,0 ^'^>' ^ \ O . » - V^ O ' , , 5 - ^> .•.^'■^ ^"-i*. ' ^ Compiled j5y a. Clyde Clarke Y/ ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE A Complete Historical Guide Book to the City GIVING Correct Information About All Places of Historic Interest, Churches, Schools, Commercial and Civic Organizations, Public Buildings and Institutions, Fraternal and Benevolent Orders, and other Valuable General Information CONCISE MAP OF BUSINESS COMPLETE INDEX WILL BE SECTION OF FOUND IN BACK CITY OF BOOK >VHYjTHIS BOOK The statement of a leading book dealer of this city that Nashville has nothing to offer the stranger in the way of a guide to the many points of historic interest in and about the city, and that there is a constant demand for something of the kind, suggested to me the beginning of this book. The immediate and cordial interest of members of the Commercial Club, the Board of Trade, and the Industrial Bureau, encouraged me to complete the little volume. I am indebted to friends in these and other organizations, to the Banner and the Tcniressean-Amcncan for the use of their files, to Carnegie Library, to Foster »& Parkes, and many others, for invaluable assistance in compiling the book. I regret that I could not open the pages of "All About Nashville" to all tirnis of Nashville for advertising purposes, and especially to those who expressed a desire to be i-epre- souted in its pages. But having decided that the book would better sen-e the transient guest if it contained some sugges- tions as to the mercantile establishments of the city, I de- cided to incorporate only a limited number of advertise- ments. It is with a special pride that I am able to state that each of the firms whose advertisement appears in these pages is representative in his respective line, and with a very few exceptions, they have all been in business in Nashville for many years — some of them for half a century. Ida Clyde Clarke. gCI,A312248 HISTORICAL. N' ^A-SiHVILLE, the capital city of Tennessee, dis situated in the heart of the bhiegrass region of the Volun- teer State, aptly and affectionately termed by *■ * John Trotwood Moore, a Tennessee writer, the "Dimple of the Universe." Tihe city is built on the banks of the CumberlaiKl IJiver, iuul it is in almost the exact geographical center of Davidson County, of which it is the county seat. lA. chain or circlet of beautiful hills stretches in a curve from the river above to the river below the city. These hills formed a natural breastworks during the Civil War, and soldiers visiting the city for the tirst time since the war, more than forty years after its close, have been able to accurately locate many historic places now -within the city limits. Nashville, as well as the surrounding territory, is par- ticularly rich in historic interest. Andrew Jackson walked the streets of Nashville when rising from a back- woods lawyer to the presidency. Here were executed the greatest political pageants in American history when the old Wihig party was expending its efforts to carry the State for William Henry Harrison in 1840. and in 1844, wihen Henry Clay was the opponent of James K. Polk. g ALL ABOUT AANIIVILLE Here Barnard, the great astronomer, paid off the niorti^a.iie on his hdnie by discdvci-iiiij; comets. From Nashville marched the troops that forever broke the power of the Southern Indians. Here were marshaled the forces that won the great- est of American victories — ^the battle of New Orleans. Texas" fight for independence has resounding echoes here. The ladies of Nashville furnished with equipment all volunteers to the cause of Texas in+• •% The Visit of LaFayette. The visit to Nashville in 1S2~>, of (Jeneral LaFayette, is one of the most interesting events in the annals of the city. With liis son and suite lie arrived on the 4th day of May, 1825, and was received with the most enthusiastic demonstrations by General Jackson, Governor Carroll, and other distingiuislied ditizens. 'Great military splendor at- tended the icereimonies in his honor and he always re- ferred to his visit to Nashville as one of the most pleas- ant incidents of his life. (Jeueral LaFayette \isited the (Jraiid LdiUe of Ten- nessee, the Royal Arch Chaptei", and the Masonic fra- ternity generally. General LaFayette, dui'ing his staj', was entertained at the Hermitage. ^ 4* ^ General Sam Houston. Closely associated with old Nashville are many of the most tragic events in the remai'-kable career of Sam Hous- ton. Here he practiced law in 1818, after having served under Andrew Jackson against the Creek Indians. The chief interest of association with this strangely fated man of genius was his brief administration as Governor of this State until he resigned his high office in exchange for the haunts of the Cherokees. It is said of General Houston, the man whose ability placed him in the Governor's chair of two States, and whose courage and military genius silenced lli(> l)attories of Santa Anna and gave independence to the Republic of Texas, that for a wound in the heart the OF HISTORIC INTEREST 21 statesman and soldier fled the halls of high honor and the ways of glory in his native State to forget his disappoint- ment in the Western wilderness. The mystery surrounding his separation from his bride is as deep now as it was then. Houston had announced as a candidate for re-election as Governor of Tennessee and had left his friends on Saturday apparently in good spirits. On Monday morning they were shocked to hear that he had separated from his wife of a few months. To a close friend he said: "I can make no explanation. I exonerate this lady fully, and do not justify myself. I am a ruined man; will exile myself, and now ask you to take my resignation to the Secretary of State." Next morning he left Nashville by boat in disguise and when next heard of was living among the Cherokee Indians. ^ 4* 4. Nashville in the Civil War. Tennessee, as well as the city of Nashville, was de- cidedly opposed to separating from the other States, this sentiment ibesing expressed by a popular vote as well as in other ways. But the firing on Fort iSumpter forced I he people to the Confederate side. Intelligence of the fall of Fort Donelson, situated 70 miles up the Cumberland river (now the town of Dover), reached Nashville Sunday morning, Feb. 16, 1862, and produced the utmost consternation. The Legislature was convened, but speedily adjourned to Memphis, whither the publiic archives and money were also removed. General Albert Sydney Johnston's army (concen- trated at Bowling Green) commenced passing through the city, and continued until the entire force went throug'h. General Floyd was left to cover the retreat. It was a real panic. On the niglit of Feb. 18 the troops destroyed the sus- pension bridge and the railroad bridge, against the earn- est protest of the leading citizens. 22 ^LL ABOUT NASHVILLE On Feb. 23 the rear guard of the Confederate army left, and General D. C. Buell occupied Edgefield with Fed- eral troops. On the next day Mayor Cheatham and a committee of citizens surrendered the city, and the surrender took place on the 25th. Governor Johnson acted as military governor from Miarch 12, 1862, to the close of the war. He ousted the Mayor and City Council for refusing to take the oath of allegiance to the United States, and appointed others in the'ir places. A great miany citizens, most of them leading men in society, and several of them ministers of the Gospel, were arrested 'by order of Governor Johnson and put into prison. A union meeting was held in Nashville on May 12, 1862. On May 25 several newspaper offices were con- fisicated and' their pulblication stopped. At times the city was entirely out off from communi- cation with the outside world. General Buell and his army had left the city for the Tennessee river, and General Rosseau took command in the latter part of August, but was succeeded by a volun- teer, General Negley. General Rosecrans was in ioommand in Novemlber, and made his headquarters in Nashville until the close of the v/ar. General Grant, as the commander-in-chief of the Army of the Cumber'land, made his headquarters in Nashville also. The battle of L/avergne, fifteen miles from the city, was fought Oct. 7, a signal little victory for the Federal troops. ^ ^ ^ Grim Fort Negley. Fort Negley, on old St. Cloud Hill, bears notable ear- marks of the war. This historic eniinenee, one of the tall- est in the County, was once a beautiful,' finely timbered OF HISTORIC INTEREST 23 CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, MT. OLIVET. site, but the trees were destroyed by the Union armies, and the elevation, left unpi'otected to the elements, was soon washed clear of its soil and left a barren, unsightly Golgotha. It was here that Negley, the Provost Marshal, im- prisoned the citizens of Nashville, which feat he is said to have greatly enjoyed. The old hill will remain forever a monument to his peculiar idea of happiness. 24 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE It was here after the war in an old deserted mag- azine dug into the hill that one of the Ku Klux organiza- tions of Nashville had its hiding place. 4. ^ ^ Battle of Stone's River. One of the bloodiest conflicts of the Civil war was the battle of Stone's River, fought Dec. 31 and Jan. 2, about three miles from Murfreegboro. A heautiful monument commemorates the valor of the Confederate soldiers who fell in that memorable con- flict and some of the ©arthworfes are still to be seen on the field. Another monument marks the S'pot where the fifty-two 'guns of Rosecrans' army were assemibled. Murffeeishoro is thirty miles southeast of Nashville, on the Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway, and the citizens of the progressive little dity take a deep interest in showing visitors over the batlefield and telling aJgain the story of the tragic days hack in '61. This (battle has its place among the most bitterly fought emcounters of the Ciivil War. For three days the armies faced each other and two of these days were spent in the most despeirate fighting. At the close of the year 1862 Rosecrans' army lay in the vicinity of Nashville, with Braigg's force located in and near Murfreesboro. On the day after Christmias Rose- crans began his forward movement, advancing along the M'urfreesiboro and iPranklin roads, the Nashville and Mur- freesboro turnpike and the Wilkinson turnpike. En route there were clashes at Knob Gap, Lavergne and Nolensville, and on Dec. 30, the Federal army confronted the position of the opposing- force. There were 80,000 men in all. The aggregate losses of the two armies were a fourth of that mimber. Bragg hegan the battle with a fierce attack on the Federal right. First, Johnson gave way, exposing Davis, whose line was in tnrn hroken. OF HISTORIC INTEREST 25 McCook's corps, which formed the Federal right, suf- fered severely. The attack of Cleburne and Cheatham upon lit was resistless. The opposing force was swept away and their portion of the line of blue was broken and beaten baclv through la forest of cedars three miles from the old Franklin road to the Nashville and ■Murfreesboro turnpike. Two brigades of Breckinridge's Brigade, crossing Stone's River, reinforced the bleeding Confederate division that Lad made the attack. It was a fvitical nionient for the Union Aniiy. as the prepara- tions for the renewal of the assault were made. But Thomas, who commanded the Union center, and who was to become the savior at Chickamauga, reformed the broken line along the line of the Nashville, Chatta- nooga & St. Louis Railway with a cut for breastworks. The key to the position Was held by Hazen's Brigade, and it is an interesting fact that G-eneral Hazen. was the first husband of iMrs. George Dewey. An impetuous assault was made, but the line held, the greatest feat of the resistance being the defense of Hazen's regiments, in recognition of which a stone monument now stands upon tlie battlefield. It was during this dav's fighting that Wheeler's Cav- alry encircled the entire Union army, breaking up its supply trains and carrying consternation to the rear. On the first day of the new year time was spent in preparing for the new struggle. The fighting was con- fined chiefly to cannonading and the Federals readjusted their line of battle and brought up their supply of pro- visions and ammunition. It was a breathing spell after the first round which both sides needed badly. Bragg, still on the offensive, began the battle January 2, and, covering the movement with a heavy artillery fire on the Federal right and center, he gave Breckinridge or dors to charge the Federal left. The charge was one of the great spectacular movements of the western army, second in all the war only to Pickett's famous charge ajt Gettys- burg. As oh the first day, the Union line was driven back 26 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE to M'cFadden's Ford and across the river. Then, sweep- ing on and into the stream, the Confederate column in turn came in contact with a resistless force. On the high ground to the west of the river and only 500 yards away were assembled all the guns of the left win^ ot Rosecrans" army, fifty-two in number. They were heavily supported by infantry, and double-shotted with grape and fired at this short range, they delivered a staggering blov/ to the Confederate advance. In the face of the storm the shattered and bleeding division recoiled after suffering fearful loss. The Union troops, following up the advantage, retook the elevated ground beyond McFadden's Ford, and that night their army entrenched itself in its position. Bragg's forces leisurely retired to the banks of Stone's River. It was one of the bloodiest battles of the war. Gen- eral Dodge places the Federal loss at 12,000 and that of the Confederates at 10,000. Other figures are lower, giv- ing Bragg the larger casualty. The loss of some of the organizations engaged was frightful. The Eighth Ter- nessee out of 444 men engaged lost 300 killed, or 69 per cent. The loss of the celebrated Light Brigade at Bala- klava was only 36 per cent. •T« 9+a 9^ Battle of FranJ^lin. (November 30, 1864.) HE battle of Franklin was one of the most des- perate and sanguinary battles of the Civil War, the loss in generals far exceeding that of any of the other great battles. General Schofield, com- manding the Federal army, was on his way from Pulaski, via Columbia, to join General Thomas at Nash- ville. General Hood, commanding the Confederate forces, hoped by a rapid march from Florence, Ala., to intercept and destroy General Schofield' s army before the latter could accomplish his purpose. Iloth armies met at Colum- T^ OF UISTORW INTEREST 27 bia, the Federals occupying the town. Hood made no at- tack, but began at once to cross Duck river a few miles above. His plan was made known to General Schofield, who moved his whole command to the north side of the river and recommenced his march to Nashville. By ;] p. m. of the 29th the main body of the Confederate army had succeeded in crossing the river and was within two or three miles of Spring Hill and in full view of the enemy's wagons and men passing at double-quick along the pike from Columbia to Franklin. Orders were at once issued by General Hood for the leading corps to take posses'son of and hold the pike at or near Spring Hill, but for some reason his orders were not carried out. The Confederates went into bivouac in sight of the pike, and the Federals passed them during the night almost under the light of their camp-fires. The next day found General Schofield strongly entrenched in front of Franklin. Hood thereupon determined to retrieve the lost opportunity oy one grand and supreme effort to overtake and rout him, and drive him into the Big Harpeth river, at Franklin. Consequently, at dawn on the 30th, the troops were put in motion with orders to march as rapidly as possible. IFranklin is situated in a bend of the Big Harpeth river, and the line of defense selected by General- Schofield was a half-circle, the centre guarding the Columbia pike, with A NASHVILLE HOME. 28 ALL ABOVT ^NASHVILLE 'both, flanks resting on the river. The whole ground in front of his line sloped gently, and every part of it could 'be plainly seen from the vv^orks. On came the Confed- erates with their wild "rebel yell," as steady and resistless as a tidal wave, sweeping before them two brigades of the Federals that had been left on a knoll to retard their advance. The surging mass charged on to the very works through a rain of bullets. The Federal center gave way near the Columbia pike, and through the gap poured the Confederates. The result was a desperate hand-to-hand encounter, the combatants endeavoring to club one an- other with their muskets. It is reported that soldiers were even dragged from one side of tiie breastworks to the other by men reaching over and seizing them by the hair or collar. \Aii this critical moment a brigade of Fed- erals gallantly charged and restored the line, capturing albout seven hundred Confederate troops within the en- trenchments. An osage orange hedge on the Federal left broke the full force of the Cenfederate charge, as they could not get through it, and their men went down before the Federal fire like leaves in the fall of the year. Thus the battle raged until darkness put an end to the terrible struggle that began about 4 p. m. Schofield with- drew during the night, leaving his dead and wounded on the field. The following Cenfederate generals were killed in this engagement: Cleburne, Cranberry, Adams, Gist, Strahl and Carter; five others were wounded and one cap- tured. The best estimate that can 'be anade of the number of men engaged is as follows: Federals about 28,000, loss about 2,300; Confederates about 22,000, loss about 6,200. Two divisions of iLee's corps, C. S. A., did not arrive in time to take part in the battle. Franklin is eighteen miles from Nashville and is reached Toy the Interur'ban line. A splendid monument adorns the public square of the town and commemorates the valor of tlie brave men who lost their lives in what has been called the bloodiest liattle of the Civil War. The OF HISTORIC INTEREST £9 old home on the porch of which five Confederate generals lay dead after the battle is one of the interesting historic places to be seen. -{' -h -h Battle of Nashville. (December 15 and 16^ 1864.) Tl 1 1 ]•] battle uf Xasliville was one of the Jiiost de- cisive cuntlirts during the closing year of the war. Tin,' Federal troops, consisting of about 55,- *•— ^ (hjO men, under connnand of Maj.-Gen. George 11. Thonjas, occupied the heights within and immediately snr- roomding the city. The Confederate army, about 23,000 effective men, under command of Gen. J. B. Hood, took po- sition on the next i^ange of hills in. front of the city, their main line extending from the Nolensvllle pike, across the Franklin and Granny White pikes, to the hills south and southwest of the city, with cavalry on either flank extend- ing to the river. Both armies were ice-bound for a week prior to the 14th of December. On the iiiornhig of the 15th the Federals siiiuilta- neousiy attacked both flanks of the Confederate army, their intention being to make a heavy demonstration on Hood's right, cause him to draw re-enforcements from his center and left, and then press his left flank severely and gain possession of the rear, cutting off retreat to Franklin. The movement was partially successful, as the Confederate left was forced back into a new position. In his report of the battle General Thomas says tihat the total result of the day's operations was the capture of isixteen pieces of artillery and 1,200 prisoners, besides several hundred stands of small arms and al)out forty wagons. lEarly on the morning of the 16th the Federals com- menced a general attack on the entire Confederate line, (but were repulsed with heavy loss until aibout 3:30 p. m., when the Confederate left center gave way, causing in a few moments the entire line to give way at all points, and tlhe forces to retire in complete disorder down the pike 30 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE in the direction of Franklin. Tlie Confederate lo&s in artillery was lieavy — 54 guns — which was occasioned by the fact that the horses were sent to the rear for safety and the giving way of the line was so sudden that it was impossible to ibring forward the horses to move the guns. At Brentwood, about four miles from the line of hat- tie, the troops were somewhat collected, encamping in the vicinity for the night. It is impossible to ascertain with any degi-ee of ac- curacy the total loss on either side, but it is estimated that Hood lost about 5,500, and Thomas about 3,057. The Confederates, hard pressed, were forced back across the Tennessee river. Ex-Governor James D. Porter, in his account of the battle in his "Confederate Military History,'' says: "The Army of Tennessee rested in position before Nashville from the 2nd to the 13th of December. Two brigades left in the rear joined their commands, but three were in front of IMurfreesboro with Forrest and did not participate in the battle of the 16th. From Ridley's Hill on the Nolensville pike, the centre of Cheatham's corps, there was an unobstructed view of Federal movements and preparations for (battle. The arrival of troops, the concentration of Wilson's cavalry, was all in plain view. The weather was very severe and the suffering of the men was great. There was no supply of shoes, and the men covered their bare feet with rawhide taken from animals freshly slaiiightered. Hundreds of Tennesseans passed their own doors on the march without halting, and many were in sight of their homes when the guns opened." Later Governor Porter says: "The casualties were inconsiderable in numbers. There was no serious resistance to the Federal advance; it was a battle without an engagement in a contest; and the wonder is that Thomas, with a large and well ap- pointed army, more than tremble the strengih of Hood's, did not press his right, seize the Franklin turnpike and capture of the entire army. Hood's army was in an unre- liable state, the clothing of the men was scant, and the OF HISTORIC INTEREST SI per cent of the barefooted was distressing. On the re- treat out of Tennessee the weather was very severe, rain, sleet and snow falling upon the army after the second day's march; but the spirit of endurance seemed to rise as difficulties multiplied." Major-General Thomas, in his official report says of Hood's army: '"With the exception of ihis rear guard, his army had become a disheartened and disorganized rabble of half-armed and barefooted men, who sought every opportunity to fall out by the wayside and desert the cause to put an end to their suffering. The rear guard, however, was undaunted and firm, and did its work bravely to the last." Tihe Hermitage Club, 211 Sixth Avenue, North, became Union headquarters after the battle of Nashville and holds much historic interest for the visitor. ^ ^ ^ Zollicoffer Barracl^s. (Maxwell House.) The Maxwell House, one of Nashville's leading hotels, holds for the visitor and the lover of history much of his- toric interest. The first spade pierced the soil for the present Max- well House August 17, 1859. At a meeting of leading cit- izens shortly before this date "John Kirkman and Samuel D. Morgan were appointed commissioners to act for the subscribers to the hotel to be erected by John Overton, Esq., on the corner of Church and Cherry Streets.'' The Maxwell iHouse was formally opened for the re- ception of guests on September 22, 1869, by M. Kean & Co , and since that time many distinguished visitors have been entertained within its hospitable walls. When the hotel was begun it seemed so much out of proportion to the size of the city that it was called "Over- ton's Folly." 32 ^LL ABOUT NASHVILLE During the war, it was in a partially completed state and was used for barracks. To every soldier of the Civil War who fought in the gi-cnt b;ittles around Nashville the Maxwell House is known as "Zollicoffer Barracks." It was during this period that a serious catastrophe occurred, the stairway falling and killing several men. Mr. A. H. Robinson (now proprietor)) and Mrs. Rob- inson, returned from their honeymoon trip soon after the hotel opened and have made their home there since. ^ ^ ^ Hetty McEwen's Flag. Conspicuous among the patriotic women of the 60'g was Hetty MoEwen, over whose home, 117 Eighth Ave- nue, North, the United States flag floated during the entire Civil War. To Mrs. iMcErwen the flag was not the flag of the Federal armies, but the emblem for which her ances- tors fought at King's Mountain, and as such it was revered and loved. The Confederates offered no objection to it and the Union forces paid her much respect because of it. While displaying the flag of the Northern armies Mrs McEwen was feeding and helping to clothe the Southern soldiers. The original flag that floated from the Spruce Street residenre is in possession of Mr. Waldo McEwen of this city and is highly prized. .J. ^ ^ Immortalizing Sam Davis. NEAR the southwest entrance to the Capitol Grounds stands the statxie to the memory of Sam Davis, the young Confederate hero who gave his life ~^ rather than betray a friend. The statue is the work of the sculptor Zolnay and is -a graceful and tender reminder of the noible life and tragic death of Tennessee's young hero. OF HISTORIC INTEREST 33 That the beautiful and touching story of Sam Davis was told to the "world, and that the bronze statue now stands on the Capitol Grounds to perpetuate his memory, is due to the initiative of Mr. S. lA. Cunningham, editor of the Confederate Veteran. Mr. Cunningham himself stated that when the story was first sent to him he was not disposed to print it. Not because it did not deserve mention, but because there were so miany heroic deeds reported that it seemed almost like discrimination to give space to one above the others. However, some time later the greatness of the character of Sam Davis and his heroism were brought forcibly home to him by thn remark of a Union soldier, and Mr. Cunningham thought that if so much appreciation could come from the Union side it was time the Southern people were knowing mors about their young martyr. No sooner did Mr. Cunningham publish the tragic story than it attracted attention, and when the movement for the monument was started there was a cordial re- sponse from people in all States Oif the Union. 34 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE Wihen iMrs. Ella Wheeler Wilcox visited the Nashville Centennial ELxposition she wsis deeply touched by the story of iSam Davis. iShe afterwardis wrote a poem on '■'Sam Davis," and the monument ibears two stanzas from this poem. The story of Sam Davis is a simple one, for his life was simple, and he died when 21 years of age. Sam Davis was born in Rutherford County, Tennessee, and at the outbreak of the war he enlisted as a private in the First Tennessee Infantry and became a member ot General Bragg's army. The young Tennessean acquitted himself with so much coolness in the presence of danger, so much bravery and good judgment, that he was chosen as one of "Captain Coleman's Scouts,'' a company com- manded by Captain Shaw, who assumed the name of "Coleman'' for the ipurposes of disgulise. In November, 1863, the Sixteenth Army Corps, under Gen. G. M. Dodge, was centered at Pulaski, Tenn., near the Tennessee River and not far from the Alaljama line. General Grant was at Chattanooga and he was exceed- ingly anxious to apprehend and put a stopi to the opera- tions of "Coleman's Scouts." With this end in view he gave orders that the famous Kansas Seventh Cavalry, nicknamed the "Kansas Jayhawikers" should be especially alert and active in the search fo-r the band of scouts. Captain Shaw, alias Coleman, had committed to the care of Davis certain papers, letters, reports and maps which gave late and important news to General Bragg. On Thursday, November 19, a day or two after he had received the papers for General Bragg, he was run down and captured by the "Jayhawkers," at the Tennessee River, and, along with other prisoners, he was hurried to Pulaski, wihere he was placed in jail. Captain Shaw had been captured the same day and was also placed in the iPUlaski jail. In a letlor written by General Dodge, which accompa- nied a personal contribution to the monument fund, he S'aid: OF^ HISTORIC lyTEREST . 35 ''Davis met me modestly. I tried to impress upon him the danger he was in, and as only a messenger I held out to him the hope of lenient treatment if he would answer truthfully my question. I informed him that he would be tried as a spy and that the evidence would surely convict him, and I made a direct appeal to him to give me the information I knew he had. He very quietly but 'irmly refused to do it. I pleaded with him with all the power I possessed to give me some chance to save his life. I discovered that he was a m.o.st admirable young fellow, with the highest character and strictest integrity. He replied, 'I know. General, that I will have to die, but I will not tell where I got the information, and there is no power on earth that can make me tell. You are doing your duty as a soldier and I am doing my duty to God and my country.' '■ Knowing that he had but a few hours to live, the ten- der heart of the boy turned toward the old home, anti that night in the loneliness of his prt'son cell he wrote this pathetic letter to his mother: "Pulaski, Giles Co., Tenn., Nov. 26, 1863. "Dear Mother: Oh, how painful it is to write you, I have got to die tomorrow morning — to be hanged by the Federals. Mother, do not grieve for me. I must bid you good-bye forever more. Mother, I do not fear to die. Give my love to all. Your son, "SAMUlElL DAVIS." Next morning Sam Davis was carried to the place of execution, seated on his own coffin, in a wagon. At the gallows he dismounted and sat under a tree while prepara- tions for his execution were being completed. He asked the Captain how long he had to live and the Captain replied, "About fifteen minutes." "What is the news from the front?' he asked, and when told of General Bragg's battle and defeat he said, "Thank you. Captain. I am sorry for that." And then he added, "The boys will have to fight the 'battles with- out me now." 36 ^LL ABOVT NASHVILLE Just as the execution was about to take place a liorse- man galloped up with a message from General Dodge urging Davis to give the desired information and save his life. But Davis rose to his full height, and, pulsing with the iblood of youth, with home and loved ones just over the Mils, he threw his head back and, with eyes flashing, he said: "No, I can not; I would die a thousand deaths rather than betray a friend.'' 