac talia fatur : 
" Magnanime Aenea, non, si mihi Jupiter auctor 
Spondeat, hoc sperem Italiam contingere caelo. 
Mutati transversa fremunt et vespere ab atro 
Consurgunt venti, atque in nubem cogitur aer ; 20 

Nee nos obniti contra, nee tendere tantum 
Sufficimus. Superat quoniam Fortuna, sequamur, 
Quoque vocat, vertamus iter. Nee litora longe 
Fida reor fraterna Erycis portusque Sicanos, 
Si modo rite memor servata remetior astra." 25 

(91) 



92 VERGILI AENKIS V. 

Turn pius Aeneas : " Equidem sic poscere ventos 
Jamdudum et frustra cerno te tendere contra. 
Flecte viam velis. An sit mihi gratior ulla, 
Quove magis fessas optem demittere naves, 
Quam quae Dardanium tellus mihi servat Acesten, 30 
Et patris Anchisae gremio complectitur ossa ? n 
Haec ubi dicta, petunt portus, et vela secundi 
Intendunt Zephyri : fertur cita gurgite classis, 
Et tandem laeti notae advertuntur arenae. 

At procul ex celso miratus vertice montis 35 

Adventum sociasque rates, occurrit Acestes, 
Horridus in jaculis et pelle Libystidis ursae, 
Tro'ia Criniso conceptum flumine mater 
Quern genuit. Yeterum non immemor ille parentum, 
Gratatur reduces, et gaza laetus agresti 40 

Excipit, ac fessos opibus solatur amicis. 

Postera quum primo Stellas Oriente fugarat 
Clara dies, socios in coetum litore ab omni 
Advocat Aeneas, tumulique ex aggere fatur : 
" Dardanidae magni, genus alto a sanguine divum, 45 
Annuus exactis completur mensibus orbis, 
Ex quo reliquias divinique ossa parentis 
Condidimus terra, maestasque sacravimus aras ; 
Jamque dies, nisi fall or, adest, quern semper acerbum, 
Semper honoratum (sic di voluistis) habebo. 50 

Hunc ego Gaetulis agerem si Syrtibus exsul, 
Argolicove mari deprensus, et urbe Mycenae, 
Annua vota tamen sollemnesque ordine pompas 
Exsequerer, strueremque suis altaria donis. 
Nunc ultro ad cineres ipsius et ossa parentis, 55 

(Haud equidem sine mente reor, sine numine divum,) 
Adsumus, et portus delati intramus amicos : 
Ergo agite, et laetum cuncti celebremus honorem ; 
Poscamus ventos, atque haec me sacra quotannis 
Urbe velit posita templis sibi ferre dicatis. 60 

Bina bourn vobis Troja generatus Acestes 
Dat numero capita in naves ; adhibete Penate3 



\VERGILI AENEIS V. 93 

Et patrios epulis, et quos colit hospes Acestes 

Praeterea, si nona diem mortalibus almum 

Aurora extulerit radiisque retexerit orbem, 65 

Prima citae Teucris ponam certamina classis ; 

Quique pedum cursu valet, et qui viribus audax 

Aut jaculo incedit melior levibusque sagittis, 

Seu crudo fidit pugnam eommittere caestu, 

Cuncti adsint, meritaeque exspectent praemia palmae. TO 

Ore favete omnes, et cingite tempora raniis." 

Sic fatus, velat materna tempora myrto. 
Hoc Helymus facit, hoc aevi maturus Acestes, 
Hoc puer Ascanius, sequitur quos cetera pubes. 
Ille e concilio multis cum milibus ibat 75 

Ad tumulum, magna medius comitante caterva. 
Hie duo rite mero libans carchesia Baccho 
Fundit humi, duo lacte novo, duo sanguine sacro, 
Purpureosque jacit flores, ac talia fatur: 
" Salve, sancte parens ; iterum salvete, recepti 80 

Nequidquam cineres, animaeque umbraeque paternae ! 
Non licuit fines Italos fataliaque arva, 
Nee tecum Ausonium, quicumque est, quaerere Thy- 

brim." 
Dixerat haec, adytis quum lubricus anguis ab imis 
Septem ingens gyros, septena volumina traxit, 85 

Amplexus placide tumulum, lapsusque per aras, 
Caeruleae cui terga notae, maculosus et auro 
Squamam incendebat fulgor, ceu nubibus arcus 
Mille jacit varios ad verso sole colores. 
Obstupuit visu Aeneas. Ille agmine longo 90 

Tandem inter pateras et levia pocula serpens 
Libavitque dapes, rursusque innoxius imo 
Successit tumulo, et depasta altaria liquit. 
Hoc magis inceptos genitori instaurat honores, 
Incertus, Geniumne loci famulumne parentis 95 

Esse putet ; caedit binas de more bidentes 
Totque sues, totidemque nigrantes terga juvencos, 
Vinaque fundebat pateris, animamque vocabat 
Anchisae magni Manesque Acheronte remissos. 



94 VERGILI AENEIS V. 

Nec non et socii, quae cuique est copia, laeti 100 

Dona ferunt: onerant aras, maetantque juvencos; 
Ordine aena locant alii, fusique per herbani 
Subjiciunt veribus prunas et viscera torrent. 

• 
Exspectata dies aderat nonamque serena 
Auroram Phaethontis equi jam luce vehebant, 105 

Famaque finitimos et clari nomen Acestae 
Excierat : laeto complebant litora coetu, 
Visuri Aeneadas, pars et certare parati. 
Munera principio ante oculos circoque locantur 
In medio, sacri tripodes viridesque coronae 110 

Et palmae, pretium victoribus, armaque et ostro 
Perfusae vestes, argenti aurique talenta ; 
Et tuba commissos medio canit aggere ludos. 
Prima pares ineunt gravibus certamina remis 
Quattuor ex omni delectae classe carinae. 115 

Velocem Mnestheus agit acri remige Pristim, 
(Mox Italus Mnestheus, genus a quo nomine Memmi ;) 
Ingentemque Gyas ingenti mole Chimaeram, 
Urbis opus, triplici pubes quam Dardana versu 
Impellunt, terno consurgunt ordine remi; 120 

Sergestusque, domus tenet a quo Sergia nomen, 
Centauro invehitur magna ; Scyllaque Cloanthus 
Caerulea, genus unde tibi, Romane Cluenti. 

Est procul in pelago saxum spumantia contra 
Litora, quod tumidis submersum tunditur olim 125 
Fluctibus, hiberni condunt ubi sidera Cori ; 
Tranquillo silet, immotaque attollitur unda 
Campus et apricis statio gratissima mergis : 
Hie viridem Aeneas frondenti ex ilice metam 
Constituit signum nautis pater, unde reverti 130 

Scirent et longos ubi circumflectere cursus. 
Turn loca sorte legunt, ipsique in puppibus auro 
Ductores longe effulgent ostroque decori ; 
Cetera populea velatur fronde juventus, 
Nudatosque humeros oleo perfusa nitescit. 135 

Considunt transtris, intentaque brachia remis; 



VERGILI AENEIS V. 95 

Intenti exspectant signum, exsultantiaque haurit 
Corda pavor pulsans laudumque arrecta cupido. 
Inde, ubi clara dedit sonitum tuba, finibus omnes, 
Haud mora, prosiluere suis : ferit aethera clamor 140 
Nauticus, adductis spumant freta versa lacertis. 
Infindunt pariter sulcos, totumque dehiscit 
Convulsum remis rostrisque tridentibus aequor. 
Non tarn praecipites bijugo certamine campum 
Corripuere ruuntque effusi carcere currus, 145 

Nee sic immissis aurigae undantia lora 
Concussere jugis, pronique in verbera pendent. 
Turn plausu fremituque virum studiisque faventum 
Consonat omne nemus, vocemque inclusa volutant 
Litora, pulsati colles clamore resultant. 150 

Effugit ante alios primisque elabitur undis 
Turbam inter fremitumque Gyas ; quern deinde Cloan- 

thus 
Consequitur, melior remis, sed pondere pinus 
Tarda tenet. Post hos aequo discrimine Pristis 
Centaurusque locum tendunt superare priorem ; 155 
Et nunc Pristis habet, nunc victam praeterit ingens 
Centaurus, nunc una ambae junctisque feruntur 
Frontibus et longa sulcant vada salsa carina. 
Jamque propinquabant scopulo metamque tenebant, 
Quum princeps medioque Gyas in gurgite victor 160 
Rectorem navis compellat voce Menoeten : 
V Quo tantum mihi dexter abis ? Hue dirige gressum ! 
Litus ama, et laevas stringat, sine, palmula cautes; 
Altum alii teneant 1 " Dixit ; sed caeca Menoetes 
Saxa timens, proram pelagi detorquet ad undas. 165 
" Quo diversus abis ? " iterum " Pete saxa, Menoete ! " 
Cum clamore Gyas revocabat; et ecce Cloanthum 
Respicit instantem tergo, et propiora tenentem. 
Hie inter navemque Gyae scopulosque sonantes 
Radit iter laevum interior, subitoque priorem 1T0 

Praeterit, et metis tercet aequora tuta relictis. 
Turn vero exarsit juveni dolor ossibus ingens, 
Nee lacrimis caruere genae, segnemque Menoeten, 
Oblitus decorisque sui sociumque salutis, 



96 VERGILI AENEIS V. 

In mare praecipitem puppi deturbat ab alta ; 175 

Ipse gubernaclo rector subit, ipse magister, 
Hortaturque viros, clavumque ad litora torquet. 
At gravis, ut fundo vix tandem redditus imo est, 
Jam senior, madidaque fluens in veste, Menoetes 
Summa petit scopuli, siccaque in rupe resedit. 180 

Ilium et labentem Teucri et risere natantem, 
Et salsos rident revomentem pectore fluctus. 
Hie laeta extremis spes est accensa duobus, 
Sergesto Mnesthique, Gyan superare morantem. 
Sergestus capit ante locum, scopuloque propinquat, 185 
Nee tota tamen ille prior praeeunte carina : 
Parte prior, partem rostro premit aemula Pristis. 
At media socios incedens nave per ipsos 
Hortatur Mnestheus : "Nunc, nunc insurgite remis, 
Hectorei socii, Trojae quos sorte suprema 190 

Delegi comites ; nunc illas promite vires, 
Nunc animos, quibus in Gaetulis syrtibus usi 
Tonioque mari Maleaeque sequacibus undis. 
Non jam prima peto Mnestheus, neque vincere certo; 
(Quamquam ol — Sed superent, quibus hoc, Neptune, 
dedisti) ; 195 

Extremos pudeat rediisse. Hoc vincite, cives, 
Et prohibete nefas." Olli certamine summo 
Procumbunt: vastis tremit ictibus aerea puppis, 
Subtrahiturque solum ; turn creber anhelitus artus 
Aridaque ora quatit, sudor fluit undique rivis. 200 

Attulit ipse viris optatum casus honorem : 
Namque furens animi dum proram ad saxa suburget 
Interior spatioque subit Sergestus iniquo, 
Infelix saxis in procurrentibus haesit. 
Concussae cautes, et acuto in murice remi 205 

Obnixi crepuere, illisaque prora pependit. 
Consurgunt nautae et magno clamore morantur, 
Ferratasque trudes et acuta cuspide contos 
Expediunt, fractosque legunt in gurgite remos. 
At laetus Mnestheus, successuque acrior ipso, 210 

Agmine remorum celeri ventisque vocatis 
Prona petit maria et pelago decurrit aperto. 



VKRGILI AENEIS V. 97 

Qualis spelunea subito commota columba, 
Cui domus et dulces latebroso in pumice nidi, 
Fcrtur in arva volans, plausumque exterrita penni3 215 
Dat tecto ingentem, mox aere lapsa quieto 
lladit iter liquidum, celeres neque commovet alas, 
Sic Mnestheus, sic ipsa fuga secat ultima Pristis 
Aequora, sic illam fert impetus ipse volantem. 
Et primum in scopulo luctantem deserit alto 220 

Sergestum brevibusque vadis, frustraque vocantem 
Auxilia et fractis discentem currere remis. 
Inde Gyan ipsamque ingenti mole Chimaeram 
Consequitur : cedit, quoniam spoliata magistro est. 
Solus jamque ipso superest in fine Cloanthus, 225 

Quern petit, et summis annixus viribus urget. 
Turn vero ingeminat clamor, cunctique sequentem 
Instigant studiis, resonatque fragoribus aether. 
Hi proprium decus et partum indignantur honorem 
Ni teneant, vitamque volunt pro laude pacisci ; 230 
Hos successus alit : possunt, quia posse videntur. 
Et fors aequatis cepissent praemia rostris, 
Ni palmas ponto tendens utrasque Cloanthus 
Eudissetque preces, divosque in vota vocasset : 
" Di, quibus imperium estpelagi, quorum aequora curro, 
Vobis laetus ego hoc candentem in litore taurum 236 
Constituam ante aras, voti reus, extaque salsos 
Porriciam in fluctus, et vina liquentia fundam 1 n 
Dixit, eumque imis sub fluctibus audiit omnis 
Nere'idum Phorcique chorus Panopeaque vdrgo, 240 
Et pater ipse manu magna Portunus euntem 
Impulit : ilia Noto citius volucrique sagitta 
Ad terram fugit, et portu se condidit alto. 
Turn satus Anchisa, cunctis ex more vocatis, 
Victorem magna praeconis voce Cloanthum 245 

Declarat, viridique advelat tempora lauro, 
Muneraque in naves ternos optare juvencos, 
Yinaque, et argenti magnum dat ferre talentum. 
Ipsis praecipuos ductoribus addit honores : 
Victori chlamydem auratam, quam plurima circum 250 
Purpura Maeandro duplici Meliboea cucurrit ; 
7 Vir. 



98 VERGILI AEJSTEIS V. 

Intextusque puer frondosa regius Ida 
Yeloces j aculo cervos cursuque f atigat, 
Acer, anhelanti similis, quern praepes ab Ida 
Sublirnem pedibus rapuit Jovis armiger uncis ; 255 

Longaevi palmas nequidquam ad sidera tendunt 
Custodes, saevitque canum latratus in auras. 
At qui deinde locum tenuit virtute secundum, 
Levibus huic hamis consertam auroque trilicem 
Loricam, quam Demoleo detraxerat ipse 260 

Victor apud rapidum Simoenta sub Ilio alto, 
Donat habere viro, decus et tutamen in armis. 
Yix illam famuli Phegeus Sagarisque ferebant 
Multiplicem, connixi humeri s ; indutus at olim 
Demoleos cursu pal antes Troas agebat. 265 

Tertia dona facit geminos ex aere lebetas, 
Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis, 
Jamque adeo donati omnes opibusque superbi 
Puniceis ibant evincti tempora taeniis, 
Quum saevo e scopulo multa vix arte revulsus, 270 
Amissis remis atque ordine debilis uno, 
Irrisam sine honore ratem Sergestus agebat. 
Qualis saepe viae deprensus in aggere serpens, 
Aerea quern obliquum rota transiit, aut gravis ictu 
Seminecem liquit saxo lacerumque viator, 215 

Nequidquam longos fugiens dat corpore tortus, 
Parte ferox, ardensque oculis, et sibila colla 
Arduus attollens, pars vulnere clauda retentat 
Nixantem nodis seque in sua membra plicantem : 
Tali remigio navis se tarda movebat ; 280 

Yela facit tamen, et plenis subit ostia velis. 
Sergestum Aeneas promisso munere donat, 
Servatam ob navem laetus sociosque reductos. 
Olli serva datur, operum haud ignara Minervae, 
Cressa genus, Pholoe, geminique sub ubere nati. 285 

Hoc pius Aeneas misso certamine tendit 
Gramineum in campum, quern collibus undique curvis 
Cingebant silvae, mediaque in valle theatri 
Circus erat ; quo se multis cum milibus heros 



VERGILI AENEIS V. 99 

Consessu medium tulit exstructoque resedit. 290 

Hie, qui forte velint rapido contendere cursu, 

Invitat pretiis animos, et praemia ponit. 

Undique conveniunt Teueri mixtique Sicani : 

Nisus et Euryalus priini, 

Euryalus forma insignis viridique juventa, 295 

Nisus amore pio pueri ; quos deinde secutus 

Regius egregia Priami de stirpe Diores ; 

i iunc Salius simul et Patron, quorum alter Acarnan, 

Alter ab Arcadio Tegeaeae sanguine gentis ; 

Turn duo Trinacrii juvenes, Helynms Panopesque, 300 

Assueti silvis, eomites senioris Acestae ; 

Multi praeterea, quos fama obscura recondit. 

Aeneas quibus in mediis sic deinde locutus : 

" Accipite haec animis, laetasque advertite mentes. 

Nemo ex hoc numero mihi non donatus abibit. 305 

Gnosia bina dabo levato lucida ferro 

Spicula caelatamque argento ferre bipennem : 

Omnibus hie erit unus honos. Tres praemia primi 

Accipient, flavaque caput nectentur oliva : 

Primus equum phaleris insignem victor habeto ; 310 

Alter Amazoniam pharetram plenamque sagittis 

Threiciis, lato quam circum amplectitur auro 

Balteus, et tereti subnectit fibula gemma ; 

Tertius Argolica hac galea contentus abito." 

Haec ubi dicta, locum capiunt, signoque repente 315 

Corripiunt spatia audito, limenque relinquunt, 

Effusi nimbo similes ; simul ultima signant. 

Primus abit longeque ante omnia corpora Nisus 

Emicat, et ventis et fulminis ocior alis ; 

Proximus huic, longo sed proximus intervallo, 320 

Insequitur Salius ; spatio post deinde relieto 

Tertius Euryalus ; 

Euryalumque Helymus sequitur ; quo deinde sub ipso 

Ecce volat calcemque terit jam calce Diores, 

Incumbens humero ; spatia et si plura supersint, 325 

Transeat elapsus prior, ambiguumque relinquat. 

Jamque fere spatio extremo fessique sub ipsam 

Finem adventabant, levi quum sanguine Nisus 

L.ofC 



100 VERGTLI AENEIS V. 

Labitur infelix, caesis ut forte juvencis 

Fusus humum viridesque super madefecerat herbas. 330 

Hie juvenis jam victor ovans vestigia presso 

Haud temiit titubata solo, sed pronus in ipso 

Concidit immundoque fimo sacroque eruore. 

Non tamen Euryali, non ille oblitus amorum : 

Nam sese opposuit Salio per lubrica surgens ; 335 

Ille autem spissa jacuit revolutus arena. 

Emieat Euryalus, et munere victor amici 

Prima tenet, plausuque volat fremituque secundo. 

Post Helymus subit, et nunc tertia palma Diores. 

Hie totum caveae consessum ingentis et ora 340 

Prima patrum magnis Salius clamoribus implet, 

Ereptumque dolo reddi sibi poscit honorem. 

Tutatur favor Euryalum, lacrimaeque decorae, 

Gratior et pulchro veniens in corpore virtus ; 

Adjuvat et magna proclamat voce Diores, 345 

Qui subiit palmae, frustraque ad praemia venit 

Ultima, si primi Salio reddentur honores. 

Turn pater Aeneas "Vestra" inquit " munera vobis 

Certa manent, pueri, et palmam movet ordine nemo ; 

Me Jiceat casus miserari insontis amici." 350 

Sic fatus, tergum Gaetuli immane leonis 

Dat Salio, villis onerosum atque unguibus aureis. 

Hie Nisus " Si tanta " inquit " sunt praemia victis, 

Et te lapsorum miseret, quae munera Niso 

Digna dabis, primam merui qui laude coronam, 355 

Ni me, quae Salium, Fortuna inimica tulisset ? " 

Et simul his dictis faciem ostentabat et udo 

Turpia membra fimo. Risit pater optimus olli, 

Et clipeum efferri jussit, Didymaonis artem, 

Neptuni sacro Danais de poste refixum. 360 

Hoc juvenem egregium praestanti munere donat. 

Post, ubi confecti cursus, et dona peregit : 
11 Nunc, si cui virtus animusque in pectore praesens, 
Adsit, et evinctis attollat brachia palmis." 
Sic ait, et geminum pugnae proponit honorem : 365 
Victori velatum auro vittisque juvencum ; 



VERGILI AENEIS V. 101 

Enseni atque insignem galeam solatia victo. 

Nee mora ; continuo vastis cum viribus effert 

Ora Dares, magnoque virum se murmure tollit, 

Solus qui Paridem solitus contendere contra, 310 

Idemque ad tumulum, quo maximus occubat Hector, 

Yictorem Buten immani corpore, qui se 

Bebrycia veniens Amyci de gente ferebat, 

Perculit et fulva moribundum extendit arena. 

Talis prima Dares caput altum in proelia tollit, 375 

Ostenditque humeros latos, alternaque jactat 

Brachia protendens, et verberat ictibus auras. 

Quaeritur huic alius ; nee quisquam ex agniine tanto 

Audet adire virum manibusque inducere caestus. 

Ergo alacris, cunctosque putans excedere palma, 380 

Aeneae stetit ante pedes, nee plura moratus 

Turn laeva taurum cornu tenet, atque ita fatur: 

" Nate dea, si nemo audet se credere pugnae, 

Quae finis standi ? quo me decet usque teneri ? 

Ducere donajube." Cuncti simul ore fremebant 385 

Dardanidae, reddique viro promissa jubebant. 

Hie gravis Entellum dictis castigat Acestes, 

Proximus ut viridante toro consederat herbae : 

" Entelle, heroum quondam fortissime frustra, 

Tantane tarn patiens nullo certamine tolli 390 

Dona sines ? Ubi nunc nobis deus ille magister, 

Nequidquam memoratus Eryx ? ubi fama per omnem 

Trinacriam, et spolia ilia tuis pendentia tectis ? " 

Ille sub haec : " Non laudis amor, nee gloria cessit 

Pulsa metu; sed enim gelidus tardante senecta 395 

Sanguis hebet, frigentque effetae in corpore vires. 

Si mihi, quae quondam faerat, quaque improbus iste 

Exsultat fidens, si nunc foret ilia juventas, 

Haud equidem pretio inductus pulchroque juvenco 

Venissem: nee dona nioror." Sic deinde locutus 400 

In medium geminos immani pondere caestus 

Projecit, quibus acer Eryx in proelia suetus 

Ferre manum duroque intendere brachia tergo. 

Obstupuere animi : tantorum ingentia septem 

Terga bourn plumbo insuto ferroque rigebant. 405 



102 VERGILI AENEIS V. 

Ante omnes stupet ipse Dares, longeque recusat ; 
Magnanimusque Anchisiades et pondus et ipsa 
Hue illuc vincloruin immensa volumina versat. 
Turn senior tales referebat pectore voces : 
" Quid, si quis caestus ipsius et Herculis arma 410 

Yidisset, tristemque hoc ipso in litore pugnam ? 
Haec germ anus Eryx quondam tuus arma gerebat 
(Sanguine cernis adhuc sparsoque infecta cerebro), 
His magnum Alciden contra stetit; his ego suetus, 
Dum melior vires sanguis dabat, aemula necdum 415 
Temporibus geminis canebat sparsa senectus. 
Sed si nostra Dares haec Troius arma recusat, 
Idque pio sedet Aeneae, probat auctor Acestes, 
Aequemus pugnas : Erycis tibi terga remitto, 
(Solve metus), et tu Trojanos exue caestus." 420 

Haec fatus duplicem ex humeris rejecit amictum, 
Et magnos membrorum artus, magna ossa lacertosque 
Exuit, atque ingens media consistit arena. 
Turn satus Anchisa caestus pater extulit aequos, 
Et paribus palmas amborum innexuit armis. 425 

Constitit in digitos extemplo arrectus uterque, 
Brachiaque ad superas interritus extulit auras. 
Abduxere retro longe capita ardua ab ictu, 
Immiscentque manus manibus, pugnamque lacessunt, 
Hie pedum melior motu, fretusque juventa, 430 

Hie membris et mole valens ; sed tarda trementi 
Genua labant, vastos quatit aeger anhelitus artus. 
Multa viri nequidquam inter se vulnera jactant, 
Multa cavo lateri ingeminant, et pectore vastos 
Dant sonitus, erratque aures et tempore circum 435 
Orebra manus, duro crepitant sub vulnere malae. 
Stat gravis Entellus, nisuque immotus eodem, 
Corpore tela modo atque oculis vigilantibus exit. 
Ille, velut celsam oppugnat qui molibus urbem, 
Aut montana sedet circum castella sub armis, 440 

Nunc hos, nunc illos aditus, omnemque pererrat 
Arte locum, et variis assultibus irritus urget. 
Ostendit dextram insurgens Entellus et alte 
Extulit ; ille ietum venientem a vertice velox 



VERGILI AENEIS V. 103 

Praevidit. celerique elapsus corpore cessit • 445 

Entellus vires in ventum effudit, et ultro 

Ipse gravis graviterque ad terram pondere vasto 

Coneidit, ut quondam cava concidit, aut Eryniantho 

Aut Ida in magna, radicibus eruta pinus. 

Consurgunt studiis Teucri et Trinacria pubes ; 450 

It clamor caelo, primusque accarrit Acestes, 

Aequaevumque ab humo miserans attollit amicum. 

At non tardatus casu neque territus heros 

Acrior ad pugnam redit, ac vim suscitat ira. 

Turn pudor incendit vires et conscia virtus, 455 

Praecipitemque Daren ardens agit aequore toto, 

Nunc dextra ingeminans ictus, nunc ille sinistra. 

Nee mora, nee requies : quam multa grandine nimbi 

Culminibus crepitant, sic densis ictibus heros 

Creber utraque manu pulsat versatque Dareta. 460 

Turn pater Aeneas procedere longius iras 

Et saevire animis Entellum haud passus acerbis, 

Sed finem imposuit pugnae, fessumque Dareta 

Eripuit, mulcens dictis, ac talia fatur : 

" Infelix, quae tanta animum dementia cepit ? 465 

Non vires alias conversaque numina sentis ? 

Cede deo ! " Dixitque, et proelia voce diremit. 

Ast ilium fidi aequales, genua aegra trahentem, 

Jactantemque utroque caput, crassumque cruorem 

Ore ejectantem mixtosque in sanguine dentes, 410 

Ducunt ad naves, galeamque ensemque vocati 

Accipiunt; palmam Entello taurumque relinquunt. 

Hie victor, superans animis tauroque superbus, 

" Nate dea, vosque haec " inquit " cognoscite, Teucri, 

Et mihi quae fuerint juvenali in corpore vires, 4*75 

Et qua servetis revocatum a morte Dareta." 

Dixit, et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci, 

Qui donum adstabat pugnae, durosque reducta 

Libravit dextra media inter cornua caestus, 

Arduus, effractoque illisit in ossa cerebro : 480 

Sternitur, exanimisque tremens procumbit huini bos. 

Ille super tales effundit pectore voces : 

" Hanc tibi, Eryx, meliorem animam pro morte Daretis 

Persolvo ; hie victor caestus artemque repono." 



104 VERGILI AENEIS V. 

Protinus Aeneas celeri certare sagitta 485 

Invitat, qui forte velint, et praemia dicit, 
Ingentique manu malum de nave Seresti 
Erigit, et volucrem trajecto in fune columbam, 
Quo tendant ferrum, malo suspendit ab alto. 
Convenere viri, dejectamque aerea sortem 490 

Accepit galea ; et primus clamore secundo 
Hyrtacidae ante omnes exit locus Hippocoontis; 
Quern modo navali Mnestheus certamine victor 
Consequitur, viridi Mnestheus evinctus oliva. 
Tertius Eurytion, tuus, o clarissime, frater, 495 

Pandare, qui quondam, jussus confundere foedus, 
In medios telum torsisti primus Achivos. 
Extremus galeaque ima subsedit Acestes, 
Ausus et ipse manu juvenum tentare laborem. 
Turn validis flexos incurvant viribus arcus 500 

Pro se quisque viri, et depromunt tela pharetris 
Primaque per caelum nervo stridente sagitta 
Hyrtacidae juvenis volucres diverberat auras, 
Et venit adversique infigitur arbore mali. 
Intremuit malus, timuitque exterrita pennis 505 

Ales, et ingenti sonuerunt omnia plausu. 
Post acer Mnestheus adducto constitit arcu, 
Alta petens, pariterque oculos telumque tetendit ; 
Ast ipsam miserandus avem contingere ferro 
Nonvaluit; nodos et vincula linea rupit, 510 

Quis innexa pedem malo pendebat ab alto; 
Ilia Notos atque atra volans in nubila fugit. 
Turn rapidus, jamdudum arcu contenta parato 
Tela tenens, fratrem Eurytion in vota vocavit, 
Jam vacuo laetam caelo speculatus, et alis 515 

Plaudentem nigra figit sub nube columbam. 
Decidit exanimis, vitamque reliquit in astris 
Aetheriis, fixamque refert delapsa sagittam. 
Amissa solus palma superabat Acestes, 
Qui tamen aerias telum contendit in auras, 520 

Ostentans artemque pater arcumque sonantem. 
Hie oculis subitum objicitur magnoque futurum 
Augurio monstrum : docuit post exitus ingens, 



VERGILI AENEIS V. 105 

Seraque terrifici cecinerunt omina vates. 
Naraque volans liquidis in nubibus arsit arundo, 525 
Signavitque viam flammis, tenuesque recessit 
Consurapta in ventos, caelo ceu saepe refixa 
Transcurrunt crinemque volantia sidera ducunt. 
Attonitis haesere animis, Superosque precati 
Trinacrii Teucrique viri ; nee niaximus omen 530 

Abnuit Aeneas, sed laetum amplexus Acesten 
Muneribus cumulat magnis, ac talia fatu? : 
"•Sume, pater; nam te voluit rex magnus Olympi 
Talibus auspiciis exsortem ducere honores. 
Ipsius Anchisae longaevi hoc munus habebis, 535 

Cratera impressum signis, quern Thracius olim 
Anchisae genitori in magno munere Cisseus 
Ferre sui dederat monumentum et pignus amoris." 
Sic fatus cingit viridanti tempora lauro, 
Et primuni ante omnes victorem appellat Acesten. 540 
Nee bonus Eurytion praelato invidit honori, 
Quamvis solus avem caelo dejecit ab alto. 
Proximus ingreditur donis, qui vincula rupit, 
Extremus, volucri qui fixit arundine malum. 

At pater Aeneas, nondum certamine misso, 545 

Custodem ad sese comitemque impubis Iuli, 
Epytiden, vocat, et fidam sic fatur ad aurem : 
"Vade, age, et Ascanio, si jam puerile paratum 
Agmen habet secum cursusque instruxit equorum, 
Ducat avo turmas, et sese ostendat in armis 550 

Die," ait. Ipse omnem longo decedere circo 
Infusum populum et campos jubet esse patentes. 
Incedunt pueri, pariterque ante ora parentum 
Frenatis lucent in equis, quos omnis euntes 
Trinacriae mirata fremit Trojaeque juventus. 555 

Omnibus in morem tonsa coma pressa corona ; 
Cornea bina ferunt praefixa hastilia ferro ; 
Pars leves humero pharetras ; it pectore summo 
Flexilis obtorti per collum circulus auri. 
Tres equitum numero turmae, ternique vagantur 560 
Ductores ; pueri bis seni quemque secuti 



106 VERGILI AENEIS V. 

Agmine partito fulgent paribusque magistris. 
Una acies juvenum, duxit quam parvus ovantem 
Nomen avi referens Priamus, tua cara, Polite, 
Progenies, auctura Italos ; quern Thracius albis 565 
Portat equus bicolor maculis, vestigia primi 
Alba pedis frontenique ostentans arduus albam. 
Alter Atys, genus unde Atii duxere Latini, 
Parvus Atys, pueroque puer dilectus Iulo. 
Extremus, formaque ante omnes pulcher, lulus 510 

Sidonio est invectus equo, quern Candida Dido 
Esse sui dederat monumentum et pignus amoris. 
Cetera Trinacriis pubes senioris Acestae 
Fertur equis. 

Excipiunt plausu pavidos, gaudentque tuentes 515 

Dardanidae, veterumque agnoscunt ora parentum. 
Postquam omnem laeti consessum oeulosque suorum 
Lustravere in equis, signum clamore paratis 
Epytides longe dedit, insonuitque flagello. 
Olli discurrere pares atque agmina terni 580 

Diductis solvere choris, rursusque vocati 
Convertere vias infestaque tela tulere. 
Inde alios ineunt cursus aliosque recursus 
Adversis spatiis, alternosque orbibus orbes 
Impediunt, pugnaeque cient simulacra sub armis ; 585 
Et nunc terga fuga nudant, nunc spicula vertunt 
Infensi, facta pariter nunc pace feruntur. 
TJt quondam Creta fertur Labyrinthus in alta 
Parietibus textum caecis iter, ancipitemque 
Mille viis habuisse dolum, qua signa sequendi 590 

Frangeret indeprensus et irremeabilis error : 
Haud alio Teucriim nati vestigia cursu 
Impediunt, texuntque fugas et proelia ludo, 
Pelphinum similes, qui per maria humida nando 
Carpathium Libycumque secant, [luduntque per 
undas.] 595 

Hunc morem cursus atque haec certamina primus 
Ascanius, Longam muris quum cingeret Albam, 
Ketulit, et priscos docuit celebrare Latinos, 
Quo puer ipse modo, secum quo Tro'ia pubes ; 



VERGILI AENEIS V. 107 

Albani docuere suos ; hinc maxima porro 600 

Accepit Roma, et patrium servavit honorem ; 
Trojaque nunc, pueri Trojanum dicitur agmen. 
Hac celebrata tenus sancto certamina patri. 

Hie primum Fortuna fidem mutata novavit. 
Dum variis tumulo referunt sollemnia ludis, 605 

Irim de caelo misit Saturnia Juno 
Iliacam ad classem, ventosque adspirat eunti, 
Multa movens, necdum antiquum saturata dolorem. 
Ilia, viam celerans per mille coloribus arcum, 
Nulli visa, cito decurrit tramite virgo. 610 

Conspicit ingentem concursum, et litora lustrat, 
Desertosque videt portus classemque relictam. 
At procul in sola secretae Troades acta 
Amissum Anchisen flebant, cunctaeque profundum 
Pontum aspectabant flentes. ' Heu tot vada fessis 615 
Et tantum superesse maris V vox omnibus una. 
Urbem orant ; taedet pelagi perferre laborem. 
Ergo inter medias sese haud ignara nocendi 
Conjicit, et faciemque deae vestemque reponit ; 
Fit Beroe, Tmarii conjunx longaeva Dorycli, 620 

Cui genus et quondam nomen natique fuissent ; 
Ac sic Dardanidum mediam se matribus infert : 
11 O miserae, quas non manus," inquit, " Achaica bello 
Traxerit ad letum patriae sub moenibus ! o gens 
Infelix, cui te exitio Fortuna reservat ? 625 

Septima post Trojae excidium jam vertitur aestas, 
Quum freta, quum terras omnes, tot inhospita saxa 
Sideraque emensae ferimur, dum per mare magnum 
Italiam sequimur fugientem, et volvimur undis. 
Hie Erycis fines fraterni, atque hospes Acestes : 630 
Quis prohibet muros jacere et dare civibus urbem ? 
O patria et rapti nequidquam ex hoste Penates, 
Nullane jam Trojae dicentur moenia ? nusquam 
Hectoreos amnes, Xanthum et Simoenta, videbo ? 
Quin agite, et mecum infaustas exurite puppes : 635 
Nam mihi Cassandrae per somnum vatis imago 
Ardentes dare visa faces : 'Hie quaerite Trojam ; 



108 VERGILI AENEIS V. 

Hie domus est inquit ■ vobis.' Jam tempus agi res, 
Nee tantis mot a prodigiis. En quattuor arae 
Neptuno ; dens ipse faces animumque ministrat." 640 
Haec mernorans, prima infensum vi corripit ignem, 
Sublataque procul dextra connixa coruscat, 
Et jacit. Arrectae mentes stupefactaque corda 
Iliadum. Hie una e multis, quae maxima natu, 
Pyrgo, tot Priami natorum regia nutrix : 645 

" Non Beroe vobis, non haec Rhoeteia, maj;res, 
Est Dorycli conjunx : divini signa decoris 
Ardentesque notate oculos, qui spiritus illi, 
Qui vultus, vocisque sonus, vel gressus eunti. 
Ipsa egomet dudum Beroen digressa reliqui 650 

Aegram, indignantem, tali quod sola careret 
Munere, nee meritos Anchisae inferret h^nores." 
Haec effata. 

At matres primo ancipites, oculisque malignis 
Ambiguae spectare rates miserum inter amorem 655 
Praesentis terrae fatisque vocantia regna : 
Quum dea se paribus per caelum sustulit alis, 
Ingentemque fuga secuit sub nubibus arcum. 
Turn vero attonitae monstris actaeque furore 
Conclamant, rapiuntque focis penetralibus ignem ; 660 
Pars spoliant aras, frondem ac virgulta facesque 
Conjiciunt. Furit immissis Yulcanus habenis 
Transtra per et remos et pictas abiete puppes. 
Nuntius Anchisae ad tumulum cuneosque theatri 
Incensas perfert naves Eumelus, et ipsi 665 

Respiciunt atram in nimbo volitare fa villain; 
Primus et Ascanius, cursus ut laetus equestres 
Ducebat, sic acer equo turbata petivit 
Castra, nee exanimes possunt retinere magistri. 
" Quis furor iste novus ? quo nunc, quo tenditis " inquit, 
" Heu miserae cives ? non hostem inimicaque castra 6 7 1 
Argivum, vestras spes uritis. En, ego vester 
Ascanius ! " Galeam ante pedes projecit inanem, 
Qua ludo indutus belli simulacra ciebat. 
Accelerat simul Aeneas, simul agmina Teucrum. 675" 
Ast illae diversa metu per litora passim 
Diffugiunt, silvasque et sicubi concava furtim 



VERGILI AENEIS V. 109 

Saxa petunt; piget incepti, lucisque; suosque 

Mutatae agnoscunt, excussaque pectore Juno est. 

Sed non idcirco flammae atque incendia vires 680 

Indomitas posuere ; udo sub robore vivit 

Stuppa vomens tardum fuinuin, lentusque carinas 

Est vapor, et toto descendit corpore pestis ; 

Nee vires heroum infusaque flumina prosunt. 

Turn pius Aeneas humeris abscindere vestem, 685 

Auxilioque vocare deos, et tendere palmas : 

" Jupiter omnipotens, si nondum exosu's ad unura 

Trojanos, si quid pietas antiqua labores 

Respicit humanos, da flammam evadere classi 

Nunc, pater, et tenues Teucrum res eripe leto ; 690 

Yel tu, quod superest, infesto fulraine Morti, 

Si mereor, demitte, tuaque hie obrue dextra." 

Vix haec ediderat, quum effusis imbribus atra 

Tempestas sine more furit, tonitruque tremescunt 

Ardua terrarum et campi ; ruit aethere toto 695 

Turbidus imber aqua densisque nigerrimus Austris, 

Implenturque super puppes, semiusta madescunt 

Robora ; restinctus donee vapor omnis, et omnes, 

Quattuor aniissis, servatae a peste carinae. 

At pater Aeneas, casu concussus acerbo, TOO 

Nunc hue ingentes nunc illuc pectore curas 
Mutabat versans, Siculisne resideret arvis, 
Oblitus fatorum, Italasne capesseret oras. 
Turn senior Nautes, unum Tritonia Pallas 
Quern docuit multaque insignem reddidit arte, 705 

(Haec responsa dabat, vel quae portenderet ira 
Magna deum, vel quae fatorum posceret ordo,) 
Isque his Aenean solatus vocibus infit : 
"Nate dea, quo fata trahunt retrahuntque, sequamur ; 
Quidquid erit, superanda omnis fortuna ferendo est. 710 
Est tibi Dardanius divinae stirpis Acestes: 
Hunc cape consiliis socium et conjunge volentem. 
Huic trade, amissis superant qui navibus, et quos 
Pertaesum magni incepti rerumque tuarum est ; 
Longaevosque senes ac fessas aequore matres, 7L5 

Et quidquid tecum invalidum metuensque pericli est, 



110 VEEGILI AENEIS V. 

Delige, et his habeant terris sine moenia fessi : 
Urbem appellabunt permisso nomine Acestam." 

Talibus incensus dictis senioris ainici, 
Tum vero in curas animo diducitur omnes. 720 

Et Nox atra polum bigis subvecta tenebat. 
Visa dehinc caelo facies delapsa parentis 
Anchisae subito tales effundere voces : 
" Nate, mihi vita quondam, dum vita manebat, 
Care magis, nate, Iliacis exercite fatis, 725 

Imperio Jovis hue venio, qui classibus ignem 
Depulit, et caelo tandem miseratus ab alto est. 
Consiliis pare, quae nunc pulcherrima Nautes 
Dat senior ; lectos juvenes, fortissima corda, 
Defer in Italiam : gens dura atque aspera cultu 730 
Debellanda tibi est Latio. Ditis tamen ante 
Infernas accede domos, et Averna per alta 
Congressus pete, nate, meos. Non me impia namque 
Tartara habent, tristes umbrae, sed amoena pioruiu 
Concilia Elysiumque colo. Hue casta Sibylla 735 
Nigfarum multo pecudum te sanguine ducet. 
Tum genus onine tuum et quae dentur moenia disces. 
Jamque vale ; torquet medios Nox humida cursus, 
Et me saevus equis Oriens afflavit anhelis." 
Dixerat, et tenues fugit, ceu fumus, in auras. 740 

Aeneas " Quo deinde ruis ? quo proripis ? " inquit, 
" Quern fugis, aut quis te nostris complexibus arcet ? " 
Haec memorans cinerem et sopitos suscitat ignes, 
Pergameumque Larem et canae penetralia Yestae 
Farre pio et plena supplex veneratur acerra. 745 

Extemplo socios primumque arcessit Acesten, 
Et Jovis imperium et cari praecepta parentis 
Edocet, et quae nunc animo sententia constet. 
Haud mora consiliis, nee jussa recusat Acestes. 
Transcribunt urbi matres, populumque volentem 750 
Deponunt, animos nil magnae laudis egentes. 
Ipsi transtra novant, flammisque ambesa reponunt 
Robora navigiis, aptant remosque rudeniesque, 
Exigui numero, sed bello vivida virtus. 
Interea Aeneas urbem designat aratro, 755 



VERGILI AENEIS V. Ill 

Sortiturque domos ; hoc Ilium et haec loca Trojam 
Essejubet. Gaudet regno Trojanus Acestes, 
Indicitque forum, et patribus dat jura vocatis. 
Turn vicina astris Erycino in vertice sedes 
Fundatur Yeneri Idaliae, tumuloque sacerdos 760 

Ac lucus late sacer additur Anchiseo. 

Jamque dies epulata novem gens omnis, et aris 
Factus honos ; placidi straverunt aequora venti, 
Creber et adspirans rursus vocat Auster in altum. 
Exoritur procurva ingens per litora fletus ; 765 

Complexi inter se noctemque diemque morantur. 
Ipsae jam matres, ipsi, quibus aspera quondam 
Yisa maris facies et non tolerabile nomen, 
Ire volunt, omnemque fugae perferre laborem. 
Quos bonus Aeneas dictis solatur amicis, 770 

Et consanguineo lacrimans commendat Acestae. 
Tres Eryei vitulos, et Tempestatibus agnam 
Caedere deinde jubet, solvique ex ordine funem. 
Ipse, caput tonsae foliis evinctus olivae, 
Stans procul in prora pateram tenet, extaque salsos 775 
Porricit in fluctus, ac vina liquentia fundit. 
Prosequitur surgens a puppi ventus euntes ; 
Certatim socii feriunt mare et aequora verrunt. 

At Venus interea Neptunum exercita curis 
Alloquitur, talesque effundit pectore questus: 780 

" Junonis gravis ira neque exsaturabile pectus 
Cogunt me, Neptune, preces descendere in omnes, 
Quam nee longa dies, pietas nee mitigat ulla, 
Nee Jo vis imperio fatisque infracta quiescit. 
Non media de gente Phryguni exedisse nefandis 785 
Urbem odiis satis est, nee poenam traxe per omnem ; 
Reliquias Trojae, cineres atque ossa peremptae 
Insequitur. Causas tanti sciat ilia furoris. 
Ipse mihi nuper Libycis tu testis in undis, 
Quam molem subito excierit: maria omnia caelo 790 
Miscuit, Aeoliis nequidquam freta procellis, 
In regnis hoc ausa tuis. 
Per scelus ecce etiam Trojanis matribus actis 



112 VERGILI AENEIS V. 

Exussit foede puppes, et classe subegit 

Amissa socios ignotae linquere terrae. 795 

Quod superest, oro, liceat dare tuta per undas 

Vela tibi, liceat Laurentem attingere Thybrini, 

Si concessa peto, si dant ea moenia Parcae." 

Turn Saturnius haec domitor maris edidit alti : 

" Fas omne est, C ytherea, meis te fidere regnis, 800 

Unde genus ducis. Merui quoque : saepe furores 

Compressi et rabiem tantaru caelique marisque ; 

Nee minor in terris (Xanthum Simoentaque testor) 

Aeneae mihi cura tui. Quuni Tro'ia Achilles 

Exanimata sequens impingeret agmina muris, 805 

Milia multa daret leto, gemerentque repleti 

Amnes, nee reperire viam atque evolvere posset 

In mare se Xanthus, Pelidae tunc ego forti 

Congressum Aenean, nee dis nee viribus aequis, 

Nube cava rapui, cuperem quum vertere ab imo 810 

Structa meis manibus perjurae moenia Trojae. 

Nunc quoque mens eadem perstat mihi : pelle timores : 

Tutus, quos optas, portus accedet Averni. 

TJnus erit tantum, amissum quern gurgite quaeres : 

Unum pro multis dabitur caput." 815 

His ubi laeta deae permulsit pectora dictis, 

Jungit equos auro genitor, spumantiaque addit 

Frena feris, manibusque omnes effundit habenas. 

Caeruleo per summa levis volat aequora curru ; 

Subsidunt undae, tumidumque sub axe tonanti 820 

Sternitur aequor aquis, fugiunt vasto aethere nimbi. 

Turn variae comitum facies, immania cete, 

Et senior Glauci chorus, Inousque Palaemon, 

Tritonesque citi, Phorcique exercitus omnis ; 

Laeva tenet Thetis, et Melite, Panopeaque virgo, 825 

Nisaee, Spioque, Thaliaque, Cymodoceque. 

Hie patris Aeneae suspensam blanda vicissim 
Gaudia pertentant mentem: jubet ocius omnes 
Attolli malos, intendi brachia velis. 
Una omnes fecere pedem, pariterque sinistros, 830 

Nunc dextros solvere sinus ; una ardua torquent 
Cornua de torque ntque ; ferunt sua flamina classem. 



VERGILI AENEIS V. 113 

Princeps ante omnes densum Palinurus agebat 
Aginen ; ad hunc alii cursum contendere jussi. 
Jamque fere mediam caeli JNox humida metam 835 

Contigerat; placida laxabant membra quiete 
Sub remis fusi per dura sedilia nautae : 
Quuni. levis aetheriis delapsus Somnus ab astris 
Aera dimovit tenebrosum, et dispulit umbras, 
Te, Palinure, petens, tibi somnia tristia portans 840 
insonti ; puppique deus consedit in alta, 
Phorbanti similis, funditque has ore loquelas : 
"Iaside Palinure, ferunt ipsa aequora classem ; 
Aequatae spirant aurae ; datur hora quieti : 
Pone caput, fessosque oculos furare labori. 845 

Ipse ego paulisper pro te tua munera inibo." 
Cui vix attollens Palinurus lumina fatur : 
" Mene salis placidi vultum fluctusque quietos 
Ignorare jubes? mene huic conndere monstro? 
Aenean credam quid enim fallacibus auris 850 

Et caelo, toties deceptus fraude sereni?" 
Tali a dicta dabat, clavumque affixus et haerens 
Nusquam amittebat, oculosque sub astra tenebat. 
Ecce deus ramum Lethaeo rore madentem 
Vique soporatum Stygia super utraque quassat 855 
Tempora, cunctantique natantia lumina solvit. 
Vix primos inopina quies laxaverat artus, 
Et super incumbens, cum puppis parte revulsa 
Cumque gubernaclo, liquidas prqjecit in undas 
Praecipitem, ac socios nequidquam saepe vocantem: 860 
Ipse volans tenues se sustulit ales ad auras. 
Currit iter tutum non secius aequore classis, 
Promissisque patris Neptuni interrita fertur. 
Jamque adeo scopulos Sirenum advecta subibat, 
Difficiles quondam multorumque ossibus albos ; 865 
(Turn rauca assiduo longe sale saxa sonabant :) 
Quum pater amisso fluitantem errare magistro 
Sensit, et ipse ratem nocturnis rexit in undis, 
Multa gemens, casuque animum concussus amici : 
" nimium caelo et pelago confise sereno, 870 

Nudus in ignota, Palinure, jacebis arena." 
8 Vir. 



P. VERGILI MARONIS 

A E N E I D S 

LIBER SEXTUS. 

Sic fatur lacrimans, class ique immittit habenas, 

Et tandem Eubo'icis Cumarum allabitur oris. 

Obvertunt pelago proras ; turn dente tenaci 

Anchora fundabat naves, et litora curvae 

Praetexunt puppes. Juvenum manus eniicat ardens 5 

Litus in Hesperium : quaerit pars semina flammae 

Abstrusa in venis silicis ; pars densa ferarum 

Tecta rapit silvas, inventaque flumina monstrat. 

At pius Aeneas arces, quibus altus Apollo 

Praesidet, horrendaeque procul secreta Sibyllae, 10 

Antrum immane, petit, magnam eui mentem animumque 

Delius inspirat vates aperitque futura. 

Jam subeunt Triviae lucos atque aurea tecta. 

Daedalus, ut fama est, fugiens Minoia regna, 
Praepetibus pennis ausus se credere caelo, 15 

Insuetum per iter gelidas enavit ad Arctos, 
Chalcidicaque levis tandem super adstitit arce. 
Redditus his primum terris, tibi, Phoebe, sacravit 
Remigium alarum, posuitque immania templa. 
In foribus letum Androgeo ; turn pendere poenas 20 
Cecropidae jussi (miserum !) septena quotannis 
Corpora natorum : stat ductis sortibus urna. 
Contra elata mari respondet Gnosia tellus : 

(114) 



VERGILI AENEIS VI. 115 

Hie crudelis amor tauri, suppostaque furto 

Pasiphae, mixtumque genus prolesque biformis, 25 

Minotaurus, inest, Veneris monumenta nefandae ; 

Hie labor ille domus, et inextricabilis error ; 

Magnum reginae sed enim miseratus amorem 

Daedalus ipse dolos tecti ambagesque resolvit, 

Caeca regens filo vestigia. Tu quoque magnam 30 

Partem opere in tanto, sineret dolor, Icare, haberes : 

Bis conatus erat casus effingere in auro ; 

Bis patriae cecidere manus. Quin protinus omnia 

Perlegerent oculis, ni jam praemissus Achates 

Afforet, atque una Phoebi Triviaeque sacerdos, 35 

Deiphobe Glauci, fatur quae talia regi : 

" Non hoc ista sibi tempus spectacula poscit ; 

Nunc grege de intacto septem mactare juvencos 

Praestiterit, totidem lectas de more bidentes." 

Talibus affata Aenean (nee sacra morantur 40 

Jussa viri) Teucros vocat alta in templa sacerdos. 

Excisum Euboicae latus ingens rupis in antrum, 
Quo lati ducunt aditus centum, ostia centum ; 
Unde ruunt totidem voces, responsa Sibyllae. 
Yentum erat ad limen, quum virgo " Poscere fata 45 
Tempus " ait : " deus, ecce, deus ! " Cui, talia fanti 
Ante fores, subito non vultus, non color unus, 
Non comptae mansere comae ; sed pectus anhelum, 
Et rabie fera corda tument ; majorque videri, 
Nee mortale sonans, afflata est numine quando 50 

Jam propiore dei. " Cessas in vota precesque, 
Tros" ait "Aenea? cessas? neque enim ante dehiscent 
Attonitae magna ora domus ; " et talia fata 
Conticuit. Gelidus Teucris per dura cucurrit 
Ossa tremor, funditque preces rex pectore ab imo : 55 
" Phoebe, graves Trojae semper miserate labores, 
Dardana qui Paridis direxti tela manusque 
Corpus in Aeacidae, magnas obeuntia terras 
Tot maria intravi duce te, penitusque repostas 
Massylum gentes, praetentaque Syrtibus arva ; 60 

Jam tandem Italiae fugientis prendimus oras : 



116 VEROILI AENEIS VI. 

Hac Trojan a tenus fuerit Fortuna secata! 

Vos quoque Pergameae jam fas est parcere genti, 

Dique deaeque omnes, quibus obstitit Ilium et ingens 

Gloria Dardaniae. Tuque, o sanctissima vates, 65 

Praescia venturi, da (non indebita posco 

Regna meis fatis) Latio considere Teucros 

Errantesque deos agitataque numina Trojae. 

Turn Phoebo et Triviae solido de marmore templum 

Instituam, festosque dies de nomine Phoebi. 70 

Te quoque magna manent regnis penetralia nostris : 

Hie ego namque tuas sortes arcanaque fata, 

Dicta meae genti, ponam, lectosque sacrabo, 

Alma, viros. Foliis tantum ne carmina manda, 

Ne turbata volent rapidis ludibria ventis ; 15 

Ipsa canas oro." Fineni dedit ore loquendi. 

At, Phoebi nondum patiens, immanis in antro 
Bacchatur vates, magnum si pectore possit 
Excussisse deum : tanto magis ille fatigat 
Os rabidum, fera corda domans, fingitque preinendo. 80 
Ostia jamque domus patuere ingentia centum 
Sponte sua, vatisque ferunt responsa per auras : 
" tandem magnis pelagi defuncte periclis 
(Sed terrae graviora manent), in regna Lavini 
Dardanidae venient ; (mitte hanc de pectore curam ;) 85 
Sed non et venisse volent. Bella, horrida bella, 
Et Thybrim multo spumantem sanguine cerno. 
Non Simois tibi nee Xanthus nee Dorica castra 
Defuerint ; alius Latio jam partus Achilles, 
Natus et ipse dea ; nee Teucris addita Juno 90 

IJsquam aberit : quum tu supplex in rebus egenis 
Quas gentes Italum aut quas non oraveris urbes! 
Causa mali tanti conjunx iterum hospita Teucris, 
Externique iterum thalami. 

Tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito, 95 

Quam tua te Fortuna sinet. Via prima salutis, 
Quod minime reris, Graia pandetur ab urbe." 

Talibus ex adyto dictis Cumaea Sibylla 



VERGILI AENEIS VI. 117 

Horrendas canit ambages, antroque remugit, 

Obscuris vera involvens : ea frena furenti 100 

Concutit, et stimulos sub pectore vertit Apollo. 

Ut primum cessit furor et rabida ora quierunt, 

Incipit Aeneas heros : " Non ulla laborum, 

O virgo, nova mi facies inopinave surgit ; 

Omnia praecepi atque animo mecum ante peregi. 105 

Ununi oro : quando hie inferni janua regis 

Dicitur, et tenebrosa palus Acheronte refuso, 

Ire ad conspectum cari genitoris et ora 

Contingat ; doceas iter, et sacra ostia pandas. 

Ilium ego per flammas et mille sequentia tela 110 

Eripui his humeris, medioque ex hoste reeepi ; 

Ille, meum comitatus iter, maria omnia mecum 

Atque omnes pelagique minas caelique ferebat, 

Invalidus, vires ultra sortemque senectae. 

Quin, ut te supplex peterem et tua limina adirem, 115 

Idem orans mandata dabat. Gnatique patrisque, 

Alma, precor, miserere ; (potes namque omnia, nee te 

Nequidquam lucis Hecate praefecit Avernis ;) 

Si potuit Manes arcessere conjugis Orpheus, 

Threicia fretus cithara fidibusque canoris, 120 

Si fratrem Pollux alterna morte redemit, 

Itque reditque viam toties. Quid Thesea magnum, 

Quid memorem Alciden ? Et mi genus ab Jove summo. n . 

Talibus orabat dictis, arasque tenebat, 
Quum sic orsa loqui vates : " Sate sanguine diviim, 125 
Tros Anchisiade, facilis descensus Averno ; 
Noctes atque dies patet atri janua Ditis ; 
Sed revocare gradum, superasque evadere ad auras, 
Hoc opus, hie labor est. Pauci, quos aequus amavit 
Jupiter, aut ardens evexit ad aethera virtus, 130 

Dis geniti potuere. Tenent media omnia silvae, 
Cocytusque sinu labens circumvenit atro. 
Quod si tantus amor menti, si tanta cupido est 
Bis Stygios innare lacus, bis nigra videre 
Tartara, et insano juvat indulgere labori, 135 

Accipe quae peragenda prius. Latet arbore opaea 



118 VERGILI AENEIS VI. 

Aureus et foliis et lento vimine ramus, 

Junoni infernae dictus sacer ; huuc tegit oninis 

Lucas, et obscuris claudunt convallibus umbrae. 

Sed non ante datur telluris operta subire, 140 

Auricomos quam qui decerpserit arbore fetus. 

Hoc sibi pulchra suum ferri Proserpina munus 

Instituit. Frimo avulso non deficit alter 

Aureus, et simili frondescit virga metallo. 

Ergo alte vestiga oculis, et rite repertum 145 

Carpe manu : namque ipse volens facilisque sequetur, 

Si te fata vocant ; aliter non viribus ullis 

Yincere, nee duro poteris convellere ferro. 

Praeterea jacet exanimum tibi corpus amici 

(Heu nescis !), totamque incestat funere classem, 150 

Dum consulta petis nostroque in limine pendes. 

Sedibus hunc refer ante suis, et conde sepulchro. 

Due nigras pecudes ; ea prima piacula sunto. 

Sic demum lucos Stygis et regna invia vivis 

Aspicies." Dixit, pressoque obmutuit ore. 155 

Aeneas maesto defixus lumina vultu 
Ingreditur, linquens antrum, caecosque volutat 
Eventus animo secum. Cui fidus Achates 
It comes, et paribus curis vestigia figit. 
Multa inter sese vario sermone serebant, 160 

Quern socium exanimum vates, quod corpus humandum 
Diceret. Atque illi Misenum in litore sicco, 
Ut venere, vident indigna morte peremptum, 
Misenum Aeoliden, quo non praestantior alter 
Aere ciere viros, Martemque accendere cantu. 165 

Hectoris hie magni fuerat comes ; Hectora circum 
Et lituo pugnas insignis obibat et hasta. 
Postquam ilium vita victor spoliavit Achilles, 
Dardanio Aeneae sese fortissimus heros 
Addiderat socium, non inferiora secutus. 170 

Sed turn, forte cava dum personat aequora concha, 
Demens, et cantu vocat in certamina divos, 
Aemulus exceptum Triton, si credere dignum est, 
Enter saxa virum spumosa immerserat unda. 



VERGILI AENEIS VI. 119 

Ergo omnes magno circum clamore fremebant, 175 

Praecipue pius Aeneas. Turn jussa Sibyllae, 

Haud mora, festinant flentes, aranique sepulchri 

Congerere arboribus caeloque educere certant. 

Itur in antiquam silvam, stabula alta ferarum ; 

Procumbunt piceae, sonat icta securibus ilex, 180 

Fraxineaeque trabes cuneis et fissile robur 

Scinditur, advolvunt ingentes montibus ornos. 

Nee non Aeneas opera inter talia primus 

Hortatur socios, paribusque accingitur armis. 

Atque haec ipse suo tristi cum corde volutat, 185 

Aspectans silvam immensam, et sic forte precatur : 

" Si nunc se nobis ille aureus arbore ramus 

Ostendat nemore in tanto ! quando omnia vere 

Heu nimium de te vates, Misene, locuta est." 

Vix ea fatus erat, geminae quum forte columbae 190 

Ipsa sub ora viri caelo venere volantes, 

Et viridi sedere solo. Turn maximus heros 

Maternas agnoscit aves, laetusque precatur : 

" Este duces, o, si qua via est, cursumque per auras 

Dirigite in lucos, ubi pinguem dives opacat 195 

Ramus humum. Tuque, o, dubiis ne defice rebus, 

Diva parens ! " Sic effatus vestigia pressit, 

Observans, quae signa ferant, quo tendere pergant. 

Pascentes illae tantum prodire volando, 

Quantum acie possent oculi servare sequentum. 200 

Inde ubi venere ad fauces graveolentis Averni, 

Tollunt se celeres, liquidumque per aera lapsae 

Sedibus optatis gemina super arbore sidunt, 

Discolor unde auri per ramos aura refulsit. 

Quale solet silvis brumali frigore viscum 205 

Fronde virere nova, quod non s?ia seminat arbos, 

Et croceo fetu teretes circumdare truncos : 

Talis erat species auri frondentis opaca 

Ilice, sic leni crepitabat bractea vento. 

Corripit Aeneas extemplo, avidusque refringit 210 

Cunctantem, et vatis portat sub tecta Sibyllae. 

Nee minus interea Misenum in litore Teucri 



120 VERGILI AENEIS VI. 

Flebant, et cineri ingrato suprema ferebant. 

Principio pingueni taedis et robore secto 

Ingentem struxere pyram, cui frondibus atris 215 

Intexunt latera, et ferales ante cupressos 

Constituunt, decorantque super fulgentibus armis. 

Pars ealidos latices et aena undantia flammis 

Expediunt, corpusque lavant frigentis et unguunt. 

Fit gemitus. Turn membra toro defleta reponunt, 220 

Purpureasque super vestes, velamina nota, 

Conjiciunt. Pars ingenti subiere feretro, 

(Triste ministerium,) et subjectam more parentum 

Aversi tenuere facem. Congesta cremantur 

Turea dona, dapes, fuso crateres olivo. 225 

Postquam collapsi cineres, et flamma quievit, 

Reliquias vino et bibulam lavere favillam, 

Ossaque lecta cado texit Corynaeus aeno. 

Idem ter socios pura cireumtulit unda, 

Spargens rore levi et ramo felicis olivae, 230 

Lustravitque viros, dixitque novissima verba. 

At pius Aeneas ingenti mole sepulchrum 

Imponit, suaque arma viro, remumque tubamque, 

Monte sub aerio, qui nunc Misenus ab illo 

Dicitur, aeternumque tenet per saecula nomen. 235 

His actis propere exsequitur praecepta Sibyllae. 
Spelunca alta fuit vastoque immanis hiatu, 
Scrupea, tuta lacu nigro nemorumque tenebris, 
Quam super haud ullae poterant impune volantes 
Tendere iter pennis : talis sese halitus atris 240 

Faucibus effundens supera ad convexa ferebat ; 
[Unde locum Graii dixerunt nomine Aornon.] 
Quattuor hie primum nigrantes terga juvencos 
Constituit, frontique invergit vina sacerdos, 
Et, summas carpens media inter cornua setas, 245 

Ignibus imponit sacris, libamina prima, 
Voce vocans Hecaten, caeloque Ereboque potentem. 
Supponunt alii cultros, tepidumque cruorem 
Suscipiunt pateris. Ipse atri velleris agnam 
Aeneas matri Eumenidum magnaeque sorori 250 



VERGILT AEtfEIS VI. 121 

Ense ferit, sterilemque tibi, Proserpina, vaccam; 
Turn Stygio regi nocturnas inchoat aras, 
Et solida imponit taurorum viscera flarninis, 
Pingue superque oleum fundens ardentibus extis. 
Ecce autern, primi sub luinina solis et ortus, 255 

Sub pedibus mugire solum et juga coepta moveri 
Silvarum, visaeque canes ululare per umbram, 
Adventante dea. " Procul o, procul este, profani," 
Conclamat vates, " totoque absistite luco ; 
Tuque invade viam, vaginaque eripe ferrum : 260 

Nunc animis opus, Aenea, nunc pectore firmo." 
Tantum effata, furens antro se immisit aperto ; 
Ille ducem baud timidis vadentem passibus aequat. 

Di, quibus imperium est animarum, Umbraeque 
silentes, 
Et Chaos, et Phlegethon, loca nocte tacentia late, 265 
Sit mihi fas audita loqui, sit numine vestro 
Pandere res alta terra et caligine mersas. 

Ibant obscuri sola sub nocte per umbram, 
Perque domos Ditis vacuas et inania regna: 
Quale per incertam lunam sub luce maligna 210 

Est iter in silvis, ubi caelum condidit umbra 
Jupiter, et rebus nox abstulit atra colorem. 
Vestibulum ante ipsum, primis in faucibus Orci, 
Luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae, 
Pallentesque habitant Morbi, tristisque Senectus, 2T5 
Et Metus, et malesuada Fames, ac turpis Egestas, 
Terribiles visu formae, Letumque, Labosque ; 
Turn consanguineus Leti Sopor, et mala mentis 
Gaudia, mortiferumque adverso in limine Bellum, 
Ferreique Eumenidum thalami, et Discordia demens, 280 
Yipereum crinem vittis innexa cruentis. 

In medio ramos annosaque brachia pandit 
TJlmus opaca, ingens, quam sedem Somnia vulgo 
Vana tenere ferunt, foliisque sub omnibus haerent. 
Multaque praeterea variarum monstra ferarum, 235 
Centauri, in foribus stabulant, Scyllaeque biformes, 



122 VERGILI AENEIS VI. 

Et centumgeniinus Briareus, ac bellua Lernae, 
Horrendum stridens, flamrnisque armata Chimaera, 
Gorgones Harpyiaeque et forma tricorporis umbrae. 
Corripit hie subita trepidus formidine ferrum 290 

Aeneas, strictamque aciem venientibus offert ; 
Et, ni docta comes tenues sine corpore vitas 
Admoneat volitare cava sub imagine formae, 
Irruat, et frustra ferro diverberet umbras. 

Hinc via, Tartarei quae fert Acherontis adundas. 295 
Turbidus hie caeno vastaque voragine gurges 
Aestuat atque omnem Cocyto eructat arenam. 
Portitor has horrendus aquas et flumina servat 
Terribili squalore Charon, cui plurima mento 
Canities inculta jacet, stant lumina flamma, 300 

Sordidus ex humeris nodo dependet amictus. 
Ipse ratem conto subigit, velisque ministrat, 
Et ferruginea subvectat corpora cymba, 
Jam senior, sed cruda deo viridisque senectus. 
Hue omnis turba ad ripas effusa ruebat, 305 

Matres atque viri, defunctaque corpora vita 
Magnanimum heroum, pueri innuptaeque puellae, 
Impositique rogis juvenes ante ora parentum: 
Quam multa in silvis autumni frigore primo 
Lapsa cadunt folia, aut ad terram gurgite ab alto 310 
Quam multae glomerantur aves, ubi frigidus annus 
Trans pontum fugat et terris immittit apricis. 
Stabant orantes primi transmittere cursum, 
Tendebantque manus ripae ulterioris amore ; 
Navita sed tristis nunc hos, nunc accipit illos, 315 

Ast alios longe submotos arcet arena. 
Aeneas (miratus enim motusque tumultu) 
"Die" ait, "o virgo, quid vult concursus ad amneni? 
Quidve petunt animae ? vel quo discrimine ripas 
Hae linquunt, illae remis vada livida verrunt ? " 320 
Olli sic breviter fata est longaeva sacerdos : 
14 Ancbisa generate, deum certissima proles, 
Cocyti stagna alta vides Stygiamque paludem, 
Di cujus jurare timent et fallere numen. 



VERGILI AENEIS VI. 123 

Haec oiimis, quam cernis, inops inhumataque turba est; 
Portitor ille Charon ; hi, quos vehit unda, sepulti. 326 
Nee ripas datur horrendas et rauca fluenta 
Transportare prius, quam sedibus ossa qaierunt. 
Centum errant annos volitantque haec litora circum ; 
Turn demum admissi stagna exoptata revisunt." 330 
Constitit Anchisa satus et vestigia pressit, 
Multa putans, sortemque animo miseratus iniquam. 
Cernit ibi maestos et mortis honore carentes 
Leucaspim et Lyciae ductorem classis Oronten, 
Quos simul, a Troja ventosa per aequora vectos, 335 
Obruit Auster, aqua involvens navemque virosque. 

Ecce gubernator sese Palinurus agebat, 
Qui Libyco nuper cursu, dum sidera servat, 
Exciderat puppi mediis effusus in undis. 
Hunc ubi vix multa maestum cognovit in umbra, 340 
Sic prior alloquitur : " Quis te, Palinure, deorum 
Eripuit nobis, medioque sub aequore mersit ? 
Die age : namque mini, fallax haud ante repertus, 
Hoc uno responso animum delusit Apollo, 
Qui fore te ponto incolumem, finesque canebat 345 

Venturum Ausonios. En haec promissa fides est ? " 
Ille autem : " Neque te Phoebi cortina fefellit, 
Dux Anchisiade, nee me deus aequore mersit : 
Namque gubernaclum multa vi forte revulsum, 
Cui datus haerebam custos cursusque regebam, 350 
Praecipitans traxi mecum. Maria aspera juro, 
Non ullum pro me tantum cepisse timorem, 
Quam tua ne, spoliata armis, excussa magistro, 
Deficeret tantis navis surgentibus undis. 
Tres Notus hibernas immensa per aequora noctes 355 
Vexit me violentus aqua ; vix lumine quarto 
Prospexi Italiam summa sublimis ab unda. 
Paulatim adnabam terrae ; jam tuta tenebam, 
Ni gens crudelis madida cum veste gravatum, 
Prensantemque uncis manibus capita aspera montis, 360 
Ferro invasisset, praedamque ignara putasset. 
Nunc me fluctus habet, versantque in litore venti 



124 VERGILI AENEIS VI. 

Quod te por caeli ju-cunduni lumen et auras, 

Per genitorom oro, per spes surgentis Iuli, 

Eripe me his, invicte, malis : aut tu niihi terrain 365 

Injice, (namque potes,) portusque require Yelinos ; 

Aut tu, si qua via est, si quam tibi diva creatrix 

Ostendit, (neque enim, credo, sine numine divum 

Flumina tanta paras Stygiamque innare paludem,) 

Da dextram misero, et tecum me tolle per undas, 310 

Sedibus ut saltern placidis in morte quiescam." 

Talia fatus erat, coepit quum talia vates : 

" Unde haec, o Palinure, tibi tarn dira cupido ? 

Tu Stygias inhumatus aquas amnemque severum 

Eumenidum aspicies, ripamve injussus adibis ? 375 

Desine fata deum flecti sperare precando. 

Sed cape dicta memor, duri solatia casus. 

Nam tua finitimi, longe lateque per urbes, 

Prodigiis acti caelestibus, ossa piabunt, 

Et statuent tumulum, et tumulo sollemnia mittent, 380 

Aeternumque locus Palinuri nomen.habebit." 

His dictis curae emotae, pulsusque parumper 

Corde dolor tristi ; gaudet cognomine terrae. 

Ergo iter inceptum peragunt, fluvioque propinquant. 
Navita quos jam inde ut Stygia prospexit ab unda 385 
Per taciturn nemus ire pedemque advertere ripae, 
Sic prior aggreditur dictis, atque increpat ultro : 
" Quisquis es, armatus qui nostra ad flumina tendis, 
Fare age, quid venias, jam istinc, et comprime gressum. 
Umbrarum hie locus est, Somni Noctisque soporae : 390 
Corpora viva nefas Stygia vectare carina. 
Nee vero Alciden me sum laetatus euntem 
Accepisse lacu, nee Thesea Pirithoumque, 
Dis quamquam geniti atque invicti viribus essent. 
Tartareum ille manu custodem in vincla petivit, 395 
Ipsius a solio regis, traxitque trementem ; 
Hi dominam Ditis thalamo deducere adorti." 
Quae contra breviter fata est Amphrysia vates : 
"Nullae hie insidiae tales, (absiste moveri,) 
Nee vim tela ferunt ; licet ingens janitor antro .. 400 



VERGILI AENEIS VI. 125 

Aetemum latrans exsangues terreat umbras, 

Casta licet patrui servet Proserpina lhnen. 

Troius Aeneas, pietate insignis et armis, 

Ad genitorem imas Erebi descendit ad umbras. 

Si te nulla rnovet tantae pietatis imago, 405 

At ramum hunc " (aperit ramum, qui veste latebat) 

" Agnoscas." Tumida ex ira turn corda residunt, 

Nee plura his. Ille admirans venerabile donum 

Fatalis virgae, longo post tempore visum, 

Caeruleam advertit puppim, ripaeque propinquat. 410 

Inde alias animas, quae per juga longa sedebant, 

Deturbat, laxatque foros ; simul accipit alveo 

Ingentem Aenean. Gemuit sub pondere cyinba 

Sutilis, et multam accepit rimosa paludem. 

Tandem trans fluviurn incolumes vatemque virumque 415 

Informi limo glaucaque exponit in ulva. 

Cerberus haec ingens latratu regna trifauci 
Personat, adverso recubans immanis in antro. 
Cui vates, horrere videns jam colla colubris, 
Melle soporatam et medicatis frugibus offani 420 

Objicit ; ille fame rabida tria guttura pandens 
Corripit objectam, atque immania terga resolvit 
Fusus hunii, totoque ingens extenditur antro. 
Oceupat Aeneas aditum custode sepulto, 
Evaditque celer ripam irremeabilis undae. 425 

Continuo auditae voces, vagitus et ingens, 
Infantumque animae flentes, in limine primo, 
Quos dulcis vitae exsortes et ab ubere raptos 
Abstulit atra dies et funere mersit acerbo. 
Eos juxta falso damnati crimine mortis. 430 

Nee vero hae sine sorte datae, sine judice, sedes : 
Quaesitor Minos urnam movet ; ille silentum 
Conciiiumque vocat, vitasque et crimina discit. 

Proxima deinde tenent maesti loca, qui sibi letum 
Insontes peperere manu, lucemque perosi 435 

Projecere animas. Quam vellent aethere in alto 
Nunc et pauperiem et duros perferre labores ! 



126 VERGILI AENEIS VI. 

Fas obstat, tristique palus inamabilis unda 
Alligat, et no vies Styx interfusa coercet. 

Nee proculhinc partem fusi monstrantur in omnem 440 
Lugentes campi ; sic illos nomine dicunt. 
Hie, quos durus amor crudeli tabe peredit, 
Secreti celant calles, et myrtea circum 
Silva tegit ; curae non ipsa in morte relinquunt. 
His Phaedram Procrimque locis, maestamque Eriphylen, 
Crudelis nati monstrantem vulnera, cernit, 446 

Evadnenque et Pasiphaen ; his Laodamia 
It comes, et juvenis quondam, nunc femina, Caeneus, 
Kursus et in veterem fato revoluta figuram. 

Inter quas Phoenissa recens a vulnere Dido 450 

Errabat silva in magna : quam Troius heros 
Ut primum juxta stetit agnovitque per umbram 
Obscuram, qualem primo qui surgere mense 
Aut videt, aut vidisse putat per nubila lunam, 
Demisit lacrimas, dulcique affatus amore est : 455 

" Infelix Dido, verus mihi nuntius ergo 
Venerat exstinctam, ferroque extrema secutam ? 
Funeris heu tibi causa fui ? Per sidera juro, 
Per superos, et si qua fides tellure sub ima est, 
Invitus, regina, tuo de litore cessi ; 460 

Sed me jussa deiim, quae nunc has ire per umbras, 
Per loca senta situ cogunt noctemque profundam, 
Imperiis egere suis ; nee credere quivi 
Hunc tantum tibi me discessu ferre dolorem. 
Siste gradum, teque aspectu ne subtrahe nostro. 465 
Quern fugis ? extremum fato, quod te alloquor, hoc est." 
Talibus Aeneas ardentem et torva tuentem 
Lenibat dictis animum, lacrimasque ciebat ; 
Ilia solo fixos oculos aversa tenebat, 
Nee magis incepto vultum sermone movetur, 4T0 

Quam si dura silex aut stet Marpesia cautes. 
Tandem corripuit sese, atque inimica refugit 
In nemus umbriferum, conjunx ubi pristinus illi 
Respondet curis aequatque Sychaeus amorem. 
Nee minus Aeneas, casu concussus iniquo, 4T5 

Prosequitur lacrimans longe, et miseratur euntem. 



VERGILI AENEIS VI. 127 

Inde datum molitur iter. Jamque arva tenebant 
Ultima, quae bello clari secreta frequentant. 
Hie illi occurrit Tydeus, hie inclutus armis 
Parthenopaeus, et Adrasti pallentis imago, 480 

Hie multum fleti ad superos belloque caduci 
Dardanidae, quos ille omnes longo ordine cernens 
Ingemuit, Glaucumque Medontaque Thersilochumque, 
Tres Antenoridas, Cererique sacrum Polyboeten, 
Idaeumque, etiam currus, etiam arma tenentem. 485 
Circumstant animae dextra laevaque frequentes. 
Nee vidisse semel satis est ; juvat usque morari, 
Et conferre gradum, et veniendi discere causas. 
At Danaum proceres Agamemnoniaeque phalanges 
Ut videre virum fulgentiaque arma per umbras, 490 
Ingenti trepidare metu : pars vertere terga, 
Ceu quondam petiere rates ; pars tollere vocem 
Exiguam : inceptus clamor frustratur hiantes. 

Atque hie Priamiden laniatum corpore toto 
Deiphobum videt, lacerum crudeliter ora, 495 

Ora manusque ambas, populataque tempora raptis 
Auribus, et truncas inhonesto vulnere nares. 
Yix adeo agnovit pavitantem et dira tegentem 
Supplicia, et notis compellat vocibus ultro : 
" Deiphobe armipotens, genus alto a sanguine Teucri, 500 
Quis tarn crudeles optavit sumere poenas ? 
Cui tantum de te licuit ? Mihi fama suprema 
Nocte tulit fessum vasta te caede Pelasgum 
Procubuisse super confusae stragis acervum. 
Tunc egomet tumulum Khoeteo litore inanem 505 

Constitui, et magna Manes ter voce vocavi. 
Nonien et arma locum servant ; te, amice, nequivi 
Conspicere et patria decedens ponere terra." 
Ad quae Priamides : " Nihil o tibi amice relictum ; 
Omnia Deiphobo solvisti et funeris umbris. 510 

Sed me fata mea et scelus exitiale Lacaenae 
His mersere malis ; ilia haec monumenta reliquit. 
Namque ut supremam falsa inter gaudia noctem 
Egerimus, nosti ; et niniium meminisse necesse est. 



128 VERGILI AENEIS VI. 

Quum fatalis equus saltu super ardua venit 515 

Pergania, et armatum peditem gravis attulit alvo, 

Ilia, chorum simulans, evantes orgia circum 

Ducebat Phrygias; lammam media ipsa tenebat 

Ingentern, et summa Danaos ex arce vocabat. 

Turn me confectum curis somnoque gravatum 520 

Infelix habuit thalamus, pressitque jacentem 

Dulcis et alta quies, placid aeque simillima niorti. 

Egregia interea eonjunx arma omnia tectis 

Amovet, et Mum capiti subduxerat ensem ; 

Intra tecta vocat Menelaum et limina pandit, 525 

Scilicet id magnum sperans fore munus amanti, 

Et famam exstingui veterum sic posse malorum. 

Quid moror ? Irrumpunt thalamo ; comes additur una 

Hortator scelerum Aeolides. Di, talia Graiis 

Instaurate, pio si poenas ore repcsco ! 530 

Sed te qui vivuin casus, age fare vicissim, 

Attulerint. Pelagine venis erroribus actus, 

An monitu diviini ? an quae te Fortuna fatigat, 

Ut tristes sine sole domos, loca turbida, adires?" 

Hac vice sermonum roseis Aurora quadrigis 535 

Jam medium aetherio cursu trajecerat axem ; 

Et fors omne datum traherent per talia tempus, 

Sed comes admonuit, breviterque affata Sibylla est: 

" Nox ruit, Aenea ; nos flendo ducimus horas ! 

Hie locus est, partes ubi se via findit in ambas : 540 

Dextera quae Ditis magni sub moenia tendit, 

Hac iter Elysium nobis ; at laeva malorum 

Exercet poenas, et ad impia Tartara rnittit." 

Deiphobus contra : "Ne saevi, magna sacerdos: 

Discedam, explebo numerum, reddarque tenebris. 545 

I decus, i, nostrum ! melioribus utere fatis ! " 

Tantum effatus, et in verbo vestigia torsit. 

Respicit Aeneas : subito et sub rupe sinistra 
Moenia lata videt, triplici circumdata muro, 
Quae rapidus flammis ambit torrentibus amnis, 550 
Tartareus Phlegethon, torquetque sonantia saxa. 
Porta adversa ingens, solidoque adamante columnae, 



VERGILI AENEIS VI. 129 

Via ut nulla virimi, non ipsi exscindeie bello 
Caelicclae valeant. Stat ferrea turris ad auras, 
Tisiphoneque sedens, palla succincta cruenta, 555 

Vestibuluui exsomnis servat noctesque diesque. 
Hinc exaudiri gemitus et saeva sonare 
Yerbera, turn stridor ferri tract ae que catenae. 
Constitit Aeneas, strepitumque exterritus hausit. 
" Quae scelerum tacies? o virgo, effare; quibusve 560 
Urgentur poenis ? qui tantus clangor ad aures ? ' ? 
Turn vates sic orsa loqui : " Dux inclute Teucrum, 
Nulli fas casto sceleraturn insistere limen ; 
Sed me quum lucis Hecate praefecit Avernis, 
Ipsa deum poenas docuit perque omnia duxit. 565 

Gnosius haec Rhadamanthus habet, durissima regna, 
Castigatque auditque dolos, subigitque fateri, 
Quae quis apud superos, furto laetatus inani, 
Distulit in seram commissa piacula mortem. 
Continuo sontes ultrix accincta flagello 510 

Tisiphone quatit insultans, torvosque sinistra 
Intentans angues, vocat agmina saeva sororum." 
(Turn demum horrisono stridentes cardine sacrae 
Panduntur portae.) " Cernis, custodia qualis 
Yestibulo sedeat? facies quae limina servet ? 575 

Quinquaginta atris immanis hiatibus Hydra 
Saevior intus habet sedem. Turn Tartarus ipse 
Bis patet in praeceps tantum tenditque sub umbras, 
Quantus ad aetherium caeli suspectus Olympum. 
Hie genus antiquum Terrae, Titania pubes, 580 

Fulmine dejecti fundo volvuntur in imo. 
Hie et Aloidas geminos immania vidi 
Corpora, qui manibus magnum rescindere caelum 
Aggressi, superisque Jovem detrudere regnis. 
Yidi et crudeles dantem Salmonea poenas, 585 

Durn flammam Jo vis et sonitus imitatur Olympi. 
Quattuor hie invectus equis et lampada quassans 
Per Graium populos mediaeque per Elidis urbem 
Ibat ovans, divumque sibi poscebat honorem, 
Demens! qui nimbos et non imitabile fulmen 590 

Aere et cornipedum pulsu simularet equorum. 
9Vir. 



130 VERGIII AENEIS VI. 

At pater onmipotens densa inter nubila telum 

Contorsit, non ille faces nee fumea taedis 

Lumina, praecipitemque immani turbine adegit. 

Nee non et Tityon, Terrae omniparentis alumnum, 595 

Cernere erat, per tota novem cui jugera corpus 

Porrigitur, rostroque immanis vultur obunco 

Irnniortale jecur tondens fecundaque poenis 

Viscera rimaturque epulis, habitatque sub alto 

Pectore, nee fibris requies datur ulla renatis. 600 

Quid memorem Lapithas, Ixiona Pirithoumque ? 

Quos super atra silex jam jam lapsura cadentique 

Imminet assimilis ; lucent genialibus altis 

Aurea fulcra toris, epulaeque ante ora paratae 

Regifico luxu ; Furiarum maxima juxta 605 

Accubat, et manibus prohibet contingere mensas, 

Exsurgitque facem attollens, atque intonat ore. 

Hie, quibus invisi fratres, dum vita manebat, 

Pulsatusve parens, et fraus innexa clienti, 

Aut qui divitiis soli incubuere repertis, 610 

Nee partem posuere suis : quae maxima turba est : 

Quique ob adulterium caesi, quique arm a secuti 

Impia, nee veriti dominorum fallere dextras, 

Inclusi poenam exspectant. Ne quaere doceri, 614 

Quam poenam, aut quae forma viros fortunave mersit. 

Saxum ingens volvunt alii, radiisque rotarum 616 

Districti pendent ; sedet, aeternumque sedebit, 

Infelix Theseus ; Phlegyasque miserrimus omnes 

Admonet et magna testatur voce per umbras : 

' Discite justitiam moniti, et non temnere divos.' 620 

Yendidit hie auro patriam dominumque potentem 

Imposuit, fixit leges pretio atque refixit ; 

Hie thai am um invasit natae vetitosque hymenaeos ; 

Ausi omnes immane nefas ausoque potiti. 

Non, mihi si linguae centum sint oraque centum, 625 

Ferrea vox, omnes scelerum comprendere formas, 

Omnia poenarum percurrere nomina possim." 

Haec ubi dicta dedit Phoebi longaeva sacerdos, 
"Sed jam age, carpe viam et susceptum perfice munus! 



VERGILI AENEIS VI. 131 

Acceleremus ! " ait. a Cyclopum educta caminis 630 
Moenia conspicio atque adverso fornice portas, 
Haec ubi nos praecepta jubent deponere dona." 
Dixerat, et pariter gressi per opaca viarurn 
Corripiunt spatium medium, foribusque propinquant. 
Occupat Aeneas aditum, corpusque recenti 635 

Spargit aqua, ramumque adverso in limine figit. 

His demum exactis, perfecto munere divae, 
Devenere locos laetos et amoena vireta 
Fortunatorum nemorum sedesque beatas. 
Largior hie campos aether et lumine vestit 640 

Purpureo, solemque suum, sua sidera norunt. 
Pars in gramineis exercent membra palaestris, 
Contendunt iudo et fulva luctantur arena ; 
Pars pedibus plaudunt choreas et carmina dicunt. 
Nee non Threicius longa cum veste sacerdos 645 

Obloquitur numeris septem discrimina vocum, 
Jamque eadem digitis, jam pectine pulsat eburno. 
Hie genus antiquum Teucri, pulcherrima proles, 
Magnanimi heroes, nati melioribus annis, 
Ilusque Assaracusque et Trojae Dardanus auctor. 650 
Arma procul currusque virum miratur inanes ; 
Stant terra defixae hastae, passimque soluti 
Per campum pascuntur equi ; quae gratia curruum 
Armorumque fuit vivis, quae cura nitentes 
Pascere equos, eadem sequitur tellure repostos. 655 
Conspicit, ecce, alios dextra laevaque per herbam 
Yescentes laetumque choro Paeana canentes 
Inter odoratum lauri nemus, unde superne 
Plurimus Eridani per silvam volvitur amnis. 
Hie manus, ob patriam pugnando vulnera passi, 660 
Quique sacerdotes casti, dum vita nianebat, 
Quique pii vates et Phoejbo digna locuti, 
Inventas aut qui vitam excoluere per artes, 
Quique sui memores alios fecere merendo : 
Omnibus his nivea cinguntur tempora vitta. 665 

Quos circumfusos sic est affata Sibylla, 
Musaeum ante omnes : (medium nam plurima turba 
Hunc habet, atque humeris exstantem suspicit altis:) 



132 VERGILI AENEIS VI. 

11 Dicite, felices animate, tuque, optime vates, 

Quae regio Anchisen, quis habet locus ? illius ergo 67G 

Yeninius et magnos Erebi tranavimus amnes." 

Atque huic responsum paucis ita reddidit heros : 

"Nulli certa domus ; lucis habitamus opacis, 

Riparumque toros et prata recentia rivis 

Incolimus. Sed vos, si fert ita corde voluntas, 675 

Hoc superate jugum ; et facili jam tramite sistam." 

Dixit, et ante tulit gressum, camposque nitentes 

Desuper ostentat ; dehinc summa cacumina linquunt. 

At pater Anchises penitus convalle virenti 
Inclusas animas superumque ad lumen ituras 680 

Lustrabat studio recolens, omnemque suorum 
Forte recensebat numerum carosque nepotes, 
Fataque fortunasque virum moresque manusque. 
Isque ubi tendentem adversum per gramina vidit 
Aenean, alacris palmas utrasque tetendit, 685 

Effusaeque genis lacrimae, et vox excidit ore : 
" Yenisti tandem, tuaque exspectata parenti 
Yicit iter durum pietas ? datur ora tueri, 
Nate, tua, et notas audire et reddere voces ? 
Sic equidem ducebam animo rebarque futurum, 690 
Tempora dinumerans, nee me mea cura fefellit. 
Quas ego te terras et quanta per aequora vectum 
Accipio ! quantis jactatum, nate, periclis ! 
Quam metui, ne quid Libyae tibi regna nocerent ! " 
Ille autem : " Tua me, genitor, tua tristis imago, 695 
Saepius occurrens, haec limina tendere adegit. 
Stant sale Tyrrheno classes. Da jungere dextram, 
Da, genitor, teque amplexu ne subtrahe nostro." 
Sic memorans largo fletu simul ora rigabat. 
Ter conatus ibi collo dare brachia circum ; 100 

Ter frustra comprensa manus effugit imago, 
[Par levibus ventis volucrique simillima somno.^ 

Interea videt Aeneas in valle reducta 
Seclusum nemus et virgulta sonantia silvae, 
Lethaeumque, domos placidas qui praenatat, amnem. 705 
Hunc circum innumerae gentes populique volabant; 



YERGILI AENEIS VX. 183 

Ac velut in prat is ubi apes aestate serena 
Ploribus insidunt variis et Candida circum 
Lilia funduntur, strepit omnis murmure campus. 
Horrescit visu subito causasque requirit 110 

Inscius Aeneas, quae sint ea flumina porro, 
Quive viri tanto complerint agniine ripas. 
Turn pater Anchises: "Animae, quibus altera fato 
Corpora debentur, Lethaei ad flurninis undam 
Securos latices et longa oblivia potant. 715 

[Has equidem meniorare tibi atque ostendere coram,] 
Jampridem banc prolem cupio enumerare meorum, 
Quo magis Italia mecum laetere reperta." — 
" pater, anne aliquas ad caelum hinc ire putandum est 
Sublimes animas, iterumque ad tarda reverti 720 

Corpora ? Quae lucis miseris tarn dira cupido ? " — 
" Dicam equidem, nee te suspensum, nate, tenebo," 
Suscipit Anchises, atque ordine singula pandit. 

" Principio caelum ac terras camposque liquentes, 
Lucentemque globum lunae, Titaniaque astra, 725 

Spiritus intus alit, totamque infusa per artus 
Mens agitat molem et magno se corpore miscet. 
Inde hominum pecudumque genus vitaeque volantum, 
Et quae marmoreo fert monstra sub aequore pontus. 
Igneus est ollis vigor et caelestis origo 730 

Seminibus, quantum non corpora noxia tardant 
Terrenique hebetant artus moribundaque membra. 
Hinc metuunt cupiuntque, dolent gaudentque, neque 

auras 
Dispiciunt clausae tenebris et carcere caeco. 
Quin et supremo quum lumine vita reliquit, 735 

Non tamen omne malum miseris nee funditus omnes 
Corporeae excedunt pestes, penitusque necesse est 
Multa diu concreta modis inolescere miris. 
Ergo exercentur poenis, veterumque malorum 
Supplicia expendunt. Aliae panduntur inanes 740 
Suspensae ad ventos, aliis sub gurgite vasto 
Infectum eluitur scelus, aut exuritur igni. 
Quisque suos patimur Manes : exinde per amplum 
Mittimur Elysium, et pauci laeta arva tenemus ; 
Donee longa dies^ perfecto temporis orbe, 745 



134 VERGILI AENEIS VI. 

Concretam exemit labem, purumque relinquit 
Aetherium sensum atque aurai simplicis ignem. 
Has omnes, ubi mille rotam volvere per annos, 
Lethaeum ad fluvium deus evocat agniine magno, 
Scilicet immemores supera ut convexa revisant, 750 
Rursus et incipiant in corpora velle reverti." 

Dixerat Anehises, natumque unaque Sibyllam 
Conventus trahit in medios turbamque sonantem, 
Et tumulum capit, unde omnes longo ordine posset 
Adversos legere, et venientum discere vultus. 755 

" Nunc age, Dardaniam prolem quae deinde sequatur 
Gloria, qui maneant Itala de gente nepotes, 
Illustres animas nostrumque in nomen ituras, 
Expediam dictis, et te tua fata docebo. 
Ille, vides, pura juvenis qui nititur hasta, 760 

Proxima sorte tenet lucis loca, primus ad auras 
Aetherias Italo commixtus sanguine surget, 
Silvius, Albanum nomen, tua postuma proles: 
Quern tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjunx 
Educet silvis regem regumque parentem : 765 

Unde genus Longa nostrum dominabitur Alba. 
Proximus ille Procas, Trojanae gloria gentis, 
Et Capys, et Numitor, et qui te nomine reddet 
Silvius Aeneas, pariter pietate vel armis 
Egregius, si umquam regnandam acceperit Albam. 770 
Qui juvenes ! Quantas ostentant, aspice, vires ! 
Atque umbrata gerunt civili tempora quercu. 
Hi tibi Nomentum et Gabios urbemque Fidenam, 
Hi Collatinas imponent montibus arces, 
Pometios Castrumque Inui Bolamque Coramque: 775 
Haec turn nomina erunt, nunc sunt sine nomine terrae. 
Quin et avo comitem sese Mavortius addet 
Romulus, Assaraci quern sanguinis Ilia mater 
Educet. Tiden', ut geminae stant vertice cristae, 
Et pater ipse suo superiim jam signat honore ? 780 

En, hujus, nate, auspiciis ilia incluta Roma 
Imperium terris, animos aequabit Olympo, 
Septemque una sibi muro circumdabit arces, 



VERGILI AENEIS VI. 135 

Felix prole virum : qualis Berecyntia mater 
Invehitur curru Phrygias turrita per urbes, ?85 

Laeta deum partu, centum complexa nepotes, 
Omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes. 
Hue geminas nunc flecte acies, hanc aspice genteni 
Romanosque tuos. Hie Caesar et omnis Iuli 
Progenies, magnum caeli ventura sub axem. 790 

Hie vir, hie est, tibi quern promitti saepius audis, 
Augustus Caesar, Divi genus, aurea condet 
Saecula qui rursus Latio, regnata per arva 
Saturno quondam, super et Garamantas et Indos 
Proferet imperium; (jacet extra sidera tellus, 195 

Extra anni solisque vias, ubi caelifer Atlas 
Axem humero torquet stellis ardentibus aptum.) 
Hujus in adventum jam nunc et Caspia regna 
Responsis horrent divum et Maeotia tellus, 
Et septemgemini turbant trepida ostia Nili. 800 

Nee vero Alcides tantum telluris obivit, 
Fixerit aeripedem cervam licet, aut Erymanthi 
Pacarit nemora, et Lernam tremefecerit arcu ; 
Nee, qui pampineis victor juga flectit habenis, 
Liber, agens celso Nysae de vertioe tigres. 805 

Et dubitamus adhuc virtutem extendere factis, 
Aut metus Ausonia prohibet consistere terra ? 
Quis procul ille autem ramis insignis olivae, 
Sacra ferens ? Nosco crines incanaque menta 
Regis Romani, primam qui legibus urbem 810 

Fundabit, Curibus parvis et paupere terra 
Missus in imperium magnum. Cui deinde subibit, 
Otia qui rumpet patriae residesque movebit 
Tullus in arma viros et jam desueta triumphis 
Agmina. Quern juxta sequitur jactantior Ancus, 815 
Nunc quoque jam nimium gaudens popularibus auris. 
Yis et Tarquinios reges, animamque superbam 
Ultoris Bruti, fascesque videre receptos ? 
Consulis imperium hie primus saevasque secures 
Accipiet, natosque pater nova bella moventes 820 

Ad poenam pulchra pro libertate vocabit, 
Infelix ! Utcumque ferent ea facta minores, 
Vincet amor patriae laudumque immensa cupido. 



