i8o2 THE 1902 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF WATERVILLE Kennebec County, Maine INCLUDING THE ORATION THE HISTORICAL ADDRESS AND THE POEM PRESENTED AT THE CELEBRATION OF THE CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY OF THE INCORPORATION OF THE TOWN June 23d, 1902 WITH ILLUSTRATIONS Rev. EDWIN CAREY WHJTTEMORE, Editor. ARTHUR J. ROBERTS, FRANKLIN W. JOHNSON, MRS. MARTHA BAKER DUNN, MRS. ESTELLE FOSTER E.^TON, HORATIO D. B.ATES, ASSOCIATE EDITORS. Published by tbe EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION WaterviUe, 1902. it-r ^■^^• PREFACE. To make a permanent record of the events of the centennial celebration, to trace the development of the town from its earliest settlement, and to give biographical sketches of some of its representative men is the purpose of this volume. To accomplish this within the limits of time and space allowed has been no easy task, and the book has grown to nearly twice the size that was planned and promised. Grateful recognition should be given to the generous labors of those who have contributed the several chapters of the book. Each writer is solely responsible for the statements made in his article. Credit is due to Rev. Asa L. Lane, who gathered from the town records and from the files of the Waterville Mail a large amount of valuable matter. Dr. Edward W. Hall has made the resources of the library of Colby College always available, and L. D. Carver, Esq., librarian of the State Library, has shown the editors many courtesies. The officials of the City of Waterville and the town officers of Winslow, have kindly allowed the use of all records and docu- ments which are on file in their respective offices. The thanks of the editors are due to Messrs. Joshua and Charles E. Cush- man of Winslow, for access to the papers of Rev. Joshua Cush- man ; to Miss Julia Stackpole for the use of the diaries of Capt. James Stackpole; to Wallace B. Smith for the papers of his grandfather, Abijah Smith ; to Mrs. W. P. Stewart for the account book and diary of Dr. John McKechnie ; and to Mrs. Frank Skinner for the use of the manuscript prepared by Rev. J. O. Skinner for a history of Waterville. The editors are grateful to the Executive Committee of the centennial celebra- tion for their constant encouragement and support, and to the printers, Messrs. Burleigh & Flynt, for many favors. Con- siderable material has been gathered which could not be used in this vohinie. This, and the many vahiable historical papers which are scattered among the homes of the city should be preserved in some safe place for the future historian of Water- ville, who, with ample leisure for research and verification, will write more adequately the history of our city. The more one comes to know of the history and life of Waterville, the more does he respect its past and have confidence in its future. The Editors. Waterville, Sept. 19, 1902. PREPARING FOR THE CENTENNIAL. By Frederick W. Clair, Esq., Secretary of the Committee of One Hundred and of the E.KCCutive Committee. At the close of a meeting of the Waterville Board of Trade in the spring of 1901 at which there had been discussion as to the advisability of celebrating the 4th of July, the suggestion was made, "Let it pass ; next year we must celebrate our centennial." Attention was called to the fact that the old city hall would be a poor place in which to celebrate and that the new hall consisted only of a cellar. However the idea took root in many minds not only of celebrating the centennial of the incorporation of Water- ville but of preparing to do it in a suitable manner. In Septem- ber, 1 901, at the suggestion of the president, Dr. Hill, the matter was brought formally before the Board of Trade in a petition signed and circulated by Hon. S. S. Brown and Frank Redington and bearing the names of a large number of influential citizens urging the Board of Trade to call a meeting for considering the matter of the proper observance of the centennial. In accord with this petition which was published in the Water- ville Mail and met with general approval. President Hill called a meeting of the citizens at city hall October 9, 1901. This meet- ing was not so largely attended as was expected. However there was a sufficient number to warrant the promoters of the celebration in proceeding to business. Hon. S. S. Brown called the meeting to order. F. C. Thayer, M. D., was elected chair- man of this meeting and F. W. Clair, Esq., secretary. It was voted that a committee of one hundred be elected, said committee to have charge of the centennial celebration. It was voted that the following named persons be members of the committee of one hundred. The Commiitce of One Hundred — Walter Getchell, *Simeon Keith, E. G. Meader, A. A. Plaisted, C. K. Mathews, Nathaniel Meader, James P. Hill, George E. Shores, Rev. S. K. Smith. 2 HISTORY OI-' WATERVILLE. Rev. G. D. B. Pepper, John Ware, S. S. Brown, C. H. Reding- ton, W. B. Arnold, Wallace B. Smith, Rev. N. Charland, Chris- tian Knauff, M. C. Foster, W. M. Lincoln, E. R. Drummond, S. I. Abbott, W. T. Haines, C. F. Johnson, Dr. C. L. White, Dr. C. W. Abbott, Rev. G. B. Nicholson, Rev. A. G. Pettengill, Dr. J. L. Fortier, A. J. Roberts, F. W. Johnson, Dr. E. L. Jones, E. T. Wyman, E. W. Hall, C. A. Leighton, Geo. F. Davies, Fred Pooler, A. S. Hall, G. K. Boutelle, Dr. A. Joly, H. C. Prince, George Overend, C. E. Matthews, L. H. Soper, G. W. Dorr, H. R. Dunham, Mark Gallert, F. J. Goodridge, Horace Purinton, Robert L. Proctor, H. E. Judkins, Homer C. Proctor, E. C. Wardwell, Jules GamachcH. R. Mitchell, S. L. Berry, F. K. ShaM', H. D. Eaton, Arthur Alden, I. S. Bangs, H. L. Emery, W. A. R. Boothby, A. W. Flood, J. F. Percival, H. D. Bates, Hascall S. Hall, Ernest E. Decker. Dr. J. F. Hill, W. C. Phil- brook, Frank Redington, Rev. E. L. Marsh, G. Fred Terry, P. S. Heald, C. W. Davis, W. H. K. Abbott, R. W. Dunn, Martin Blaisdell, Gedeon Richer, Rev. A. A. Lewis, Rev. E. C. Whitte- more, Patrick McLaughlin, F. E. Boston, W. M. Dunn, L. G. Salisbury, Frank B. Philbrick, John N. Webber, George Ballen- tine, C. J. Clukey, John E. Nelson, A. B. Reny, Leslie P. Loud, Arthur Darviau, Marshall Peavy, Frank E. Brown, Edward Ware, Colby Getchell, F. D. Lunt, Horace Toward. *Deceased. This first meeting had the desired result. The celebration was the general topic of conversation among the people of the city, and it was seen at that early date that the celebration would be a success. The city hall was to have its e.xterior walls finished and the roof placed by the first day of January, 1902. It was thei intention of the city government of 1901-02 to do no more work upon the building. At the first mass meetino- a motion was made and carried "that it is the sense of this meeting that the work on the new city building be prosecuted so that it may be finished and dedicated at the time of the celebration." October 18, 1901, the committee of one hundred met at the Ware parlors, called in accordance with the vote of the mass meeting. The meeting was called to order by F. W. Clair, secretary of the meeting. F. C. Thayer, M. D., was elected chairman of the committee of one hundred. F. W. Clair was elected secretarv, and F. A. KnaufT was elected treasurer. A HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 3 committee of eleven was selected by the chair to report a date thought most advisable for the celebration and to give, as early as possible, an outline for the program for the celebration. This committee was to report at a meeting to be called by the chair- man of the committee of one hundred, the chairman and clerk of the committee of one hundred to be ex-officio members of said committee. The chair appointed S. S. Brown, W. M. Dunn, W. T. Haines, E. R. Drummond, E. L. Jones, J. F. Hill, H. E. Judkins, Gedeon Picher, and E. T. Wyman. This meeting adjourned to the following Wednesday at 7.30 P. M. On Octo- ber 23d, the date to which the last meeting adjourned, the com- mittee met at the Ware parlors. The report of the committee of eleven was made by the secretary and was as follows : "To the Committee of One Hundred: Your committee has attended to the duty assigned them, and beg leave to make the following report : It has decided that the centennial celebration should take place on the twenty-second, twenty-third, and twenty-fourth days of June, A. D. 1902. It has decided upon these dates, because it has come to the con- clusion, after an examination of the records, that the incorpora- tion and birth of the town of Waterville took place on the twenty- third day of June, A. D. 1802. It decided that the twenty-second, falling on Sunday, should be given over to the churches, to have such exercises as they deem best. It decided to report the fol- lowing program. Monday, the twenty-third, dedication exer- cises of the new city building, in the forenoon. Anniversary exer- cises of the incorporation of the town, in the afternoon, at the park. Reception tendered to the past and present residents of the city, at City Hall, in the evening. Tuesday, the twenty- fourth, forenoon, parade ; evening, illumination. Your com- cornmittee decided to report the following sub-committees as necessary. Executive, Finance, Literary, Invitation, Advertising and printing. Transportation and military, Horses, carriages and equipments. Badges and emblems, Trades display, Decoration, Fire department, Illumination, Reception, Entertainment, Schools, Churches, Music, and Sports. The report was accepted and it was voted to adopt the report. A committee on sub-committees had been appointed and made the following report. HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. SPECIAL COMMITTEES. Invitation Committee — E. R. Drummond, A. A. Plaisted, Walter Getchell, VV. B. Arnold, Mrs. J. H. Hanson, Mrs. N. G. H. Pulsifer, Mrs. S. S. Brown. Church Committee — Rev. E. L. Marsh, Dr. Charles L. White, Rev. N. Charland, Dr. G. D. B. Pepper, Rev. A. A. Lewis, Rev. G. B. Nicholson, Rev. A. G. Pettengill. Entertainment Committee — S. S. Brown, P. S. Heald, Fred Pooler, Frank Walker, T. E. Ransted, Mrs. C. A. Flood, Mrs. W. B. Arnold, Mrs. F. C. Thayer, Mrs. George K. Boutelle. Literary Committee — Rev. E. C. Whittemore, A. J. Roberts, H. D. Bates, F. W. Johnson, Mrs. R. W. Dunn, Mrs. H. D. Eaton. Decoration Committee — Frank Redington, Hascall S. Hall, Daniel Berry, S. S. Lighthody, D. M. Bangs, Mrs. C. F. Johnson, Mrs. H. E. Judkins, Mrs. Geo. West, Miss Eva Getchell. finance Committee — W. T. Haines, F. A. Knauff, C. F. John- son, W. H. K Abbott, Cyrus W. Davis, Martin Blaisdell, Gedeon Richer. School Committtec — E. T. Wyman, John E. Nelson, Horace Purinton, D. S. Wheeler, J. W. Black, Sara Lang, Fannie Angle. Transportation and Military Committee — R. W. Dunn, Edward Ware, R. L. Proctor, W. F. Bodge, A. B. Reny. John H. Gould. Horses, Carriages and Equipment Committee — B. P. Wells, E. E. Decker, F. E. Brown, G. E. Barrows, Frank Paul. Committee on Reception — The Mayor and Mrs. Blaisdell, Dr. and Mrs. F. C. Thayer, Mr. and Mrs. W. B. Arnold, Miss Grace E. Matthews, Rev. and Mrs. E. L. Marsh, P. S. Heald, Mrs. J. H. Grondin, Pres. and Mrs. C. L. White, W. A. R. Boothby, Mrs. Ann AL Pulsifer, Mr. and Mrs. \. W. Flood, Rev. N. Charland. Trades Display Committee — E. C. Wardwell, L. H. Soper, George Overend, G. W. Dorr, J. F. Elden, S. E. Whitcomb, H. R. Dunham. W. C. Hawker, O. G. Springfield. E. D. Noyes, Harry Haskell. Parade Committee— W. C. Philbrook, W. E. Reid, Dr. A. Joly, Dana P. Foster, Dr. L. G. Bunker, L. G. Salisbury, G. S. Dolloff. HISTORY OF VVATERVILLE. 5 Fireworks and Illumination Committee — H. E. Judkins, Frank Chase, F. J. Arnold, VV. A. Hager, F. J. Goodridge, W. H. Savage. Advertising and Printing Committee — Dr. J. F. Hill, C. E. Matthews, J. H. Welch, C. A. Redington, J. N. Webber. Badges and Emblems Committee — Dr. E. L. Jones, F. B. Hubbard, F. W. Noble, Daisy Plaisted, Mrs. W. M. Dunn, Annie Dorr, Emma F. Lovering. I'ire Department Committee — George F. Davies, George L. Learned, W. H. Rancourt, Calvin C. Dow, C. E. Bushey. Music Committee — VV. M. Dunn, Llewellyn B. Cain, Prof. C. B. Stetson, Charles Wentworth, Mrs. F. W. Johnson, Mrs. George F. Davies, Mrs. A. W. Flood. Committee on Sports and Athletics — Dr. C. W. Abbott, H. L. Simpson, John DeOrsay, Leslie P. Loud, H. B. Snell, Charles Walsh, S. F. Brann. The executive committee consisted of the chairman of the committee of one hundred, the secretary and treasurer, and the respective chairmen of the sub-committees, as follows : EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Dr. Frederick C. Thayer, President ; F. W. Clair, Esq., Clerk ; F. A. Knauff, Treasurer; The Mayor, W. T. Haines, W. C. Philbrook, S. S. Brown, Frank Redington, Dr. E. L. Jones, G. F. Davies, Rev. E. C. Whittemore, B. P. Wells, H. E. Judkins, Rev. E. L. Marsh, Dr. C. W. Abbott, F. A. Knauff. Dr. J. F. Hill, W. M. Dunn, E. R. Drummond, E. C. Wardwell, E. T. Wyman, R. W. Dunn. The committee on invitation was instructed to invite the gov- ernor and staff to be the guests of the city. Rev. E. C. Whittemore made a report for the literary com- mittee, in which they recommended a history of the town, a poem, and an oration, as the literary program for the celebration. They recommended that the history be published in book form. The committee were given full power to act as they thought advisable. The finance committee was instructed to raise the sum of five thousand dollars for the payment of the expenses of the centennial. 6 HISTORY OF WATERVILI.E. It was voted that the literary committee be given full power to have written and published a book containing a history of the town and city. It was voted to construct a centennial arch, and that power be given to the illuminating and decorating commit- tee to build the same, after conference with the next city gov- ernment. Attention was called to the fact that the dates of the centennial celebration and the commencement of Colby College were the same, and in order to avoid having the exercises of both come at the same time, a committee was appointed, consisting of Dr. F. C. Thayer, Rev. E. C. Wiittemore, and S. S. Brown, whose duties were to confer with the authorities of the college for the puqjose of arranging hours and dates to avoid conflict. This committee attended to its duty, and the authorities of the college very graciously decided to postpone the commencement exercises until \\'ednesday, the 25th. At the meeting on April 4, IQ02. it was voted that the regular meetings of the committee be held on Friday evening of each week. Invitations were extended to the towns of \^"inslow and Oak- land to send official representatives to be the guests of the city. Right Reverends Robert Codman and W. H. O'Connell were also invited. June 2d, Rev. E. C. \\'hittemore reported that Hon. J- Man- chester Haynes, who had been engaged to deliver the centennial oration, on account of poor health would not be able to keep the engagement and that the committee had secured as orator, Hon. Warren C. Philbrook of this city. Dr. Frederick C. Thayer was elected marshal of the parade. A special committee was appointed consisting of Dr. Thayer. Dr. Hill and Rev. E. C. W'hittemore. and this committee was directed to prepare and publish an official program of the centennial celebration. From the beginning the committees had worked with great vigor, careful attention to detail and in the utmost harmony. No unpleasant incident occurred in the committees and none occurred in the celebration. The citizens showed their sympathy by hearty co-operation : it was notably an affair of the whole city, there was no such thing as class, party, faction or favoritism in the matter. Mayor Blaisdell heartily recommended in his inau- gural address a liberal appropriation and the sum of two thousand live hundred dollars was voted bv the citv government. The HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 7 citizens and the corporations responded cheerfully and liberally to the calls of the finance committee, so that the bills of the centen- nial are all provided for. Dr. F. H. Getchell of Philadelphia sent an unsolicited contribution of twenty-five dollars to the committee. Mayor Blaisdell and the contractors used utmost endeavors to have the new citv hall in readiness. The city was ready when the day came for the opening of its doors to its great "at home," but it had meant a vast amount of careful, hard and persistent work. At all of the meetings of thecommittee great interest was mani- fested by the members. The committee did not adjourn at any time for want of a quorum and at almost every meeting of the committee nearly every member was present. The sub-com- mittees attended to the duties assigned them and worked with energy for the success of the celebration. They made frequent reports to the executive committee. The executive committee, at no time found any fault, but on the contrary, have nothing but praise for the sub-committees. The chairman of the com- mittee attended all the meetings and his enthusiasm and labors were unbounded. The authorities of Colby College co-operated with good will, postponing their exercises, and lending the committee the use of their athletic field. Members of the faculty, who were upon the sub-committees, faithfully performed their duties. The thanks of the citizens are due to the authorities and faculty of Colby College. CHAPTER 1. THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. By William Abbott Smith, A. M. The celebration of the city's centennial occupied three days, Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday, June 22-24, 1902. By way of preparation for this event the citizens seem to have vied with each other in the taste and elegance of the decorations with which their homes and places of business were adorned. Spec- ially noticeable were the stores and offices on Main street, the buildings themselves being scarcely visible for the profusion of red, white, and blue with which they were hung, yet every part of the city announced its loyalty and appreciation of the events which were transpiring by donning more or less extensively a holiday attire. The public buildings were tastefully decorated, and prominent among the decorative features was the arch which spanned the square near the Elmwood Hotel. This was so sit- uated as to show to advantage from Main street. Elm street, and College avenue. On the north side of this arch over the center was painted the city seal, on the right of which was a painting of Fort Halifax, and on the left one of Ticonic falls. The south side of the arch was tastefully decorated with flags and bunting, while over four hundred electric lamps provided a brilliant illumination of the whole. Along the principal streets at short intervals banners and flags were hung, and everywhere the city gave evidence that it was conscious of having reached a milestone in its history, the pass- ing of which was a signal for a brief holiday, in which it might look back upon the hundred years just passed with excusable pride and self-congratulation, and to the future with renewed hope and confidence. i?K HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 9 Several days before the time appointed for the celebration to begin, there was published and put into circulation "The Official Programme." This contained a complete list of the executive committee, the committee of One Hundred, and of all special committees appointed to further the interests of the celebration. These were followed by several pages of interesting facts relat- ing to the city's history and present activities. Facilities for entertainment during the celebration were carefully enumerated, and finally, the complete programme of the centennial celebra- tion was given. The pamphlet also contained half-tone cuts of the new City Hall, several of the churches, schoolhouses. Alumni Chemical Building of Colby College, etc. But the final preparations for the festivities of the celebration were indeed the most fitting of all. These consisted of the ser- vices held in each of the churches on the morning of Sunday, June 22nd. The capacity of each house of worship was tested to its utmost, so that a large proportion of the citizens and visitors were enabled to join in appropriate services at the churches of their choice. The pastors ordered their services and adapted their discourses with special reference to the city's cen- tennial. At the Baptist church the centennial celebration gave place to the baccalaureate sermon before the graduation classes of Colby College by President White. Sunday evening at City Hall occurred the first of the exercises under the auspices of the centennial committee. For this service the following programme was arranged : RELIGIOUS MASS MEETING SUNDAY EVENING. Religious Mass Meeting, City Hall, 7.30 P. M. Rev. Edward Lester Marsh, presiding. Music by Hall's orchestra. Prof. R. B. Hall, conductor ; the Cecilia Club, 80 voices ; Prof. C. B. Stetson, president ; Dr. Latham True, conductor ; Mrs. Franklin W. Johnson, pianist. Order. Overture, selected. Hall's Orchestra Invocation, Rev. Arthur G. Pettengill lO HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Hallelujah Chorus, Handel Cecilia Club. ScriiTture Lesson, Rev. Albert A. Lewis "Jndge Me, O God," Dudley Buck Mr. Llewellyn B. Cain. Prayer, Rev. George Bruce Nicholson "The Lord is my Light,'' Allistein Miss Eva M. Goodrich. Sermon, Rev. William H. P. Faunce, D. D., President of Brown University. Selection from Ninety-fifth Psalm. Mendelssohn Cecilia Club. Prayer, Rev. Charles L- White President of Colby College. Hymn, Kipling's Recessional Benediction, Rev. J. F. Rhodes It will always be a source of pleasure and satisfaction to the citizens of Waterville to recall this first gathering in the city's new hall. In every way the opera house demonstrated its ability to satisfy the fondest hopes of its builders, and to fulfill its promise of furnishing the city with a commodious, useful and beautiful room for public gatherings. On this occasion it was artistically decorated with ferns and palms, with flowers in abundance. But one regret obtruded itself upon the observer, and that was that hundreds, perhaps thousands of people were unable to find even standing room within hearing of the speakers. This fact, however, instead of furnishing a ground for criticism of the capacity of the audience room, was only a true prophecy of the interest and enthusiasm with which the inhabitants and friends of the city were to enter into the celebration of its one hundredth birthday. The doors were opened at 6.45 to holders of tickets which had been distributed through the pastors of the churches : and when, at 7.20 the hall was thrown open to the public, comparatively few of the multitude which stood waiting could find accommodation. As the evening advanced it became evident that every partici- pant in the programme had made preparation with full appre- ciation of the signficance of the occasion. Prof. Hall never fails to master his audiences, especially when his local orchestra HISTORY OF WATHRVILLE. II is augmented by artists from the ]\Taine Symphony. INIr. Cain and Miss Goodrich are always favorites with Waterville audi- ences, and at this time amply justitied the artistic taste of their many admirers. The Cecilia Club showed the result of the con- scientious and thorough work of Dr. True. The selection from the 95th psalm in which the aria was sung by Miss Kate Sturte- vant was enjoyed. Specially impressive, however, was the rendition of Kipling's "Recessional," in which the audience joined, and which was certainly no less appropriate on this occa- sion than at the Queen's Jubilee for which it was first designed. The sermon by President Faunce was a masterpiece. To do it justice in a brief report is an impossibility. Indeed it is only when every word is emphasized by the strong personality and powerful magnetism of the speaker himself that any true impres- sion of the sermon can be obtained. The following abstract appeared in the A\'aterville Mail and The Sentinel, and will give as well perhaps as can be given the preacher's general line of thought. Subject — The State. The School and the Church. The century which has elapsed since the founding of Water- ville has been justly called the "wonderful century." Men have discovered more facts, and invented more mechanisms in the last 100 years than in all preceding history. But the greatness of our apparatus ought to mean greatness of intellect and character. The difference between the old hand loom and the modern loom is enormous; is the difference ar great between the man who stood behind the former and the man who stands behind the lat- ter? What is the use of the incandescent light if it does not enable the citizen to see his duty? What is the advantage of travelling at 60 miles an hour if we are as discontented at the end of the journey as at the beginning? The aim of our civilization is not to whiten the seas with the sails of commerce, but to develop the simple, homely virtues which are the chief defense of our nation, the best safeguards of the fireside and the home. We owe to the state our freedom to speak and to act. It is said that our New England fathers were narrow. Yes they were, as Niagara is narrow when it gathers up the waters of the Great Lakes in smooth, green flood, and pours them through one narrow channel with the power of eight million horses plunging 12 HISTORY OF VVATERVILLE. toward the sea. They that Hve dehcately are in kind's houses, but the founders of state are of sterner stuff. We, the sons of the Puritan, must develop a new sense of civic pride and municipal duty. Americans have succeeded nobly in founding states, but they have not yet learned to govern cities. Wc shall never learn to govern them until we establish non- partisanship in municipal affairs. The provision of parks, libra- ries, pure water, good light, has no relation whatever to national policies. These are business matters to be decided on business principles by men eager to serve their city. The enemies of the fathers were the Indians ; ours are the spoilsmen. Their devil was painted red with horns and hoofs : ours is the sleek modern gentleman with the IVIephistophelian smile. The schools of this country are the chief bond of national unity. They are the digestive apparatus of the body politic. It is a common language, a common social ideal a common love of order and liberty, a common political tradition that makes the common school. The army of 16,000,000 children in our public schools is the best defense of the nation. Our higher schools and colleges have contributed much to the national seriousness. In the records of the oldest church in Rhode Island we read : "This meeting house was built for the worship of God and to hold Commencements in." Yale began with 40 books contributed by ten men. Colgate began with an endowment of $13 contributed by 13 ministers in a village inn. Colby College was founded by men of the same spirit as Judson and Livingstone. The profession in those early days belonged to the noble army of martyrs. Our colleges have given America much of its seriousness of purpose and lofty ideal. State and school and church must combine in the making of men. We are to perpetuate the Puritan type not by mere imi- tation, but by reproducing the Puritan spirit. We are weary of conventionalized religion — of millinery and formulas and heresies. But our age is eager for the religion which can make men who shall be sturdy citizens, true scholars and servants of their generation. Monday, June ^jd, was the city's birthday, and its age was announced at sun-rise by a salute fired from a neighboring hill ; one gun for each year of the city's life. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. I3 In the forenoon occurred the dedication of the new City Hall. Certainly Waterville could hardly have selected for herself a more fitting birthday gift than this fair and convenient home for her officials and this comfortable and inspiring meeting place for her citizens. If the expressions of satisfaction which came from the vast throng that visited every corner of the new build- ing on this dedication day is evidence of the opinion of the gen- eral public, certainly the efforts of the promoters and builders of our city's new hall are not without due appreciation on the part of Waterville's citizens. Everywhere there was manifest a sense of pleasure and satisfaction that the work was done, and done so well. At 10 o'clock occurred the dedicatory exercises in the Opera House, with the programme as follows : Dedication of Nezv City Hall. Mr. Frank Redington, Presiding. Music Hall's Orchestra Prof. R. B. Hall, Conductor. Music, The Cecilia Club Prayer, Rev. Albert A. Lewis Music, Children of the Public Schools Miss Lillian Berry, Director. Address, Hon. S. S. Brown Solo, Mrs. Antonia H. Sawyer Address, Frederick W. Clair, Esq. Music. The Cecilia Club Presentation of the keys of City Hall, Mr. Horace Purinton. Acceptance of the keys, His Honor, Mayor Martin Blaisdell Solo, Mr. Llewellyn B. Cain Address, Ex-Mayor Hon. Chas. F. Johnson Music, Halls' Orchestra Here again, as on Sunday evening, all gave evidence of the wisdom of those who were entrusted with the duty of furnishing an appropriate programme for this interesting occasion. Mrs. Sawyer is always heard with pleasure in Waterville as elsewhere, and it was specially fitting that one of Waterville's former residents who has gained a national reputation as an 14 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. artist of unusual aliility should be heard on this occasion at her old home. Also the efficient work of Miss Lillian Berry as director of music in the public schools was shown to excellent advantage by the really artistic rendering of the "Soldier's Chorus" from Gounod's "Faust." by fifty children from the eighth and ninth grades. The speakers were all at their best, as might have been learned by one far beyond the sound of their voices by the frequent and prolonged applause which greeted and often interrupted them, and never failed to stamp the approval of the listeners at the close of each address. Probably no man in W'aterville has been more industrious and inlluential in arousing the citizens to the need and advantages of a new City Hall than Mr. Frank Redington, ex-president of the Waterville Board of Trade, and every one recognized the appropriateness of the selection of him as presiding officer at the dedication of the building which he had labored so faithfully to procure. Mr. Redingto>i''s Address. Mr. Mayor, Gentlemen of the city council. Ladies and Gen- tlemen : I assure you it is with a profound sense of honor that I assume the position of presiding officer at this first secular gathering of our citizens within the walls of this splendid edi- fice, and I thank the official board for tendering me this great favor. My great grandfather who was a soldier in the war of the Revolution, after peace was declared, came to Winslow, and cast in his lot with the people of this vicinity. Afterward he settled on this side of the river in what is now the city of Water- ville, and in co-operation with others built the first dam across the Kennebec river at this point more than one hundred years ago. Ever since then some of the Redington family have been residents of Waterville, and you may readily see that the history of our city is one in which I have much interest. One hundred years ago Waterville had a citizenship of about eight hundred souls, and as we come along down the stream of time we find an almost continuous growth with a lull now and then which only emphasized the growth. About 1870 it seemed that we were sinking into a state called by Grover Cleveland "Inocuous desuetude," but rescue was at hand and the Lockwood HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 15 Cotton Mill started the bail to rolling in the right direction. Since then our progress has been steady and wholesome. Nearly all of you are familiar with our recent history, and I will only say that we have reached our present size of 10,000 in good season to celebrate our looth anniversary. This building which we dedicate today is a structure of which we may well be proud. Its career began more than seven years ago, when was first conceived the idea of a municipal building, suitable and commensurate with our needs. It has had a check- ered life, and at times it seemed as if it were drawing its last breath, but a renewed effort on the part of its friends brought it into activity once again, and we now rejoice that we have a suitable home for our city officials, a hall large enough, hand- some enough, and properly constructed and equipped for all public gatherings. Here we may laugh, and here we may cry. Here we may listen to the voice of oratory and the charms of oratorio. Here thousands may be swayed by the power of elo- quence, and questions of great moment be considered, debated and determined. This structure is stately and beautiful and accords well with the sentiment expressed by Polonius in his precepts to Laertes "Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy, rich not gaudy, for the apparel oft proclaims the man," and so it is with cities as with individuals. It has been said that the world will make a path- way to his cabin door who does his work the best, even though his home be in the wilderness, and people will surely find us if we find ourselves. I am undecided whether to place the church or the school first in the order of great benefits to a town or city. Certainly religion without learning is but a series of superstitions but the two com- bined are perhaps co-equal in their great results. Next in order, so far as the past is concerned, I would put the old town meeting house, wherein the people gathered to discuss matters of common interest, and settle questions of municipal needs ; and in this building we have the convention hall, the old town house remodelled, enlarged, beautified, adorned, and ful- filled. Some of you are perhaps thinking of the entertainment element which is introduced, for the human mind is so con- structed that it needs entertainment as much as the body needs l6 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. nourishment. Its desires and demands are God given, and the man who thinks to suppress them will find himself ever on the wrong side. In the municipal action which has built this hall we are on the right road and our future progress depends upon ourselves. If we in fancy should attempt to reach the source of all knowledge and prosperity and should ask of the Goddess of Knowledge the keys to her treasure house that we might learn its secret, she would point back to earth and with a smile would utter the one word "Work." Work with the hands, and work with the brain ; this it is that brings results. But I am not here to speak to you. I am here to introduce speakers. The first man whom I shall call upon is the Hon. Simon S. Brown of the Waterville Bar. Mr. Brown's address was largely of congratulation. In very appropriate words he congratulated the city on its solid pros- perity. He paid a fitting tribute to Mayor Blaisdell for his arduous and valuable labors in connection with the erection of City Hall and to the builders, Horace Purinton and Co., for the thoroughness as well as the beauty of the building. He referred with feeling to the old City Hall and to the men who had spoken there in the past. Because of what the old hall had been in the life of the town he thought that it should have been appropri- ately decorated for the Centennial. Its own centennial might have been observed several years ago. After singing by Mrs. Antonia H. Sawyer, which was greatly enjoyed and greatly applauded, Frederick W. Clair, Esq., was introduced. His address v^-as fittingly historical. He sketched the somewhat checkered history of the City Hall movement in a delightfully humorous fashion. In an able and suggestive man- ner he spoke of the true policy of the progressive city. In presenting the keys of the building to Mayor Blaisdell, Mr. Horace Purinton, of the firm of Horace Purinton and Co., the builders, spoke as follows : Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen : On an occasion like this very little need be said by the builder of the building. What we say here today will soon be forgotten but what has been done here will abide and will be speaking long after we are gone. On the 12th day of last July contracts were HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. ^^ signed for the erection of this building. At that time the most of the material entering into the construction of this building was in its natural state. The stone for the trimmings was in the quarries of northern New York and Michigan. The material for the terra cotta was then in the clay banks of New Jersey. The material for the brick was in its natural state in the clay banks within our borders. The lumber for the finish was at the mills in Indiana and Georgia in the rough, the lumber for the frame being in the log on its way to the mill on our beautiful Kennebec river. It is worthy of note at this time that the facilities are such in this our day to biing the material from so great a distance, have it worked into form and put together in less than a year's time. Hon. S. S. Brown, who has spoken this morning, has very kindly spoken of our part in the construction of this building. In behalf of the members of our firm I thank him but not all the credit belongs to us. The architect and building committees have planned and directed wisely, and other contractors have done work here and deserve credit with ourselves. And there are others who deserve great honor and credit who are sometimes overlooked on occasions like this. I refer to the skilled mechanics and workmen who have taken the raw material, molded, and built it into this structure, and whose skill and workmanship will be a joy and beauty to us and generations fol- lowing. I want to express here mv appreciation of this skill and faith- fulness with which these men have wrought, many of them our own fellow citizens. Mr. Mayor, chairman of the building committee, I thank you and the gentlem.en associated with you for the courtesy and patience with which you have treated us during the construction of this building. It only remains now for me to pass to you the keys and give the building for the use and pleasure of the people of our beloved city. In accepting the keys Mayor Blaisdell spoke briefly of the sig- nificence of the event, and in behalf of the building committee and the City Government expressed appreciation of the faithful and honest work done by the builders, making special mention l8 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. of the foreman, Mr. Frank Merriman. He included in his appre- ciation the mechanics and laborers who had been employed upon the building. A noticeable thing in the addresses of Mr. Purinton and Mayor Blaisdell was their kindly appreciation of the work of others. The final address of the morning was given by Hon. Charles F. Johnson, ex-mayor of the city. The Centennial element of the celebration, the connection of the past with the present, the memory of those whom we revere and the pathos as well as the gladness of the home-coming of the old residents, all these found place in an address which was not only eloquent but in perfect accord with the spirit of the occasion. A pleasant feature, unannounced on the programme, was the arrival during the exercises of Governor and Mrs. Hill attended by several of the Governor's staflf and members of his Council. Hon. Wm. T. Haines of the Council did the honors of the occasion and entertained the Governor and his party during their stay in the city. MONDAY AFTERNOON. On Monday afternoon the literary exercises of the Centennial were held at Monument Park. It is doubtful if so many people were ever gathered into an audience within the limits of the city as on this afternoon. The expectations of those who had arranged for the accommodation and comfort of a large audience by an open-air meeting were not disappointed. A large platform had been erected against the north side of the Coburn Institute building. Here were seated the Governor and party, the executive committee of the Centennial, members of the city government and visitors. Among the sons of Water- ville who were theie were Hon. Frederic E. Boothby, mayor of Portland; Hon. J. Manchester Haynes of Augusta; Hon. Josiah H. Drummond of Portland : Prof. William Mathews, L. L. D., of Boston, and many others. The descendants of many of the early residents of the town Vv-ere present and their presence added greatly to the enjoyment of the occasion. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 19 The programme was as follows : Dr. Frederick C. Thayer, Presiding. Music, Hall's Military Band Prof. R. B. I-Iall, leader. Greeting, His Honor, Maitin Blaisdell, Mayor of Waterville Prayer, Rev. Geo. D. B. Pepper, D. D., LL. D., Lately President of Colby College. Welcome by chairman of Centennial Committee of One Hundred, Dr. Frederick C. Thayer. Music. Response, His Excellency, Gov. John F. Hill Historical Address, Rev. Edwin Carey Whittemore Music. Poem, j\Irs. Julian D. Taylor Read by Prof. Arthur J. Roberts of Colby College. Oration, Hon. W. C. Philbrook Lately Mayor of Waterville. Music, Hall's Military Band Dr. Thayer's Address. Waterville has rounded out the first century of its existence as a distinct municipality and today its sons and daughters, neighbors and friends celebrate this supreme event. In behalf of the committee of One Hundred, who have had in charge all matters pertaining to this celebration, the very pleasant duty devolves upon me to welcome you, everyone, to the fes- tivities of this significant occasion. From the east, from the west, from the north, from the south, you have come back to the place of your birth to lay your tribute of loyalty and afifection at its shrine, to rejoice in its prosperity and the fulfillment of its first century of corporate existence, and to you especially do we extend a most cordial welcome. Our one hundred years stand for more in the way of achieve- ment than all the previous centuries within historic times. The most cursory glance at its history reveals this truth, and shows how its great inventions and their adaptation to the needs of man have marked new epochs in the development of the human race. Human life as it now e.xists in this country woidd be well nigh impossible without our present means of transit and transporta- 20 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. tion, without the rapid interchange of thought and opinion, and the quick knowledge of current events transpiring daily within its vast domain. The comforts of Hfe have been vastly enhanced by the adop- tion and use of a thousand things now called common, all the gift of the nineteenth century. Science, art, letters, indeed, every phase of human development and attainment are greatly in advance, yes, immeasurably so, of the time when our forefathers laid the foundation upon which we have builded. While we may not be able to boast that from our midst have gone forth any of the great minds which have moved the world, or that we have given to mankind any wonderful invention, or great idea which has changed the trend of thought or action, yet we may well pride ourselves that we have contributed our share to the great store of general knowledge, the sum of which has been so potent in the advancement of the world, in the better- ment of the human race. Again I extend to you our most cordial greetings and welcome you to our hearts and our hearthstones. To His Excellency, the Chief Magistrate of this good old Commonwealth, who for the time has laid aside the cares of state and honored us with his presence, do we extend the cordial warm hand of welcome. To the sons and daughters of Watcrville, who by their success and eminence in the homes of their adoption, have brought special honor to the place of their birth, in short to all as to those who have wrought well their part, do we give glad welcome to the home of their childhood, the home of their fathers. We are glad to welcome also the representatives of so many of the cities and towns of our goodly State of Maine and to respond to the good will which has brought them to celebrate with us the cen- tennial of Waterville. The response to the above address, given by His Excellency, Governor Hill, was an eloquent appreciation of what Waterville stands for in the Commonwealth, and of congratulation on her progress and prospects. The presence of Governor and Mrs. Hill and their evident sympathy with the spirit of the occasion was highly appreciated by both citizens and visitors. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE;. 21 The History, Poem, and Oration are to be found elsewhere in this volume and speak for themselves. No feature of the cen- tennial however will be of such lasting value and interest to all inhabitants of Waterville as the History which has been pre- pared by Rev. Edwin C. Whittemore, a portion of which was read by him at the Park. It was the universal testimony of his hearers that a work of unusual excellence and value had been accomplished, which the city both now and in future generations will not fail to appreciate. All parts of the program were listened to with much pleasure, and the large audience was held to the end by the freshness of thought and power of eloquence which each speaker displayed. MONDAY EX'ENING. For Monday evening a grand illumination of the city was announced, and surely the city made itself more impressive under the glare of the many thousands of electric lamps than under the direct rays of the sun. Crowds of people passed to and fro under what appeared at a distance as a continuous arch of lights, extending through all the principal streets. The centennial arch at Elmwood Park was seen to best advantage at night, with its hundreds of electric lights, arranged in graceful lines. The center of attraction Monday evening, however, was at City Hall, where a reception of the citizens and visitors was held. Hall's orchestra occupied the back of the stage, while the receiv- ing line extended across the entire front. On the right of the line were His Excellency, Governor Hill and Mrs. Hill, beyond them in order were : The Mayor and Mrs. Martin Blaisdell, Dr. and Mrs. Frederick C. Thayer, Mr. and Mrs. Willard B. Arnold, Rev. Edward Lester Marsh, President and Mrs. Charles Lincoln White, Miss Grace E. Mathews, Perham S. Heald, Mrs. J. H. Grondin, Gedeon Picher, Mrs. Ann M. Pulsifer. Mr. and Mrs. Alpheus W. Flood. The presentations were made by Mr. John E. Nelson and Hon. Chas. F. Johnson. The other ushers were : Frank J. Good- ridge, Dr. J. L. Fortier, Albert F. Drummond, Dennis M. Bangs, Charles A. Redington, George A. Kennison, Dr. J. Frederick Hill, Frederick J. Arnold, William A. Smith, Harry Dubois, 22 HISTORY OF W ATERVII.LE. Horatio R. Dunham, Harvey D. Eaton, Frank \V. Alden, Charles J. Chikey, WiUiam Fogarty, Elwood T. Wyman, Dr. John G. Towne, Dr. E. E. Goodrich, Henry Darrah. For nearly two hours a constant stream of guests passed along the line and grasped the hand of each of the receiving committee. TCESDAY. The last day of the celebration was as brilliant and successful in point of the spectacular as the others were from a literary and social standpoint. Tuesday forenoon at 10.05 o'clock was the! time appointed for the civic, military, trade, and industrial parade. It would not have been surprising if such an hetero- geneous column as made up this procession should have been anywhere from a half an hour to an hour late in starting, but surely if such had been the case all would have felt a jar in the otherwise absolute precision of the entire celebration. Fortu- nately the chief marshal. Dr. F. C. Thayer, felt the incongruity of such a delay beforehand, and had the ability to prevent it. The procession began to move at exactly the appointed time, and the whole parade passed off as smoothly as though it had been drilled for weeks. The line qf march was as follows : Elm street, to Center, to Pleasant, to Western avenue, to Elm, to Spring, to Gold, to Main, to Water, to Silver, to Main, to College avenue, to Depot Square, to Alain, to Elm, to Monument Park where the parade was dismissed. The length of the parade was such that any extended descrip- tion of each of its separate attractions would require all the pages that this volume contains. Yet it will always be of interest to the friends of Waterville to have a brief record of this proces- sion, sufficiently detailed to convey some impression of the inge- nuity of the many men and women who contributed so lavishly of their means and skill to make this parade a truly magnificent affair, such a record was found in the Waterville Sentinel of Wednesday, June 25th, and is copied here with but slight and unimportant omissions which lack of space compels. HISTORY OF WATERVILLi:. 23 THE PARADE. Platoon of police. Dr. Frederick C. Thayer, chief marshal, and staff. Adjutant and Chief of Staff'. Dana P. Foster. The staff: Dr. A. Joly, Lowell G. Salisbury, Ernest E. Decker, Cyrus \\'. Davis, Horatio D. Bates, Dr. J. F. Hill, Dr. L. G. Bunker, George S. Dolloff, Howard B. Snell, George H. Groder, Elwood T. Wyman, Hascall S. Hall, Dr. E. E. Goodrich. Elm City Guards, mounted, Capt. Ray Blanchard. First Division. Hall's Military Band. Dr. L. G. Bunker, chief of division, with two aids. Centennial float, "Fair Waterville." Co. H., Infantry, Second Regiment, N. G. S. M., Capt. A. T. Shurtleff. Battaliori Second Regiment, Patriarchs Militant, Maj. Evander Gilpatrick, commanding. Canton Halifax. Canton Augusta. Society Union Lafayette, Gedeon Richer, commander. Float showing the first meeting of Gen. Washington and the Marquis de Lafayette. Two stalwart figures in the dress of two centuries ago amicably conferring across a table. Ancient Order of L^nited Workmen, Uniform Rank, Edwin Towne commanding. Waterville Cadets, uniformed, Capt. George E. Tolman. W. S. Heath Post, No. 14, G. A. R., in carriages. Department Commander James L. ^lerrick in first carriage. Second Division. Knights of Pythias Second Regiment Band. George S. Dolloff, chief with two aids. Uniform Rank, K. P., E. J. Brown, captain. Float representing Damon and Pythias in classic robes grasp- ing each other's hand with the mystic grip. St. John Baptist Society, Michael Morin, commander. 24 HISTORY OF \\ATnK\-ILLE. Float containing a dainty little maiden in white, the cross and banner of the order in one hand and the other resting lovingly in the fleece of a snowy white lamb. The Bricklayer's Union, Joseph Preault, president. Allan Williams, deputy. The masons marched in well kept ranks clad in white duck suits. These were followed by a float showing bricklayers and masons of I'nion No. 8 busily at work on a structure of brick and granite. Union St. Joseph, Jules Gamach, commander, showing the carpenter at work at the bench. Third Division. George Groder, chief, with two aids. Float, "The Village School," a representation of a red brick schoolhouse, green yard and white fence. Carriages with invited guests and Waterville city government. Members of the Centennial executive committee. C. H. Nelson driving the famous Nelson, 2.09. Horses from Sunnyside Farm, (!ri-\-en by young ladies, two mounted, handsomely arrayed. H. R. Mitchell, the florist, had a beautiful float, consisting of a monster basket of flowers, tied with white ribbons and streamers. E. S. Dunn, the tailor, had a beautifully decorated cart in the flower section. Pourth Division. Howard B. Snell, chief, with two aids. Waterville Bicycle Club with floats of four bicycles abreast drawing a chariot. The club followed in double rank of decorated wheels. Olympia Band of Augusta. Then came the trades display, complete and beautiful, and made up as follows : Otten, the baker, had a handsome display of thirteen men in white duck with white top hats, carrying white canes. Then came a brick oven hard at work and after that Fleischman & Go's, team, followed by the Otten deliverv wagons and a big float of "Uneeda's," with four girls on the corners, tossing National biscuits into the crowd. HISTORY OF WATERV'ILLE. 25 W. B. Arnold, hardware and plumbing. L. H. Soper put in a beautiful float in yellow and white on which rode nine girls. The sides and ends of the float formed open oval panels and the eftect was charming. The Hollingsworth & Whitney Company had a notable exhibit drawn by six powerful horses. The lower part of the float was made up of the various kinds of paper their mills turn out and on the top of all was a giant roll of paper 148 inches wide, weigh- ing 5,250 pounds and measuring seven and one-half miles in length. The Florence fruit store, four teams. Singer Sewing Machine Company, one team. Standard Oil Company, one tank. J. J. Pray, carriages and harnesses. The Bay View Hotel, one carriage. The Dickinson City Harness Store, three floats, one with bicycles and one with trunks. Allen & Pollard, groceries, delivery wagon and float with forty barrels of flour. Redington & Co., two teams, one a float with a parlor suit and the other piled high with rich carpeting. Young & Chalmers had four decorated ice carts of the present, followed by an ante-diluvian rig labelled "the ice cart of 1850." Whitcomb & Cannon advertised their meats with an elaborate and tasty collection of garnished loins and quarters, the team being driven by a boy in white. Blanchard, the music dealer, livened the waits with a phono- graph which was working overtime on the wagon seat. Proctor & Bowie of Winslow, had a float showing a modern kitchen, followed by a float advertising Sun Proof paints and containing an excellent miniature of the block house at Fort Hahfax. ^ G. S. Flood & Co., coal cart decorated in green and white. H. C. Haskell, grocer, one team. Wardwell Brothers had a beautiful float in red and white, a courtly array with a high throne filled by a queen in red and white, with a white parasol, while below her sat the beauties of the court, all in white. The effect was unusually attractive. Pomerleau had a schooner-rigged float filled with school chil- dren, the sails of the vessel furnishing advertising space. 20 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. P. P. Herbst had a handsome float driven by two Indian war- riors, eight men being busily engaged making cigars. S. A. and A. B. Green had their coal wagons filled with anthra- cite and decorated with flowers and bunting. E. W. Drake, assistant superintendent of the International Correspondence School of Scranton, Pa., made a good hit with his Resolution Club in parade. Dunham, the clothier, set forth the changes in the dress of the American in the four centuries past, each period being repre- sented by a youth in the attire of that time. Cunningham &• Smith had a big white shoe on their float filled with so many children they didn't know what to do. A clown did the driving. Armour & Co., had a yellow wagon filled with their products, surmounted by a monster ham. The Maine Central market had a tea and coffee wagon filled to the brim. Clukey & Libby Co.. had four representations, including twenty-four boys in gray dusters with red advertising umbrellas ; a float with twelve young ladies in white with white and rose sunshades, the team being decorated with 500 poppies and drawn by four gray horses with white harnesses. G. S. Dolloff & Co., had a float representing "Our Defenders — The Men Behind the Guns." The float contained a five-inch brass cannon manned by four jackies in white. The Whittemore Furniture Company had a float in green and garnet filled with coiiches of their manufacture. Arthur Daviau, a decorated grocery wagon. The Ticonic Mineral Spring Company had a float of the forest primeval with a bark tepee and a trio of dusky braves in their blankets, followed by one of the delivery carts. H. C. Shores, milk and cream. H. L. Emery's dry goods float represented a big round daisy made of dainty little girls in white with damsels in yellow form- ing the center. The Vigue Harness & Carriage Company had a four-horse float with a bicycle carriage and show window horse of shining proportions. The LoverinP: Hair Store had two pretty little misses in a pony cart, shaded by a rose trimmed parasol. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 27 J. L. Light, grocery wagon. Waterville Steam Dye House, two teams. Golden Oil Company, Henry Tucker, one team. Union Farm Creamery, two teams, the latter filled with young porkers. W. P. Stewart & Co., grocers, two teams. Atherton Furniture Company, a wagon-load of attractive goods. A float representing the old ferry boat of commerce, filled with boys. E. G. Grondin, clothier, a float in which a Chinee washerman was making the ringer hum. Fifth Division. Payne's Second Regiment Band, Lewiston. George F. Davies, chief engineer, of Waterville fire depart- ment, as chief of division, with two aids. Waterville steamer No. i. Hose Truck No. i. Hook and Ladder No. i. Hose Company No. 2. Hose Company No. 3. Hose Company No. 4. Columbia racing team and reel. ' The "Bloomer." Carriages with ex-chiefs of the Waterville fire department. The summary of the parade is given as follows : Time in passing a given point, 38 minutes ; number of floats, 95 ; number men on foot, 594 ; number men on horses, 35 ; number bands, 4 ; number carriages, 22 ; number men on bicycles, 22. To the eye- witness the procession was one that will linger long in memory. TUESDAY AFTERNOON. Although Tuesday forenoon's parade was, in point of display, the high water mark of the celebration, yet the vast multitude of visitors which had come with the intention of enjoying a long 1. The Bloomer was a reproduction of Waterville'3 first fire engine bought in 1810. 28 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. day of festivities was not to be left without entertainment. In the afternoon the contests by the fire companies, directed by Chief Engineer George F. Davics ; the sports, under the direc- tion of Dr. C. W. Abbott, consisting of the baseball game between the Waterville city team and Colby, and the balloon ascension on the college campus, were amply sufficient to keep the spectator occupied and interested ; and in the evening the concert by Hall's Military Band on Elmwood Park formed a fitting close to the celebration. No accident of any kind occurred to mar the pleasure of the occasion. As the railroads sold about twenty thousand Water- ville tickets, it is a conservative estimate that at least twenty-five thousand people visited the city during the centennial. Many estimated the number as high as thirty-five thousand. The good work in advertising done by Chairman Dr. J. Frederick Hill, the interest of Maine in Waterville, and the central location of the city all contributed to this satisfactory result. There was no drunkenness, disorder or even incivility upon the streets. The labors of the centennial committee and of its efficient chairman, Dr. Thayer, were abundantly successful. The public spirit and the civic patriotism of the citizens were increased and their love was quickened for the fair city in which they dwell. Perhaps the most appropriate characterization of the whole celebration would be, that it was in every way worthy of the city under whose auspices it took place and whose birth day it celebrated. CHAPTER II. TECONNET AND WINSLOW. By Rev. Edwin Carey Whittemore. One hundred years have passed since on June 23, 1802, the Great and General Court of Massachusetts incorporated the town of Waterville. Today under conditions which place her among the most favored of the cities of New England, Waterville gathers her citizens, calls back those whom unkind fortune has compelled to reside elsewhere, reviews the ascending path of her prosperity and with tender thoughts of those whose life work has been given to the past, faces the future with confidence and with hope. Appropriate is the place (Monument Park) in which we are convened. On one side, this noble building and the nobler name which it bears, stand for discipline, education, sound preparation for life. In the center of the park as in our history, stands the Soldiers' Monument, the perpetual memorial to the patriotism of those sons of Waterville who died that the nation might live, and over yonder is a Christian church. These three, education, patriotism, religion, have determined the char- acter of the town's civil life and when sound and productive busi- ness, as represented by the stores and the great manufactories beside Ticonic Falls is added, the foundation of permanent pros- perity is complete. In order, however, the better to understand and the more highly to appreciate the century which we celebrate, a glance should be given to the centuries which were before it. If Assiminasqua, the eloquent orator of old Teconnet could speak to Note. Chapters II anil III were delivered in part, aa the historical address at the celebration of the centennial ot Waterville June 23, 1902. 30 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. US today, he would narrate events moie thrilling than those which living man can tell though it is ours to record the unmerited disaster, tragedy and annihilation of his race. In 1497, five years after the discovery of America by Colum- bus, Henry VII of England sent an expedition to these shores. John Cabot was in command and with him was his son Sebastian. The expedition reached Labrador, June 24, 1497, and after cruis- ing along the coast for three hundred leagues returned to Eng- land. The next year, 1498, Sebastian Cabot sailed along the whole coast of Maine and across Massachusetts bay.' He was disappointed in the matter of finding a course to China but on his discoveries England established a claim to the whole country from Labrador to New York. In 1534 Jaques Cartier vinder commission of Francis I. of France, discovered the St. Lawrence river and took possession of all adjacent territory in the name of France, thus beginning the rival claims which were to vex the country for two hundred years. Under the patronage of Queen Elizabeth, Sir Humphrey Gilbert took possession of Newfoundland August 3, 1583. "in a very formal and solemn manner." On the return voyage his vessel of only ten tons, foundered and Sir Humphrey and all on board were lost. In 1603 sailing from ISIilford Haven, April 10, Martin Pring entered Penobscot bay on the 7th of June. He describes the country and its products in enthusiastic terms but as he found no sassafras, he shaped his course for Massachusetts. The same year (1603) King Henry IV of France granted to Sieur De Monts the whole of North America between 40° and 46° noith, viz: the territory between Cape Breton and the Hudson river which was named Acadia. Samuel Champlain was the' most eminent man connected with the De Monts expedition. He explored the entire Maine coast - and his very accurate maps were published in Paris in 1613. July 6, 1604, De Monts and Champlain had ascended the Sheepscot river and had come out into the Kennebec proceeding as far as Merrymeeting bay. The 1. See Bidille's Memoir of Sebastian Cabot. London, 1832. 2. "Coaatlns Voyasea in tbe Gulf of Maine, made In the years 1604-5 and 6, by Samuel Champlain." By Gen. John Marshall Brown. Coll. Me. Historical Society. Vol. VII, pp. 242-243. HISTORY OF WATfiRVILLE. 31 Indians were friendly and informed Cliamplain that the Kenne- bec and the Chaiidiere were the great route to the north, also that the Indians in this section cultivated the soil. Champlain set up a cross on the bank of the river and formally claimed the territory as a part of Acadia. This was the first claim made to Kennebec territory and it is worthy of note that it was made by the father of French colonization in America, Governor of New France and founder of Quebec, Samuel Champlain. In his writ- ing's we find for the first time the name Quinebequi applied to the river, the name signifies dragons or monsters and referred to the monsters whose writhings vexed the waters at the Hell Gate in the Sheepscot. The expedition of Capt. George Waymouth, which sailed from the Downs on JSIarch 31st, 1605, anchored off Monhegan May 17th. After considerable exploration, the claim- ing of territory for England and the kidnapping of five Indians, Capt. Waymouth sailed for home. The claim has been made that he entered and explored the Kennebec river,^ but the weight of evidence is against it." The same year, 1605, Champlain was again in the Kennebec and heard of a vessel six leagues away which had captured or killed five natives, evidently Waymouth's. Captains Hanham and Pring under the patronage of Sir John Popham explored the Sagadahoc in 1606 and were probably the first Englishmen to enter the river.' The year 1607 is notable for the founding of the first English Colony in New England under Popham and Gilbert at the mouth of the Kennebec river, called the Popham Colony. The expedi- tion which was supported by some of the greatest men in Eng- land sailed May 31st, 1607. August 19, 1607, the site for a plantation was chosen and forti- fications were begun. The colony was planned on a large scale and officers were appointed. Worship was instituted according to the forms of the English church. September 23d, the colonists sent an exploring expedition up the river and on Sunday the 27th, they were at Vassalboro, where they set up a cross. On Decem- ber 13 Gov. Geo. Popham made a glowing report of the pros- pects of the colony : this has been called the first state paper 1. .John McKeen in Coll. Me. Hist, ooc, vol. 5. pp. 307-340. 2. "Rosier'sTlue Relation" by Henry Sweetser Barrage, vol. Ill of the publica- tion of the Gorges Society. Portland, 1K87. 3. Tliayer. "The Sagadahoc Colony." Gorges Society, vol. IV. 32 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. written in America. At that time the colonists were busy build- ing the "Virginia," a vessel "about some thirty tonne ;" thus the first wooden ship built in America by colonists, was built in a Kennebec yard. The severity of the winter (1608) the harsh treatment of the Indians by the colonists which provoked repris- als, the death of Gov. Geo. Popham and the return of Gilbert to England caused the failure of the colony in 1608. In 1609 the Jesuits Biard and Masse established a mission at Mount Desert and two years later Biencourt and Biard were at the Kennebec. The Cannibas, the Indians of the valley "received the reverend father with respect and cordiality"' and the first Catholic service was held near the Sheepscot. In 1614 Capt. John Smith of Virginia fame came with two vessels to the Kennebec on a trading expedition. Though he spent most of his time in fishing for whales, yet in his book he says "We got for trifles, eleven thousand beaver, one hundred martens and as many otters. \\"e took and cured forty thousand fish, corned or in pickle."" Capt. Smith gave to the country between the Hudson river and New-foundland the name of New England. After Capt. Smith's departure, his subordinate, Capt. Thomas Hunt, who delayed to complete his cargo, kidnapped twenty-four natives whom he conveyed to Spain and sold into slavery at one hundred dollars each. One of the most destructive wars which this state has ever known broke out auong the Indians themselves in 1615. The Indians of the Penobscot and the East were arrayed against those of the Kennebec and the West. For two years the conflict raged with all the horrible cruelty of savage warfare. It was immedi- ately followed by a pestilence, which annihilated many tribes and nearly depopulated New England. November 3, 1620 King James I granted to the "Council of Plymouth in the County of Devon" successors to the Plymouth Co. of 1603, the "New England Charter." The council included the Duke of Lenox, the Earl of Arundel, Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Francis Popham, Raleigh Gilbert and others. The territory con- veyed was all the land in North America between the 40th and 48th parallel of latitude. Thus when the Pilgrims landed at 1. Governor Lincoln's Papers. Me. Hist. Soc. CoU. vol. I. p. 4-29. 2- Description of New England by Capt. John Smith. London, 1616. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 33 Plymouth in December of 1620 the territory was already the property of another corporation. In 1625 the Plymouth Councfl granted to Gorges and Mason and others all the territory between the Kennebec and the Merri- mac which was termed the "Province of Laconia." The same year, according to Gov. Bradford, the Pilgrims of Plymouth, "after harveste they 'sende out a boats load of come, 40 or 50 leagues to ye eastward, up a river called Kenibeck." After refer- ring to their hardships he concludes, "But God preserved them and gave them good success for they brought home 700 pounds of beaver besides some other furrs, having litle or nothing els but this corne which themselves had raised out of ye earth. This viage was made by Mr. Winslow and some of ye old standards for seamen they had none."^ January 13, 1629 a grant was made by the Plymouth Council to the Pilgrim Colony called the Plymouth or Kennebec Patent. - It conveyed exclusive rights to a territory fifteen miles wide on either side of the Kennebec river extending from Topsham to the Wessarunsett river at Comville ; the patent received the previous year having been "so strate and ill bounded as they were faine to renew and inlarge it."^ They now erected a trading house "up above on ye river in ye most convenientest place for trade,"* probably at Cushnoc (Augusta). The Plymouth Council discouraged by its losses and by tha persistence of its enemies held its last meeting April 25, 1635 and surrendered its charter to the King. He appointed his Privy Councillors, Lords Commissioners of all his American Planta- tions. This board appointed Sir Ferdinando Gorges Governor General of New England. The Council, before its dissolution had divided its territory into twelve royal provinces and assigned these to its members by lot. The third and fourth lots covering the entire territory between the Kennebec and the Piscatacjua, fell to Sir Ferdinando Gorges and was called New Somersetshire. Sir F. Gorges, 1. Bradford's History of Plimoth Plantation. Boston, 189S, p. 247. 2. Hazlitt Con. p. 298-303. 3. Bradford, p. 280. 4. Bradford, p. 280. 3 34 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. detained by an accident to the vessel which was to convey him to his new government, never set foot in New England. On the third of April, 1639, the King conferred upon Sir Fer- dinando Gorges yet more extensive territory and viceregal power over what was called '"the Province of Maine." It could hardly be regarded a limitation of his rights that the Lord Proprietor was to give to the King a fifth of the profit arising from the pearl fishings, and from gold and silver mines. Full executive powers were given and the right of legislation in connection with the citizens. The Lord Proprietor was to give deeds and titles to land, erect courts and appoint officers. The English church was established. The Lord Proprietor Gorges had sent over his nephew William Gorges as Governor who established his capital at Saco and opened court there March 28, 1636. As there were at the time no settlements on the Kennebec, the government of Gorges was not exercised here, but the Pilgrim Colony main- tained their rights to a monopoly of the trade with the Indians. The Indians of the Kennebec. The French gave the name Abenaquiois to all the Indians east of the Connecticut river, but the name became gradually restric- ted to the dwellers in the Kennebec valley. These Indians bore also the name Canibas, or Narhantsouaks. Before the great Indian war of 1615 it appears that the Bashaba or great chief who lived on the Penobscot exercised a kind of general sover- eignty over all the Maine tribes : later, the chief of the Kennebecs dwelt on Swan Island. The tribe extended from Merrymeeting bay to Moosehead lake and enjoyed in the forests, the fertile meadows, the rivers teeming with fish and af?ording a broad highway for their canoes, an ideal place for Indian habitation. In the winter the Indians retired to the woods and lakes further north where they found it easy to secure the moose and deer in the deep snow. With the coming of spring they descended the rivers in time to secure the salmon, shad and alewives : in the summer they had their scanty harvests and the berries and wild fruits of the forest. Several important Indian villages were on the river. At Fort Hill, Winslow, was a large village extending along the banks of the Sebasticook and of the Kennebec for nearly a mile. Mr. F. F. Graves who has carefully searched the HISTORY OF W'ATERVILLE. 35 site has found large quantities of pottery, wholly of Indian make. Flint chipping-s are very abundant, as well as fine specimens of arrow points, gouges, etc. It is noteworthy that no metal has been found here except beads of pure copper, thus showing that the settlement antedated European trade and also the village at Norridgewock where iron of European manufacture, pipe stems, etc., are found. The village on Fort Hill was probably the ancient Teconnet although the name belonging first to the Falls, was applied to territon,' on both sides of the river. The only grave yard in the western part of Winslow was small in extent and was located near the present wheel house of the paper mill. In Waterville there are no indications of Indian villages. No pottery is found, but along the river and streams, sinkers and arrow heads are common. There was, however, a large burial ground here extending from what is now Temple street to the site of the Lockwood Mills. When Dunn Block was erected, the body of an Indian buried in a sitting posture was found. Many implements were buried with him and about two quarts of copper beads. About the same time Mr. Graves and two assis- tants discovered six skeletons in a single forenoon's digging in the open space at the junction of Main and Water streets. Here evidently was the burial place of old Teconnet.^ The Cannibas Indians were well disposed to the white men though the kidnapping of their neighbors at the mouth of the river and the brutalities at Fort St. George soon made them sus- picious. It is not to the credit of the Plymouth Colonists that during all the earlier years of the trade with the Indians, nothing was done for their intellectual or moral improvement. In 1643 an Indian who had become a Christian under the labors of the Catholic French missionaries at Sillery and Quebec, came down the Kennebec as far as Augusta and told the Indians of the beauty and majesty of the new faith. He took back with him an Indian chief whose life had been saved by the intercession of the missionaries. He was baptized in Sillery under the name of John Baptist. Later a considerable intercourse grew up between the Indians of the Kennebec and those about Sillery and in 1646 a delegation appeared before a council of the fathers at that place 1. Mr. (iraves has in hl8 collection a stone war club fltteen inches long by one and one-half Inches in diameter, also peatles and corn grinders. 36 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. and begged that a missionary might be sent to the Indians of the Kennebec. They said that thirty men and six women had embraced the new faith and they desired a missionary to baptise and teach them. Father Gabriel Druillette was appointed and August 29th, 1646 started for his mission field. He found a hearty welcome. After a stay at Nahrantsouak and Teconnet he arrived at Cushnoc late in September where he was hospitably entertained by John Winslow the Pilgrim trader. Father Druil- lette received the encouragement of the Plymouth Company and established a successful mission called "The Mission of the Assumption among the Abenakis," ^ at Gilley's Point about three miles north of Augusta. During the winter he shared the expe- riencesof the Indians in the hunting season about ]\Ioosehead Lake and by the time of the spring gathering of the tribe had wholly won their confidence. He had emphasized three things as essen- tial, viz., to have nothing to do with the traders' firewater ; to cease quarreling among themselves and to throw away their idols. After the return of Father Druilette to Sillery in 1647, 't seems unfortunate that the Jesuit Fathers did not see their way clear to allow him to return until 1650, although three delegations were sent by the Indians asking his return. This year, in addition to his missionary labors, he was envoy to the New England Con- federacy (formed in 1643 ^o"" defense against the Iroquois) and visited Boston, being the first Jesuit priest to enter that city. He was honorably received at both Boston and Plymouth and returned with high hopes for the success of his mission. Again he spends the winter among the Indians. After heroic service and other journeys for the public defense his labors on the Ken- nebec closed in 1652, but he had exerted a marvellous influence over the Indians who had been won to him as a true friend and to the faith which he preached. - Meanwhile the English had been getting more assured pos- session of the land. The titles to land coming into question, the English secured deeds of the Sagamores though it is a matter of question whether the Indians understood that they were con- veying exclusive rights. In 1648 a Sagamore conveyed to Gov. 1. Jesuit Relations for 1(j4", chap. X. 2. Father Druillette after his return from the Kennebec was constantly em- ployed. In lfi66 he went west with Marquette and labored at Sault St Mary for thirteen years. He died in Quebec in 1G81. HISTORV OF WATERVH.LE. Z7 Bradford all land on both sides the river to Wessarunsett. In this deed Waterville is included. The very next year Kennebis and Abbagadasset sold to Chris- topher Lawson' the Kennebec land up as far as Teconnet Falls, which was afterward assigned to Clark and Lake traders in 1653.= The Plymouth trade with the Kennebec had been declining for years and in June 1649 it was leased for three years at the rate of £50 per year to William Bradford, Edward Winslow, Thomas Prince, Thomas Willet and William Paddy. Renewals of the lease at lower rates followed until on the 27th of October 1661 the patent was conveyed by sale to Artemas Boies, Edward Tyng, Thomas Brattle and John Winslow for £400 sterling. In 1653 the General Court of Massachusetts directed Thomas Prince to summon the citizens on the river Kennebeck that they might take an oath of allegiance and arrange a judicial code. This was done at the residence of Thomas Ashley near Merry- meeting bay, where on May 23, 1654, si.xteen men assembled, took the oath and in their code of laws promulgated the first prohibitory law of Maine. It provided penalties for selling liquor to the Indians as they, when intoxicated, were often guilty of "much horrid wickedness."'' As the new proprietors of 1661 made no effort for the improve- ment of their property or to set up a government, very little was done in the settlement of the valley for nearly one hundred years. Its nominal government, however, was matter of more interest. After the restoration of Charles II, Ferdinando Gorges, grand- son of Sir Ferdinando, petitioned the throne that the Province of Maine might be restored to him. January 11, 1664 the King issued an order that the Massachusetts Colony should give Gorges quiet possession of his Province.* As this was not done the King sent over commissioners^ who assumed the government and set up courts on the Sheepscot September 5, 1665. This action of the King was stoutly resisted by Massachusetts and the tyrannical acts of the commissioners soon brought the settlers 1. Christopher Lawaon was brought Before the Duke of York's Court at Arrow- sic on an action for debt by warrant dated Nov. 1, 1665. Sullivan, -290. 2. Sullivan Hist. Dist. of Maine, p. 147. 3. Williamson's Me., Vol. I, pp. 366, 367. 4. Hutchinson's Hist. p. 234: Williamson I, p. 412. 5. Hutchinson's Hist. Appendix No. X%'. p. 459-60. 38 HISTOKV OF WATERVILLE. to the verge of rebellion. The commissioners were recalled in 1668 and Massachusetts resumed control. To avoid future trouble Massachusetts purchased, May 6, 1677, for £1250 ster- l.ng. of Gorges, all his rights in the province, much to the di.s- gust of the King whose designs were thereby thwarted. In 1780 Massachusetts organized a Provincial government of Ivlaine and Thomas Danfoith was appointed President. This administra- tion, with some interruption by Dudley and Andros, continued until 169 1 when the charter of ^^'illiam and Mary included Maine in the Province over which Royal Governors were appointed by the crown imtil the Revolution in 1775. King Philip's War, the first war with the Indians, extended to Maine in the autumn of 1675. For years there had been increasing friction between the Indians and the English. The French had won the friendship of the Indians, sent them priests, sold them powder and guns and had been their allies in conflicts with other tribes. The English had treated them as inferiors, had sought profit in sharp business practices, had been suspicious and prompt to punish oiTenses and often refused to sell powder or guns. With the first outbreak of hostilities the Canibas tribe retired to this place, Teconnet, to await developments. The trade upon the river at this time was largely in the hands of Clark and Lake and Richard Hammond. Hammond had a trad- ing house at Woolwich, Clark and Lake had a large establishment at Arrowsic and both had trading houses at Teconnet Falls. The committee sent by Massachusetts to have general control over military and other measures of safety. Captains Lake, Patter- hall and Wiswell, ascending the Kennebec, met seven of the Canibas tribe and five of the Androscoggins, Mahotiwormet or Robinhood being leader. The Indians surrendered their guns and mutual professions of friendship were made. A little later Capt. Davis, from the Clark and Lake house at Arrowsic sent a messenger to Teconnet to remove the arms which were in the trading house there. He was also to promise that if the Indians would come to Arrowsic they would be supplied. The messen- ger disobeyed his instructions by assuring the Indians that "if they did not go down and give up their arms the English would come up and kill them." Meanwhile Magistrate Abraham Shurte at Pemaquid was doing his utmost to secure peace. He HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 39 called a number of the chiefs to Pemaquid for conference. They complained that their people had been frightened away from their cornfields, were not allowed to purchase powder and so were unable to kill any game or venison. Some had died of hunger. Some had been kidnapped. Mr. Shurte spoke kindly to them, assured them that he would do his utmost to punish those who had wronged them and to restore their captives. The Indians were greatly pleased, gave up a captive boy and presented Shurte with a belt of wampum. But the strife went on. During the autumn about one hundred of the English were barbarously murdered and the dwellers on Alonhegan offered a bounty of £5 for every Indian head. Those were anxious days at Teconnet. The Indians carefully abstained from acts of violence but the situation grew worse and worse. At last they sent a swift runner through the woods to Pemaquid to invite Magistrate Shurte to a council at Teconnet. Immediately he set out in his small boat, was joined at Arrowsic by Capl. Davis and arrived safely at Teconnet. The council was held in a great wigwam where five chiefs sat in state while a throng of warriors stood about the door. Assiminasqua the Prince and orator of Waterville opened the council. As Shurte and Davis proceeded to lay aside their arms he said : "Brothers keep your arms as honorable men. Be without apprehension. We do not, like the Mohawks seize messengers who come to us. Nay we never do as you people once did with fourteen of our Indians sent to treat with you, taking away their arms and put- ting them under guard. We have been in deep waters. You told us to come down and give up our arms and powder or you would kill us, so we were forced to part with our hunting guns or to leave both our fort and our corn. What we did was a great loss, we feel its weight." Shurte responded with professions of friendship. Tarumkin answered: "I love the clear streams of friendship that meet and unite. Certainly I myself choose the shades of peace. My heart is true and I give you my hand in pledge of the truth."' But the dififerences between the parties in council were hard to meet. The Indians must have guns and ammunition or they would starve. If the whites sold them these they were providing 1. History Kennebec County, p. 41. 40 IIISTOKV C)I- \VATKK\'1I,LIC. means for tlu-ir own destrnction. At last Madockawando adojitcd son of Assiminasqua and son-in-law of Baron Castine cried out : "Do we not meet here on equal ground? We ask where shall we buy powder and shot for our winter's hunting? Shall we leave the English and apply to the French for it, or shall we let our Indians die. We have wailed long to hear you tell us. Now we want yes or no." Shurte wa.s not able to give a satisfactory answer. A little more Cdnfideiice woidd have averted much bloodshed. August 13, 1676 the first blow was struck in which the Tecon- net Indians had part. Richard Hammond the trader had a bad ie|)Utation at Teconnct. The Indians declared that he cheated them, filled them with strong drink and robbed them of their fins. Ill revenge they burned Hammond's place at Woolwich, killed him and two others and took sixteen persons captive who were conveyed to Teconnet and there kept imder guard. The next night, August 14, the mansion and large establish- ment of Capt. Lake at Arrowsic was destroyed. Capt. Lake was killed and Cajit. Davis of the Teconnet Council severely wounded. Thirty-five prisoners were taken. In a few weeks the whole county from Falmouth to lV'ma(|uid was desolated, the inhabitants killed, captured or driven away. Then Madockawando and Mugg,'-his lieutenant, saw that it would be a good time to arrange for peace. Mugg was conveyed to Boston where he arranged provisional terms. Returning he was sent to Teconnet to arrange for the release of the prisoners. While here he laughingly told the Indians "I know how we can even burn Boston and drive all the cnuntry before us. We must go to the fishing islands and lake all the white men's vessels."' Mugg was killed in an attack upon Wells, May 16, 1667. Ai)ril T2, 1678 the Kemiebec and other Sagamores signed a treaty of ])eace at Casco. This treaty (provided for the release of prisoners and for the iiaymeiit of a peck of corn annually by each white family to the Indians in acknowledgment of their right to the land. Among the prisoners returned from Teconnet was Mrs. 1 l.iiiiiiiond who bore a letter dictated by her captors in which they boasted of their clemency and fair dealing. It is true 1. Ilnblmiirn Imlinii Wnrs, p. SlWItiil. •1. Abliolt. Ulitory iif Mc, |i. 1«7. Note.s. insTdin- (II' w ati;r\'ii.i.i;. 41 tical wo liavc no rooin'il lliat llio Koniu'hccs ever tnrluroil a prisoner. Ten years of peace and rapid progress on the part of the Eng- lish were followed by A.'i')i,sr H'i Ilia ins' War which opened Angnst 13, 1688. In this war the French were actively engaged and its most effective expeditions were planned and officered from Que- bec. The I'reneh had used to tiie full the religions induence which had been gained over the refugee Indians who had ascended the Kennebec to the neighborhood of Sillery. King Williams' War was one of the most costly episodes in the long struggle between England and l"ranco for the possession of Acadia and ultimately, tlie continent. Teconnet was used dur- ing the early years of the war as a station for captives until they could be ransomed or sold north into slavery. Hither from Merrymeeting, New Dartmouth,' Sheepscot, Winter ll.ubur ,ind Kennebunk prisoners were brought and WaterviUe heeanie ;i central station on the prisoners' sad march l(^ slavery, deatli or long delayed ransom. 'In 1692 Col. Church, on his third I'.astcrn expedition, hunird the fort and settlement at Teconnet, and the history of earliest Waterville the metropolisof the Cannibas Indians was ended. The white men claimed that the Indians set it on fire at their api)roaeh ; the Indians that the white men burned the place. In Kh),^ Maj. Converse who was more feared by the Indians than any other English officer, was at Tecoimel and at so many other places in rapid succession that the Indians were dismayecl. They were gaining nothing from their alliance with the French and came to feel that they were fighting the battles of another power beyond the seas. Their own share was to fight against an ever increasing enemy and to die. Accordingly, August 12, 1692, eighteen of the Maine Sagamores met at Pemaquid and agreed to a treaty of peace. This treaty provided for a release of all captives and was signed by all the Sagamores, including Rom- aseen of the Kennebecs and Wenobson of Teconnet, in behalf of Moxus. The peace, however, was not observed. Later in UK- same year I'omaseen was supposed to lie eoneenied in tlie 1. Ilon.Tlioiiitts U. Ueeil 111 his ociitonnlul oration al rortlaiid .stulr.H, without citing uuthoiltles, tliiit tli« Fronoli from Quebec uml the Imlluna from CUBtlne met ftt Tlconnct iiiul thence proceeded on llio c.\poclltloii which destroyed Portland May l«-'2l), 1690. 42 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. destruction of Dover, N. H. November 19, 1694, while visiting Pemaquid with a flag of truce Bomaseen was recognized, arrested as a spy and sent to Boston where he was imprisoned for five years. Enraged at this the Kennebec warriors became the more zealous in the conduct of the war and shared in the destruction of Fort William Henry at Pemaquid in 1696, and did not agree to peace until its terms included the release of Bomaseen. Peace was attained in 1699. Bomaseen was restored to his people and the captives confined at Norridgewock, which after the burn- ing of Teconnet became the prison station, were released. Meanwhile the man who for thirty years was to exercise the most potent influence on the Kennebec had arrived. It was Father Sebastian Rale. He was a native of France, of excellent edu- cation and of high rank. In 1693 he was sent by the French leaders at Quebec to Norridgewock where the brothers Bigot already had revived the mission founded half a century before by Druillette. With utter devotion. Rale gave himself to his work. He shared the Indian's lot, sought to guard his rights and naturally shared his country's hatred of the English. It was to be expected also that the Quebec authorities would keep in correspondence with him as the one best fitted to report the conditions on what they regarded as their Acadian frontier. Soon he became an object of suspicion and hatred to the English. They charged him with hindering the formation of treaties and with preventing the execution of them, and with encouraging the Indians in their deeds of bloodshed : certainly he gave them his blessing and the sacrament before they set out. In 171 7, when Gov. Shurte of Massachusettts, visited the Kennebec in order to make a treaty with the Indians, Father Rale championed both the Indians and France in the effort to prevent alienation of lands and the erection of forts. The treaty was against his protest. As earlv as 1605, during Queen Anne's War, which was brought on by French intrigues, an expedition imder Col. Hilton ascended the Kennebec on snow shoes in mid-winter to capture Rale. They found Norridgewock deserted. In 1721 Rale secured united protest on the part of several Indian villages against the advance of the English whom he virtually threatened with the vengeance of France. August 1st ninety Indians with Rale as adviser, appeared at Arrowsic and ordered the settlers HISTORY OF 'WATEKVILLE. 43 to leave within three weeks or they would be killed. Regarding Father Rale as the real source of the disturbances and depreda- tions made by the Indians who certainly were so fully under his control that he could direct or restrain them. ^Massachusetts, in the winter of 1721-22, sent Col. Thomas Westbrook to Nor- ridgewock to apprehend the ])riest and convey him to Boston. The expedition foimd Norridgewock deserted, a notice posted upon the door of the church threatening the destruction of the English meeting-houses if the soldiers dared to harm it and stoutly maintaining the right of the French and the Indians to the territory.^ A box was found containing the correspondence of Rale and Vaudreuil, French Governor at Quebec, which proved the complicity of the priest in the plots of the French and the duplicity of the Governor in his dealings with Massachu- setts. Enraged at this expedition, the Indians began the sys- tematic plunder of all the little settlements on the river, burning Brunswick in July, 1722 and taking many captives. War was declared by Massachusetts upon the Eastern Indians, July 26, 1722 and a reward of £100 for the bringing of the person of Father Rale to Boston. On the 19th of August, 1724, an expedition numbering 208 men led by Captains Harmon and Moulton, left Richmond Fort. They arrived at Teconnet August 20, where they left forty men to guard their boats while the rest marched silently and swiftly- through the woods toward Norridgewock. On the way they came upon an Indian with his wife and daughter. Remember- ing the failure of the Westbrook expedition, they immediately fired upon them lest Norridgewock should receive warning. The man was killed while trying to escape across the river ; it was the noted chief Bomaseen. Norridgewock was taken wholly by surprise and the inhabitants fled panic stricken. Many were drowned while trying to escape, many were shot among whom was Father Rale. Charlevoix's romantic story that Rale came forth boldly to his death while seven heroic Indians covered him with their own bodies until all were shot down is disposed of by the testimony of Lieut. Jaques, that he himself shot the priest in a cabin while he was in the act of loading a gun.- 1. For letter, see "PlODcers of Kew France," Baxter, pp. 122-3. 2. Jaques wag afterward arraigned by Capt. Moulton for kilting Rale instead of taking bim captive. He defended bimself on the ground that the priest refused quarter. 44 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Aug^ist 22, 1724 Capt. Johnson Harmon appeared before the Governor and council at Boston with twenty-seven Indian scalps and with the scalp of Father Rale. "In consideration of the extraordinary service of said Capt. Harmon, the Lieutenant-Gov- ernor presented him with a commission for Lieutenant-Colonel," and a warrant was drawn in his favor for the promised reward of i 100.^ The destruction of Norridgcwock, terrible though it was, was in reprisal for the destruction of hundreds of homes and many villages of the English settlers, and it was practically the end of trouble with the Indians on the Kennebec. Father Rale was a remarkable man. His love for his Indian converts and his self sacrificing devotion to what he believed to be their interest were beyond question, but as a loyal citizen of France he felt called upon to do everything in his power to prevent the English from getting control of the country. He was the victim on the banks of the Kennebec, of strifes, which had their origin on the banks of the Thames and of the Seine, strifes which destroyed both him and his followers, but among all the pictures of early Maine is none more beautiful than that of the priest and the reverent Indian worshippers as they gathered morning and evening in the chapel at Norridgewock. After the death of Rale the Indians fled in despair to Canada. For twenty-five years there is little to record. The half century of war had nearly destroyed both the Indians and the English settler? and as late as 1749 there were only two white families left above Merrymeeting bay. September i, 1749 nine of the heirs of the men who had bought the rights of the Colony of New Plymouth to Kennebec territory in 1661, met in Boston and became incorporated for the purpose of defending their rights and opening their lands to settlement. The great obstacle was the constant danger from the French and Indians. In 1753 the Plymouth Company petitioned Gov. Shirley for the erection of a fort at Teconnet Falls. This was regarded as a strategic point: the highway between Maine and Quebec was up the Kennebec and down the Chaudiere. Even the Penobscots came down the Sebasticook to Teconnet and thence ascended the Kennebec. Rumors were always afloat that the 1. Mass. Council lUcoiils, Vol. VlII, pp. 71-7i. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 45 French and the Indians who had been driven from their lands were about to come down the river with hostile intent. In answer to the petition, Gov. Shirley proposed that if the Plymouth Company would build a defensible house for stores and fort, at the head of the tide water, Cushnoc, Augusta, he would build a fort at Teconnet Falls. Under the direction of the General Coirt which was alarmed at the rumor of French invasion. Gov. Shirley with Col. Paul Mascarene, Commissioner of Nova Scotia, Genera! John Wins- low in command of the troops and several high officials with 800 soldiers, set sail, June 21, 1754, in the frigate Massachu- setts for Falmouth. There 42 Indians from the Kennebec met the Governor in conference. He expressed his purpose to build a fort at Teconnet to which the Indians made desperate pro- test.^ They besought him to build no forts higher up the Kenne- bec than Fort Richmond ; declared themselves willing that set- tlers should occupy the lands but were afraid of more forts. Their eloquent plea was wholly unavailing. Governor Shirley produced deeds signed by Sagamores long since dead, conveying the lands in question. Against this fact no words could avail and the Indians acquiesced though asserting that their ancestors had been cheated. Immediately the troops began their march for Teconnet. There Gen. Winslow laid out the Fort and detailed 300 men for its construction while he with 300 troops ascended (August 8) the Kennebec in search of the French fortification which had been reported. Gen. Winslow was taken ill at Norridgewock and returned to Teconnet, the command of the expedition devolv- mg upon Col. Preble, who ascended to the head waters of the Kennebec but found no French. In a very short time five buildings were erected at Fort Hali- fax,- a stockade 800 feet long erected, the cannon and arms brought up in scows from Cushnoc and mounted and a road for wheel carriages cut through from Fort Western to Fort Halifax. 1. "July l9t Norridgewock Indians gave their answer and refuged the fort being built at Ticonnet. July 3. treaty signed." Parson Smith's Journal. 2. While at Falmouth Gen. Shirley contracted with Capt. Isaac Ilsley as head carpenter, who was to take with him twelve others for the building of the fort at Ticonnet. Their wages were to include "the Province's ordinary allowance of provisions and drink." The bill of Capt. Ilsley was filed Sept. 2S. for S2 days labor of himself and men, amounting to £1660, 10s. Goold's account of Fort Halifax. Me. Hist. Soc. Coll. Vol. S, p. 2i9. 46 HISTORY OF WATERVII.LE. Gov. Shirley who had personally inspected the work was greatly gratified and highly commended Gen.\\"inslo\v and his men. Capt. William Lithgow, who had been commander of Fort Richmond, was assigned to Fort Halifax and a garrison of 80 ' men left in charge. A whale boat express was arranged running from Fort Halifax to Portland in twenty hours. The route was down the Kennebec to Merrymeeting Bay, thence by the Androscoggin and across to New Meadows river and Casco Bay. Gov. Shirley returned in great state to Boston in September. For two months Falmouth had been very gay. Parson Smith writes in his diary : "Thus ends a summer scene of as much blus- ter as a Cambridge commencement and now comes on a vacation when our house and the town seem quite solitary." Capt. Lithgow assumed a heavy task. The fort was untin- ished. About the first of November a party of six men from the fort, who w'ere cutting timber, were attacked by the Indians. One was killed and scalped, four were carried away captive, only one, wounded, succeeded in reaching the fort. Some rein- forcements were sent and Capt. Lithgow received authority to impress men as needed. The winter of 1755 was a sad time at Fort Halifax.- As Capt. Lithgow wrote "The fort was the most extraordinary one for ordinariness I ever saw." The soldiers lacked shoes, clothing and blankets. The exposure and hard- ships of the men in hauling their fuel by hand through the deep snow soon prostrated them with sick-ness. Of the eighty men only thirty were left who were fit for duty.^ Five died during the winter. Supplies ran short and the distressed captain started down the Kennebec to secure aid. The journey was both hard and dangerous. Supplies had already been sent by the Gov- ernor which were landed at Arrowsic and gundalowed to Merry- meeting bay. By the aid of Capt. Hunter of Topsham and Capt. Dunning of Brunswick and their men, the supplies were brought to Fort Halifax. DesjMte all their hardships the garrison had hauled by hand to the hill 200 tons hewn timber also 100 tons board logs and bolts for shingles. The fortification including . Kept. Comiiiantling Gen. Dec. -1, 1754. 2. Letter of Capt. LlthROw to Gen. Shirley. See Chapter of Historical Documents. S. WilllBmson, Vol. 2, p. 302, states that 100 men with five cohorn mortars were sent as reinforcements in the fall of 17M. The Lithgow correspondence proves that this was not lione, and the Council Recoriis of Mass. under date of Dec. 21 1754, give as reason lliat there were not sufHclent provisions at the fort and at tba time of year It would be difflcult to forward more. FORT HALIFAX. I HISTORY OF WATfiRVILLE. 47 the great house for the officers' quarters and stores, was com- pleted by Capt. Lithgow in 1755. Early in the spring of that year two men from the garrison who were fishing were mortally wounded by the Indians. June 11, the Provincial Government declared war with the Indians and oflfered $200 for each Indian scalp and $250 for each captive. Col. Lithgow had now the strongest and most important fortification in Maine, but found it difficult to secure men and supplies. He complains that his men are lonely, being about fifty miles from inhabitants, and are over-worked in giiarding night and day the main fort, store house and two redoubts upon the hill.^ Col. Lithgow removed his family from Fort Richmond to Fort Halifax in 1755. May 18, 1757 occurred the last skirmish with the Indians. Col. Lithgow noticed a few days before, some rafts drifting by the fort.^ Concluding that the Indians had used them to cross the river and that they were intending to attack the settlement, he sent a boat containing an ensign and nine men down the river to give warning. On their return, about ten miles below the fort, they were fired upon by seventeen Indians. Two of the boat's crew were wounded but they kept up the fight with great gallantry. One Indian was killed and at last his comrades retreated bearing the dead body and another of their number who was wounded. It was the final shot and retreat of the Indians, almost on the same spot where Capt. Gilbert of the Pop- ham Colony had first met the Indians and erected the cross exactly one hundred and fifty years before. The garrison at Fort Halifax, though much reduced, was con- tinued for several years. In 1759 sixteen soldiers petitioned the Governor for a discharge, affirming that they had been impressed into the service and already had served far beyond their time. The request was granted and Col. Lithgow was authorized to ofl:'er "a bounty of five dollars to each of three men who would enlist. // they cannot be enlisted to he impressed." After the Peace of Paris in 1763, the fort was dismantled. At the time of Arnold's expedition in 1775, the large house within the fort was used as a tavern, "Fort House." Afterward it was used as a dwelling-house, meeting-house, town hall, where all the 1. Letter to Gov. Shirley Oct. 22, 1755. 2. Me. Hist. Soc. Coll. Vol. 8, p. 269-70. 48 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. earlier town meetings of WMnsIow were held, a hall for public dancing parties, finally a home for poor families until it was taken down by Mr. Thomas and some of its material used in the construction of the Halifax House in 1797. Col. Lithgow was engaged in trade at the fort for several years. In 1760 he was appointed Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Lincoln county, the first magistrate on the Kennebec above Pownalboro, and was continued by the American government. Before 1772 he retired to Georgetown to the Noble farm which was hil wife's inheritance and died there in 1798 at the age of eighty-three. Abbott states that eleven families settled in Winslow in 1754 but if so they have left neither trace nor name. Among the earliest settlers were Ensign Ezekiel Pattee, who lived in the fort house on the hill and kept store. He afterward removed the block house to his farm below the present village. March 12, 1766 the Plymouth Company granted to Gamaliel Bradford, John Winslow, Daniel Howard, James Warren and William Taylor a tract of land covering the present Winslow, of 18,600 acres, on condition that within four years they should have fifty settlers on the premises, twenty-five of them to have families, and to build fifty houses not less than twenty feet square and seven feet studd each. Said fifty settlers were each to clear and pre- pare for mowing, not less than five acres of land adjoining each house."^ This arrangement was carried out and was the only one to succeed of many similar propositions. (For records con- cerning the Plymouth Grant see chapter of Historical Docu- ments). Within a few years the names which have remained prominent through all the history of Winslow appeared upon the records, viz. Pattee, Howard, Haywood, Crosby, Heald, Getchell, Drummond, Hayden, Redington, Stackpole, Blackwell, Phillips, Runnels, Simpson, Town and others. Up to the year 1771 the plantation was called Kingfield. By act of the General Court of Massachusetts, April 26, 1771, it was incorporated as a town, the fourth in the State and named in honor of General John Winslow of a family which had been prominent in Kennebec history since 1525. By warrant of James Howard, a justice of the peace in and for the county of Lincoln, directed to Mr. Ezekiel Pattee, the Freeholders and 1. History of Kennebec Co. Vol. I, p. 842. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 49 Other inhabitants of VVinslow qualified to vote in town affairs met at Fort Halifax May 23, 1771, at 8 o'clock A. M. They chose Lieut. Timothy Heald, moderator ; Ezekiel Pattee, town clerk and treasurer ; Ezekiel Pattee, Timothy Heald and John Tozer, selectmen ; Robert Crosby, John Peter Cool and Nathaniel Carter, wardens ; Francis Dudley, Joel Crosby and John Ayer, surveyors of highways ; Jonah Crosby, fence viewer. At a sub- sequent meeting summoned "in His Majesty's name" the "clear- ing the banks of the river for the purposes of navigation, and the hireing of preaching," were considered but no action taken. March 2, 1772, Dr. McKechnie was "employed to apply to Dr. Sylvester Gardiner for a tract of land for a burying ground and for a road leading through his Improvement." This secured the old cemetery on Fort Hill. In May, 1772, it was voted "to hire one month's preaching this summer." The road which is now Main street and College avenue was accepted. Early in 1773 the authorities of Hallowell (Augusta) sent five men in a boat to Boothbay to carry to the town the Rev. John Murray who was the first minister to be hired by that town. He proceeded to Winslow and Waterville and July 3. 1773, baptised three child- ren of Dr. John McKechnie. This is the first baptism in town of which we have record. In the autumn of 1775 the ill-fated Arnold expedition with 1,100 men passed through Winslow and Waterville on its way through the wilderness to Quebec where it arrived at last with men half starved, worn out with incredible hardships and fit only for the hospital rather than the battlefield. Of the exploring expedition sent in advance Nehemiah Getchell and John Horn were guides. For the expedition itself a "guide by the name of Jackins was obtained, living north of Teconnet Falls." That the Revolution meant more than the mere passing of armed expeditions became apparent in 1776 when the town appointed a "Committee of Safety" consisting of Timothy Heald, John Tozer and Zimri Haywood. July 8, 1776, the town meet- ing was for the first time called in the name of "The Government and People of Massachusetts Bay." The general law required that each town should provide itself with a stock of ammunition, but there was no money in the Winslow treasury. The town therefore voted, "To borrow of Esquire Pattee, 100,000 of HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Shingles; of Deacon Tozer, 80.000 ditto; of Timo. Heald Jr 4000 d to: of Ambrose Davis, 3-000 ditto; of Lawrence Co a- tn I r lapboards, and of Nathaniel Carter. 5.000 of shmg^s fopurchase a' own stock of ammunition and that the produce o the same or what the same shall clear xn the marke shaU be assessed upon this town some time m the month of October ^t •• (Xv'nslow Record). Tt also voted to hire Aree men o go up the river on scout duty to see whether ^ny British foce was approaching, and petitioned the General Court f°^ lefence'against the Canadians. Those who --?d;n ^^ ^^^ mittees of Correspondence, Inspection and Safety during the S vo ution were : Timothy Heald. John Tozer. Zimn Haywood. F Ik e Pattee Robert Crosby. Manuel Smith, Ephraim Osborne NShanid Low, Hezekiah Stratton, William Richardson a.^ Benjamin Runnels. The town had not a httle trouble w.h the roving Indians who came into it without means of support and called upon the selectmen to feed them. This was done by Sq 1 Pattee until the town voted to pay him for i.ooo pounds bi; found the Indians at the rate of five dollars per pound which price would indicate either a depreciated currency or that Tor^e primordial beef trust already had taken possession of the com^ry. Under such conditions it became difficult to secure th clling and beef required by the Court for the Continental Arrnv. The quota of soldiers also fell short and the town voted To wVe '-tow" men for the town of Winslow to serve for three ears or during the war. It is no wonder that the articles con- cerning preaching and schooling at the town's expense were so nft-pn nassed over or voted down. SLy" '78a. Zimri Haywood was elected as the town's repre- senttle in the' Massachusetts Court. Tl^ next year Eze .el Pattee was chosen and Zimri Haywood, So °n.on P rker and Benjamin Runnels were made a committee to give their repre sentative instructions." ., 1,;,^ =,-hool- In 1784 it was voted not to hire preaching, not to 1"- s^^^^o^ ing and not to raise any money for town expense . The next year it was voted to raise £ 20 for preaching. £ 60 for schoohng Ind £ too for work on the roads which liberality was afterward reconsidered and recalled. In December, 1785. Capt. Haywood attended the Falmouth Conference with reference to the separa- tion of Maine from Massachusetts. HISTORY OF W'ATERVILLE. 