4* 4* -^ Belle Meade. O"* NE of the most beautiful of the ancestral estates around Nashville, and one that is noted all over the world as the cradle of the thoroughbred horse i in America, is Belle Meade, situated a few miles out from Nashville on the Harding Road. An auto- mobile trip can easily be arranged "out this picturesque road and past the historic place where General Harding stood and watched General .Jackson move his troops to the defense of New Orleans. The Clioctaw, Cherokee and Chickasaw Indians made their trading visits to Nashnlle by this siam,e road, which is famous in history as the old "Natcihez Trace." Belle Meade originally comprised four thousand acrets, a large part of which, in Gen. William H. Jackson's day, was set in the grazing grasses. The passing of Belle Meade marks a new epoch in the history of this section. Linked with its glorious past are the names of several of the representative families of the South, and romance and tragedy have walked hand and hand through the lofty halls. The old mansion remains today much as it was when Gen. William H. Jaokson entertained the distinguished visitors who came to Nashville, for none eter came who did not pay a visit to Belle Meade. The home is now a private residence and the estate is owned by a lard com- pany. OF HISTORIC INTEREST 37 Plans are being rapidly consummated to establijli c-u the estate what will be one of the handsomest golf Units in America, to be owned by the Nashville Golf and Country Club. No breeding- establishment of the world has contril)- uted so many great and grand race horses to turf history as has Belle Meade. One of the greatest of these was "The Commoner," purchased by Gen. William H. Jackson in 1900 for $15,000. A short time later General Jackson refused $50,000 for him. Another aristocrat of the turf who grazed on the biuo' grass pastures of Belle Meade was Luke Blackburn, the veteran leader, whose 3-year-old form is one of the magic pages of track aiuials and whose name is still regarded as the stamp of sterling worth. At the age of 2G years he was the picture of health and strength, with his mag- nificent conformation untouched by time. He was buried at Belle Meade beside his sire, Bonnie Scotland, himself the synonym for gameness. A handsome monument was erected to the great ''Enquirer'' and still stands to iii- terest the visitor. BELLE MEADE. 38 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE In October, ISOO, e\-c'ry tlinronslilired at Bollp Meade was s'ohl at auction, and never Ivas there been sncli a fsale in turf annals of this country. In 1892 fifty-two yearlings offered realized a total of $110,0'50. In 1893 General Jackson sold half interest in the estate to Richard Croker. That year the yearlings bi'ought $85,000. iMr. Oroker afterward scdd his interest. Of Genera- Jacksion himself, the master of Belle Meade, a writer cmce siaid: "Peaceful as is the horse paradise, a few miles from Nashville, its master is more meteorlike, resembling rather the restless, resistless, courageous career of some of the equine chieftains he has sent forth. "When the Confederate Veterans organized at New Orleans he was a conspicuous figure. He still looiked the fighter, the au!l3urn still bore down the -gray in leonine hair and mustache, and there was no trace of defeat or surrender in his stirring eloquence." A late picture of him is, "The old soldier now a patri- arch, his hair and beard as white as snow. His keen comments come less frequent and his talk is more of the past." The visitor to Belle Meade today will find much to remind him of the thrilling history of the iplace. It is true that touches of modern civilization have transformed many of the old markings, but something of the ante- bellum atmosphere stiil clings arcund the stately ol.l mansion, glimpses of which delight the eye of the visitor as he approaches the big double gate that forms the main entrance to the estate. One of the features of the old place was the deer park of four hundred acres, w'hich was the pride of General Jackson's heart. Through this park now a beautiful road- way winds and automobiles spinning along- its macadam- ized surface frighten the timid deer that once in a while may still be seen peeping cautiously from the underbrush. No more delightful pleasure could toe planned hy the visitor to Nashville than a trip by auto to Belle Meade and a drive through the parlvs. OF HhSTORIG INTEREST 39 James K. PolJ^. The Hon. James K. Polk, eleventh President of the United States, died at his residence in this city June 15, 1849, and was placed in a vault in the old City cemetery with Masonic honors. On May 22, 1850, his remains were deposited in the elegant mausoleum prepared for the pur- pose on the eastern front of Polk Place. The Masonic fraternity. Governor and staff. Mayor and City Council, and all city officials and many leading citizens attended in the procession, and minute guns were fired. The Ma- sonic funeral rites were jM-rformed. The remains of President and Mrs. Polk were later removed to the State Capitol. The simple but stately tomb with appropriate inscriptions testifies to the love and esteem in which both were held. For many years "Polk Place" was the mecca of all visitors and all of Nashville's distinguished visitors in these earlier days paid their respects to the venera;ble Mrs. Polk, who for many years after her husbands's death, lived in the stately old mansion on Vine (now iSeventh avenue) and Union streets. Memorable scenes had been enacted within those dignified walls, and all guiety ceased forever with Mr. Polk's death. Mrs. Polk lived in retirement, surrounded by sacred memories. Within 40 ALL ABOUT NA^SHVILLE view of her library windows she could look upon the monument that marked the resting place of one who ser\e2,G;>j. A mass inectiii.u' was called and by July 20 the total subsicriiptions had reached $165,000. July 30, 1895, President J. W. Thomas nominated Maj. E. C. Lewis for Director General, to Which he was unanimously elected. August 21, 1895, by unanimous vote, West Side Park was dlecided on for the location of the buildings, and a call of 10 per cent, on subscriptions was 46 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE made to be paid September 1. The central building, it was decided, should be an ecxact reproduction of the Parthenon, to be used for the exhibition of fine arts. The foundations were begun September 10, 1895, and the cor- ner stone laid October 8 toliowing. A change in the char- ter of the city of Nashville had to be made to enajble it to vote to take $100,000 stock in the Exposition. Com- pany. The election was held October 10, and there were only 488 votes cast against the measure. The city issued $100,000 of 41/^ per cent, interest-bearing bonds, to run for twenty years from January 1, 1896, and these bonds realized $102,089. Two hundred and eighty-four employes of the Phillips & Buttorff TVTianufacturlnjg Company sub- scribed $4,985; the employes of the Nashville, Chatta- nooga & St. Liouis Railway, $16,496, and later on added $7,500 to that amount. Forty-two employes of the William Gerst Brewing Company subscribed $2,625. Forty em- ployes of the Banner gave $1,440. The Edgefield & Nlash- ville Manufacturing Company gave, from 107 employes $1,205. These subscriptions were from sanall wage-earn- c'l's, ;!Ih1 i'vovy •:lc.ll:ir of tliriii \v;is ji.-ii-.l itroiiiintly. The opening day was postponed froim May 1, 1896, to that day one year later, becau.se 1896 being the year of ;i jirc-idcntinl election, the managenu'ut cuncluded that it woiilil liMvo a bad effect on the Exi>ositlon. June 8, 1896, disbursements had reached $204,354.8.3, and lo roniph'le the work thou under contract .|10G,92(*).8() was needed. In 1896 the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company, through its President, M. H. Smith, made a cash subscr'ii- tion of $25,000, followed iby one of the same amouui from President Thomas, of the Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Riailway. Besides this, these roads, by the close of the Exposition, had given, in service, the latter $65,000 and the former $30,000. The aggregate contributions of other roads, in cash and service, was $9,000. December 19, 1896, the Federal Government made an appropriation of $130,000, of which $30,000 was devoted to a building and $100,000 for an exhihit. This appropria- OF HIHTORIG INTEREST 47 tion was miade on condition that $500,000 was raised in other ways. As only $473,000 had been subscribed, the management had to raise the necessary $27,000. The people of Nashville were equal to the emergency, and by December 30 the requisite amount had been subscribed. The State of Tennessee, through its Legislature, voted only $50,000, and that not until the iast minute. A biil for the incorporation of Centennial City was passed after a good deal of oppoisition. When the great opening day arrived disbursements had been $555,183.28, and receipts $555,609.03. The old Centennial grounds now constitute Centennial Park. 'mSSi^- THE PARTHENON AND JOHN W. THOMA.S MONUMENT AT CENTENNIAL PARK. 48 -'l^^ ABOUT NAHUVJLLE Historic Mariners of Nashville. In Memory of Pioneers. 01 N the south facade of the courthouse is a handsome bronze tablet erected iby the Wlatauga Cumber- land Settlers' As.siociation in commemoration of ' ^ that period and in memiory to those hrave spirits that wore with Col. Donelson. Tlie inscription thereon reads : April 2::;, 1780, A fleet of forty boats, led by G-ood Boat Adventure, Commanded by Lieut. Col. John Donelson, Landed at Nashville with the following pioneers: (Names of pioneers follow). To the Revolutionary Soldier. Standing in the southwest corner of the courthouse is a splendid monivment erected by the Daughters of the American Revolution of Tennessee to the Soldiers of the American Revolution that gave their dives for the cause of liberty and who sleep on Tennessee soil. This monument was erected during the State Regency of Mrs. William G. Spencer. 'Mrs. Spencer made the completion of this handsome memoirial her chief concern. The in- scription is: To the Heroes of 1?'6, Not dea;l, but living in deeds such lives inspire , Erected on February 22, 1910, by Tennessee Daughters of the American Revolution." At the City Cemetery. The South Nashville Federation of Women, with Mrs. E. F. Turner, tiie [)r('sident, with the co-operation of p lON^ERS— Y^i strictly — Up'TO'Date jAVEgone through all the revolutions and evolutions that the Printing Business has experienced during past one-third of century. Have always led in up-to-date Men^ Machinery and Methods . C Our work, from Visiting Card to Pamphlet, from Billhead to Poster, from smallest cheap Engraving to highest grade colored job, is classy — second to none — in fact, we lead in every kind of printing. Ask our customers — they are all over the South Brandon Printing Company NASHVILLE, TENN. OF HISTORIC INTEREST 49 400 members, has cleared away the rubbish, pTuned the trees, gravelled the walks and planted a line of memorial elms and, lastly, are in process of erecting a handsome memorial gateway to the heroes of another day. An- other beautiful tribute to the city's early citizens was erected by the Tennessee Woman's 'Historical Association, which placed at the other entrance of the cemetery an arch and gateway. The path leading to Robertson's grave is indicated by a handsome sun dial erected by Cumberland Chapter, D. A. R. The Old Nashville Inn. In an inconspicuous place at the corner of Market street and the Public Square is a ibronze tablet marking the old site of the Nashville Inn. This marker was placed by the members of Cum'berland ChapteT, D. A. R., to preserve to future generations some record of a site around which so much of Tennessee's history was en- acted. The tablet bears the following inscription: "On this site stood the Nashville Inn, where gathered th(; great pioneers for all important political, 'historical and social events from 1783 to 185(5." The Zollicoffer Home. The home of Gen. Felix Zollicoffer is also marked. The ta^blet commemorating the deeds of this hero is of white marble and bears h-is birth and death, also the years spent in this home. The law office of Andrew Jackson on Union street, opposite the Cole building, is another spot which has been kept from oibiivion iby a tablet tell ing of its former owner. In Memory of Lafayette's Visit. Col. Thomas McCrory Chapter, D. A. R., last spring erected a monument memorializing the visit to Nashville of Marquis de LaFayette. This tablet was placed on the sdte of the home of Major Lewis, whose guest LaFayette was. 4 OF mSTORIG INTEREST 51 To William Strickland. In the walls of tlie State Capdtol, whose beauty of line and symmetry he had himself planned, lies the body of William Strickland. The cablet reads: "William Strick- land, Architect; Died April 7, 1854, Aged 64 Years." By an act of the Legislature of Tennessee his remains are deposited within this vault. Sam D. Miorgan is another distinguished patriot who is interred within the State Capitol walls. Commemorating Battle of the Bluffs. On a wall of the First National Bank building is a tablet erected by the Wiatauga Cumberland Settlers' Asso- ciation, of which iMisis Susie Gentry of Franklin wias presi- dent. This tablet commemorates the Battle of the Bluffs.- The names of the nineteen men who so valiantly defended their holmes and families, with their leader, Capt. John Leiper, are engraved thereupon. Robertson's Home. In the transfer station is an inconspicuous tablet mark- ing the site of the home owned and ocouipied by James Bolbertson from 1784 to 1807. This man, the founder of Nashville, lies buried in the old City Cemetery, which he planned and laid off. With him sleep many of Nashville's and Tennessee's illustrious dead. Many Monuments. Throughout the city many handsome monuments have been erected to the memory of those who have had some part in the making of the history of the city and State. Standing at the intersection of Broad street and West End avenue is a heroic statue of Jere Baxter, through whose genius Nashville made many steps in upward progress. In Centennial Park stands several very interesting testimonials. The music stand, which was erected by the Wednesday Morn- ing Musicale, is built over the old home of 'Major John 52 ALL ABOUT NA.SHVILLE Cockrill. Its central beam is sunk in the cellar of the old home. A splendid memorial stands in this park erected to Maj. John W. Thomas by the employes of the railroad his genius made. In Centennial Park also stands the stately shaft erected to James iRolbei'tson, the founder of Nashville, and especially beautiful and im]>ressive is the status of "Tbi' Confederate Soldier,' erected in loving memory of the "boys who wore the grey iback in the sixties." Mention has been made elsewhere of the monuments in the State Capitol grounds, the Confederate monu- ment in Mlount Olivet cemetery and those in the old City cemetery. The home of William Walker, "the gray-eyed man of destiny," at the corner of 'Fourth avenue and Commerce street, is one of the isites which will soon be marked. The three local D. A. R. Chapters will shortly have completed at Old Cockrill Spring a marker of the begin- ning of the Natchez Trace. This marker will be a huge boulder, with a suitable inscription telling all the Natchez Trace meant in the days oif overland travel. The Nash- ville Chapter, D. A. R., will interest other chapters and it is expected that a marker will be iplaced every twenty miles from Nashville to Natchez. Judge William Patton's iaw office, opposite the Maxwell House, is another spot that will shortly be marked. The battle of Buchanan Sta- tion and the old home of Granny White, one of the foro- mO'St women of pioneer days, will alsO' be properly marked. An Historic House F"~lOUNDED in 1845 and conducted now under the original firm name, the store of —J THOMPSON & COMPANY, located at 2 1 3 Fifth Avenue, North, can maintain its claim as one of the makers of Nashville's history. The matter of QUALITY and RELIABILITY have always been of prime importance with this house. Fine Sillcs, Laces, Furs and Linens are its great specialties. Of course other lines are carried also. ABSOLUTELY HONEST ADVERTIS- ING has been the policy of this house since it was opened nearly seventy years ago, and an established reputation for reliability, based on this policy, is considered one of the greatest assets of the firm. A recent window display at the THOMPSON store on Fifth Avenue consisted of dresses and accessories purchased at this store in ante-bellum days, and was unique and interesting. "The Stranger Within the Gates" of Nashville may purchase from THOMPSON & CO. with the fullest confidence, as misrepresentations of all kinds are carefully avoided. 54 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE PUBLIC BUILDINGS. The State Capitol. T\ HE Tennessee iState Capitol is located at the nortn end of Capitol Boulevard, which, extends from Church to Cedar Street, between Sixth and Sev- ' ' enth avenues. Clearing of the ground for the site was bcgiui iibout January 1, 1845; foiuulatious were dug and nearly ttnished by July 4 of that yeai'. anil on that day the corner-stone was laid. The building was first occupied by the iLegislature Octoher 3, 1853. The entire cost of 'building and grounds was upwards of $2,.500,000. Previous to the year 1843 the seat of government of the State had not been finally settled. lAt various times it had been located at Knoxville, Kingston, Murfreesboro and Nashville. That Nashville was finally selected was due to the fact that the citizens purchased the present site, then called Campbell's Hill, for $30,000, and presented it to the iState. The ardhitecture is strikingly ibeautiful and the design suggests a Greek Ionic temple, erected upon a rustic base- ment, which in turn rests upon a terraced pavement. The main floor is reached by a handsome flight of steps, the railings of which are of [East Tennessee maiible. On this floor are the Hall of Representatives, the Senate Chamber, State 'Library, Law Library, and committee rooms. (Above the center of the building and through the roof rises the tower, supported iby four massive piers rising from the ground. The design of the tower is a modified and improved reproduction of the "Choragic Monument of Lysicrates," or, as it is sometimes called, "The Lantern of Demosthenes," erected in Athens about 325 B. C. The height of the edifice above the ground is 206 feet and 7 inches, or over 400 feet albove low water in the Cum- Iberland River. PUBLIC BUILDINGS 55 In comparison it may 'be interesting to say that the head of the statue on the Capitol at Washington is but 377 feet above tidewater; the height of St. Peter's, at llfcliV-^ij^ ^^K ?Mf=#^?^-t-ii"iif' Ik s^ ^^^: ^i ^m t* ' ' ' UNITED STATES CUSTOM HOUSE. 56 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE Rome, from the pavement to the top of the cross, is 430 feet, and that of iSt. Paul's, at London, 404 feet. The architect, William Strickland, of Philadelphia, died April 7, 1854. His funeral cerem.onies were conducted in the Hall of Representatives, and he was entombed in a recess in the wall of the north basement portico. After the death df iMr. Strtdkland the work was carried on by his son, W. 'F'. Strickland. In the tower are located the State archives, descrip- tion of which may be found under the head of "Historic Interest." Increasing demands upon this handsome iStatehouso have made an addition necessary. For some years the building immediately in front of the south igate of the Capitol ihas ibeen used as a "Capitol Annex." This was demolished on account of the boulevard, and the 'building now used as the "Capitol Annex' is located on Seventh Avenue, North, half a block south of the Capitol in the old Zollicoffer residence. IMention of this old, historic home may also be found under the head "Historic In- terest." The Capitol grounds are exceedingly handsome. The equestrian statue of Gen. Andrew Jackson was unveiled with very impressive ceremonies May 20, 1880. Clark Mills, the artist who designed the statue, was present and made an oration; five veterans of Jackson's camipaigns were there and the Hon. John F. Hume was orator of the day. On the Capitol grounds also are the tombs of James K. Polk and Mrs. Polk and the bronze statue to the memory of Sam Davis, Tennessee's yoaing hero who was hanged as a spy, and who said on the gallowis, "1 had rather die a thousand deaths than to toetray a friend " United States Custom House. The United States Custom House is one of the hand- somest Oniildings of which Nashville boasts. It occupies the square formed by Broadway, Seventh and Eighth avenues and is nearly in the geographical center of the PUBLIC BUILDINGS 57 city. The site is 330 toy 160 feet in size and tlie building is tliree stories laigh, surmounted by a tower 190 feet, from the sidewalk. The style of architecture is pointed Gothic and the building is constructed entirely of stone and iron. The work of construction was ibegun in September, 1875, but the plans were changed and the present 'building was be- gun in August, 1876. The tower is built in unison with the rest of the edi- fice. It is nine stories in height and an iron spiral stair- way commences in the fifth story of the tower and ex- tends upward to the dormer windows. In the construction of the building sixty-eight thousand cubic feet of stone have been consumed. The building wa.s designed under Mr. William A. Potter, government architect. Davidson County Courthouse, The courthouse of Davidson County is situated in the east center of the public square. It was ibuilt in 1857, on the site of three former courthouses, immediately after the burning of its predecessor in the spring of 1856. During that extensive conflagration the old Nashville Inn and sev- eral other prominent buildings were consumed. The Ibuilding is in Corinthian style and cost $120,000. The two upper stories, at their north and south ends, open out into handsome porticos or Corinthian colonnades, run- ning with the pitch of the roof and each supported by eigh* large columns. The east and west porticos are in the center of the building, and are colonnades of four columns, each supporting a Siquare roof. The third story contains a handsome public hall in which the "Tennessee Constitutional Convention of 1870" was held. The Parthenon. NashvilUe has no monument of more classic beauty than the Parthenon, and as the ancient Parthenon of Ath- ens was the greatest of all architectural monuments of tH ^ /■'«• ^ M^ t m ^S^gstgr.:, PUBLIC BUILDINGS 59 classic Greece, so is its counterpart in Nasliville pre- eminent among the beautiful buildings of the "LA.th.ens of the South.'' Situation, surroundings, £,tmo?phere, motif, associa- tions! — all contributed to maike it the feature of the great centennial celebration held in Nashville in 1897. In size, it is, and in detail it is believed to be, a re- creation of what Ictinus built and Phidias adorned. It stands on a commanding site in Centennial Park, and crowning a lovely terrace the Parthenon overlooks the beautiful valley of the Cumberland, facing the rising sun. In the distance to the east rises the State Capitol of Ten- nessee, erected not in honor of, but honoring the famous school of Greek architecture of which the Parthenon is the best and greatest exemplification. Take Broadway and West End car. Young Men's Christian Association. The Nashvlille Young Men's Christian Association building is the handsomest in the South and one of the handsomest in the entire conutry. It was erected, furnished and equipped at a cost of about $410,000 and embodies every feature that could make for its comfort, beauty and convenience. The library, a spacious and artistically appointed room on the main floor, has been taken as a memorial to IProf. W. R. Wiebb, of Bellbuckle, given by the alumni of Webb School. The first floor contains offices of the secretarial force, reading and games room, lobby, etc. The gymnasium and swimming pool are attractive features, and one of the most valuable departments of work is the John IHill Eakin Institute, where young men and boys are able to obtain an education practically with- out cost. The educational features have been empha- sized and Prof. E. J. Filbey, formerly of the Peabody College faculty, is at the head of the educational depart- ment. 60 -^J^Tj about NASnriLLE The boys' department is fully equipped and there is a separate gymnasium for the younger members of the fissociation. The dormitories have become so popular that all the rooms are occupied and many applicants ave on the waiting list. The Nashville Y. iM. C. A. welcomes strangers and invites them to call and be shown through the new building. Mr. S. Waters McGill is General Secretary. STATE HEADQUARTERS. The State Headquarters of the Young Men's Chris- tian Association is located at IVasliviil3 with offices in the Nashville building. Mr. V. T. Grizzard is State Sec- retary. The work throughout the state is directed from Mr. Grizzajd's office and annual meetings of the State Committee arc held here. Young Woman's Christian Association. The Nashville Young Woman's Christian Association occupies a iiandsome new home on Seventh Avenue, North, nearly opposite the Y. M. C. A. Miss Elva Sly is General Secretary; Miss Katherine Morris is Member- ship Secretary, and Miss Adeline C. Gordon is Secretary of Religious Work. The association provides a delighti'ul home at a reasonable cost to the young women of the ctiy, witli an ideal home environment. The gymnasium and swimming pool, under compe- tent directors, are very popular and there are classes at nominal rates in cooking, sewing, art and the elementary l)ranclies and various other departments. Strangers are welcomed and the transient guest is always provided for. The reading rooms, libraries, par- lors and lobby are open at all times, and a visit to the gymnasium during the evening is most entertaining. 62 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE Young Men's Hebrew Association. The Nashville Young Men's Hebrew Association owns a handsome home situated on Union street at the head of Polk Avenue. The association is conducted along a very high plane and the membership includes the representative young men of Nashville, who hold the interests of the association very dear. The lioane is equipped throughout with the most modern appliances, and the most attractive features are included. The officers are: President, Louis Leftwich; Sec- retary, Louis Feldman; Treasurer, Lee J. Loventhal. The rooms are open every day to members. State Penitentiary. The Tennessee State Penitentiary is located at the end of the West Nashville car line and is one of the finest of Tennessee's public institutions. A branch of the main prison is at Brushy Mountain in OEast Tennessee. There are about 1,100 prisoners in the main prison, which is comparatively new. The old prison was located on Church Street, and had an interesting history, it was here that Champ (Ferguson was hanged and other famous prisoners were confined within its walls. Tennessee Industrial School. Tn 1887 the late Col. E. W. Cole, bowed under the un- timely deatli of a beloved son, donated a beautiful site and building to the use and purposes of an industrial school for unfortunate children of Tennessee. At the head of the institution he placed Mr. W. C. Kilvington, a Cana- dian born, but for almost all bis life a citizen of America, and of the iSouth. 