136 VERGILI AENEIS VI. 

Quin Decios Drusosque procul saevumque securi 
Aspice Torquatum et referentem signa Camillum. 825 
Illae autem, paribus quas fulgere cernis in armis, 
Concordes anirnae nunc et duni nocte preniuntur, 
Heu quantum inter se bellum, si lumina vitae 
Attigerint, quantas acies stragemque ciebunt, 
Aggeribus socer Alpinis atque arce Monoeci 830 

Descendens, gener adversis instructus Eois ! 
Ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella, 
Neu patriae validas in viscera vertite vires ; 
Tuque prior, tu parce, genus qui ducis Olympo ; 
Projice tela manu, sanguis meus ! — 835 

Ille triumphata Capitolia ad alta Corintho 
Victor aget currum, caesis insignis Achivis. 
Eruet ille Argos Agamemnoniasque Mycenas, 
Ipsumque Aeaciden, genus armipotentis Achilli, 
Ultus avos Trojae, templa et temerata Miner vae. 840 
Quis te, magne Cato, taciturn, aut te, Cosse, relinquat ? 
Quis Gracchi genus, aut geminos, duo fulmina belli, 
Scipiadas, cladem Libyae, parvoque potentem 
Fabriciuni, vel te sulco, Serrane, serentem ? 
Quo fessum rapitis, Fabii ? Tu Maximus ille es, 845 
Unus qui nobis cunctando restituis rem. 
Excudent alii spirantia mollius aera, 
Credo equidem, vivos ducent de marmore vultus, 
Orabunt causas melius, caelique meatus 
Describent radio et surgentia sidera dicent : 850 

Tu regere imperio populos, Romane, memento ; 
Hae tibi erunt artes ; pacique imponere morem, 
Parcere subjectis, et debellare superbos." 

Sic pater Anchises, atque haec mirantibus addit : 
"Aspice, ut insignis spoliis Marcellus opimis 855 

Tngreditur, victorque viros supereminet omnes ! 
Hie rem Roman am, magno turbante tumult u, 
Sistet, eques sternet Poenos Gallumque rebellem, 
Tertiaque arma patri suspendet capta Quirino." 
Atque hie Aeneas (una namque ire videbat 860 

Egregium forma juvenem et fulgentibus armis, 
Sed frons laeta parum, et dejecto lumina vultu): 



VERGILI AENEIS VI. 137 

" Quis, pater, ille, viruni qui sic comitatur euntem ? 

Filius, anne aliquis magna de stirpe nepotum ? 

Qui strepitus circa cornitum ! quantum instar in ipso ! 865 

Sed nox atra caput tristi circumvolat umbra." 

Turn pater Anchises, lacrimis ingressus obortis : 

" O gnate, ingentem luctum ne quaere tuorum. 

Ostendent terris hunc tantum fata, neque ultra 

Esse sinent. Minium vobis Romana propago 870 

Visa potens, superi, propria haec si dona fuissent. 

Quantos ille viruni magnam Mavortis ad urbem 

Campus aget gemitus ! vel quae, Tiberine, videbis 

Funera, quum tumulum praeterlabere recentem ! 

Nee puer Iliaca quisquam de gente Latinos 875 

In tantum spe toilet avos, nee Romula quondam 

Ullo se tantum tellus jactabit alumno. 

Heu pietas, heu prisca fides, invictaque bello 

Dextera ! non illi se quisquam impune tulisset 

Obvius armato, seu quum pedes iret in hostem, 880 

Seu spumantis equi foderet calcaribus armos. 

Heu, miserande puer ! si qua fata aspera rumpas, 

Tu Mareellus eris. Manibus date lilia plenis ; 

Purpureos spargam flores, animamque nepotis 

His saltern accumulem donis, et fungar inani 885 

Munere." — Sic tota passim regione vagantur 

Aeris in campis latis, atque omnia lustrant. 

Quae postquam Anchises natum per singula duxit, 

Incenditque animum famae venientis amore, 

Exin bella viro memorat, quae deinde gerenda, 890 

Laurentesque docet populos urbemque Latini, 

Et quo quemque modo fugiatque feratque laborem." 

Sunt geminae Somni portae ; quarum altera fertur 
Cornea, qua veris facilis datur exitus Umbris ; 
Altera candenti perfecta nitens elephanto, 895 

Sed falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes. 
His ubi turn natum Anchises unaque Sibyllam 
Prosequitur dictis, portaque emittit eburna ; 
Hie viam secat ad naves sociosque revisit, 
Turn se ad Caietae recto fert litore portum. 900 

[Anchora de prora jacitur ; stant litore puppes.] 



P. VERGILI MARONIS 

AENEIDOS 

LIBER SEPTIMUS. 



Tu quoque litoribus nostris, Aeneia nutrix, 
Aeternam moriens famam, Caieta, dedisti ; 
Et nunc servat honos sedem tuus, ossaque nomen 
Hesperia in magna, si qua est ea gloria, signat. 
At pius exsequiis Aeneas rite solutis, 5 

Aggere composito tumuli, postquam alta quierunt 
Aequora, tendit iter velis, portumque relinquit. 
Adspirant aurae in noctem, nee Candida cursus 
Luna negat, splendet tremulo sub lumine pontus. 
Proxima Circaeae raduntur litora terrae, 10 

Dives inaccessos ubi Soils filia lucos 
Assiduo resonat cantu, tectisque superbis 
Urit odoratam nocturna in lumina cedrum, 
Arguto tenues percurrens pectine telas. 
Hinc exaudiri gemitus iraeque leonum, 15 

Yincla recusantum et sera sub nocte rudentum, 
Setigerique sues atque in praesepibus ursi 
Saevire, ac formae magnorum ululare luporum, 
Quos hominum ex facie dea saeva potentibus herbis 
Induerat Circe in vultus ac terga ferarum. 20 

Quae ne monstra pii paterentur talia Troes, 
Delati in portus, neu litora dira subirent, 
Neptunus ventis implevit vela secundis, 
Atque fugam dedit, et praeter vada fervida vexit. 

(138) 



VERGILI AENEI3 VII. 139 

Jamque rubescebat radiis mare, et aethere ab alto 25 
Aurora in roseis fulgebat lutea bigis ; 
Quum venti posuere, omnisque repente resedit 
Flatus, et in lento luctantur marmore tonsae. 
Atque hie Aeneas ingentem ex aequore lucum 
Prospicit : hunc inter fluvio Tiberinus amoeno, 30 

Verticibus rapidis et multa flavus arena, 
In mare prorumpit ; variae circumque supraque 
Assuetae ripis volucres et fluminis alveo 
Aethera mulcebant cantu, lueoque volabant. 
Flectere iter sociis terraeque advertere proras 35 

Imperat, et laetus fluvio succedit opaco. 

Nunc age, qui reges, Erato, quae tempora rerum, 
Quis Latio antiquo fuerit status, advena classem 
Quum primum Ausoniis exercitus appulit oris, 
Expediam, et primae revocabo exordia pugnae. 40 

Tu vatem, tu, diva, mone ! Dicam horrida bella, 
Dicam acies, actosque animis in funera reges, 
Tyrrhenamque manum, totamque sub arma coactam 
Hesperiam. Major rerum mihi nascitur ordo ; 
Majus opus moveo. 

Rex arva Latinus et urbes 45 

Jam senior longa placidas in pace regebat. 
Hunc Fauno et nympha genitum Laurente Marica 
Accipimus ; Fauno Picus pater; isque parentem 
Te, Saturne, refert; tu -sanguinis ultimus auctor. 
Filius huic, fato divtim, prolesque virilis 50 

Nulla fuit, primaque oriens erepta juventa est. 
Sola domum et tantas servabat filia sedes, 
Jam matura viro, jam plenis nubilis annis. 
Multi illam magno e Latio totaque petebant 
Ausonia ; petit ante alios pulcherrimus omnes 55 

Turnus, avis atavisque potens : quern regia conjunx 
Adjungi generum miro properabat am ore ; 
Sed variis portenta deum terroribus obstant. 
Laurus erat tecti medio, in penetralibus altis, 
Sacra comam, multosque metu servata per annos, 60 



140 VERGILI AENEIS VII. 

Quam pater inventam, primas quum conderet arces, 

Ipse ferebatur Phoebo sacrasse Latinus, 

Laurentesque ab ea nomen posuisse colonis. 

Hujus apes summum densae (mirabile dictu !), 

Stridore ingenti liquidum trans aethera vectae, 65 

Obsedere apicem, et, pedibus per mutua nexis, 

Examen subitum ramo frondente pependit. 

Continuo vates ''Externum cernimus" inquit 

" Adventare virum, et partes petere agmen easdem 

Partibus ex isdem, et summa dominarier arce." 10 

Praeterea, castis adolet dum altaria taedis, 

Ut juxta genitorem adstat Lavinia virgo, 

Visa (nefas !) longis comprendere crinibus ignem, 

Atque omnem ornatum flamma crepitante cremari, 

Regalesque accensa comas, accensa coronam 15 

Insignem gemmis ; turn fumida lumine fulvo 

Involvi, ac totis Yulcanum spargere tectis. 

Id vero horrendum ac visu mirabile ferri : 

Namque fore illustrem fama fatisque canebant 

Ipsam, sed populo magnum portendere bellum. 80 

At rex sollicitus monstris, oracula Fauni, 

Fatidici genitoris, adit, lucosque sub alta 

Consulit Albunea, nemorum quae maxima sacro 

Fonte sonat, saevamque exhalat opaca mephitim. 

Hinc Italae gentes omnisque Oenotria tellus 85 

In dubiis responsa petunt. Hue dona sacerdos 

Quum tulit, et caesarum avium sub nocte silenti 

Pellibus incubuit stratis, somnosque petivit, 

Multa modis simulacra videt volitantia miris, 

Et varias audit voces, f triturque deorum 90 

Colloquio, atque imis Acheronta affatur Avernis. 

Hie et turn pater ipse petens responsa Latinus 

Centum lanigeras mactabat rite bidentes, 

Atque harum effultus tergo stratisque jacebat 

Yelleribus : subita ex alto vox reddita luco est : 95 

"Ne pete connubiis natam sociare Latinis, 

O mea progenies, thalamis neu crede paratis : 

Externi venient generi, qui sanguine nostrum 

Nomen in astra ferant, quorumque ab stirpe nepotes 



VEKGILI AENEIS VII. 141 

Omnia sub pedibus, qua Sol utruniqu^recurrens 100 
Aspicit Oceanuni, vertique regique videbunt." 
Haec responsa patris Fauni monitusque silenti 
Nocte datos non ipse suo premit ore Latinus ; 
Sed circum late volitans jam Fama per urbes 
Ausonias tulerat, quum Laomedontia pubes 105 

Gramineo ripae religavit ab aggere classem. 

Aeneas primique duces et pulcber lulus 
Corpora sub ramis deponunt arboris altae, 
Instituuntque dapes, et adorea liba per herb am 
Subjiciunt epulis, (sic Jupiter ipse monebat,) 110 

Et Cereale solum pomis agrestibus augent. 
Consumptis hie forte aliis, ut vertere morsus 
Exiguam in Cererem penuria adegit edendi, 
Et violare manu malisque audacibus orbem 
Fatalis crusti, patulis nee parcere quadris, 115 

" Heus ! etiam mensas consumimus ! " inquit lulus, — 
Nee plura alludens. Ea vox audita laborum 
Prima tulit finem, primamque loquentis ab ore 
Eripuit pater, ac stupefactus numine pressit. 
Continuo " Salve fatis mihi debita tellus, 120 

Vosque," ait, "o fidi Trojae salvete Penates! 
Hie domus, haec patria est : genitor mihi talia namque 
(Nunc repeto) Anchises fatorum arcana reliquit : 
" Quum te, nate, fames ignota ad litora vectum 
Accisis coget dapibus consumere mensas, 125 

Turn sperare domos defessus, ibique memento 
Prima locare manu molirique aggere tecta." 
Haec erat ilia fames ; haec nos suprema manebat, 
Exitiis positura modum. 

Quare agite, et primo laeti cum lumine solis, 130 

Quae loca, quive habeant homines, ubi moenia gentis, 
Vestigemus, et a portu di versa petamus. 
Nunc pateras libate Jovi, precibusque vocate 
Anchise*n genitorem, et vina reponite mensis. 
Sic deinde effatus frondenti tempora ramo 135 

Implicat, et Geniumque loci primamque deorum 
Tellurem Njmphasque et adhuc ignota precatur 



142 VERGILI AENEIS VII. 

Flumina, turn N<pctem Noctisque orientia signa 
Idaeumque Jovem Phrygiamque ex ordine uiatrem 
Invocat, et duplices caeloque Ereboque parentes. 140 
Hie pater omnipotens ter caelo clarus ab alto 
Intonuit, radiisque ardentem lucis et auro 
Ipse manu quatiens ostendit ab aethere nubem. 
Diditur hie subito Trojana per agmina rumor, 
Advenisse diem, quo debita moenia condant ; 145 

Certatim instaurant epulas, atque omine magno 
Crateras laeti statuunt et vina coronant. 

Postera quum prima lustrabat lampade terras 
Orta dies, urbem et fines et litora gentis 
Diversi explorant : haec fontis stagna Numici, 150 

Hunc Thybrim fluvium, hie fortes habitare Latinos. 
Turn satus Anchisa delectos ordine ab omni 
Centum oratores augusta ad moenia regis 
Ire jubet, ramis velatos Palladis omnes, 
Donaque ferre viro, pacemque exposcere Teucris. 155 
Haud mora, festinant jussi rapidisque feruntur 
Passibus. Ipse humili designat moenia fossa, 
Moliturque locum, primasque in litore sedes 
Castrorum in morem pinnis atque aggere cingit. 
Jamque iter emensi, turres ac tecta Latinorum 160 

Ardua cernebant juvenes, muroque subibant. 
Ante urbem pueri et primaevo flore juventus 
Exercentur equis, domitantque in pulvere currus, 
Aut acres tendunt arcus, aut lenta lacertis 
Spicula contorquent, cursuque ictuque lacessunt ; 165 
Quum praevectus equo longaevi regis ad aures 
N untiu s ingentes ignota in veste reportat 
Advenisse viros. Ille intra tecta vocari 
Imperat, et solio medius consedit avito. 
Tectum augustum, ingens, centum sublime columnis, 170 
Urbe fuit summa, Laurentis regia Pici, 
Horrendum silvis et religione parentum. 
Hie sceptra accipere et primos attollere fasces 
Regibus omen erat ; hoc illis curia templum, 
Hae sacris sedes epulis ; hie ariete caeso 175 



VERGILI AENEIS VII, 143 

Perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis. 

Quin etiam veterum effigies ex ordine avorum 

Antiqua e cedro, Italusque, paterque Sabinus, 

Yitisator, eurvam servans sub imagine falcem, 

Saturnusque senex, Janique bifrontis imago, 180 

Vestibulo adstabant, aliique ab origine reges, 

Martiaque ob patriam pugnando vulnera passi. 

Multaque praeterea sacris in postibus arma, 

Captivi pendent currus, cnrvaeque secures, 

Et cristae capitum, et portarum ingentia claustra, 185 

Spiculaque clipeique ereptaque rostra carinis. 

Ipse Quirinali lituo parvaque sedebat 

Succinctus trabea, laevaque ancile gerebat 

Pieus, equum domitor ; quern capta cupidine conjunx, 

Aurea percussum virga versumque venenis, 190 

Fecit avem Circe, sparsitque coloribus alas. 

Tali intus templo divum patriaque Latinus 

Sede sedens Teucros ad sese in tecta vocavit, 

Atque haec ingressis placido prior edidit ore : 

" Dicite, Dardanidae, (neque enim nescimus et urbem 
Et genus, auditique advertitis aequore cursum,) 196 
Quid petitis ? quae causa rates, aut cujus egentes 
Litus ad Ausonium tot per vada caerula vexit ? 
Sive errore viae, seu tempestatibus acti 
(Qualia multa mari nautae patiuntur in alto) 200 

Fluminis intrastis ripas portuque sedetis, 
Ne fugite hospitium, neve ignorate Latinos 
Saturni gentem, haud vinclo nee legibus aequam, 
Sponte sua veterisque dei se more tenentem. 
Atque equidem memini (fama est obscurior annis) 205 
Auruncos ita ferre senes, his ortus ut agris 
Dardanus Idaeas Phrygiae penetrant ad urbes 
Threiciamque Samon, quae nunc Samothracia fertur. 
Hinc ilium, Corythi Tyrrhena ab sede, profectum, 
Aurea nunc solio stellantis regia caeli 210 

Accipit, et numerum divorum altaribus addit." 

Dixerat, et dicta Ilioneus sic voce secutus : 



144 VERGILI AENEIS VII. 

" Rex, genus egregiuni Fauni, nee fluctibus actos 

Atra subegit hiemps vestris succedere terris, 

Nee sidus regione viae litusve fefellit ; 215 

Consilio hanc onmes animisque volentibus urbem 

Afferimur, pulsi regnis, quae maxima quondam 

Extreme veniens Sol aspiciebat Olympo. 

Ab Jove principium generis ; Jove Dardana pubes 

Gaudet avo ; rex ipse Jovis de gente suprema, 220 

Troius Aeneas, tua nos ad limina misit. 

Quanta per Idaeos saevis effusa Mycenis 

Tempestas ierit campos, quibus actus uterque 

Europae atque Asiae fatis concurrent orbis, 

Audiit, et si quern tellus extrema refuso 225 

Submovet Oceano, et si quern extenta plagarum 

Quattuor in medio dirimit plaga Solis iniqui. 

Diluvio ex illo tot vasta per aequora vecti 

Dis sedem exiguam patriis litusque rogamus 

Innocuum, et cunctis undamque auramque patentem. 230 

Non erimus regno indecores ; nee vestra feretur 

Fama levis, tantique abolescet gratia facti ; 

Nee Trojam Ausonios gremio excepisse pigebit. 

Fata per Aeneae juro dextramque potentem, 

Sive fide seu quis bello est expertus et armis : 235 

Multi nos populi, multae (ne temne, quod ultro 

Praeferimus manibus vittas ac verba precantia) 

Et petiere sibi et voluere adjungere gentes ; 

Sed nos fata deum vestras exquirere terras 

Imperiis egere suis. Hinc Dardanus ortus ; 240 

Hue repetit jussisque ingentibus urget Apollo 

Tyrrhenum ad Thybrim et fontis vada sacra Numici. 

Dat tibi praeterea fortunae parva prioris 

Munera, reliquias Troja ex ardente receptas. 

Hoc pater Anchises auro libabat ad aras ; 245 

Hoc Priami gestamen erat, quum jura vocatis 

More daret populis, sceptrumque, sacerque tiaras, 

Iliad umque labor vestes." 

Talibus Ilionei dictis defixa Latinus 
Obtutu tenet ora, soloque immobilis haeret, 250 



VERGILI AENEIS VII. 145 

Intentos volvens oculos. Nee purpura regem 
Picta movet, nee sceptra movent Priarueia tantuni, 
Quantum in connubio natae thalamoque moratur, 
Et veteris Fauni volvit sub pectore sortem : 
Hunc ilium fatis externa ab sede profectum 255 

Portendi generum, paribusque in regna vocari 
Auspiciis ; huic progeniem virtute futuram 
Egregiam, et totum quae viribus occupet orbem. 
Tandem laetus ait : " Di nostra incepta secundent 
Auguriumque suum ! Dabitur, Trojane, quod optas ; 260 
Munera nee sperno. JNon vobis, rege Latino, 
Divitis uber agri Trojaeve opulentia deerit. 
Ipse modo Aeneas, nostri si tanta cupido est, 
Si jungi hospitio properat sociusque vocari, 
Adveniat, vultus neve exhorrescat amicos : 265 

Pars mihi pacis erit dextram tetigisse tyranni. 
Yos contra regi mea nunc mandata referte. 
Est mihi nata, viro gentis quam jungere nostrae 
Non patrio ex adyto sortes, non plurima caelo 
Monstra sinunt : generos externis affore ab oris, 270 
Hoc Latio restare canunt, qui sanguine nostrum 
Nomen in astra ferant. Hunc ilium poscere fata 
Et reor, et, si quid veri mens augurat, opto." 
Haec effatus, equos nuniero pater eligit omni: 
(Stabant ter centum nitidi in praesepibus altis:) 275 
Omnibus extemplo Teucris jubet ordine duci 
Instratos ostro alipedes pictisque tapetis ; 
(Aurea pectoribus demissa monilia pendent ; 
Tecti auro, fulvum mandunt sub dentibus aurum ;) 
Absent! Aeneae currum geminosque jugales 280 

Semine ab aetherio, spirantes naribus ignem, 
Illorum de gente, patri quos daedala Circe 
Supposita de matre nothos furata creavit. 
Talibus Aeneadae donis dictisque Latini 
Sublimes in equis redeunt, pacemque reportant. 285 

Ecce autem Inachiis sese referebat ab Argis 
Saeva Jovis conjunx, aurasque invecta tenebat ; 
Et laetum Aenean classemque ex aethere longe 
lOVir. 



146 VERGILI AENEIS VII. 

Dardaniam Siculo prospexit ab usque Paehyno. 
Moliri jam tecta videt, jam fidere terrae, 290 

Deseruisse rates. Stetit acri fixa dolore. 
Turn quassans caput, haec effundit pectore dicta : 
" Heu stirpem invisam, et fatis contraria nostris 
Fata Phrygum ! num Sigeis occumbere campis, 
Num capti potuere capi ? num incensa cremavit 295 
Troja viros ? Medias acies mediosque per ignes 
Invenere viam. At, credo, mea numina tandem 
Fessa jacent, odiis aut exsaturata quievi — 
Quin etiam patria excussos infesta per undas 
Ausa sequi, et profugis toto me opponere ponto ! 300 
Absumptae in Teucros vires caelique marisque. 
Quid Syrtes aut Scylla mihi, quid vasta Charybdis 
Profuit ? Optato conduntur Thybridis alveo, 
Securi pelagi atque mei. Mars perdere gentem 
Immanem Lapithum valuit ; concessit in iras 305 

Ipse deum antiquam genitor Calydona Dianae : 
Quod scelus aut Lapithis tantum, autCalydone merente? 
Ast ego, magna Jovis conjunx, nil linquere inausum 
Quae potui infelix, quae memet in omnia verti, 
Yincor ab Aenea! Quod si mea numina non sunt 310 
Magna satis, dubitem haud equidem implorare quod 

usquam est : 
Flectere si nequeo Superos, Acheronta movebo. 
Non dabitur regnis, esto, prohibere Latinis, 
Atque immota manet fatis Lavinia conjunx : 
At trahere, atque moras tantis licet addere rebus, 315 
At licet amborum populos exscindere regum. 
Hac gener atque socer coeant mercede suorum. 
Sanguine Trojano et Rutulo dotabere, virgo, 
Et Bellona manet te pronuba. Nee face tantum 
Cisseis praegnans ignes enixa jugales ; 320 

Quin idem Yeneri partus suus et Paris alter, 
Funestaeque iterum recidiva in Pergama taedae." 

Haec ubi dicta dedit, terras horrenda petivit. 
Luctificam Allecto dirarum ab sede dearum 
Infernisque ciet tenebris, cui tristia bella 325 



VERGILI AENKIS VII. 147 

Iraeque insidiaeque et crimina noxia cordi. 

Odit et ipse pater Pluton, odere sorores 

Tartareae monstrum : tot sese vertit in ora. 

Tarn saevae facies, tot pullulat atra colubris. 

Quam Juno his acuit verbis, ac talia fatur : 330 

" Hunc mihi da proprium, virgo sata Nocte, laborem, 

Hanc operaru, ne noster honos infractave cedat 

Fama loco, neu connubiis ambire Latinum 

Aeneadae possint, Italosve obsidere fines. 

Tu potes unaniinos armare in proelia fratres, 335 

Atque odiis versare domos, tu verbera tectis 

Funereasque inferre faces ; tibi nomina mille, 

Mille nocendi artes. Fecundum concute pectus, 

Disjice compositam pacem, sere crimina belli : 

Arma velit poscatque simul, rapiatque juventus ! " 340 

Exin Gorgoneis Allecto infecta venenis 
Principio Latium et Laurentis tecta tyranni 
Celsa petit, tacitumque obsedit limen Amatae, 
Quam super adventu Teucrum Turnique hymenaeis 
Femineae ardentem curaeque iraeque coquebant. 345 
Huic dea caeruleis unum de crinibus anguem 
Conjicit, inque sinum praecordia ad intima subdit, 
Quo furibunda domum monstro permisceat omnem. 
Ule, inter vestes et levia pectora lapsus, 
Volvitur attactu nullo, fallitque furentem, 350 

Vipeream inspirans animam ; fit tortile collo 
Aurum ingens coluber, fit longae taenia vittae, 
Innectitque comas, et membris lubricus errat. 
Ac dum prima lues udo sublapsa veneno 
Pertentat sensus, atque ossibus implicat ignem, 355 
Necdum animus toto percepit pectore flammani, 
Mollius, et solito matrum de more, locuta est, 
Multa super natae lacrimans Phrygiisque hymenaeis : 
" Exsulibusne datur ducenda Lavinia Teucris, 
O genitor? nee te miseret gnataeque tuique? 360 

Nee matris miseret, quam primo aquilone relinquet 
Perfidus, alta petens abducta virgine, praedo ? 
An non sic Phrygius penetrat Lacedaemona pastor, 



148 VERGILI AENEIS VII. 

Ledaeamque Helenam Trojanas voxit ad urbes? 
Quid tua sancta fides ? quid cura antiqua tuorum, 365 
Et consanguineo toties data dextera Turno ? 
Si gener externa petitur de gente Latinis, 
Idque sedet, Faunique preniunt te jussa parentis, 
Omnem equidem sceptris terram quae libera nostris 
Dissidet, externam reor, et sic dicere divos. 37 d 

Et Turno, si prima domus repetatur origo, 
Inachus Acrisiusque patres mediaeque Mycenae." 

His ubi nequidquam dictis experta Latinuni 
Contra stare videt, penitusque in viscera lapsum 
Serpentis furiale malum, totamque pererrat, 375 

Turn vero infelix, ingentibus excita monstris, 
Immensam sine more furit lymphata per urbem : 
Ceu quondam torto volitans sub verbere turbo, 
Queni pueri magno in gyro vacua atria circum 
Intenti ludo exercent : ille actus habena 380 

Curvatis fertur spatiis ; stupet inscia supra 
Impubesque manus, mirata volubile buxum ; 
Dant animos plagae : non cursu segnior illo 
Per medias urbes agitur populosque feroces. 
Quin etiam in silvas, simulato numine Bacchi, 385 

Majus adorta nefas majoremque orsa furorem, 
Evolat, et natam frondosis montibus abdit, 
Quo tbalamum eripiat Teucris taedasque moretur, 
" Evoe Bacche " fremens, solum te virgine dignum 
Vociferans : etenim molles tibi sumere thyrsos, 390 
Te lustrare choro, sacrum tibi pascere crinem. 
Fama volat, furiisque accensas pectore matres 
Idem omnes simul ardor agit nova quaerere tecta : 
Deseruere domos ; ventis dant colla comasque. 
Ast aliae tremulis ululatibus aethera complent, 395 
Pampineasque gerunt incinctae pellibus hastas. 
Ipsa inter medias flagrantem fervida pinum 
Sustinet, ac natae Turnique canit hymenaeos, 
Sanguineam torquens aciem, torvumque repente 
Clamat : " Io matres, audite, ubi quaeque, Latinae ! 400 
Si qua piis animis manet infelicis Amatae 



VERGILI AENEIS VII. 149 

Gratia, si juris niaterni cura remordet, 

Solvite crinales vittas, capite orgia niecum ! " 

Talem inter silvas, inter deserta ferarum> 

Reginani Allecto stimulis agit undique Bacchi. 405 

Postquam visa satis primos acuisse furores, 
Consiliumque omnemque domum vertis'se Latini, 
Protinus hinc fuscis tristis dea tollitur alis 
Audacis Rutuli ad muros, quam dicitur urbem 
Acrisioneis Dahae fundasse colonis, 410 

Praecipiti delata Noto. Locus Ardea quondam 
Dictus avis : et nunc magnum manet Ardea nomen ; 
Sed fortuna fuit. Tectis hie Turnus in altis 
Jam mediam nigra carpebat nocte quietem. 
Allecto torvam faciem et furialia membra 415 

Exuit ; in vultus sese transformat aniles, 
Et frontem obscenam rugis arat ; induit albos 
Cum-vitta crines ; turn ramum innectit olivae ; 
Fit Calybe, Junonis anus templique sacerdos, 
Et juveni ante oculos his se cum vocibus offert : 420 
" Turne, tot incassum fusos patiere labores, 
Et tua Dardaniis transcribi sceptra colonis ? 
Rex tibi conjugium et quaesitas sanguine dotes 
Abnegat, externusque in regnum quaeritur heres. 
I nunc, ingratis offer te, irrise, periclis ; 425 

Tyrrhenas, i, sterne acies ; tege pace Latinos. 
Haec adeo tibi me, placida quum nocte jaceros, 
Ipsa palam fari omnipotens Saturnia jussit. 
Quare age, et armari pubem portisque moveri 
Laetus in arma jube, et Phrygios, qui flumine pulchro 430 
Consedere, duces pictasque exure carinas. 
Caelestum vis magna jubet. Rex ipse Latinus, 
Ni dare conjugium et dicto parere fatetur, 
Sentiat, et tandem Turnum experiatur in armis." 

Hie juvenis, vatem irridens, sic orsa vicissim 435 
Ore refert : " Classes invectas Thybridis undam, 
Non, ut rere, meas effugit nuntius aures ; 
Ne tantos mihi finge metus; nee regia Juno 



150 VERGTLI AENEIS VII. 

Immeinor est nostri. 

Sed te victa situ verique effeta senectus, 440 

O mater, curis nequidquani exercet, et arma 

Regurn inter falsa vatem formidine ludit. 

Cara tibi divum effigies et templa tueri : 

Bella viri pacemque gerant, quis bella gerenda." 

Talibus Allecto dictis exarsit in iras. 445 

At juveni oranti subitus tremor occupat artus ; 
Deriguere oculi : tot Erinys sibilat hydris, 
Tantaque se facie s aperit. Turn flammea torquens 
Lumina, cunctantem et quaerentem dicere plura 
Repulit, et geminos erexit crinibus angues, 450 

Verberaque insonuit, rabidoque haec addidit ore : 
" En, ego victa sitn, quam veri effeta senectus 
Arma inter regum falsa formidine ludit ! 
Respice ad haec : adsum dirarum ab sede sororum ; 
Bella manu letumque gero." 455 

Sic effata, facem juveni conjecit, et atro 
Lumine fumantes fixit sub pectore taedas. 
Olli somnum ingens rumpit pavor, ossaque et artus 
Perfundit toto proruptus corpore sudor. 
Arma amens fremit, arma toro tectisque requirit. 460 
Saevit amor ferri, et scelerata insania belli, 
Ira super : magno veluti quum flamma sonore 
Yirgea suggeritur costis undantis aeni, 
Exsultantque aestu latices, furit intus aquai 
Fumidus atque alte spumis exuberat amnis, 465 

Nee jam se capit unda, volat vapor ater ad auras. 
Ergo iter ad regem polluta pace Latinum 
Indicit primis juvenum, et jubet arma parari, 
Tutari Italiam, detrudere finibus hostem : 
Se satis ambobus Teucrisque venire Latinisque. 410 
Haec ubi dicta dedit, divosque in vota vocavit, 
Certatim sese Rutuli exhortantur in arma : 
Hunc decus egregium formae movet atque juventae, 
Hunc atavi reges, hunc Claris dextera factis. 

Dum Turnus Rutulos animis audacibus iniplet, 4*75 



VERGILI AENEIS VII. 151 

Allecto in Teucros Stygiis se concitat alis. 
Arte nova speculata locum, quo litore pulcher 
Insidiis cursuque feras agitabat lulus, 
Hie subitam canibus rabiem Cocytia virgo 
Objicit, et nolo nares contingit odore, 480 

Ut cervum ardentes agerent ; quae prima laborum 
Causa fuit, belloque animos accendit agrestes. 
Cervus erat forma praestanti et cornibus ingens, 
Tyrrhidae pueri quern matris ab ubere raptum 
Nutribant Tyrrhusque pater, eui regia parent 485 

Armenta, et late custodia credita campi. 
Assuetum imperils soror omni Silvia cura 
Mollibus intexens ornabat cornua sertis, 
Pecteba^tque ferum, puroque in fonte lavabat. 
Ille, manum patiens mensaeque assuetus herili, 490 
Errabat silvis, rursusque ad limina nota 
Ipse domum sera quamvis se nocte ferebat. 
Hunc procul errantem rabidae venantis Iuli 
Commovere canes, fluvio quum forte secundo 
Deflueret, ripaque aestus viridante levaret. 495 

Ipse etiam, eximiae laudis succensus amore, 
Ascanius curvo direxit spicula cornu ; 
Nee dextrae erranti deus afuit, actaque multo 
Perque uterum sonitu perque ilia venit arundo. 
Saucius at quadrupes nota intra tecta refugit, 500 

Successitque gemens stabulis, questuque cruentus 
Atque imploranti similis tectum omne replebat. 
Silvia prima soror, palmis percussa lacertos, 
Auxilium vocat et duros conclamat agrestes. 
Olli (pestis enim tacitis latet aspera silvis) 505 

Improvisi adsunt, hie torre armatus obusto, 
Stipitis hie gravidi nodis : quod cuique repertuni 
Rimanti, telum ira facit. Vocat agmina Tyrrhus, 
Quadrifidam quercum cuneis ut forte coactis 
Scindebat, rapta spirans immane securi. 510 

At saeva e speculis tempus dea nacta nocendi, 
Ardua tecta petit stabuli, et de culmine summo 
Pastorale canit signum, cornuque recurvo 
Tartarean! intendit vocem : qua protinus omne 



152 VERGILI AEtfEIS VII. 

Contremuit nemus et silvae insonuere profundae ; 515 
Audiit et Triviae longe lacus, audiit amnis 
Sulfurea Nar albus aqua, fontesque Velini, 
Et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos. 
Turn vero ad vocem celeres, qua buccina signura 
Dira dedit, raptis concurrunt undique telis 520 

Indomiti agricolae ; nee non et Tro'ia pubes 
Ascanio auxilium castris effundit apertis. 
Direxere acies. Non jam certamine agresti, 
Stipitibus duris agitur sudibusve praeustis, 
Sed ferro ancipiti decernunt, atraque late 525 

Horrescit strictis seges ensibus, aeraque fulgent 
Sole lacessita, et lueem sub nubila jactant: 
Fluctus uti primo coepit quum albescere ponto, 
Paulatim sese tollit mare et altius undas 
Erigit, inde imo consurgit ad aethera fundo. 53C 

Hie juvenis primam ante aciem stridente sagitta, 
Natorum Tyrrhi fuerat qui maximus, Almo, 
Sternitur ; haesit enim sub gutture vulnus, et udae 
Vocis iter tenuemque inclusit sanguine vitam. 
Corpora multa virurn circa, seniorque Galaesus, 535 
Dum paci medium se offert, justissimus unus 
Qui fuit Ausoniisque olim ditissimus arvis : 
Quinque greges illi balantum, quina redibant 
Armenta, et terram centum vertebat aratris. 

Atque ea per campos aequo dum Marte geruntur, 54G 
Promissi dea facta potens, ubi sanguine bellum 
Imbuit et primae commisit funera pugnae, 
Deserit Hesperiam, et, caeli conversa per auras, 
Junonem victrix afratur voce supefba : 
" En, perfecta tibi bello discordia tristi! 545 

Die in amicitiam coeant et foedera jungant ! 
Quandoquidem Ausonio respersi sanguine Teucros, 
Hoc etiam his addam, tua si mihi certa voluntas: 
Finitimas in bella feram rumoribus urbes, 
Accendamque animos insani Martis amore. 550 

Undique ut auxilio veniant ; spargam arma per agros." 
Turn contra Juno : V Terrorum et fraudis abunde est. 



VERGILI AENEIS VII. 153 

Stani belli causae ; pugnatur comminus arm is ; 
Quae fors prima dedit, sanguis novus imbuit arma. 
Talia conjugia et tales celebrent hymenaeos 555 

Egregium Yeneris genus et rex ipse Latinus. 
Te super aetherias errare licentius auras 
Haud Pater ille velit, summi regnator Olympi : 
Cede locis ; ego, si qua super fortuna laborum est, 
Ipsa regain." Tales dederat Saturnia voces. 560 

Ilia autem attollit stridentes anguibus alas, 
Cocytique petit sedem, supera ardua linquens. 
Est locus Italiae medio, sub montibus altis, 
Nobilis et fama multis memoratus in oris, 
Amsancti valles ; densis hunc frondibus atrum 565 

Urget utrimque laius nemoris, medioque fragosus 
Dat sonitum saxis et torto vertice torrens. 
Hie specus horrendum et saevi spiracula Ditis 
Monstrantur, ruptoque ingens Acheronte vorago 
Pestiferas aperit fauces: quis condita Erinys, 510 

Invisum numen, terras caelumque levabat. 

Nee minus interea extremam Saturnia bello 
Imponit regina manum. Ruit omnis in urbem 
Pastorum ex acie numerus, caesosque reportant 
Almonem puerum foedatique ora Galaesi, 575 

Implorantque deos, obtestanturque Latinum. 
Turnus adest, medioque in crimine caedis et igni 
Terrorem ingeminat : 'Teucros in regna vocari, 
Stirpem admisceri Phrygiam, se limine pelli/ 
Turn, quorum attonitae Baccho nemora avia matres 580 
Insultant thiasis, (neque enini leve nomen Amatae,) 
Undique collecti coeunt, Martemque fatigant. 
Ilicet infandum cuncti contra omina bellum, 
Contra fata deiim, per verso numine poscunt. 
Certatim regis circumstant tecta Latini. 585 

Ille, velut pelagi rupes immota, resistit, 
Ut pelagi rupes magno veniente fragore, 
Quae sese, multis circum latrantibus undis, 
Mole tenet ; scopuli nequidquam et spumea circum 
Saxa fremunt, laterique illisa refunditur alga. 590 



154 VERGILI AENEIS VII. 

Verum ubi nulla datur caecum exsuperare potestas 

Consilium, et saevae nutu Junonis eunt res, 

Multa deos aurasque pater testatus inanes, 

" Frangimur heu fatis," inquit, " ferimurque procella ! 

Ipsi has sacrilego pendetis sanguine poenas, 595 

O miseri. Te, Turne, nefas, te triste manebit 

Supplicium, votisque deos venerabere seris. 

Nam mihi parta quies, omnisque in limine portus ; 

Funere felici spolior." Nee plura locutus 

Sepsit se tectis, rerumque reliquit habenas. ' 600 

Mos erat Hesperio in Latio, quern protinus urbes 
Albanae coluere sacrum, nunc maxima rerum 
Roma colit, quum prima movent in proelia Martern, 
Sive Getis inferre manu lacrimabile bellum 
Hyrcanisve Arabisve parant, seu tendere ad Indos 605 
Auroramque sequi Parthosque reposcere signa : 
Sunt geminae Belli portae (sic nomine dicunt) 
Religione sacrae et saevi formidine Martis ; 
Centum aerei claudunt vectes aeternaque ferri 
Robora, nee custos absistit limine Janus : 610 

Has, ubi certa sedet patribus sententia pugnae, 
Ipse, Quirinali trabea cinctuque Gabino 
Insignis, reserat stride ntia limina consul ; 
Ipse vocat pugnas ; sequitur turn cetera pubes, 
Aereaque assensu conspirant cornua rauco. 615 

Hoc et turn Aeneadis indicere bella Latinus 
More jubebatur, tristesque recludere portas. 
Abstinuit tactu pater, aversusque refugit 
Foeda minister] a, et caecis se condidit umbris. 
Turn regina deum, caelo delapsa, morantes 620 

Impulit ipsa manu portas, et cardine verso 
Belli ferratos rumpit Saturnia postes. 
Ardet inexcita Ausonia atque immobilis ante ; 
[Pars pedes ire parat campis, pars arduus altis 
Pulverulentus equis furit; omnes arma requirunt. 625 
Pars leves clipeos et spicula lucida tergent 
Arvina pingui, subiguntque in cote secures ;] 
Signaque ferre juvat, sonitusque audire tubarum. 



VERGILI AENEIS VII. 155 

Quinque adeo magnae positis incudibus urbes 

Tela novant, Atina potens, Tiburque superbum, 630 

Ardea, Crustumerique, et turrigerae Antemnae. 

Tegmina tuta cavant capitum, flectuntque saligaas 

Umbonum crates ; alii thoracas aenos 

Aut leves ocreas lento ducunt argento ; 

Yomeris hue et falcis honos, hue omnis aratri 635 

Cessit amor ; recoquunt patrios fornacibus enses. 

Classica jamque sonant, it bello tessera signum. 

Hie galeam tectis trepidus rapit, ille frementes 

Ad juga cogit equos, clipeumque auroque trilicem 

Loricam induitur, fidoque accingitur ense. 640 

Pandite nunc Helicona, deae, cantusque movete, 
Qui bello exciti reges, quae quernque secutae 
Complerint campos acies, quibus Itala jam turn 
Floruerit terra alma viris, quibus arserit armis : 
Et meministis enim, divae, et memorare potestis ; 645 
Ad nos vix tenuis famae perlabitur aura. 

Primus init bellum Tyrrhenis asper ab oris 
Contemptor divimi Mezentius, agminaque armat. 
Filius huic juxta Lausus, quo pulchrior alter 
Non fuit, excepto Laurentis corpore Turni ; 650 

Lausus, equum domitor debellatorque ferarum, 
Ducit Agyllina nequidquam ex urbe secutos 
Mille viros, dignus, patriis qui laetior esset 
Imperiis, et cui pater haud Mezentius esset. 

Post hos insignem palma per gramina currum 655 
Victoresque ostentat equos satus Hercule pulchro 
Pulcher Aventinus, clipeoque insigne paternum 
Centum angues cinctamque gerit serpentibus Hydram: 
Collis Aventini suVa quern Rhea sacerdos 
Furtivum partu sub lummis edidit oras, 660 

Mixta deo mulier, postquam Laurentia victor 
Geryone exstincto Tirynthius attigit arva, 
Tyrrhenoque boves in flumine lavit Hiberas. 
Pila manu saevosque gerunt in bella dolones, 



156 VERGILI AENEIS VII. 

Et tereti pugnant mucrone veruque Sabello. 666 

Ipse pedes, tegumen torquens immane leonis, 
Terribili impexum seta, cum dentibus albis 
Indutus capiti, sic regia tecta subibat, 
Horridus, Herculeoque humeros innexus aniictu.. 

Turn gemini fratres Tiburtia moenia linquunt, 670 
Fratris Tiburti dictam cognomine gentem, 
Catillusque acerque Coras, Argiva juventus, 
Et prim am ante aciem densa inter tela feruntur: 
Ceu duo nubigenae quum vertice montis ab alto 
Descendunt Centauri, Homolen Othrymque nivaleni 675 
Linquentes cursu rapido ; dat euntibus ingens 
Silva locum, et magno cedunt virgulta fragore. 

Nee Praenestinae fundator defuit urbis, 
Vuleano genitum pecora inter agrestia regem 
Inventumque focis omnis quern credidit aetas, 680 

Caeculus. Hunc legio late comitatur agrestis, 
Quique altum Praeneste viri, quique arva Gabinae 
Junonis gelidumque Anienem et roscida rivis 
Hernica saxa colunt, quos dives Anagnia pascit, 
Quos, Amasene pater. Non illis omnibus arma, 685 
Nee clipei currusve sonant : pars maxima glandes 
Liventis plumbi spargit; pars spicula gestat 
Bina manu ; fulvosque lupi de pelle galeros 
Tegmen habent capiti ; vestigia nuda sinistri 
Instituere pedis ; crudus tegit altera pero. 690 

At Messapus, equum domitor, Neptunia proles, • 
Quern neque fas igni cuiquam nee sternere ferro, 
Jam pridem resides populos desuetaque bello 
Agmma in arma vocat subito, ferrumque retract at. 
Hi Fescenninas acies aequosque Faliscos, 69£ 

Hi Soractis habent arces Flavlniaque arva, 
Et Cimini cum monte lacum lucosque Capenos. 
Ibant aequati numero, regemque canebant: 
Ceu quondam nivei liquida inter nubila eyeni, 
Quum sese e pastu referunt et longa canoros 700 



VERGILI AENBIS VII. 157 

Dant per colla rnodos ; sonat amnis et Asia longe 

Pulsa palus. 

Nee quisquam aeratas acies ex agmine tanto 

Misceri putet, aeriam sed gurgite ab alto 

Urgeri volucruni raucarum ad litora nubem. 705 

Ecce Sabinorum prisco de sanguine magnum 
Agmen agens Clausus, magnique ipse agminis instar, 
Claudia nunc a quo diffunditur et tribus et gens 
Per Latium, postquam in partem data Roma Sabinis. 
Una ingens Amiterna cohors priscique Quirites, 110 
Ereti manus omnis oliviferaeque Mutuscae ; 
Qui Momentum urbem, qui Rosea rura Yelini, 
Qui Tetricae horrentes rupes montemque Severum 
Casperiamque colunt Forulosque et flumen Himellae, 
Qui Tiberim Fabarimque bibunt, quos frigida misit 715 
Nursia, et Hortinae classes populique Latini, 
Quosque secans infaustum interluit Allia nomen : 
Quam multi Libyco volvuntur marmore fluctus, 
Saevus ubi Orion hibernis conditur undis ; 
Vel quum sole novo densae torrentur aristae, 720 

Aut Hernii canipo, aut Lyciae flaventibus arvis. 
Scuta sonant, pulsuque pedum conterrita tellus. 

Hinc Agamemnonius, Trojani nominis hostis, 
Curru jungit Halaesus equos, Turnoque feroces 
Mille rapit populos, vertunt felicia Baccho 725 

Massica qui rastris, et quos de collibus altis 
Aurunci misere patres Sidicinaque juxta 
Aequora, quique Cales linquunt, amnisque vadosi 
Areola Yulturni, pariterque Saticulus asper 
Oscorumque manus. Teretes sunt aclydes illis 730 
Tela ; sed haec lento mos est aptare flagello. 
Laevas caetra tegit ; falcati comminus enses. 

Nee tu carminibus nostris indictus abibis, 
Oebale, quern generasse Telon Sebethide nympha 
Fertur, Teleboiim Capreas quum regna teneret, 735 
Jam senior ; patriis sed non et filius arvis 



158 VERGILI AENEIS VII. 

Contentus, late jam turn dicione premebat 
Sarrastes populos, et quae rigat aequora Sarnus, 
Quique Rufras Batulumque tenent atque arva Celemnae, 
Et quos maliferae despectant moenia Abellae, 140 

Teutonico ritu soliti torquere cateias ; 
Tegmina quis capitum raptus de suberes cortex, 
Aerataeque micant peltae y micat aereus ensis. 

Et te montosae misere in proelia Nersae, 
Ufens, insignem fama et felicibus armis ; 745 

Horrida praecipue cui gens, assuetaque multo 
Yenatu nemorum, duris Aequicula glebis. 
Armati terram exercent, semperque recentes 
Convectare juvat praedas et vivere rapto. 

Quin et Marruvia venit de gente sacerdos, 756 

Fronde super galeam et felici comptus oliva, 
Archippi regis missu, fortissimus TJmbro, 
Yipereo generi et graviter spirantibus hydris 
Spargere qui somnos cantuque manuque solebat, 
Mulcebatque iras et morsus arte levabat. 755 

Sed non Dardaniae medicari cuspidis ictum 
Evaluit, neque eum juvere in vulnera cantus 
Somniferi et Marsis quaesitae montibus herbae. 
Te nemus Angitiae, vitrea te Fucinus unda, 
Te liquidi Severe lacus. 760 

Ibat et Hippolyti proles pulcherrima bello, 
Yirbius, insignem quern mater Aricia ntisit, 
Eductum Egeriae lucis humentia circum 
Litora, pinguis ubi et placabilis ara Dianae. 
Namque ferunt fama Hippolytum, postquam arte 
novercae 765 

Occident patriasque explerit sanguine poenas 
Turbatis distractus equis, ad sidera rursus 
Aetheria et superas caeli venisse sub auras, 
Paeoniis revocatum herbis et amore Dianae. 
Turn pater omnipotens, aliquemindignatusabumbris 770 
Mortalem infernis ad lumina surgere vitae, 



VERGILI AENEIS VTT 159 

Ipse repertorem medicinae talis et artis 

Fulinine Phoebigenam Stygias detrusit ad undas. 

At Trivia Hippolytum secretis alma recondit 

Sedibus, et nymphae Egeriae nemorique relegat, 775 

Solus ubi in silvis Italis ignobilis aevum 

Exigeret, versoque ubi nomine Yirbius esset. 

Unde etiam templo Triviae lucisque sacratis 

Cornipedes areentur equi, quod litore currum 

Et juvenem monstris pavidi effudere marinis. 780 

Filius ardentes haud secius aequore campi 

Exercebat equos, curruque in bella ruebat. 

Ipse inter primos praestanti corpore Turnus 
Yertitur arma tenens, et toto vertice supra est : 
Cui triplici crinita juba galea alta Chimaeram 185 

Sustinet, Aetnaeos efflantem faucibus ignes ; 
Tarn magis ilia fremens et tristibus effera flammis, 
Quam magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae. 
At levem clipeum sublatis cornibus Io 
Auro insignibat, jam setis obsita, jam bos, 790 

Argumentum ingens, et custos virginis Argus, 
Caelataque amnem fundens pater Inachus urna. 
Insequitur nimbus peditum, clipeataque totis 
Agmina densentur eampis, Argivaque pubes 
Auruncaeque manus, Rutuli, veteresque Sicani, 795 
Et Sacranae acies, et picti scuta Labici ; 
Qui saltus, Tiberine, tuos, sacrumque Numici 
Litus arant, Rutulosque exercent vomere colles, 
Circaeumque jugum ; quis Jupiter Anxurus arvis 
Praesidet, et viridi gaudens Feronia luco ; 800 

Qua Saturae jacet atra palus, gelidusque per imas 
Quaerit iter valles atque in mare conditur Ufens. 

Hos super advenit Yolsca de gente Camilla, 
Agmen agens equitum et florentes aere catervas, 
Bellatrix, non ilia colo calathisve Minervae 805 

Femineas assueta manus, sed proelia virgo 
Dura pati cursuque pedum praevertere ventos. 
Ilia ve\ intactae segetis per summa volaret 



160 • VERGILI AENEIS VII. 

Graraina, nee teneras cursu laesisset aristas; 

Vel mare per medium, fluctu suspensa tumenti, 810 

Ferret iter, celeres nee tingeret aequore plantas. 

Illam omnis tectis agrisque effusa juventus 

Turbaque miratur matrum et prospectat euntem, 

Attonitis inhians animis, ut regius ostro 

Velet honos leves humeros, ut fibula crinem SI 5 

Auro internectat, Lyciam ut gerat ipsa pharetram 

Et pastoralem praefixa cuspide myrtum. 




P VERGILI MARONIS 

A . E N E I D 8 

LIBER OCTAY US. 

»o»4oc 

13 t belli signum Laurenti Turnus ab arce 

Extulit, et rauco strepuerunt cornua cantu, 

TJtque acres concussit equos, utque impulit arma, 

Extemplo turbati animi, simul omne tunmltu 

Conjurat trepido Latiuni, saevitque juventus 5 

Effera. Ductores primi, Messapus et Ufens 

Contemptorque deimi Mezentius, undique cogunt 

Auxilia, et latos vastant cultoribus agros. 

Mittitur et niagni Yenulus Diomedis ad urbem, 

Qui petat auxilium, et, Latio consistere Teucros, 10 

Advectum Aenean classi victosque Penates 

Inferre, et fatis regem se dicere posci, 

Edoceat, multasque viro se adjungere gentes 

Dardanio, et late Latio increbrescere nomen. 

Quid struat his coeptis, quern, si Fortuna sequatur, 15 

Eventum pugnae cupiat, manifestius ipsi, 

Quam Turno regi, aut regi apparere Latino. 

Talia per Latium. Quae Laomedontius heros 
Cuncta videns magno curarum fluctuat aestu, 
Atque animum nunc hue celerem, nunc dividit illuc, 20 
In partesque rapit varias, perque omnia versat : 
Sicut aquae tremulum labris ubi lumen aenis 
Sole repercussum, aut radiantis imagine lunae, 
Omnia pervolitat late loca, jamque sub auras 

11 Vir. ( 161 > 



162 VERGILI AENEIS VIII. 

Erigitur sumruique ferit laquearia tecti. 25 

Nox erat, et terras animalia fessa per omnes 

Alituum pecudumque genus sopor altus habebat, 

Quum pater in ripa gelidique sub aetheris axe 

Aeneas, tristi turbatus pectora bello, 

Procubuit seramque dedit per membra quietem. 30 

Huic deus ipse loci fluvio Tiberinus amoeno 

Populeas inter senior se attollere frondes 

Visus ; eum tenuis glauco velabat amictu 

Carbasus, et crines umbrosa tegebat arundo; 

Turn sic affari et curas his demere dictis : 35 

" sate gente deiim, Trojanam ex hostibus urbem 
Qui revehis nobis, aeternaque Pergama servas, 
Exspectate solo Laurenti arvisque Latinis, 
Hie tibi certa domus, certi, ne absiste, Penates ; 
Neu belli terrere minis : tumor omnis et irae 40 

Concessere deum. 

Jamque tibi, ne vana putes haec fingere somnum, 
Litoreis ingens inventa sub ilicibus siis, 
Triginta capitum fetus enixa, jacebit, 
Alba, solo recubans, albi circum ubera nati. 45 

Hie locus urbis erit, requies ea certa laborum, 
Ex quo ter denis urbem redeuntibus annis 
Ascanius clari condet cognominis Albam. 
Haud incerta cano. Nunc qua ratione quod instat 
Expedias victor, paucis, adverte, docebo. 50 

Arcades his oris, genus a Pallante profectum, 
Qui regem Evandrum comites, qui signa secuti, 
Delegere locum et posuere in montibus urbem, 
Pallantis proavi de nomine Pallanteum. 
Hi bellum assidue ducunt cum gente Latina ; 55 

Hos castris adhibe socios, et foedera junge. 
Ipse ego te ripis et recto flumine ducam, 
Adversum remis superes subvectus ut amnem. 
Surge age, nate dea, primisque cadentibus astris 
Junoni fer rite preces, iramque minasque 60 

Supplicibus supera votis. Mihi victor honorem 
Persolves. Ego sum, pleno quern flumine cernis 



VERGILI AENEIS VIII, 



163 



Stringentem ripas et pinguia culta secantem, 
Caeruleus Thybris, caelo gratissiinus amnis. 
Ilic inihi magna donius, celsis caput urbibus exit." 



65 



Dixit, deinde lacu Fluvius se condidit alto, 
Ima petens ; nox Aenean somnusque reliquit. 
Surgit, et, aetherii spectans orientia solis 
Lumina, rite cavis undam. de flumine palmis 
Sustinet, ac tales effundit ad aethera voces : 70 

" Nymphae, Laureates nymphae, genus amnibus unde 

est, 
Tuque, o Thybri tuo genitor cum flumine sancto, 
Accipite Aenean, et tandem arcete periclis ! 
Quo te cumque lacus miserantem incommoda nostra 
Fonte tenet, quocumque solo pulcherrimus exis, ?5 

Semper honore meo, semper celebrabere donis, 
Corniger Hesperidum Fluvius regnator aquarum. 
Adsis o tantum, et propius tua numina firmes ! " 
Sic memorat, geminasque legit de classe biremes, 
Remigioque aptat ; socios simul instruit armis. 80 

Ecce autem subitum atque oculis mirabile monstrum, 
Candida per silvam cum fetu concolor albo 
Procubuit viridique in litore conspicitur sus : 
Quam pius Aeneas tibi enim, tibi, maxima Juno, 
Mactat, sacra ferens, et cum grege sistit ad aram. 85 
Thybris ea fluvium, quam longa est, nocte tumentem 
Leniit, et tacita refluens ita substitit unda, 
Mitis ut in morem stagni placidaeque paludis 
Sterneret aequor aquis, remo ut luctamen abesset. 
Ergo iter inceptum celerant rumore secundo ; 90 

Labitur uncta vadis abies; mirantur et undae. 
Miratur nemus insuetum fulgentia longe 
Scuta virum fluvio, pictasque innare carinas. 
Olli remigio noctemque diemque fatigant, 
Et longos superant flexus, variisque teguntur 95 

Arboribus, viridesque secant placido aequore silvas. 
Sol medium caeli conscenderat igneus orbem, 
Quum muros arcemque procul ac rara domorum 



cQ4: VERGILI AENEIS VIII. 

recta vident, quae nunc R-oniana potentia caelo 
Aequavit, turn res inopes Evandrus habebat. 100 

Ocius advertunt proras, urbique propinquant. 

Forte die sollemnem ijlo rex Areas honorem 
Amphitryoniadae magno divisque ferebat 
Ante urbem in lueo. Pallas huic films una, 
Una omnes juvenum primi pauperque senatus 105 

Tura dabant, tepidusque cruor fumabat ad aras. 
Ut celsas videre rates, atque inter opacuni 
Allabi nemus et tacitis incunibere remis, 
Terrentur visu sabito, cunctique relictis 
Consurgunt mensis. Audax quos runipere Pallas 110 
Sacra vetat, raptoque volat telo obvius ipse, 
Et procul e tumulo " Juvenes, quae causa subegit 
Tgnotas tentare vias ? Quo tenditis ? " inquit. 
11 Qui genus ? Unde domo ? Pacemne hue fertis, an 

anna? n 
Turn pater Aeneas puppi sic fatur ab alta, 115 

Paciferaeque manu ramum praetendit olivae : 
11 Trojugenas ac tela vides inimica Latinis, 
Quos illi bello profugos egere superbo. 
Evandruni petimus. Ferte haec, et dicite, lectos 
Dardaniae venisse duces, socia arma rogantes." 120 
Obstupuit tanto percussus nomine Pallas ; 
" Egredere o quicumque es," ait, " coramque parentem 
Alloquere, ac nostris succede penatibus hospes ! " 
Excepitque manu, dextramque amplexus inhaesit. 
Progressi subeunt luco, fluviumque relinquunt. 125 

Turn regem Aeneas dictis affatur amicis: 
" Optime Grajugenum, cui me Fortuna precari 
Et vitta comptos voluit praetendere ramos, 
Non equidem extimui, Danaum quod ductor et Areas 
Quodque ab stirpe fores ge minis conjunctus Atridis ; 130 
Sed mea me virtus et sancta oracula divum, 
Cognatique patres, tua terris didita fama, 
Conjunxere tibi, et fatis egere volentem. 
Dardanus, Iliacae primus pater urbis et auctor, 



VERGILI AENEIS VIII. 165 

Electra, ut Graii perhibent, Atlantide cretus, 135 

Advehitur Teucros ; Electram maximus Atlas 

Edidit, aetherios humero qui sustinet orbes. 

Vobis Mercurius pater est, quern Candida Maia 

Cyllenae gelido conceptum vertice fudit ; 

At Maiam, auditis si quidquam credinms, Atlas, 140 

Idem Atlas generat, caeli qui sidera tollit. 

Sic genus amborum scindit se sanguine ab uno. 

His fretus, non legatos neque prima per artem 

Tentamenta tui pepigi ; me, me ipse meumque 

Objeci caput, et supplex ad limina veni. 145 

Gens eadem, quae te, crudeli Daunia bello 

Insequitur : nos si pellant, nihil afore credunt, 

Quin omnem Hesperiam penitus sua sub juga mittant, 

Et mare, quod supra, teneant, quodque alluit infra. 

Accipe, daque fidem : sunt nobis fortia bello 150 

Pectora, sunt animi et rebus spectata juventus." 

Dixerat Aeneas. Ille os oculosque loquentis 
Jam dudum et totum lustrabat lumine corpus. 
Turn sic pauca refert : " Ut te, fortissime Teucrum, 
Accipio agnoscoque libens ! ut verba parentis 155 

Et vocem Anchisae magni vultumque recordor ! 
Nam memini Hesionae visentem regna sororis 
Laomedontiaden Priamum, Salamina petentem, 
Protinus Arcadiae gelidos invisere fines. 
Turn mihi prima genas vestibat flore juventas ; 160 
Mirabarque duces Teucros, mirabar et ipsuni 
Laomedontiaden ; sed cunctis altior ibat 
Anchises. Mihi mens juvenali ardebat amore 
Compellare virum, et dextrae conjungere dextram. • 
Accessi, et cupidus Phenei sub moenia duxi. 165 

Ille mihi insignem pharetram Lyciasque sagittas 
Discedens chlamydemque auro dedit intertextam, 
Frenaque bina, meus quae nunc habet, aurea, Pallas. 
Ergo et, quam petitis, juncta est mihi foedere dextra, 
Et, lux quum primum terris se crastina reddet, 110 

Auxilio laetos dimittam, opibusque juvabo. 
Interea sacra haec, quando hue venistis amici, 



166 VERGILI AENEIS- VIII. 

Annua, quae differre nefas, celebrate faventes 
Nobiscum, et jam nunc sociorum assuescite mensis." 

Haec ubi dicta, dapes jubet et sublata reponi 175 
Pocula, grarnineoque viros locat ipse sedili, 
Praecipuumque toro et villosi pelle leonis 
Accipit Aenean, solioque invitat acerno. 
Turn lecti juvenes certatim araeque saeerdos 
Viscera tosta ferunt taurorum, onerantque canistris 180 
Dona laboratae Cereris, Bacchumque ministrant. 
Vescitur Aeneas, simul et Trojana juventus, 
Perpetui tergo bovis et lustralibus extis. 

Postquam exempta fames et amor compressus edendi, 
Rex Evandrus ait: " Non haec sollemnia nobis, 185 
Has ex more dapes, hanc tanti numinis aram 
Vana superstitio veterumque ignara deorum 
Imposuit ; saevis, hospes Trojane, periclis 
Servati facimus, meritosque novamus honores. 
Jam primum saxis suspensam hanc aspice rupem, 190 
Disjectae procul ut moles, desertaque montis 
Stat domus, et scopuli ingentem traxere ruinam. 
Hie spelunca fait, vasto submota recessu, 
Semihominis Caci facies quam dira tenebat, 
Solis inaccessam radiis ; semperque recenti 195 

Caede tepebat humus, foribusque affixa superbis 
Ora virum tristi pendebant pallida tabo. 
Huic monstro Yulcanus erat pater : illius atros 
Ore vomens ignes, magna se mole ferebat. 
Attulit et nobis aliquando optantibus aetas 200 

Auxilium adventumque dei. Nam maximus ultor, 
Tergemini nece Geryonae spoliisque superbus, 
Alcides aderat, taurosque hac victor agebat 
Ingentes ; vallemque boves amnemque tenebant. 
At furiis Caci mens effera, ne quid inausum 205 

Aut intractatum scelerisve dolive fuisset, 
Quattuor a stabulis praestanti corpore tauros 
Avertit, totidem forma superante juvencas. 
Atque hos, ne qua forent pedibus vestigia rectis, 



VERGILI AENEIS VIII. 167 

Cauda in speluncam tractos versisque viarum 210 

Indiciis raptos, saxo oceultabat opaco. 

Quaerenti nulla ad speluncam signa ferebant. 

Interea, quum jam stabulis saturata moveret 

Ainphitryoniades armenta abitumque pararet, 

Discessu mugire boves, atque omne querelis 215 

Impleri nemus, et colles clamore relinqui. 

Reddidit una bourn vocem, vastoque sub antro 

Mugiit, et Caci spem custodita fefellit. 

Hie vero Alcidae furiis exarserat atro 

Felle dolor: rapit arma manu nodisque gravatum 220 

Robur, et aerii cursu petit ardua montis. 

Turn primum nostri Cacum videre timentem 

Turbatumque oculis. Fugit ilicet ocior Euro, 

Speluncamque petit : pedibus timor addidit alas. 

Ut sese inclusit, ruptisque immane catenis 225 

Dejecit saxum, ferro quod et arte paterna 

Pendebat, fultosque emuniit objice postes, 

Ecce furens animis aderat Tirynthius, omnemque 

Accessum lustrans hue ora ferebat et illuc, 

Dentibus infrendens. Ter totum fervidus ira 230 

Lustrat Aventini montem, ter saxea tentat 

Limina nequidquam, ter fessus valle resedit. 

Stabat acuta silex, praecisis undique saxis 

Speluncae dorso insurgens, altissima visu, 

Dirarum nidis domus opportuna volucrum : 235 

Hanc, ut prona jugo laevum incumbebat ad amnem, 

Dexter in adversum nitens concussit, et imis 

Avulsam solvit radicibus ; inde repente 

Impulit ; impulsu quo maximus intonat aether, 

Dissultant ripae, refluitque exterritus amnis. 240 

At specus et Caci detecta apparuit ingens 

Regia, et umbrosae penitus patuere cavernae ; 

Non secus, ac si qua penitus vi terra dehiscens 

Infernas reseret sede3 et regna recludat 

Pallida, dis in visa, superque immane barathrum 245 

Cernatur, trepidentque immisso lumine Manes 

Ergo insperata deprensum in luce repente, 

Inclusumque cavo saxo atque insueta rudentem, 



168 VERGILI AENEIS VIII. 

Desuper Alcides telis premit, omniaque arma 
Advocat, et ramis vastisque niolaribus instat. 250 

Ille autem (neque enim fuga jam super ulla pericli) 
Paucibus ingentem fumuin, mirabile dictu, 
Ev^omit, involvitque domum caligine caeca, 
Prospectum eripiens oculis, glomeratque sub antro 
Fumiferam noctem commixtis igne tenebris. 255 

Non tulit Alcides aniniis, seque ipse per ignem 
Praecipiti jecit saltu, qua plurimus undam 
Fumus agit nebulaque ingens specus aestuat atra. 
Hie Cacum in tenebris incendia vana vomentem 
Corripit, in nodum complexus, et angit inhaerens 260 
Elisos oculos et siccum sanguine guttur. 
Panditur extemplo foribus domus atra revulsis, 
Abstractaeque boves abjurataeque rapinae 
Caelo ostenduntur, pedibusque informe cadaver 
Protrahitur. Nequeunt expleri corda tuendo 265 

Terribiles oculos, vultum villosaque setis 
Pectora semiferi, atque exstinctos faucibus ignes. 
Ex illo celebratus honos, laetique minores 
Servavere diem ; primusque Potitius auctor, 
Et domus Herculei custos Pinaria sacri. 270 

Hanc aram luco statuit, quae Maxima semper 
Dicetur nobis, et erit quae maxima semper. 
Quare agite, o juvenes, tantarum in munere laudum 
Cingite fronde comas et pocula porgite dextris, 
Communemque vocate deum, et datevina volentes." 275 
Dixerat : Herculea bicolor quum populus umbra 
Velavitque comas foliisque innexa pependit, 
Et sacer implevit dextram scyphus. Ocius omnes 
In mensam laeti libant, divosque precantur. 

Devexo interea propior fit Yesper Olympo. 280 

Jamque sacerdotes primusque Potitius ibant, 
Pellibus in morem cincti, flammasque ferebant. 
Instaurant epulas, et mensae grata secundae 
Dona ferunt, cumulantque oneratis lancibus ai is. 
Turn Salii ad cantus incensa altaria circum 285 

Populeis adsunt evincti tempora ramis, 



VERG1LI AENEIS VIII. 169 

Hicjuvenum chorus, ille senum ; qui carmine laudes 
Herculeas et facta ferunt : ut prima novercae 
Monstra manu geminosque premens eliserit angues ; 
Ut bello egregias idem disjecerit urbes, 290 

Trojamque Oechaliamque ; ut duros mille labores 
Rege sub Eurystheo fatis Junonis iniquae 
Pertulerit. " Tu nubigenas, invicte, bimembres, 
Hylaeumque Pholumque, manu, tu Cresia mactas 
Prodigia, et vastum Nemea sub rupe leonem ; 295 

Te Stygii tremuere lacus, te janitor Orci 
Ossa super recubans antro semiesa cruento. 
Nee te ullae facies, non terruit ipse Typhoeus, 
Arduus arm a tenens ; non te rationis egentem 
Lernaeus turba capitum circumstetit anguis. 300 

Salve, vera Jovis proles, decus addite divis, 
Et nos et tua dexter adi pede sacra secundo." 
Talia carminibus celebrant ; super omnia Caci 
Speluncam adjiciunt, spirantemque ignibus ipsum. 
Consonat orane nemus strepitu, collesque resultant. 305 

Exin se cuncti divinis rebus ad urbem 
Perfectis referunt. Ibat rex obsitus aevo, 
Et comitem Aenean juxta natumque tenebat 
Ingrediens, varioque viam sermone levabat. 
Miratur facilesque oculos fert omnia circum 310 

Aeneas, capiturque locis, et singula laetus 
Exquiritque auditque virum monumenta prioruni. 
Turn rex Evandrus, Romanae conditor arcis : 
u Haec nemora indigenae Fauni Nymph aeque tenebant, 
Gensque virum truncis et duro robore nata, 315 

Quis neque mos neque cultus erat, nee jungere tauros 
Aut componere opes norant, aut parcere parto ; 
Sed rami atqtie asper victu venatus alebat. 
Primus ab aetherio venit Saturnus Olympo, 
Arma Jovis fugiens et regnis exsul ademptis : 320 

Is genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altis 
Composuit, legesque dedit, Latiumque vocari 
Maluit, his quoniam latuisset tutus An oris. 
Aurea quae perhibent, illo sub rege fuere 



170 VEEGILl AENEIS VIII. 

Saecula : sic placida populos in pace regebat, 325 

Peterior donee paulatim ac decolor aetas 

Et belli rabies et amor successit habendi. 

Turn manus Ausonia et gentes venere Sicanae, 

Saepius et nomen posuit Saturnia tellus ; 

Turn reges, asperque irnmani corpore Thybris, 330 

A quo post Itali fluvium cognomine Thybrim . 

Diximus ; amisit verum vetus Albula nomen. 

Me pulsum patria pelagique extrema sequentem 

Fortuna omnipotens et ineluctabile fatum 

His posuere locis, matrisque egere tremenda 335 

Carmentis Nymphae monita et deus auctor Apollo." 

Yix ea dicta ; dehinc progressus, monstrat et aram, 

Et Carmentalem Romani nomine portam 

Quammemorant, Nymphae priscum Carmentis honorem, 

Yatis fatidicae, cecinit quae prima futuros 340 

Aeneadas magnos et nobile Pallanteum. 

Hinc lucum ingentem, quern Romulus acer Asylum 

Retulit, et gelida monstrat sub rupe Lupercal, 

Parrhasio dictum Panos de more Lycaei ; 

Nee non et sacri monstrat nemus Argileti, 345 

Testaturque locum, et letum docet hospitis Argi. 

Hinc ad Tarpeiam sedem et Capitolia ducit, 

Aurea nunc, olim silvestribus horrida dumis. 

Jam turn religio pavidos terrebat agrestes 

Dira loci ; jam turn silvam saxumque tremebant. 350 

" Hoc nemus, hunc," inquit, u frondoso vertice collem, 

(Quis deus incertum est) habitat deus ; Arcades ipsum 

Gredunt se vidisse Jovem, quum saepe nigrantem 

Aegida concuteret dextra, nimbosque cieret. 

Haec duo praeterea disjectis oppida muris, 355 

Reliquias veterumque vides monumenta virorum : 

Hanc Janus pater, hanc Saturnus condidit arcem ; 

Janiculum huic, illi fuerat Saturnia nomen." 

Talibus inter se dictis ad tecta subibant 

Pauperis Evandri, passimque armenta videbant 360 

Romanoque Foro et lautis mugire Carinis. 

Ut ventum ad sedes : " Haec " inquit " limina victor 

Alcides subiit, haec ilium regia cepit : 



VERGILI AENEIS VIII. 171 

Aude, hospes, contemnere opes, et te quoque dignum 
Finge deo, rebusque veni non asper egenis." 365 

Dixit, et angusti subter fastigia tecti 
Ingenteni Aenean duxit, stratisque locavit 
Effultum foliis et pelle Libystidis ursae. 

Nox ruit, et fuscis tellurem amplectitur alis. 
At Yenus haud animo nequidquam exterrita mater, 370 
Laurentumque minis et duro mota turnultu, 
Yulcanurn alloquitur, thalamoque haec conjugis aureo 
Incipit, et dictis divinum adspirat amorem : 
" Dum bello Argolici vastabant Pergama reges 
Debita casurasque inimicis ignibus arces, 375 

Non ullum auxilium miseris, non arma rogavi 
Artis opisque tuae, nee te, carissime conjunx, 
Ineassumve tuos volui exercere labores ; 
Quamvis et Priami deberem plurima natis, 
Et durum Aeneae flevissem saepe laborem. 380 

Nunc Jo vis imperiis Rutulorum constitit oris. 
Ergo eadem supplex venio, et sanctum mini numen 
Arma rogo, genetrix nato. Te filia Nerei, 
Te pbtuit lacrimis Tithonia flectere conjunx. 
Aspice, qui coeant populi, quae moenia clausis 385 

Ferrum acuant portis in me excidiumque meorum." 
Dixerat, et niveis hinc atque hinc diva lacertis 
Cunctantem amplexu molli fovet. Ille repente 
Accepit solitam flammam, notusque medullas 
Intravit calor, et labefacta per ossa cucurrit; 390 

Non secus atque olim, tonitru quum rupta corusco 
Ignea rima micans percurrit lumine nimbos. 
Sensit laeta dolis et formae conscia conjunx. 
Turn pater aeterno fatur devinctus amore : 
" Quid causas petis ex alto ? fiducia cessit 395 

Quo tibi, diva, mei ? Similis si cura fuisset, 
Turn quoque fas nobis Teucros armare fuisset ; 
Nee pater omnipotens Trojam nee fata vetabant 
Stare, decemque alios Priamum superesse per annos. 
Et nunc, si bell are paras atque haec tibi mens est, 400 
Quidquid in arte mea possum promittere cu^ae, 



172 VEEGILI AENEIS VIII. 

Quod fieri ferro liquidove potest electro, 

Quantum ignes animaeque valent, absiste precando 

Viribus indubitare tuis." Ea verba locutus 

Optatos dedit amplexus, placidumque petivit 405 

Conjugis infusus gremio per membra soporem. 

Inde ubi prima quies medio jam Noctis abactae 
Curriculo expulerat somnum, quum femina primum, 
Cui tolerare colo vitam tenuique Minerva 
Impositum, cinerem et sopitos suscitat ignes, 410 

Noctem addens operi, famulasque ad lumina longo 
Exercet penso, castum ut servare cubile 
Conjugis et possit parvos educere natos : 
Haud secus Ignipotens nee tempore segnior illo 
Mollibus e stratis opera ad fabrilia surgit. 415 

Insula Sicanium juxta latus Aeoliamque 
Erigitur Liparen, fumantibus ardua saxis, 
Quam subter specus et Cyclopum exesa caminis 
Antra Aetnaea tonant, validique incudibus ictus 
Auditi referunt gemitum, striduntque cavernis 420 

Stricturae Chalybum, et fornacibus ignis anhelat ; 
Yulcani domus, et Yulcania nomine tellus. 
Hoc tunc Ignipotens caelo descendit ab alto. 
Ferrum exercebant vasto Cyclopes in antro, 
Brontesque Steropesque et nudus membra Pyragmon. 425 
His informatum manibus jam parte polita 
Fulmen erat ; toto genitor quae plurima caelo 
Dejicit in terras ; pars imperfecta manebat : 
Tres imbris torti radios, tres nubis aquosae 
Addiderant, rutili tres ignis et alitis Austri ; 430 

Fulgores nunc terrificos sonitumque metumque 
Miscebant operi, flammisque sequacibus iras. 
Parte alia Marti currumque rotasque volucres 
Instabant, quibus ille viros, quibus excitat urbes ; 
Aegidaque horriferam, turbatae Palladis arma, 435 
Certatim squamis serpentum auroque polibant, 
Connexosque angues, ipsamque in pectore divae 
Gorgona, desecto vertentem lumina collo. 
" Tollite cuncta," inquit, " coeptosque auferte labores, 



VERGILI AENEIS VIII. 173 

Aetnaei Cyclopes, et hue advertite mentem. 440 

Arma acri facienda viro. Nunc viribus usus, 

Nunc nianibus rapidis, omni nunc arte magistra. 

Praecipitate moras ! " Nee plura effatus ; at illi 

Ocius incubuere omnes, pariterque laborem 

Sortiti. Fluit aes rivis aurique nietallurn, 445 

Yulnificusque chalybs vasta fornace liquescit. 

Ingentem clipeum informant, unum omnia contra 

Tela Latinorum, septenosque orbibus orbes 

Impediunt. Alii ventosis follibus auras 

Accipiunt redduntque ; alii stridentia tinguunt 450 

Aera lacu ; gemit impositis incudibus antrum. 

Illi inter sese multa vi brachia tollunt 

In numerum, versantque tenaci forcipe massam. 

Haec pater Aeoliis properat dum Lemnius oris, 
Evandrum ex humili tecto lux suscitat alma 455 

Et matutini volucrum sub culmine cantus. 
Consurgit senior, tunicaque inducitur artus, 
Et Tyrrhena pedum circumdat vincula plantis ; 
Turn lateri atque humeris Tegeaeum subligat ensem, 
Demissa ab laeva pantherae terga retorquens. 460 

Nee non et gemini custodes limine ab alto 
Praecedunt gressumque canes comitantur herilem. 
Hospitis Aeneae sedem et secreta petebat, 
Sermonum memor et promissi muneris, heros. . 
Nee minus Aeneas se matutinus agebat. 465 

Filius huic Pallas, illi comes ibat Achates. 
Congressi jungunt dextras, mediisque residunt 
Aedibus, et licito tandem sermone fruuntur. 
Rex prior haec : 

u Maxime Teucrorum duct or, quo sospite numquam 470 
Res equidem Trojae victas aut regna fatebor, 
Nobis ad belli auxilium pro nomine tanto 
Exiguae vires: hinc Tusco claudimur amni, 
Hinc Rutulus premit et murum circumsonat armis. 
Sed tibi ego ingentes populos opulentaque regnis 475 
Jungere castra paro, quam fors inopina salutcm 
Ostentat. Eatis hue te poscentibus affers. 



174 VERGILI AENEIS VIII. 

Haud procul hinc saxo incolitur fundata vetusto 

Urbis Agyllinae sedes, ubi Lydia quondam 

Gens, bello praeclara, jugis insedit Etruscis. 480 

Hanc multos florentem annos rex deinde superbo 

Imperio et saevis tenuit Mezentius armis. 

Quid meniorem infandas caedes, quid facta tyranni 

Efifera ? Di capiti ipsius generique reservent ! 

Mortua quin etiam jungebat corpora vivis, 485 

Componens manibusque manus atque oribus ora, 

Tormenti genus, et sanie taboque fluentes 

Complexu in misero longa sic morte necabat. 

At fessi tandem cives infanda furentem 

Armati circumsistunt ipsumque domumque, 490 

Obtruncant soeios, ignem ad fastigia jactant. 

Ille inter caedem Rutulorum elapsus in agros 

Confugere, et Turni defendier hospitis armis. 

Ergo omnis furiis surrexit Etruria justis ; 

Regem ad supplicium praesenti Marte reposcunt. 495 

His ego te, Aenea, ductorem milibus addam. 

Toto namque fremunt condensae litore puppes, 

Signaque ferre jubent ; retinet longaevus haruspex, 

Fata canens : * Maeoniae delecta juventus, 

Flos veterum virtusque virfim, quos Justus in hostem 500 

Fert dolor et merita accendit Mezentius ira, 

Nulli fas Italo. tantam subjungere gentem ; 

Externos optate duces.' Turn Etrusca resedit 

Hoc acies campo, monitis exterrita divuni. 

Ipse oratores ad me regnique coronam 505 

Cum sceptro misit, mandatque insignia Tarchon, 

Succedam castris, Tyrrhenaque regna capessam. 

Sed mihi tarda gelu saeclisque effeta senectus 

Invidet imperium, seraeque ad fortia vires. 

Griiatum exhortarer, ni mixtus matre Sabella 510 

Hinc partem patriae traheret. Tu, cujus et annis 

Et generi fata indulgent, quern numina poscunt, 

Ingredere, o Teucrum atque Italum fortissime ductor. 

Hunc tibi praetorea, spes et solatia nostri, 

Fallanta adjungam ; sub te tolerare magistro 515 

Mililiam et grave Martis opus, tua cernere facta 



VERGILI AENEIS VIII. 175 

Assuescat, primis et te miretur ab annis. 
Arcadas huic equites bis centum, robora pubis 
Lecta, dabo, totidemque suo tibi nomine Pallas." 

Vix ea fatus erat : defixique ora tenebant 520 

Aeneas Anchisiades et fidus Achates ; 
Multaque dura suo tristi cum corde putabant, 
Ni signum caelo Cytherea dedisset aperto. 
Namque improviso vibratus ab aethere fulgor 
Cum sonitu venit, et ruere omnia visa repente, 525 
Tyrrhenusque tubae mugire per aethera clangor. 
Suspiciunt ; iterum atque iterum fragor increpat ingens. 
Arma inter nubem caeli in regione serena 
Per sudum rutilare vident et pulsa tonare. 
Obstupuere animis alii ; sed Troius heros 530 

Agnovit sonitum et divae promissa parentis. 
Turn memorat : " Ne vero, hospes, ne quaere profecto, 
Quern casum portenta ferant : ego poscor Olyrnpo. 
Hoc signum cecinit missuram diva creatrix, 
Si bellum ingrueret, Yulcaniaque arma per auras 535 
Laturam auxilio. 

Heu quantae miseris caedes Laurentibus instant ! 
Quas poenas mihi, Turne, dabis ! quam multa sub undas 
Scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volves, 
Thybri pater! Poscant acies et foedera rumpant!" 540 

Haec ubi dicta dedit, solio se tollit ab alto, 
Et primum Herculeis sopitas ignibus aras 
Suscitat, hesternumque Larem parvosque Penates 
Laetus adit ; mactant lectas de more bidentes 
Evandrus pariter, pariter Trojana juventus. 545 

Post hinc ad naves graditur, sociosque revisit. 
Quorum de numero, qui sese in bella sequantur, 
Praestantes virtute legit ; pars cetera prona 
Fertur aqua, segnisque secundo defluit amni, 
Nuntia ventura Ascanio rerumque patrisque. 550 

Dantur equi Teucris Tyrrhena petentibus arva; 
Ducunt exsortem Aeneae, quern fulva leonis 
Pellis obit totum, pracfulgens unguibus aureis. 



176 VERGILI AENEIS VIII. 

Fama volat parvani subito vulgata per urbem, 
Ocius ire equites Tyrrheni ad litora regis. 555 

Vota metu duplicant matres, propiusque periclo 
It timor, et major Martis jam apparet imago. 
Turn pater Evandrus, dextram complexus euntis, 
Haeret, inexpletus lacrimans, ac talia fatur : 
11 mihi praeteritos referat si Jupiter annos, 560 

Qualis eram, quum primam aciem Praeneste sub ipsa 
Stravi scutorumque incendi victor acervos, 
Et regem hac Erulum dextra sub Tartara misi, 
Nascenti cui tres animas Feronia mater 
(Horrendum dictu!) dederat, terna. arma movenda; 565 
Ter Leto sternendus erat ; cui turn tamen omnes 
Abstulit haec animas dextra et totidem exuit armis : 
Non ego nunc dulci amplexu divellerer usquam, 
Nate, tuo, neque finitimus Mezentius umquam 
Huic capiti insultans, tot ferro saeva dedisset 570 

Funera, tarn multis viduasset civibus urbem. 
At vos, o superi, et divum tu maxime rector 
Jupiter, Arcadii, quaeso, miserescite regis, 
Et patrias audite preces : Si numina vestra 
Incolumem Pallanta mihi, si fata reservant, 515 

Si visurus eum vivo et venturus in unum : 
Yitam oro ; patior quemvis durare laborem. 
Sin aliquem infandum casum, Fortuna, minaris : 
Nunc, o nunc liceat crudelem abmmpere vitam, 
Dum curae ambiguae, dum spes incerta futuri, 580 

Dam te, care puer, mea sera et sola voluptas, 
Complexu teneo ; gravior neu nuntius aures 
Vulneret." Haec genitor digressu dicta supremo 
Fundebat ; famuli collapsum in tecta ferebant. 

Jamque adeo exierat portis equitatus apertis, 585 
Aeneas inter primos et fidus Achates, 
Inde alii Trojae proceres ; ipse agmine Pallas 
In medio, chlamyde et pictis conspectus in armis : 
Qualis ubi Oceani perfusus Lucifer unda, 
Quern Venus ante alios astrorum diligit ignes, 590 

Extulit os sacrum caelo tenebrasque resolvit. 






VERGILI AENEIS VIII. 177 

Stant pavidae in muris matres, oculisque sequuntur 

Pulveream nubem et fulgentes aere catervas. 

Olli per dumos, qua proxima meta viarum, 

Armati tendunt ; it clamor, et agmine facto 595 

Quadrupedante putrem sonitu quatit ungula carnpum. 

Est ingens gelidurn lucus prope Caeritis anineni, 

Religione patrum late sacer ; undique colles 

Inclusere cavi et nigra nenius abiete cingunt. 

Silvano fama est veteres sacrasse Pelasgos, 600 

Arvoruni pecorisque deo, lucumque diernque, 

Qui prirni fines aliquando habuere Latinos : 

.Haud procul hine Tarcho et Tyrrheni tuta tenebant 

Castra locis, celsoque omnis de colle videri 

Jam poterat legio, et latis tendebat in arvis. 605 

Hue pater Aeneas et bello lecta juventus 

Succedunt, fessique et equos et corpora curant. 

At Yenus aetherios inter dea Candida nimbos 
Dona ferens aderat ; natumque in valle reducta 
Ut procul et gelido secretum flumine vidit, 610 

Talibus affata est dictis, seque obtulit ultro : 
" En perfecta mei promissa conjugis arte 
Munera, ne mox aut Laurentes, nate, superbos, 
Aut acrem dubites in proelia poscere Turnurn." 
Dixit et amplexus nati Cytherea petivit ; 615 

Arma sub adversa posuit radiantia quercu. 
Hie, deae donis et tanto laetus honore, 
Expleri nequit atque oculos per singula volvit, 
Miraturque interque manus et brachia versat 
Terribilem cristis galeam flammasque minantem, 620 
Fatiferumque ensem, loricam ex aere rigentem, 
Sanguineam, ingentem, qualis quum caerula nubes 
Solis inardescit radiis longeque refulget ; 
Turn leves ocreas electro auroque recocto, 
Hastamque, et clipei non enarrabile textum. 625 

Illic res Italas Romanorurnque triumphos, 
Haud vatum ignarus venturique inscius aevi, 
Fecerat Ignipotens ; illic genus omne futurae 
Stirpis ab Ascanio, pugnataque in ordine bella. 
12 Vir. 



178 VERGILI AEJSTEIS VIII. 

Pecerat et viridi fetarn Mavortis in antro 630 

Procubuisse lupain ; geminos huic ubera circum 

Ludere pendentes pueros, et lambere matrem 

Impavidos ; illam tereti cervice reflexa 

Malcere alternos, et corpora fingere lingua. 

Nee procul hinc Romara et raptas sine more Sabinas 635 

Consessu caveae, magnis Circensibus actis, 

Addiderat, subitoque novum consurgere bellum 

Romulidis Tatioque seni Curibusque severis. 

Post idem, inter se posito certamine, reges 

Armati Jovis ante aram paterasque tenentes 640 

Stabant et caesa jungebant foedera porca. 

Haud procul inde citae Mettum in diversa quadrigae 

Distulerant, (at tu dictis, Albane, maneres!), 

Raptabatque viri mendacis viscera Tullus 

Per silvam, et sparsi rorabant sanguine vepres. 645 

Nee non Tarquinium ejectum Porsenna jubebat 

Accipere, ingentique urbem obsidione premebat ; 

Aeneadae in ferrum pro libertate ruebant. 

Ilium indignanti similem similemque minanti 

Aspiceres, pontem auderet quia vellere Codes, 650 

Et fluvium vinclis innaret Cloelia ruptis. 

In summo custos Tarpeiae Manlius arcis 

Stabat pro templo et Capitolia celsa tenebat, 

Romuleoque recens horrebat regia culmo. 

Atque hie auratis volitans argenteus anser 655 

Porticibus Gallos in limine adesse canebat; 

Galli per dumos aderant, arcemque tenebant, 

Defensi tenebris et dono noctis opacae : 

Aurea caesaries ollis atque aurea vestis ; 

Virgatis lucent sagulis ; turn lactea colla 660 

Auro innectuntur ; duo quisque Alpina coruscant 

Gaesa manu, scutis protecti corpora longis. 

Hie exsultantes Salios nudosque Lupercos, 

Lanigerosque apices et lapsa ancilia caelo 

Extuderat ; castae ducebant sacra per urbem 665 

Pilentis matres in mollibus. Hinc procul addit 

Tartareas etiam sedes, alta ostia Ditis, 

Et scelerum poenas, et te, Catilina, minaci 



VERGILI AENEIS VIII. 179 

Pendentem scopulo Furiarumque ora trementem ; 
Secretosque pios ; his dantem jura Catonem. 6 TO 

Haec inter tumidi late maris ibat imago, 
Aurea, sed fiuctu spumabant caerula cano ; 
Et circum argento clari delphines in orbem 
Aequora verrebant eaudis, aestumque secabant. 
In medio classes aeratas, Actia bella, 675 

Cernere erat ; totumque instruct© Marte videres 
Fervere Loucaten, auroque effulgere flactus. 
Hinc Augustus agens Italos in proelia Caesar 
Cum Patribus Populoque, Penatibus et magnis Dis, 
Stans celsa in puppi ; geminas cui tempora flammas 680 
Laeta vorount, patriumque aperitur vertice sidus ; 
Parte alia ventis et dis Agrippa secundis 
Arduus agmen agens ; cui, belli insigne superbum, 
Tempora naval i fulgent rostrata corona. 
Hinc ope barbarica variisque Antonius armis, 685 

Victor ab Aurorae populis et litore rubro, 
Aegyptum viresque Orientis et ultima secum 
Bactra vehit ; sequiturque (nefas !) Aegyptia conjunx. 
Una omnes ruere, ac totum spumare reductis 
Convulsum remis rostrisque tridentibus aequor. 690 
Alta petunt : pelago credas innare revulsas 
Cycladas, aut montes concurrere montibus altos j 
Tanta mole viri turritis puppibus instant. 
Stuppea flamma manu telisque volatile ferrum 
Spargitur ; arva nova Neptunia caede rubescunt. 695 
Regina in mediis patrio vocat agmina sistro, 
Necdum etiam geminos a tergo respicit angues. 
Omnigenumque deiim monstra et latrator Anubis 
Contra Neptunum et Yenerem contraque Minervam 
Tela tenent. Saevit medio in certamine Mavors, 700 
Caelatus ferro, tristesque ex aethere Dirae ; 
Et scissa gaudens vadit Discordia palla, 
Quam cum sanguineo sequitur Bellona flagello. 
Actius haec cernens arcum intendebat Apollo 
Desuper : omnis eo terrore Aegyptus et Indi, 705 

Omnis Arabs, omnes vertebant terga Sabaei. 
Ipsa videbatur ventis regina vocatis 



180 VERGILI AENEIS VIII. 

Vela dare, et laxos jam jamque immittere furies. 
Illam inter caedes pallentem morte futura 
Fecerat Ignipotens undis et Iapyge ferri ; 710 

Contra autem magno maerentem corpore Nilum, 
Pandentemque sinus et tota veste vocantem 
Caeruleum in gremium latebrosaque flumina victos. 
At Caesar, triplici invectus Romana triumpho 
Moenia, dis Italis votum immortale sacrabat, 115 

Maxima tercentum totam delubra per Urbem. 
Laetitia ludisque viae plausuque fremebant ; 
Omnibus in templis matrum chorus, omnibus arae ; 
Ante aras terrain caesi stravere juvenci. 
Ipse, sedens niveo candentis limine Phoebi, 720 

Dona recognoscit populorum, aptatque superbis 
Postibus ; incedunt vietae longo ordine gentes, 
Quam variae Unguis, habitu tarn vestis et armis. 
Hie Nomadum genus et discinctos Mulciber Afros, 
Hie Lelegas Carasque sagittiferosque Gelonos 725 

Finxerat ; Euphrates ibat jam mollior undis, 
Extremique hominum Morini, Rhenusque bicornis, 
Indomitique Dahae, et pontem indignatus Araxes. 
Talia per clipeum Yulcani, dona parentis, 
Miratur, rerumque ignarus imagine gaudet, 730 

Attollens humero famamque et fata nepotum. 




P. VERGILI MARONIS 

A E " N E I D S 

LIBER NONUS. 
^oXKoo 

Atque ea diversa penitus dum parte geruntur, 
Irim de caelo misit Saturnia Jano 
Audacem ad Turnum. Luco turn forte parentis 
Pilumni Turnus sacrata valle sedebat. 
Ad quern sic roseo Thaumantias ore locuta est : 5 

" Turne, quod optanti divuin promittere nemo 
Auderet, volvenda dies, en, attulit ultro. 
Aeneas, urbe et sociis et classe relicta, 
Sceptra Palatini sedemque petit Evandri ; 
Nee satis : extremas Corythi penetravit ad urbes, 10 
Lydorumque manuni collectosque arrnat agrestes. 
Quid dubitas ? Nunc tempus equos, nunc poscere currus. 
Rumpe moras omnes et turbata arripe castra." 
Dixit, et in caelum paribus se sustulit alis, 
Ingentemque fuga secuit sub nubibus arcum. 15 

Agnovit juvenis, duplicesque ad sidera palmas 
Sustulit, ac tali fugientem est voce secutus : 
" Iri, decus caeli, quis te mihi nubibus actam 
Detulit in terras ? unde haec tarn clara repente 
Tempestas ? Medium video discedere caelum, 20 

Palantesque polo Stellas. Sequor omina tanta, 
Quisquis in arma vocas." Et sic effatus ad undam 
Processit, summoque hausit de gurgite lymphas, 
Multa deos orans, oneravitque aethera votis. 