51 In 1786 on petition to the governor, the plantations of Han- cock (Clinton) and Canaan were relieved of the taxes assessed upon them by Winslow on account of their "greate povertie and inabilitie." December 3, 1787, Jonah Crosby was chosen to attend the convention at Boston "to see whether the people will accept the constitution set forth at Philadelphia, September 17, 1787." The town was slowly becoming prosperous. The farms were productive, several grist and saw mills were in operation, the river afforded means for conveying the lumber to market, while its fisheries supplied both food and an important article of trade. In 1791 there were eighty-one polls in town and George Warren, Winslow's first lawyer, had begun business. In the same year he petitioned the General Court for authority to conduct a lottery for the building of a bridge across the Sebasticook. He was representative to the General Court for that year. An article in the warrant to set off the territory of Winslow on the west side of the Kennebec, was at last approved by a vote of thirteen to seven. The smallness of the vote probably prevented any further action. In 1793, however, perhaps to remove the griev- ance which had caused the desire for separation two collectors were appointed of whom one, Asa Emerson, was to serve for the west side of the river. It was also voted that the preaching in the future should be half on the east and half on the west side of the river and that the town meetings were to be held alternately. Several times action had been brought against the town under the general statute for not having a "Gospel Teacher." Feb- ruary ID, 1794, at a town meeting held at John McKechnie's it was voted "to erect a meeting house on the east side of the river on land to be given by Arthur Lithgow, Esq. One hundred pounds were to be raised by a tax on polls and estates for the purpose of building said meeting house." Jonah Crosby, Capt. Timo. Heald, Capt. Josiah Hayden, David Pattee, Jonathan Soule, Nathaniel Low and Ezekiel Pattee, Esq., were appointed to carry this vote into effect. A fish committee of nineteen mem- bers was to regulate the fisheries for the year. The same year two names appear in the town records which were to hold large pkce there for many years ; Rev. Joshua Cushman and Elnathan Sherwin. At a meeting held at the house of Elnathan 52 HISTORV OF W ATERVILLE. Sherwin on the site of the Silas Redington place, Sherwin street, Rev. Joshua Cushman was invited to settle in the town as a religious instructor. His salary was to be one hundred and ten pounds annually so long as he should remain their minister. A committee of ten, headed by Col. Hayden, was appointed to wait upon Mr. Cushman and receive his answer. Mr. Cushman already had seen much of life. Bom in 1759 at Halifax, he served with distinction in the Revolutionar>^ army and endured the hardships of V^alley Forge. He was graduated from Harvard in the class of 1788 with John Quincy Adams. At the age of thirty-six he was now to enter the ministry. He proved himself a man of high character, great ability as a preacher and a politician of no mean degree. In addition to twenty years service as pastor in W'inslow, he served in both branches of the Legislature of Alassachusetts. was then a mem- ber of Congress for three terms where he made a decided impres- sion, and was a member of the Legislature of Maine when he died. The constitution and agreement for a religious society under which he began work, which was supposed to come from Iiis pen was very liberal so that his society has been termed the first Unitarian church in America.' The ecclesiastical council for the ordination of Mr. Cushman to which the Church of Christ in Canaan, in Pownalboro, in Woolwich, in Brunswick, in Topsham, Second Church in Wells, First Church in Kittery, First Church in Pembroke and two others were called, was received in great state. Twenty of the leading citizens of the town were made a committee to conduct the council to the large booth of evergreen erected on the plains where the meeting was to be held. March 7, 1796, the town voted to build a meeting house on the hill near or in Ticonic village. The next day it was voted to build another on the Lithgow lot in Winslow, the previous vote concerning it having been reconsidered. The committee for the west side was : Nehemiah Getchell, James Stackpole, Jr., John Pierce, Obadiah Williams, Reuben Kidder. The committees reported March 16 that the meeting houses should be erected, the pews valued and the choice sold at 1. For the "ConHlItntion and Agreement*' under which Mr. Cusliman became town minieter of Winslow, witii tlie report of the Committee. See chapter of his- torical documents. HISTORY OF WATERVir.LE. 53 auction, the highest bidder to have two minutes to make his choice, payment for pews and premium was to be made in four quarterly installments in cash, corn, grain, any building materials or merchantable lumber. Such was the beginning of the meet- ing house which is now a part of the old city hall. Difficulty arose as to the location. Dr. Obadiah Williams generously offered to the town the present city hall park as a location for the meeting house and an academy or school house', court house, etc. Then Asa Emerson and David Pattee who lived by the Messalonskee or Emerson stream as it was then called petitioned that the house be placed at a more central point. Their petition was not granted. The house was not completed for many years. The pews were sold, forfeited, resold, forfeited again. About sixty pages of the first volume of Waterville records are taken up with pew deeds and many more with meeting house business. The first town meeting was held in the new meeting house June 25, 1798, and Elnathan Sherwin was paid $30 for the use of his house for previous town meetings and religious services. Mean- while questions of division had been constantly before the public. For years the matter of the separation of Maine irom Massa- chusetts had been agitated and vote after vote taken in its favor. The division of Lincoln county and the erection of Kennebec county took place February 20, 1799. The dividing of the town usually with the river as line though once a line one mile west of the river was proposed, had been discussed and voted on again and again. The expedient of holding town meetings alternately on the east and on the west side of the river was not satisfactory. Two collectors and a double set of town officials did not conduce to harmony. Mr. Cushman preached at the meeting houses in turn, even going to West Waterville one-fourth of the time. There was no bridge across the Kennebec and when the inhab- itants set forth in petition their grievances what wonder that the General Court listened to their prayer and divided the town.- The population now amounted to 1,250 of which 800 were on the west side of the river. December 28, 1801 the town voted "To petition the General Court to set off that part of the town which lieth on the westerly side of the Kennebec river and to incorporate it into a separate 1. See copy of deed, chapter o£ historical documents. 2. Petition for division. Page 54, note. 54 HISTORY OF WATKKVILI.E. town," and chose Reuben Kidder, Thomas Rice, Josiah Hayden, Nehemiah G. Parker and Asa Soule a committee for the purpose. Considering the circumstances the development of the town had been worthy even remarkable and when the time of separation came, the mother and daughter parted without a quarrel. PETITION FOB DIVISION. Koto. To llie Honourable the SetiHte and House of Representatives ol the Com- monwealth of Massachusetts iu General Court assembled : The Petition of the Subscribers, Inhabitants of the town of Winslow, in the county of Kennebeck, being a committee chosen by said Town in Town meeting assembled, humbly Report to your Honours that it is the wish of the Inhabitants of the said Town that the territory lying on the Westerly side of said River, in said town, as it is now bounded, should be set off from said Town by the name of Waterville. Your Petitioners would in behalf of said Town, beg leave to offer to your Honours the following reasons: That the value of the property now owned in said Town is nearly equally divided on each side of said river; That the Town and religious meetings in said town are held alternately at the meeting houses now erected on each side of said River, and that in several parts of the year it is very difficult and almost Impossible to cross said River to attend said meetings; That in the spring season, at the annual meetings held in said Town, the Inhab- itants thereof living on the opposite side from where the said meeting Is to be held, are frequently prevented by the particular situation of said River from crossing the same to attend said meeting; That said River near by divides said Town of Winslow in equal halves; Wherefore your Petitioners in behalf of said Town humbly pray that said terri' tory may be set off and as in duty bound will ever pray. (Signed.) ASA SOULE, 1 THOMAS RICE, | NEHEMIAH A. PARKER, ;. Com. of Town of Winslow. .lOSIAH HAYDEN, I REUBEN KIODER, J That the now Town of Winslow shall be divided through the middle of the River Kennebeck as the River usually runs across the width of said Town; That that part of said Town which lay on the Eastern side of the Kennebeck shall retain the name of Winslow and the part which lay on the Western side be erected into a town by the name of Waterville; That all debts except such as concern meeting houses that shall be due from the Town when divided, or Damages the Town may be liable to pay, shall be appor- tioned and paid by each Town according to the present valuation; That Josiah Hayden, Esq., being the only selectman of the present Town of Winslow residing on the east side of the Kennebeck River, shall, after a Division, have power to call the first meeting without consulting his colleagues. The above are articles agreed on by us in a Division of the now Town of Wins- low, in behalf of said Town. (Signed.) .lOSIAH HAYDEN, 1 REUBEN KIDDER, | ASA SOULE, >Com. NEHEMIAH A. PARKER, | THOMAS RICE, CHAPTER WATERVILLE 1802-1902. By Re\'. Edwin Carey Whittemore. By act of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Waterville was incorporated June 23d, 1802.^ July 13, 1802 Asa Redington,^ Justice of the Peace, issued to Aloses Appleton,- physician, his warrant to call the first town meeting to be held on July 26, at the East meeting house. These were men long prominent in the life of the town as their character, ability and public spirit deserved. Justice Redington, the old "soldier of Washington's body guard"^ was ever faithful to his trust. Dr. Appleton is still remembered by aged men who say "He was kind to the poor." Of the first town meeting, Elnathan Sherwin, long a prom- inent citizen of the place, who already had served three years as representative in the Massachusetts Legislature and who was to serve thirteen years longer, was chosen moderator, and Abijah Smith, to whom every one who consults the Waterville records covering the long period of his clerkship, is under obligation, was elected town clerk. The selectmen were Elnathan Sherwin, Asa Soule and Ebenezer Bacon ; David Pattee was elected town treasurer, and the long official list of surveyors, cullers, meas- urers, scalers, agents, tythingmen, fish wardens, fence viewers, field drivers, saxons (sextons), pound keepers, ended with the names of eighteen good men and true who were elected hog reeves. Evidently the new town was to be sufficiently governed. At the second town meeting, August 9, 1802, held at the West 1. Act of Division and Incorporation. Wat. Records, Vol. I, p. 1-4. See chapter of historical documents. 2. See Biographical chapter. 3. Letter of Asa Redington to Hon. Daniel P. Rinn. (In full.) See chapter of historical documents. 50 mSTORV OF W ATKUN'ILLIC. ineeting house, (Oakland) $i,ooo was voted for town expenses and $300 for schools. The prospects of the new town were good. Already through the efforts of Reuben Kidder, Abijah Smith and others the "Waterville Social Library" had been estab- hshed, which though not large, included books of the highest class.' Many of these books are still in the city and it .is hoped that they will find a proper place in the new public library. In 1791 only sixty-three tax payers were living on the "West Side" but the year following, Redington and Getchell built the first dam on the Kennebec and a large mill, which movement began our earliest business boom.- Considerable business also was car- ried on by the earlier mills on the Messalonskee, the McKechnie, Pattee and others. Capt. John Clark and his son Geo. Clark had a shipyard, where in 1800 the ship Ticonic of 268 tons was built.' The fisheries of shad, salmon, and especially alevvives were of profit to many and of annoyance to others, for in 1804 "the dressing of fish between Capt. Geo. Clarke's shipyard and the road leading from Isaac Temple's landing was prohibited. Waterville became a distributing point for the cargoes of mer- chandise that came up the river on the "long boats." -Ks the most of this merchandise consisted of rum and molasses, both of which came by the hogshead, it is charitable to suppose that it was intended for distribution rather than for home consumption. The collection of taxes was let to the lowest bidder, who in 1804 was Capt. James Sfackpole at 5^%. Later as much as 6% was paid. The most of the money for preaching voted by the town was paid to Rev. Joshua Cushman of W'inslow, by an af,reement with that town. In 1803 the town had been divided into ten school districts and in 1806 we find as school committee, Moses Appleton, Reuben Kidder, Timothy Boutelle, James Stackpole and Thomas C. Norris, a committee to inspire the teacher with dread and the scholar with awe. Squire Kidder was the town's first lawyer and he rendered it in many ways an important service. Hon. Timothy Boutelle was eminent through his entire career in W'aterville for public spirit and high char- 1. Virt Public Libraries of Waterville, by Kstelle Foster Katon. Also Water- ville Social Library. See chapter of historical documents. •2. Vi(ll"Karly Settlers anil Settlements," by A. A. Platsteil. 3. For shipping list Vld "Karly Settlers and Settlements." HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 57 acter. He served the town, the State, and the Nation in many official duties and in all with distinction and honor. In 1806 the mail privileges of the town were g^reatly increased by the establishment of a stagfe line from Norridgevvock to Hal- lowell by Peter Oilman. The old days of the Revolution, when the mail was brought at long and irregular intervals, during the winter on snowshoes, seemed primitive indeed, for this stage made two trips per week. That home amusement as well as foreign travel was not neg- lected, we learn from Capt. Stackpole's diary which, under the suggestive date of July 27, states that he carried his children to the dancing school at Col. Sherwin's kept by one, Moore. The Embargo Act of December 22, 1807, which by way of reprisal upon England, forbade American vessels to leave port, was a crushing blow to the shipping of Maine. A town meeting was called. A petition to the U. S. government for the removal of the Embargo was presented, but the spirit of patriotism pre- vailed and the town authorized a resolution approving the Embargo and chose a committee to prepare and forward to the President such resolution. The same year it was voted to build a powder magazine in the loft of the meeting house, probably as the driest place available though that the people were discrim- inating in the matter of their preaching is shown by their vote to pay $100 for preaching if Mr. Allen of Duxbury can be secured, otherwise $50. In 1809 the fire department makes its first appearance, in the election of Elnathan Sherwin, James L. Wood, Moses Dalton, Asa Redington and Eleazer W. Ripley as fire wardens, who were duly sworn. From that time on some of the foremost citizens of the town have served in the fire department. It has been to them a matter of patriotism, an honor and the secret of its efficiency to the department and a safeguard to the town. The first engine company included Capt. Abijah Smith, Nehemiah Note. In a tax list for 1S09 so given to Baxter Crowell for collection, occur276 namesof resident tax payers. The list here given, con tains 21 names of persons pay- ing over ten dollars: Moses Appleton, $19.30; Ebenezer Bacon, $10.44; James Bur- gess, $10.18; Thomas Cook, $11.51; George Clarke, $15.62; Jonathan Combs, $11.11; John Cool, $11.03; Isaac Corson, $21.28; Baxter Crowell, $13.70; Moses Dalton, $12.95; Daniel R. Emerson, $10.06; Jonathan Heywood, $10.17; Jeremiah Fairfield, S1B.B6; Nathaniel Gilman, $23.59; Keuben Kidder, $19.31; Joseph Mitchell, $10.42; William PuUen, $11.60; Asa Redington, $25.93; Asa Soule, $10.60; James Stackpole, $23.98! James L. Wood, {31.53. 58 III'^TORV or WATERVILLE. Getchel), James Stackpole, Timothy Boutelle, Russell Blackwel! and many others. An engine was purchased. It consisted of a central tub into which water was poured by pails to be pumped out bv an ordinary pump through a short and leaky hose. Some one wrote the name Bloomer upon it and the "Bloomer" it was through the many years of its somewhat doubtful service. In 1810 Waterville sent to the Massachusetts Legislature. Eleazer W. Ripley. He was a Dartmouth graduate, had studied law in the office of Hon. Timothy Boutelle and had become prom- inent :n town affairs. He was re-elected the next year, became State Senator but resigned to enter the army. His promotion for brave and meritorious service was rapid until he reached the rank of Major-General. He received the thanks of Congress and a gold medal inscribed "Chippewa, Erie and Niagara." In each of these battles he had fought with distinguished bravery and commanded at Lundy's Lane after the death of Gen. Brown. He remained in the regular army until 1820 and was afterward Congressman from Louisiana. During the War of 181 2 Elna- than Sherwin was lieutenant-colonel commanding the First Regi- ment in the 2nd Brigade of the 8th Division. Of that regiment Joseph H. Hallett was quartermaster ; Moses Appleton, surgeon ; David Wheeler, paymaster ; and Jedekiah Belknap, chaplain. Capt. Dean Bangs' company belonged to Chandler's Battalion of Aitillery and included some men from \'assalboro. Capt. Joseph Hitching's company (29 men) and Capt. William Pul- len's company (40 men) were raised in Waterville. W^aterville was invaded but once during the war. Great alarm was raised ore afternoon by the report that an armed force was marching upon the town. Preparations for defense were rapidly made and the bravest youths started out to meet the foe and to defend their homes. The enemy, when met, proved to be the crew, who were marching across from the Penobscot, of the U. S. vessel, Adams, which her commander had burned to keep her from fall- ing intc the hands of the enemy. The friendly foes soon entered the town and the event was celebrated in what was considered the appropriate manner. At that time whiskey was made on Silver street. In 1814 the largest ship ever built here, the Francis and Sarah, 290 tens, was successfully launched. The carrying trade on the HISTORY OF WATERVIIXE. 59 river now became regularly established and a lively trade in lumber, farm products, groceries, etc., followed the proclamation of peace in 1815. The next important event in the history of the town was the establishment here of the Maine Literary and Theological Insti- tution, afterward V^"aterville, now Colby college.' A charter was granted by the General Court of Massachusetts, February 27, 1S13. and after the question of location in the township No. 3, on the Penobscot, then practically a wilderness which had been granted by the Legislature, or in Bloomfield (Skowhegan) or in Farmington or in Waterville, had been decided by the trustees in favor of Waterville, the Vaughan lot of 179 acres was pur- chased of R. A. Gardiner for $1897.50. In 1816 the town had voted to raise $3,000 for the benefit of the institution should it be located here. For some reason this money was not paid. On the arrival of President Jeremiah Chaplin in 18 18, theo- logical instruction began and the literary department was opened with the coming of Prof. Avery Briggs in 1819. The history of the college, written by one qualified by long and valuable service iii it. appears in Chapter X. The college has brought to the town in the roll of its presidents and professors, a large number of eminent citizens, men who have been interested in all that pertains to the life of the town and by voice and influence have sought its good. It has created an intellectual atmosphere, stimulating to thought and high conceptions of life, which has led many of the youth of the town to seek instruction within its halls and has benefitted a far wider circle. It has brought together a large number of youth representing the best life of the communities from which they came and has trained them for useful lives. The actual business of the college is no small item in the transactions and profits of the town. But the supreme advantage has been the continued residence of pro- fessors and their families, who by work and influence in social, 1. As early as 1788 Dr. Obadlab Williams aclclressefl a letter to Doctor N. Whit- aker of Canaan, Me., with reference to the best location for a college, and the method of establishing such an institution. The answer, dated May 5, 1788, is in possession of Mr. Wallace B. Smith, grandson of Dr. Williams. The first sen- tences are as follows: "Sir— Your fav'r of April 30th came to hantl last Friday. I have weighed the contents. Am agreeably affected by the noble and important design of erecting a Seminary of learning in these parts, where little skill is required to discern a too hasty return to a state of Barbarism." 6o HISTORY OF WATKRVILLE. religious and civic life have conferred an inestimable benefit upon the community. The names of Prof. Keely, Prof. Hamlin, Prof. Loomis, President Champlin, Prof. Smith, Prof. Foster, Prof. Lyiord, Prof. Hall, Prof. Elder, Prof. Taylor, Prof. Warren and others who long resided in the town should receive honor- able mention. The great gift of money which is to broaden and to establish Colby's foundation, to supply her needs and open higher possibilities is yet to come. The financial question has been a troublesome one but in darkest hours the town always has conic to the relief of the college.' Especially close and har- monious did the relations of the college and the town become during the administration of President Nathaniel Butler and in this closer union which he secured is possibility of great mutual good. The annual festival of the town has been the college com- mencement, and even now it enhances the glory of the Centennial. A son of President Chaplin writes of the first Commencement Day : "What a day it was ! The grand festival was to be held in the so-called meeting house that belonged to nobody in particular. The morning opened grandly. From miles around and from distant towns the people flocked to the new Olympic. The vil- lage was literally crowded with strangers to see this new wonder. Stands for the sale of gingerbread, pies and cakes, cheese, cider and beer were on every hand. The people were on tiptoe of expectation. At length, about lo o'clock, the college bell rang out its hilarious peal. The procession was seen advancing toward the center of the village. The Governor of the State, the marshal with his staff, the trustees, the president with his silk robe and official hat, the professors in their silk gowns, the graduating class, a duet composed of George Dana Boardman and Ephraim Tripp also in their gowns, the rest of the students, cicizens, etc., the whole preceded by a military company (the Waterville Artillery) and a band of music. Oh it was mag- nificent! On. on, it came till it reached the meeting house. There was a halt. The procession parted; the great and the 1. In 1840 when the ooUege broke down for lack o£ money and its professora resigned, Mr. T.,uclu3 Allen made strenuous efforts in its belialf. He secure4 the holding of a public nipetingover whicli Hon. Timothy Boutelle presided. Stephen Stark undertook to collect money for the college and so liberal was tlie response that $50,000 were subscribed. Widow Caffrey, the hard-working and loyal keeper of the Commons House, subscribed fifty dollars. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 6l noble and the wise passed in first and then, as the rear were entering, the outside crowd, no longer able to endure the sus- pense, rushed for the door determined to find entrance. For a few moments there was a fearful struggle. Order, however, was restored. The exercises began when, in a few minutes, the tor- rent, which had flowed so frightfully into the house, took a reflex turn. Out they came, they had seen the elephant and were sat- isfied. The coming of Dr. Chaplin to Waterville meant also the estab- lishment of regular religious services on Sunday in the old meeting house. Very soon the Baptist church was organized with twenty members. This took place at the "Wood House" where the Elm wood Hotel now stands. The church was served by the president and professors of the college in an unpaid pas- torate of ten years. It held its meetings in various locations in the town until the erection of its fine meeting house in 1826 on land presented by Hon. Timothy Koutelle. In 1814 the old Waterville Bank was chartered, erected a one- story building on lower Main street, chose Nathaniel Gilman as president and Asa Redington, Jr., as cashier. The name was afterward changed to "Ticonic Bank." It has had connected with it many of the financial leaders of the town and for thirty- eight years had the efficient and successful service of A. A. Plaisted, Esq., as cashier. The town had repeatedly put itself on record as in favor of the separation of Maine from Massachusetts and in September, 1819, chose Abijah Smith and Ebenezer Bacon to attend the convention called at Portland for the formation of a State Consti- tution. The draft then drawn was accepted and Maine became an independent state, March 15, 1820. The vote for William King for Governor was practically unanimous. Baxter Crowell v.'as elected representative to the Maine Legislature. As previously noted the trade of the early days included the sale of liquors to a great extent. The regulation of the sale was In the hands of the town. In 1821, 12 licenses were issued by the town at $6 each, in 1822, 16; in 1823, 34. This was the high water, say rather, the low water mark in the town's liquor business. May 23d, 1823 the first number of the first newspaper pub- lished in the town was issued. It was the Waterville Intelli- 62 HISTORY OF W ATEKVILLE. gencer. It was published by \Vm. Hastings, and printed by John Burleigh. The proprietor, in his first issue, states his satisfac- tion that more than i,ooo subscribers had been obtained and a ])rinter engaged "who to correct morals, and the requisite skill in typography adds a capital sufficient for all the exigencies of his employment." The paper was under the auspices of the college and was designed as a State paper for the Baptist denom- ination. It was able and instructive but local news found small I^lace within it. It became, in 182S, the foundation of Zion's Advocate. The town was growing rapidly. Ticonic bridge, a wooden structure built by private parties as a toll bridge, was opened to the public and the good effect upon the business of the town was apparent. There was competition in the stage business between here and Augusta. >Seth Robins ran an extra stage at a fare of seventy-five cents. The regular line of Washburne mail stages charged one dollar for passage and left "on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 4 o'clock in the morning." An echo comes to us today from the direction of the Cecilia Club, from the "Waterville Branch of the Northern Harmonic Society," John Hovey, Sec, but the echo is not descriptive. We have the very record book of the Ticonick Debating Society, organized September 18, 1824 and including in its membership the leading men in the town. Great questions were investigated by committees and debated with all possible deference to parlia- mentary usage. Among the members were Abijah Smith, R. A. L. Codman, Eben F. Bacon, James Stackpole, Jr., Samuel Wells. Geo. Stickney, William Richards, Alpheus Lyon, Clark Lillybridge, Julius Alden, William Hastings, W. P. Norton, Johnson Williams, Asher Hinds, James Burleigh, Lemuel Paine, Asa Redington, Jr., Eliphalet Gow, Samuel Plaisted, Herman Stevens and others. The next prominent debating society was the Waterville Lyceum, organized in 1837. The secretary and moving spirit in this enterprise was William Mathews. After two years of debate there was silence, broken however, when the Waterville Debating Society was formed in 1841 with M. S. Chase as secretary. This society had a long and influential list of members but after one brief season we read in the record : "Adjourned then to the party." The society has not reas- HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 63 senibled. The records of the above societies are in the possession of E. R. Drummond, Esq. Though Waterville always has been generous in the matter of her pubhc schools, private and corporation schools have been truite a feature of tlie school life of the town. In 1823 Miss Pet- tengill had here a school for the education of young ladies. The next year Mr. John Butler and Miss Lewis opened a school wliich with its modern methods and apparatus won enthusiastic approval. Such teaching has continued from that time to the days of Miss Julia Stackpole and has been a special work of great importance. The Liberal Institute under the patronage of the Universalist church did good work until it became apparent that the field was already supplied. The great freshet of March 25-7, 1826, carried away a part of Ticonic bridge which immediately was rebuilt. The Fourth of July was usually celebrated but the semi-centennial of the Declaration of Independence was observed in a more formal way. The procession formed at Dow's Hotel at 1 1 o'clock and led by a band of music and the Waterville Artillery, Col. John- son Williams in command, proceeded down Silver street, up Back street, (Elm) and down Main to the meeting house where a sensible and patriotic oration was pronounced by Samuel Wells, Esq. Thence to the hotel "where a dinner was served by Mr. Dow in his usual style of elegance and liberality." Timothy Boutelle presided with Moses Appleton and James Stackpole as vice-presidents. Responses were given to thir- teen regular toasts while several volunteers contributed to the rhetorical splendor of the day. In the same year Wm. Hastings established a circulating library of well selected books which were loaned at the rate of four cents per week. In 1S27 Waterville in open town meeting adopted very forcible resolutions of sympathy with the Greeks in their struggle against Turkey. The feeling throughout New England was intense, greater than that aroused for Cuba in her recent struggle for liberty and equalled only by New England's compassion for the slave. The location of the State capitol was under discussion but as the Waterville Board of Trade had not yet been born the capitol 64 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. was allowed to get stranded on the Augusta hills twenty miles below its logical and proper location at W'aterville. For two years Col. Abert, under employment of the U. S. Government, had been making surveys of the Kennebec with a view to secur- ing a waterway to Canada. In 1828 the Colonel recommended the building of a canal around the falls from Ticonic Bay to Kendall's Mills. Local facilities for traveling were improved the same year by the introduction of plank sidewalks. The first theatrical performance given in town was at the old cotton mill on the Messalonskee and the Waterville Watchman, which in an unguarded moment had advertised it, atoned for the error by printing several articles upon the evils of the theatre. Notable events in the year were the erection and opening of ^^'aterville Academy (vid. chapter on Coburn Institute), the ordination of Harvey Fitz as pastor of the Baptist church, an attempt to rob the bank and the accident to "The Eagle.'' In 1830 a village corporation was formed which adopted an extensive and stringent code of "By-laws" and appointed an inspector of police to put them into effect. It was forbidden on penalty of fine to carry a lighted pipe or cigar on the sidewalk or to allow even the chimney of one's house to bum out. The boys were not allowed to play ball or throw snowballs on the street, or "to steal rides on the rear of carts or wagons." The great freshet in 1832 remained for seventy years without an equal. Very cold weather extending to the middle of May kept the frost in the ground, and the snow from melting. Then v.arm weather and five days of continuous rain brought on the deluge. May 22 the river reached its greatest height. Part of tl'.c bridge, the Redington saw mill and other buildings, like many offenders who first and last have gotten out of order, went down to Augusta. The losses along the river were very heavy. June I, 1S32, the "Ticonic" the first steamboat to visit Waterville arrived. This was a stern-wheeler built at Gardiner. It was received with the firing of cannon, the ringing of bells and every expression of jubilant welcome. It was the beginning of steam- boat traffic which increased and prospered until the coming of the railways. The Moors, the Getchells and others were inter- ested in the building and management of steamers and soon quite a fleet was owned here. Sometimes as many as six Waterville steamboats could be seen at the wharves. Rival companies reduced the passenger rates until it became possible to buy a HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 65 ticket from Waterville to Boston for one dollar. Capt. Geo. Jewell is well remembered by many as for many years com- mander of river steamboats. In tlie summer of 1832 Wm. Lloyd Garrison visited Water- ville and gave an address on the slavery question. It aroused great interest among the students who, on the 4th of July formed an Anti-Slavery Society. Their celebration was so boisterous as to call out the censure of President Chaplin. In a second after- chapel address on the subject he compared the noise to the bray- ing of so many wild asses. The students sprang to their feet and demanded that he should retract his charge and then left the chapel. Expulsion was then threatened but the students declared that if one went all would go. President Chaplin and two of the professors then resigned and left the institution. The service of the president had been of the highest order, as the memorial tablet in the chapel testifies he was the "auctor" of the college, and misunderstanding rather thnn fault on either side was the unfortunate occasion of his withdrawal. The citizens seem to have shared the sentiments of the students for in 1 834 we find an anti-slavery society here with 150 members. The fine building of the Universalist church had been erected in 1833. Patriotism and temperance seemed to be on the increase. In 1834 we find Rev. Samuel Francis Smith, pastor of the Bap- tist church, teaching his Stmday school children to sing his great national hymn "'America," and also lecturing on the subject of temperance. The town voted not to license the selling of liquors to be drunk on the premises. Having tried license for several years it came squarely into the no license ranks and was among the earliest of the ]Maine towns so to do. The same year appeared the "North American Galaxy." "A semi-monthly jour- nal devoted to Tales, Essays, Music, Biography, Poetry, Anec- dotes, etc., besides a great many things that it ain't devoted to at all." F. R. Wells and William Mathews were the editors and Daniel Wing the printer. Its ability and wit were beyond ques- tion nor did its support remain long in doubt for in the swan song in the fourth number, the editors cheerfully declare, "The productions of our uncallowed youth shall not rise up in judg- ment against the productions of our riper years." This certainly has been fulfilled in case of our honored Dr. \Mlliam Mathews. Wi iiiftmin (IK WA'i'KHVli l,K, Kdi mnitv vriiifl In* wio n rcoiilciil nf Wnlnvlllr >>li(»\vii\)j Iti ll\r Wiili't vlllniiliiii llir oiiMH' liiillinnl ipmlilii'x nf niliiil wlilili Imvr mililr till niilliv I II II lis >i <)ii |in|Mll!U iltlil xn ||rl|iliil I In "( '.riling nil ill lllr \\ Mill!" Iiim li('||iiii, 1>rs|iil(' llio nrws- imtM'i |ini|i'n' Iwii liic i>iiyltK"», Tills wrts mil vnrtlnl mil imlii \H\(< «lu'ii llii' "Tiiniiio \illtnji' I'tiijiiMrtllnn" Wrto fntiiH'il, iiininlv 111 mTllii' |iiiili'iliiiii iitJiiiitol (iir. l'',iiyliio "Tionnio No, I" W!i>> pin t'liHRi'il (iiiil llic li'iiilliiy clllfoiio 111' tlic liiwii oryiiiii^r'il mi rii^iiu' n>iii|iiiiiv.' All lMi|iitiiiiiil sli'ji ill till' ivliiiliiiin liiBtiiiv of W'ntpi' villi' \V(i> ili'ilicnU'il niul Kov. Tlimu;!' Ailmiix iimtfilU'il i|i» imtlor. [ \ iil, I li«t,riiiiu'l,rii,,iliii|iiii \ 111) Tlip nmiiloi of K.lliiili l'iiii«ti l.iivi'inv n Mi.mi, ill , Wni'iiiln'i "« ^^,\7> I'y tl |ilu sliivci V tlinh, K>>':»ll^ in.-vi.i llio liii?!'!!-* nf VVaICIvIIIp, I.iiVpIuV whs gKulunli'il willl liminl ill llu' »'l(l«'» nf '^ii lit Wiilcrvilli' Onlli'm' iiiiil liiul ■«lin\vii \i\Vi\{ filiilily ivml )»llllin|islll. Ill' ««•» lllr lilKl 111,11 1 M nf (lie OnllpHI? lu lIlP CmiSO of vivillllu'llv. So iIpi'IiIciI w.i'i ill!' ■iinliniriil i-l llir l.>\\ii nil llii' uiiliiccl nl llqiioi' (H'lUiiu." iluit llu- W asliiii|ilniii;iii iciniuiiiim' lunvcuu-iil r Tim mi>iii\it>r< nt ilin t>iiiii|iKi)v In IMH wt>i't> '. Witm'l A)i|il»titn, |tl) UKutjr, ,lititii|i|i (», l'(itt(H»tiH, WllllMiii lliili>lii>ll, .ti'„ .Imm'K IVnvnim, Ui>i>, Winitinnii'lli, ,1111111 \. ttliitilio, laitiii' Wi Wlinolni', .toiiitllinii niniili'v, l,li>\vii|lvit l>\ ('iniiiiiii'K, Knvlil mi«in>v, .liKiMili I'civlvnl, Uili'l llinvKiil, ,lv, Villiiii llllali, ,li\iiin. Ilnaly, ,li',, \V«lli>i ili'li'lii'll, II h Kovlliiii'i, Klii'ii IHi'iMiirtii, Wllllniii U, l"i>iiii«>v, Rll|i|iiili>l Dlliiinii, lv||>lin lliiwni'il, Niiiiiiiiii l'iit>lii>ll, WIIIIkiii II I'l'Hvniiu, silii" Kiilcluill, I'lmrluK II Tlmvpi, l'lillmnl<>i Smilii, ►'•li'" \V. riviii'li, >lnvvl> llniiii'V. MiOfJ WkIi'Iii'II, IM. N U lliiiili>lli>, .liitiiita N, Ui>n,l, WniUwuilli t'liliKiiiiii, l.i'wU I'lKiliittlmi, KiUvm^l It l"l|im, lll««m I', ('hh«Iii«, On>i\ Konlllllii, Uwiili'l ili>lili>i, I' l\ U lillis I4i>iv II Kuly, ,lii\ili Nii'lil, 1 N I'mkoi', II II Kiiiiiiin, ,li«i'|ilU'VVIilHiii(ii, ^'l^llll^)^1>^^^v|^i l'i\liii<, M I4IIII1HI1, ,1) , Mlioil IliiliMiiii, r. >' (llliiinii, lli>i>ii«liiH l>l^lM^I »v\>\ , ^ IMiV It \Mi« llfolvi'il l>\ Uw ■ii>li>i>liii«ii, hvit'iiivi mill li<» It I'li'ih nr llii< lowii i>r \Vnii>iA llli<, ilini ilt<< ii|i|iili itT llii> lnl\«liH»iil« I't •Kill liiwii lii>vi'liitiiiti ii\nii>««iiil 111 llii> lii«(vvn'llim« t>< 111* IU>i>lli>il Mill H, IKI', Miv lit lliit i>|>litliiit i>( llil> liKitiil Pit mitiil lit till' lil«lii'«l tvnin'i'l «• liittliiu llii'li rtmtiilnllnit* 111 « lit«l tvu«i>l ^n llm ln>«» litliitinln lit llll' I'l'l'lllO lit llil« ll'W 11 Itllil fill lllll llltH|llltli«« Itttll Wl'll lll'ltt* i»t mtolt'lv l»i>«i>l\ I'll, Hnn>, lltnl llilK lllllt^^l iltt iml iltmttt II ttin'iimiti v m tuttiKl* »nm w nil llu> |itil>llti niiitil »ti llt>>nt««i ««y itiumtitu wllltlti **M Ittwtt lit W millci* «t Wtiti', KHtiiiU , lltiiii lit' Mity ittltiii' •It'tntit ili'litli* liy ttilitll, Atiit lltMt itit IUiti>» htv liin'i'iiKV (II' w A ri'in u I I Ti^ liillll.l lr;ti|\ ill|l|iiil III ■) llili mill lllr \\ ;ll il \ I lli HI Ul II llllnliuq UB (luil "(iK'nIiiil ipt'lu mill •sltiyK"''" whibo (Imii rvri," Tlir Imvii \Vtl=i slnwlv yiiiwillt! lluii(ii;ll llic rm|i|iiVlllOnl nl' lit) \V:lliM pinvpf, 'rill' l''(iiilmiil(|i|ili.| Rlillllli.l llillllltllM, fll>l|i|llil)l«ll, ilHIIICIIiM niiailiiiilil wlinixliu wtm In iiiiao lllti mImIiIi Hlf <>l«Ui> illU)>l vlolloit aurniiil liiiiioi.»iiiiil ii»i(ln.m.i| Iholi Ihiiinloo liy Inml iiiii|iliiM milv t" llml Hm'I Hi" ilulil iiliU'M hiiil Hill tiiiMii r.iilllil A I lilol liiilll almllMi iiiiil wmImiihio wbip aMi.iiioil. il. Till. I'liiiiiiillliu., ,Iiiliii»iiii Wlllliiiiio, .liiliM It. nillliili.il, Miiino lliiiiaiiiiill, Ulllliiiii Uiilili'i, liliiiinli IMmiiIII, nniiiiiBl MiiiIIiimIhii. .Iiio"|i1i Hill, niiiiiiipl mmtil. 1111111, lliitiKi Niia.iii.UMiiiui. W l'ii.«Mv. "yiii" WliBWlBi, 1'iiioi.liliia HmiiIiI, iIhImi .I'm 111. .111., n illiMiii l.i.iru nil. I .l.iiiiilliMM lliuDlii'i 68 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. the printers. Daniel R. Wing was connected with the paper from the start. This paper has been largely influential in the life of the town. Conservative in its early days it has become progressive in the best sense, being quick to see and to urge what- ever will contribute to the good of the city. Its editors have been men of character and responsibility and in bringing to pass much that is included in the present prosperity of the city the Waterville Mail has had large share.' The difficulties under which it started may be argued from the fact that it took three weeks to get news from the Mexican War then in progress. Its service in the matter of the Centennial has been of the highest order. September 30, 1847, occurred the first and only murder in the entire history of Waterville. Next morning the body of Edward Mathews, son of Simeon Mathews and brother of William Mathews was found in the cellar under what was then Shorey's clothing store, now Learned & Brown's shop. There were no marks of violence upon the body but as demonstrated by Prof. J. R. Loomis of the College, Mr. Alathews had come to his death by poison, a dose of prussic acid having been given to him. The crime was soon fastened upon Dr. Valorous P. Coolidge, a very successful young physician of the town into whose room at the Williams House Mathews had gone on the evening of the murder. On account of the circumstances and the high oosition of the parties involved great interest was awakened. The trial occurred in Augusta in March, 1848. The government was represented by Samuel H. Blake, Attorney-General, and Lot M. Morrill, Hon. Geo. Evans and Edwin Noyes, Esq., conducted the defense in an exceedingly able manner. The jury after being out twenty-four hours rendered a verdict of guilty. Whether Waterville or Augusta should be the terminus of the Androscoggin and Kennebec Railroad, which by the charter of 1845 was authorized to touch the Kennebec at any point between the north line of Waterville and the south line of Hallowcll, was a burning question. Great interests and powerful men favored 1. The paper 1ms rendcreil valuable service In gathering and preserving his- torical and biographical matter, a very large amount of -which it has published. Prof. Asa L. Lane has carefully examined the file of the Mail owned by Mrs Wing, who kindly allowed its use, and has gathered a vast amount of interesting matter which has been freely used in tlie preparation of this volume. Eds. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 69 Augiista. A mass meeting was called at which Timothy Boutelle, Samuel Taylor and Prof. Champlin made addresses. The classical scholar made a great speech and the men of affairs were quickly engaged in the acts which determined that Water- ville and not Augusta should be the great railroad center of INIaine.^ When on July 4, 1848, the annual meeting of the stock- holders of the A. & K. R. R. was held in the town hall, five of the directors chosen were Waterville men. Timothy Boutelle, President ; Jediah Morrill, John Ware, Reuben B. Dunn, W. B. S. Moor. A petition to unite with Waterville that portion of Winslovv lying between the Kennebec and the Sebasticook shared the fate now historic of its successors. The year 1849 saw the practical end of river travel. The A. & K. Railroad was completed and passengers and freight found a new way of entrance. The commencement of '49 was notable for the oration by Theodore Parker, the poems by S. F. Smith and John G. Saxe and the oration for the master's degree by Josiah Hayden Drum- mond of Winslow. Mr. Drummond's subject was "Physical Astronomy." November 27, 1849, the Androscoggin and Kennebec Railroad was finished to Waterville and a grand stockholders' meeting was held in celebration of the event. The first train ever to leave Waterville went down to Readfieid to meet the Portland train. On the return it was greeted with thunder of cannon, ringing of bells and the cheers of citizens. The banquet was held in the freight house, which was thronged with people. Prayer was ofl'ered by Dr. Sheldon and addresses were made by Hon. 1. A railroad song by Silas Eedington was sung at an exhibition of the Liberal Institute Feb. 23, 1847. Tune, "Old Dan Tucker. The first stanza was : We've beat the bush and caught the bird. Now onward, forward is the word, By opposition strong assailed, That opposition now has failed. Chorus. Then clear the track the engine's coming. In forty nine you'll hear it hun Last verse. Now ply the spade and ply the shovel, And bow the hilltops to a level ; Fill up the valley, bridge the stream. And then bring on your iron team. Chorus. Now clear the track for Androscoggin, The steam is up and we'll be joggin. 70 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Timothy Boutelle, Judge Preble of Portland, W. B. S. Moor of Eang-or, then holding the office of United States senator; Lot M. Morrill and several others. In the evening the floor was cleared for a dance which ended the hearty celebration of a very signifi- cant day. The "great fire" of 18.49 swept the business section of the town, about the wharves and mills. The Moors were the heaviest losers. The grocers may be interested in the fact that the delivering of groceries was introduced this year by E. L. Smith as "Smith's Accommodation Grocery Express." A milk route was estab- lished by jMr. Hayward of Winslow. The year 1850 saw the opening of the Elmwood Hotel under the management of Seavey and Williams. The old taverns from the Jackins Tavern of 1795 down, presided over by such genial landlords as Daniel Fairfield, Col. Mathews, Major Bolcom, William Dorr, Joseph Freeman, Levi Dow, Elisha Howard. Deacon Abial P. Follansbee who, on the site of the Elmwood and afterward in the house now the residence of W. M. True, kept a "Temperance Hotel," Cvrus Williams and others had satisfac- torily met the demands of the time. Something on a larger scale became desirable with the growing importance of the town. This was secured and has been maintained by the Elmwood. After its destruction by fire it was rebuilt in 1878 and has been frequently improved until its enlargement during the present year. It has furnished a pleasant home to its many city board- ers, a fine headquarters for convention delegates, a worthy place of entertainment for commencement dignitaries, and the scene of many festal occasions when clubs and college societies have celebrated after their fashion. The landlords of the Elmwood have been : A. D. Seavey, Dr. Fitzgerald, James Osborne, Eben Murch and for the last twelve years Henry E. Judkins to whom its increased efficiency is due. March 10, 1851, Samuel Appleton and Isaiah Marston were appointed a committee to purchase a farm and buildings for a poorhouse establishment, not to exceed $3,000 in cost. June I, 1 85 1, saw the dedication of Pine Grove Cemetery. The earliest place of burial in the town was the high ground HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 7I lying south of Western Avenue near the water works and bordered on three sides by the Messalonskee. Here the McKechnies, Toziers and about forty of the early inhabitants of the town were buried. No stones have marked their resting place, within the memory of present citizens, but the writer has found on the spot pieces of the flat stone usually employed in early times to mark graves. The next cemetery was what is now Monument Park. It early became apparent that this would be entirely inadequate, and after the purchase of Pine Grove the bodies here buried were removed thither and the Soldiers' Monu- ment Association was allowed to place the monument in the center of the park. Pine Grove had been purchased in 1842 but was not prepared for use and dedicated until 1851.^ The church services of Sunday afternoon were suspended. A great throng gathered in the new cemetery whose first open grave received the body of Miss Helena Low. The services were continued by prayer by Dr. Sheldon and addresses by Rev. Mr. Gardner and Prof. J. R. Loomis. An original hymn written by Miss Julia Moor was sung. The town has been well served by the men who have managed Pine Grove Cemetery. In 1854 Samuel Appleton gave eight acres of land as an addition to the cemetery, this has been increased by purchase and by gift until at present (1902) it includes thirty acres. The gift in 1883, by Mr. W. H. Arnold, of $5,000 for the use of the cemetery committee has been of great significance, and has made possible the improvements which are of so great satisfac- tion to the citizens.. Much credit is due to the cemetery com- mittee on which have served C. R. McFadden, K. E. Heath, E. L. Getchell, N. Meader, W. B. Arnold, Frank Redington and H. B. Snell. The semi-centennial of Waterville in 1852 was not celebrated, but the 4th of July was observed by a great procession, an oration at the Baptist church by Moses L. Appleton of Bangor, and a 1. June 6, 1842, tlie town voted tliat Snra'l Appleton, .Joseph Hitchings, F. O. Saunders, Oliver Gardner and Hall Cbase be a Com. authorized to purchase of Win. Pearson eight acres of Land on the Plains for a Burying Ground, payinghim two hundred and fifty dollars therefor, he having the right to tafee off three fourths of the timber standing on the same within one year under their supervision. 72 HISTORY OF WATEKN'ILLIC. collation at the railroad station, when Josiah H. Drummond acted as toasttnaster. The work on the Penobscot & Kennebec Railroad, which was to extend from Waterville to Bangor, began September 27, 1852. It will surprise no one that the building now employed as the high school building dates from the year 1853 and that as it was not constructed for such a purpose it has been unworthily pro- moted entirely out of its proper grade. In 1854 the fugitive slave, Anthony Burns, was carried by armed force back from Boston into slavery. June 3rd the fol- lowing notice was ])osted on the trees along the streets of Water- ville. The Knell of Freedom ! ! The undersigned, not doubting the full sympathy of the citi- zens of Waterville in the fate of Bums, recently remanded into slavery in the city of Boston, take the liberty of calling a public meeting in the town hall at 3 o'clock this afternoon to see if they will have the bells tolled in token of their sym.pathy and also take any other measures in regard to the case. J. T. Champlin Moses Hanscom J. R Elden T. Boutelle J. H. Drummond F. Kimball A most emphatic discussion was held and the bells were tolled for an hour. At the annual town meeting, March 13, 1854, the regular order had been suspended and the Nebraska Resolutions introduced by James Stackpole, Esq., given unanimous passage.^ 1. KE.SOLVED, That the Eighth Section of the Act of Congress by which Missouri was lulniltted to the Union of North American States, which provided for the exclusion of Slavery forever from that part of the territory cedeil to the United States by France, called Louisiana lying north of latitude 36° 30', except said State of Missouri, was in effect and intention a solemn compact between tlie slave- holding and non-slaveholding States, whicli cannot be directly or indirectly repealed, abiogated or impaired, by any action of Congress or territorial or State governuients, without a gross violation of that good faith between the Slave- holding and Free States, on the preservation of which depends the existence of the Union. Resolved, That the bill now pending for the organization anil government of tlie territories of Kansas and Nebraska, whereby it is proposed to abrogate and repeal the socalled Missouri Compromise, is viewed by the people of this town with deep concern and alarm, as tending to destroy all nmtual respect and con- fidence between the members of the Union, and with deep abhorrence as destroy- HISTORY OF \\'ATEK\'ILLE. 73 The fire engine, the ever victorious "Waterville 3" arrived March 3rd, 1854, and on July 4th began her career of conquest by capturing a silver trumpet in a contest at Augusta. J. H. Drummond was foreman, W. A. Caffrey, assistant ; E. L. Getchell, clerk. This engine won trophies for many years and never failed to receive a prize. In November, 1854 telegraphic cnnimunication was established in Waterville. The railroad bridge across the Kennebec, built in 1854, was first used January I9> 1^55- -^ Waterville Library Association was formed in 1854 with Joseph Percival as president.' The Fourth of July, 1855 was celebrated by a great procession and a banquet. Three fire engines, one of them "the Bloomer" witii a company of seventy boys, were in line. Twenty men, and as many ladies on horseback rode forth a vision of strength and beauty. Floral cars and floats with tradesmen at work formed part of the parade. Six pairs of boots for example, were made during its progress. July 30, 1855 the Penobscot & Kennebec Railroad was opened to Bangor. Hon. Timothy Boutelle died, November 12, 1855, and Hon. Stephen Stark, who in many ways had served his town with conspicuous ability, died November 18. These were the days when great public questions were agitat- ing the minds of the people. "The Mechanics' Debating Club" enrolled many young men whose names were to become well known. C. S. Newell was president ; G. A. L. Merrifield, secre- tary ; J. Manchester Haynes. treasurer ; W. B. Marston, E. R. Drummond, C. H. Alden, F. B. Chandler, William Stevens, C. D. Swett, C. M. Emery, Nathaniel Meader, Frank F. Dunbar and others were members. ing the great interests of human liberty, and consigning a vast and beautiful territory, once secured to Freedom to the blight and curse of Slavery. Kesolved, That we have beheld with great satisfaction the stand taken by the Senators of Maine against this tremendous outrage and iniquity; that it will be our pride and glory to sustain them in their noble efforts to save our national character from so foul a blot, and that in such a conflict the father of iniquity could not have bestowed a higher compliment or greater praise on the Senator from Maine, than by attributing to him— simplicity— an attribute which we pray he may preserve— the simplicity of truth, of justice and of integrity, amidst the temptations with which he is surrounded, before which our greatest and best, as well as our meanest and most corrupt Statesmen, have too often fallen." 1. This Association had a course of Lectures in 18.')5-6 with the following lect- urers: Frederick Douglas. Bayard Taylor, .John G. Saxe, Edwin P. Whipple, Mrs. E. Cakes Smith, Rev. T. Starr King, Rev. William H. Milburn, Dr. J. P.Thompson, Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes and Dr. E. H. Chapin. 74 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Waterville was very decided in the matter of temperance legis- lation and when it came to a vote, for the License Law of 1856, there were 18 votes. For the Prohibitory Law of 1858, 292. At the college commencement in 1858, Dr. James T. Champlin became president and John B. Foster was elected Professor of the Greek and Latin languages. S. S. Brown and Sabine Emery were among the graduates. Joshua Nye was busily engaged in that temperance instruc- tion of the children which characterizes his life. From his duties as an official of the railroad he was never too weary to lead the "Cadets of Temperance." On one occasion they presented Mr. Nye a silver goblet, the presentation speech being made by Frank C. Lowe, while the officers of the society, Boutelle Noyes, Fred E. Boothby, W. .M. and R. W. Dunn and Fred C. Thayer, gave him their moral support. The night of August 20, 1859 was made memorable by a fire which destroyed over $12,000 worth of property in mills and machinery belonging to Daniel Moor, W. & W. Getchell and Furbush & Drummond. Waterville's representative in the Legislature, Hon. Josiah H. Drummond, was speaker of the House in 1858. These were years of prosperity in the chtirches. The member- ship of the Baptist church was greatly increased, the Congrega- tional church built an addition to its building and the movement which resulted in the Unitarian church was begun. The sentiment of the town in national affairs is shown by the vote for presidential electors, November 6th, i860, when Abner Coburn and William Willis, the Lincoln electors, received 504 votes to 186 for three other tickets. September 6, i860 was ordained as pastor of the Baptist church, George D. B. Pepper, a man of keen mind, great ability, true and lofty patriotism. Through the troubled days that fol- lowed, his pulpit gave no uncertain sound. Later as president and professor in the college and as a citizen of the highest order, he has deserved the honor which he receives. Note. "Wiiterville Engine No. 3" wfts victorious over the "Victor" at KendalPs Mills, anil at tlie Stiite Fair in Bangor. A reception anil collation was given at the Engine Hall on their return. July 4, 1859, a third silver trumpet was won at Uangor. HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. 