'It was called "The Randall Cole School." The institution sprung into favor almost in a night, so great was the need of it, and so handsomely was the gift sustained, and so ably managed. PUBLIC BUILDINGS 63 Indeed, so fast did it grow that in a short time the State was asked to take charge of it, accepting the gift as a nucleus to a larger institution. This was done, and with the impetus already achieved the institution for the youth of Tennessee swept grandly and without interruption on. to its present importance. Tlie first charter of the Randall Cole School stated that the school was for the ibenefit and protection of orphans, helpless and aJbandoned children. The act governing the institution declared that any judge or chairman of a county court in the State of Tennessee may cause to be brought before the court any child be- tween the age of six and sixteen, and coming within any of the descriptions named. The act further states that the school may receive any child placed there by its parents, without the authority of any court, and may keep it until twenty-one, unless taken away at the request of its parents, or released under au- thority of said school. !Also wihen any parent, or parents, wish to commit a child to the institution that they are un- able to control, they must first invoke the authority of the County Court. But the superintendent will not receive such child or children unless the maintenance of the child is guaranteed by said parents, or guardian, and it is made entirely subject to the rule and regulations of the institu- tion. Section 2 of the act expressly says: "^No child shall be committed to said school, or be received and retained there, on any ground than the one single ground that the interest and welfare of the child will probably be pvo- mo'ted." It also sets forth how the school is to have exclusive control of the child so committed. The first "Randall Cole charter" was surrendered to the State and the institution was rechartered under the title of the Tennessee Industrial School, the State taking over all properties, rights and privileges guaranteed the former institution under the original cliarter. The pro])- erties and entire equipment of the school and building are PUBLTG BUILDINGS 65 valued at $155,555. Every county in the State is repre- sented and Davidson alone has a represeutation of 124: Knox, 20; Hamilton, 14, and Shelby 40. The farm covers ninety-eight acres of beautiful rolling- land, every inch of which is in use. Boys and girls are given an education, and prepared for a useful and sub- stantial work in life from one of the many industrial branches taught. Cummins Station, In Cummins Station Nashville has an enormous build- ing of reinforced concrete in which the immense interests of fourteen leading wholesale firms are concentrated. The idea of providing such a building, in immediate touch with the railroads, was developed by "The Wholesale Merchants' Warehouse Company," and visitors to the city will find a trip through the big building very interesting. Insurance on the stock carried by the merchants i!i the old type of frame buildings formerly occupied by these merchants ranged from $1.80 to $2.20 per hundred, while in the new fireproof, reinforced concrete structure the rates were reduced to $0.40 per hundred, this item in itself representing an immense saving. The building is 500 feet long by 132 feet deep and four stories high, with basement and sub-basement. It is divided by walls of concrete blocked with compartments entirely separate from one another, each compartment comprising a complete wholesale warehouse, and as the building is located not only near the railroad but in the central part of the city as well, it constitutes the sole place of business in the city for each firm. The basement is paralleled by two railroad tracks an extension of the basement floor forming the unloading platform. A wide trucking platform also runs through basement, reaching all of the elevators. 66 -A^LL ABOUT NASHVILLE LIBRARY FACILITIES. N ASHVTL'LiE has unusual library facilities and sev eral hundred thousand books are available for public use every day in the year. The Tennessee .State Library, located at the State Capitol, is very valuable and contains more than 100.000 volumes. It came into existence in 1854. The Secretary of State was librarian ex-officio, receiving $150 per year for his services, and was expected to keep the library open "at least one day in every week." March 4, 1854, the General Assembly appropriated $5,000 fo-r the library, and in 1855 a law was enacted providing $500 a year for the purchase of books for the library. Return J. Meigs was librarian from 1854 to 1869, and Dr. Gattinger from that year until 1869. iSdnce that time the library has continued to grow in importance. The present librarian, Miss Mary iSkeffington, has unusual qualifications for the high position she holds and has taken the initiative in several forward steps that have greatly enhanced the value of the library. One of the most notable features developed during the administration of iMiss iSkeffington is that of the trav- eling sichool libraries for the rural districts, a system which takes the library to the doors of the people who cannot come to the library. The State Law Library is particularly valuable and is frequently consulted by lawyers from this and other States. The State Library is open to visitors each week day and Miss Skeffington is efficient and obliging in assisting the visitor or in show^ing interesting features of the library. Carnegie Library. Nashville has a valuable public treasure in the splen- did new Carnegie Library, with its sixty thousand vol- LIBRARY FACILITIES 67 umes. The handsome lilbrary building is on Eiglith avenue and Union street and is open to the public every day in the year and until 9 p. m. The reading rooms are attrac- tive and leave nothing to be desired in the way of com- fort, ibeauty or convenience. Especially valuable are the newspaper flies, some of them dating hack to the early part of the eighteenth century. The reference depart- ment is said to be one of the best in tlhe country, and every modern feature that has made for success in other librarie's of the loountry has been embodied in this insti- tution. As far back as 1850 the need of a public library was recognized in Nashville. In that year Capt. William Stockell became interested in estaJblishing a library for the benefit of the fire department, with which he was connected, and succeeded in establishing one in the old engine house on College street, near Broad. In 1876 Morton B. Howell, Judge IF'rank T. Reid and Dr. Henry Sheffield organized the Nashville Library. This library wag later taken in charge hy the Y. M. C. A., who cared for it until it was destroyed by fire. The Boiward Ldhrary was opened January 1, 1887. IM. iH. Howard, after con- sulting with Hon. John -M. Lea, made a donation of $15,000 for a public library. A charter was secured September 4, 1885, by W. F. Cooper, John M. Lea, Edgar Jones, William H. Jackson, Thomas H. Malone, James Whitworth and D. C. Kelley, and $10,000 of the Howard fund was expended for books to be placed in the cases that had been provided by the Watkins Institute Commissioners. It was not until 1896 that plans were set on foot for developing the library into an institution on advanced and proigresisive lines. Beginning January 1, 1901, the annual municipal appro- priation for the library was made $5,000 and preparations were begun at once to make the library circulation free to the public. April 22 the institution was made a free circulating library. Meanwhile the executive committee had written to Mr. Carnegie, asking for a donation for a modern library building. This correspondence resulted LIBRARY FACILITIES QQ in the proffer by Mr. Carne??ie of $100,000 for a building provided a site was furnislied and the city make an annual appropriation of 1 11,000 for maintaining the library. To carry out effectively this larger library movement the corporators of Howard Library transferred its collec- tion of books of the Carnegie Library of Nashville, duly incorporated, with the understanding that Mr. Howard' s beneficenioe should be isuitably recognized and kept in memory in the new building. The Library Board was fortunate in securing as a librarian Miss Mary Hannah Johnson, who has demon- strated remarkable capaJbility and efficiency in adminis- tration. The service of the Nashville Public Library has been brought within a few years to a degree of usefulness in all of its departments that is not surpassed by any of the older libraries in the country having a like means of maintenance. In some particulars it has taken the lead of other Southern libraries and especially in its co-op- eraitive school work it has originated a successful system that is recognized as a model and is being copied by other progressive libraries. George Peabody Library, Eispecially rich in rare and valuable volumes is that of tile George Peabody College for Teachers, located on the new Pealjody campus which adjoins Vanderbilt Uni- versity and is reached by the Biroadway-Hillsiboro or Broadway car line. More than 50,000 volumes are con- tained in this library, many of them rare, vellum^bound books, which are out of print. Some of the books bear the publishing date of 1628. The first collection of TDOoks was given in 1826 to the University of Nashville by the children of Dr. Philip Lindsey, President of that institu- tion, of which Peabody College is the outgrowth. This library is noted thi'oughout the country and scholars from distant States frequently come here to consult it. Miss Elizabeth Lee Bloomstein, long identified with the Pea- body College faculty, is librarian. 70 ^LL ABOUT NASHVILLE Vanderbilt Library. When the library of Vanderbilt University first opened in 1875 it contained a collection of 6,000 volumes of stand- ard and miscellaneous works. Many large additions, by purchase and gift, were made from time to time, and when College Hall was destroyed by fire in 1905 the entire university library consisted of 37,000 volumes. Of this number 23,478 volumes were stored in College Hall, and only 4,886 were saved froin the fire. For the year following the library was esitalblished in one of the build- ings on West Side Rofw, but in the summer of 1906 it was re-established in the old rooms in College Hall. Since the fire seven years ago an earnest effort has been made to restore the library, and so large a number of booiks has been purchased each year as could be afforded. These purchases have been selected with great care. A numbei of valua^ble gifts have 'been received since the fire, amount- ing to 7,000 volumes. The Anna Russell Cole Library of English, made by iMrs. E. W. Cole, has been advanced by the university and some very valuable books purchased. The reference department has grown in popularity among the students all over the city. The library subscribes for timely periodicals and receives a number of others gratis. Masonic Library. One of the oldest and most valuable of the pub- •lic libraries of Nashville is the Masonic Library, located on Church street. The library is for the use of Masons and their families, and it contains besides many books on iMasonry, fiction and miscellaneous hooks, as well as numerous papers and periodicals. Y. M. C. A. Library. When comipleted the library of the new Young Men's Christian Association will he one of the handsomest in the iSouth. The library will be a memorial to Prof. W. R. Wdbib, of Bellbuckle, one of the best beloved men in the South, whose name has been identified with Y. M. C. A. LIBRARY FACILITIES 71 work since its very be^nning in Tennessee, and whose life-work lias been for the uplift of young men. It has long been the desire of a number of the leadin;^- alumni of Webb's School to honor their beloved preceptor while he lives, and the completion of the new Y. M. C. A. offered an ideal opportunity. The beautiful idea of estab- lishing a memorial library was no sooner suggested than it found immediate favor and the sum of $10,000 is being raised among the former students, friends and admirers of Professor "Webb with which to equip the Webb Memo- rial Library of the Nashville Y. M. C. A. Elks' Library. At the Elks' Club, on Sixth Avenue, North, there is a ibeautiifully appointed, well equipped library with a libra- rian constantly in charge. The library is circulating in form and is intended for the Elks and their rfamilies. Y. W. C. A. Library. The Y. W. C. A. Library, donated by Mrs. John Hill Bakin in memory of her mother and known as the "Ophe- lia Atchison LibraiT,'' is one of the most excellent of the smaller libraries of the city. The collection includes a wide i-ange of booilcs (both for recreation and educational purposes. Mrs. Ealdn is constantly adding books and no feature of the association is more appreciated. Railroad Library. The iLouisville & Nashville Library, with its 8,350 volumes of splendidly selected literature, is one of the best of the city's circulating libraries, and is open, without cost, to the employes of the road and to their families. The efficient librarian, Mr. Thomas Gibson, has been in charge since 1895. Blind School Library. In 1879 Congress set apart $250,000, the interest of which was to be used for printing books far the blind of 72 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE this country. This amount was to be divided among the various State schools according to the nunHber of pupils in each. By this generosity the humble beginning has made possible the present library of 4,000 volumes in the Tennessee Schooil for the Blind. As Congress a few years ago allowed embossed books to pass through the mails free, the school library is now a circulating library for the blind of the State. Traveling Libraries. The Tennessee Library Commission has established a system of libraries for the rural communities of the State which is in the beginninig of a very useful existence. Mrs. Pearl Williams Kelley is State (Secretary of this work with offices at the State Capitol. Upon application to Mrs. Kelley a collection of books on any given subject will be shipped to any point in Tennessee, and this work has grown by leaps and bounds since iMrs. Kelley took charge of it in 1911. Prison Library. One of the newest and most interesting of the libra ries in Nashville is that recently established at the State Prison. Governor Ben W. Hooper has given his hearty co-operation, in inaugurating this library, and already hundreds of volumes have been donated. The proposed library building at the prison will be a replica of the Parthenon, and all of the work is being done by the convicts themselves, even to making the bricks. iWjhile those mentioned are the leading- libraries of Nashville, they are by no means all. The vaiious schools, colleges and universities have splendid libraries many of them extensive and valuable, and there are many others in the public institutions of the city as well as many valuable private collections. 74 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE STATE INSTITUTIONS. Tennessee Reformatory for Boys. L ARGBLY through the efforts of the ladies of the Nashville Boys' Club and certain members of the Nashville Board of Trade, the General As- sembly of the State oif Tennessee in 1907 estab- lished an institution to be known as the Tennes- see Reformatory for Boys and appropriated the sum of $10,000 to the institution. Its management was vested in a board of five trustees, to be appointed by the Gov- ernor, each member to serve for five years. The Leg- islative act iprovided that all boys under the age of 18 years who have been convicted of an offense punishable by confinement in the penitentiary shall be sentenced to and confined in the Reformatory, and also established a system of pardon and release on probation under con ditions when this would appear to be to the best interest of a boy committed to the institution. It also empow- ered the Board of Trustees to introduce and carry on an> branch of mechanical, industrial or agricultural pursuit that it may deem to the best interest oi the inmates of the ^Reformatory. The purpose of the institution is therefore to keep the criminal class of boys out of penitentiaries and work- houses and place them where they will be trained to useful pursuits, separated from all contact with hardened criminals and stimulated to the attainment of worthy ambitions. The following gentlemen constitute the Board of Trustees: Mr. James \Palmer, of Nashville, Chairman; Judge B. D. Bell, Gallatin; Prof. W. C. Kilvington, Super- intendent of the Tennessee Industrial School; Mr. Mel- ville Williams, Nashville, and Mr. John H. DeWitt, Nash ville. Secretary. The Governor of Tennessee is ex-officio a member. Mr. W. M. Hard is Superintendent. STATE INSTITUTIONS 75 The Board of Trustees was compelled to expend the $10,000 in the purchase of a farm, and it acquired for the State for this purpose a very rich farm of 110 acres at Jordonia, about five miles north of the city of Nash- ville and near the Hyde's Ferry road. Not until 1911 did the General Assembly make further appropriation, but early in 1911, by a unanimous vote of both houses, it appropriated the sum of $50,000 for the erection of build- ings and the purchase of equipment, and also $10,000 for additional lands. A further apipropriation for the maintenance of the institution was made. The trustees purchased 56 acres between the farm and the Tennessee Central Railroad, making 166 acres of very fertile land. The Reformatory was opened in February, 1912, and the permanent buildings, when completed, will afford facilities for the care of hundreds of boys. The establishment and maintenance of this Reforma- tory is not only a vital and necessary undertaking itself, but it is closely allied with the Juvenile Court system and every other work for the redemption and training of children who are delinquent, abandoned, incorrigible or criminal. It is a great system of humane work, and it is a fortunate fact that in regard to it there has been practically no division of opinion among- the citizens or among the members of the General Assembly. ^ ^ ^ Confederate Soldiers ' Home. The Tennessee Confederate Soldiers' Home is located on a part of the Hermitage farm and is reached by the Tennessee Central iRailroad. The State of Tennessee has been the owner of the Hermitage tract since 1854, but permitted Mrs. Andrew Jackson, the widow of the adopted son of Gen. Jackson, to occupy it, free of rent, until she died in 1888. Through the efforts of Frank Cheatham Bivouac of Confederate soldiers the Legislature of 1889 gave to the Confederate 76 '^J^T^ ABOUT NASHVILLE soldiers four hundred and seventy-five acres of the Her- mitage tract tor a Confederate Soldiers' Home, and at the same time appropriated $10,000. This appropriation being wholly insufficient, the ladies of Nashville organ- ized and .chartered what is known as the "Ladies' Auxil- iary to the Confederate Soldiers' Home." This organi- zation raised and turned over to the trustees during the first year $6,200, and it continued to work for tlie Home until the spring of 1892, the Legislature in the mean- time making appropriations that amply provided for the absolute needs of the inmates, minus the luxuries and delicacies needed for the sick. Since the organization of the United Daughters of the Confederacy about 1892 the personal attention to the needs of the soldiers in the Home has been their affectionate care. 4" ^ 4* Tennessee School for the Blind. The Tennessee School for the Blind is one of the greatest of tbe State institutions erected in Nashville. The building lils large and of handsome design and the grounds are spacious and attractive. The Wharf avenue street car, which leaves the trans- fer station every ten minutes, passes the school. The bistory of the establishment of the Tennessee School for the Blind is interesting. In 1844 an exhibitiiton was given in one of the Nash- ville churches of the ability of the blind to read em- bossed letters by the sense of touch. A good audience was aasemlbled, to whom the method of reading by fingers was new and surprisiing. The exhibition at once awaikened an enthusiastic in- terest in the education of the blind. Donations were offered, then and there, subscriptions taken and a house rented and furnished. In 184G a charter was granted to the school and a legislative appropriation was made for its maintenance. 78 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE In. 1852 an appropriation was obtained for building upon the site to be donated by the citizens of Nashville, and in January, 1853, the building was occupiied. Addi- tions were made from time to time and the grounds were improved. In November, 1861, it was seized for a Confederate hosipiital, and the pupils were distributed in private resi- dences. iShortly after the fall of Fort Donelson, February, 1802, the building was taken for a Federal hospital. In November of the same year the building, together with all surrounding improvements, was entirely de- stroyed by order of St. Clair Morton, chief engineer of the Army of the Ohio. Jin 1867 the school was reorganized and in October, 1872, the Hon. John M. Lea purchased for $15,000 the present site. The iLegislative Assembly of 1873 appropriated $40,- 000 and the next Legislature added an appropriation of $30,000. Other appropriations have since been made and the school is today one of the leading linstitutions of the kind in the South. Masonic Home. The Masonic iWidows and Orphans Home is one of the leading benevolent institutions in Tennessee. It is located four miles out on tlie Gallatin pike. New buildings are in course of erection, the infirmai'y being the especia' work of the Order of the Eastern Star. A fine library, collected largely through the efforts of Mr. John Eastman, has recently been added, and the insti- tution is a home in every sense that the word implies. Tennessee Baptist Orphans' Home. The Baptists of Tennessee are caring for their or- l)hans handsomely. The new Industrial Home of the insti- HTATE INSTITUTIONS 79 tutiou is situated twelve miles out from Nashville on the Franikliu road, and is reached by the Interurban line and by the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. When entirely completed as contemplated the grounds and buildings will represent an outlay of about $50,000. Five substantial buildings are included in the general plan, and tlhe industrial features are to be stressed. The baby home has been the affectionate care of the Baptist woimen of Tennessee, while the hospital was given by one man. The farm comprises 165 acres of valuable land and includes a bold spring, which is considered a great asset. Rev. W. J. Stewart is general superintendent. An average of sixty children is kept in the home. Protestant Orphan Asylum. The ProtesLant Orphan Asylum is one of Nashville's greatest benevolent institutions. The home owns and occupies the ante-bellum residence of Dr. C. D. Elliott, which is situated just south of the city limits on the Harding road. This institution was established sixtj'-seven years ago and during the past year 106 children were taken into the home. A competent teacher has charge of the school room, the work being conducted along the lines of the public schools, but modified to meet the individual intelligence of the pupil. One afternoon of each week is given to the sewing class. The children are always most interested pupils. The children attend Sunday morning services at the nearby churches, and in the afternoon have Sunday School at the home. The officers of the Board of Managers are: Mrs. W. G. Ewing, President; Mrs. R. W. Turner, First Vice- President; Mrs. W. D. Gale, Jr., Second Vice-President; Mrs. R. H. Young, Third Vice-IPi-esident; Mirs. J. B. Mor- gan, Treasurer: Mrs. Wm. E, MoNeilly, Corresponding 80 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE Secretary; Mrs. P. H. Manlove, [Recording Secretary; Dr. W. A. O'ugbterson, Physician; Messrs. 'Lewis Hall and Joe Knowles, Superintendents of Sunday Sichool. Central Hospital for the Insane. In November, 1847, Miss D. L. Dix, while on a tour of the Southern States, visited Nashville in the interest of the unfortunate insane of this iState. Finding the accom- modations for the insane inadequate to their needs, she prevailed upon the Legislature, then in session, to make provision for the comfortable accommodation of 250 pa- tients. So eloquently did she plead her cause that an act was passed February 5, 1848, to establish a "hospital for the insane." The site selected was a farm of 255 acres sit- uated about six and one-half miles from Nashville on the Murfreesboro road. The original building was of a castelated style of architecture, having flat roofs, surrounded by battlements with octagonal towers at the corners. (And, in after years, when the front walls were covered with ivy, the view to an approaching visitor, emerging from the surrounding park, gave an impression of mediaeval times. . The hos- pital was opened for the reception of patients March 1, 1862, with Dr. William A. Cheatham as superintendent. October 1, 1853, the numlber of inmates was 100. The institution maintained its standard through the trying times of the civil war, and gained an appropriation of $10,000 in 1866 for a colored department, which was the first institution of this kind in the South. Mr. John Callender's administration extended over twenty-five years. During this time additional hospitals for the insane were built at Knoxville in East Tennessee and at Bolivar in West Tennessee. December 19, 1894, Dr. John A. Beauchamp became superintendent. Dr. Beauchamp died after forty years of service and was succeeded by Dr. A. E. Douglas, the present superintendent. Frequent additions to the building have been made within recent years. MASONIC WIDOWS AND ORPHANS HOME. 82 iLL AIUXT NASHVILLE The Old Woman s Home. mHiE Old Woman's Home is on West End Avenue, its very appearance beautiful and spacious, indi- cating the gracious hospitality and comfort con- ferred on its inmates. In it are gathered about thirty Christian gentlewomen, who are without means of support, and it has brought to their helpless old age happiness and contentment. The Broadway cars pass the door. The building, of red brick, is very attractive archi- tecturally. There is a large porch in front with tall white columns. The interior arrangement is ideal for its pur- pose, the building- forming three sides of a hollow square, affording a sufficiency of light and air. The building is lighted by electricity; equipped with an up-to-date heat- ing iilant; has polished floors throughout, and attractive woodwork. The third floor is arranged as a storage room. The charter for this work was taken out in 1891 by a few earnest Christian women who realized its great necessity, and while no special appeal has been made to the public, its very nature and flne results have raised many friends and supporters. Current expenses are met by membership dues, private contributions, an appropria- tion from the County Court, the interest derived from several legacies, and the memorial livings. It is the earnest desire of the managers to encourage among its patrons the establishment of these "livings." It requires only $2,500 to support one inmate in per- petuity. These endowed rooms are marked by a brass plate on the door and will stand as a monument to the generosity of the donor. Rooms have been endowed by Mrs. S. J. Keith, Mrs. Wm. Morrow, Mrs. J. S. Reeves, Mrs. B. F. Wilson, the Lanier-Kyle room, four Rachel Stockell rooms, and Mrs. John Miller McKee. STATE INSTITUTIONS Blind Girls' Home The Blind Girls' Home is located in East Nashville, on Forest Avenue and Fourteenth Street. It may be reached by the Gallatin car. The Home was founded in 1901, and the original Home was a building on the corner of Summer and Clay Streets and was the gift of /Mrs. D. H. Bailey to the Fear Not Circle of King's Daughters. The place was given for the purpose of caring for homeless blind girls. There are now fourteen women in the home, which is under the care of the Fear Not Circle. The State assists in maintaining this Home. Nashville Wesley House. Niashville Wesley House is supported 'by the 'Methodist churches of the city and is located at 243 Filmore Street. It is reached by the Fairfield car. It is controlled and managed by a board consisting of five representatives from each church. Regular settlement work is carried on and the institution is one of the most valuable among the city's charities. The institution was opened in 1901 and was then called the South Nashville Settlement Home. Miss Louise 'MicHenry was the first teacher. By order of the Woman's Board of Missions of the IMethodist Episcopal Church, South, under whose aiispices the home is operated, all such institutions under its control were called Wesley House. Bertha Fensterwald Settlement Home Second to none is the Bertha Fensterwald Settlement Workers. This earnest body of women has a most com plete Settlement Home, where splendid work is done. Classes in sewing, cooking and all the other domestic arts are taught. The kindergarten, kitchen, gardens and many other departments are all under -capable super- vision. Mrs. Teitlebaum is President, with an able corps of fellow workers. MAX BLOOMSTEIN SOLE PROPRIETOR OF Max Bloomstein's Pharmacy Has been in retail drug" business for the past 25 years. ^ The best of everything has always been the watchword of this establishment. ^ Employs four graduates of Van- derbilt School of Pharmacy in Prescription Department. Full Line of Domestic and Imported Perfumes and Toilet Articles Fancy Candies in All Sizes of Boxes Soda Fountain Goes Summer and Winter Excellent Hot Lunch for 15c LOCATION: 506-508 CHURCH STREET STATE INSTITUTIONS §5 Little Sisters of the Poor The Little Sisters of the Poor arrived in Nashville Dec. 22, 1903, and after only three days' preparation opened their Home Christmas Day in the old St. Mary's Oi-phanage on the Murfreesiboro pike, which had been given them by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Byrne. Bishop Byrne assisted in many ways, and the people of iNashville gave generously. New Year's Day, 1904, the first old lady found a home beneath their roof, and others followed. In 1905 they bought land on Main Street in East Nashville and erected the present large and commodious three-story building, in which are homed comfortably forty-eight old men and women, of almost all denominations and several nationalities. The only conditions for admission are that the applicant be of good moral character, destitute, and not less than 60 years of age. Any and all religious de- nominations are admitted. Visitors are received every day from 2 till 5 p. m. The Little Sisters of the Poor depend absolutely on the generosity of the public for the maintenance of these old and helpless fellow-creatures, and they assure the visitor with cheerful smiles that their confidence has never been misplaced. There are fifty-six similar homes in the United States. Eleven Sisters care for the one in Nashville. Day Homes At the suggestion of members of "The Flower Mission" in the spring of 1886 an organized movement to establish a "Day Home" for working women's children was started. The Polk and Scott Street Day Home was later built and Mrs. Mary F. Hart was the first President of the Ladies' Auxiliary having It in charge. The officers are: Mrs. F. H. Benjamin, President; Mrs. H. B. Stubblefield, Vice-President; Mrs. John D. Wil- son, Second Vice-President; Mrs. David Spencer Hill, Sec- retary; Mrs. D. W. Harts, Treasurer. 