(181) 



182 VERGILI AENEIS IX. 

Jamque omnis campis exercitus ibat apertis, 25 

Div r es equum, dives pictai vestis et auri : 
Messapus primas acies, postrema coercent 
Tyrrhidae juvenes ; medio dux agmine Turnus 
[Yertitur arm a tenens, et toto vertice supra est] : 
Ceu septem surgens sedatis amnibus altus 30 

Per taciturn Ganges, aut pingui numine Nilus 
Quum refluit campis et jam se condidit alveo. 
Hie subitam nigro glomerari pulvere nubem 
Prospiciunt Teucri, ac tenebras insurgere campis. 
Primus ab adversa conclamat mole Caicus : 35 

" Quis globus, o cives, caligine volvitur atra ? 
Ferte citi ferrum, date tela, ascendite muros : 
Hostis adest, heia ! " Ingenti clamore per omnes 
Condunt se Teucri portas, et moenia complent : 
Namque ita discedens praeceperat optimus armis 40 
Aeneas : si qua interea fortuna fuisset, 
Neu struere auderent aciem, neu credere campo ; 
Castra modo et tutos servarent aggere muros. 
Ergo etsi conferre manum pudor iraque monstrat, 
Objiciunt portas tamen, et praecepta facessunt, 45 

Armatique cavis exspectant turribus hostem. 
Turnus, ut ante volans tardum praecesserat agmen, 
Yiginti lectis equitum comitatus et urbi 
Improvisus adest ; maculis quern Thracius albis 
Portat equus, cristaque tegit galea aurea rubra. 50 

" Ecquis erit, mecum, juvenes, qui primus in hostem...? 
En!" ait; et jaculum attorquens emittit in auras, 
Principium pugnae, et campo sese arduus infert. 
Clamore excipiunt socii, fremituque sequuntur 
Horrisono ; Teucrum mirantur inertia corda, 55 

Non aequo dare se campo, non obvia ferre 
Arma viros, sed castra fovere. Hue turbidus atque hue 
Lustrat equo muros, aditumque per avia quaerit. 
Ac veluti pleno lupus insidiatus ovili 
Quum fremit ad caulas, ventos perpessus et inibres, 60 
Nocte super media : (tuti sub matribus agni 
Balatum exercent ; ille asper et improbus ira 
Saevit in absentes : collecta fatigat edendi 



VERGILI AENEIS IX. 183 

Ex longo rabies, et sicjeae sanguine fauces :) 

Haud aliter Kutulo inuros et castra tuenti 65 

Ignescunt irae ; duris dolor ossibus ardet. 

Qua tentet ratione aditus, et quae via clausos 

Excutiat Teucros 'vallo atque effundat in aequuni ? 

Classem, quae lateri castrorum adjuncta latebat, 

Aggeribus septarn circum et fluvialibus undis, 70 

Invadit, sociosque incendia poscit ovantes, 

Atque manum pinu flagranti fervidus implet. 

Turn vero incumbunt : urget praesentia Turni, 

Atque omnis facibus pubes accingitur atris. 

Diripuere focos ; piceurn fert fumida lumen 75 

Taeda, et commixtam Yulcanus ad astra favillam. 

Quis deus, o Musae, tarn saeva incendia Teucris 
Avertit ? tantos ratibus quis depulit ignes ? 
Dicite ! Prisca fides facto, sed fama perennis. 

Tempore quo primum Phrygia formabat in Ida 80 
Aeneas classem, et pelagi petere alta parabat, 
Ipsa deum fertur genetrix Berecyntia magnum 
Yocibus his affata Jovem : "Da, nate, petenti, 
Quod tua cara parens domito te poscit Olympo. 
Pinea silva mihi, multos dilecta per annos ; 85 

Lucus in arce fuit summa, quo sacra ferebant, 
Nigranti picea trabibusque obscurus acernis : 
Has ego Dardanio juveni, quum classis egeret, 
Laeta dedi ; nunc sollicitam timor anxius angit. 
Solve metus, atque hoc precibus sine posse parentem : 90 
Ne cursu quassatae ullo, neu turbine venti 
Vincantur, prosit nostris in montibus ortas." 
Filius huic contra, torquet qui sidera mundi : 
" genetrix, quo fata vocas ? aut quid petis istis ? 
Mortal ine manu factae immortale carinae 95 

Fas habeant? certusque incerta pericula lustret 
Aeneas ? Cui tanta deo permissa potestas ? 
Immo, ubi defunctae finem portusque tenebunt 
Ausonios olim, quaecumque evaserit undis 
Dardaniumque ducem Laurentia vexerit arva, 100 

Mortalem eripiam formam^ magnique jubetio 



184 VEKGILI AEME1S IX. 

Aequoris esse deas, qualis Nereia Doto 

Et Galatea secant spurn ante m pectore pontum." 

Dixerat, idque ratuni Stygii per flumina fratris, 

Per pice torrentes atraque voragine ripas 105 

Annuit, et totuni nutu tremefecit Olympurn. 

Ergo aderat promissa dies, et tempora Parcae 
Debita complerant, quum Turni injuria Matrem 
Admonuit ratibus sacris depellere taedas. 
Hie primum nova lux oculis offulsit, et ingens 110 

Visus ab Aurora caelum transcurrere nimbus, 
Idaeique chori ; turn vox horrenda per auras 
Excidit et Troum Rutulorumque agmina complet : 
" Ne trepidate meas, Teucri, defendere naves, 
Neve armate manus ; maria ante exurere Turno, 115 
Quam sacras dabitur pinus. Yos ite solutae, 
Ite deae pelagi ; genetrix jubet." Et sua quaeque 
Continuo puppes abrumpunt vincula ripis, 
Delphinumque modo demersis aequora rostris 
Ima petunt ; hinc virgineae (mirabile monstrum !) 120 
Reddunt se totidem facies, pontoque feruntur 
[Quot prius aeratae steterant ad litora prorae]. 

Obstupuere animis Rutuli ; conterritus ipse 
Turbatis Messapus equis ; cunctatur et amnis 
Rauqa sonans, revocatque peclem Tiberinus ab alto. 125 
At non audaci Turno fiducia cessit ; 
Ultro animos tollit dictis, atque increpat ultro : 
" Trojanos haec monstra petunt, his Jupiter ipse 
Auxilium solitum eripuit ; non tela neque ignes 
Exspectant Rutulos. Ergo maria in via Teucris, 130 
Nee spes ulla fugae : rerum pars altera adempta est. 
Terra autem in nostris manibus: tot milia, gentes 
Anna ferunt Italae. Nil me fatalia terrent, 
Si qua Phryges prae se jactant, responsa deorum : 
Sat fatis Yenerique datum, tetigere quod arva 135 

Fertilis Ausoniae Troes. Sunt et mea contra 
Fata niihi, ferro sceleratam exscindere gentem, 
Conjuge prae~epta ; nee solos tangit Atridas 



VERGILI AENETS IX. 185 

Iste dolor, solisque licet capere arma Mycenis. 
'Sed periisse semel satis est:' peccare fuisset 140 

Ante satis, penitus modo non genus omne perosos 
Femineum. Quibus haec medii fiducia valli 
Fossarumque morae, leti discrimina parva, 
Dant animos. At non viderunt moenia Trojae 
Neptuni fabricata manu considere in ignes ? 145 

Sed vos, o lecti, ferro quis scindere vallum 
Apparat, et mecum invadit trepidantia castra ? 
Non armis mihi Yuleani, non mille carinis 
Est opus in Teucros. Addant se protinus omnes 
Etrusci socios. Tenebras et inertia furta 150 

[Palladii, caesis summae custodibus arcis,] 
Ne timeant ; nee equi caeca condemur in alvo : 
Luce, palam, certum est igni circumdare muros. 
Haud sibi cum Danais rem faxo et pube Pelasga 
Esse ferant, decimum quos distulit Hector in annum. 155 
Nunc adeo, melior quoniam pars acta diei, 
Quod superest, laeti bene gestis corpora rebus 
Procurate, viri, et pugnam sperate parari." 
Interea vigilum excubiis obsidere portas 
Cura datur Messapo, et moenia cingere flammis. 160 
Bis septem Rutuli, muros qui milite servent, 
Delecti ; ast illos centeni quemque sequuntur 
Purpurei cristis juvenes auroque corusci. 
Discurrunt, variantque vices, fusique per herbam 
Indulgent vino, et vertunt crateras aenos. 165 

Collucent ignes ; noctem custodia ducit 
Insomnem ludo. 

Haec super e vallo prospectant Troes, et armis 
Alta tenent ; nee non trepidi formidine portas 
Explorant, pontesque et propugnacula jungunt, 170 
Tela gerunt. Instant Mnestheus acerque Serestus, 
Quos pater Aeneas, si quando adversa vocarent, 
Restores juvenum et rerum dedit esse magistros. 
Omnis per muros legio, sortita periclum, 
Exciibat exercetque vices, quod cuique tuendum est. 175 



186 VERGILI AENEIS IX. 

Nisus era! portae custos, acerrimus armis. 
Hyrtacides, comitem Aeneae quern miserat Ida 
Venatrix, jaculo celerem levibusque sagittis ; 
Et juxta comes Euryalus, quo pulchrior alter 
Non fuit Aeneaduni, Trojana neque induit arma, 18C 
Ora puer prima signans intonsa juventa. 
His amor unus erat, pariterque in bella ruebant ; 
Turn quoque communi portam statione tenebant. 
Nisus ait : " Dine hunc ardorem mentibus addunt, 
Euryale, an sua cuique deus fit dira cupido ? 185 

Aut pugnam aut aliquid jam dudum invadere magnum 
Mens agitat mihi, nee placida contenta quiete est. 
Cernis, quae Rutuios habeat fiducia rerum: 
Lumina rara micant ; somno vinoque soluti 
Procubuere; silent late loca. Percipe porro, 190 

Quid dubitem, et quae nunc animo sententia surgat. 
Aenean acciri omnes, populusque patresque, 
Exposcunt, mittique viros, qui certa reportent. 
Si, tibi quae posco, promittunt (nam mihi facti 
Fama sat est), tumulo videor reperire sub illo 195 

Posse viam ad muros et moenia Pallantea." 
Obstupuit magno laudum percussus amore 
Euryalus ; simul his ardentem affatur amicuxn : 
" Mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, 
Nise, fugis ? Solum te in tanta pericula mittam ? 200 
Non ita me genitor, bellis assuetus Opheltes, 
Argolicum terrorem inter Trojaeque labores 
Sublatum erudiit, nee tecum talia gessi, 
Magnanimum Aenean et fata extrema secutus : 
Est hie, est animus lucis contemptor, et istum 205 

Qui vita bene credat emi, quo tendis, honorem." 
Nisus ad haec : " Equidem de te nil tale verebar ; 
Nee fas ; non : ita me referat tibi magnus ovantem 
Jupiter, aut quicumque oculis haec aspicit aequis. 
Sed si quis (quae multa vides discrimine tali) 210 

Si quis in adversum rapiat casusve deusve, 9 

Te superesse velim ; tua vita dignior aetas. 
Sit, qui me rap turn pugna pretiove redemptum 
Mandet humo ; solita aut si qua id Fortuna vetabit, 



VERGILI AEXEIS IX. 187 

Absenti ferat inferias decoretque sepulchre 215 

Neu matri miserae tanti sim causa doloris, 

Quae te sola, puer, multis e matribus ausa, 

Persequitur, magni nee moenia curat Acestae." 

Hie auteru "Causas nequidquarn nectis inanes, 

Nee mea jam inutata loco sententia cedit: 220 

Acceleremus ! " ait ; vigiles siniul excitat. 1111 

Succedunt servantque vices ; statione relicta 

Ipse comes Niso graditur, regemque requirunt. 

Cetera per terras omnes animalia somno 
Laxabant curas et corda oblita laborum ; 225 

Ductores Teucrum primi et delecta juventus 
Consilium summis regni de rebus habebant, 
Quid facerent, quisve Aeneae jam nuntius esset: 
Stant longis annixi hastis et scuta tenentes 
Castrorum et campi medio. Turn Nisus'et una 230 
Euryalus confestim alacres admittier orant : 
Rem magnam, pretiumque morae fore. Primus lulus 
Accepit trepidos, ac Nisum dicere jussit. 
Turn sic Hyrtacides : " Audite o mentibus aequis, 
Aeneadae, neve haec nostris spectentur ab annis 235 
Quae ferimus. Rutuli somno vinoque soluti 
Conticuere ; locum insidiis conspeximus ipsi, 
Qui patet in bivio portae, quae proxima ponto ; 
Interrupti ignes, aterque ad sidera fumus 
Erigitur : si fortuna permittitis uti, 240 

Quaesitum Aenean et moenia Pallantea, 
Mox hie cum spoliis, ingenti caede peracta, 
Affore cernetis. Nee nos via fallit euntes : 
Vidimus obscuris primam sub vallibus urbem 
Venatu assiduo et totum cognovimus ainnem." 245 
Hie annis gravis atque animi maturus Aletes : 
" Di patrii, quorum semper sub numine Troja est, 
Non tamen omnino Teucros delere paratis, 
Quum tales animos juvenum et tarn certa tulistis 249 
Pectora." (Sic memorans, humeros dextrasque tenebat 
Amborum, et vultum lacrimis atque ora rigabat.) 251 
u Quae vobis, quae digna, viri, pro laudibus istis 



188 VERGILI AENEIS IX. 

Praemia posse rear solvi ? Pulcherrima primum 
Di moresque dabunt vestri ; turn cetera reddet 
Actutum pius Aeneas, atque integer aevi 255 

Ascanius, meriti tanti non immemor umquam."... 
" Iramo ego vos, cui sola salus genitore reducto," 
Excipit Ascanius, "per magnos, Nise, Penates 
Assaracique Larem et canae penetralia Yestae 
Obtestor ; quaecumque mihi fortuna fidesque est, 260 
In vestris pono gremiis : revocate parentem, 
Reddite conspectum ; nihil illo triste recepto. 
Bina dabo argento perfecta atque aspera signis 
Pocula, devicta genitor quae cepit Arisba, 
Et tripodas geminos, auri duo magna talenta, 265 

Cratera antiquum, quern dat Sidonia Dido. 
Si vero capere Italiam sceptrisque potiri 
Contigerit vict # ori, et praedae dicere sortem : 
Yidisti, quo Turnus equo, quibus ibat in armis 
Aureus : ipsum ilium, clipeum cristasque rubentes 210 
Excipiam sorti, jam nunc tua praemia, Nise. 
Praeterea bis sex genitor lectissima matrum 
Corpora captivosque dabit, suaque omnibus arma ; 
Insuper his, campi quod rex habet ipse Latinus. 
Te vero, mea quern spatiis propioribus aetas 2T5 

Insequitur, venerande puer, jam pectore toto 
Accipio et comitem casus complector in omnes. 
Nulla meis sine te quaeretur gloria rebus ; 
Seu pacem seu bella geram, tibi maxima rerum 
Yerborumque fides." Contra quern talia fatur 280 

Euryalus : " Me nulla dies tarn fortibus ausis 
Dissimilem arguerit ; tantum : fortuna secunda 
Aut adversa cadat. Sed te super omnia dona 
Ununi oro: genetrix Priami de gente vetusta 
Est mihi, quam miseram tenuit non Ilia tellus 285 

Mecum excedentem, non moenia regis Acestae : 
Hanc ego nunc ignaram hujus quodcumque pericli est 
Inque salutatam linquo : Nox et tua testis 
Dextera, quod nequeam lacrimas perferre parentis ; 
At tu, oro ; solare inopem, et succurre relictae. 290 

Hanc sine me spem ferre tui : audentior ibo 



VERGILI AENEIS IX. 189 

In casus ornnes," Percussa mente dedere 
Dardanidae lacrimas ; ante onines pulcher lulus, 
Atque animum patriae strinxit pietatis imago. 
Turn sic effatur : 295 

" Sponde digna tuis ingentibus omnia coeptis : 
Namque erit ista mihi genetrix, nomenque Creusae 
Solum defuerit, nee partum gratia talem 
Parva manet. Casus factum quicumque sequentur. 
Per caput hoc juro, per quod pater ante solebat ; 300 
Quae tibi poliiceor reduci rebusque secundis, 
Haec eadem matrique tuae generique manebunt." 
Sic ait illacrimans ; humero simul exuit ensem 
Auratum, mira quem fecerat arte Lycaon 
Gnosius atque habilem vagina aptarat eburna. 305 

Dat Niso Mnestheus pellem horrentisque leonis 
Exuvias ; galeam fidus permutat Aletes. 
Protinus armati incedunt ; quos omnis euntes 
Primorum maims ad portas, juvenumque senumque, 
Prosequitur votis. Nee non et pulcher lulus, 310 

Ante annos animumque gerens curamque virilem, 
Multa patri mandata dabat portanda. Sed aurae 
Omnia discerpunt et nubibus irrita donant. 

Egressi superant fossas, noctisque per umbram 
Castra inimica petunt, multis tamen ante futuri 315 
Exitio. Passim somno vinoque per herbam 
Corpora fusa vident, arrectos litore currus, 
Inter lora rotasque viros, simul arma jacere, 
Vina simul. Prior Hyrtacides sic ore locutus : 
" Euryale, audendum dextra : nunc ipsa vocat res. 320 
Hac iter est. Tu, ne qua manus se attollere nobis 
A tergo possit, custodi et consule longe ; 
Haec ego vasta dabo, et lato te limite ducam." 
Sic memorat, vocemque premit ; simul ense superbum 
Rhamnetem aggreditur, qui forte tapetibus altis 325 
Exstructus toto proflabat pectore somnum, 
Rex idem et regi Turno gratissimus augur ; 
Sed non augurio potuit depellere pestem. 
Tres juxta famulos, temere inter tela jacentes, 



190 VERGILI AEXEIS IX. 

Arinigerumque Remi premit aurigamque, sub ipsis 330 

N actus equis, ferroque secat pendentia colla. 

Turn caput ipsi aufert domino, truncumque relinquit 

Sanguine singultantem ; atro tepefacta cruore 

Terra torique madent. Nee non Lamyrumque La- 

muraque, 
Et juvenem Serranum, ilia qui plurima nocte 335 

Luserat, insignis facie, multoque jacebat 
Membra deo victus : felix, si protinus ilium 
Aequasset nocti ludum in lucemque tulisset. 
Impastus ceu plena leo per ovilia turbans 
(Suadet enim vesana fames) manditque trahitque 340 
Molle pecus mutumque metu, fremit ore cruento. 
Nee minor Euryali caedes ; incensus et ipse 
Perfurit, ac multam in medio sine nomine plebem, 
Fadumque Herbesumque subit Rhoetumque Abarimque, 
Ignaros, Rhoetum vigilantem et cuncta videntem, 345 
Sed magnum metuens se post cratera tegebat; 
Pectore in adverso totum cui comminus ensem 
Condidit assurgenti, et multa morte recepit. 
Purpuream vomit ille animam, et cum sanguine mixta 
Vina refert moriens. Hie furto fervidus instat ; 350 
Jamque ad Messapi socios tendebat ; ibi ignem 
Deficere extremum et religatos rite videbat 
Carpere gramen equos : breviter quum tali a Nisus 
(Sensit enim nimia caede atque cupidine ferri) 
" Absistamus " ait, " nam lux inimica propinquat. 355 
Poenarum exhaustum satis est, via facta per hostes." 
Multa vimm solido argento perfecta relinquunt 
Armaque, craterasque-simul, pulchrosque tapetas. 
Euryalus pbaleras Rhamnetis et aurea bullis 
Cingula, Tiburti Remulo ditissimus olim 360 

Quae mittit dona hospitio, quum jungeret absens, 
Caedicus, ille suo moriens dat habere nepoti, 
Post mortem bello Rutuli pugnaque potiti, 
Haec rapit, atque humeris nequidquam fortibus aptat ; 
Turn gal earn Messapi habilem cristisque decoram 365 
Induit. Excedunt castris, et tuta capessunt. 



VERGILI AENEIS IX. 191 

Intcrea praeniissi equites ex urbe Latina, 
Cetera dum legio campis instructa moratur, 
Ibant et Turno regi responsa ferebant, 
Tercentum, scutati o nines, Yolscente niagistro : 370 
Jam que propinquabant castris muroque subibant, 
Quuin procul hos laevo flectentes limite cernunt, 
Et galea Euryalum sublustri noctis in umbra 
Prodidit immemorem radiisque ad versa refulsit. 
Haud temere est visum : conclamat ab agmine Yolscens : 
" State, viri ! Quae causa viae ? quive estisin armis? 376 
Quove tenetis iter ? " Nihil illi tendere contra, 
Sed celerare fugam in silvas et Mere nocti. 
Objiciunt equites sese ad divortia nota 
Hinc atque hinc, omnemque abitum custode coronant. 380 
Silva fuit, late dumis atque ilice nigra 
Horrida, quam densi complerant undique sentes; 
Rara per occultos lucebat semita calles. 
Euryalum tenebrae ramorum onerosaque praeda 
Impediunt, fallitque timor regione viarum ; 385 

Nisus abit ; jamque imprudens evaserat hostes 
Atque locos, qui post Albae de nomine dicti 
Albani, turn rex stabula alta Latinus habebat ; 
Ut stetit, et frustra absentem respexit amicum : 
" Euryale infelix, qua te regione reliqui? 390 

Quave sequar, rursus perplexum iter omne revolvens 
Fallacis silvae ? n Simul et vestigia retro 
Observata legit, dumisque silentibus errat. 
Audit equos, audit strepitus et signa sequentum. 
Nee longum in medio tempus, quum clamor ad aures 395 
Pervenit, ac videt Euryalum, quern jam manus omnis 
Fraude loci et noctis, subito turbante tumultu, 
Oppressum rapit et conantem plurima frustra. 
Quid faciat ? qua vi juvenem, quibus audeat armis 
Eripere ? an sese medios moriturus in hostes 400 

Inferat, et pulchram properet per vulnera mortem ? 
Ocius adducto torquens hastile lacerto, 
Suspiciens altum, Lunam sic voce precatur : 
" Tu, dea, tu pracsens nostro succurre labori, 
Astrorum decus et nemorum Latonia custos ! 405 



192 VERGILI AENEIS IX. 

Si qua tuis umquam pro me pater Hyrtacus aris 
Dona tulit, si qua ipse meis venatibus auxi, 
Suspendive tholo, aut sacra ad fastigia fixi ; 
Hunc sine me turbare globum, et rege tela per auras I " 
Dixerat, et toto connixus corpore ferrum 410 

Conjicit. Hasta volans noctis diverberat umbras, 
Et venit aversi in tergum Sulmonis, ibique 
Frangitur, ac fisso transit praecordia ligno. 
Volvitur ille vomens calidum de pectore flumen 
Frigidus, et longis singultibus ilia pulsat. 415 

Diversi circumspiciunt : hoc acrior idem 
Ecce aliud summa telum librabat ab aure. 
Dum trepidant, it basta Tago per tempus utrumque, 
Stridens, trajectoque haesit tepefacta cerebro. 
Saevit atrox Yoiscens, nee teli conspicit usquam 420 
Auctorem, nee quo se ardens immittere possit. 
" Tu tamen interea calido mihi sanguine poenas 
Persolves amborum," inquit ; simul ense recluso 
Ibat in Euryalum. Turn vero exterritus, aniens, 
Conclamat Nisus : nee se celare tenebris 425 

Amplius, aut tantum potuit perferre dolorem : 
" Me, me ! adsum qui feci, in me convertite ferrum, 
O Rutuli I mea fraus omnis ; nihil iste nee ausus, 
Nee potuit ; caelum hoc et conscia sidera testor ; 
Tantum infelicem nimium dilexit amicum." 430 

Talia dicta dabat; sed viribus ensis adactus 
Transabiit costas, et Candida pectora rumpit. 
Volvitur Euryalus leto, pulchrosque per artus 
It cruor, inque humeros cervix collapsa recumbit : 
Purpureus veluti quum flos, succisus aratro, 435 

Languescit moriens, lassove papavera collo 
Demisere caput, pluvia quum forte gravantur. 
At Nisus ruit in medios, solumque per omnes 
Volscentem petit, in solo Yolscente moratur. 
Quern circum glomerati hostes hinc comminus atque hinc 
Proturbant. Instat non secius, ac rotat ensem 441 
Fulmineum, donee Rutuli clamantis in ore 
Condidit adverso, et moriens animam abstulit hosti. 
Turn super exanimum sese projecit amicum 
Confossus, placidaque ibi demum morte quievit. 445 



YERGILI AENEIS IX. 193 

» 

Forturiati ambo ! si quid mea carmina possunt, 
Nulla dies umquam memori vos eximet aevo, 
Dum domus Aeneae Capitoli immobile saxum 
Accolet, imperiumque pater Ronianus habebit. 

Yictores praeda Rutuli spoliisque potiti, 450 

Yolscentem exanimum flentes in castra ferebant. 
Nee minor in castris luctus, Rhamnete reperto 
Exsangui, et primis una tot caede peremptis, 
Serranoque Numaque : ingens concursus ad ipsa 
Corpora seminecesque viros, tepidaque recentem 455 
Caede locum et plenos spumanti sanguine rivos. 
Agnoscunt spolia inter se galeamque nitentem 
Messapi, et multo phaleras sudore receptas. 

Et jam prima novo spargebat lumine terras 
Tithoni croceum linquens Aurora cubile : 460 

Jam sole infuso, jam rebus luce retectis, 
Turnus in arma viros, armis circumdatus ipse, 
Suscitat, aeratasque aeies in proelia cogit 
Quisque suas, variisque acuunt rumoribus iras. 
Quin ipsa arrectis (visu miserabile !) in hastis 465 

Praefigunt capita et multo clamore sequuntur 
Euryali et Nisi. 

Aeneadae duri murorum in parte sinistra 
Opposuere aciem, (nam dextera cingitur amni ; ) 
Ingentesque tenent fossas, et turribus altis 4T0 

Stant maesti ; simul ora viriim praefixa movebant, 
Nota nimis miseris atroque nuentia tabo. 

Interea pavidam volitans pennata per urbem 
Nuntia Fama ruit, matrisque allabitur aures 
Euryali. At subitus miserae calor ossa reliquit ; 475 
Excussi manibus radii, revolutaque pensa. 
Evolat infelix, et femineo ululatu, 
Scissa comam, muros amens atque agmina cursu 
Prima petit, non ilia virum, non ilia pericli 
Telorumque memor ; caelum dehinc questibus implet : 480 
" Hunc ego te, Euryale, aspicio ? tune ille senectae 
13 Vir. 



194 VERGILI AENEIS IX. 

Sera meae requies, potuisti linquere solam, 

Crudelis ? nee te, sub tanta perieula missuin, 

Affari extremum miserae data copia matri ? 

Heu, terra ignota canibus data praeda Latinis 485 

Alitibusque jaces! nee te, tua funera, mater 

Produxi, pressive oculos, aut vulnera lavi, 

Veste tegens, tibi quam noctes festina diesque 

Urgebam et tela curas solabar aniles. 

Quo sequar ? aut quae nunc artus avulsaque membra 490 

Et funus lacerum tellus habet ? Hoc rnihi de te, 

Nate, refers ? hoc sum terraque marique secuta ? 

Figite me, si qua est pietas ; in me omnia tela 

Conjicite, o Rutuli ; me primam absumite ferro ; 

Aut tu, magne pater diviim, miserere, tuoque 495 

Invisum hoc detrude caput sub Tartara telo, 

Quando aliter nequeo erudelem abrumpere vitam." 

Hoc fletu concussi animi, maestusque per omnes 

It gemitus ; torpent infractae ad proelia vires. 

Illam incendentem luctus Idaeus et Actor, 500 

Ilionei monitu et multum lacrimantis Iuli, 

Corripiunt, interque manus sub tecta reponunt. 

At tuba terribilem sonitum procul aere canoro 
Increpuit ; sequitur clamor, caelum que remugit. 
Accelerant acta pariter testudine Yolsci, 505 

Et fossas implere parant ac vellere vallum. 
Quaerunt pars aditum, et scalis ascendere muros, 
Qua rara est acies, interlucetque corona 
Non tarn spissa viris. Telorum effundere contra 
Omne genus Teucri ac duris detrudere contis, 510 

Assueti longo muros defendere bello. 
Saxa quoque infesto volvebant pondere, si qua 
Possent tectam aciem perrumpere ; quum tamen omnes 
Ferre juvat subter densa testudine casus. 
Nee jam sufficiunt : nam, qua globus imminet ingens 515 
Immanem Teucri molem volvuntque ruuntque, 
Quae stravit Rutulos late, armorumque resolvit 
Tegmina. Nee curant caeco contendere Marte 
Amplius audaces Rutuli, sed pellere ^allo 



VEKGILI AE^EIS IX. 195 

Missilibas certant. 520 

Parte alia horrendus visu quassabat Etruscam 
Pinuni, et fumiferos infert Mezentius igues ; 
At Messapus, equiim domitor, Neptunia proles, 
Rescindit vallum et scalas in moenia poscit. 

Yos, o Calliope; precor, adspirate canenti, 525 

Quas ibi turn ferro strages, quae funera Turnus 
Ediderit, quern quisque viriim demiserit Oreo ; 
Et mecum ingentes oras evolvite belli : 
[Et meministis enim, divae, et memorare potestis. ] 

Turris erat vasto suspectu et pontibus altis, 530 

Opportuna loco ; summis quam viribus omnes 
Expugnare Itali sumniaque evertere opum vi 
Certabant, Troes contra defendere saxis 
Perque cavas densi tela intorquere fenestras. 
Princeps ardentem conjecit lampada Turnus, 535 

Et flammam affixit lateri, quae plurima vento 
Corripuit tabu! as et postibus haesit adesis. 
Turbati trepidare intus, frus.traque malorum 
Velle fugam. Dum se glomerant, retroque residunt 
In partem, quae peste caret, turn pondere turris 540 
Procubuit subito, et caelum tonat omne fragore. 
Semineces ad terram, immani mole secuta, 
Confixique suis telis, et pectora duro 
Transfossi ligno, veniunt. Vix unus Helenor 
Et Ljcus elapsi: quorum primaevus Helenor, 545 

Maeonio regi quern serva Licymnia furtim 
Sustulerat, vetitisque ad Trojam miserat armis, 
Ense levis nudo, parmaque inglorius alba. 
Isque ubi se Turni media inter milia vidit, 
Hinc acies, atque bine acies adstare Latinas : 550 

Ut fera, quae, densa venantum septa corona, 
Contra tela furit, seseque baud nescia morti 
Injicit et saltu supra venabula fertur, 
Haud aliter juvenis medios moriturus in hostes 
Irruit, et, qua tela videt densissima, tendit. 555 

At pedibus longe melior Lycus inter et hostes 



196 VERGILI AENEIS IX. 

Inter et arraa fuga muros tenet, altaque eertat 
Prendere tecta manu, sociumque attingere dextras. 
Quem Turnus, pariter cursu teloque secutus, 
Increpat bis victor: " Nostrasne evadere, demens, 560 
Sperasti te posse manus ? " simul arripit ipsum 
Pendentem, et magna muri cum parte revellit: 
Qualis ubi aut leporem aut candenti corpore cycnum 
Sustulit alta petens pedibus Jo vis armiger uncis, 
Quaesitum aut matri multis balatibus agnum 565 

Martius a stabulis rapuit lupus. Undique clamor 
Tollitur: invadunt et fossas aggere complent; 
Ardentes taedas alii ad fastigia jactant. 
Ilioneus saxo atque ingenti fragmine montis 
Lucetium, portae subeuntem ignesque ferentem, 570 
Emathiona Liger, Corynaeum sternit Asilas, 
Hie jaculo bonus, bic longe fallente sagitta ; 
Ortygium Caeneus, victorem Caenea Turnus, 
Turnus Ityn Cloniumque, Dioxippum Promolumque, 
Et Sagarim et summis stantem pro turribus Idan ; 575 
Privernum Capys. Hunc primo levis hasta Tbemillae 
Strinxerat ; ille manum projecto tegmine deniens 
Ad vulnus tulit ; ergo alis allapsa sagitta 
Et laevo infixa est lateri manus, abditaque intus 
Spiramenta animae letali vulnere rupit. 580 

Stabat in egregiis Arcentis Alius armis, 
Pictus acu chlamydem et ferrugine clarus Hibera, 
Insignis facie, genitor quem miserat Arcens, 
Eductum Matri s luco Symaetbia circum 
Flumina, pinguis ubi et placabilis ara Palici : 585 

Stridentem fundam positis Mezentius hastis 
Ipse ter adducta circum caput egit habena, 
Et media adversi liquefacto tempora plumbo 
Diffidit, ac multa porrectum extendit arena. 

Turn primum bello celerem intendisse sagittam 590 
Dicitur, ante feras solitus terrere fugaces, 
Ascanius, fortemque manu fudisse Numanum, 
Cui Remulo cognomen erat, Turnique minorem 
Ge^rmanam nuper tbalamo sociatus habebat. 



VERGILI AENEIS IX. 197 

Ts primarn ante aciem digna atque indigna relatu 595 

Yociferans, tumidusque novo praecordia regno 

Ibat et ingentem sese clamore ferebat : 

11 Non pudet obsidione iterum valloque teneri, 

Bis capti Phryges, et morti praetendere muros ? 

En, qui nostra sibi bello connubia poscunt ! 600 

Quis deus Italiam, quae vos dementia adegit? 

Non hie Atridae, nee fandi fictor Ulixes. 

Durum a stirpe genus natos ad flumina primum 

Deferimus, saevoque gelu duramus et undis ; 

Venatu in vigilant pueri, silvasque fatigant; 605 

Flectere ludus equos et spieula tendere cornu ; 

At patiens operum parvoque assueta juventus 

Aut rastris terram domat, aut quatit oppida bello. 

Omne aevum ferro teritur, versaque juvenciim 

Terga fatigamus hasta ; nee tarda senectus 610 

Debilitat vires animi mutatque vigorem : 

Canitiem galea premiums ; semperque recentes 

Comportare juvat praedas et vivere rapto. 

Yobis picta croco et fulgenti murice vestis, 

Desidiae cordi ; juvat indulgere choreis ; 615 

Et tunicae manicas, et habent redimicula mitrae. 

O vere Phrygiae, neque enim Phryges, ite per alta 

Dindyma, ubi assuetis biforem dat tibia cantum. 

Tympana vos buxusque vocat Berecyntia Matris 

Idaeae: sinite arma viris ; et cedite ferro!" 620 

Talia jactantem dictis ac dira canentem 
Non tulit Ascanius, nervoque obversus equino 
Intendit telum, diversaque brachia ducens 
Constitit, ante Jovem supplex per vota precatus : 
^Jupiter omnipotens, audaeibus annue coeptis: 625 
Ipse tibi ad tua templa feram sollemnia dona, 
Et statuam ante aras aurata fronte juvencum, 
Candentem, pariterque caput cum matre ferentem, 
Jam cornu petat et pedibus qui spargat arenam." 
Audiit et caeli genitor de parte serena 630 

Intonuit laevum ; sonat una fatifer arcus. 
Effugit horrendum stridens adducta sagitta, 



198 VEBGILI AENEIS IX. 

Perque caput Eemuli venit et cava tempora ferro 

Trajieit. " I, verbis virtutem illude superbis ! 

Bis cap ti Phryges haec Rutulisresponsareinittunt: " 635 

Hoc tantum Ascanius. Teacri clamore sequuntur, 

Laetitiaque fremunt, animosque ad sidera tollunt. 

Aetheria turn forte plaga crinitus Apollo 

Desuper Ausonias acies urbemque videbat, 

Nube sedens, atque his victorem affatur Iulum : 640 

" Macte nova virtute, puer : sic itur ad astra, 

Dis genite et geniture deos. Jure omnia bella 

Gente sub Assaraci fato ventura resident ; 

Nee te Troja capit." Siinul haec effatus ab alto 

Aethere se mittit, spirantes dimovet auras, 645 

Ascaniumque petit. Forma turn vertitur oris 

Antiquum in Buten : hie Dardanio Anchisae 

Armiger ante fuit fidusque ad limina custos, 

Turn comitem Ascanio pater addidit. Ibat Apollo 

Omnia longaevo similis, vocemque coloremque 65 C 

Et crines albos et saeva sonoribus arma ; 

Atque his ardentem dictis affatur Iulum : 

u Sit satis, Aenide, telis impune Numanum 

Oppetiisse tuis ; primam hanc tibi magnus Apollo 

Concedit laudem, et paribus non invidet armis : 655 

Cetera parce, puer, bello." Sic orsus Apollo 

Mortales medio aspectus sermone reliquit, 

Et procul in tenuem ex oculis evanuit auram. 

Agnovere deum proceres divinaque tela 

Dardanidae, pharetramque fuga sensere sonantem. 660 

Ergo avidum pugnae dictis ac numine Phoebi 

Ascanium prohibent, ipsi in certamina rursus 

Succedunt animasque in aperta pericula mittunt. 

It clamor totis per propugnacula muris ; 

Intendunt acres arcus, amentaque torquent. 665 

Sternitur omne solum telis ; turn scuta cavaeque 

Dant sonitum flictu galeae : pugna aspera surgit : 

Quantus ab occasu veniens pluvialibus Haedis 

Yerberat imber humum ; quam multa grandine nimbi 

In vada praecipitant, quum Jupiter horridus Austris 6T0 

-Torquet aquosam hiemem et caelo cava nubila rumpit. 



VERGILI AENEIS IX. 199 

Pandarus et Bitias, Idaeo Alcanore creti, 
Quos Jovis eduxit luco silvestris Iaera, 
Abietibus juvenes patriis et montibus aequos, 
Portam, quae ducis imperio commissa, recludunt, 675 
Freti armis, ultroque invitant moenibus hostem. 
Ipsi intus dextra ac laeva pro turribus adstant, 
Armati ferro et cristis capita alta corusci, 
Quales aeriae liquentia fluniina circum, 
Sive Padi ripis, Athesim seu propter amoenum, 680 
Consurgunt geminae quercus, intonsaque caelo 
Attollunt capita et sublirui vertice nutant. 
Irrurnpunt, aditus Rutuli ut videre patentes, 
Continuo Quercens et pulcher Aquicolus armis 
Et praeceps anirni Tmarus et Mavortius Haemon 685 
Agminibus totis : at versi terga dedere, 
Aut ipso portae posuere in limine vitam. 
Turn magis increscunt animis discordibus irae ; 
Et jam collecti Troes glomerantur eodem, 
Et conferre manum et procurrere longius audent. 690 

Ductori Turno, diversa in parte furenti 
Turbantique viros, perfertur nuntius, hostem 
Fervere caede nova, et portas praebere patentes. 
Deserit inceptum, atque immani concitus ira 
Dardaniam ruit ad portam fratresque superbos. 695 
Et primum Antiphaten, is enim se primus agebat, 
Thebana de matre nothum Sarpedonis alti, 
Conjecto sternit jaculo ; volat Itala cornus 
Aera per tenerum, stomach oque infixa sub altum 
Pectus abit ; reddit specus atri vulneris undam TOO 
Spumantem, et fixo ferrum in pulmone tepescit. 
Turn Meropem atque Erymanta manu, turn sternit 

Aphidnum ; 
Turn Bitian ardentem oculis animisque frementem, 
Non jaculo, (neque enim jaculo vitam ille dedisset,) 
Sed magnum stridens contorta phalarica venit, 705 

Fulminis acta modo, quam nee duo taurea terga, 
Nee duplici squama lorica fidelis et auro 
Sustinuit : collapsa ruunt immania membra. 



200 VERGILI AENEIS IX. 

Dat tellus gemitum, et clipeum super intonat iagetis. 
Talis in Eaboico Baiarum litore quondam 110 

Saxea pila eadit, magnis quam molibus ante 
Constructam ponto jaciunt ; sic ilia ruinam 
Prona trahit, penitusque vadis illisa reeumbit ; 
Miscent se maria, et nigrae attolluntur arenae ; 
Turn sonitu Prochyta alta tremit, durumque cubile 715 
Inarime Jovis imperiis imposta Typhoeo. 

Hie Mars armipotens animum viresque Latinis 
Addidit, et stimulos acres sub pectore vertit, 
Immisitque Fugam Teucris atrumque Timorem. 
Undique conveniunt, quoniam data copia pugnae, 720 
Bellatorque animo deus incidit. 
Pandarus, ut fuso germanum corpore cernit, 
Et quo sit fortuna loco, qui casus agat res, 
Portam vi multa converso cardine torquet, 
Obnixus latis humeris, multosque suorum 725 

Moenibus exclusos duro in certamine linquit ; 
Ast alios secum includit recipitque ruentes, 
Demens ! qui Rutulum in medio non agmine regem 
Yiderit irrumpentem, ultroque incluserit urbi, 
Immanem veluti pecora inter inertia tigrim. 730 

Continuo nova lux oculis effulsit, et arma 
Horrendum sonuere ; tremunt in vertice cristae 
Sanguineae, clipeoque micantia fulmina mittit. 
Agnoscunt faciem invisam atque immania membra 
Turbati subito Aeneadae. Turn Pandarus ingens 735 
Emicat, et mortis fraternae fervidus ira 
Effatur: "Non haec dotalis regia Amatae, 
Nee muris cohibet patriis media Ardea Turnum. 
Castra inimica vides; nulla hinc exire potestas." 
Olli subridens sedato pectore Turnus : 740 

" Incipe, si qua animo virtus, et consere dextram : 
Hie etiam inventum Priamo narrabis Achillen." 
Dixerat. Ille rudem nodis et cortice crudo 
Intorquet summis adnixus viribus hastam : 
Excepere aurae ; vulnus Saturnia Juno 745 

Detorsit veniens, portaeque infigitur hasta. 






VERGILI AENEIS IX. 201 

" At non hoc telum, mea quod vi dextera versat, 

Effugies ; neque eniin is teli nee vulneris auctor." 

Sic ait ? el sublatuni alte consurgit in ensem, 

Et mediam ferro geniina inter tempora frontem 750 

Dividit impubesque inunani vulnere malas. 

Fit sonus ; ingenti concussa est pondere tellus. 

Collapsos artus atque arm a cruenta cerebro 

Sternit hurai moriens, atque illi partibus aequis 

Hue caput atque illuc humero ex utroque pependit. 755 

Diffugiunt versi trepida formidine Troes : 

Et, si continuo victorem ea cura subisset, 

Rumpere claustra manu sociosque immittere portis, 

Ultimus ille dies bello gentique fuisset. 

Sed furor ardentem caedisque insana cupido 760 

Egit in adversos. 

Principio Phalerim et succiso poplite Gygen 

Excipit ; hinc raptas fugientibus ingerit hastas 

In tergum ; Juno vires animumque ministrat. 

Addit Halym coniitem et confixa Phegea parma; 765 

Ignaros deinde in muris Martemque cientes 

Alcandrumque Haliumque Noemonaque Prytanimque. 

Lyncea tendentem contra sociosque vocantem 

Vibranti gladio connixus ab aggere dexter 

Occupat; huic uno dejectum communis ictu 770 

Cum galea longe jacuit caput. Inde ferarurn 

Vastatorem Amycum, quo non felicior alter 

Unguere tela manu ferrumque armare veneno, 

Et Clytium Aeoliden, et amicum Crethea Musis, 

Crethea Musarum comitem, cui carmina semper 775 

Et citharae cordi, numerosque intendere nervis ; 

Semper equos atque arma virum pugnasque canebat. 

Tandem ductores audita caede suorum 
Conveniunt Teucri, Mnestheus acerque Serestus ; 
Palantesque vident socios hostemque receptum. 780 
Et Mnestheus " Quo deinde fugam, quo tenditis? " inquit 
" Quos alios muros, quae jam ultra moenia habetis ? 
Unus homo, et vestris, o cives, undique septus 
Aggeribus, tantas strages impune per urbem 



202 VERGILI AENEIS IX. 

Ediderit? juvenum primos tot miserit Oreo ? 185 

Non infelicis patriae veterumque deorum 

Et magni Aeneae, segnes, miseretque pudetque? M 

Talibus accensi firmantur, et agmine denso 

Consistunt. Turnus paulatim excedere pugna, 

Et fluvium petere ac partem, quae cingitur unda. 190 

Acrins hoc Teucri clamore incumbere magno, 

Et glomerare manum : ceu saevum turba leonem 

Qaum telis premit infensis, at territus ille, 

Asper, acerba tuens, retro redit, et neque terga 

Ira dare aut virtus patitur, nee tendere contra, 795 

Ille quidem hoc cupiens, potis est per tela virosque. 

Haud aliter retro dubius vestigia Turnus 

Irnproperata refert, et mens exaestuat ira. 

Quin etiam bis turn medios invaserat hostes, 

Bis confusa fuga per muros agmina vertit ; 800 

Sed manus e castris propere coit omnis in unum ; 

Nee contra vires audet Saturnia Juno 

Sufficere ; aeriam caelo nam Jupiter Irim 

Demisit, germanae haud mollia jussa ferentem, 

Ni Turnus cedat Teucrorum moenibus altis. 805 

Ergo nee clipeo juvenis subsistere tantum, 

Nee dextra valet : injectis sic undique telis 

Obruitur. Strepit assiduo cava tempora circum 

Tinnitu galea, et saxis solida aera fatiscunt, 

Discussaeque jubae capiti, nee sufficit umbo 810 

Ictibus ; ingeminant hastis et Troes et ipse 

Eulmineus Mnestheus. Turn toto corpore sudor 

Liquitur et piceum (nee respirare potestas) 

Flumen agit ; fessos quatit aeger anhelitus artus. 

Turn demum praeceps saltu sese omnibus armis 815 

In fluvium dedit. Ille suo cum gurgite flavo 

Accepit venientem ac mollibus extulit undis, 

Et laetum sociis abluta caede remisit. 




P. VERGILI MARONIS 

A E N E I D S 

LIBER DECIMUS. 

Panditur interea domus omnipotent! s Olympi, 
Conciliurnque vocat divum pater atque hominuni rex 
Sideream in sedem, terras unde arduus omnes 
Castraque Dardanidum aspectat populosque Latinos. 
Considunt tectis bipatentibus ; incipit ipse : 5 

" Caelicolae magni, quianam sententia vobis 
Versa retro, tantumque animis certatis iniquis ? 
Abnueram bello Italiam concurrere Teucris. 
Quae contra vetitum discordia ? quis metus aut hos 
Aut hos arma sequi ferrumque lacessere suasit ? 10 
Adveniet justum pugnae, ne arcessite, tempus, 
Quum fera Carthago Romanis arcibus olim 
Exitium magnum atque Alpes immittet apertas : 
Turn certare odiis, turn res rapuisse licebit ; 
Nunc sinite, et placitum laeti componite foedus." 15 

Jupiter haec paucis ; at non Venus aurea contra 
Pauca refert : 

" O pater, o hommum rerumque aeterna potestas ! 
(Namque aliud quid sit, quod jam implorare queamus ?) 
Cernis, ut insultent Rutuli, Turnusque feratur 20 

Per medios insignis equis tumidusque secundo 
Marte ruat ? Non clausa tegunt jam moenia Teucros : 
Quin intra portas atque ipsis proelia miscent 

(203) 



204 VERGILI AENEIS X. 

Aggeribus murorum, et inundant sanguine fossas. 

Aeneas ignarus abest. Numquamne levari 25 

Obsidione sines ? Muris iterum imminet hostis 

Nascentis Trojae, nee non exercitus alter, 

Atque iterum in Teucros Aetolis surgit ab Arpis 

Tydides. Equidem credo, niea vulnera restant, 

Et tua progenies mortalia demoror arrna ! 30 

Si sine pace tua atque invito numine Troes 

Italiam petiere, luant peccata, neque illos 

Juveris auxilio ; sin tot responsa secuti, 

Quae Superi Manesque dabant : cur nunc tua quisquam 

Yertere jussa potest, aut cur nova condere fata ? 35 

Quid repetam exustas Erycino in litore classes ? 

Quid tempestatum regem ventosque furentes 

Aeolia excitos ? aut actam nubibus Irim ? 

Nunc etiam Manes (haec intentata manebat 

Sors rerum) mo vet, et superi s immissa repente 40 

Allecto medias Italiim bacchata per urbes. 

Nil super imperio moveor ; speravimus ista, 

Duni fortuna fuit ; vincant, quos vincere mavis. 

Si nulla est regio, Teucris quam det tua conjunx 

Dura, per eversae, genitor, fumantia Trojae 45 

Excidia obtestor, liceat dimittere ab armis 

Incolumem Ascanium, liceat superesse nepotem. 

Aeneas sane ignotis jactetur in undis, 

Et, quamcumque viam dederit Fortuna, sequatur ; 

Hunc tegere et dirae valeam subducere pugnae. 50 

Est Amathus, est celsa mihi Paphus atque Cythera, 

Idaliaeque domus: positis inglorius armis 

Exigat hie aevum. Magna dicione jubeto 

Carthago premat Ausoniam ; nihil urbibus inde 

Obstabit Tyriis. Quid pestem evadere belli 55 

Juvit et Argolicos medium fugisse per ignes, 

Totque maris vastaeque exhausta pericula terrae, 

Dum Latium Teucri recidivaque Pergama quaerunt ? 

Non satius, cineres patriae insedisse supremos 

Atque solum, quo Troja fuit ? Xanthum et Simoenta 60 

Redde, oro, miseris, iterumque revolvere casus 

Da, pater, Iliacos Teucris." Turn regia Juno, 



VERGILI AENEIS X. 205 

Acta furore gravi : " Quid me alta silentia eogis 
Runipere, et obductuni verbis vulgare dolorem? 
Aenean hominum quisquam divumque subegit 65 

Bella sequi, aut hostem regi se inferre Latino ? 
Italiam petiit fatis auctoribus ; esto ; 
Cassandrae impulsus furiis : num linquere castra 
Hortati sumus, aut vitam committere ventis ? 
Num puero summam belli, num credere muros? 70 

Tyrrhenamque fidem aut gentes agitare quietas ? 
Quis deus in fraudern, quae dura potentia nostra 
Egit ? ubi hie Juno demissave nubibus Iris ? 
Indignum est, Italos Trojam circumdare flammis 
Nascentem, et patria Turnum consistere terra, 15 

Cui Pilumnus avus, cui diva Yenilia mater : 
Quid, face Trojanos atra vim ferre Latinis, 
Arva aliena jugo premere atque avertere praedas ? 
Quid, soceros legere et gremiis abducere pactas ; 
Pacem orare manu, praefigere puppibus arma ? 80 

Tu potes Aenean manibus subducere Graium, 
Proque viro nebulam et ventos obtendere inanes, 
Et potes in totidem classem convertere nymph as ; 
Nos aliquid Rutulos contra juvisse, nefandum est ? 
* Aeneas ignarus abest : ' ignarus et absit : 85 

Est Paphus Idaliumque tibi, sunt alta Cythera: 
Quid gravidam bellis urbem et cord a aspera tentas ? 
Nosne tibi fluxas Phrygiae res vertere fundo 
Conamur? nos ? an miseros qui Troas Achivis 
Objecit? Quae causa fuit, consurgere in arma 90 

Europamque Asiamque et foedera solvere furto ? 
Me duce Dardanius Spartam expugnavit adulter, 
At ego tela dedi, fovive Cupidine bella ? 
Turn decuit metuisse tuis ; nunc sera querelis 
Haud justis assurgis, et irrita jurgia jactas." 95 

Talibus orabat Juno, cunctique fremebant 
Caelicolae assensu vario : ceu flamina prima ■ 
Quum deprensa fremunt silvis, et caeca volutant 
Murmura, venturos nautis prodentia ventos. 
Turn pater omnipotens, rerum cui prima potestas, 100 



206 VERGILI AENEIS X. 

Infit : (eo dicente deiini domus alta silescit, 

Et tremefacta solo tellus, silet arduus aether, 

Tum Zephyri posuere, premit placida aequora pontus :) 

" Accipite ergo animis atque haec niea figite dicta. 

Quandoquideni Ausonios conjungi foedera Teucris 105 

Haud licitum, nee vestra capit discordia finem : 

Quae cuique est fortuna hodie, quam quisque secat speru, 

Tros Rutulusve fuat, nullo discrimine habebo, 

Seu fatis Italum castra obsidione tenentur, 

Sive errore malo Trojae monitisque sinistris. 110 

Nee Rutulos solvo. Sua cuique exorsa laborem 

Fortunamque ferent. Rex Jupiter omnibus idem. 

Fata viam invenient." Stygii per flumina fratris, 

Per pice torrentes atraque voragine ripas 

Adnuit, et totum nutu tremefecit Olympum. 115 

Hie finis fandi. Solio tum Jupiter aureo 

Surgit, caelicolae medium quern ad limina ducunt. 

Interea Rutuli portis circum omnibus instant 
Sternere caede viros, et moenia cingere flammis. 
At legio Aeneadum vallis obsessa tenetur, 120 

Nee spes ulla fugae ; miseri stant turribus altis 
Nequidquam, et rara muros cinxere corona : 
Asius Imbrasides Hicetaoniusque Thymoetes. 
Assaracique duo et senior cum Castore Thymbris 
Prima acies ; hos germani Sarpedonis ambo 125 

Et Clarus et Thaemon Lycia comitantur ab alta. 
Fert ingens toto connixus corpore saxum, 
Haud partem exiguam montis, Lyrnesius Acmon, 
Nee Clytio genitore minor, nee fratre Menestheo. 
Hi jaculis, illi certant defendere saxis, 130 

Molirique ignem, nervoque aptare sagittas. 
Ipse inter medios, Veneris justissima cura, 
Dardanius caput, ecce, puer detectus honestum, 
Qualis gemma, micat, fulvum quae dividit aurum, 
Aut collo decus aut capiti ; vel quale per artem 135 
Inclusum buxo, aut Oricia terebintho, 
Lucet ebur ; fusos cervix cui lactea crines 
Accipit et molli subnectit circulus auro. 



YERGILI AENEIS X. 207 

Te quoque magnanimae viderunt, Ismare, gentes 

V^ulnera dirigere, et calamos armare veneno, 140 

Maeonia generose domo, ubi pinguia culta 

Exercentque viri, Pactolusque irrigat auro. 

Adfuit et Mnestheus, quern pulsi pristina Turni 

Aggere moerorum sublimem gloria tollit, 

Et Capys : hinc nomen Campanae ducitur urbi. 145 

Illi inter sese duri certamina belli 
Contulerant ; media Aeneas freta nocte secabat. 
Namque, ut ab Evandro castris ingressus Etruscis, 
Regem adit, et regi niemorat nomenque genusque, 
Quidve petat, quidve ipse ferat ; Mezentius arma 150 
Quae sibi conciliet, violentaque pectora Turni 
Edocet ; humanis quae sit fiducia rebus, 
Admonet, immiscetque preces. Haud fit mora : Tarchon ' 
Jungit opes, foedusque ferit ; turn libera fati 
Classem conscendit jussis gens Lydia diviim, 155 

Externo commissa duci. Aene'ia puppis 
Prima tenet, rostro Phrygios subjuncta leones ; 
Imminet Ida super, profugis gratissima Teucris. 
Hie magnus sedet Aeneas, secumque volutat 
Eventus belli varios ; Pallasque sinistro 160 

Affixus lateri jam quaerit sidera, opacae 
Noctis iter, jam quae passus terraque marique. 

Pandite nunc Helicona, deae, cantusque movete, 
Quae manus interea Tuscis comitetur ab oris 
Aenean, armetque rates, pelagoque vehatur. 165 

Massicus aerata princeps seeat aequora Tigri ; 
Sub quo mille manus juvenum, qui moenia Clusi, 
Quique urbem liquere Cosas ; quis tela sagittae 
Gorytique leves humeris et letifer arcus. 
Una torvus Abas ; huic totum insignibus armis 170 
Agmen et aurato fulgebat Apolline puppis. 
Sexcentos illi dederat Populonia mater 
Expertos belli juvenes ; ast Ilva trecentos 
Insula, inexhaustis Chalybum generosa metallis. 



208 VERGILI AENEIS X. 

Tertius, ille hominum diviimque interpres Asilas, 175 

Cui pecudum fibrae, caeli cui sidera parent 

Et linguae volucrum et praesagi fulminis ignes, . 

Mille rapit densos acie atque horrentibus hastis. 

Hos parere jubent Alpheae ab origine Pisae, 

TJrbs Etrusca solo. Sequitur pulcherrimus Astur, ISO 

Astur equo fidens et versicoloribus armis. 

Tercentum adjiciunt (mens omnibus una sequendi) 

Qui Caerete domo, qui sunt Minionis in arvis, 

Et Pyrgi veteres ; intempestaeque Graviscae. 

Non ego te, Ligurum ductor fortissime bello, 185 
Transierim, Cinyra, et paucis comitate Cupavo, 
Cujus olorinae surgunt de vertice pennae, 
Crimen amor vestrum, formaeque insigne paternae. 
Namque ferunt, luctu Cycnuni Phaethontis aniati, 
Populeas inter frondes umbramque sororum 190 

Dum canit et maestum Musa solatur amorem, 
Canentem molli pluma duxisse senectam, 
Linquentem terras et sidera voce sequentem. 
Filius, aequales comitatus classe catervas, 
Ingentem remis Centaurum promovet: ille 195 

Instat aquae, saxumque undis immane minatur 
Arduus, et longa sulcat maria alta carina. 

Ille etiam patriis agmen ciet Ocnus ab oris, 
Fatidicae Mantus et Tusci filius amnis, 
Qui muros matrisque dedit tibi, Mantua, nomen, 200 
Mantua, dives avis ; sed non genus omnibus unum : 
Gens illi triplex, populi sub gente quaterni ; 
Ipsa caput populis ; Tusco de sanguine vires. 
Hinc quoque quingentos in se Mezentius armat, 
Quos patre Benaco velatus arundine glauca 205 

Mincius infesta ducebat in aequora pinu. 
It gravis Aulestes, centenaque arbore fluctum 
Yerberat assurgens : spumant vada marmore verso. 
Hunc vehit immanis Triton et caerula concha 
Exterrens freta, cui laterum tenus hispida nanti 210 
Frons hominem praefert, in pristim desinit alvus ; 
Spumea semifero sub pectore murmurat unda. 



VERGILI AENEIS X. 209 

Tot lecti proceres ter denis navibus ibant 
Subsidio Trojae, et campos salis aere secabant. 

Jamque dies caelo concesserat, almaque curru 215 
Noctivago Phoebe medium pulsabat Olympuni : 
Aeneas (neque enim membris dat cura quietem) 
Ipse sedens clavumque regit velisque ministrat. 
Atque illi medio in spatio chorus, ecee, suarum 
Occurrit comitum : Nymphae, quas alma Cybebe 220 
Numen habere maris Nymphasque e navibus esse 
Jusserat, innabant pariter fluctusque secabant, 
Quot prius aeratae steterant ad litora prorae. 
Agnoscunt longe regem, lustrantque choreis. 
Quarum quae fandi doctissima, Cymodocea, 225 

Pone sequens dextra puppim tenet, ipsaque dorso 
Eminet, ac laeva tacitis subremigat undis ; 
Turn sic ignarum alloquitur: "Vigilasne, deiim gens, 
Aenea ? Yigila, et velis immitte rudentes. 
Nos sumus, Idaeae sacro de vertice pinus, 230 

Nunc pelagi Nymphae, classis tua. Perfidus ut nos 
Praecipites. ferro Rutulus flammaque premebat, 
Rupimus invitae tua vincula, teque per aequor 
Quaerimus. Hanc genetrix faciem miserata refecit, 
Et dedit esse deas, aevumque agitare sub undis. 235 
At puer Ascanius muro fossisque tenetur 
Tela inter media atque ardentes Marte Latinos. 
Jam loca jussa tenet forti permixtus Etrusco 
Areas eques ; medias illis opponere turmas, 
Ne castris jungant, certa est sententia Turno. 240 

Surge age, et Aurora socios veniente vocari 
Primus in arma jube, et clipeum cape, quern dedit ipse 
Invictum Ignipotens, atque oras ambiit auro. 
Crastina lux, mea si non irrita dicta putaris, 
Ingentes Rutulae spectabit caedis acervos." 245 

Dixerat, et dextra discedens impulit altam, 
Haud ignara modi, puppim. Fugit ilia per undas 
Ocior et jaculo et ventos aequante sagitta. 
Inde aliae celerant cursus. Stupet inscius ipse 
Tros Anchisiades, animos tamen omine tollit. 250 

14 Vir. 



210 VERGILI AENEIS X. 

Turn breviter supera aspectans convexa precatur : 

" Alma parens Idaea deum, cui Dindyma cordi 

Turrigeraeque urbes bijugique ad frena leones, 

Tu mihi nunc pugnae princeps, tu rite propinques 

Auguriurn, Phrygibusque adsispede, diva, secundo." 255 

Tantum effatus, et interea revoluta ruebat 

Matura jam luce dies noctenique fugarat. 

Principio sociis edicit, signa sequantur, 

Atque animos aptent arniis, pugnaeque parent se. 

Jamque in conspectu Teucros habet et sua castra, 260 

Stans celsa in puppi : clipeum quum deinde sinistra 

Extulit ardentem. Clamorem ad sidera tollunt 

Dardanidae e muris : spes addita suscitat iras ; 

Tela manu jaciunt : quales sub nubibus atris 

Strymoniae dant signa grues, atque aethera tranant 265 

Cum sonitu, fugiuntque Notos clamore secundo. 

At Rutulo regi ducibusque ea mira videri 

Ausoniis, donee versas ad litora puppes 

Respiciunt, totumque allabi classibus aequor. 

Ardet apex capiti, cristisque a vertice flamma 270 

Funditur, et vastos umbo vomit aereus ignes : 

Non secus ac liquida si quando nocte cometae 

Sanguinei lugubre rubent, aut Sirius ardor, 

Ille sitim morbosque ferens mortalibus aegris, 

Nascitur et laevo contristat lumine coelum. 275 

Haud tamen audaci Turno fiducia cessit 
Litora praecipere, et venientes pellere terra. 
[Ultro animos tollit dictis, atque increpat ultro :] ■ 
" Quod votis optastis, adest, perfringere dextra: 
In manibus Mars ipse viris. Nunc conjugis esto 280 
Quisque suae tectique memor ; nanc magna referto 
Facta, patrum laudes. Ultro occurramus ad undam, 
Dum trepidi, egressisque labant vestigia prima. 
Audentes Fortuna juvat." 

Haec ait, et secum versat, quos ducere contra, 285 

Vel quibus obsessos possit concredere muros. 

Interea Aeneas socios de puppibus altis 



VERGILI AENEIS X. 211 

Pjntibus exponit. Multi servare recursus 
Languentis pelagi, et brevibus se credere saltu; 
Per remos alii. Speculatus litora Tarchon, 290 

Qua vada non spirant nee fracta remurmurat unda, 
Sed mare inoffensum crescenti allabitur aestu, 
Advertit subito prorata, sociosque precatur : 
" Nunc, o lecta nianus, validis incumbite remis ; 
Tollite, ferte rates ; inimicam findite rostris 295 

Hanc terrain, sulcumque sibi premat ipsa carina ! 
Frangere nee tali puppim statione recuso, 
Arrepta tellure seme]." Quae talia postquam 
Effatus Tarchon, socii consurgere tonsis, 
Spumantesque rates arvis inferre Latinis, 300 

Donee rostra tenent siccum et sedere carinae 
Omnes innocuae. Sed non puppis tua, Tarchon ! 
Namque inflicta vadis dorso dum pendet iniquo, 
Anceps sustentata diu, fluctusque fatigat, 
Solvitur atque viros mediis exponit in undis ; 305 

Fragmina remorum quos et %itantia transtra 
Impediunt, retrahitque pedes simul unda relabens. 

Nee Turnum segnis retinet mora ; sed rapit acer 
Totam aciem in Teucros, et contra in litore sistit. 
Signa canunt. Primus turmas invasit agrestes 310 
Aeneas, omen pugnae, stravitque Latinos, 
Occiso Therone, virimi qui maximus ultro 
Aenean petit. Huic gladio perque aerea suta, 
Per tunicam squalentem auro, latus haurit apertum. 
Inde Lichan ferit, exsectum jam matre perempta, 315 
Et tibi, Phoebe, sacrum : casus evadere ferri 
Quo licuit parvo ? Nee longe, Cissea durum 
Immanemque Gyan, sternentes agmina clava, 
Dejecit Leto: nihil illos Herculis arma 
Ncc validae juvere manus genitorque Melampus, 320 
Alcidae comes, usque graves dum terra labores 
Praebuit. Ecce Pharo, voces dum jactat inertes, 
Intorquens jaculum clamanti sistit in ore. 
Tu quoque, flaventeru prima lanugine malas 
Dum sequeris Clytium infelix, nova gaudia, Cydon, 325 



212 VERGILI AENEIS X. 

Dardania stratus dextra, securus amorum, 
Qui juvenum tibi semper erant, miserande jaceres, 
Ni fratrum stipata Conors foret obvia, Phorci 
Progenies, septem numero : septenaque tela 
Conjiciunt; partim galea clipeoque resultant 330 

Irrita, deflexit partim stringentia corpus 
Alma Venus. Fidum Aeneas affatur Achaten: 
" Suggere tela mihi ; non ullum dextera frustra 
Torserit in Rutulos, steterunt quae in corpore Graiiim 
Iliacis campis." Turn magnam corripit hastam, 335 
Et jacit; ilia volans clipei transvcrberat aera 
Maeonis, et thoraca simul cum pectore rumpit. 
Huic frater subit Alcanor, fratremque ruentem 
Sustentat dextra : trajeeto missa lacerto 
Protinus hasta fugit servatque cruenta tenorem, 340 
Dexteraque ex humero nervis moribunda pependit. 
Turn Numitor, jaculo fratris de corpore rapto, 
Aenean petiit ; sed non et figere contra 
Est licitum, magnique femur perstrinxit Achatae. 
Hie Curibus, fidens primaevo corpore, Clausus 345 
Advenit, et rigida Dryopem ferit eminus hasta 
Sub mentum graviter pressa, pariterque loquentis 
Yocem animamque rapit trajeeto gutture ; at ille 
Fronte ferit terram et crassum vomit ore cruorem. 
Tres quoque Threicios Boreae de gente suprema, 350 
Et tres, quos Idas pater et patria Ismara mittit, 
Per varios sternit casus. Accurrit Halaesus 
Auruncaeque manus, subit et Neptunia proles, 
Insignis Messapus equis. Expellere tendunt 
Nunc hi, nunc illi ; certatur limine in ipso 355 

Ausoniae. Magno discordes aethere venti 
Proelia ceu tollunt animis et viribus aequis ; 
Non ipsi inter se, non nubila, non mare cedit ; 
Anceps pugna diu ; stant obnixa omnia contra : 
Haud aliter Trojanae acies aciesque Latinae 360 

Concurrunt ; haeret pede pes densusque viro vir. 

At parte ex alia, qua saxa rotantia late 
[mpulerat torrens arbustaque diruta ripis, 



VERGILI AENEIS X. 213 

Arcadas, insuetos acies inferre pedestres, 
Ut vidit Pallas Latio dare terga sequaci, 3G5 

(Aspcra quis natura loci dimittere quando 
Suasit equos,) imum quod rebus restat egenis, 
Nunc prece, nunc dictis virtutem accendit amaris: 
" Quo fugitis, socii ? Per vos et fortia facta, 
Per ducis Evandri nomen devictaque bella, 3Y0 

Spemque meani, patriae quae nunc subit aemula laudi, 
Fidite ne pedibus. Ferro rumpenda per hostes 
Est via. Qua globus ille virum densissinius urget, 
Hac vos et Pallanta ducem patria alta reposcit. 
Numina nulla premunt ; mortali urgemur ab hoste 3T5 
Mortales ; totidem nobis animaeque manusque. 
Ecce, maris magna claudit nos objice pontus; 
Deest jam terra fugae : pelagus Trojamne petemus ? " 
Haec ait, et medius densos prorumpit in hostes. 
Obvius huic primum, fatis adductus iniquis, 380 

Fit Lagus ; nunc, magno vellit dum pondere saxum, 
Intorto figit telo, discrimina costis 
Per medium qua spina dabat ; hastamque receptat 
Ossibus haerentem. Quern non super occupat Hisbo, 
Ille quidem hoc sperans ; nam Pallas ante ruentem, 385 
Dum furit, incautum crudeli morte sodalis, 
Excipit, atque ensem tumido in pulmone recondit. 
Hinc Sthenium petit, et Rhoeti de gente vetusta 
Anchemolum, thalamos ausum incestare novercae. 
Yos etiam, gemini, Rutulis cecidistis in arvis, 390 

Daucia, Laride Thymberque, simillima proles, 
Indiscreta suis, gratusque parentibus error ; 
At nunc dura dedit vobis discrimina Pallas : 
Nam tibi, Thymbre, caput Evandrius abstulit ensis ; 
Te decisa suum, Laride, dextera quaerit, 395 

Semianimesque micant digiti ferrumque retractant. 
Arcadas, accensos monitu et praeclara tuentes 
Facta viri, mixtus dolor et pudor armat in hostes. 
Turn Pallas bijugis fugientem Rhoetea praeter 
Trajicit. Hoc spatium, tantumque morae fuit Ho ; 400 
Ilo namque procul validam direxerat hastam, 
Quam medius Rhoeteus intercipit, optime Teuthra, 



214 VERGILI AENEIS X. 

f 

Te fugiens fratremque Tyren ; curruque volutus 

Caedit seniianimis Rutulorura calcibus arva. 

Ac velut, optato ventis aestate coortis, 405 

Dispersa immittit silvis incendia pastor ; 

Correptis subito mediis, extenditur una 

Horrida per latos acies Yulcania carnpos ; 

Ille sedens victor flammas despectat ovantes : 

Non aliter socium virtus coit omnis in unum, 410 

Teque juvat, Palla. Sed bellis acer Halaesus 

Tendit in ad versos, seque in sua colligit arm a. 

Hie niactat Ladona Pheretaque Demodocumque ; 

Strymonio dextram fulgenti deripit ense 

Elatam in jugulum ; saxo ferit ora Thoantis, 415 

Ossaque dispersit cerebro permixta cruento. 

Fata canens silvis genitor celarat Halaesum ; 

Ut senior leto canentia luniina solvit, 

Injecere manum Parcae, telisque sacrarunt 

Evandri. Quern sic Pallas petit ante precatus : 420 

" Da nunc, Thybri pater, ferro, quod missile libro, 

Fortunam atque viam duri per pectus Halaesi. 

Haec arma exuviasque viri tua quercus habebit." 

Audiit ilia deus ; dum texit Imaona Halaesus, 

Arcadio infelix telo dat pectus inermum. 425 

At non caede viri tanta perterrita Lausus, 

Pars ingens belli, si nit agmina: primus Abantem 

Oppositum interimit, pugnae nodumque moramque. 

Sternitur Arcadiae proles, sternuntur Etrusci, 

Et vos, o G-raiis imperdita corpora, Teucri. 430 

Agmina concurrunt ducibusque et viribus aequis ; 

Extremi addensent acies ; nee turba moveri 

Tela manusque sinit. Hinc Pallas instat et urget, 

Hinc contra Lausus ; nee multum discrepat aetas ; 

Egregii forma, sed quis Fortuna negarat 435 

In patriam reditus. Ipsos concurrere passus 

Haud tamen inter se magni regnator Olympi ; 

Mox illos sua fata manent majore sub hoste. 

Interea soror alma monet succedere Lauso 
Turnum, qui volucri curru medium secat agmen. 440 






VERGILI AENEIS X. 215 

CFt vidit socios : " Tempus desistere pugnae ; 

Solus ego in Pallanta feror, soli mihi Pallas 

Bebetur ; cuperem ipse parens spectator adesset." 

Haec ait, et socii cesserunt aequore jusso. 

At, Kutulum abscessu, juvenis turn, jussa superba 445 

Miratus, stupet in Turno, corpusque per ingens 

Luraina volvit, obitque truci procul omnia visu, 

Talibus et dictis it contra dicta tyranni : 

" Aut spoliis ego jam raptis laudabor opimis, 

Aut leto insigni ; sorti pater aequus utrique est. 450 

Tolle minas." Fatus medium procedit in aequor. 

Frigidus Arcadibus coit in praecordia sanguis. 

Desiluit Turnus bijugis ; pedes apparat ire 

Comminus. Utque leo, specula quum vidit ab alta 

Stare procul campis meditantem in proelia taurum, 455 

Advolat : haud alia est Turni venientis imago. 

Hunc ubi contiguum missae fore credidit hastae, 

Ire prior Pallas, si qua fors adjuvet ausum 

Yiribus imparibus, magnumque ita ad aethera fatur : 

" Per patris hospitium et mensas, quas ad vena adisti, 460 

Te precor, Alcide, coeptis ingentibus adsis ! 

Cernat semineci sibi me rapere arma cruenta, 

Victoremque ferant morientia lumina Turni." 

Audiit Alcides juvenem, magnumque sub imo 

Corde premit gemitum, lacrimasque effundit inanes. 465 

Turn genitor natum dictis affatur amicis : 

" Stat sua cuique dies ; breve et irreparabile tempus 

Omnibus est vitae ; sed famam extendere factis, 

Hoc virtutis opus. Trojae sub moenibus altis 

Tot gnati cecidere deum ; quin occidit una 470 

Sarpedon, mea progenies. Etiam sua Turnum 

Fata vocant, metasque dati pervenit ad aevi." 

Sic ait, atque oculos Rutulorum rejicit arvis. 

At Pallas magnis emittit viribus hastani, 

Vaginaque cava fulgentem deripit ensem. 4T5 

Ilia volans, humeri surgunt qua tegmina summa, 

Incidit, atque, viam clipei molita per oras, 

Tandem etiam magno strinxit de corpore Turni. 

Hie Turnus ferro praefixum robur acuto 



216 VERGILI AENEIS X. 

In Pallanta diu librans jacit, atque ita fatur : 480 

" Aspice, mini mage sit nostrum penetrabile telum." 

Dixerat ; at clipeum, tot ferri terga, tot aeris, 

Quern pellis toties obeat circumdata tauri, 

Vibranti cuspis medium transverberat ictu, 

Loricaeque moras et pectus perforat ingens. 485 

Ille rapit calidum frustra de vulnere telum : 

Una eademque via sanguis animusque sequuntur. 

Corruit in vulnus ; sonitum super arma dedere ; 

Et terrain hostilem moriens petit ore cruento. 

Quern Turnus super adsistens, 490 

" Arcades, haec " inquit " memores mea dicta referte 

Evandro : Qualem meruit, Pallanta remitto. 

Quisquis honos tumuli, quidquid solamen humandi est, 

Largior. Haud illi stabunt Aene'ia parvo 

Hospitia." Et laevo pressit pede, talia fatus, 495 

Exanimem, rapiens immania pondera baltei, 

Impressumque nefas : una sub nocte jugali 

Caesa manus juvenum foede, thai ami que cruenti ; 

Quae Clonus Eurytides multo caelaverat auro. 

Quo nunc Turnus ovat spolio gaudetque potitus. 500 

Nescia mens hominum fati sortisque futurae, 

Et servare modum, rebus sublata secundis ! 

Turno tempus erit, magno quum optaverit emptum 

Intactum Pallanta, et quum spolia ista diemque 

Oderit. At socii multo gemitu lacrimisque 505 

Impositum scuto referunt Pallanta frequentes. 

O dolor atque decus magnum rediture parenti ! 

Haec te prima dies bello dedit, haec eadem aufert, 

Quum tamen ingentes Rutulorum linquis acervos ! 

Nee jam fama mali tanti, sed certior auctor 510 

Advolat Aeneae, tenui discrimine leti 
Esse suos ; tempus, versis succurrere Teucris. 
Proxima quaeque metit gladio, latumque per agmen 
Ardens limitem agit ferro, te, Turne, superbum 
Caede nova quaerens. Pallas, Evander, in ipsis 515 
Omnia sunt oculis, mensae, quas ad vena primas 
Tunc adiit, dextraeque datae. Sulmone creatos 






YERGIL1 AENEIS X. 217 

Quattuor hie juvenes, totidem, quos educat Ufeus, 

^iventes rapit, inferias quos inmiolet umbris, 

Captivoque rogi perfundat sanguine flammas. 520 

Inde Mago procul infensani contenderat hastam ; 

Ille astu subit ; at tremebunda supervolat hasta ; 

Et genua amplectens effatur talia supplex : 

14 Per patrios Manes et spes surgentis Iuli, 

Te precor, hanc animam serves gnatoque patrique. 525 

Est domus alta ; jacent penitus defossa talenta 

Caelati argenti ; sunt auri pondera facti 

Infectique mihi. Non hie victoria Teucruni 

Vertitur, aut anima una dabit discrimina tanta." 

Dixerat ; Aeneas contra cui talia reddit : 530 

44 Argenti atque auri memoras quae multa talenta, 

Gnatis parce tuis : belli coram ercia Turnus 

Sustulit ista prior jam turn Pallante perempto. 

Hoc patris Anchisae Manes, hoc sentit lulus." 

Sic fatus galeam laeva tenet, atque reflexa 535 

Cervice orantis capulo tenus applicat ensem. 

Nee procul Haemonides, Phoebi Triviaeque sacerdos, 

Infill a cui sacra redimibat tempora vitta, 

Totus collucens veste atque insignibus armis : 

Quern congressus agit campo, lapsumque superstans 540 

Iinmolat, ingentique umbra tegit; arma Serestus 

Lecta refert humeris, tibi, rex Gradive, tropaeum. 

Instaurant acies Vulcani stirpe creatus 

Caeculus et veniens Marsorum montibus Umbro : 

Dardanides contra furit. Anxuris ense sinistram 545 

Et totum clipei ferro dejecerat orbem ; 

(Dixerat ille aliquid magnum, vimque affore verbo 

Crediderat, caeloque animum fortasse ferebat, 

Canitiemque sibi et longos promiserat annos ;) 

Tarquitus exsultans contra fulgentibus armis, 550 

Silvicolae Fauno Dryope quern nympha crearat, 

Obvius ardenti sese obtulit. Ille reducta 

Loricam clipeique ingens onus impedit hasta. 

Turn caput orantis nequidquam et multa parantis 

Dicere deturbat terrae, truncumque tepentem 555 

Provolvens, super haec inimico pectore fatur : 



218 VERGILI AENE1S X. 

" Istic nunc, metuende, jace ! Non te optima mater 

Condet humo, patrioque onerabit membra sepulehro ; 

Alitibus linquere feris, aut gurgite mersum 

Unda feret, piscesque impasti vulnera lambent." 56C 

Protinus Antaeum et Lucam, prima agmina Turni. 

Persequitur, fortemque Numam, fulvunique Camertem, 

Magnanimo Yolscente satam, ditissimus agri 

Qui fuit Ausonidum, et tacitis regnavit Amyclis. 

Aegaeon qualis, centum cui brachia dicunt 565 

Centenasque manus, quinquaginta oribus ignem 

Pectoribusque arsisse, Jovis quum fulmina contra 

Tot paribus streperet clipeis, tot stringeret enses : 

Sic toto Aeneas desaevit in aequore victor, 

Ut semel intepuit mucro. . Quin ecce Niphaei 510 

Quadrijugis in equos adversaque pectora tendit ; 

Atque illi longe gradientem et dira frementem 

Ut videre, metu versi retroque ruentes 

Effunduntque ducem, rapiuntque ad litora currum. 

Interea bijugis infert se Lucagus albis 515 

In medios, fraterque Liger ; sed frater habenis 

Flectit equos, strictum rotat acer Lucagus ensem. 

Haud tulit Aeneas tanto fervore furentes : 

Irruit, adversaque ingens apparuit hasta. 

Cui Liger : 580 

" Non Diomedis equos, nee currum cernis Achillis, 

Aut Phrygiae campos ; nunc belli finis et aevi 

His dabitur terris." Vesano talia late 

Dicta volant Ligeri : sed non et Troius heros 

Dicta parat contra ; jaculum nam torquet in hostem.585 

Lucagus ut pronus pendens in verbera telo 

Admonuit bijugos, projecto dum pede laevo 

Aptat se pugnae, subit oras hasta per imas 

Fulgenti s clipei, turn laevum perforat inguen ; 

Excussus curru moribundus volvitur arvis. 590 

Quern pius Aeneas dictis affatur amaris : 

" Lucage, nulla tuos currus fuga segnis equorum 

Prodidit, aut vanae vertere f-? bostibus umbrae ; 

Ipse rotis saliens juga deseris." Haec ita fatus 

Arripuit bijugos. Frater tendebat inertes 595 






VERGILI AENEIS X. 219 

Infelix palmas, curru delapsus eodem : 

" Per te, per qui te talem genuere parentes, 

Yir Trojane, sine hanc animam, et miserere precantis I * 

Pluribus oranti Aeneas : " Haud talia duduni 

Dicta dabas. More re, et fratrem ne desere frater." 600 

Turn latebras animae, pectus, mucrone recludit. 

Talia per campos edebat funera ductor 

Dardanius, torrentis aquae vel turbinis atri 

More furens. Tandem erumpunt et castra relinquunt 

Ascanius puer et nequidquam obsessa juventus. 605 

Junonem interea compellat Jupiter ultro : 
" germana mihi atque eadem gratissima conjunx, 
Ut rebare, Yenus (nee te sententia fallit) 
Trojanas sustentat opes : non vivida bello 
Dextra viris, animusque ferox patiensque pericli." 610 
Cui Juno submissa: " Quid, o pulcherrime conjunx, 
Sollicitas aegram et tua tristia jussa timentem ? 
Si mihi, quae quondam fuerat, quamque esse decebat, 
Vis in amore foret, non hoc mihi namque negares, 
Omnipotens, quin et pugnae subducere Turnum, 615 
Et Dauno possem incolumem servare parenti. 
Nvmc pereat, Teucrisque pio det sanguine poenas. 
Ille tamen nostra deducit origine nomen, 
Pilumnusque illi quartus pater, et tua larga 
Saepe manu multisque oneravit limina donis." 620 

Cui rex aetherii breviter sic fatus Olympi : 
" Si mora praesentis leti tempusque caduco 
Oratur juveni, meque hoc ita ponere sentis, 
Tolle fuga Turnum, atque instantibus eripe fatis : 
Hactenus indulsisse vacat. Sin altior istis 625 

Sub precibus venia ulla latet, totumque moveri 
Mutarive putas bellum, spes pascis inanes." 
Et Juno allacrimans : M Quid, si, quae voce gravaris, 
Mente dares, atque haec Turno rata vita maneret ? 
Nunc manet insontem gravis exitus, aut ego veri 630 
Yana feror. Quod ut o potius formidine falsa 
Ludar, et in melius tua, qui potes, orsa reflectas ! w 
Haec ubi dicta dedit, caelo se protinus alto 



220 VERGILI AENEIS X. 

Misit, agons hiemem nimbo succincta per auras, 

Iliacamque aciem et Laurentia castra petivit. 635 

Turn dea nube cava tenuem sine viribus umbram 

In faeieni Aeneae (visu mirabile monstruni) 

Dardaniis ornat telis, clipeumque jubasque 

Divini assimulat capitis, dat inania verba, 

Dat sine mente sonum, gressusque effingit euntip; 640 

Morte obita quales fama est volitare figuras, 

Aut quae sopitos deludunt somnia sensus. 

At primas laeta ante acies exsultat imago, 

Irritatque virum telis et voce lacessit. 

Instat cui Turnus, stridentemque eminus bastan? 645 

Conjicit ; ilia dato vertit vestigia tergo. 

Turn vero Aenean aversum ut cedere Turnus 

Credidit, atque animo spem turbidus hausit inanem, 

" Quo fugis, Aenea ? Thalamos ne desere pactos ! 

Hac dabitur dextra tellus quaesita per undas," 650 

Talia vociferans sequitur, strictumque coruscat 

Mucronem, nee ferre videt sua gaudia ventos. 

Forte ratis celsi conjuncta crepidine saxi 

Expositis stabat scalis et ponte parato, 

Qua rex Clusinis advectus Osinius oris : 655 

Hue sese trepida Aeneae fugientis imago 

Conjicit in latebras; nee Turnus segnior instat, 

Exsuperatque moras, et pontes transilit altos. 

Vix proram attigerat : rumpit Saturnia funem, 

Avulsamque rapit revoluta per aequora navem. 660 

Ilium autem Aeneas absentem in proelia poscit; 

Obvia multa virum demittit corpora Morti. 

Turn levis haud ultra latebras jam quaerit imago, 

Sed sublime volans nubi se immiscuit atrae : 

Quum Turnum medio interea fert aequore turbo. 665 

Respicit ignarus rerum ingratusque salutis, 

Et duplices cum voce manus ad sidera tendit : 

" Omnipotens genitor, tanton' me crimine dignum 

Duxisti, et tales voluisti expendere poenas ? 

Quo feror? unde abii? quae me fuga, quemve reducit? 670 

Laurentesne iterum muros aut castra videbo ? 

Quid manus ilia virum, qui me meaque arma secuti ? 



VERGILI AENEIS X. 221 

Quosne (nefas) omnes infanda in morte reliqui ? 
Et nunc palantes video, gemitumque cadentura 
Accipio ! Quid ago ? aut quae jam satis ima dehiscat 675 
Terra mihi ? Yos o potius miserescite, venti ! 
In rupes, in saxa (volens vos Turnus adoro) 
Ferte ratem, saevisque vadis immittite Syrtis, 
Quo neque me Rutuli, nee conscia fama sequatur." 
Haec memorans, animo nunc hue nunc fluctuat illuc, 680 
An sese mucrone ob tantum dedecus amens 
Induat, et crudum per costas exigat ensem, 
Fluctibus an jaciat mediis, et litora nando 
Curva petat, Teucrumque iterum se reddat in arma. 
Ter conatus utramque viam ; ter maxima Juno 685 
Continuit, juvenemque animi miserata repressit. 
Labitur alta secans fluctuque aestuque secundo, 
Et patris antiquam Dauni defertur ad urbem. 

At Jovis interea monitis Mezentius ardens 
Succedit pugnae, Teucrosque invadit ovantes. 690 

Concurrunt Tyrrhenae acies, atque omnibus uni, 
Uni odiisque viro telisque frequentibus instant. 
Hie, — velut rupes, vastum quae prodit in aequor 
Ot>via ventorum furiis expostaque ponto, 
Vim cunctam atque minas perfert caelique marisque, 695 
Ipsa imniota manens, — prolem Dolichaonis, Hebrurn, 
Sternit humi, cum quo Latagum Palmumque fugacem, 
Sed Latagum saxo atque ingenti fragmine montis 
Occupat os faciemque adversam, poplite Palmum 
Succiso volvi segnem sinit, armaque Lauso 700 

Donat habere humeris et vertice figere cristas. 
Nee non Euanthen Phrygium, Paridisque Mimanta 
Aequalem comitemque, una quern nocte Theano 
In lucem genitori Amyco dedit, et face praegnans 
Cisseis regina Parin : Paris urbe paterna 705 

Occubat, ignarum Laurens habet ora Mimanta. 
Ac velut ille canum morsu de montibus altis 
Actus aper, multos Yesulus quern pinifer annos 
Defendit, multosque palus Laurentia, silva 
Pastus arundinea, postquam inter retia ventum est, 710 



222 VEKGILl AEVEIS X. 

Substitit, infreruuitque ferox et inhorruit armos, 

Nee cuiquam irasci propiusve accedere y^rtus, 

Scd jaculis tutisque procul clamoribus instant; 

llle autem impavidus partes cunctatur in omnes, 

Dentibus infrendens, et tergo decutit hastas : 715 

Haud aliter, justae quibus est Mezentius irae, 

Non ulli est animus stricto concurrere ferro ; 

Missilibus longe et vasto clamore lacessunt. 

Venerat antiquis Corythi de finibus Acron, 

Graius homo, infectos linquens profugus hyrnenaeos: 720 

Hunc ubi miscentem longe media agmina vidit, 

Purpureum pennis et pactae conjugis ostro ; 

Impastus stabula alta leo ceu saepe peragrans 

(Suadet enim vesana fames), si forte fugacem 

Conspexit capream aut surgentem in cornua cervum, 725 

Gaudet, hians immane, comasque arrexit, et haeret 

Visceribus super incumbens, lavit improba taeter 

Ora cruor: 

Sic ruit in densos alacer Mezentius hostes. 

Sternitur infelix Acron, et calcibus atram 730 

Tundit humum exspirans, infractaque tela cruentat. 

Atque idem fugientem haud est dignatus Oroden 

Sternere, nee jacta caecum dare cuspide vulnus ; 

Obvius adversoque occurrit, seque viro vir 

Contulit, haud furto melior, sed fortibus armis. 735 

Turn super abjectum posito pede nixus et hasta, 

" Pars belli haud temnenda, viri, jacet altus Orodes." 

Conclamant socii laetum paeana secuti. 

Ille autem exspirans : " Non me, quicumque es, inulto, 

Victor, nee longum laetabere; te quoque fata 740 

Prospectant paria, atque eadem mox arva tenebis." 

Ad quern subridens mixta Mezentius ira : 

" Nunc morere ; ast de me divum pater atque hominum rex 

Viderit ! " Hoc dicens eduxit corpore telum ; 

Olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget 745 

Soninus, in aeternam clauduntur lumina noctein. 

Caedicus Alcathoum obtruncat ; Sacrator Hydaspen; 
Partheniumque Rapo et praedurum viribus Orsen ; 



VERGILI AENTEIS X. 223 

Messapus Cloniumque Lycaoniumque Eriehaeten, 
Illam infrenis equi lapsu tellure jacentem, 750 

Hunc peditem pedes. Et Lycius processerat Agis, 
Quem tamen baud expers Valerus virtutis avitae 
Dejicit ; at Thronium Salius, Saliumque Nealces, 
Insidiis, jaculo et longe fallente sagitta. 

Jam gravis aequabat luctus et mutua Mavors 755 
Funera ; caedebant pariter pariterque ruebaat 
Yietores victique, neque bis fuga nota neque illis. 
Di Jo vis in tectis iram miserantur inanem 
Amborum, et tantos mortalibus esse labores : 
Hinc Yenus, bine contra spectat Saturnia Juno. 760 
Pallida Tisipbone media inter milia saevit. 
At vero ingentem quatiens Mezentius bastam 
Turbidus ingreditur campo. Quam magnus Orion, 
Quum pedes incedit medii per maxima Nerei 
Stagna, viam scindens, bumero supereminet undas, 765 
Aut, summis referens annosam montibus ornum, 
Ingrediturque solo et caput inter nubila condit : 
Talis se vastis infert Mezentius armis. 
Huic contra Aeneas, speculatus in agmine longo, 
Obvius ire parat. Manet imperterritus ille, 770 

Ho§tem magnanimum opperiens, et mole sua stat ; 
Atque oculis spatium emensus, quantum satis bastae, 
" Dextra mibi deus et telum, quod missile libro, 
Nunc adsint ! Yoveo praedonis corpore raptis 
Indutum spoliis ipsum te, Lause, tropaeum 775 

Aeneae." Dixit, stridentemque eminus bastam 
Jecit; at ilia volans clipeo est excussa, proculque 
Egregium Antoren latus inter et ilia figit, 
Herculis Antoren comitem, qui missus ab Argis 
Haeserat Evandro, atque Itala consederat urbe. 780 
Sternitur infelix alieno vulnere, caelumque 
Aspicit, et dulces moriens reminiscitur Argos. 
Turn pius Aeneas hastam jacit ; ilia per orbem 
Aere cavum triplici, per linea terga, tribusque 
Transiit intextum tauris opus, imaque sedit 785 



224 VEEGILI AENEIS X. 

Inguine; sed vires hand pertulit. Ocius erisem 

Aeneas, viso Tyrrheni sanguine laetus, 

Eripit a femine, et trepidanti fervidus instat. 

Ingemuit cari graviter genitoris amore, 

TJt vidit, Lausns, lacrimaeque per ora volutae. 790 

Hie mortis durae casum tuaque optima facta, 

Si qua fidem tanto est operi latura vetustas, 

Non equidem, nee te, juvenis memorande, silebo. 

Ille pedem referens et inutilis inque ligatus 

Cedebat, clipeoque inimicum hastile trahebat: 195 

Proripuit juvenis seseque immiscuit armis, 

Jamque assurgentis dextra plagamque ferentis 

Aeneae subiit mucronem, ipsumque morando 

Sustinuit. Socii magno clamore sequuntur, 

Dum genitor nati parma proteetus abiret, 800 

Telaque conjiciunt, proturbantque eminus hostem 

Missilibus. Furit Aeneas, tectusque tenet se. 

Ac velut, effusa si quando grandine nimbi 

Praecipitant, omnis campis diffugit arator, 

Omnis et agricola, et tuta latet arce viator 805 

Aut amnis ripis aut alti fornice saxi, 

Dum pluit in terris, ut possint, sole reducto, 

Exercere diem : sic obrutus undique telis 

Aeneas nubem belli, dum detonet omnis, 

Sustinet, et Lausum increpitat, Lausoque minatur: 810 

" Quo moriture ruis, majoraque viribus audes ? 

Pallit te incautum pietas tua." Nee minus ille 

Exsultat demens ; saevae jamque altius irae 

Dardanio surgunt duetori, extremaque Lauso 

Parcae fila legunt : validum namque exigit ensem 815 

Per medium Aeneas juvenem, totumque recondit. 

Transiit et parmam mucro, levia arma minacis, 

Et tunicam, molli mater quam neverat auro ; 

Implevitque sinum sanguis ; turn vita per auras 

Concessit maesta ad Manes, corpusque reliquit. 82C 

At vero ut vultum vidit morientis et ora, 

Ora modis Anchisiades pallentia miris, 

Ingemuit miserans graviter, dextramque tetendit, 






VERGILI AENEIS X. 225 

Et mentem patriae subiit pietatis imago. 

14 Quid tibi nunc, miserande puer, pro laudibus istis, 825 

Quid pius Aeneas tanta dabit indole dignum ? 

Anna, quibus laetatu's, habe tua, teque parentum 

Manibus et cineri, si qua est ea cura, remitto. 

Hoc tamen infelix miseram solabere mortem : 

Aeneae magni dextra cadis. " Increpat ultro 830 

Cunctantes socios, et terra sublevat ipsum, 

Sanguine turpantem comptos de more capillos. 