75 Waterville gathered as one man in the old town hall, April 20, 1861, to take action concerning the rebellion. Joshua Nye called the meeting to order, Solyman Heath was chosen chair- man, I. S. Bangs, Jr., secretarv-. W. A. Hatch of the college stated the action of the special session of the Legislature at Augusta. Hon. W. H. Weeks of California gave a thrilling speech and addresses were made by Joshua Nye, Edwin Noyes, F. S. Hesseltine, D. L. Alilliken, Rev. Edward Hawes, F. P. Haviland and others. A company of about seventy-five men was fonned on the spot for purposes of drill. Edwin Noyes promised to furnish a drill master for three months. Two com- panies of soldiers were immediately formed, one of eighty-three men under Capt. F. S. Hesseltine, containing fourteen college students, the other of eighty men under Capt. William S. Heath with Francis E. Heath as first lieutenant and John R. Day as second. The first march of the companies was to C. F. Hatha- way's shirt factory, where each man was presented with a pair of French flannel shirts by Mr. Hathaway. On Tuesday, ]\Iay 21, 1861 the companies went to Augusta where they were mus- tered in as Co's. G and H of the Third Maine Regiment which soon was led to the front by its gallant Col. O. O. Howard. These companies gave good account of themselves on the field, were complimented bj^ their superior officers for dauntless bravery and were unsurpassed in the old Third Regiment which bore home on its banner the names of fourteen battles, among which were Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. Sergeant-Major F. W. Haskell was promoted for gallant con- duct at Fair Oaks. Wm. S. Heath was killed at Gaines Mills having risen to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the Ffth Maine. Of him the New York Herald said, "Perhaps no one is more regretted in his division than Lieut. -Col. Heath of Waterville. He was of all men the most consistent, courageous and chiv- alrous. We saw him a little before the battle reading in the shady serenity of his tent a Latin copy of Caesar's Commen- taries." Capt. F. S. Hesseltine rose to the rank of colonel. Lieut. Francis E. Heath became Colonel of the Nineteenth Maine and commanded a brigade at Gettysburg. On that historic field he not only distinguished himself by great bravery, but he and his command rendered a service of the utmost importance at a 70 HISTORY OF W ATKIUILLIi. critical time in the battle. Waterville men were in the i6th Maine when it led the charge at Fredericksburg and suffered at Chancellorsville. At Gettysburg were Capt. W. A. Stevens, Sergeant Edwin C. Stevens, Corporal William Ballentine and nianv private soldiers among whom our French fellow citizens had honorable place. Capt. Isaac S. Bangs, who went out from Waterville in com- mand of Co. A of the 20th Maine, was promoted for gallant con- duct, February 26, 1863, to be Lieutenant-Colonel of the 8ist U. S. C. troops, was again promoted to be Colonel of the loth U. S. C. Artillery and was made Brigadier-General by brevet, March 13, 1865. Among the dead at Gettysburg were many Waterville men ; among the wounded was Sergt. Geo. W. Reynolds. Our soldiers followed the fortunes of war until the end and were in the line which Gen. Chamberlain drew up to receive the sur- render of Gen. Lee. From the western part of the town many soldiers went to the front. Several were in the 3d Regiment and many in the 21st. Among the bravest men who gave his life in the service was Sergeant William W. Wyman, for whom Post No. 97 is named. Throughout the war the soldiers of Waterville acquitted them- selves with great credit. They were brave in battle, patient under hardships, faithful and loyal to duty. If the saving of this Nation and the making possible its magnificent present and its more wonderful future be worthy of credit, then in that credit Waterville deserves a full share. She gave to the service 421 men of whom more than one-eighth died before the war was over. Some incidents of 1864 will indicate how closely Waterville was in touch with the army. Charles R. Shorey w-as promoted to be 1st Lieut. Co. A, 20th Maine. Geo. S. Scammon recruited a company for the nth Maine and went to the front as Captain. September 24, 1864, the body of Henry E. Tozier of Co. I, 8th Maine, was brought home and buried with Masonic honors. Of him Col. now General McArthur said : "We have lost a brave and true man, there was not his superior as an officer in this regiment." June 19. 1864, Capt. William A. Stevens was shot at Peters- burg and lived only an hour. To his brother Edwin he said, "Tell the friends at home that I died thinking of them and that HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. "jy I died calm and happy." Two months later that brother, Sergt.- Major Edwin C. Stevens was killed in the battle for the defense of the Weldon Railroad. At home the loyalty of the citizens was shown in many ways. A soldiers' Aid Association was formed August 28, '1861 with Mrs. G. D. B. Pepper as president ; Mrs. C. E. Hamlin, vice- president ; Mrs. Edward Hawes, secretary ; Mrs. S. Hoag, treasurer. The town was liberal in the matter of bounties, giving at the rate of $100 in 1862 and of $500 for three years' men, July 18, 1864. March 14, 1864, a concert by local talent was given in the town hall for the purpose of starting a fund for a soldiers' monument. At a second concert, The Soldiers' Monument Association was formed with Geo. A. Phillips as president; William A. Cafifrey, vice-president; Daniel R. Wing, secretary; Geo. L. Robinson, treasurer ; and Jones R. Elden, E. G. Meader and C. M. Morse trustees. Annual membership fees were placed at one dollar each for males, and fifty cents for females. When the member- ship fees did not come in rapidly enough, committees made a canvass for members. Thus in 1875 the committee consisted of Col. F. E. Heath, Dr. Atwood Crosby, P. S. Heald, Miss Florence Plaisted, Mrs. L. A. Dow and Mrs. C. G. Carleton. The association continued its work until, with an appropriation of $1,000 by the town,^ it obtained funds sufficient to secure the beautiful bronze statue of the "Citizen Soldier" by Milmore which adorns Monument Park. The town, March 13, 1865, granted the use of the park as a site for the monument which was dedicated May 30, 1876. During the war, the college also had seen dark days. The class of '62 was the largest which the college ever had graduated. Many wore the soldier's uniform, some to be distinguished soon by the soldier's heroic death, some to render long and important service in life's work. Richard C. Shannon became distin- guished in the army rising to the rank of colonel. His affection for the college is witnessed by the Shannon Observatory and Physical Building, his gift in 1887. Another of the class was Edward W. Hall, so long professor and librarian at the college. 1. The town gave an equal amount for a Soldiers' Memorial at West Waterville. 70 HISTOKV OF WATERVILLE. So many of the students entered the army and so many were kept at home by the war that the classes almost reached the vanishing point. The fimds also were very low. Commence- ment Day, August lo, 1864, President Champlin announced that Gardner Colby of Newton, Mass., a former resident of Water- ville. had promised the college $50,000 on condition that $100,000 additional be raised. This secured the continuance and the enlargement of the college. A Sunday school convention held here in 1865 is remembered as the first appearance in Waterville of Samuel Osborne. He had come north with Col. S. C. Fletcher of the 7th Maine. He bore at the convention a banner with the couplet "A man's a man for a' that," a sentiment which by long and faithful service to the college he has proved to a succession of classes and to the public generally. In the same year Dr. James H. Hanson returned to the great work of his life at the institute, though meanwhile he was to fill a very important place in the church and the com- munity. The Waterville Mail declared, in 1865, that the "business of the village is slowly working up town." To the casual visitor it was not apparent that it was working in any direction. The magnificent water power of the Kennebec was contemptuously turning the wheels of one saw and one grist mill. As late as 1867 S. L. Boardman in his "History of Kennebec County" says of Waterville : "The East village is celebrated for its beauty ; the West, (Oakland) for its business." On account of the large development of the manufacture of scythes and axes by the Dunns and others at West W^aterville, this was true and the prospect of growth in the western part of the town seemed much brighter than it did here. Some, however, had confidence in the future of this village. The Unitarian church was built at a cost of $17,000 and dedicated September 4, 1866 with a sermon by Rev. Edward Everett Hale of Boston. The quick charity of the town appeared when, on the news of the great fire in Portland, a meeting was held, $1,448.75 was raised and sent by special mes- senger to the Mayor of Portland. This gift to Portland may seem small in comparison with the gift of Hon. Josiah H. Dnim- mond. Mayor Frederic E. Boothby and many others but it shows our kindly disposition toward the Maine metropolis. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE:. 79 The college class at commencement numbered five, but when we note that one of the graduates was F. W. Bakeman and an oration for the Master's Degree was given by William Penn Whitehouse, we discern the quality of the college work. Rival caucuses in which the West village was unanimous for Abner R. Small for Representative and the East for Reuben Foster, indicated something beside the perfect harmony of the ideal town. For some time it had been apparent to the wisest business men of the place that the day of the old minor industries of Water- ville was past. Something on a new and larger scale was neces- sary or the town would never increase. Quietly a new move- ment was made. The leading spirit in it was George Alfred Phillips, long a prominent and progressive citizen of the town. The water power and shore rights along the Kennebec were owned by about fifty proprietors. Upon this property, at great labor, Mr. Phillips secured options. February 6, 1866 "The Ticonic Water Power and Manufacturing Company" was char- tered by the Maine Legislature, with authority to carry on genera! manufactures. Its members were D. L. Milliken, N. R. Boutelle, T. W. Herrick, C. R. Mathews. C. R. McFadden, E. G. Meader, A. A. Plaisted, Nathaniel Meader, E. L. Getchell, E. F. Webb, Solyman Heath, G. A. Phillips, J. W. Philbrick, I. S. Bangs, Samuel Appleton, W^ B. Arnold, E. R. Drummond, James Drummond and J. P. Richardson. G. A. Phillips was made treasurer and perfected the purchase of the bonded property. In 1868 the Lockwood Dam^ across the Kennebec was built and power leased to Smith & Meader for a lumber mill and to D. L. ]\Iilliken for a grist mill. Over $125,000 of local capital had gone into the enterprise and the great industry for which prep- aration had been made was not yet in sight. The price of stock fell to a very low figure. In 1873 Reuben B. Dunn, who had had large place in devel- oping the manufacturing at West Waterville, bought a controlling interest in the stock of the Ticonic Company. In 1873 plans for a cotton mill of 33,000 spindles were accepted and Mr. Dunn Note. At the Firemen's Muster, Lewiston July 4, 1S66, the Ticonic Ones of Waterville took first prize, a silver trumpet. 1. The Dam was built by Mr. Thomas I. Emery, and was completed Nov. 14, 1868. So HISTORY OF WATERVII LE. with his sons W'illard M. and Reuben \\'. began the construction of the mill. Mr. Amos D. Lockwood became interested in the project and the Lockwood Company was formed. The first cloth was woven in February, 1876. The plant was increased in 1882 by the erection of mill No. 2 with a capacity of 55,000 spindles. Such was the origin of the Lockwood Company, a company which now employs about 1,300 hands with a pay roll of $415,000 per year. Mr. Stephen L Abbott has been the agent of the mills from the start and his son, W. H. K. Abbott, has held the important position of superintendent with signal ability since 1890. The introduction of such a manufacturing industry means much to any city, but in W'aterville it meant a great deal more than its own product. It turned the attention of the people to manufacturing as the fitting use for the great power which was floating past their doors to the sea. The iron foundry, oldest and most constant of Waterville industries was busy. The Hathaway Shirt Factory had been long established and had been of much value to the town, but these had not given the impulse necessary to the development of Waterville as a manufacturing city. The work at the Lockwood Mills brought a large increase to the population, notably of the French people. The first French immigrant to Waterville was Jean Matthieu, who came about 1827. He was the first among the French to have a "framed house," rebuilding a house which had been moved from Fairfield into the "Matthieu house" which stands on the east side of Water street. A little later Jean Marcou settled in Winslow. In the thirties came Peter DeRocher, Abraham and Joseph Roneo and others. When Jacob Pare desired to be mar- ried he was obliged to go with his lady to Whitefield in order to find a priest to perform the ceremony. Mass was said for the first time on the plains by Father Fortier in the old Matthieu house. The Poulins, Lacombes and many others came during the forties. All the immigrants were poor. Several families made shelters by digging into the steep hillside and putting up a rude cabin of slabs as a front. One of the citizens whose wealth now amounts to several tens of thousands of dollars tells how an unsuspicious cow who had strayed upon one of these turf roofs came down through it into the midst of the astonished HISTORY OF WATERVlLLfi. 8l family. As early as 1851 a movement was started which secured the chapel in which the Catholics worshipped until the erection of their large and fine church on Elm street. Peter Bolduc opened the first French store in 1862 continuing in business imtil he sold out to Exear Reny and moved west. He was the first of a long line of trench merchants, many of whom have been successful and have amassed wealth. In the early days there was bitter feeling between the young men of the plains and the young men of the town. The town young men did not go down to the plains with good intent and when the plains men came up town they came in bands strong enough for oflfense or defense, as the case might require. Some- times the French warriors imported some redoubtable fighter from Bangor or Orono to retrieve disaster or to lead their clans to victory. All this is far past. The progress of the French citizens in education, wealth and position has been remarkable. They own their homes and also a large amount of property in stores and business enterprises. They are well represented in the learned professions, law, medicine and theology and have had important share in the city government. To a large degree has the history of the French people been the history of the Catholic church (see chapter on churches of Water- ville) and the noble edifice of St. Francis de Sales church with its convent and its parochial schools, now being enlarged, is a worthy monument to their progress as well as to their devo- tion. His predecessors had wrought well but an unparalleled work in building up his church and its schools and in the civil life of the community, has been done in his quarter century pas- torate by the Rev. Father Narcisse Charland. The Protestant French also are highly regarded. They have carried on an increasingly important church work for many years, have a fine chapel on \\'ater street with good congregations and efficient work in all departments. They have an able and hon- ored pastor, Rev. Paul N. Cayer, who (1902) has been seven years in this church. An excellent spirit prevails between Catholic and Protestant, each recognizing the other's sincerity and his right to worship God according to the dictates of his conscience. 82 HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. The first observance of Memorial Day in W'aterville was On May 30, 1868. The college students, under Capt. R. W. Dunn, marched to Pine Grove. At the grave of Major Geo. C. Getchell prayer was oflFered, at the graves of Capt. Wm. A. and Sergt. Major E. C. Stevens a short oration was given by Mr. J. B. Clougli of the senior class. Halt was made at the grave gi Surgeon Wallace W. West, and the graves of all the soldiers were decorated with flowers. Among the graduates of that year were Julian D. Taylor, who immediately was appointed tutor, R. W. Dunn and L. D. Carver. Memorial Hall and Library Building were dedicated at the commencement of 1869. Ex-Governor Coburn of the building committee, Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, president of the Board of Trustees, President Champlin and Gen. H. M. Plaisted, president of the Alumni Association passed the keys with fitting words and the chief address was given by Rev. Geo. W. Bosworth, D. D., of Haverhill, Mass. That good work was done in the old railroad shops was evidenced when some seventy-five friends gathered at the rooms of Master Mechanic J. W. Philbrick to celebrate the completion of a locomotive built in the shops from his own designs. The signal mechanical ability of Mr. Phil- brick during his thirty-three years of connection with the Maine Central Railroad as master mechanic was of the utmost value to the road. Mr. Philbrick turned the first and also the last piece of iron turned in the old railroad shops. Waterville Sav- ings Bank, which has had not a little to do with the development and prosperity of the city, was organized May 4, i86g with Wm. Dyer as president and Homer Percival as treasurer. Hon. Reuben Foster succeeded Mr. Dyer in the office which he held till his death. In 1874 Mr. Everett R. Drummond became cashier, who still continues a work which has been abundantly successful. In i86g the name of Redington (C. H.) appears in the furniture business and ever since has been prominently identified with the larger business interests of Waterville. October 5, i86g the Ticonic toll bridge was carried away by a freshet. Augusta, fearing danger, sent a crew up river by train. Note. J. H. Monroe's paper mill on the Messalonskee was burned Mar. U, 1868, Involving a loss of about $20,000. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 83 who grappled and captured the bridge at Vassalboro. It had been built in 1835. damaged in 1835 but soon rebuilt. The con- tract for a new bridge was let to a syndicate of Waterville men. Great opposition to the building of an expensive bridge, to be free and without tolls was aroused. Finally a special act of the Legislature was secured and the county commissioners ordered the bridge. It was completed and opened to travel December I, 1870 at a cost of $32,000, of which Waterville paid $26,000. The fine edifice of the Methodist church was built in 1869. The society was not large but as it had within its membership one man, Reuben B. Dunn, who was willing to give fourteen thousand of the eighteen thousand dollars which the building cost, in this instance size was not necessary to success. Decem- ber 30, 1869 Major Henry S. Burrage was ordained pastor of the Baptist church. In his brief but successful pastorate before removing to Portland to become editor of Zion's Advocate, he closely identified himself with the interests of the town, and with A. A. Plaisted organized the Waterville Library Association. Each member paid $3 annually which was expended for books. Colby opened her doors to women in 1871 and Miss Mary C. Low of this town was the first woman to enter. She was gradu- ated with honor in 1875 having shown herself amply able to cope with the young men in all matters intellectual. She is now the wife of Hon. L. D. Carver of Augusta, State Librarian, and their daughter, Miss Ruby Carver, is a member of Colby, Class of 1904. Edwin Noyes, Esq., resigned the office of superintendent of the M. C. R. R. in 1871 and December 28 about 200 of the employes of the road gathered at his home and presented him a costly gold watch as a token of regard. Hon. Reuben Foster, Waterville's representative, was speaker of the House in 1870 and 1871. In 1872 he was president of the Maine Senate. The event of the year 1873 was the division of the town. A petition for division was circulated by Mr. A. P. Benjamin of the West village, chairman of the board of selectmen, and 350 signers were secured. A counter petition was circulated. At a town meeting in W'aterville, January 28, 227 to 130 or a majority of 97 favored division. February 4, at a town meeting 84 HISTORY OF WATERVJLLE. held in the West village, those favoring- division took no part and 393 votes were cast against it. In the legislative committee of nine, five were against division and four favored it. The four urged the distance between the villages, their separate cor- porate capacity, differing business interests, opposition of each to improvements in the other, the struggle over the free bridge with loss to the town of $8,000, etc. The bill for the division was approved February 26, 1873. The name West Waterville was changed to Oakland March 10, 1883. The Waterville Temperance Reform Club was organized April 14, 1873 and within one week had over 200 members. At the college commencement Dr. Champlin closed his thirtj'-one years of efficient labor for the college and Rev. Henry E. Robms, his successor, was installed. Hon, Edmund F. Webb, so long and honorably known as among the ablest of Waterville's lawyers was speaker of the Maine House in 1873 was also in his second term in the Maine Senate president of that body. In 1874 two men came to Waterville who were to have much to do with its business interests. M. C. Foster and Horace Purinton. The firms of M. C. Foster & Son and Horace Purinton & Co. are known all over the State, for many of the largest and most expen- sive public buildings in the State have been constructed by one or the other of these firms. The St. Francis de Sales Catholic church was dedicated June 14, 1874. The Fourth of July, 1874 was celebrated by the boys in their usual manner. By the adults by an oration on the Park by Rev. S. P. Merrill, by a grand dinner in the town hall at which a gold badge was presented to Willard B. Arnold, chief engineer of the fire department. Hon. E. F. Webb presided at the dinner and after dinner speeches were made by President Robins, Dr. F. C. Thayer, R. J. Barry, Hon. Reuben Foster, E. R. Drum- mond, Joshua Nye, Prof. E. W. Hall,, Simeon Keith, C. H. Red- ington and others. At a trial of fire engines, in the afternoon, the Ticonic played 198 feet 6 inches ; the Waterville Three, 185 feet, 2 inches. Fireworks in Nudd field completed the celebra- tion. The gift by Hon. Abner Coburn of $50,000 to the institute was announced at commencement, 1874. The town enjoyed HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 85 during that year the largest "building boom" in its history to that time. The new mill is a part of the explanation. Lamp posts were erected and street lamps were introduced in 1874 and in the same year the wooden railroad bridge over the falls was replaced by the present structure of iron. In 1875 a new town hall was proposed but the town decided to enlarge the old one by adding to it thirty-three feet at an expense of $5,000. The Baptist meeting house was remodelled and improved at an expense of $17,000. The exercises of Memorial Day were for the first time under the auspices of W. S. Heath Post No. 14, Department of Maine, G. A. R. Original hymns by Mrs. M. K. Boutelle and A. L. Hinds were read. Rev. S. P. Merrill gave an address and Prof. J. B. Foster read a poem written for the occasion by Mrs. Atwood Crosby. The Merchants National Bank was organized August 4, 1875 with Hon. John Ware as president ; Geo. C. Getchell, secretary ; Geo. H. Ware, cashier. From the start it has been an important element in the business of the town and never more so than at the present time with Mr. John Ware, son of the first president, as president and Mr. Horatio D. Bates as cashier. The Waterville Free High School was established in 1876. The arrangement by which the town pupils of high school grade had attended the institute having terminated the year before. In 1876 began also the twenty-five years of faithful work of Prof. Asa L. Lane at the institute. His departments in the school involved a broad field but his enthusiasm for nature took him yet farther afield with results shown in the Lane Museum at Coburn and in the delight and instruction of his classes and of all who have heard his lectures. Telephone connection between Waterville and Portland was established in 1878, the first conversation being between Payson Tucker and Geo. A. Alden, March 31st. St. Mark's Episcopal church was opened July 5, 1878, and August 25th the Congregational church celebrated its semi-cen- tennial with an historical sermon by the pastor, Rev. E. N. Smith. The burning of the shank factory on the Messalonskee, March 6, 1879, threw about fifty hands out of employment. Mr. C. R. McFadden closed his eighteen years of duty as postmaster 86 HISTORY OT WATEKVILLE. of Waterville. He had been both efficient and jiopular. Rev. Wm. H. Spencer began his twenty years' pastorate of the Baptist church during which so much was to be wrought for the church and the city. Mr. Gardner Colby died April 2, 1879, at his home at Newton, Mass. He had befriended the college in its darkest hour: by gift and becjuest he bestowed upon it about $200,000 and rightly does it perpetuate his name. While a boy he had lived for a while in Waterville. His father, who had been a shipbuilder, came to Waterville and engaged in the potash business on Silver street. The family home was on Temple street. After the death of the father the family removed to Boston where Mr. Colby won that business success which enabled him to be the princely benefactor of so many important interests in education, religion and philanthropy. The semi-centennial of the Classical Institute was celebrated July 3, 1879, with addresses by Dr. William Mathews and Rev. Geo. B. Gow. Hon. Henry W. Paine, first preceptor, Ex-Gov. Dingley and others spoke in praise of the school and its principal. The event of 1880 in Maine was the "coimt out" by which the Governor, through the throwing out of ballots on technicalities, sought to overrule the will of a majority of the citizens of the State. Meetings of indignation and remonstrance were held and other meetings of approval. January 15, 1880, fifty vol- unteers left Waterville for Augusta, where a clash of arms was expected. Through wise management at headquarters, blood- shed was averted and our soldiers returned home the same day. The Waterville Sentinel appeared in 1880 under the manage- ment of Leger and Robinson. It has won a large place for itself on its merits and under its present owners, W. M. Ladd Co. is worthily influential. A new code of by-laws was adopted by the town, Alarch 14, 1 88 1 (Waterville Records, Vol. Ill pp. 735-748.) Rev. Dr. G. D. B. Pepper was elected president of the college, March 27, 1882. On July 4th, 1882, Hon. Stephen Coburn of Skowhegan and his only son, Charles Miller Coburn, were drowned. Both were graduates of Colby, were true and noble men and were held in high honor. As fitting memorial, Hon. Abner Coburn erected the fine building which since has been the home of Cobum Classical Institute. During 1882 the first steps were taken for HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Sj protection against fire according to modern methods. Permis- sion was secured to use the steam pump of the Lockwood Com- pany in case of fire and pipes were laid and hose purchased for hydrants at the corner of Common, Temple and Appleton streets at their junction with Main. The death of Lieut. Boutelle Noyes, on the U. S. Ship Rich- mond, near Japan, August 29, 1883, brought sorrow to his many friends. He was a gallant officer who had performed faithfully the duties of his station and who gave promise of rising to the highest rank in his profession. In 1884 the town enjoyed quite a building boom, the most important construction being the iron bridge across the Kenne- bec which is still in use. The old bridge had proved too light for the work and was badly decayed. The new bridge was built under the direction of John Ware, S. J. Abbott and the selectmen, Nathaniel Meader, C. E. Mitchell and Geo. Jewell as building committee, and cost $36,863.46. It was paid for by town bonds. That the town was not anxious for city privileges was indi- cated by its refusal to accept the city charter granted by the Leg- islature, by a vote of 344 no to 223 yes. As to the amendment to the State Constitution, prohibiting forever the manufacture, sale and keeping for sale of intoxicating liquors, the vote stood, yes, 563, no, 238. An event of great importance to the business history of Waterville was the securing of the locomotive and car shops of the Maine Central Railroad for this city. There was sharp com- petition and Portland seemed to have the preference. Waterville, however, voted exemption from taxation (practically for twenty years) and raised $7,500 for the purchase of a site. Mr. G. A. Phillips was active in the matter. Mr. W. B. Arnold and Mr. C. E. Gray raised a subscription among the citizens. As a result the shops, among the best in the country, were built in Waterville to the mutual satisfaction of the company and the town. This brought in an industry of the first order, a large number of verj' desirable citizens, is building up a fine quarter of the city and contributed not a little to the making of Waterville as a railroad center. January 4, 1885, Ex-Gov. Abner Coburn died at Skow- hegan, the greatest of our Maine philanthropists. His interest in W'aterville and its educational work was proved by the 88 • HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. $100,000 which he gave to Coburn Classical Institute and the $200,000 which he gave with much of personal attention and labor on its board of trustees, to Colby College. The question of water supply was considered in 1886. A committee consisting of Reuben Foster, Moses Lyford, F. A. Waldron, S. S. Brown, VV. T. Haines, Geo. E. Shores and C. G. Carleton reported against the making of a contract with a private corporation and in favor of assuming the charter of the Water- ville Water Company. This was voted but was afterward recon- sidered and a contract was signed with the Water Company in May, 1887. to run for twenty years. Watervill began her career as a city by the acceptance, January 23, 1888, of the amended city charter, which had been granted by the Maine Legislature. March 4, 1887,^ the vote on acceptance stood 543 in favor, 432 in opposition. March 9th, Hon. Reuben Foster was elected mayor by a vote of 734; S. J. Abbott having 651. Charles F. Johnson was elected city clerk. The beautiful north grammar school building had been erected under the direction of G. A. Phillips, J. D. Hayden, N. G. H. Pulsifer, M. C. Foster, W. T. Haines and the school committee at a cost of $20,000. It was dedicated February 28, 1888. Prof. A. W. Small read a poem "The Building of the School House" by Mrs. Martha Baker Dunn. Early in March the parochial school of the St. Francis de Sales church, through whose doors such a multitude of children were to pass was opened. The death of Edwin Noyes March 23, 1888, at Young's Hotel, Boston, removed a man long prominent in railroad and business circles. The citizens have never become quite reconciled to having the Noyes mansion, in the very heart of the city, closed. September i, 1888, died Gen. Franklin Smith, son of Abijah Smith and grandson of Dr. Obadiah Williams. He was prominent in business circles, not only of the town but of the State. September 9, 1889, Hon. Reuben B. Dunn died at his residence on College street. He had been a leader in the development of the great manufacturing industries at Oakland, the building of the Somerset Railroad, the establish- ment of the Lockwood Company and was its only president until his death. Dr. David N. Sheldon died October 4, 1889. He 1. city charter. Chapter Historical Documents. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 89 as pastor of churches, president of the College, author, member of the school board and a most kindly citizen, had exercised large influence in the community. A representative of an earlier day, Daniel Moor, died February 14, 1890. As merchant, manufacturer and ship builder he had contributed not a little to the early prosperity of the town. Major Samuel Appleton, son of Dr. Moses Appleton and one of the most prominent citizens of the town and also Dr. Nathaniel R. Boutelle, son of Hon. Timothy Boutelle, and long eminent in his profession, died during 1890. Evidently the old order was changing. The men of the town who had given it character and success were passing away, but the men of the new era were at hand. The Waterville Board of Trade had been organized in 1889 with Mayor Nathaniel Meader as president. This board with its successive presidents, M. C. Foster, Frank Redington and Dr. J. Frederick Hill, has done much for the business interests of the town and has had large influence in such important matters as the building of the new city hall, the Waterville and Wiscasset Railroad, etc. Among the earliest, most important and most expensive per- manent improvements made by the city was the construction at a cost of about $100,000, of an admirable system of sewers. The facts of the new business era in Waterville must be reviewed briefly. The Hollingsworth and Whitney pulp and paper mills were established on the east side of the Kennebec in 1892 and have steadily increased to their present immense plant. Though in Winslow, these mills are nearer to the Waterville business center than are the car shops and they are practically a part of the Waterville business resources. Their pay roll of $360,000 annually is in itself sufficient for the maintenance of quite a city. It soon became appar- ent to the merchants that the day of larger business opportunities had come and they enlarged stores and stocks accordingly. The Waterville and Fairfield Railway and Light Company bound Waterville and Fairfield into close connection and brought much business to the city. This company began running electric cars in 1892 one of the first companies in the State so to do. The same company began to furnish power for manufacturing pur- 90 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. poses. The Gamewcll Fire Alarm System was installed Septem- ber, 1892, at cost of $2,300. Later Mr. Frank Chase bought the old Webber and Philbrick water privilege on the Alessalonskee and erected a fine stone dam for electric power. This was sold to the Union Gas and Electric Company and is now connected with the older company. Yet later the Messalonskee Electric Company was formed, Harvey D. Eaton and Walter S. Wyman constituting the company. This company now lights our streets and soon will have large increase of facilities through utilization of the famous cascade at Oakland. This distribution of electric power at cheap rates has greatly increased the business of th0 city. The Riverview Worsted Mills built under the manage- ment of Mr. Thomas Sampson, the \\'hittemore Furniture Company, the Sawyer Publishing Company, etc., mean much to the business prosperity of the city. This development has come largely through the efforts of certain public spirited professional and business men among whom are Dr. F. C. Thayer, Frank Chase, I. C. Libby, Frank Redington, William T. Haines, Thomas Sampson, Harvey D. Eaton, Cyrus W. Davis, W. B. Arnold, Geo. K. Boutelle, G. F. Terry and others. Other events of the decade though fresh in memory should have some record here. Early in 1893 the Waterville Trust Company began business in Masonic Block. This company with its ample capital and its enterprising and progressive manage- ment has been a large factor in the development of the city. The death of Dr. James H. Hanson, who with characteristic energy toiled to the very last, carried personal sorrow to the citizens of Waterville and to the students throughout the nation who had enjoyed the high privilege of his instruction. Of his half cen- tury of teaching he had given forty-two years to Waterville and the Institute is his memorial as well as that of his friends whose name it bears. Associated with him in the work and in the honor of its success is his wife Mrs. Mary Hanson. In 1S95 the College celebrated the seventy-fifth anniversary of its founding as a college with an oration by Dr. Nathaniel Butler of Chicago, his subject being "The College Ideal and American Life." Judge W. P. Whitehouse at the same com- mencement delivered the oration before the Delta Kappa Epsilon HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 91 Fraternity at their fiftieth anniversary. Dr. Butler became president of the College the same year. On Saturday, February 29, 1896, the first public meeting was held in the interests of the public library. Forty volumes had already been given and placed in the office of Harvey D. Eaton, Esq. The library began its work with Mrs. M. B. Johnson as librarian on Saturday, August 22, 1896. She has continued in efficient service to the present time. The library has had abundant patronage and the gift by Hon. Andrew Carnegie of $20,000 for a building makes the centennial year a signal one in the history of the library. The new city hall appears first in a call for a meeting May 18, 1896 "To see if the voters of the city will instruct the city council to build a city hall and opera house this season." Dr. F. C. Thayer was chairman of the meeting which was largely attended. The call seemed to be with reason. The old city hall, the east meetinghouse of 1796 with sundry remodel- lings, was no longer on a plane with the dignity or the demands of the city. The meeting voted in favor of a building to cost $75,000. Of course the citizens were not unanimous as to the wisdom or necessity of such a course. May 4, 1897, the city voted in favor of the special enabling act to incorporate the City Building Commission, 526 to 404. Plans were accepted, the old hall was moved back, contracts were signed and the foundation of the new hall was partly laid when at the instance of conserva- tive or as some said reactionary Waterville an injunction was issued and the work stopped. Certainly the completion of the hall would have carried the debt of the city beyond the constitu- tional limit. Nothing more was done for some time though the Board of Trade and especially its president, Mr. Frank Reding- ton, did not give up the enterprise. Early in 190 1 public meet- ings were held and it was ascertained that the sentiment of the citizens was in favor of the erection of the hall. Mayor Martin Blaisdell favored the enterprise. It was decided by the city council to erect the hall and to raise the amount necessary to pay for it by taxation, the amount to be distributed over a term of years. The building committee consisted of Mayor Blaisdell, Aldermen Gedeon Picher and E. C. Wardwell and Councilman H. R. Mitchell and E. E. Decker. Modified plans by the archi- tect, Geo. D. Adams, were adopted and the contract to erect and 92 HISTORY- OF WATERVILLE. cover the building was let to Horace Purinton and Company. During 1901 $22,500 were raised by direct taxation and with the transfer of funds saved from other amounts $29,800 was paid on city hall. Contracts for the completion of the hall were let to Horace Purinton & Co. The building committee for 1902 con- sisted of Mayor Rlaisdell and Aldermen E. C. Wardwell and G. L. Learned with Councilmen Greaney, Wm. King and Leslie P. Loud. The total cost of the hall will be about $70,000. Mayor Blaisdell through the whole enterprise has given himself without reserve to the work. He has been careful in his con- tracts, constant in his oversight and has rendered an important and permanent service to the city. The builders have given a construction which is a credit both to themselves and to the city. Waterville at last has a city hall of which she may well be proud. Turning again to the year 1896 we note the sudden death, December 19, of F. A. Waldron, Esq., city solicitor, respected and beloved for his ability and high character. Rev. B. F. Shaw, D. D., died March i, 1897. He had been fTie eminently successful pastor of the Baptist church, a trustee of the College and was honored in his denomination for his ability and unselfish ministration. He was the father of Judge Frank K. Shaw of the municipal court. Two events of importance in the temperance history of the city and State marked the year 1897. March 21, a mass temper- ance meeting filled city hall and a petition containing 1,227 n«irnes was presented to Mayor Redington requesting him to enforce the law against the rum traffic in Waterville. March 29, the Christian Civic League of Maine was organized with Principal G. C. Purington of Farmington as president ; Rev. W. F. Berry of Waterville, secretary, and Horace Purinton of Waterville, treasurer. This work has been carried on with great vigor and with encouraging and increasing success. A mass meeting under the auspices of the Board of Trade was held in City Hall April i, 1897, at which the relations between the city and the College were discussed. President Butler spoke at length and several of the leading business men followed. The result was a closer sympathv between city and College than had existed before and a generous subscription in the city to the new chemical building. HISTORY OF VVATERVILLE. 93 The fine Myrtle street schoolhouse thoroughly built by Con- tractor S. F. Brann, under the supervision of J. D. Hayden, was dedicated December 17, 1897. The building committee were Aldermen F. D. Lunt and Geo. K. Boutelle, Councilmen H. C. Prince and S. F. Merrill with S. S. Brown and A. L. Lane of the school board. That gallant soldier of the Civil War, Col. Francis E. Heath, died December 20, 1897. He was worthily honored not only as a soldier but as a public spirited citizen. He introduced the manufacture of wood pulp into Maine, building the first mill for that purpose at Benton Falls. October 19, 1898, Hon. Reuben Foster, first mayor of Water- ville, long a prominent lawyer, Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives and President of the Senate died at his home on Park street. Hon. Edmund F. Webb, the last of the older lawyers of Waterville, died suddenly at the Revere House, Boston, Decem- ber 7, 1898. He also had been mayor of Waterville, Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives, President of the Senate, trustee of Colby, Republican elector and delegate to national conventions. The year 1898 marks an epoch in the history of the United States and of the world through the new position in world poli- tics assumed by this government. The devastation of Cuba by Spain, the destruction of the U. S. Battleship Maine in Havana Harbor, and the failure of diplomacy to secure satisfaction from Spain led to the President's message of April 14, 1898, in which he said, "In the name of humanity, in the name of civilization, in behalf of endangered American interests which give us the right and the duty to speak and to act, the war in Cuba must stop."^ 1. At Its annual meeting Marcli 2S, 1698, the W.iterville Boani of Trade, Frank Redington, President, bad passed tlie following resolutions; "We, the Waterville Board of Trade, fully recognizing and understanding the gravity of the conditions existing between this country and Spain, do hereby adopt the following resolutions : Resolved, That we heartily eomiuend the action of tbe President of the United States in his conservative yet manly and courageous action in the crisis pending with Spain. That we deprecate war and will do all in our power to preserve peace with honor, but we demand the vindication of the nation's honor even though war shoulil be the alternative. 94 HtSTORY OF WATERVILLE. Already the Board of Trade had passed resohitions pledging support of the President's poHcy for the maintaining the honor of the United States and the deHverance of Cuba. On May 2, 1898, Co. H, National Guard State of Maine, seventy-three men, Captain A. T. Shurtleff, left the city to join the regiment at Augusta. The city gave them an overwhelming demonstration of their confidence and patriotic approval. The streets on the line of march were profusely decorated. At the armory Mr. Frank Redington presented the company with a fine flag. Capt. Shurtleff responded. A patriotic address was given by Mr. J. H. McCone. The company was escorted to the station by the Waterville Military Band, Prof. R. B. Hall, leader. Sev- eral fraternal societies, the students of the college, the institute and the high school, and at the right of the line was W. S. Heath Post No. 14, G. A. R., the old soldiers guiding the march of the new. At the platform near the station, prayer was offered by Rev. William H. Spencer, D. D., himself a veteran of the Civil War, who knew what war meant, who in his own body for thirty- five years had felt what it meant. Eloquent addresses were given by President Nathaniel Butler of Colby and by General Isaac S. Bangs, whose heart was thrilled with the spirit of the old days of strife and victory. As the 2nd Regiment was not needed at the front, the com- panies returned home, May 14. Several of Co. H volunteered and were mustered into the 1st Regiment and the 1st Maine Bat- tery. Later several Waterville men saw service in the Philip- pines and the city fulfilled well her part offering vastly more of service than could be received in the Spanish-American War. The establishing of the Whittemore Furniture Co. in 1899, ^"tl of the Rivrrview Worsted Mill in 1900, were events of import- That we can see no way in view of the present state of affairs, knowing that the people are being starved to death not by ones and twos, but by thousands and hundreds of thousands by the action of Spain, except to declare the independence of Cul)a and recognize her ns a free people. That as the finding of the Naval Connnission declares external explosions as the cause of the destruction of the Maine, we demand all possible reparation from the parties who may be found responsible for loss of life and property. That we, the merchants, doctors, lawyers, clerks, business and professional men without distinction of party or class uphold the President in his course, and if war be the result we pledge ourselves to do all in our power in defense of the Stars and Stripes." HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 95 ance in the business histon- of the town. Both of these plants have since been enlarged. 1901 saw the erection of the new City Hall, its corner stone was laid with Masonic ceremonies August 4 ; and the departure of President Butler to the University of Chicago. Dr. Butler had shown himself a public spirited and genial citizen as well as the head of the college. The Alumni Chemical Building with its splendid facilities and equipment was the result of his initiative and enthusiastic leadership. A banquet was given in his honor by the Board of Trade at the Elmwood and expression was given of the high esteem in which he was regarded in the city. The Maine Christian Endeavor Union held its convention in Waterville in September 1901, one of the largest and most suc- cessful in the history of the Union. The death of President McKinlcy was a great shock to the city. A public memorial service was held, September 19th in Monu- ment Park, in which many thousands of the citizens reverently joined. Hon. C. F. Johnson presided. Prayer was offered by Rev. A. G. Pettengill ; addresses were given by President Charles L. White, Rev. Edward L. Marsh, Rev. N. Charland, closing with prayer by Rev. Edwin C. Whittemore and bene- diction by Rev. Dr. Pepper who had shared in Waterville's mem- orial service in honor of President Lincoln, thirty-six years before. A little later the death of Rev. George D. Lindsay, who had been the efficient pastor of the Methodist church for five years and by whose labors the church had greatly prospered, called out an expression of universal regret and sympathy. On Sunday, December 15, the melting of a great body of snow by a heavy rain caused the rivers of Maine to rise to a higher point than at any other time since 1832. Bridges were carried away, the railroad tracks were undermined for miles, streets were channeled to the depth of many feet by the rushing waters. Homes were swept away and their occupants drowned. In Waterville, however, the principal damage was the carrving away of the iron foot-bridge extending from the foot of Temple street to the Winslow side near the Hollingsworth and Whitney mills. This had been built by the enterprise and at the cost of Hon. Wm. T. Haines and Harvey D. Eaton Esq., and although 96 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. it had been opeiH-d for travel but a few days, liad proved itself a great convenience. 