86 ALJ^ ABOUT NAf^HVILLE The Young Women's Auxiliary to the Scott Street Day Honae was organized March 23, 1910, at the Home, the purpose being to assist the ladies of the Polk and Scott Street Day Home in any way suggested to maintain the Home. The officers are: Miss Pauline Wi'een, Presi- dent; Miss Helen Hunt, Vice-President; Miss Louise Stub- blefield, Secretary: 'Miss M. Elizabeth Davidson, Treas- urer. Florence Crittenden Home One of the greatest of the city's public institutions is the Florence Crittenden Home, located at 613 Ewing Ave- nue (take South High car). (Mrs. R. K. Hargrove, widow of the late Bishop Hargrove, of the iMethodist Episcopal Church, South, is President of the Board of Managers, and devotes much of her time to this noble work. St. Mary's Orphanage. One of the great Catholic institutions of Tennessee is St. iMary's Orphanage, situated four miles from Nash- ville on the Harding road. The history of the institu- tion dates hack to the early days of the Catholic Church in Nashville. Sister 'Mary Teresa is in charge and about ninety children are cared for. Monroe Harding Orphanage. The iMonroe Harding Orphanage is situated at 1621 Salem Street. It does a great work and is under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church. BEyEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS 87 BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS. The United Charities, mHE United Charities is the greatest organized char- itable organizations of Nashville, and in the many years of its existence the very ibest systems of dealing with the serious problems that confront such organizations have been worked out and adopted. Miss Fannie Battle is General Secretary, and the tel- ephone number of her office is Main 480. The general officers are located on Park Place, opposite the east gate of the Capitol grounds. The officers are: Vice-President, H. G. Lipscomb; Recording Secretary, John D^Witt: Treasurer, John Early; General Secretary, Miss Fannie Battle. Assistant Secre^ taries are Miss Hattie Davis, Mrs. S. S. Booth, Mrs. Jennie Kirby, Frank M. Houser. The Directors are .Maj. C. T. Cheek, W. C. Collier, Gen. Gates P. Thruston, A. B. Hill, Dr. W. C. Gillespie, T. U Herbert and A. H. Robinson. Fresh Air Camp Under the auspices of the United Charities, Nashville has a great institution in the Fresh Air Camp, called "Camp Thomas" in honor cf the late Maj. Jolin W Thomas, who did so much for the work in its struggling infancy. The camp is situated near Craggie Hope, an attractive summer resort on the Nashville, Chattanooga ci- St. Louis Railway, twenty-fnur niilrs from Xashvillc The camp is now well equipped for caring for the hundreds of children and grown people who are sent to the pleasant retreat during the hot months. The camj) is now kept open in the winter, and a number are cared for all the year round. The buildings include dormitories for boys and girls, neat and comfortable cottages dotted about through the ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE trees on the gentle sloping hillsides, a children's temple and other necessary buildings. Others are in contemplation. The camp is formally opened In June of each year, and sick children and tired mothers are sent down in the care of competent attend- ants and kept until healtli and strength return. FRESH AIR CAMP. The Commercial Travelers have recently undertaken the erection of a greatly-needed "baby building ot nursery at the camp, and have contributed liberally to the fund. Mr. J. C. Quinn has been the moving spirit in arousing an interest among the traveling men. King's Daughters There are sixteen circles of King's Daughters in Da- vidson County. Mrs. W!. E. Norvell, State Secretary, lives in Nashville. The circles and their leaders are: Adriel Circle, Mrs. Felix Schvpab. Carey Watkins Circle, 'Miss iMamie Rouser. BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS 89 ^Earnest Circle, Mrs. Wm. Woolwine. FJlizabeth M. Norvell Circle, Mrs. W. 'L. Figgins. Bliel Circle, Mrs. Wra. West. Fear Not Circle, Mrs. Alice Wilkinson. Fidelia Circle, Miss Naitna Bullington. Golden Rule Circle, Miss Fannie Battle. Hananiah Circle, Mrs. R. H. Spain. King's Jewels Circle, Mrs. B. R, Fl-eeman. Labor of Love Circle, !Mrs. W. A. Tennison. Loving Circle, Mrs. Charles Price. 'Madison Circle, Mrs. Douglas Anderson. Steadfast Circle, Mrs. J. W. Blair. Sunshine Circle, Miss Lillian joy. Willing Circle, iMrs. Etigene Crutcher. Girls' Charity Circle The Girls' Charity Circle of the Watkins Settlement Home- was organized in 1904 by ;Mrs. W. (P. Rutland, at her home. The object of the circle is the maintenance of the Home and to assist in teaching in the various de- partments. The Home has a kindergarten, sewing and cooking classes, dispensaiT, boys' club and a department, of physical culture. The officers are: President, IMrs. Margaret Whit- worth; Vice-President, IMrs. William P. Rutland; Secre- tary, Miss 'Elizabeth Ransom; Treasurer, Miss C. Agnes Kuhn. Vanderbilt Aid Society Among the clubs or organizations which have philan- thropy for their object is the Vanderbilt Woman's Aid Society. Its object is to give such aid to struggling stu- dents at the University as will enable them to complete their course and gain an equipment with which they can face life on a firm basis. This society has a remarkable record. Of all the hundreds of dollars lent out not one 90 ALL ABOr T S'AHII VILLI-: single one lias ever been lost. The loans are made through Chancellor Kirkland, who annually reports to the society. The officers are: President, 'Mrs. W. W. Berry; First Vice-President, Mrs. G. N. Tillman; iSecond Vice-President. B. F. Wilson; Third Vice-President, Mrs. William Herman; Recording Secretary, iMrs. A. B. Hill; Corresponding Sec- retary, Mrs. Dempsey Weaver; Treasurer, Mrs. Joseph B, Mogan. The amount of money loaned during the school year of 1910-11 amounted to $1,926.50. Council of Jewish Women The Nashville Section of the Council of Jewish Women was organized in September, 1901, and is under the work- ing.s of the National Council. The organization endeavors to further the best interests of humanity in fields relig- ious, philanthropic and educational. The first President was Mrs. Lou Lebeok. The present officers are: President, Mrs. Harry Weil; First Vice-President, Mrs. Joe Abrams; Treasurer, Mrs. 'Sam Hirsch; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. Percy Lovenhart; Recording Secretary, Miss Bettie Cohn. Swiss Relief Society The estimated aggregate number of Swiss people in and about Nashville ranges between 1,500 and 2,000; those of the State between 18,000 and 20,000. As early as 1845 a number of Swiss immigrants settled in Nashville and in Davidson County. These Swiss pioneers organized in 1857 the "^Swiss Relief iSociety," started for the purpose of relieving any conditions of distress that might arise among their countrymen. The society has enrolled over 600 members. Those who organized the society were J. Kunz, first President; iM. Meier, Vice-President: L. Lehman, Treasurer; J. C. Fehr, Secretary. The Swiss were the first in Tennessee to advocate the free school system. BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS 91 Hebrew Relief Society The Hebrew Relief Society does a splendid work in a very quiet way. The officers are: Rabbi I. Lewinthal, President; Sam Levy, Vice-iPresident; Dave Cline, Secre- tary; John Fishel, Treasurer. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, Rev. James I. Vance, Pastor. 92 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE CHURCH INTERESTS. Presbyterian (U. S.) fflIiERE are eleven "Southern" Presbyterian Churches The iFirst Presbyterian Chruch was organized in Nashville by Rev. Thomas B. Craighead Nov. 14, 1814, the meeting being held in the Courthouse. Services had been held, however, since 1815. In 1816 a "Society House" was erected, but the building was burned in 1848. The first church on the present site was built in 1816, and was burned Jan. 29, 1832. A new church, which cost $30,000, was dedicated in the fall of 1833 and was burned Sept. 14, 1848. The cornerstone of the present edifice was laid Sat- urday, AjpTil 28, 1849, and worship was held ifor the first time in the lecture room January 5, 1850. The house cost $51,000. The arch.itecture is Egyptian, and the two front towers are 104 feet high. The main auditorium has a seating capacity of 1,300. The building was almost wholly unroofed by a storm in 1855 and again in 1859. It was occupied as an army hospital by the United States Government froim December 31, 1862, until June, 1865. After this $8,000 was sipent in repairs, $7,500 of which was received from the Government as a compen- sation for damages. In 1867 the bell, weighing 4,81'5 pounds, was presented by Mrs. Adelicia Acklen, afterwards Mrs. William A. Cheatham. The Second Presbyterian Chua'ch, in North Nashville, is also full of historic interest. It was organized in 1843. The Cottage Presbyterian Church, in Soutih Nashville, was organized in 1850. This church grew out of a Sunday School of fifteen or twenty children, taught sometimes in the shade of the trees on a vacant lot and sometimes in the small brick kitchen of the Stephens home. The first CHURCH INTERESTS 93 class ocioupied the tongue of a convenient wagon for a seat. 'Tlhe present ciiurcli wias erected in 1852 at a cost of $11,000. A day school was taught there previous to 1859 and during the war the building was used as a hos- pital, iln 1865 the United States Quartermaster restored and partially repaired the house. MOORE MEMORIAL. Moore Memorial Presbyterian Church, located on Broadway, near Sixteenth Avenue, now one of the leading churches of the city, is the outgrowth of a Mission 'Sun- day School held for several years in a cabin on McNairy 'Street. The church was organized November 23, 1873. Rev. Frank B. Moore, of Covington, Ky., then a young man just entering the ministry, was active in forming the church and was its first pastor. The church was erected In 1873 at a cost of $20,000, and the lot cost $4,000 more The church was named "MOore Memorial" in honor of its first pastor. The offices of the Executive Committee of Foreign Mis sions of the Presbyterian Church are located in the Church House of the First Presbyterian Church, Fifth Avenue and the ^monthly meetings are held here. The Secretaries are Dr. S. H. Chester and Dr. Egbert W. iSniith; Rev H. F. Williams has charge of the educational department and Mr. W. H. Raymond is Treasurer. Leading Presbyterian Churches of Nashville, in ad dition to those mentioned, are: Woodland Street Church West Nashville Church, Glen Leven Church. Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Nashville is headquarters for iSouthern Methodism, and the interests of 2,000,000 members are centered here in the great [Publishing House of the Church, located on Broad Street. There are thirty-eight Methodist (Southern) Churches in Nashville. McKendree, on Church (Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues, is the oldest and has a history of thrilling interest. 94 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE 'In 1806 the name of the Nasiiville Circuit first ap- pears upon the record. At the Conference in Cincinnati O€tober 1, 1811, a new Presiding Elder's district, confined alniost exclusively to what is now -Middle Tennessee, was formed. The Tennessee Conference was formed at Fountain Head, Sumner County, November 1, 1812. In 1818 the town of Nashville, which had previously been the head of a circuit, became a separate charge. The first Methodist meeting house in Nashville was built of stone, as early as 1789 or 1790, and stood upon the Public Square. This was removed to maike way for public improvements, and the meetings were transferred to the jail, of which Edward D. Hobtbs, a zealous member of the church, was keeper, and also to the residence of 'Mr. Garrett on the Franklin road, ten miles from the Court- house. In 1812 a lot was secured in "the outskirts of the city," now Broad street, near where the new High School building stands, and a brick edifice was erected. The Legislature of the State at one time met in this building. In 1817 the house of worship was found to be ''too re- mote from the center of population," and another was erected on iChurch Street between Cherry and College. TMs was the principal iMethodist Church in Nashville until 1832. With the occupation of this house Nashville became a station. Rev. John Johnson was assigned to it with "an allowance of his table expenses, one hundred 'dollars each to himself and wife annually, and sixteen dollars for each child under seven years of age." In writ- ing of him afterwards his wife said: "This was an ample allowance." Here the first 'Methodist Sunday School in Middle Tennessee was organized. •As the result of a great revival in 1831-32 a spacious edifice was erected on the present McKendree site. The first sermon in this church was preached in 1833 by Bisho;-) MicKendree. CHURCH INTERESTS 95 A new church was begun on the site in November, 1876, and the corner stone was laid in 1877. The entire cost of the church was about $30,000. In tlie to'wer was hung the bell of the old McKendree Church. This bell was donated to the church in 1838 by Harry Hill. This beautiful building was destroyed by fire in 1879, soon after its completion. The still finer building erected on the same spot was also burned. The present handisonie struc- ture is the fourth church on this site. On Federal occupation the churches which were not destroyed were turned into hospitals or used by Nbrthern Bishops. When the Confederate troops and citizens returned at the close of the war the McKendree Church and par sonage were occupied by Rev. Mr. Gee, an appointee of a Northern Bishop; Andrew Church was occupied by colored people, protected by the United States troops; Clailwrne and Spruce 'Street churches were destroyed; Hobson was a Government meat shop; iNorth (Eidgefield had been torn down for material, and the African churches occupied by colored refugees. iMulberry was a forage depot. The leading Methodist churches in the city now are McKendree, West End, Elm Street, Carroll Street, Waverly Place, Monroe Street, Hobson, Tuliip Street and McFerrin (Memorial. The Board of Missions, the College of Bishops and other important bodies meet here annually. Baptist. it is said that there were several Baptists with James Robertson's party when they passed through the wilder- ness and founded the town of Nashville. The first Baptist Church in this section of the ter- ritory was gathered in 1786 on one of the branches ot Red River, called Sulphur Fork, about forty miles from Nashville. Aboiit the year 1783 the church was dispersed by the Indians. 96 ^LL ABOUT NASHVILLE iln the course of five or six years from this date five churches were gathered, and in 1796 they were em- ibodied in an association called Mero District 'Assoiciatiou, which then comprised all the counties in the Cumberland country. At the annual session, 1803, on account of internal difficulties, the association dissolved its constitution and organized another body, called the Cumberland Associa- tion. The new body contained fifteen cb.urches at its be- ginning. So great was its ip'ro'sperity that it had in a short time increased to thirty-nine churches and 1,900 members. Its bounds had become so extensive that it was thought another division was necessary. The new association formed by this division was called the Red River Association. Eighteen hundred and thirty-three may be regarded as a new era in the history of the Baptists in Tennessee. The initiative of an organization was taken in Middle Tennessee by three leading ministers, Peter f the King are rep- resented, and the "Wioman's Auxiliary to the Board of Mis- sions has a record of twenty-three years of faithful service in the Diocese. Christ Church was first located on Church iStreet, the location of this and other churches on this thoroughfarv> giving rise to the name the street still bears. Christ Church is now one of the handsomest churches of the city and is located on Broadway and Ninth Avenue. CHURCH OF THE ADVENT. The Church of the Advent is one of the leading E'pis- coipal churches of the city. The history of its origin is very interesting. In 1857 the rector of Christ Church, Rev. Mr. Tomes, called a meeting of the congregation and proposed that, as there were so many who desired to attend services who could not be seated, that the pews ibe free for one year as an experiment. Some declined to relinquish their pews which they had possession of by fee simple. A few days later a num)l)er of communicants froin Christ Church met at No. 30 Public Square and organized a new parish and voted its name "The Church of the Advent." Rev. Charles Tomes became rector, and through the generosity of Mr. John Kirkman, the owner of Odd 102 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE Fellows' Hall, the use of that building was secured for services. Rev. 'Mr. Tomes was taken siok just before the opening service and died in about one month. Rev. Charles M. Armistead became rector in January, 1858. The vestry purchased a lot on Seventh Avenue, North, and the first service was held in the church built on the lot on Easter morning, 1866. MCKENDREE METHODIST CHURCH, Rev. J. S. French, Pastor. CHURCH INTERESTS 103 In the fall of 1865 Dr. Duntord was elected Bishop of the Diocese of Tennessee. The quaint and striking arclii tecture of the church, covered as it has been for years with ivy, and its interesting- history, around which so many memories cling, have made it very interesting, espe- cially to Eipiseopalians. The church proiperty was sold to the iFirst Church of Christ, Scientist, in 1911 and has been remodeled and en- larged for the use of this congregation. The new Church of the Advent is one of the hand- somest pieces of church property in Nashville. The leading Etpi&copai Churches in Nashville are: Christ Church, Church of the Advent, and St. Ann's Church, which is located on Woodland Street (Bast). The Rev. Mercer IP. Logan is rector of the latter. Cumberland Presbyterian Church The Ciumlberland Presbyterian Church was organized in Dickson Co'unt.v, Tennessee, in February, 1810, and owes its origin mainly to what is known as "The Great Revival of 1810." In a pamphlet issued by the C'umJberland Pres- bytery upon the occasion of the centennial anniversary in 1910 is this statement concerning the organization of the church: "Cumberland Presbytery began to ordain pious men who were not endowed with a classical education as demanded by the Presbyterian Church, and they adopted the West- minster Confession only so far as they believed that it conformed to the Word of God, and rejected the teachings of fatality under the mysterious doctrines of predestina tion and foreordination. Cumberland Presbytery was dis- solved, but these faithful men of God continued to supply the means of grace in the wilderness, and met from time to time as a 'Council.' For seven years they strug- gled for a restoration of their rights. Finally, in Febniary, 1810, Finis Ewing and Samuel King, deposed ministers. and iEphraim McLean, a candidate for the ministry, re- paired to the home of Samuel McAdow, in Dickson County, 104 ii>^ ABOUT NASHVILLE Tennessee. These men were much in prayer, and, not being able to reach a conclusion, they agreed to separate and engage in prayer for divine light and guidance. Finis Ewlng went up into a grove near the iMciAdow home (an old two-room log caljin) and spent the night in prayer, calling on God for light and guidance. Finally God heard and answered the prayers, and on the morning of Feb- ruary 4, 1819, they constituted Cunnberland Pres'bytery as an independent body, and their first Presbyterian act was to ordain young IMclLean into the full work of the min- istry. The Cumberland Presbyterian Church grew from this humble ibeginning." A few years ago many of the members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church united with the Presby- terian Church in the United -States. There were many, however, who remained loyal to Cumberland Presibyterian ism and the church was divided into "Loyalists'' and "Unionists." In the entanglements regarding titles to church property which followed the courts were resorted to and many of the cases are still pending. The Cumberland Presbyterian Publishing House, lo- cated at Nashville, is a valuable property, and by the decision of the Supreme Court was retaken by the iCum- berland Pres'byterians. The leading Cumberland Presbyterian Churches of Nashville are the Russell Street Cumberland Presbyterian Church (East), Addison Avenue Cumberland Presbyterian Church (West), Grace Cumberland Presbyterian Church (South). There are seven churches of this denomination in the city. The most historic is the First Church, now in ruins on Seventh Avenue, North, and Commerce Street. Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. The Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., has twelve con- gregations in Nashville, with a large membership. The leading church is the Broadway Presbyterian Church, of which Rev. T. A. WSgginton is pastor. Tbe congregation has recently erected a handsome new church, which Is /f .' .- -■ ■ ■ .. ■ - ' For li?qc!i''i!iri5.Sk-ill. aici^irk'r^^och'Oi-: (?v- l.i''l''rh'iuaii^?!:i|T 111 u>;coi-Joii^c uiitli t;;o C 'onniiittco'^ Report. Xn iiibc roJ 'C-l-'i ? THE ELLIOTT CEES: GOLD MEDAL AWARDED TO UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITER GO. FOR INGENUITY, SKILL and PERFECTION of WORKMANSHIP, AS DISPLAYED IN THE UNDERWOOD STANDARD TYPEWRITER The Machine You Will £venluall^ ^uy NASHVILLE BRANCH, 329 UNION ST. m CHURCH INTERESTS 105 reached by Broadway, Broadway-'Hillsboro, Broad Street or Broadway-West End cars. The Russell Street Church and Grace Church are among the prominent churches of this denomination. Reformed Church. The Nashville Reformed Church was organized in 1890 by Rev. J. Von Crueninger and 'has a church on Ninth Avenue, North. His successors were Rev. Messrs. E'bbin- shouser, Goutenbein, Keller, Heck and Vogt, the present pastor. Lutheran Church. Lutheran congregations in Tennessee were organized as early as 1800. The first ILutheran Church in Tennessee was organized near Sheltiyviile about 1825 by the Rev. William Jenkins, who must be looked upon as the pioneer pastor of iLiutheranism in these regions. The first German [Evangelical Lutheran Church of Nashville was organized in 1859, and the work prospered until 1861. Until the fall of Fort Donelson services were continued uninterrupted in the Courthouse, when the Federal army took possession of it. An invitation to hold services in the German Methodist Church was ac- cepted, and later services were held in the council room, but as soldiers were quartered above it this was soon abandoned. Services were then held in the Second Pres- byterian Church, In 1867 services were held for the first time in the church on North Market Street^ occupied by the congre- gation until the present church on Fifth Avenue, ibetween Union and Cedar Streets, was purchased from the First Biaptist congregation. 'St. Paul's Lutheran Church in North Nashville was organized as a mission, but is now an independent organ- ization. There are about 400 Lutherans in Nashville, and the churches are affiliated with the Olive Branch Synod. CHURCH INTEREST'S IQY Methodist Episcopal Church. The iMethodist Episcopal Church is not strong in Nashville. The Central Tennessee Conference was or- ganized in 1880. It has forty-two ministers, 7,456 mem- bers, and church and parsonage property amounts to $140,730. There are two colored conferences of the Meth- odist Eipiscoipal Church in this State, the Tennessee Con- ference and the East Tennessee Conference. They have 361 ministers and a memibership of 14,761, and church and parsonage property valued at $388,210. United Brethren. Nashville has four United Brethren Churches. The Presiding Elder of one of the Western conferences, Viith headquarters at Dickson, has jurisdiction over the larger of the Nashville churches. INashville is in the jurisdiction of the Southern District, under Bishop Carter, of Chattanooga. Christian Church. The Christian Church numbers something like 3,500 commnuicants in Nashville, and there are about twenty church buildings. The first Christian Church was formerly located on Church Street where the Vendome Theater now stands, and when organized it was a Baptist Church. The record book of its early days was entitled "Thi Records of the Baptist Church of Nashville, July 22, 1820." Rev. Philip iS. iFiall, who- became pastor of the church ia 1826, was a Kentuckian, and even before coming to Nashville his mind had undergone a radical change as to the proper method of reading the Scriptures and of teaching them, as well as for the proper authority of denominationalism. He became convinced finally that baptism as a system was not identical with Christianity as a system, but believed that Baptists, as a people, were 108 ^^^ ABOUT NASHVILLE nearer the Scriptures than any others, and that they would welco'me a still closer conformity to the sacred model. Dr. Fall's ,convictions were not unknown to the leading memlbers of his congregation, as he had openly announced them at a Kentucky association some time previous. The day that he preached his first sermon he stated his full conviction that no congregation worshipped according to the New Testament that did not attend to the Lord's Supper on every Lord's Day. Later, only three members dissenting, the congregation decided to attend regularly to this act of divine worship. Only four mem- bers dissented and these were given letters of dismissal. The congregation continued to worship in the Churcti Street ibuilding and some time later built a new church on Fourth Avenue. This was destroyed by fire in 1855 and the old building was then reoocupied. Dr. R. Lin Cave, one of the leading ministers ol Nashville, was pastor of the First Christian Church when the new church on Seventh Avenue, North, now occupied by the congregation, was built. It is one of the city's handsomest churches and the cost of the entire property was about $45,000. Dr. Cave is now pastor of the Woodland Street Chris- tian Church, which was organized as "The Edgefield Christian Church" in May, 1872, in the Odd Fellows' Hall. The house of worship was dedicated on the first Sunday in July, 1878. The church is located on Woodland Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. The Seventeenth Street Christian Church (East) is one of the newer Christian churches of the city, and this congregation has recently erected a handsome new church. Seventh Day Adventists. The Seventh Day Adventsts are very strong in Nash- ville, and this city is considered headquarters for the denomination in the South. Th(> growth of the denomina- tion in Nashville, both in numbers and in importance, has been phenomenal. CHURCH INTERESTS 109 One of the largest printing plants of the denomination is located in North Nashville. Starting in a store twelve years ago, this enterprise has grown to a large plant, covering several acres and emplo>ing hundreds of hands. Its work includes the puiblication of several papers and magazines, thousands of tracts, pamphlets, etc., besides many volumes and subscription books. The Nashville Sanitarium, located on the iMiurfreesboro road, is the outgrowth of the first work done in the city. Another sanitarium is operated near Madison, closely adjoining the Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute. One of the nine food factories of the denomination is located near Madison and is known as the Nashville Food Factory. The Southern Missionary Society, with offices in Nash- ville, has a wide local field of operation. A number of mission and industrial schools and a large manual train- ing school are conducted as a part of the work for colored people. A paper is also piilblished in the interest of this department. The headquarters of the Southern Union Conference were placed in Nashville in 1901. Five years later the Southern field was divided and the Southeastern Union Conference was formed of a part of the territory, with offices in Atlanta. The leading church of the denomination in Nashville is located at 500 Fatherland Street (East), and is reached by the Fatherland car. Pentecostal. One of the largest churches in Nashville is tbe Pen- tecostal Tabernacle, located at 125 Fourth Avenue, North, of which Rev. J. 0. MoClurkan is pastor. This church gives more to missions per capita than any church in Nashville. The doctrine of sanctiflcation is preached, although the congregation is composed of members of various denominations and the work is interdenomina- tional. 