Interea genitor Tiberini ad fluminis undam 
Vulnera siccabat lymphis, corpusque levabat 
Arboris acclinis trunco ; procul aerea ramis 835 

Dependet galea, et prato gratia arnia quiescunt. 
Stant lecti circuni juvenes ; ipse aeger, anhelans, 
Colla fovet, fusus propexam in pectore barbam ; 
Multa super Lauso rogitat, multosque remittit, 
Qui revocent, maestique ferant mandata parentis. 840 
At Lausum socii exanimem super arma ferebant 
Flentes, ingentem atque ingenti vulnere victum. 
Agnovit longe gemitum praesaga mali mens. 
Canitiem multo de format pulvere, et ambas 
Ad caelum tendit palmas, et corpore inhaeret. 845 

" Tantane me tenuit vivendi, nate, voluntas, 
Ut pro me hostili paterer succedere dextrae, 
Quern #genui ? Tuane haec genitor per vulnera : servor, 
Morte tua vivens? lieu, nunc misero mihi demiim 
Exitium infelix ; nunc alte vulnus adactum ! 850 

Idem ego, nate, tuum maculavi crimine nomen, 
Pulsus ob invidiam solio sceptrisque paternis. 
Debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum : 
Omnes per mortes animam sontem ipse dedissem! 
Nunc vivo, neque adhuc homines lucemque relinquo. 855 
Sed linquam." Simul hoc dicens attollit in aegrum 
Se femur, et, quamquam vis alto vulnere tardat, 
Haud dejectus equum duci jubet Hoc decus illi, 
Hoc solamen erat ; bellis hoc victor abibal 
Omnibus. Alloquitur maerentem, et talibus infit: 860 
15 Vir. 



226 VERGILI AENEIS X. 

" Rhaebe, diu, res si qua diii mortalibus ulla est, 

Viximus. Aut hodie victor spolia ilia cruenta 

Et caput Aeneae re feres, Lausique dolorum 

Ultor eris mecum, aut, aperit si nulla viam vis, 

Occumbes pariter ; neque enim, fortissime, credo, 865 

Jussa aliena pati et dominos dignabere Teucros." 

Dixit, et exceptus tergo consueta locavit 

Membra, manusque ambas jaculis oneravit acutis, 

Aere caput fulgens, cristaque hirsutus equina. 

Sic cursum in medios rapidus dedit : aestuat ingens 870 

Uno in corde pudor, ruixtoque insania luctu, 

[Et furiis agitatus amor et conscia virtus.] 

Atque hie Aenean magna ter voce vocavit. 

Aeneas agnovit enim, laetusque precatur : 

" Sic pater ille deiim faciat, sic altus Apollo ! 815 

Incipias conferre manum." 

Tantum effatus, et infesta subit obvius hasta. 

Ille autem : " Quid me, erepto, saevissime, nato 

Terres ? Haec via sola fuit, qua perdere posses. 

Nee mortem horremus, nee divum parcimus ulli. 880 

Desine : nam venio moriturus, et haec tibi porto 

Dona prius." Dixit, telumque intorsit in hostem ; 

Inde aliud super atque aliud figitque, volatque 

Ingenti gyro ; sed sustinet aureus umbo. 

Ter circum adstantem laevos equitavit in orbes, 885 

Tela manu jaciens ; ter secum Trohis heros 

Immanem aerato circumfert tegmine silvam. 

Inde ubi tot traxisse moras, tot spicula taedet 

Yellere, et urgetur pugna congressus iniqua, 

Multa movens animo, jam tandem erumpit, et inter 890 

Bellatoris equi cava tempora conjicit hastam. 

Toll it se arrectum quadrupes, et calcibus auras 

Verberat, effusumque equitem super ipse secutus 

Implicat, ejectoque incumbit cernuus armo. 

Clamore incendunt caelum Troesque Latinique. 895 

Advolat Aeneas, vaginaque eripit ensem, 

Et super haec ; " Ubi nunc Mezentius acer, et ilia 

Effera vis animi ?" Contra Tyrrhenus, ut auras 



VERGILI AENEIS X. 227 

Suspiciens hausit caelum, mentemque recepit : 

" Hostis am are, quid inerepitas mortemque minaris ? 900 

Nullum in caede nefas ; nee sic ad proelia veni ; 

Nee tecum meus haec pepigit mihi foedera Lausus. 

Unum hoc, per, si qua est victis venia hostibus, oro : 

Corpus humo patiare tegi. Scio acerba meorum 

Circumstare odia: hunc, oro, defende furorem ; 905 

Et me consortem nati concede sepulchro." 

Haec loquitur, juguloque haud inscius accipit ensem, 

Undantique animam diffundit in arma cruore. 




P. VERGILI MARONIS 

A E N E I D S 

LIBER UNDECIMUS. 

ooj^oo 

Oceanum interea surgens Aurora reliquit : 
Aeneas, quamquam et sociis dare tempus humandis 
Praecipitant curae, turbataque funere mens est, 
Vota deum primo victor solvebat Eoo. 
Ingentem quercum decisis undique ramis 5 

Constituit tumulo, fulgentiaque induit arma, 
Mezenti ducis exuvias, tibi, magne, tropaeum, 
Bellipotens ; aptat rorantes sanguine cristas, 
Telaque trunca viri et bis sex thoraca petitum 
Perfossumque locis, clipeumque ex acre sinistrae IC 
Subligat, atque ensem collo suspendit eburnum. 
Turn socios (namque omnis eum stipata tegebat 
Turba ducum) sic incipiens hortatur ovantes : 
" Maxima res effecta, viri ; timor omnis abesto, 
Quod superest; haec sunt spolia et de rege superbo 15 
Primitiae, manibusque meis Mezentius hie est. 
Nunc iter ad regem nobis murosque Latinos. 
Arma parate animis, et spe praesumite bellum, 
Ne qua mora ignaros, ubi primum vellere signa 
Adnuerint superi pubemque educere castris, 20 

Impediat, segnesve metu sententia tardet. 
Interea socios inhumataque corpora terrae 
Mandemus, qui solus honos Acheronte sub imo est. 
Ite," ait, " egregias animas, quae sanguine nobis 

( 228 ) 









VERGILI AENEIS XI. 229 

Hanc patriam peperere suo, decorate supremis 25 

Muneribus; niaestamque Evandri primus ad urbem 
Mittatur Pallas, quem non virtutis egentem 
Abstulit atra dies et funere mersit acerbo." 

Sic ait illacrimans recipitque ad limina gressum, 
Corpus ubi exanimi positum Pallantis Acoetes 30 

Servabat senior, qui Parrhasio Evandro 
Armiger ante fuit, sed non felicibus aeque 
Turn comes auspiciis caro datus ibat alumno. 
Circum omnis famulunique manus Trojanaque turba 
Et maestum Iliades crinem de more solutae. 35 

Ut vero Aeneas foribus sese intulit altis, 
Ingentem gemitum tunsis ad sidera tollunt 
Pectoribus, maestoque immugit regia luctu. 
Ipse, caput nivei fultuni Pallantis et ora 
Ut vidit, levique patens in pectore vulnus 40 

Cuspidis Ausoniae, lacrimis ita fatur obortis: 
"Tene," inquit, "miserande puer, quum laeta veniret, 
Invidit Fortuna mihi, ne regna videres 
Nostra, neque ad sedes victor veherere paternas ? 
Non haec Evandro de te promissa parenti 45 

Discedens dederam, quum me complexus euntem 
Mitteret in magnum imperium, metuensque moneret, 
Acres esse viros, cum dura proelia gente. 
Et nunc ille quidem spe multum captus inani 
Fors et vota facit, cumulatque altaria donis ; 50 

Nos juvenem exanimum et nil jam caelestibus ullis 
Debentem vano maesti comitamur honore. 
Infelix, nati funus crudele videbis ! 
Hi nostri reditus, exspectatique triumphi ? 
Haec mea magna fides ? At non, Evandre, pudendis 55 
Yulneribus pulsum aspicies, nee sospite dirum 
Optabis nato funus pater. Hei mihi, quantum 
Praesidium Ausonia, et quantum tu perdis, Iule 1 n 

Haec ubi deflevit, tolli miserabile corpus 
Imperat, et toto lectos ex agmine mittit 60 

Mille viros, qui supremum comitentur honorem, 



230 VERGILI AENEIS XI. 

Intersintque patris lacrimis, solatia lactus 

Exigua ingentis, misero sed debita patri. 

Haud segnes alii crates et molle feretram 

Arbuteis texunt virgis et vimine querno, 65 

Exstructosque toros obtentu frondis inunibrant. 

Hie juveneni agresti sublimem stramine ponunt, 

Qualem virgineo demessum pollice florem 

Seu mollis violae seu languentis hyacinthi, 

Cui neque fulgor adhue, nee dum sua forma recessit, 70 

Non jam mater alit tellus, viresque ministrat. 

Turn geminas vestes auroque ostroque rigentes 

Extulit Aeneas, quas illi laeta laborum 

Ipsa suis quondam manibus Sidonia Dido 

Fecerat, et tenui telas discreverat auro. 75 

Harum unam juveni supremum maestus honorem 

Induit, arsurasque comas obnubit amictu ; 

Multaque praeterea Laurentis praemia pugnae 

Aggerat, et longo praedam jubet ordine duci. 

Addit equos et tela, quibus spoliaverat hostem. 80 

Yinxerat et post terga manus, quos mitteret umbris 

Inferias, caeso sparsums sanguine flammas ; 

Indutosque jubet truncos hostilibus armis 

Ipsos ferre duces, inimicaque nomina figi. 

Ducitur infelix aevo confectus Acoetes, 85 

Pectora nunc foedans pugnis, nunc unguibus ora ; 

Sternitur et toto projectus corpore terrae. 

Ducunt et Kutulo perfusos sanguine currus. 

Post bellator equus, positis insignibus, Aethon, 

It lacrimans, guttisque humectat grandibus ora. 90 

Hastam alii galeamque ferunt ; nam cetera Turnus 

Victor h abet. Turn maesta phalanx Teucri que sequuntur 

Tyrrhenique omnes et versis Arcades armis. 

Postquam omnis longe comitum praecesscrat ordo, 

Substitit Aeneas, gemituque haec addidit alto : 05 

"Nos alias hinc ad lacrimas eadem horrida belli 

Fata vocant: salve aeternum mihi, maxime Palla, 

Aeternumque vale." Nee plura effatus, ad altos 

Tendebat muros, gressumque in castra ferebat. 



VERGILI AENEIS XI. 231 

Jamque oratores aderant ex urbe Latina, 100 

Velati ramis oleae, veniamque rogantes : 
Corpora, per campos ferro quae fusa jacebant, 
Redderet, ac tumulo sineret succedere terrae ; 
Nullum cum victis certamen et aethere cassis ; 
Parceret hospitibus quondam socerisque vocatis. 105 
Quos bonus Aeneas, haud aspernanda precantes, 
Prosequitur venia, et verbis haec insuper addit : 
" Quaenam vos tanto fortuna indigna, Latini, 
Implicuit bello, qui nos fugiatis amicos ? 
Pacem me exanimis et Martis sorte peremptis 110 

Oratis ? Equidem et vivis concedere vellem. 
Nee veni, nisi fata locum sedemque dedissent ; 
Nee bellum cum gente gero : rex nostra reliquit 
Hospitia, et Turni potius se credidit armis. 
Aequius huic Turnum fuerat se opponere morti. 115 
Si bellum finire manu, si pellere Teucros 
Apparat, his mecum decuit concurrere telis ; 
Yixet, cui vitam deus aut sua dextra dedisset. 
Nunc ite et miseris supponite civibus igneni." 
Dixerat Aeneas ; illi obstupuere silentes, 120 

Conversique oculos inter se atque ora tenebant. 
Turn senior, semperque odiis et crimine Drances 
Infensus juveni Turno, sic ore vicissim 
Orsa refert : " O fama ingens, ingentior armis, 
Yir Trojane, quibus caelo te laudibus aequem ? 125 
Justitiaene prius mirer, belline laborum ? 
Nos vero haec patriam grati referemus ad urbem, 
Et te, si qua viam dederit fortuna, Latino 
Jungemus regi ; quaerat sibi foedera Turnus. 
Quin et fatales murorum attollere moles, 130 

Saxaque subvectare humeris Trojana juvabit." 
Dixerat haec, unoque omnes eadem ore fremebant. 
Bis senos pepigere dies, et pace sequestra 
Per silvas Teucri mixtique impune Latini 
Erravere jugis. Ferro sonat alta bipenni 135 

Fraxinus; evertunt actas ad sidera pinus; 
Robora nee cuneis et olentem scindere cedrum, 
Nee plaustris cessant vectare gementibus ornos. 



232 VERGILI AENEIS XI. 

Et jam Fama volans, tanti praenuntia luctus, 
Evandrum Evandrique domos et moenia replet, 140 
Quae rnodo vietorem Latio Pallanta ferebat. 
Arcades ad portas ruere, et de more vetusto 
Funereas rapuere faces; lucet via longo 
Ordine flammaruni, et late discriminat agros. 
Contra turba Phrygum veniens plangentia jungit 145 
Agmina. Quae postquam matres succedere tectis 
Viderunt, maestam incendunt clamoribus urbem. 
At non Evandrum potis est vis ulla tenere ; 
Sed venit in medios. Feretro Pallanta reposto 149 
Procubuit super, atque haeret lacrimansque gemensque, 
Et via vix tandem voci laxata dolore est : 151 

"Non haec, o Palla, dederas promissa parenti. 
Cautius ut saevo velles te credere Marti ! 
Haud ignarus eram, quantum nova gloria in armis 
Et praedulce decus primo certamine posset. 155 

Primitiae juvenis miserae, bellique propinqui 
Dura rudimenta ! et nulli exaudita deorum 
Yota precesque meae ! tuque, o sanctissima conjunx, 
Felix morte tua, neque in hunc servata dolorem ! 
Contra ego vivendo vici mea fata, superstes 160 

Restarem ut genitor. Troum socia arma secutum 
Obruerent Rutuli telis ! animam ipse dedissem, 
Atque haec pompa domum me, non Pallanta, referret I 
Nee vos arguerim, Teucri, nee foedera, nee quas 
Junximus hospitio dextras ; sors ista senectae 165 

Debita erat nostrae. Quod si immatura manebat 
Mors gnatum, caesis Volscorum milibus ante, 
Ducentem in Latium Teucros, cecidisse juvabit. 
Quin ego non alio digner te funere, Palla, 
Quam pius Aeneas, et quam magni Phryges, et quam 1T0 
Tyrrhenique duces, Tyrrhenum exercitus omnis. 
Magna tropaea ferunt, quos dat tua dextera Leto. 
Tu quoque nunc stares immanis truncus in armis, 
Esset par aetas et idem si robur ab annis, 
Turne. Sed infelix Teucros quid demoror armis ? 175 
Vadite et haec memores regi mandata referte : 
Quod vitam moror invisam, Pallante perempto, 



VERGILI AENEIS XI. 233 

Dextera causa tua est, Turnum gnatoque patrique 
Quam debere vides. Meritis vacat hie tibi solus 
Fortunaeque locus. Non vitae gaudia quaero, 180 

(Nee fas,) sed gnato Manes perferre sub imos." 

Aurora interea miseris mortalibus almam 
Extulerat lucem, referens opera atque labores : 
Jam pater Aeneas, jam curvo in litore Tarchon 
Constituere pyras. Hue corpora quisque suorum 185 
More tulere patrum ; subjectisque ignibus atris 
Conditur in tenebras altum caligine caelum. 
Ter circum accensos cincti fulgentibus armis 
Decurrere rogos ; ter maestum funeris ignem 
Lustravere in equis, ululatusque ore dedere ; 190 

Spargitur et tellus lacrimis, sparguntur et arma ; 
It caelo clamorque viriim clangorque tubarum. 
Hie alii spolia occisis derepta Latinis 
Conjiciunt igni, galeas ensesque decoros, 
Frenaque ferventesque rotas ; pars munera nota, 195 
Ipsorum clipeos et non felicia tela. 
Multa bourn circa mactantur corpora Morti, 
Setigerosque sues raptasque ex omnibus agris 
In flammam jugulant pecudes. Turn litore toto 
Ardentes spectant socios, semiustaque servant 200 
Busta, neque avelli possunt, nox humida donee 
Invertit caelum stellis ardentibus aptum. 

Nee minus et miseri diversa in parte Latini 
Innumeras struxere pyras ; et corpora partim 
Multa virum terrae infodiunt, avectaque partim 205 
Finitimos tollunt in agros urbique remittunt ; 
Cetera, confusaeque ingentem caedis acervum, 
Nee numero nee honore cremant; tunc undique vasti 
Certatim crebris collucent ignibus agri. 
Tertia lux gelidam caelo dimoverat umbram: 210 

Maerentes altum cinerem et confusa ruebant 
Ossa focis, tepidoque onerabant aggere terrae. 
Jam vero in tectis, praedivitis urbe Latini, 
Praecipuus fragor et longi pars maxima luctus. 



234 VERGILI AENEIS XI. 

Hie matres miseraeque nurus, hie cara sororum 215 
Pectora maerentuni, puerique parentibus orbi, 
Dirum exsecrantur belluni Turnique hymenaeos ; 
Ipsum arrnis, ipsumque jubent decernere ferro, 
Qui regnuni Italiae et primos sibi poscat honores. 
Ingravat haec saevus Drances, solumque vocari 220 
Testatur, solum posci in certamina Turnuni. 
Multa simul contra variis sententia dictis 
Pro Turno ; et magnum reginae nomen obumbrat ; 
Multa virum meritis sustentat fama tropaeis. 

Hos inter motus, medio in flagrante tumultu, 225 
Ecce, super maesti magna Diomedis ab urbe 
Legati responsa ferunt : nihil omnibus actum 
Tantorum impensis operum ; nil dona neque aurum 
Nee magnas valuisse preces ; alia arma Latinis 
Quaerenda, aut pacem Trojano ab rege petendum. 230 
Deficit ingenti luctu rex ipse Latinus. • 

Fatalem Aenean manifesto numine ferri, 
Admonet ira detim tumulique ante ora recentes. 
Ergo concilium magnum primosque suorum 
Imperio accitos alta intra limina cogit. 235 

Olli convenere, fluuntque ad regia plenis 
Tecta viis. Sedet in mediis et maximus aevo 
Et primus sceptris, haud laeta fronte, Latinus. 
Atque hie legatos Aetola ex urbe remissos, 
Quae referant, fari jubet, et responsa reposcit 240 

Ordine cuncta suo. Turn facta silentia Unguis, 
Et Yenulus dicto parens ita farier infit: 

"Vidimus, o cives, Diomedem Argivaque castra, 
Atque iter emensi casus superavimus omnes, 
Contigimusque manum, qua concidit Ilia tellus. 245 
Ille urbem Argyripam, patriae cognomine gentis, 
Victor Gargani condebat Iapygis arvis. 
Postquam introgressi et coram data copia fandi, 
Munera praeferimus, nomen patriamque docemus, 
Qui belluni intulerint, quae causa attraxerit Arpos. 250 
Auditib ille haec placido sic reddidit ore : 






VERGILI AENEIS XI. 235 

'0 fort una tae gentes, Saturnia regna, 
Antiqui Ausonii, quae vos fortuna quietos 
Sollicitat, suadetque ignota lacessere bella ? 
Quicumque Iliacos ferro violavimus agros, 255 

(Mitto ea, quae muris bellando exhausta sub altis, 
Quos Simois premat ille viros,) infanda per orbem 
Supplicia et scelerum poenas expendirous omnes, 
Yel Priamo miseranda manus ; scit triste Minervae 
Sidus, et Euboicae cautes, ultorque Caphereus. 260 
Militia ex ilia diversum ad litus abacti, 
Atrides Protei Menelaus ad usque columnas 
Exsulat, Aetnaeos vidit Cyclopas Ulixes. 
Ipse Mycenaeus magnorum ductor Achivurn 
Conjugis infandae prima intra limina dextra 265 

Oppetiit ; devictam Asiam subsedit adulter. 
Regna Neoptolemi referam, versosque penates 
Idomenei ? Libycone habitantes litore Locros ? 
Invidisse deos, patriis ut redditus aris 
Oonjugium optatum et pulchram Calydonaviderem? 2T0 
Nunc etiam horribili visu portenta sequuntur, 
Et socii amissi petierunt aethera pennis, 
Fluminibusque vagantur aves (heu dira meorum 
Supplicia !) et scopulos lacrimosis vocibus irnplent. 
Haec adeo ex illo mihi jam speranda fuerunt 215 

Tempore, quum ferro caelestia corpora demens 
Appetii et Veneris viola vi vulnere dextram. 
Ne vero, ne me ad tales impellite pugnas : 
Nee mihi cum Teucris ullum post eruta bellum 
Pergama, nee veterum memini laetorve malorum. 280 
Munera, quae patriis ad me portatis ab oris, 
Yertite ad Aenean. Stetimus tela aspera contra, 
Contulimusque manus : experto credite, quantus 
In clipeum assurgat, quo turbine torqueat hastam. 
Si duo praeterea tales Idaea tulisset 285 

Terra viros, ultro Inachias venisset ad urbes 
Dardanus, et versis lugeret Graecia fatis. 
Quidquid apud durae cessatum est moenia Trojae, 
Hectoris Aeneaeque manu victoria Graium 
Ha,esit et in decimum vestigia retulit annum. 290 



236 VERGILI AENEIS XI. 

Anibo animis, ambo insignes praestantibus armis ; 
Hie pietate prior. Coeant in foedefa dextrae, 
Qua datur ; ast armis concurrant arma cavete ! ' 
Et responsa simul quae sint, rex optime, regis 
Audisti, et quae sit magno sententia bello." 295 

Yix ea legati, variusque per ora cucurrit 
Ausonidum turbata fremor : ceu saxa morantur 
Quum rapidos anines, fit clauso gurgite murmur, 
Vicinaeque fremunt ripae crepitantibus undis. 
Ut primum placati animi, et trepida ora quierunt, 300 
Praefatus divos solio rex infit ab alto : 
" Ante equidem summa de re statuisse, Latini, 
Et vellem, et fuerat melius ; non tempore tali 
Cogere concilium, quum niuros assidet hostis. 
Bellum importunum, cives, cum gente deorum 305 

Invictisque viris gerimus, quos nulla fatigant 
Proelia, nee victi possunt absistere ferro. 
Spem si quam adscitis Aetolum habuistis in armis, 
Ponite. Spes sibi quisque ; sed haec quam angusta, videtis. 
Cetera qua rerum jaceant perculsa ruina, 310 

Ante oculos interque manus sunt omnia vestras. 
Nee quemquam incuso : potuit quae plurima virtus 
Esse, fuit ; toto certatum est corpore regni. 
Nunc adeo, quae sit dubiae sententia menti, 
Expediam et paucis — animos adhibete — docebo. 315 
Est antiquus ager Tusco mihi proximus amni, 
Longus in occasum, fines super usque Sicanos ; 
Aurunci Rutulique serunt, et vomere duros 
Exercent colles, atque horum asperrima pascunt. 
Haec omnis regio et celsi plaga pinea montis 320 

Cedat amicitiae Teucrorum ; et foederis aequas 
Dicamus leges, sociosque in regna vocemus ; 
Considant, si tantus amor, et moenia condant. 
Sin alios fines aliamque capessere gentem 
Est animus, possuntque solo decedere nostro, 325 

Bis denas Italo texamus robore naves, 
Seu plures complere valent ; (jacet omnis ad undam 
Materies ;) ipsi numerumque modumque carinis 



VERGILI AENEIS XI. 237 

Praecipiant, nos aera, manus, navalia demus. 

Praeterea, qui dicta ferant et foedera firment, 330 

Centum oratores prima de gente Latinos 

Ire placet, pacisque manu praetendere ramos, 

Munera portantes aurique eborisque talenta 

Et sellam regni trabeamque insignia nostri. 

Consulite in medium, et rebus succurrite fessis!" 335 

Turn Drances idem infensus, quern gloria Turni 
Obliqua invidia stimulisque agitabat amaris, 
Largus opum, et lingua melior, sed frigida bello 
Dextera, consiliis habitus non futilis auctor, 
Seditione potens, (genus huic materna superbum 340 
Nobilitas dabat, incertum de patre ferebat,) 
Surgit, et his onerat dictis atque aggerat iras : 
" Rem nulli obscuram, nostrae nee vocis egentem, 
Consulis, o bone rex. Cuncti se scire fatentur, 
Quid fortuna ferat populi ; sed dicere mussant. 345 

Det libertatem fandi, flatusque remittat, 
Cujus ob auspicium infaustum moresque sinistros 
(Dicam equidem, licet arma mihi mortemque minetur) 
Luniina tot cecidisse ducum totamque videmus 
Consedisse urbem luctu, dum Troia tentat 350 

Castra, fugae fidens, et caelum territat armis. 
Unum etiam donis istis, quae plurima mitti 
Dardanidis dicique jubes, unum, optime regum, 
Adjicias ; nee te ullius violentia vincat, 
Quin gnatam egregio genero dignisque hymenaeis 355 
Dek pater, et paceni hanc aeterno foedere firmes. 
Quod si tantus habet mentes et pectora terror, 
Ipsum obtestemur, veniamque oremus ab ipso, 
Cedat, jus proprium regi patriaeque remittat. 
Quid miseros toties in aperta pericula cives 360 

Projicis, o Latio caput horum et causa malorum? 
Nulla salus bello ; pacem te poscimus omnes, 
Turne, simul pacis solum inviolabile pignus. 
Primus ego, invisum quern tu tibi fingis (et esse 
Nil moror), en, supplex venio. Miserere tuorum, 365 
Pone aninios, et pulsus abi : sat funera fusi 



238 VERGILI AENEIS XI. 

Vidimus, ingentes et desolavimus agros. 

Aut, si fama mo vet, si tantum pectore robur 

Concipis, et si adeo dotalis regia cordi est, 

Aude, atque adversum fidens fer pectus in hostem. 310 

Scilicet, ut Turno contingat regia conjunx, 

Nos, animae viles, inhumata infletaque turba, 

Sternamur campis. Etiam tu, si qua tibi vis, 

Si patrii quid Martis habes, ilium aspice contra, 

Qui vocat ! " 3T5 

Talibus exarsit dictis violentia Turni ; 
Dat gemitum, rumpitque has imo pectore voces : 
" Larga quidem, Drance, semper tibi copia fandi 
Turn, quum bella manus poscunt ; patribusque vocatis 
Primus ades ; sed non replenda est curia verbis, 380 
Quae tuto tibi magna volant, dum distinet hostem 
Agger murorum, nee inundant sanguine fossae. 
Proinde tona eloquio, (solitum tibi,) meque timoris 
Argue tu, Drance, quando tot stragis acervos 
Teucrorum tua dextra dedit, passimque tropaeis 385 
Insignis agros. Possit quid vivida virtus, 
Experiare licet ; nee longe scilicet hostes 
Quaerendi nobis ; circumstant undique muros. 
Imus in ad versos ! — Quid cessas ? an tibi Mavors 
Yentosa in lingua pedibusque fugacibus istis 390 

Semper erit ? 

' Pulsus ' ego ? aut quisquam merito, foedissime, pulsum 
Arguet, Iliaco tumidum qui crescere Thybrim 
Sanguine, et Evandri totam cum stirpe videbit • 
Procubuisse domum, atque exutos Arcadas armis? 395 
Haud ita me experti Bitias et Pandarus ingens, 
Et quos mille die victor sub Tartara misi, 
Inclusus muris hostilique aggere septus. 
1 Nulla salus hello. ' Capiti cane talia, demens, 
Dardanio rebusque tuis. Proinde omnia magno 400 
Ne cessa turbare metu, atque extollere vires 
Gentis bis victae, contra premere arma Latini. 
Nunc et Myrmidonum proceres Phry gia arma tremescunt^ 
Nunc et Tydides et Larissaeus Achilles, 



VERGILI AEKEIS XI. 239 

Anmis et Hadriacas retro fugit Aufidus undas. 405 
Vel quuin se pavidurn contra mea jurgia fingit 
Artificis scelus, et formidine crimen acerbat : 
Numquam animam talem dextra hac — absiste mo\ eri— 

Amittes : habitet tecum, et sit pectore in isto 

Nunc ad te, et tua magna, pater, consulta revertor. 410 

Si null am nostris ultra spem ponis in armis, 

Si tarn deserti sumus, et semel agmine verso 

Funditus occidimus, neque habet Fortuna regressum, 

Oremus pacem, et dextras tendamus inertes. 

Quamquam o si solitae quidquam virtutis adesset ! 415 

Ille mihi ante alios fortunatusque laborum 

Egregiusque animi, qui, ne quid tale videret, 

Procubuit moriens, et humum semel ore momordit. 

Sin et opes nobis et adhuc intacta juventus, 

Auxilioque urbes Italae populique supersunt, 420 

Sin et Trojanis cum multo gloria venit 

Sanguine, (sunt illis sua funera, parque per omnes 

Tempestas :) cur indecores in limine primo 

Deficimus? cur ante tubam tremor occupat artus? 

Multa dies variique labor mutabilis aevi 425 

Retulit in melius ; multos alterna revisens 

Lusit et in solido rursus Fortuna locavit. 

Non erit auxilio nobis Aetolus et Arpi ; 

At Messapus erit, felixque Tolumnius, et quos 

Tot populi misere duces ; nee parva sequetur 430 

Gloria delectos Latio et Laurentibus agris. 

Est et Yolscorum egregia de gente Camilla, 

Agmen agens equitum et florentes aere catervas. 

Quodsi me solum Teucri in certamina poscunt, 

Idque placet, tantumque bonis communibus obsto, 435 

Non adeo has exosa manus Victoria fugit, 

Ut tanta quidquam pro spe tentare recusem. 

Ibo animis contra, vel magnum praestet Achillen, 

Factaque Vulcani manibus pari a induat arma 

[lie licet. Yobis animam hanc soceroque Latino 44 G 

Turnus ego, haud ulli veterum virtute secundus, 

Devovi. l Solum Aeneas vocaV Et vocet oro ; 

Nee Drances potius, sive est haec ira deorum, 

Morte luat, sive est virtus et gloria, toll at." 



240 VERGILI AENEIS XI. 

Illi haec inter se dubiis de rebus agebant 445 

Certantes ; castra Aeneas aciemque movebat. 
Nuntius ingenti per regia tecta tumultu 
Ecce ruit, magnisque urbem terroribus implet : 
Instructos acie Tiberino a flumine Teucros 
Tyrrhenamque manuni totis descendere campis. 450 
Extemplo turbati animi concussaque vulgi 
Pectora, et arrectae stimulis haad mollibus irae. 
Armamanu trepidi poscunt ; fremit arma juventus ; 
Flent maesti mussantque patres. Hie undique clamor 
Dissensu vario magnus se tollit in auras : 455 

Haud secus atque alto in luco quum forte catervae 
Consedere avium, piscosove amne Padusae 
Dant sonitum rauci per stagna loquacia eyeni. 
"Immo," ait, "o cives," arrepto tempore Turnus, 
"Cogite concilium, et pacem laudate sedentes; 460 

Illi armis in regna ruunt." Nee plura locutus 
Corripuit sese et tectis citus extulit altis. 
" Tu, Yoluse, armari Yolscorum edice maniplos, 
Due " ait " et Rutulos ! Equitem, Messapus, in armis, 
Et cum fratre Coras, latis diffundite campis ! 465 

Pars aditus urbis firmet, turresque capessat ; 
Cetera, qua jusso, mecum manus inferat arma!" 
Ilicet in muros tota discurritur urbe. 
Concilium ipse pater et magna incepta Latinus 
Deserit, ac tristi turbatus tempore differt, 470 

Multaque se incusat, qui non acceperit ultro 
Dardanium Aenean, generumque adsciverit urbi. 
Praefodiunt alii portas, aut saxa sudesque 
Subvectant. Bello dat signum rauca cruentum 
Buccina. Turn muros varia cinxere corona 475 

Matronae puerique : vocat labor ultimus omnes. 
Nee non ad templum summasque ad Palladis arces 
Subvehitur magna matrum regina caterva, 
Dona ferens, juxtaque comes Lavinia virgo, 
Causa mali tanti,* oculos dejecta decoros. 480 

Succedunt matres, et templum ture vaporant, 
Et maestas alto fundunt de limine voces : 
" Armipotens, praeses belli, Tritonia virgo, 






VERGILI AENEIS XI. 241 

Frange manu telum Phrygii praedonis, et ipsum 
Pronum sterne solo, portisque effunde sub altis." 485 
Cingitur ipse furens certatim in proelia Turnus ; 
Jam que adeo Rutulum thoraca indutus aenis 
Horrebat squarnis, surasque incluserat auro, 
Tempora nudus adhuc, laterique accinxerat ensem, 
Fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce, 490 

Exsultatque aniniis, et spe jam praecipit hostem: 
Qualis ubi abruptis fugit praesepia vinclis 
Tandem liber equus, campoque potitus aperto 
Aut ille in pastus armentaque tendit equarum, 
Aut, assuetus aquae perfundi flumine noto, 495 

Einicat, arrectisque fremit cervicibus alte 
Luxurians, luduntque jubae per colla, per armos. 
Obvia cui, Volscorum aeie comitante, Camilla 
Occurrit ; portisque ab equo regina sub ipsis 
Desiluit, quam tota cohors imitata relietis 500 

Ad terram defluxit equis; turn talia fatur: 
" Turne, sui merito si qua est fiducia forti, 
Audeo et Aeneadimi promitto occurrere turmae, 
Solaque Tyrrhenos equites ire obvia contra. 
Me sine prima manu tentare pericula belli ; 505 

Tu pedes ad muros subsiste, et moenia serva." 
Turnus ad'haec, oculos horrenda in virgine fixus: 
" decus Italiae virgo, quas dicere grates 
Quasve referre parem ? Sed nunc, est omnia quando 
Iste animus supra, mecum partire laborem. 510 

Aeneas, ut fama fidem missique reportant 
Exploratores, equitum levia improbus arma 
Praemisit, quaterent campos ; ipse, ardua montis 
Per deserta jugo superans, adventat ad urbem. 
Furta paro belli convexo in tramite silvae, 515 

Ut bivias armato obsidam milite fauces. 
Tu Tyrrhenum equitem collatis excipe signis. 
Tecum acer Messapus erit, turmaeque Latinae, 
Tiburtique manus ; ducis et tu concipe curam." 
Sic ait, et paribus Messapum in proelia dictis 520 

Hortatur sociosque duces, et pergit in hostem. 
Est curvo anfractu valles, accommoda fraudi 
16 Vir. 



242 VERGILI AENEIS XI. 

Armorurnque dolis, quam densis frondibus atrum 
Urget ntrimque latus, tenuis quo semita ducit, 
Angustaeque ferunt fauces aditusque maligni ; 525 

Hanc super in speculis summoque in vertice montis 
Planities ignota jacet, tutique receptus, 
Seu dextra laevaque velis occurrere pugnae, 
Sive instare jugis et grandia volvere saxa. 
Hue juvenis nota fertur regione viarum, 530 

Arripuitque locum et silvis insedit iniquis. 

Velocem interea superis in sedibus Opim, 
TJnam ex virginibus sociis sacraque caterva, 
Cpmpellabat et has tristes Latonia voces 
Ore dabat: " Graditur bellum ad crudele Camilla, 535 
O virgo, et nostris nequidquam cingitur armis, 
Cara mihi ante alias." (Neque enim novus iste Dianae 
Venit amor, subitaque animum dulcedine movit. 
Pulsus ob invidiam regno viresque superbas 
Priverno antiqua Metabus quum excederet urbe, 540 
Infantem fugiens media inter proelia belli 
Sustulit exsilio comitem, matrisque vocavit 
Nomine Casmillae, mutata parte, Camillam. 
Ipse sinu prae se portans, juga longa petebat 
Solorum nemorum ; tela undique saeva premebant, 545 
Et circumfuso volitabant milite Yolsci. 
Ecce, fugae medio, summis Amasenus abundans 
Spumabat ripis ; tantus se nubibus imber 
Ruperat. Ille, innare parans, infantis amore 
Tardatur, caroque oneri timet. Omnia secum 550 

Versanti subito vix haec sententia sedit : 
Telum immane, manu valida quod forte gerebat 
Bellator, solidum nodis et robore cocto, 
Huic natam, libro et silvestri subere clausam, 
Implicat, atque habilem mediae circumligat hastae;555 
Quam dextra ingenti librans ita ad aethera fatur : 
" Alma, tibi hanc, nemorum cultrix, Latonia virgo, 
Ipse pater famulam voveo ; tua prima per auras 
Tela tenens supplex hostem fugit : accipe, testor, 
Diva, tuam, quae nunc dubiis committitur auris." 560 



VERGILI AENEIS XI. 243 

Dixit, et adducto contortum hastile lacerto 
Immittit : sonuere undae ; rapidum super amnem 
Infelix fugit in jaculo stridente Camilla. 
At Metabus, magna propius jam urgente eaterva, 
Dat sese fluvio, atque hastam cum virgine victor 565 
Gramineo, donum Triviae, de cespite vellit. 
Non ilium tectis ullae, non moenibus urbes 
Accepere, neque ipse manus feritate dedisset ; 
Pastorum et solis exegit montibus aevum. 
Hie natam in dumis interque horrentia lustra 510 

Armentalis equae mammis et lacte ferino 
Nutribat, teneris immulgens ubera labris. 
Utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis 
Institerat, jaculo palmas armavit acuto, 
Spiculaque ex humero parvae suspendit et arcum. 5T5 
Pro crinali auro, pro longae tegmine pallae, 
Tigridis exuviae per dorsum a vertice pendent. 
Tela manu jam turn tenera puerilia torsit, 
Et fundam tereti circum caput egit habena, 
Strynioniamque gruem, aut album dejecit olorem. 580 
Multae illam frustra Tyrrhena per oppida matres 
Optavere nurum ; sola contenta Diana 
Aeternum telorum et virginitatis amorem 
Intemerata colit.) " Vellem haud correpta fuisset 
Militia tali, conata lacessere Teucros : 585 

Cara mihi comitumque foret nunc una mearum. 
Verum age, quandoquidem fatis urgetur acerbis, 
Labere, Nympha, polo, finesque invise Latinos, 
Tristis ubi infausto committitur omine pugna. 
Haec cape, et ultricem pharetra deprome sagittam : 590 
Hac, quicumque sacrum violarit vulnere corpus, 
Tros Italusve, mihi pariter det sanguine poenas. 
Post ego nube cava miserandae corpus et arma 
Inspoliata feram tumulo, patriaeque reponam." 
Dixit ; at ilia, leves caeli delapsa per auras, 595 

Insonuit, nigro circumdata turbine corpus. 

At manus interea muris Trojana propinquat, 
Etruscique duces, equitumque exercitus omnis, 



244 VERGILI AENEIS XI. 

Conipositi numero in turmas. Fremit aequore toto 

Insultans sonipes, et pressis pugnat habenis 600 

Hue conversus et hue ; tum late ferreus hastis 

Horret ager, campique armis sublimibus ardent. 

Nee non Messapus contra celeresque Latini 

Et cum fratre Coras et virginis ala Camillae 

Adversi campo apparent, hastasque reductis 605 

Protendunt longe dextris, et spicula vibrant ; 

Adventusque virum fremitusque ardescit equorum. 

Jaraque intra jactum teli progressus uterque 

Substiterat ; subito erumpunt claruore, furentesque 

Exhortantur equos ; fundunt simul undique tela, 610 

Crebra, nivis ritu, caelumque obtexitur umbra. 

Continuo adversis. Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus 

Connixi incurrunt hastis, primique ruina 

Dant sonitum ingenti, perfractaque quadrupedantum 

Pectora pectoribus rumpunt. Excussus Aconteus 615 

Fulminis in morem aut tormento ponderis acti, 

Praecipitat longe, et vitam dispergit in auras. 

Extemplo turbatae acies, versique Latini 

Rejiciunt parmas et equos ad moenia vertunt. 

Troes agunt ; princeps turmas inducit Asilas. 620 

Jamque propinquabant portis ; rursusque Latini 

Clamorem tollunt, et mollia colla reflectunt: 

Hi fugiunt, penitusque datis referuntur habenis. 

Qualis ubi alterno procurrens gurgite pontus 

Nunc ruit ad terram, scopulosque superjacit unda 625 

Spumeus, extremamque sinu perfundit arenam, 

Nunc rapidus retro atque aestu revoluta resorbens 

Saxa fugit, litusque vado labente relinquit : 

Bis Tusci Kutulos egere ad moenia versos ; 

Bis rejecti armis respectant terga tegentes. 630 

Tertia sed postquam congressi in proelia, totas 

Implicuere inter se acies, legitque virum vir : 

Tum vero et gemitus morientum, et sanguine in alto 

Armaque corporaque et permixti caede virorum 

Semianimes volvuntur equi ; pugna aspera surgit. 635 

Orsilochus Remuli, quando ipsum horrebat adire, 

Hastam intorsit equo, ferrumque sub aure reliquit : 






VERGILI AENEIS XI. 245 

Quo sonipes ictu furit arduus, altaque jactat 
Yulneris impatiens arrecto pectore crura : 
Volvitur ille excussus humi. Catillus Iollan 640 

Ingentemque animis, ingentem corpore et armis 
Dejicit Herminium, nudo cui vertice fulva 
Caesaries, nudique humeri; nee vulnera torrent: 
Tantus in arma patet. Latos huic hasta per armos 
Acta tremit, duplicatque virum transfixa dolore. 645 
Funditur ater ubique cruor ; dant funera ferro 
Certantes pulchrarnque petunt per vulnera mortem. 

At medias inter caedes exsultat Amazon, 
Unum exserta latus pugnae, pharetrata Camilla ; 
Et nunc lenta manu spargens hastilia denset, 650 

Nunc validani dextra rapit indefessa bipennem ; 
Aureus ex humero sonat arcus et arma Dianae. 
Ilia etiam, si quando in tergum pulsa recessit, 
Spicula converso fugientia dirigit arcu. 
At circum lectae comites, Larinaque -virgo 655 

Tullaque et aeratam quatiens Tarpeia securim, 
Italides, quas ipsa decus sibi dia Camilla 
Delegit, pacisque bonas bellique ministras : 
Quales Threiciae quum flumina Thermodontis 
Pulsant et pictis bellantur Amazones armis, 660 

Seu circum Hippolyten, seu quum se Martia curru 
Penthesilea refert, magnoque ululante tumultu 
Feminea exsultant lunatis agmina peltis. 
Quern telo primum, quern postremum, aspera virgo, 
Dejicis ? aut quot humi morientia corpora fundis ? 665 
Euneum Clytio primum patre ; cujus apertum 
Adversi longa transverberat abiete pectus. 
Sanguinis ille vomens rivos cadit, atque cruentam 
Mandit humum, moriensque suo se in vulnere versat. 
Turn Lirim, Pagasumque super ; quorum alter habenas 
Suffosso revolutus equo dum colligit, alter 6tl 

Dum subit ac dextram labenti tendit inermem, 
Praecipites pariterque ruunt. His addit Amastrum 
Hippotaden, sequiturque incumbens eminus hasta 
Tereaque Harpalycumque et Demophoonta Chrominqae; 



246 VERGILI AENEIS XI. 

Quotque emissa manu contorsit spicula virgo, 676 

Tot Phrygii cecidere viri. Procul Ornytus armis 

Ignotis et equo venator Iapyge fertur, 

Cui pellis latos humeros erepta juvenco 

Pugnatori operit, caput ingens oris hiatus 680 

Et malae texere lupi cum dentibus albis, 

Agrestisque manus armat sparus ; ipse catervis 

Yertitur in niediis, et toto vertice supra est. 

Hunc ilia exceptum (neque enim labor agmine verso) 

Trajicit, et super haec inimico pectore fatur: 685 

" Silvis te, Tyrrhene, feras agitare putasti ? 

Advenit qui vestra dies muliebribus armis 

Verba redarguerit. Nomen tamen haud leve patrum 

Manibus hoc referes, telo cecidisse Camillae." 

Protenus Orsilochum et Buten, duo maxima Teucrum 690 

Corpora: sed Buten aversum cuspide fixit 

Loricam galeamque inter, qua colla sedentis 

Lucent, et laevo dependet parma lacerto ; 

Orsilochum, fugiens magnumque agitata per orbem, 

Eludit gyro interior, sequiturque sequentem ; 695 

Turn validam perque arma viro perque ossa securim, 

Altior exsurgens, oranti et multa precanti 

Congeminat : vulnus calido rigat ora cerebro. 

Incidit huic, subitoque aspectu territus haesit 

Apenninicolae bellator films Auni, TOO 

Haud Ligurum extremus, dum fallere fata sinebant. 

Isque, ubi se nullo jam cursu evadere pugnae 

Posse neque instantem reginam avertere cernit, 

Consilio versare dolos ingressus et astu, 

Incipit haec : " Quid tarn egregium, si femina forti 105 

Fidis equo ? Dimitte fugam, et te comminus aequo 

Mecum crede solo, pugnaeque accinge pedestri : 

Jam nosces, ventosa ferat cui gloria fraudem." 

Dixit ; at ilia furens acrique accensa dolore 

Tradit equum comiti, paribusque resistit in armis, 710 

Ense pedes nudo, puraque interrita parma. 

At juvenis, vicisse dolo ratus, avolat ipse, 

Haud mora, conversisque fugax aufertur habenis, 

Quadrupedemque citum ferrata calce fatigat. 



VERGILI AENEIS XI. 247 

"Vane Ligus, frustraque animis elate superbis, 715 
Nequidquani patrias tentasti lubricus artes, 
Nee fraus te incolumem fallaci perferet Auno." 
Haec fatur virgo, et pernicibus ignea plantis 
Transit equum cursu, frenisque adversa prehensis 
Congreditur poenasque inimico ex sanguine sumit : 720 
Quam facile accipiter saxo sacer ales ab alto 
Consequitur pennis subliinem in nube columbam, 
Comprensamque tenet, pedibusque eviscerat uncis ; 
Turn cruor et vulsae labuntur ab ae there plumae. 

At non haec nullis hominum sator atque deorum 725 
Observans oculis summo sedet altus Olynipo : 
Tyrrhenuni genitor Tarchonem in proelia saeva 
Suscitat, et sthnulis haud niollibus injicit iras. 
Ergo inter caedes cedentiaque agmina Tarchon 
Fertur equo, variisque instigat vocibus alas, 730 

Nomine quemque vocans, reficitque in proelia pulsos. 
" Quis metus, o numquam dolituri, o semper inertes 
Tyrrheni, quae tanta animis ignavia venit ? 
Feinina palantes agit, atque haec agmina vertitl 
Quo ferrum, quidve haec gerimus tela irrita dextris ? 735 
At non in Venerem segnes nocturnaque bella, 
Aut, ubi curva choros indixit tibia Bacchi, 
Exspectate dapes et plenae pocula mensae, 
(Hie amor, hoc studium,) dum sacra secundus haruspex 
Nuntiet, ac lucos vocet hostia pinguis in altos." 740 
Haec effatus, equum in medios, moriturus et ipse, 
Concitat, et Yenulo adversum se turbidus infert, 
Dereptumque ab equo dextra complectitur hostem, 
Et gremium ante suum multa vi concitus aufert. 
Tollitur in caelum clamor, cunctique Latini 745 

Convertere oculos. Yolat igneus aequore Tarchon, 
Arma virumque ferens ; turn summa ipsius ab hasta 
Defringit ferrum, et partes rimatur apertas, 
Qua vulnus letale ferat ; contra ille repugnans 
Sustinet a jugulo dextram, et vim viribus exit. 750 

TJtque vol an s alte rap turn quum fulva draconem 
Fert aquiia, implicuitque pedes, atque unguibus haesit, 



248 VERGILI AENEIS XI. 

Saucius at serpens sinuosa volumina versat, 
Arrectisque horret squamis, et sibilat ore, 
Arduus insurgens ; ilia haud minus urget obuneo 755 
Luctantem rostro, simul aethera verberat alis : 
Haud aliter praedam Tiburtum ex agmine Tarchon 
Portat ovans. Ducis exemplum eventumque secuti 
Maeonidae incurrunt. Turn fatis debitus Arruns 
Yelocem jaculo et multa prior arte Camillam 760 

Circuit, et, quae sit fortuna facillima, tentat. 
Qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine virgo, 
Hac Arruns subit, et taeitus vestigia lustrat ; 
Qua victrix redit ilia pedemque ex hoste reportat, 
Hac juvenis furtim celeres detorquet habenas. 765 

Hos aditus, jamque hos aditus omnemque pererrat 
Undique circuitum, et certam quatit improbus hastam. 
Forte sacer Cybelae Chloreus, olimque sacerdos, 
Insignis longe Phrygiis fulgebat in armis, 
Spumantemque agitabat equum, quern pellis aenis 770 
In plumam squamis auro conserta tegebat ; 
Ipse, peregrina ferrugine clarus et ostro, 
Spicula torquebat Lyeio Gortynia cornu ; 
Aureus ex humeris sonat arcus, et aurea vati 
Cassida; turn croceam chlamydemque sinusque cre- 
pantes 775 

Carbaseos fulvo in nodum collegerat auro, 
Pictus acu tunicas et barbara tegmina crurum. 
Hunc virgo, sive ut templis praefigeret arma 
Troia, captivo sive ut se ferret in auro 
Yenatrix, unum ex omni certamine pugnae 780 

Caeca sequebatur, totumque incauta per agmen 
Femineo praedae et spoliorum ardebat amore : 
Telum ex insidiis quum tandem tempore capto 
Concitat et superos Arruns sic voce precatur : 
" Summe detim, sancti custos Soractis Apollo, 785 

Quern primi colimus, cui pineus ardor acervo 
Pascitur, et medium freti pietate per ignem 
Cultores multa premimus vestigia prima, 
Da, pater, hoc nostris aboleri dedecus armis, 



VERGILI AENEIS XI. 249: 

Omnipotens. Non exuvias pulsaeve tropaeum N 790 

Virginis aut spolia ulla peto ; mihi cetera laudem 

Facta fere.nt : haec dira meo dum vulnere pestis 

Pulsa cadat, patrias remeabo inglorius urbes." 

Audiit et voti Phoebus succedere partem 

Mente dedit, partem volucres dispersit in auras: 795 

Stemeret ut subita turbatam morte Camillam, 

Adnuit oranti ; reducem ut patria alta videret, 

Non dedit, inque Notos vocem vertere procellae. 

Ergo, ut missa manu sonitum dedit hasta per auras, 

Con vertere anirnos acres oculosque tulere 800. 

Cuncti ad reginam Yolsci. Nihil ipsa nee aurae 

Nee sonitus memor aut venientis ab aethere teli, 

Hasta sub exsertam donee perlata papillam 

Haesit, virgineumque alte bibit acta cruorem. 

Concurrunt trepidae comites, dominamque ruentem 805 

Suscipiunt. Fugit ante omnes exterritus Arruns, 

Laetitia mixtoque metu, nee jam amplius hastae 

Credere nee telis occurrere virginis audet. 

Ac velut ille, prius quam tela inimica sequantur, 

Continuo in montes sese avius abdidit altos 810 

Occiso pastore lupus magnove juvenco, 

Conscius audacis facti, caudamque remulcens 

Subjecit pavitantem utero, silvasque petivit : 

Haud secus ex oculis se turbidus abstulit Arruns, 

Contentusque fuga mediis se immiscuit armis. 815 

Ilia manu moriens telum trahit ; ossa sed inter 

Ferreus ad costas alto stat vulnere mucro. 

Labitur exsanguis, labuntur frigida leto 

Lumina, purpureus quondam color ora reliquit. 

Turn sic exspirans Accam, ex aequalibus unam, 820 

Alloquitur, fidam ante alias, quae sola Camillae, 

Quicum partiri curas ; atque haec ita fatur : 

" Hactenus, Acca soror, potui ; nunc vulnus acerbum 

Conficit, et tenebris nigrescunt omnia circum. 

Effuge et haec Turno mandata novissima perfer : 825 

Succedat pugnae Trojanosque arceat urbe. 

Jamque yale." Simul his dictis linquebat habenas, 



250 VERGILI AENEIS XI. 

Ad terram non sponte Aliens. Tum frigida toto 
Paulatim exsolvit se corpore, lentaque colla 
Et captum leto posuit caput, arma relinquens, 830 

Vitaque cum gemitu fugit indignata sub umbras. 
Tum vero immensus surgens ferit aurea clamor 
Sidera; dejecta crudescit pugna Camilla; 
Incurrunt densi simul omnis copia Teucrum 
Tyrrhenique duces Evandrique Arcades alae. 835 

At Triviae custos jam dudum in montibus Opis 
Alta sedet summis, spectatque interrita pugnas. 
Utque procul medio juvenum in clamore furentum 
Prospexit tristi multatam morte Caraillam, 
Ingemuitque deditque has imo pectore voces : 840 

" Heu nimium, virgo, nimium crudele luisti 
Supplicium, Teucros conata lacessere bello ! 
Nee tibi desertae in dumis coluisse Dianam 
Profuit, aut nostras humero gessisse sagittas. 
Non tamen indecorem tua te regina reliquit 845 

Extrema jam in morte, neque hoc sine nomine letum 
Per gentes erit, aut famam patieris inultae : 
Nam quicumque tuum violavit vulnere corpus, 
Morte luet merita." Fuit ingens monte sub alto 
Regis Dercenni terreno ex aggere bustum 850 

Antiqui Laurentis, opacaque ilice tectum ; 
Hie dea se primum rapido pulcherrima nisu 
Sistit, et Arruntem tumulo speculatur ab alto. 
Ut vidit laetantem animis ac vana tumentem, 
" Cur, " inquit, " diversus abis ? Hue dirige gressum, 855 
Hue periture veni, capias ut digna Camillae 
Praemia. Tune etiam telis moriere Dianae ? " 
Dixit, et aurata volucrem Threissa sagittam 
Deprompsit pharetra, cornuque infensa tetendit, 
Et duxit longe, donee curvata coirent 860 

Inter se capita, et manibus jam tangeret aequis, 
Laeva aciem ferri, dextra nervoque papillam. 
Extemplo teli stridorem aurasque sonantes 
Audiit una Arruns, haesitque in corpore ferrum. 






YERGILI AENEIS XI. 251 

Ilium exspirantem socii atque extreraa gementem 865 
Obliti ignoto camporum in pulvere linquunt ; 
Opis ad aetherium pennis aufertur Olynipum. 

Prima fugit, domina amissa, levis ala Camillae, 
Turbati fugiunt Rutuli, fugit acer Atinas, 
Disjectique duces desolatique manipli 870 

Tuta petunt, et equis aversi ad moenia tendunt. 
Nee quisquam instantes Teucros letumque ferentes 
Sustentare valet telis, aut sistere contra ; 
Sed laxos referunt humeris languentibus arcus, 874 
Quadrupedumque putrem cursu quatit ungula campum. 
Volvitur ad muros caligine turbidus atra 816 

Pulvis, et e speculis percussae pectora matres 
Pemineum clamorem ad caeli sidera tollunt. 
Qui cursu portas primi irrupere patentes, 
Hos inimica super mixto premit agmine turba ; 880 
Nee miser am effugiunt mortem, sed limine in ipso, 
Moenibus in patriis atque inter tuta domorum 
Confixi exspirant animas. Pars claudere portas : 
Nee sociis aperire viam, nee moenibus audent 
Accipere orantes ; oriturque miserrima caedes 885 

Defendentum armis aditus, inque arma ruentum. 
Exclusi, ante oculos lacrimantumque ora parentum, 
Pars in praecipites fossas urgente ruina 
Volvitur, immissis pars caeca et concita frenis 
Arietat in portas et duros objice postes. 890 

Ipsae de muris summo certamine matres, 
(Monstrat amor verus patriae,) ut videre Camillam, 
Tela nianu trepidae jaciunt, ac robore duro 
Stipitibus ferrum sudibusque imitantur obustis 
Praecipites, primaeque mori pro moenibus ardent 895 

Interea Turnum in silvis saevissimus implet 
Nuntius, et juveni ingentem fert Acca tumultum : 
Deletas Volscorum acies, cecidisse Camillam, 
Ingruere infensos hostes, et Marte secundo 
Omnia corripuisse, metum jam ad moenia ferri. 900 



252 VERGILI AENEIS XI. 

Ille furens (et saeva Jovis sic numina poscunt) 
Deserit obsessos colles, nemora aspera linquit. 
Vix e conspectu exierat campumque tenebat, 
Quum pater Aeneas, saltus ingressus apertos, 
Exsuperatque jugum silvaque evadit opaca. 905 

Sic ambo ad muros rapidi totoque feruntur 
Agmine, nee longis inter se passibus absunt ; 
Ac simul Aeneas fumantes pulvere campos 
Prospexit longe, Laurentiaque agmina vidit, 
Et saevum Aenean agnovit Turnus in armis, 910 

Adventumque pedum flatusque audivit equorum. 
Continuoqne ineant pugnas et proelia tentent, 
Ni roseus fessos jam gurgite Phoebus Hibero 
Tinguat equos noctemque die labente reducat : 
Considunt castris ante urbem et moenia valiant. 915 




P. VERGILI MARONIS 

A. ENEIDOS. 

LIBER DUODECIMUS. 

Turnus ut infractos adverso Marte Latinos 
Defecisse videt, sua nunc promissa reposci, 
Se signari oculis, ultro implacabilis ardet, 
Attollitque animos. Poenorum qualis in arvis, 
Saucius ille gravi venantum vulnere pectus, 5 

Turn demum movet arma leo, gaudetque comantes 
Excutiens cervice toros, fixumque latronis 
Impavidus frangit telum, et fremit ore cruento : 
Haud secus accenso gliscit violentia Turno. 
Turn sic affatur regem, atque ita turbidus infit: 10 

" Nulla mora in Turno ; nihil est quod dicta retractent 
Ignavi Aeneadae, nee, quae pepigere, recusent. 
Congredior. Fer sacra, pater, et concipe foedus. 
Aut hac Dardanium dextra sub Tartara mittam, 
Desertorem Asiae, (sedeant spectentque Latini,) 15 
Et solus ferro crimen commune refellam, 
Aut habeat victos, cedat Lavinia conjunx." 

Olli sedato respondit corde Latinus : 
" O praestans animi juvenis, quantum ipse feroci 
Virtute exsuperas, tanto me impensius aequum est 20 
Consulere, atque onines metuentem expendere casus. 
Sunt tibi regna patris Dauni, sunt oppida capta 
Multa manu ; nee non aurumque animusque Latino est ; 
Sunt aliae innuptae Latio et Laurentibus agris, 

( 253 ) 



254 VERGILI AENEIS XII. 

Nee genus indecores. Sine me haec haud mollia fatu 25 

Sublatis aperire dolis, simul hoc animo hauri : 

Me natam nulli veterum sociare procoruni 

Pas erat, idque omnes divique hominesque canebant ; 

Victus aniore tui, cognato sanguine victus, 

Conjugis et maestae lacrimis, vincla omnia rupi, SO 

Promissam eripui genero, arma impia sumpsi. 

Ex illo qui me casus, quae, Turne, sequantur 

Bella, vides, quantos primus patiare labores. 

Bis magna victi pugna vix urbe tuemur 

Spes Italas ; recalent nostro Thybrina fluenta 35 

Sanguine adhuc, campique ingentes ossibus albent. 

Quo referor toties ? quae mentem insania mutat ? 

Si Turno exstincto socios sum adscire paratus, 

Cur non incolumi potius certamina tollo ? 

Quid consanguinei Rutuli, quid cetera dicet 40 

Italia, ad mortem si te (Fors dicta refutet !) 

Prodiderim, natam et connubia nostra petentem ? 

Respice res bello varias ; miserere parentis 

Longaevi, quern nunc maestum patria Ardea longe 

Dividit." Haudquaquam dictis violentia Turni 45 

Plectitur ; exsuperat magis, aegrescitque medendo. 

Ut primum fari potuit, sic institit ore : 

" Quam pro me curam geris, hanc precor, optime, pro me 

Deponas, letumque sinas pro laude pacisci : 

Et nos tela, pater, ferrumque haud debile dextra 50 

Spargimus ; et nostro sequitur de vulnere sanguis. 

Longe illi dea mater erit, quae nube fugacem 

Feminea tegat, et vanis sese occulat umbris." 

At regina, nova pugnae conterrita sorte, 
Flebat, et ardentem generum m oritur a tenebat: 55 

" Turne, per has ego te lacrimas, per si quis Amatae 
Tangit honos animum, (spes tu nunc una, senectae 
Tu requies miserae ; decus imperiumque Latini 
Te penes ; in te omnis domus inclinata recumbit,) 
Unum oro : desiste manum committere Teucris. 60 

Qui te cumque manent isto certamine casus, 
Et me, Turne, manent: sinrul haec invisa relinquam 



VERGILI AEISTEIS XII. 255 

Jjumina, nee genermn Aenean captiva videbo." 

Accepit vocem lacrimis Lavinia matris 

Flagrantes perfusa genas, cui plurimus ignem 65 

Subjecit rubor, et calefacta per ora cucurrit. 

Induin sanguineo veluti vioiaverit ostro 

Si quis ebur, aut mixta rubent ubi lilia multa 

Alba rosa : tales virgo dabat ore colores. 

Ilium turbat amor, figitque in virgine vultus : 70 

Ardet in arma magis, paucisque affatur Amatam : 

" Ne, quaeso, ne me lacrimis neve omine tanto 

Prosequere in duri certamina Martis euntem, 

mater : neque enim Turno mora libera mortis. 

Nuntius baec, Idmon, Phrygio mea dicta tyranno 75 

Haud placitura refer : Quum primum crastina caelo 

Puniceis invecta rotis Aurora rubebit, 

Non Teucros agat in Rutulos ; Teucrum arma quiescant," 

Et Rutuli : nostro dirimamus sanguine bellum ; 

Illo quaeratur conjunx Lavinia campo." 80 

Haec ubi dicta dedit, rapidusque in tecta recessit, 
Poscit equos, gaudetque tuens ante ora frementes, 
Pilumno quos ipsa decus dedit Orithyia, 
Qui candore nives anteirent, cursibus auras. 
Circumstant properi aurigae, manibusque lacessunt 85 
Pectora plausa cavis, et colla comantia pectunt. 
Ipse dehinc auro squalentem alboque orichalco 
Circumdat loricam hurneris ; simul aptat habendo 
Ensemque clipeumque et rubrae cornua cristae ; 
Ensem, quern Dauno ignipotens deus ipse parenti 90 
Fecerat et Stygia candentem tinxerat unda. 
Exin, quae mediis ingenti annixa columnae 
Aedibus adstabat, validam vi corripit bastam, 
Actoris Aurunci spolium, quassatque trementem, 
Vociferans : " Nunc, o numquam frustrata vocatus 95 
Hasta meos, nunc tempus adest : te maximus Actor, 
Te Turni nunc dextra gerit : da sternere corpus 
Loricamque manu valida lacerare revulsam 
Semiviri Pbrygis, et foedare in pulvere crines 
Vibratos calido ferro myrrbaque madentes. ,, 100 



256 VERGILI AENEIS XIL 

His agitur furiis, totoque ardentis ab ore 
Scintillae absistunt, oculis micat acribus ignis : 
Mugitus veluti quum primum in proelia taurus 
Terrificos ciet atque irasci in cornua tentat, 
Arboris obnixus trunco, ventosque lacessit 105 

Ictibus, aut sparsa ad pugnam proludit arena. 

Nee minus interea maternis saevus in armis 
Aeneas acuit Martem et se suscitat ira, 
Oblato gaudens componi foedere bellum. 
Turn socios maestique metum solatur Iuli, 110 

Fata docens, regique jubet responsa' Latino 
Certa referre viros, et pacis dicere leges. 

Postera vix summos spargebat lifmine montes 
Orta dies, quum primum alto se gurgite tollunt 
Solis equi, lucemque elatis naribus efflant: 115 

Campum ad certamen magnae sub moenibus urbis 
Dimensi Rutulique viri Teucrique parabant, 
In medioque focos et dis communibus aras 
Gramineas. Alii fontemque ignemque ferebant, 
Velati limo, et verbena tempora vincti. 120 

Procedit legio Ausonidum, pilataque plenis 
Agmina se fundunt portis. Hinc Troius omnis 
Tyrrhenusque ruit variis exercitus armis, 
Haud secus instructi ferro, quam si aspera Martis 
Pugna vocet. Nee non mediis in milibus ipsi 125 

Ductores auro volitant ostroque superbi, 
Et genus Assaraci Mnestheus, et fortis Asilas, 
Et Messapus equum domitor, Neptunia proles. 
Utque, dato signo, spatia in sua quisque recessit, 
Defigunt tellure hastas et scuta reclinant. 130 

Turn studio effusae matres et vulgus inermum 
Invalidique senes turres et tecta domorum 
Obsedece, alii portis sublimibus adstant. 

At Juno e summo, qui nunc Albanus habetur, 
(Turn neque nomen erat nee honos aut gloria monti,) 135 
Prospiciens tumulo campum aspectabat et arabas 



VERGILI AENEIS XII. 257 

Laurentuni Troumque acies urbemque Latin i. 
Externplo Turni sic est affata sororem, 
Diva deam, stagnis quae fluminibusque sonoris 
Praesidet, (hunc illi rex aetheris altus honorem 140 
Jupiter erepta pro virginitate sacravit :) 
" Nympha, decus fluviorurn, animo gratissima nostro, 
Scis, ut te cunctis unam, quaecumque Latinae 
Magnanirni Jovis ingratum ascendere cubiie, 
Praetulerim, caelique libens in parte locarim: 145 

Disce tuum, ne me incuses, Juturna, dolorern. 
Qua visa est Fortuna pati, Parcaeque sinebant 
Cedere res Latio, Turnum et tua moenia texi ; 
Nunc juvenem imparibus video concurrere fatis, 
Parcarumque dies et vis inimica propinquat. 150 

Non pugnam aspicere hane oculis, non foedera possum ; 
Tu, pro germano si quid praesentius audes, 
Perge: decet. Forsan miseros meliora sequentur." 
Vix ea, quum lacrimas oculis Juturna profudit, 
Terque quaterque manu pectus percussit honestum. 155 
" Non lacrimis hoc tempus," ait Saturnia Juno ; 
" Accelera, et fratrem, si quis modus, eripe morti, 
Aut tu bella cie, conceptumque excute foedus. 
Auctor ego audendi." Sic exhortata reliquit 
Incertam et tristi turbatam vulnere mentis. 160 

Interea reges — ingenti mole Latinus 
Quadrijugo vehitur curru, cui tempora circum 
Aurati bis sex radii fulgentia cingunt, 
Solis avi specimen ; bigis it Turnus in albis, 
Bina manu lato crispans hastilia ferro ; 165 

Hinc pater Aeneas, Romanae stirpis origo, 
Sidereo flagrans clipeo et caelestibus armis, 
Et juxta Ascanius, magnae spes altera Romae, 
Procedunt castris ; puraque in veste sacerdos 
Sctigeri fetum suis intonsamque bidentem 170 

Attulit, admovitque pecus flagrantibus aris. 
Illi, ad surgentem conversi lumina solem, 
Dant fruges manibus salsas, et tempora ferro 
Summa notant pecudum, paterisque altaria libant. 
17 Vir. 



258 VERGILI AENEIS XII. 

Turn pius Aeneas stricto sic ense precatur: 115 

" Esto nunc Sol testis et haec mihi Terra vocanti, 

Quam propter tantos potui perferre labores, 

Et Pater omnipotens, et tu, Saturnia conjunx, 

Jam melior, jam, diva, precor; tuque, inclute Mavors, 

Cuncta tuo qui bella, pater, sub numine torques ; 180 

Fontesque Fluviosque voco, quaeque aetheris alti 

Religio, et quae caeruleo sunt numina ponto : 

Cesserit Ausonio si fors victoria Turno, 

Convenit, Evandri victos discedere ad urbem ; 

Cedet lulus agris ; nee post arma ulla rebelles 185 

Aeneadae referent, ferrove haec regna lacessent. 

Sin nostrum adnuerit nobis Victoria Martem, 

(Ut potius reor, et potius di numine firment,) 

Non ego nee Teucris Italos parere jubebo, 

Nee mihi regna peto; paribus se legibus ambae 190 

Invictae gentes aeterna in foedera mittant. 

Sacra deosque dabo ; socer arma Latinus habeto, 

Imperium sollemne socer; mihi moenia Teucri 

Constituent, urbique dabit Lavinia nomen." 

Sic prior Aeneas ; sequitur sic deinde Latinus, 195 

Suspiciens caelum, tenditque ad sidera dextram : 

" Haec eadem, Aenea, Terrain, Mare, Sidera, juro, 

Latonaeque genus duplex, Janumque bifrontem, 

Yimque deum infernam et duri sacwaria Ditis ; 

Audiat haec Genitor, qui foedera fulmine sancit. 200 

Tango aras, medios ignes et numina testor : 

Nulla dies pacem hanc Italis nee foedera rumpet, 

Quo res cumque cadent ; nee me vis ulla volentem 

Avertet ; non, si tellurem efifundat in undas, 

Diluvio miscens, caelumque in Tartara solvat : 205 

Ut sceptrum hoc " (dextra sceptrum nam forte gerebat) 

" Numquam fronde levi fundet virgulta nee umbras, 

Quum semel in silvis imo de stirpe recisum 

Matre caret, posuitque comas et brachia ferro ; 

Olim arbos ; nunc artificis manus aere decoro 210 

Inclusit, patribusque dedit gestare Latinis." 

Talibus inter se firmabant foedera diet is, 

Conspectu in medio procerum; turn rite sacratas 



VERQ1LI AEXEIS XII. 259 

In flammam jugulant pecudes, et viscera vivis 
Eripiunt, cumulantque oneratis lancibus aras. 215 

At vero Rutulis impar ea pugna videri 
Jarndudurn, et vario misceri pectora motu ; 
Turn magis, ut propius cernunt non viribus aequis. 
Adjuvat incessu tacito progressus et arani 
Suppliciter venerans demisso lumine Turnus, 220 

Tabentesque genae, et juvenali in corpore pallor. 
Quern siniul ac Juturna soror crebrescere vidit 
Sermonem, et vulgi variare labantia corda, 
In medias acies, formam assimulata Camerti, 
(Cui genus a proavis ingens, clarumque paternae 225 
Nomen erat virtutis, et ipse acerrimus armis,) 
In medias dat sese acies, haud nescia reruni, 
Rumoresque serit varios, ac talia fatur : 
" Non pudet, o Rutuli, pro cunctis talibus unam 
Objectare animam ? Numerone an viribus aequi 230 
Non sumus ? En, omnes et Troes et Arcades hi sunt, 
Fatalisque manus, infensa Etruria Turno. 
Vix hostem, alterni si congrediamur, habemus, 
Ille quidem ad superos, quorum se devovet aris, 
Succedet fama, vivusque per ora feretur ; 235 

Nos, patria amissa, dominis parere superbis 
Cogemur, qui nunc lenti consedimus arvis." 
Talibus incensa est juvenum sententia dictis 
Jam magis atque magis, serpitque per agmina murmur ; 
Ipsi Laurentes mutati ipsique Latini. 240 

Qui sibi jam requiem pugnae rebusque salutem 
Sperabant, nunc arma volunt, foedusque precantur 
Infectum, et Turni sortem miserantur iniquam. 
His aliud majus Juturna adjungit, et alto 
Dat signum caelo, quo non praesentius ullum 245 

Turbavit mentes Italas, monstroque fefellit. 
Namque volans rubra fulvus Jovis ales in aethra 
Litoreas agitabat aves turbamque sonantem 
Agminis aligeri, subito quum lapsus ad undas 
Cycnum excellentem pedibus rapit improbus uncis. 250 
Arrexere animos Itali, cunctaeque volucres 



260 VERGILI AEKEIS XII. 

Convertunt clamore fugam, (mirabile visu,) 

Aetheraque obscurant pennis, hostemque per auras 

Facta nube premunt, donee vi victus et ipso 

Pondere defecit, praedamque ex unguibus ales 255 

Projecit fluvio, penitusque in nubila fugit. 

Turn vero augurium Rutuli clamore salutant, 

Expediuntque manus ; primusque Tolumnius augur 

" Hoc erat, hoc, votis " inquit "quod saepe petivi: 

Accipio, agnoscoque deos. Me, me duce, ferrum 260 

Corripite, o miseri, quos improbus advena bello 

Territat, invalidas ut aves, et litora vestra 

Yi populat ; petet ille fugam, penitusque profundo 

Yela dabit. Yos unanimi densete catervas, 

Et regem vobis pugna defendite raptum." 265 

Dixit, et adversos telum contorsit in hostes 

Procurrens : sonitum dat stridula cornus, et auras 

Certa secat. Simul hoc, simul ingens clamor, et omnes 

Turbati cunei, calefactaque corda tumultu. 

Hasta volans, ut forte noveni pulcherrima fratrum 270 

Corpora constiterant contra, quos fida crearat 

Una tot Arcadio conjunx Tyrrhena Gylippo, 

Horum unum ad medium, teritur qua sutilis alvo 

Balteus et laterum juncturas fibula mordet, 

Egregium forma juvenem et fulgentibus armis, 275 

Transadigit costas, fulvaque effundit arena. 

At fratres, animosa phalanx accensaque luctu, 

Pars gladios stringunt manibus, pars missile ferrum 

Corripiunt, caecique ruunt. Quos agmina contra 

Procurrunt Laurentum ; hinc densi rursus kiundant 280 

Troes Agyllinique et pictis Arcades armis : 

Sic omnes amor unus habet decernere ferro. 

Diripuere aras ; it toto turbida caelo 

Tempestas telorum, ac ferreus ingruit imber ; 

Craterasque focosque ferunt. Fugit ipse Latinus, 285 

Pulsatos referens infecto foedere divos. 

Infrenant alii currus, aut corpora saltu 

Subjiciunt in equos, et strictis ensibus adsunt. 

Messapus regem regisque insigne gerentem 

Tyrrhenum Aulesten, avidus confundere foedus, 290 



VERGILI AENEIS XII. 261 

Adverso proterret equo. Ruit ille recedens, 

Et miser oppositis a tergo involvitur aris 

In caput inque humeros ; at fervidus advolat hasta 

Messapus, teloque orantem multa trabali 

Desuper altus equo graviter ferit, atque ita fatur : 295 

" Hoc habet ; baec melior magnis data victima divis." 

Concurrunt Itali, spoliantque calentia membra. 

Obvius ambustum torrem Corynaeus ab ara 

Corripit, et venienti Ebuso plagamque ferenti 

Occupat os flammis ; olli ingens barba reluxit, 300 

Nidoremque ambusta dedit ; super ipse secutus 

Caesariem laeva turbati corripit hostis, 

Impressoque genu nitens terrae applicat ipsum ; 

Sic rigido latus ense ferit. Podalirius Alsum, 

Pastorem, primaque acie per tela ruentem, 305 

Ense sequens nudo, superimminet ; ille securi 

Adversi frontem mediam mentumque reducta 

Disjicit, et sparso late rigat arma cruore. 

Olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget 

Soninus, in aeternam clauduntur lumina noctem. 310 

At pius Aeneas dextram tendebat inermem, 
Nudato capite, atque suos clamore vocabat : 
" Quo ruitis, quaeve ista repens discordia surgit ? 
cohibete iras ! Ictum jam foedus, et omnes 
Compositae leges : mihi jus concurrere soli : 315 

Me sinite, atque auferte metus. Ego foedera faxo 
Firma manu : Turnum debent haec jam mihi sacra." 
Has inter voces, media inter talia verba, 
Ecce, viro stridens alis allapsa sagitta est, 
Incertum, qua pulsa manu, quo turbine adacta, 320 
Quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, 
Attulerit : pressa est insignis gloria facti, 
Nee sese Aeneae jactavit vulnere quisquam. 
Turnus, ut Aenean cedentem ex agmine vidit 
Turbatosque duces, subita spe fervidus ardet : 325 

Poscit equos atque arma simul, saltuque superbus 
Emicat in currum, et manibus molitur habenas. 
Multa virum volitans dat fortia corpora Leto, 



262 VERGILI AENEIS XII. 

Semineces volvit niultos, aut agniina curru 
Proterit, aut raptas fugientibus ingerit hastas. 330 

Qualis apud gelidi quurn fluniina concitus Hebri 
Sanguineus Mavors clipeo intonat, atquc furentes 
Bella movens inimittit equos ; illi aequore aperto 
Ante Notos Zephyrumque volant ; gemit ultima pulsu 
Thraca pedum ; eircumque atrae Forniidinis ora, 335 
Iraeque, Insidiaeque, dei comitatus, aguntur : 
Talis equos alacer media inter proelia Turnus 
Fumantes sudore quatit, miserabile caesis 
Hostibus insultans ; spargit rapida ungula rores 
Sanguineos, mixtaque cruor calcatur arena. 340 

Jamque Neci Sthenelumque dedit Thamyrumque Pho- 

lumque, 
Hunc congressus et hunc, ilium eminus ; eminus ambo 
Imbrasidas, Glaucum atque Laden, quos Imbrasus ipse 
Nutrierat Lycia, paribusque ornaverat armis, 
Yel conferrc manum, vel equo praevertere ventos. 345 
Parte alia, media Eumedes in proelia fertur, 
Antiqui proles bello praeclara Dolonis, 
Nomine avum referens, animo manibusque parentem, 
Qui quondam, castra ut Danaum speculator adiret, 
Ausus Pelidae pretium sibi poscere currus ; 350 

Ilium Tydides alio pro talibus ausis 
Affecit pretio, nee equis adspirat Achillis. 
Hunc procul ut campo Turnus prospexit aperto, 
Ante levi jaculo longum per inane secutus, 
Sistit equos bijuges et curru desilit, atque 355 

Semianimi lapsoque supervenit, et, pede collo 
Impresso, dextrae mucronem extorquet et alto 
Fulgentem tinguit jugulo, atque haec insuper addit : 
u En, agros et, quam bello, Trojane, petisti, 
Hesperiam metire jacens : haec praemia, qui me 360 
Ferro ausi tentare, ferunt ; sic moenia condunt." 
lluic comitem Asbyten conjecta cuspide mittit, 
Chloreaque Sybarimque Daretaque Thersilochumque, 
Et sternacis equi lapsum cervice Thymoeten. 
Ac velut Edoni Boreae quum spiritus alto 365 

Insonat Aegaeo, sequiturque ad litora fluctus, 



VERGILI AENEIS XII. 263 

Qua venti incubuere, fugam dant nubila caelo ; 

Sic Turno, quacumque viam secat, agmina cedunt, 

Oonversaeque ruunt acies ; fert impetus ipsuni, 

Et cristam ad verso curru quatit aura volantem. 370 

Non tulit instantem Phegeus animisque frementeru ; 

Objecit sese ad currum, et spumantia frenis 

Ora citatorum dextra detorsit equorum. 

Dum trahitur pendetque jugis, hunc lata retectum 

Lancea consequitur, rurnpitque infixa bilicem 375 

Loricam et summum degustat vulnere corpus. 

Ille tamen clipeo objecto con versus in hostem 

Ibat, et auxilium ducto mucrone petebat : 

Quum rota praecipitem et procursu concitus axis 

Impulit effunditque solo, Turnusque secutus 380 

Imam inter galeam summi thoracis et oras 

Abstulit ense caput, truncumque reliquit arenae. 

Atque ea dum campis victor dat funera Turnus, 
Interea Aenean Mnestheus et fidus Achates 
Ascaniusque comes castris statuere cruentum, 385 

Alternos longa nitentem cuspide gressus. 
Saevit, et infracta luctatur arundine telum 
Eripere, auxilioque viam, quae proxima, poscit : 
Ense secent lato vulnus, telique latebram 
Rescindant penitus, seseque in bella remittant. 390 
Jamque aderat Phoebo ante alios dilectus Iapyx 
Iasides, acri quondam cui captus amore 
Ipse suas artes, sua munera, laetus Apollo 
Augurium citharamque dabat celeresque sagittas ; 
Ille, ut depositi proferret fata parentis, 395 

Scire potestates herbarum usumque medendi 
Maluit et mutas agitare inglorius artes. 
Stabat acerba fremens, ingentem nixus in hastam, 
Aeneas, magno juvenum et maerentis Iuli 
Concursu, lacrimis immobilis. Ille retorto 400 

Paeonium in morem senior succinctus amictu, 
Multa manu medica Phoebique potentibus herbis 
Nequidquam trepidat, nequidquam spicula dextra 
Sollicitat, prensatque tenaci forcipe ferrum. 



264: VERGILI AENEIS XII. 

Nulla viam Fortuna regit, nihil auctor Apollo 405 

Subvenit ; et saevus campis magis ac magis horror 
Crebrescit, propiasque malum est. Jam pulvere caelum 
Stare vident : subeunt equites, et spicula castris 
Densa cadunt mediis ; it tristis ad aethera clamor 
Bellantum juvenum et duro sub Marte cadentum. 410 
Hie Yenus, indigno nati concussa dolore, 
Dictamnum genetrix Cretaea carpit ab Ida, 
Puberibus caulem foliis et fiore comantem 
Purpureo ; non ilia feris incognita capris 
Gramina, quum tergo volucres haesere sagittae. 415 
Hoc Yenus, obscuro faciem circumdata nimbo, 
Detulit ; hoc fusum labris splendentibus amnem 
Inficit, occulte medicans, spargitque salubres 
Ambrosiae succos et odoriferam panaceam. 
Fovit ea vulnus lympha longaevus Iapyx 420 

Ignorans, subitoque omnis de corpore fugit 
Quippe dolor, omnis stetit imo vulnere sanguis ; 
Jamque secuta manum, nullo cogente, sagitta 
Exeidit, atque novae rediere in pristina vires. 
"Arma citi properate viro ! Quid statis?" Iapyx 425 
Conclamat, primusque animos accendit in hostem. 
"Non haec humanis opibus, non arte magistra 
Proveniunt, neque te, Aenea, mea dextera servat ; 
Major agit deus, atque opera ad majora remittit." 
Hie, avidus pugnae, suras incluserat auro 430 

Hinc atque hinc, oditque moras, hastamque coruscat. 
Postquam habilis lateri clipeus loricaque tergo est, 
Ascanium fusis circum complectitur armis, 
Summaque per galeam delibans oscula fatur: 
" Disce, puer, virtutem ex me verumque iaborem, 435 
Fortunam ex aliis. Nunc te mea dextera bello 
Defensum dabit, et magna inter praemia ducet. 
Tu facito, mox quum matura adoleverit aetas, 
Sis memor, et te, animo repetentem exempla tuorum, 
Et pater Aeneas et avunculus excitet Hector." 440 

Haec ubi dicta dedit, portis sese extulit ingens, 
Telum immane manu quatiens; simul agmine denso 



VERGILI AENEIS XII. 265 

Antheusque Mnesthe usque ruunt, ornnisque relictis 

Tavba fluit castris. Tum caeco pulvere campus 

Miseetur, pulsuque pedum tremit exeita tellus. 445 

Yidit ab adverso venientes aggere Turnus, 

Yidere Ausonii, gelidusque per ima cucurrit 

Ossa tremor ; prima ante omnes Juturna Latinos 

Audiit, agnovitque sonum, et tremefacta refugit. 

Ille volat, campoque atrum rapit agmen aperto. 450 

Qualis ubi ad terras, abrupto sidere, nimbus 

It mare per medium ; miseris, heu, praescia longe 

Horrescunt corda agricolis ; dabit ille ruinas 

Arboribus stragemque satis, met omnia late ; 

Ante volant sonitumque ferunt ad litora venti: 455 

Talis in adversos ductor Rhoeteius hostes 

Agmen agit ; densi cuneis se quisque coactis 

Agglomerant. Ferit ense gravem Thymbraeus Osirim, 

Arcetium Mnestheus, Epulonem obtruncat Achates, 

Ufentemque Gyas ; cadit ipse Tolumnius augur, 460 

Primus in adversos telum qui torserat hostes. 

Tollitur in caelum clamor, versique vicissim 

Pulverulenta fuga Rutuli dant terga per agros. 

Ipse neque aversos dignatur sternere Morti, 

Nee pede congressos aequo nee tela ferentes 465 

Insequitur ; solum densa in caligine Turnum 

Yestigat lustrans, solum in certamina poscit. 

Hoc concussa metu mentem, Juturna virago 
Aurigam Turni media inter lora Metiscum 
Excutit, et longe lapsum temone relinquit; 470 

Ipsa subit, manibusque undantes flectit habenas, 
Cuncta gerens, vocemque et corpus et arma Metisci. 
Nigra velut magnas domini quum divitis aedes 
Pervolat et pennis alta atria lustrat hirundo, 
Pabula parva legens nidisque loquacibus escas, 4T5 
Efc nunc porticibus vacuis, nunc humida circum 
Stagna sonat : similis medios Juturna per hostes 
Fertur equis, rapidoque volans obit omnia curru, 
Jamque hie germanum, jamque hie ostentat ovantem, 
Nee conferre manum patitur, volat avia longe. 480 

Haud minus Aeneas tortos legit obvius orbes, 



266 VERGILI AENEIS XII. 

Vestigatque v imm et disjecta per agmina magna 

Voce vocat. Quoties oculos conjecit in hostem, 

Alipedumque fugam cursu tentavit equorum, 

A versos toties currus Juturna retorsit. 485 

lieu, quid agat ? Yario nequidquam fiuctuat aestu, 

Diversaeque vocant animum in contraria curae. 

Huic Messapus, uti laeva duo forte gerebat 

Lenta, levis cursu, praefixa hastilia ferro, 

Horum unum certo contorquens dirigit ictu. 490 

Substitit Aeneas, et se collegit in arma, 

Poplite subsidens ; apicem tarnen incita summum 

Hasta tulit, summasque excussit vertice cristas. 

Turn vero assurgunt irae ; insidiisque subactus, 

Diversos ubi sentit equos currumque referri, 495 

Multa Jovem et laesi testatus foederis aras, 

Jam tandem invadit medios, et Marte secundo 

Terribilis saevam nullo discrimine caedem 

fiuscitat, irarumque omnes effundit habenas. 499 

Quis mi hi nunc tot acerba deus, quis carmine caedes 
Diversas, obitumque ducum, quos aequore toto 501 
Inque vicem nunc Turnus agit, nunc Troius heros, 
Expediat ? tan ton' placuit concurrere motu, 
Jupiter, aeterna gentes in pace futuras ? 
Aeneas Rutulum Sucronem (ea prima ruentes 505 

Pugna loco statuit Teucros) haud multa morantem 
Excipit in latus, et, qua fata celerrima, crudum 
Transadigit costas et crates pectoris ensem. 
Turnus equo dejectum Amycum fratremque Diorem, 
Congressus pedes, hunc venientem cuspide longa, 510 
Hunc mucrone ferit, curruque abscisa duorum 
Suspendit capita, et rorantia sanguine portat. 
Ille Talon Tanaimque Neci fortemque Cethegum, 
Tres uno congressu, et maestum mittit Oniten, 
Nomen Echionium matrisque .genus Peridiae ; 515 

Hie fratres Lycia missos et Apollinis agris, 
Et juvenem exosum nequidquam bella Menoeteu, 
Arcada, piscosae cui circum flumina Lernae 
Ars fuerat pauperque domus, nee nota potentum 



VERGILI AENEIS XII. 267 

Munera, conductaque pater tellure serebat. 520 

Ac velut immissi diversis partibus ignes 

Arentem in silvam et virgulta sonantia lauro, 

Aut ubi decursu rapido de montibus altis- 

Daiit sonitum spumosi amnes, et in aequora currant, 

Quisque suum populatus iter : non segnius ambo 525 

Aeneas Turnusque ruunt per proelia ; nunc, nunc 

Fluctuat ira intus ; rumpuntur nescia vinci 

Pectora ; nunc totis in vulnera viribus itur. 

Murranuin hie, atavos et avorum antiqua sonantem 

Nomina, per regesque actum genus omne Latinos, 530 

Praecipitem scopulo atque ingentis turbine saxi 

Excutit, effunditque solo ; hunc lora et juga subter 

Provolvere rotae ; crebro super ungula pulsu 

Incita nee domini memorum proculcat equorum. 

Hie ruenti Hyllo animisque immane frementi 535 

Occurrit, telumque aurata ad tempora torquet : 

Olli per galeam fixo stetit hasta cerebro. 

Dextera nee tua te, Graium fortissime, Cretheu, 

Eripuit Turno ; nee di texere Cupencum, 

Aenea veniente, sui ; dedit obvia ferro 540 

Pectora, nee misero clipei mora profuit aerei. 

Te quoque Laurentes viderunt, Aeole, campi 

Oppetere, et late terrain consternere tergo ; 

Occidis, Argivae quern non potuere phalanges 

Sternere, nee Priami regnorum eversor Achilles ; 545 

Hie tibi mortis erant metae : domus alta sub Ida, 

Lyrnesi domus alta, solo Laurente sepulchrum. 

Totae adeo conversae acies, omnesque Latini, 

Omnes Dardanidae, Mnestheus, acerque Serestus, 

Et Messapus equum domitor, et fortis Asilas, 550 

Tuscorumque phalanx, Evandrique Arcades alae, 

Pro se quisque viri summa nituntur opum vi : 

Nee mora, nee requies ; vasto certamine tendunt. 

Hie mentem Aeneae genetrix pulcherrima misit, 
Iret ut ad muros, urbique adverteret agmen 5 r >5 

Ocius et subita turbaret clade Latinos. 
Ille, ut vestigans diversa per agmina Turnum 



268 YERGILl AENEIS Xli. 

Hue atque hue acies cireumtulit, aspicit urbein 
Immunem tanti belli atque impune quietam. 
Continuo pugnae accendit maj oris imago : 560 

Mnesthea Serge stumque vocat fortemque Serestum 
Duct-ores, tumulumque capit, quo cetera Teucrum 
Concurrit legio, nee scuta aut spicula densi 
Deponunt. Celso medius stans aggere fatur: 
" Ne qua meis esto dictis mora, (Jupiter hac stat,) 565 
Neu quis ob inceptum subitum mihi segnior ito. 
Urbem hodie, causam belli, regna ipsa Latini, 
Ni frenum accipere et victi parere fatentur, 
Eruam, et aequa solo finnantia culmina ponam. 
Scilicet exspectem, libeat dum proelia Turno 570 

Nostra pati, rursusque velit concurrere victus ? 
Hoc caput, o cives, haec belli summa nefandi. 
Ferte faces propere, foedusque reposcite flammisl" 
Dixerat, atque animis pariter certantibus omnes 
Dant cuneum, densaque ad muros mole feruntur. 515 
Scalae improviso, subitusque apparuit ignis. 
Discurrunt alii ad portas, primosque trucidant ; 
Ferrum alii torquent, et obumbrant aethera telis. 
Ipse inter primos dextram sub moenia tendit 
Aeneas, magnaque incusat voce Latinum, 58*' 

Testaturque deos, iterum se ad proelia cogi, 
Bis jam Italos hostes, haec altera foedera rumpi. 
Exoritur trepidos inter discordia cives : 
Urbem alii reserare jubent et pandere portas 
Dardanidis, ipsumque trahunt in moenia regem ; 585 
Anna ferunt alii, et pergunt defendere muros : 
Inclusas ut quum latebroso in pumice pastor 
Vestigavit apes, fumoque implevit amaro ; 
Illae intus trepidae rerum per cerea castra 
Discurrunt, magnisque acuunt stridoribus iras ; 590 
Yolvitur ater odor tectis ; turn murmure caeco 
Intus saxa sonant, vacuas it fumus ad auras. 

Accidit haec fessis etiam fortuna Latinis, 
Quae totam luctu concussit funditus urbem. 
Regina ut tectis venientem prospicit hostem, 595 



VERGILI AENEIS XII. 



269 



Tncessi rnuros, ignes ad tecta volare, 

Nusquam acies contra Rutulas, nulla agmina Tumi, 

Infelix pugnae juvenem in certamine credit 

Exstinctum, et, subito mentern turbata dolore, 

Se causam clamat, crimenque, caputque malorum ; 600 

Multaque per maestum demens effata furorem, 

Purpureos moritura nianu discindit amictus, 

Et nodum informis leti trabe nectit ab alta. 

Quam cladem miserae postquam accepere Latinae, 

Filia prima manu floros Layinia crines 605 

Et roseas laniata genas, turn cetera circum 

Turba, furit ; resonant late plangoribus aedes. 

Hinc totam infelix vulgatur fama per urbem : 

Dernittunt mentes ; it scissa veste Latinus, 

Conjugis attonitus fatis urbisque ruina, 610 

Canitiem immundo perfusam pulvere turpans, 

[Multaque se incusat, qui non acceperit ante 

Dardanium Aenean, generurnque adsciverit ultro.] 

Interea extremo bellator in aequore Turnus 
Palantes sequitur paucos, jam segnior, atque 615 

Jam minus atque minus successu laetus equorum. 
Attulit hunc illi caecis terroribus aura 
Commixtum clamorem, arrectasque impulit aures 
Confusae sonus urbis et illaetabile murmur. 
" Hei mihi ! quid tanto turbantur moenia luctu ? 620 
Quisve ruit tantus diversa clamor ab urbe ? " 
Sic ait, adductisque amens subsistit habenis. 
Atque huic ; in faciem soror ut conversa Metisci 
Aurigae currumque et equos et lora regebat, 
Talibus occurrit dictis : " Hac, Turne, sequamur 625 
Trojugenas, qua prima viam victoria pandit : 
Sunt alii, qui tecta manu defendere possint. 
Ingruit Aeneas Italis et proelia miscet : 
Et nos saeva manu mittamus funera Teucris. 
Nee numero inferior, pugnae nee honore recedes." 630 
Turnus ad haec : 

" O soror, et dudum agnovi quum prima per artem 
Foedera turbasti teque haec in bella dedisti, 



270 VERGILI AENEIS XII. 

Et nunc nequidquam fallis dea. Sed quis Olympo 
Demissam tantos voluit te ferre labores ? G35 

An fratris miseri letum ut crudele videres ? 
Nam quid ago ? aut quae jam spondet Fortuna salutem ? 
Vidi oculos ante ipse meos me voce vocantem 
Murranum, quo non superat mihi carior alter, 
Oppetere, ingentem, atque ingenti vulnere victum. 640 
Occidit infelix ne nostrum dedecus Ufens 
Aspiceret ; Teucri potiuntur corpore et armis. 
Exscindine domos (id rebus defuit unum) 
Perpetiar? dextra nee Drancis dicta refellam? 
Terga dabo, et Turnum fugientem haec terra videbit? 645 
Usque adeone mori miserum est ? Yos o mihi Manes 
Este boni, quoniam Superis aversa voluntas I 
Sancta ad vos anima, atque istius nescia culpae, 
Descendam, magnorum haud unquam indignus avorum." 