1902 has seen the acceptance, on the part of the city, of the ofTer of that munificent and magnificent giver, Hon. Andrev/ Carnegie of New York, of $20,000 for the erection of a building for a free public library on condition that the city raise $2,000 per year for its support. Mr. Elwood T. Wyman, superintend- ent of schools had been in correspondence with him as to the use which a library here would have. The committee had invited him to be present at the Centennial and in the letter announcing his gift was an expression of regret that he could not attend the Centennial. The Centennial. This is the event of 1902. It means much to the city to receive back again so many who have gone out from Waterville to successful and important work in the world. The city is coming by these events into a clearer consciousness of its power and of its possibilities. The century's history has been like that of our New England towns of the first rank, without much that is sensational, but that New England life has leavened the history of the Nation and has done its full share to secure our National progress and present greatness. The intellectual life of the community, with the college as its center, has been of a high order. Thoroughness rather than show has been the ruling principle and this has sent out a great number of men and women to work, not so much for self as for humanity and for God. Reverently do the thoughts of many turn to-day to the great teachers of the earlier day. Chaplin and Anderson and Keely and Loomis and Hamlin and Champlin and Hanson and Lyford and Foster and to others who still live to carrv on important work. Presidents Robbins and Pepper and Small and Whitman and Butler, each did their work and are worthy of their reward. The college and the town have still the advantage of the tried service of professors who have given more than a quarter of a century in far-reaching labors, while younger men with the best equipment of the time are at hand for the enlarging work. The history of the several churches has been such that their influence in the community has been of the highest order while their missionary consecration has borne fruit to the ends of the HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 97 earth. The religious Hfe of the community has been broad, rational, liberal, not highly emotional but thoroughly reliable and in no time of test or crisis has it been found wanting. It has employed its strength not in sectarian controversy but in the doing of the work of the Kingdom of God. The names of Cushman and S. F. Smith and Adams and Cobb and Park and Gardner and Sheldon and Shaw and Hawes and Pepper and Burrage and Ladd and Seward and Spencer themselves declare the quality of religious life which has characterized the town, and, among a large part of our population, while other names are highly honored, especial honor for his long and increas- ingly useful pastorate will be given to Father Narcisse Charland. The deacons and office-bearers in the churches have con- tributed in no small degree to the high esteem in which religion is held in this communit)'. The preaching of noble living from the pulpit has had powerful reinforcement from the pew. The medical profession in Waterville from the time of Dr. Obadiah Williams and Dr. Moses Appleton down to the time of Dr. Thayer has been an honor to the town. It has kept high ideals of professional honor and of the privilege of the profession to render a service to the community, priceless in its helpfulness and Christ-like in its charity. Some members of the profession have attained eminence and wide fame by their success. In the time of war our physicians were there on their errands of mercy, Crosby and Boutelle and West. In the business development of the town our doctors have had large place and the present membership of the profession is worthy of the honor and suc- cess which its leaders have won and to which its junior members will yet attain. The bar of W'aterville has enrolled many men of eminent ability. Few of them have made politics a profession and so they have not risen to high political preferment though we have furnished many leaders to the Maine House and Senate. The old lawyers have come to their graves full of years and of honors, and the young men of to-day have a professional and a political prospect which is unsurpassed. From the date of the establishment of the Masonic lodge in Waterville, Tune -zj, 1820, until now, with the exception of a few 98 HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. years of the Anti-Masonic movement, W'aterville Lodge has had honored place and influence in the life of the town. Many of its members have attained very high rank in Masonrj^ while one who holds a rank atrained by no other Mason in the United States, Hon. Josiah H. Drummond, is still a member of Waterville Lodge. In this and in the many orders which since have come in to take their place and work, again and again has the head of the Maine jurisdiction been found in a Waterville man. The orator of the day, Hon. Warren C. Philbrook, was last year Chancellor Commander of the Maine Knights of Pythias, and the present commander of the Department of Maine, G. A. R., is an old soldier of the 19th Maine, James L. Merrick. The list might be largely extended. The many orders for mutual, insurance, protection, relief and improvement are accomplishing a great deal of good in the community, while that devastating flood of all imaginable evil which the anti-secret society men are ever declaring, seems to have passed us by. The business history of Waterville is important in its attain- ment but more in its prophecy. Even in the eighteenth century John McKechnie, who built the first dam on the Messalonskee and Redington & Getchell, who built on the Kennebec, saw that this was to be a manufacturing center. The early traders under- stood that this was to be the trade center of central Maine. With the passing of the old order of things and the extension of the railroads, it seemed for a while that Waterville was left behind. Had it not been for the public spirit and the business genius of George Alfred Phillips and the executive ability of R. B. Dunn, W.'iterville would not have been what it is to-day. Other men of means and public spirit and administrative capacity were found who brought in the new era. As early as 1839 it had been pointed out that within a radius of five miles of Waterville were fifteen waterfalls, thus afTording power for a manufacturing city of the first rank. Our great manufacturies, our pay rolls of $1,700,000 per year are a definite and well-established and incontrovertible prophecy of the greater things which are to be. The past century has made Waterville a railroad center. The business of the Maine Central Railroad at the Waterville station has increased, since 1879, in ticket business, 400% and in freight HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 99 business, 600%. The coming of the V^'iscasset, Waterville & Farmington road, for which VVaterville citizens have worked so long, will mean much to the business of the city. The exten- sion of electric roaiis will write a new page in the prosperity of Waterville. And for larger things — study the map and your eyes may discern the laden trains of the Canadian Pacific Trans- Continental system rolling through Waterville to the nearest ever-open harbor of the Atlantic. The conditions upon which our grandsires looked in 1802 should give inspiration and courage to us who look into the second century of Waterville's life. They are to us also a chal- lenge. If under those conditions they wrought so well and accomplished so much, what shall be required of us? In order to this grander and larger future, certain things are essential. The intellectual, moral, religious and civic life of the community must be ever higher and nobler. The schools must be well supported and properly housed. The churches must carry forward their work of love which binds man to his brother man and both to God. The laws of the State and the Nation must be kept. We record with gratitude and pride to-day, that only one murder stains Waterville's record for a hundred years and that was com- mitted by one who hardly had been here long enough to be called a citizen of Waterville. For the true prosperity of the city there must be respect for law and enforcement of law. In material things much is yet desired. The old days when every man kept his own store and cried down his neighbor, are past. In order to large individual prosperity there must be gen- eral and corporate prosperity. The public spirit which unites the resource of all for the general good, alone can meet the needs of the new era. The Board of Trade has given example and suggestion in this regard. The prosperity of Waterville is not matter of accident or uncertainty. Let its citizens work together on rational lines and that prosperity is as certain as the laws of nature, which are the thoughts of God. Let the things essential to the more great and glorious future of Waterville be supplied. The railroads needed, will be built, men who know an opportunity will utilize the power of our rivers for manufactures. Let the higher things of the city's L.ofC. lOO HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. life be regarded. The new library must have a fitting site, and is there no land except this sacred spot? The high school which has so well proved its efficiency should have a building worthy of its work. Other schools have like needs. Colby and Coburn should receive large increase in endowment that they may be leaders in the new era. The Fire Department which has had such an honorable past and has such present efficiency should have a suitable central station. We are not discouraged by our needs, they are only proofs of the city's progress and growth by which they have been created. As to their supply : It seems strange that no prosper- ous son of the citv, who in broader fields has gained wealth, has ever given anything to supply some of these needs in his native town. Such gifts would be alike honorable to the giver and to the recipient. But if they come not, then let the city in good, sturdy, self-respecting fashion out of its own increasing revenue supply its needs, and build even higher the enduring structure of its prosperity and its fame. The City Hall yonder, in its beauty, its convenience and its strength which will make memor- able the administration of Mayor Blaisdell. shows what the city can do. The needs of progress are better than the competence of stagnation. This centennial celebration in which, led and marshalled by our efficient chairman. Dr. Frederick C. Thayer, we, as committees and citizens, have worked heartily together, should arouse a spirit which will make larger things possible. Let us go forward to that larger future. In it whatever may come, whatever danger befall our beloved country in this new century of her larger life, the men of Waterville will not be wanting. Her fair daughters still will adorn and make happy her homes, unless induced by men of the right sort to establish in larger but less favored cities, homes of the Waterville order. Our college still will send forth men and women who because they know, can teach, because of what they are, can lead, however rapidly the front line of the world's progress may advance. Yet we pause a moment in our progress, to-day, to salute the men and women of the past from whom we have received our goodly heritage. Only a few of their names could be recorded in this brief sketch but their work abides, their descendents ful- HISTORY OF WATBRVILt-E. lOI fil well their part in the city of to-day and will cherish and honor their memory. \\'e salute Winslow, our mother, still fair in her ever renewed youth and comfortable in her ever increasing prosperity. (Even though she lost her covered bridge.) Sometimes this Mother Winslow, has been a bit cross and severe to her beautiful and somewhat headstrong daughter, Waterville, but on the whole she has been a good mother and has secured her daughter's fond approval. We salute our own daughter, Oakland, regretful that family jars led to her setting up housekeeping for herself and rejoicing in all her new promise of prosperity. We are about building a new railroad in order to make it more convenient for mother and daughter to exchange calls and the light of Oakland shines in our streets by night. Yea, more, as I study the record of the past, and regard the signs of the future there comes before me a vision of a city restored to the limits of the old town of 1771. Winslow, Water- ville, Oakland, together again, bound by the modern hooks of steel, the steam and electric roads, and by interests in common. That city will be strong and efiticient in its great industries, rich in its commerce, grand in its educational institutions, happy in its homes, pure in its civil life and loyal to the brotherhood of man in the service of Almighty God. Of that city it matters little whether the name be Waterville or Winslow or Teconnet, it will be the fair city of our heart's love, of our faith and of our prayers. Meanwhile Waterville. citv beloved and fair, in the words of the old Hebrew benediction "the Lord bless thee and keep thee, the Lord make His face to shine upon thee and be gracious unto thee, the Lord lift up His countenance upon thee and give thee peace." CHAPTER IV. THE CENTENNIAL ORATION By Hon. Waknex Coffin Piiilbrook, A. "M., Lately Mayor of Waterville. The first hundred years of the existence of our municipahty is so nearly contemporaneous with the nineteenth calendar cen- tury that it may not be inappropriate, while we are celebrating our centennial, to glance over that most important period of the world's history and compare present with past conditions, for, though years glide by unheeded and centuries pass into eternity to be forgotten, yet men who filled those years with notable deeds of right or wrong, and events which illuminated the records of the centuries, or stained the pages of the book of Time, still hold their place in the halls of memory. The most correct estimates are those formed by comparison and in order to judge of the conditions of our own national exis- tence a hundred years ago we should scan the conditions, at that time, of our neighbors beyond the sea. And first it should be remembered that monarchies, more or less absolute, then held sway throughout Europe and while some rulers were apparently attempting to ameliorate the conditions of their subjects yet, for the most part, kings and emperors sought wealth and power only for their own aggrandizement. But, as threatening an eclipse of all European government, written across the heavens from Gibraltar to the land of the midnight sun, was the name of Napoleon, whose ambitions were forcing Europe into a general war. The respite from continental struggles granted by the treaty of Amiens was so brief as to be hardly called a respite. The alliance of Paul of Russia with the First Consul had been HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. IO3 abandoned by Alexander I, who succeeded the murdered Paul, and Russia, still exhausted by forty years of ceaseless strife, found herself allied to England, the bitterest enemy of France, under mutual vows to drive Bonaparte from northern Germany and to make Holland and Switzerland independent. Sweden entered the Anglo-Russian alliance and Prussia, with eighty thousand men, fought on the side of the lion and the bear. Austria had already begun war against the Corsican, while in Spain, Ferdinand \'II, who had come to the throne on a wave of absolutism, who had publicly burned the constitution, who had declared the acts of the Cortes illegal and who had restored the inquisition, found himself and his country forced into a coali- tion with the man whose hand was against all Europe. The disastrous campaigns of Marengo and Hohenlinden soon compelled Francis, in behalf of Austria, and in the name of the German Empire, to sign the treaty of Luneville whereby Ger- m.any lost twenty-four thousand square miles of its best territory and three and a half millions of its people. Austerlitz was fol- lowed by Waterloo and the struggle of nation with nation for supremacy on the one hand and independence on the other absorbed the attention of a continent. Everywhere on that side of the Atlantic was heard the martial drum beat, the roar of cannon, and the moans of the dying, everywhere was the war cloud, everywhere was intrigue, plot and counterplot. From this hasty view of that land where monarchies and wars to support monarchies held sway, we turn to the western world in which the youngest nation of the earth had begun the experi- ment of a government "of the people, by the people and for the people." Across our heavens, in letters of glorious light, was written the name of that great patriot who had just closed his eyes on scenes of earth, our own illustrious, incomparable Wash- ington. Upon our soil no king, no potentate, no emperor had set foot. Our institutions were dedicated to the immortal prin- ciple "that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." Than this no statement could have been framed more comprehensive, more significant, more prophetic, when viewed in the light of all that has happened during the century which has just closed. Have I04 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. we had wars? They were not for tlie accjuirenient of territory, the siibj ligation of a nation, or the glory of a king, but rather in defence of the lives of American citizens, for the liberty of American subjects and the down trodden of other races. Have art, science, invention and philanthropy borne fruit ? The golden harvest has not been gleaned by the favored few of rank and station but, in all its bounty, has been laid at the door of the rich and the poor, of the lofty and of the lowly, and herein has the pursuit of happiness been richly rewarded. It is not my intention to dwell upon the wars through which we have been called to pass during the century. Every one was a necessitv and unavoidable. But whether in our chastisement of the piratical Barbary states, our final war with the mother country, our occupation of the halls of the Montezumas. our domestic tragedy in the early si.xties. or the latest conquest of the Spaniard, in every instance the stars and stripes were unfurled in a righteous cause, were defended by gallant soldier^ and sailors and were never lowered until the cause was won. It is rather my purpose to emphasize the victories of peace, tne glorious achievements of invention, the splendid progress of art and science, and the holy conquests of philanthropy. In the development of this purpose I shall not invoke the graces of trope and metaphor, nor seek the aid of eloquence, but rather let the story be a plain, unvarnished tale, only pausing from time to time to emphasize the thought that these things are all the fruit of the century in which our fair city has grown from a struggling hamlet to its present beautiful proportions, a time almost covered by the memory of some who honor me with their attention at this hour. First then let us consider those inventions which have anni- hilated time and space in the transportation of thought and arti- cles of commerce. One hundred years ago no swifter courier than the stage coach and the breeze driven ship brought tidings of life or death, communications as to the affairs of state, or the message of the merchant. The sail waited for the favoring wind and the slow moving wagon was at the mercy of the horse or the oy. when the storehouses of commerce were empty. To Ameri- can ingenuity we owe the first improvement in this condition when Robert Fulton began to navigate the Hudson river by HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. IO5 steamboat in 1807, thereby preceding by five years like naviga- tion on the Clyde and by ten years that upon the Thames. If the nineteenth century had produced no other invention than the application of steam power to navigation it would still have easily held first place among the ages by reason of the material bene- fits which it has bestowed upon mankind. So familiar are we now with the steamboat from the tiny launch to the mammoth floating palaces costing fortunes, that it might seem to the younger generation a fable to say that when their grandfathers left the little hamlet of Waterville to fight the battles of 1812 there were but eleven steam driven vessels in the world, one in England and ten in America. At that time Dr. Lardner, the great English scientist, was reported to have declared that steam navigation could never be made practicable, on account of the great expense of operation, and that no ship could ever cross the Atlantic ocean by steam power alone because it would not be possible to carry coal sufficient for the voyage. And yet, thanks to Yankee ingenuity which our British cousins always reluc- tantly admit, so rapid and so successful was the development of steam navigation that the same learned gentleman, in less than three decades after the trial trip of Fulton's little craft was made, used the following gracious language ; "Among the various ways in which the steam engine has ministered to the social progress of our race none is more important and interesting than the aid it has afforded to steam navigation. Before it lent its giant power to that art, locomotion over the deep was attended with a degree of danger and uncertainty which seemed so necessary and 50 inevitable that, as a common proverb, it became the type and representative of everything else which was precarious and perilous." How great has been that social progress, and in what directions, every one may have some conception who will contemplate the amount of business now done daily by steam vessels, how safely and how swiftly it is done, and how its per- formance brings the markets of the world to our very doors. But we should not forget that steam navigation, grown from the little "Clermont" with a speed of less than five miles an hour to that great ocean greyhound which a short time ago crossed the broad Atlantic in a trifle over five days ; grown from the "Demo- logos" a steam proDelled batterv of two thousand four hundred I06 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. and seventy-five tons to the magnificent ships of the "California" class with a record of thirteen thousand six hundred eighty tons, is a gift of the century whose close we celebrate today. Made first by our English cousins, this same century has also seen the experiment with steam locomotion for railway purposes pass into the realms of established necessities and today we whirl across a continent in less time than one might go from here to New York when Waterville asked incorporation from the hands of the Legislature of Massachusetts. The transmission of thought by telegraph and telephone has new become so common as to excite no comment but it remained for Americans in the nineteenth century, to perfect telegraphy so as to make it practical, and to invent the telephone which was an absolutely unknown factor in the world's progress a little more than twenty-five years ago. None can tell what the future may have in store for those who have abandoned the wire for the transmission of messages and are teaching the whispering airs of heaven to tell the storv of Marconi, but we may well be proud of the fact that American enterprise and American capital have not been sought in vain with which to test the practical value of this latest gift of invention. Descending to what might be called a humbler line I borrow for a moment the words of a noted author who says : "The comforts of life have been immeasurably increased by the uni- versal adoption of things now termed common and indispensable, such as friction matches, gas lighting, electric light and appli- ances, or steel pens as well as modern methods of heating, plumb- ing and construction." But human life, as it now exists among civilized communities, owes still more, perhaps, to our new labor saving machines. Should we attempt to enumerate the inven- tions of the century in this class time would fail and patience be exhausted with the telling. Machines for the working of wood and iron, machines for the spinning and weaving of wool and cotton, machines for the manufacture of hats and machines for the manufacture of shoes, that most marvellous product of American brain, the sewing machine, which one enthusiastic writer declared was the greatest blessing, save alone the Christian religion, ever bestowed on civilized woman ; machines, in short, to do almost everything which was necessarily done by human IIISTOKV OF WATERVILLE. lOJ toil a hundred years ago, are the fruits of a century at whose close we stand. As a natural sequence to the application of steam to trans- portation by sea and land, the last hundred years has seen an enormous expansion of business in which our country has greatly shared. This is neither the time or the place to give extended statistics relating to the commerce of our country, either foreign or domestic, but a few figures may be used to indicate the enor- mous amount of our sales to foreign nations and their increase during the memory of this generation. In many other avenues of industry might the illustration be found but it now suffices the purpose to speak of some exported products. Exports 1S85 1900 Machinery, agricultural implements, instruments and apparatus, $14,893,000 $74,681,000 Other manufactured metals, 5,950,000 41,891,000 Cr'ide iron and steel, (in tons) 13,000 747,095 1897 1900 Copper, $31,075,636 $55,772,166 189S 1900 Reiined petroleum, $51,242,933 $67,740,106 Such figures as these, to the thoughtless mind, are as empty sounds, meaning nothing, but to the student of events, to the intelligent business man they speak volumes. They represent thousands upon thousands of men employed at honest, profitable labor, they represent hundreds upon hundreds of happy homes on which there is no mortgage and for the occupation of which no rent falls due, they represent cities and towns newly sprung into existence and the life of many municipalities which celebrate an anniversary, they mean education and refinement for the masses, luxuries for those who are possessed only of moderate means, enlarged fortunes for the wealthy and in short every material blessing to which man is heir. Great as the advance has been in the realm of invention and commerce, yet an equal forward movement has been made along the lines of science. Only the most passing allusion can be given to this advance, nor indeed is there great need of particu- larizing in the presence of an audience composed of those who I08 HISTORY OF WATF.RVILLE. are so well versed, as this one is, in the development of the times. Some reference is due however, to the great strides taken in the science and practice of medicine and surgery. Imagine, if you please, a patient in the full possession of his senses and with every nerve of feeling alert, bound firmly to an operating table, about to feel the knife and the saw, follow his agony through the necessary amputation of a limb or the opening of a cavity, watch the life blood follow the scalpel, listen to his cries of aiiguish, see him swoon with pain, and then say how great a blessing the nineteenth century conferred on humanity when an American doctor, either Morton, Jackson or Wells, in 1846, dis- covered that by the mere inhalation of pure sulphuric ether the most dreaded of surgical operations may be performed during the happy unconsciousness of the patient. For screaming and struggles and intense suffering under the surgeon's knife, etheri- zation substituted complete exemption from pain, associated in some with the quietude, mental and bodily, of deep sleep ; in others, with pleasing dreams, imaginary scenes and sweet music. And for this great boon the modest physician who first made it possible asked of the world no recompense, no reward. It was simply a gift to mankind, a trophy which science laid at the feet of the nineteenth century, a garland whose perfume filled the air with sweetness for the comfort of all men. In like manner, and with equal largess, have the members of that splendid profession given ungrudgingly the beneficial results arising from the dis- covery of the functions of the blood corpuscles, the germ theory of disease and the use of the Roentgen rays. Boldly let it be said that the century's achievements in invention, commerce and science outnumber like results of all previous centuries within historic time. But when all is said neither the achievements of invention, the growth of commerce, nor the progress of science is at all com- parable with these deeds of philanthropy which the sons of Columbia have made the crowning glory of the century. Their altruism has not been confined to the household of their own faith, nor even to the stranger within their gates, but has been extended to those beyond seas ; has blessed not only the Anglo- Saxon but has thrown its arm about the starving dwellers on the Emerald soil, the dusky sons of Africa and those who live upon HISTORY OF WATERVILLH;. IO9 the islands of the tropics. In 1846 Ireland was afflicted with one of the most dreadful famines known to modern times. Destitution, pestilence and death were seen on every hand. No tongue could tell the sad stories of the time, no pen could chron- icle the awful record of the hour. Then it was that America won her first great victory of peace and challenged the admira- tion of the world. Scarce thirty years had passed since the smoking guns of our warships had humbled the proud flag of George III, and yet the same generation which manned those guns now sailed toward England in one of those same warships laden with food for the starving subjects of the British King. It was not an event of passing importance but was the forerunner of the policy of our country through the years which were to follow. Two decades passed by and we were able to show the world the proud record at home of a race of slaves made free from bondage, even at the cost of hundreds of thousands of human lives and thousands of millions of dollars. To be sure the question of the stability of the Union is said to have been the cause of the Civil War but that stability was threatened on the one hand by southern tyranny and on the other by northern phil- anthropy. In the end the latter came off victor and added another star to America's crown of glory. But it remained for these latest days to witness a spectacle never before beheld by the people of any age, race or clime. In the midst of unequalled material prosperity at home, at a time when peace and harmony cemented the hearts of all the American people as never before, at a time when strife was farthest from our minds, the breeze from off the ocean brought a cry for help. It came not from territory which we had peopled, in the veins of its dwellers ran no drop of our blood, their traditions were not ours, their man- ners and customs were not ours, their ancestors were not ours ; no obligation bound us to them, no claim had they upon us save alone the moral claim to protect the weak, to succor the afflicted and to raise up those who were bowed down by the burden of an unequal and an unjust foe. At the sound of that cry America arose in her majestic strength. Calmly, without passion and without fear she drew around her more closely the white robes of justice, on her fair brow she placed the blazing helmet of love, in her right hand she took the sword of freedom and, calling no HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. uj)on her sons in blue and her sons in gray, went forth upon such a mission as never had been known before since time began. Here was no offensive alliance for gain of lands or treasure, no defensive union for the protection of her own, but as a messenger of the God of nations she went forth to do His will. Recall the myths of earliest times, delve into the legends of prehistoric days, search the records since history began, and tell the world, with proudest boast, if you can find the equal of this philanthropic act of America with which she wrote the closing chapter of our century. ]n the environment of this moment we maw well be proud and thankful for what the years have brought to us and to our fair city. Last night the moon shone fair and bright as 1 passed through yonder walk and paused a moment to contemplate the scene. The hour was late. The fragrant stillness, the lights and shadows, the graceful foliage of the majestic elms, the arch- ing blue of heaven and the perfect verdure of earth formed a picture not soon to be forgotten. From the east came faint sounds of the rushing river on whose banks the tired mill wheels waited a new day of busy, profitable toil for hundreds of our people : the southern sky, bending closely down upon this stately temple of learning told its vacant halls new secrets of the wisdom of the ages for the earnest student of the coming years ; toward the west I saw happy homes where untroubled sleep held the weary dreamers close to its restful bosom ; between me and the northern polar star I saw the church spire standing as a symbol of the moral and spiritual aspirations which characterize so many who have tried to follow the teachings of the gentle Nazarene, and in the midst of all stood that bronze sentinel whose eyelids never slumber. And I said, O city beautiful ! surrounded by all the benefits of the century, by the fruits of its invention and pros- perity, by the advantages of every branch of education, by the benison of pure, enlightened homes, by the benediction of the influence of religion, as long as bronze and stone may withstand the action of the elements, so long may every moral, social and material blessing be thine, so long may thy children at home and abroad love and cherish thee, until all are welcomed to that City ■'■which hath foundations, whose builder and maker is God!" HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. A HUNDRED YEARS. Mrs. Julian D. Taylor. Who will not love his country — the dear land where he was born? And we who love thee, in our pride today will love thee more — Thou who sitst between the seas, with a hand on either shore ; The sunset gold is in thy locks, thy face is toward the dawn. And in thy lap the orchards lie, the vineyards and the corn. Thy mountain heights stand guard for thee; their white crests greet the sun ; League on league ihy forests marshal their serried pines below ; A hundred rivers draw thy streams, rushing sea-ward, as they go With the tribute of thy harvests, and the triumphs thou hast won — Iron fruit of forge and furnace — who hath wrought as thou hast done? The roar of mighty cities, the din of steel-clad ways that meet. And clang and cross each other thou hearest, night and day, But thou art barkening to the children, in their school time and their play. And they grow to fight thy battles and fling beneath thy feet The accursed fraud and falsehood that would mar thy forehead sweet. Thy voice is heard in the Old World ; they listen there — and heed ; — "What child of yesterday is this, that bids us all beware? She waxes bold as beautiful; she has strength and gold to spare;" So they forge their guns and build their ships, and are thy friends indeed ; But England laughs across the sea — "Blood tells — we know the breed!" O well it is to dwell with thee. North or South, or East or West, But in all thy pleasant borders, from the mountains to the sea. The valley of the Kennebec is the place where I would be ; And here's a little city, dearer far than all the rest, — 'Tis her Hundredth Birthday! — cheer her, now. — you who know her best! You who know how fair her homes are, beneath her summer shade. How many churches lift their spires — how trimly court and lawn With verdure charm the stranger's eye, — how cheerily, at dawn. Bell and whistle wake her echoes, — how Time's magic touch has laid 112 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. A spell upon her College walls whose memory shall not fade. Look back on the old Teconnet ; your Waterville lies there, A cluster of rude dwellings in the clearing by the stream. Where the shining salmon leaps, and the prowling wildcat's scream At midnight scares the settler, in his troubled dream aware Of the dreaded Indian war-whoop, and the burning roof-tree's glare. Other days, and other lives, now ! But many a time since then, In peace and war the little town has borne her part right well ; She has her roll of heroes ; some who unrecorded fell. They have passed; but what they stood for, stands. This day we bless the men Who taught, and toiled, and fought for us, with sword and spade, and pen. They have passed — as we shall pass ! Another century will see The green turf growing over our own unheeded dust ; Well for thee, O little city, if some lives, generous, pure and just, Sow in thee today the seed whose bright harvest then shall be A city's crown of glory — a people worthy to be free ! CHAPTER V. EARLY SETTLERS AND THEIR WORK. By Aaron Appleton Plaisted, A. M. From 1771. the date of the incorporation of Winslow, and earlier, to 1802, the date of the incorporation of Waterville, the history of Winslow includes the history of Waterville. When Fort Halifax was built in 1754 there were no settlers. Under the protection of the Fort and induced by the liberal offers of the Kennebec Purchase Co., people began to come in, but slowly. It is supposed that ten years later, in 1764, there were about one hundred inhabitants. How many were on either side of the Kennebec is not known. At first the settlers would naturally keep within the shelter of the fort, but after the Peace of 1763, between England and France, there was less danger from hostile Indi.ins and the little settlement expanded its borders. The two portions of Winslow were known as the East Side and West Side, the latter hamlet frequently called Ticonic and, pity 'tis that the name has not been retained. There is a flavor about the Aboriginal name that is wanting in the hybrid French and English word W'aterville. The name of the Falls has been spelled in various ways : Gov. Shirley, 1754, says Taconett : Parson Smith, 1755. Teuconic ; Gen. Winslow, 1754, Ticonnett; Col. Montessor, 1760, Ticonic ; Judge Lithgow, 1763, Taconick — Teconnet however appears in the treaty of 1603. The name that was proposed for the town we happily escaped. In 1795 a petition was sent to the General Court by the inhabitants of the West Side praying for a division of the town and praying the new town might be called Williams- burgh, perhaps to honor the first signer. Dr. Obadiah Williams. 114 IIISTOUV or WATERVILLE. The first wliite man known to have any connection with the West Side was Richard Hammond, who had a trading house here in 1660, but "as he was so imprudent as to rob the Indians of their furs" he was killed by them as were Clark and Lake who had a trading house in this vicinity seven years earlier. For a hundred years, until the building of Fort Halifax in 1754, his- tory is essentially a blank. Codman, in his account of Arnold's Expedition, estimates the total population above Georgetown, near the mouth of the river, at 500 in 1775. The U. S. Census gives the population of VVinslow in 1790 as 779, of whom E. A. Paine says 479 were on the West Side. In 1800 Winslow had 1,250, in 1810 Winslow had 658 and Water- ville 1,314. It is probable that Waterville began its existence v.'ith about 800 inhabitants and included, besides its present limits, the town of Oakland. In 1791 sixty-three persons on the West Side paid taxes. Ebenezer Bacon, Wm. Brooks and Deacon John Tozier were here as early as 1770. The first had a large farm on the river road on the hill, a little south of the Fairfield line, the latter owned Lot No. 106, according to Dr. McKechnie's plan, where the Elmwood now stands. He prob- ably built the first of the several houses erected on that site. These lots ran from the Kennebec river to the Messalonskee. The next. Lot 105, south of John Tozier, was held by Isaac Temple, north of Temple street. Next on the south, No. 104, by Dr. Obadiah Williams, and then 103, including the water power on Ticonic Falls and the Messalonskee was taken by the old surveyor himself. Dr. John McKechnie. The first settlers on the river road, beginning at the Sidney line, were Wellington Hamblen, James Crommett, Nathan Lowe, Isaac Stevens, Edward Blanchard, Dea. Thos. Parker, Edward Dillingham, Pelatiah Soule, Jonathan Soule. David Webb, Samuel Webb, Silas and Abijah Wing, William Colcord, Her- bert Moore, Asa Redington, Reuben Kidder and Asa Emerson. The splendid water power of Ticonic Falls and of the Messal- onskee was earlv appreciated and was largely the cause of the more rapid growth of the West than of the East Side. Dr. John McKechnie, who surveyed for the Plymouth Co., both sides of the Kennebec from Winslow to Hallowell, built a small saw mill at what we now call Crommett 's Mills: another soon after HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. He was built near the same place by David Pattee, this, before the greater power on the Kennebec was utilized, though Moses Dai- ton seems to have had a small mill of some kind just above this end of the bridge. In 1702 Asa Redington and Nehemiah Getchell came from \ assalboro. In connection with the heirs of Dr. McKechnie who paid half the expense, they built the first dam across the mer. essentially on the site of the present Lockwood dam In r^V ,!. ''""' ■"'"" '^'y '^"^ completed a double saw mill The building of the dam and the necessity for access to the river made that vicinity then and for many vears the center of business. T e building of the Lockwood m'ilis entirely changed Its topography. Front street then was continued 'from k present west end of the bridge to the Plains near the bank o he river, with room on the east side of the road for dwellings house to'theP^-T"" 'r" *^ "PP^"- L-'^--d boarding road tilt r" ^u^ *' '""' '' "°"- '' '' "°t -'y thf 1 oad that has changed but shore and river as well on. ;'""^^^^,y^^'-^ ^So there were two small islands, the upper one. the Healey Island, nearly opposite the Healey house the lower one, Leeman Island. Now they are of much ' r^^^^^^^^^^ rr,; ;".'°" ^'''' ^^^ ^^P^--^^^^ ^™- ^he shore byTn r!: channd" Th°e T''" "'T ^'^" ^^^^ ' ^'^^' -^ ^"^te deep oh nnel. The shore, south of the Lockwood mills, where now ..a thick growth of tall trees and tangled underbru h, a centZ not only for this town but for all the country above came by b^::: IZT"^"^ °^ "'r'^-' ^° ^^"--" -^ thence by Ln^ centr forYl " ^° '^^'^''^'"^ ""^''^^ ^^e distributing r?h M n "^^ r "' °' ^""''^ "^' ''' ''''' ^-ders became lont h r- ,""" ,""^ ''" '■'"^■"^^'- "^-^ ^--- crafts, the "e'ed b?7 "^^' '°"' ^'^'"" ^* '^^^ -^^ '"^- - f-^y boat sttered by a long oar. one tall mast with three or four square sails, drawing but little water, they made a not ungacefuJ nic ure as with all sails set and a good south wind, Zv p tlh d heir way past Fort Point to the landing to disgoro^fheir r;fL° ith r ^' 'r' -^ ™" -^ ^^^^^ o/!:z^\z and umbr The . .""f ""' '°^'^' "'* '^^*- ^'^-^l- IlC HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Asa Redington came in 1792. He has left this record of houses then existing. "When I first came to this place John Lane lived in a shell of a house on the site where Moor's store- house now (1832) stands, and Isaac Temple lived in another old thing on the site where my workshop now stands, both per- haps worth fifty dollars." The Lockwood covers the sites of both these. "There were also two small houses up street, one where or near where the Wood's house now stands, occupied by Ivory Low and the other one where Lemuel Dunbar now (1832) lives. No other building nearer than David Pattee's house and saw mill now occupied by Mr. Crommett. The first mentioned was probably built by Deacon John Tozier, the latter was known as the McKim house. In 1792, probably aided by the new dam, something like what we call a boom was started. In that year Dr. Williams built the oldest house now standing. The ne.xt year Mr. Redington built for himself a small house somewhat above the present Healey house. Mr. Temple moved from his "old thing" to a better one on Front street, near the city hall. The condition of things a few years Itter is shown by the following letter written by Reuben Kidder, the first lawyer on this side the river to Moses Appleton, a young physician seeking a place to settle. WiNSLow, Jan'y i, 1796. "Dear Sir: Rec'd yours of Nov. 23, 1795, Dec. 20, '95, in which you signify your intention of coming into our vicinity soon to establish yourself in the Profession of Physic. You request a little more particular information — "Whether it be a place of much trade?" Answer: Within 50 rods of my office there are six traders, mostly men of considerable business. Within the same distance 30 buildings, including every kind, have been erected (where not one stood before) within 3^ years. Several more are likely to be put up soon. Land sells for 2 Dolls, per square rod. "Is there an Apothecary shop?" — None within 20 miles in any direction and only one within 50 miles that I know of, which is at Hallowell. The stand must be good if any in the county is for an Apothecary. "Is the Country in that quarter rough, hilly, rocky or other- wise?" HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. IIJ- Tlie river roads, above and below, where most of your practice will be, are very good ; from here to Hallowell, i8 miles, there is as good a chaise road as from Concord to Boston, but as the country above is very new, the roads are, I suppose in the spring season, somewhat mirey. We live in quite a level country where stone is hard to be found. "What is the population of Winslow?" I should suppose that Winslow has more than i,ooo inhabitants. Nature has lavished her charms profusely on Winslow ; the situation is the most pleasant on the Kennebeck, but don't expect too much ; we are an infant country, everything yet appears in the rough. If you are inclined to settle with us, the sooner the better. I think the stand will not be unoccupied 3 months. Had you been here the three months past your practice within two miles would have been sufficient to support you 12 months, as we have been remarkably sickly. Dr. Williams is pleased with the idea of your coming and says he will do any thing for you. I shall build an office in 5 months, — I guess you may occupy one end." R. Kidder. This letter seems to have been convincing as the young doctor came the same year. What was once a thriving and profitable industry has long since disappeared and been almost forgotten. That Waterville was ever a ship building port will probably be news to many. Not only long boats, for home use, but schooners, brigs and even ships, were built, some as early as 1794. The abundance of ship timber close at hand made it possible to build cheaply and orders were received from Boston and elsewhere. The shipyard of John Clark was at the foot of Sherwin St., ne.xt above the yard of Nath'l Oilman, then that of Asa Redington and next north W. & D. Moor's built many steamboats. It was necessary to launch them, the sea-going vessels, on the spring or fall freshets ; they were then floated down river to Hallowell or Gardiner, where they received their rigging and outfit and took their place in the commerce of the country, but never to return to the port whence they started. Il8 HISTORY OF WATERVn.I.E. The following is probably a complete list with masters and owners. 1794. Schooner Sally, 92 tons, master, Rillae ; owner, John Gelchell. iSoo. Ship Ticonic, 268 tons, master, Geo. Clarke: owner, John Clarke. 1810. Ship Hornet, 214 tons, master Wm. Fletcher; owner, N. B. Dingley. i8i8. Brig Dingley, 106 tons, master, Thos. Jones; owner, Nath'l Dingley. 1826. Brig Elizabeth, 182 tons, master, John Sylvester; owner, Johnson Williams. 1805. Brig William Gray, 156 tons, master, Gideon Colcord ; owner, Geo. Crosby. 1807. Schooner, Ticonic, 123 tons, master, Daniel Smith; owner, Nath'l Gilman. 1807. Schooner Thomas, 70 tons, master, Levi Palmer; owner, F. P. Stilson. 1810. Schooner James, 117 tons, master, Gideon Colcord; owner, Jas. Stackpole. 1809. Brig America, 136 tons, master, Wm. Pattee ; owner, Peleg Tallman. 1809. Brig Madison, 160 tons, master, Caleb Heath; owner, Wm. Sylvester. 181 1. Brig Hiram, 142 tons, master, Jos. Lemont. 1812. Sloop Aurora, 61 tons, master, Wm. Poole: owner, Asa Redington. 1814. Francis & Sarah, 290 tons, master, T. S. Winslow; owner, Rob't G. Shaw. 1824. Brig Gov. King, 138 tons, master. N. Harding; owner, Nath'l Gilman. 1824. Schooner North Star, 107 tons, master, R. Crooker ; owner, N. Gilman. 1825. Brig Waterville, 178 tons, master, N. Harding; owner, Johnson Williams. 1826. Brig Lydia, 178 tons, master, J. W. Lamont ; owner, Johnson Williams. 1826. Brig Neutrality, 132 tons, master, R. Crooker: owner, Johnson W illiams. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. II9 1827. Schooner Brilliant, 82 tons, master, R. Brown ; owner, K. G. Robinson. 1829. Schooner Martha, 89 tons, master, R. Ellis ; owner, Russell Ellis. 1S35. Brig Wave, 47 tons, master, John Lewis ; owner, J. M. Moor. After the passing of ship building came the era of steamboats. William and Daniel Moor under the firm name of W. & D. Moor were the leading captains of industry in this line. The first was the Ticonic, built at Gardiner. She made the first trip to Water- ville, June i, 1832, and was received with great demonstrations of rejoicing. The Water Witch built by W. & D. Moor in 1842 was the first steamer launched in Waterville. It was quickly followed by others and soon a considerable fleet was plying between here and Augusta and Gardiner. In one season five steamers left the wharf daily. They were flat bottomed, of light draft, with stem wheels, and were of about 42 tons burden. They prospered until the opening of the railroad to Augusta when the doctrine of the "survival of the fittest" relegated them to other scenes. In 1890 an attempt was made by some of our enterprising citizens to restore steam navigation on the Kennebec. July loth the steamer City of Waterville sailed from Bangor for this port. She has not yet arrived. Near its close the era of steamboats was marked by a terrible accident. May 23, 1848, the steamer Halifax, a new boat and the finest of the fleet, was making her record trip to Augusta ; on leaving the lock the boiler exploded and six persons were killed and others severely wounded. Of the dead James Hasty, the pilot, and Vedo Micue, fireman, resided here. In 1802 the only streets were Main, Silver, Mill, Temple and a part of what is now Front street. Main street, where Temple crosses it was little better than a bog with a corduroy bridge over it. From there to Appleton street there was quite a rise ; the level road of to-dav has been made so by filling twelve or more feet. Hn the Plains the only houses were those of Mr. Leeman and Daniel Moor, both near the upper end. The latter is still in 120 HISTORY OF WATEKVII.KE. existence. Of French Canadians, there was then not a single family. Among the first to establish himself here was Peter DeRocher, who built a cabin at the lower end of the Plains, below Grove street in the early thirties. His son Peter carried on the meat business for some years. It is to be regretted that both space and scarcity of material allow mention of but few of the hardy pioneers who laid the foundation of our good city. There were others as well deserv- ing notice as those of whom imperfect sketches here follow. JOHN McKECHNIE. No one of the early settlers was more active and useful and entitled to respectful memory than Dr. John McKechnie. He was a Scotchman, educated as a physician and civil engineer. He came to this country in 1755 ' and was soon employed by the Plymouth Company as a surveyor. His surveys extended from Winslow to Augusta and the titles to property between those cities rest largely on what is known as the McKechnie plan. He married Mary North of Pemaquid, January i, 1760. He was lieutenant at Fort St. George under Capt. John North. In 1764 he was at Bowdoinham, in 1771 he moved to Winslow and in 1775 to this side the river. He built a log cabin on the east side of the Messalonskee near the Crommctt bridge and also a saw mill on the same stream. He practiced his profession and had charge of some of the sick soldiers of Arnold's expedition, 1775. In 1774 and the three succeeding years he was one of the selectmen of Winslow. He had thirteen children, one of whom, Alexander, is the father of Erastus W. McKechnie who lives on a farm on the road to Oakland, which has been in the possession of the family since 1801. 1. In the poasesslon of Mrs. W. Parker Stewart is an ancient account or pocket book bound in leattier. On the first page is written in a very clear hanrl. "John McKeclinle bought this Pocket Book ITiW." The first entry is as follows: "Scotlanfl, Greenock, .July 26th, I'SH. This clay about 4 o'clock afternoon we set sail In tlie Crawford Bridge, Captain Cury, coinninnder, bound for Boston, New England, there being 17 pasengera. And landed all in perfect health Sept. ISth thereafter :it 7 o'clock at night at the Long Wharf, Boston." The book records Dr. McKechnie's marriage .Jan. 1. 1760 to Mary North, daughter of Col. North of Fort St. George and the birth and baptism of their thirteen children. liis account of surveys for the Kennebec Company begins May 16, 1760. Dr. McKechnie cared for a considerable number of soliliers of the Arnold expedi- tion and bis hospital record gives their names, ailments and the treatment em- ployed by him. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 121 A daughter, Rebecca, married Simeon Tozier, whose daughter married Sumner A. Wheeler, whose son, Sumner Wheeler, is now a resident of this city. A son of Simeon Tozier, also named Simeon, married Miss Pullen. Their son, Horace Tozier, a young man of eighty-two years, until within a few years an active member of the fire department, also lives here. Mrs. Caroline Tilton, daughter of Sumner A. Wheeler, is another of Dr. McKechnie's descendants. Mary, a daughter of Dr. Mc- Kechnie, married James Stackpole, 2nd, long prominent in the life of Waterville. Alexander, a son, married Betsy Roberts and one of their daughters, Mrs. Solomon Kimball, was the grand- mother of Mrs. W. Parker Stewart, (Miss Daisy Marston). A daughter of Alexander McKechnie married Mr. Henry A. Shorey. Dr. McKechnie died in 1782 and Vv^as buried on the south side of what is now called Western avenue, on the rising ground a little east of the bridge over the Messalonskee. This was the earliest burial ground and forty or more of the "forefathers of the hamlet" were there laid to rest. REUBEN KIDDER. Reuben Kidder, the first of the long line of Waterville lawyers, was born in New Ipswich, N. H., April 3, 1768. He was grad- uated at Dartmouth College, 1791, qualified himself for the pro- fession of the law and established himself at Winslow in the spring of 179.5, not only the first lawyer here, but the first who had ventured so far north any where in the wilderness of Maine. He arrived four days before Thomas Rice, who, disappointed in having beer anticipated, went to the east side of the river where he passed a long and useful life. Mr. Kidder married Lois Crosby of Winslow. His two sons. Cornelius and Jerome, went to Boston and became wealthy but he left no descendants resident here. His office was on Silver street where a livery stable now stands. He was one of the selectmen of Winslow, 1798. Mr. Kidder was a man of abilities and had considerable busi- ness at the bar. He engaged in various speculations, one of which was the establishment of a smelting furnace and a foundry at Clinton, near which was a bed of iron ore. The writer has 122 HISTORY OK WATERVILLE. seen a large iron crowbar which was made there. Tlie venture was not successful and the capital invested was lost. In 1816, Mr. Kidder was attacked by the "western fever" and emigrated to New Harmony, Indiana. The move was an unfortunate one and he died the following year, 181 7. ASA REDINGTON. Asa Redington was born in Boxford, Mass., December 22, 1761. His father, owner and master of a trading schooner, was dro'.vned in the wreck of his vessel when Asa was eight years old. From that time till he was seventeen he worked on different farms in the neighborhood, working hard and getting but little schooling. In 1778 he enlisted in a New Hampshire regiment and served till the close of the war, undergoing the terrible suffer- ings of the dreadful winter at Valley Forge, and witnessing the close of the long struggle at Yorktown. In 1784 he drifted to the Kennebec and, with his brother Thomas, stopped in Vassalboro. One winter he taught school at eight dollars a month, and quite successfully, which as he quaintly remarks, "indicates the low state of learning in this region at that time." He traded somewhat, going on foot at cnf time to Portsmouth, N. H., to buy goods. September 2. 1787, he married Mary, the oldest daughter of Capt. Nehemiah Getchell, with whom he boarded. He remained in \'assalboro till 1792, "lumbering some, farming some and doing considerable land surveying." In that year both he and Capt. Getchell came to Winslow, west side, and built the first dam across the Kennebec at the Falls, nearly on the site of the present Lockwood dam. Redington and Getchell paying one- half the cost, the heirs of Dr. McKechnie the other half. The next year he built a small house a little north of the house now occupied by the Misses Healey ; a few years later, the exact date not known, he built a much larger one, the site of which is now covered by the Lockwood mills. It was then and for many years ihe largest in town. It now exists as the middle one of the three mill boarding houses. In 1793 in connection with Nehemiah Getchell, he built a large double saw mill, the first on the new dam. He dissolved part- HISTORY OT WATERVirxE. I23 iiership with Getchell in 1799, but continued lumbering on a large scale fcr those days, till 1830, building several more saw mills. In 1831, with his sons, Samuel and William, he bought the Dalton privilege at the end of the bridge, where the electric power station now is, and built a four stone grist mill. He was select- man 1819 and the five succeeding years, and issued the warrant for the first town meeting in 1802. He took an active interest in all town affairs and in town meetings spoke, especially on questions of appropriations, with an earnestness and natural eloquence that made him a match for his superiors in education. He died March 31, 1845, aged eighty-three years. He had nine children, Asa, Samuel, Silas, William, Harriet, Mary, Gtorge, Isaac and Emily. Of these the following were residents of Waterville : Samuel, father of Chas. H. Redington of Sher- win street ; Silas, father of Harriet A. Redington, Sherwin street ; William, father of Sophia A. Redington of Silver street ; Harriet died unmarried: Mary married Elah Esty, a grandson, Elah E. Kimball is living on Silver street ; George died unmar- ried, Emily married Solyman Heath, their children now living arc, Mrs. Helen R. Buck and Mrs. A. A. Plaisted. '^ DR. OB.\DIAH WILLIAMS. Obadiah Williams was born in 1752, probably in New Hamp- shire. He served in the War of the Revolution in the regiment of Gen. Stark as surgeon. At the close of the war he came with his family to Winslow and established himself as a physician on this side of the river, the first in what is now Waterville. He settled on Lot 104 of the McKechnie plan, next north of the falls and e.xtending back to the Messalonskee. In 1792 he built the first frame house that is still in existence, the so-called "Parker house" on the west side of Water street, just above the bridge. He also built, before 1795, on the north side of Silver street, the first two story house in Waterville. It was occupied as a tavern by Fred Jackins and Col. Jabez Mathews. Nathl. Gilman at one time occupied it and several of his children were born there. It was taken down in 1883 and the massive hewn timbers, some of them oak, excited the admiration of the spectators. 124 HISTORY OF WATEIU'ILLE. Dr. Williams was a generous, public spirited citizen and we, today, owe him a debt of gratitude which should not be forgot- ten. The Common in front of the City Hall, the completion of which we are celebrating in these Centennial Days, was deeded to the town of Winslow in 1796. It was given expressly for the erection of a church and school house. The church was built the same year and, very much transformed, still exists as the old Town Hall. The school house too was built on the east side of the Common and the little yellow building still survives in the memory of our older citizens. It outlived its usefulness and one night it went up in flames. Most of the pioneers of the new country, despite the toilsome lives they led, were long-lived, but Dr. Williams died in 1799 at the age of 47, but his memory should be kept green as long as grass grows on the Common. Two of his sons, Johnson and Clifford, were for many years in business here. Clifford was a prominent member and a Dea- con of the Baptist church. His only descendents of the Williams name now living here are Frank Williams, a farmer, Temmia and Annie S. Williams and Elizabeth (Williams) Graves, grand- children of Dea. Clifford. He was buried in the old burial ground on the south side of Western avenue, and in 1810 his remains were removed to the cemetery, now Monument Park. ABIJAH SMITH. Abijah Smith came from Alna, Maine to Winslow, 1794, then twenty-one years of age. He was one of the selectmen of Waterville in 1803-4-5 ^'i<^l was elected town clerk in 1802 at the first election held after the separation. He held the office for twenty-nine years, a good indication of the esteem in which he was held by his fellow citizens. He was appointed postmaster by President Jackson in 1832, which office he held till 1841 when the political overturn and the election of Gen. Harrison retired him to private life. The little postoffice on the west edge of the Common is still remembered by the oldest of us. He married Clymena Williams, daughter of Dr. Obadiah Wil- liams, April 28, 1790. His children were, Franklin Smith, for many years a respected and valued citizen, prominent in politics HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 1 25 and engaged in extensive lumbering operations, Harrison A., for some time a lawyer here, Edwin L. and daughters, Clymena, Susan and Orinda. The descendants of Abijah now resident here are Mrs. Helen S. daughter of Franklin Smith, wife of P.dw. G. Header, Wallace and Alice, children of Harrison A. Smith. In 1800 he was living in the house of Dr. Williams, the so-called Parker house, afterward, and for the greater part of his life, in the large house on Front street, opposite Common street. He died September, 1841, aged sixty-seven years. Mr. Smith was actively interested in whatever concerned the intellectual and social life of the town. His part in the Waterville Social Library and the Ticonick Debating Society was that of a leader. MOSES APPLETON. Moses Appleton was born in New Ipswich, N. H., March i", 1773. He graduated at Dartmouth college, 1791, then taught school in Medford, Mass. and Boston, studied medicine and received his diploma from the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1796. In the same year he established himself in Winslow, induced by a letter from his friend, Reuben Kidder, elsewhere referred to. He lived in, and probably built, the house on Silver street lately occupied by Sumner A. Wheeler. His office and store were directly opposite, being the first apothecary shop in the town. In 1814 this building was moved up across the Gil- man bog to the comer of Main and Appleton street, the site of the house of W. T. Haines. Dr. Appleton lived in it. enlarged and renovated, till 1847 when he built on the corner of Front and Appleton streets. The old house was then sold to Edwin Noyes and moved to the north side of Appleton street. Its next move was across the street where it is now the residence of A. A. Plaisted. Dr. Obadiah Williams was the only physician here and he was pleased to retire and leave the care and toil to a younger man. The life of the country doctor, in those days, was not a pleasant one. Visits to patients twelve and fifteen miles distant were common. Carriages were unknown, roads were bad, but with saddle-bags filled with drugs thrown over his horse's back, the country practicioner rode many miles every week on his errand T26 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. of healing. Dr. Appleton's account book shows charges against ninety-six different persons the first year, the first being against Dr. Williams for pulling a tooth. Not infrequently contracts by the year were made with patients. Jonathan Clark agrees to fur- nish the doctor's family for a year with boots and shoes in return for medical treatment for the same time. Jabez Mathews agrees to give two and a half cords wood for such medicine as he should need for a year. Dr. Appleton was interested in establishing the old Waterville Bank (1814) and was a director many years. In the absence of a regular minister he was frequently called upon to read a sermon in the little yellow school house on the Common. December 6, 1801, he married Ann Clarke, daughter of Capt. John Clarke. Their children were, Louisa, who married Samuel Wells, for a few years a lawyer in this town, afterwards judge and Governor. Samuel, a well-known and much esteemed citizen, who died September 30. 