110 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE Congregational. The first, and for many years the only, church in Nashville of this denomination was Fisk Memorial Chapel, at iFisk University, organized hy Prof. H. S. Bennett many years ago. iHoward Church, located at 214 Twelfth Avenue, North, was organized November 2, 1876. St. Mary's Chapel is located at 2(112 Twelfth Avenue, North. There is no church of this denomination for white people in Nashville. FIRST CHURCH, CHRISTIAN SCIENCE, Formerly Church of the Advent. H. M. Mason, Reader. CHURCH INTERESTS 1^1 Christian Science Church. The first Christian 'Science Cliurcli in Tennessee was organized about seventeen years ago in Memphis. The church in Nashville was organized January 2, 1905. The handsome church now owned and occupied by the Christian Scientists is located on Seventh Avenue North, between Broad and Commerce Streets. This prop- erty was purchased recently from the Church of the Advent. It is one of the handsomest church properties in Nashville. H. M. Mason is reader. The Christian Science reading room is in the First National Bank Building, 'No. 1013. Catholic Church. The first authentic record of the visit of a Catholic priest to Tennessee was in 1820, when Father Abell came from Bardstown, Ky., to attend the few Catholics then in Nashville. He immediately set about building the little church on Capitol Hill, which lasted up to 1847 — when the present old Cathedral was built — and was then converted into iSt. John's Hospital. Father Abell continued to visit Nashville up to 1824, when Father Dur^bin took his place, and up to 1838 Father Durbin had charge of all the Catholics in Tennessee, besides those of his home missions in Kentucky. Thus in 1837 Tennesee had no resident priest. But in that year the Diocese of iNashville was created, cut off from Bardstown, now Louisville, Ky., and Father Rich- ard Pius Miles, O. P., was consecrated as its first Bishop in O'Cto'ber, 1838. He arrived in aSTiasliville before th?? end of the year to find in the whole Diocese, embracin;-' the whole ot Tennessee, tmt one little church, not one priest subject to him. and but a mere handful of Cath- olics. Early in 1839 Bishop Miles set about visiting his vast Diooese. He rode on horseback as far as JonesTboro, East Tennessee, finding but few Catholics here and there ]^]^2 '^LL ABOUT NASHVILLE and on his return he declared that the Catholics in Ten- nessee did not number more than 300. But he was not dismayed. In 1844 the cornerstone of the Cathedral in Nashville was laid, and it was dedicated December 31, 1847. Bishop Miles, in 1847, reported to Rome that he had six priests, six churches, three chapels and a Catholic population of 1,500. In 1860 Bishop Whelan succeeded Bishop Miles. The breaking out of the war set all his plans at naught and forced him to turn his attention to the wants of the sol- diers and to the protection of the churches already built. He saw his Cathedral at Nashville converted into a hos- pital to he used for the wounded and sick soldiers, and the material used for military purposes. His failing health compelled him to resign as Bishop of Nashville in 1863. Bishop IFeehan succeeded Bishop Whelan in 186.5. His work was the work of restoration, to repair the ruin and retrieve the losses wrought Iby the war. St. John's Church in Edgefield had been burnt down and was succeeded by St. Colomba's Church in 1881, and in various parts of the Diocese mission churches were built, some of which soon had resident pastors. In 1880 Bishop Feehan reported to Rome that there were in his Diocese thirty churches, eighteen of which had resident pastors; fifty stations reg- ularly served by missionaries, and a Catholic population of 20,000. During the incumlljency of Bishop Feehan occurre'l the epidemics of 1873, 1878 and 1879, so fatal especially to the Catholics of Memphis. In 1880 Bishop Feehan was promoted to the Arch- bishopric of Chicago and was succeeded by Bishop Rade- macher where the prelate of Chicago had laid it down in Tennessee. St. Joseph's, Nashville, was ibuilt in 1895, and the new church at Chattanooga dedicated; also St. Pat- rick's Church. Nashville, in 1891. Bishop Rademacher was transferred to Fort Wayne in 1893 and was succeeded July 25, 1894, by the present CHURCH INTERESTS 113 Bishop, the 'Right Rev. Thomas S. Byirne. Since the advent of Bishop Byrne the church lias made rapid strides. Tennessee has twenty-five churches with resident pas- tors and tliirteen churches without resident pastors. Be- sides these, there are seventy-tliree stations without churclies, but visited regularly. There are in Tennessee thirty-one Diocesan and four- teen regular, in all forty-five: fourteen young men are studying for the priesthood in various colleges. The Catholic population of the State is about 20,000. The priesthood of Tennessee has been signally hon- ored, three of its members having (been promoted to bish- oprics outside the State — Bishop Scannell, of Omaha, Neb., who had been pastor of St. Joseph's ^Church, Nashville; Bishop Morris, of Little Rock, Ark., whoi had been pastor of the Oathedral at Nashville, and Bishop FarreOy, of Cleveland, O., who had also been pastor of the Nashville Cathedral. The present organization of the Diocese of Nashville is as follows: Bishop, the Rt. Rev. Thomas Sebastian Byrne, D. D. ; Vicar General, the Very Rev. D. J. Murphy; Secretary, the Rev. -M. A. Kasper. Consultors and Infirm IPl'iests' Fund — The Very Rev. D. J. iMiirphy, Vicar General; John K. iLarkin, the Rev. Hugo Fessler, O. F. M. Ecclesiastical Court for Matrimonial Cases — Judge, the Very Rev. D. J. Murphy, Vicar General. Ecclesiastical Curia for Disciplinary Cases — The Very Rev. John K. Ijarkin, Procurator Fi&calis; Rural Deans, the Very Rev. D. J. Murphy, Vicar General, and the Rev. Thomas V. To'bin. Synodal Examiners — The Rev. D. W. Ellard, the Rev. P. J. Gleeson, the Rev. J. K. Larkin, the Rev. E. Gazzo. the Rev. T. V. Tobin. Diocesan School Board and Examiners of Teachers — The Very Rev D. J. Murphy, Vicar General; the Rev. P. J, Gleeson, the Rev. D. W. Ellard, the Rev. J. K. Larkin. 8 114 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE Commission of Accounts — Tlie Very Rev. D. J. Mur- phy, Vicar General; the Rev. T. V. Tobin, the Rev. j. J. Graham, the Rev. T. C. Abbott. Irremovable Rectors — The Very Rev. D. J. Murphy, St. Patrick's Church, Memphis; the Rev. D. W. Ellard, St. Co- lumbus" Church, Nashville. Diocesan Director for the Propagation of the Faith and Diocesan Director for Priests' Eucharistic League— The Rev. T. C. Abbott. THE NEW CATHEDRAL. Nashville boasts of no handsomer architectural orna ment than the new Cathedral, School and Episcopal Resi- dence now in course of erection on Broad Street near Twentieth Avenue. The three buildings will be uniform in style and will represent all tliat is most chaste and dignified in their architectural lines. The Pro-Cathedral is used pending the completion of the Cethedral. ST. MARVS CATHEDRAL. St. Mary's Cathedral, on Fifth Avenue near Cedar, is one of the oldest and most historic churches of Nashville, and around the stately old edifice many tender memories cling. 'h •h "h Jewish Population. A MOXG the first Jewish families to settle in Nash- ville were Aaron Londe, lEIias Wolf, David Elsbach, Isaac Gershon, Myer iSulzbacher, Henry Harris, E. Franklin and Z. Levi. In October, 1851, the Israelites residing in the city called a meeting in the house of Isaac Gershon and organized the first Jewish benevolent society In Nashville. Seven acres of land were purchased on the Buena Vista pike for a burial gronnd and a room was rented for a synagogue on North Market Street, Mr. Henry Harris officiating as reader. CHURCH INTERESTS US Tlie first raibbi engaged was Mr. Alexander Iser, a native of Polish Russia, with a salary of $600 a year, wifi perquisites. Shortly after his arrival the society was dissolved and the first Hebrew congregation formed under the title of Mogen Oavld ("Shield of David") at the suggestion of Isaac Gerslion, as a compliment to the county. A charter was granted by the Legislature in 1854 and the congrega- tion rented Douglass Hall, corner Mai'ket Street and the Square. In 1862 the first Reformed congregation, in opposi- tion to the Orthodox, was organized, and they assumed the name of Benij Jrashren (Sons of Jerusalem). A burying ground was purchased for their separate use. After six years the congregations united in 1868 under the title of K. K. Arvooh Schoeleun (Lovers of Peace). In 1872 the foundation of the present temple was commenced on Sev- enth avenue between Church and Commerce Streets. The THE NASHVILLE Y. M. C. A. invites you to inspect its new building and acquaint yourself w^ith its various activities. SOCIAL, EDUCATIONAL, RELIGIOUS and PHYSICAL PRIVILEGES open to men and boys at moderate ratee. ^ An excellent employment bureau is conducted. ^ Meals served a la carte at all hours. ^ The young man avv^ay from home can find no better room in the city than in the "Association Apartments." ^ You will be welcome. ^ Seventh A venue and Union Street. 116 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE temple was finished in 1877 and is a handsome piece of architecture of the Byzantine type. It was designed by W. Dohson and cost abont |40,000. (Since 1879 the old IPolandish mode of worship was abolished and siKbstituted by the reformed mode of wor- ship, called Min hag America (the Custom of America). Many took offense at this and organized a new congrega- tion under the name of K. K. Adath Israel, by electing I. B. Cohen President and L. Rosenheim Vice-President. They worshiped at first in a hall in iMr. Rosenheim's house, 118 Third Avenue, North. They style themselves an Orthodox congregation. ^ ^ ^ Salvation Army. The work of the iSalvation Army in Tennessee was started in Nashville June 8, 1890. In addition to their religious work, which is conducted on evangelistic lines, the Salvationists do an immense amount of practical char- ity work. They maintain cheap lodging houses and, so far as possible, seek to make their beneficiaries self- respecting l)y having them earn their board and lodging. The first officers of the Salvation Army in Tennessee were Maj. and Mrs. J. T. Dale. In 1896 William Quick was in charge of the work in Nashville. He was suc- ceeded the following year by John Newcomb. Roper was succeeded in 1903 by Adjutant and Mrs. Wilber Gale. '"Divisional headquarters" were in operation in Nashville in 190M902, under Maj. and Mrs. William Andrews. Ad- jutant and IMrs. Coate came in January, 1905. The indus- trial department in Nashville is conducted by Adjutant and Mrs. George McClelland, and headquarters are lo- cated at 308 1-2 Cedar Street. The Salvation Army Industrial Home is located at 200-210 First Avenue, North. COMMODORE VANDERBILT MONUMENT. llg ALL ABOUT XASIIYILLE EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS. Vanderbilt University. mHE keynote of Nashville's educational system is Vanderbilt University, the gift of the Vanderbilt family, and under the supervision of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, South. Vanderbilt has given to American political activities: Two United States Senators — Fletcher of Florida and Reid of Arkansas; three Governors — iPatterson of Tennessee, Folk of .Missouri, and Cruce of Oklahoma; and J. C. McReynolds, assistant to the Attorney-General of the United States, who pros- ecuted the Tobacco Trust case. In educational work Vanderbilt is represented by: Dr. E. E. Barnard, of the University of Chicago, one of the world's greatest as- tronomers: E. B. Craighead, President of Tulane Uni- versity; Alfred Hume, Vice-President of the University of Mississippi; H. M. Snyder, President V/offord College; W. A. Webb, President Central College; Walter Deering and W. H. Hulme, Professors in Western Reserve Uni- versity; J. Perrin Smith, Professor in Leland Stanford University; Edwin Mims, Professor in the University of North Carolina; C. L. Thornburg, Professor in Lehigh University; A. T. Walker, Professor in the University of Kansas. In Vanderbilt University three deans are Vanderbilt alumni: Allen G. Hall, Dean of the Law De- partro.ent; J. T. McGill, Dean of the Department of Phar- macy; Henry W. Morgan, Dean of the Dental Department In the religious world a great many of the leading ministers in the Southern Methodist Church were edu- cated in the Biblical Department of Vanderbilt University. Special mention might be made of the late Bishop John J. Tigert and of Bishop Walter A. Lambuth. Tchi 'Ho Yun, a graduate of Vanderbilt, has filled many positions of importance in Korea. As Minister of Education he EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS 119 was one of the most important citizens in the empire Since the domination of Japan he is in charge of educa tional work. Vanderbilt has a total asset of about $3,00(),iiO0, do- nated principally by Cornelius Vanderbilt, "the old Com- modore," W. H. Vanderbilt, W. K. Vanderbilt and Cor- nelius Vanderbilt, grandson of the founder. It operates academic, engineering, I?il)lical, law, medicine, dental and pharmaceutical departments. It is located on a beau- tifully shaded campus of sixty-two acres, about two miles from the heart of the city, on West 'End Avenue, one of the most beautiful residence streets in the United State.^. On this campus there are eleven college buildings and eight residences for professors. The Law School, Dental School and Medical School occupy buildings in other por tions of the city. There are 125 members of the faculty. The institution has a student body of a little over 1,000, gathered from twenty-eight States and China, Japan Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Panama and Russia. Van- derbilt is the collegiate athletic center of the South. The arrangements recently perfected for the taking over by Vanderbilt University of the old Peabody campus in South Nashville required the removal of the Dental Department from its former home on Vauxhall Street, or Ninth Avenue. The work of this department has been moved to the building on the former Peabody campus known as the Model iSchool Baiilding, which has been enlarged and its capacity increased. The 'future of the Medical Department of the Uni- versity is more vitally affected by the taking over of the IPeabody campus than any of the other departments of the University. The spacious buildings on the Peabody campus have been completely remodeled and offer every facility for an enlarged work. The University of Tennessee, which has been operat- ing its Medical Department in connection with the Uni- 120 ^L^ ABOUT NASHVILLE versity of Nashville, has decided to withdraw from this territory. The combined school, therefore, closed. Circumstances have seemed to put upon Vanderbilt University a great responsibility in this field. Galloway Memorial Hospital has secured a plot ot ground on the Vanderbilt Medical campus and will there establish its plant. In coming years the Galloway Hospital expects to devote itself largely to charitable work, and arrange ments have been agreed upon iby which this work will be icommitted exclusively into the hands of the Vanderbilt Medical faculty. This will greatly increase opportunities for medical research and open up a new and attractive field for public service. George Peabody College George Peabody College for Teachers has an endow ment immediately available of $1,900,000, and there it being added to this an endowment of $1,500,000, making a total of $3,400,000. Its mission is to provide teacherfc- for the South. Rs chief sponsor is the Peabody Board of Trust. Contributions also come from the George Pea- body Educational Fund, the State of Tennessee, the City of Nashville, the County of Davidson, the University of Nashville, and the alumni of that institution, of whose academic department Peabody is the successor. Peabody College was established and merged with the literary department of the University of Nashville in 1875. It has turned out over 10,000 alumni, and has probably ex- ercised as vital an infiuence on the life of the Southern States as any other educational institution. As a teach- ers' college Peabody has but a single rival, the Teachers" College of New York, Columbia University. Linked with the history of the famous old institution of which the present George Peabody College for Teachers is the outgrowth, is the history of higher education in Tennessee. Its inception dates back to the pioneer days of Nashville, when Gen. James Robertson was represent- ing the new county of Davidson in the Legislature of North Carolina. 21 ed m. of rd id- Qe fly he he He er ss jr- Is. ty it- he 3d ed le as oa- th Id tie in le li- id le BELMONT COLLEGE FOR YOUNG WOMEN, N ASH V I L LE , TE N N CENTRAL GROUP OF BUILDINGS AND PORTION OF SOUTH PARK. Location and Environment ideal — fifteen acres of magnolia, rare shrubbery and forest trees, on a hill-toji in the beautiful West End of the "Athens of the South." Every urban advantage coaibined with privacy and quiet Thirty-seven States represented in this years attendance alone, nearly twenty per cent coming from the North. While Belmont is essentially Southern in fact, it is national in character and spirit, afford- ing students from all sections the inestimable benefit of association and friendship with other representative young women of the whole country. Twelve Schools including all branches of Music, Art, Domestic Science and Home Economics, Expression and Physical Culture, besides the various Academic Schools. I 12 ve: tei Ur Mf Va pl£ to mc be foi fie. Ge me bei a for of iboi of Na acf Co del hai ere 9tf erg Co of is Te of ing No EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS 121 By an act of the Legislature in 1796 it was provided that the buildings be erected, and Gen. Jackson and Gen. Robertson were appointed to superintend the erection of the building. Gen. Jackson was a member of the Board of Trustees from 1791 to November 26, 1805. As David- son Academy the institution continued for twenty-one years. The conception of the conversion of the academy into a college was brought about by a petition to the Legislature in 1806, and it subsequently became Cumber- land College. In 1824 Philip Lindsley declined the Presidency of the College of New Jersey to accept the IPresidency of the institution, then the University of Nashville. His quarter of a century of service meant a great deal to the progress of education in the entire South. 'In 1850, having had a brilliant career, the Univer- sity was compelled to suspend its work for want of funds. At this period the Medical Department of the University oif Nashville was organized and the buildings for the Lit- erary Department were erected in 1853-54. In 1855 the Literary Department was re-o^pened with Gen. Bushrod R. Johnson at its head. After the war the trustees of the University located the [Montgomery Bell Academy in the buildings of the Literary Department. The fund for this academy was derived from a bequest of $20,000 by the late iMontgom- ery Bell, a man whose name is inseparably connected with the development of the iron industry of the State, and who had the honor of furnishing to Gen. Jackson, at the Battle of New Orleans, all of the cannon balls nsed in that famous conflict. The establishment of the Normal College of the University was the rehabilitation, in a more vital form, of the literary and scientific departments of the Uni- versity. The idea of a State Normal School had an able and brilliant advocate as early as 1855 in Ro'bert 'Hatton, the gifted and eloquent advocate of popular education. EDUCATIONAL INTER E^STS 123 In 1873 Dr. W. P. Jones introduced two bills in the Legislature of Tennessee. One was passed and became the present public school law of the State. Since 1865 the State Teachers' Association had been active and indefatigable in bringing the necessity of the Normal College before the public as the culmination of the public school system of the State. The State, not having provided the funds necessary for a full develop- ment of the purposes of the act authorizing the estab- lishment of the Normal School, the University of Nash- ville generously offered to suspend its literary depart- ment and devote its buildings, grounds and funds (with the exception of those appropriated to the use of the Medical College) to it. The Peabcdy Education Board supplemented this offer by an offer of $6,000 per annum for two years. The institution was organized December 1, 1875. The reorganized institution now is the George Pea- body College for Teachers, and the new campus adjoins that of Vanderbilt University. Five handsome ^buildings will adorn this splendid campus and the completed plans comprise fifteen buildings. Chancellor Bruce R. Payne, a man of classic culture and commanding personality, is at the head of the institution. Fisk University Fisk University is perhaps the best known institu- tion for the education of the colored race in the world. It is located at the northwest border of the city and is reached by the Jefferson Street car. Fisk University emanated from a school for colored 'people ibegun in October, 1865, near the "Chattanooga Depot,'' under the auspices of the American Missionary Association of New York and the Western Freedmen's Aid Commission of Cincinnati. It first occupied the large hospital buildings donated by the United States Govern- ment, and known in war times as "The Railroad Hos- pital." The school was named for Gen. Clinton B. Fisk, 124 ^LL ABOUT NASHVILLE who was commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau, in com- mand at Nasliville when tlie school was opened and who entered heartily into the enterprise. Under the management of iProf. John Ogden the school at once became prosperous. During the first two years upwards of twelve hundred pupils were in attend- ance. Gen. O. O. Howard, of the Freedmen's Bureau, donated from the Bureau funds $7,000 to the school for educational purposes. It was then decided to incorporate the institution for the higher education of the youth of both sexes. It was accordingly chartered under the name of Fisk University, August 22, 1867. George L. White became teacher of music in the institution and his rare skill in training voices was responsble for the organzation of the Jubilee Singers, who soon became world famous. When the crisis came and the need of funds with which to maintain the institution was urgent Mr. White conceived the idea of raising money by taking his little band of singers to the North. How well the plan succeeded is shown by the fact that the travels of the Jubilee Singers during Mr. White's incumbency netted the institution $150,000. They visited England, where they were received with the greatest consideration by the Queen, the Premier, Rev. C. H. Spur- geon and other dignitaries of Church and State. On this visit they cleared $50,000. Later they visited Ireland, Scot- land, Holland, Germany and Switzerland, and with the money they earned a tract of twenty-five acres of land was purchased on an eminence a mile northwest of the Capitol. Ground was broken for the University building Jan- uary 1, and the cornerstone laid Octo'ber 1, 1873. The l)uilding was named Jubilee Hall in honor of the band of singers through whose exertions the means for its erec- tion were procured. Jubilee Hall was dedicated January 1, 1876, in the presence of a vast audience of both sexes. Gen. Clinton B. Fislv read congratulatory dispatches from England and other foreign countries. The United States EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS 125 Government was represented by the Sixteenth Infantry Band. The style of the building is modern lEnglish, with trimmings of native limestone, and over the main en- trance on the south front is a bust of Abraham Lincoln. The grounds were named Victoria Square in grateful acknowledgment of kindness shown the singers by Great Britain. Visitors are welcomed to Fisk University, and Presi- dent Gates takes great interest in showing them througli the famous old institution. The museum is especially interesting. In natural history, geology, mineralogy, ethnolgy there is a collectioji of over 3,000 specimens. These are well arranged and labeled, the whole covering 650 square feet of shelf room. The library numbers 1,700 volumes, and additions have been made annually from the interest of the Dick- erson Literary Fund, a fund contributed by the Sunday Schools of Great Britain. At chapel services on Sunday morning the music is especially beautiful, as the Jubilee Singers are at their best. Each year "The iMessiah" or one of the oratorios from the masters is given and the occasions are antici- pated with pleasure by the music-loving public. ^, ^ ^ Colleges for Women. B ELMOiNT COSLLEGE FOR WOMEN has a charming environment. The campus comprises the grounds of an old Southern home. Ward Seminary was founded in 1865 by Dr. W. E. Wlard, one of the most distinguished educators of his day. The Seminary's main buildings are located on Eighth Avenue, but it has in Ward Place another home more re- moved from the bustle of the city. Boscobel College was founded in 1890 with the pur- pose of giving at the smallest possible cost higher edu- 126 -^^^ ABOUT NASHVILLE cation of young women. It is located on a beautifully shaded campus overlooking Cumberland River. Radnor is a suburban institution for young women, and lias made an unusual record in giving to its students educational tj-iys, complimentary. Buford College, for the higher culture of young women, has twenty-five years of history behind it. It was established at Clarksville, but was later removed to Nashville because of the manifold educational advan- tages here. St. Bernard Academy, under the direction of the Sisters of Mercy, has been engaged since 1864 in the work of educating young women. St. Cecilia Academy is one of the ante-bellum institu- tions of learning of this section, having been founded in 1860. The buildings stand upon an eminence north oi the city, overlooking the valley of the Cumberland River. The school is under the supervision of the Dominican Sisters, whose special calling is the education of youth Although established and maintained by the Catholics, the instittution has always been patronized hy all denom inations. ^ ^ ^ Preparatory Schools Among the leading preparatory schools for boys are Bowen School, where two Tennessee Rhodes scholars have been prepared for Oxford; Wallace University School, established in 1886; Montgomery Bell Academy, mentioned under Peabody College for Teachers; Duncan Preparatory (School, and People's School. Battle Ground Academy is located at Franklin. Normal School Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute is located on a 400-acre farm ten miles from the heart of the city. It is a training school for teachers, who have, in addition to the usual normal course, opportunities along agricul- ]^28 -'^LL ABOUT NASHVILLE tural and other industrial lines, preparing them to conduct rural industrial schools. The industries — farming, garden- ing, dairying, cottage building, domestic science, nursing, etc., are given equal prominence with the literary sub- jects. A rural sanitarium is operated in connection. Watkins Night School Watkins Institute, endowed by Samuel Wlatkins to enable the youth of Nashville without means to acquire information, is a free night school in which there are seven hundred people, 90 per cent, of whom are engaged during the day in stores, shops and factories, and without this school would be unable to secure an education. A large number of foreigners here learn to speak, read and write English. Another department of Watkins Insti- tute is a public art school. Visitors are welcomed between 7 and 9 p.m., and there Is no more interesting place about the city. Prof. Alexander Fall is Principal and he is assisted by an excellent corps of teachers. A number of new departments have recently been added. John Hill Eakin Institute. This institution was founded by 'Mr. and Mrs. John Hill Eakin for the purpose of providing vocational and supplemental education for employed boys and young men. It constitutes the Educational Department of the Nashville Young Men's Christian Association. The In- stitute aims primarily to prepare young men and boys tor an occupation, or for doing a better quality of work in their present position. The John Hill Eakin Institute comprises five distinct schools: The Schools of Commerce and Finance, The Technical School, The Night High School, The Law School, The Group of Special Vocational Courses. In the School of Commerce and Finance courses in Bookkeeping, Stenography and allied subjects are con- EDIVATIONAL INTERESTS 129 ducted. A course in Higher Accountancy is also offered, which furnishes the training required by an auditor or a certified public accountant. The Technical School affords an opportunity to leaiii a definite trade, or to secure a larger technical training in a trade already followed. Some of the subjects offered are Bookbinding, Printing, Plumbing, Carpentry, Applied Electricity, Shop Mathematics, Mechanical Drawing and Automobile Operation and Repair. The iNight iSchool course includes the usual high school studies, about twenty "units" being offered. Six- teen units are required for graduation. In the Law School, instruction is given in those sub- jects usually included in a three years' law course. In the Special Vocational courses the fundamental principles underlying each occupation are presented by successful business men. Some of the courses offered are Salesmanship, Advertising, Real Estate, .Journalism and iPublic Speaking. Parochial Schools The Cathedral School has its home in one of the handsomest buildings of the Catholic Church in Nash ville. Architecturally it is a model, the building and equipment having received the personal supervision of Right Rev. Thom.as Sebastian Byrne, Bishop of Nashville. St. Patrick's School in South Nashville was estab- lished nineteen years ago under the care of the Sisters of Mercy. Rev. Father T. C. Abbott is the PrincipaL and the enrollment is 150. St. Columba's School is another flourishing Catholic school, under the management of the Dominican ^Sisters. This institution has existed for more than thirty-five years. The Assumption School in North Nashville is also under the charge of the Dominican Sisters. It has a large enrollment, does practical work and has attained an edu- cational standard of very high grade. 