Yix ea fatus erat ; medios volat, ecce, per hostes 650 
Vectus equo spumante Saces, adversa sagitta 
Saucius ora, ruitque implorans nomine Turnum : 
" Turne, in te suprema salus : miserere tuorum ! 
Fulminat Aeneas armis, summasque minatur 
Dejecturum arces Italum excidioque daturum ; 655 

Jamque faces ad tecta volant. In te ora Latini, 
In te oculos referunt ; mussat rex ipse Latinus, 
Quos generos vocet, aut quae sese ad foedera flectat. 
Praeterea regina, tui fidissima, dextra 
Occidit ipsa sua, lucemque exterrita fugit. 660 

Soli pro portis Messapus et acer Atinas 
Sustentant aciem ; circum hos utrimque phalanges 
Stant densae, strictisque seges mucronibus horret 
Ferrea : tu currum deserto in gramme versas 1 " 
Obstupuit varia confusus imagine rerum 665 

Turnus, et obtutu tacito stetit. Aestuat ingens 
Uno in corde pudor, mixtoque insania luctu, 
Et furiis agitatus amor, et conscia virtus. 
Ut primum discussae umbrae et lux reddita menti, 
Ardentes oculorum orbes ad moenia torsit 670 

Turbidus, eque rotis magnam respexit ad urbem. 



VERGILI AENEIS XII. 271 

Ecce autem flammis inter tabulata volutus 
Ad caelum undabat vertex, turrimque tenebat, 
Turrim, compactis trabibus quam eduxerat ipse, 
Subdideratque rotas, pontesque instraverat altos. 675 
" Jam jam fata, soror, superant ; absiste morari ; 
Quo deus et quo dura vocat Fortuna, sequamur. 
Stat conferre raanum Aeneae, stat, quidquid acerbi est, 
Morte pati; neque me indecorem, germana, videbis 
Amplius. Hunc, oro, sine me furere ante furorem." 680 
Dixit, et e curru sal turn dedit ocius arvis, 
Perque hostes, per tela ruit, maestamque sororem 
Deserit, ac rapido cursu media agmina rumpit. 
Ac veluti montis saxum de vertice praeceps 
Quum ruit, avulsum vento, seu turbidus imber 685 

Proluit, aut annis solvit sublapsa vetustas ; 
Fertur in abruptum magno mons improbus actu, 
Exsultatque solo, silvas, armenta, virosque 
Involvens secum : disjecta per agmina Turnus 
Sic urbis ruit ad muros, ubi plurima fuso 690 

Sanguine terra madet, striduntque bastilibus aurae ; 
Significatque manu, et magno simul incipit ore : 
" Partite jam, Rutuli, et vos tela inhibete, Latini : 
Quaecumque est Fortuna, mea est ; me verius unum 
Pro vobis foedus luere, et decernere ferro." 695 

Discessere omnes medii, spatiumque dedere. 

At pater Aeneas, audito nomine Turni, 
Deserit et muros, et summas deserit arces, 
Praecipitatque moras omnes, opera omnia rumpit, 
Laetitia exsultans, horrendumque intonat armis : TOO 
Quantus Athos, aut quantus Eryx, aut ipse, coruscis 
Quum fremit ilicibus, quantus, gaudetque nivali 
Yertice se attollens pater Appenninus ad auras. 
Jam vero et Rutuli certatim et Troes et omnes 
Convertere oculos Itali, quique alt a tenebant 705 

Moenia, quique imos pulsabant ariete muros, 
Armaque deposuere humeris. Stupet ipse Latinus, 
Ingentes, genitos diversis partibus orbis, 
Inter se coiisse viros et cernere ferro. 



272 VERGILI AENEIS XII. 

Atque 1111, ut vacuo patuerunt aequore campi, 710 

Procursu rapido, conjectis eminas hastis, 

Invadunt Martem clipeis atque aere sonoro. 

Dat gemitum tellus ; turn crebros ensibus ictus 

Congeminant ; fors et virtus miscentur in unum. 

Ac velut ingenti Sila summove Taburno 115 

Quum duo conversis inirnica in proelia tauri 

Frontibus incurrunt, (pavidi cessere magistri, 

Stat pecus omne metu niutuni, mussantque juvencae, 

Quis neniori imperitet, quern tota armenta sequantur ;) 

Uli inter sese multa vi vulnera miscent, 720 

Cornuaque obnixi infigunt, et sanguine largo 

Colla armosque lavant ; gemitu nemus omne remugit: 

Non aliter Tros Aeneas et Daunius heros 

Concurrunt clipeis ; ingens fragor aethera complet. 

Jupiter ipse duas aequato examine lances 725 

Sustinet, et fata imponit diversa duorum, 

Queni damnet labor, et quo vergat pondere letum. 

Emicat hie, impune putans, et corpore toto 

Alte sublatum consurgit Turnus in ensem, 

Et ferit. Exclamant Troes trepidique Latini, 730 

Arrectaeque amborum acies. At perfidus ensis 

Frangitur, in medioque ardentem deserit ictu, 

Ni fuga subsidio subeat. Fugit ocior Euro, 

Ut capulum ignotum dextramque aspexit inermem. 

Fama est, praecipitem, quum prima in proelia junctos 735 

Conscendebat equos, patrio mucrone relicto, 

Dum trepidat, ferrum aurigae rapuisse Metisci ; 

Idque diu, dum terga dabant palantia Teucri, 

Suffecit ; postquam arma dei ad Vulcania ventum est, 

Mortalis mucro, glaeies ceu futilis, ictu 740 

Dissiluit ; fulva resplendent fragmina arena. 

Ergo amens diversa fuga petit aequora Turnus, 

Et nunc hue, inde hue incertos implicat orbes ; 

Undique enim densa Teucri inclusere corona, 

Atque hinc vasta palus, hinc ardua moenia cingunt. 745 

Nee minus Aeneas, quamquam tardante sagitta 
tnterdum genua impediunt cursumque recusant, 



VERGILI AENEIS XII, 



273 



Insequitur, trepidique pedem pede fervidus urget: 
Inclusum veluti si quando flumine nactus 
Cervum, aut puniceae septum formidine pennae, 750 
Yenator cursu canis et latratibus instat ; 
IJle autem, insidiis et ripa territus alta, 
Mille fugit refagitque vias ; at vividus Umber 
Haeret hians, jam jamque tenet, similisque tenenti 
Increpuit malis, morsuque elusus inani est. 755 

Turn vero exoritur clamor, ripaeque lacusque 
Responsant circa, et caelum tonat omne tumultu. 
Ille simul fugiens Rutulos simul increpat omnes, 
Nomine quemque vocans, notumque efflagitat ensem; 
Aeneas mortem contra praesensque minatur 160 

Exitium, si quisquam adeat, terretque trementes, 
Excisurum urbem minitans, et saucius instat. 
Quinque orbes explent cursu, totidemque retexunt 
Hue illuc ; neque enim levia aut ludicra petuntur 
Praemia, sed Turni de vita et sanguine certant. 765 
Forte sacer Fauno foliis oleaster amaris 
Hie steterat, nautis olim venerabile lignum, 
Servati ex undis ubi figere dona solebant 
Laurenti divo et votas suspendere vestes ; 
Sed stirpem Teucri nullo discrimine sacrum TTO 

Sustulerant, puro ut possent concurrere campo : 
Hie hasta Aeneae stabat, hue impetus illam 
Detulerat, fixam et lenta radice tenebat. 
Incubuit, voluitque manu convellere ferrum 
Dardanides, teloque sequi, quern prendere cursu 775 
Non poterat. Turn vero, amens formidine, Turnus 
" Faune, precor, miserere, " inquit, " tuque optima ferrum 
Terra tene, colui vestros si semper honores, 
Quos contra Aeneadae bello fecere profanos." 
Dixit, opemque dei non cassa in vota vocavit: 780 

Namque diu luctans lentoque in stirpe moratus 
Viribus haud ullis valuit discludere morsus 
Roboris Aeneas. Dum nititur acer et instat, 
Rursus in aurigae faciem mutata Metisci 
Procurrit fratrique ensem dea Daunia reddit. 785 

Quod Yenus audaci Nymphae indignata licere, 
18 Vir. 



274 VERGILI AENEIS XII. 

Accessit, telunique alta ab radice revellit. 

Olli sublimes, armis animisque refecti, 

Hie gladio Mens, hie acer et arduus hasta, 

Adsistunt contra certamina Martis anheli. 790 

Junonem interea rex omnipotentis Olympi 
Alloquitur, fulva pugnas de nube tuentem : 
" Quae jam finis erit, conjunx? quid denique restat? 
Indigetem Aenean scis ipsa, et scire fateris, 
Deberi caelo, fatisque ad sidera tolli. 795 

Quid struis ? aut qua spe gelidis in nubibus haeres ? 
Mortalin' decuit violari vulnere divum, 
Aut ensem (quid enim sine te Juturna valeret ?) 
Ereptum reddi Turno, et vim crescere victis ? 
Desine jam tandem, precibusque inflectere nostris ; 800 
Nee te tantus edat tacitam dolor, et mihi curae 
Saepe tuo dulci tristes ex ore recursent. 
Venturn ad supremum est. Terris agitare vel undis 
Trojanos potuisti, infandum accendere bellum, 
Deformare domum, et luctu miscere hymenaeos ; 805 
Ulterius tentare veto." Sic Jupiter orsus; 
Sic dea submisso contra Saturnia vultu: 
" Ista quidem quia nota mihi tua, magne, voluntas, 
Jupiter, et Turnum et terras invita reliqui; 
Nee tu me aeria solam nunc sede videres 810 

Digna indigna pati, seel flammis cincta sub ipsa 
Starem acie traheremque inimica in proelia Teucros. 
Juturnam misero, fateor, succurrere fratri 
Suasi, et pro vita majora audere probavi ; 
Non ut tela tamen, non ut contenderet arcum : 815 

Adjuro Stygii caput implacabile fontis, 
Una superstitio superis quae reddita divis. 
Et nunc cedo equidem, pugnasque exosa relinquo. 
Illud te, nulla fati quod lege tenetur, 
Pro Latio obtestor, pro majestate tuorum : 820 

Quum jam connubiis pacem felicibus (esto) 
Component, quum jam leges et foedera jungent, 
Ne vetus indigenas nomen mutare Latinos, 
Neu Troas fieri jubeas Teucrosque vocari, 



VEEGILI AENEIS XIX. 275 

Aut vocem mutare viros, aut vertere vestem. 825 

Sit Latium, sint Albani per saecula reges, 

Sit Roinana potens Itala virtute propago ; 

Occidit, occideritque sinas cum nomine Troja." 

Olli subridens hominum rerumque repertor : 

" Es germana Jovis Saturnique altera proles : 830 

Irarum tantos volvis sub pectore fluctus ! 

Verum age, et inceptum frustra submitte furorem : 

Do, quod vis, et me victusque volensque remitto. 

Sermonem Ausonii patrium moresque tenebunt, 

Utque est, nomen erit ; commixti corpore tantum 835 

Subsident Teucri. Morem ritusque sacrorum 

Adjiciam, faeiamque omnes uno ore Latinos. 

Hinc genus Ausonio mixtum quod sanguine surget, 

Supra homines, supra ire deos pietate videbis, 

Nee gens ulla tuos aeque eelebrabit honores." 840 

Annuit his Juno, et mentem laetata retorsit ; 

Interea excedit caelo, nubemque relinquit. 

His actis aliud Genitor secum ipse volutat, 
Juturnamque par at fratris dimittere ab armis. 
Dicuntur geminae pestes cognomine Dirae, 845 

Quas et Tartaream Nox intempesta Megaeram 
Uno eodemque tulit partu, paribusque revinxit 
Serpentum spiris, ventosasque addidit alas. 
Hae Jovis ad solium saevique in limine regis 
Apparent, acuuntque metum mortalibus aegris, 850 
Si quando letum horrificum morbosque deum rex 
Molitur, meritas aut bello territat urbes. 
Harum unam celerem demisit ab aethere summo 
Jupiter, inque omen Juturnae occurrere jussit. 
Ilia volat, celerique ad terram turbine fertur. 855 

Non secus ac nervo per nubem impulsa sagitta, 
Armatam saevi Parthus quam felle veneni, 
Parthus sive Cydon, telum immedicabile, torsit, 
Stridens et celeres incognita transilit umbras: 
Talis se sata Nocte tulit, terrasque petivit. 860 

Postquam acies videt Iliacas atque agmina Turni, 
Alitis in parvae subitam collecta figuram. 



276 VERGILI AENEIS XII, 

Quae quondam in bustis aut culminibus desertis 
Nocte sedens serum canit importuna per umbras, 
Hanc versa in faciem, Turni se pestis ob ora 865 

Fertque refertque sonans, clipeumque everberat alis. 
Mi membra novus solvit formidine torpor, \ 

Arrectaeque horrore comae, et vox faucibus haesit. 
At, procul ut Dirae stridorem agnovit et alas, 
Infelix crines scindit Juturna solutos, 870 

Unguibus ora soror foedans et pectora pugnis : 
" Quid nunc te tua, Turne, potest germana juvare ? 
Aut quid jam durae superat mihi ? Qua tibi lucem 
Arte morer ? Talin' possum me opponere monstro ? 
Jam jam linquo acies. Ne me terrete timentem, 875 
Obscenae volucres : alarum verbera nosco 
Letalemque sonum, nee fallunt jussa superba 
Magnanimi Jovis. Haec pro virginitate reponit ? 
Quo vitam dedit aeternam ? cur mortis adempta est 
Condicio ? Possem tantos finire dolores 880 

Nunc certe, et misero fratri comes ire per umbras ! 
lmmortalis ego ? aut quidquam mihi dulce meorum 
Te sine, frater, erit ? quae satis alta dehiscat 
Terra mihi, Manesque deam demittat ad imos ! " 
Tantum effata, caput glauco contexit amictu, 885 

Multa gemens, et se fluvio dea condidit alto. 

Aeneas instat contra, telumque coruscat, 
Ingens, arboreum, et saevo sic pectore fatur: 
■ Quae nunc deinde mora est, aut quid jam, Turne, re- 
tractas ? 890 

Non cursu, saevis certandum est comminus armis. 
Verte omnes tete in facies, et contrahe, quidquid 
Sive animis sive arte vales ; opta ardua pennis 
Astra sequi, clausumque cava te condere terra ! " 
Ille caput quassans : " Non me tua fervida terrent 
Dicta, ferox; di me terrent et Jupiter hostis." 895 

Nee plura effatus, saxum circumspicit ingens, 
Saxum antiquum, ingens, campo quod forte jacebat, 
Limes agro positus, litem ut discerneret arvis : 
Vixillud lecti bis sex cervice subirent, 



VERGILI AENEIS XII. 277 

Qualia nunc hominum producit corpora tellas: 900 

Ille manu raptum trepida torquebat in hostem, 
Altior insurgens, et cursu concitus heros. 
Sed neque currentem se nee cognoscit euntem, 
Tollentemve manus saxumve imniane moventem ; 
Genua labant, gelidus concrevit frigore sanguis. 905 
Turn lapis ipse viri, vacuum per inane volutus, 
Nee spatium evasit totuni, neque pertulit ictum. 
Ac velut in somnis, oculos ubi languida pressit 
Nocte quies, nequidquam avidos extendere cursus 
Telle videmur, et in mediis conatibus aegri 910 

Succidimus ; non lingua valet, non corpore notae 
Sufficiunt vires, nee vox aut verba sequuntur: 
Sic Turno, quacumque viam virtufe petivit, 
Successum dea dira negat. Turn pectore sensus 
Yertuntur varii. Rutulos aspectat et urbem, 915 

Cunctaturque metu, telumque instare tremescit ; 
Nee, quo se eripiat, nee, qua vi tendat in hostem, 
Nee currus usquam videt aurigamve sororem. 
Cunctanti telum Aeneas fatale coruscat, 
Sortitus fortunam oculis, et corpore toto 920 

Eminus intorquet. Murali concita numquam 
Tormento sic saxa fremunt, nee fulmine tanti 
Dissultant crepitus : volat atri turbinis instar 
Exitium dirum hasta ferens, orasque recludit 
Loricae, et clipei extremos septemplicis orbes. 925 

Per medium stridens transit femur. Incidit ictus 
Ingens ad terram duplicato poplite Turnus. 
Consurgunt gemitu Rutuli, totusque remugit 
Mons circum, et vocem late nemora alta remittunt. 
Ille humilis supplexque oculos, dextramque precantem 
Protendens, " Equidem merui, nee deprecor," inquit: 931 
" Utere sorte tua. Miseri te si qua parentis 
Tangere cura potest, oro, (fuit et tibi talis 
Anchises genitor,) Dauni miserere senectae, 
Et me, seu corpus spoliatum lumine mavis, 935 

Redde meis. Vicisti, et victum tendere palmas 
Ausonii videre ; tua est Lavinia conjunx: 
Ulterius ne tende odiis." Stetit acer in armis 



278 VERGILI AENEIS XII. 

Aeneas, volvens oculos, dextramque repressit ; 
Et jam jamque magis cunctantem flectere sermo 940 
Coeperat, infelix humero quum apparuit alto 
Balteus, et notis fulserunt cingula bullis 
Pallantis pueri, victum quem vulnere Turnus 
Straverat atque humeris inimicum insigne gerebat. 
Ule, oculis postquam saevi monumenta doloris 945 
Exuviasque hausit, furiis accensus, et ira 
Terribilis : " Tune hinc spoliis indute meorum 
Eripiare mihi ? Pallas te hoc vulnere, Pallas 
Immolat, et poenam scelerato ex sanguine sumit." 
Hoc dicens ferrum adverso sub pectore condit 950 

Fervidus. Ast illi solvuntur frigore membra, 
Vitaque cum gemitu'fugit indignata sub umbras. 




NOTES. 

(279) 



ABBREVIATIONS. 



cf., (confer,) — compare. 

diff., — difference. 

e conj., (e conjectura,) — from 
conjecture. 

e. g., (exempli gratia,) — for 
example. 

etc., (etcaetera,) — and the rest, 
and so forth. 

Gr., — Grammar or Grammars. 

i. e., (id est,) — that is. 

in fin., (in fine,) — at the end. . 

i. q., (idem quod,) — the same as. 

lit. , — literally. 

MS., MSS., — manuscript, manu- 
scripts. 

n., — note. 

P-» PP-, (pagina, paginae,)— ' 
page, pages. 

pi. or plur., — plural. 

pr., — pronounced. 

Prol. or Proleg., — Prolegomena. 

q. v., (quodvideas,) — which see. 

sc, (scilicet,) — understand, sup- 
ply. 

sing., — singular. 

sq. (sing.), sqq. (pi), (se- 
quens, sequentes), and the 
following. 

tr., — translates or translate. 



V. or Virg., — Virgil. 
Verg., — Vergilius. 




Commentators • 




A., . . 


Anthon. 




B., . . 

c, . . 

Fovb., . 
F jt Fr.. 


Bryce. 
Conington. 
Forbiger. 
Frieze. 




G., . . 


Gossrau. 




Hen., . 
H., . . 
J., . . 


SI* 




h, . . 
R., . . 


Ladewig. 
Ribbeck. 




Ru., . . 


Ruaeus. 




s., : . 


Schmitz. 




Serv., . 


Servius. 




W., . . 


Wagner. 



Grammars. 
A.or A.& G. , Allen $ Greenough's. 
A. & S., Andrews and Stoddard's. 
B., Bullions and Morris's. 
G., Gilder sleeve's. 
H., . . Harknesi s. 
M., . . Madvig's. 
Z., . . Zumpt's. 



Con., — Conington' 's Metrical Version. 
Hand. Tursel., — Hand's Tursellinus. 
Lex., — Andrews's Freund s Lexicon. 



%*% The usual abbreviations of the names of cases, moods, tenses, 
voices, etc., are employed. 

280 



NOTES TO 

VIRGIL'S AENEID. 

The " Ae-ne'-id" derives its name from its hero, Ae-ne'-as, a Troja* 
prince, the son of Anchises and Venus. Its subject is his "adven- 
tures, while sailing from Troy, after the destruction of that city, in 
search of a settlement, — his final landing in Italy, — and his triumphant 
struggle with his enemies and his rival, Turnus, in that country, leav- 
ing him free to marry Lavinia, the daughter of Latinus, king of the 
Latins, and to found Lavinium, the mother city of Rome." As a 
"valiant warrior and pious worshipper of the gods," Aeneas represents 
Virgil's ideal of the Roman people. Indirectly, the object of the poem 
is to gratify the pride of the Romans, to quicken their patriotism, to 
heighten their regard for religion, and to exalt their monarch, 
Augustus. 

" The grand religious idea which breathes throughout the Aeneid," 
says Merivale, "is the persuasion that the Romans are the sons and 
successors of the Trojans, the chosen race of heaven, of divine lineage 
and royal pretensions, whose destinies have engaged all the care of 
Olympus from the beginning, till they reach at last their consumma- 
tion in the blissful regeneration of the empire. It maintains the exist- 
ence of Providence as the bond of the Roman commonwealth. 'Yes! 
there are gods/ it proclaims, • and the glories of Rome demonstrate it.'" 

The first six books describe the adventures and wanderings of Aeneas 
before reaching his destined home in Italy, the last six his wars with 
Turnus and his allies. 

THE INSCRIPTION. 

These four lines, of doubtful authorship, form no part of the poem; 
they may have been prefixed, however, simply as an epigram, to some 
copies of the first book circulated by Virgil among his friends. Supply 
turn with modulatua and cano at the end of the fourth line. 

r28n 



BOOK 1. 

ARGUMENT. 

After stating the subject of the poem generally (1-7), invoking tht 
Muse (8-11), and accounting for the resentment of Juno to the Trojan 
race (12-33), Virgil, plunging at once into the middle of the action, (like 
Homer, Milton, and other great epic poets,) introduces his hero, in the 
seventh year of his wanderings after the destruction of Troy, just start- 
ing from Sicily and making for the Italian mainland. A tempest is sent 
forth against him by Aeolus, at the instigation of Juno, and drives his 
shattered ships on the coast of Africa (34-123). Neptune interferes to 
calm the storm (124-356). Aeneas lands, slays seven stags of immense 
size, gives one to each of the seven ships now remaining to him, and 
exhorts his fellow-exiles to patience and hope (157-207). The banquet 
of the ships' crews follows (208-222). Venus pleads the cause of her 
son, Aeneas, and of the Trojans, before Jupiter, and lays all the blame 
of their misfortunes on Juno. The king of the gods being moved by 
the appeal, discloses the decrees of the Fates, and consoles his daughter 
by the assurance of future prosperity and unbounded empire to the 
Trojans in their descendants, the Roman people (223-296). Mercury is 
sent down to render Dido friendly to Aeneas (297-304). Satisfied with 
the declaration of Jupiter, Venus descends to earth, and, in the guise 
of a huntress, presents herself to Aeneas, announces that the ships 
which he had supposed lost were safe in port, and shows the city of 
Carthage in progress of building by the Phoenician Dido (305-409). 
Aeneas, under cover of a cloud, enters Carthage in company with his 
faithful attendant, Achates (410-420). Description of rising Carthage 
(421-436). Aeneas visits the temple of Juno, and sees depicted on its 
Walls the battles and heroes of the Trojan war (437-493). Dido visits 
the temple (494-508). A deputation from the twelve missing ships of 
the Trojans waits on Dido, to complain of the outrages of her people, 
*nd bewails the loss of Aeneas (509-560). Dido consoles them, offers 
ihem either a temporary sojourn or a lasting home, and promises to 
Search for Aeneas (561-578). Instantly Aeneas and Achates become 

(282) 



book I. 283 

risible. * Aeneas thanks Dido for her generosity (579-612). Dido bids 
him welcome, sends food to the crews at the ships, and orders a splendid 
banquet in the palace (614-642). Aeneas sends for his son, Ascanius 
^643-656). Venus, substituting Cupid for Ascanius, inflames Queen 
Dido with a passionate love for her guest (657-722). The banquet in 
Dido's palace. The time passes in song and talk, till Dido begs Aeneas 
to tell the whole story of the fall of Troy and his seven years of wan- 
dering (699-756). 

1-3. Arma — litora. I sing of arms and the man, who first, from the 
coasts of Troy, by fate an exile, came to Italy and the Lavinian shores. — 
Italiam and litora, terminal accusatives after a verb of motion, the 
preposition in (which would be inserted in the best prose except before 
names of towns) being omitted by poetical usage. H. 379, 4; A. & 
G.258,6; G. 342,1; B.948. — Fato. H. 414; A. & S. 247; B. 873; 
A. 248. — Profugus. H. 363 ; A. & S. 204 ; B. 622 ; A. 184. — Lavinia, 
pronounced La-vin-ya. (H. 669, II. 3; A. & S. 306, (3); B. 1519, 3.) 
The epithet " Lavinian " is applied by anticipation to the shores where 
the city Lavinium was afterwards built by Aeneas. 

3. Hie, the one; in apposition with qui. — Jactatus and passus are 
participles agreeing with ille. — Terris et alto, on land and on the 
deep ; the preposition in is omitted before these ablatives of place, by 
a frequent poetical license similar to that in the omission of the prepo- 
sition before the accusatives in the second and third lines. Terris is pur- 
posely plural, (lit., lands,) Aeneas, while seeking a settlement, having 
been driven about from country to country. 

4. Superum, of the gods above. — Memorem, ever mindful, and 
therefore relentless. Well rendered by Conington in his translation 
of saevae memorem Junonis iram, " fell Juno's unforgetting hate." 

5. 6. Dum conderet urbem inferretque deos Latio, while he was 
striving to found a city and bring (his) gods into Latium, The idea 
of striving to found, striving to bring, is implied in the subjunctive after 
dum. H. 522, II. ; A. & S. 263, 4, (1) ; B. 1238 ; A. 328 ; GL 574. W. 
says "the subjunctive here expresses wish and inclination." S. gives con- 
deret a potential force : " till he was able to found." Others tr. "until 
he founded"; others, till he should found; (the purpose of the Fates.) 

6. Latio, dat., where in prose in with the ace. would be used. H. 379, 
5; A. & S. 225, IV., Rem. 2; B. 837; A. 225, b.— Genus unde La- 
tinum, whence arose the Latin race. It was the tradition that Aeneas 
united the Aborigines, whom he found in Italy, with the Trojans, undei* 
the name "Latins"; that his son Ascanius founded Alba; and that 
from his descendants arose the principal founders of Borne. 



284 NOTES. 

• 

8. Musa, i. e. Cal-li'-o-pe, daughter of Mne-m6*s-y-ne (or Memory) 
and Jupiter. — Quo numine laeso, what divine purpose of hers being 
thwarted: (qua voluntate Junonis neglecta. W.) (The answer is con- 
tained in lines 12-22.) — Numine. H. 430, 431; A. & S. 257; B. 965, 
966; A. 255. Others translate, for what slight of her divine majesty, 
some making quo abl. of cause, after laeso, others making it agree with 
the compound expression numine laeso, and the whole equivalent to 
quam ob laesionem numinis sui. 

9. Quidve dolens, or wherefore vexed (lit., or why grieving). Her 
grievances are stated in lines 26-28. Quid is ace. of specification, or 
adverbial accusative. — Deum, gen. plural. — Regina deum, Juno. — 
Tot VOlvere casus, to pass through so many vicissitudes. — Volvere, lit., 
4 to turn," " to roll/' is here used metaphorically, in the same way as 
we speak of "the wheel of Fortune." A. 331, a; G. 546, Rem. 1. 

10. Pietate. H. 414 ; A. & S. 247 ; B. 873 ; A. 245. ({ Pietas means 
natural affection, more particularly that from a child to a parent, and is 
thus applied to the veneration and grateful worship we pay to God/' B. 
" * Pietas * includes the performance of all duties to gods, parents, kins- 
men, friends, and country." C. — Tr. here piety. — Adire. A. 228, a. 

11. Impulerit. Subj. in a dependent clause introduced by the inter- 
rogatives quo and quid. H. 524, 525; A. & S. 265; A. 334. — Tan- 
taene, sc. sunt.— Ne. H.346, II. 1; A. & S.198,ll,(c); B. 1104; A. 210, 
a. — Animis. H. 387; A. & S. 226; B. 821; A. 231. — Irae. The 
plural is emphatic. " Nouns denoting an affection of the mind are fre- w 
quently found in the plural, expressing a greater intensity, or a greater 
fr equen cy and variety of the feeling expressed. So odia, gaudia, etc." 
/l&T'Fuit. H. 471, 1 ; A. 279, a ; G. 228, 1 ; B. 1095.— Tenuere governs 

ream understood, referring to urbs. Where is Tyre ? Where Carthage ? 

13. Contra, opposite. For the position of the preposition, see H. 602, 
II. ; A. 263, n. ; G. 414, 3. — Longe, at a great distance, far away. 

14. Opum. H. 399; A. & S. 213; B. 777, e, 766; A. 218, a, c; G. 
373, 6. — Studiis. H. 429 ; A. & S. 250, 1 ; B. 889 ; A. 253 ; G. 398. 

15. Terris. H. 417 ; A. & S. 256, 2 ; B. 895 ; A. 247. — Quam unam, 
which one, i. e., which in an especial degree, which pre-eminently. 

16. The student will notice, on scanning this line, that the final a in 
posthabita is long, which is a sign of the ablative case, (posthabita 
Sayio being in the abl. absolute,) and that the 6 in Samo is not elided; 
(H. 669; A. 359, e :) the hiatus between Samo and hie being excused 
by the csesural pause and the break in the sense, and by the facts 
that the 6 is in arsis, and is a Greek termination. — Posthabita Samo. 
Samos being less esteemed. In the island of Samos, in the Aegean sea, 
Juno was nurtured, and there she was married to Jupiter ; there, too, 



book i. 285 

was her oldest and most noble temple. — Coluisse, lit., to have inhab- 
ited, — the gods being " supposed to dwell particularly in those places 
which they took under their especial protection : " translate, to have 
cherished. H. 549, 4; A. & S. 271, Rem. 2; B. 1145; G. 528. 

16, 18. Hie, adverb. — Hoc refers to Carthage, but takes the gender 
of the following substantive. H. 445, 4; A. & G. 195, d. — Hoc regnum 
gentibus esse, that this may be the capital of the nations, instead of 
Rome. — Gentibus. H. 390, 2; A. & S. 227, R. A; B. 851; A. 235, a. 
Si qua, sc. via, if in any way. From the metre it is seen that qua is long, 
therefore abl.— Sinant. H. 503, III., 504; A. & S. 261, 2, and Rem. 2, 
at the end; B. 1271; A. 336; G. 554. — Jam turn, even then; even "in 
that early age, long before Carthage became the actual rival of Rome." C. 
Tenditque fovetque, she both strives and fondly cherishes the purpose. 

19. Sed enim audierat, (supply after sed " metuebat turn Cartha- 
gini,") but she feared for Carthage, for she had heard, etc.: enim, like 
the Greek ydp, often implying an ellipsis. — Duci, pres. inf. pass., with 
progeniem as its subject ace, and depending upon audierat. " The 
pres. infin. denotes the event as existing in the designs of fate." C. 

20. Verteret, weuld overturn. The subjunctive denotes probability 
or future destiny. — Tyrias arces. Why was the citadel of Carthage 
called Tyrian?' (See line 12.) —21. Hinc, from this source. 

21. Populum venturum (esse) and Parcas volvere (22), both ace 
with infin. depending upon audierat. — Late regem = late regnantem. 
So Horace, " late tyrannus," Od. 3, 17, 9. — Bello. H. 414, 2; A. & S. 
247, 1 ; B. 873 ; A. 245. Translate, in icar. 

22. Excidio Libyae, both dat. H. 390; A. & S. 227. By Libya is 
meant the whole of northern Africa. The Scipios, who were said to be 
of Trojan descent, destroyed Carthage (lines 19, 20) ; to the Roman 
people is ascribed the subjugation of the whole of Libya, — Numidia, 
Mauretania, and Egypt (lines 21, 22). — B. 848; A. 233; G. 350. 

23. Veteris, the old, i. e. the former. — -Satumia, the daughter of 
Saturn, Juno. The subject of arcebat in line 31. 

24. Prima, the foremost, she before all.— Quod, the relative pronoun, 
in prose would be placed before prima. — Ad, at. — Argis. Argos, the 
capital of Argolis, in the eastern part of the Peloponnesus, where Juno 
was worshipped with especial honor. — Pro. A. 236, R.; G. 344, 1. 

. 26. Mente, in omitted, by the usual poetical license. — Repostum, 
contracted for repositum, from repono. H. 703, 2 ; A. & S. 322, 4. 

27. Judicium Paridis. The decision in which Paris gave the golden 
apple, the prize of beauty, to Venus, over Juno and Minerva. — Spre- 
taeque injuria formae, and the affront of her slighted beauty, — the 
Insult which consisted in the slight to her beauty. Formae is explana- 



286 NOTES. 

tory gen., or, as H. calls it, gen. of specification. Z. 425; H. 396, V; 
A. & S. 211, Rem. 2, Note; B. 631; A. 214,// 292, a; G. 359; 667, 2. 

28. GeilUS invisum, the hated race of the Trojans; hated on account 
of her jealousy of Electra, the mother, by Jupiter, of Dardanus, the 
mythical ancestor of the Trojans. — Kapti, of the stolen. Ganymedes, 
a beautiful youth, who belonged to a later generation of the royal house 
of Troy, was stolen by Jupiter from his father Tros, and carried to 
Olympus, where he received the honor (honores) of being appointed 
cup-bearer to the gods, from which office Hebe, the daughter of Juno, 
was deposed to make room for him. 

29. His (rebus) is abl. of cause. — Super = insuper, moreover. The 
caesura after super is an argument for translating it adverbially in 
the first hemistich, rather than as a prep, governing aequore, as Jj. 
takes it.— Aeq. toto, H. 422, 1) ; A. & S. 254, R. 2, b ; B. 937, 3 ; A. 258,/. 

30. Troas. H. 68; A. 63, // G. 73. — Danaum, subjective gen. 
Bel. Danaum, i. e., who had been left by the Greeks. — Achilli. For 
this form of the gen., see H. 68 ; A. & S. 73, Rem. ; A. 43, a; G. 72. 

31. Arcebat. The imperf. tense finely marks the continued action, at 
the time the poem opens. — Latio. H. 425, 4) ; A. & G. 243, a; B. 916. 

32. Acti fatis, led by the fates. Their destiny forbids them to rest. 

33. Tantae molis erat. A work of so great labor was it. — Molis. 
H. 401 ; A. & S. 211, R. 8, and (3) ; B. 780; A. 214, b; G. 364, R. 

34. Virgil plunges in mediae res. — In altum, for the deep. 

35. Vela dabant, sc. ventis. — Salis = maris. — Aere, lit., with the 
brass, i. e., with their brazen prows. — Ruebant, were driving before 
them. C. More literally, were beating down, 

36. Sub pectore. Deep in her breast. C. 

37. Haec, sc. loquitur.— Mene, etc. 7, conquered, desist from my un- 
dertaking, and not be able, etc. ? Me is subject-accus. of the infinitives 
desistere and posse, and ne is an interrogative suffix, suggesting the 
ellipsis of a clause on which the infinitives depend, as, Is it possible, or 
/* it to be imagined, that I, conquered, should desist, etc. H. 553, III.; 

A. & S. 270, R. 2, (a) ; B. 1159 ; A. 274; G. 341. Cf. Cic. Tusc. I. 41, 98. 

38. In what case is Italia? H. 615, Exc. 1; A. & S. 294, 1, Exc; 

B. 1471, 1 ; A. 348, 4 ; G. 704, 1, 1.— 39. Quippe, forsooth. Ironical. 

40. Argivum, for Graecorum ; a part for the whole. 

41. Unius, (H. 149, 2 ; A. & S. 283, I, Exc. 4,) of one only.— Noxam. 
The crime of Ajax was his offering violence to Cassandra in the temple 
of Minerva.— Ajacis Oili, of Ajax, the son of O-i-leus.—Oili. H. 397, 
1; A. & S. 211, R. 7, (1,); A. 214, b. Many editions read Oilei. See 
note on Achilli, line 30. — Ob noxam. A. 245, b; H. 414, 2, 3), (1). 



book i. 287 

42. Jovis rapidum ignem, t. e., the thunderbolt 

44, 45. Him (i.e. Ajax) breathing forth (the lightning) flames from 
his pierced breast, she (i. e. Pallas) caught up with the whirling blast (of 
the thunderbolt), and impaled him upon a pointed rock, 

46. Divum. The student will recognize the mark of contraction 
Indicating the genitive plural. — Regina. H. 362, and % 2), (1) ; A. & 
S. 210; B. 666; A. 176; G. 324. 

47. Soror. Both Jupiter and Juno were children of Saturn. — Con- 
junx = conjux. See Lex.— Annos. H.378; A.& S.236; B.950; A. 256. 

48. Bella. The plural denotes a continuous struggle, in contrast 
with the single blow of Pallas. — Gero, / am waging for so many years. 

48, 49. Et quisquam, etc. And does any one, after this, adore the 
divinity of Juno, or xoill any one as a suppliant place an offering on her 
altars ? Notice the absence of any interrogative particle. 

51. Loca. H. 363 ; A. & S. 204, Rem. 3 ; B. 625 ; A. 183. For the 
form see H. 141; A. & S. 92, I. 2; B. 186; A. 79, c — Austria. H. 
419, III.; A. & S. 250, 2, (1); B. 776; A. 248, c; G. 389, 3. 

52. Aeoliam. H. 379, 3, (2) ; A. 258, n. 2 ; G. 342, 1. Aeolia, one 
of the Lipari isles, northeast of Sicily. — Antro, poetical abl. of place, 
with the omission of the preposition in. It is to be taken with ventos 
luctantes. — Aeolus was the fabled king of the winds. 

53. Observe in this line (and often in Virgil) the onomatopoeia, or 
adaptation of the sound of the words, and the rhythm of the verse, to 
the sense conveyed. — Luctantes, struggling to break loose. 

58. Ni faciat. Unless he do (this). We might have expected the 
imperf. subj. instead of the pres., since the supposition (of his not doing 
this: ni, if not, or unless) is contrary to fact. But the use of the present 
makes the sentence more animated, suggesting that it all depends upon 
his will, whether he control the winds or not. So in the consequent 
clause, ferant verrantque denote, as L. says, " the possible and probable 
consequence, while the imperf. subj. would indicate the necessary con- 
sequence." The imperf. might have been used both in the protasis and 
in the apodosis : the effect of the use of the present is to make the pic- 
ture more vivid, and to bring the action before our eyes. u The pres- 
ent," says C, expresses "the greater imminence of that which is 
prevented or averted." Bryce, by the use of the fut. indie, in his trans- 
lation, perhaps comes as near to giving the force of the construction as 
we can in English : " Unless he do this, they will assuredly (quippe) 
bear away with them, in rapid course, seas, and continents, and lofty 
heaven, and sweep them through the air." Cf. Aen. II. 599 ; VI. 292 .• 
and XI. 912. See H. 504 and 1; A. 307, b; G. 598, R. 2; B. 1271, 

61. Molem et montes. Hendiadys for molem montium. H. 704, II. 



288 NOTES. 

2; A. & S. 323, 2, (3.) The clause introduced by et is epexegetical or 
explanatory, so that et might be translated even. Compare the use of 
-que in line 2. — Insuper, above them. 

62. Foedere certo, by (or in accordance with) a fixed law. 

63. Qui SCiret, that he might know. H. 500 ; A. & S. 264, 5 j B. 1212 ; 
1205; A. 317; G. 632. — 64. Vocibus. H. 419, V. and 1 ; A. & S. 245, 
and 247, 3 ; B. 880, 881 ; A. 249, 248 ;• G. 405, 403. 

65. Namque. Kal yap. An ellipsis, rather to be felt than supplied 
in words, is here implied: and rightly do I call upon thee, for, etc. 

67. The Tyrrhene sea lies between Italy and the islands of Sicily, Sar- 
dinia, and Corsica. Aequor. nav. A bold idiom, used also in English. 

69. Submersas obrue = submerge et obrue. H. 579; A. & S. 274, 
3, (b) ; B. 1350 ; A. 292, Rem. ; G. 667, Bern. 1. 

71. Corpore. H. 428; A. & S. 211, Rem. 6; B. 888; A. 251, a. 

72. How does the metre show th&t fo-nna is in the abl. and pulcherima 
in the nom. ? H. 615, and Exc. 1 ; A. 348, 4 ; G. 704, and Exc. — Quae, 
(sc. est,) the one who is. — Forma. H. 429, 1; A. & G. 253; B. 889. 

73. Connubio. See Metrical Index. — Propriam, thine fore ver. 

75. Pulchra prole. Same rule as corpore, line 71. This is substan- 
tially the same explanation as that which makes it an abl. absolute of 
descriptive concomitant. Some take it as abl. of means with faciat. 

76. Contra, in reply. — O^tes, H. 525; A. & S. 265; A. 334. 

78. Quodcumque hoc regni, this realm of mine, whatever it is: "this 
poor realm of mine," the quodcumque being depreciative, as in Book 
IX. 287. — Regni. H. 396, III ; A. & S. 212, Rem. 3. Gen. of the genus, 
not of the whole, in the ordinary sense. — Jovem, i; e. Jupiter's favor. 

79. Epulis. H. 386; A. & S. 224; B. 826, 827; A. 228; G. 346. 

80. Nimborum. H. 399, and 2, 2, (3) ; A. & S. 213, and Rem. 1, (3.) 
Virgil probably refers to some physical theory or legend connected with 
the character of Juno as queen of the air. C. — B. 765 ; A. 218, a. 

81. Haec ubi dicta. Supply dedit, which after ubi is translated as 
pluperfect. When he had uttered these words. — Cavum — latUS. Aeolus, A 
going to the cave, pushed the mountain on the side with his spear 
turned towards it (conversa), and so opened the " claustra," which are 
to be conceived of as folding-doors opening inwards. Hen. and C. 

82. Velut agmine facto, "as if formed in column of march ; " i.e. 
with one accord ; lit- a column of march being formed, as it were. 

83. Qua data (est) porta, where an outlet is given, through the 
t( claustra," so opened. 

84. Incubuere mari. "Heavily they are fallen on the sea." Notice 
the instantaneous effect expressed by the transition to the perfect, here 
*nd in line 90. C. 



book I. 289 

85. Ruunt, her.e transitive, governing totum (mare), line 84 : upheave 
— Creber procellis = procellosus. W. 

87. Notico the fitness of the words and metre to the sense. What is 
the effect of the spondees in the preceding line? — 89. Oc.A. 229, a* 

90. Intonuere poli, lit., the poles have thundered; i. e., it has thun- 
dered from pole to pole. 

92. Aeneae, dative. Instead of the poet's saying directly, and in a 
prose-like way, " the limbs of Aeneas," Aeneas is put in the dative, as 
the person in relation to whom the action described in the sentence takep 
place, the person whose interest is affected. A. & S. 222 ; M. 241, and 
Obs. 3. Some grammarians would call this simply a use of the dat. for 
the possessive gen.; but it means more than a genitive, and is best 
explained by calling it dative of relation or reference, under the spe- 
cial head of dative of disadvantage. Where in prose the gen. or abl. 
would be used, as giving the idea simply and directly, the poets often 
prefer the dative : the dative expressing relations more vaguely and 
indirectly, and therefore more delicately, than the other cases. From 
the difference of idiom between English and Latin, we are often obliged 
to translate such passages in the less subtile, prosaic manner, as here : 
the limbs of Aeneas are relaxed, etc. — Frigore, with chilling fear. Fefir 
cjjills, by checking the current of the blood. 

95. Quis = quibus, dat. pi. with Contigit : tohose happy lot it toas. 

97. Tydide, (voc. of Tydides,) Tydens' son, Diomedes, next to Achillea 
the bravest of the Greeks at Troy. With him Aeneas engaged in single 
combat (II. V. 239), and would have been slain but for the intervention 
of Venus and Apollo. — Mene, etc. That I could not have fallen / etc. 
See note on line 37. The ellipsis here (which it is unnecessary to sup- 
ply in the translation) is of some clause like Nonne indignum est ? 

99. Aeacidae, Achilles, (grandson of Aeacus,) the hero of the Iliad, — 
bravest of the Greeks, and the foremost champion in the Trojan war. — 
Jacet, lies in death, (as in Greek, Kurai.) The present tense is used, 
as the scene is still fresh in memory. Cf. II. 275, 663 ; III. 3 ; XI. 
172. — Hector, eldest son of Priam king of Troy, was the chief hero of 
the Trojans in their war with the Greeks. 

100. Sarpedon, sc. jacet. Sarpedon, son of Jupiter and Laodameia, 
was king of the Lycians and an ally of Troy. He was slain by Achil- 
les's friend, Patroclus. — Ingens, the huge, refers to his size. — SimoJB, 
a river near Troy. — TJbi — VOlvit, where the Simois rolls along so many 
shields of heroes, etc, snatched (or hurried away, correpta) beneath i.e 
waves. 

102. Jactanti, sc. ei, to him uttering, (lit. ejaculating.) The pronoun 
19 Vir. 



cjjii 



290 NOTES. 

to be supplied i3 a dative of the person whose interest is affected, (a 
dative of disadvantage,) annexed, like Aeneae in line 92, not to a single 
word, but to the whole predicate (stridens . . . tollii). The present par- 
ticiple represents the time as contemporaneous with that of the prin- 
cipal verbs, ferit and tollit : whilst he is uttering. "The dat. of a parti- 
ciple is occasionally used to denote when or under ichat circumstances 
a thing shows itself or occurs." M. 241, Obs. 6. -— H. 578, 1. ; A. & S. 274, 
3; B. 1350; A. 235. Stridens Aquilone, holding with the north wind. 

103. Adversa. The force of this adjective agreeing with procella, 
appears in the translation of velum adversa ferit, " strikes the sail full 
in front." 

105. Cumulo, in a mass. Ablative of manner. C calls it an adver- 
bial ablative. 

107. Areilis, with the sand. 

109, 110. Rocks the Italians call the Arae, which (lie) in the midst of 
the waves, — a huge reef at the surface of the sea. So H., W., and L. 
Arae was a name given to the Aegimiiri, some small rocky islands off 
the coast of Carthage. C. omits the commas after Itali an&fluctibus, 
and would translate the passage : Rocks which, rising in the midst of 
the waves, the Italians call Arae. With our reading, the sense of lines 
108 sqq. is : Three ships the south wind has caught and hurls upon 
hidden rocks, (i.e. hidden in the storm, for in a calm they are visible;) 
I say rocks, for so, and not islands, the Italians call the Arae, etc. — 
Mari. H. 422, 1; A. & S. 254, Rem. 3; B. 948; A. 258, /. — Summo. 
H. 441, 6; A. & S. 205, Rem. 17; B. 662; A. 193. 

111. Miserable. H. 438, 3 ; A. & S. 205, Rem. 8 : B. 660 ; A. 189, d; 
G. 323. — Visu. H. 570 ; A. & S. 276, III. ; B. 1365 ; A. 303 ; G. 437. 

113. Oronten. H. 68 ; A. 63 ; G. 71. The name Orontes was in- 
rented by Virgil as that of a leader of the Lycians, one of the com- 
panions of Aeneas. "Fidus is a natural epithet of an ally who had 
followed the fortunes of Troy, not only during the siege, but in exile." 
— C. 

114. Ipsius, i.e. of Aeneas. — A vertice, (=Kar* uKprjg, Horn. Od. 5, 
313,) from above, — "from the point to which the wave has risen, so as 
to stand vertical to the ship, and to descend perpendicularly, or ' right 
down' upon the stern." — F. 

115. Ferit, sc. navem. — Magister, the helmsman ; i. e. Leucaspis. 
See VI. 334. 

118. Rari nantes, swimming here and there. "Rari" is contrasted 
with "vasto." Scan the line. The spondees denote effort, while rapid 
motion is represented by the dactyles in the preceding line. 



BOOK J. 291 

119. Tabulae, planks, boards. 

120. The names of Ilioneus and Abas are found in the Iliad, but the 
persons are different, both being killed in Homer. Achates is often 
named by Virgil as the faithful friend and armor-bearer of Aeneas. 
Aletes is a fictitious name. 

121. Qua vectus (est) Abas, the one in which Abas was borne. 

122. Hiemps = tempestas. On the parasitic^? see A. 11, c / G. 41. 

123. Imbrem, flood. 

125, 126. Supply esse with both emissam and refusa. These perfect 
infinitives represent an action as past at the time of the action of the 
verb (sensit) on which they depend, while the present inf. in the pre- 
ceding line, misceri, represents an action as contemporaneous with that 
of the principal verb. Neptune perceived that the sea was agitated, and 
that a storm had been sent forth, etc. — Et imis stagna refusa (esse) 
Vadis, and that the deep waters had been upheaved from their lowest 
depths. " Stagna" (lit. the standing waters) = the still waters at a con- 
siderable depth below the surface. — Vadis, abl. of point of departure, 
prep, omitted by poetical usage. H. 422, 2 ; A. & S. 255, Rem. 3, (b.) 

126, 127. Alto prospiciens, looking forth on the deep. " Alto," dat. 
H. 379, 5; A. & S. 225, IV, Rem. 2; B. 837 j A. 225, b; G. 344, 3. 

127, Summa UUda, from the top of the wave. 

129. Caelique ruina, and the downfall of the shy. (In the fierce 
rains and wind and blinding mists, the skies themselves seem to be fall- 
ing.) A bold expression, but we need not fear to render it literally. It 
is not necessary, in translating from one language into another, to turn 
poetry into prose. 

130. Latuere fratrem, were hid from her brother (Neptune). H. 371, 
3; A. & S. 223, Rem. 2, (1,) (a.); B. 716; A. 239, d; G. 333, Rem. 1. 

132. Generis fiducia vestri, confidence in your race y i. e. in your 
semi-divine origin, as the sons of the Titan Astraeus and Aurora. 

133. C. represents the force of jam in this line by the translation, "Is 
it come to this, that," &c. — Meo sine numine, without my divine will, 
i. e. icithout my assent. — Tantas moles, i. e. such mountains of waves. 

135. Q.U0S ego — . Neptune abruptly breaks off, calming himself to 
quell the tumult. It may be safely left to the student to complete in 
thought the sentence left unfinished. Grammarians call this mode of 
speaking Aposiopesis. H. 704, 1, 3 ; A. & S. 324, 33. See an instance 
in Exodus, xxxii. 32. See also Aeneid, II. 100 ; V. 195. — A. p. 299. 

136. Post, hereafter, another time. — Non simili poena, i. e. a pun- 
ishment by no means so lenient as mere reproof. 

138. Saevum, stern; the badge of stern authority. 



292 NOTES. 

139. Sorte. The distribution of power between Jupiter, "Neptune, 
and Pluto was said to have been made by lot. Datum, sc. esse; infin. 
with subject-acc. [imperium and tridentem) in oratio obliqua. 

140. Vestras, your, referring to the whole company of the winds, 
although only one of them, Eurus, is named. — Se jactet, i. e. let Aeolus 
display his power. Subjunctive of permission, as is regnet (141). 

141. ClausO carcere. Abl. absolute of condition : provided the prison 
of the winds be closed (or barred). 

142. Dicto citius. H. 417, 6; A. & S. 256, Rem. 9; B. 902; A. 247, b. 
Before he had done his speech, the waters were calm. 

144. Cymothoe et Triton. Sea-deities ; C. a daughter of Nereus and 
Doris, (but, according to Hesiod, one of the Oceanides ;) T. a son of Nep- 
tune, generally represented in painting and sculpture with a trumpet 
made of a conch. — Annixus refers both to Cymothoe and to Triton. 

145. Levat, raises them (i.e. the ships). — Ipse, Neptune. 

147. Levibus. From leois, or lecis? Determine by scanning the 
line. — Hildas. H. 371, 4,1); A. & S. 233 ; B. 718; A. 237, d; G. 330. 

148-156. This simile is remarkable as an illustration of Nature from 
man, the reverse of which is the general rule in Virgil, as in Homer. — C. 

148. Join quum with ac veluti : and as when. — Saepe = ut saepe fit, 
as often happens. — Magno in populo, in a great concourse of people. 

149. Animis, in their minds. H. 429 ; A. &, S. 250, 1, and Rem. ; 
B. 889; A. 253; G. 397. 

150. Jamque, and at last. — Faces, firebrands. 

151. Pietate ac meritis. H. 414, 2 ; A. 245 ; G. 407. — Gravem, lit. 
of weight, venerable. " Pietate," on account of his reverence to the gods 
and the purity of his life ; " meritis," his services to the state. — Virum 
quern, some man. " Quern" is an indefinite pronoun. H. 189; A. & 
S. 137, Rem. (3); B. 249; A. 104, 105, d; G. 302. 

152. Adstant, stand attentive. "Ad" expresses attention. So, too, 
II. 303. — 154. Aequora, obj. of prospiciens, looking forth on. 

155. Genitor, Neptune. Genitor, like pater and mater, is often applied 
to deities simply as a title of honor. — Caelo aperto, abl. absol. of 
attendant circumstnnce: "with clear sky all round him." 

156. Curruque — secundo. And flying on his swift-gliding chariot 
gives the reins to his steeds (equis understood). So W., Forb., and J., 
making curru poetical abl. of place. Others take curru as the contracted 
dat. for currui, depending on dat lora. " Secundus (derived from 
tequor) = following (the swift horses), lightly following, smoothly 
gliding. 

157. Aeneadae, lit. the sons of Aeneas, here used of his followers. — 



book I. 293 

$uae — petere. The order is, " contendunt petere cursu litora quae (sunt) 
proxima." The quae supplies the place of an article, as in English w« 
should say for q. p. I. simply the nearest shores. 158. Vertuntur, turn. 

159. In secessu longo, in a deep retiring bay. 

160. ObjectU laterum, by the shelter of its sides. 

160, 161. Quibus — reductOS, by which every wave from the deep i* 
broken, and divides itself into receding curves. So H., Forb., B., L. 
Others, as W. and C, translate inque — reductos, "and parts itself into 
the deep hollows of the shore." 

162. Minantur, tower; more literally, rise threateningly. 

164. Silvis SCaena Coruscis, a background of waving woods. H. 428 ; 
A. 251; G. 402. "Scena" was the wall which closed the stage be- 
hind ; here it is that which closes the view. Coruscis more literally 
flashing, " glancing at intervals with tremulous light whilst they are 
moved by the winds." H. — Abl. of quality rather than material. 

165. Desuper, from above, i.e. on the hills receding from the water. 
To be taken with imminet. — Horrenti, rough, shaggy, bristling. Yet 
the derived meaning, causing dread, awful, may, as Heyne suggests, be 
combined with the literal meaning, and some prefer to give it alone in 
translating this passage. 

166. Sub fronte, beneath the brow of the cliffs. — Adversa, facing 
you, — opposite one entering the harbor; and therefore at the head of 
the cove. — Scopulis pendentibus antrum, a cave formed of overhang- 
ing rocks, i. e. rocks hollowed out by the water. Scopulis, abl. of mate- 
rial, " ablativus rei efficients." H. 425, 1 ; A. 244; G. 396. 

167. Vivo saxo, of the living (i. e. unhewn, unquarried) rock. — Saxo, 
another instance of the abl. of material, which is a form of the abl. of 
source. 

168. The Nymphs personated the sweet and lovely aspects of Nature, 
as did the Satyrs the wild and grotesque. — Hie, in hoc portu. 

172. Arena. To find the rule for the abl. after potior, consult the 
index of any good grammar, (if you are not already sufficiently familiar 
with the grammar to find the rule without the aid of the index.) Thift 
hint will apply to many other passages. 

173. Ponunt, stretch. — Sale tabentes, dripping with brine. 

174. Silici. H. 386, 2 ; A. & S. 224, Rem. 2 ; B. 829 ; A. 229 ; G. 344. 

175. Foliis, abl. of means. — Circumdedit. Tmesis. 

176. Rapuit, quickly kindled. — Fomite, the fuel. 

177. Cer eTem=frumentum, wheat. Ceres, the goddess of the fruits 
of the earth, and especially of what we call the cereal grains, is here 
used by metonymy for grain itself. H. 705, II; A. & S. 324, 2. — Ce- 



294 notes. 

realia arma, utensils for the preparation of food from wheat or other 
kinds of corn ; as the hand-mill and kneading-trough. 

178. Fessi rerum, weary of their misfortunes. H. 399, 3, 4); A. & S. 213, 
Rem. 2 ; B. 767; 3d, 1. Gen. of cause or source. A. 218, c ; G. 374, 2. 

179. Torrere flammis. The grain was parched in order that it 
might be ground the more easily. — Ee — et, both — and. 

181. Pelago, seaward, over the sea. Dat. (=in pelagus) after the 
verbal noun prospectum, as alto after the verb itself prospicere, line 126. 
H. 392, I ; A. 227, d ; G. 355. — Anthea si quem videat, if he can see 
Antheus anywhere (lit. any Antheus). Antheus, i. e. the ship which 
Antheus commanded. A. 334, f; G. 462, 2 ; H. 525, 1. 

182. Phrygias, i. e. Trojan, Troy being included in Phrygia Minor. 

183. Anna, i. e. the shields and helmets hung at the stern of the vessel. 
Cf. VIII. 92, X. 80. 

187. Constitit hie, here (i. e. in the valley) he took his stand. 

190. Cornibus, to be connected with alta. — Vulgus, the common 
herd. 

191. Miscet, scatters (or drives) in confusion. 

193. Fundat and aequet. The indie, would express historically the 
fact; the subjunctive denotes here the motive which Aeneas had in the 
perseverance shown in the words nee absistit. H. 523, II, and 1 ; A. & 
S. 263, 3.— Humi. H. 423, II, and 424, 2 ; A. & S. 221, Rem. 3. This 
form is really the old locative case of humus, i being the locative end- 
ing ; as domi, in the house, at home. This latter form is locative only, 
as the genitive, of a house, is always domus, and this noun should be 
declined as having seven cases. It is improper to call such forms as 
Romae (originally Romai), at Rome, Corinthi, at Corinth, genitives; 
they are really locatives. 

194. Hinc = postea, then. — In = inter. 

195. Order : Deinde dividit vina, quae, etc. Deinde pronounced as two 
syllables. — Bonus, i.e. generous. — Quae cadis onerarat, which good 
Acestes, the hero, had stowed in casks. The prose construction would 
be the ace. with the abl. quibus cados onerarat. " Cadis," another in- 
stance of the fondness of poets for the dative. H. 379, 5; A. & G. 225, 
d; G. 348. Onerarat contracted for oneraverat. H. 234; A. & S. 162, 
7, (a.) — Acestes, a king of Sicily, son of a Trojan woman, had hospitably 
entertained Aeneas and his companions during the winter just passed. 

198. Enim gives the ground of some proposition understood, as "We 
must not despair." F. — Ante malorum, of former evils. H. 583, and 
2; A. & S. 205, Rem. 11, (b); B. 997; A. 188, d; G. 440. 

200. Penitus to be taken with sonantes. See III. 432. Rabiem and 






book i. 295 

penitus sonantes (=intus latrantes) probably have reference to the dogs 
with which Scylla is encircled in Virgil. On this and the next lines 
see also III. 555-681, and notes.— Scyllaeam. A. 190 ; G. 360, Rem. 1. 

201. Accestis, contracted for accessistis. H. 234, 3 ; A. & G. 128, 
b. — Cyclopea. So all the MSS.; but many editors, after Heinsius, 
write Cyclopia. 

202. Experti, sc. estis. 

203. Et haec, these also. 

204. Discrimina rerum, perils of fortune. F. " Discrimen, the 
turning-point, as implying the decision" 

207. Rebus secundis, dat. for prosperous fortunes. " Secundus," 
derived from sequor, and meaning originally following, (which is the 
origin of its use as an ordinal numeral,) is applied in sailing to a wind 
" that follows fast," and hence acquires a general meaning of favorable, 
prosperous. 

209. Vultu, abl. of means. — Corde. A. 254, a; G. 384, 2. 

210. Se accingunt, gird themselves, gird up their loins. The ancients 
generally wore long flowing robes; hence, when there was work to be 
done, they found it necessary to gird tight their loose garments ; and 
thus se accingere and similar expressions came to signify to prepare 
for work or for action. The student will remember instances in the 
Bible. 

211. Costis, dat. after deripiunt. See note on line 174. 

212. Secant, so. viscera. — Pars secant. H. 461, and 1; A. & S. 209, 
Rem. 11; B. 648, 2; A. 205, c. — Veribus, abl. of instrument. 

213. Aena locant. Commentators differ as to the purpose of heating 
the water, whether it was for bathing or for cooking. Boiled meat was 
unknown to the Homeric age; but Virgil may have introduced (as he 
often does) the habit of his own time. 

215. Implentur, they fill themselves. The passive voice in Latin is 
sometimes used like the Greek middle. — Bacchi, i.e. wine. (See note 
on Cererem, line 177.) H. 410, 7, 2 ; A. & S. 220, 3 ; B. 787 ; A. 223. 

216. Exempta, sc. est. — Remotae, sc. 6unt. Mensae remotae is not 
appropriate to this occasion, for the Trojans were stretched upon the 
grass (line 214) ; but it is the general phrase for concluding a meal, 
derived from the Roman practice of removing the tables. 

218. Inter governs spem and metum. A. & S. 279, 10, (f.) 

219. Extrema pati = perire. — Vocatos, i. e. si vocentur. W. Many 
commentators think that Virgil alludes to the "conclaniatio" at the 
moment of death, when the nearest relative or friend called upon the 
deceased by name with the exclamation " ave ! " or " vale ! " Henry gsei 



296 NOTES. 

so far as to suppose that the " conclamatio " actually takes place in 
this instance. — Exaudire, hear from a distance, 

220-222. Orontes, Amycus, Lycus, Gyas, and Cloanthus, were all 
companions of Aeneas. 

221. Secum is connected with gemit ; by himself, not openly. 

223. Finis, an end of their lamentation. So Conington. 

224. Despiciens — velivolum, looking down on the sail-winged sea. 

228. Tristior, quam solita. H. 444, 1. ; A. & S. 256, Rem. 9. (a); B. 
902 ; A. 93, a.— Oculos. H. 380, and 1; A. & S. 234, II.; B. 728; A. 240, c. 

229. qui regis, thou who rulest, etc.— 231. A. 288, a; G. 246, 1. 
231. Aeneas, sc. potuit, (can .... have committed). — In, against. 

233. Ob Italiam, i. e. to prevent their reaching Italy. — ClauditUT. 
In prose we should have had the subjunctive, inasmuch as quibus after 
quid tantum potuere committer e, is equivalent to ut iis. The indicative 
states a thing as an actual fact, and is often preferred by the poets on 
account of its greater vivacity. 

234. Hinc, i. e. ab his Trojanis. — Romanos fore. Accus. with inf. 
depending upon pollicitu's (line 237). — Volventibus, revolving. Tran- 
sitive verbs, principally those denoting change, are often used intransi- 
tively, or with the force of the Greek middle voice. S. 

235. Revocato, *, e. revived, restored ; i. e. after the national extinc- 
tion of Troy. — Teucer, the most ancient king of Troy; its iforaulus. 

236. Omni dicione, with full sovereignty ; lit. with every kind of 
sovereignty, — as Serv. says, " pace, legibus, bello." — Qui — tenerent. 
H. 501, and I; A. & S. 264, 1, (a) and (b). Tr.who should hold; this 
English form, like the Latin, implying the destiny of the subject of the 
verb. 

237. Pollicitu's, for pollicitus es, by elision and aphaeresis. H. 669, 
I, 4, and 703, 1 ; A. & S. 305, 2, (2), and 322, 2. Many editors read 
pollicitus, which they translate as a participle, and look upon the 
clause as an anacoluthon (for a definition of which word consult a gram- 
mar by the aid of the index.) 

238. Hoc, sc. promi8so. — Occasum solabar, etc.) I was wont to console 
m yself for the fall, etc. 239. Fa tis, against happier fa tes. (Price.) 

'242. Antenor, a nephew of Priam, led a colony of Trojans and of 
Heneti after the fall of Troy to Venetia, at the head of the Adriatic. 
(Liv. I. i.) 

243. Penetrare, to make his way through or past. — Intima, i e. 
lying far inward. 

245. Between the source (fontem) of the Timavus and the sea (a dis- 
tance of about a mile) there are subterranean communications, through 



book I. 297 

which the salt-water is forced by storms, breaking out at the fountain 
through seven mouths or holes (Virgil says nine) in the limestone rock, 
and disgorging upon the land. (C. following Henry.) 

246. It proruptum, the sea goes bursting up. — Unde, i. e., from the 
river. 

247. Hie tamen, here for all that, — in spite of all these dangers. — 
Patavi, of Patavium, the modern Padua. H. 52, 1, and 396, V ; A. 
& S. 52, and 204, Rem. 6 ; B. 64, 631 ; A. 43, b; 214,// G. 359. 

248. Arxna fixit, £ e. hung up his arms and those of his comrades, 
(and consecrated them to some god,) in token that their sufferings by 
flood and field were over. 

249. Compostus, contracted from compositus. H. 703, 2; A. & S. 
322,4. Commentators generally translate it buried. C. takes "com- 
postus pace" as used of the repose of a peaceful life. Tr. laid to rest. 

251. Infandum. In apposition with the clause navibus amissis. — 
Unius, i. e. Junonis. 

254. Olli, an old form of illi, to her. The occasional introduction 
of archaic forms, both in ancient and modern poets, gives a certain 
dignity to their style. 

256. Libavit = leviter tetigit. — Natae, dat. See notes on Aeneae 
(line 92), and Jactanti (line 102). — Dehinc. Pronounced as one syl- 
lable, delncy by synaeresis. 

257. Metu, dative; H. 117, 3; A. & S. 89, 3.— -Syntax, H. 385; A. 
227; G. 345. — CytherSa, goddess or queen of Cythera; an epithet 
of Venus from the island in the Aegean sea, where her worship was 
first introduced from Asia, or where, in the figurative language of 
mythology, she sprang from the foam of the sea. 

258. Tibi, Ethical dat. connected with the whole sentence : " To 
thy comfort." H. 389 ; A. & G. 236 ; G. 351.— Lavini. H. 52, 1 ; 
A. & S. 52 ; B. 64 j A. 40, b; G. 29, 1. 

261. Hie, i. e. Aeneas. — Tibi, ethical dat. of the person who will be 
pleased by the action described. Thou shalt see him victorious in Italy. 

262. Longius VOlvens, unrolling farther. " Volvens" is a metanhor 
from a book unrolled. Jupiter says he will open yet further the secrets 
that lie in the book of fate. — Movebo, i. e. I will bring (them) forth, 
utter them. Cf. Ovid. Met. 14, 20. 

263. Italia, for in Italia. See note on terris et alto t line 3. 

264. Mores, institutions. 

265. Aeneas is to reign for three years, Ascanius for thirty, the Alban 
kings for three hundred, but to the empire of Rome no limit is fixed.—* 
Bum, until. — Latio = in Latio. — Vi&erit, f ut. perf. H. 522, 1. — Hi 
berna — hibernorum tempora, winters. 



298 NOTES. 

266. Rutulis. Dat. of reference, after transierint. Lit. for, as 
regards. But the general idea is, "after the conquest of the Rutu- 
lians. ' W. quotes a similar use of the Greek dat. from Demosth. in 
Mid. c. 24. 

267. Iulo. Dat. by attraction in apposition with cut. In what two 
other cases might it have been put? H. 387, and 1 and 2; A. & S. 204, 
Rem. 8, (a), and (b); B. 632, 622, 631; A. 231, b, c ; G. 322. 

268. Res Ilia, the Ilian state. Res = respublica. — Regno, in its 
power. Abl. showing in what respect the signification of stetit is taken. 

269. Magnos orbes = annos. — Volvendis. A. 296, n ; G. 427, 1. 
— As volvendis = volventib us, mensibus is abl. absolute. 

271. Alba, or Alba Longa, was built on the Alban mount, on the 
north-eastern shore of the lake Albanus, and called, according to Sir 
William Gell, the " long white " town, from its being built chiefly in 
one long street, and from its white houses, or the white (or gray) rocks 
on which it stood. But Alba is probably from Alp, a mountain height. 

273-4. Sacerdos, regina, Ilia. Fr. translates these words as fol- 
lows : A priestess, daughter of a king, of the house of Ilus. Rhea Sylvia, 
or Ilia, a Vestal virgin, by Mars the mother of Romulus and Remus 
(geminam prolem), was the daughter of the Alban king Numitor. 

275. Lupae nntricis. The infants Romulus and Remus were said 
to have been nourished by a she- wolf. 

279. Quin, nay, even (qui-n;? why not?). 

281. Consilia — referet, shall change her plans for the better. 

282. Togatam. The toga was the characteristic dress of the Ro- 
mans. 

283. Placitum, sc. est mild. 

284-5. Aeneas was the great-grandson of Assaracus, the son of Tros. 
Phthia (a city of Phthia or Phthiotis, in the S.E. of Thessaly) was the 
home of Achilles, Mycenae (in Argolis) of Agamemnon, Argos of Dio- 
mede. — Argis, dat. H. 385; A. 227; G. 345. 

286. Caesar, i. e. Augustus. 

287. Qui terminet. This pres. subj., in a relative clause depending 
upon a verb in the future tense, and denoting destiny, is translated by 
the auxiliary shall. See note on qui — tenerent, line 236. 

288-90. Augustus, having been adopted by C. Julius Caesar, received 
the nomen (Julius) of the Julian gens. The Caesars traced their origin 
to Ascanius, for whom the name lulus (as the original of Julius) was 
devised. — Caelo, poet. abl. of place. — Vocabitur, etc. Augustus was dei- 
Sed by the Romans. — Hie quoque, he also, i.e. as well as Aeneas (259 sq). 

292. Cana. white-haired, — with her hoary locks. Fides was older 



book i. 299 

than Jupiter. —Vesta was brought by Aeneas into Italy, with the 
Penates of Troy. — Quirinus, the name of Romulus as deified. 

293. Ferro et compagibus, construed with dirae as abl. of cause. — 
Artis. Sometimes written arctis. See Andrews's Lex. arceo in fin. 

297. Maia gen., Mercury. H. 425, 3, (1) ; A. & S. 246 ; B. 918 ; A.244, a. 

298. Novae. Virgil applies this epithet to Carthage as explanatory 
of its etymology, — the name meaning, in the Punic language, new town. 
— Tit pateant, ne arcerent. The historical present (demittit) is here 
followed both by the pres. and by the imperf. subj.; the former denot- 
ing Jupiter's "immediate object" in sending Mercury down, the latter 
his " inner purpose." — 299. Hospitio Teucris. H. 390 ; A. & S. 227 ; 
B. 848; A. 233. — Dido, queen and reputed founder of Carthage, — 
daughter of Belus, king of Tyre. 

302. The name Poeni indicates the Phoenician origin of the Car- 
thaginians. Poenu8 is $oTvt£ adapted to the analogy of the Latin 
tongue. 

306. Tit primum, as soon as. — 307. Access., indirect question. 

308. Incnlta. H. 441, and 2; A. 189, b; G. 195, 2. A desert. 

309. Exacta = certa, ascertained. 

312. Comitatus. H. 221, 2; A. & S. 162, 17, (a). — Achate. Al- 
though Achates is a "voluntary agent," the abl. is used without ab, as 
denoting simply that with which the action of the verb (comitatus) is 
completed. 

313. Bina, duo. (Because usually borne in pairs.) 

314. Cui, dat. of approach, nearness, after obvia. H. 391 ; A. & S. 
222, Rem. 1, (b) ; B. 814 (first two lines); A. 234, a; G. 356. 

315. Virginis arma, L e. light weapons, such as a virgin would 
carry, — a habilis arcus. — Habitum, carriage, form. 

316. Spartanae, sc. virginis. — Vel qualis, t. e. vel talis qualis est 
Threissa Harpalyce, quae fatigat equos, etc. Vel gives a choice. 

317. Harpalyce, daughter of Harpalycus, a Thracian king, was a 
famous huntress, so swift in the chase that no horse could keep up with 
her, and she outran the rivers of her country. The present is used 
(fatigat, praevertitur,) because the action is represented in poems 
familiar to the Romans, or in paintings or sculptures which they could 
easily recall to mind. — Hebrum, a river of Thrace flowing into the 
Aegean. H. and R. read "Eurum" e conj. 

318. Humeris. H. 386; A. & S. 224; B. 826, 827; A. 228; G. 346. 

319. Venatrix, as a huntress. — Diffundere, a Greek construction = 
diffundendam. H. 553, V. ; A. & S. 274, R. 7, (b) ; B. 1160 ; A. 273. 

320. Genu, at the knee; ace. of limitation, or synecdochical acc.^ 



300 NOTES. 



Nodoque — fluentes, and gathering her flowing folds (i. e. the folds of 
her robe) in a knot. — Collecta is used as a reflexive. A. 240, Note; 
G. 332, 2. — Genu. H. 380, and 1; A. 240, c; G. 332, 1. 

321. Juvenes. A term applied to men up to forty-five or fifty years 
of age. — Monstrate — sororum. The order is, Si forte vidistis quam 
(any one) mearum sororum errantem hie, (et seq., lines 323, 324), mon- 
strate (point out to me where she is). Or, si may begin an indir. quest. 

325. Orsus, sc. est, from ordior. 

326. Audita, sc. est. — Mihi, by me; dat. of the agent after audita 
est. H. 388, 4; A. & S. 225, II.; B. 844, 845; A. 232, b; G. 352. 

327. Quam te memorem, whom shall I call thee f The force oMhe 
pres. subj. is well given by the English auxiliary m shall" ; the subj. de- 
noting propriety. Sometimes, in similar cases, it denotes possibility, and 
may be translated by " can." H. 485 ; A. & S. 260, R. 5 ; B. 1180 ; A. 268. 

328. Hominem. H. 371, 3; A. & S. 232, (2); B. 716; A. 237, c; G. 329,1. 
330. Felix, propitious. — Sis, leves, and doceas (332), subj. in a 

request. H. 488, I.; A. & S. 260, Rem. 6. — Quaecumque, sc. es. 
334. Multa, many a. — Honore, i. e. being addressed as a goddess. 

337. Cothurno. The buskin or hunting-boot, worn to protect the 
feet from brambles, rose more than half-way to the knee (alte), 

338. Dido was descended from AgSnor, twin-brother of Belus, and 
founder of Sidon. 

339. Fiues Libyci, sc. sunt; the country around is Libyan. — Genus, 
grammatically in apposition with fines, in sense relates to the noun 
" Libyans " implied in the adj. 

343. Agri. H. 399, and 2, 2); A. & S. 213; A. 218, c; G. 274, 2. 

344. Phoenicum. H. 396, III.; A. 216, 2; G. 370. — Miserae, sc. 
ei, for ab ea misera. H. 388, 4; A. & S. 225, II. Cf. mihi, 326. 

345. Pater, Belus. 

347. Scelere. H. 429 ; A. & S. 250, 1 ; B. 889 ; A. 253. — Ante alios 
immanior. A pleonastic expression, for the simple abl. after the com 
parative, aliis immanior, A. & S. 256, Rem. 13, (b). 

348. Order : inter quos furor venit medius. 

349. Aras, the altar of the Penates. 350. Superat, lays him low. 

350. Securus — germanae, regardless of his sister's love for Sychaeuf. 
The etymology of securus is se (=sine) and cura. 

352. Spe, i. e. that her husband was alive and would return. 

353. Inhumati. The fact that the murdered man was unburied 
increases the horror. Why did the ancients attach so sacred an impor- 
tance to burial? See note on II. 646. 

358. Auxilium viae, as an aid in her journey. Viae. H. 396, II. | 






BOOK T. 801 

A. 217; G. 361, 2, 1. — Tellure recludit = e tellure effodit. Verba 
compounded with re are often joined with the abl. 

365. Locos. Terminal accus. after devenere, with the preposition in 
omitted by poetical license. See note on Italiam, line 2. 

367. Mercati, sc. sunt. — Byrsam. Byrsa, whence the legend of the 
bull's hide (ffvpaa) arose, appears to have been the Greek corruption of 
Bosra, the Phoenician name for the citadel of Carthage (or indeed for 
"citadel" in general). 

368. " The story was that they cut the hide so as to make one thong, 
the bargain being that they should have as much ground as they could 
compass with a bull's hide." — Quantum, possent, etc. As much, tht 
story rungy as they could surround, etc. H. 528 ; A. & S. 266, 3 ; A. 340. 

369. Tandem strengthens the question: "who, pray, are ye?" 

370. Talibus, sc. verbis. — Ille, sc. respondit. 

371. Imo. H. 441, 6,- A. & S. 205, Rem. 17,- B. 662; A. 193. 

374. Ante, before (I finish). — Componet. MS. authority is divided 
between this form and componat, but the indie, is the better supported, 
and is in itself the better, as giving greater rhetorical liveliness. "Some- 
times that which would happen, in a possible assumed case," (si pergam 
. . . et vacet, etc.) "at variance with the real fact, is simply stated as 
something that will happen (fut. ind. for pres. subj.)." M. 348, d. — 
Diem — Olympo. Vesper, having closed Olympus, (lit. Olympus being 
closed), will lead the day to rest. Vesper, the god of evening, who shuts 
the western gate of Olympus when Phoebus has entered in. 

375. Troja. Abl. of the town whence, after vectos. H. 421, I. and 
II. ; A. & S. 255; B. 941 ; A. 258, a; G. 411. 

377. Forte sua, by a chance of its own. It was an accidental storm 
that brought the Trojans to Carthage, not any purpose of theirs. 

380. Aeneas calls Italy his father-land, because Dardanus, his ances- 
tor, was born there. — Genus — summo, my ancestry (sprung) from 
supreme Jove. The descent of Aeneas was as follows: I. Dardanus 
(son of Jupiter); II. Erichthonius; III. Tros; TV. Assaracus; V. Ca- 
pys ; VI. Anchises ; VII. Aeneas. 

382. Matre dea, my goddess-mother. — Fata, oracles. 

385. Europa atque Asia. Abl. of separation. — Nee — passa, etc.==> 
non passa eum queri plura. 

387. Caelestibus. H. 391; A. & S. 222, Rem. 1; B. 862, 3; A. 234. 

388. Qui adveneris. Bel. clause with the subj. denoting the reason, 
— inasmuch as thou hast come, or simply that thou hast come. H. 519 ; 
A. & S. 264, 8, (1); B. 1251; A. 320, e; G. 636. 

393-400. The sense is as follows : Twelve swans (birds of Venus, as 



302 NOTES. 

many in number as the missing ships) flying far from the shore, and 
high above the sea, were (just now) scattered in confusion by an eagle, 
swooping from the heights of aether down upon them in the open sky, 
(as the ships were scattered by the storm.) Now (at this present mo- 
ment), however, collected after their dispersion in a long line (as the 
ships of a fleet, when it is entering the harbor), you see them in part 
alighting on the ground (viz., the six which fly in advance), in part 
looking down upon the ground already occupied (by their companions). 
As those swans, returned after their separation and free from danger, 
are now rejoicing, and as they, before they were scattered by the eagle, 
collected in a circle sang in the lofty air, so, with joy and song, thy 
ships have either already returned, or are on their way returning. 

393. Senos. H. 174, 2, 4), in fin.; A. & S. 120, 4, (a.)—Laetantes 
agmine, *. e. exulting in their orderly flight, — rejoicing to find them- 
selves all in line again, after their dispersion. 

394. Order : quos Jovis ales, lapsa aetheria plaga, turbabat aperto 
caelo. — Aetheria plaga, from the zone of aether, (higher than the 
caelum). 

395. Aperto caelo. Poetical abl. of place in which. 

396. Captas, i.e. terras ab altera cycnorum parte captas. 

397-8. Observe the difference of tense between ludunt, and cinxere 
and dedere. 

399. Pubes tuoruin, the manly band of thy companions. 

403. The gods anointed their hair with ambrosia. — Vertice, from 
her head. 

404. Her short hunting-tunic changed into the flowing robe (palla) 
characteristic of a god or goddess. 

405. Incessu patuit, was evident by her gait. The gods glided along, 
with a light and graceful motion. 

407. Quid, why ? The adverbial accusative, neut. sing., of the inter- 
rog. pronoun. 

408. Jungere. H. 549 ; A. & S. 269. In English, we represent the 
subject by "it," introducing the subject itself after the verb, — why if* 
it not granted to join, etc. See B. 1118; A. 270. 

409. Veras, L e. in our true character, of mother and son. 

411. Aere. Like the Homeric afjp, mist. — Sepsit, hedged about. 

412. Observe the division (or tmesis) of the verb circumfudit. 

414. Moliri, to contrive; used of operations which require great 
labor and preparation. 

415. Paphum. H. 379; A. & S. 237; B. 938; A. 258, b. Paphos 
was a city of Cyprus, famed for its worship of Venus. 



BOOK I. 303 

416. Sabaeo. The Saba^i or Sabae were a people in the southwestern 
part of Arabia Felix. Cf. Milton's Paradise Lost: 

" Sabaean odors from the spicy shore 
Of Araby the blest." — iv. 162. 

The name and place are identical with the Sheba whose qneen visited 
Solomon. 

419. Plurimus — imminet, " hangs with mighty mass over the city." 
Plurimus, lit. very large. H. 444, 1; A. & S. 122, Rem. 4; A. 93, b. 

422. Strata viarum = stratas vias. H. 396, III. ; A. & S. 212, Kern. 
3, note 4; M. 284, Obs. 5; B. 771; A. 216, 3. 

423. Ducere, and the four infinitives in the next two lines, depend 
upon instant. Some editors, placing a semicolon after Tyrii, make them 
historical infinitives. — 423-5. Pars, pars, in apposition with Tyrii. 

424. Moliri, to build. — Arcem, the citadel proper; arces (in line 
420) having a more general meaning of "buildings," "towers." 

427. Effodiunt. The harbor of Carthage was artificial. — Lata, 
broad. So Ribbeck, after the Vatican MS., instead of alta, " deep." 

429. Alta, lofty. — Scaenis. H. 392, 1, and 398, 5; A. & S. 211, 
Rem. 5, and note; B. 870; A. 226, b; G. 355. 

430. Supply in thought, " Talis labor Poenos exercet," before qualis. 

431. Sub sole, in the sunshine. — 434. Agmine, As if making battle. 

435. Order : arcent fucos, ignavum pecus, etc. 

436. Thymo. The honey of Southern Europe is extremely fragrant 
of thyme and other high-scented flowers. 

437t What was there, in the circumstances of Aeneas, which made 
this exclamation very natural ? 

438. Suspicit, looks up at. Etymology: sub and spicio, to see from 
under. Aeneas had descended from the hills, and was about to enter 
the city.— 439. Dictu. H. 570, and 1; A. & S. 276, and III. ; B. 1365; A. 
303, R. Abl. of specification.— 440. Viris. H. 385, 5 ; A. 248, a, R ; G. 
346, 2. Misceo and its compounds take the dative of the larger number 
or quantity, to which something is added, or the ablative of the smaller 
quantity, with which something is mixed. — Ulli. Poetical dat. of the agent 
with cernitur. H. 388, 4; A. & S. 225, II. ; B. 846 ; A. 232, b; G. 352, R. 

441. Umbrae. Laetissimus is here followed by the gen., as implying ful- 
ness. H. 399, and 2, 2) ; A. & S. 213, and Rem. 1, (3) ; B. 776 ; A. 218, a. 

444. Monstrarat — monstraverat, had indicated (by an oracle or some 
other communication). H. 234; A. & S. 162, 7, (a) ; B. 315 ; A. 128, a. 
Sic nam fore gentem, etc. For thus she foretokened that the nation 
would be, etc. " Caelius Rhodius says that Cacabe, the old name of 
Carthage, meant a horse's head, which, if true, would account for the 
legend. A horse's head is common on Punic coins." 



304 NOTES. 

445. Facilem victu. Lit., easy in subsisting, i. e. easy in their 
means of living. " A people who easily provide for themselves what- 
ever is desirable for living comfortably ." W. In hello egregiam and 
facilem victu the same characteristics are applied to Carthage as in 
line 14, q. v. 

447. Condehat. What does the tense imply in regard to the comple- 
tion of the work on the temple? H. 197; A. & S. 145, II. — Numine 
divae, by the majestic power of the goddess. "Numine" refers to Juno's 
awful power and helpful presence, which brought many to her temple 
to consult her oracle and invoke her favor by whom rich presents (dona) 
were offered. 

448. Aerea — limilia, from whose steps arose a threshold of bronze. 
Fr. — Cui. Poetic dat. of reference, limiting the whole sentence Aerea — 
aenis. See notes on Aeneae, line 92, and jactanti, line 102. — Gradibus. 
Poetic ablative as a whence-CB.se. — Nexaeque aere trabes, and door- 
posts (lit. timbers) sheathed with bronze (sc. surgebant). Some editors 
read nixae, and understand trabes of the architrave, " and whose archi- 
trave rested upon bronze " (i. e. upon bronze pillars). 

449. Foribus. Poetic dat. of reference like cui, in line 448. H. 
384; A. & S. 223; B. 817; A. 235, a; G. 343, R. 2. 

452. Ausus, sc. est. — Rebus, dat. Confido sometimes takes the 
dat., sometimes the abl., as does fido. With the dat. they mean u to 
trust to," with the abl. " to have confidence on account of." 

454. Reginam opperiens. Aeneas may have gathered from the con- 
versation of the workmen that Dido was coming, or simply from seeing 
the senate assembled and the crowd waiting. —Quae fortuna sit urbi 
miratur (lit. marvels at what is the [good] fortune of the city) = mi- 
ratur fortunam urbis, marvels at the prosperity of the city. 

455. Artificum manus inter se, i. e. the skill of the rival artists. 
Supply certantium with inter se. Observe the metonymy in manus ; lit. 
the hands, then the workmanship of the hands, then the skill displayed 
in that workmanship. B. translates artificum manus " the style of the 
artists." 

456. Videt, etc. The scenes described were painted upon the walls 
of the temple. 

458. Atridas. Agamemnon and Menelaiis. — Ambobus, i. e. to the 
eons of Atreus as one party, by his wrath on account of Briseis and his 
consequent withdrawal from the battle, and to Priam, as the other party, 
in the death of Hector. B. — Achillem. There is str >ng MS. authority 
for this form of the ace. in Virgil, instead of Achillen, as it is usually 
edited. 



BOOK I. 305 

459. Jam, i. e. by this time. C. 

461. Sunt — laudi, here, too, has icorth its own (i. e. its fitting) 
rewards. " Laudi " being in idea the subject of the proposition, sua 
refers to it. — Laudi. H. 387; A. & S. 226; B. 821; A. 231; G. 349. 

462. Rerum, for misfortunes. Objective gen. A. & S. 211, Rem. 12. 
" Res " is applied to the circumstances and vicissitudes of life, whether 
good or bad. 

465. Multa. H. 371, 1, 3), (2) ; A. & S. 205, Rem. 10 ; B. 717 ; A. 240, a. 
466-493. Of the eight pictures on the temple walls each two were 

companion-pieces, viz.: 1. The victory of the Trojans under Hector; 
2. The victory of the Greeks under Achilles. 3. The death of Rhesus; 
4. The death of Troilus. 5. The Trojan matrons suppliants before 
the statue of Minerva ; 6. Priam as a suppliant before Achilles. 7. The 
fight of Memnon ; 8. The fight of the Amazons. "Why were these 
subjects chosen for paintings to adorn the temple of Juno ? See line 24. 

466. Uti, how. An interrogative particle, and hence introducing the 
subj. in dependent clauses. 

467. 468. Hac, sc. parte. — Phryges, sc.fugerent. — Fugerent, were 
fleeing, while Aeneas was looking at therft. So with the other imper- 
fects. By making the action expressed in these verbs contemporaneous 
with that in videbat, the poet indicates the life-likeness with which the 
paintings brought the scenes before the eyes of his hero. 

469. Rhesus was a Thracian prince, an ally of the Trojans. "An 
oracle had declared that Troy would never be taken, if the snow-white 
horses of Rhesus should once drink the water of the Xanthus, and 
feed upon the grass of the Trojan plain. But as soon as Rhesus had 
reached the Trojan territory, and had pitched his tents late at night, 
Ulysses and Diomedes penetrated into his camp, slew Rhesus himself, 
and carried off his horses." — Niveis tentoria velis. Homer represents 
the Greeks and Trojans as encamped, not in tents, but in huts of planks 
thatched with grass ; but Virgil here, as often, ascribes to the Homeric 
age the customs of his own. To him, as to us, a " tented field" presents 
a more attractive picture than a hutted field. 

472. Ardentes equos, the fiery steeds. — Avertit. Perf. of narrative. 

473. Gustassent (= gustavissent), subj. as showing Diomede's mo- 
tive, which was to prevent the accomplishment of the oracle. — Xan- 
thus (otherwise called Scamander), a river of the Troad. 

474. Troilus, a son of Priam, whose story is various^ told. Plautus 

speaks of his death as one of the three fatal events in the siege of Troy. 

— Amissis armis, i. e. all but his spear (line 478). 

476. Troilus has fallen backwards from the car (which of course had 
20 Vir. 



306 NOTES. 

no back), but hangs by the reins, which were passed round the body, 
and which he still grasps with his hand. 

477. Huie. See notes on Aeneae (line 92), and jactanti (line 102). 

479. Non aequae, unpropitious. W. 

480 Peplum. A costly and elegant shawl, elaborately woven; such 
as were often presented to the gods by suppliants and devotees. 

481. Supplieiter, in the manner of suppliants. — Pectora. H. 380; 
A. & S. 234, II. j B. 728; A. 240, c, note; 111, 1; G. 332, 2. 

482. Solo. H. 422, 1 ; A. & S. 254, Rem. 3 ; B. 937 ; A. 258,/; G. 384, 2. 

483. Notice the difference of time in raptaverat and vendebat. 

484. Auro. Ablative of price. Priam brought Achilles ten talents 
in gold as a ransom for the body of his son Hector. 

488. Principibus, dat. See note on viris, line 440. 

489. The "Eoae acies" are the Indian Aethiopians, led by Memnon, 
son of Tithonus and Aurora. 

490. The post-Homeric poets represent the Amazons as having 
come, under their queen Penthesilea, to the aid of Priam. — Lunatis 
peltis. H. 428; A. & S. 211, Rem. 6. The light shields of the Amazons 
are most commonly represented on works of ancient art with a semi- 
circular indentation on one side. — B. 888; A. 251; G. 402. 

492. Exsertae, bare, naked. 

494. Aeneae, dat. of the agent, with videntur, " are seen." So C. 

497. Incessit conveys a notion of majestic motion, as "incedo" in 
Jine 46. 

498. Diana was especially worshipped in Laconia, and in Delos, her 
natal isle. 

502. Latonae. Latona was the mother of Diana. 

504. Installs operi. Urging on the work. 

505. Foribus divae, at the doors of the goddess, i. e. at the doors of 
her shrine, within the cella. — Media testudine, in the middle of the 
Vaulted temple. 

508. Partibus. H.414,4; A. & S. 247, 3; B. 873; A. 248; G.403. 

509. Concursu magno, abl. absol. of concomitant. 

512. Penitus, far away. — Oras. See note on Italiam, line 2. 

516. Dissimulant, they conceal (their emotions). — Cava, *. e. en- 
shrouding. — Amicti (amb-jacio), wrapped. 

517. Fortuna, sc. sit. 

518. Quid, why ; ace. of specification. — Cunctis lecti navibus, men 
chosen from all the ships. Poetic abl. as a whence-case without a prep. 

519. Orantes veniam, praying for grace, i. e. for the favors specified 
in lines 525-6. The participle denotes purpose. 



BOOK I. 307 

520. IntrogTessi, sc. sunt. — Coram, in the presence of Dido. A. <fc 
S. 241, Rem. 3; H. 436; A. 261, d; G. 416, R.— Data, sc. est. 

521. Maximus, sc. natu, the eldest. " First in years, rank, and dig- 
nity." L. 

523. Gentes, *. e. the barbarous Africans among whom she settled. 

524. Troes — oramus. Express the we implied in the termination 
of the verb: we, the wretched Trojans, etc' — Maria — Vecti, borne over 
every sea. This bold accusative of the thing along or over which mo- 
tion takes place is a Greeism. C. A prose writer would have been 
likely to say, per maria, etc. 

526. Parce — generi, Spare a pious race. — Propius aspice, regard 
more favorably ; lit. see nearer. 

527. Populare. H. 553, V. ; A. & G. 273 ; B. 1160 ; G. 424, 4, 4. 

528. Venimus. The quantity of the first syl. shows that the verb is 
in the perf. tense. H. 651; A. & S. 284, Exc. 1 ; B. 1432; A. 351, b. 

529. Non ea vis (est) animo (nostro), "such violence belongs not 
to our disposition." 

530. Hesperia, lit. "the evening (i. e. western) land," a name ap- 
plied by the Greeks to Italy, and sometimes by the Latins to Spain. 

532. Oenotri, a people of southern Italy (in Bruttium). 

533. Ducis. Italus, king of the Oenotri, (or, according to Thucy- 
dides, of the Siculi). — Gentem. V. here says " the nation," when we 
should say " the land." — Minores dixisse depends on fama (est). 

534. Hie — fuit. This (i. e. hither) was our course. — The reader will 
often find in the Aeneid unfinished lines, arising from the premature 
death of Virgil before he had time to revise his great poem. 

535. The rising and setting of Orion were supposed to bring on 
storms. 

536. PenitttS, far away, as in line 512. 

537. Superante salo, the briny sea overpowering us. 

538. Pauci — oris, i.e. we, a poor remnant, have drifted to your 
shores. — Oris = ad oras. H. 379, 5 ; A. 225, b; G. 344, 3. 

539. Quod, the interrog. adjective pronoun. H. 188 ; A. & S. 137, 1 ; 
A. 104, a.— 540. Hospitio. H. 425, 2, 2) ; A. & S. 251 ; B. 916; A. 243. 

541. Prima terra, " the very shore," lit. the first part of the land. 
Consistere. H. 551, II. 1; A. & S. 273, n. 4, d; B. 1204; A. 271, b. 
543. Sperate, expect, a milder expression for metuite. 

547. Umbris = in umbris. So C. — H. and W. take it as dative. 

548. Non metus, sc. est. — Officio certasse priorem, i. e. " to have 
taken the lead in the rivalry of good deeds." 

551. Liceat. Subj. of petition, request. — 552. Silvis, in the woods. 



308 NOTES. 

553. Italiam. Terminal aecus. after tendere. H. 379,4, in fin.; A. 
& S. 237, Rem. 5, (c) ; G. 342, 1. — Sociis (nostris), sc. receptis. 

554. Latium. See Map of Italy. To the general name, Italy, the 
speaker adds the particular district to which they were destined. — TJt 
— petamus. This clause denotes the purpose of the action expressed 
by the infinitives in lines 551 and 552. 

556. Iuli, objective gen.; " spes Iuli," hope in lulus; i. e. in his grow- 
ing up to found an empire in Italy. — 557. Paratas, i. e. already built. 

557. Sicania was a name of Sicily from the Sicani, early inhabitants 
of the island, and a more ancient people, probably, than the Siculi. 

558. Advecti, sc. sumus. — At saltern (ut) petamus, yet at least that 
we may seek. — Regemque Acesten, and Acestes (as) our king. 

559. Simul fremebant, i. e. shouted assent. Simul implies agree- 
ment, unison. 

561. Dido's reply is conceived with great art and beauty. Cf.i.303 sq. 

563. Res dura, my hard condition; i. e. the difficulty she had in 
keeping her ground on a hostile territory, and her fears from her 
brother. 