1890, aged 87, Mary Jane, who married Dr. Samuel Plaisted and Moses L., a lawyer of Bangor. A skilful physician, kind and courteous in manner, he was always welcome by his patients as a friend as well as a physician. He died May 5, 1849. •' NATHANIEL OILMAN. Nathl. Gilman was bom in Exeter, N. H., February 15, 1779. A natural born trader, self reliant and intelligent, before he was of age he freighted a vessel with goods and made a trading voyage up the Kennebec. In 1S02 he settled in Waterville and began business in a small way where the Dunn block now stands. His business increased but, more ambitious than the other traders, Mr. Gilman was not satisfied with the local traffic, which, on account of the scarcity of money, was mostly barter, the exchange of dry goods and West India groceries, for farm pro- duce, lumber and fish, salmon being current at 4 to 6 cents per pound. He extended his business to the West Indies and even to the coast of Africa, thus laying the foundations of the fortune which made him a millionaire at the time of his death. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 127 He never sought or received public office. Though not an edu- cated man he was a trustee of Waterville College from its begin- ning in 1821 to his death in 1859. Seldom, indeed, was there a Commencement when his tall form, slightly bowed toward the last years, with his long, white hair hanging over his shoulders, did not appear in the procession. He was the first president of the first bank established in Waterville. Twice married, he had sixteen children, but the only descendant now resident in Waterville is Charles, a child of Charles B. Gil- man, son of Mr. Oilman's second wife, Joanna Boyd. William, one of his sons, was in business with Samuel Appleton in a store a little north of the Common. Elizabeth, one of the daughters, mairied Isaac Redington. They lived on the corner of Spring and Elm streets. Charlotte, another daughter, married Sumner Percival, cashier of the Ticonic and afterwards of the Peoples' Bank. Chas. B. Gilm.an lived and died here, engaged in no busi- ness except looking after his property. The last years of INIr. Oilman's life were spent in New York, though he usually passed the summers in his house on Silver street. He died in 1859. V^ JAMES STACKPOLE. For three generations the name of James Stackpole has been a prominent and honored one in the annals of Waterville. The first James was born in Biddeford, Maine, 1732. His immigrant ancestor was James Stackpole of Sligo, Ireland, who came over in 1680. He came to Winslow about 1780 and at first settled on the east side coming to this side probably, about 1790. He was one of the selectmen of Winslow from 1785 to 1794. In 1787 he was one of the commissioners to settle the line between Winslow and Vassalboro. In 1796 he was town clerk and town treasurer in 1798. Like most of the pioneers he was engaged in various occupa- tions. He carried on a farm on which he raised flax among other things, which was spun and woven into linen under his own roof. He built the second saw mill on the Redington and Oetchell dam and others afterwards. He kept store from 1783 to 1787, 128 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. built several vessels and was interested in various other indus- tries. He was captain of the first militia company. His com- mission, signed by Gov. John Hancock with the bold signature familiar to us from the Declaration of Independence, is in the possession of his granddaughter, Julia A. Stackpole. I:i his diary he records the arrival of the first menagerie that visited Waterville. "July i, 1816. This day is at the village an elephant, a lion and a man without feet or legs and only one arm, playing on violin." The exhibition was in a bam behind Plaisted's Block. He married Abiel Hill, 1754, by whom he had thirteen chil- dren, of w-hom four settled in Waterville. ]\Iary. who married Charles Dingley, two of whose grandchildren, Mrs. Eunice Corn- forth and George Dingley are living here. Jotham, whose daughters, Julia A. Stackpole and Mrs. Elizabeth Soule, reside here. James, bom in Eiddeford, May 28, 1769. married Mary, daughter of Dr. John McKechnie. No descendant of his is now living. Susie (Nudd) Stewart, a granddaughter of Jotham, resides here. The first James was a man of stalwart constitution. November 2^, 1812, he writes "I am this day eighty years old and carried a bushel of corn and grain on my back to the mill." He lived in a small house on Silver street, where, in 1813, he, with his sou James, built the larger house which is still standing though moved a little from its original site. He died September 8, 1824, aged 92 years. The second James was an enterprising and successful trader, lumberman and builder of vessels. His store stood a little below the west end of the bridge, its site being now covered by the Lockwood IMills. He was one of the selectmen of 1822-1823. He had a good reputation as a land surveyor and was appointed in 1810 by Gov. Gore as a commissioner to lay out a road from Augusta to Canada. He surveyed part of it but the road was not built, though later a State road was made from the Forks to the Canada line. He died September i, 1852, aged S3 years. The third James, son of James Jr., was born in U'aterville, November 19, 1798. He entered Bowdoin college, 1816, going thither then and on several subsequent retums by canoe to Hal- lowell. .He studied law. began practice in Clinton but soon HISTORY OF WATfeRVILLE. 1 29 returned and continued for many years in active practice of his profession. He was a member of the State Legislature, 1859, was seven- teen years treasurer of Waterville college and director of the second Waterville bank. A man of strong will and decided opinions, he was never disturbed at finding himself in a minority. He was a constant attendant at town meetings where his vote and voice were always against what seemed to him municipal extravagance. He married, October 31, 1825, Hannah Chase of Fryeburg, and died, ]uh, 18, 1880. leaving no children. CAPT. JOHN CLARKE. John Clarke was born in England, November, 1741. He came to Boston, 1772, and there is a tradition that he was one of the historic Boston Tea Party in 1773. With his son George he came to Waterville, 1797, engaged in trade and built several ves- sels, one of them, the ship Ticonic, 268 tons, being the 2nd largest launched from the Waterville shipyards. He married in Vienna, Austria, Maria Theresa Laske, by whom he had fifteen children. One of his daughters, Ann Clarke, married Dr. Moses Appleton, who is mentioned else- where. About 1803 Mr. Clarke moved to Canterbury, Conn., where he died, August 21. 1834, aged 93. His son George remained in Waterville till his death, July 23, 1823. He built and occupied, about 1808, the house on College avenue, now known as Ladies' Hall. JEDIAH MORRILL. Jediah Morrill was born of sturdy Quaker stock in Berwick, Maine, 1778. though he did not retain his connection with that denomination. He came here in 1799 and his brother Josiah about the same time. Josiah settled on what is known as "the Neck" and several farms in that locality are still held by his descendants. Jediah, hke many of the early settlers, engaged in the three occupations of trading, lumbering and farming, all of which he carried on with success. 9 130 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. His Store was on the west side of Main street where the Barrell store now stands. His house was on the east side of Main street, corner of Common street. The house next adjoining was occu- pied by David Nourse, — both gone long since. About 1840 he built on Silver street where he lived till his death. He soon became one of the leading citizens, foremost in every good work. He was one of the founders of the Universalist church and its most liberal supporter, leaving at his death a large bequest for its continued sui^port. He was for many years a director of the Ticonic Bank, though he rarely, if ever held public office. He did much to originate and carry to completion the A. & K. R. R. of which he was a director. He m.irried Miss Taylor, a daughter of Col. Ezra Taylor, who in 1757 was an officer in the British army. His sister, Mrs. Peace Meader, was a member of his family. She was the mother of Edw. G. Meader and Mrs. Susan L. Hoag. She died 1888, aged 94. Mr. Morrill died December 12, 1872, in the 96th year of his age. ^ COL. JABEZ M.-VTHEWS. Jabez Mathews was born in Gray, Maine, in 1743. Before he finally settled here he had passed through the place. He was in Col. Ward's division of Arnold's army on its march up the river September, 1775. After reaching the Dead River region Col. Ward's command deserted Arnold and returned to Cam- bridge. Mr. Mathews remained at Gray till 1794 when, with his young son£, John and Simeon he came to Winslow. He kept tavern for a time in a house on the north side of Silver street, near Main. It was built by Dr. Williams about 1795 and was the first two-storied house on this side the river. He owned the lot now covered by the Alilliken block, bought of Dr. Williams. He lived in the small house on the east side of Silver street, next below the residence of W. B. Arnold. Col. Mathews died in Waterville, 1828. John Mathews, son of Jabez, was born in 1783. For some years he was a trader in West Waterville in partnership with HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. I3I Samuel Kimball, whose sister he married ; in 1808 he bought a large tract of land on the west side of the Messalonskee which he cultivated till he moved into the village. His children were: Charlotte, b. November 22, 1813, married John S. Carter. Caroline, b. February 16, 1817, married Moses Smart. Susan, b. February 21, 1819, married Johnson Williams. John, b. October 3, 1821. Chas. K., b. November 19, 1823, for many years a bookseller in this city, afterward with his son, Charles W.. in the insurance business. He died in August. 1902. George, b. July 6, 1825. Ann, b. November 13, 1827, married Calvin Davis. Simeon Mathews, son of Col. Jabez Mathews, was born June 8, 1-85. In partnership with Nath'l Gilman he carried on an extensive business in the store on Main street next north of the Common. The kind and amount of their business transactions is shown by their purchase and shipping in one year 6,000 bushels of wheat and corn and 20,000 bushels of oats, all bought of the farmers in this vicinity. In 1826 he built and lived in till his death, the house on lower Silver street now owned by G. F. Terry. The long line of beautiful elm trees on the street shows his generous forethought for posterity. His children were : William, born July 28, 1818. The well known scholar, editor and author, now living in Boston. Edward E., born June 26, 1822. Murdered by Dr. V. P. Coolidge September 30, 1847. Ann E., born August 28, 1824 ; now living in Hartland. Simeon, born May, 1827 ; not living. Jesse R., born September 15, 1830; not living. Climena, born March i, 1833 ; not living. v/ DANIEL MOOR. Daniel Moor was born in Pembroke. N. H., February 17, 1770, and came to Winslow 1779. His father, Capt. Daniel Moor, was with Gen. Montgomery's column that marched to Canada by Lake Champlain to assist Arnold in his disastrous attack on Ouebec. 132 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. His grandfather, James Moor, came from Tyrone County, north of Ireland, 1723. Most of his six sons took part in the VVar of the Revolution. Daniel Moor married Rebecca Spring, i/y". Their children were: Joseph iMarch Moor, born 1798: a business man of Ban- gor where he died, 1866. Agnes Moor, not married, Ijorn October 5. 1800: died June 28, 1 88 1. Julia Ann Moor, not married, born March 11, 1802; died May 9, 1875. She will be remembered as a writer of graceful verses which occasionally appeared in the local newspaper. William Moor, born March i, 1804; died November 24, 1872. Henry Moor, born February 17, 1807. Received a commis- sion as lieutenant in U. S. navy, resigned on account of ill health, went to California where he was killed by a steamboat explo- sion on the Sacramento river, March, 1853. Daniel Moor, bom July i, 1809. Wym.an B. S. Moor, born November 3. 181 1 ; died in Lynch- burg, Va., March 11, 1869. Rebecca E. Moor, born September 13, 1814 : died April i, 1902. She married Freeman Tilton and later Rev. Arthur Drinkwater. Ey her brilliant intellectual powers and high character she won many friends. She was deeply interested in the centennial which she did not live to see. The first house of the elder Daniel was opposite the steam- boat landing. About 1800 he built and occupied a large house which is still standing at the upper end of the Plains. His sons, William and Daniel, under the firm name of W^ & D. Moor, were for a long period prominent among the business men as traders, as boatmen and more especially as builders of sleamboats. In this industry they were easily first. Of the boats employed on the river between Waterville and Gardiner the larger part were owned and run by them. One of their boats was on the Merrimac and more than one on the rivers of Cali- fornia. After the dissolution of partnership William went west and lived in Minneapolis till his death. Daniel remained here and devoted much time to searching for coal and gold which he was confident existed in this vicinity. In 1877 he invented a machine for dredging gold from the bot- HISTORY OF VVATERVILLE. 133 torn of rivers which was tried in Colorado, British Columbia and South America. Its success was not notable. The descendants of the first Daniel now residing here are : Frank A. Moor, son of Lieut. Henry Moor, now living on a farm on the west side of the Messalonskee, and Mrs. N. G. H. Pulsifer, a daughter of W'illiam Moor. , 21st Me. Died at Port Hudson, La., July 24, 1863. Pooler, Peter: Co. C, 28th Mass. Inf. Buried here. Pooler, Jos.: Private, 1st Me., Heavy Art. Died at Ports- mouth July 14, 1864, of wounds. Pooler, Ephraim : Private, Co. E, 30th Ale. Died at Water- ville, October 15, 186S. Buried here. Pooler, Henry: Private. Co. H, 30th Me. Died at New Orleans, July ir, 1864. Pooler, Jos. : Private, Co. E, 19th Me. Died here, January 22), 1887. Buried here. Prescott, E. E. : 21st Me. Died here, April 18, 1874. Buried here. Proctor, Sumner B. : Private, Co. F, Me. Coast Guards. Died here, July 16. 1892. Buried here. Pullen, James Burney : Corporal, Co. E, 30th Me. Wounded at Pleasant Hill, La. Died in prison, April 29, 1864. Quimby, Albert : Private, 30th Me. Died on steamer en route to New Orleans and buried at sea, March 17, 1864. Ricker, James F. : Private, Co. G, 3rd Me. Died at Alex- andria, Va., Sept. II, 1861. Rodrick, Peter: Private, 19th Me. Killed on picket before Petersburg, November 12, 1864. Rice, Thos. G. : Lieutenant, 2nd Me. Cav. Buried here. Roberts, Winslow : Lieutenant, Co. L 14th Me. ; captain, Co. H, 14th Me. ; captain, Co. G, Maine Coast Guards. Died here, June 17, 1879. Buried here. Ronco, Jos. : Private, Co. K, 29th Me. Died in Waterville. Buried here. Richards, Jos. : Private, Co. B, 21st Me. Died here, March 3, 1892. Buried here in Catholic cemetery. Ronco, Abram, 2nd : Private, Co. A, 9th Me. Died here, September 10, 1891. Buried here. 172 HISTCIRY OF WATERVILLE. Ricliardson, Royal: P'rivatc, Co. B, 21st Me. Died here, September 20, 1863. Roderick, John : Private, Co. A, 20th Me. Died here, November 17, 1898. Buried here. Savage, Miner \V. : Corporal, 12th Mass. Killed at South Mountain, September 17, 1862. Simpson, Jos. D. : Corporal, Co. A, 20th Me. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Shepherd, Rich A. : Private, Co. C, 19th Me. Killed in the battle of the Wilderness, May 7, 1864. Stevens, \Vm. A.: Captain 16th Me. Killed near Peters- burg, June 19, 1864. Buried here. Stevens, Edwin C. : Sergeant major, i6lh Me. Killed at the Weldon Railroad, August 18, 1864. Buried here. Sawtelle, John R. : 3rd Me. Died August 18, 1862. Buried here. Scates, Edgar: Private, Co. A, 20th Me. Died at Portland, March 29, 1881. Buried here. Soule, Daniel A. : Private, Co. E, 16th Me. Died here, Octo- ber 13, 1883. Buried here. Stevens, Jason R. : Private, Co. D, 7th Me. Died in Water- ville, 1863. Buried here. Stevens, G. C : 26th Co. Unassigned. Saunders, Theodore O. : ist Sergeant, Co. G, 62nd HI. Died at Soldiers' Home at Togus, July 3, 1896. Buried here. Tilley, George M. : Private, Co. I, 31st Me. Died at Augusta, Me., April 2. 1864. Thayer. Adin B. : Private, Co. B, i6th Me. Taken prisoner at Weldon Railroad, August 18, 1S64. Died at Salisbury prison. Tallouse, Martin : Private, i6th Me. Wounded and missing at battle of Weldon Railroad, October t8, 1864. Tozier, Henry E. : Captain. Co. I, 8th Me. Killed at Fort Holly, Spring Hill, Va., December 10, 1864. Buried there. Tozier, Albert F. : Private. Co. H, nth Me. Died at Water- ville, March 13, 1865. Buried here. Tozier, W. M.: Private, Co. E, 30th Me. Died at Pleasant Hill, La., of wounds, December i, 1864. Buried here. We.st, Wallace W. : Hospital lieutenant, 8th Me. Died here, February 5, 1862. HISTORY OF WATERVILLS. 173 Wyman, \Vm. W. : Sergeant, 3rd and 21st Me. Died of wounds received at Port Hudson, June i, 1863. Woodman, Erastus D. : Corporal, 14th U. S. I. Died at Washington under surgeon's hands while undergoing amputa- tion of his leg. Wheeler, George 1,. : Private, Co. G, 3rd Me. Killed at Chantilly, September i, 1862. West, James O. : Private, 31st Me. Died at Fredericksburg, May 23, 1864, of wounds. Wilson, John B. : Surgeon, 96th U. S. C. I. Died at Dexter, March 15, 1866. Buried here. Washburn, John N. : No record. Wheeler, John M. : Private, Co. G, i6th Me. Wounded at Fredericksburg, December 13. Died December 18, 1862. White, Henry: 2nd Battery, ist Mounted Artillery; ist Cavalry. Young. Eben W. : Private, 3rd Me. Died in prison at Columbus, Ga., March 26, 1864. Young, Eugene H. : Co. H, 3rd Me. Died here, February 19, 1893. Young, Roscoe G. : Private, Co. H, 3rd Me. Died at York- town, Va., April 22, 1862. The long years come and go, And the Past, The sorrowful, splendid Past, With its glory and its woe, Seems never to have been. ***** + * Seems never to have been ? O sombre days and grand, How ye crowd back again, Seeing our heroes' graves are green. Tears will well to our eyes, And the bitter doubt will rise — But hush ! for the strife is done. Forgiven are wound and scar; The fight was fought and won Long since, on sea and shore, And every scattered star Set in the blue once more ; We are one as before. With the blot from our scutcheon gone ! 174 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. The writer began more than four years ago, the preparation of a Hst of the soldiers who served in the Civil War from the town of W'aterville : intending to print the same for distribution among our citizens. It has been a fascinating pursuit, a labor of love ; better, a tribute to the living and the dead of our brave volunteers. In the pursuit of detailed information in regard to the military record of different soldiers, inquiry developed interesting statis- tics in regard to previous wars in which this country has been engaged and in which citizens of Waterville bore a part. These have accumulated until they cover something of the details of the Revolutionary War. the War of 1812, the Aroostook War, the Mexican War, the War of the Rebellion, the War with Spain and the Phillipine War. All too long, the preservation of prec- ious material has been delayed. What has been secured the writer hopes will prove of interest if printed here. Sixty years ago, more than a score of Revolutionary soldiers lived here, who carried all the material in their memory, for a record of their lives. Fifty years ago the War of 1812 could have been intelligently rehearsed by men living. The same is true of the Mexican. The facts, so important historically and so difficult of proof to-day, were rehearsed for years by men whose memory was better than books. Survivors of the Civil War, who went from Waterville, are scattered far and wide over the length and breadth of this coun- try and will never return. The feeling of the writer has been, that it was a duty someone owed to the boys of '61 ; the least of whom, from here, took his life in his hind with his rifle, and living or dead deserves a record. The simple alphabetical list indicates little of the labor required to perfect it, or the great expense of research, copying and rccopying, tyi)ewriting and material. It is not claimed to-day as perfect, but perfection has been aimed at, and if anyone who is interested can discover an error, the writer will be grateful for information. The list contains the name of every soldier who enlisted from Waterville, or who having been born and reared here, left home,, and when war was declared enlisted in another town or state. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 175 The writer trusts the citizens af Waterville will appreciate the list and the labor. Grateful acknowledgments are tendered to the very able and soldierly Adjutant General John T. Richards, and his chief clerk, Thomas Clark, for valuable information and careful revision of the list, as well as to the courteous Colonel F. C. Ainsworth, chief. Record and Pension ofifice of the war department, for valu- able advice and prompt and painstaking replies to all inquiries. Much kindness has also been shown the writer by Hon. Wm. M. Olin, secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, to whom thanks are due for Civil \^''ar and Revolutionary records. Waterville Soldiers in the War of the Rebellion. Aderton, Wm. H., 13th Infantry, volunteer; Alexander, Geo. E., 1st Cavalry, volunteer; Allen, Manley, 19th Infantry, substi- tute; Allen, Benjamin C, 14th Massachusetts, volunteer; Atkin- son, Leroy, 7th Infantry, volunteer ; Atwood, Chas. R., 32nd Infantry, volunteer; Avery, John, 21st Infantry, volunteer. Bacon, Chas., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Bacon, John H., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Bacon, W. H., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Bacon, James R., 7th Infantry, volunteer ; Bacon, George, 7th Infantry, volunteer; Bagley, Alexander, 19th Infantry, substi- tute; Balentine, William, i6th Infantry, volunteer; Balentine, Elijah, 4th Massachusetts, volunteer; Bangs, I. S., 20th Infantry, volunteer ; Barney, Henry, 3rd Infantry, volunteer ; Barrett, Wm. K., 3rd Infantry, volunteer ; Bartlett, Nelson G., Coast Guards, volunteer ; Basford, Andrew J., 19th Infantry, drafted ; Bates, David, 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Bates, Geo. W., U. S. Navy, volunteer ; Bates, John H., 20th Infantry, volunteer ; Bates, Wm. F., i6th Infantry, volunteer ; Benson, Geo. T., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Bickford, Levi S., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Bickford, Bennett, 30th Infantry, volunteer ; Bickford. Cyrus, 20th Infan- try, volunteer; Billings, Hiram. 13th Infantrj', volunteer; Black, Portal M., 7th Infantry, volunteer; Blackstone, Daniel, 8th Infantry, volunteer ; Blackstone, Daniel, 31st Infantry, volunteer ; Blackstone, Chas. H., 32nd Infantry, volunteer; Blackstone, Geo. C, 32 Infantry, volunteer; Blackwell, Sam'l H., 52nd Massachu- setts, volunteer; Blair, John, i6th Infantry, substitute; Blake, ijfi histdrv of waterville. Geo. A. E., 8th Infantry, volunteer; Bodfish, Frank, 2ist Infan- try, volunteer; Boothby, Warren, .yst Infantry, volunteer; Bow, Horace, 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Bowden, Henry H., 21st Infan- try, volunteer; Bowlett, Frederic, 21st Infantry, volunteer; Bow- man, Geo. W., 3rd Infantry, volunteer ; Brackett, Orrin, 6th Bat- tery, volunteer; Branch, Milton M., ist D. C. Cavalry and 1st Cavalry, volunteer; Branch, Chas. H., U. S. Navy, substitute; Branch, Elisha R., U. S. Navy, substitute : Bray, Robert, substitute; Brooks, \Xm. E., l6th Infantry, volunteer; Brown, James, 1st Cavalry, volunteer; Brown, Wm. W., 15th Infantry, volunteer ; Bryant, Geo. H., Coast Guards, volunteer ; Bubier, John, 20th Infantry, substitute; Burns, John W., 19th Infantry, substitute; Bushey, Levi, 8th Infantry, volunteer; Bussford, Andrew J., 19th Infantry, drafted ; Butler, Thomas, 8th Infantry, volunteer. Caldcr, John G., ist Veteran Infantry, substitute; Campbell, Augustus, 19th Infantry, substitute ; Carey, Joseph, 7th Infantry, volunteer; Carson, Chas. J., ist Cavalry, volunteer; Cayouette, Levi, 30th Infantry, volunteer ; Chandler, Henry A., i6th Infan- try, substitute; Chapman, Wm., 8th Infantry, volunteer; Chase, George, 19th Infantry, substitute; Chick, Isaac, 15th Infantry, volunteer; Clark, Albert M., 20th Infantry, volunteer; Clark, Charles, 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Clark, Isaac W., 20th Infantry, volunteer; Clark, Lorenzo D., 20th Infantry, volunteer; Clifford, Selden I., 2ist Infantry, volunteer; Clukey, Chas. H., 13th Infan- try, volunteer; Cochran, Robert, 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Coch- ran, Andrew, 31st Infantry, volunteer; Cochran, Hiram, 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Cook, Moses W., i6th Infantry, volunteer; Copp, Alonzo, 5th Pensylvania Reserves and 19th Regiment Pensylvania Volunteers, volunteer ; Copp, Wm. H., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Corson, Albert, 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Cousens, Prentiss I\L, 12th Infantry, volunteer; Cross, Chas. E., i6th Infantry, volunteer; Cross, Carlostine, I7lh Infantry, substitute; Cross, Joseph, i6th Infantry, substitute; Crowell, Henry, 3rd Infantry, vohuiteer; Crowell, Baxter, 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Cummings, Walter L., 15th Infantry, volunteer; Cunningham, Francis M., 13th Infantry, volunteer; Curtis, James M., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Cushman. .Vndrew J., 8th Infantry, volun- teer. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 177 Davis, Arba P., 31st Infantry, volunteer; Davis, Daniel B., 9th Infantry, volunteer; Davis, Geo. W., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Davis, Octavus A., D. C. Cavalry, volunteer; Day, John R., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Day, Isaac C, 20th Infantry, volunteer; Dearborn, Geo. H., 19th Infantry, volunteer; Deleware, Geo., 30th Infantry, volunteer; Derocher, Chas. W., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Derocher, Henry, 3rd Infantry, volunteer; DeWolf, Wm. H., 1st Heavy Artillery, volunteer; Dore, Henry A., 19th Infantry, substitute; Dow, Levi A., 21st Infantry, volunteer; Downes, Geo. A., 19th Infantry, substitute; Drake, Nelson, V. S. ; Dusty. Frank, 31st Infantry, volunteer; Dusty, James, 8th Infantry, volunteer ; Dyer, Hadley P., 3rd and 21st Infantry, vol- unteer ; Dyer. James A., U. S. Navy, substitute. Eames, Luther N., 3rd Infantry, volunteer ; Ellis, Luther, 6th Battery, volunteer; Ellis, Stephen, 21st Infantry, volunteer; Ellis, Sullivan. 21st Infantry, volunteer; Ellis, Dighton, ist Maine \'eteran Infantry, volunteer; Emery, Fanuel H., 20th Infantry, volunteer; Emery, John W., 26th Massachusetts, vol- unteer; Emery, Nath'l S., D. C. Cavalry, volunteer; Emery, Samuel D.. 14th Massachusetts, volunteer; Enman, Paul, 30th Infantry, volunteer; Euarde, Paulette, 9th Infantry, volunteer; Evans, Leander H., 8th Infantry, substitute. Fairbanks, Henry L., 3rd Infantry, volunteer ; Fairbanks, Henry N.. 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Farrington, Chas. A., 31st Infantry, volunteer; Fenno, Chas. A., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Fish, Hiram, 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Folsom, Samuel P., ist Infantry, volunteer ; Foster, Dennis M., 20 Infantry, volunteer ; Frazier, Dudley C, 1st Heavy Artillery, volunteer; Frizzle, Geo. B., Coast Guards, volunteer ; Frost, Henry M., 7th Infantry, volunteer ; Fuller, Franklin Z., U. S. Navy, substitute. Galusha. Cyrus C, 13th Infantry, volunteer; Garland, John, Jr.. 2ist Infantry, volunteer; Garney, George, ist Cavalry, vol- imteer ; Gayrough, George, 7th Infantry, volunteer; Gerald, Ezekiel, 20th Infantry, volunteer ; Gerough, Joseph, 30th Infan- try, volunteer; Getchell, Frank H., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Getchell, Geo. C, 20th Infantry, volunteer; Getchell, Marshall P., gth Infantry, volunteer; Gibbs, John F., 31st Infantry and 178 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. i6th Massachusetts, volunteer; Gibbs, Thomas A., i6th Infantry, voUinteer; Gibbs, David B., 14th Infantry, volunteer; Gibbs, David B., Jr., 14th Infantry, volunteer; Gibbs, John F., i6th Massachusetts, volunteer; Gilbear, Chas., 7th Infantry, volun- teer; Gilcott, Frank, 31st Infantry, volunteer; Gleason, Russell, 2ist Infantry, volunteer; Gleason, Geo. R., 21st Infantry, volun- teer; Goff, Alonzo, 2ist Infantry, volunteer; Goflf, Alonzo, 31st Infantry, volunteer; Gonnea, Geo., 9th Infantry, volunteer; Goodrich, Daniel, drafted ; Goodridge, Foster, 1st Veteran Infan- try, volunteer; Goodwin, John F., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Gordon, Edmund, 2nd Infantry, volunteer; Goulding, Henry, 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Gray, Albert J., 19th Infantry, substi- tute ; Gullifer, Moses H., D. C. Cavalry, volunteer. Haines, Samuel J., Lieutenant U. S. Navy, volunteer; Ham, Wm. H., 31st Infantry, volunteer; Hamblen, Samuel, 3rd Infan- try, volunteer; Hanuth, John H., \'. S., volunteer; Haskell, Frank W., 3rd Infantry, volunteer ; Hatch, Frederick C., t). C. Cavalry, volunteer ; Hatch, Joseph H., 20th Infantry, volunteer ; Hatch, Wm. A., 3rd Infantry; volunteer; Havves, Wilson, 19th Infantry, substitute; Heath, Wm. S., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Heath, Francis E., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Henrickson, Chas. A., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Herbert, Edward B., ist Maine Cavalry, volunteer ; Herbert, Thos. G., U. S. Navy, substitute ; Herrick, Algernon P., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Hersom, Milford, 3rd Infantry; volunteer; Hersom, Samuel T., 21st Infantry, vol- imteer; Hersom, Wm. H., 21st Infantry, volunteer; Hesseltine, Frank S., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Higgins, Albert H., 1st Cav- alry, volunteer; Hill, George, substitute; Hitchings, Frank E., i6th Infantry, volunteer; Hodgdon, John S., nth Infantry, vol- unteer; Horn, Hiram, 17th Infantry; drafted; Horn, Llewellyn, 15th Infantry, volunteer; Houghton, Daniel F., i6th Infantry, volunteer; Howes, Wilson, 19th Infantry, volunteer; Huard, Paul, 9th Infantry, volunteer ; Hubbard, Albro, 3rd Infantry, volunteer: Hubbard, Geo. W., 21st Infantry, volunteer; Hub- bard, John W., 2ist Infantry, volunteer; Hutchins, Parker P., 20th Infantry, volunteer. James, Isaiah H., 3rd Infantry, volunteer ; James, John O., U. S. Navy, volunteer ; Jibbear, Chas., 7th Infantry ; volunteer ; HISTORY 01'' VVATERVILLE. 179 Jones, Geo. J., 21st Infantry, volunteer ; Joy, Wm. P., 19th Infan- try, volunteer. Keene, Josiah T., iith Infantry, volunteer ; Keith, Sidney, 20th Infantry, volunteer; Kendall, Chas., 14th Infantry; volunteer; King, Moses, 21st Infantry, volunteer; King, John, 20th Infan- try, volunteer; Kirby, John J., volunteer; Knox, Sylvester, 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Knox, William, 15th Infantry, volunteer; Knox, Sylvanus, 19th Infantry, volunteer. Lachanse, Veidal, i6th Infantry, volunteer; Lashus, Geo., 3rd Infantry, volunteer ; Latlip, Gott, 29th Infantry, volunteer ; Lat- lip, Geo., 7th Infantry, volunteer; Leonard, Henry C, 3rd Infan- try, (chaplain), volunteer; Lewis, Solomon B., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Lewis, David J., 20th Infantry, volunteer; Lewis, Addison W., 20th Infantry, volunteer; Libby, Henry H., sub- stitute; Libby, Albert L., 6th Infantry, volunteer; Littlefield, Geo., 3rd Infantry, volunteer ; London, Chas. W., V. S. ; Lore, Wm., i6th Infantry, substitute ; Love, Chas., 20th Infantry, vol- unteer; Low, Edw. C, 13th Infantry, volunteer; Lowe, Edw. C, 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Lowe, Chas. W., 3rd Infantry, volun- teer; Lowe, Wm. H., 20th Infantry, volunteer; Lowe, Franklin B., D. C. Cavalry, volunteer ; Lowell, A. M., U. S. Navy, substi- tute; Lubier, Gott, 8th Infantry, volunteer; Lyford, Chas. F., i6th Infantry, volunteer; Lyford, James M., i6th Infantry, volunteer. Maines, Geo., Jr., \J. S. Navy, substitute; Mains, Graham, U. S. A., volunteer ; Manton, Wm. H., 32nd Massachusetts, vol- unteer ; Marshall, Joseph, 30th Infantry, volunteer ; Marston, Watson, 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Martin, Daniel E., 15th Infan- try, volunteer; Mason, Fred T., nth Infantry, volunteer; Maury, Joseph, i6th Infantry, volunteer; Maxham, Geo. M., 5th Infan- try, volunteer; Merchant, Harrison, i6th Infantry, volunteer; Merrill, Chas. W., Hancock's Corps, volunteer ; Merton, Ernest, 19th Infantry, substitute ; Messer, John N., 7th Infantry, volun- teer ; Messer, Orrin, 7th Infantry, volunteer ; Messer, Alvin, 7th Infantry, volunteer; Messer, Eugene P., 30th Infantry, volun- teer; McCartney, Wm. H., 21st Infantry, vohmteer; McDonald, Hugh, Sharpshooters, volunteer ; McDonald, Dugald, 31st Infan- try, volunteer ; McFadden, Michael, 3rd Infantry, volunteer ; l8o HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. McGilvery, John, i6th Infantry, volunteer ; McGrath, Daniel, 29th Infantry, volunteer ; Mclntire, Geo. A., 3rd Infantry, vol- unteer ; McLaughlin, Timothy, 20th Infantry, volunteer; Morri- son, John, 19th Infantry, substitute; Mosher, Francis B., 21st Infantry, volunteer; Mosher, Madison, 21st Infantry, volunteer; Morton, Wm. H., 32nd Massachusetts, volunteer; Murphy, Chas. D., V. S. ; Murray, Louis, 16th Infantry, volunteer ; Muz- zey, Geo. E.. 20th Infantry, volunteer ; Muzzey, Geo. E.. 7th Infantry, drafted. Newland, Wm. H., 21st Infantry, volunteer; Xickerson, Hczekiah, 1st Cavalry, volunteer; Nock, Sylvanus, 6th Battery, volunteer; Noyes, Alonzo, 5th Infantry, volunteer. Oliver, Frank H., 15th Infantry, volunteer; Oliver. Fayette, 3rd Infantry, volunteer. Paige, Ezekiel, Jr., 14th Infantry, volunteer ; Parker, John 11., nth Infantry, substitute ; Parker, Benj., 3rd Infantry, volunteer ; Pattee, Orlando J., 21st Infantry, volunteer; Pattee, Orlando I., Coast Guards, volunteer; Peasley, Richard, 21st Infantry, vol- unteer: Peavey, John M., 9th Infantry, volunteer; Peavy, Wm. D., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Penney, Chas. H., 21st Infantry, volunteer; Penney, Ira D., 31st Infantry, volunteer; Penney, Everett A., 19th Infantry, volunteer; Penney, Wm. W., 15th Infantry, volunteer; Penney, Peltiah, 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Penney, Joseph M., 7th Infantry, volunteer; Percival, Edw. S., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Percival, Albert W., U. S. A., volun- teer ; Percival, Henry H., U. S. A., volunteer ; Percival, Geo. G., 80th U. S. C. I., volunteer; Perkins, James L., 21st Infantry, volunteer; Perley, Richard, 21st Infantry, volunteer; Perley, Nathaniel, 3rd Infantry, volunteer ; Perley, Henry J., 3rd Infan- try, volunteer ; Perry, George, 8th Infantry, volunteer ; Perry, Chas., 8th Infantry, volunteer; Perry, James, 3rd Infantry, vol- unteer; Perry, Joseph, 3rd Infantry, vokmteer; Perry, David, 7th Infantry, volunteer; Phelps, Wm. H., 13th Infantry, vol- unteer; Pinkham, Andrew, 21st Infantry, volunteer; Plaisted, James H., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Plummer, Edwin, 21st Infantrv, volunteer; Plummer, John H., 6th Battery, volunteer; Pooler, Henrv, 30th Infantry, volunteer; Pooler, Gott 7th Infan- try, volunteer ; Pooler, Ephriam, 30th Infantry, volunteer ; HISTORY OF WATERVir.LE. lOl Pooler, Joseph, ist Heavy Artillery, volunteer; Pooler, Joseph, i6th Infantrv, volunteer ; Pooler, George, 29th Infantry, volun- teer ; Porter, John, 9th Infantry, volunteer ; Porter, Andrew H., 6th P)attery, volunteer; Preo, Peter, 8th Infantry, volunteer; Prescott, Edmund, E., 21st Infantry, volunteer; Preson, Thos. E., Hancocks Corps, volunteer ; Pulsifer, Alexander, W., i6th Infantry, volunteer: Pullen, Frank D., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Pullen, James Rurney, 30th Infantry, volunteer. Quimbv, Clement, 5th Infantry, volunteer ; Quimby, Albert, 30th Infantry, volunteer. Ranco. Moses, 8th Infantry, volunteer ; Ranco, Abram, 9th Infantry, volunteer; Ranco, George, 31st Infantry, volunteer; Ranco, Joseph, loth Infantry, volunteer ; Rankins, Lucius, 8th Infantry, volunteer : Rankins, William, 20th Infantry, volun- teer ; Ray, Robert, U. S. Navy, substitute ; Richards, Joseph, 2ist Infantry, volunteer; Ricker, James F., 3rd Infantry, volun- teer ; Roderick, John, 20th Infantry, volunteer ; Roderick, Peter, 19th Infantry, volunteer ; Rodgers, Edwin J., substitute ; Ronco, Frank, 29th Infantry, volunteer; Rowan, David, V. S. ; Rowe. Elisha M., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Rowe, Welcome, 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Rowe, Addison H., 9th Infantry, volunteer; Roy, Lorenzo D., nth Infantry, substitute. Sands, Joseph, U. S. Navy, substitute ; Sawyer, James A., unassigned, volunteer; Savage, Stephen D., 17th Infantry, drafted; Savage, Miner W., 12th Massachusetts; Scammon, George S., nth Infantry, volunteer; Scates, Edgar, 20th Infan- try, volunteer ; Shaw, Resolvo, 20th Infantry, volunteer ; Shep- herd, Alfred, 21st Infantry, volunteer; Shepherd, Richard A., 19th Infantry, drafted ; Sherburn, Jacob, 3rd Infantry, volun- teer; Shorey, Chas. R., 20th Infantry, volunteer; Shorey, Chas. R., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Sharp, Wm. J., 5th Battery; Simp- son, Joseph D., 20th Infantry, volunteer; Small, Abner R., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Smart, John M., 21st Infantry, volunteer; Smart, John M., Coast Guards, volunteer ; Smiley, Albert R., 20th Infantry, volunteer ; Smiley, Chas. N., 20th Infantry, vol- unteer ; Smiley, Frank O., 3rd Infantry, volunteer ; Smith, James P., i6th Infantry, volunteer; Smith, Lemuel H., 3rd Infantry, volunteer ; Smith, Allen, V. S., volunteer ; Soule, l82 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Martin B.. i6th Infantry, volunteer: Soiile, John W., i6th Massachusetts, volunteer; Soule. Josiah, 20th Infantry, volun- teer; Soule, Daniel A., 20th Infantry, volunteer; Southard, Cyrus, 2nd Cavalry, volunteer; Spaulding, Nathan F., 15th Infantry, volunteer; Stevens, William A., i6th Infantry, volun- teer; Stevens, Gilbert G., 26th Co. Infantry, unassigned; Stevens, Jason R., 7th Infantry, volunteer; Stevens, Wm. H., 20th Infantry, volunteer ; Stevens, Edwin C, i6th Infantry, vol- unteer; Stuart, Chas. H., 31st Infantry, volunteer; Sturtevant, Reward A.. 20th Infantry, volunteer. Tallouse, John, 3rd Infantry, volunteer : Tallouse, ^Martin, l6th Infantry, volunteer; Thayer, Samuel J., 21st Infantry, vol- unteer; Thayer, Welcome, 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Thayer, Adin B., i6th Infantry, volunteer: Thing, Henry A., 3rd Infan- try, volunteer; Thing, Chas. W., 1st Infantry, volunteer; Thing, Chas. W., 14th Infantry, volunteer; Thing, George S., 1st Dis- trict of Columbia Cavalry and 1st Cavalry, volunteer; Thomas, John P. H., 2nd Cavalry, volunteer; Thomas, David S., i6th Infantry, volunteer; Thompson, James, 9th Infantry, volunteer; Thompson, Asa L., 4th Battery, volunteer; Thorn, James H., 1st District of Columbia Cavalry and 1st Cavalry, volunteer; Tilley, Geo. M., 31st Infantry, volunteer; Tozer, Henry M., 20th Infantry, volunteer ; Tozier. Walter N., 30th Infantry, vol- unteer; Tozier, Albert F., nth Infantry, volunteer; Tozier, Henry E., 8th Infantry, volunteer : Tracy, Geo. C, 5th Battery R. R. ; Trask, Alexander, 21st Infantry, volunteer; Trask, Elbridge, Coast Guards, volunteer. Vigue, Levi, 1st Cavalry, volunteer; Vigue. Levi, 31st Infan- try, volunteer. Ward. N. A., 17th Infantry, drafted; Watson. Andrew P., 2ist Infantry, volunteer; Welch, Moses A., 31st Infantry, vol- unteer; Welch, James B., 1st District of Columbia Cavalry and 1st Cavalry, volunteer; Wells, Howard W^, i6th Infantry, vol- unteer; West, Wallace W., 8th Infantry, volunteer; West, James O., 31st Infantry, volunteer; W"heeler, Geo. L., 3i:d Infantry, volunteer; Wheeler, John N., i6th Infantry, volun- teer; White, Henry, 1st Cavalry, volunteer; Williams, Andrew J., 14th Rhode Island Heavy Artillery, volunteer ; Wilson, Geo. HISTORY OF WATERVILLfi. 183 A. 2ist Infantry, volunteer; Wilson, John B., 96th U. S. C. I., volunteer; Wingate, Henry, T4th Infantry, volunteer; Winslow, Hiram C, 21st Infantry, volunteer; Witham, Albert B., 4th Battery, volunteer ; Woodbury, David, 3rd Uns. Co., R. R. ; Woodman, Alvin B., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Woodman, Eras- tus W., 14th Infantry, United States Army, volunteer; Wyman, Wm. W., 3rd Infantry, volunteer ; Wyman, Hiram, Coast Guards, volunteer ; Wyman, Hiram R., gth Infantry, volunteer : Wyman, Increase, 2nd Cavalry, volunteer; Wyman, W. W., 2ist Infantry, volunteer; Wyman, Hiram, 21st Infantry, vol- unteer. Young, Eugene H., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Young, Roscoe G., 3rd Infantry, volunteer; Young, Eben W., 3rd Infantry, vol- unteer; Young, Laroy, F., 30th Infantry, volunteer; Young, John M., 7th Infantry, volunteer. Waterville furnished 525 soldiers during the Civil War, according to Adjutant-General's Report (page 24-1864-5) and yet the above list includes every name that can be found in town or State records, and numbers but 421. The great discrepancy between these figures and the credits allowed this town by the Adjutant-General, occurs in several ways : First : Many non-residents and foreigners were enlisted and credited on the town's quota whose enlistment papers would show some other residence, and would thus only count in the summary of town credits. Second : A further discrepancy is caused by the commis- sioners of equalization refusing to credit the town ; men orig- inally placed to their credit, and in refusing to credit commis- sioned officers. All calls for men bv the President prior to July 2nd, 1862, were filled by voluntary enlistments, promiscuously ; cities, towns and plantations not being called upon to furnish their proportional number of the State's allotment. Men enlisting prior to July 2nd, 1862, were not credited upon the quota of any city or town in the State, but were simply placed upon the lists of names and classified to the cities and towns in which thev resided. 184 HISTORY OF WATKKVII.LE. Maine furnished more than her allotment of men under the President's calls in 1861 and had great difficulty in inducing the Government to accept two of her regiments of infantry and the 1st Maine Cavalry. Waterville furnished more than her share, but never received any credit for the excess. Of the list furnished the commissioners of equalization by the municipal officers of Waterville, they allowed 171 three years men, i two years man, 50 one year men, 42 nine months men. Making a total of 264 men subsequent to July 2, 1862, and allowed a credit for same of $19,883.33. Third : The town secured an additional credit for each re-en- listment, while but one name appears for the two. Fourth : The twenty-six '"paper men" for which Joseph Per- cival, 1st selectman, paid $11,050, and ten "paper men" for which Mr. Percival paid $4,250. As this brings up the whole corrup- tion of the "Paper credit" scandal, some explanation is necessary. W'hen the question of strengthening the armies of the Union was a simple one, of life or death with the Government, substi- tute brokers appeared in Augusta with lists of names which they claimed were those of men already in service not assigned to any quota. These were offered to officers and agents of the towns and municipalities of Maine who were looking for lueti to fill their quota and re-inforce our depleted regiments. \Miere these sub- stitute brokers obtained these lists of names ; by what villainous connivance and corruption the necessary authority was procured to enable the proper officers to certify officially to municipal offi- cers on their quotas, hundreds of names of men never enlisted, — without residence as required by law, without date of enlist- ment ; — to certify even to two, ten or twenty recruits to a town without any names, — will never be known ! No one will ever know how much money the cities and towns of Maine were swindled out of by these ghouls of living and dead soldiers, because no one will ever know how many "paper men" were sold to them ; but the commissioners, report "an aggregate of 1,380 after deducting the 251 said to have been gratuitously distributed by the Governor of Maine." Mr. Pike, the member of Congress from the 5th District, speaking in the debate in the National House of Representatives HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 1 85 in February, 1865, on this matter, said : "But worse than this ; credits have been given by these states when no men have ez'er been furnished, anyzvhere, by anybody." "Bold frauds ! Paper men have been substituted for sailors, and up to this time fifty per cent, more sailors have been credited to the diflferent states than there are in the navy altogether." Under the President's call of April 15, 1861, for 75,000 militia for three months, the quota of Maine was 780 ; men furnished, 771- Call of May 2. 1861, for 500,000 men, quota of Maine was 17,560; men furnished for three years, 18,104. Call of July 2, 1862, for 300,000 men for three years, quota of Maine, 9,609: men furnished, 6,644. Call of August 4, 1862, for 300,000 militia for nine months : Quota of Maine, 9,609 ; men furnished, 7,620. Calls of October 17, 1863, (embracing men raised by draft of 1863) and February i, 1864, for 500,000 for three years : Quota of Maine, 11,803; -^I^ri furnished, 11,958; paid commutation, 1,986; total, 13,944. Call of March 14, 1864, for 200,000 men for three years : Quota of Maine, 4,721 ; men furnished, 7,042. Call of July 18, 1864, for 500.000 men (reduced by excess of credits on previous calls) : Quota of Maine, 11,116; men fur- nished, 11,042; paid commutation, 11; total, 11,053. Call of December 19, 1864, for 300,000 men : Quota of Maine, 8,389 ; men furnished, 6,936. Under these eight calls there were furnished by the different states and territories more men than were ever put into the field by any nation in the history of the world, as will be seen by the following summary : (i) Total number of men furnished during the war (credUs) 2,778,304 To army 2.672.341 To navy 105,963 (2) Estimated total number of re-enlistments 564.939 In army 543-393 In navy 21,546 (3) Estimated total number of desertions 121,806 l86 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. From army 1 1 7.247 From navy 4,649 (4) Total number of deaths 364,116 Tn armv 359-528 In navy 4.588 (5) Estimated total number of individuals in ser- vice 2.213,365 In army 2,128,948 In navy 84.417 (6) Estimated total number of survivors at termin- ation of service (deserters excluded) 1,727,353 In army 1,652,173 In navy 75.180 Estimated total number of survivors (deserters excluded) June 30, 1902 930,380 Estimated average age of survivors at close of the war 28 years. According to the mortality tables, 355,091 have died since 1890, and the average mortality will be about the same until the year 1925, although the percentage among the survivors rapidly increases. In 19.30 there will remain 37,033 ; in 1935 there will remain 6,296; in 1940 there will remain 340; in 1945 there will be no survivor of the War of the Rebellion. TOTAL NUMBER OF MEN FURNISHED BY THE STATE OF MAINE DURING THE WAR. In 1861. 15 Regiments Infantry, i Cavalry, 6 Batteries Mounted Artillery, i Company Sharpshooters, 3 Companies for Coast Fortifications, Recruits, etc 16.669 In 1862. 12 Regiments Infantry, 1 Regiment Heavy Artillery. Recruits, etc 1 5.690 In 1863. 2 Regiments Infantry. 2 Cavalry, i Battery of Artillery, Volunteers and Drafted men 10,223 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 1 87 In 1864-5. 2 Regiments Infantry, 30 Companies Unassigned Infan- try, 6 Companies Sharpshooters, 3 Companies Coast Guards, Drafted men and Navy 30,363 72,945 Maine sent this great army of her sons to the field, sealed with the traditions of their ancestors for courage and devotion ; boys half of them, who passed straight from their mother's arms to the embrace of war. There they left more than 7,000 of their number in known and unknown graves, among the hills and valleys of the South ; buried where they fell ; buried from the hospitals in camp and field or from the great hospitals of the cities, despite the devotion of heroic women ; buried from the prison pens of the South, where they perished so miserably of exposure, starvation, deli- rium and despair ; husbands, fathers, lovers, sons, comrades, friends ; the patriotic, the brave, the true. They are our uncalendared heroes. The language of their lives is written in the annals of our country. They helped with point of sword or bayonet to pen a chapter in American history that will be read while patriotism is honored or liberty cherished. Lowell speaks of the heroes of the Civil War as marching "on a shining track heroes mustered in a gleaming row. Beautiful evermore, and with the rays Of morn on their white shields of expectation." BOUXTIE?. The 1st Regiment of Infantry was enlisted for two years, though mustered into the United States service for three months only. The $22 bounty was paid to this organization. The 2nd Regiment of Infantry was enlisted and mustered into the United States service for two years, and received only the same State bounty as the ist Regiment. Having originally some two hun- dred more men than the First, and recruits who enlisted when large bounties were paid, the aggregate amount of State bounty paid it, is much more than that to the First. l88 HISTORY OF WATERVIl.LE. The 3rd. 4th, 5tli, 6th, 7th, 8th and Qth Regiments of Infantry were enlisted and mustered into the United States service for three years. They received the $22 State bounty at their muster into service. The re-inlisted men and some recruits of 1864 for those regiments received $300 State bounty. Recruits of 1862 and 1863 for those regiments received $55 State bounty. The loth Regiment was designed to be a re-organization of the 1st Regiment, which owed twenty-one months service to the government. The few men of the 1st Regiment who recognized their continuing hability to government under their enhstment, received no State bounty at the muster into United States ser- vice of this regiment : the remainder were paid the State bounty of $22. Fifty-five dollars State bounty was paid to recruits for three years service who were assigned to this regiment. The nth, I2th, 13th, 14th and 15th Regiments of Infantry received no State bounty whatever. The amounts exhibited as paid to them were received by their recruits and re-enlisted men, in sums of from $55 to $300. The i6th, 17th, i8th, 19th and 20th Regiments of Infantry were paid a State bounty of $45. Recruits for these regiments were paid from $55 to $300 State bounty, except the i8th, which early ceased to exist as an infantry organization, and became the 1st Heavy Artillery, the recruits for which, as will be seen, were paid less than $100,000, mostly in S55 bounties. The 2ist, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th and 28th Regi- ments of Infantry were enlisted and mustered into the United States service for nine months, and were paid no State bounty. The 29th and 30th Regiments of Infantry received Si 00 State bounty. The 31st and 32nd Regiments of Infantry were paid from $100 to $300 State bounty, their organization extending over the period during which these widely varying State bounties of from $ioa to S300 were authorized. These regiments received but very few recruits. Two of the unassigned companies were incorporated into the 31st Regiment. The 1st Veteran Regiment of Infantry was composed largely of the recruits and re-enlisted men of the 5th, 6th and 7th Regi- ments of Infantry, who had recciveil from $55 to $300 State HISTORY OF WATERVILLH:. 1 89 bounty. Enlistments in this regiment proper were paid from $100 to $300 State bounty. The 1st Regiment of Heavy Artillery is alluded to above. The 1st Regiment of Cavalry was paid no State bounty at its muster into the United States service. The amount shown was paid its recruits and re-enlisted men in State bounties of from $55 to $300 each. The 2nd Regiment of Cavalry was paid $ioo State bounty, generally, though some few of the men received more. Its organization was commenced with a State bounty of $ioo, but before it was mustered into the United States service. $300 was authorized. The 1st Regiment of D. C, or Baker's Cavalry, was being enlisted from the authorization of $55 bounties to those of $300, though most of the men were paid $100 State bounty. The first six batteries of Mounted Artillery received no bounty from the State. Their recruits and re-enlisted men were paid from $55 to $300 State bounty. The 7th Battery received from $100 to $300 State bounty. Coast Guards and unassigned companies received from $100 to $300 State bounty. The most of these companies were assigned to regiments in the field. Hancock's Corps received $100 State bounty. 