9 l^Q ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE St. Joseph s School has a course of study including the primary, iuterm«diate and igrammar departments, with a two-year business course. The department of music is an excellent feature of the school. Religious Schools The projected American Interchurch College for Re- ligious and Social (Workers is, in effect, a university of church colleges with a central, non-denominational entity providing library and other facilities. It aims to work in co-operation with denominational boards so as to secure the best possible training of specialists in moral, social and religious leadership. There is to be a central build- ing, occupied by the college itself, with its various facil ities. Already there are denominational dormitories and training schools, owned and controlled by the denom- inations themselves. An endowment of $1,100,000 is being raised. Tbe purpose of the Methodist Training School is to train missionaries and other Christian workers for service in the Church. Its departments are: Bible Training School, Nurse Training School, Training for Church Mu- sicians, and Training- for Kindergarten. Nashville Bible School, under the control of the Christian Church, recognizes the Bible as a text book to be studied and recited by pupils every day. Not from a doctrinal standpoint, but for its historical facts, and les- sons of morality. The institution does not confine its work to a study of the Bible, however, but is a regularly organized college, with courses leading to the usual bach- elor degrees. Fanning Orphan School is probably the only school in the United States that divests itself of reformatory ideas, and yet gives its pupils thorough training in all the every-day domestic duties that are becoming more and more a necessity in education. Pentecostal Training Home for Girls was opened by Mrs. Tim H. Moore in (December, 1907, to afford education EDUCATIOXAL INTEUE^T^ 131 and advancement to girls from homes of destitution. It is partly supported by monthly donation irom the Courc. It is essentially faith work. There are thirty-two pupils in the school, ranging in age from two to seventeen years. Trevecca College for Training Christian workers is one of the most valuable institutions of the kind in Nashville. It is operated in connection with the Pente- costal Tabernacle, on Fourth Avenue, North, of which Rev. J. O. McClurkan is the head. Battle Ground Academy, Within easy reach of Nashville by steam or electric cars is one of the historic spots of the State, the famous battlefield of Franklin. Here was fought until the twi- light of November 30, 1863, one of the most bloody battles of the Civil War. Repeated efforts have been made to have this battlefield made a National Park in commem- oration of the undaunted heroism exhibited by both armies, but so far it has not been done. It is said that in this 'battle the number of killed in proportion to the number engaged was larger than in any battle of the war. Perhaps a more fitting, if less pretentious, memorial has been created, however, in the establishment upon thv- soil thus consecrated a school for boys, known as Battle Ground Academy. Surely the hallowed memories clus- tering about the spot cannot fail to aid in arousing a spirit of worthy achievement in boys who receive their early training amid such surroundings. The school has already established an honorable record in the standing of the hoys who have gone out from its tuition. Its graduates have made a splendid record for themselves in the Southern and Eastern universities and professional schools, to most of which they are admitted without exam- ination. In business also they have shown that their equipment is adequate. Visitors to the hattlefield will find at the school build- ing maps and records of the battle, issued by the War Department, to all of which they may have ready access. 132 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE Public Schools Nashville's public school system consists of thirty- three plants, the center of the system being the new High School. This splendid new building is located on Broad Street and Eighth Avenue, nearly opposite the United States Custom House, and the cost of the build- ing is $300,000. iP'rof. .1. J. Keyes is Superintendent of City Schools, with offices in Hume School nn Ninth -Avenue, one block south of Broad. ENTRANCE TO HIGH SCHOOL. EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS 133 Colored Schools The Academy and Industrial School of the Immac- ulate Mother is a day school for colored girls and small boys, under the direction of the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament, for Indians and colored people, founded in 1905 by Mother Katherine Drexel of Philadelphia. iFisk University began its career in an abandoned army barracks in 1866. It now owns property valued at $400,000 and had, in 1910, 538 students. An extended history of the University will be found elsewhere. Walden University was established in 1866, under the name of Central Tennessee College, by the Methodist Episcopal Church. It has Academic, Normal, L.aw, Theo- logical, MedicaJl, Music and Commercial Departments. It draws its student-body not only from the States of the Union, but from regions more remote — Africa, Hayti, Jamaica, Central )Ame)i"iqa, British Guiana y^and South American countries. Meharry Medical College Meharry is the Medical Department of Walden Uni- versity, It takes its name from the five Meharry broth- ers who contributed liberally to its support. Dental and pharmaceutical departments are operated in connection. The George W. Hubbard Hospital is also under the di- rection and is the property of Meharry. Roger Williams University has accomplished as much as any other for the higher education of negroes, and under difficulties greater than most. Its handsome build- ings were destroyed by fire a few years ago, and its grounds were sold. Practically unaided, it was under the necessity of establishing Itself on new grounds in new buildings. This it has done successfully. Fireside School was established with the purpose of elevating and purifying the home life of the negro people as well as to educate the children of that race. It is 134 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE achieving a large measure of success. It publishes an official organ, "Hope," which has a circulation of 16,500 copies, going into as many negro homes of the South, carrying a message for moral and social uplift. The new State Norma] School for colored students is soon to be in operation in Nashville. FISK UNIVERSITY, Shoes and Hosiery ./^ For eighteen years the name "Mtuhars" on shoes has im- plied the best. Staple and Novel Styles in Shoes and Slippers m the better grades. A most complete Hosiery Department "The House that Strives to Please" Jno. A. Meadors & Sons 408 Union St. Nashville, Tenn. 136 '^LL ABOUT NASHVILLE COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS. Board of Trade P ROiMlNiB'NT among the commercial organizations of Nashville is the Board of Trade, which is the result of the fusion of the Chamber of Commerce and the Retail Merchants' Association, which was effected February 1, 1906. Its Presidents have been: Ice- land Hum.e, Sam G. Douglas, Rdbt. L. Rurch, E. W. Foster, E. A. Liiidsey. Jos, Frank :ui ABOUT ^TAHUVILLH ill conjunction with the Board of Trade and the Industrial Bureau, that an effort is being made to reduce the rate on coal to Nashville. Should these efforts be crowned with success it will mean an annual saving to the people of Nashville of something like $aOO.OOO. The officers of the Traffic Bureau are: Chas. S. Mar- tin. President; W. L. Davis, Vice-Presideut; Walter H. Clark, Secretary; Chas. M. Morford, Treasurer; T. M. Henderson, Commissioner. Nashville-Made Goods Club The Nashville-iMade Goods Club seeks to educate the people upon the advantages of using Nashville-made goods, not only to the home consumer, but to the factories located here. The slogan of the Club is "Nashville Made, Excellent in Grade, and Quality Unsurpassed.' Nashville Builders' Exchange The Nashville Builders' Exchange is one of the strongest and best exchanges in the South. Handsome offices are maintained on the second floor of the Stahl- man Building. Sixteen contracting firms have offices there and there are about 110 members. Not only members but all who are interested in building interests are ex- pected to drop in between 11 and 12 o'clock each day. E. CALVERT 1'. R. CALVERT C AI.VERT IJROTIIKRS l»HOTOGUAl*HKKS AND MINIATURK I»AINTKRS CORNER FOURTH AVENUE. NORTH, A.NI> INION STREET I»ii<>Ni5 Main lHVi >Jasiivii,i.e, Tknn. COMMERCIAL OliCAMZATIONi^ 141 For the instruction of its members the Nashville Builders' Exchange inaugurated a series of lectures, de- livered at its regTilar meetings. These lectures embody the scientific treatment of every branch of the building business. Bureau of Employment The Board of Trade has made every effort to bring to the city tangible assets in the shape of desirable cit- izens, but the importance of holding these citizens, espe- cially the younger men and women, had not been reck- oned with. It was for this purpose that the Bureau of Employment was established, and through its influence a large number of young men and women have been assisted in making advantageous connections, thereby keeping them in Nashville. City Beautiful Association One of Nashville's. newest and most progressive civic organizations is the City Beautiful Association, of whicn Mr. Ilaiden DihIiI is Secretary and (General .Maua.ucr. The object of the organization is to make Nashville a more beautiful city by stimulating civic pride among its citizens. The City Beautiful Association was set on foot by the Nashvlle Real Estate Exchange. Mr. Alf T. Mer- ritt is President. Real Estate Exchange. All of the leading real estate firms of Nashville are represented in the Nashville Real Estate Exchange. Mr. A. ii. Merrit ( K. W. Turner & ( "o. ) is IMi'si.lcnt. and ("dlliu A. Winter is Sci-i'ctary. Travelers' Protective Association, The Travelers' Protective Association is represented in Nashvillle by a large membership. The local organiza- tion is known as Post B. 142 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE Retail Shoe Dealers. The retail shoe men have a progressive organiza- tion. Allen IMeadors is President of the National Shoe Dealers" Association. Mr. Richard Hall, of Branham & Hall, is Secretary of the local organization. Lumbermen's Club. The lumbermen of Nashville are especially progres- sive, and owing- to the great importance of Nashville as a lumber market the Lumbermen's Club is one of the city's most prominent commercial organizations. Hamilton Love is President and Cecil -Ewing is Secretary. Breeders' Association The Tennessee Breeders' Association has a large membership and meets annually in Nashville. The offi- cers are: C. P. Hatcher, Columbia, President; L. H. Gwalt- ney, Hickman, Vice-President; E. B. Tucker, Smyrna, Secretar.y-Treasurer; Executive Committee, S. N. Warren, Spring Hill; W. H. Carpenter, Brush Creek; Dr. C. Bailev Bell, Nashville: .J. F. Hobbs, Lawrenceburg. GROUP OF HEREFOIU) C.\TTLE. COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS I43 Manufacturers Organized. There are over 300 manufacturers in Nashville and there is a splendid spirit of co-operation among the members of the local Manufacturers and Producers' As- sociation. The meetings are held at the Commercial Club. All of tilt' vnriiHis lines of cniniiicrciMl :ii-tivily ;irc represented by organizations in [Nashville. Besides those mentioned there are: The American Institute of Banking, 1015-101 6 First National Bank Building. City Salesmen's Association, J. C. Quinn, Secretary, 202 (Stahlman Building. Ex^Commercial Travelers' Club, Wm. C. IP'ollard, Pi'os- ident; meets at Board of Trade. Honest Weight League, 1017 First National Bank Building, .T. Briggs MciLemore, President. Nashville Board of Underwriters, 1227 Stablman I'uildin.i.;, .Tos. F>. McKoe, Sccret.-iry. Nashville Clearing House Association, N P. IjeSuaur, President. Nashville Credit 'Men's Association, 807 Stahlma!i Building, George iM. Thomas, Secretary. Nashville Grain 'Exchange, W. R. Cornelius, Jr., Sec- retary. ' ' Nashville Strawberry Association, A. "W. Freeman, Secretary. Retail Furniture Dealers' Association, Walter iSanford, Secretary. Surety and Casualty Association of Nashville, A. B. Benedict, 'Secretary. Wagon and Carriage Dealers' Association, 202 Stahl- man Building, J. J. Todd, Secretary. Tennessee Underwriters' Association, .No. 8 Noel Block, Chas. B. H. Loventhal, Secretary. Tennessee Poultry Association; Secretary, .John A. Murkin, fifth floor First National Bank Building. Southeastern Millers' Association, 908 First National Bank Building, J. B. McLemore, 'Secretary, 144 l/^''' ABOUT NASHVILLE WOMEN'S CLUBS. Centennial Club N AS'HVILiLE is noted for its progressive women's clu'bs. Leading the list is tlie Nasliville Centen- nial Club, having a handsome permanent home at 121 Seventh Avenue, North, which was the gift of the I'ri'si-'leiit. Mi's. John Hill i:akin. This club is the outcome of the Executive Board of the Woman's Department of the Tennessee Centennial Exposition, hence its name. Its officers are: President, Mrs. John Hill Eakin; Vice-iPresident, Mrs. James S Pilcher; Vice-President, Mrs. Percy Wiarner; Correspond- ing Secretary, Miss Matilda A. iPorter; Recording Secre- tary, Miss Sarah Scoggins. Housekeepers' Club The Housekeepers' Club also boasts of its own home, an elegant house on Eighth Avenue, two blocks south of Broad Street, the gift of the (President, Mrs. Walker Ed- wards. The officers of the club are: President, Mrs. Walker 'Edwards; First Vice-President, Mrs. Roger Eastman; Sec- ond Vice-President, Mrs. W. W. Dillon; Recording Secre- tary, Mrs. Eugene Crutcher; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. B. K. Freeman; Treasurer, Mrs. Alexander Fall. Literary Clubs The Query Club stands pre-eminent among the lit- erary clubs, both by right of its age (twenty-six years) and the high order of the work done. The officers are: Miss Mary Lou White, Chairman; Miss Thea Scruggs, Secretary; Miss Anne Hillman Scales, Treasurer, with Misses Delia Dortch and Mary Eskine Ramage forming the Executive Committee. M oi//;.v'.s' (jLcns 145 The Review Club, one of the oldest and most con- servative, was organized sixteen years ago by iMrs. Jere I'.axti'r. Mrs. A. W. Wills was its President for several years. [Mrs. Walter Strvkes is the Secretary. The .Ma.^aziiie Circle is auotlier of Xasliville's exclu- sive literary clubs. The officers are: Miss Bloomstein, President; Mrs. Percy Lovenhart, Vice-President; Second Vice-Presitleiit, ^Irs. Saul Gonlon ; Soeretary, Miss Bertha Jonas; Treasurer, Mrs. Alex Weiubaum. The Twentieth Century Club also goes in for earnest worl-c. The officers are: Miss Mamie Spence, President; Miss Sallie R. Cornelius, Vice-President; Mrs. V. T. Griz- zard, Secretary-Treasurer; Miss Myrtle Holmes, Corre- sponding- Secretary; Mrs. R. S. Webb, Custodian. The Kiplin;;- Club, estaltlished altout sixteen years .ago by Mrs. Horace Vandeventer, at first made a study of Kipling. Since then it has taken up other subjects. Miss Flavel Wilkin is President. The club's membership is limited to twenty, with no honorary or associate members. The year's work closes with an annual picnic at the coun- try home of one of the members. Besides Miss Wilkin, President, the other officers are Miss Medora Cheatham, Vice-President, and Miss Jean Ramage, Secretary. Belmont Magazine Club has a restricted membership and is purely for literary study. !In the Rutledge Magazine Club reviews are given from tlie leading magazines. Mrs. E. C. Wright is Presi- dent; Mrs. E. S. iCulbert, Secretary. Vanderbilt Woman's Club is composed of the wives of the members of Vanderbilt University's faculty. The officers are: President, Mrs. R. B. Steele; First Vice- President, Mrs. Allen G. Hall; Second Vice-President. Mrs. J. A. Witherspoon; Recording Secretary, Mrs. J. T. M'OGill; Corresponding Secretary, Miss Mary Lou Harris; Treasurer, 'Mrs. L. C. Glenn; Literary Committee, Mrs. L. G. Noel, Chairman; Mrs. J. P. Gray, Mrs. W. 'F. Tillett, Associates; Musical Committee, Mrs. J. B. Keeble, Chair- 10 146 ALL MUKT NAS^RX ILLE man; Mrs. B. F. Young, Mrs. J. H. Kirkland, Associates. The club lias an active membership of forty-four, with four associate members and thirty-five honorary members. Friday Literary Club is the outgrowth of the Tea and Repartee Club. Begun as a social afternoon club, it has gradually changed its character until today it is one of the leading literary clubs of the city. Mrs. George E, Blake is President. This club contributes a traveling library to women in remote neighhorhoods. The Art Literary Club is another club doing- serious work along literary lines. The officers are: Miss Alice Sparks, President; Miss Martha James, Secretary. CENTENNIAL CLUB. \\OMEN\S CLUBS I47 The Potpourri Club is composed of tlie younger mem- bers of society. Ttie club was begun by a party of school girls in order to keep up with the great movements of the day. It has broadened its scope until it has gained for itself an enviable place among the literary clubs. Miss Mary Brown Eve is President. The leading Shakespeare Club in Nashville meets eacli Saturday afternoon in the apartments of iMi's. H. M. Doak in the Vauxhall. This club has been in existence for about twenty years. It has no set program, no year book and no officers. Its mode of study differs entirely from that adopted by all other clubs, but the results are perfectly satisfactory. The members are drawn from the deepest thinkers and number among them Nashville's brightest women. Mrs. E. G. Buford's Shakespeare Club is another club that devotes its meetings to Shakespeare. Mrs. Buford is President and leader. The Magazine Club, another literary club, has for its President Mrs. John W. Thomas. The Inquirers' Club is an organization of West Nasn- ville. Tennessee's Press and Authors" Club Is what its name would indicate. The brightest newspaper women and writers in Nashville are active members in this organiza- tion. The meetings are delightful occasions, where the members meet and exchange ideas. The Nashville brancn counts among its members several writers of national reputation. The club has recently built an attractive log home near Bloomington Springs, where the convention will be held each year. There is no club in the city that is doing more thorough work than the (Metaphysical Club. Mrs. Eliza- beth Fry Page is the President and leader. This is another club with few rules, and the only necessary quality for admittance is an earnest desire to study. Several times during the year brilliant speakers address the club. 148 -^^'^ ABOUT NASHVILLE Musical Clubs In the musical clubs the MaoDowell takes precedence. This club, established several years ago, has from the very first been recognized as a power in the musical develop- ment of Nashville. Mrs. M. M. Gardner is President. This cluib is affiliated with the Centennial Club and is known as "The MacDowell Section of the Centennial Club." The Vendredi Musical Club is composed of the younger musicians. Miss Frank Hollowell is President: Vice-Pres- ident, Miss Daisy Snrtaiu ; Treasurer, ;Miss Florouco ()rl. Iticliardson. is a nearby resident. Thi' late Hon. Jolin L. Nolen. ot Nashville, was Grand Sire of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at the time of his death. Dr. R. L. C. White was the Supreme Keeper of Records and Seal of the Knights of Pythias when he died. LA.Ifred Aldred, of Nash- ville, at the Atlantic City convention in 1911 of the Legion of the Red Cross was elected Supreme Commander of the order. James H. Baird, for years Supreme Commander of the Concatenated Order of iHoo-Hoo, is a resident of Nashville. One of the strongest lodges of Elks in the country is here. Masons. On June 24, 1812, Cumberland Lodge, No. 60, was instituted by dispensation from the Most Worshipful Rob- ert Williams, Grand Master of North Carolina, by Robert Searcy, the oldest Past iMaster present. The first petition for initiation was presented by George Morgan, October 20, 1812. He was elected Feb- ruary 23, 1813, and was initiated, together with Samuel V. D. iStout and Joseph Ward, March 25, 1813. The first person raised to the degree of Master Mason in this lodge was Wilkins Tonnebill, who was initiated April 24, 1813, and passed and raised on the 28th of the same month. On December 27, 1813, the Grand Lodge of Tennessee having heen established, of which the Most Worshipful Thomas Claiborne was the first Grand Master, Cumber- land Lodge, No. 60, surrendered the charter received from the Grand Lodge of North Carolina and took out a dispensation under the Grand Lodge of Tennessee, bear- ORGANIZATIOXS 161 ing date of February 8, 1814, and at the following annual communication of the Grand Lodge of Tennessee a char- ter was granted by the name of Cumberland Lodge, No. S, located at Nashville, and it has continued in existence from that tim.e to the present. Sam Houson was initiated in this lod«e April 19, 1817. .John Catron, afterwards Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, also united with the lodge. Order of Eastern Star. The Buena Vista Chapter, No. 75, meets on the third Friday night in each month at the hall, corner Ninth Avenue and Cheatham. East Nashville Chapter, No. 1, meets at Cherokee Hall, Foster Street, corner Third, on second and fourth Fridays in each month. Rock City Chapter, No. 2, meets at Masonic Temple on the first and third Fridays. Royal Arch Masons. Cumherland Chapter, No. 1, R. A. M., meets at Ma- sonic Temple on the second Thursday in each month. Other chapters are: Edward G. Corbitt Chapter, No. 147; Nashville Council. No. 1. Scottish Rite Masons. The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite bodies sit- ting in the Valley of Nashville, Orient cf Tennessee, are: Moqedah Lodge of Perfection, No. 7; Immanuel Chapter of Rose Croix, No. 8; St. Michael Council of Kadosh, No 2 , and Trinity Consistory, No. 2. Odd Fellows. The first lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows organized in Tennessee was Tennessee Lodge, No. L which was instituted June 1, 1839, in Nashville, on Market 11 HEADQUARTERS I. O. O. F. OF TENNESSEE. ORGANIZATIONS 163 Street, in a building opposite Union Street. Linsfield Sharpe, a special deputy from Baltimore, was the insti- tuting officer and ten names were enrolled as those of charter members. The next lodge organized in Nashville was Lodge No. 2, which became large and influential. After a bril- liant career it ceased to exist during the Civil War, most of its members having joined the Confederate Army. The order soon began to spread out from Nashville, and for many years was most prosperous. More than half the lodges became defunct during the Civil War, but since that time the order has taken on new life in Tennessee. The Grand Lodge of Tennessee was instituted August 10, 1841; the Grand Encampment July 21, 1847, and the Rebekah Assembly October 16, 1894. The I. O. O. F. Library and reception rooms are lo- cated at 119 Seventh Avenue, North. Knights of Pythias. The third lodge on the roster of Tennessee Pythianism was Myrtle Lodge, No. 3, Nasnville, which has been in continuous existence since November 30, 1871, the date of its institution. Many of its charter members are still alive and loyal to the order. The Grand Lodge of Tennessee was instituted at Nashville April 2, 1872. Only six lodges were then in existence. When San Francisco was destroyed by the earthquake, funds for the Pythian sufferers went forward from every- where, but the Domain of Tennessee contributed more ac- cording to membership than any other State in the Su- preme Realm. The business office of the Grand Lodge is that of Grand Keeper of Records and Seal, and this has been held in Tennessee by six men, namely: W. B. Thompson, nine years; R. L. -C. White, twelve years; Alexander Alli- son, seven years; E. B. Wilson, one year; W. K. Aiber- nathy, one year; W. D. Fox, the present incumbent, seven years. 164 ^^Lf' ABOUT NA,SJn ILLE Tennessee Pythianism has turned from the stereo- typed practices of older fraternities and is building on the Cumberland plateau near Tullahoma a home that holds within its scope every phase of moral life. There will it store its archives, imbed its traditions and upbuild its strength. The annual conventions of the Grand Lodge are held at this home, Ovoca. Without a dissenting voice the Grand Lodge put itself behind this great movement, and the future of the order in ihis domain cannot be foretold if present indications mean anything, so great will that future be. Not only to care for the widow and the orphan, sustain the indigent and needy, but to go outside the pale of Pythianism and help all humanity, is the object of "Ovoca." The Uniform Rank, Knights of Pythias, c(mstitutes an important auxiliary of the order. Authorized and recognized by the supreme authority of the Knights of Pythias, the Pythian iSisterhood con- stitutes an auxiliary of marked excellence and influence. While the Knight.s of Khorassan have no special official relations with the bodies of Pythianism, nobody can be admitted to v, temple \vho is nut a Pythian in >iood and regular standing. Red Men. The Improved Order of Red Men enjo.vs the distinc- tion of being the oldest fraternal organization of purely American origin. Its existence is contemporaneous with that of the United States, and its history can be definitely traced back to 1760. The Great Council ot Tennessee was instituted on the second sun Hot Moon, G. S. D., 378 (June 2, 1869), al- though prior existence is claimed under the direct supervi- sion of the Great Council of the United States. Li. M. Temple, acting under authority of the Great Icohonee, called the meeting to order, and was in turn elected the first Great Sachem; P. R. Albert heing elected Great Chief of Rec- ords. From that date the order was steadily advanced. ()h'(lAMZATI<>\S 165 At present sixty-one active tribes are located in tlie Reservation, with a membership the personnel of which is equal to any organization in existence. A number of Tennessee Red Men have received high honors at the hands of the Great Council of the United States. In G. S. D., 393 (18S4) W. H. Hyronemus was elected to the exalted stump of Great Incohonee, a posi- tion he filled with signal a;bility. A. G. Rutherford, another Tennessee Red Man, has, Ijy sheer force of character, advanced in the councils of the order until at present he is Chairman of the Judiciary Committee of the Great Council of the United States, a position that requires rare judgment and keen intellect. Glenn Henderson, Nashville, is Great Keeper oi: Records. Order of Elks. No Elk Lodge in the United States has a handsomer club house than has the Nashville Lodge of this popular order. Since 1907 the membership of the order has more than doubled, now totaling over 1,200. The elegant lodge house on Sixth Avenue, North, is valued at about $135,000, and is spacious, elegant and beautiful. On the lower floor are offices, reception rooms, cafes, etc., while on the second is located the splendidly equipped library, and on the third the spacious ballroom. The library occupies the entire front of the second floor and is one of the most elegant and complete features of the Elks' club house. The large and constantly increas- ing ooilection of books to be found therein are circulated among the members of the order and their families. The equipment of every department of the building is modern and of the most elegant character. The Nashville Elks are noted for their charities. Each C'hristmas they entertain about 3,000 children with a mam- moth Christmas tree, from which gifts are presented to each child. 166 ^^LL ABOUT NASHVILLE Royal Arcanum. The Royal Arcanum is one of the strongest fraternal insurance organizations in the State of Tennessee. The first council in this grand division was instituted in Nashville May 22, 1878. As the number of the council was 92, it will be seen thai Tennessee was among the first of the States to extend a welcome to the then comparatively new institution. The Nashville CnunciL No. 92, was instituted under the personal supervision of Past Supreme Regent D. Wilson. Tennessee now has forfy councils of the Royal .\rcanum, nine of which are located in Nashville. Each of the other large cities of Tennessee has several councils and representative branches of the Arcanum are located in all the places of considerable size in the State. Three councils are located in Nashville — ^Nashville, No. 92; Old Hickory, No. 299; Magnolia, No. 295; Edgefield, No. 314; Hermitage, No. 966; Loring, No. 1429; Dixie, No. 1447; East Side, No. 1475; Richland, No. 1767. The Patricians. The Tennessee 'Phalanx home office is located in Nash- ville, and the meetings are held biennially. The other organizations of the order are as follows: Primrose Pri- mary, No. 1; Palmer Primary, No. 3; Prismatic Primary, No. 5; Palmetto Primaiy, No. 7: Plenary Primary, No. 77. National Union. The National Union is represented in Nashville as follows: A. R. IMarks Conncil, 'No. 541, Nichol Building, 407 1-2 Union Street; Bob Hatton Council, No. 625, Nickel Hall, corner Fourth Avenue and Troost; Tennessee Coun- cil, No. 642, Weakley Hall, Woodland and 'Fifth; Hermit- age Council, No. 709, Jefferson, corner Seventh; John Se- vier Council, No. 276, Foster and iSecond Streets; Maine Council, No. 820; Smiley Lodge, No. 90, Odd Fellows' Tem- ple; Aurora Lodge, No. 105, Aurora Hall; St. George Lodge, R GA NIZA TI O NS PHOTOGRAPHIC D[PT. Commercial, View, riashlight films Developed 10c Per Roll Pictures Ready Next Day WILES 167 POST CARDS, SOUVENIRS, NOVELTIES, KODAKS, SUPPLIES, RUBBER STAMPS We Can Furnish You Duplicates of Views in this Book. FROM "HISTORICAL AND BEAUTIFUL COUNTRY HOMES OF DAVIDSON COUNTY. ' Photo by Wiles. 