564. Talia moliri, to make such preparations, t. e. to take such pre- 
cautions. " The verb moliri always indicates effort. Here it suggests 
the reluctance with which she had recourse to such expedients." S. 

565. Quis nesciaf? Subj. of possibility: who can be ignorant? The 
rhetorical effect of such " questions of appeal," is to imply a negative 
answer: as here, no one. H. 486, II.; A. & S. 260, R. 5; A. 268. 

567. Gestamus Poeni, See note on Troes oramus, line 524. 

568. Nor does the sun yoke his steeds so remote from the Tyrian city. 
"Jungit equos" refers to the beginning of the sun's course, the sun's 
rising. " The notion seems to be, ' we do not lie so far out of the pale 
of the civilized world — out of the circuit of the sun and so out of the 
course of fame. ,,, 

569. Saturnia arva, i. e. Latium. See Aen. VIII. 319-325. 

570. Erycis. Eryx is a mountain in the northwestern angle of Sicily 
Optatis, you choose. 

571. Auxilio tutos, protected by an escort. " Tutos " is a participle 
(from tueor), as in Aen. VI. 238, IX. 43. C. — Opibusque juvabo, i. e. 
she will open her stores and arsenals to them. C. 

572. Vultis, sc. vel si. C. and S. place an interrogation- mark at the 
end of the line, making it unnecessary to supply a conditional conjunc- 
tion. — Regnis. The prep, in omitted by poetical license. 

573. TJrbem, etc. = urbs, etc. Attraction of the antecedent to the 
of the relative. H. 445, 9 ; A. & S. 206, (6), (b) ; B. T05 ; A. 200, b. 



BOOK I, 



809 



574. Mini agetur, shall be regarded by me. 

576. Afforet. H. 488, 1. 1 and 2 ; A. & S. 263, 1, and Rem. ; B. 1196 ; 
A. 267. — Certos = fidos. " Trusty messengers." 

577. Dimittam = in diversas partes mittam.- — Extrema, sc. loca; 
the frontiers. F. 

578. Quibus, in any. Indefinite pronoun. — Si, (to see) whether. 

579. Animum. Ace. of specification. H. 380; A. 240, c; G. 332. 

580. Jamdudum ardebant. A. 277, b; G. 225. 

582. Nate dea. Goddess-born ! Nate, voc. of the participle natus, 
and dea abl. of origin. H. 425, 3, 1); A. & S. 246; B. 918; A. 244, a. 

587. Purgat, sc. se. — 588. Restitit, stood forth to view. 

589. Os humerosque. Synecdochical accusative, (ace. of specifica- 
tion.) H. 380, and 1; A. & S. 234, II; B. 728; A. 240, c; G. 332. 

591. Purpureum lumen, the rosy (rather than the purple) light, i. e. 
the rosy bloom of youth. — Honores, graces; "gratiain, pulchritudi- 
nem." 

592. Manus, the hands of artists. 

593. Parius. The sparkling marble of Paros, one of the Cyclades, 
is famous for its beauty and for its adaptedness for sculpture. 

594. Cunctis. Connect in translation with improvisus. 

597. sola miserata, O thou who alone hast pitied; lit. O alone 
having pitied. — 598-600. Quae nos socias, sc. tibi or tecum. — Reli- 
quias Danaum, i. e. relictos (non occisos) a Danais. See note on line 30. 
— Exhaustis (R., MS. Vat., Serv.) = perlati8. Others, exhaustos. 

599. Omnium. H. 399, and 2, 2); A. 243,/. R; G. 389, 3; B. 776. 

600. Urbe, domo. Abl. of the respect in which, or of that as regards 
which. H. 429 ; A. & S. 250. These nouns limit nos socias. C. calls 
them instrumental or modal ablatives. A. 248, 253 ; G. 403. 

601. Non — nostrae, it is not in our power. Opis, H. 401 and 402, 1. ; 
A. & S. 211, Rem. 8, (3) ; B. 780; A. 214, d; G. 365, 1. 

602. Sparsa, sc. est. Aeneas had left companions in Crete (Aen. 
III. 190), and knew that Trojans had settled in Sicily (I. 549-50) and 
in Epirus (III. 294, sqq.). Others were scattered over the earth as 
captives.— Gentis. H. 396, III. 3 ; A. & S. 212, R. 3 ; B. 763 ; A. 216, 3. 

603. Qua, nom. pi. neut. of the indefinite pronoun. — Quid, any 
thing, spoken emphatically, i. e. anything valued, held in honor. 

603, 605. Di tibi ferant, may the gods bring thee, Subj. of wish 
or prayer. G. 253 ; A. 267; H. 487. 

607. Montibus convexa, the hollows of the mountains. "Montibus," 
dative. — Umbrae, the shadows of the mountains themselves. C. 

608. Polus — pascct, lit. while the heavens shall feed the stars. 



310 NOTES. 

The ancients believed that the stars were nourished by the vapors arising 
from the earth and sea, or that they fed upon the fiery particles in the 
aether itself. 

610. Vocant expresses that he is dependent on destiny, and so im- 
plies that he will have to leave Dido. Cf. Aen. III. 494, and V. 656. 

614-15. Casu, misfortune, disaster. — Ore locuta est. Such pleo- 
nasms are frequent in classical writers. Cf. the phrase, " He opened 
his mouth and taught them." — Quis casus, lohat ill-fortune. 

617. Tune, etc., sc. es. Art thou that Aeneas ? 

619. Teucer, (son of Telamon, king of Salamis, and of Hesione, a 
daughter of Laomedon and sister of Priam,) being refused admission 
in Salamis by his father on his return from Troy, founded a new Sala- 
mis in Cyprus. Virgil supposes him to have sought the assistance of 
Belus, king of Tyre, whom he represents to have conquered the Cyprians 
shortly before. — 621. Genitor, (my) father. 

623. Coguitus, sc. est. "An instance of protozeugma ; i. e., a predi- 
cate (cognitus) common to several subjects (casus, nomen, reges), but 
agreeing in gender and number with one only, and that the one near- 
est to it." B. — Jam, even. 

624. Pelasgi, ?'. e. Grecian. These most ancient inhabitants of Greece 
are often put for the nation. 

625. Ipse hostis. Teucer himself, enemy though he was. Hostia. 
H. 363; A. & S. 204. — Ferebat, used to extol. — Teucros, the Trojans. 

626. Stirpe. When ab is used with ortus, remoter origin is generally 
denoted than when the preposition is omitted. — Volebat, i. e., gave him- 
self out to be, would have it that he was. — 632. Templis = in templis. 
Honorem, a thanksgiving. — 635. Suum, gen. pi. of sus. — T., chines. 

636. Munera and laetitiam are in apposition with the accusatives 
in the two preceding lines. — Dii, an old contraction for diei, of the day. 

— Munera — dii, lit. as gifts and the enjoyment of the day; i. e., as 
gifts and (the means for) the day's enjoyment. Another reading is, 
dei («. e. Bacchi), "the joy of Bacchus," i. e. wine. The passage is a 
difficult one, and it is not impossible that Virgil would have improved 
it, if he had lived to complete the line. 

637. Domus interior, i. e. the atrium. H. 441, 6; A. 193; B. 662. 

639. Vestes, coverlets. Supply instruuntur. " In concise narration 
and description, substantives are often used alone without verbs." W. 

— Ostro, abl. of the material. H. 425, 1; A. 244; G. 396, 2. 

640. Ingens argentum, a great (number of) silver (vessels), or, 
simply, mass of silver plate. — Mensis = in mensis. 

645. Ferat, "report," he says. — Ferat and ducat, subi. in oratio 



BOOK I. 311 

obliqua, for the imperative of direct discourse. Aeneas said "Ascanio 
fer etc. ipsumque due." Heyne. Others supply ut final. 

646. Cari, fond. 

647. Ruinis. H. 386, 2 ; A. & S. 224, Rem. 2 ; B. 855, 1075 ; A- 229. 

648. Pallam. The palla was a long and ample cloak or mantle, 
reaching from the neck to the feet, and worn by deities, prophets, and 
women. Whole figures, and even historical or mythological subjects, 
were often embroidered upon it, sometimes with gold thread. It was a 
rectangular piece, nearly or quite square, and folded in various ways. 

649. Velamen, etc. A veil with an embroidered border of (lit. woven 
around with) yellow acanthus. 

650. Helenae. Helen, daughter of Jupiter and Leda, the well- 
known cause of the Trojan war. — Argivae, i. e. Grecian. — Mycenis. 
from Mycenae, construed with extulerat (652). 

654. Maxima, sc. natu. — Collo, for the neck, 

655. Duplicem — coronam, a double circlet of gold and gems. " Gem- 
mis" and "auro," abl. of material. — 656. Cel. = celeriter exsequens. 

658. Faciem — ora, changed inform and face. Ace. of specification. 

659. Donis — reginam, and inflame the queen to madness by his 
gifts. Furentem = ut furat. This use of the participle is antici- 
pative or proleptic. 

661. Domum ambiguam, the treacherous house (i.e. family); allud- 
ing to the crime of Pygmalion. Amb-ago, going round-about. 

662. Urit, sc. Venerem. — Sub noctem, as night comes on. 

664. Meae — solus, i. e. (tu qui) solus (es) meae vires, mea magna 
potentia. A. 241, a ; G. 194, 3. 

665. Love triumphs even over Jove. — Tela Typhoea, i. e. the thun- 
derbolts which slew Typhoeus, one of the sons of Tartarus and Terra, 
who rebelled against Jupiter. Most editors read Typhoia, against the 
existing MSS. 

666. Tua — numina, thy divine power. Ace. of the person of whom 
the request is made : / ash of thy divine poicer a boon. 

667. Ut, how; hence the subj. of indirect question jactetur (668). 
H. 525; A. & S. 265; B. 1182; A. 334; 333 note; G. 469. 

669. Nota tibi (sunt), a Grecism for notum est tibi. A. & S. 205, 
Rem. 8, (b). — Nostro = meo. 

671. Et — hospitia, and I fear what turn (these) Junonian hospitalities 
may take. (l Quo se vertant," lit. whither they may turn themselves. 
The subj. is used, because the action is contingent. "Junonian hospi- 
talities " (Wordsworth, copied by C), i. e. entertainment in the favorite 
city of Juno (see lines 15, 16), and subject to her influences. 



312 NOTES. 

672. Cessabit, sc. Juno, implied in Junonia. — Tanto cardine, in 
so great a crisis. Abl. of time. — 673. Ante, in advance. 

674. Ne — mutet, that she may not be changed (lit. change herself) 
by any divine influence, sed (ut) teneatur, etc. F. 

675. Mecum, *. e. equally with me. 

676. Qua, sc. via or ratione, in what way, how. — Poss., indir. quest. 

677. Accitu. Ablative of cause or occasion. 

679. Pelago — Trojae, remaining from {%, e. rescued from, surviv- 
ing) the sea and the flames of Troy. 

680. Cythera is called alta because it is a mountainous island. 
Number and gender of Cythera ? See Lex., and H. 131 ; 47, 1, (3) ; 
A. & S. 96; 50 in fin; B. 178; 38 ; A. 76; 29, b; G. 75, b; 19, II. exc. 

681. Idalium (or Idalia). A mountain, grove, and city in Cyprus. 

682. Ne qua, sc. ratione or via, that in no way. See note on line 
18. — Scire — occurrere, i. e. to know (the plot), or thwart us (uncon- 
sciously) in the midst of it. 

683. Noctem. H. 378; 417, 3; A. 256; 247, c; G. 311,4; M. 306. 
683, 684. Tu faciem illius falle dOlo, do thou counterfeit his form. 

— Et — vultus, and, boy (thyself), put on the wonted expression of 
the boy. 

686. Laticemque Lyaeum = vinum. Bacchus was called Lyaeus, 
from \veiv, because he dispels cares and anxieties. So the name Liber. 

688. Fallas, (sc. earn) veneno, poison her unobserved. C. 

690. Gaudens, like laetus (696), expresses the sly pleasure with 
which Cupid enters into his part. 

692. Irrigat, sheds like dew. — Fotum, perf. pass, part of foveo. 

694. Adspirans, breathing fragrance. 

695, 696. Ibat, portabat. The imperf. marks what Cupid was doing 
while Ascanius slumbered in the perfumed groves of Idalia. — Tyriis, 
dat. — Duce — Achate, glad, with Achates as his guide. Duce Achate, 
abl. absol. of concomitant. 

697. Notice that the perfect definite is coupled with the historic 
present, as the pluperf. would have been coupled with the past : ivhcn 
he comes (venit), the queen 7ias already settled herself (se composuit). — * 
Auiaeis. Aulaea were tapestries or hangings of various colors, with 
figures artistically interwoven. They were used as curtains at the 
doors, as ornaments of the walls, as coverings of couches, and as cano- 
pies under the roof. Here probably a tent-like canopy is alluded to: 
"auiaeis superbis," under the magnificent tapestries; poetical abl. of 
place, (the preposition omitted,) if not abl. of description, concomitant. 

698. Aurea, dissyllable, pr. awr-^tf .— Sponda, poetical abl. of place. — 



BOOK I. 313 

Mediamqne locavit, sc. se; and placed herself in the middle, the place 
of honor. At one side of her sat the Trojans, at the other the Cartha- 
ginians. 

700. Discumbitur = discumbunt. H. 301, 3; A. 146, c; G. 199, 1. 
Notice the force of dis : they recline in different places. In the Homeric 
age people sat at their meals as we do now; in Virgil's time they re- 
clined on couches. — Strato super ostro, on the outspread purple (i.e. 
on the purple tapestry spread over the couches). i 

701. Manibus, for the hands, i.e. for washing. 'Water was poured 
from a ewer upon the hands of the guest, a basin being held underneath. 
— "Cererem — expediunt — serve out the bread promptly from the 
baskets. Expediunt = prof erunt, says Serv." C. 

702. Tonsis villis, with closely-cut pile (or nap). H. 428 ; A. & S. 
211, Rem. 6; B. 888; A. 251; G. 402. 

703. Quibus cura, sc. est. — Ordine, in fit order. — Longam penum 
Struere, to arrange the long series of viands (for the different courses). 
C.'s translation, " to replenish a store (of provision) that will last for a 
long time/' is ingeniously derived, but is not so well adapted to the con- 
text as the one ordinarily given. 

705. Aliae, sc.famulae. 

706. Qui onerent et ponant, to load, etc. ; the relative with the subj. 
denoting the purpose. II. 500; A. & S. 264, 5. The indie, would simply 
tell what the servants do; the subj. denotes their duty, what they are 
required to do. 

707. Nee non, nor ?*o< = and. — Et Tyrii, the Tyrians, too. Strict 
etiquette is observed; the queen seats herself first, then her guests, and 
last of all, her courtiers. — Frequentes, in throngs. 

708. Pictis, sc. acu ; embroidered. — 710. Flag., ruddy as flame. 

712. Pesti = exitio. 

713. Expleri mentem, to satisfy her mind. II. 380 ; A. & S. 234, 
II; Z. 458; A. 240, c, note; G. 332, 2. 

714. Phoenissa, the Phoenician lady, i. e. Dido. 
716. Implevit, has satisfied. 

718. Haeret, sc. in puero. C. quotes Tennyson : "And her eyes on 
all my motions with a mute observance hung." 

719. Miserae, sc. ei; dative. H. 386; A. & S. 224. It is a dative 
of disadvantage. The verbs named in these rules do not take the dat. 
because they are compounded with prepositions. A. 228; G. 346. 

720. Cupid's mother is called "Acidalian," from a spring near Orcho- 
menos, in Boeotia, where the Graces, Venus's attendants, bathed. 

721. Praevertere, to surprise. — Vivo amore, with living love, i. e. 
with love for a living object. 



814 NOTES. 

722, Jam — animos, her long unoccupied affections. 

724. Crateras, great bowls in which wine was set on, mixed, accord, 
ing to the custom of the ancients, -with water. " ' Statuunt/ as Henry 
remarks, is appropriate to the size of the bowls. A man could hide him- 
self behind a crater, Aen. IX. 346." — Vina coronant, u e. encircle the 
bowls with garlands. See Aen. III. 525. 

725. Tectis, to the roofs. H. 379, 5 ; A. & S. 225, IV. Rem. 2. Another 
reading is "fit strepitus," in which tectis would have the sense "in the 
hall." A. 225, b ; G. 344, 3. 

726. Dependent, etc. The lamps hang lighted, from the gilded and 
richly ornamented sunken panels between the beams of the ceiling. 

727. Funalia, " tapers, formed of the twist of some fibrous plant 
covered with wax." 

728. Hie, of time, hereupon. So Aen. II. 122, III. 369. 

. 729. Quam, governed by implere, understood. — 730. A Belo, sc. 
orti, the descendants of Belus. — Silentia. A sacred silence. 

731. Nam, implies an ellipsis, — and rightly do I now call upon thee. 
The ellipsis is to be felt, rather than expressed, in the English translation 
as well as in the original. 

733. Velis, subj. in a prayer. H. 488, and I.; A. A S. 260, Rem. 6. — 
Hnjns, sc. diet. — Minores, posterity. 

735. Coetum = eonvivium. 

736. In mensam, upon the table, as if upon the altar of Hospitable 
Jove. 

737. Libato = postquam libatum est. Abl. absolute of the impersonal 
participle. " Sometimes the abl. of a perf. part, stands alone imperson- 
ally, in the same way as the abl. of a substantive and part, in combina- 
tion." M. 429, and Obs. 1; H. 431, 5; A. & G. 255, b; G. 438, Rem. 
2. W., L., and C. unite in giving this explanation. Some supply 
honore. — Snmmo, etc. Dido merely touched the wine with her lips, as 
became a woman. " As a queen, and as president of the feast, she set 
the example, but as a woman she abstained." 

738. Bitia$ is a Carthaginian name. — Increpitans, challenging 
(him), "bidding him be quick." — Impiger, nothing loath, "not 
Blow." 

739. Pleno anro, from the full gold, i. e.from the full golden cup. 

740. Crinitus. Bards wore long hair, in imitation of Apollo. 

741. Personal i. e. fills the hall. — Atlas was held t > be skilled is 
astronomy and physics. 

742. Labores, eclipses. 

743. Ignes, i. e. fulmina, 



BOOK II. 315 

745. The ancients believed that the sun, when he set, descended into 
the ocean. 

746. Tardis noctibus, the slow nights, i. e. the loDg and weary nights 
of winter. Others take it of the summer nights, slow in coming on. 

749. Longum amorem. Perhaps " long draughts of love." 
750-752. Dido's object in asking these questions is to keep Aeneas 

talking. 

750. Rogitans. What kind of a verb? H. 332, L; A. & S. 187, 
II. 1 j B. 584,- A. 167, b, note 2. 

751. Aurorae filius. Memnon. 

753. Immo, nay. "Nay, rather, instead of answering more ques- 
tions in detail, tell us the whole story from the first." 

754. Tnorum. H. 441, 1; A. & S. 205, Rem. 7; B. 658; A. 190, a. 



-oo**< 



BOOK II. 

The voice of criticism has unanimously fixed on this book, along 
with the Fourth and Sixth, as affording the best evidence of the true 
greatness of Virgil. Donatus tells us that the poet himself chose these 
three books to read to Augustus as a specimen of his work. C. 

ARGUMENT. 

Aeneas, in compliance with Dido's request, details the particulars of 
the capture of Troy, so far as he had witnessed them. After expressing 
reluctance to fight his disagreeable battles over again, he goes on to 
tell of the despondency of the Greeks in the tenth year of the war, 
together with their stratagem of the horse. Lurking in Tenedos, they 
send a cunning fellow, Sinon, to prepare the way for the reception of 
the wooden horse, which they pretended to be an offering to Pallas in 
exchange for the stolen Palladium. The Trojans are credulous, and 
believe the whole, but La-6c-o-on sees through the deceit, and exposes 
it. His warnings, however, are vain; and he is himself slain by two 
serpents sent against him by Minerva (1-249). The Greeks return, in 
the night, from Tenedos ; the horse is opened, and the city is taken 
(250-267). Aeneas is warned by Hector's shade to consult for his safety, 
but he is too valiant to follow the suggestion before he has tried what 
might can do. He rushes into the conflict, and is for a while success- 
ful, till, having assumed the armor of some Greeks whom they had 



316 NOTES. 

r 

slain, his associates are mistaken by the Trcjans, and many of them 
killed by their own friends (268-437). Then follow the sack of Priam's 
palace and the murder of the king himself (438-558). Aeneas, on his 
way homeward to save his father, wife, and son, is prevented from 
slaying Helen, the cause of the war, by the sudden appearance of his 
mother, who shows him that the overthrow of Troy is the work not of 
man but of heaven, and reveals to him the bodily presence of the gods 
themselves, helping in the work of destruction (559-631). The aged 
Anchises refuses to seek safety, but at last, encouraged by heavenly 
signs, consents (632-704). The flight (705-735). Cre-ii-sa, the wife of 
Aeneas, is lost in the confusion (736-746). Aeneas, returning in search 
of her to the city, finds it wholly occupied by the Greeks (747-767). 
The shade of Creiisa appears to him, consoles him, and foretells his long 
wandering, which will end in an Italian kingdom, and a second mar- 
riage (768-794). He returns to his father and followers, and takes 
shelter in Mount Ida (795-804). 

1. Contieuere — tenebant. Notice the difference of tense, the perf. 
indefinite (or aorist) denoting a momentary and perfectly completed 
action, — " in a moment all were hushed in silence," — the imperfect 
(tenebant), " kept their eyes fixed (upon him)," a continued action. 

2. Orsus, sc. est. From ordior. — Toro, his couch at table. 

3-6. Our punctuation is Hackermann's, adopted by L., Haupt, and 
R. Other editors place a comma after dolorem (3), and a period after 
fni (6). 

3. Infandum, unutterable, i. e. unspeakably horrible and distressful, 
"too cruel to be told." — Jubes, sc. me. A. & S. 273, 2, d. 

4. TJt, how. An interrogative particle, and hence the subj. eruerint 
(5). H. 525; A. & S. 265; B. 1182; A. 334 (and 333 note); G. 469. 

5. Quaeque, etc. Supply ea, the antecedent of quae, "And (those 
events) most pitiable which I myself witnessed." A. 200, d ; G. 618. 

6. Talia fando, while relating such calamities. Fando (gerund of 
for) is abl. of time, — "in the course of speaking," — indicating a con- 
temporaneou8 event. H. 566, 3 ; A. & S. 275, Rem. 4, note 2 in fin.; 
M. 416, Obs. 1; A. 301; G. 432. 

7. Myrmidonum and Dolopum, gen. of the whole after quis. H. 
396, III. 3), (1); A. & S. 212, Rem. 2. The Myrmidones and Dolopes 
were Thessalian soldiers led in the Trojan war by Achilles, the greatest, 
and his son Pyrrhus or Neoptolemus, the most savage, enemy of Troy. 
— Aut miles, or what soldier. — Duri. Better translated here cruel, 
than hardy, much enduring. Heyne. — Ulixi. H. 68, 1 (2); A. & S. 73, 



BOOK II. 



317 



Rem. Ulysses was distinguished among the Grecian chiefs for his 
superior prudence and sagacity, and it was to him, most of all, that 
the destruction of Troy was owing. A. 43, a; G. 72. 

8. Temperet (sc. sibi), could refrain, (lit., "can refrain/' by a lively 
use of the present.) Potential subj., in a question implj'ing a negative 
answer (No one). H. 485, and 486, II.; A. 268; G. 251, 468. — Caelo. 
In prose a preposition would be used, de caelo. H. 422, 2; A. & S. 
255, Rem. 3, (b); B. 947, 948; G. 411, 4. 

9. Praecipitat, sc. se ; i. e. is hurrying down the steep of the sky, 
midnight being past. Nox is personified and represented as drivirg 
through the heaven in a chariot. — Cadentia sidera, the sinking start 
(not setting), but, like Nox, on their downward course. 

10. Amor, sc. est tibi. — Amor cognoscere et audire = amor cognos- 
cendi, etc. H. 563, 6; A. & S. 275, III. note 1. More properly, how- 
ever, cognoscere and audire should be taken as subject-nominatives, 
and amor as predicate-nominative: si cognoscere (etc.) est tantus amor. 
— Amor, desire. — G. 429, 4. 

12. Observe the difference of time between horret and refugit: 
" although my mind is shuddering at the remembrance, and recoiled 
from it (instantaneously and instinctively) through grief." Luctu, abl. 
of cause. 

13. Incipiam, I will essay, I will undertake, (rather than I will begin.) 
Henry, followed by C. 

15. Instar montis. (With reference to the height rather than the 
bulk.) Instar is appositive to equum. H. 363; A. & S. 204; B. 1009. 

16. Abiete, pronounced ab-ye-te. H. 669, II. and 3; A. 347, d, R; 
G. 717. For the case, see H. 414, 4; A. & S. 247, 3; B. 873; A. 248. 

17. Votum, a votive offering. 

18. Hue, into this (horse), is further defined by caeco lateri. (W\ 
<utes similar instances in Verg. Eel. 1, 54, and 3, 12.) The order is, 
Hue (illi, i. e. ductores Danaum), sortiti delecta corpora virum, furtim 
includunt (ea i. e. corpora) caeco lateri. In translation it may be found 
easier to take the two expressions together: "hue caeco lateri," into 
its dark side. 

19. Lateri. H. 386; A. & S. 224; B. 826; A. 228. — Penitus, 
thoroughly, to be joined with complent. — 20. Armato milite, with 
armed soldiery. H. 419, V. 2 ; A. & S. 249, I.; B. 911; A. 248, c. 
With this use of the sing, in pi. sense, cf. custode, I. 564, IX. 380. 

21. In conspectu, in sight (of Troy). — Fama, abl. H. 414; A. & 
S. 247; B. 873; A. 248; G. 403. 

22. Opum. H. 399; A. & S. 213; B. 776; 777, e; A. 218, c. 



318 NOTES. 

23. Nunc tan turn sinus, etc. Now (there is) only a bay, etc., i. e. 
this is all for which the island is now remarkable. 

24. Order : (Danai), provecti hue, condunt se in deserto litore. 

25. Nos (cos) abiisse rati (snmus). A. 336, a; G. 527, 2. 

26. Luctu. H. 425, 2, 2); A. & S. 251; B. 916; A. 243; G. 388. 

27. Dorica, Grecian; (lit. Dorian, "part for the whole.") 

29, 30. These verses express what is said or thought by the parties 
of Trojans. — Tendebat, sc. tentoria, pitched their tents. (I say their 
tents, because the verb belongs to manus as well as Achilles.) — Locus, 
sc. erat. The ships were drawn up on the shore, and the tents pitched 
among them. 

31. Minervae, objective gen. "Donum Minervae," offering to Miner- 
vae. H. 396, II.; A. & S. 211, Rem. 2, and Rem. 12; B. 746; A. 217. 

33. Duci, sc. equum. — Arce, poetical abl. of place without in. 

34. Dolo, from treachery. Abl. of cause. Thymoetes had a grudge 
against Priam, who, in consequence of an oracle that a child born on a 
certain day would be the ruin of Troy, put to death both a son of Thy- 
moetes born on that day and his mother, but spared his own son Paris 
who was born at the same time. — Jam = now at last. 

35. Et (ii) quorum menti (erat) melior sententia. 

36. Pelago, dat. for in pelagns. H. 379, 5 ; A. & S. 225, IV. Rem. 2. 

37. Subjectisque. Servius says that Virgil used -que hero instead 
of -ve, because it sounds better. W. adduces instances where "que" 
couples notions which, though not strictly compatible with each other, 
have some point in common, — as here burning and sinking are two 
modes of destroying the horse, and so are distinguished from any plan 
of examining it. 

39. Studia, desires. "Almost an anticipation of Tacitus's use of the 
word in the sense of factions, Hist. 4, 6." C, who tr., party spirit. 

41. Laocoon, a priest of Neptune. (Pronounced La-6c-o-on : I have 
heard people talking of the statue of L6-o-coon !) — Summa ab arce, 
from the highest part of the citadel. H. 441, 6 ; A. & S. 205, Rem. 17. 
The citadel, which overlooked the shore, was called PergSmus. 

44. Danafim, i. e. of the Greeks, (a part for the whole.) Danai is 
properly a name of the Argives, from the Egyptian king Dan-a-us, 
who, according to the poets, settled in Argos. S. — Sic notus (est 
VObis) TJlixes? — i. e. Has this been your experience of Ulysses? 

45. Achivi, the name first of a Thessalian tribe, then of the inhab- 
itants of Peloponnesus, and lastly of the Achaians, is here used of the 
Greeks generally. S. 

47. The future participles in this line denote purpose, and may be 



BOOK II. 319 

translated by the English infinitives. H. 578, V. ; A. & S. 274, Rem. 
6, (a.) — Venturaque desuper urbi, and to come down on the, city from 
above. Desuper, down from above. Urbi = in urbem. H. 379, 5; 
A. & G. 225, b; G. 344, 3. A dative of disadvantage as well. 

48. Aliquis = alius quis; some other. — Error, deceit. — Ne. H. 538, 1 
and 2 ; A. & S. 267, R. 1, and note; B. 1113, 1114; A. 269.-49. Et, even. 

50. Validis viribus. Construed with contorsit (52). 

51. Feri, of the beast. 

52. Ilia, i. e. hasta. 

53. Insonuere cavae, sounded as hollow. 

54. Si fata defim. Supply fui&sent, as in line 433 below: If the fates 
of the gods had so willed it. — Si — fuisset, if out minds had not been 
infatuated. 

55. Impulerat, he had induced (us). We should have expected the 
subj. in this apodosis, (impulisset, he would have induced us,) but the 
indicative gives greater vivacity and emphasis. H. 511, II. 2; A. & S. 
259, Rem. 4, 1, and (b); B. 1276; A. 308, b; G. 599, 2. — Foedare, to 
violate, i. e. to break open, to cut in pieces. 

56. There is rhetorical beauty in this line, in the change from the 
third to the second person. Cf. Sil. Ital. vii. 562 sq. 

57. Manns, accus. of specification, limiting revinctum. H. 380 ; A. 
& S. 234, II; B. 728; A. 240, c; G. 332.-59. Qui, subj. of obtulerat. 

60. Hoc ipsum ut strueret, to compass this very thing, viz. to be 
brought to the king. C. 

61. Fidens animi, confident of soul. H. 399, 3, 4j A. & S. 213, 
Rem. 1, (2.); B. 765; A. 218, c, R; G. 374, 3. 

63. Visendi studio, with the desire of seeing (him). 

64. Ruit agrees in number with the actual form of the collective 
noun juventus ; certant with the idea of plurality implied.- — Illudere 
Capto, to taunt the captive. " Capto " lit. a (the one) having been taken/' 

66. Omnes, sc. Banaos. " Learn from a single act of guilt what all 
of them are." 

68. The spondaic line (H. 672, 3; A. & S. 310, 1) marks Sinon'a 
cautious gaze. S. — Phrygia, i. e. Trojan, Troy being a part of Phrygia 
Minor. 

71. LOCUS, sc. est. — Super, (=insuper), moreover. 

73. Conversi (sunt) animi, Our feelings are changed. 

74. Sanguine, abl. of source. H. 425, 3, 1); A. & S. 246; B. 918; 
A. 244, a. — Cretus, sc. sit. 

75. Quidve ferat, or what {information) he brings. Fr. — Ferat, ere- 
tu8 (sit), and sit, indirect questions. H. 525; A. & G. 334. — Memoret 



320 NOTES. 

follows hortamur, with the omission of ut. Z. 624 ; H. 493, 2 ; A. 331, R ; 
G. 546, 3. — Quae sit fiducia (ei) capto, (lit. what is the confidence 
to him taken captive,) what is his ground of confidence now that he is 
a prisoner, i. e. what intelligence he can offer, or what service perform, 
so as not to meet the captive's doom. 

76. This line is bracketed here as wanting in several of the best 
MSS., and not noticed by Servius. Lines or words inclosed in brackets 
are of doubtful authenticity. — Formidine, his assumed fear. 

77. Fuerit qnodcumque, (lit. whatever shall have been,) whatever 
shall happen; i. e. come what will, "quicumque me sequatur eventus," 
(Servius.) The future perf. has sometimes the meaning of a quickly 
completed future action, and is used where we should expect the simple 
future. Sinon says, I will confess everything, whatever vengeance you 
shall at once wreak upon me, — whatever punishment shall be inflicted 
so suddenly, that it shall at once have been inflicted. H. 473, 1 ;. A. & 
S. 259, Rem. (5). See Z. 511; M. 340, Obs. 4; B. 1099; A. 281, R. 

78. Me, sc. esse. 

79. Hoc primum, sc. fatebor. "Hoc," i. e. that I am a Greek* 

80. Improba agrees with Fortuna. 

81. Fando, i. e. by report. — Aliquod, indef. adj. pronoun agreeing 
with nomen (82). 

82. Belldae, of the descendant of Belus. (The long i suggests another 
form of the name, Beleus.) — Palamedes, son of Nauplius, king of Eu- 
boea., (and grandson of the grand- daughter of Belus, king of Egypt,) 
compelled Ulysses to take part in the Trojan war. Vexed at this, and 
also envious of his superior fame in war, Ulysses brought against him 
a false accusation of treachery, in consequence of which he was stoned 
to death. The story is post-Homeric. — Incluta (=inclyta) in the 
nom., or the abl. case ? H. 615, and 1 ; A. 348, 4; G. 704 and Exc. — 
Fama. H. 414; A. & S. 247; B. 873; A. 248. 

83. Falsa Stlb proditione, under a false information (in the legal 
sense — accusation). So C. All other editors, under a false charge of 
treason. — Pelasgi, i.e. the Achivi, the Greeks. The Pelasgians were 
the earliest inhabitants of Greece, the "dark background" of her 
history. 

84. Infando mdicio, by wicked testimony. Ulysses* forged a letter 
from Priam to Palamedes, and concealed it, with a sum of gold, in Pal- 
amedes' tent, where they were found and used as testimony against 
him. — Vetabat. The indicative gives the actual ^eason why Palamedes 
ivas put to death. — 85. Lumine = vita. 

87. Primis ab annis, from my earliest years,— from my early youth. 






BOOK II. 



321 



88. Regno, in his royal dignity, 

89 Et nos, i. e. / also. 

94, 95. Fors — tulisset, Si remeassem : if any chance should bring 
%t about, if I shoxdd return, etc. (Lit. should have brought it about, 
should have returned.) " Promisi is past, and at this past time the 
opportunity was conceived as completed {pluperfect) prior to the threat- 
ened revenge." In direct discourse, we should have the fut. perf. H. 
533, 4; A. A S. 266, 2, Rem. 4. The English idiom is less precise in 
such relations of time than the Latin. A. 286, Rem. ; G. 513, 3. 

98. Terrere, spargere, quaerere. Historical infinitives. H. 545, 
I.,- A. & S. 209, Rem. 5, and note 7; B. 1137; A. 275; G. 650. 

99. Vulgnm. This is the only instance in Virgil in which vulgus 
is masculine. — Conscius, conscious of his guilt. — Arma, weapons (against 
me), i. e. means for Sinon's destruction. So Donatus, W., L., F. Other 

sxplanations of the phrase quaerere — arma are far-fetched. 

100. Enim, like the Greek yap, implies an ellipsis : And (et obtained 
by resolving nee into et non) that he was seeking weapons against me 
was evident, for he did not rest, etc. Such is the actual force of the 
word. In translation, we may imitate the conciseness of the original, 
and gain very much the same general effect, by rendering nee requievit 
enim, "nor indeed (or nor in good truth) did he rest." — Calchas was 
the great soothsayer of the Greeks during the Trojan war. Notice the 
aposiopesis. (See note on Aen. I. 135.) 

101. Sed quid autem, but why, pray. Such combinations of sed and 
autem were common in conversation, and hence in the comic writers. 

102. Quidve moror, or why do I detain you. 

103. Idque — est, and it is enough for you to hear that (name), i. e. 
"Achivum," to hear that I am a Greek. — W., with unnecessary in- 
genuity, takes " audire " in the sense it sometimes bears of " appel- 
lari," to be called, and renders, and it ia enough in your judgment to 
be called this name. — Jamdudum, long since (due). Tr. here, novo 
at once. F. 

104. This (I dare say) the Ithacan (i. e. Ulysses) wishes, and the 
Atridae (i. e. Agamemnon and Menelaus) will purchase it for a great 
price, "The present subjunctive is used in independent propositions 
to soften an assertion or statement, and without any essential difference 
from the present indicative or the future." Z. 527 ; H. 486, III, 3 ; A. 
& S. 260, II, Rem. 4. Many prefer to explain these as cases of omitted 
protasis. — Magno. H. 416; A. & S. 252, R. 3; B. 884; A. 252, d. 

109. Moliri, to prepare. The word implies the difficulty of the 
preparation. 

21 Vir. ' 



322 notes. 

110. Fecissent, H. 488, I. 2; A. & S. 263, 1, Rem. ; B. 1196 ; A. 267. 

114. Eurypylus, a Thessalian chieftain, joined the Grecian expedi- 
tion with forty ships. — Scitantem, to consult. H. 578, V. ; A. & S. 
274, Rem. 2, (a). This use of the pres. participle to denote a purpose 
is unusual both in Greek and Latin. A. 276, b, c; G. 218, 2. 

115. Adytis, from the sanctuary. The abl. of separation is often 
found without a preposition after compounds of re. 

116. Sanguine, etc. The allusion is to the detention of the Grecian 
fleet by contrary winds at Aulis, before setting sail for Troy, and the 
sacrifice of Iphigenia, the daughter of Agamemnon. Virgil and Lucre- 
tius, in representing the victim as actually slain, differ from the ordi- 
nary account, in which a stag is substituted for the maiden by Diana. — 
Placastis = placavistis. 

117. Venistis= venire volebatis. H. Cf. euntes (111). 

118. Quaerendi, sc. sunt. — Animaque litandum (est) Argolica, and 
expiation must be made with a Grecian life. 

119. Ut, when, as soon as. 

121. Cui fata parent, for whom the fates ordain (it, i. e. this death 
by sacrifice). — Poscat demands (as a victim). The verbs are subj.^ 
because an indirect question is implied. 

122. Hie, here, " at this crisis." Adverb of time. 

123. Ea numina, (lit. those divine purposes,) that will. 

124. Canebant, were predicting. 

126. Quinos. II. 174, 2, 4); A. 95, c; G. 310; B. 209.— Tectus, 
i. e. shut up in his tent. — 128. Ithaci, of the Ithacan, i. e. Ulysses. 
129. Composito, according to compact. H. 431, 5 ; A. 255, b; G. 438, 2. 

131. They turned and transferred to the destruction of one poor wretch. 
H., Hen., W., L. Conversa tu lere = converterUnt et [transjtulerunt. 
AV. Others, they bore (acquiesced in) when turned to the destruction, etc- 

132. Farari, historical infin. (See note on line 98.) 

133. Flour and salt (salsae fruges) were sprinkled upon the head 
of the animal to be sacrificed, and fillets (vittae), or twisted bands of 
white and red wool adorned the heads of the priest and of the victim. 

134. Vincula, i. e. the rope with which he was tied to the altar. 

135. Ulva, sedge ; according to Martyn, "the cat-tail, or reed-mace, 
which grows only where there is mud, and is tall enough to conceal 
any person." S. 

136. Dum vela darent. H. 522, II; A. & S. 263, 4, (I).— Dedissent. 
By sequence of tenses for fut. perf. C. takes the clause to mean "in 
the hope, or on the peradventure, that they would have sailed." He 
adds, "An inconsistency will still remain between * darent ' and ' dedis- 



BOOK II. 



323 



sent/ the one implying that Sinon waited while they were getting off, 
the other that he trusted to their having got off before his waiting was 
over; but this is hardly an objection, if indeed the confusion might not 
be said to have a dramatic propriety." 

139. Quos illi fors et poenas reposceilt, of whom perchance they will 
even demand the penalty. For the two accusatives, see H. 374, and 2, 
2); A. & S. 231, Rem. 1; B. 734; A. 239, c; G. 333. 

140. Hanc, this of mine. H. 450; A. 102, a; G. 290, 4; B. 1028. 

141. Quod, wherefore. Ace. of specification, lit. "in regard to 
which." — Te, t. e. Priam. — 142. Quae — talis ut ea. 

142. 143. Inverse attraction. Regularly, per iniemeratam fidem, si 
qua est, etc. Qua, indefinite pronoun, nom. 

143. Laborum. H. 406, I.; A. & S. 215, (1); B. 784; A. 221, a. 

145. His lacrimis, dative. — Ultro, moreover. 

146. Arta = arcta. — Manicas. H. 551, II.; A. & S. 273, 2, d; B. 
1203; A. 330,2; G. 532, 1. 

148. Amissos obliviscere = amitte atque obliviscere; "amittere" 
being used in its earlier sense of " dimittere," (to let go, to dismiss froir 
one's thoughts.) C. The ace. strengthens the meaning of obliviscere. 

150. Quo, for what purpose. 

155. Enses, the sacrificial knives. 

157. Fas, sc. est. 

159. Si qua tegunt, if they (i. e. the Greeks) conceal anything. 

160. Promissis maneas, abide by thy promises. " Proinissis " is 
abl. of place, as appears from the fact that in is generally prefixed. C. 
~ Maneas, serves, subj. in exhortation. 

160. 161. Servata Troja, vocative case. 

161. Si — rependam, if I shall make a large return (for life granted 
and protection assured). C. 

162. Coepti fiducia belli = fiducia qua bellum inceperunt. C. 

163. Auxiliis, by the aid. — Stetit, stood, i.e. was kept up, was 
maintained. — Quo, sc. tempore. 

164. Sed enim. Enim implies an ellipsis : but they forfeited her aid, 
for from the time when the impious Tydides, etc. 

165. Fatale, fa te-b earing, (fateful.) The safety of the palladium was 
one of the securities of Troy's existence. B. 

166. The Palladium was a small statue of Minerva, preserved in a 
temple in the citadel of Troy. It was believed to have fallen from heaven. 

168. Ausi, sc. sunt. 

169. Fluere, referri, historical infinitives. — Ex illo— Danaum, from 
that time the hopes of the Greeks began to ebb, and gliding backwards to 
be borne away. 



824 NOTES. 

170 Practae,sc. sunt. — Aversa, sc. est. 

171. Ea signa=ejus rei signa. — Tritonia, a name of Minerva. See 
Lex. — Monstris, portents, warnings (moneo). 

172. Castris, poetical abl. of place. 

173. Luminibus arrectis, from her wide-open eyes. 

174. Ipsa, "of herself." C. 

178. Omina ni repetant Argis, unless they should take the omens 
afresh in Greece (lit. at Argos, H. 421, II. ; A. & S. 254) ; referring to 
the Roman custom of returniDg from the camp to the city for fresh 
auspices in case of anything unlucky. — Numenque reducant, and 
bring back the divine favor. 

179. Avexere ; from Greece to Troy, at the commencement of the 
expedition. — PelagO, over the sea. See note on line 187. 

180. Quod, that ; i. e. as regards the fact that. So often in Cicero. 

181. (It means that) they are preparing, etc. 

183. Fro numiue laeso* i* e. to make amends for the offence to the 
deity. H. 580; A. & S. 274, R. 5; B. 1357; A. 292, a; G. 667, 2. 

184. Quae piaret (=ut ea piaret), a relative clause with the subj. 
denoting a purpose. H. 489, II. ; A. & S. 264, 5 ; B. 1205, 1207, b; A. 317. 

187. Portis. A. & S. 255, 2; M. 274. "Abl. of way or route by which 
a motion proceeds." F. A. 258, g ; G. 387. Instrumental. 

189. Violasset. H. 532, 4; A.& S. 266, 2, Rem. 4; B. 1290, E, J; 
A. 284, 286, R; G. 516. — Minervae, objective gen. Cf. line 31. 

190. Supply after nam (189) some such verb as praedixit (implied in 
'jussit') to govern the ace. and inf. exit ium futur urn (esse), which is the 
principal clause in the oratio obliqua H. 530, and I.j A. & S. 266, 2. 
Ipsum, Calchantem. — 193. Ultro, of its own accord. — Pelopea ad moe- 
Jlia, to Pelops' walls, i. e. to Argos and Mycenae, in the Peloponnesus 
(" Pelops' isle.") — 194. Ea fata, i. e. magnum exitium. — Manere, here 
in a transitive meaning, await. — 196. Gapti, sc. sumus. 

197. Larissa was the capital of Thessaly, but not in Achilles's do- 
minions. Larissaean here means Thessalian. 

199. Order : Hie aliud majus (monstrum, portent), multoque magis 
tremendum, objicitur (nobis) miseris. — 201. Neptuno. Dat. of refer- 
ence. A. 235, a. — 205. Pariter, with equal course, side by side. 

208. Legit pontum, skims the deep 0. 

209. Spumante Salo, by the foaming brine. H. 414, 2 ; A. & S. 248. 

210. Oculos, ace. of specification ; their blazing eyes suffused. 
212. Visu, at the sight. — Agmine certO, in an undeviating course. 
216. Post = postea. — Auxilio. H. 390, II. 2 ; A. 233 j G. 350. 
218. Medium, sc. emu, his loaist. — Collo, about his neck. A. 225, d; 



book ii. 325 

G. 348 ; H. 384, I. ; A. & S. 249, Rem. 3. — Circumdati, one word, 
separated by tmesis. 

219. Terga, ace. of specification. 

223. Quales mugitus, supply either sunt, or (taking mugitus as accus.) 
tollit (saucius taurus). Observe the effect of the spondees in this line. 

225. Summa. The temple was in the citadel, the highest part of 
the town. H. 441, 6; A. & S. 205, R. 17; B. 662; A. 193. 

228. Cunctis, dative of reference and disadvantage, limiting the 
whole sentence, where with less force a gen. depending upon pectora 
might have been used. See notes on Aen. I. 92 and 102. 

231. Qui laeserit et intorserit. Relative clause with subj. denoting 
the reason: "qui," inasmuch as he. H. 519; A. 320, e; G. 636. 

233. Conclamant. Con-, all with one voice. 

234. Moenia, the buildings within the u murus." Cf. VI. 549. When 
used generally, the word seems nearly equivalent to the city considered 
as a strong place. Cf. IV. 74. — C. So W., who cites II. 252, IX. 196. 

235. Pedibus, sc. equi. — Rotarum lapsus = rotas labentes : {rpo^av 
0daei S . Soph. El. 718. [C.) 

239. Sacra, (sc. carmina), hymns. 

243. TTtero, poetical abl. of place. So arce (245). 

244. Immemores, regardless of the omen. 

245. Infelix, inauspicious. 

246. Fatis futuris, for the future fates. Dative. — Cassandra, a 
daughter of Priam, who obtained from Apollo the gift of prophecy, but, 
slighting his love, received the punishment told in the next line. 

247. Teucris = a Teucris. Poetical dat. of the agent. 

248. Quibus — esset. Relative with the subj. in an adversative 
clause : although that day was our last. H. 515, II.; 516, II. 4; A. <fc S. 
264, 2; B. 1290; A. 320, e; 637. 

250, sqq. The calm and peaceful night, — the joy of the Trojans at 
the departure of the Greeks, and the consequent loose given to indul- 
gence, — and the perfect security which all felt, are strongly contrasted 
with the din, confusion, danger, and destruction which so instantly 
ensue. B. 

250. Vertitur. According to the belief that the heaven described a 
revolution every day, the earth standing still. — Ruit oceano, comes up 
from the ocean. The monosyllabic termination of this line, by its very 
strangeness, calls attention, — (here, to something striking and grand.) 

251. The spondaic time of this line "illustrates the heavy oppressioD 
of the darkness, ruling everywhere, ani filling everything witb 
horror." L. 



326 NOTES. 

254. Instructis, drawn up in order. 256. Flammas, the signal 
light. — Regia puppis, i. e. the ship of Agamemnon. 

258. Danaos et claustra laxat. Zeugma. 

261. Duces, as coming out first. C. 

263. Neoptolemus, or Pyrrhus, son of Achilles, and consequently 
grandson of Peleus (Pelides). — Primus, first (or among the first) to 
come out, or first {eminent) among men {apioretiovTa Ma%dova, II. XI. 
505). Machaon was celebrated among the Greeks for his bravery and 
his skill in the healing art. 

267. Jungunt, sc. sibi. — Conscia, confederate, privy to the plot. 

271. Visus, sc. est. 

273. Lora, a bold use of the ace. of specification, as in Eel. 3, 106 : 
inscripti nomina regum ; ("the part, of perf. pass., used for part, of 
perf. mid., attracting to itself as obj. an ace. case.") Trajectus lora — 
lora trajecta habens. — Tumentes. As the feet would not swell after 
death from the compression of a rope, Henry considers that Virgil does 
not mean to represent Hector as completely dead when dragged around 
Troy. 

275. Redit. The lively present, of a scene so well remembered that 
it seems to be still before the speaker's eyes. — Exuvias. H. 374, 7; 
A. & S. 234, 1. Rem. 1, (a); B. 732 ; A. 240, c, note. Hector slew Patroclus, 
who wore the armor of his friend Achilles. — Achilli. See note on I. 30. 

276. Puppibus (dat.) = in puppes. After landing, the ships were 
drawn up on shore stern foremost. 

278. Quae plurima, which in great numbers. — Accepit, he received 
(when dragged, etc. ; or, perhaps, when fighting.) 

279. Flens ipse, /, too, weeping. 

283. TJt . . . aspicimus, How (i. e. how gladly) do we behold thee. 

287. Nihil, sc. dixit vel respondit. — Moratur, regards. 

291-292. Si Pergama — fuissent. The sense is: "If strength of 
hand could save Troy ever, mine too would have saved it in my day." 
H. 510, and 1; A. & G. 308, a. — Hac, (sc. dextra,) this of mine. H. 
450; A. & S. 207, Rem. 23, (a); B. 1028; A. 102, a; G. 290. 

294. Fatorum COmites, as the sharers of thy destiny. — His, for 
these. 

295. Which thou shalt build at last, of great renown (magna), when 
thou hast wandered over the whole sea (pererrato ponto). Ponto, abl. 
absol. of time. 

297. The fires of Vesta were never allowed to die out. 

298. Miscentur moenia, the city is confused. (See note on lint 
234) 



book ii. 327 

899. Quamquam, etc. Order : quamquam domus parentis Anchisae 
recessit (lay retired) secreta (separate, standing apart), obtectaque arbo- ■ 
ribus. — 301. Clarescunt. H. 281; A. & S. 173; B. 588; A. 167, a. 

302. Excutior, middle; I rouse myself. — 306. Boum labores, Ipya 
0oSv, Hesiod. "Epy. 46. — 307. Inscius, sc. causae. 

309. Fides, the truth, the fact, " res fidem faciens." 

311. Vulcano = igne. Metonymy. Cf. Cic. de N. D. 2, 23, 60. 

312. Ucalegon, i. e. the house of Ucalegon. So Apollo is put for his 
temple, III. 275. — 314. Rationis. H. 396, III. 4); A. & S. 212, R. 4; 
B. 762; A. 216, 4. — 315. Bello,/or battle; dat. of the purpose. 

317. And it occurs to me that it is glorious to die in arms. Supply 
esse with pulchrum. — Mori is the subject of esse understood. 

321. Limina, sc. mea. — Curs. a. t., comes up wildly with a run. 

322. Res summa, the supreme interest; i. e. the state, our country, 
our cause. — Quo — loco, "how stands the main affair? " A. — Quam — 
arcem, What stronghold are we taking, (for the citadel is evidently lost.) 

323. Gemitu. Modal abl. — 325. Dardaniae, dative. — Fuimus, we 
have been, but we are no longer. So fu.it Troja. H. 471, 1 ; A. & S. 
259, Rem. 1, (2), (a) ; B. 1095 ; G. 228, 1. 

326. Argos, ace. of terminus. H. 379; A. & S. 237; B. 938; A. 
258, b. — 328. Adstans, standing erect. C. 

329. Miscet = passim facit vel passim jactat. 

330. Portis. H. 414, 4; A. & S. 255, 2. See note on line 187. 

331. (Tot milia) adsunt quot milia umquam venere magnis Mycenis. 

332. Angusta vianim = angustas vias. H. 396, III. ; A. & S. 212, 
Rem. 3, note 4; B. 762 end; A. 216, 3; G. 371, 7. 

334. Primi, i. e. at the entrance. 

335. Caeco Marte, in the blind encounter, — the engagement at random. 

336. Numine divum, by the xoill of the gods. 

337. Erinys. The best MSS. give the single "n." The reference 
is to the demon of battle. 

341. Agglomerant, sc. se. 

344. Gener, as a son-in-law ; hoping to be a son-in-law. 

345. Qui non audierit, in that (or because) he did not heed. Subj. 
in a relative clause denoting the reason. " Wretch, not to heed." C. 

347. Audere in, venturing upon. " The present, inf., after verbs of 
eense, is often equivalent to the pres. participle." A. & S. 272, Rem, 
5. F. Audere in, to have courage sufficient for. C. 

348. Super — insuper. — His, sc. verbis. 

349. Si — sequi. Order : si vobis est certa cupido sequi (me »eu all 
quern) audentem extrema (pericula). — 350. Sit. Indirect question. 



328 NOTES. 

351. Excessere, etc. The ancients believed that its tutelary deitiaa 
left a city which had been captured by the foe. 

352. Quibus, abl. of means. 

353. Monamur, ruamus. Subj. in exhortation. — 356. Raptores — 
prowling. — 360. Cava, i. e. enshrouding. — Circum-, sc. nos. 

361, 362. Quis explicet, potential subj. The question expects the 
answer, No one. H. 486, II. ; A. & S. 260, Rem. 5; B. 1181; A. 268. 
367. Quondam, sometimes. — Victis. See note on I. 92. 

373. Moratur, sc. vos. 

374. Rapiunt feruntque, i. e. are pillaging. Rapere (and agere) were 
used of driving away flocks and herds and human captives, ferre of 
bearing off inanimate plunder. — 375. Itis. M. 450; A. 210, b. 

377. Sensit delapsus, perceived that he had fallen. A Greek construc- 
tion ; lit. having fallen, perceived it. H. 547, and I. ; A. 272, b; G. 527, 3. 

379. Aspris = asperis. Syncope. H. 703, 2 ; A. & S. 322, 4. 

380. Humi nitens, walking (more literally, advancing with effort, 
viz. because of the briers) on the ground. Humi, locative gen. See note 
on I. 193. 

381. Colla, ace. of specification. 

382. Abibat, teas beginning to retreat. Inceptive imperfect. 

388. Dextra, favorable. — Sequamur. Subj. in exhortation. 

389. Insignia is a common word for the conspicuous accoutrements 
of a soldier, such as shields and helmets. C. 

392. Clipei — decorum, and the comely blazonry of his shield, i. e. his 
comely shield. — Galeam, insigne. See note on exuvias, line 275. 

396. Haud numine nostro, under a divine power not our own, i. e. 
under an unfavorable divinity. C. favors the rendering " under a pro- 
tection not ours," the Grecian arms carrying with them the favor of the 
Grecian deities. H. 414, 3; A. & S. 247, 2; B. 873; A. 248; G. 401. 

398. Orcus was a name of the god of*the dead. 

401. Conduntur (like the Greek middle) = se condunt. 

402. Nihil — divis, by no means (" nihil" adverbial ace.) is it right 
for any one to trust the gods against their will, i. e. to presume on the 
aid of the gods. "Divis" dat. H. 385; A. & S. 223, Rem. 2. So C. 
Many take inv. divis as abl. absol., " when the gods are opposed." 

409. Densis armis, i. e. in close array. Modal abl. 

410. Delubri. The temple of Minerva. 

412. Facie and errore, abl. of cause. — Jubarum, gen. of source ; 
" arising from the Grecian crests." 

413. Gemitu and ira, abl. of manner. — Ereptae virginis (objective 
gen.), at the rescue of the maiden. H. 580; A. 292, a; G. 667, 2. 



book ii. 329 

414. Ajax. Ajax Oileus, who loved Cassandra. 

416. Rupto turbine, a hurricane having burst forth. 

417. Laetus — equis, Enrus exulting in his eastern steeds. "Eois," 
from the region of the morning. " Equis," abl. of cause. 

418. Saevitque, etc. Order: Spumeusque Nereus saevit tridenti, 
atque ciet, etc. The trident, which properly belongs to Neptune, is 
sometimes assigned to Ne-reus {dissyllable), one of the sea-gods; its 
three prongs symbolize Neptune's triple dominion over lakes, rivers, 
and seas. — Nereus, the wise and kindly M old man of the sea." 

420. Quos, any ; indefinite pronoun. 

423. Atque — signant, and mark our speech, different in sound (i. e. in 
pronunciation or accent) from their own. — Sono. H. 429 ; A. 253 -, G.398. 

424. Numero. We should say, by numbers. 

425. Divae. Minerva. — Aram. The altar stood in front of the 
temple. 

426. Unus strengthens "justissimus," the one justest, the very justest, 
justissimus omnium. A. & S. 127, note 2 ; M. 310, obs. 2. 

427. Aequi. H. 399, and 2, 1); A. 218, b; G. 374. 

428. Dis aliter visum (est), it seemed otherwise to the gods. Not 
implying that the gods did not recognize his justice, but that they did 
not deal with him accordingly. 

430. Infula, the fillet which he wore as priest of Apollo. 

431, 432. Meorum, sc. civium. — Testor, sc. vos. 

433. Supply me as the subject of vitavisse and meruisse (434). H. 
545, 2, 1); A. 330,/; G. 527, 2. — Vices, ordinarily translated here 
dangers; but from the primary idea in the word of alternation, "give 
and take," Thiel derives the meaning of hand to hand encounters, thus 
distinguishing " vices " from tela, "missiles sent from a distance." — 
Et — manu, and, had the fates decreed (lit. had it been the fates) that 1 
should fall, I had earned {it, i. e. death) by my prowess. Haupt, Peerl- 
kamp, L., and R. place a semicolon after vices, and translate : / had 
deserved to fall by the hands of the Greeks, i. e. not, like Hypanis and 
Dymas, confixus a sociis. 

435, 436. Aevo and vulnere, abl. of cause. — Gravior. H. 444, 1; 
A. & G. 93, a; G. 312. — Ulixi, gen. of source or agent. H. 396, I.; 
A. & S. 211, Remarks 1 and 2; B. 745. (Subjective genitive.) 

438. Pugnam, governed by cernimus (441), or by videmus implied 
in cernimus. 

439. Forent. H. 506 ; A. & S. 263, 2, (1) ; B. 1277 ; A. 312 ; G. 604. 

440. Sic answers to ceu, and qualifies indomitum, ruentes, and ob- 
sessum. 



330 NOTES. 

441. Acta testudine, a testudo having been advanced. The name 
testudo (lit. tortoise) was applied both to a military engine moving upon 
Wheels, and, as here, "to the covering made by a close body of soldiers 
who placed their shields over their heads to secure themselves against 
the darts and other missiles of the enemy. The shields fitted so closely 
together as to present one unbroken surface, and were also so firm that 
men could walk upon them, and even horses and chariots be driven over 
them. The testudo formed a great protection to the soldiers, either in 
battle, or when they advanced to attack the walls or gates of a town." 
Smith's Diet. Antiq. p. 1119. 

441. sqq. " Two struggles were going on between the assailants ac<3 
defenders, — one about scaling the walls of the palace, the other about 
forcing an entrance through the doors (449, 450). The progress of the 
one is described in lines 452-468, that of the other in lines 469, sqq." 

442. Parietibus (pr. par-yet-i-bus), to the walls of the palace. — 
Postes — ipsos, and at the very door-posts. 

443. Nituntur gradibus, they climb by the steps of the ladders. — Ad 
against. — Protecti, (sc. clipeis,) shielding themselves. 

446. His telis, with these as missiles. 

447. Extrema in morte = in the last deadly struggle. F. 

451. Instaurati animi (sunt), our courage was renewed, referring to 
Aeneas and his two companions. — Regis. Priam. 

463. This secret postern gate is characterized in four ways: first, 
simply as " limen," an entrance; then as a secret door ; then its object 
is pointed out, as admitting to a thorough-fare (pervius usus) between 
the different apartments of Priam's palace (lit. " of the apartments of 
Priam between themselves ") ; lastly its situation, a neglected (sic W.) 
gate in the rear. The palace was built on the four sides of a hollow 
square. Aeneas makes his way into the palace by this back entrance, 
unknown to the Greeks. 

456. Incomitata. A pleasing domestic picture of the absence of state 
with which the princess, simply as woman, took her child with her 
through this private door to visit its grandparents. — Saepius. H.444, 
1; A. & S. 256, Rem. 9, (a). — Andromache, wife of Hector. 

457. Soceros, both her father-in-law and her mother-in-law, Priam 
and Hecuba. So patres, line 579> stands for parentes. W. — Trahebat 
is picturesque, representing the child as not able to keep up with her. 

458. Evado, / make my way through. 

460. In praecipiti, lit. on a precipice, i. e. on the precipitous verge 
of the roof, whence it would fall directly upon the people far below. — 
Summisque — tectis, and built up with very lofty roof to the stare. — 



BOOK II. 331 

Tectij, modal abl. (H. 414, 3; A. & S. 247, 2), or abl. (a noun and adj.) 
of description or characteristic. H. 428 ; A. & S. 211, Rem. 6. 

461. Troja, one of the subject-nominatives of solitae (aunt) videri. 

462. Note the mesozettgma in solitae agreeing with naves, the middle 
subst. of the three to which it belongs. B. 

463. 464. Summa tabulata, its lofty flooring, i. e. the flooring at its 
base on the high roof of the palace. Notice the effect of the spondees 
and dactyles in these and the following lines, as depicting the laborious 
effort with which the tower was removed, and its rapid headlong fall. 

464. Altis sedlDUS, from its deep foundation, 

469. Pyrrhus (or Neoptolemus), son of Achilles. 

470. Luce aena (avyrj x^^tirj), t. e. the gleaming of his burnished armor. 
471-475. Order: Qualis ubi coluber pastus mala (i.e. poisonous) gra- 

mina, quem frigida bruma tegebat tumidum sub terra, nunc, novus, 
exuviis positis, nitidusque juventa, pectore sublato convolvit lubrica 
terga in lucem, arduus ad solem (" rising erect towards the sun "), et micat 
trisulcis Unguis (in) ore. 

477. Automedon, the charioteer of Achilles (equorum agitator), was 
afterwards the armor-bearer of his son Pyrrhus. — Scyria, of Scyros, 
one of the Cyclades. — 479. Ipse. Pyrrhus. — Correpta. A. & S. 257, 
Rem. 5; H. 431, 2, (3); B. 967,- A. 255; G. 409, 1. 

481. Aeratos. The doors were of wood, but covered with plates of 
bronze. — Trabe, arbore. Excisa agrees with it, as the metre shows, 

482. Dedit, u e. opened. — Lato ore, abl. of description. H. 428; 
A. & S. 211, Rem. 6 ; B. 888 ; A. 251 j G. 402. 

485. Armatos, i. e. the armed guards of the palace. 

487. Cavae aedes, the hollow (i. e. the re-echoing) halls. Others, 
simply the cavaedium, or inner-court (roofed on the sides, but with an 
opening to the sky in the centre), around which the other apartments lay. 

492. Ariete (pr. ar-ye-te), not here strictly a battering-ram, but 
whatever he used to batter with; (probably the trabs, line 481.) 

496. Non sic, i. e. not with such impetuosity. Construed with fertur. 
— Aggeribus, (its) dykes. 

498. Cumulo, with its mass of waters. Abl. of manner. 

501. Nurus is used here in a wide sense, including married daughters 
as well as daughters-in-law. Priam is said to have had fifty sons and 
fifty daughters. — Per, among. 

503. Illi, those fifty famous chambers. H. 450, 5 ; A. 102, b ; G. 292, 2. 

504. Barbarico. Commentators are not agreed whether this "bar- 
baric gold" is Trojan, Virgil inadvertently making Aeneas talk like a 
Roman, or whether the adj. means literally " foreign," referring to gold 



332 NOTES. 

from the East, captured in war. — Postes, appositive to thalami, a part 
to the whole. Spoils were fastened on door-posts, to be conspicuous. 

509. Senior, " the aged sire;" "too old." H. 441, 1 ; A. & S. 256, 
Rem. 9, (a.) ; B. 902; A. 93, a; G. 312. 

512. Aedibus in mediis, in the middle of the palace. The altar and 
the bay-tree were in the uncovered portion of the inner court. 

519. Mens, purpose, thought, resolution. — 520. Cingi, reflexive. 

521. Non tali auxilio, etc. Not such aid does the time demand, — 
"we have not now to look to arms, but to altars and prayers" Hen. 
and C. — Defensoribus, defences. So Caes. B. G. 4, 17. 

522. Non. Supply egeret, as the apodosis of si afforet. " No, not if." 

527. Per tela, per hostes. Taken with elapsns. 

528. The porticos or cloisters surrounded the atrium or court. — 529. 
I. v., threatening to wound him. — 530. Jam, jam que, and now, even now. 

536. Pietas, sympathy, kindly feeling, regard for piety. Used of 
the feeling of the gods to pious men. — Quae — curet. A relative 
clause with the subj. characterizing and defining an indefinite antece- 
dent. H. 501, I. ; A. & S. 264, 6; B. 1227; A. 320. 

537. Persolvant, subj. of wish, imprecation. H. 488, I.; A. & S. 
260, Rem. 6; B. 1193, 1196; A. 267; G. 253. 

539. Et — vultus, and hast contaminated a father's eyes with (his) 
death. The very sight of his son's murder, in the belief of the an- 
cients, has a polluting effect. 

540. Quo. H. 425, 3, 1) ; A. & S. 246; B. 918; A. 244, a. Abl. of 
source. — 541. In (with the abl. of the name of a, person), in the case 
of, in relation to. — Fid. sup., i. e. the faith due to a suppliant. 

542. Erubuit, he respected; (lit. he blushed before.) A. 237, b; G.329,1. 

543. Hectoreum. The student will notice many instances of the 
use of adjectives derived from proper nouns, when it would be more ac- 
cordant with the English idiom to use the genitive of the name. 

545. Repulsum, sc. est. — 547. Referes. H. 470, 1 ; A. 269, /; G. 265. 
548. To my father Pelldes (i. e. Achilles). 

553. Lateri. H. 379, 5 ; A. 229, c ; G. 344, 3. Dative of reference. 
— Capulo, governed by terms. H. 434, 4; A. 260, e; G. 414; B. 473. 

555. Sorte, according to his destiny. H. 414, 2 ; A. 253 ; G. 398. — 
Tulit *= abstulit. — Videntem. " The present part, has a force, as the 
destruction is still going on before Priam's eyes at the time of his death." 

556. Populis terrisque. Abl. of cause after superbum. So most 
recent commentators : others, dat. after regnatorem, over so many tribes. 

557. Asiae. Asia Minor. 

562. Cre-n-sa, the daughter of Priam and wife of Aeneas. 



book ii. 333 

583. CaSUS, the possible fate or the peril. — 564. Quae COpia, what 
force (of fighting- men). Cf. Aen. XI. 834. — 566. Aegra, icearied. 

567-588. These lines are omitted in the best MSS., but while the 
external evidence is against them, the internal is for them, and I agree 
with R. and C. in thinking them genuine. 

567. Super eram, one word, separated by tmesis : I was left alone, 

569. Tyndarida, the daughter of Tyndareus, Helen. 

570. Erranti, sc. mihi. 

574. Aris, poetical abl. of place. — Invisa, hated, a hateful object; 
others, unseen. 
576= Sceleratas poenas = sceleris poenas. 

577. Mycenae is here put for Greece. Virgil is fond of putting the 
particular for the general. 

578. Aspiciet. Tr. this and the two following futures with shall. — 
Parto triumpho. Abl. absolute. 

579. Conjugium = conjugem. — Domum, her family. — Patres, her 
parents. 

580. Turba, abl. with comitata ; (see note on I. 312.) "Iliadum" of 
Trojan dames, while the ministri are male attendants. A. 135, b. 

581. (And) shall Priam have fallen by the sword t Shall Troy have 
blazed with fire ? These fut. perfects (and sudarit) "indicate those cir- 
cumstances in the past which make it monstrous that the event spoken 
of as future, 'aspiciet/ 'ibit/ ' videbit/ should ever be realized. 'Shall 
she return, now that Priam has been murdered, Troy burned, Dardania 
bathed in blood? ' Cf. IV. 590-1." C. 

582. Sudarit, contracted from sudaverit. 

585. Nefas, contemptuously, instead of nefariam. — Exstinxisse lau- 
dabor = laudabor quod exstinxi, or qui exstinxerim. — Sumpsisse nieren- 
tis poenas, for having exacted punishment from (one) deserving it. Mervn~ 
tis, objective gen. Some editors make it ace. pi. agreeing with poenas. 

587. Flammae. H. 410, 7, 2); A. & S. 220, 3; B. 915,- A. 221.— 
Satiasse, (contracted from satiavisse,) to have appealed. 

591. Confessa deam, confessing the goddess, i. q. " confessa se deam 
esse." 

592. Dextraque — continuit, i. e. "and seizing me by my righ; 
hand," (with which Aeneas was laying hold of his sword,) "held me 
back." See H. 579; A. & S. 274, 3, (b.) — Prehensum, sc. me. 

595. Cura nostri, (nostri objective gen.,) affection for me, (to be 
shown in defending and saving Anchises.) 

597. Liqueris (perf. subj. of linquo), and superet, subj. of indir<w 
question. — Conjunxne, whether thy wife. 



334 NOTES. 

598. Quos, governed by circum in the next line., 

599, 600. Ni — ensis. We have here the pres. subj. in the protasis 
and the perf. in the apodosis, where we should have expected the imperf. 
and the pluperf. H. 504, 1; A. & S. 261, Rem. 3. is Resistat expresses 
that the danger and consequently the guardianship (mea cura) are not 
over. Tulerint and hauserit, for the sake of liveliness, speak of the 
destruction as already a thing of the past." C. More clearly S. : i My 
present resistance alone prevents the present completion of their destruc- 
tion.' Tr. : "And (whom), were it not that my care opposes, by this time the 
flames would have swept away, and the hostile sword have drunk (their 
blood)." 

601 SC[C[. Not the hated beauty of Laconian Tyndaris, nor censured 
Paris, — the severity of the gods, I say of the gods, is overthrowing for 
thee this dominion, etc. " Tyndaris," Helen, the step-daughter of Tyn- 
dareus. — Tibi, dativus ethicus, depending on evertit — Trojam, and ex- 
pressing the person affected with emotion (here of grief) by the overthrow. 

604. Namque, and thou canst, for (eripiam omnem nubem, etc.) — 
Quae — caligat. Order: quae nunc, obducta, hebetat mortales visus 
tibi tuenti, et, humida, caligat circum. 

608-623. " Not Homer himself is more sublime than Virgil in his 
loftiest flights, as when he describes the gods congregated for Troy's 
downfall." S. Introduction. 

609, 610. Pulvere, dust (from the ruins). — Tridenti, abl. 

612. " The Scaean gate looked towards the shore, and the battle nat- 
urally thickened round it." 

613. Prima, foremost, in front. The Scaean gate faced the Grecian 
camp. — Socium agmen, i. e. the Greeks. 

615. Jam, already. The sense is, it has already gone so far that 
even Pallas, the former protectress of Troy, sits as an enemy on the 
pinnacle of the citadel. L. 

616. Limbo — saeva, refulgent with (her) bordered robe and (her) fierce 
Gorgon. "Limbo," lit. with her border. "The robe reaching down to 
the feet was a characteristic of Pallas, and the border would naturally 
be of peculiar splendor, as it frequently appears to have been in more 
ordinary human costume." As the peplo 8 or robe is here indicated by 
its most conspicuous part, so the aegis or shield is pointed out by the 
head of the Gorgon Medusa which it bore. I follow Hen., L., and R. 
in adopting limbo (which is found in a few MSS. and is mentioned by 
Servius) instea.d of nimbo, the ordinary reading. 

617. 618. Pater, Jupiter.— Secundas, i.e. victorious. — Sufficit, sup. 
vlies. 






book ii. 335 

621. Dixerat, she ceased to speak; (lit. she had spoken.) 

622. While she speaks, the wondrous vision is revealed: the awful 
forms appear, etc, 

624, Mihi, poetical dat. of the agent. — Visum (est), was seen, 

625. Troy was called Neptunian because its walls were built by Nep- 
tune and Apollo. 

626-631. There is no apodosis in this sentence, but it is easily sup- 
plied by the mind ; indeed it may be said to be implied in line 624-5. 
As the ash, so at length old Troy gave way. — B. 

629. Comam, ace. of specification. B. quotes Milton's expression, 
"the graceful locks of these far-spreading trees." A. 240, c: G. 332; 
B. 728. — Vertice, H. 414, 3; A. & S. 247, 2; B. 873. Modal abl. 

630. Supremum COngemuit, it has groaned loudly its last. H. 371, 
1, 3), (2) ; A. & S. 232, (3); B. 713 et seqq. ; A. 240, a; G. 331, 2. 

632. Deo. Venus, deus being used as of common gender. 

636. Optabam. A. 277, c; G. 224.-637. ExcisaTroja, abl. absolute. 

638, 639. Quibus, sc. est. — Integer aevi sanguis = sanguis aevi 
integri (W.), "quibus — sanguis," whose is the blood of unimpaired 
youth. — Aevi, H. 399, 3, 4) ; A. & S. 213. Genitive of specification. — 
Suo, emphatic : your otvn, not another's. — 640. Do you speed your flight. 

642. Una exc. Anchises refers to the destruction of Troy by Her- 
cules in the time of Laomedon. — Una, plural because with a plural noun. 
H. 176, 1 ; A. & S. 118, Rem. 2 ; B. 203, 3 ; M. 76, c, Obs. ; A. 94, a. 

644. Sic positum, i. e. stretched out in the attitude of death; sic, 
just as I am. — Affati, i. e. with the words "salve! vale! ave!" 

645. Ipse manu. I myself with my hand, i. e. by fighting. Like 
Priam, he will mingle in the battle and provoke his death. 

646. "In calling the loss of a tomb a light one, Anchises is speak- 
ing as a world-wearied old man, not as realizing the belief of the heroic 
time " that the souls of the unburied wandered forlorn on this side of 
the Styx for a hundred years. 

647. Invisus divis. Anchises was thunder-stricken and lamed by 
Jupiter for boasting of the love of Venus. 

648. Demoror. H. 467, III. 2 ; A. & S. 145, I. 2 ; B. 1083 ; A. 115, 
2; G. 221. — Ex quo, sc. tempore. 

649. Me fulminis — igni, blasted me with the wind of the thunderbolt 
and struck me toith its fire. 

652-3. Vertere, to overthrow, to destroy. — Fato — incumbere, and 
to lend his weight to (lit. to lean upon) the destiny {that was) bearing 
(us) down. C. 

654. Incepto as well as sedibus is governed by in. — Isdem belongs 
to both nouns. — 655. Feror, / am about to plunge. A. 276, b. 



336 NOTES. 

660. Et — animo, and this resolution is fixed in {thy) mind. — Animo, 
poetical ablative of place. 

661. Isti letO, for that death thou seekest. For the reference of iste 
to the second person, see H. 450; A. 102, c; G. 291; B. 1028. 

664. Hoc erat, quod, was this (the reason) that ; was it for this, that. 
A. 277, d; G. 224, 3.-668. Lux ultima = the last day. 

681. Inter manus. Creiisa held lulus in her arms, and was press- 
ing him upon Aeneas. 

682-3. Levis apex, a light pointed-flame. — Visus, sc. est. — Tactu. 
H. 429; A. & S. 250, 1; B. 889; A. 303, R.; G. 437 (specification.) 

684. Pasci, " i. e. stray." — 685. Trepidare, historical infinitive. 

690. Aspice — tantum, look (with favor) upon us in this one thing 
(lit. this thing only). Hoc, ace. of specification. W. makes it ace. of 
kindred signification, after aspice nos : " Cast upon us but this one 
propitious glance." G. 331, Rem. 2. 

693. Thunder on the left was held as a good omen by the Romans. 

699. Anchises lifts himself up from his recumbent posture. 

706. AestUS, ace. : the conflagration rolls its surges nearer. 

707. Imponere, imperat. pass, (with the force of a middle), place 
Ihyself upon. 

708. Labor iste, this labor of carrying thee. Iste is the demonstra- 
tive of the second person. — Humeris, abl. of means. 

711. Longe, at some distance, so as not to attract the attention of the 
enemy. The servants, too, were sent by different routes (ex diverso, 716.) 

713. Egressis (sc. Us), dat. of reference and interest. A. & G. 235, 
b; G. 354. (See note on jactanti, I. 102.) As you go forth. 

714. Cupressus. The student will notice many instances in which 
a sacred tree is spoken of in connection with an altar or a shrine. 

719. Aen. must be purified after blood-pollution. — Vivo, i. e. running. 

721. Humeros and colla, ace. of specification, after insternor. 

722. Super, above, to be taken adverbially with insternor. 
724. Who does not realize the scene here described ? B. 
729. Comiti, oneri, for my companion, etc. H. 385, 3. 

735. Mihi trepido, dat. of disadvantage, limiting confusam eripuit 
mentem. H. 386, 2; A. & G. 229; G. 344. — Nescio quod, I know not 
what (i. e. some). — Male aniicum == unfriendly. 

737. Nota regione viarum,/rom the known (i. e. the familiar) direcr 
tion of the way. 

738. Misero mi (=mihi) erepta (est), was snatched from me un- 
happy. H. 386, 2; A. & S. 224, Rem. 2; B. 855, 856; 1075; A. 229; 
G. 344, 2. Fato mi, a conjecture of R. The MSS. : fatone. 



book ii. 337 

739. "We might expect the subj. of indirect question, after incertum 
(est), in these verbs; but the indicative of direct question is used, with 
greater rhetorical effect : " did she halt, or did she wander from the 
path, or did she sit down wearied ? It is uncertain." 

750. Stat, sc. sententia: i. e. I am determined. 

754. Lumine, with the eye. 

755. Animo, sc. meo. — Terrent, sc. me. 

756. Pedem tulisset, she might have borne her foot (i. e. gone) thither. 
761. Portic, and asylo, poet. abl. of place. — Asylo, in the sanctuary. 
771. Tectis=in tectis, among the houses. — Furenti, roaming wildly. 

773. Nota* major. The ghosts of the dead appear larger than in life. 

774. Steterunt. H. 669, IV.; A. & S. 307, I. and (2) ; B. 1458, n. 

779. Fas, destiny. — Aut, where we use nor. A. & S. 198, II. 2, (d). 

780. Exsilia, sc. sunt obeunda. Longa (as pi.), in many distant places. 

781. The Tiber, rising in Etruria, is called Lydian from the traditional 
origin of the Etruscans from Lydia in Asia Minor. (Herodotus, i. 94.) 

784. Parta, sc. sunt. — Creusae, obj. gen.; tears for, etc. 
. 786. Servitum. H. 569 ; A. & S. 276, 1, and II.; B. 1360, 1364 ; A. 302. 

787. Dardanis, a woman sprung from Dardanus. H. 316 ; A. & S. 
100, 1, (b); B. 548; A. 164, b. 

788. Deum genetrix, Cybele. She was one of the patronesses of 
Troy, being a Phrygian goddess and worshipped on Ida. C. 

792. Conatus, sc. «wm. — Collo. Dat. H. 384, II. 1; A. & S. 249, 
I., Rem. 3; B. 855, 859; A. 225, d; G. 348. 

795. There seems a touch of pathos in sic. A modern writer would 
probably expand it, "A lonely widower, I return to my comrades." C. 

800. Deducere, to conduct them as colonists. 

801. The planet Venus when seen in the east, near sunrise, was 
called Lucifer or Phosphorus ; when seen in the west at evening, Hes- 
perus. 

804. Cessi, I gave way, — I yielded to fate. 

22Vir. 




BOOK III. 

ARGUMENT. 

In the winter after the overthrow cf Troy, Aeneas buildo a fleet (1-8), 
He sails with a number of fellow-exiles in the spring or summer of the 
second year, and spends the winter in Thrace, where he begins to found 
a city; but the shade of Polydorus warns him to avoid the cursed land 
(8-68). In the third year, he goes to Delos, and consults the oracle, 
but, misinterpreting the response, steers for Crete instead of Italy (73- 
120). Ill omens and a plague retard the building of his rising city ; 
but, warned by the gods, in the fifth year he directs his course to Italy 
(121-191). He is wafted in a storm to the Strophades, thence to Ac- 
tium, where he celebrates games in honor of Apollo (192-290). In the 
sixth year, he lands in Epirus, and finds it ruled over by Helenus, one 
of the sons of Priam, to whom, after the death of Pyrrhus, the kingdom 
had fallen, and along with it Andromache, formerly the wife of Hector. 
He is received with great kindness, and instructed by Helenus in all the 
labors and dangers that yet await him on his voyage (291-505). Cross- 
ing to the Italian shore, he coasts southward, approaches the district of 
Sicily near to Aetna, escapes the Cyclopes, and again stands out to sea 
(506-683). Avoiding Scylla and Charybdis, he reaches Drepanum, 
where his father Anchises dies ; thence setting sail, he is driven to Car- 
thage, where he arrives in the summer of the seventh year, probably as 
winter is drawing on (684-718). 

1. Res Asiae, the kingdom of Asia. 

2. Visum (est) SUperis, it seemed good to the gods above. 

3. Humo, from the ground. — Fumat. The change to the present is 
lively : the smoke continues after the instantaneous overthrow. 

6, Molimur, we build : more lit., " prepare with much labor." 
9. Fatis. We might have expected "ventis," but the unusual ex- 
pression to spread their sails to the fates indicates their dependence oa 
destiny. 

13 Terra Mavortia, a land devoted to Mars. — Procul simply implies 

(338) 



book in. 339 

local separation, and is used of a little distance as well as a great 
Thrace was separated from the Troad only by the narrow Hellespont 
that Leander and Byron swam across. 

19. To my Dionaean mother. Venus was the daughter of Dionc. 

22. Quo, poetical abl. of place. — Quo summo, on the top of which. 

28. Huic, from this. D at. of reference, instead of the abl. of source. 
— Atro sanguine, in dark Hood. Abl. of description. H. 428; A. & 
S. 211, Rem. 6 ; B. 888 ; A. 251. Others, abl. of material, source. 

36. That they should duly render the portent (visus) propitious, and 
lighten (mitigate) the omen. On the subjunctives, H. 493, 2 ; A. & S. 
262, Rem. 4; B. 1204 end y A. 331,/, R. 

39. Eloquar, sileam, (shall I speak, etc.,) subj. in a question of pro- 
priety. H. 486, II. i A. & S. 260, R. 5; B. 1180; A. 268; G. 251. 

41. Jam, at last, (after this third effort.) — 42. Manus, sc. tuas. 

43. " Non " (42) governing the whole sentence, gives aut the force 
of nee. "Nor does this blood flow from the tree." J., Forb., and C. tr. 
differently, supplying { externus' to 'cruor/ 

45. Polydorus, a son of Priam. — Hie, adverb. — Confixum, sc. me. 

46. Jaculis — acutis, has shot up into sharp javelins. H. and W. — 
Jaculis, (dative) = in jacula. H. 384, II. 2, 1); A. 225, b; G. 344, 3. 
Some scholars take jac. ac. as modal abl. — 50. Mandarat=mandaverat. 
Alendum. H. 565, 3 ; A. & S. 274, Rem. 7 ; B. 1315 ; A. 294, d. 

54. Res Agamemnonias, the fortunes of Agamemnon. 

56-7. Quid cognate ace. with cogis, pectora object ace. — Sacra, ac- 
cursed. 

58-9. Primum, in the first place. — Monstra, prodigies. 

63. Tumulo (dat.) = in tumxdum. W. Earth is added to the casual 
mound already existing (line 22). — Stant, are erected. — Arae. Two in 
number; cf. III. 305. 

67. Sanguinis sacri, *. e. of the blood of victims. 

68. Supremum, adverbial ace, for the last time. 70. Cr., whistling. 
71. Deducunt, (haul down from the shore,) launch. 

73. Sacra tellus ( Delos) col. med. mar., gratissima matri Nereidum, etc. 

75-6. Which (when) wandering about (all) seas and shores, the grateful 
Archer (Apollo) bound to lofty Myconos and Gydros. " Pius " denotes 
Apollo's affection for his birthplace and gratitude for his mother's shelter. 

80. Idem, lit. the same man, \. e. at the same time king and priest. 

88. Quern sequimur, L e. who is to be our guide ? A lively use of the 
pres. for the fut. 

102. Monumenta, traditions. 

104. Crete is called " Jovis magni insula" as the birthplace of Jove. 



340 NOTES. 

108. fthoeteas. The Troad is so called from a promontory on the 
Hellespont. 

111. Hinc, etc. Hence, i. e. from Crete, came to Phrygia, the mother 
of the gods, (Cybele), and her rites. — Cybeli, of Cybelus, a mountain in 
Phrygia. Serv. 

113. Dominae, of their mistress, Cybele. 

118. Aris, on the altars. Local abl. (Con.) Forb. takes it as dat. 

120. A black victim is offered to the power which is required to with- 
hold unpropitious influences, a white one to those that are expected to 
exert themselves favorably. C. 

122. Iddmeneus, on his return to Crete from the Trojan war, being 
endangered by a storm, vowed to sacrifice to the gods, if spared by 
them, whatever first met him on reaching his house. His own son 
became the victim. A pestilence subsequently visiting Crete, his crime 
was considered as the cause, and he was exiled from the island. 

123. Domum, a home. — Adstare, "stand ready to our hand." 

125. Bacchatam, part, of a dep. verb, used passively: "revelled 
upon." — Jugis, poet. abl. of place : b. j. with Bacchic revels on its hills, 

126. Paros is called snoio-white from the color of its marble. 

127. Concita, aroused by, "rushing by." Fr. In the narrow channel? 
the waves rose higher and boiled more fiercely than out at sea. 

129. Petamus, oratio recta : let us seek. 

134. Tectis, for their dwellings, i. e. for the protection of their houses ; 
dat. of advantage. Many editors: "to build up the acropolis with 
roofs"; abl. of means. 

136. Commons, (con-nub-yis), dat. after operata. H. 384; A. & S. 223. 

138. CorruptO — tractu, the expanse of the sky being tainted. Cause. 

141. Exurere, historical inf. Steriles, so that they became barren. 

144. Veniam, a gracious answer. 

150. Jacentis, sc. mei. Before my eyes as I lay. 

155-6. Hie Canit, he foretells here. — Ultro, unasked. — SeCUti (sumus). 

158. Idem (nom. pi.), lit. (we) the same, we also. H. 451, 3; A. & 
S. 207, Rem. 27, (a); B. 1034 ; A. 195, e; G. 296. 

159. Magnis, for great men. C. " for us, great deities." 

162. Apollo was born in Delos. — Cretae, in Creta. H. 424, 1 ; A. 
& S. 221, Rem. 1; B. 931 N. B.; 932; A. 258, c. Rem.; G. 412. 

163-166. See notes on I. 530-533, which passage this repeats. 

168. Iasius, the brother of Dardanus. — Quo, i. e. Dardano. 

170. Corythum requirat, let him (Anchises) seek Corythus (the 
town : see Lex.). 

175-6. Corpore. H. 425, 3, 4); A. & G. 243; B. 916, 917. Ennius, 
in a line here imitated, uses ex' — Supinas, with the palms upwards. 



BOOK III. 341 

180. Gem. par., the twofold lineage; one ancestor from Crete (108), 
another from Italy. 

181. N. V. e. 1., by a modern error in regard to ancient places. 
184. Portendere. Supply earn (i. e. Cassandram) as subject. 

187. Crederet, who could believe so, in those days ; a lively use of the 
imperf., where we should prefer the pluperf. : "who would have thought 
so." C. Potential subjunctive. H. 486, 4; A. 308, a; 268; G. 252. 

191. Aequor, gov. by currimus, by an extension of the principle of 
cognate ace. (as in "currimus cursuin.") H. 371, 3; A. & S. 232, 2. 

195. Inhorruit tenebris, grew rough (or was ruffled) in the dark shade. 

201-3. Discernere. H. 545, 2, 1); A. & S. 239, Rem. 2; B. 1139; 
A. 336, a; G. 527, 2. — TreS adeo soles, three whole days. 

206. Visa, est. — Aperire, to disclose. — Fumum, a sign of human 
habitation. 

212. Harpyiae, (lit. the plunderers). Pronounced Har-pwi-ae 
(*Ap7rviai). In Homer, personified storm-winds ; here, demons of famine. 

214. Clausa (est iis), was shut against them. The Argonauts, Zetes 
and Calais, drove the Harpies from the house of Phineus, where they 
had devoured or defiled the food on his tables, to punish his crime. 

221. Nullo CUStode, abl. absol. — 223. To a share of the booty. 

224. Toro3, couches or seats of turf. — 224. Dapibus, abl. of means. 

232. Ex diverso, sc. loco vel tractu. The adj. is used substantively. 

234-5. Edico with subj. I direct, with inf. I announce. — Capessant. 
H. 530, II. 3, 2); A. & G. 331,/, Rem.; G. 546, Rem. 3. — Gerendum 
(esse). H. 530, 1. ; A. & S. 266, 2, and Rem. 2 ; H. 528. Orat. obliqua. 

236-7. Haud secus ac, not otherwise than. — Tectos and latentia, by 
prolepsis (anticipation) denote the result of the action. 

239. Some high rock serves the trumpeter of Aeneas as watch-tower. 

241. Foedare, inf. used as a noun in apposition with proelia. 

246. Infelix vates, mn inauspicious prophet. 

248. Laomedontiadae, ye children of Laomedon. Sarcastic, reminding 
them of L.'s treachery in defrauding Apollo and Neptune. 

249. Patrio, our father's. They were daughters of Pontus or Nep- 
tune. Others: our rightful. 

252. Virgil identifies or confuses the Harpies with the Furies. C. 

253. Vocatis, being invoked to favor your course. W. 

257. Subigat. Subj. after antequam. — Malis, (from mala) with ab- 
sumere. — 259. Sociis. See note on i. 92 ; A. 235, a ; G. 344. 

267. Exc. 1. r., " to ease the unrolled sheets " (i. e. the ropes fastened to 
the bottom of the sail at its two corners). Before setting sail, these ropes 
would lie in a coil or bundle. — 268. TJndis, abl. of the way by which. 



342 NOTES. 

275. Apollo, t. e. his temple; built on a dangerous rock, hence 
formidatuB nantis. — Aperitur, is disclosed, comes into view. 

279. Jovi, in honor of Jupiter. C. — Votis, with votive offerings. W. 

280. Cel. litora ludis is a variety for eel. ludos in litore, eel. having 
its strict sense of ' to make populous/ C. In representing Aen. as cel- 
ebrating games at Actium, Virgil compliments Augustus, who instituted 
a quinquennial celebration at Actium in consequence of his victory. 

281. Oleo (with which they were anointed). — 01. lab., abl. absol. 
284. Annum, governed by circum in composition. H. 371, 4; A. A 

S. 233, (2). The original meaning of annus is circle, circuit. 

286. Abas was a mythical king of Argos, whose shield obtained 
victory even after his death. Virg. represents one of his descendants 
as slain by Aeneas and stripped of his shield. 

287-8. Post, adv., on the front of the door-posts (of the temple). — 
Carmine, with a verse (as follows). — De, (taken) from. — Arma, sc. 
dicat (dedicates). 

291. Phaeacum arces, i. e. the mountains of Corcyra. 

292. Portu, dat. H. 117, 3, and 386; A. & S. 89, 3; A. 228. 

294. Incredibilis rerum fama = incredibilium rerum/ama, 

295. Helenus, a son of Priam, had been taken to Epirus by Pyrrhus, 
king of Epirus and son of Achilles, who had married Andromache, 
Hector's widow. On the death of Pyrrhus, Helenus succeeded him in 
his kingdom as he had in his marriage. H. had the gift of prophecy. 

297. Patrio, of her country (as being an Asiatic). — Cessisse, has 
2Jassed to. — 301. Sollemnes dapes, the anniversary offering to the dead. 

302. Falsi, of the mimic, or of the feigned. Helenus and Andromache 
have shown their affection for Troy by transferring its names to their 
new realm. — 303. Libabat. Indie, after quum, of absolute time. 

304. Viridi caespite, abl. of material. — Inanem, i. e. as a cenotaph. 

310. Adfersne te mihi ut (as a) vera fades, ut vems nuntius? 

319. When the student shall have read the Iliad, he will feel the 
full pathos of this address : Hector's Andromache, The possessive gen. 
Hectoris limits Andromache directly ; to supply uxor, with some com- 
mentators, sadly mars the beauty of the passage. Pyrrhin' = Pyr- 
rhine. H. 669, I. 3; A. & S. 322, 7; A. 13, c; G. 456, 2. 

321. Priameia virgo, Polyxena, virgin daughter of Priam, who was 
immolated by the Greeks on the tomb of Achilles. 

326. Stirpis Ach., i. e. Pyrrhus. 

327. Servitio enixae, i( having borne offspring in slavery ;" enixae 
agrees with nos (325), "I." 

329. Transmisit me f amnio Hel., famulamque, and {myself) a slave. 



book in. 343 

330. Orestes, already frantic with the consciousness of having mur- 
dered his mother, (seel. Furiis agitatuts,) and still more maddened at 
the loss of Hermione, who had been betrothed to him, (ereptae conjugis,) 
Blew Pyrrhus at Delphi, while he was worshipping at the altar erected to 
his father Achilles (patrias aras)." Fr. 

336. Jugis, to the mountain-tops. H. 386 ; A. & G. 228 ; B. 826. 

339. Quid, sc. facit, how fares ? " "What of the boy Ascanius ? " — Ves- 
citur, etc., "and does she breathe the vital air, who for thee, when Troy 
(was) already — ." But here some look or sign on the part of Aeneas 
indicates to Andromache that Creiisa is no more; and she breaks off 
her inquiry after the mother, to return to the boy. Troja may be pre- 
sumed to be abl. absol. with some participle which was to follow in the 
unfinished sentence. Another reading (340) Quern. 

341. Tamen, still, in spite of her death. — Cura = desiderium. 

343. Avunculus. Hector was Creiisa's brother. 

348-9. Multum, used adverbially. — Magnis, sc. Pergamis. 

351. It was a custom of the Romans, returning after a long absence, 
to embrace and kiss the door-posts of their houses. Cf. II. 490. 

353. The cloisters (porticus) seem to have surrounded the hall (aula), 
which appears to be used in Virg., in the case of a palace, as equivalent 
to atrium. C. 

360. Qui sentis, i. e. thou, whose senses are alive to. 

362-3. Religio, responses or auspices ; prospera, favorable. 