1st Battalion Sharpshooters received from $100 to $300 State bounty. Co. D, 2nd Regiment U. S. Sharpshooters, received $22 State bounty, and recruits and re-enlisted men from $55 to $300 each. United States' organizations, and those of other states, received from $55 to $300 State bounty. The State paid for actual naval enlistments made subsequent to February 2, 1864, of our own citizens duly credited to locali- ties in this State, bounties of $100, $200 and $300, for one, two, or three years' service, except as stipulated in order of Novem- ber, 1864, confirmed by subsequent statute, that not exceeding $100 should be paid for any period of enlistment not less than one year, if place of recruit's credit had filled all calls without him. This order also applied to enlistments for land service in Maine organizations, as also for those of the government and other states. igO HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. All these State bounty payments were made only for new bona fide enlistments, when the enlistment contract, and descriptive and muster-in-rolls were duly filed in the adjutant general's office, and when entering organizations other than those of Maine volunteers, in addition to the foregoing papers, the place of credit in this State was duly certified by the proper officer having offi- cial knowledge of the enlistment and credit. Citizens of this State enlisted in the navy to the credit of local- ities herein, subsequent to February 2, 1864, though credited only by the "commission," were paid State bounty under the statute if, in addition to the receipts in duplicate invariably required, the enlistment and other papers above specified were filed in the adjutant general's office. It will be observed that a smaller amount of State bounty was paid the original members of the entire first ten regiments of infantry and company of sharp- shooters, the most of whom were mustered into United States service for three years, than was received by a single regiment of infantry two years later for a like enlistment, but a shorter period of service as eventually proved. The original members of thirteen regiments of infantry, one regiment of cavalry, and six batteries of mounted artillery, were paid no State bounty. The original members of five regiments of infantry received $45 each. The entire State bovmties paid the original members of twenty-eight of our infantry regiments, from the 1st to the 28th inclusive, the 1st Cavalry, and first six batteries of Mounted Artillery, amounted to only about $400,000. All of the re-en- listed men of those organizations (some 4,000 in number received $300 each. State bounty, and some of them a large local bounty in addition thereto, although the same was prohibited by the statute. Many member.* of the eight regiments for nine months' service are found among the recruits of old regiments in 1864, and received liberal State and local bounties. The same is found to be the case with members of the two "two years" regiments, and a large number of those of other regiments of 1861 and 1862, who were discharged for disability, and upon their recovery enlisted into our old and new organizations and were paid liberal bounties. It is not generally known that the War of the Rebellion did not begin or close at the same time in all the states. The dates of HISTORY OF WATERVILLK. I9I the commencement and the termination of that war indicated in the opinion of the supreme court of the United States in the case of "The Protector" which is reported in twelve Wallace, 700, and is in substance, that the proclamation of the intended block- ade by the President may be assumed as marking the first of these dates, and the proclamation that the war had closed, as marking the second. There were two proclamations of the intended blockade ; the first of the 19th of April, 1861, embracing the states of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas; the second of the 27th of April, 1861, embracing the states of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, and Arkan- sas, and the other issued on the 20th of August, 1866, embracing the state of Texas. In the absence of more certain criteria, of equally general application we must take the dates of these proclamations as determining the commencement and the close of the war in the states mentioned in them. waTFRvilie soldiers monument association. Many of our citizens still living will recall the terrible days of the war ; when battle was on and victory hung in the balance ; when care for the sick and wounded, and honoring the dead, was the duty and desire of all the living,- — that even then a few of our patriotic citizens inaugurated a plan to raise funds for the erection of a suitable monument to perpetuate the memory of our dead soldiers. The inception and successful prosecution of this plan is due to the patriotism and untiring energy of Mr. G. A. Phillips, as to him more than any man living here to-day or who has ever lived here is due the present prosperity of Waterville. The following facts, copied from the records of the Waterville Monument Association, will interest our older citizens, and should interest the younger. "On the evening of the 14th of March, 1864, a concert was given in this village, the proceeds of which, by previous announcement, were to be donated in aid of erecting a suitable 192 HISTORY OF WATERVII.LE. monument to the memory of our soldiers who had fallen in defence of the Union, or who should thereafter lose their lives in the same holy service. The names of these performers, which all will agree should appear upon the first page of this record, were : Mrs. J. E. Dow, Miss A. M. Bates, Miss C. M. Barney, Miss L. S. Carroll, Miss E. Piper, Miss H. C. Marston, Miss S. E. Ransted, Mr. W'm. A. Caffrey, Mr. S. C. Mar.ston, Mr. J. R. Pitman, Mr. G. A. Phillips. During the intermission, a proposition to form a permanent organization for the more speedy and certain accomplishment of the work was introduced ; and after some explanations and dis- cussion, a committee was chosen to prepare a plan of organiza- tion, to be submitted at a future meeting, with a list of officers, etc. The following gentlemen were put upon this committee : J. Nye, T. B. Foster, G. A. Phillips, E. G. Meader, and C. M. Morse. A second concert in aid of this object was given by the same individuals on the evening of the 23rd of the same month, at which time the committee named above reported a constitution, which was unanimously adopted. The following list of candi- dates was also presented, and after the adoption of the constitu- tion, they were chosen to the several offices for which they werd severally designated. G. A. Phillips, president ; W'm. A. CafTrey, vice-president ; Daniel R. Wing, secretary : Geo. L. Robinson, treasurer ; Jones R. Elden, E. G. Meader, C. M. ]\lorse, trustees. Article 2 of the constitution reads as follows : "The object of this association shall be to procure the erection, at such time and in such place within the town as shall hereafter be desig- nated, of a suitable monument in honor of those of our fellow- citizens, residents of Waterville, who shall have died in the mili- tary or naval service of the United States during the present war." Appended to the constitution are the names of ninety-two persons. A second benefit concert was given in 1865 and efforts were made to secure a contribution of one dollar from each citizen for the association. BPtEVET BHIG GKN'. FIIAXCIS F.. HEATH. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 193 Here occurs a hiatus of nearly ten years, or from November 29, 1865, to June 14, 1875, during which there is no record of any kind, nor any explanation of the interregnum. There were doubtless good reasons, and the first that suggests itself is the eflervesence of zeal, as this has occurred in the his- tory of many commemorative monuments ; but the purpose was fixed in the minds of good men and the funds drawing interest. * * 17: H: ***** * In 1S75 the fund with accumulated interest amounted to $1,000, this with the $i,ooo voted by the town made $2,000 avail- able for the purpose of the association. The meeting of the association at which such report was made was the last meeting held in the old town hall before it was remodeled. This fact Secretary Daniel R. Wing thought was worthy of permanent record. The committee to submit plans and estimates for a monument was as follows : Col. F. E. Heath, Dr. Atwood Crosby, Edwin Noyes, Reuben Foster, J. H. Plaisted. This committee recommended the purchase of Milmore's "Citizen Soldier" in bronze, the price to be $2,000. This recom- mendation was accepted and a committee consisting of the offi- cers of the association, Edwin Noyes, Col. I. S. Bangs and J. H. Plaisted was appointed to procure a suitable monument upon which to place the statue. The committee to locate the monument consisted of Nathaniel Meader, E. R. Emerson, Miss Florence Plaisted, Miss Roxana Hanscom, Dr. Crosby and Mrs. Crosby, C. G. Carleton, M. C. Foster, C. K. Mathews, C. R. McFadden, F. P. Haviland, P. S. Heald, Reuben Foster, W. B. Arnold, Prof. E. W. Hall, Prof. M. Lyford, A. A. Plaisted and Mrs. Plaisted, Dr. N. R. Boutelle and Mrs. Boutelle, E. B. Cummings, E. F. Webb and the officers of the association. The following inscriptions were accepted. On the Elm street front, "To the memory of the Soldiers and Sailors of Waterville who gave their lives for the preservation of the Republic 1861-1865." On the opposite front, "Erected by the citizens of Waterville." In order to raise the balance of the money needed for the mon- ument the ladies of the committee decided to have an entertain- ment on two evenings, the i6th and 17th of May, 1876, the first 13 194 HISTORY OF VVATERVILLE. evening to consist of an antiquarian supper and concert the sec- ond of music, tableaux, free lunch, presentation of flag to G. A. R. Post by the ladies, etc. And this was ratified by the association. The entertainments were a grand success, in every way, and will be long remembered with pleasure by those present. A full account will be found in the Mail of May 19, 1876. Three hun- dred and fifty dollars were added to the funds of the association. The Waterville Soldiers' Monument was dedicated with appro- priate ceremonies on Memorial day, Tuesday, May 30, 1876. Col. F. E. Heath acted as marshal ; the Waterville brass band furnished the music ; the members of W. S. Heath Post, G. A. R., joined in the possession, with Waterville 3 Engine Company, Ticonic i, Applet on Hook and Ladder Company and the Colby Rifles did escort duty. These formed in procession on the Com- mon, and with the officers of the association in carriages and citizens following, marched through the streets to Monument Park, where prayer was offered by Rev. C. D. Crane ; a financial statement and the Roll of Honor were read by Mr. G. A. Phillips, the president : the monument was unveiled ; an oration delivered by Mr. L. Stevens, Esq., of Portland ; a poem read by A. L. Hinds, Esq., of Benton, and a hymn sung by a select choir. The Roll of Honor, deposited beneath the monument, with a list of the officers, etc., is as follows : Benjamin C. Allen, William H. Aderton, Charles R. Atwood, David Bates, Charles Bowen, William H. Bowen, Elijah Ballan- tyne, George W. Bowman, Jr., Joseph Oren Brackett, Bennet Bickford, George A. E. Blake, William Barrett, Hiram Cochran, Alonzo Copp, William Chapman, Isaac W. Clark, Charles Clark, Lorenzo D. Clark, Albert Corson, William H. DeWolfe, Octa- vius A. Davis, Hadley P. Dyer, Stephen Ellis, Dighton Ellis, Pawlette Euarde, Charles A. Farrington, Hiram Fish, Thomas A. Gibbs, David B. Gibbs, George C. Getchell, Edward B. Herbert, William S. Heath, William H. Ham, Algernon P. Herrick, Albro Hubbard, Joseph Jerow, John O. James, Moses King, Charles F. Lyford, William H. Marston, Alvin Messer, John N. Messer, Orren Alesser, Lewis Murray, Joseph M. Pen- ney, William W. Penney, Pelatiah Penne\', Ira D. Penney, Richard Perley, William H. Phelps, James B. Pullen, Henry HT STORY OF WATERVILLE. 1 95 Pooler, Edwin Plummer, Edward E. Prescott, Albert Quimby, James F. Ricker, Peter Roderick, Miner W. Savage, Joseph D. vSimpson, Richard A. Shepherd, W. A. Stevens, Edwin C. Stevens, Gilbert G. Stevens, Jason R. Stevens, Adin B. Thayer, George Tilley, Martin Tallow, Henry E. Tozier, Wallace W. West, James O. West, Erastus D. Woodman, George L. Wheeler, John J\I. Wheeler, Henry White, William W. Wyman, Eben W. Woung, Roscoe G. Young. (The name of Wm. H. Bacon should have been added to this list as he died here in 1862). (I.S.B.) The financial statement submitted by President Phillips read as follows: "We have received from all sources, since our asso- ciation was organized. $2,772.84 ; we have expended for filling and grading, $76.90 : for plans for pedestal, $25.00 ; for freight on statute, $16.18; for pedestal, including foundation, $982.75; for bronze statute, $1,600.00; total expenditure, $2,700,83; balance in treasury, $72.01. Daniel R. Wing^ Secretary. The number of persons who were members of the Monument Association was 239. W. S. HEATH POST NO. 14, DEPARTMENT OF MAINE, li. A. E. The Grand Army of the Republic was founded by Dr. B. F. Stevenson of Springfield, 111., in 1866. Dr. Stevenson devoted the best years of his life to his grand idea of a brotherhood of old soldiers, to perpetuate the memories of the camp, the march and the battlefield, and to perpetuate the memory and history of the dead. Could he have lived to see the day, what a tribute to his prophetic vision, what a reward for his labor, would have been the increasing numbers of his comrades till they reached the high water mark of 400,000 in 1888 to 1892 ; these recruited from the men who served as citizen soldiers and as soldier citizens with equal credit in war and peace! The Grand Army of the Republic symbolizes fraternity, charity and loyalty. It stands for American manhood. It epitomizes the heroism of a Nation. It is the trustee of patriotism. Memorial Dav is their creation and they who love liberty must succeed them in their annual pilgrimage to the shrines of their 196 HISTORY OF WATERV'ILLE. dead when their last member shall have passed beyond our feeble following. W. S. Heath Post, No. 14, Department of Maine, G. A. R., was organized in 1874 and chartered December 29th of the same year, under the administration of Department Commander Gen- eral Selden Connor, with the following charter members: * At wood Crosby, * F. E. Heath, I. S. Bangs, * J. H. Plaisted, O. F. Mayo, * Levi A. Dow, A. P. Webb, * Addison Dolley, * Sidney Keith, Redford M. Estes, Alpheus S. Webber, John U. Hubbard, George W. Hubbard, Henry J. Goulding, George W. Goulding, E. P. Buck, W. H. Emery, W. H. Russell, R. T. Beazley, * G. A. Osborne, James W. King, * Moses J. Kelley, * Charles W. Lowe, E. N. Small, G. T. Stevens, A. M. Sawtelle. The Post was named by these veterans after Lieutenant Colonel W. S. Heath of the 5th Maine Infantry, who was killed at the battle of Gaines Mill. Its first commander was General * Francis E. Heath, and he was succeeded by General L S. Bangs, Dr. * Atwood Crosby, G. H. Mathews, Captain * Charles Bridges, A. O. Libby, * J. G. Stover, Dr. D. P. Stowell, N. S. Emery, George W. Reynolds, S. S. Vose, George A. Wilson, P. S. Heald, J. L. Merrick, F. D. Lunt, E. Gilpatrick, A. E. Ellis, Captain J. P. Garland, J. H. Coombs, O. P. Richardson, Captain Silas Adams, H. C. Proctor, and J. R. Pollard. The Post has on its roll of membership 195 names. Death, emigration, and other causes have reduced its mem- bership to fifty-seven, but it is still one of the vigorous active Posts of the order, and is doing a noble charitable work, looking with great fidelity after the necessities of sick and disabled com- rades, their widows and orphans, whether members of their organization or not. If it performed no other duty, it would commend itself to the charitable and humane, but in a higher sphere of influence, it is an organized examplar of loyalty, by the service of its members to the land they helped to save, and a lesson in loyalty to the generation that are to follow them. January 30, 1891, Hon. Nathaniel Meader. then Mayor of the city of Waterville, presented to the Post a very beautiful record HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 197 book, especially designed for recording the name and military history of its members. It has taken the writer and Comrade A. O. Libbey of the com- mittee, five or six years to secure the names and record of 105 of these members from Waterville and Winslow, verify them, have them re-written and engrossed in the great book. The labors of the committee are finished, and the record — the lasting memorial to her patriotic sons, is to be presented to the city of Waterville as soon as a depository is provided for its safe keeping. The Post has had leading place and influence in all observ- ances of a patriotic character, has made its campfires schools of patriotism, has furnished to the Department of Maine, Com- mander Gen. I. S. Bangs and Commander James L. Merrick. It has pleasant headquarters in Masonic block which are always open. The Womans Relief Corps has added greatly to the com- fort and efficiency of the Post. Since its organization, the Post has paid its annual tribute of respect to the memory of dead comrades whose graves are within its jurisdiction in Waterville and Winslow. The number of these is so rapidly augmenting, that they already number nearly three times the Post membership, and will mcrease until all have joined the ranks of the great army of the dead, to take up their march under the loving eye and guiding hand, to which we confidentlv commit them. THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. The Revolutionary War commenced with the battle of Lex- ington, April 19, 1775. Provisional articles of peace were signed, November 30, 1782, and proclamation of cessation of hostilities ordered by the Continental Congress, April 11, 1783. Definite treaty of peace was concluded, September 3, 1783, ratified by the Continental Congress and proclaimed, January M. 1784- From a report of the Secretary of War to the House of Repre- sentatives, dated May 10, 1790, and published in American State Papers, Military Afifairs, Volume I, pages 14 to 19, it appears that the number of troops and militia furnished from time to 198 HISTOUV OF WATERVir.LE. time by the several states during tlic Revolutionary War was 395.330. It is impossible to ascertain whether the figures, which are given in the report for each year of the war, and which aggre- gate 395.330 for the whole period of the war, represent only the number of new enlistments each year, or whether they include not only men who enlisted during each year but also those who were in the service at some time during that year but who enlisted during a prior year. In other words, it cannot be deter- mined positively whether the figures for each year merely rep- resent additions to the force during that year, or whether they represent these additions together with the force remaining in seiz'ice from a prior year. It is certain that, in either case, they do not represent the total number of individuals in service in any year, or the total number of individuals added to the force in any year, because there must have been many duplications caused by counting the same man over again for each successive enlist- ment. It is well known that a very large proportion of the men who served in the American army during the Revolutionary War rendered two, three or more terms, or "tours" of service. This was notably the case in militia organizations in which men frequently served tours of a few days each at comparatively short intervals. The writer feels it unnecessary to apologize for the meager incidents that serve to connect this generation with events of a century and more ago. The time for detail was passed when the old Revolutionary soldiers passed away and their families were separated. Their military history was carefully preserved by the Com- monwealth of Massachusetts, and if identity could be established, a biographical sketch might be written that would confer credit upon the soldier and his biographer. The writer presents the most and the best sketch of these old worthies possible who went from Watervillc (then Winslow) or came here after the war and found a home and a final resting place here or in the immediate vicinity. HISTORY OF WATERVILLH:. IQQ RECORDS OF SERVICE IN THE REVOLUTION. Captain Dean Batis^s, grandfather of Isaac Sparrow Bangs, was born May 31, 1756, in Harwick, (now Brewster), Cape Cod, IMass. He married April 21, 1780, Eunice Sparrow, daughter of Isaac, son of Jonathan, son of Jonathan, son of Jonathan, who married Hannah, daughter of Gov. Thomas Prence and Patience, daughter of Elder Brewster. He "followed the sea" as boy and man for forty years ; became mate and master in the East India trade, was a privateer in the first year of the War of the Revolution, and then enlisted in Abijah Bangs' company. Colonel Dike's Regiment in 1776 and served two years. In 1802 he came to Sidney and brought a large tract of land on the Kennebec river and there lived and reared a large family. Waterville was his mercantile home and here he raised a com- pany of artillery during the War of 1812 for Major Joseph Chandler's Battalion of Artillery, and marched to Augusta with the other companies of the Waterville contingent. He died, December 6, 1845 and was buried in a private cemetery on his own farm in a beautiful spot overlooking the Kennebec river, where lie several of his family, including his wife and one son. The cemetery is enclosed by a permanent granite and iron fence, and in this enclosure near Captain Bangs' grave is a ceno- taph in memory of his father, whose m-ilitary record is inscribed as follows : To the memory of ELKANAH BANGS, (father of Dean Bangs), who was in the privateer service of the Revolution ; was taken prisoner with three of his neighbors, and died on board the Jersey prison ship at Wallabout Bay, New York, in July, 1777, aged 44 years ; this CENOTAPH is respectfully dedicated by his great-grandson, Isaac Sparrow, son of Isaac Sparrow, son of Dean Bangs, who settled upon this farm in the year 1802. Thomas Bates: Corporal, Capt. John Gibb's Co., Col. Eben- ezer Sprout's Regt. ; service from December 8 to December 10, 200 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 1776, two days, marched to Falmouth on an alarm at Elizabeth Islands : Roll dated at Wareham : Also, Private Capt. Samuel Brigg's Co., Col. Theophilis Cot- ton's Regt., General Palmer's Brigade; service 32 days on a secret expedition to Tiverton, R. I., September 29, 1777. (Do. Vol. I page 803). Also, Capt. Gibb's Co. (4th Plymouth), Col. Sprout's Regt., service from September 6 to September 10, 1778, 5 days, marched to Dartmouth on an alarm : Also, pay roll for five days' service from September 13, 1778, marched to Falmouth on an alarm : Also, Capt. Gibbs' (4th Plymouth) Co., Lt.-Col. White's Regt. Thomas Bates: Enlisted July 31, 1780, discharged August 9, 1780, service nine days at Rhode Island : Roll sworn to at Wareham. (Ibid. Vol. I, page 804). Thomas Bates: Sergeant, Capt. Joseph Parker's Co., Col. Ebenezer Sprout's Regiment: Muster roll dated February 13, 1778: Enlisted January 9, 177S, enlisted for three months from January i, 1778: stationed at Rhode Island. Also, Capt. John Gibbs' Co., Col. John Jacobs' Regiment: Enlisted July 23, 1780, discharged October 27, 1780; service three months, six days on an alarm at Rhode Island : Enlist- ment three months; company raised to reinforce Continental Army: Roll dated Wareham. (Ibid. Vol. I, page 804). Was a pensioner and lived in Waterville in 1840. Date of death, and burial place unknown. John Cole: Appears with rank of Private (on Continental Army pay accounts. Captain Redding's company, 5th) in Col. Bradford's regiment for service from March 8, 1777 to Decem- ber 31, 1779. Residence, W'inslow, Me. Vol. :i4:2:74. He appears with rank of Private on Continental Army pay accounts of Capt. Haskell's company-. Col. Bradford's regiment, for service from January i. 1780 to March 8, 1780. Residence, Winslow. Vol. :i4 :i ;35. He appears in Capt. John Samont's company, Colonel Gamaliel Bradford's (15th) regiment Massachusetts. Line from Wins- low. Was pensioned in 1818. He moved to Albion about 1814 and died there January 11, 1824. His age unknown, but prob- HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 20I ably less than seventy years. His widow, Polly Cole, on papers signed by her July 7, 1835, alleges her age then as seventy-one. John Cool: Appears with rank of private on Continental Army pay accounts of Capt. Sewell's company, Colonel Sprout's regiment for service from March 12, 1777 to December 31, 1779. Residence, 'V\ inslow, also given in Capt. Josiah Jenkins company. Col. Brewer's regiment, dated. Camp near \'alley Forge, January 23,1778. Vol. :i2:2:79:io:3i9. Was discharged at Fishkill, N. Y., March 12th, 1780, having served full three years ; his term of enlistment. He alleged on a paper dated May 26, 1833, that he was then seventy-eight years old and had lived in Waterville, (Winslow)' seventy years. He lived on Cool street, which after his death was named for him. He died October 5, 18451, aged eighty-nine years, six .months, and was buried in the old cemetery and afterwards removed to Pine Grove cemetery. . .Levi Croivell: Born, reared and enlisted on Cape Cod. After the war drifted "down east" to Winslow (that part in which is now Oakland) with Elisha and Solomon Hallett. Date of death unknown. Buried in old cemetery, Oakland. Manoah Crozvell: Was pensioned in 1834 for service in the Massachusetts militia, but his name is not to be found in Massa- chusetts records. He was said to be seventy-one years old in 1835, but is put down at seventy-eight in 1840, when he was living in Waterville (now Oakland) and drawing his pension there. The date of his death is unknown, but he was a soldier in the War of 181 2. Joint Daiis: Appears with rank of private on muster roll of Capt. Jeremiah Hill's company. Col Scammon's regiment, dated August I, 1775. Enlisted May 5. 1775. Time of service, twelve weeks, four days. Residence, Biddeford. Eight month's service. Vol. 15, p. 28. He appears with rank of drummer on company return of Capt. Hill's company. Col. Scammon's regiment, (30th) dated Sep- tember 2j, 1775. Enlisted May 5, 1775. Residence, Bidde- ford. Coat Rolls. Eight months' service. Vol. 56, p. 199. He appears among signatures to an order for bounty coat or its equivalent in money, due for the eight months' service in 202 HISTORY OF WATERVIIJ.E. Capt. Jeremiah Hill's company. Col. James Scammon's regi- ment, dated October 6, 1775. Coat Rolls. Vol. 57, File 21. He appears with rank of drummer on muster roll of Capt. Jere- miah Hill's company, Col. Edmund Phinney's regiment, dated in garrison. Fort George, December 8, 1776. Enlisted January I, 1776. Re-enlisted November 14, 1776. Vol. 46, p. 3. During the winter months of 1776 he enlisted for the war and served as drummer and drum-major in Col. Joseph Vose's (First) Regiment, Massachusetts Line and was dis- charged in June 1783. He was five feet, six inches high, light complexion, light hair. He claimed to have been in the Battle of Monmouth and at the surrender of Burgoyne, and to have marched to Yorktown and been present at the surrender of Cornwallis. He was at one time reported as a deserter, but the charge was cancelled and this record removed. He came to New Sharon in 1794 and to Waterville about 1830. He had nine children, but never owned any property in New Sharon or Waterville. He was probably a skilled mechanic. Mr. Davis was born in Simbross, Cork county. Ireland, about 1754. The date of his death and place of burial are unknown, but he was living here in 1835 ^^^^ ^t his great age would hardly return to New Sharon. He died before 1840, if he died here, as, although he was a pensioner, he was not on the list of fifteen living here and in Winslow in 1840. Oliver Dow, and his cousin Amos, enlisted in Captain \\'atts' company in Salem, N. H., in 1756. Oliver continued in same company in Colonel N. Meserve's regiment ; fought at Crown Point, Ticonderoga, and in other campaigns. In 1777 he was in Captain Joseph Bailey's company, Moses Kelly's regiment. General W^hipple's brigade. In 1 781 he served in Captain Nathaniel Head's company of Lieut. -Col. David Reynolds' regiment of New Hampshire troops. He was a lieutenant as earlv as 1776, as appears from militar)- archives; his name appearing with other Hopkinton men. Oliver Dow was born in Salem, N. H., in 1736; moved to Hopkinton. in 1773, back to Salem about 1790 and lived there till 1820, when he moved to Waterville with his son Levi, died here December 18, 1824 and was buried in Monument Park. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 203 He was grandfather of Charles Dow who lived and died here, and great-grandfather of Levi A. Dow, late of Co. B, 21st Maine Infantry Volunteers. He was a great grand-father of Hon. Richard vS. Dow, coun- sellor-at-law. State street, Boston, Mass., to whom the writer is indebted for this biographical sketch. Sainpson Freeman: Appears in a return of men enlisted into the Continental Army from ist Essex county regiment. Resi- dence, Salem. Term, three years. Joined Capt. Fairfield's company, Col. Wigglesworth's regiment. \'oI. 41, p. 44. Appears with rank of private on muster roll of Capt. Joseph McNall's company, Col. Edward Wigglesworth's regiment, Dated Camp at Valley Forge, June 2, 1778. Term three years. Vol. 61, p. 24. Appears with rank of prh'ate on muster and pay roll of Capt. Peter Page's company, Col. Wigglesworth's regiment, for March and April, 1779, flated at Providence, May 5, 1779. Enlisted February i, 1777, three years. Transferred to Capt. John K. Smith's company, Col. Smith's regiment. \"ol. 22. p. 98. Appears with rank of private on Continental Army pay accounts of Capt. John K. Smith's company. Col. Smith's regi- ment, for service from February i, 1777 to February 5, 1780. Residence, Salem. Continental Army books. Sampson Freeman was a free man of color who came to Waterville from Peru, ^le., in 1835, a"'^' after a brief acquain- tance married Venus, the widow of Prince Henry who lived on the second rangeway and owned a small farm. Venus was brought up in the family of Judge Redington of Vassalboro. Her husband must have died before 1825 as she was a widow in 1826 and lived on the farm she inherited from him and which is now a part of the farm of J. C. Blaisdell on the 2nd rangeway. Freeman lived with "Aunt \'"enus" six years, when she died and was buried in Monument Park. He died in 1843 and was buried near her. Enoch Fuller, Revolutionary soldier, died in Winslow, Jaiuiary 29, 1842, aged eighty-seven, and was buried in the "Old Fort" Cemetery. Seth Getchell: Grandfather of Miss Julia Stackpole, enlisted from Berwick, Maine, where he was bom in 1753. He married 204 HISTORY OF WATF.KVILLE. Sarah Grant by whom he had nine children, all of whom arc dead. He came here soon after the close of the Revolutionary War, owned a small farm about two and a half miles west of Water- ville village, and worked in a grist mill, which might have been near the dam of the Union Gas & Electric Co., on the Messalon- skee or farther up that stream at the Rice bridge. In 1840 he lived with Susan Stackpole. He died in Pittsfield, Maine, in July 1845, aged ninety-one years, eight months. His wife survived him, but died in Febru- ary of the following year, and the remains of both were brought here and buried in Pine Grove Cemetery. Nathaniel Gilman: Has record of service but no way to identify him positively, as there are many of the same name. He lived here and died here before 1840, as his widow, Sarah Gilman, was a pensioner here at that date. The date of his birth, death or place of enlistment are in doubt, but he was buried in the family vault in the old cemetery and when it was made into a park (Monument) the vault was demolished and all the bodies removed to Pine Grove Cemetery. Blisha Hallet: Private, Capt. Elisha Nye's company. Enlisted February 14, 1776: service to November 21, 1776, nine months, six days. Companv stationed at Elizabeth Islands for defense of sea coast, also, Capt. Elisha Hedge's company^ Col. Freeman's regiment. Enlisted September 3, 1779. Discharged September 18, 1779; service five days. Company detached for military service at Falmouth on an alarm. Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors in Revolution, Vol. VII, p. 122. Received a pension; lived in Waterville, in 1840, at the age of eighty-two years, with Jonathan Hallet. Date of death unknown ; buried in old cemetery in Oakland. Solomon Hallctt: Private, Capt. Joshua Gray's company.* Enlisted November i, 1775, discharged December 31, 1775, ser- vice two months, five days in defense of sea coast. Roll dated Barnstable. *Capt. Joshua Gray of Yarmouth : ca])tain of a company of minute-men, engaged July i, 1775, discharged December 31, 1775- HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 2O5 Private, Capt. Ebenezer Baker's company, Col. Freeman's regiment. Marched, October 4, 1777, service eighteen days. Company marched to Tiverton, R. I., on a secret expedition. Private, Capt. Alicah Hamlen's company, Col. Jonathan Reed's (ist) regiment of Guards. INTarched, April 2, 1778. Service to July 6, 1778. three months, four days, at Cambridge, including four davs (eighty miles) travel home. Enlistment three months from April 2. 1778. Private, Capt. Elisha Pledge's company,* Col. Freeman's regi- ment. Marched September 3, 1779. Discharged September 18, 1779. Service fifteen days. Company detached from militia for service at Falmouth on an alarm. '^Capt. Elisha Hedge, Yarmouth, Capt. 2nd (ist Yarmouth) company, 1st Barnstable County Regiment of Massachusetts Militia. Solomon Hallett was living in W'aterville (now Oakland) in 1840, at the age of eighty-six, and was a pensioner. He died soon after this date and was buried in the old cemetery at West Waterville (now Oakland). Timothy Littlefield: Enlisted from Wells, Maine, September 4, 1775 in Capt. Noah Moulton Littlefield's company, and served three months and fifteen days at Wells and Arundell, guarding sea coast. Also: In Capt. James Littlefield's company, Col. Stover's regiment from August 14, 1777 to November 14, 1777, four months and three days, including 300 miles travel home from Coeman's (Queman'sf?) ) Heights with Northern Army. Also: Served to reinforce the Continental Army from August 2, 1780 to December 26, 1780, five months and nine days including fifteen days' travel home. Descriptive list, 6' i" high, light complexion, age twenty-one years. Was a pensioner and lived here in 1840. Date of death and place of interment unknown. Salathicl Penny: Appears with rank of private on muster roll of Capt. Samuel Sayer's company, Col. James Scammon's regi- ment, dated August i, 1775. Time of service three months, four days. Enlisted May 3, 1775. Residence, Wells, eight months' service. Vol. 16, p. 27. I 206 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Appears with rank of prwate on company return of Capt. Samuel Saver's company, Col. James Scammon's regiment, October, 1775. Enlisted May 3, 1775. Residence, Wells^ Me. Coat Rolls, eight months' service. Vol. 56, p. 205. Appears among signatures to an order for bounty coat or its equivalent in money due for the eight months' service in 1775, in Capt. Samuel Sayer's company, Col. James Scammon's (30th) regiment, dated Cambridge, October, 27, 1775. Coat Rolls, Vol. 57, File 21. Appears with rank of priivte on muster roll of Capt. Silas Wild's company, Col. Edmund Phinney's regiment, dated in Gar- rison at Fort George, December, 1776. Enlisted January 10, 1776. Time of service, ten months, four days. Reported sick in bar- racks. Re-engaged, November 14, 1776, under Col. Brewer. Vol. 46, p. 6. Salathiel Penny: Appears with rank of private on muster and pay roll of Capt. Daniel Merrill's company. Col. Samuel Brewer's regiment. Marched to Bennington. Enlisted January I, 1777. Was present at the surrender of Burgoyne. Dis- charged March 17, 1777. Residence, Wells. \"ol. 21, p. 100. Was born in Wells, ]\Iaine, in 1756. First wife unknown; second wife was Margaret C. Grant of Berwick. Mr. Penney settled upon and cleared the farm where he lived and died, and which is now owned by Mrs. Moses Penney. By his first wife he had two daughters and one son. Peletiah, father of William G. Penney, father of our "Penney Boys," Ira, Peletiah, Charles, William and Fred and one daughter, Harriet, who married Nelson McCrillis. Salathiel Penney died September 22, 1847, aged ninety-one years, and was buried in Monument Park. About 1875 his remains were removed to Pine Grove Cemetery. John Pv.Uen was born at Attleboro, Mass., May 7, 1763. He was the youngest of the nine children of James Pullen and Lydia Woodcock, his wife, who had been married at Attleboro, Febru- ary 26, 1742. Lydia Woodcock was the daughter of Jonathan Woodcock, who is said to have been a very brave man and of much influence in the colony at that time. John's grandfather and the father of James was Nicholas Pul- len. He is the earliest ancestor that the family have thus far HISTORY OF WATERVILLU. 20/ been able to find, and nothing is known of him except the fact of his marriage at Rehoboth, Mass., on January 19, 1709 to Mary Tucker. John Pullen was a Revohitionary soldier, his name appearing in a descriptive list of men raised to reinforce the Continental army for the term of six months agreeably to a resolve of June 5, 1780. He is there described as seventeen years of age, five feet, four inches in height and of dark complexion. His resi- dence is given as Attleboro. He arrived at Springfield, July 9, 1780, and with the nth Division, to which this re-enforcement was assigned, marched to camp, July 11, 1780, under command of Ensign Barrows. (Mass. Muster and Pay Rolls. Vol. 35, page 192.) The name of John Pullen of Attleboro also appears in a return dated Camp Totoway, October 25, 1780, containing a list of men raised for six months' service and returned by Brig.-Gen. Patteison as having passed muster. (Mass. Muster and Pay Rolls, Vol. 25, page 241.) He was in the Continental army from July 6, 1780 to January 8, 1781. having seen six months' and two days' service. John Pullen was married at Winthrop, Me., June 23, 1785, to Amy Bishop, daughter and youngest child of Squire Bishop and Patience Titus. Eight children were born of this union, one of whom, Sarah Boardman, married John Cafifrey, who was the grandfather of ]\Irs. L. D. Carver of Augusta. John Pullen died March 29, 1810, at the age of forty-seven, at Waterville, Me., and was buried in the old cemetery on Elm street, now Monument Park. His widow. Amy Bishop Pullen, resided for a number of years in Waterville with her daughter, Mrs. Sarah Boardman CalTrey, and was living as late as the year 1836, when she made applica- tion for State bounty, as appears by the records in the land office of Maine. Asa Rcdington: Was born in the town of Boxford, Essex Co., Mass, December 22, 1761. Son of Abraham and Sarah (Kimball) Redington. In June 177S he enlisted in Wilton, N. H., in Col. Peabody's ''egiment, and joined the forces of Gen. Sullivan at Providence, R. I., where the troops were quartered in Brown College. 208 IIISTORV OF WATERVILLE. In December he was discharged and returned to Wihon, N. H. In June, 1779 re-enlisted in the "Continental Establishment" for one year, joined the army at Fishkill on the Hudson and spent the following winter at Danbury, Ct. In spring of 1780 joined the regiment of Col. Miller and spent the balance of his term of enlistment scouting as far north as West Point and was discharged at expiration of term of service. In March, 1781, he again enlisted and joined the army near West Point in Col. Alex Scammel's regiment, which dropped down the Hudson to Kingsbridge, thence to New Jersey, Philadelphia and Annapolis and finally reached Yorktown in time to partici- pate in the seige and surrender. Thence he followed the for- tunes of the army in its long march to Saratoga, thence to Princeton, New Jersey and West Point where he was discharged December 23, 1783 without pay and left to travel 300 miles to his home, carrying the musket he had borne through his long service. The old musket was treasured many years in his family and finally presented to the State of Maine by his oldest son, Judge Redington.. Mr. Redington came to Vassalboro in 1784. married ^lary, daughter of Nehemiah Getchell, September 2, 1787. Came to Waterville (then Winslow) in 1792 where he died, March 31, 1845. He was buried in Monument Park, where his remains still lie. Asa Redington was grandfather of ^Irs. Appleton A. Plaisted of Waterville. Simeon Simpson: Simeon Simpson enlisted in Winslow in July, 1782 for three years, in Capt. King's company, Lieut. -Col. Brooks' regiment (the 7th Mass. Line) ; transferred to the 4th Massachusetts Line and was discharged in the State of New York, December 31, 1783. Mr. Simpson was pensioned in 1818. In a paper dated October 11, 1836, he alleged that he was seventy years old. This would make his birth in 1766, and his age ninety-four at his death, September 24, i860, though he claimed to be ninety-six. He was buried in Winslow on the home farm, now owned by the Lockwood Company. Before this article goes to press, his remains will have been removed, with those of his family, to Pine Grove Cemetery. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 209 Jonathan Sotde: Appears with rank of private on muster and pay roll of Captain Calvin Partridge's company, Colonel John Cushing's regiment, for service at Rhode Island. Enlisted, September 23, 1776. Time of service, one month, twenty-eight days. Vol. 3, p. 62. Jonathan Soule : Appears with rank of private on muster and pay roll of Captain James Harlow's company, Col. Ezra Wood's regiment, raised for eight months to guard the passage of North river. Enlisted, June 5, 1778. Time of service, eight months, four days. Vol. 20, p. 8: He died January 6, 1832, aged eighty-four, and was buried in the old Elm street cemetery, and in 1875 removed to Pine Grove Cemetery. Lot Stiirtevant : Was born in Wareham, Mass., July 25, 1759. He was the second son of Joseph and Mary (Gibbs) Sturte- vant. Joseph was the son of Moses, son of Samuel, son of Samuel, who was at Plymouth, Mass., as early as May 1642. His affidavit, on file in the land office at the State House, Augusta, gives the following: "Lot Sturtevant of Waterville, June 15, 1835, seventy-five years old and upwards, enlisted at Wareham, Mass., 1777, for three years in Capt. Josh Eddy's company, Gen. Bradford's regi- ment, Massachusetts Line. Served his full time and was honor- ably discharged at W>st Point in 1780. United States pensioner. Land certificate granted April 19, 1835." It cannot be ascertained when he came to Waterville, but it must have been before 1790, for his eldest son, Zenas, was born here in November, 1790, and the succeeding children, seven in all, were born here prior to 1806. He married Elizabeth Bessie, who was born October 3, 1764 or 5, and died January 13, 1833, aged sixty-eight. Lot Sturtevant died at Waterville, June 4, 1848, aged eighty-eight, at the home of Reward Sturte- vant. His farm was one of the "Ten Lots" of which he was the original settler and proprietor. Here he lived, reared his family, and was buried in the cemetery one mile north of Fairfield Center on the Pishons Ferry road. Richard Szueetser: Of North Yarmouth is credited with ser- vice as a private in Capt. Noyes' company, Col. Phinney's regi- 2IO HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. merit of eight months' men with the army at the siege of Boston in 1775. Mr. Sweetzer lived here in 1840 with David Parker ; was a pensioner and nmety years of age. \\'hen he came here, when he died and where he was buried are imknown. Philip Thayer: Supposed to have been born near Attleboro, Mass. and enlisted from there. Came to Berwick after the war and finally drifted "down east" to Waterville (^now Oakland) died and was buried in the old cemetery there. No other record. Obadiah Williams: Was a surgeon in Gen. Starks' regiment at Bunker Hill, and served during the entire Revolutionary \^'ar. He came from Epping, N. H. to Waterville (then Winslow) in 1792, and built the first frame house in Waterville, the small one-story house still standing opposite the electric light station at the end of the bridge. The view from this little home of his down the bay and the broad Kennebec must have been very delightful, (since obstructed by the old Dalton house and the factories). Dr. Williams died in 1799, aged forty-nine. He was buried in the old cemetery, now Monument Park, which was then only an open field without fences, and was deeded to the town of Winslow for a burying ground, with certain reservations. When the lines were run to define the boundary on the south side, it was found that Dr. Williams and his wife had been buried outside the cemetery. Their remains were taken up and removed sc as to come within the bounds, and when the change was effected, making a public park of the old cemetery, their remains were again moved to Pine Grove cemetery. George Young: Was a Revolutionary soldier who came to Waterville (now Oakland) to live, died and was buried there in the old cemetery. Birthplace, date of birth, military record, age and date of death unknown. Reference is had in Massachusetts military service record to his being commissioned captain of the 5th Company, Col. Wheaton's (4th Lincoln county) regiment of Massachusetts militia, in July, 1776, but no service is found credited to him as such. Note. The writer wonld acknowledge his indebteiine83 to C. J. House, Esq., of the Industrial Bureau, Augusta, Me., and E. L. Getchell, Esq., of Harvard Univer- sity tor valuable research and results In Revolutionary records. HISTORY OP WATERVILLE. 211 THE WAR OF l8l2. The War of 1812, as is well known grew out of the claim of Great Britain to the right of search of our merchant vessels, and the impressment of American seamen under various pretexts, which culminated in a "State of War," as declared by our National Congress, June 18, 1812, and proclaimed by President Madison, the following day. The following are the Rosters of the several companies of militia enlisted from Waterville and vicinity for the war, with their service as noted. The residence of the company officers is given while that of the men is not and the records at Augusta and Washington do not give them, but as the Waterville com- panies were recruited here, the means of transportation at that time primitive and limited, the inference is that they were prob- ably residents of Waterville. Service from the 14th to 25th September, 1814. Roll of the Field and Staff of Lieut.-Col. Elnathan Sherwin's Regiment of Militia, being the ist Regiment, 2nd Brigade, 8th Division, in service at Augusta from the 14th to the 25th of Sep- tember, 1814. This regiment started for the seaboard but was ordered into camp at Augusta to await orders. On the 24th day of September there was a draft from the regiment to fill up the regiment of Lieut.-Col. Ellis Sweet in service at Bath. Those of the regiment not drafted were discharged on the 25th day of September, 1814. Elnathan Sherwin, lieut.-col., Waterville ; John Cleaveland, major, Fairfield ; Richard M. Dorr, major ; Ephraim Getchell, adjutant; Joseph H. Hallett, or.-mast., Waterville; Ambrose Howard, or.-mast.-sgt. ; Moses Appleton, surgeon, Winslow ; David Wheeler, paymaster, Waterville ; Zedekiah Belknap, chap- lain, Waterville; Moses Healey, drum-major; Benjamin Foster, fife-major ; Thomas Leeman, fife-major. Field and Stafif Roll of Lieut.-Col. Elnathan Sherwin's drafted regiment of militia in service at Wiscasset and Edgecomb from the 24th of September to the loth of November, 1814. Elnathan Sherwin, lieut.-col., Waterville; Richard M. Dorr, major; Nathan Stanley, major, China; Moses Appleton, sur- geon, Winslow; Joseph Bachellor, surgeon's mate; Ephraim 212 HJSTORY OF WATF.RVILLE. Getchell, adjutant; David Wheeler, paymaster, Waterville; Joseph H. Hallett, or. master; Charles Haydon, Jr., sergt.- major ; Benjamin Foster, or.-mast.-sgt. ; David Low, drum- major ; Thomas Leeman, fife-major. Roll of Captain Dean Bangs' Company of Artillery in Major Joseph Chandler's Battalion raised in I'Vatcrfillc and Vassalboro and in service at Augusta waiting orders, from the I2th to the 24th of September, 18 14. Commissioned officers: Dean Bangs, capt.. Waterville; Lemuel Pullen, lieut., Waterville; Abraham Smith, lieut., Waterville. Sergeants: Jabez Dow, Artemus Smith, Levi Moore. Jr., William McFarland. Corporals: William Marston, Alexander McKechnie, Abiel Moore, James Bragg. Musicians : Henry Richardson, Reward Sturtevant. Privates: William Bates, Dennis Blackwell, Ellis Blackwcll, William Blish, Andrew Bradford, Martin Bradford, Charles Freeman, Joseph Gulliver, Samuel Hastings. Godfrey Jackson, Joseph Marston, Josiah Merrill, Newall Page, Benjamin Rives, James Shorey, Jeremiah Smith, Joseph Smiley, Jeremiah Tozier, 3, Alvin Trask, Jonathan C. Tozier. Capt. Dean Bangs was a privateer and a soldier of the Ameri- can Revolution. Roll of Captain William Pullen's company of militia in Lieut. - Col. Elnathan Sherwin's regiment, raised in Waterville and in service at Augusta from the 14th to the 2Sth of September, 1814. William Pullen, capt., Waterville ; Joseph Warren, lieut., Waterville ; Leonard Cornforth, ensign, Waterville. Sergeants : Ichabod Smith. Reuben Ricker, Isaiah Hallett, John Hallett. Corporals : Samuel Merry, James Gilbert, Wiman Shorey, Thomas Stevens. Musicians : Dexter Pullen, Isaac Gage, Asa Bates. Privates: Philip Badger, James Burgess, Thomas Bessey, Seth Crowell. Isaiah Crowell. David Coombs, Miller Crowell, John Cobb, Hiram Crowell, Seward Corson. Daniel Duren, Pliny Farrington, Seth Gage, Bryant Gleason, Reuben Gage, Jr., HISTORY OF WATERVILLIv. 21 3 Dennis Gibbs, Timothy B. Hayward, Elijah Hayden, Elisha Hal- lett, Jr., Josiah M. Hallett, Ebenezer Hussey, John Hussey, Job Harlow, Asa Lewis, Moody Lander, Ivory Low, Abraham Lander, Jr., William Lewis, Jr., William Merryfield, Samuel Merryfield, George Ricker, George Ricker, 2d or Jr., James Rice, Benjamin Stevens, Philander Soule, Lsaac Terrill, Leonard Tap- per, James White, Cyrus Wheeler, Lorin Wade. Roll of Captain Joseph Hitchings' company of militia in Lieut.-Col. Elnathan Sherwin's regiment raised in Waterville and in service at Augusta from the 14th to the 25th of Septem- ber, 1 81 4. Joseph Hitchings, capt., Waterville; Samuel Webb, lieut., W^aterville ; Thomas McFarland, ensign, Waterville. Sergeants : Josiah Jacob, Jr., Abraham Morrill, Solomon Berry, Calvin L. Getchell. Corporals : Abraham Butts, Pelatiah Soule, Simeon Tozer, 2, William Watson. Musicians: David Low, Lewis Tozier. Privates : John Bennet, Jonas Blanchard, Columbus Bacon, John Clifford, Richard Clifi'ord, Jacob Cool, Zacheus Foster, Abel Getchell, Joseph Hogden, William Hume, Thomas Parker, Jr., David Parker, William Phillips, David Priest, Arby Penney, Moses Ricker, William Redington, Samuel Redington, Silas Redington, John Stackpole, Benjamin Smith, William Smith, George Soule, Daniel Soule, Sullivan Soule, Richard Sweetzer, William Sweetzer, William Tozer, Stephen Tozer. Roll of Capt. Child's company from Winslow. James L. Child, capt.; Washington Heald, lieut..; Wm. Getchell, ensign. Sergeants : Wm. Harvey, James Heald, Joel Crosby, Abra- ham Bean. Corporals : Alvin Blackwell, Richard V. Hayden, Simeon Heald, Elisha Ellis. Privates : Charles Hayden, Jr., Hernend C. Barton, Samuel Bates, Clark Drummond, James Fife, Wm. Fletcher, Asa Getchell, Zipheroe Howard, Joseph Heald, Daniel Libby, Wm. Pollard, Geo. Pillsbury, Thos. J. Pressey, Daniel Richards, Rufus Rhodes, Ebenezer Richardson, Sam'l Richardson, Adna Reynolds, Wm. Spring, Joseph Swift, Phinehas Small, Jeremiah 214 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. B. Thompson, Butler Wood, Ephriam Wilson, Jr., Samuel Wil- son, Luke Wilson, Wm. Wyman, Benj. Windship, Geo. Abbot, Wentworth Ross, Stephen Getchell, Levi Pollard, Wm. Ham, Frederic R. Paine. John Gould, Nathaniel Dingley, Stephen Abbot. Amos P. Southard was born and enlisted in Litchfield or Edge- comb. Soon after the war he moved to Winslow. where he lived nearly fifty years, and died in 1870. An act "Declaring war between Great Britain and her depend- encies, and the LTnited States and their Territories" was passed by Congress and signed by the President, June 18, 1812. Treaty of peace was concluded, December 24, 1814, ratification exchanged, February 17, 181 5, and proclaimed, February 18, 1815. From reports of the third auditor of the Treasury Department dated December 12. 1836, (published in Ex. Doc. No. 20, House of Representatives, 24th Congress, 2nd Session.,) and February 22, 1858, (published in Ex. Doc. No. 72, House of Representa- tives, 35th Congress, 1st Session), it appears that the total num- ber of regulars, militia, volunteers and rangers who served the United States at any time during the war of 1812 was 528,274. It is evident that this number represents only the number of enlistments and not the actual number of individuals in service. It is known that many of the men who served during the War of 1812 rendered more than one term, or "tour," of service. But the number of men who served more than one term cannot be ascertained, and it is impossible, therefore, to determine the actual number of individuals in service during that war. Waterville's most eminent soldier in the War of 1812 was Gen. Eleazer Wheelock Ripley. Born in Hanover, N. H., .April 15, 1782. he was a nephew of President John Wheelock and son of Prof. Sylvanus Ripley, D. D., of Dartmouth, and was graduated at Dartmouth in 1800. He studied law in the office of Hon. Timothy Boutelle, and of his tax assessed in 1809, .$2 was tax on his income as a lawyer. He was town agent in i8og and 1810, was one of the first board of fire wardens elected in 1809, was chosen by the town as one of the petitioners to the general court to annex Waterville to Somerset county. HISTORY OT WATERVILLB. 21 5 May 7, 1810, he was elected by the town its representative to the general court of Massachusetts and was re-elected, May 13, 181 1. He was Speaker of the House and was elected Senator in 1812. He became lieutenant-colonel of the 21st Regiment j\Iassa- chusetts Infantry, March 12, 1812, and just one year later, colonel. He was made brigadier-general, April 15, 1814, and major-general, July 25, 1814. He was wounded in the attack on Toronto but soon after commanded the 2nd Brigade under Gen. Brown on the Niagara frontier. At the battle of Lunday's Lane, after the wounding of Gen. Brown, the command of the army devolved on Gen. Ripley. He was severely wounded in the battle of Niagara but was conspicuous for gallantry in defense of Fort Erie, August 15, 1814. November 3, 1814, by resolution of Congress, he was presented with a gold medal inscribed with the names, "Niagara, Chippewa, Erie." He remained in the U. S. Army until 1820, stationed in Louisiana. He then resigned, practiced law in Louisiana, served in the State Senate, and was a member of Congress from 1835 to 1839. He died in Louisiana, March 2, 1839. THE AROOSTOOK WAR. From the close of the War of 181 2, the Northwestern bound- ary of Maine was in dispute till 1839, when the Legislature (of Maine) in private session took measures to drive trespassers from their camps in the valley of the Aroostook river. The first detachment in charge of a sheriff was captured and taken to jail at Fredericton, N. B., whereupon the Governor of New Brunswick sent word to Governor Fairfield that he had orders to hold the disputed territory by military force and demanded the recall of all militia from the Aroostook. The people were aroused ; the Legislature indignant ! Money was voted for the protection of the public lands, and a draft of 10,000 men from the militia was ordered and the men sent at once, through the winter snows to the frontier, where they spent three months near Presque Isle, on the Aroostook. A company was drafted here and at Fairfield with Samuel Burrill as captain, and on February 25, 1839 joined the 2nd Regiment at Augusta, and marched through deep snow to the frontier. 