168 ALL ABOUT TslAHIIVILLE 316 1-2 Cedar; Centennial, No. 31, Ratterman's Hall; Old Fellows' Temple; Jos. B. Pettit Lodge, No. 279, Pettit's Hall; Wood'bine (Rebekah Lodge, No. 4, Odd Fellows' Temple, and Nashville Encampment, No. 1, Odd Fellows' Temple. Chief Patriarch is J. W. Tliompson. Order of Golden Cross. The United Order of the Golden Cross was incor- porated in Tennessee July 4, 1876. The four cardinal prin- ciples upon which the organization was based are: Wom- en's fraternal rights, temperance, 'Christianity and home protection. The original members of the order were mem- bers of the Good Templars. The first commandery was organzed in Nashville Ma.v 9, 1886, with eleven members. A few days later ten names wfTe added and by the end of the following month the organization had forty-three members. Since its organization the order has paid in beneli- ciai'iesi about $10,539,468.76, of which more than half a million dollars has been turned over to widows and or- phans in Tennessee. Independent Order of B'Nai B'Rith. The Nashville Lodge of the Independent Order of B'Nai B'Rith has 175 members. This is the largest and oldest Jewish fraternal organization. It has a membership of about 33,000, divided into more than 330 lodges and ten grand lodges, distributed all over the United States, Ger- many, Roumania, Austria-Hungary, Egypt and (Palestine. The order was established in 1842. Knights of Columbus. The Knights of Columbus constitute one of the strong- est orders in the city. The handsome club room of the order is at 219 1-2 Fourth Avenue, North. Regular meei- ings are held every Thursday night. Many handsome social affairs are given by the K. of C. ORGAM/A'/'/OXS 169 Knights of the Maccabees. Centennial Tent, No. 15, Knights of the Maccabees, meets second and fourth Thursday nights in eacli month in American Musician's Hall, 210 1-2 Union Street. Knights and Ladies of Honor- There are three lodges of the Knights and Ladies of Honor in Nashville, as follows: Harmonia Lodge, No. 1501; Sylvian City, No. 5, and Myrtle Lodge, No. 82. Independent Order of Foresters. Nashville Court, No. 4601, meets in the Hitchcoclc Building monthly. L. A. Gupton is Chief Ranger and A. R. Allen is Secretary. Modern Woodmen of America. There are three camps of Modern Woodmen of Amer- ica in Nashville, as follows: Tennessee Camp, No. 11952," 407 1-2 Union Street; Wesley Bryant Camp, No. 12232, 4900 Charlotte Avenue, and Rock City Camp, No. 12383, 219 1-2 Fourth Avenue, North. W. S. Johnson is State Consul. Woodmen of the World. Nashville has the following camps of Woodmen of t'ae World: Cherry, No. 9, Richland Hall; Cedar, No. 25, ;n(; 1-2 Cedar ; ( Vntenninl. No. ."n. Rntternian's Hall : Olil Hickory, No. 295, 425 Eleventh Avenue, South; Rosewood, No. 33, Carroll and Second Avenue; Pine Tree, No. 34; Sycamore, No. 125, Cheatham and Ninth Avenue. Order of Eagles. Nashville Aerie, No. 86, of the Fraternal Order of Eagles, was organized Sept. 12, 1900, with 76 charter mem- bers. Today there are nearly 400 members on its books. Outside of Nashville the Eagles have six large Aeries in the State. 170 ^J^L ABOUT NASHVILLE Junior Order United American Mechanics. Organizer for Tennessee of the Junior Order United American IMechanios is E. B. Martin, 517 Second Avenue, Soutli, Nasliville. Tlie councils are: Wasliington, No. 5: Eureka, No. 206; Good Will, No. 6; Guiding Star, No. 7; Richland, No. 16; Jewel, No. 48; Eastland, No. 188: Grand- view, No. 213; Belmont, No. 232. Sailors. There are nine lodges of Sailors in Nashville. Head- quarters of the Fleet are located at 208 First National Bank Building. J. P. Cherry is Admiral. The lodges are organized as Ship Ideal, No. 1; Ship Merrimac, No. 3; Ship Nashville, No. 2; Ship Anchor, No. 9; Ship Rosewood, No. 10; Ship Mayflower, No. 31; Ship Sunlight, No. 40; Ship Volunteer, No. 49; Ship Zion. Catholic Knights of America. There are three branches of this order in Nashville, as follows: Branch No. 1, 329 Deaderick Street; St. Ce- cilia Branch, No. 3 (first and third Sundays in St. Mary's Cathedral at 2:30 p.m.); St. Columba's Branch, No. 68 (St. Columba's School, second and fourth Sundays at 2:30 p.m.). Tennessee Fraternal Congress. The Fraternal Association of Nashville is composed of representatives of about ten of the leading orders in tho city. The officers are: Frank J. Bath, Elks, President: W. M. Sidebottom, Golden Cross, Vice-President; W. H. Gray, Royal Arcanum, Secretary; A. II. ITampson, Sail- ors; Clarence R. Jackson, Red Men; Maj. W. H. Sloane, Knights of Pythias: W. S. Johnston, Modern "Woodmen of America; J. S. Neely, National Union; j. W. Patrick, Junior Order United American (Mechanics. The office of the Secretary is No. 4 Noel Block. The meetings are held annually on the fourth Wednesday in January in Nashville. PARKS 171 PARKS. N^^ASiHV'I'LiliE has many parks of unusual beauty. The Park Commission was organized in 1901, and is composed of F. P. McWhirter, R. M. Dud- mJ ley, Maj. E. C. Lewis, Ben Lindauer and John 8. 'Lewis, secretary. Frank A. Butler is Superintendent. The offices of the couuuission ai-e located in Centennial Park. Tlie tch'tthone nvnuber iS' Hemlock 147. Parks owned by the city are Centennial (West), Shelby (OEast), Watkins (North), Richland (West), Morgan (North), Cherokee (West), and Elizabeth. A number of playgrounds have been established by the Park Commission in various sections of the city. The principal ones are located in the parks named above; on Meridian Street, at Tenth and Fatherland Street, and in South Nashville. Centennial is an ornamental park, and is considered one of the most beautiful of its kind in America. Shelby Park is noted for its natural beauty. The iP'ark Commission derives revenue from several sources. It receives 3 per cent of the gross income of the Nashville Railway & Light Company; it receives appro- priations amounting to one-half mill for the assessed tax values. It also receives some special appropriation from the City Council. The Park Commission serves without comipensation and is constantly adding to and improving the city's park system. Centennial Park Centennial Park is located in the western part of the city and comprises 110 acres. It is reached by the Broad- way-West Elid car. It is an ornamental park of great 172 ALL ABOUT NA8H]1LLL beauty, with miles of graveled walks and driveways, fountains, trees, shrubs and flowers. A beautiful lake is one of its greatest attractions, and boating is a favorite pastime in the warm season. The Parthenon, mentioned under the head of "Public Buildings," is its chief ornament. In this park are located several imposing monu- ments. One honors the memory of Maj. John W. Thomas a distinguished and greatly beloved citizen; another is to the memory of the Confederate soldier, and a tall shaft tells of the esteem in which .James Robertson founder of Nashville, is held. At the entrance of the park is located Cockrill Spring, over which a handsome spring house has been built. This spring marks the beginning of the Natchez Trace and the spot is to be marked with a huge boulder of native stone by the Daughters of the American Revolution. The park greenhouses are quite extensive and "History Build- ing" during the Centennial is now used for a museum of Tennessee relics. SCENE .\T NIGHT, IN CENTENNIAL PARK. PARKS 173 Glendale Park Glendale is one of the most popular parks adjacent to the city of Nashville and is reached by the Eightli Avenue and Glendale car. The park is beautifully situ- ated seven miles southwest of the city. It lies at the foot of a group of picturesque hills known as "Overton Knobs." Amusements of various kinds, including a popular-priced theater, a zoo and other features, make the place attractive to the visitor. The park is owned and operated by the Nashville Railway & Light Company. Shelby Park Shelby Park is situated at the eastern outskirts of the city and is reached by the Shelby Avenue car. It comprises about 210 acres and is beautifully wooded. It has a river frontage that gives it unusual advantages and the Park Commission is making the park one of the most attractive of the city, at the same time preserving- its natural beauty, for which it is noted. Richland Park Richland Park is located in West Nashville and is reached by the West Nashville or Charlotte Pike cars. It is ibeautiful in blue grass and shaded by ancient oaks. It is a park of natural ^beauty and is kept clean and attractive for the visitor. There are various small parks in other sections of the city. 174 ^LL ABOUT NASHVILLE THEATERS. A COQRiDING to an old issue of the Nashville Amer- ican, the forerunner of the menagerie appeared on JMay 25, 1819, in the shape of an "America'i lioness and three whelps," on exhibition in tho yard of the Nushville Inn. The wbelp.s were less thiui two weeks old. They wen- ainionnred as the '"Firist exhibition of the kind on this Continent and the second one in the known world! Admission 50 cents! Children half price!" On September 20 of the same year came "The greatest curiosity now on exhibition in America, .•! female elephant, 18 feet long, trunk and tail included, 12 feet around the body, 7 feet high aud weighing over 4,000 pounds." The admission was 50 cents, half price for children. Theatricals came in the fall of 1817. A company spent some weeks in town during the early fall of that year, but left no record of its performauce.s. In October of that year a gentleman appeared in "grand tumbling, Hip-tiops, somersaults, leaping, vaulting," etc., "at Elliston'vs long room, on Market Sti'eet." This was about the begin- ning of theatrical entertainment.s in Nashville. May 19, 1820, the young men of the town formed them- selves into the "Nashville Thespian Society" and presented the N-ashville public with the comedy of the "Poor Gentle- man," the farce being "A Miss in Her Teens, or a (Medley of Lovers.' Tliis entertainment was given in the "New Theater." The location is not given, but it is reasonably certain that it was a brick house on or near the corner of Market Street and Gay alley, west side, which had been previously used as a warehouse. Nor was it long until all Nashville enjoyed a balloon ascension. The chronicler of the event states that "it required less than fifteen minutes to inflate it. It rose in THEATERS I75 a calm atmosphere perpendicularly until it appeared no bigger than a cask, and floated away." Today Nashville has a number of handsome play- houses. The Vendome, situated on Church Street between Sixth and Seventh Avenues, is the leading theater. The Bijou is next in importance and is a popular- priced house. It is located on Fourth Avenue, North. The Gr&nd, on Church Street near Fifth Avenue, pre- sents vaudeville at popular prices. The Orpheum, on Seventh Avenue, north, is also •\ popular priced vaudeville. There are a number of moving picture theaters lo- cated on Fifth Avenue and on Church Street. The newest theater is the "Princess," located on Church Street, near Fifth Avenue. 4. 4. ^ The State Fair The Tennessee State Fair is annually held at Nash- ville, aiKl has been enlled tlio "anuu;il expression of Tennessee's greatness." For several years the Fair was held under the management of a State Fair Association composed of a number of leading citizens. Davidson County purchased the property for $150,000 and presented it to the State, and since 1910 it has been a State Fair. ^ 4* 4* Bloomington Springs Within easy reach of Nashville are many delightful summer resorts. None is more popular than Bloomington Springs, 1,100 feet above sea level, on the plateau of the Cumberland Mountains. It is 83 miles east of Nashville. Mr. B. W. Bmrford is proprietor. At Bloomington Springs is situated the attractive club house of the Tennessee Woman's Press and Authors' Club. 176 -i^^J'^ ABOUT NANIIVILLE HOSPITALS. w ITH the completion of Galloway Memorial Hospital Nashville will have hospital facilities fully ade- quate to meet all needs. This institution will be erected and main- lainc.i umlor llie .-lusidces of the Methodist EpiscdiKil Churcli. Siiulli. lint will he coiidufted along broacl, inter- (i(>iH>niin;itiiin:il liiic^. \\'hcii conipk-tcd it will havi' <'()st The need for such an institution was so apparent that public-spirited people of all denominations imme- diately pledged their cordial interest and substantial sup- i'.ort when tlic iimjcrt was laiinchc;! in I'-Mi'.). Credit for the inception of the idea lor a great Protestant hospital in Nashville is doubtless due to Bishop Walter R. Lam- buth, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Having been for many years a medical missionary of his church in the Orient and having, in a lifetime of service, min- istered to both the spiritual and the physical man, Dr. Lambuth was quick to perceive the need for a modernly- equipped and spacious Protestant institution for the care of the sick. From the first the efforts have lieen crowned with success and the hospital, when completed, will be the finest in the South. It will be erected on a desirable lot in South Nash- ville on the old I'eabady camp-us. where, by a happy arrange- ment, tbe medical diepartment of A'anderbilt University will co-operate. Rev. A. E. Clement, with offices in the 'Methodist Publishing House, is Hospital Commissioner. St. Thomas' Sanitarium. For many years Si. Thomas' Sanitarium has been the leading institution of this kind in Nashville. Established HOSPITALS 177 by Bishop Thomas Sebastian Byrn and conducted by the Sisters of Charity, under tlii- ausiJircs ot tlie Uonian Cath- olic Church, it rapidly became one of the leading hospitals of the South. It is located on 'Hayes Street (West), northwest cor- ner of Twentieth Avenue. It is reached by the West Nashville car. Sister Scholastica is Mother Superior. City Hospital. The Nashville City Hospital also ranks with the lead- ing institutions of its kind in the country. It is located on Moore Street, near Filmore Street, in South Nashville, and is reached by the Wharf Avenue car. Shoffner Hospital. Shoffner Hospital is operated under the auspices oi the Eclectic School of Medicine on Lindsley Avenue, in South Nashville. It is reached by the Fairfield car. ST. THOMAS SANITARIUM. 178 "IXL ABOUT NASiniLLE Adventists Sanitariums. At Madison Station, twelve miles on the Gallatin pike, the 'Seventh Day Adventists conduct a large sanita- rium. They also have a sanitarium on the Murfreesboro road. Woman's Hospital. The Woman's Hospital for the State of Tennessee is located at 301 Eighth Avenue, North. Dr. W. C. Mc- Gannon is in charge. Mrs. C. H. Eastman is President of the Board of Lady Managers. Other Nashville sanitariums include iMaplev^rood San- itarium, 15 Lindsey Avenue; Fort's Private Infirmary, 209 Seventh Avenue, North; Eve's Surgical Infirmary, 14! Broadway; Eastwood Infirmary, 219 Spring Street; Doug- las Infirmary, (Peabody and Second Avenue (Dr. Richard A. Barr in charge); City View Sanitarium (Dr. J. W. Stevens in charge), and Brigg's Infirmary, 421 Third Ave- nue, 'South. 4. ^ 4. Socialists in Nashville. The Socialist party in Nashville is represented by a dues-paying membership of 150. The Socialist local was organized in 1900 with the following charter members: Dr. C. H. Stockell, Dr. Howard Enloe, William E. Maley, O. H. Rudolph, George Rickenback, Dr. W. H. Jackson, W. H. Sneed and Mr. Bowen. The Nashville headquarters are located at Booster Hall 415 North First Street, and meetings are held every Thursday evening. Prominent speakers often address these meetings and a lyceum course is conducted through the season. The largest Socialist vote ever polled in this district was in 1910, when Dr. W. H. .lackson, candidate for Con- gress against Joseph W. Byrns, received 1,700 votes. PROFEHmOSAL 179 PROFESSIONAL. Medicine and Surgery. mlWS^ profession of medicine and surgery in Tennessee numbers among its votaries some of the leading practitioners of the United iStates. Indeed, all through its liistory tlie State lias been noted for the high rank takt-ii l>y its i>liysii-ians aiul prartidners oif the country. One of the potent influences in connection with the maintenance of a high grade of scholarship and of per- sonal character on the part of the medical profession of the iState is the Tennessee State iMedical Association. This important and leading body of representatives of medicine and surgery was organized in Nashville in 1833. The purposrs of the society, as ciuuiciatcd by the fvHUulers, were the creation and maintenance of higher standards ox the medical profession in the State, the securing of per- sonal accLuaintanceship among the physicians and sur- geons, and the earnest purpose to keep abreast of the progress of the times in all that pertains to the advance- ment, development and success of the profession. Annual meetings of the society are held in different parts of the State, lasting five days. Eclectic School The history of eclectic medicine in Tennessee dates from about 1844, when several eclectic physicians located in the western part of the State. A bill was intr(jiluced in the (ieneral Assembly in the winter of 1S4(), and became a law February 2, 1847, incor- porating the new medical school, Eclectic, in Memphis. This school finally was mergeeen recognized as the leader of the movement for clean college athletics in the South. Vandcrljilt is given promi- nence because she earned it, though the fact that she shines with greater brilliancy does not necessai'ily illusti'ate that the other Tennesi-^ee colleges have anything like a lack luster hue in the college spoi'ting world. In i^reparatory circles Nashville schools Imve been equally [.nnninent. Tennessee has had her Marathon, her short sprints, her tennis matches, golf tournaments, and, in fact, every sport from marbles to prize fights, or, more properly, boxing bouts, which are now permitted to go eight rounds under a law ]iassi'-d l)y the Legis-lature of lUUi). Baseball. Nashville has enjoyed professional baseball for a num- ber of years. The team has won three out of ten pennants fought for in the Smithern League, more than any other city, with the excepticni of New Orleans. The Southern League in which Nashville, Chatta- nooga and Memphis now hold membership, was formed — that is, the present organization — in 1901, with a circuit including eight clubs, among which were those of the cities mentioned. The Southern League won its way from Class B to Class A under the splendid management of President William Kavanaugh, and Tennessee has ever been one jl its strongest factors in spite oif the fact that for a while Chattanooga dropped out to play with a minor body. Nashville saw the greatest game ever played in the Southern League in the la,tter part of the season of 1908. In fact, it was the last game of the season, in which 190 A^LL ABOUT NASIl] ILLJjJ Nashville and New Orleaus were pitted against each other. The wiiiiier ut' lluit ,!j;aine was the lA^uiiaiit-wiiincr by mm point, and it was won by Nashville on one vscore. The vic- Uny was largely due to the wonderful pitching of Vedder Sifton, tlion NashviUc's star pitrher. Other leagues in Nashville are the City League and the Rock City League, both amateur organizations. Van- derbiit University turns out one of the best college nines in the South each season. Baseball is also actively engaged in in preparatory circles, a City Preparatory School League being organized each season. Winthroy won the pennant in this league in 1911. Nashville Aero Club. The Nashville Aero Club was organized in A,pril, 1911, for the purpose of encouraging aeronautics and gen- eral athletic sports. Under the auspices of the club the "Aviation Meet" was held in Nashville in the spring of 1911, and some splendid exhibitions were given. The officers are: President, Charles H. DeZevallos; First Vice-President. .laiiies I'ahuer; Second Vice-President. ( ). J. Timothy; Secretary and Treasurer, E. 'Fisher Coles. Nashville Automobile Club. The Nashville Automobile Club is one of the most progressive organizations in the city. The officers are: West Morton, President; .Tames Palmer, J. 0. Cheek, A. B. Ransom, Vice-Presidents; W. C. Kirkland, John Baxter, A. S. Warren, .Jr., Leo D. Wege, Joe Yowell, Leland Hume, W. L. Granbery, H. F. Smith and Jordan Stokes, Jr., Directors. The ^Nashville Y. M. C. A. has inaugurated a course of instruction in automobile driving and repairing. After a man has finished this course he is as well fitted to mn an automobile as to drive a horse and buggy. A great many men come here to take the course from neighbor- ing States, as there is no such course offered between SPORTS A^W ATHLETICS 191 New Orleans and Cincinnati. A separate class is con- ducted for colored men who expect to become chauffeurs. The Mashville Automobile Club is an advisory committee to co-operate with this department of the Y. iM. C. A. Nashville Golf Club. The Nashville Golf Club was organized in 1901. The club has . a golf course on the Harding road three miles out from the heart of the cit>- which is reaehed by the Broadway-West End c;ir lino. Tbi' car runs mi n Hftceii- minute schedule. The club is open the year around. The clni> lias an eighteen-bolo ciHirsc. which is ki"i;t in excellent condition. An invitation tournament is held each year, usually in the month of June. Members of the U. S. G. A., the W. G. A. and the S. G. A. are always welcome to the course. The club has a membership of over 300. Mr. John Bell Keeble is iP'resident; Mr. John M. Gray, Vice-President, and Mr. Bradley Walker, Secre- tary-Treasurer. Nashville Tennis Club, The Nashville Tennis Club has six excellent courts located on Twenty-fifth Avenue, North, just east of Cen- tennial Park. The courls are reached by the Broadway cars. The new home of the club will he on the property owned by O. F. Noel, at the junction of the Glendale car line and the Tennessee Central Railroad north of what is known as the "loop." Cumberland Boat Club. There is much interest in boating in Nashville, and the Cumberland Boat Club, of which Mr. Erskine Jen- nings is President, has an enthusiastic membership. 'Many handsome launches are owned in Nashville, and in season river excursions are very popular. There are two at- tractive heat houses on the river, one of which belongs to the Cumberland Boat Club. 192 ALL ABOUT NAISIIVILLE VANDERBILT FOOTBALL TEAM IN ACTION. She tied a knot in the Tiger's tail — *S'7(C heat the Indians and then tied Yale. What's the matter with Vavdy? She's all right! ^ •!• •!• Water Supply. N"^ ASiHVILLiE gets its water supply from the Cum- berland River. The daily consumption is 14,000,000 .ixallons. The i^ystoui is luiini'inu- to tlu- reservoir. ^ ^ the capacity of which is 51,000,000 gallons. The average pressure is from 30 to 90 pouuFlour and grist mill products $4,242,491 Timber and mill products, annual production. . . . 2,418,228 Cars and general shop construction 1,724,007 Newspaper and periodical publication 1,401,881 Manufacture Oif tolbacoo 1,311,019 Book and job printing 890,482 Manufacture of men's cllothing 720,227 Harness and saddlery mamifactuiiing 563,979 Poultry Shipments Enormous. ProbaJbly $3,000,000 would be a conservative esti- mate of the value of the poultry products shipped an- nually out of Nashville to points North, Eiast, South and West. 'About two-thirds of this amount represents^ eggs, and the rest live and dressed poultry. In June, 1911, the Poiiltry and Egg Shippers' Asso- ciation was organized here, with representatives from all NATURAL RESOURCES 203 the SoutliL'i-u States. The purpose oif this organization is to educate the farmers and poultry raisers along the line of better poultry, more poultry, and better methods for marketing and caring for same. Publishing Interests. With its thirty-six printing and publishing houses, Nashville is supplying almost every country on the globe with religious literature, furnishing the English-speaking world with much of its supply of choice reading matter and supplying, in large proportions, the commercial sta- tionery and blank books used in the Southern and W^est- ern States. Since the first commercial printing establishment waa organized in Nashville the name of the city has been the first to suggest itself to the minds of business men in the iSouth when the question of printing is brought up. There is not a postoffice in all the Southern States, and few in the entire country, that does not receive each week some kind of printed matter mailed from Nashville. There are few missionary posts in the far corners of the earth that do not receive regularly printed matter sent out from Nashville in many languages. With the single exception of railroad pay rolls, and that only in the most prosperous times, the pay rolls of the publishing and printing establishments of Nashville are the largest in the city. Thousands of people are em- ployed and many thousands of dollars are paid out each week for salaries to the army of men and women em- ployed in these thirty-six establishments. The capital invested in the printing and publishing business in Nashville is more than $5,000,000. The value of the annual output is $8,000,000. This city is the fore- most publishing center of the South and the fifth largest publishing center in America. It is the third city in the country in point of variety of work. The church pu!)lishiiig board in Nashville include the fcllnwing: Publishing House of the Southern Meth- 204 ^^^ ABOUT NASH] ILLE odist Cliurcli; Sunday School Board of the Southern Bap- tist Church; Board of Publication of the Cumberland Pres- byterian Church; Gospel Advocate of the Christian V mirch; Southern Publishing Association, Pentecostal Mission Publishing House; Seventh Day Adventists' Pub- lishing House; National Baptist Publishing Board (col- ored) ; Sunday School Board, African Methodist Church. 4" ^ 4" Confederate Veteran. Nashville has the honor of being the home of The Confederate Veteran, recognized throughout the nation as the official representative of the interests of the Con- federate soldiers and their children. Mr. S. A. Cunningham started the publi- cation of the magazine twenty years ago for the purpose of preserving to future generations much of the history of that memorable conflict that would otherwise have been lost. Through the years of its existence Mr. Cunningham has personally supervised practically every issue of the magazine. Despite the difficulty of such an undertaking, especially in its beginning, Mr. Cun- ningham has not only rondnxMl an iuestiniablo service to the South, but he has won the cordial friendship of many of the leaders of the other side — broad men who appreciate the absolute sincerity of Mr. Cunningham's work. And it is an interesting fact that many of the stories published in the Veteran have been appreciated and commented on by Northern men. The office of The Confederate Veteran in the Meth- odist Publishing House is a storehouse of valuable history and the files of the magazine as well as the valual)le library are open to visitors. 206 ^LL ABOUT NA8UVILLE MISCELLANEOUS. The State Archives. I T was in iSI):; that the beginning was made to save from the Capitoi abasement and boiler house the •<;ilvagt' of the v;ihi:ibh' rrcnrds of tiii" State of TeiHiessee, tlicn lying in iiiixes, jiileil in ))roken ;uid overturnetl boxes arid wadded into chiinfes and crevices and under stairways. That the be- ginning was made and that what is left of Tennessee's records are safely and systematically and affectionately cared for is due to the initiation of Mr. Robert T. Quarles, then Custodian of the Capitol and since then tiie valued State Archivist. The occasion was the request of the United States Government to the Governor of Tennessee to forward eighty-five chests of vouchers of the Quartermaster's De- partment, left as duplicates by various Quartermasters in Nashville during the Civil War. Mr. Quarles undertook the work, and in the prosecution of it discovered the de- plorable condition in which the archives of the State existed. Ambition to save, patriotic interest and the fire of the historian inspired (Mr. Quarles to be^gin the work of salvage unaided, giving such time as he could spare from his duties to the preservation of the papers. It was left to Governor Benton McMillin to realize the genuine value of these records and to attempt a regularly organized rescue work. The iLeigislature denied an appropriation, and Governor McMillin cheerfully sac- rificed his own office expense appropriation for the work. Tlie papers were first conveyed to the armory, where they were dried, assorted and cleansed. They were after- wards removed to the attic of the State Capitol. MISCELLANEOUS 207 The archives include all the papers from every de- partment of the State Government from 1796 to 190S. These imclude all the papers relating to the formation of Tennessee's State Government; the correspondence of Territorial Governor William Blount with the departments at Washington up to and including 1795; the correspondence of tlie first State Governor, John ISevder, from 1796, when Tennessee was admitted to the Union, through his admin- istration, and the like correspondence of succeeding Gov- ernors to the present time; the records and correspond- ence of the wars of Tennessee, from the Creek War of 1812-13, the campaign ending at New Orleans, the Semi- nole War, the War with Mexico, and the .Civil War. From as far back as 1800 the papers of the Supreme Court have heen filed to date, and in so far as possihle tho.se of the Comptroller, Secretary of State, Treasurer and all otiher branches of the State Government have been added and are now filed regularly in chrono'logical order iu this De]';artuH'ut ^f Archives. Tennessee's rec- ords from now on are to be saved and will one day be made secure. There are now between seven and eight million papers in the custody of the lArchivist, sorted and aocessihle to the public. ,J, ^ ^ The Classic Cumberland. mHE Cumberland River, upon which Nashville is situated, has frequently heen called "The Classic Cumberland," and the scenery along its rock- rimmed banks is strikingly beautiful. The Indians called the Cumherlnncl River the "Wariotu." and the French called it the "Cliauvenou." It rises in the moun- tains c.f Kentucky aii-d swee]« iu a semi-circle through, some of the fairest portions of Tennessee, giving Nashville a natural highway which has great commercial value. By inland waters alone Nashville can reach no less than twenty States, hesides the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic seaboard. 