368. Sequens (= si sequar), protasis, possim, apodosis. H. 503, 2, 
1) j A. & S. 261, Rem. 4; A. 310, a. 

376. Jupiter draws the decrees of fate like lots out of the urn; volvit 
vices, i. e. ordains the succession of events ; i« vertitur ordo, such an 
order of things is revolving, (i. e. is on the point of being fulfilled in 
thy fortunes.) — 377. Hospita, strange, foreign. 

381-4. Ital., the Italy, (that part thou art to seek;) obj. of dividit. — - 
Longa — terris, at a long distance, a far and pathless journey separates 
from our far lands, i. e. from Epirus. Forb. and C. Others : longis 
div. terris. ' divides by a long stretch of country/ — Ante. A. 262 ; G. 566. 

386. Inferni lacus, t. e. Avernus. — Circe is called Aeaean from Aea 
in Colchis. 

398. Graiis, poetical dat. of the agent. H. 388, 4 ; A. 232, b; G. 352. 

401. Hie — muro, here is that little Petelia, the city of the Meliboean 
leader Philoctetes, supported by its wall. 

403. Steterint, shall have anchored. 

405. Velare, imperat. pass., veil thyself. The covering of the head 
during sacrifice was a distinctively Roman custom, the Greeks sacri- 
ficing with the head uncovered. — Comas, ace. of specification. 



344 NOTES. 

412. Laeva tellus, the left or southern side of Sicily, round which 
Aeneas was to sail " longo circuitu," so as to avoid the passage be- 
tween Scylla and Charybdis. C. 

421. Ter, three times a day. — 428. C.c, having the tails {del.) joined. 

440. Mittere, thou shalt be conducted. Future indio. passive. 

444. Leaves would be among the earliest materials for writing. 

446. Digerit in numerum, she arranges in order. 

453. Tanti, of so great consequence ; (followed by quin adeas.) 

457. Volens, with goodwill; "graciously." — 460. Yen., here passive. 

467. Loricam, etc., i. e. a coat of chain-mail, made of metal plates 
fastened together with small chains, these chains being three-ply and 
of gold. Couple hamis with conserta?n f auro with trilicem. 

470. Duces, guides. — 476. Bis. Cf. Aen.'ll. 642-3 and note. 

484. Nee — honore, nor is she behind (her husband) in the honor 
(paid her guests). Many editors and MSS. : honori. 

486. Et haec, these gifts also, (as well as those of my husband.) — 
Quae sint, et testentur, to be, etc. H. 500; A. 317; G. 632. Purpose. 

489. Super, i. e. remaining. — Astyanax, son of Hector and Andro- 
mache. — 491. Pubesceret, icould be growing into youth. 

499. Fuerit, fut. perf. " Its finished foundation, it is hoped, will be 
less in danger than that of ancient Troy." Tr., shall prove to be. 

503. Epiro, Hesperia, abl. of place, in omitted by poetical usage. 

505. Nepotes. After his victory at Actium, Augustus founded Nico- 
polis in Epirus, and decreed that its inhabitants should be recognized 
as kinsmen by the Romans. 

510. Having cast lots for the oars. In anticipation of an early start 
(512-519), before their bivouac they determine the succession of rowers 
for the next day. 

517. Auro. The allusion is to the brightness of the stars which form 
the belt and sword of Orion. — Oriona. 

518. Constare, are uniform, composed, tranquil. — Caelo, poet. abl. 
of place. 

540. Bello, dative of the end for which. — 545. Velamur. Reflective. 

546. Praeceptis, in accordance with the precepts, — Maxima, as the 
most important. A. 200, d ; G. 618. 

549. Velatarum, covered with sails. — Obvertimus, sc. terrae. "As 
the wind bellies out the sails towards the sea, the retaining antennae 
(sail-yards) and their horns point in the same proportion toward land." 
— Cornua, the extremities of the antennae. 

560. Eripite nos e periculo. 561. Haud minus ac, not otherwise (lit. 
not less) than (as). — 565. Desedimus, perf. of desldo. G. 228, 2. 



book in. 345 

567. Rorantia astra, (as lambit sidera, line 574,) hyperbole. "They 
see the sky through a curtain of spray." 
583. Immania monstra, the terrible portents. 
600. Lumen, light, is put for air, the conductor of light. 

614. Trojam, terminal ace. after profectus. H. 379 j A. 258, b; G. 
342, 2. — Genitore paupere, abl. absol. 

615. And would such fortune had remained ! (i. e. Would I had been 
content with my lot and stayed at home.) 

616. Hie, adverb. 

617. Cyclopis, of the Cyclops, Polyphemus. Virgil takes up Homer's 
story of the Cyclopes, (Odyssey, Book IX.) 

618. Sanie — cruentis. Abl. of quality or characteristic. H. 428; 
A. & S. 211, Rem. 6; B. 888; A. 251; G. 402. 

635. Telo, *. e. with a stake. 

652. Fuisset. See note on tulisset, II. 94. Informal indir. discourse. 

663. Inde, i. e. " de fluctibus," with sea- water. 

667. Sic merito, deserving such reception. 

671. Potis, sc. e8t = potest, sc. Polyphemus. 

682. Acer metus agit (socios, my comrades) praecipites excutere ru- 
dentes quocumque (to loosen the sheets for any quarter), etc. 

684-5. On the other hand the injunctions of Helen us — Scylla and 
Charybdis — warn them that they should not hold on their course. 

686. With but a small remove from death between the two ways ; i. e. 
between advancing and running into Scylla and Charybdis, and taking 
a backward course, to run the risk of falling into the hands of the Cy- 
clopes. The two perils are close upon them on either hand. This is R.'a 
explanation of this vexed passage (Proleg. 75, 76). I follow R. in adopt- 
ing the reading of the Vatican manuscript in 684, instead of Scyllam 
atque Charybdim, and in inverting the usual order of lines 685, 686. 

696. Ore tuo, at thy mouth. — 700-1. The people of Cainarina 
drained a lake and marsh near their town, though forbidden by an 
oracle of Apollo. They thus laid open a path by which an enemy 
came in and captured the city. — 702. Immanis fluvii, of its impetuous 
stream. — Gela. The a is long, as in the Greek. 




BOOK IV. 

ARGUMENT. 

Dido, enamored of Aeneas, consults her sister Anna, who advises her 
to consent to marriage with the Trojan prince (1-53). Her passion fur- 
ther described (54-89). Juno, alarmed, proposes to Venus the marriage 
of Aeneas and Dido, with the junction of the two nations, devising a 
plan by which to bring it about. Venus seemingly assents (90-128). 
The Carthaginians and Trojans go forth to hunt (129-159). In a vio- 
lent thunder-storm, sent down by Juno, Aeneas and Dido accidentally 
take refuge in the same cave, and are married (160-172). Fame bears 
the tidings through Libya (173-197). King Iarbas, a rejected suitor 
of Dido's, complains to his father Jupiter of her preference for Aeneo.s 
(198-218). Jupiter sends Mercury to Aeneas with an authoritative 
command to leave Africa and make for Italy (219-278). In obedience 
to the will of heaven, Aeneas prepares for his departure, attempting to 
conceal his plans from Dido (279-295). The queen divines his inten- 
tions, and upbraids him, but in vain (296-449). Unable to bear up 
against her grief, she determines to die; urged to her fatal purpose by 
dire portents and bad dreams (450-473). Concealing her designs from 
her sister, she bids her erect a huge pyre, and pretends that it is in- 
tended for the celebration of magic ceremonies to cure her of her love 
(474-521). Her grief now increases to frenzy ,• but Aeneas has already 
weighed anchor, and stands out to sea in the middle of the night (522- 
583). In the morning Dido, maddened by the sight of the ships in the 
distant offing, breaks out in a paroxysm of love-sick sorrow, and impre- 
cates calamities on lier once cherished guest (584-629) ; and having 
dismissed all her attendants, after reviewing her life in a few words, 
and pronouncing it happy and glorious but for this last sorrow, she 
ilays herself on the pyre (630-705). 

" The subject of this book has made it the most attractive, perhaps 
the most celebrated, part of the poem." Virgil " has struck the chord 
of modern passion, and powerfully has it responded; more powerfully, 

(346) 



book iv. 347 

perhaps, than the minstrel himself expected." Oar sympathies are all 
with Dido ; and when Aeneas sets sail, he appears to us rather as the 
shameless deserter, than as the pious follower of the will of the gods. 

I, 2. Dido has been wounded by Cupid. See Aen. I. 719-22. — Cura, 
i. e. the anxiety of love. — Venis, poetical abl. of place, where we should 
have in venis in Ciceronian prose. H. 422, 1, 2), in fin. ; A. & S. 254, 
Rem. 3, in fin. H. and C. make it instrumental abl. : with her veins. — 
CaecOj hidden. 

3. Multa virtus, the great valor (lit. the manifold valor, — proved 
by many deeds). Others take multa and multus as equivalent to mult urn 
adverbially, i. e. saepc. 

4. Gentis, of his ancestry. — VultllS, his looks. 

10. Quis novus hospes (est) hie, (qui) successit nostris sedibus? 

II. Quem = qualem. — Ore. H. 429 ; A. & S. 250, 1. — Ar., deeds of 
arms. — Forti pectore et armis, abl. of characteristic. H. 428; A. & 
S. 211, Rem. 6 ; A. 251 ; G. 402. 

12. / do indeed believe, nor is my confidence unfounded, that His the 
race of the gods (i. e. that he is the offspring of the gods). 

13. Cowardice betrays ignoble souls ; but he is no coward. 

17. Since my first passion disappointed me ("played me false." C), 
cheated (=and cheated me of my hopes) by death (the death of Sychaeus). 

18. Pertaes. fuisset, seme. — Thalami taedaeque, H. 410, III.; 
A. 221, b. Taedae. A torch was borne before a Roman bride, when 
she was conducted to the house of her husband. 

19. Potui SUC, I might have yielded ; the emphatic indie, in the apo- 
dosis instead of the subj. H. 511, II. 2; A. & S. 259, Rem. 4, (1), and 
(b); B. 1276,- A. 308, c; G. 246, 3. — Culpae, i. e. a second marriage. 

24. Optem, let me choose rather. — Dehiscat. H. 493, 2; A. & S. 
262, Rem. 4; B. 1204 end; A. 331,/, Rem. ; G. 546, 3. 
27. Pudor, i. e. the respect due her former husband. 

31. dilecta (tuae) sorori (H. 388, 4; A. & S. 225, II.; B. 844, 845; 
A. 232, b; G. 352), magis luce (=vitd). 

32. Wilt thou waste away, pining alone, all (the days of) thy youth ? 

33. Noris = noveris. Fut. oinovi. — Veneris praemia, the joys of 
wedded love. 

35. EstO, grant that; (taken with what follows.) — Mariti =proci. 

36. Libyae, Tyro, defining mariti; gen. of source and abl. of source. 

38. Amori. H. 385, and 5; A. 229, c; G. 344, 3; B. 831. 

39. Consederis, subj. in an indirect question. — Arvis = in arvis. 
43. Tyro, from Tyre. Abl. of source. — Quid dicam, why need I speak? 



348 NOTES. 

48. Conjugio tali. Abl. absolute of condition. 

58. Per aras, at the various altars. " Per," lit. among. 

59. Cui — curae. H. 390 : A. & S. 227; B. 848; A. 233; G. 350. 
66. Est, from edo. H. 291; A. & S. 181; B. 431; A. 140; G. 187. 

68. Tota urbe. Even in prose " the abl. is usually put without a 
prep, when the adj. totus is subjoined, to denote an extension over 
something, as urbe tota, through the whole city." M. 273, c. Cf. H. 
422, 1, 1); A. & S. 254, Rem. 2, (b) ; B. 937, 3; A. 258, f; G. 386. 

69. Conjecta sagitta, abl., cerva, nom. ; as shown by the metre. 
74. Media per moenia =per mediam urbem. H. 441, 6 ; A. & S. 205, 

Rem. 17; B. 662; A. 193. — 75. Paratam, already prepared. 

77. Eadem convivia : i. e. a banquet like yesterday's. 

80. Digressi (sunt), sc. the guests. 

82. Stratis rel., on the couch (at the table) left (by Aeneas). 

85. Si possit, (to see) whether she may be able to beguile, etc. H. 525, 
1 ; A. & S. 265 ; 198, 11, Rem. (e) in fin. ; A. 334,/. Indirect question. 

89. Machina, enginery. Pile (of building). H. Turret. W. Crane. C. 

94. Mag. et. mem. numen, sc. erit vestrum (thine and Cupid's). 

98. Quo — tanto, whither, i. e. to what end (will you go on) now, in 
so great a strife ? 

102. Communem, in common. — Parib. ausp. = with joint authority. 

103-4. Liceat Didonem servire. — Dotales, as her dowry (to Aeneas). 

106. Quo (=ut eo) in order that thus. — L. or., to the Libyan shores. 

109. If only (good) fortune follow the deed of which thou speahest. 

110-11. Fatis, by the fates. (Some translate, in regard to the fates.) 
^Si, whether. — Profectis, sc. iis. Cf. I. 732. 

115-16. Iste, that thou speakest of. — Paucis, sc. verbis. 

117. Venatum, sup. from venor. H. 569 ; A. & S. 276, II. ; B. 1360 ; 
A. 302. A terminal ace. 

121. Alae, the mounted huntsmen, riding on either side of Dido and 
Aeneas. — Trepidant, are hurrying hither and thither. 

124. Speluncam, terminal ace. H. 379, 4; A. 258, n. 2; G. 342, 1. 

125. Tua, etc., if I can rely on thy compliance. Certa, predicate. 

126. Propriam (earn) dicabo, I will make her forever his. 

127. Hymen (the god of marriage) shall be here. 

128. Dolis repertis. Abl. absolute of cause. 

130. Portis. H. 422, 2 ; A. & S. 255, Rem. 3, (b.) ; B. 948 ; A. 258, n. 2. 

131-2. LatO ferro, abl. of characteristic. — Odora— vis, lit. the keen- 
scented strength of hounds, a periphrase for the keen-scented hounds. 
Cf. Homer's (3irj 'Upa^e'it}. 

133. Thalamo, poetical abl. of place. — Cunctantem, at her toilet. 
(Naturally.)— Ad limina, at the palace door. 






BOOK IV. 349 

137. Circumdata, attired in. — Chlamydem. H. 374, 7 j A. 240, c. 
n. ; G. 332, 2. — Picto limbo, abl. of characteristic. H. 428 ; A. & S. 
211, Rem. 6; B. 888; A. 251; G. 402. 

138. In aurum. Her hair gathered into a knot, is bound either by 
a fillet of gold, or by a not of golden threads. 

150-1. Tantum, i. e. quantum Apollinis. Aeneas is compared with 
Apollo, in respect, first, of the grace and ease of his movements, sec- 
ondly, of his beauty. C. — Ventum, sc. est. 

152. Dejectae, driven by the attendants. C. Others, " having thrown 
themselves down," (pass, as middle,) i. e. leaping. 

153. Decurrere, perf. ind., as shown by the metre. Cervi transmit- 
tunt (se) cursu (= transcurrunt) patentes campos, atque fuga (in flight) 
gl. pulv. agm., etc. 

164. Amnes, torrents made by the shower; a striking and frequent 
phenomenon in Italy and Greece. 

168. Connubiis, dat. after conscia*. H. 399, 5, 1) ; A. & S. 213, Rem. 7. 

174. Fame, (i. e. Rumor,) than whom there is no other pest (malum) 
more swift. 176. At first small from fear. — Metu, abl. of cause. 

178. Terra was enraged with anger at the gods who had thrust the 
Titans, her sons, down to Tartarus. Deorum, objective genitive. 

179. Coeo (pr. Ceo), see Index of Proper Names. 

182-4. Oculi, sc. sunt. — C. medio t. que = inter caelum et terram. 

185. Somno. H. 384; A. & G.225. "Nor bows to sleep her eyes." Con. 

191-2. Oratio obliqua. The principal clauses, (venisse Aenean, (eos) 
fovere hiemem,) ace. with inf. ; and the subordinate relative clause 
(dignetur Dido), subj. — Viro, (as her) husband. 

193. Quam longa (sit), as long as it is, — the whole winter long. 

195. Dea foeda (i. e. Fame) diffundit haec in ora virum. 

198. Ham. satus, Iarbas, son of Hammon or Ammon and Garaman- 
tis; an unsuccessful suitor for Dido's hand. Ham., abl. of source. 

200. Posuit, he erected a hundred temples, etc., but previously (sac- 
raverat) he had, consecrated the ever-burning light. 

202. Pingue fuit solum ; from the sacrifices : fl. fuerunt Urn. Cf. 1. 639. 

203. Animi, strictly a locative, but often called gen. of specif. 

204. Media inter numina divum, in the midst of the statues (lit. 
powers and presence) of the gods. 

205. Multa Jovem orasse. H. 374; A. & S. 231; B. 734; A. 239, c. 

206. Nunc, now (and never before. Thy worship was introduced 
by me.) 

209. Caeci, t. e. aimless; blind as not striking those they ought to strike. 

211-12. See Aen. I. 365-8. 

213. Loci leges = dominion over the place. — 214. As her lord. 



350 NOTES. 

215. Aen. is called "that Paris" contemptuously. The reproaoh of 
effeminacy is made against the Trojans by poets later than the Homeric 
times. 

216. Maeonia, an old name of Lydia which bordered on Phrygia. — 
Mentum, ace. of specification (with subnixus). — Mitra, a cap" fast- 
ened below the chin by ribbons, which partly covered the jaws and 
temples." — On essenced hair as a reproach, cf. XII. 110. 

217. Rapto, perf. part, of rapio used as noun : his prey. 

218. Qiiippe, forsooth, in sarcasm. — Fam. inanem, an idle fame; 
either "the reputation of Jove as a god" (C), or his reputed relation 
to Iarbas (line 198). 

219. Suppliants laid hold of the altars with their hands. 
225. Exspectat, lingers. — F. datas, assigned by the fates. 

228. Bis. First, from Diomede (II. 5, 311 sqq.), and finally from the 
Greeks at the sack of Troy (Aen. II. 589 sqq.). 

229. Sed(promisit ilium) fore. — Grav. imperils, teeming with empire. 

230. Qui regeret, prod., mit. H. 501, I.; A. & G. 319; G. 633.— 
Genus proderet, should hand down a line. C. — Qui, talem ut is. 

232-3. Accendit, sc. eum. — Nee, etc., and he undertakes no enterprise 
himself for (super) his own renown. 

237. Summa. Noun, not adjective. — Hie — esto, be thou our herald 
of this message. W. and C. Hic — de hac re. 

244. Lum. m. resignat, opens their eyes in death. Hen., Forb., C. 
In accordance with the Roman custom of closing a friend's eyes at the 
moment of death, and afterwards opening them again when the body 
was laid on the funeral pile, this action is attributed to Mercury, the 
conductor of souls, the object being that the dead might see their way 
to the lower world. Others, either with the same translation, or taking 
morte as abl. of separation, explain it, brings the dead to life. Other tr. 
of resignat: "relaxes;" " seals again ; " "seals fast;" "closes." 

247. Duri, the much-enduring. — 251. Senis, the ancient one. 

252. Nitens, poising himself on. 

257. Litus governed by ad. An unusual post-position of the prep. 

258. Avo. Atlas was the father of Maia, the mother of Mercury. 
283. Quid agat, what can he do ? H. 486, II. ; A. 268 ; G. 251. 
289-94. A good example of the oratio obligua. The imperatives of 

direct discourse are put in the subj. (aptent, cog., par., dissim.) ; the 
principal declarative clause has the ace. with the inf., — sese temptatu- 
rum (esse), — and the subordinate clause introduced by quando takes the 
subj. For sit (290), inasmuch as it would be subj. in direct discourse 
as well, the rule of indirect question must be given. — Aditus, the 



BOOK IV. 351 

approaches, or avenues, (to her feelings.) — Quae (293), sc. suit. — Quia 
I\ d. (Sit) mod as, what method may be fitting for his case. 

298. Tuta, (even though) secure. Much more, fearing every danger. 
— Eadem, i. e. the same Fame that had spread the report of her mar- 
riage (191 sqq.) — Fur., (to her) raving. 

301-3. Sacris. The statue and sacred emblems of the god, brought 
out of the temple, and moved violently. C. — Triet. org., the triennial 
orgies of Bacchus at Thebes. — Baccho, i. e. the name of Bacchus, in the 
cry of " Io, Bacche ! " — Noct. Cyth. The orgies were celebrated on Mt. 
Cithaeron, partly by night. 

314-18. Mene. Ne, the enclitic interrog. particle. — Ego oro (319) 
te per has, etc. — Meum, in me. — Istam, that of thine. 

321-2. Odere, sc. me. — Inf. sunt mihi Tyr. — Qua — adibam, by which 
alone I approached the stars, i. e. which was my sole title to immortality. 

333. Te plurima promeritam (esse), that thou hast done (me) very 
many favors ; lit. hast deserved very many things. 

337, 340. Pro IB, for (my) cause. W. — Meis ausp., by my own will. 

344. Manu, with my hand. — Victis, for the vanquished. 

354-7. Cap. — cari, and the wrong to (his) dear head = and the wrong 
to the dear boy. Caput, like ndpa, applied to a person as a term of endear- 
ment. — Interpres, spokesman. — TJtrumque, thine and mine. 

362-9. Dicentem, (him) while he is speaking. — A versa, askance. — 
Totum, his whole person; "from head to foot." — Lum. tacitis, i. e. 
with eyes which silently gave expression to her indignation. B. 
Construe horrens with cautibus. — Hyrcania lay to the S. E. of the Cas- 
pian Sea. — Fletu, abl. of cause or occasion. Others, dative. 

371-9. Quae q. anteferam, a double question ; lit. what shall I men- 
tion, before what? i. e. what shall I say first, what next? — Ejectum, 
sc. ilium, i. e. Aenean. — Litore, on the shore. — QuietOS, sc. deos. 

383-92. Dido, ace, object of vocaturum. — Sequar — absens. "Dido 
will haunt him like a Fury with funereal-torches when she is really far 
away : i. e. the thought of her, angry and revengeful, will ever be present 
to him." — Thalamo = in thalamum. H. 379, 5 ; A. 225, b ; Poetic dat. 

399, 404. In their haste, the Trojans bring from the woods branches 
with their leaves still on them, and unshaped trunks to serve as oars 
and planks. — Campis, poetical abl. of place. 

414-15. Animos, her proud spirit. — Frustra morit., so as to die when 
there was no occasion for dying. — 418. Coronas. As offerings to the gods. 

419. If (since) I have been able to look forward to this so heavy a 
blow, I shall also be able to bear it to the end (pei*ferre). 

422-3. Colere, credere, sc. solebat. Historical inf. — V. m. a. et t., 



352 NOTES. 

the soft approaches to (the heart of) the hero, and the (proper) occasion* 
(to use them). Noras =noveras. 

426. Aulis was the rendezvous of the Grecian fleet before it set sail 
for Troy. 

427. Cinerem — revelli, have I disturbed the ashes or the shade. 
434-6. Dolere, i. e. to bear my grief. — Extr. remittam. / ash this 

last grace, — pity thy sister, — which, when he shall have granted (it), 1 
will repay with interest (lit. heaped up) by my death. After "pity thy 
sister" we may supply in thought f( and urge him to bestow it", or, with 
R., i( who is reduced to such supplications" No passage in V. has given 
editors greater difficulty than this. I follow the best MSS. Other 
readings : dederis and cumulata. Conjectures : ora (435), L. ; (ingenious 
but needless): monte (436) R. ; (absurd): sorte, Schr. : forte, Burm. 

437-8. Fletus, tearful appeals. G._ — Fertq. refertq., bears again 
and again, i. e. to Aeneas ; lit. both bears ayd bears again. 

452. Perag., relinq., subj. of result after quo (=\x.t eo). H. 489; 
A. 317, b. We should have expected the imperf. after vidit: "but the 
same latitude which allows the pres. to be used historically for the past 
in the indie, is extended to the other moods." C. See H. 482, 2. 

457-9. Templum. A chapel to the Di Manes. — Veller., woollen fillets. 

460. Hinc voc. et ver. viri vocantis (of her husband calling upon 
her) visa (sunt) exaudiri. Notice the alliteration. 

463-5. Queri, historical inf. — Longas —voces, and drew out her long 
notes into a wail. — Aeneas drives her, in her dreams. 

468. And to be seeking for (her) Tyrians, in a desolate land, 

470-3. In his madness, inflicted by the Furies in consequence of his 
resisting the introduction of the rites of Bacchus into Thebes, Pen- 
theus saw the sun and city double. Orestes, son of Agamemnon, hav- 
ing slain his mother, was driven mad by the Furies. To escape them, 
he took refuge in the temple of Apollo ; but when he would go out, he 
saw them sitting on the threshold. Scaenis agitatus, driven over the 
stage : scaenis abl. of place. Virgil alludes to the story of Orestes as 
told in Greek and Roman plays. 

477-9. Spem — serenat, i. e. she shows a joyful hope on her face. — 
Vel — amantem, lit., or release me, loving, from him; i. e. release me 
from my love for him. — 0. finem, the ocean's limit to the world. 

482-90. Aptum, from apo, studded. — Templi, of the sacred enclo* 
sure, i. e. the garden, guarded by the dragon. — Ramos, the branche. 
which bore the golden apples. — Movet, she calls up. 

493. That unwillingly I gird myself with magic arts. Accingier = 
accingi. H. 239, 6; A. 128, e, 4. The passive is here used as middle. 



book iv. 353 

494. Tecto int., i. e. in the implnvinm or unroofed space in the centre 
of the great hall {atrium). — Sub auras, lit. up to the shy. 

500. Anna's character, unsuspicious and devoid of penetration, is 
well chosen to render the working out of the catastrophe more easy and 
natural. B. 

502. Coneipit, does she conceive of. — Quam morte Sych., than (those 
which Dido suffered) at the death of Sychaens. 503. The things bidden. 

508-11. An effigy (of Aeneas). — Three hundred gods* not literally, 
but giving the idea of a great number. — Diana was called by three 
names : Luna in heaven, Diana on earth, and Hecate in the lower 
regions. 

516. Amor, a love-charm. The ancients believed that foals were born 
with tubercles on their foreheads, which were bitten off by their dams; 
if removed in any other way, the dam refused to rear the foal. This 
flesh (hippomanes) was supposed to act as a philtre. 

518. Vine, i. e. of her sandal. The bare foot and loosened robe were 
common in sacred rites, especially when one would be loosed from love. 

520. Si quod num., just, memorque, habet curae (has for a care, 
regards) amantes non aeq. foed., precatur (id numen). 

524-36. Med. lapsu, i. e. at midnight. — Somno, in sleep. — Noctem, 
t. e. the quiet of the night. — Quos — sim dedign. H. 515, II. ; 516, 4 ; 
A. 320, e (326); B. 1290; G. 637. Mar., as suitors. A. & S. 230, R; 2. 

537-47. Igitur, then, implies that a neg. answer has been given to 
the preceding question. — Ultima, the extremest, i. e. the most degrading^ 
— Quiane. An ellipsis is implied in ne. Am I to follow them, because 
they are pleased (juvat eos) to have been formerly relieved by my aid, etc. 
• — Fac (me) velle, suppose me to be willing. — Inferar, i. e. shall I follow 
and attack his ships ? — Morere, imperat. of morior. 

551-2. More ferae, u e. in solitude. — Sychaeo, here an adj. 

566-76. Jam, with the fut., at once. — Trabibus, with the ships (of 
the Carthaginians). — Varinm. H. 438, 4 ; 441 : A. & S. 204, Rem. 9 ; 
205, Rem. 7, (2); B. 659 ; A. 189, c; G. 202, Rem. 4.— Deorum. A. 216, b. 
, 591. Illuserit, fut. perf. See note on II. 581. 

596-7. Facta impia, (his) wicked deeds, i. e. the perfidy of Aeneas. 
Others, "her impious deeds ; " i. e. Dido's own faithlessness to the mem- 
ory of Sychaeus.— Tunc, dec, i. e. thou oughtest to have distrusted his 
fidelity, when thou wert giving him a share of thy power. 

598-606. Ejus, quern, etc.— 603-6. Fuerat. H. 511, II. 2; A. 308, c; 
G. 246, R. 3 ; B. 1276 ; A. & S. 259, 4, &.— Fuisset. Concessive subj. H. 
516 x II. 1 ; A. & S. 260, Rem. 3 ; B. 1281, iV. B.; A. 266, c. — Imple(vi)s- 
23 Vir. 



354 NOTES. 

Bern, exstinx(is<s)em. — Memet, etc. I should have flung myself abov* 
(them, on the funeral pile.) 

611. Mer. — num.) and turn against my ills your divine aid, deserved 
(by me). 

615-620. Charles I., consulting the Sortes Vergilianae at Oxford, 
opened the book upon these lines. On the same occasion, Lord Falk- 
land opened upon XI. 154-7. Dido's curse against Aeneas was fulfilled 
throughout. (See page 411.) 

625-33. Exor., rise! some avenger, etc. A reference to Hannibal. — 
The hypernieter syll. -que (629) betrays an intention to say moie, which 
the powers of speech refused. Suam, her own (nurse). 

640-69. Dard. cap., t. e. of Aeneas— (643). Her eyes are bloodshot, 
and red spots are burning on each cheek. — Lac. et mente, for tears and 
thoughts. Abl. of mode. — Ulta virum, I have avenged my husband. (I. 
360 sqq.) — Sic, sic. To be taken with ire. She twice stabs herself, at 
these words. Juvat, His pleasure. — Ferro = in ferrum. — Ruat, should 
fall. 

671-96. Culmina = tecta. — Perque. Prepositions are sometimes 
placed after their cases ; this occurs, with substantives, first, before an 
adj., as in fronde super viridi ; secondly, before a gen., as here; thirdly, 
before a second subst. similarly governed, as in saxa per et scojmlos. It 
is more common irt the case of dissyllabic than in that of monosyllabic 
prepositions, and after a pronoun, like qui or hie, than after a substantive. 
G. — Hoc illud fuit, was this that thing thou hadst in view? Hoc, in 
lines 675-6, and me, are emphatic. — Vocasses, thou shoiddst (i. e. thou 
oughtest to) have invited. Subj. of propriety; (L. says, of wish.) So 
tulisset. — Struxi, sc. rogum. — Sic te posita, abl. absol. — Stridet, 
gurgles. — Iris is Juno's usual messenger. She is here sent to do what 
is usually done by Proserpine. C. — Nexos, " that cling to it." — FatO, 
i. e. by a natural death, merita morte, by a violent de^th pre voked by 
some action on the sufferer's part 




BOOK V. 

ARGUMENT. 

Aeneas sets sail for Italy, but is a second time driven on the coast 
of Sicily, where, assisted by Acestes, he celebrates games at his father's 
tomb on the anniversary of his death (1-103). The first contest is a 
race of four galleys (104-285); the second, a foot-race (286-361); the 
third, a pugilistic contest, with gauntlets (362-484) ; the fourth, a trial 
of skill in archery (485-544) ; lastly, " the game of Troy," cavalry 
exercises led by Ascanius and his companions Priamus and Atys (545- 
603). Meantime the Trojan women, instigated by Iris, the messenger 
of Juno,* set fire to the ships, of which four are burned, and the others 
saved in answer to the prayers of Aeneas (604-699). Following the 
advice of Nautes, and of Anchises (who appears to his son in a vision 
and gives him advice and direction with regard to his future course), 
Aeneas founds the town of Acesta, where, as colonists under the care 
of Acestes, he leaves many of the matrons, and the old men unfit for 
actual service. The Trojans again set sail for Latium, under Nep- 
tune's protection ; and at length, after his many wanderings, our hero 
reaches Italy, having, however, lost his pilot, Paliniirus, when near 
the Hesperian coast (700-871). 

In this pleasing interlude between the tragedy of the Fourth Book 
and the mysterious solemnities of the Sixth, Aeneas appears as the 
reverentially dutiful son, and the courteous, chivalric prince. C. in 
part. 

2-15. Certus, unwavering. — Mag. am. pollutO, when great love is 
ifronged. Abl. absol. of time and cause. — Notum, the knowledge. H. 
580; A. & S. 274, Rem. 5, (b). — Colligere arma, t. e. to reef the sails. 

18-38. Spondeat, sperem. H. 509; A. & G. 307, b.— Transversa. 
H. 443 ; A. 240, a ; G. 331, 2. — Tantum, as much as is necessary to 
overcome the wind. — ■ (24). The shores of thy brother, Eryx. E. was a 
son of Venus. — Servata, observed (in our previous voyage). — Sit, 
question of appeal. — Optem, potential subj. — Egestus or Acestes was 
said to be the son of the river-god Crimisus (called Crinisus by V.) and 
Segesta or Egesta, a Trojan maiden. Gremio, poetical abl. of place. 

51-71. Hnnc, sc. diem. — Deprensus, overtaken, surprised (by this 
anniversary). — Pose, ventos, let us ask (him) for (favorable) toinds.- 

(355) 



356 NOTES. 

Velit, may it be his (Anchises') will, — Bina in naves, two for each 
ship. — - Numero, H. 429 ; A. & G. 253. — Ore favete. None but good 
words should be uttered before a sacrifice; the spectators either re- 
peated what the priest said, or did not speak at all. 

72-99. Mat. myrto. The myrtle was sacred to Venus. — Recepti — 
cineres, ashes regained (i. e. revisited) in vain. W. But C. tr. : ashes 
of one rescued in vain (i. e. from Troy). — Animae, etc, and soul and 
shade of my father. PI. for sing., for emphasis and dignity. — Anguis. 
The genius of a man was often typified by a serpent. — Hoc, abl of cause. 
— Remissos, sent back to be present and partake of the funeral offerings. 

105-131. Phaethon is here the sun himself. — The names of the gal- 
leys are derived from their figure-heads. — Mox — Memmi, "soon after- 
wards the Italian Mnestheus, from which name (descends) the house of 
Memmius." V. compliments several of the great houses of Rome by 
attributing to them a Trojan origin, perhaps in accordance with their 
own legends. — Urb. opus, as great as a city. — Trip, versu, in triple 
tiers. — Centaurus is fern., as the name of a ship. — Cluenti, H. 45, 5, 
2) ; A. & S. 52. — Cori = Cauri. — TJnde = ut inde, ubi = ut ibi ; scirent, 
H. 500; A. & S. 264, 5, and Rem. 2; B. 1213; A. 319; G. 633. 

132-49. Loca. It was an object to secure the place which as nearest 
to the goal involved the shortest turn. — Populea. Garlands of poplar, 
because these were funeral games; that tree having been brought from 
the shades by Hercules. — Intenta (136), sc. sunt. — Immissis jugis, 
over the darting steeds. Dat. of reference. Pronique — pendent, and 
bend forward to the lash; lit. "and hang bending forward for blows" 
(or u over the blows" they give, i. e. over the horses). — Inclusa, shut 
in, confined, by wooded hills. 

156-63. Habet, sc. locum priorem. — Victam, sc. Pristim. — Milu 
(162), for my grief. Dativus ethic us, a form of the dat. of disadvantage. 
H. 389; A. & S. 228, note, (a.) — Litus, i. e, the rock which was the 
goal to be turned. They were passing with the goal on the left. -»- 
Stringat. H. 493, 2 ; A. & S. 262, Rem. 4; B. 1204 end; A.331,/, R. 

168-185. (Loca) propiora (metae). — (172) (In) ossibus. Others, dat. — 
Rector, as helmsman. — Risere, rident. Notice the diff. of time. — 
Mnesthi (found in the best MSS.) = Mnesthei, dat. — Capit — locum, 
" first seizes the place," i. e. gets the water near the goal before others. 

192-207. TJsi, sc. estis. — The headland of Malea had a bad name, as 
dangerous. The Greeks had a proverb, " When thou hast doubled Malea, 
forget thy home." — Sequacibus, pursuing (the ship). — Quamquam o ! 
tc. si possem vincere ! — Hoc vincite, gain this point. — Solum subtr. 
The furrow made by the oars causes the sea to yawn ; " the sea-plain is 



book v. 357 

swept from beneath them." B. — Viris, the crew of the Pristis. — Inte- 
rior, i. e. between Mnestheus and the rock. — Iniquo, (too narrow.) — 
Morantur, i. e. cease to row, stop short. 

212-31. Prona, inclined downwards, i. e. running towards the shore 
Tecto, from her home, i. e. the cave. Abl. with exterrita. — Notice in line 
217 the beauty and fitness of the dactylic rhythm, representing the 
dove's smooth gliding through the air. — Ipsa, of itself . — Ultima aeq., 
the last waters, i. e. the latter part of the course. — Hi, i. e, the crew of 
Cloanthus. — Volunt, they are ready. — Possunt — videntur, they can, 
because they think they can. 

233-54. Ponto (dat.) = in pontum, towards the sea. — In vota, to his 
votive-offerings, i. e. to partake of them. — Aequora curro. An exten- 
sion of the principle of cognate ace; the waters being the course which 
he runs. — Optare (for them to choose) ferre {to carry away), =optandos, 
ferendum. — Puer regius, Ganyinedes. Cf. I. 28, note. Two scenes 
are represented in the embroidery, — G. nunting, and G. carried away 
by the eagle. — Ida (252), poet. abl. of place. 

254. Rapuit sublimem ab Ida. 

273-279. Aggere, the causeway. — Ictu, H. 429; A. 253; G. 398. 
Gravis ictu = dealing heavy blows. — Saxo, H. 414, 4 ; A. 248 ; G. 403. 
(Eum, i. e. serpentem) nixantem nodis. — Nix. nod., struggling, on his 
twisted coils. — In, upon. 

288-308. Th. circus, the circus of a theatre, i. e. a race-course suit- 
able for a show- ground. —Consessu (dat.,= in consessum), to the assem- 
bly. — EzstructO (used substantively,) on a raised (throne). — Pio (296), 
pure. — Ferre (307 )=ferendam. — Unus honos, the common prize. 

317-36. Nimbo sim., as being a confused mass. — TJlt. signant, they 
fix their eyes on the goal. — Supersint, transeant, pres. subj. for plu- 
perf., to bring the scene before our eyes. — Ambiguumque rel., and 
would pass him (who now is) in doubt. — (328) Levi. — TJt, where. — FuSUS, 
SC. sanguis. — Revolutus, hurled backwards by the shock. 

337-60. Mun. amici, " as we might say, thanks to his friend." C— 
Tert. pal. Di., a loose apposition : Diores, now the third prize. — Prima 
(341), in the front seats, where the senators sat. — Ordine (349), from its 
succession. — Laude(355), by my merit. — Ni — tulisset, had not the (same) 
unfriendly fortune taken (it) away from me, which (took it from) Sal ins. 
— Danais, by the Greeks. Dat. of agent. H. 388, 4 ; A. 232, b ; G. 352. 

364-400. Evinc. palm., with his palms bound (with the caestus). 
Abl. absol. — Prim, in proel. (375), for the beginning of the fray. C. — 
Alius (378), i. e. an antagonist. — Aeneae (381), dat. — Teneri (384), to 
be held in suspense. — Frustra, in vain, (if thou sittest idle now.) — Nobis 



358 NOTES. 

(391), ethical dat. — Gloria. = gloriae amor. — Sed vires cesscrunt, gel 
enim senect., etc. Enim implies an ellipsis. — Moror, do I cai*e for. 

403-16. Duro — tergO, to bind his arms with the hard hide, — Loilge, 
afar off, i. e. shrinking back. — Aemula (415) jealous (of my glory).— 
Tempor. Poet. abl. of place. One grows gray first on the temples. 

431-9. (Ei) trementi. Dat. See note on I. 92.— Corpore (438), by 
a slight motion of the body. Cf. Cic. 1. Orat. in Cat. 6. — Tela exit, 
i.e. he evades the blows. — Molibus, huge engines, siege works. 

457. Ille has a rhetorical force, fixing attention on the person spoken 
of. ' Now with the right hand showering blows, now he, the same man, 
with his left ; ' the force [being], * now as furiously with his left/ * now, 
brave man, with his left.' We feel that that tremendous personality is 
impressing itself upon Dares. C. — 460. Versat, drives up and down. 

466-83. Vires — numina, strength other (than mortal), and that the 
gods have changed sides. — (476) From what death. — (479) Dext. reducta, 
abl. absol. — Effractoque, etc., and drove them (the gauntlets) into the 
bones, the brain being dashed out (with the blow). A. — The monosyllabic 
ending of line 481 makes the sound an echo to the sense, indicating 
the heavy fall of the animal. — Pro, instead of. 

487-98. Ing. manu, with his (great =) powerful hand. — Trajecto in 
fune, on a rope passed across (the mast). Instead of in, we should 
expect some term meaning tied by. — Exit locus, the place comes out 
(of the helmet, as it is shaken), i. e. the lot fixing the place. — Jussus, 
9tc, commanded [by Athene] to break the truce [between the Trojans 
and Greeks]. — Acestes, i. e. the lot of Acestes. 

501-12. Pro se — viri, the men, each in accordance with his strength. 
— Arbore, t« the wood. — Tetendit (508), directed, levelled — Non valuit, 
he had not the heart. — Q t uis = quibus. — Pedem, ace. of specification. — 
Notos (as well as nubila) governed by in. 

513-37. Holding his arrow, long since levelled on the ready bow. 
•'Tela" emphatic plural. — 2?ratrem. Pandarus, regarded as a deified 
patron of archery. — Sub. monstrum (522), a sudden 2^'odigy. — Mag. 
fat. aug., destined to be for (i. e. to be afterwards regarded as) a great 
portent. Its true meaning was taught by the event, and the prophets 
Vnterpreted it after its fulfilment. "What the event is to which V. refers, 
is unknown. — In munere = ?*H munns, or muneri. In, by way of. 

550-69. Ducat, ostendat. H. 493, 2 ; A. 331,/, R ; G. 516, 3. — Avo 
(dat. of advant.), in honor of his grandfather. — (553-603.) Aeneas sur- 
prises the spectators with a miniature procession of cavalry, perform- 
ing labyrinthine evolutions, a sport which was revived by Augustus. — 
In (554), on. — Omnibus — corona, the hair of all was bound with a 






book v. 359 

wreath of stripped leaves (tonsa), according to ride. The "wreath waf 
probably worn just below the helmet, so as not to interfere "with it. — 
Circulus. The torques, passing loosely round the neck, rested pectore 
Summo, on the top of the breast. — Bis seni. In each of the three com- 
panies, the boys rode two abreast and six deep. — Ag. part.) the band 
being divided (into the three companies). — Par. magistris, and with 
field-guides (trainers, tilting-masters) alike (in number; i. e. two in each 
turma. W. and L.) — Una acies, sc. est. — Primi pedis, t. e. of the past- 
ern. — Alt. A., Atys is the second. — Puero, dat. of the agent. V. com- 
plements Augustus, whose mother was an Atia. 

580-7. Olli — tlllere. They rode apart in equal numbers, and in three 
troops (terni) divided their men (agmina, bands) into companies separat- 
ing to different parts (diductis), and again, at the signal (vocati), wheeled 
about (conv. vias), and presented hostile arms (i. e. charged each other). 
The three 'tunnae' each divide into two parts (chori) of six horsemen 
each, one part retiring (say) to the right, another to the left, after 
which the three right ' chori ' and the three left turn about and severally 
charge each other. C. and Hen. — Cursus, charges ; recursus, retreats* 
— Adv. spatiis, in opposite places (hence in opp. directions). — Alt* — 
impediunt, i. e. and reciprocally involve circles within circles. — Vertunt, 
they turn (on their pursuers). — Pariter, in even line; (all the six com- 
panies riding in the same direction.) 

589-91. The labyrinth is said to have had a way fabricated with blind 
walls (walls without door or window), and the treachery of a thousand 
paths, inspiring doubt, where a maze without solution (indepr.) and with- 
out return (irrem.) confused (kept breaking off, interrupting) the marks 
for tracking one's way (sequendi). I follow R. in adopting the reading 
best supported by the MSS. ,frangeret, instead oifalleret of the Medicean 
and most editors. (Cf. turbat notas, Ov. Met. 8, 160.) — Mille viis, abl. 
of characteristic. — Frangeret, subj. in oratio obliqua after fertur. 

594-603. Delphinum. Apparently the only example of the use of 
similis with a gen. in Virgil. C. — Cursus (596) gen. — Retulit, revived. 
— Priscos, the early (as VII. 706, 710). — Trojaque, etc., and the game 
lis now called Troy, the boys the Trojan band. — Hactenus, (tmesis.) 

613-24. Acta {cucrf), the beach. — Vada superesse, inf. with subj. ace. 
in exclamation. H. 553, III.; A. & G. 274; G. 341, 1. — Cui — fuis- 
sent (621), subj. in a rel. clause denoting the reason. " It makes us 
think of Beroe as Iris thought of her." C. — Quas — traxerit, rel. 
clause denoting the reason : " Wretches, that a Grecian hand did not 
drag you," etc. 

639-51. N. t. m. prod. " Prodigies so great admit of no delay." — 



360 NOTES. 

Arae, Altars may have been raised to Nep., one by each of the four 
contending in the boat-race. B. — Haec non est B. vobis, malres, non 
Mhoeteia (i. e. the Trojan) conj. Dorycli. — Carerot. Subj. of the thought 
of Beroe. A. & S. 266, 3. Oratio obliqua. 

656-69. E. VOC. reg., and the realms inviting (them), in accordance 
with the fates, — Focis pen. (660), from the hearths in the penetralia 
(of the adjoining houses). — Sic, just as he was.— Exanimes, breathless 
(with pursuing him). C. — Magistri. See line 562. 

677-97. Furtim petunt saxa, sicuhi (sunt saxa) concava. — Est (683) 
from edo. — TotO — pestis, the plague (of fire) sinks into the whole frame 
(of the vessels.) — Exosus, sc. es. — Pietas, (thy) compassion. — Da classi 
evadere flammam. — Quod superest, whatever remains (of the fortunes 
of Troy). — Super, from above. 

706-17. Haec, she (Pallas). — Isque, resumptive, after the anacolu- 
thon. — Et sine (ut), fessi, habeant moenia his terris. H. 493, 2; A. & 
S. 262, Rem. 4; B. 1204 end; A. 331,/, R.; G. 546, 3. 

724. Mini vita care magis, dearer to me than life. 

739. Saevus. The dawn is cruel, as warning the shade to leave the 
upper air. — Equis affl. anhelis. Cf. Marlowe's magnificent lines : 

" The horse that guide the golden eye of heaven, 
And blow the morning from their nostrils." 

751-8. Nil — egentes, "that thirst no more for high renown." Con. 
Bello, for war. — (756). Aen. assigns the sites for private dwellings by 
lot, and gives names to the different quarters of the city. — Indicit 
forum, he institutes a court. — 761. Sacer, held in reverence. 

786-90. Traxe = traxisse. — Sciat ilia, perhaps she knows ; (/ do 
not.) Potential subj. — Excierit, indirect question. — Caelo, H. 385, 5; 
A. & S. 245, II. R. 1 ; A. 248, a, R. (dat.); G. 346, 2. See I. 440, note. 

795-6. Terrae, dat. — Quod — tibi, be it permitted, I pray, for what 
remains (of the fleet), to trust their sails safely to thee through the leaves. 

800-4. Fas omne, i. e. in all points right. — Unde genus. Alluding 
to the birth of Venus from the waves. — Merui ut fideres. — For the 
combat of Aeneas with Achilles, see II. xx. 158 sqq. 

810-25. Quum, although. — Perjurae. See note on III. 248. — TJnus, 
t. e. Palinurus (833-60). — Jungit — auro, yokes his horses with gold. 
The yoke, and perhaps the harness, was of gold. — Cete, whales. Greek 
pi. H. 68 ; A. & S. 83, I. 1. — Senior, the old, is an epithet applied to 
almost all the sea-gods. — Aquis. Abl. "in respect of." — Laeva (sc. 
loca), neut. pi. — Melite, and the five maidens next named, were 
Nereids, companions of Thetis. (11. xviii. 39 sqq.) 



BOOK VI. 361 

829-37. Intendi — velis, the saite to be stretched on the yards, (lit., 
the yards to be spread with the sails.) — Una — sinus; they all tacked 
(fee. pedem, made fast the sheet) together, and simultaneously opened 
the canvas, (now) on the left, now on the right. — Sua, i. e. favorable. — 
Ad nunc, after, or according to him. C. — Sub remis, beside their oars. 

844-5. Datur — quieti, the hour is sacred to rest. C. — Labori. We 
should expect the abl. of separation, after furare, instead of this dat. 
of reference. The difference cannot be indicated in an English trans- 
lation; but this is an instance of the subtile delicacy "with which the 
poets sometimes used the vaguer dative, when their meaning would 
have been expressed more definitely and directly by another case. See 
note on Aen. I. 92. H. 385, 4; A. & S. 224, Rem. 2; B. 856; A. 229, c. 

849-71. " Monstrum" is used of the sea to express its strange and 
noxious qualities. C. — Quid enim, for why should I trust Aeneas, etc. 
— Toties — sereni, having been (=when I have been) so often deceived 
by the treachery of calm weather ? — Cunctanti (856), resisting. — (Somnus) 
projecit (Palinurum). — Order : Saxa longe sonabant rauca — Nudus, 
i. e. unburied. 



>XK<>^- 



BOOK VI. 



ARGUMENT. 

Aeneas having landed at Cumae, seeks the cave of the Sibyl, and 
consults, the oracle (1-155). He finds the body of Misenus, and per- 
forms funeral rites. While seeking fuel for the pile, he discovers the 
golden bough, which, as a gift to Proserpina, will gain for him permis- 
sion to pass to the Elysian shades, to meet and converse with his father 
Anchises. Provided with it, and accompanied by the Sibyl, he reaches 
the entrance to the infernal world (156-336). On the hither side of 
Styx he meets and converses with the shade of his former pilot, Pali- 
niirus (337-383). Crossing the Styx, he traverses the district occupied 
by the spirits of infants, of those who have been unjustly put to death, 
and of suicides, and enters the Mourning Fields, tenanted by those whe 
have died of love. Here Aeneas sees Dido, whom he tries to soothe; 
■ho maintains sullen silence, and at last breaks away (3S4-476). In the 
region of slain warriors, Deiphobus, among others, presents himself, all 



o 



62 NOTES. 



mangled as he was (477-534). Aeneas sees Tartarus on the left, a huge 
fortress, surrounded by a fiery river, and echoing with sounds of tor- 
ture. The Sibyl instructs him in all the varieties of punishment which 
are here inflicted on the grossly wicked (535-627). He hastens to the 
palace of Pluto, and deposits the golden bough. At last he comes to 
Elysium, a garden-like region, wrapped in unearthly sunshine. There 
are games, and music, and chariot-driving, each one following the pur- 
suit which was his delight in life. In another part feasting is going 
on. Musaeus guides Aeneas to his father (628-678). Having discoursed 
on the nature of the soul, and its purification, Anchises shows Aeneas 
the long train of his descendants, and of the heroes of Rome, who pass 
in review before them, while he enumerates their coming glories (679- 
888). Anchises explains to Aeneas what awaits him in Italy, and then 
dismisses him and the Sibyl through one of the gates of sleep. Aeneas 
goes to his fleet, which he moors at Caieta. ***< 

In this Book, " all that later Greek religion and philosophy taught 
by legend, allegory, and symbol is pressed into the service of poetry, 
and made to contribute to the production of a grand and impressive 
picture. As a climax to the whole, the Pythagorean doctrine of trans- 
migration is invoked for the purpose of showing Aeneas the vision of 
the future, as he has already seen the vision of the past. He beholds 
the spirits that are to appear as actors in the great drama of Roman 
history, each even now wearing his historical form : and the line of 
worthies ends with the young hope of the nation, whose untimely death 
was still fresh in the memory of his countrymen when the poet wrote." C. 

2. Cumae is called Euboean as colonized from Chalcis. 

3. It was the custom in the heroic times to land stern foremost. 

7. Pars — silvas, part scour the woods, the close coverts of wild beasts. 
— C. prefers to translate rapit silvas, "strip the woods for fuel." 

9-13. Arces, the height.— Secreta, the retreat — Mentem animumque, 
mind and spirit ; " mens referring to the power of insight, animus to 
energy of conception, language, and gesture." — Aurea tecta. The 
temple of Apollo, surrounded on three sides by the grove of Hecate 
(Trivia), or Diana. Cf. IV. 511, note. 

15-32. Pennis, abl. of means. — Caelo, dat. after credere. — Ad, 
towards. — Chalc. arce, i . e. the hill of Cumae. — Red. his terris = hie 
(here) redditus terris. So hie cursus fuit (I. 534) = ^uc c. f. Cf. IV. 
46, V. 798. "Redditus, etc. gives the reason of what follows." — Dae- 
dalus hangs up his wings [in the temple], as a mariner rescued from 



book vi. 363 

shipwreck hangs up his garments, or a soldier the arms he has used 
for the last time. C. — Letum, sc. erat. Conceive a double door: the 
carvings or sculptures on one door representing, (1) Athens, (2) The 
death of Andr., (3) The Athenians sending their children to death ; on 
the other door, in the corresponding panels, (1) Crete, (2) Pasiphae, etc., 
(3) The Labyrinth and Theseus. So W., inferring the representation 
of Athens on the door with Athenian subjects, to correspond with that 
of Crete on the door with Cretan scenes. — Androgeo, Greek gen. H. 
46, 3, I) ; A. & S. 54, 1. Androgeos, a son of Minos, was put to death 
by the Athenians from envy of his superiority in the public games. 
As a penalty (poenas) the Athenians {Cecropidae) were compelled 
to send annually seven youths and seven maidens to Crete to be de- 
voured by the Minotaur. — Stat nrna, i. e. the urn stands (prominent, 
conspicuous) from which the lots have been drawn deciding who shall 
be the victims. — Hie (24, 27), here, on this same side. — Crudelis. 
Pasiphae's passion was the cruel punishment inflicted upon her by the 
anger of Venu3. — Supposta = supposita, substituted. — Hie — error, 
here was that laboriously -built abode (lit., labor of a house) and inextri- 
cable maze, i.e. the Labyrinth. — Reginae, of the princess, (Ariadne.) 

— Amorem, love (for Theseus). — Sed enim {a\\a yap). Order: Sed 
Daedalus, miseratus enim (est) magnum amorem reginae, ipse resolvit, 
etc. — Regens, guiding. — Caeca, ' blindly-planted/ uncertain. — Vestigia, 
sc. Thesei.— Sineret, sc. si. H. 510; 503, 1; 504, 2; A.& S. 2C1, Rem. 
1 in fin., and R. 5 ; B. 1279; A. 310, b. — Conatus erat, sc. Daedalus. 

33-40. Protinus, successively. — Omnia, pr. omn-ya; by synaeresis. 
Perlegerent, sc. Aeneas and his party. The imperf. for the pluperf 
produces a lively rhetorical effect. — De-iph-6-be, the Sibyl of Cumae, 
daughter of (sc. filia) Glaucus, himself a prophetic god. — Ista, i. e. those 
that thou art examining. H. 450 ; A. & G. 102, c; G. 291. — Praestite- 
rit, it may be better. Potential subj., " courteously avoiding a direct 
and dogmatic assertion." — Morantur, delay to execute. 

42-64. Order: Latus Euboicae rupis (see note on line 2) excisum 
(est) in ingens antrum. This cave was the adytum or sanctuary of the 
temple. — Limen, sc. antri. The Sibyl goes into the cave, Aeneas and 
the Trojans remain outside. — Fanti, pres. part, of for. — TJnns = idem. 

— Major, sc. facta est. — Videri depends upon major. H. 552, 3; A. 
273, d; G. 424, 5, The Sibyl seems to increase in stature under the 
divine afflatus. In less poetical language, she rises to her full height, 
and every limb is stretched with excitement. C. — Cessas invota — 
cessas ire in vota. — Ante, before (prayer). — Attonitae. The house is 
personified. — Fata, perf. part, of for. — Direxti = di-existi. — Aeaeidae 



864 NOTES. 

i. e. Achilles, grands m of Aeacus. — Prendimus, we hold in our grasp.-— 
Hactenus. Tmesis.— Fuerit secuta. Perf. subj. in a prayer. Let the 
(disastrous) fortune of Troy have followed us thus far, (and thus far 
only.) — Obstitit, t. e. invisum fuit. W. 

67-76. Latio, poet'ical abl. of place. — Penetralia, shrines. — Sortes, 
etc. An allusion to the Sibylline books; lectos viros, the college of 
priests who had charge of them. — Dicta, uttered to my race. (Antici- 
pate.)— Foliis. Cf. III. 444, note. — Tantum. Cf. VIII. 78, note— 
Canas, sc. «!. H. 493, 2; A. & S. 262, Rem. 4; B. 1204; A. 331,/, Rem. 

77-86. Phoebi — patiens, not yet yielding to Phoebus. His inspira- 
tion is too much for her weakness at first to sustain. F. — Immanis, 
wild(ly). H. 443; A. & G. 191; G. 324, 6. — Fingit premendo, "by 
curbing, moulds (her to his will)." — Terrae (84), sc. pericula. Geni- 
tive. — Order : Sed et (too, also,) volent non venisse. 

89-97. Non defuerint, tvill not have been wanting, Fut. perf. used 
instead of ordinary future for poetical variety or metrical convenience. 
If there be any special propriety in its use here, we may say that the 
prophetess throws herself as far as possible into the future, so as to 
look at part of what is to come as already past. C. — Latio, abl. of 
place, the prep, in omitted by poetical usage. — Partus, sc. eat. — Alius 
Achilles, Turnus, son of the nymph (dea) Venilia. — Contra, against 
{them; referring to malis.) — Audentior, all the bolder (for opposition). 

— Quam, as far as. — Reris, from reor, 2 pers. sing. — Graia urbe. 
Pallanteum. Cf. VIII. 49 sqq. 

100-6. Ea has the force of adeo. C. " Ea," these, such as these, 
then implying, as here, in such a way. — Stimulos vertit, plies the goad. 

— Mi = mihi. — Hie, here. — Inferni regis, Dis. 

107-23. Acheronte refuso, " (made by) the overflowings of Acheron." 
Abl. of source. On the translation of the part, H. 580 ; A. 292, a; G. 
667, 2. — Contingat, let it be my lot. F. — Medio, the midst of. — 
Hecate was the name of Diana in her functions in the world below. — 
Fratrem. Pollux was immortal, his brother Castor mortal ; but when 
Castor died, Pollux shared his immortality with him, the two spending 
alternate days in the lower world and Olympus. — Quid memorem, 
question of appeal. H. 486, II. ; A. & G. 268 ; G. 468. — Mi = mihi. 
Aeneas's mother, Venus, was the daughter of Jupiter. 

126-38. Averno (dat.) = ij» Aver num. — Aequus, kind, partial.— 
Quos aeq. am. Jupiter, Orpheus and Pollux ; ard. ev. ad ae. virtus, 
Theseus, Hercules (Alcides), and others, who were beatified. — Potuere, 
sc. revocare gradum, etc. — Quod si, but if. 'Quod' (ace. of specification), 
lit., as to which thing, becomes a connective particle, "and," "now/ 1 
"but." — Junoni infernae, i. e. to Proserpina. 



book vi. 365 

141-53 Before one has plucked the golden foliaged si oots from the tree. 
While this is the most convenient translation, qui is not an indefinite 
pronoun, but a relative, with ei understood as its antecedent. — Vin- 
cere, sc. ram.um. — Tibi, ethical dat. — Funere, with his corpse. — Sedibus 
Buis, to his due abode, i. e. to the grave. — Due, sc. ad aras. 

165-77. Martem — cantu. Servius tells the story that these words 
were added by the poet during the fervor of recitation, the line having 
been previously unfinished. — Order: Obibat pugnos circum Hectora, 
insignis et lituo et hasta. — Exceptum immerserat = exceperat et immer* 
serat. H. 579 ; A. & G. 292, Rem. Jealous Triton had surprised and 
stink him. — Non inferiora, (fortunes) not inferior. — Immerserat. A 
not uncommon change of tense (from the present, lines 171-2), from the 
poet's shifting the point of time. S. The suddenness of the retribu- 
tion is expressed by the intimation that it was over' while the provoca- 
tion was still going on. C. — Aram sepulchri, a pyre piled up like an 
altar. I admit this explanation in deference to the prevailing opinion, 
but incline myself to the reading sepulchro. See R. Prol. p. 141-2. 

182-94. Montibus = c?e montibus. Abl. of separation, or of "point 
of departure." — Accingitur, girds himself. Aeneas takes up an axe, 
like the rest. — Arbore, on the tree. Si ostendat ! H. 488, 1 ; A. & S. 
263, 1. The origin of this mode of expressing a wish is evident. If it 
would show itself, (how happy I should be !) — Cursum, your flight. 

198-211. Quae — ferant, ivhat signs (omens) they (the doves) bring. — 
Pascentes, while feeding. They keep flying on, and alighting to feed, 
alternately. — Prodire, historical inf. — Possent. The subjunctive de- 
notes the thought of the birds, (rather than, as some editors say, their 
intention.) As far as, as it appeared to them, the eyes could mark 
them. — Gemina, twofold, Supvys ; in part golden, in part an ordinary 
tree. — Super, at the top of — Discolor, differing in color, (from the green 
foliage.) — Aura, the gleam. — Quod — arbos, which a tree not its own pro- 
duces. Alluding to the fact that the mistletoe is a parasite.' — Fetu, 
growth, shoots. — Ilice, poetical abl. of place. — Cunctantem, SQ.ramum. 

213-34. Ingrato, ungrateful, as unconscious of the favor. — Join 
caedis with pinguem, robore with ingentem. — Armis. The arms of 
Misenus, or of enemies despoiled by him. — Toro, i.e. upon the bier, 
which was burnt with the body. — Velamina nota, his wonted garments. 
■ — Subjectam facem. To kindle the pile. — Fuso — olivo, cups of poured- 
out oil. Abl. (with adj.) of description. — Lecta, collected from the pile. 
— Rore et ramo, hendiadys. — Novissima verba, the last words, 
" salve ! " " vale ! " " ave ! " — Sepulchrum, a sepulchral mound. — Sua 
arma, *. e. the oar and trumpet. — Misenus. The promontory form- 
ing the northern pier of the Bay of Naples. 



366 NOTES. 

237. The grotto here named is not the same as that in line 11. 

238-72. Tuta, part., sheltered. — 247. Caelo, Erebo, poetical abl. 
of place. ^-250. The mother of the Furies is Night, her great sister 
Earth. The Furies were called Eumenides, the well-disposed, the 
kindly, to propitiate them by giving them a good name. — 252-3. 
Stygio regi, Pluto. — Solida viscera, the entire carcass. — 256. Coepta, 
sc. sunt. — 261. Animis. H. 419, V. ; A. & S. 243 ; B. 923 ; A. 243, e; 
G. 390. — 266. Sit numine Vestro, let it be permitted with your con- 
sent. — 270. Maligna, churlish, niggardly. C. — 272. Jupiter, as the 
god of the sky. 

274. Tlltrices Curae, i. e. the stings of conscience. Cf. Juv. 13, 192 sqq. 

284. Haerent, cling. A. and Con. 

289. Forma tricorporis umbrae, Geryon. 

290-7. Hie, adv. of time. — Ni admoneat, diverberet. A lively use 
of the pres. subj. for the pluperf. in the protasis and apodosis, to bring 
the scene before our eyes. — Acherontis. Virgil's conception of the four 
infernal rivers is confused. He conducts Aeneas over a river, which, 
after being called Acheron or Cocytus here, turns out eventually to be 
Styx (385). The notion of a single river of death was found most con- 
venient for poetical purposes, but Virgil wished to introduce the various 
points of the legends he followed, and so he employed the three names, 
with a dim conception of Acheron as emptying itself into Cocytus, and 
perhaps of Styx as the most inward of the three, and a clear one of Phle- 
gethon as specially surrounding Tartarus. [From C. — Cocyto eruc- 
tat, disgorges into Cocytus. ' Cocyto/ dat. H. 379, 5 ; A. 225, b. 

300-4. Stant lumina flamma, his eyes stand fixed in flame. — Deo 
senectus, the old age of a god. — Velis (302), instrumental abl. 

312-25. Fugat, sc. eas. — Primi — CUrsum, to cross the channel first. 
" Transmittere," intransitive,= transire. Supply est with miratus and 
motUS. — Di — liumen, by whose divine power the gods fear to swear and 
(then) break their oath. — On the need of burial, cf. II. 23, 71 sqq. 

328-37. Sedibus, in their resting-places, i. e. their graves. — Stagna 
exoptata, the river from which they had at first been driven away 
(316) — Anchisa. H. 425, 3, 1); A. & S. 246; B. 918; A. 244; G. 
395. — Oronten. Cf. I. 113. — Sese agebat = ibat. 

345-58. Fines, terminal ace. — Cepisse. Supply me as the subject. 
— Quam, etc., as lest thy ship, etc.— Tenebam . . . . ni invasisset. H. 
512, 2, 2); A. 308, b; G. 599, Rem. 2. A rhetorical expression, per- 
haps best explained as a condensed formula : ' I was just in safety and 
should have continued unless/ etc. C. 

361. The barbarians thought Palinurus a shipwrecked man, who 
would probably have some of his property about him. W. and C. 



book vi. 367 

362-3. The sense , of line 362 is: "my body is sometimes tossed by 
the waves, sometimes thrown on the shore/' — Quod. Cf. II. 141, note. 

366-7. PortUS — Velinus, and repair again to the harbor of Velia, 
(in Lueania, near Cape Palinurus,) where his body was to be found. — 
Quam, sc. viam, any way. 

380. Tumulo — mittent, shall send annual offerings to the tomb. 

384. Ergo, (here resumptive, not illative,) so then. 

385-6. Inde, i. e. from where they were. — Ut, as soon as. — The met- 
rical effect of line 386 is to express quick and quiet motion. 

387-9. Increpat ultro, chides them, too. Ultro = insuper. — Fare 
(from for), tell me. — Istinc, from the place where thou art. 

393-7. Accepisse lacu, to have received on the lake (in my boat). 
Charon was terrified by Hercules into taking him on board, and was 
punished afterwards by being kept a year in chains. — Viribus, H. 429; 
in might. — Ille, the former, (Alcides, i. e. Hercules.) — Custodem, Cer- 
berus. — Hi, the latter, (Theseus and Pirithous.) — Dominam— adorti, 
attempted to carry off [our) queen (P roserpma) from the chamber of Pluto. 

400-14. Licet, sc. per nos {for aught that we intend). — Antro, in his 
den. — Patrui, her uncle's. Pluto was the brother of Jupiter, Proser- 
pina's father. — Servet limen, i. e. let her keep at home, — deemed a 
mark of a good woman. — Agnoscas. Either subj. as imperative, or " it 
may be that thou recognizest." — Nee plura his, sc. i dicta sunt ' ; and no 
more {words) than these. — Juga, the benches. — Sut., platted of rushes. 

422-36. Objectam, sc. offam. — Custode SepultO, its sentry being 
buried {in sleep). — Damnati mortis, condemned to death. "Mortis/' 
gen. of the punishment. There is no suffering in this part of the 
shades; there is merely the absence of the enjoyment of life. C. — 
Not sine sorte, sinejudice; but, in accordance with the customs of the 
Roman law, Minos, as quaesitor, or presiding-judge, draws by lot 
from the urn the names of the i( judices" who are to sit with him on 
the trial. — Silentum. The shades, says C, whose cases are to be tried. 
— Crimina, the charges against them. — Discit (from, the witnesses 
and the arguments on both sides). A legal term. — Peperere. Perf. 
3 pi. of pario. — Vellent. Impf. subj. of hopeless wish. 

443-46. The myrtle was sacred to Venus. — Phaedra died by her own 
hand for the love of her stepson, Hippolytus ; Procris followed her 
husband from jealousy, when he went to hunt, and was accidentally 
slain by him. — Nati, subjective gen. Cf. II. 436, note. 

451-70. Order : Juxta quam, etc. — (Te) exstinctam (esse). — Order : 
Nee quivi credere me discessu ferre {that I, by my departure, teas 
bringing) tibi hunc tantum dolorem. — Extremum — hoc est, this is, by 
fate, the last word that I address thee. " Quod " ace. of a neut. pro- 



368 NOTES. 

noun, used instead of a noun (quam allocutionem) of kindred significa- 
tion with the verb alloquor. W. and C. — Lenibat, strove to soothe. 
Presents and imperfects sometimes denote attempt or desire. W. On 
the termination, see H. 239, 1 ; A. & G. 128, e. — Solo. H. 422, 1 ; A. 
258,/; G. 384, 2; B. 948. — Vultum, ace. of specification. 

479-80. He sees the heroes of the Theban war, the great event of the 
heroic ages before the war at Troy. The persons named in lines 483-5 
appear in Homer as the most distinguished of the Trojans. C. 

481-93. k<JL = apud. — Etiam (et jam, even now), still. — Conferre 
gradum, i.e. to walk by his side. — Trepidare and vertere, historical 
inf. — InceptUS clamor, "the war-cry they essay" (lit., begun, essayed). 
— Frustratur, disappoints, mocks. They open their throats wide, but 
in vain. C. 

495-558. Ora, ace. of specification. — Dira — supplicia, seeking to con- 
ceal his dreadful punishments {i.e. his wounds). — Suprema nocte, on 
the last night of Troy. — Order: Nihil relictum est tibi (dat.of the agent), 
amice. — Funeris, of his corpse. — Lacenae, i. e. of Helen, who, after 
the death of Paris, became the wife of Deiphobus. — TJt egerimus, how 
we passed. Indirect question. — Order: Phrygias evantes orgia. — 
Circum, sc. urbem. — Capiti, from my head. Cf. Judith xiii. 6. — AeO- 
lides, i. e. Ulysses ; according to the post-Homeric slander which made 
him the son of Sisyphus, who was son of Aeolus. C. — Euit, is hasten- 
ing on. — Order: Quae dextera tendit etc., (in)hac (via) iter Elysium 
(terminal ace.) nobis (est). — Numerum, the number (of the shades). 
Others, my allotted time. — Tr. catenae, and the dragging of chains. 

562-79. Orsa (sc. est), from ordior. — Cast. — dolos, and punishes and 
inquires into their deceitful-crimes. Some translate castigat, up- 
braids, menaces. — Rhad. applies torture to compel confession {subigit 
fateri). H. — 568 Sq. What atonements for crimes committed any one, 
rejoicing in vain concealment, has postponed in the world above to the too 
late hour of death. F. — Saevior, fiercer than Tisiphone. — Bis tantum, 
quantUS — Olympum, lit. twice as far, etc., as (is) the loohing-up (i. e. 
the distance through which we look up) through the shy to the aetherial 
Olympus (heaven). 

590-3. Demens, qui simularet, madman ! to counterfeit (or in that 
he counterfeited). H. 519; A. & G. 320, e. — Non ille. Hie has the 
force of contrast, distinguishing Jupiter from Salmoneus. C. 

611-22. Suis, for their kinsfolk and friends.— Dextras dominorum 
=fdem dominis (a servis) debitam. — Quam poenam, sc. exspectant. — ■ 
Phlegyas burned the temple of Apollo at Delphi. — Fixit, refixit. 
The laws were engraven on brazen tablets and fastened on walls in 
some public place, whence they were removed when abrogated. 



BOOK VI. 369 

630-70. Cyclopum — caminis, reared by the forges of the Cyclopes.— 
Adverso fornice, with confronting arch (i. e. confronting the view). AbL 
of description or characteristic. — Corripiunt, as we should say in Eng- 
lish, they annihilate the intervening distance. C. — Perfecto — divae, 
the offering to the goddess (i. e. of the golden branch to Proserpina) 
having been fully made. — Purpureo, 'radiant,' 'dazzling.' — Sacerdos, 
Orpheus. — Norunt (contracted from noverunt, from nosco) = notos 
habent. — Obloquitur — VOCUm, sounds the seven varying notes in response 
to their measures, (i. e. the measures of the dancers.) — Gratia curruum, 
pleasure in chariots. — Superne, in the upper world. The Eridanus 
was supposed to take its rise in the Elysian fields. C. — Pii vates. 
Ancient literature abounds in recognitions of the sacrednoss and the 
responsibility of the poet's office. — Illius. See ergo, Gr. Index. 

672-96. Paucis, sc. verbis. — Ituras (fut. part, of eo), destined to go, 

— Manusque, and their exploits. — Rebar, imperf. of reor. — Fefellit, 
from fallo. — Quid, indefinite pronoun, ace. of specification. — Saepius. 
The comparative here simply denotes a high degree of the quality. 

711-18. Porro (= procul), in the distance. — Complerint = compleve- 
rint. — Ad, at. — Laetere, pres. subj. 2 sing, of laetor. 

730-3. Igneus. Because the divine soul was conceived of as pure, 
immaterial fire. — Ollis seminibus, to these seeds, i. e. the souls of men 
and animals, regarded as the seminal principle of life. — Quantum, so 
far as. — Hinc, from this influence of the body. 

743-8. Each of us suffers his own Jfanes, i. e. each spirit has its indi- 
vidual discipline. C. — Aural — ignein, and the fire of unmixed air (or 
light. Aurai, H. 49, 2 ; A. & S. 43, 1 ; B. 55 ; A. 36.— Rotam volvere, 
etc. = " have passed through the circuits of a thousand years." F. 

754-83. Unde (= ut inde) posset. H. 500 ; A. & G. 317 ; 207, a ; B. 
1213. — Maneant, sc. tibi. — Nost. — ituras, and destined to assume our 
name. — Pura hasta, a headless spear, given to young men on their first 
military success. — Civili quercu, the civic wreath of oak, given origi- 
nally to those who saved the life of a citizen in war and slew an enemy, 
but here to the founders of cities. — Avo COmitem. Bomulus shall 
appear on earth to join his grandfather Numitor, whom he restored to 
his rights. — Viden' = videsne. H. 669, I. 3 ; IV.; A. & G. 359, c, and 
n. 2. — Geminae. He wears a two -crested helmet, like Mars. — Pater 

— honore, and the very father of the gods already marks him with his 
own (i. e. Jupiter's) majesty. W. — Sibi, ethical dat. 

794-825. Saturno, poetical dat. of the agent.— Extra sidera, beyond 
the zodiac. — Tellus, the land (beyond the Garymantes and Indians). — 
Hujus in adventum, against his coming, * at the prospect of his ap- 
proach.' — Prohibet, sc. te. — Terra, poetical abl. of place. — Curibus 
24Vir. 



370 NOTES. 

(the birth-place of Numa), abl. of the town whence. — Fasces receptos, 
the rescued ensigns of power ; (taken from the kings, and bestowed upon 
consuls elected by the people.) — Natos. An allusion to the " Roman 
virtue" which Brutus displayed in punishing his own sons with death 
for conspiring to restore the Tarquins. — Ferent, shall regard. — Vincet, 
etc. He will risk being called cruel by posterity, so long as he forces 
them to acknowledge that he is great. C. — Referentem signa, bring- 
ing bach the standards captured by the Gauls. 

830-4. Socer, C. Julius Caesar. — Gener, Cn. Pompeius Magnus, who 
married Caesar's daughter Julia. — Eois, with Eastern troops. — Fueri, 
ray children. — Frior, the more illustrious, Caesar. 

836. Ille, L. Mummius. — Triumphata Corintho, abl. absolute. 

838-45. Ille. Probably L. Aemilius Paullus, the conqueror of Mace- 
don; Argos a,n&3fyccnae not being used strictly, but standing for Greece 
in general. — Aeaciden, Perseus. The Macedonian, kings claimed 
descent from Achilles, the grandson of Aeacus. — Templa. Cf. I. 41, note. 
— Cato, the Censor. — Scipadas. The elder and younger Africanus. — 
Fotentem = opulentum. — Quo — Fabii. The numbers and exploits of 
the Fabii are so great that they weary the narrator who tries to count 
them. C. — Maximus, Q. Fabius Maximus, CunCtator. 

847-53. Noble and characteristic lines, in which the manly greatness 
of the Romans in war and policy is contrasted with the skill of the 
Greeks in arts and science. — I follow, with R., the best MSS. in read- 
ing pad in line 852, instead of pads given by most editors. 

859-74. Tertia. The first " spolia opima" (Lex. opimus, II. B.), 
taken by Romulus, were dedicated to Jupiter Feretrius ; the second, by 
Cossus, to Mars; the third, by Marcellus, to Quirinus. — Instar, 
majesty. — Propria, enduring, permanent. — Campus, tumulum. At the 
funeral of the young Marcellus, all Rome assembled on the Campus 
Martius. Eis body was laid in the splendid Mausoleum of Augustus, 
near the Tiber. 

882-7. Si qua. Cf. 1. 18, note.— Thou shalt be Marcellus ! The rich 
promise of thy youth shall be fulfilled in the perfect glory of thy man- 
hood. — Aeris (limiting 'campis'), of misty air. 

893-900. Fertur, is reported to be. — Veris TTmbris, real spirits 
which appear to men in sleep. — Falsa — Manes, (through it) the shades 
send false dreams to the upper air. No satisfactory explanation has 
been given of the reason why Aeneas is dismissed through the ivory 
gate. — Recto litore, sailing straight along the shore. 




BOOK VII. 

ARGUMENT. 

Aeneas sails from Caieta, and enters the mouth of the Tiber (1-36). 
An invocation to the muse (37-45). The ancient condition of Latium 
is described, and the omens detailed which heralded the approach of a 
foreign enemy, and the accession of a new dynasty (45-106). By the 
eating of the cakes which served the Trojans as tables in their hasty 
meal after landing, the dreadful prophecy of the Harpy (III. 255, sqq.) 
is explained and fulfilled, and Aeneas is assured that his wanderings 
are to cease. He accordingly sends an embassy to Latinus, king of La- 
tium, to ask permission to found a city (107-159). The deputies are 
kindly received, and Lavinia, the daughter of Latinus, promised to 
Aeneas in marriage (160-285). Meanwhile, Alecto, being summoned 
from the shades by Juno, rouses to indignation Amata, the wife of La- 
tinus, and after her Turnus, king of the Rutuli, who had been espoused 
to Lavinia; and then directing her course to the Trojan youth engaged 
in hunting, she leads Ascanius to slay a favorite stag belonging to Tyr- 
rheus, the royal shepherd, which act of violence brought on an engage- 
ment between the followers of Aeneas and the rustic Latins (287-510). 
Almo and Galaesus are slain and brought into the city, but even the 
^ight of their dead bodies *s unable to urge Latinus to declare war. 
Juno herself, therefore, usurps the king's prerogative, and sounds the 
war-note far and wide (511-622). The allies of Turnus are then enu- 
merated (623-807). 

In this Book, Virgil has collected the traditions of the early settle- 
ments of Italy, not indeed with chronological exactness, but with that 
remarkable knowledge of the history [and geography] of his country, 
and attention to correct delineament, for which he is deservedly cele- 
brated. S. 

The gathering of the clans, — the rapid sketches of the chiefs as 
they pass in succession with their array of followers, — the legendary 
tale which the poet has to tell of more than one of them as he passea 

(371) 



372 NOTES. 

them in review, are all in Virgil's most spirited style. — Blackwood's 
Magazine. 

1-18. Aeneia. Cf. II. 543, note. — Caieta (pr. Ca-ye-ta), the nurse of 
Aeneas ; represented by Virgil as giving to the town and promontory 
of Caieta in Latium their name. — Qua (indefinite pronoun), any. — Pius. 
Cf. I. 10, note. — Quierunt = quieverunt. — Velis, abl. of means. — In 
noctem, the breezes blow into the night. A poetical expression, for 
which in plain prose we should simply say in the night. So Hand, Tursd. 
III. p. 339. Others: towards or at the approach of night. — Inaccessos, 
danger o%i8 to approach. W. — Solis filia, Circe. — Tectis, abl. of place, 
the prep, in omitted by poetical license. — In lumina, for light in the 
night. In with the ace. of the end. — Exaudiri, saevire, ululare, his- 
torical inf. H. 545, 1 j A. & S. 209, R. 5, and n. 7; B. 1137 ; A. 275. 

21-38. Quae talia monstra, such portentous transformations as these, 
— Posuere, sc. se. — Quae tempora. Times in the sense of circum- 
stances, condition. — Fuerit, indirect question. 

46-66. Senior. Comparative to denote a high degree of a quality; 
as we say, an elderly man. — Fauno and nympha. H. 425, 3, 1) ; A. & 
G. 244, «.— Oriens, so. proles. Whatever male offspring of his began 
to live. — Filia, Lavinia. — Plenis annis, abl. of description. — Avis, abl. 
of cause. — Regia conjunx, (Amata,) the wife of the king (Latinus). — 
Tecti medio. In the impluvium. Cf. II. 512, and IV. 494, notes. 
Medio, poetical abl. of place. — Comam, ace. of specification. H. 380; 
A. 240, c; Gr. 332. Cf. II. 629, note. — Sacrasse = sacravisse. — Take 
summum with apicem. 

70-99. Partibus ex isdem, from the same region that the bees came 
from, i. e. the lower sea. B. — Dominarier. The old infinitive in -er. 
H. 239, 6; A. & G. 128, 4. — Visa, sc. est.— Ornatum, ace. of specifica- 
tion. — Totis tectis. H. 422, 1, 1); A. & S. 254, 2, b; A. 258, f; G. 
386. — Ferri (historical inf.), ioas regarded. — Canebant, se. vates. — 
Monstris, the portents. Abl. of cause. — Genitoris. Faunus was the 
father of Latinus. — Nemorum quae maxima, sc. aquanun, ivhich, 
greatest (of the streams) of the forests. H., Forb., L. Wagner takes 
Albunea to be the name of a wood. — Acheronta, i. e. deos inferos et 
Manes. — Imis Avernis, poetical abl. of place. — Qui ferant (a relative 
clause defining the quality of the antecedent) == tales ut ferant. H. 501, 
I.; A. & S. 264, 1, (a) and (b) ; B. 1218, 1220, b; A. 320; G. 633. 

111-127. Cereale solum, " their wheaten board." — Augent, heap. — 
Malis, from mala. — Fatalis. Cf. III. 255-7. — Quadris. The round 
cakes were marked off into four quarters by lines stamped on the surface. 



BOOK VII. 378 

For the dat. H. 385; A. 227; Gr. 345. — Primam, sc. earn (vocem), 
when first spoken, at once. — Pressit, i. e. revolved it in his mind, in 
silence. W. — Anchises must have given this injunction to his son in 
the lower regions. "W. — Aggere, with (i. e. surrounded by) an embank- 
ment or wall. 

131-47. Quae, sc. sint. — Habeant, subj. of indirect question. — Di- 
versa, sc. itinera. Let us each go in different directions. — Phrygiam 
matrem, Cybele. — Duplices, etc. His mother, Venus, was in heaven, 
his father among the shades below. — Claras, u e. from a clear Sky. 
A good omen. — Condant, they should found. Subj. cf what is fitting 
and destined. — Coronant. Cf. I. 724, note. 

150-65. Haec, sc. resciscunt esse. — Anchisa. H. 425, 3, 1); A. & 
G. 244, a. — Ordine, etc., from every rank, high and low. — Ramis 
Palladis, i. e. olive-branches. — Velatos, lit. veiled with houghs. The 
ambassadors bear boughs, toreathed with fillets j and these fillets, hang- 
ing down, veil their hands. — Molitur locum, " builds up the place." — 
Ictu, in boxing. A. and Con., rightly. — Lacessunt, challenge each other. 

169-90. Medius, in the midst of his courtiers. — Urbe summa, on the 
acropolis. — Primos, for the first time. — The old palace of Picus is 
called templum as being horrendum religione parentum. L. — Perpet- 
uis, an unbroken range of. — Vestibulo, poetical abl. of place. — 
Conjunx, his would-be wife, Circe. — Versum, transformed. — Aurea, abl. 

203-21. Latinos, sc. esse. — Haud — tenentem. The Latins are 
finely described as just, not by the compulsion of law, but by self- 
control (se tenentem), and of their own free will. — Dei, *. e. Saturn.—- 
Armis, abl. of cause. — Solio accipit, receives him with a throne. — 
Numerum addit, inasmuch as altars are built to him. — Sidus, litus. 
Ancient navigators directed their course by observing the stars, and by 
following the line of the coast. — Kegione, in regard to the direction. 
Abl. of respect in which. On the genealogy of Aeneas, see I. 380, note. 

223-32. lQX\t=iverit, perf. subj. of eo. Subj. in indirect question. — 
Order: actus quibus (interrog. pronoun) fatis uterque orbis, etc. — Au- 
diit, sc. is (defined by si quern, etc.) — Et si quem, etc., both whomever 
(lit. if any one) the farthest land removes (from us), where the ocean 
encircles {the earth), and whomever the zone of the unfriendly sun (i. e. 
the torrid zone), outspread in the midst of four zones, divides (from his 
kind). Oceano refuso, abl. of place.— Diluvio. The Trojan war is here 
likened to a deluge, as before to a tempest. — Tantique. Que continues 
the negation. A rare use. 

241-85. Hither Apollo recalls us, etc. — Dat, sc. Aeneas. — (Videt vel 
eibi persuasit) hunc portendi fatis ilium generum (as that san-in-law), 



374 NOTES. 

etc. — Paribus auspiciis. Cf. IV. 102, note— Quae (talis ut ea) occu- 
pet. Subj. of what is destined. — Trojae, of Troy, i.e. such as you 
enjoyed in Troy. — Pacis = foederis. W. — Tyranni, of the prince ; 
(Aeneas.) — Qui ferant, icho shall raise. Subj. of destiny. — Sanguine 
in their blood, i. e. in their descendants. Abl. of means. — Patri furata, 
obtaining by stealth from her father. H. 385, 4; A. 229, c. (Seep. 415.) 
Circe had obtained a breed of horses from those of her father, the sun- 
god, by a mare of mortal race. — In, on. 

294-321. Num. We may give the force of this interrogative particle 
by inserting the answer in line 296, No ! they have found a way, etc. — 
Ausa, sc. sum. — Lapithis, sc. merentibus. Abl. absol. of cause. An- 
other reading Lapithas, Calydona merentem. — Quod, but. Lit. u in 
regard to which ; " ace. of specification. — Hac mercede suorum, with 
this price of their followers, i. e. at the price of the blood of their people. 
Cisseis, the daughter of Cisseus, Hecuba, who, before the birth of Paris, 
dreamed that her offspring was a blazing torch. — Enixa, sc. est. — Quin 
suus (her own) partus (Aeneas) (erit) idem Veneri. — Alter, a second. 

327. Sorores, her sisters, Megaera and Tisiphone. 

348-63. Quo monstro = ut eo monstro. — Ph. pastor, Paris. 

367-72. Latinis, for the Latins — Med. Myc, the heart of Greece. 

374-400. Lapsum, sc. est. — The prep, circum is put after its case. — 
Dant — plagae, " the lashes lend it life." Con. — Agitur, sc. Amata. — 
Simulato numine, feigning the divine impulse. — Taedas, sc. jug ales. — 
Sumere. Supply earn (i. e. Laviniam) as the subj. The thyrsi are called 
molles as wreathed with vine-leaves. — Crinem. It was the custom of 
the Bacchantes to let their hair hang loose. — Quaeque, sc. est. 

412-44. Fuit. Cf: II. 325, note. — Patiere, 2 sing. fut. of patior.— 
Sanguine, Tyrrhenas. Turnus had aided Latinus in wars against the 
Etrurians. — Sentiat (lei Latinus feel) and experiatur both govern the 
same object-acc, Turnum. — Here, from reor. — Ouis = quibus. 

460-73. Toro. Half-dreaming, he first seeks for arms on his couch. 
■ — Aquai. An ancient form of the gen. sing. — Capit, does the water 
contain itself. — Formae, of his (i. e. Turnus's) beauty. 

486-505. Et cui late. — Fluvio, etc. The stag was cooling itself, ad 
it floated down the stream, partly with the water, partly with the shade 
of the green bank. W. and Con.— Replebat. The imperfect brings the 
scene before us. — Pestis, i. e. Allecto. 

533-41. Vulnus, i. e. sagitta. Effect for cause. — Iter udae vocis = 
iter udum vocis. — Inclusit= interclusit. — Paci medium, as a mediator 
for peace. — Redibaut, (at night, to their stalls.) — Promissi facta 
potens, i. e. having fulfilled her promise. Gen. of respect. 



book vii. 375 

553-71. Staut, are firmly fixed. — Hand velit, would not be willing.-^ 
Superest (559), tmesis. — Rupto Acheronte, where Acheron bursts forth 
to the upper air. — Qnis = quibus. — Levabat. Cf. Tennyson: 

"This lump of earth has left his estate 
The lighter by the loss of his weight." 

The imperf. denotes the continuance of the effect of the action. 

577-98. Medio in, in the midst of, belongs to igni ("the fiery pas- 
sion") as well as crimine. — Martemque fatigant, and demand war. 
Strictly, fatigue Latinus with their shouts demanding war. — Nefas 
(596), thy impiety, i. e. the penalty of thy impiety. — Omnisqne — portus, 
and I am quite at the threshold of the port, (i. e. just ready to enter the 
peaceful haven of the grave )— Funere spolior, only of a happy death 
I am robbed. Rest awaits me, although the horrors of war will sadden 
my last hours. 

607-26. Belli portae, i. e. the temple of Janus. — The trabea was 
a white toga, ornamented with purple horizontal stripes, and worn by 
the Latin and early Roman kings ; here attributed to Romulus. The 
Gabine cincture was " a mode of wearing the toga, introduced from 
Gabii. The toga was thrown over the body in such a way that its 
lowest lappet was brought round and girt the waist, while the rest of it 
enveloped the head." — Vocat, invites, calls forth. — Leves, polished. 

637. The watch-word goes forth, the signal for war, 

653-69. Esset. H. 501, III.; A. <fc G. 320,/. — Oras, the regions.— 
Torquens, throwing around himself. — It seems best, with L., A., and 
'others, to take indutus as a noun in the ace. pi., in apposition with 
tegumen : "a covering with its white teeth for the head." The lion's 
upper jaw encircled the forehead cf Aventinus, while the lower jaw was 
drawn under his chin. — Hercnleo. Hercules wore the skin of the 
Nemean lion. 

671-85. Fratris, of their brother. — Order (679-80): regem, quem 
omnis aetas cred. genitum (esse) Vulc, etc. — Qnos (tu paseis). 

701-19. Amnis, the Cayster.— Asia pains, in Lydia. — Clausus. Liv. 
2, 16. — Prisci Quirites, the ancient inhabitants of Cures. — Severus, a 
mountain not elsewhere named. — Infanstum, from the defeat of the 
Romans by the Gauls, B. C. 390. — "The morning setting of Orion took 
place in the beginning of December, and was always accompanied with 
storms." — 716. Classes. Here of land forces. 

724-49. Cnrrn, dat. — Felicia Ba.cch.Q, fruitful in the vine. — Aeqnora, 
plains. — The aclydes were darts with thongs attached, by which, after 
having been hurled, they could be drawn back. — Comminus (732), 
(which they use) in close fight. — Celemna, a city of Campania, near 
Teanum. — Rapto, on their prey. Participle as noun. 



376 NOTES. 

757-80. In vulnera, against (i. e. for healing) wounds, — Bello = ad 
helium. — Pinguis, victimis abundans. W. — Novercae, Phaedra. — 
Occident. Oratio obliqua. — Patrias — poenas, and had sated his 
father's vengeance with his blood. — Phoebigenam, Aesculapius. — Ubi 
exigeret = ut ibi exigeret. H. 500; A. & S. 264, 5, and Rem. 2.— Cur- 
rum etjuvenem effudore. Zeugma. Supply everternnt to govern cur- 
rum. Hippolytus was thrown from his chariot and killed, Neptune, 
at the prayer of his son Theseus, having sent sea-monsters which fright- 
ened the horses. 

784-802. Vertitur (passive as middle) =incedit, moves proudly, or 
with strength and majesty. — Toto vertice, abl. of the measure of differ- 
ence. — Crinita, nom., juba, abl. Prove by scanning. — Aetnaeos, like 
(or as great as) those of Aetna. Poetic exaggeration. — Ilia, the Chi- 
maera. — Auro, (wrought) in gold. — Argumentum, device. — Uma. 
River-gods are represented in works of art as partly reclining on the 
ground, and leaning on an urn from which water, representing the 
fountain of the river, is flowing. — Scuta, ace. of specification. — Quis = 
qnibus. — At Anxur, (afterwards Tcrracina,) a god Anxurus was wor- 
shipped, identified in later times with Jupiter. Near the city were the 
grove and temple of Feronia, the spouse of Jupiter Anxurus. — Saturae 
— Ufens. The region about the Pontine Marshes is indicated in these 
two lines. 

804-17. Florentes, a poetical expression for fulgentes. — Manus, ace. 
of specification. — Pati, sc. assueta. — Intactae, sc. a falce, 'by the 
sickle/ — Volaret, might fly. Potential subj. — Nee laesisset, (lit., nor* 
would she have broken,) nor break. — TJt, how ; followed by the subj. of 
indirect question. — Regius — ostro. These words denote the purple 
chlamys which Camilla wore, in token of her royal birth. — TheLyciang 
were skilful archers. — Pastoralem myrtum, a shaft of pastoral myrtle* 
Shepherds made their crooks of myrtle-wood. 




BOOK VIII. 

ARGUMENT. 

Botii parties prepare for the contest, and endeavor to strengthen 
themselves by alliances, Turnus applying to Diomedes, and Aeneas to 
Evander (1-100). The Trojan chief is kindly received by the king of 
Pallanteum, and, being invited to take part in the celebration of the 
sacred rites of Hercules, in which Evander and his subjects were then 
engaged, he is made acquainted with their origin and institution, and 
with the ceremonies necessary to their due observance (101-369). 
Evander grants Aeneas a subsidy of four hundred cavalry, under com- 
mand of his only son, Pallas. Aeneas sends a part of his forces down the 
Tiber to the assistance of Ascanius, while he himself, with the remainder, 
crosses to Agylla, a flourishing town of the Tyrrhenians, now at deadly 
feud with their banished tyrant (Mezentius) and Turnus, his ally and, 
protector (454-519). Meantime, Vulcan, at the request of Venus, fabri- 
cates armor for Aeneas (370-453). These arms are brought by the 
goddess to her son, who is lost in admiration at their wondrous beauty, 
and traces with delight, on the heaven-made shield, the glorious deeds 
of his descendants (520-731). 

The episode of Cacus (184-275) is an Italian subject, and gives 
variety to the poem ; while the old legends of Latium, as related by 
Evander, and the splendid representations of successive scenes in 
Roman history displayed upon the shield, would possess especial 
charms for a Roman reader. 

1-16. Signum. Referring to the Roman custom of calling out the 
cavalry and the infantry, by displaying for the former a blue flag, and 
for the latter a red, from the capitol. Serv. — Animi, sc. Latinorum. 
— Cultoribus. Abl. of respect in which. They press the rustics into 
their armies. — Diomedes had settled in the south of Italy, where he 
married the daughter of Daunus, king of Apulia. — Urbem, Argyripa.— 
Qui petat = ti£ ispetai. — Latio (10 and 14), poetical abl, of place.— 

(377) 



378 NOTES. 

Nomen, sc. Aeneae. — Eventum. They intimate that Aeneas will turn 
his arms against Diomedes. 