208 -4LL ABOUT NASHVILLE Both historically and commercially the Cumberlan.i River has ibeen important from the earliest days of the infant settlement. EJven before the steamboats plied, Nashville was the center of large commerce on the Cum- berland, and long before the war this city owned and controlled as large a fleet of steamers as appeared in any inland waters. The Cumberland is the only river in the United States that penetrates through distinct bituminous coal fields, one of which is the most extensive in the entire country. The Federal Government is constantly spending its hundreds of thousands to make its system of locks com- plete, for it affords navigation for 383 miles above Nash- ville and to the Ohio 20 miles away, below Nashville, The 'boat lines operating upon its waters touch at forty- five cities and towns along- its length, with a total or' nearly 400 landing places. In 1910 the total tonnage handled on the Cumberland was 9,540,201, of an estimated value of $28,620,603. Tobacco, grain, livestock and lumber were the main products handled. During the season round-trip rates are given on the steamboat lines, and no more delightful vacation trip can be imagined than a visit to the head of navigation, up in the Kentucky mountains. ^« •+« *4^ An Ideal Climate. Jits climate eoraJbines humidity and sunshine, cold and warmth, in .lust the riglit iiroportions to make res- idence a constant pleasure to man and the highest statf of perfectiion for the largest number of lorops. It is the happy climatic medium. There is piraotically no zero weather, no drouths or cyclones. The temperature aver- age for forty-one years was 60.01 degrees. While the tempeirature in winter sometimes descends to zeiro, and even a few degrees below, there lils not much zero weather. MISCELLANEOUS 209 Cumberland River Bridges. In addition to the old bridge from tlie -Public Square and the two new structures, and the Hyde'si Ferry bridge, the Louisville & Nashville and the Tennessee Central railroads span the 'Cumiberland river at Nashville with railroad bridges, thus making a total of six massive and modern steel structures across the river at this point. The cost of constructing the two new Cumberland river bridges was about $900,OfM>. In addition to this, rights of way had to Ibe 'bought, costing from $100,000 to $150,000, making the total cost of the work to the county not less than $1,000,000. Tihe new bridges are duplicates. The main river spans 180 feet, while the central spans are 320 feet. These spans rest on concrete piers 110 feet from the foundiations, which are of 'steel, are fifty -two feet higlh at the center, the top being gracefully curved towards the ends. Some novel construction has been used in the approaches over the railroad yiards at Sparkman street bridge; this class of work is known as concrete bow string trusses, and carry the roadway and walks. The main roadways are forty feet in width while the sidewalks on either side are ten feet wide. The bridge committee, which had to pass upon all the details of the new bridges, was compoised of K. Rains, chairman; W. E. Norvell, iMaj. C. T. Cheek, J. M. Wilson and T. L. Herrin. Originator of Dry Cleaning in Nashville Firestine, The Cleaner CLEANER OF FANCY GARMENTS 238 FIFTH AVENUE, NORTH PHONE MAIN 1569 NASHVILLE, TENN. 14 MISCELLANEOUS 211 Nashville Writers. With the single exception of Indianapolis, Nashville has more writers of note than any city of the country. Miss Maria Thompson Daviess, whose books have charmed the American public within the past few years, lives ill iiii uttr.iitive home of her own on Ackloii Ave- nue. Miss Daviess is a hard worker, but the wholesome- nesis and o-ptimism of her nature ;ire imlicattd in her de- lightful stories and her friends enjoy many charming hours in her lovely home. Mrs. Lundy H. Harris (Corra Harris), whose stories in the Saturday Evening Post have brought her close to the reading public of two continents, lives at 310 Twenty- fourth Avenue, South. Mrs. Harris is not strong physi- cally, and since she has constant demands for her work her friends are denied the privilege of seeing her as often as they would like. Nashville feels an especial pride in the great success Mrs. Harris has attained, since all of her work has been done here. IMr. John Trotwood Moore, although, as his writings indicate, loves the woods and the fields, has a handsome town house on Twenty-second Avenue, which is the scene of many cultured gatherings. Mr. Moore's books are all intensely associated with Tennessee and the scenes are mainly laid in this section. iMiss Will Allen Dromgoole, who conducts "Song and Story'' on the Nashville Banner, has long been known an;] loved for her exquisite stories and her books are among the most popular by Southern writers. Mr. Francis Perry Elliott, whose latest success, "The Haunted Pajamas," has been read the world round, lives when in town, in the quaint old home of his parents, built by them even before the State Capitol was erected. Mr. El- liott lives quietly and an atmosphere of ante-bellum charm clings around the old home in which he works. iMrs. Kate Trimble Sharber, one of the newest and best known of Nashville writers, is the wife of a leading 212 ^LL ABOUT NASHVILLE physician and their home is on Fatherland Street, in East Nashville. Mrs. Shavber is very domestic and loves her home. She is a young woman of unusual personal beauty. Mrs. Elizabeth Fry Page, whose short stories, books and editorial work are well known, makes her home in Nashville and is chairman of the local Woman's Press and Authors' Club. In addition to those mentioned there are a number of well known magazine and newspaper writers. ^ ^ ^ Music and A rt. In both art and music Nashville has claims to distinc- tion. The musical clubs of the city are mentioned else- where. Professionally, Nashville has contributed Kitty Cheat- ham, who occupies a unique and distinguished position in the world of musical art, and others of note. The city has also a number of music teachers of reputation. The All-Star Musical Course, founded and conducted by Mrs. John Cathey, has done much for Nashville in the way of bringing noted artists, and Mr. DeLong Rice of the Rice Bureau has also brought celebrated artists to the city. Through Mrs. (Jathey, Nashville, in l!JU)-ll. hoard the following artists: Mme. Louise Homer, contralto; Mme. Johanna Gadski, soprano; Mme. Berdice Blye, pianist; Mr. Francis Macmillen, violinist; Mr. Chris Ander- son, baritone; Mr. Edwin Schneider, pianist; and the New York Symphony Orchestra in afternoon and evening fes- tivals. Realizing the magnitude of the enterprise and its vast importance to Nashville, the Board of Trade is assisting this season, with a. view to making the course one of Nashville's iteruiauent assets. The artists on the list for 1911-1912 include the Alice Neilsen-Riccardo Martin Grand Operatic Concert Company; Mr. David Bispham, baritone; MlkiCELLANEOUS 213 Mr. Harold Bauer, pianist; Mr. Ellison Van Hoose, tenor; Vladimii- de Faclimann, pianist ; Miss Kathleen Parlow, violinist: Mme. Gerville Reache, contralto; Mme. Jeanne Jomelli, soprano. In art Nashville has claims to distinction also. As portrait painters Mrs. Willie Betty Newman, Miss Ella Herglesheimer, Mr. Cornelius Hankins and others are well known. Through Mrs. James C. Bradford and co-workers in the Art Association Nashville has had frequent art ex- hibits at the Carnegie Library. The studio of Mrs. Willie Betty Newman, on Broad Street, is one of the most charming places in Nashville. Miss Zoe Louise McKee has a charming little arts and crafts shop, where informal tea is served, on Churcli Street, which is extremely popular with the lovers of the beautiful, and in this quaint and tasteful little shop many dainty and exquisite specimens are found. ^ ^ ^i Fire Department. N ASHVILLE has one of the best-equipped tire de- partments in the South. Prior to 1860 the city depended on the work of volmiteer companies for fighting fires. In those days hand apparatus was used. The department has been growing steadily with the city's development, and as the skyscrapers have gone up in the heart of the city the demand for improved apparatus for fighting flames has been met. In 1909 $5,000 was allowed in the city budget for putting the Fire Department's alarm system wires under ground. The department has more than 80 miles of wires and there are 134 alarm boxes distributed through- out the city. There are 114 men constantly employed, with a force of ten substitutes, and 65 fine horses. There are 19,000 feet of hose in the department. 214 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE Cumberland Telephone Headquarters. mHIE General Offices ol' the Cumberland Telephone and Telegrajph Oompany are lO'Cated in Nashville, on Church Street, corner Third Avenue, where the -oompany occupies a handsome building. The oIHcers of the Board of Directors are: James E. Caldwell, Chairman ; President, W. T. Gentry, At- lanta ; ^'i(•e-Prpsi(^ellts'. W. W. Berry, Nashville; J. Ejjps Brown Atlanta, and J. M. B. Hoxsey, Atlanta; General Counsel. William L. (4ranl)ery, Xasliville : Treasur<'r. T. D. Webb, Nashville; Assistant Treasurers, Addison Maupin, Atlanta, and George R. Knox, Jr., Nasliville; Sec- retary, Addison Maupin, Atlanta; Assistant Secretary, S. Y. Caldwell, Nashville; General Manager, Leland Hume, Nashville; Auditor, C J. Holdtich, Atlanta; Assistant Auditor, K. Ward Smith, Nashville. . The company was organized in 1883. Its general offices and headquarters have always (been in Nashville. It started in a very small way, and in 1890 the Cum- berland Telejihone system consisted of thirteen isolated SpsM^Tv «^^^ 1 ^g ^ -3 ' -"MM H HH^fll 1 Pm H ^H^^^^^i.: ~%''t:'^H ^^8^9 1 l^w H HH^R^ — ^H 9^^ ii ^m H IhHk '^Mt L^^^H^k' 1 ^P' Hj Be IP 1 1 8. <.■ '■■I ...-.---'aBii 1 ImHhBHI ■r ' i: OLD PEABODY COLLEGE BUILDING, NOW PART OF VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY. MISCELLANEOUS 215 exchanges, without long-distance lines. At tliat time tlio entile system embraced about 3,000 telephones. In 1900 tlio number of exchanges increased to 149 and tlhe number of subscribers to 36,146. On February 1, 1911, the number of exchanges was 587 and the number of telephone sul)- sciiberp had grown to 202,278. The investment in plant is |29,274,129.66; the number of employes exceeds 6,000; the number oif square miles o: territory served is 175,768; the population of territory ■served is 8,523,000. The company owns forty-four build- ings in various cities where it operates. Its lines extend tlirou.uh the States of Kentu<*ky, Tennessee. ;Mississipi)i. Louisiana and tlie southern counties of Illinois and In- diana, and include the great cities of New Orleans, Lioiiis- ville, Memphis, Chattanooga, Knoxville and Nashville. The first experiuion-t witli a tele])lK)ne in Xasliville was made at noon on the first day of September, 1877, by Prof. Nipher, of St. Louis, and Prof. Lovewell, of Wisconsin. The experiment was made liy cdnnectin,!; the residences of iMrs. James K. Polk and iMrs. A. G. Adams, on Seventh Avenue (then Vine Street), with small instru- ments — one at each end of the line^ — conversation was carried on in a very feeble manner. It was entirely suc- cessful. The professors making- the experiment were in at- tendance on the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science, which was in twenty-sixth annual ses- sion at the Capitol. ^ ^ ^ The Telegraph in Nashville. T HE first telegi'aph line built into Nashville was in 1848, when the People's Telegraph Company com- pleted a line from Louisville to Nashville. Tlie first telegraphic dispatch received in Tennessee was in March. 1S4S, on Ilemy O'lleilly's line from Louis- ville, and ]Mr. OTteilly sent his compliments to the people of Tenne.ssee amon.tr the first dispatches. From Nashville the line was liuilt ti> Tnseumbia, Ala., Columbus and Jack- 216 -i^^J^ ABOUT NA.SJIVILLI'J son, Miss., aiKl tlieuce through Cliuton aud Batou Rouge, La., to New Orleans. The complete line was finished early in 1.S40. In 1847 the New Orleans & Ohio Telegraph Company was organized, to embrace the territory from fPittsburg to New Orleans. In July, 1850, the People's Telegiraplh line from Louis- ville to New Orleans was leased to James D. Read, one of the earliest pioneers in telegTaphy, for $13,500 per annum, ■ From 1850 to 1860 various minor telegrapn oompanies were formed in the South. These companies existed with varied fortune until January 6, 1860, when the Southwest- ern Telegraph Company was formed at Louisville, Ky. This company leased all of the wires passing through Nashville. The success of this company was instanta- neous, aud after a splendidly successful career it became extinct by a union with the American Teilegraph Company, the stockholders accepting for their property an issue of $1,000,000 worth of the American Company's stock. This was, not long- afterward, exchanged for $3,000,000 worth of stock of the Western Union Telegraph Company, with which fhe American Telegraph Company finally became fused. From 1861 to 1865 the telegraph lines in Tennessee were under the control of the military authorities. After the cessation of hostilities the Western Union again took charge of its property and has operated it up to the present time. In 1867 the facilities of the Nashville office were two commercial wires to Louisville, one to Chattanooga, one to Atlanta, one to Memphis via Decatur. Ala., and one via Clarksville, and these points were the limit of direct communication, all business for points beyond being suibjected to a relay. The tariff on a ten- word message to New York was $2.50, and other rates were in proportion. The Postal Telegraph-Cable Company opened its office in Nashville in the spring of 1891 — locating at 317 Union 'Street, MISCELLANEOUS 217 Nashville in the past few years having become such an important point in the telegraph field, it was found neces- sary to establish here the superintendent's offices of the Fourth District, Southern Division. This district com- prises the States of Tennessee and Kentuol-^y. 4* 4" 4- Street Car Facilities. I^~^ N street car facilities Nashville is not surpassed by any other city in the country. One of the features of the Nashville Railway — ^ system Is the transfer station. Every oar in the city passes through that station. This enables pas- sengers to transfer from one line to another at the station without additional fares and without the impleas- ant nei-essity of waiting on a street corner for connec- tions. The transfer station is located on the west side of the Public Square and double traclvs pass through the CITY HOSPITAL. 218 ^T^L ABOUT NASHVILLE south side of the station, and those from the north and east pass through the north side. This station is handsomely equipped for the convenience and comfort of the traveling public. The company also furnishes street corner trans- fers to those who may prefer not to pass through the trans- fer station at several points, Broadway and T'welfth Ave- nue, Broadway and Eighth Avenue, Church and Eighth Avenue, Church and Fourth Avenue, Felder and Charlotte, and First and Bridge Avenue. ^ ^ ^ Dr. Gerard Troost Dr. Gerard Troost, one of the most eminent geologists and scientists of his day, lived in Nashville for a number of years. In 1827 he was appointed Professor of Chemistry, Geology and (Mineralogy in the University of Nashville. He was elected State Geologist in 1831 and he was re- elected at each biennial session of the Legislature until that body abolished the office in 1849. His indefatigable services in this department laid the foundation of geologj' in the State of Tennessee. He gathered the finest geological and prehistoric collection ever in the St;itc. This wns siild t-y Lmiisvil];' for something like .$20,000, which was one-third of its value. A visit to the State Geological Office in the Capitol Annex will well repay the visitor. The mineral resources of the State can scarcely be appreciated without an in- spection of this collection of specimens, photographs, etc. This has .Lcrowii to 1)0 one of the most inii:.c.rt;int of the State departments of work. MISCELLANEOUS 219 Stahlman Building. The Stahlmau Building, Nasliville's liandsomest slvy- scraper, is an expression of one man's faith, in the future of Nashville, and is a maignificent monument to the untir- ing energy and business sagacity of Maj. E. B. Stalilman. The city lias no handsomer ornament, and it is one of which the citizens feel justly proud. It is twelve sto- ries high, with a basement, and is built of steel and concrete, marble and yellow brick. Tlie Grecian columns supporting it are forty feet high and the architecture is notable for its stateliness and dignified beauty. The ibuilding represents an expenditure of a million dollars, and contains 400 rooms. Nineteen hundred tons of steel ribs support the building, and some of the girders weigh 23,000 pounds each. The lower stories are finished in Bowling Green stone, as are the massive columns on the Third avenue entrance. The building is fireproof throughout and the halls are of Italian marble. 220 ^1^^^ ABOUT NABHYIUjE NEGROES. A iNY students of economic conditions must be sur- prised at the evidence of business development on the part of the negroes of Nashville. There stand at Nashville distinctly negro establisliments that not only sliow the remarkable activity of that people, but make Nashville the center of influence for more than two-thirds of the negro inhabitants of the counti-y. The National Baptist Publishing House and the A. M. E. Sunday School Union are not only the largest concerns of the kind managed by negroes, but are the centers, the headquarters for the religious and business interests of the Baptist and African Methodist Churches, which have a following of more than two-thirds of all the negro Christians. Here are located four distinct boards of the Baptist Church and four of the African Methodist Church. Th:i National Baptist Publishing Board is a mammoth con- cern, regarded in the commercial world, as a purely com- mercial est&h ishment. The Board does its business at 52i3 Second Avenue, North, and has under its control several large buildings, which it owns. It is in every sense of the word a publishing plant, taking the manu- script, editing and printing it, and turning it over to the sales department a finished article, all done by negro la- bor. To do this work the board has had to train men and women for the service, and to a large extent the National Baptist Publishing Board has furnished the schools of tech- nology and the large printing establishments with all the linotype operators, stereotypers and bookbinders they have been able to get. Its sales department is virtually a mail order house, sending its products to the negro Baptists througlidut tlLe eomitry and to its foreign work. The editorial department consists of an Editorial Sec- tary, his assistants and contributors. Its greatest work NEGROES 221 from the department is the National Baptist Sunday Sicliool Commentary, whicli has had a circulation of nearly 8,000 copies, and is the only Baptist Sunday School Com- mentary published in America. In the Bible, book an.l tract department a careful invoice shows a stock of be- tween $50,000 and $75,000. All that the National Baptist Publishing Board is to the Baptist Church among the negroes, the A. M. E. Sun- day School Union is to the African Methodist Episcopal Church. It likewise publishes its periodicals for the Sun day Schools, the Conference minutes, books. Bibles and tracts for the consumption of its members and for the use on its home and foreign mission fields. Mercy Hospital Mercy Hospital was established by Dr. Boyd ten years ago. Here young women of the negro race are in- structed in nurse training. The hospital is well equipped, being able to accommodate fifty patients at a time, with thirty-five or forty rooms and a nurses' home. Greenwood Cemetery Greenwood Cemetery is perhaps the finest cemetery for negroes in the United States. It is a model of beauty and artistic taste in all its appointments. The cemetery represents an outlay of $25,000 cash, and it paid for itself in six years. In the neighborhood around Fisk University, Hardee Street and the vicinity of Walden University and Meharry Medical College are found some of the best negro homes in the country. The secret orders among the negroes likewise hold some valuable property, chief of which is the Pythian Temple, purchased at a cost, of $10,000; the Odd 'Fellows' Hall, Fourth Avenue, $7,000, and the Masons' Old Folks' Home, Lebanon Road, worth $10,000. This property was purchased by the Tennessee negro Masons from Rev. Pres- ton Taylor and faces Greenwood Park. 222 ALL ABOUT NASHVILLE Greenwood Park Adjoining the Greenwood Cemetery is Greenwood PsLvk, a place for the pleasure of colored people only. The appointments are convenient, the spot ideal, and all the facilities usually employe;! in parks dw the pleasure and amusement of its patrons are to be found here. This is also a forty-acre plot of land, situated about four miles from the IPublic Square on the Lebanon Pike, and is the property of Preston Taylor. Walden University While Walden University has not been so uniquely advertised as Pisk, it ranks among the greatest institu- tions of its kind in this country. The University has thir- teen departments, employs seventy teachers and has 850 students, from three-fourths of the Northern States, from the West Indies, Canada, Mexico and other foreign coun- tries. At ;i linv esliuiate tlK' students (if this University VIEW OF RIVER FRONT. NEGROES 223 spend $150,000 in Nashville each year. This school has such departments -as literary, law, industrial, printing, medicine, and its most noted branch is Meharry, which , carries medical, dental and pharmaceutical schools. This school has •2(ir, mcdicnl stuavis 32 Belle Meade 36 James K. Polk 39 The Grave of Dickinson 41 Historical Society Museum 42 The Tennessee Centennial Exposition 44 Historic Markers of Nashville In Memory of Pioneers 48 To the Revolutionary Soldier 48 At the City Cemetery 48 The Old Nashville Inn 49 The Zollicoffer Home 49 In Memory of LaFayette's YMt 49 To William Strickland 51 Commemorating Battle of the Bluff's 51 Robertson's Home 51 Many Monuments 51 An Historic House (Thompson & Co.) 53 Public Bltildings The State Capitol 54 United States Customhouse 5(5 Davidson County Courthouse 57 226 INDEX PAGE The Parthenon 57 Young Men's Christian Association 59 State Headquarters 60 Young Women's Christian Association 60 Young Men's Hebrew Association 62 Tennessee Industrial School 62 The Old Woman's Home 82 Blind Girl's Home S3 Nashville Wesley House 83 Bertha Fenster\A'ald Settlement Ilonic 83 Max Bloomstein's Pharmacy 84 Little Sisters of the Poor 85 Day Homes 85 Florence Crittenden Home 86 St. Mary's Orphanage 86 INIonroe Harding Orphanage 86 Benevolent Organizations United Charities 87 Fresh Air Camp 87 Kings Daughters 88 Girls Charity Circle 89 Vanderbilt Aid Society 89 Council of Jewish Women 90 Swiss Relief Society 90 Hebrew Relief Society 91 Church Interests Presbyterian ( U. S. ) 92 Moore Memorial 93 Methodist Episcoi)al Church. South 93 Baptist 95 First Baptist Church 98 Inunanual Baptist Cliurch 99 Episcopal (Christ Churcli ) , 90 Church of the Advent 101 Cumberland Presl)yteriaii ( 'Ihum li 103 Presl)yterian Church V. S. .\ 104 Reformed Church 105 lAitheran Chui'* li 105 INIothodist Ei)i' co]»al Church 107 United Br.'thren 107 Christian Clnircli 107 Seventh Day Advcnlisls 108 INDEX 227 PAGE Pentecostal 109 Congregational 110 , Christian Science Cbnrch Ill Catholic Church Ill The New Cathedral 114 St. Mary's Cathe<^lral 114 Jewish Population 114 Salvation Army IIG Educational Interests Vanderbilt University 118 Peahody College for Teachers 120 Fisk University 123* Colleges for Women 125 Preparatory Schools 12G Normal Schools 12G Watkins Night School 128 John Hill Eakin Institute 128 Parochial Schools 129 Religious Schools 130 Battle Ground Academy 131 Public Schools 132 Colored Schools 133 Meharry Medical College 133 John A. Meadors ( Shoes) 13.5 Commercial Organizations Board of Trade 13G Commercial Club 136 Carr Tailoring Company 137 Retail Merchants' Transportation Association 138 Merchants' Transportation Association 138 Merchants' Transj^ortation Association of the Maini- facturer and Jobbers Department 139 Industrial Bureau 139 Traffic Bureau 139 Nashville-Made Goods Club 140 Nashville Builders' Exchange 140 Calvert Brothers (Photographers) 140 Bureau of Employment 141 City Beautiful Association 141 228 INDEX PAGE Real Estate Exchange 1-tl Travelers rroteetive Associat ion 141 Retail Shoe Dealers 142 Lnmhermau's Club 142 Breeders Association 142 Manufacturers Organized 143 Women's CiAins Centennial Club 144 Housekeeper's Club 144 Literary Clubs 144 Musical Clubs 148 Mrs. Mclntyre (Ilainlrcssing and Manicure) 148 Okganizations Tennessee Historical Society 149 Tennessee Woman's Historical Association 149 Daughters of 1812 150 Watauga Cumberland Settlor's Association 150 Daughters of American Kevolution 150 Daughters of Confederacy 152 Department of Libraries 153 Tennessee Library Association 153 The Old Oak Club 153 Southern Association of College Women 153 Mothers Congress 154 S(mth Carolina Society 154 Association for Preservation of Virginia Anti(iuities. 154 The (Jrand Army Repuldic 154 East Side Civic Club 155 South Nashville Federation 155 Nashville Equal Suffrage League 155 Nashville Art Association 156 Story Tellers League 156 School Improvement Association 157 Woman's Christian Temperance Union 157 Anti-Saloon League 159 Confederate Veterans 159 Nashville Anti-Tuberculosis League 159 Nashville Boy's Club 159 Social Clubs l-'iS INDEX 229 Fraternal Organizations page Masons 1(50 Order of Eastern Star 161 Royal Arch Masons KU Scottish Rite Masons 101 Odd Fellows IGl Knights of Pythias 163 Rod Men 104 Order of Elks ; 165 Royal Arcannin 166 The Patricians 106 National Union 166 Wiles, Commercial Pliotoynipher 167 Order of Golden Cross 16S Independent Order of B'Nai B'Ritli 168 Knights of Colnmbns 168 Knights of the Maccabees 160 Knights and Ladies of Honor KiO Independent Order of Foresters 169 Modern Woodmen of America 109 Woodmen of the World 169 Order of Eagles 160 Junior Order United American Mechanics 170 Sailors 170 Catholic Knights of America 170 Tennessee Fraternal Congress 170 Parks Centennial Park 171 Glendale Park 173 Shelby Park 173 Richland Park 173 Theaters 174 The State Fair 175 Bloomington Springs 1^75 Hospitals St. Thomas" Sanitarium 176 City Hospital 177 Shoffner Hospital 177 Adventists Sanitariums 178 Woman's Hospital 178 2-30 INDEX PAGE Socialists in Nashville 178 Mediclne and Surgery 179 Eclectic School 179 Homeopathy 180 Osteopathy 181 Nashville Academy of Medicine 183 State Board of Pharmacy 183 Practice of Dentistry 184 First Woman Dentist 184 Veterinary Examiners 18") Bench and Bar 185 SroRTs AND Athletics Footl)all 188 Baseball 189 Nashville Aero Club 190 Nashville Antomobile Club 190 Nashville Golf Club 191 Nashville Tennis Clnl) 191 Cumberland Boat CIul) 191 Water Supply 1 92 Cemeteries Mount Olivet - 193 Confederate Cemetery 193 Mount Calvary 194 Hebrew Cemetery 194 National Cemetery 194 Other Cemeteries 195 Natural Resources Iron Ore Beds 190 Growth of Phosphate Mining 197 Many Varieties of Marble 197 Great Lumber Industry 198 Area of Clay Deposits 199 Inexhaustible Building Stone 199 Pearl Shells in Abundance 201 Farming — A Garden Spot 201 INDEX 231 iKDUSTKIAL INTERESTS TAGE Poultry Suiimients Enonnous 202 Publishing Interests 203 Confederate Veteran 204 jNIiscellaneous The State Archives 200 The Classic Cmnberlinul 207 An Ideal Climate 208 Firestine, the Cleaner 209 Cumberland River Bridges 209 Nashville Writers 211 Music and Art 212 Fire Department 213 Cumberland Telephone Headquarters 214 The Telegraph in Nashville 215 Street Car Facilities 217 Dr. Gerard Troost 218 Stahlman F>uilding 219 Xecroes Mercy Hospital 221 Greenwood Cemetery 221 Greenv\-o(xl Park 222 Walden Universitv 222 APR » 1912 I AMERICA'S ^andsotticst Confectionery Parlor I NOT A BOAST— JUST FACTS I M.M.SKflLOW5KI.Prop NTRANCE TO PARLOR INTERIOR OP PARLOR. THIS DOESN'T SHOW OUR INDOOR GARDEN Creators of Perfection Candies PARTICULAR PLACE FOR PARTICULAR PEOPLE Our Offices and Store Are on the Nashville Terminal Tracks, Within a Stone's Throw of Union Station Our Location is Convenient to all Passenger Trains " I' CL Our friends and patrons are cor- dially invited to make our office their headquarters when visiting the city. We want you to inspect •our unsurpassed facilities for con- ducting an up-to-date hardware business. Exclusively Wholesale > C, vP :.^:^>/-'.^^.i5^:iX:---/c^-.\ y % -.^^- ^°-n^. V S' .^^ ^ ^^ -I A ^0^ ,^1 <. c" . .0' o » o " .0 ?.°-'^, v^ ^ _ V. "^ ^V^ °^ """O ^0