22-40. Labris, the lips or edge of the caldron. (A part for the 
whole.) — Affari, hist. inf. — Terrere, 2 pres. sing, imperat. pass. 

42-65. Tibi, dat. of advantage, (ethical dat.) — Ex quo (loco) pro- 
fectus. — Pallanteum (in later times Palantium and Palatium) was built 
on what was afterwards the Palatine hill in Rome. — Domus, the grotto 
in which the river-god lived. — Celsis — exit, my fountain flows from 
lofty cities ; (my head-waters flow through the cities of Etruria.) 

71-90. Genus — est, i.e. from whom the rivers have their birth. — 
Corniger. Horns were attributed to river-gods as symbols of strength 
and power. — Tantum, only, A word used in prayer to urge one petition 
more especially than the others. — Propius — firmes, i.e. confirm thy 
divine promises more surely. —Tibi enim, rightly, to thee. — Quam 
longa. Cf. IV. 193, note. — Rumore secundo, with joyful shout. 

104-14. HuiC filius, his son; una, together with him. 'Una' must 
not be joined with 'huic/ — Genus, in your race. Ace. of specification. 

129-51. Quod fores, because, as the legends say, thou werU A. & S. 
266, 3. — Vobis (138), tibi ac tuo generi. — Per governs legatos as well as 
artem. — Pepigi, from pango, — Gens Daunia, the Rutuli ; from Daunus, 
father of Turnus. — Si pellant. Subj. because contingent. — Mare supra, 
the Adriatic; infra, the Tuscan. — Rebus, by warlike deeds, 

183-91. Perpetui, long-extended, with long body. — Saxis — rupem, 
behold this cliff, hung high on rocks, — (Aspice) ut moles (hoio the masses 
of stone) sint disjectae procul, domusque montis stat deserta. 

203-51. Hac,"sc. via. — Saxo, in his cave of rock. — Quaerenti, to one 
searching. — Mugire, impleri, relinqui, historical inf.— Furiis, abl. of 
cause, felle poetical abl. of place. — Exarserat. The pluperf. expresses 
the instantaneousness of the action. — Dis invisa, abhorred by the gods. — 
Super (245), from above. — Deprensum, sc. Cacum. — Super = superest. 

256-82. Animis, in his wrath. — In nodum COmplexus, "grasping 
him as with a knot." — Siccum sanguine, drained of blood. — Ex illo 
tempore. — Minores, posterity. — Auctor, sc.fuit. — Statuit, sc. Hercules, 
— Porgite =porrigite. — Communem Arcadibus etTrojanis.— Bicolor, 
the leaves being white underneath. — Devexo Olympo, the heaven declin- 
ing. Cf. II. 250, note. — In morem, after their manner. 

288-317. TJt, hoio ; followed by subj. of indirect question. — Novercae, 
i. e. Juno. — Tu nubigenas, etc. A burst of the sacred song itself is 
introduced.— Cresia prodigia, the Cretan boar. Plural for emphasis. — 
Ty-pho-eus. — Evander is called Romanae conditor arcis simply as 
having founded Pallanteum, on the Palatine hill. — Quis = quibus.-^ 
Parcere parto, to save what they had acquired. Participle as noun. 



book viil 379 

324-61. Saecula, quae perhibent aurea, fuere sub illo rege. — Posuit, 
laid aside. — Pallanteum futuruui esse nobilem. — Parrhasio, etc., after 
the Parrhasian (Arcadian) manner of the Lycaean Pan; i. e. as Pan 
was called* Avkcuo$ from Xvtcog, so Lupercal from lupus. — Saturnia (358), 
on the Capitoline hill. — Lautis, elegant 

376-403. Debita, destined (to be laid waste). — Constitit, sc. is, i. e< 
Aeneas. — Eadem, /, the same who forbore before. — Numen, ace. of the 
person asked, arma ace. of the thing. — Filia Nerei, Thetis, who asked 
armor for Achilles, as did Aurora, the spouse of Tithonus, for Memnon, 

— Si cura, sc. tibi. — Animae, the blasts of the bellows. 

409-34. Tenui Minerva, L e. with the loom, yielding a scanty sup- 
port. — Impositum, sc. est. — Ad lumina, by the fire-light. — Hoc (423), 
old form for hue. — Informatum, unfinished.— Quae plurima, which, in 
great numbers. — Torti imbris, i. e. hail. — Et (tres) alitis Austri. — In- 
Stabant, "they were hastening on to completion." 

441-73. TJsus, like utor, takes the abl. of means. — Illi omnes, pari- 
terque sortiti laborem, oc. inc. — Septenos — impediunt, " and they 
weld together orbs upon orbs, seven in number. The shield is made of 
seven circular plates of metal joined plate upon plate." F. — In line 
452 the spondees express laborious motion. — Lemnius pater. An allu- 
sion to the Homeric story of Jupiter's casting Vulcan out of heaven, 
and Vulcan's fall in the island of Lemnos. — Secreta, the retirement. — 
Matutinus. H. 443, 2; A. & GL 191; G. 324, R. 6. — Pro nomine 
tanto, in proportion to so great a name (as ours).- — TUSCO amni, the Tiber. 

483-511. Quid memorem, question of appeal. H. 486, II.; A. & S. 
260, Rem. 5. — Reservent, subj. of wish, prayer. — Tormenti genus, a 
kind of torture. — Confugere, historical inf. — Defendier, cf. VII. 70, 
note.— Puppes, i. e. the ships' crews. — Signa ferre, to move the stand- 
ards, i. e. to advance against the foe. — Succedam, capessam, sc. turn- 
tans (ut). Informal oratio obliqua. — Hinc, ex Italia. 

522-40. Putabant, ni dedisset. They were thinking, etc., and 
would have so continued, had not Cytherea, etc. Cf. VI. 358, note. — 
Olympo, dat. of the agent. — (Se) missuram (esse). — Poscant, let them 
demand. Subj. of permission. 

542-55. And first he awakens the sleeping altars with Herculean fires. 

— Qui sequantur = ut ii sequantur. — Regis, Mezentius. 

558-88. Euntis, se.filii. — Inexpletus. Adj. like adverb, as in 465. 
A. & S. 205, Rem. 15, (a).— si referat. The earnestness of the wish 
is shown by the use of the present subj., although we should expect the 
imperf., as it is impossible that the wish should be fulfilled. — Erulus, 
son of Feronia, and king of Praeneste. — Terna arma movenda, arm* 



380 NOTES. 

to be Viielded thrice. He had to be thrice conquered and slain. — Lsto, 
dat. — Cui, dat. of disadvantage. — Huic capiti, mihi. — Ventuius in 
unum = conventurus. — Pictis armis. "Not only armor ornanientei 
with gold and silver, but also with devices painted on the shield." 

596. A noble line. "The gallop of horses in the distance is heard in 
fancy as you utter this verse in rhythmical cadence." B. translates it, 

" The hoof of the quadruped shaketh the mouldering plain in its flight." 
But no version of it can compare with the original. 

617-24. Honore, beauty (and brilliancy, of the armor). W. — Versat, 
"handles, turns over and over." — Electro, auro, abl. of material; (a 
form of the abl. of source.) 

626 sqq. Cf. Horn. Iliad. XVIII. 483 sqq. "The outer rim of the shield 
is divided into eight compartments, ornamented with scenes descriptive 
of prominent events of Roman history. The device in the first of 
these compartments represents Romulus and Remus suckled by the 
wolf; in the second, the rape of the Sabine women, and the league 
with Titus Tatius; in the third, the punishment of Mettus Fuffetius; 
in the fourth, the siege of Rome by Porsenna, and the brave deeds of 
Horatius Codes, and the virgin Cloelia; in the fifth, the Capitol be- 
sieged by the Gauls, but saved by Manlius and the cackling of the 
geese ; in the sixth, processions of the Salii, bearing the sacred shields, 
of priests of Pan, and flamens, and Roman matrons ; in the seventh, 
the realms of woe, where Catiline trembles before the Furies j in the 
eighth, the Elysian fields, where Cato is giving laws to the pious. 
The central part, or umbo, of the shield contains the grand and crown- 
ing subject, the battle of Actium, and the triple triumph of Augustus." 
Forb. and B. 

627-55. Vatum, of the prophetic gods, by metonymy for " of the 
prophecies." — Pueros, Romulus and Remus. — Sine more, lit., without 
law, " lawlessly." — Actis, i. e. at the end of the games. — Stabant. On 
the imperfect, cf. I. 468, note. — Mettum. Mettus (or Mettius) Fuf- 
fetius, dictator of Alba, who, for his treachery to the Romans, was 
torn asunder, at the command of king Tullus Hostilius, by chariots 
driven in opposite directions. — At — maneres, but thou, Alban, shouldst 
abide by thy promises ! The imperf. (where we should have expected 
the pluperf.) is lively. — Ilium, Porsenna. — Aspiceres, you might see (if 
you looked). Potential subj. — Auderet. Subj. as referring to what 
Struck the mind of Porsenna and caused his threats. — In summo, sc. 
elipeo. — Recens, newly thatched. — Regia. The hut of Romulus, which 
was carefully preserved. — Hie, i. e. in summo elipeo. — Pro templo, (to 
defend it.) — Argenteus, wrought in silver. 
660-73. Virgatis sagulis, short cloaks, striped, in different color* 



BOOK VIII. 381 

like the Scotch plaid. — Lanigeros apices. The Fldmincs are here indi- 
cated by their peculiar head-dress, (the olive-wood peak on their caps, 
encircled with a tuft of wool,) inasmuch as the poet could not introduce 
their name into an hexameter verse. — Mollibus, softly cushioned ; or, 
as others say, " well-hung and easy of motion." — Haec inter, between 
the upper and lower parts, i. e. in the middle of the shield. — Cano, the 
foam of the waves was wrought in silver. — Argento, of silver. Abl. of 
material. 

675-713. In these noble lines the poet gives a magnificent picture 
of the battle of Actium. — In medio, in the middle (of the sea). — Erat 
— licebat. — Marte, classe. "W. — Atiro, i. e. with the gleam of golden 
armor, reflected in the waves. — Hinc. hinc (678, 685), from this side, 
from that side. — The twin flames from the temples of Augustus, are the 
reflections that gleam from the polished gold of his helmet; his father's 
star is the star supposed to be the deified soul of his adopted father, 
Julius Caesar, of which he wore on his helmet a representation. — "The 
corona navalis or rostrata was made of gold, and so formed as to imi- 
tate by its peaks the rostra (beaks) of ships." — Litore rubro, i. e. from 
the shores of the mare rubrum, or Indian Ocean. — Aegyptia conjunx, 
Cleopatra. With what contemptuous scorn this line is rounded out with 
Virgil's conjunec, more sonorously than it would have been with conjux, 
the later orthography ! — Kuere, historical inf. — Credas, you would be- 
lieve. — Turritis puppibus, abl. of means. Some of the ships, both of 
Octavianus and Antonius, had towers erected upon them. — Regina, Cleo- 
patra. The sistrum of her nation was a kind of rattle or timbrel, used in 
Egyptian revels. Two snakes were carved behind her, emblematic of her 
death by the bites of asps. — The gods of Egypt are called monstra, 
because they were represented with the heads of beasts ,• Aniibis, with 
the head of a dog, hence latrator. — Omnis, every. — Imagine " the Nile 
deity as represented in human form, in a reclining posture, and open- 
ing his robes so as to expose a sinus or ample fold in which the flying 
Egyptians may be sheltered." 

714-28. Augustus celebrated three triumphs — the Dalmatian, the 
Actian, and the Alexandrian — on three successive days. — Omnibus 
arae, omnibus dative. — Augustus hangs up the golden crowns, dona 
populorum, the gifts required of the conquered people at the triumphs, 
in the temple of Apollo on the Palatine hill.— Linguis, habitu, armis. 
Abl. of respect in which. — The Leleges and Carians are here put for 
the people of Asia Minor generally. — Mollior, more gently, as if he felt 
himself conquered. — Bicornis, two-homed, i. e. with two streams at its 
mouth, the Rhine proper and the Waal. — Pontem indignatus, scorning 
a bridge. 



BOOK IX. 

ARGUMENT. 

Turnus, taking advantage of the absence of Aeneas, endeavors to 
Bet fire to the Trojan fleet (1-76). The ships, however, are turned into 
sea-nymphs by Jupiter, at the solicitation of Cybele, from whose sacred 
grove, on Mount Ida, their timbers had been hewn (77-122). At the 
approach of night, Turnus sets watches to prevent a surprise from the 
Trojan camp (123-167) ; while the Trojans, on the other hand, devise 
plans to convey to Aeneas an account of their critical situation. Nisus 
and Euryalus, having volunteered their services as couriers, set forth 
on their perilous expedition, and, after slaying great numbers of the 
sleeping Latins, are themselves cut down (168-445). Their heads are 
fixed on spears and carried before the Trojan camp, to the great sorrow 
and consternation of their companions in arms (446-502). Turnus then 
attacks Ascanius and his followers, and a battle, fierce and bloody, is 
fought around, and even within, the Trojan encampments (503-818). 

Nothing of its kind in all literature surpasses the episode of Nisus 
and Euryalus (176-502) in beauty and pathos. 

3-11. Parentis, of his ancestor. Pilumnus was the great-great- 
grandfather of Turnus. — Optanti, sc. tibi. — Dies, time. Dies is masc. 
when it denotes a natural day, or a civil day (as in dates). — Sceptra 
sedemque, i. e. the kingdom and the palace. — Corythi urbes, i. e. Etru- 
ria. — Lydorum, cf. II. 781, note. 

26-74. Pictai = pictae. H. 42, 3, 2) ; A. 36 ; G. 27, 1.— Vertitur, cf. 
VII. 784, note. — Surgens = increscens. The septem amnes are the 
seven branches of the Granges. — Per taciturn, (sc. it), flows in silence. 
— Ab adversa mole, from a tower in front (of the enemy). — Fortuna, 
adverse fortune. — (Praeceperat, ut) servarent. — Et (urbi), even. — En, 
"look there!" — ImprODUS, insatiable. — Ex longO, sc. tempore. — In 
aequum, into the open field. — Socios incendia poscit. H. 374; A. & 
S. 231; B. 734; A. 239, c. — Accingitur, arm themselves. Middle voice. 

(382) 



book ix. 383 

79-100. Prisca- -perennis. The belief in the fact is of olden time, 
but its tradition is perennial, (or, has been handed down from year to 
year.) — Domito Olympo, now that Olympus (after the battle with the 
Titans) has been brought under thy sway. — Classis, genitive. H. 409, 
1; A. 223; G. 389, 2. — Sollicitam, sc. me. — Prosit (eas) ortas (esse), 
subj. in a wish or prayer. — Istis, for these (ships) of thine, — Defunc- 
tae, having performed (their course). — Arva, terminal ace. 

112-31. The choirs of Ida are the Corybantes, who attended Cybele. 
Order: Dabitur Turno exurere maria, antequam sacras pinus. — Mon- 
stra, portent 8. — Rerum pars altera, one half of the world, i. e. the sea. 

139-70. Iste dolor, i. e. the grief and indignation at the seizure of 
one's bride. — Fuisset satis, it should have been enough. Subj. of obli- 
gation and propriety. — Peccare — femineum, for them to have sinned 
before, (i. e. in the abduction of Helen, and not to steal my betrothed,) 
all but loathing utterly the whole female race (after suffering so much for 
their crime in the case of one woman). — Valli, objective gen., confi- 
dence en the intervening rampart. — Faxo (=fecero) ferant, I'll make 
them say, (lit., I shall have made, etc.) H. 493, 2; A. 331, /, R ; G. 546, 
3. — Qui (= ut ii) servent, rel. clause denoting a purpose. — Discurrunt, 
variantque vices, i. e, " they shift their posts, relieve the guard." Con. — 
Pontes. Footways of plank connecting different parts of the walls and 
battlements. Fr. 

179-80. No one was more beautiful on the whole, and no one more 
beautiful in armor 

182-193. Amor, etc., one was their love, an elegant expression for 
'their love was mutual/ The tenderness with which Virgil paints the 
friendship of Nisus and Euryalus is an especial charm of this beautiful 
episode. — Pariter, side by side. — Dine, (do) the gods; — ne, enclitic 
interrogative particle. — Lumina, watch-fires* — Quid dubitem, what I 
meditate. Subj. of indirect question. — Qui reportent, relative clause 
denoting a purpose. H. 500 ; A. & S. 264, 5 j B. 1212 • A. 317 ; G. 632. 

205-23. Hie, here (i. e. in my breast).— Istum, H. 450; A. & S. 207, 
Rem. 25. — Qui credat = talis, ut is credat. H. 501, I. ; A. <fe S. 264, 1, 
a, b ; A. 320. — Velim, / should wish. Apodosis. — Sit qui mandet, etc., 
let there be one to commit me (i. e. my body) rescued from the fight, etc. — 
Solita Fortuna, Fortune, in her wonted mood. — Begem, the prince, As- 
canius. 

231-62. Admittier = admitti. An ancient form. — Rem (dicunt esse) 
magnam. — Quaesitum (supine) = ut quaeramus. — Affore, sc. nos. W 
Others supply Aenean. — Primam, the first part of the city, the front, 
the outskirts. — Laudibus, praiseworthy deeds. — Fides, hope. — Nihil— 
recepto, (I shall count) nothing sad, with him regained. 



384 NOTES. 

270-89. Ipsiim ilium (equura). — Campi quod, what land, (the por- 
tion of land which.)— Arguerit, fut. perf. — Tan turn (sc. polliceor), so 
much I promise. — Fortuna, etc., let prosperous or adverse fortune befall 
(me). — Inque salutatam = insalutatamque. — Quod neqneam. Subj. in 
oratio obliqua, the statement being the testimony which ** Night and 
thy right hand" would give. 

294-311. Patriae pietatis, filial affection; patriae here for his 
father, — Partum talem, a bold expression for " the mother of such a 
eon." — Reduci from redux. — Ante annos, sc. viriles. 

315-49. Multis futnri exitio. H. 390; A. 233; G. 350.— Ante, be- 
fore they felt that the camp was hostile; i. e. before the helmet, there 
taken, betrayed them. W. — Arrectos, t. e. with the poles raised in air. 
The chariots were two-wheeled.— Domino. H. 385, 4; A. 229 ; G. 344, 
R. 2. Dative of disadvantage. — Plurima, adverbial (or cognate) ace. 
— Deo, i.e. Baccho {wine). — Et — recepit, and withdrew it loith much 
blood. Others, with sure death. Con. retains the boldness of the original ; 

"Deep in his breast the sword he drove, 
And bathed in death withdrew." 

Pnrpuream animam, " the purple tide of life." — 346. Crat. 1. 724, n. 

354-61. Ferri, sc. eum (Euryalum). — Phaleras. Not trappings for 
horses (as in V. 310), but an "order of merit" worn on the breast of 
llhamnes himself.— Aurea — bullis, "a belt golden with studs," i. e. a 
belt with golden studs. " Cingula" is plural of dignity; a costly belt. — 
Jungeret, sc. hospitium. 

374-93. Radiis adversa, exposed to the beams of the moon. — Tendere, 
celerare, fidere, historical inf., or inf. absolute, used as the historical 
pres. indie. — Nihil contra, they make no effort of reply. — Regione 
viarnm, as regards the direction of the way. Abl. of specification (H.) 
or respect in which (A. <fc S.). — Imprudens, thoughtless of his friend.— 
Observata legit = observat et legit. 

404-18. Praesens, propitious. — Venatibus. Hunters were wont to 
dedicate portions of the game to the gods. — Aversi, turned away from 
Nisus, i. e. with his back towards him. — Hoc (416), for this (success). 
Abl. of cause.— Idem, t. e. Nisus. — Summa librabat ab aure, levelled 
from the tip of his ear. He poised the spear above his shoulder before 
throwing it. — It (contracted from iit) perf. — Tempus utrnmque, both 
temples. 

427-49. Me, me, sc. petite. But the words should be translated 
without supplying the ellipsis. — Iste. Notice the propriety of this use 
of the demonstrative of the second person. — Hoc. H. 374, 5; A. AS. 



book ix. 385 

231, R. 5; B.739- A.& G.239. — Tantum, only.— Domus, the house, i. e. 
the race. — Pater Rom., *. e. Augustus, and the future princes of his line. 

450. Praeda (that which they took from Nisus and Euryalus)* spo- 
liis (which Euryalus had taken from the Rutulian camp). 

476-502. Pensa the web revoluta (sunt) was unravelled. — Hunc te 

aspicio, do I see thee thus? — Tune, etc. Couldst thou, that one, the late 
support of my old age, leave me alone, cruel (boy)? — Te, tua funera, 
nor thee, (nay,) thy corpse, have I, thy mother, conducted (to the grave). 
"Tua funera" may possibly be translated, (nay,) thy funeral-show. — 
Hoe (491), i. e. thy head borne upon a spear. — Pietas, i.e. compassion 
for a mother. — Inter manus, in their arms. 

503. "By this sudden change from tears and sadness, we are aroused 
at the instant, by the very blast of the trumpet, to the bustle of war." 
The verse is more dignified than the line of Ennius which suggested it : 
" At tuba terribili sonitu taratantara dixit." 

505-18. Acta testudine, cf. II. 441, note. — Pariter, with even step. 
— Caeco Marte, in blind fight, i. e. under the testudo. 

525-48. Vos, t. e. tu et tuae sorores. Cf. I. 140, note. — Oras, the out- 
lines. — Loco, in its situation. — Lampada, afire-brand. — Plnrima vento, 
t. e. fanned and made great by the wind. — Alba, unblazoned. 

558-89. Tecta, the battlements. — Matri, poetical dat. of the agent. — 
Martins. The wolf was sacred to Mars, from the wolfs nursing his 
sons Romulus and Remus. — Longe, (shot) from far. — Pro tnrribus, 
on the tower, protected by the battlements in front of him. — Matris, of 
his mother (the nymph Symaethis). — Adversi, of him (the son of Ar- 
cens) standing facing (Mezentius). — LiquefactO, melted, i. e. by the heat 
caused by rapid motion. Poetic exaggeration. Con. : glowing. — Mnlta 
arena. He falls from the tower upon the sandy plain. 

593-620. Cui Remulo cognomen. See i. 267, note. — 615. Vobis 
(sunt) cordi. See vii. 315, note; H. 390 I. A. & S. 227, Rem. 3, (a); 
B. 848. — Mitrae. " Cf. IV. 216, note. — Tympana. The tympanum was 
like the Spanish tambourine. — Cedite = discedite. 

629-56. Qui (= talis ut is) jam petat cornu. — TJrbem, the Trojan 
camp. — Virtute, abl. of cause. — Nee — capit, nor does Troy contain 
thee,* i. e. Troy is too little for thee. — Caetera, ace. of specification. 

668-709. Pluvialibns Haedis, abl. of time. — Quae (lis erat) com- 
missa.— Pro tnrribns, like towers. H., W., L.-~ Thebana, of Thebe in 
Mysia. _ Clipeum, nominative, neuter. So Livy, e. g. I. 43, 2. 

710-12. Euboico. Baiae is near Cumae (VI. 2), which was settled 
by colonists from Euboea. — Ante, previously, beforehand; taken with 
eonstructam. — Ponto (dat.) = in pontum. 
25 Vir. 



386 NOTES. 

728-33. Qui non viderit. Cf. VI. 590-1, note.— Mittit, sc. Turnus. 
As he moves, the light flashes from his shield. 

748-63. Is == talis. — Ait, sc. Turnus. — Consurgit in ensem, he rises 
on his sword, i. e. rises to the blow. — Raptas, snatched (from the bodies 
of the slain). 

804-12. Germanae, to his sister, i. e. Juno. — Mnestheus. Cf. lines 
171-3. 



w,**;< 



BOOK X, 



ARGUMENT. 

An assembly of the gods is held, in which Jupiter deprecates the war 
between the Latins and Trojans; but Venus and Juno advocate the 
cause of their respective favorites (1-95). Jupiter declares that the 
Fates shall decide the fortune of the day, without his interference (96- 
117). The Latins still beleaguer the Trojan camp, which is valiantly 
defended by Ascanius and others (118-145). Aeneas, having procured 
auxiliaries in Etruria, returns to his men with a fleet of thirty ships. 
As he descends the river, he meets the nymphs into whom his former 
fleet had been transformed, and from them learns the state of affairs in 
the camp (146-255). As he lands his troops, the Rutuli attack hin\ 
while his forces are still in confusion, and great slaughter is made on 
both sides (256-361). Pallas, son of Evander, does prodigies of valor, 
but is at length slain by Turnus (362-509). Aeneas slays many Rutu- 
lians as funeral offerings to the shade of his friend, and Ascanius, 
making a successful sally from the city, unites his forces with those of 
his father (510-605). Juno, fearing for the life of Turnus, sends a 
phantom of cloud in the guise of Aeneas, which, fleeing before the onset 
of the Rutulian, bounds on board a ship, and is followed by the pursuer. 
Turnus is by this device carried to Ardea, much against his will (606- 
688). On the departure of Turnus, Mezentius assumes his place, and, 
after dealing death among the Trojan and Etruscan bands, is himself, 
along with his son Lausus, slain by Aeneas (689-908). 

The scenes of battle in the last three books of the Aeneid are diver- 
sified; thus we have in this book the beaching of the ships, the disem- 






book x. 387 

barcation upon the shore, and a fight of the foot-soldiers ; in the eleventh, 
a naval battle; in the twelfth, a cavalry fight and a single combat. In 
the tenth book the Arcadians especially exhibit their valor, in tho 
eleventh the Etrurians, and in the twelfth the Trojans. Councils 
treating of peace, and speeches, constructed with great rhetorical skill, 
are interposed for further variety. From H. 

10-14. Hos, these (Venus and her adherents), hos, those (Juno and 
her partisans). — Alpes — apertas, shall hurl the opened A tys against 
the citadels of Rome. — Res rapuisse may mean to ravage, or simply 
(as W. contends) to wage war. I prefer the first, as adding a new idea. 

29-40. Mea — restant, my wounds await, i. e. wounds still await me. 
Venus had been wounded by Diomedes before Troy, when she was en- 
deavoring to rescue Aeneas. — Demoror, etc., and J, thy offsjyring, am 
to delay mortal arms, i. e. I am to be attacked by mortal arms, and meet 
"the spear that gores, but cannot slay." — Movet, sc. Juno. 

44-50. Det. H. 501, I.; A. & G. 320, a, — Hunc, Ascanius. 

73-9. Hie, in these things. — Quid, what is it? (Is it less shameful?) 
— Soceros, in allusion to Latinus : pactas, in allusion to Lavinia. — Gre- 
miis aliorum, pactas iis, i. e. aliis. 

91-117. Furto, the stealthy seizure of Helen. — Cupidine, through 
the instrumentality of Cupid. Abl. of means. — Fuat = sit. H. 204, 2; 
A. & S. 154, 2; A. 119. Archaic forms become the solemnity and dig- 
nity of the language of the gods. — Medium, in the midst of them. 

133-62. Caput, ace. of specification, limiting detectus. — Libera fati, 
free in respect of their fate. (See VIII. 499 sqq.) — Rostro — leones, 
yoking lions under her beak, i. e. having their figures carved upon her 
prow. The pass. part, is used as middle. — Quaerit sidera, asks the 
names of the stars. — Passus (sit Aeneas). 

188-95. Crimen — vestrum, his love your shame, ye swan-plumes; 
for it was in consequence of his love for Phaethon that Cycnus, the 
father of Cupavo, was changed into a swan. W. — Sororum, of the 
sisters of Phaethon, the Heliades, who were changed into poplars. — 
Canentem; how does it differ in meaning from cunentem? — Ille, i, e. 
the Centaur, whose image was the vessel's figure-head. 

206-7. Mincius, the river-god, giving his name to the ship. — Ce2>- 
tena arbore = centum remis. 

239-49. Aeneas had ordered the Arcadian and Etruscan horse to 
make their way by land, and join him near the mouth of the Tiber; 
Turn-is desires to throw his troops (medias) between them and the Trojan 
camp, to prevent a junction. — Aliae, sc. Nymphae ; cursus, sc. alia- 
rum navium. 



888 NOTES. 

273-80. Lugubre rubent. Comets were deemed portentous of wars 
and other disasters. — In manibus— viris, Mars himself is in your hands, 
(lit. for men, i.-e.) if you are men (worthy of the name). 

317. Quo licuit parvo, (for what purpose was it permitted, i.e.) of 
what advantage teas it for him, when young. 

365-6. Latio sequaci, to pursuing Latium, i.e. to the Latin troops. — 
Quis = quibus (the Arcadians). — Quando = aliquando, for the time. W. 

391-6. Daucia (proles), of Daucus, an unknown personage. — Te, 
SUUHl, thee, its lord. — Micant digiti. Compare Ben Jonson's Catiline, 
in the account of the traitor's death: 

" Yet did his look retain 
Some of his fierceness, and his hands still moved. 
As if he labored yet to grasp the state 
With those rebellious parts." 

412-39. Seque — arma, i.e. covers his breast with his shield, as it 
were gathering the limbs so as to present a small surface. S. Cf. 802, 
and XII. 491 sqq. — Lausus. See VII. 651-4. — Soror, the nymph 
Juturna, sister of Turnus. 

443-76. Parens, Evander. — Ire, goes. The inf. here depends upon 
an historical present tense understood, as incipit. — Victorem — Tumi, 
may the dying eyes of Turnus endure a conqueror. — Genitor, Jupiter.— 
Humeri tegmina summa, i. e. the top of his corselet. 

483-506. Quem — obeat, subj. in a relative adversative clause; quern, 
although . . . it. — Scan : un'ya | demque, etc. — Parvo, abl. of price. — 
Caesa, etc. ** The legend on the baldric was the well-known story of 
the Danaides." — "The scutum was a long, oval shield, and probably 
made of lighter material than the heavy circular clipeus." 

525-56. Gnato (meo). — Hie, in me, on my life. — Vertitur, is at stake. 
— Gnatis — tuis, save for thy children. — Umbra, sc. mortis. Others 
refer it to the shadow of Aeneas himself and his shield. — Fortasse 
caelo, i. e. fortasse usque ad caelum. — Fortasse, 1 wot. — Impedit, lit. 
entangles, i. e. pins together. — Super, moreover. 

568-86. Tot, fifty. — Pendens in verbera. Cf. V. 147, note. 

608-10. These three lines are ironical. — Viris, dat. of possessor. 

614-40. Mihi namque, to me, assuredly. — Nunc, as it is. — Quartus 
pater, great-great-grandfather. — Sentis, thou understandest that I so 
ordain {ponere). — Quid si dares, etc., what if thou shouldst grant. A 
modest intimation of a wish. — Haec, this which I pray for. — Quod, on 
which point. Ace. of specification. — TJt = 0, ntinam. — Nube cava, abl. 
of material. - (Aeneae) euntis. 

652-72. Sua gaudia, his expressions of delight. — Ponte, gangway.— 
Moras, scalarum. — Tanton'. Cf. III. 319, note. — Quemve = qualemve) 



book x. 389 

or the boldness of the original may be preserved in a strictly literal 
translation. — Quid manus ilia, sc.faciet. 

673-88. Quosne, quos = et eos, while -ne indicates a question : and 
have I left them all, shar.ie ! etc. — Syrtis, gen. sing. — Jaciat, sc.se. — 
Animi, in her heart. Locative case. Cf. I. 193, note. — TJrbem, Ardea. 

698-735. Latagum occupat os faciemtjue. The Greek construction 
Ka$' &Xov Kai Kara nipos (ace. of the whole and of the part). Os and faciem 
may be regarded as ace. of specification. Cf. XII. 273, note. — Lauso. 
Lausus y son of Mezentius. — Una nocte et, i. e. on the same night as.— 
Cisseis regina, Hecuba. — Regina, princess, as daughter of a king. — 
Irasci, to heboid (from wrath). — Cunctatur, etc., u hesitatingly turns 
towards every point." The combination of in and the ace. with enactor 
gives this meaning. — Quibus irae. H. 390, L; A. & S. 227; B. 848; 
A. 233; G. 350.— Furto, by stealth, by stratagem. 

740-4. At the point of death, the senses of men were supposed to be 
sharpened, so as to give them a prophetic power. — Viderit, fut. perf. 

766-86. Ornum, an ash-tree, as a staff. — Bextra, etc. Mezentius, 
contemptor divum, prays to his right hand and spear to assist him as his 
god. — Alieno vulnere, a wound meant for another. — Orbem — triplici, 
the concave orb of threefold bronze. Aere, abl. of material. — Vires haud 
pertulit, "it did not continue its force through." 

791-808. Hie, adverb. — Tanto operi, to so great a work; i. e. to my 
poem, a work which treats of so great themes. Others : to so great a 
deed of filial piety. — Vetlistas, posterity. — Inque ligatus = illigatusque. 

— Proturbant, strive to drive away. Presents and imperfects some- 
times denote desire or purpose. — Praecipitant, sc.se. Cf. note on vol- 
ventibus, 1. 234. — Diffugit, true perfect, has fled, and is now in safety. — 
Exercere diem, to employ the day in labor. 

824-40. Patriae, for a father, filial. — Laetatu's = laetatut, is. — 
Manibus et cineri, t. e. to the tomb (of thy ancestors). — Cura, sc. tibi. 
— Be more, in the manner of his countrymen, the Etrurians. — Procul, 
hard by. — Colla fovet, eases his neck. — Qui revocent, relative clause 
with subj. denoting purpose. H. 500 ; A. & S. 264, 5 ; B. 1212 ; A. 317. 

842. Observe the effect of the pause after the first foot, and the 
solemn march of the verse. 

854-74. Bedissem. Subj. of wish. — Vis tardat=im*<?« tardantur.-— 
Vulnere, abl. of cause. — Enim may be translated assuredly, but really 
implies an ellipsis. 

876-903. Incipias, subj. like imperative, addressed to Mezentius. — 
EreptO nato, now that my son has been snatched away from me. — Neo 

— uUi, nor do we spare any one of the gods, i. e. nor do we spare thee 



390 NOTES. 

for the sake of any god whom thou mayst invoke. •*— Figit VOlalque=* 
figit vo £«««.— Silvam telorum. — Iniqua, unequal; Aeneas being on foot. 
Calcibus, with his (fore)feet. — EjectO — armo, and, falling forward, 
lies upon (him) with its shoulder dislocated. — Per, etc. Cf. II. 142, note* 



>!^o<>- 



BOOK XI. 

AEGUMENT. 

Aeneas raises a trophy to Mars over the slain Mezentius, and sends 
the dead body of Pallas to Evander for the celebration of funeral honors 
(1-99). A truce for twelve days is granted by the Trojans to the solic- 
itations of the Latins, for the burial of the dead, in which duty both 
parties occupy themselves (100-224). Venulus, who had been sent on 
an embassy to Diomedes to beg assistance, returns with an unfavorable 
reply; and Latinus, baffled in this hope, proposes, in a council of war, 
to send ambassadors to Aeneas to sue for peace (225-335). While 
Drances and Turnus indulge in mutual recrimination, Aeneas prepares 
an attack on the city; and this becoming known at Laurentum, the 
council is dismissed, and steps taken to defend the town (336-485). 
Turnus devises measures to defeat the object of Aeneas, and to sur- 
prise him by an ambuscade (486-531). The history of Camilla (532- 
596). The cavalry battle is described, a3 also the deeds and death of 
Camilla (597-835). Aruns, the slayer of Camilla, does not long enjoy 
his triumph, but he in turn is killed by an arrow discharged by one of 
Diana's emissaries. The Rutulians, disheartened by the death of Ca- 
milla, take to flight, and the Trojans prepare to besiege the town (836- 
895). Turnus, when he hears the fatal news, hastens from the place 
where he had concealed himself in ambush; but the night being near 
at hand, both parties suspend operations, and encamp before Lauren- 
tum (896-915). 

9-16. Tela trunca, the broken spears. Cf. X. 882 sqq. — Eburnum, 
with an ivory scabbard. — Quod superest, in regard to what remains. 
The suppressed antecedent of quod is in the ace. of specification. — And 
this (i. e. this trophy) is Mezentius, (built up) by my hands. 

51-70. Nil debentem, etc., t. e. " whose every debt to heaven is 



BOOK XI. 391 

paid." Con. — Nostri, our (promised). — Sospite nato, thy son being 
daved (in dishonor, or by cowardice). — Fulgor, (as well as forma,) 
subject of recess it. 

81-96. Manus eorum quos. — Nomina. The trophies (line 83) were 
inscribed with the names of the enemies slain. — Projectus, sc. est. — 
Versis armis, i. e. with inverted weapons (here spears and shields), as 
in modern military funerals. — Alias lacrimas, i. e. to the funerals of 
others, who fell in the same battle. 

102-31. Jacebant is taken out of the oratio obliqua, perhaps for 
liveliness. Cf. M. 369, obs. 2. — Redderet, sc. Aeneas. Oratio obliqua. 
"Give back," they said.— Terrae, locative gen. — Qui — fugiatis (qui = 
ut vos), that you flee. — Nee veni, nor came I, aoristic perf. ind., where 
we should have expected the pluperf. subj., nor should I have come. 
Undoubtedly poets are often influenced to take such licenses by metrical 
considerations, in part. The rhetorical effect of the use of the indie, is 
to represent the apodosis as beyond all doubt: certainly I should not 
have come. A similar rhetorical effect is seen in the use of fuerat (line 
115). — Huic morti, i. e. the death in battle which these innocent men 
have incurred. — Vixet = vixisset. — Mirer, sc. te. — Justitiae, for thy 
justice. Gen. of cause ; a Greek construction. H. 409, 4; A. & S. 220, 
I ; B, 785. — Saxa. To build a city for the Trojans. 

149-72. Super Pallanta. — TJt velles. Ut = utinam. The imperf. subj. 
(where we should have expected the pluperf., would thai thou hadst been 
willing) has the same liveliness as the use of the pres. indie, for an his- 
torical tense. So obruerent (162). — Secutum, sc. me. — Arguerim, 
potential subj., or rather subj. of inclination. — Sors ista, this lot, of 
which you bring me the proof: i. e. the death of my son. — Quod si. 
Cf. VI. 133, note. — Quos, sc. eorum. 

179-223. Meritis and fortunae, dat. defining locus. — Perferre, sc. 
nuntium, depends upon quaero : but to bear the tidings to my son of his 
murderer's death. — Obumbrat, screens, protects. 

226-51. Super, moreover, over and above their other misfortunes. — 
Petendum {esse) governs pacem: that they should seek peace. An 
archaic construction. M. 421, b. — Primus sceptris. Servius says that 
in old times all the generals bore sceptres as they entered the council- 
hall. — Farier —fari. — Attraxerit, sc. nos. — Arpos, terminal ace. — Au- 
ditis, sc. legatis. Abl. absolute. 

259-80. Minervae sidus, i. e. the storm raised by Minerva.— Caphe- 
reus, a rocky promontory on the island of Euboea, is called the avenger, 
because so many of the Grecian ships were wrecked upon it in the storm 
which Minerva sent. -Que is epexegetical, even.--Th.Q pillars of Pro- 



392 NOTES. 

tens, primarily applied to the island of Pharos and the coast of Egypt^ 
are also used to designate the ends of the earth at the East, in the sam« 
way as the western limits are indicated by " the pillars of Hercules." — 
Mycenaeus ductor, Agamemnon. — Devictam Asiam, metonymy for 
the conqueror of Asia, (Agamemnon.) H., W., L. — Adulter, Aegisthua. 

— Lines 267 and 268 are ordinarily placed before lines 264-266. — 
Deos invidisse depends upon referam. As the myth is commonly told, 
the companions of Diomedes were not changed into birds until after his 
death. — Malorum is governed by memini, and laetorve may be trans- 
lated, nor take pleasure in their memory. 

293-316. Qua, on whatever condition.— Magno bello (dat.), in regard 
to our great war. — Fuerat. See note on vent (112). Qua, ruina cetera 
rerum jaceant perculsa. -r- Paucis (verbis). — Tusco arnni, the Tiber. 

335-74. In medium, for the common good. — Incertum, etc., he bore 
an uncertain (descent) on his father's side; (implying that his father 
was of low origin.) — Onerat, sc. Turnum. — Det, let him (i.e. Turnus) 
grant. — Dici, i. e. to he promised. — Nil moror, i. e. I am not unwilling. 
— Stemamur, subj. of destiny or doom ,• we must be thrown on the plains. 

— Fatrii Martis —patriae virtutis. — Aspice contra, confront: 

" Front him that calls you, eye to eye." 

389-410. Imus, we are going ; a lively substitution for eamus, let us 
go. — Die, abl. of time within which. — Tydides and Achilles, subjects 
of tremescunt. — The Aufidus recoils from the sea to its fountain-head in 
dread of the Trojans; i.e. Diomedes, who lives in Apulia where the 
Aufidus flows, forsooth stands in awe of Aeneas. Turnus intimates his 
disbelief of Diomedes , unwillingness to fight. — Vel quuni — acerbat. 
In the apodosis to this sentence, (lines 408-9,) the construction ia 
changed, for rhetorical effect, into a direct address to Drances in the 
second person. If anything is to be supplied, it is, as W. suggests, 
8cito. — Artificis SCeluS, this wretch of a trickster. — Crimen, his accusa- 
tion against me. — Te, Latinus. 

416-44. I/Lihi (dat. of reference), in my opinion. — Semel, once for all. 

— Tempestas, the storm of battle. — Multa, ace. pi. — Vel praestet 
ille licet, etc., even though he ("that one," i. e. Aeneas) (present, i. e.) 
prove himself a great Achilles. — Morte luat, nor let Drances, etc. pay 
the penalty with his death. — Tollat, bear away the prize. 

459-87. Immo, nay, (do not rush to arms.) Ironical. — Jusso = 
jussero. — Qui non acceperit. Rel. clause with subj., giving the reason. 

— Butulum. The Rutulian corselets were probably the best in Italy. 
502-13. Order: Si merits est qua fiducia sui forti. — Improbus, in 

satiable. — Quaterent. Orat. obliqua. Praemisit implies an order. 



book xi. 393 

534-68. Latonia, Diana. — Tua tela, i. e. the bow and arrows. — 
Donum Triviae. It was through the gift or kindness of Diana that 
Camilla was borne safely on the spear. — Neque — dedisset, nor would 
he himself, in his wildness (abl. of cause), have consented (so to live). 

614. Perfractaque — rumpunt, i. e. they dash their steeds against 
each other so violently as to break their breasts. 

630-49. "Twice repulsed, they looked back (on their pursuers), cov 
eriny their backs with shields." — LatUS, breast. 

659-721. Flumina pulsant, i. e. beat the frozen waters, with their 
horses' hoofs. — Martia. Penthesilea was the daughter of Mars. — Se 
refert (victorious from the fight). — SuffoSSO, stabbed from beneath. — 
Armis ignotis, with unknown (i. e. unusual, extraordinary) arms. — 
Interior, in an inner (and therefore a shorter) circle; a term taken 
from the race-course. — Hand Ligurum extremus, sc. in the arts of 
deceit. — Evadere with the dat. is an innovation of Virgil; the verb is 
generally used with the simple abl., with the abl. with ex, or with the 
ace. L. — Ventosa — frandem, to whom fame, fickle as the wind, brings 
deceit (i. e. disappointment, and harm). — Ligus, Ligurian. — Anno, to 
Annus thy father. — The hawk is called sacer as being a bird of augury. 

725-50. Hon nnllis, i. e. with not inattentive. — Segnes, sc. este ; 
which imperat., as well as expectate, is used in bitter irony. L. calls 
the use of the imperat. here and in line 460 concessive. Some editors 
read expectare, against all the best MSS. — Secnndus, announcing favor- 
able omens. As soon as this announcement was made, the sacred feast 
was held in a grove. — Exit, repels. 

771-92. In plnmam, like a plume. The brazen scales overlapped 
each other like feathers. — Auro, i. e. with a clasp of gold. — Pineus — 
acervo, i. e. the fire from heaped pine-branches. — Ignem. The ancient 
Italian deity Vejovis, afterwards identified with Apollo, was worshipped 
on Mount Soracte. His priests walked over glowing coals of fig-tree 
wood, (having first carefully salved their feet.) — Dum, provided that. 

822-61. Quicum=quacum, with whom. — Partiri, inf. absolute (ordi- 
narily, but less properly, called historical inf.) — Manibus acquis, 
" with hands equally stretched." 

870-92. Desolati, abandoned (by their leaders). — Summo certamine, 
i.e. "with might and main " (Con.), "in noble rivalry" (W.). — TJt 
videre Camillam, as they saw Camilla (to have done). 

908-13. Simul, at one and the same time; the meaning is continued 
by et in line 910 •— Gurgite Hibero, in the Iberian sea, i. e. the Western 
Ocean. 



BOOK XII. 

ARGUMENT. 

Turnfs seeing that after the two defeats of the Latins all hope Is 
centred in him, determines to engnge with Aeneas in single combat, 
and sends a message to him to that effect (1-106). Aeneas with delight 
accepts the challenge, and an agreement is made between the two 
armies, and sanctioned by an oath (107-215). By the wiles of Juno, 
however, the treaty is violated, the augur Telumnius having wounded 
a hero on the Trojan side (216-276). Both parties rush to arms, and 
Aeneas while endeavoring to restrain his men is wounded by an unseen 
hand, and obliged to retire from the battle-field (277-323). Turnus 
takes advantage of the absence of his rival from the fight, to slay great 
numbers of the Trojans and their allies (324-382). But meanwhile 
Venus plucks an herb from the Cretan Ida, and heals her son, who now 
recruited in strength returns to the conflict and loudly calls on Turnus 
to fulfil his former engagement (383-445). Turnus, however, is kept 
away by his sister Juturna from that part of the field where Aeneas is 
known to be, and Aeneas being unable to find him slays many of those 
whom chance opposed to him, and commences an assault on the city 
(446-592). Turnus, hearing that Amata has in her despair committed 
suicide, and seeing that matters have come to the last extremity, renews 
his challenge to Aeneas (593-696). In the combat Aeneas is victorious. 
He is about to spare his prostrate foe, when he sees on his shoulder the 
baldric of the Arcadian Pallas, and, furious with wrath, he slays the 
slayer of his friend (696-952). 

" The fates of the combatants have been balanced by Jupiter, and 
we know that in a short time the only obstacle that keeps Aeneas from 
his destined empire will be removed by Turnus's death. Yet that brief 
space only serves to intensify our interest for the doomed man ; our 
wishes lend him wings as he is flying for his life, and calling by name 
on each of his terrified comrades ; and we echo the agonized prayer in 
which he implores the gods of his native land to hold fast Aeneas's 
spear. We follow Turnus through the few remaining stages of helpless 
effort, dreamy bewilderment, and final overthrow, feeling that till he is 
dead we can spare no thoughts for the conqueror and the fruits of hia 
vietcry." C. 

(394) 



book xii. 395 

Turnus is only conquered at the last by "an array of supernatural 
force and fraud." "Thy hot words, presumptuous man !" — he says to 
his antagonist — "daunt me not; the gods daunt me, and Jupiter my 
foe." Yet to the Romans, the destined founder of their state was — as 
a thing of course — the nobler hero, as well as his the better cause: 
Turnus falls, as fall the enemies of Rome, in fit retribution for lifting 
his hand against the favorite of heaven. Nor must we pass unnoticed 
the admirable skill with which the poet at the end changes our sym- 
pathy with the Italian hero into indignation, by calling up the image 
of the youthful Pallas, slain by his relentless hand. 

4-25. Qualis, etc., like as a lion in the fields of the Carthaginians, 
that lion (or that one) wounded, etc. llle calls attention to the noun 
(leo) to which it belongs, by (so to speak) doubling the term. Cf. I. 3, 
V. 457: IX. 796: X. 274, 707; XL 809.— Latronis, his waylay er, L e; 
the hunter. — Nihil est quod, there is no need that. — Sacra. No treaty 
nor alliance could be made without an antecedent sacrifice and prayer. 
— Crimen, reproach, (the reproach of cowardice, in consequence of their 
flight.) — Animus, u e. the disposition, and readiness, to give. — Fatu. 
H. 570; A. & S. 276, III; B. 1365; A. 303 and Rem.; G. 437, 1. 

31-53. Genero, i. e. Aeneas. — Illo, sc. tempore. "Recalet flumen, 
quod an tea gelidum fuerat; sic replemus vacua, relevamus onustum, et 
alia similiter." W. — Quo referor. Re in refer or, as in recalent, implies 
change : to what new counsels am I so often borne? — Longe. Thy father 
is too far from thee for his personal influence to be felt. — Quae tegat, 
to cover him (illi (precanti) ut ea tegat). — Sese, him. " The reflexive 
pronoun is used because the relative clause contains a prayer from the 
soul of Aeneas." L. 

67-104. The Indian ivory was the whitest. — Multa rosa, with many 
a rose. — Mater, simply as a term of respect, as pater, XL 356, 410. — 
Neque — mortis, i. e. Turnus (brave man that he is) is not free (?'. e. at 
liberty) to postpone death, (i. e. to seek to avoid it, by delay.) — Phrygio 
tyranno, i, e. to Aeneas. — Non Teucros. Non is rightly used, and not 
ne, the negation belonging to Teucros in Rutulos. Let us two fight 
alone, and not the two armies. — Qui anteirent, qui = tales ut ii. — Ha- 
bendo, for handling, for wielding. — It was thought that a sword dipped 
in the water of the Styx could neither break nor grow dull. — Vocatus, 
ace. pi. "Except in this passage, used only in the abl. sing." L. — 
Irasci in cornea, to collect his wrath for his horns, i. e. to stir up his 
passion and collect his strength in order to fight with his horns; in with 
the ace. denoting purpose. 



396 NOTES. 

115-31. LvLCem=ignem. Cf. note on V. 739.— Parabant, l". e. by lev- 
elling the ground, clearing away the bushes, etc. — The limus was an 
apron or petticoat worn by the popae. — Verbena, vervain. Originally 
a kind of grass found on the Capitol, and used by the Fetiales for 
wreaths when they proclaimed a war or ratified a treaty; afterwards 
any green branches used on religious occasions, especially laurel, olive, 
and myrtle. — Studio, in their eagerness (to see the combat). 

134-52. Prospiciens e summo tumulo, qui, etc. — When divi and dii 
are used together, the former denotes the higher divinities, the latter 
the lower. L. — Qua = quatenus, as far as. Supply quoad with Par- 
caeque. — Praesentius, more opportune, more advantageous, more helpful. 

164-72. Avi. The mother of Latinus, Marica, was identified with 
Circe, the daughter of Phoebus. — Specimen, an emblem. — Lumina, ace. 
of specification. In offering prayer or sacrifice, it was the custom to 
turn the face to the East. 

179-206. Melior, kinder, better disposed. — Latonae genus duplex, 
Apollo and Diana. — Vim — infernam = vim deorum infernorum. — Ful- 
mine. Jupiter punished violators of their oaths with his thunderbolts. 
— Medios, between the two armies. — Effundat, sc. ea vis (vis ulla).— 
Sceptrum. Cf. Horn. II. I. 234, sqq. 

218-45. Cernunt, sc. eos (Aenean ac Turnum). — Fatalisque manus. 
The Etrurians, though long hostile to Turnus for his reception of Me- 
zentius, had abstained from war in obedience to the oracles, until their 
destined leader appeared (cf. Aen. VIII. 498-504) ; and Juturna calls 
them, not without sarcasm, the hand of fate. — Alterni, etc., "if every 
second man of us engage." — Ille, Turnus. — Praesentius, more efficacious, 

252-89. Convertunt fugam, they change their flight, i. e. they return. 
— Accipio, sc. omen. — Profundo (dat.)=/?i profundum, I. 538, n.; A. & 
S. 225, IV. Rem. 2. We may, however, translate p. v. d., shall entrust 
Ms sails to the sea. — Cunei, i. c.the rows of spectators. — Laterum junc- 
turas, the two ends of the belt, fastened in front by a buckle. — Costas. 
Transadigit governs first unum and then costas, by the Greek construction 
*a$' bXov Kal Kara pfpos ; i. e. an ace. of the whole, followed by an ace. of the 
part affected. The second ace. may be explained as an ace. of specifica- 
tion. — Contra quos agmina Laurentum procurrunt. — Referens divos. 
Latinus had brought with him images of his gods, which he had set up 
at the altars. — Begem, a prince or Lar of the Etruscans. 

296-316. Hoc habet, this {wound) he has. "He's got it." An excla- 
mation used by the spectators at gladiatorial contests, when either of 
the combatants received a wound. — Faxo =fecero. The fut. perf. indi- 
cates the confidence of Aeneas that his promise will be kept. 



book xii. 397 

331-60. Hebri. Thrace (indicated by the river Hebrus) was the 
favorite haunt of Mars. — Thraca, poetical form for Thracia, from the 
Greek QpaKrj. — Alio pretio. Dolon had been promised the chariot and 
horses of Achilles, in case the Trojans should, through his means, prove 
successful. As he approached the Grecian camp, he was put to death 
by Diomedes (Tydldes). — Nee adspirat, nor does he (any longer) aspire 
for. — Inane, t\e void, i. e. the empty air. — Metire, 2. pers. sing. pres. 
imperat. of metlor. 

370-97. Adverso curru. Abl. of cause. The rapid motion of the 
car causes an opposing wind. — Frenis, at the bits. Abl. of place. — 
Altemos, etc., supporting every other step with his long spear. Aeneas 
had been wounded in one foot. — Dabat, was ready to give, offered. — 
Depositi, i. e. at the point of death; lit. laid down. It was the custom 
to lay sick people, whose recovery was despaired of, before the doors of 
their houses, in order either that they might draw their last breath on 
the ground, or that some passer-by, who had suffered from the same dis- 
ease, might perhaps suggest a remedy. Serv. — Mutas artes, the silent 
arts, those which bring no renown. The plural is used to indicate the 
variety of knowledge and skill for which the physician has occasion. 

417-40. Labris (= in labra), the lips (of the vase). — Amnem=aquam. 
— In pristina, to their former (vigor). — Avunculus. Cf. III. 343. 

456-515. Ductor Rhoeteius (i. e. Trojanus. Cf. III. 108, note), Aeneas. 
— Ipse, Aeneas. — Aedes, here a gentleman's villa in the country. — 
Aequore toto, over the whole plain. — Tanton\ Cf. III. 319, note. — 
Costas and crates, governed by trans ; ensem obj.-acc. of adigit. H. 374, 
6; A. 239, b; G. 330, 1; Z. 392.— Curru, dative.— Nomen Echionium 
(as Albanum nomen, i. e. Albanus, VI. 763), "an Echionian name," i. e. 
his name was Echionius, (i. e. the son of Echion.) W., taking nomen as 
in apposition with Oniten. Servius tr. : his renown was Theban. L. : a 
Theban name. Others still take nomen as ace. of specification.- -Genus 
—prolem. 

520-39. Munera. The great men of Rome desired nothing more 
eagerly than wars, offices, and the wealth which they expected from 
them ; these are ihepotentnm munera. W. — Virgultalauro, groves of bay. 
Lauro, abl. of material. — Hie (529), Aeneas. — Nee (534) means, as some- 
times in Cicero, not even : the rapid hoof of the horses, not even mindful 
of their lord. — Gupencus in the Sabine language means priest. Serv. 

565-72. Dictis— jusst*. — Jupiter hac stat, sc. parte. " Here, on our 

side, Jupiter stands." Hie being the demonstrative of the first person. 

-Mihi, ethical dative. — TJrbem, Laurentum. — Hoc, haec, i. e. Lauren. 

turn. The pronouns agree in gender with the predicate-nouns. H. 



398 NOTES. 

445, 4 ; A. & S. 206 (8). — Summa, the centre; the point on which the 
war hinges. 

616-48. Minus — equorum, less fortunate in the success of his horse* 
(lit. less happy); his horses becoming fatigued. — Numero, in the num 
her {of the slain). — Fallis dea, dost thou seek to escape (my observa 
tion, as being) a goddess, i. e. dost thou conceal thy divinity. — Usque, 
etc., is it indeed so very miserable a thing to die t These words were 
quoted by Nero, when hesitating about putting himself to death. — 
Culpae, i. e. dishonorable flight. 

659-94. Tui fi.(iissima.=tibijidissima. "A novel construction, after 
the analogy of tui studiosissima, amantissima." H. 399, 1 ; A. & S. 213. — 
E rotis, (671)=e curm. — Vertex, a pointed blaze. — Turrim. A movable 
tower within the walls, which Turnus had caused to be built for defence. 
■ — Fata. Turnus draws an omen of his own death from the destruction 
of the tower which he himself built. — Stat, etc., I am determined, by 
enduring death, to suffer whatever bitterness there is (in death). — 
Furorem, cognate ace — Mons, i. e. montis saxum ; improbus, ungov- 
ernable; \aa$ avaihfis. "The unptitying rock," Con. — VeriuS (est) etc., 
it is more just (cf. Hor., Ep. I. 7, 9S) that I alone should atone for the 
(brolcen) treaty, eta. 

727-43. ( Utpateat) quem labor (=pugna) damnet (=destinet morti). — 
Hie, noio, (while Jupiter is weighing their destinies). — Et ferit. The 
caesura after this dactyle (the first foot), and the following sentence, 
JExclamant Troes, etc., strikingly depict the suspense of the mind between 
expectation and fear. "W. — Deserit, ni fuga, deserts him, (and would 
leave him to perish), did not flight, etc. — Arma dei Vulcania, i. e. arma 
dei Vulcani. — IncertOS. He knew not whither they led. 

753-85. The Umbrian and Laconian hounds were excellent hunting- 
dogs. — Laurenti divo, Faunus. — Nullo discrimine, i.e. making no 
distinction between it and a common tree. — Morsus. "The two sides 
of the split wood grasp the head of the spear like a, forceps." — Dea 
Daunia, Juturna. 

791-836. Omnipotentis. Olympus is called omnipotent, as the res- 
idence of omnipotent Jupiter. — Indigetem. Indigetes are heroes of a 
country, honored after their death as protecting deities of the land. Cf. 
Liv. I. 2, 5. — Et, connecting this clause with the preceding so as to 
make one whole, continues the negation. Tr. nor. — Deformare, sc. luctu. 
Cf. line 603. — Nee — videres, nor (were thy will unknown to me) wouldst 
thou see. — Ligna indigna, t. e. anything whatever. The Romans were 
fond of asyndeton in the case of opposites ; e. g. velim nolim, bona mala, 
honesta turpia, fanda nefanda, aequa iniqua. — Superstitio, etc., the 



book xii. 399 

only binding oath which is made for the gods above. "Reddita for facta 
est, therefore quae est, and nothing more." H. — Tuorum. Latinus 
derived his origin from Saturnus, the father of Juno, who had reigned 
in Latium. — Leges, the terms or conditions of the treaty. — Es germana, 
etc. Both Jupiter and Saturn were passionate and irascible. — Subsi- 
deilt, shall sink, subside, i. e. lose their identity and be concealed. 

845-85. Geminae pestes, Aiecto and Tisiphone. — Apparent, attend, 
watt to serve. — In omen, as an omen. — Per nubem. "W. thinks that 
here, and in celeres umbras, allusion is made to the Parthians sending 
their arrows unseen through the mist on cloudy days. — Dnrae, the 
much-enduring. — Possem. The omitted protasis is, had I not been made 
immortal. — M.eovum=mearum rerum. - Tantum, i. e. nee plus. — Caput — ■ 
amictu, a sign of grief. 

892-952. Tete, from tute. — Antiquum, i. e. " time-worn and gray." 
Con.; y&ov ni\ava, Horn. II. 21, 404. — Currentem (to get the stone), 
euntem (against the enemy). — Nee se COgnoscit, he does not recognize 
himself, i. e. he feels the want of his accustomed vigor. — Lapis viri, 
t. e. the stone which the hero threw. — Vacuum inane, the empty void, 
i. e. the air. — Neque pertulit ictum, nor brought home the blow. A. Cf. 
X. 786. — Sensus, purposes. — Fortunam, "t. e. a place-where the wound 
might be given ; so we say ' a chance.' " — Murali tormento, i. e. from 
a ballista, a military engine which shot large stones, and was used for 
shattering the walls of cities. — Loricae. " Around the lower edge of 
the cuirass were attached straps, four or five inches long, of leather cov- 
ered with small plates of metal. These straps served in part for ornament, 
and partly also to protect the lower region of the body." Hence we can 
understand how the spear, passing through the border of the corselet, 
should pierce Turnus through the thigh. — Incidit, etc. Turnus falls 
on his bent knee. — Cum gemitu. Cf. Horn. II. XXII. 361-3. 

On the death of Turnus, the conditions of the treaty (XII. 187 sqq.) 
are fulfilled: having obtained the hand of Lavinia, Aeneas unites the 
Trojans to the Latin state and name, founds a new city, Lavinium, and 
secures for himself the right of succession to his father-in-law in the 
kingdom: and thus he gains his destined home in Italy, and "brings 
his gods into Latium." From B. 




METRICAL INDEX. 



)^<^ 



After thoroughly learning H. 671-675 and 608-669, or A. & S. 310 
and 282-309, the student will be prepared to study and enjoy the ex- 
quisite metre of Virgil. The well-known lines, — 

" Strongly it | bears us a | long, in | swelling and | limitless | billows, 
Nothing be | fore, and | nothing be | hind, but the | sky and the | ocean," — * 

but shadow forth one phase of the manifold capacities of the heroic 
measure which Virgil employs with equal success to produce effects the 
most diverse. 

The chief difficulties in scanning the Aeneid (which have not been 
already explained in the Notes) are solved in the following table. For 
explanation of technical terms, consult the Grammar by the aid of the 
Index : for elision see synaloejiha ; for lengthening of the syllable in the 
arsis, see arsis and diastole, and A. & S. 309, (1.) See also my Remarks 
at the end of this Index, with reference to Arsis, Hiatus (or non-elision 
of a vowel before an other vowel), and other points worthy of notice. Syn- 
apheia is "such a connection of two consecutive verses that the first syl- 
lable of the latter verse has an influence on the final syllable of that 
which precedes, either by position, synaloepha, or echthlipsis." 

BOOK I. 

73. Connu. | bid jun | . Io pr. yo by synaeresis. — 120. Jam valid* I 
Ilio | net na | . Net, one syl., by synaeresis. — 131. vo | cat d'hinc \ 
Dehinc one syl., by elision. — 195. quae | deinde ca | . Synaeresis. — 
256. na | tae d'hinc \ . See 131.— 308. vid | et homi | . Final sylla- 
ble lengthened by the arsis. — 332-3. 15 | corum | qu'Erra | mus. Syna- 

* Schiller, translated by Coleridge. 

( 400 ) 



METRICAL INDEX. 401 

pheia and elision.— 405. it dea | III'. Final vowel saved from elision by 
the pause.— 448-9. nexae | qu'&re tra | . Synapheia, see 332.-478. 
piil | vis in | via lengthened by arsis.— 611. Ilio | lira pet | ne long, ac- 
cording to the Ionic dialect ('iAiowfa).— 617. Dardani | 6 An | o final not 
elided. See note on line 16 (p. 284). Spondaic verse. H. 672, 3; A. 
& S. 310, 1. — 651. pete | ret in | ret lengthened by arsis. — 668. 
jacte | turodi | Arsis long.— 698. Aurea | Synaeresis.— 726. | aurew | 
Synaeresis. 

BOOK II. 

16. | ab^te | Ie pr. ye by synaeresis. — 264. Mene j laus et | . . 
E | peos | ; e, for the Greek diphthong ei. — 411. r'obnii | mur ori | 
mur lengthened by arsis. — 442. | parieti. See 16. — 492. | ar&tS. 
See 16. — 563. do | mus et | Arsis long. — 745-6. de | oriim | ju'Aut 
Synapheia. — 774. Obstupil. | I stefe | Systole. 

BOOK III. 

48. stetcrunt Systole. — 74. ma | tr% et | Neptu \ no M \ . Final 
vowels not elided. — 91. Limina | que lau | Arsis long. — 112. ne | mus 
hinc | , -mus lengthened by arsis. — 122. Idome | wea du. | ne long, ac- 
cording to the Ionic dialect. — 136. Connu | 6ns ar | bus pr. by is by 
synaeresis. — 211. Insiilae | Ioni* | lae shortened, imitating the Greek 
mode. — 212. Harpjrt | aeque co | yi a Greek diphthong. — 464. Dona 
de | . . . gravi | a sec | Behinc, here a dissyllable, though usually a 
monosyllable,* a lengthened by arsis. — 475. Anchi | sd Vene | Arsis 
long. — 504. ca | sus u | Arsis long. — 578. sem | iTistum | Ius pr. yus } 
by synaeresis. — 602. e | rit. Scid \ Synaeresis. — 606. pere | o homi | 
o not elided. — 681. Constife | runt. Systole. 




64. Pect5ri j toinhi | Arsis long. — 126. Connu | bio. Bio -pr. as ouq 
syllable r byt)hy synaeresis. — 168. Connu | bits. See 126. — 222. allo- 
qui | tur ac Arsis lengthened. — 235. qua | sjpe in! | e not elided. — 
26 Vir. 



402 METRICAL INDEX. 

302. Thft&s uV | yi, a Greek diphthong (pr. wi).— 558-9. co | lorem | 
</«'Et Synapheia. — 629-30. ne | potes | qu l Haec Synapheia. — 667. 
femine | 6 uiu | . See 235. — 686. Semmiiimemque. Ian, pr, yan by 
synaeresis. 

BOOK V. 

261. sub | Ilio | o not elided. 

269. taentls | iis pr. yis by synaeresis. — 284. da | tur opeY | Arsis 
lengthened. — 337. Eiirya | lus et | . See 284. — 352. Kureis Synaeresis. 
— 422.1a | certos | qu'~Ex Synapheia. — 432. Genualab | Pr. Genwa, as a 
dissyllable, by synaeresis. — 521. pat | erarc ] Arsis long. — 589. Par?eti | 
bus yet by synaeresis. — 663. ab?'ete Synaeresis. — 697. sem | nlsta ma | 
Synaeresis. — 735. col | 6 hue | o not elided. — 753. ru. | dentes | qu'l&x 
Synapheia. 

826. Nlssee Spioque Thaliaque Cymodoceque. — 853. qu'a | mitftS | 
bdt ocii | Arsis lengthened, 

BOOK VI. 

33. I omnia \ nia one syllable, pr. nya by synaeresis. — 126. An- 
chisia | da faci | Arsis lengthened. — 201. fau | ces grav' o \ . Elision. 
— 280. Ferret \ A spondee, by synaeresis. — 287. Bria | reus ac | 
cw, a diphthong. — 289. | H&rpyi \ yi, a diphthong. — 412. | a\ved | A 
spondee, by synaeresis. — 507. ser | vant te a | e (a long vowel in the 
middle of the thesis) shortened, imitating the Greek. — 602-3. ca I 
denti | qu'Im Synapheia.— 653. | curruum \ A spondee, by synaeresis. 
Many MSS. read currum.— 678. osten | tat d'hinc \ Synaeresis. — 768. 
i^iimi | tor et | Arsis lengthened. 



)>^o^ 



BOOK YII. 

33. | sdveo | Pr. alv-yo, by synaeresis. — 96. connu | bTis na | Synae- 
resis.— 160-1. La | tino | r'Ar Synapheia. — 174. e | rat; hoc | Arsis 
lengthened. — 175. | zriete \ Pr. ar-yet-e. — 178. ce | dro Ita | o not 
elided.— 186. | que clTpe | Arsis lengthened.— 190. Aur»^ | Synaeresis. 



METRICAL INDEX. 403 

— 226. Ocea | no et | si qu'ex. See 178. — 237. pre | cantia | t«, pr. 
ya by synaeresis. — 249. Ilio | nei die | Synaefesis. — 253. Connu | bio. 
See line 96. — 262. | deerit | Synaeresis. — 303. | abeo. See line 33. 

— 333. Connu | biis. See line 96.-389. Euoe {f.voX), Two diphthongs. 

— 398. ca | nit hyme | Arsis lengthened. — 470-1. La | tinis | ^u'Haec 
Synapheia. — 609. Cent* ae | re* elau | aerei, a dissyllable, by synae- 
resis.- — 631. tiirrige | roe an | No elision. — 769. Paeon | %is revo | Ii§ 
pr. yis by synaeresis. 

oo^o* 

BOOK VIII. 

98. pro | cut ac | Arsis lengthened. — 194. Semihomi | nls Pr. sen.- 
yom-i.— 228. omnem | g^'Ac Synapheia. — 292. Eiirys | theofa \ Synae- 
resis. — 298. Ty | phoRws (Tvtyuzvs) ens diphthong.- — 363. siibi | it 
haec | Arsis lengthened. — 372. | aur^o | Synaeresis. — 383. | Nerei | 
Synaeresis. — 553. | aureis | Synaeresis. — 599. abiete | Synaeresis. 



>«=© : > c 



BOOK IX. 

9. pe | tit Ev | Arsis lengthened. — 32. | alveo | . See VII. 33.— 
291. tu | i au | i not elided. — 477. femine | 5 iilu | o not elided. — 480. 
d'hinc Synaeresis. — 501. Ilio | net monit* | Synaeresis. — 569. Ilio | 
neus sax | , eu a diphthong. — 610. fatiga | 7nus has | Arsis lengthened. — 
647. Dardani | 6 An | o not elided.— 650-1. co | lorem | qu'Et Syna- 
pheia. — 674. Abieti \ bus Synaeresis. — 716. Ty | phoco, eo contracted 
by synaeresis. 

BOOK X. 

18. o homi | The interjection is never elided. — 51. Amathws, -ovq in 
Greek. — 67. peti | it auc | Arsis long. — 116. aum> Synaeresis. — 129. 
Me | nesf^eo Synaeresis. — 136. bux | 6 aut | o not elided. — 141. do | 
mo iibi ] o not elided.— 156. du | Qi M \ neia | i not elided. — 334. stete- 
runt Systole. — 378. Deest jam | Synaeresis. — 383. da | bathes \ Arsis. 
— 394. ca put Ev | Arsis. — 396. Semiani | mes Synaeresis. — 402, 
Rhoeteiis. A dissyllable. — 404. See 396. — 433. si | nit hinc | Arsia 



404 METRICAL INDEX. 

— 487. Un'ea | dem Synaeresis, sari | guts ani | Arsis. — 496. | bdltet | 
Synaeresis -720. profu. | gus hyme | Arsis. — 764. Nerei Synaeresis. 
— 781-2. caelum | qu'As Synapheia. — 872. a | mor et | Arsis. — 895-6. 
La | tin! | qu'Ad. Synapheia. 

BOOK XL 

31. ParrhasI | 6 Ev | o not elided. — 69. languen | tis hya | Arsis. — 
111. Ora | tis equl | Arsis. — 200. se | mwstaque | Synaeresis. — 262. 
Pro | teiMene | Synaeresis. — 268. Idome | neiLlbf | Synaeresis. — 323. 
a | mor et | Arsis. — 383. Proinde to | Synaeresis. — 469. pa | ter et | 
Arsis. — 480. tan | ti ocu. | i not elided. See note on I. 16, (page 284.) 
— 609-10. fu | rentes | qu'Ex Synapheia. — 635. Serma»i | mes Syn- 
aeresis. — 667. abiete Synaeresis. — 890. Ar/ctat Synaeresis. 



ck>x*;oo 

BOOK XII. 

13. pa | ter et | Arsis. — 31. gener | o arm | o not elided. — 68. e | bur 
ant | Arsis. — 83. Ori | ihyisi A Greek word. — 84. ant' | irent | Elision. 

— 232. ma | nus in | Arsis. — 356. Semiani | mi Synaeresis. — 363. 
Chlorea | que Syba | Arsis. — 401. Paeo | ni'in mo | Synaeresis. — 422. 
do | lor om | Arsis. — 535. t'Hyl | \o ani | o not elided. — 541. | aer«t | 
Dissyllable, by synaeresis. — 550. domi | tor et | Arsis. — 648. ani | ma 
at | qu'istius | a not elided, and lengthened by arsis. — 688. a | mor 
et | Arsis. — 706. | ar/cte | Synaeresis. — 772. sta | bat hue | Arsis. — 
821. connii | bTis Synaeresis. — 847. Un'eo | Synaeresis. — 883. § | 
rit o j Arsis. | alta de \ e shortened before i, h being only a breathing. 

— 905. Genva la | . Synaeresis. 




REMARKS 

UPON SOME POINTS OF 

CLASSICAL VEKSIFICATIOK 

I. Quantity and Accent. 

The structure of Verse, in Latin and Greek, is founded on tha 
different quantity of the syllables, as long or short ; in English, 
on the contrary, and other modern languages, the laws of versi- 
fication refer to the accentuation or non-accentuation of the syl- 
lable. Even in the prose pronunciation of Greek and Latin, the 
accent, while carefully observed, was quite subordinate, and is 
never named in speaking of rhetorical euphony, while, on the 
other hand, the distinction of quantity was distinctly and strongly 
marked ; in poetry, accordingly, the verse was audibly distin- 
guished by the alternation of the long and short syllables. As it 
is not possible for us, either in prose or verse, to pronounce the 
words according to their quantity with such precision and in 
such a way as the ancients did, we cannot recite their poetry cor- 
rectly, but are forced to give their verses a certain resemblance 
to ours by laying an accent on the Arsis ; whereas the ancients 
simply indicated the arsis by the length of the syllable, not raising 
the voice, but only prolonging the sound. 

While in the recitation of verse the metrical intonation pre- 
dominated, it did not entirely suppress the ordinary accent of 
words. Even now a delicate ear can often feel a subtile beauty 
in the relations, in ancient poetry, of the subordinate effects of 
accent with the metrical beat of the line ; and even in English read- 
ing of Greek or Latin verse, the best method combines a primary 
regard for the rhythm with a certain attention to the accent. 

(405) 



40G CLASSICAL VERSIFICATION. 

n. The Heroic Hexameter. 

From its sustained and continuous flow, the dactylic hexam- 
eter is the verse best adapted to a uniformly progressive exhi- 
bition of events, and is therefore used in narrative (or epic) 
poems, and in didactic poems, satires, and poetical epistles. 

HI. Caesura and Caesural Pause. 

The beauty of an hexameter line depends very much upon the 
proper observance of the caesural pause in recitation. The 
pause most natural and most common is that in the third foot. 
A pause in the fourth, however, is considered as a beauty, 
when, at the same time, there is a less considerable caesura in 
the second foot ; e. g. 

Italiam | fato profugus || Laviniaque venit. 

Caesura itself greatly contributes to the euphonic flow of the 
verse. The student will grow familiar with its varieties by his 
own observation, aided by his grammar. I may call attention 
to the effect of "the seeming contest between the words and the 
verse" which appears in the foot-caesuras in such lines as the 
following : 

Una sa | lus vie I tis mil | lam spe | rare sa | lutein. 

A pause of sense often determines for us the principal caesura, 
to be observed in recitation. 

The expression of the verse is affected by the place of the 
caesura. In general, the earlier caesuras give to the verse more 
vivacity ; the later, more gravity. 

The first foot of each verse (says W.) is fitted for strong and 
emphatic expressions, because at the beginning of a line, when 
we have taken a fresh supply of breath, we use a full and pow- 
erful voice, which, if not roused anew, falls away in the middle 
and end of the verse. We must take care, therefore, that we do 
not diminish this force of the voice, which would be the result 
did we make a pause after the first foot. Sometimes, however, 
the very harshness of the incision* in this place lends vigor and 
expressiveness to the verse, as Aen. I. 135, Quos ego ; and IY, 
237, Naviget! A pause after a spondee in the first foot is 

* See note p. 409. 



CLASSICAL VERSIFICATION. 407 

rugged and inelegant; it may be used, however, to lay great 
emphasis on the spondaic word, as Aen. III. 636, Ingens. 

IV. Lengthening of a Syllable by tlie Arsis* 

The so-called lengthening by the arsis, rests, as a tolerated 
license, on the circumstance, that in defined places in certain 
verses the reader expects and requires a long syllable, and hence if 
the poet, within certain limits, allows himself to use a short one, 
is not misled by it, but modifies the pronunciation of the syllable 
in "respect of the quantity in such a way, that the requirements 
of the verse are in a manner satisfied. This license therefore is 
analogous to the occasional accentuation of unaccented syllables 
in modern verse. It is not frequent, except in the short final 
syllable of dissyllabic or polysyllabic words ending in a conso- 
nant, and especially when the force of the arsis is aided by the 
principal caesura of the verse. Final syllables ending in a vowel 
are much less frequently u lengthened" by the arsis. This 
occurs often, however, with the enclitic -que in the second (or 
fourth) foot of the hexameter, commonly supported by the 
caesura. Short monosyllabic words are never lengthened by 
the arsis. M. and Z. 

V. Hiatus. 

Virgil allows himself an hiatus, {%. e. forbears to elide a vowel 
before another vowel,) first, in the arsis of the second, third, 
fourth, or fifth foot, especially in proper names followed by a 
mark of punctuation or when the same vowel is the initial of the 
following word ; secondly, in the thesis, when in accordance with 
Greek precedents a long vowel or diphthong is shortened, especially 
in the case of proper names and interjections : with short vowels 
in the thesis, hiatus occurs only before a strong mark of punc- 
tuation (e. g. Aen. I. 405). 

Hiatus in Virgil is often found in those lines which are formed 
on a Greek model, i. e. y those which terminate in a quadrisyllable, 
(and this, moreover, is frequently of Greek origin,) or which 
have a spondaic ending. This is to be attributed to the poet's 
fonlness for imitating his great masters. — L. and W. 
ff Sec note, p. 409. 



408 CLASSICAL VERSIFICATION. 

VI. Synizesis or Synaeresis. 

Synizesis (or Synaeresis) occurs in Virgil much less frequently 
than in the earlier Roman poets. Except in proper names, he 
uses it chiefly with ee (as in the different forms of the verb deesse), 
ei (as ferret, anteireni), eo (as alveo, aureo) ; seldom with ea (as 
aurea, ocreas). 

The ancient grammarians referred to synizesis the cases where 
i and u pass over into the consonants/ and v (pronounced like the 
English y and w) and lengthen the preceding syllable: e g. par- 
jetibus, dbjete, omnja, fluvjorum, genva, tenvis. In the case of verbs, 
the only instances in Virgil are precantja (Aen. VII. 237) and 
arjetat (Aen. XI. 890). A contraction of uu occurs in curruum 
(Aen. VI. 653), and, according to some editors, in man&m (manuum) 
Aen. VII. 490. 

VII. Tmesis. 

Tmesis is the separation of the component parts of a compound 
word by an intervening word or words. It may be resorted to 
from metrical considerations. In Virgil, with the exception of 
terms and dissyllabic prepositions which may be used adver- 
bially, (as super, circum, and praeter,) it occurs only in the separa- 
tion of a preposition by an appended -que from the word of which 
it is a part, e. g. inque salutatam (Aen. IX. 288). 

VIII. Hypermeter Verses. 

Virgil sometimes introduces a line containing a syllable beyond 
the number requisite for the metre ; this syllable, however, ends 
in a vowel or in m preceded by a vowel, and is elided before the 
initial vowel of the following line. Such lines are sometimes 
effective as denoting that the speaker is carried on beyond bounds 
by his excitement, or breaks off leaving something still unsaid ; 
or simply as giving an emphatic ending to the sentence. See 
note on Aen. IV. 629 (page 354,) and cf. VII. 470. In the Georgics I. 
295, the boiling over of a liquid is described in an hypermeter verse. 

Ennius was fond of hypermeter lines ; and Virgil may have 
used them partly on account of their archaic sound. 



CLASSICAL VERIFICATION. 409 

Archaic Forms. 

Virgil makes a moderate and judicious use of a few archaio 
forms, the charm of which to the Roman reader we can assist 
ourselves in appreciating by calling to mind similar instances in 
our own poets. Such are the forms ast, quianam, vel quum (Aen. 
XI. 406), ni (for ne, Aen. III. 685), olli (for illi), ollis, the genitive 
in at, dii for diei, the dative in u, the inf. pass, in ier, fuat, faxo, 
jusso, the omission of the vowel in short syllables, as in repostus, 
periclum, aspris, and the conjugation of verbs in accordance with 
the forms of the third (as the oldest and original) conjugation, as 
lavere (for lavdre), fervere (for fervere), fulgere, stridere, potitur. 

These archaisms are often introduced from the exigences of 
the metre. 

Note to I III. 

Incision is the coincidence of the end of the foot with the end of 
the word. 

Note to I IV. 

In many cases the final syllables, whose quantity is ordinarily ex- 
plained as "lengthened by the arsis," were originally long, and are so 
found in the older poets, particularly Ennius. 




INDEX OF PKOPER NAMES. 

*** This Index is designed to give additional information to that contained is 
the Notes and in Andrews's Lexicon. 

Some names are omitted, as sufficiently explained by the context in the poem 
itself; (e. g. Aventinus, VII. 657 ;) others, taken from Homer or coined by Yirgil, 
as of no historical or literary importance. 

The student will remember that ae (as in Aeneas) and oe (as in Boeotia, 
Coeus) are pronounced like e t when we read the names in translation. 

Abella, a city of Campania, N. E. of Nola. 

Acestes. I. 195, V. 38, notes. 

Acheron, a river of the lower world (VI. 295, note); used sometimes 
for the lower world itself, sometimes for the infernal gods and the manes. 

Achilles. I. 99, note. The Homeric tradition represents Achilles as 
slain in the battle at the Scaean gate, before Troy was taken. Virgil 
(VI. 57) makes Apollo direct the weapon of Paris which caused his 
death, in accordance with the prediction of the dying Hector (Iliad, 
xxii. 359 sq.) 

Adrastus having given one of his daughters in marriage to Tydeus 
of Calydon, another to Polynices of Thebes, both fugitives from their 
native lands, promised to lead each of these princes back to his own 
country. Hence arose the celebrated war of the "Seven against 
Thebes." Of the seven heroes, Virgil mentions Adrastus, Partheno- 
paeus, and Tydeus (VI. 479 sq.) The war was unsuccessful, and Adras- 
tus was the sole survivor of the seven. 

Aegaeon, called by the gods Bri-a-reus; a giant, with a hundred 
arms and fifty heads; son of Uranus (Caelus) and Gaea (Terra). Pos- 
sibly Virgil (VI. 287) is to be understood as giving him a hundred 
heads. He and his brothers must be regarded as personifications of the 
extraordinary powers of nature, such as those which produce earth- 
quakes and volcanic eruptions. 

Aeneas. Old traditions, differing somewhat from Virgil's story, rep- 
resent that, after Aeneas had founded Lavinium, a new war followed 
between Latinus and Turnus, in which both chiefs fell, whereupon 

(410) 



INDEX OF PROPER NAMES. 411 

ieneas became sole ruler of the Aborigines and Trojans, and both 
nations were united into one. Soon after this Aeneas was slain in a 
battle with the Rutulians, who were assisted by Mezentius, King of the 
Etruscans. As his body was not found after the battle, it was believed 
that it had been carried up to heaven, or that he had perished in the 
river Numicius. 

The fulfilment of Dido's imprecations (IV. 612-620) is thus stated by 
Conington: "Aeneas does meet with opposition (Book VII); he has to 
leave Ascanius in the camp and entreat aid from Evander (Books VIII 
and IX); the final peace involves concessions to the Latins and the 
extinction of the Trojan name (Book XII) ; while his death, according 
to one legend, happened when he had reigned only three years, and his 
body, if not left 'media arena/ did not meet with burial." And yet 
Aeneas's career after reaching Italy would have been felt to be, upon 
the whole, "a prosperous one." 

The story of Aeneas is not to be considered as historically true. He 
is himself "tne personified idea of the common origin of the people of 
Latium and all the places which he is said to have founded," in all of 
which the Idaean Venus was worshipped. 

Agrippa, M. Vipsanius, commanded the fleet of Augustus at the 
battle of Actium ; the victory was mainly owing to his skill. 

Aloidae. Otus and Ephialtes, who, when they were nine years old, 
measured each nine cubits in breadth and twenty-seven in height. They 
threatened the Olympian gods with war, and attempted to pile Ossa 
upon Olympus and Pelion upon Ossa, but were slain by Apollo. 

Anchemolus, son of llhoetus king of the Marrubii. 

Ancus (Marcius), fourth king of Rome. 

Antenoridae. The three sons of Antenor (VI. 484) were Poly bus, 
Agenor, and Acamas. The two latter were among the bravest of the 
Trojans {Iliad, xi. 59). 

Araxes, a river in Armenia Major, (now the Eraakli or Aras,) pro- 
verbial for the force of its current. Virgil says, pontem indignatua 
Araxes, with special reference to the failure of both Xerxes and Alex- 
ander in throwing a bridge over it. 

Bri-a-reus. See Aegaeon. 

Caeculus, the builder of Praeneste; "found on the hearth," and 
deemed the son of Vulcan. Name allied with Kai<a. [Preller.] 

Caieta, written Oajeta in Lex. 

Cato. The Censor (VI. 841). — Uticensis (VIII. 670.) 

Cerberus, the three-headed dog that guarded the entrance of the 
ower world. 



412 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES. 

Coeus was one of the Titans, sons of Heaven and Earth. a Virgil 
seems (IV. 179) to confuse Titans and Giants, Enceladus being a Giant; 
though he may merely mean that Fame, like the Titans and the Gi&ats, 
was the offspring of Earth." 

CureSj a town of the Sabines, birthplace of Numa Pompilius, fche 
second king of Rome. 

Erulus, or Herilus, king of Praeneste, and son of Feronia, who gave 
him three lives. 

Evander. Preller considers this name ("the good man ") as a Greek 
adaptation of the Latin Faunus, " the good, the favorable one/' (from 
faveo, as Faustus, Faustulus, Favonius.) 

Falisci. See Halaesus. In VII. 695, I follow Serv., L., R., Con., 
Hoffmann, Peerlkamp, in considering aequos as no part of the proper 
name, but as signifying " the just." 

Gradivus, an epithet of Mars from his impetuous stride in battle. 

Halaesus, or Falesus, the founder of the Falisci, and of the city 
Falerii. He was the son of a soothsayer, and the ally of Turnus, and 
was slain by Evander. He came to Italy from Argos, whence he is 
called Agamemnonius, Atrides, or Argolicus. Virgil brings him from 
Campania, so that it is not unlikely that the Greek fathers of the 
Falisci settled first in that part of Italy. 

Hecate, an ancient Thracian divinity, and a Titan, was at length 
confounded and identified with several other divinities, (as Ceres, Pro- 
serpina, and Diana,) and became a mystic goddess. With functions in 
heaven, earth, and Hades, she was particularly a deity of the lower 
world. She ruled over the souls of the departed, and was the goddess 
of purifications and expiations. By night, she sent from Hades all 
kinds of demons and phantoms. She taught sorcery and magic arts. 
Stygian dogs accompanied her, and her approach is announced by their 
howling. 

Hicetaonius, son of Hicetaon. 

Ilium, Ilion, or Ilios, another name for Troja. The name ("city 
of Ilus") was said to be derived from Ilus, the reputed founder of the 
city, and the name Troy ("city of Tros ") from that of Tros, his father. 

Janiculum, a fortress erected by Janus on the Mons Janiculus, a 
high hill on the right bank of the Tiber, much higher than any of the 
hills of the city proper; (not "one of the seven hills of Rome," as 
Andrews wrongly says in his Lex.) 

Marcellus, M. Claudius, (VI. 855,) the conqueror of Syracuse. He 
distinguished himself in the war with the Gauls, and slew with his own 
hand their king, Britomartus or Viridomarus, thus gaining the spolia 



INDEX OF PROPER NAMES. 413 

opima, — (a term applied to those spoils only which a commander-in- 
chief of a Roman army stripped in a field of battle from the leader of 
the foe.) He was slain in a battle with Hannibal near Venusia. A 
brave warrior, called from his impetuous valor "the sword of the 
Romans," as Fabius, on the other hand, was called their " shield." 

Marcellus, M. Claudius, (VI. 860-886,) son of C. Marcellus and of 
Octavia, the sister of Augustus, was born B. C. 43. Augustus, who 
had probably destined him as his successor, adopted him as his son 
in 25, and at the same time gave him his daughter Julia in marriage. 
His premature death, in the twentieth year of his age, was mourned as 
a public calamity; such promise had he given of future excellence. 
Augustus himself pronounced the funeral oration over his remains, 
which were deposited in a mausoleum lately erected for the Julian family. 

Nysa, or Nyssa, the legendary scene of the nurture of Dionysus or 
Bacchus. In VI. 805, a supposed mountain in India, near which was 
a city of like name. 

Oechalia. There were five towns of this name in Greece, each of 
which claimed to have been the residence of Eurytus, who was con- 
quered by Hercules. K. 0. Mtiller thinks that the Oechalia in Thessaly 
was the city of the original fable. 

Phaethon, after much importunity, was intrusted by his father 
Helios (or Apollo, in the Roman poets) with the chariot of the sun for 
one day; but being too weak to check the horses, they rushed out of 
their usual track, and came so near the earth as to parch the soil of 
Libya, turn the Ethiopians black, and nearly set the world on fire. To 
avert such a calamity, Jupiter struck him with a thunderbolt, and he 
fell lifeless into the Po. 

Phlegyas set fire to the temple at Delphi, for which offence he was 
slain by the arrows of Apollo, and punished in the lower world. 

Phorbas (V. 842), a son of Priam, killed during the Trojan war by 
Menelaus. 

Phrygia, in Virgil, is applied to Phrygia on the Hellespont, or 
Phrygia Minor. 

Quirinus, the Sabine Mars, ancestral god of Cures and its citizens, 
the Quirites, as was the Alban Mars of the first Romans on the Palatine 
hill. The name is afterwards identified with the deified Romulus, whom 
in Virgil it always denotes. It is derived from quiris or cutis, a Sabine 
word meaning a spear, which was the symbol both of the Sabine and 
the Latin Mars. (So Pott, Mommsen, Preller. On the other hand, 
Lange and G. Curtius refer it to the same root as curia and the Greek 
t&posf idpios, etc.) 



414 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES. 

Rhoeteum, a promontcry, or rather a rocky headland, in Mysia op 
Troas, at the entrance of the Hellespont, north of Ilion. 

Sai-mo-neus built the town of Salmone in Elis. He deemed himself 
equal to Jupiter, and ordered sacrifices to be offered to himself. To 
imitate the thunder, he used to drive his brazen chariot over a brazen 
bridge, and darted burning torches on every sid.e to represent lightning. 
For his fate, see VI. 585 sqq. 

Scaea porta, the Scaean gate of Troy, which led to the camp of the 
Greeks. The origin of this name (lit. the left gate) is unknown, 
" though it may have reference to tbe manner in which the signs in the 
heavens were observed ; for, during this process, the priest turned his 
face to the north, so that the north-west would be on his left hand." 

Sibylla. The connection of the Sibyls with Apollo, the noblest of 
false gods, is noteworthy. 

Tarquinius Prisons, the fifth king, and Tarquinius Superbus, the 
seventh king of Rome. The two are alluded to, VI. 817; reference is 
made to Tarquinius Superbus, VIII. 646. 

Theseus descended to the lower world in company with his friend 
Pirithoiis, to aid the latter in his attempt to seize Proserpina and carry 
her away as his bride. The two were seized by Pluto and fastened to 
a rock ; or Theseus was made to sit on an enchanted chair which would 
not allow him to rise. According to the ordinary legend, Hercules 
released Theseus, when he visited the shades ; Virgil (VI. 617) pur- 
posely varies the story, or follows another legend. 

Tibur (the modern Tivoli) is of the neut. gender. Andrews (Lex.) 
calls it masc, — a misprint. 

Vergilius, P., Maro, was born B. C. 70, in the first consulship of Cn. 
Pompeius Magnus and M. Licinius Crassus. His friend, the poet Hor- 
ace, was born B. C. 65 j and Octavianus Caesar, afterwards the Emperor 
Augustus, and his patron, in B. C. 63, in the consulship of M. Tullius 
Cicero. 

At the time when Virgil was born, Cisalpine Gaul (in which his 
native village lies) was not included within the term "Italy," and it 
was not until B. C. 89 that a Lex Pompeia gave even the Jus Latii to 
the inhabitants of GaPia Transpadana, and the privilege of obtaining 
Roman citizenship by filling a magistracy in their own cities. The 
citizenship was not given the Transpadani till B. C. 49. Virgil therefore 
was not a Roman citizen by birth, and he was above twenty years of 
age before the "civitas" was extended to Gallia Transpadana. 

When Augustus was in Spain, B. C. 27, he wrote to Virgil to express 
his wish to have some monument of his poetical talert. A short reply 



INDEX OF PKOPER NAMES. 415 

of Virgil is preserved, in which he says, " with respect to my Aeneas, 
if it were in a fit shape for thy reading, I would gladly send the poem; 
but the thing is only just begun ; and indeed it seems something like 
folly to have undertaken so great a work, especially when, as thou 
knowest, I am applying to it other studies, and those of much greater 
importance." 

The following inscription is said to have "been placed on Virgil's 

tomb : 

" Mantua me gemiit, Calabri rapuere, tenet nunc 
Parthenope. Cecirri pascua, rura, duces." 

Vesta, goddess of the fixed hearth and its fire, as the centre of house- 
hold life, and, in a wider sense, of the state as a permanent community 
of households. Fire and water, as great essentials of domestic life, 
were used in her service. She is naturally associated closely with the 
Penates. Her name, like the Greek f Earia, is derived from a root 
(represented in Sanscrit by vets,) signifying to dwell, to abide. 



-OOXKOO- 



SUGGESTIONS TO STUDENTS. 

The arrangement of words in Latin poetry being more complicated 
than in prose, care is needed, in translating, to select first the subject of 
the sentence, then the modifiers of the subject, then the verb, with its 
object, and whatever modifiers of the predicate may be attached. In 
making these selections, it will be necessary to observe closely the sig- 
nificance of the terminations which distinguish different cases, numbers, 
genders, persons, moods, and tenses. 

The syntax of Virgil differs in some points from that of Caesar and 
Cicero : e. g. in the omission of prepositions both before the ace. in answer 
to the question whither, and before the abl. in answer to the questions 
where and whence; secondly, in a fondness for the use of the dative, to 
express various relations somewhat indirectly or delicately, which are 
expressed more simply in ordinary prose by other constructions j* thirdly, 
in the frequent use of the indie, for liveliness, instead of the subj., in 
conditional sentences : and moreover in other particulars, explained in 
the Notes and in the grammars; fourthly, in the use of the infinitive to 
denote purpose and result ; fifthly, the frequent use of the genitive of 
specification with adjectives. 

* The delicate beauty of the use of the dat. of advantage instead of the bald abl. 
of separation, may be seen in Eel. IV. 41, and VII. 47, -where Conington strangely 
thinks that the dat. is "almost undistinguishable" from the abl/ To speak of 
taking something away " to the advantage of," "to the comfort of," or "in behalf 
of" a person, is certainly more significant than to Bay simply to take from. See 
my note on I. 92, p. 289, and on 1. 102. 








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