2l6 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. A peaceful settlement was enforced by this timely occupation and the troops marched home. A roster of the Waterville-Fairfield company with the names of the Waterville men marked with a star, follows. But one man of this company from Waterville survives, Adrastus Branch. Roll of Capt. Samuel Burrill's Co. I of Infantry, in the detach- ment of the drafted militia of Maine, 2nd Regiment, ist Brigade, 2nd Division, called into actual service by the State of Maine for the protection of its Northwestern frontier, from the 25th of February to the 19th of April, 1839. Commissioned officers : Captain, Samuel Burrill, Fairfield ; lieutenant, John J. Emery, Fairfield : ensign, Charles Cornforth, Waterville.* Sergeants : James Hasty, Jr.,* Elias C. Hallett,* William Gardner,* William L. Maxwell.* Corporals: John Bradbury, Ephriam W. Leach, Daniel W. Tinkham,* Thurston H. Tozier.'* Musicians : Josiah Pearl, Silas Richardson.* Privates: David P. Banks,* Goodwin Bradbury, \\'alter Burleigh,* Adrastus Branch,* Gersham Boston,* Charles Church, Isaac B. Clifford.* Benjamin F. Corson,* Eben S. Cor- son,* Charles E. Dillingham,* William Davis,* Briggs H. Emery, 2nd, John Evans,* Joseph Fogg, William Green,* Heman Gibbs, Jr.,* Abisha Higgins,* James Hey wood, Moses Healey, Jr.,* James Holmes,* Chancellor Johnson,* Williams Lander,* Theodore McGrath,* George W. Priest,* Granville D. Pullen,* Joseph G. Peavy,* William Peavy,* Joseph Peavy,* John Rines, George Rose,* Joseph Ricker, Jr.,* Ivory Ricker,* William Southwick, Henry A. Shorey,* Hartson Smith,* Peter Sibley, Jr.,* Curtis Tobey, William P. Tozier,* William Wood- man,* Charles S. Wyman, James E. Wyman, Sewell Whitcomb,* Thomas Whitcomb,* James Wyman. Officers' servants : Joshua Ellis, Jr., capt's. ; Thomas J. Emerv,* lieut's. ; Oliver Cornforth,* ensign's. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 217 MEXICAN WAR. No record has been found on the rolls of the war department of the enlistment of any volunteer soldiers from Waterville for service during the Mexican War, either for volunteer regiments or for the regular army. The principal recruiting in Maine was at Portland, Bangor, Eastport and Lewiston. Hiram Cothsan enlisted at Bangor, September 28, 1847, giv- ing his birthplace as ^^'aterville, Maine. He was assigned to Company M, 2nd Artillery, U. S. A., and was discharged there- from July 19, 1848, by expiration of service, as a musician. Hostilities began April 24, 1846, with a skirmish which resulted in the capture of Captain Thornton and his party of dragoons by the Mexicans. The act of Congress approved May 13, 1846, declares that "A state of war exists between that gov- ernment (Mexico) and the United States." Treaty of peace was concluded February 2, 1848, ratifications exchanged May 30, 1848, and proclaimed July 4, 1848. From a report of the adjutant general, dated December 3, 1849, (published in Ex. Doc. No. 24, House of Representatives, 31st Congress, ist session), together with certain additions com- piled from the official records on file in this office, it appears that the number of regulars and volunteers received into service dur- ing the war with jNIexico was 101,110. WAR WITH SPAIN. From a "Statistical Exhibit of Strength of \'olunteer Forces called into Service during the War with Spain," published by the adjutant general's office, December 13, 1899, it appears that the total number of volunteers in service during the war was 223,235. This number includes 433 officers who were also officers in the regular army. Our representation in this war is as follows : 2l8 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. first Battalion Heavy Artillery. Avery, Harley E., Co. c, Private. Barnaby Alec, c, Private. Barnes. Ernest A., c. I'rivate. Barry, Richard J.. Jr., c. Private. Bennett, Nelson, A, Private. Butler. Joe, A, P^rivate. Buzzell, Henry F,., c. Corporal. Cabana, Charles L., A, Private. Chanpagne, Mathias, c. Private. Cone, Au,e^iistiis. C, Private. Conway, James J., A, Private. Button, James \V., c. 2d Lieuter Ferguson, William, c. Sergeant. Foster, Ralph H., D, Musician. Francouer, Joseph, C, Private. Furlong, Richard E., c. Private. Greenwood, Arthur, A, Private. Hall, Fred 0.. D, Private. Keniston, Charles W., C, Private. Latlip, Frank C, A, Private. Lessor, Edward, A, Private. Libbey. Llewellyn M., A, Private. McLellan, William J., c, Sergeant. Merrill, F^dmund W., C, Corporal. Moore, Thomas F., A, Private. Perry, Frank F., A, Private. Pooler, David B., C. Private. Pooler, Fred E., A, Private. Pooler, Harry. C. Private. Soucier, Oniseme, c, Private. Sterling, William L, C. Corporal. Thing, Daniel H., c. Private. Vigue, Joseph, A. Private. Volier, Joseph D., c. Private. Willette, Edward, C. Private. HISTORY oP waterville;. 219 First Maine Infantry. Berg, Lars, Burgess, Fred E., Dor, George F., Ellis, Walter L., Gilman, Forest J., Hewes, Irving R., King, Joseph F., Lidstrom, Axel, Pomelow, Trefflin, Pooler, William J., Surman. William J., Winslow, Henry L., L, Private. M, Private. L, Private. B, Private. M, Corporal. L, Private. H, Private. M, Private. Band, Private. M, Private. D, Private. E, Private. Philippine; war. From a '"Table Showing the Organization, Service and Strength of the United States Volunteers Authorized by the Act of March 2, 1899," published by the adjutant general's office October i, 1901, it appears that the total number of volunteers in service during the Philippine Insurrection was 39,178. This number includes 252 officers who were also officers in the regular army. List of Soldiers of Philippine Jl'ar from IVaterville. Burgess, private, Co. C, 43rd (J. S. Inf. ; Butler, Melville, pri- vate, Co. B, 43rd U. S. Inf. ; Barker, Edwin, private, Co. B, 43rd U. S. Inf.: Besse, Edward H., O. M. sergeant, 5th U. S. Inf. ; Chamberlain, William, private Co. B, 43rd U. S. Inf. ; Doe, George Fred, sergeant, Co. I, 43rd U. S. Inf; Dutton, J. W., 1st lieutenant, Co. B, 43rd U. S. Inf.; Furlong, Richard E., Jr., private Co. I, 46th U. S. Inf. ; Hawes, Percy W., private, Co. B, 43rd U. S. Inf. ; Larkin, Phillip, private, Co. B, 43rd U. S. Inf.; Latlip, Fred, private, Co. B, j\yd U. S. Inf.; McLellan, William J., sergeant, Co. B, 43rd U. S. Inf. ; McFarland, Howard, sergeant, Co. B, 43rd U. S. Inf. ; Micue, John, private, Co. B, 43rd U. S. Inf. ; Micue, Joseph, private, Co. B, 43rd U. S. Inf; Micue, Gus, private, Co. B, 43rd U. S. Inf. ; Morgan, G. A., 220 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. U. S. Art. ; Pomeleaii, Trefflie, private. Co. B, 43rd U. S. Inf., (killed in action) ; Preble, Hallis, musician (band) 43rd U. S. Inf. ; Pooler, Barney, private, Co. B.. 43rd U. S. Infantry ; Quint, Willis, private. Co. B, 43rd U. S. Inf. ; Tallouse, Willie, private, Co. H, 43rd U. S. Inf. ; Towle, Winfred, private, Co. B, 43rd U. S. Inf. ; Wilson, George A., Jr., musician (band) 43rd U. S. Inf. REGULAR ARMY AND N.WY. Among the sons of Waterville who have served in the regular army and the navy are : Lieut. Boutelle Noyes. U. S. N. the son of Edwin and Helen (Boutclle) Noyes, was born in Waterville, January 3, 1848. He entered the United Statess Naval Academy, September 26, 1864, and was graduated with honor in 1868. His first service afloat was on the Guerricrreer, flag-ship of the South Atlantic Squadron, 1868-69. He was promoted to be ensign in 1869. He was in the European fleet from 1869-1S72, was promoted to be master in 1870 and commissioned lieutenant in 1873, which rank he held at his death. From 1873-1877 he was with the South Pacific fleet; was on the training ship Minnesota from 1877 to 1880. In 1 88 1 he was ordered to the Asiatic squadron on board the Richmond where he met his death by accident, August 29. 1883. His last command was for his men to save themselves while he, looking out for their safety, died at his post of duty. He had previously received honorable mention for saving the lives of seamen at peril to his own. It was in the days of the Civil War when naval service was of utmost value that Boutelle Noyes gave himself to his country. In the days of peace, promotion was slow, but his high ideals, great ability, and faithful performance of duty seemed to assure the highest rank in his profession. Lieut. Noyes was married, June 25, 1879, to Miss Charlotte Bleecker Luce. Two sons were born to them. Robert Boutelle Noyes and Stephen Henley Noyes. The family home is at New- port, R. I. John Herbert Philbrick, was born in Waterville, Maine, June 15th, 1853; fitted for college at the Waterville Classical Insti- tute (now Coburn Classical Institute) ; entered Colby Univer- sity, (now Colby College), in 1869; graduated in 1873, A. B. ; HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 221 entered West Point Military Academy, July i, 1873, and served there as a cadet until June 15, 1877, when he was graduated and appointed 2nd lieutenant in the nth U. S. Infantry; he was at first stationed at Fort Bennett, and afterwards at Fort Sully, on the western frontier ; in 1879 he was ordered to West Point as acting assistant professor of modern languages at the Military Academy; at the expiration of this assignment he rejoined his regiment at Fort Sully; he was promoted ist lieutenant, April 24, 1886 and served as regimental adjutant from December i, 1889, until the date of his death, July 24, 1890. Francis Bdzvard Nye, son of Hon. Joshua Nye, was born in Waterville, Maine, August 27, 1847 '< entered West Point Mili- tary Academy in 1865, and was graduated in 1869, being assigned to the 2nd U. S. Cavalry, in which he served four years ; at the expiration of this service he resigned and was in business in Augusta, Maine for twelve years, was then appointed captain in the Commissary Department, by President Arthur in 1885; was stationed at Fort Monroe for four years ; at Washington, D. C. for five years; June i, 1896 he was commissioned major, and was stationed at Omaha, Nebraska, for four years, at Chat- tanooga, Tenn., and Huntsville, Ala., for one year ; he was in San Juan, P. R., for two years and since that time has been at Vancouver Barracks, Washington. By regular promotion he has attained the rank of colonel. Major-General Charles Heyivood., Commander of the Marine Corps of the U. S. Army, was a Waterville boy, the son of Lieut. Charles Heywood of the United States Navy, who died at sea. Before he was twenty years old he received a commission in the Marine Corps, April 5, 1858. Before the Civil War he had seen service off the coast of Africa, and off Nicaragua. He was on the Cumberland at Vera Cruz, Mexico, at the outbreak of the war. He commanded the after-gun deck division in the fight between the Merrimac and the Cumberland, and when the latter went down with the flag flying, Capt. Heywood fired the last gun and jumped overboard. "For gallant and meritorious service on this occasion he was brevetted major and received honorable mention from his commander. Afterward he was in command of the guard on the Hartford, Farragut's flagship and, January, 1864, was made fleet marine officer. He was on the Hartford in 222 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. the battle of Mobile Bay, commanding a division of nine-inch giins. For his part in this action he was commended and brevetted lieutenant-colonel. He shared several other engage- ments and at the close of the war was recommended for advance- ment five numbers by a special board. During the railroad riot of 1877 he commanded a battalion of marines and was highly commended for the efficiency of his soldiers as well as for his care of them. He received the thanks of the Navy Department. He rendered important service on the Isthmus of Panama in 1885, commanding a force of 1,100 men and keeping the Panania Railroad open in the midst of revolution. He was made lieu- tenant-colonel in 1888 and three years later became commandant at Washington Barracks. The good work of the marines during the Spanish War and the present superb condition of the force is largely the result of the work of Gen. Heywood, who has inspired the force with his own spirit, perfected its discipline and provided its thorough equipment. At present the Marine Corps enrolls 6,000 men. Gen. Heywood became brigadier-general in March, 1899 and major-general in July, 1902. On the latter occasion a very unusual compliment was paid Gen. Heywood. The Secretary of the Navy, instead of sending the commission by an aid, the usual custom, called in person and presented the commission with words of high appreciation. Charles Leonard Phillips, was a member of the class of 1881 at Colby University (now Colby College), and for three years took high rank in his class ; at the end of his third year he par- ticipated in a competitive examination for entrance to the West Point Military Academy and was the successful candidate ; he entered the Academy and graduated with his class ; was appointed 2nd lieutenant and has since been promoted ist lieu- tenant and captain. Colby College conferred upon him the degree of A. M. (out of course). Otho W. B. Farr was born February 6, 1871. He entered Colby in 1888 and West Point Military Academy in June, 1889. He was graduated in 1893 and was assigned to the 2nd Artillery, stationed at Fort Preble, Me. Afterward at Fort Warren, Mass., Fort Riley, Kan., and Fort Sheridan, 111. He served with light battery A. 2nd Artillery, during the Spanish-American War, taking part in the battle before Santiago de Cuba, July, 1898. HISTORY OF WATEUVILLE. 223 Promoted to be ist lieutenant, March, 1889, and to captain, July I, 1901. Served in Cnba from January, 1899 to January, 1902. Capt. Farr is now stationed at Fort Warren, Mass., and is in command of the 77th Co. Coast Artillery. Alexander Fred. Hammond Yates, son of Mr. and Mrs. A. R. Yates of this city, was born January 11, 1879. He entered the U. S. Naval Academy at Annapolis in September, 1895, and was graduated, January 28, 1899. He served as ensign on the U. S. Ship Detroit during the Spanish-American War, from June 1st to August 23, 1898. In January, 1899, he was ordered to the Asiatic Station, where he has served on the Oregon and Pam- panga and has been in command of the Leyte and Arayat until, his three years' cruise being completed, he was ordered to the United States in the summer of 1902 on a furlough. General Isaac Sparrozv Bangs^ was born in Canaan, Me., March 17, 1831, the son of Isaac Sparrow Bangs and of a family which already for three generations had been prominent in the military and civil history of the Kennebec valley. He was prepared at Rochester, N. Y., for the first class that was graduated at Rochester University but on account of trouble with his eyes did not enter. He began his business life in 1856, was for sometime cashier of the Waterville Bank and afterward becoming interested in granite quarries has done a large business as a contractor. He has also owned interests in milling and other industries. Mr. Bangs had prominent share in the Civil War history of Waterville. He became captain of Co. A, 20th Regiment, Maine Infantry Volunteers ; was soon promoted to be lieutenant colonel 81st U. S. C. Infantry and afterward to be colonel of the loth U. S. C. Heavy Artillery. As reward of meritorious service hei was made brigadier general by brevet at the close of the war. Since the war General Bangs has shown himself loyal to the old soldiers and has done much to advance their interests. He is a charter member and past commander of W. S. Heath Post No. 14, Department of Maine, G. A. R., has been department com- mander and junior vice commander-in-chief of the Grand Army 1. The sketch of Gen. Isaac Sparrow Baugs was prepared by the editors of this volume. It seems to them fitting that it should be inserted here. Editors. 224 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. of the Republic. He organized the Sons of Veterans of the six New England states as the first Grand Division S. of V. of the U. S. A. General Bangs is the author of the chapter in this volume upon the military history of Waterville. To the securing of the list of soldiers which accompanies it he has given a great deal of time and labor and expense. He deserves great credit for this labor of love and patriotism. General Bangs is also member and past commander of the Commandery of Maine of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion. He is a member of the Maine Society of the Sons of the American Revolution and a member of the "Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Boston." In Masonic circles he is a member of the lodge, chapter, council and commandery ; Past Commander and Grand Com- mander of the Grand Commandery of Maine, Knights Templar ; Maine Consistory Ancient and Accepted Rite and Mystic Shrine. October 20, 1857, General Bangs was married to Miss Hadas- sah Jane Milliken, daughter of Hon. Dennis Milliken of Water- ville. They have one son, Dennis Milliken Bangs, who was graduated at Bowdoin and is at present engaged with his father in the insurance and real estate business under the firm name of The L S. Bangs Company with offices in Milliken block. CHAPTER Vlll. THE CHURCHES OF WATERVILLE. By George Dana Boardman Pepper, D. D., LL. D., Lately President of Colby College. The chief wealth of a communitv and the permanent basis of all its other wealth is character, but morals and religion, if not identical, are at least inseparable. Moral law has its origin and seat in the nature of God and he who consciously honors God will take care to conform to his laws. In a centennial review, therefore, a sketch of the history of Waterville's religious life may well have place. It is not practicable, however, to trace that life definitely, save as it has come to organized expression. Hence our view must be confined mainly to the origin and devel- opment of our churches and religious societies. Of the churches here organized none have died out. Nine have been born and nine still live. Named in the order of age they are the follow- ing: Baptist, Universalist, Congregationalist, Roman Catholic, Unitarian, Methodist, Episcopalian, Second Adventist, and Free Baptist. Along with these are other religious organizations, some of them included in some or all of the churches or closely connected with them, and more or less under their care and over- sight. Such are the Christian Endeavor Society, Epworth League, the Young Men's Christian Association, Woman's Asso- ciation and the like. There are other religious movements of more or less significance which are independent of the churches named, such for example as that of "Christian Science," which may claim a passing recognition. From the beginning Massachusetts had, as a state, assumed the control of the religious as well as of the civil life of its citi- 226 HISTORY OF WATICRVILLE. zens and required the several towns to provide religious instruc- tion by legal enactment and to support it by taxation. Before the incorporation of Waterville, Winslow had discharged this duty, — at times, however, so poorly as twice at least to subject itself to legal prosecution ; had built meeting-houses on both sides of the Kennebec ; had secured an able minister of the "standing order" Rev. Joshua Cushman, D. D., (see historical chapter) to divide his services equitably between the different sections of the town and had even voted the terms on which persons might come to the Lord's table. These terms required acceptance of the Bible as a creed and engagement to live purely and peacefully. When Waterville was made a separate town much care was taken in the act of incorporation to define exactly the relative duties or rights of each town as to the existing houses of worship. Waterville at once looked after the religious instruction of its people. It voted in one instance $ioo on condition a certain minister by the name of Allen of Duxbury, Mass., could be secured otherwise only fifty dollars. The usual annual appro- priation seems to have been fifty dollars. The town put a pulpit and in front of the pulpit, "a deacon's seat," in its "east meeting- house" which through subsequent changes became our old town hall, and granted the use of the house for religious meetings to different denominations under certain conditions. It was thus that the old meeting-house, our venerable town hall, became for- most of the churches now in the city a temporary home in the period of their infancy. The town was in the beginning, and from the beginning, catholic and considerate in its treatment of all. Indeed throughout Maine there was, at the beginning of the century, a more liberal spirit toward those not of the state church or "standing order" than elsewhere in Massachusetts. This is probably due to the fact that in Maine the various sects had been represented more fully among the original settlers. THE B.\PTISTS. The First Baptist church of VVaterviUe was organized August 27, 1818. Prior to this there were Baptist churches in the neigh- boring towns of Vassalboro, Sidney, Clinton, China, Bloomfield (Skowhegan), and Belgrade. The first of these was organized UNITARIAN CHTJRCH. KAPTIS'I CHfRCH. HISTORY OF VVATERVILLE. 22/ in 1788, the last in 1806. Waterville was doubtless visited occa- sionally by Baptist preachers. A preacher's diary, under date of 1803, reports a visit to "Watervail" for a preaching service and speaks of the "Methirdous" as meeting in a dwelling house, of "a meeting kept up by a number of Baptists," and of an apparent "revival of religion in the place of late." The Water- ville Baptist church is, in a sense, a child of the college. The Massachusetts legislature in 1813 chartered The Maine Literary and Theological Institution, which in 1820 on a charter given by the Maine legislature, became Waterville College. The Theo- logical Institution began operations in i8i8. Its first faculty was a learned and powerful one, although it consisted of only one man, Rev. Jeremiah Chaplin. He with his family and sev- eral (probably seven) theological students arrived at Waterville on the 25th of June of that year and was welcomed with great gratification by the leading men of the town, and indeed by the citizens generally, for they had earnestly desired and had con- tributed to, the origination of the institution. His residence, still known as the Wood's house, stood where now stands the Elmwood Hotel, and here, as Mrs. Chaplin states in her interest- ing diary, a number of gentlemen called before the first Sabbath, requesting President Chaplin to preach in the meeting-house. He gladly complied and his first sermon was on "God's love to sinners." The attendance was large, the attention close. At subsequent meetings the attention was not less and the attend- ance was greater. Arrangements were made to make perma- nent these public services. Hon. James Brooks, "the accom- plished editor of the New York Express" characterized Dr. Chaplin's discourse as "clear," "cogent" and "as irresistibly convincing as problems in Euclid," and Dr. Wm. Lamson, years after hearing them, remembered them as in style "chaste, simple, suited to the subject and remarkable for their purity," also as "enlivened with striking illustrations." Under the controlling influence of this strong and Godly man twenty persons met at his house on the 27th of August, 1818, and organized The First Baptist church of Waterville. Their names were Jeremiah Chaplin, his wife Marcia Scott Chaplin, Hadley Proctor, John Wakefield, Henry O. Wyer, Samuel C. Dilleway, John Turner, Jr., William Lewis, William Lewis. Jr., David Webb, Manoah 228 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Crowell, Thomas Parker, Abigail Lewis, Mary Showry, Mary Coombs, Mary Coombs, Jr., Eliza Plummer, Hannah Yeaton, Lydia Perkins, Martha Miller. Of these the first seven were connected with the Literary and Theological Institute and the other thirteen had been members of the Sidney, Me., Baptist church. The new church adopted "Articles of Faith," "Articles of Discipline," and a "Covenant." The articles of faith and covenant were substantially like those still accepted, but the arti- cles of discipline numbering twenty-five have disappeared as a separate declaration. Their provision for ruling elders was in a few years found superfluous and the elaborate provision for the correction by punishment of ofifenses was doubtless found to breed rather than correct transgressions. The early church records containly show a vast expenditure of thought, time, and labor in the line of "discipline." In the service of recognition at the town meeting-house Rev. Asa Wilbur of Sidney gave the hand of fellowship and Rev. Otis Briggs of North Yarmouth preached the sermon. So was this ecclesiastical child born, hav- ing by its union of the two elements of school and community, a character which it has ever retained and which has determined in large measure the signal nature and extent of its influence in the worJ,d. To the original twenty members (ten of each sex) there were added during the first year eighteen (nine of each sex). In the first decade the additions were eighty, making a total of one hundred. The need of a house of worship of their own was soon felt, for the continual change of place for the preaching and the social services alike, was unfavorable to growth. Accordingly in 1824 a legally constituted society was formed whose first work was the erection of a new meeting- house. A building committee, consisting of Ephraim Tripp, Daniel Cook, and Avery Briggs, was chosen with power to go forward and build. The contract to build for $3,375 went to James Packard of Readfield. For laying the foundation there was an added expenditure of $100 and a pew worth $125. According to a custom then general, the money was raised mainly by the sale of pews. These were sold partly by private sale and partly by auction and the process was continued for some years. The house was dedicated December 6, 1826 "to the service and HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 229 worship of 'Almighty God by appropriate services consisting of singing, prayer, and a sermon by Dr. Chapin." Stoves for heat- ing the house were voted in 1832. It had the old-time lofty pulpit and high backed pews and a gallery on three sides which with some modifications still remains. As to location, size, plan, adaptation to serve for public worship and for school and college anniversaries, it has proved to be permanently admirable and bears emphatic witness to the sagacity of the leaders in the Bap- tist society of that day. Prior to 1875 ^^ had been more than once somewhat modified within, but it then underwent more radi- cal changes. The small chapel on its north side built in 1836 by Mr. Samuel Redington at his. own expense for social worship was removed and the present vestry connecting with the west end of the meeting-house and forming with it one structure was erected. Until near the present time this addition has furnished, with the main building, sufficient space, but so great has been the enlargement of the Sunday school, that it has been decided to make a still further enlargement and the matter has been placed in the hands of a competent committee to form and report for action a suitable plan. Until 1829, that is, for twenty-one years the church was with- out a pastor and was served by officers of the Literary and Theo- logical Institute and College, for the most part gratuitously. The ministerial services of Dr. Chaplin and after him of Dr. Chapin were, however, as faithful and unremitting as though they had had each no other office than that of pastor. On the 7th of October, 1829, the church called and ordained as their first pastor Mr. Hervey Fittz, a young man just graduated from Newton Theological Institute. He had moral and spiritual earnestness, good sense, tireless industry and an impressive utterance. His salary was $500, of which $400 was paid by the society and the remainder by the Massachusetts Baptist Convention, the first and last aid ever received by the church from such a source. He remained only one year but during that time there was a precious revival at the Ten Lots. From that neighborhood ten were bap- tized of whom seven were of the Bates families which have since added so largely to religious work and worship at home and abroad, especially to the service of song. Rev. H. Fittz after several brief pastorates elsewhere served the Massachusetts 230 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Baptist Convention as its general agent or secretary for thirty- five years, until his death in 1878. In his care and labor for the weak churches of Massachusetts, by visitation, counsel, and preaching, he did very important service. Rev. Henry H. Greene, salary $600, served two years, during which time over forty were received by baptism. We are thus brought to the close of 1833 and of the first fifteen years of the church. The record shows that the total of known living mem- bers of the church at that time was one hundred and twenty- seven. The clerk for the year 1834 states that "owing to defi- ciencies in the former clerks, the records do not contain the names of all the members but this is the most accurate that could be obtained." January i, 1834, was an eventful day for the Baptist church and society and indeed for the town of Waterville, the beginning of a new era, for on that day began the ministry of the young, bovish looking student, fresh from his studies in Andover Theo- logical Seminary, Samuel Francis Smith. He was ordained the month following, February 12, T834, Dr. Babcock preaching the sermon. His name, history and writings are known in many lands. At the seventy-fifth anniversary of the church he fur- nished a paper of "personal recollections" of his pastorate from which the following extracts are made. "I found the congregation peculiar, being made up of three elements, the college, the village people, and the families from the farms in diflferent directions for a distance of five miles. * * * My first sermon after my ordination was from the text Jer. 1 : 6, 'Then said I, Ah Lord, God, behold I cannot speak for I am a child.' * * * Those were the days of 'protracted meetings,' so-called, continuing usually four days, hence called 'four-days meetings.' They began on Tuesday; for four days there was preaching forenoon, afternoon and evening, prayer meetings and inquiry meetings intervened. Saturday brought a single service for prayer and the following Sabbath was the great day of the feast. Evangelists and hired helpers were unknown. The neighboring pastors offered their services without pay in aid of brother ministers. * * * Thg fj^st meeting of this kind was held by this church in April, 1834. Rev. Dr. Tappan of Augusta preached several times most acceptably. Father Sewall, HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 23I home missionary in Maine, gave useful help (both Congrega- tionalists.) ''■ * * I remember one season of about sixteen weeks during which it did not occur to us that we were living in the midst of a revival, but souls, averaging one every week, entered into the kingdom of God." He proceeds to speak of a revival in 1858 which had its origin in the families at the Ten Lots and thence extended to other parts of the town. Personal religion was the general and absorbing topic of thought and con- versation and protracted meetings were held in different parts of the town. The college shared fully in the work and its results. The singing of familiar hymns had a large place in the social services especially at the Ten Lots. Dr. Smith says "There was no visible excitement, there were no sensational discourses. The spirit spoke with his still small voice and human hearts were tender to hear and obey. Attempts were made only to enlist conscience on the side of God and the truth." He speaks of a Sabbath in the early summer when thirty-five received the hand of fellowship. His ministry continued eight years, 1833-1841, during which 170 were received into the church, sixty men and no women, nearly all by baptism. Among them were men and women of high standing and large influence, names still familiar. In 1838, sixty-four joined the church, twenty-nine men and thirty-five women. No wonder that the people of Waterville and especially the Baptist church were exceedingly precious in Dr. Smith's memory until the day of his death and no wonder that the church and community have ever given him a large place in their affections. In his "Personal Recollections" he names and felicitously characterizes one by one over fifty of his former Waterville members and friends, although more than a half cen- tury had passed since his removal from Waterville. Rev. David N. Sheldon at once succeeded to the pastorate but after a year and a half resigned (September, 1843) to become president of the college. In this brief pastorate sixty-four persons became members mostly by baptism and mostly in the last six months of the pastorate during which there was a powerful revival. In this the families of the Ten Lots shared largely as did the College. Professors Martin B. Anderson and Justin R. Loomis were very active and efficient aids to the pas- tor. After a year, in September, 1844, Mr. John C. Stock- 232 HISTORY or WATEKVILLE. bridge, just graduated from the Newton Theological Sem- inary came to supply the pulpit and on the nth of Novem- ber, 1844, was ordained as pastor ; Professor Loomis being at the same time ordained as Evangelist. On the 13th of August, pre- ceding, forty-four members had been dismissed to organize a church in the west part of the town, now Oakland. Mr. Stock- bridge was a man of fine presence, scholarly, genial, courteous, and after leaving Waterville held important pastorates and other positions of influence and from Harvard University received in 1859 the degree of Doctor of Divinity. His pastorate closed August 15, 1847. His successor, William Crowell, (made D. D. 1857 by Rochester University^! began his ministry in November, 1848, was ordained January 31, 1849, and terminated his pasto- rate November 30, 1850. He was earnest, scholarly and able, but less fitted to be a pastor than an editor which he had been before coming to Waterville and again became after leaving. During his pastorate only eight were added to the church, but of discipline and dissatisfaction there was an excess. Rev. N. Milton Wood was pastor during the eight years 1852- 1859. In these years there were two powerful revivals, the first in 1852, the second in 1858, each resulting in large accessions to the church. The whole number received during Mr. Wood's pastorate was 135, seventy-four of them by baptism. Mr. Wood's preaching was clear, strong, direct, scriptural. Pro- foundly in earnest he urged with tremendous emphasis at once, the terrors and the mercies of the Lord, while his known down- right integrity mightily re-enforced his words. Around him as leader, the strong forces of the church rallied and wrought with a will. His unique personality and his remarkable sermons are still remembered clearly by citizens of Waterville. Mr. Geo. D. B. Pepper, a student just graduated from Newton Theological Institute was ordained as pastor of the church, September 6, i860, and remained five years. The Nation's tremendous strug- gle for life, engrossed much of the thought of both people and pastor, as it did the thought of the whole community and nation. It was felt to be the will of the Master that the great principles of righteousness involved in the Civil War and the immeasurable interests pending, should be emphasized by the pulpit, while the fearful sacrifices made by members of the church and society HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 233 demanded continual words of encouragement, cheer and consola- tion. Perhaps this, in part, is the reason why there was no larger increase in the membership of the church in those years. The total additions were fifty-three. The pastor has never ceased to think with grateful wonder of the kindly forbearance and sympathetic helpfulness of his people, both men and women, to Deacon W. A. F. Stevens, superintendent of the Sunday school, and President Champlin, his debt was beyond measure. In February, 1867, after about a year and a half of pulpit sup- ply by Dr. Adam Wilson and others, Rev. B. F. Shaw, D. D., became pastor, continuing his pastorate two and a half years. He is said, and probably truly, to have been the most popular pastor the church has ever had. Excelling as a strong and winning preacher, he still more excelled in the social meetings, by his direct address to the conscience and his sweetly persua- sive appeal to the heart. Truly so large was the attendance at these meetings that it became necessary to enlarge the vestry, and in his short pastorate, sixty-three members were added to the church, forty-three of them by baptism. The salary also, v.-hich until 1852 had been $600 and from that time to Dr. Shaw's, about $800, was now raised to $1,200, and the old time cry of deficit was no longer heard. Four months after Dr. Shaw's withdrawal, Mr. Henry S. Burrage was ordained as pastor, December 30, 1869, and remained until October i, 1873. His preaching was thoughful and instructive : his interest in all that pertained to the life, at once of the church and the community, intelligent and active ; and his influence wholesome and per- manent. At Dea. Stevens' suggestion he prepared and preached, July 9, 1871, a sermon on the history of the church's Sunday- school from its organization in 1827. President Henry E. Robins' was received into the church just before Pastor Burrage left, and through Dr. Robins' influence Rev. Samuel P. Merrill became the next pastor in November, 1873. The church then numbered 207 members. At the close of Mr. Merrill's pastorate, January 15, 1879, the membership was about 360, of whom 144 had bejn received by baptism. These five and a half years were years of intense activity and great achievement. The pastor was a man of boundless enterprise, energy, power of work, and prac- tical wisdom. President Robins, Dr. Hanson, and others were 2.34 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. at the front with him and their contagious enthusiasm took pos- session of the whole body. He. with the co-operation of these workers, at once held a series of special meetings; set a going a flourishing young people's meeting: brought in, at one time in his pastorate, Evangelist Earle, and at another joined his Methodist brethren in revival meetings under lead of the Lynn Praying Band; got the students at work in five of the adjacent school districts, holding services in the school-houses : moved in the formation of a Baptist church in Fairfield ; saw accomplished the transformation of the old meeting-house, and the erection of the present large and commodious connected vestry ; and effected the full inauguration of that mission work among the French people of the place, which has since been successfully prosecuted and now flourishes under the wise and able ministry of Rev. P. N. Cayer. On the 17th of April, 1879, Rev. Wm. H. Spencer (see biog. ch.) began his happy and successful pastorate of twenty years. He brought to the duties of his office and to his life as a citizen such qualities of mind and heart, such integrity, fidelity, industry, nobility, as to command universal respect and to achieve con- tinuous success. He sought and gained for every department of Christian work a constant symmetrical, wholesome develop- ment. To this, his able pulpit ministrations, his watchful pas- toral care, and his practical business sagacity alike contributed. The church was made to see and feel its obligations, not to the people of Waterville only, but to the whole world, and by all possible means to meet those obligations. Special prominence was given to foreign missions, though not to the neglect of any other department of Christian work. His appreciation of the best music secured an enrichment of the service of song, notably in the purchase by the church of a new organ at a cost of $2,200. This ideal pastorate closed February 12, 1899. The) number of additions during it was 590, of which 376 were by baptism. The number of members at its close was 457. There were several seasons of unusual revival interest, but for the most part the growth in number was continuous in connection with the regular services of the church. A considerable fraction of the increase was from the French population. The French mission on the plains, under the immediate pastoral care of its successive min- HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 235 isters, has been from the beginning a source of gain to the church and indeed is itself a branch of the church. On the 6th of October, 1899, R^^. E. C. Whittemore was called to the pastorate and has since discharged its duties with signal ability and success and with rich promise for the future. The purchase of the Gallert property on Pleasant street for a parson- age, was largely through his influence. A Sunday-school which in all its departments, not including the French or any other mis- sion school, numbers about six hundred, and is under the efficient leadership of Superintendents Dea. Horace Purinton and Mrs. A. T. Dunn, powerfully re-enforces the pastor's efficiency. The Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor is largeand vigor- ous, especially when the college and institute students are in town. The woman's mission societies, both home and foreign, are aggressive and helpful to every interest of the church. The organization of women for the care of the church building and other material interests of the church, raises much money for its purposes and promotes its social and spiritual welfare. The church, not including the French mission, raises annually, for home expenses, about $3,500, and for outside causes, nearly $1,000. These figures do not include the money that is given in other than the regular process of collection. Of the large representation which the church, by virtue of its connection with the college, has in various departments of Christian work at home and abroad and of the members, men and women, who for like reason have attained to great distinction, it has not seemed best to speak. A grand roll-call it would be if their names should all be spoken. Yet the church has not attained. The word of both pastor and people is "Fonvard." THE UNIVERSALISTS. It is noteworthy that the first Universalist minister of Water- ville, Thomas Barnes, was also the first Universalist minister ordained in the State, and has been called "the father of the faith in the State of Maine." He visited Belgrade, Water- ville and Farmington in 1802. He had been a Baptist but became a Universalist in Jaffrey, N. H., in 1783. In 1798 he visited Maine and the next vear organized the Eastern 236 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Association of Universalists in Gray, where the next two annual meetings were held, where he was ordained, January 6, 1802. The 1 2th annual meeting of the association was held in West Waterville, called in a report of the meeting "back Waterville," September 5, 1810, and with Father Barnes was another minister, Rev. Isaac Root. Mr. Barnes wrote that "the services were performed before a respectable and crowded assem- bly, with vocal and instrumental music truly animating to every soul." The 15th annual meeting of the association was also held in "back Waterville" and the circular letter written by "Thomas Barnes, clerk" and the minutes of the proceedings signed by "Isaac Root, moderator and "Thomas Barnes, clerk" are still extant. At a meeting of the association held in Winthrop in 1 82 1, there were present eight Universalist ministers. Three "came into the work of the ministry" at that time, "Br. Frost, recently converted from the Baptist order," Sylvanus Cobb, and Wm. A. Drew. It is thus evident that in West Waterville there was more of Universalism than in the east part of the town, and that in this vicinity there had been made a considerable progress by that faith. It is, therefore, not surprising that in this part of the town there shouljJ have been so much of welcome to the cause that it was decided to hold here the annual meeting in 1823. At that meeting a sermon preached by the eminent Rev. Hosea Ballou, won over to the Universalist faith, JMr. Jediah Morrill. From that day until his death he devoted himself whole-heartedly and effectively to the Universalist cause, and as a crowning testi- monial of his love for the society, made to it in his extreme old age, a gift of $3,000, to be a perpetual fund whose income should go for the maintenance of preaching. In 1826, May 28, Rev. Sylvanus Cobb organized a Universalist church in Waterville, consisting of the following persons: Sylvanus Cobb, pastor; Eunice H. Cobb, Nathan Sawtelle, Sarah J. Sawtelle, Elizabeth Blackwell, Hampden Keith, Levi Barrett, Rebecca Barrett, Abel Wheeler, Erastus O. Wheeler, Susanna A. Wheeler, Cyrenus Wheeler, May M. Wheeler, May Eaton, Elizabeth McFarland, Benjamin Carson. Of these, eleven belonged in Waterville, the other six in the neighboring towns of Fairfield, Winslow and Sidnev. RKV. S. F. SMITH. D. D. REV. D. N. SHELDON. D. D. REV. CAI.VIN GARDNER. REV. GEORGE D. LINDSAY. REV. THOMAS ADAMS, D. D. HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. 237 After seven years' service, the last two as pastor of the new church, Mr. Cobb removed to Maiden, Mass., to prosecute that work which gave him so great distinction as a writer and leader. On his removal Rev. W. A. Drew of Augusta preached here occasionally. It was apparently not accidental, that as the Bap- tists began their work in the town under the leadership of men who were an ability and standing among the foremost of their denomination, so also the Universalists had for their first leaders, men of like eminence. . The character of the people and the cir- cumstances combined to make this a requisite to immediate suc- cess. Until 1 83 1 the preaching services had been held, by consent of the town, in the town meeting-houses, under an arrangement equitable to other denominations. The disadvantage of this arrangement and the importance of having a church home of their own had become so obvious and urgent to the Universalists in this part of the town, that they now decided to build for them- selves, a house of worship. To this end the First Universalist Society was organized "at a local meeting of the Members of the First Universalist Society in Waterville holden at the East meeting-house in Waterville, pursuant to notice given on a war- rant granted by Tim. Boutelle Esquire, on the 17th day of Nov- ember, A. D. 1831, at 4 o'clock P. M." Col. Chas. Hayden was chosen moderator ; Alpheus Lyon, clerk ; Jediah Morrill, treas- urer; Wm. Dorr, collector. A committee of six, of which Jediah Morrill was chairman, was "raised" with full power in the name of the society to form plans for a meeting-house, secure a suitable lot, contract for the erection of the house, and sell pews to pay expenses, "the house to be completed one year from date." That they acted with commendable efficiency is apparent, for the next record, bearing date "1832, November 8th," shows votes passed "that the meeting-house be dedicated on the 1st day of January, next" ; that a committee of which Jediah Morrill was chairman "purchase a stove, carpets, etc.," and that "Brother George Bates be invited to preach the sermon at the dedication." A glad day for the society was that first day of January, for now they had their own "house and home." It is an interesting fact that there still remains with us in a vigorous, cheerful old age, one of the forty men who signed the request to Timothy Boutelle 238 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. to issue a warrant to call the meeting for the first organization of the society, — his name, the last on the list, as he is himself the last in the land of the living, — our venerable friend Walter Getchell, whose zeal for his church, to this day, has not failed or even flagged. The cost of the house was $4,200. The clock, costing $300, was given by Jediah Alorrill and a part of the lot (valued at Sioo), on which the house was built and still stands, by Simeon Mathews. An interesting letter of the building committee, being dated, "Waterville. ist July, 1832," written to Mr. Samuel Appleton is still in existence in the possession of Mr. A. A. Plais- ted, the committee consisting of Jediah Morrill, Simeon Mathews, Elah Esty, Alpheus Lyon and Chas. Hayden, say: "Dear Sir: We have raised by subscription, a sum to purchase a bell for our new meeting-house. We wish you to purchase one and have the same shipped immediately. As this is pro bono publico we hope you will not think us trespassing on your goodness too far. We want to purchase a bell from ten to twelve hundred weight. Consult your own judgment in regard to tone and size within these limits : not to exceed in price, $360, should like it on six months ; we should like one not too sharp or flat, but about on letter F for tone. You will, of course, buy on best possible terms." In a postscript Mr. Appleton is asked to inquire for the cost of a clock "suitable for the place, in position," and adds that "we understand that it is the practice to warrant bells ." On the eleventh of the following ]\Iarch the town voted to authorize the selectmen to hire a suitable person to ring the bell on the Universalist meeting-house, three times a day for one year, at an expense not above $30. The building committee had shown excellent judgment in the choice of location and lot, and in the plan for the house and its equipment, and much business energy and ability in the executing of their plan. The goodly house continued to render satisfactorily the designed service until the beginning of 1894, when it was greatly damaged by fire. The society at once set to work to repair it, meeting, meanwhile, in the Unitarian house on invitation of that society. It was voted by the pewholders to expend $1,500 to repair and remodel the house, and the proposition of Mr. Geo. H. Ware to move the house back near to the north line of the lot midway between Elm HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 239 Street and Silver street, and to turn it so tliat it should front to the south, and to make under it a suitable celler, all at his own expense, was thankfully accepted. The first bell, which for some time had been speaking with a cracked voice, was now given in exchange as part payment for a new bell costing $300. Mr. Charles Barney of St. Louis, Mo., gave $150 toward this, and the old bell, estimated at the same amount, paid the remainder. The organ had been sold and a new one bought in 1852, and thorough repairs, at an expense of $600, made in 1854. Mrs. Susan Hoag gave $500 for further repairs in 1879. The house has three memorial windows, one behind the pulpit, given by the late Mrs. F. Smith in honor of her parents. Rev. and Mrs. Gardner ; one by Mr. W. B. Arnold and sisters in honor of their parents ; a third by Miss Hannah Powell's Sunday-school class of young men. From the beginning the society has been vigilant, prompt, and efficient in its business, and has, at the present time, free of debt, a commodious church home admirably fitted to its pur- pose. It is as good as new and in some respects better than when new — better certainly in cherished and sacred memories. The pastors, since the organization of the society, have been Rev. Calvin Gardner, twenty years, September, 1833 — January, 1853; Rev. W. B. Lovejoy, 1853 — '54; Rev. Henry C. Leonard, seven years, 1854 — '61; Rev. A. P. Dillingham, 1862 — '64; Rev. Frank Maguire, 1865 — '68 ; Rev. Joseph O. Skinner, 1869 — 'y^. Since Mr. Skinner's pastorate, the pastoral care of the society has, for most of the time, been in charge of ministers who have divided their labors between this and societies in the neighboring towns. Rev. E. I^L Grant of West Waterville, 1875 — '76; Rev. Amos Battles of Bangor, 18S0; Rev. G. G. Hamil- ton of Oakland, 1882— '84; Rev. R. H. Aldrich of Fairfield, 1884— '88: Rev. S. G. Davis of Fairfield, 1S89— 91 ; Rev. E. L. Houghton, 1892 — '95; Rev. Wm. E. Gaskin, 1895 — '98; Rev. J. F. Rhoades of Fairfield. 1898 to 1902. Under the long and prosperous pastorate of Mr. Gardner the congregations were large and the Sunday school flourishing. Indeed this state of things continued until the organization of the Unitarian society. That event was a severe blow to the Uni- versalist interest, for it drew away not a few valued and influ- ential members. To some, at least, of those that remained, this 240 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. withdrawal seemed almost like treason, and even to have in it a tinge of matricide. But the location of the places of worship respectively, prior religious views and preferences, and perhaps social and other considerations were potent. Probably the old home has been not a whit less dear to the brothers and sisters that remained than it would have been if all had stayed by, and perhaps the influences in the home have been for each heart more strong and helpful — the greater the sacrifice the greater and sweeter the blessing. The interest in the Sunday school and Young People's Christian Union and other religious work is effective and fruitful. A pastorate of twenty years among a people of such intelligence, and financial, business and social standing is itself a high testimony to the worth of Mr. Gardner. The warm regard with which Mr. Leonard is still remembered is due to his signally genial spirit and the purity and elevation of both his life and his preaching. The others have had each his own marked e.xcellencies and wrought faithfully in his own special way and power. The bare mention of some of the famliy names constantly appearing in the records of the society is the most impressive exhibition of its historic position in the town. Among them the Morrill, Mathews, Smith, Moor, Crommett, Hayden, Redington, Philbrick, Getchell, Dorr, Paine, Moor, Arnold, Percival, Esty, Dunn. Phillips, Vose, Tozier — , but one must stop somewhere, though it seems almost an injustice not to go on to the end. One wonders, especially one familiar with the history of the town, where was to be found material for other churches. But Waterville has been and is rich in men and women. There have been enough to go around, and so all the churches and societies come to the end of the century, not only with inspiring memories but also with inspired hope. Under the history of education in Waterville due recognition will be given to the Waterville Liberal Institute. In this con- nection is to be noted the fact that it was a child of the Univer- salist society and an evidence of the intelligence and enterprise of its members. The Baptist society had the college for its mother ; the Universalist society, the Liberal Institute for its child. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 24I THE CONGREC.ATIONALISTS. The Congregational churches of New England are a continua- tion of the Puritan churches, but with important changes. The connection which they held with the state has been severed, and other changes in doctrine and practice have come with the lapse of time, but the Congregationalists and the Puritans of New England are still reckoned as one. In this view it would seem that the religious life provided by the town of Winslow before Waterville's separate incorporation, and by Waterville immedi- ately afterward should gradually and without a break, have developed itself into a Congregational church of the more modern type. This, however, was not to be. Not until August 21, 1828, ten years after the organization of the Baptist church, was the Waterville Congregational church established. Attempts to organize a church of this order, however, were made as early as 1806. Rev. David Thurston of Winthrop, at that time labored here nine weeks. In his journal he writes : "I found no man at the river who was a member of any church. At West Water- ville there were a few members of a Baptist church. The state of religion was low indeed." After eleven years (1817) a Mr. Emerson of Vassalboro was sent here by the Maine Missionary Society to examine the field and, if advisable, to make a second attempt to gather a church. He reported to the society a sad lack of evangelical piety in the place. In consequence of this report, and of the organization of the Baptist church the next year (1818) under the lead of President Chaplin, further effort was for the time suspended. In 1828 the population of the town had so increased (estimated at 2,200 — 2,500, of whom 800 lived in the village) that there seemed to be room for a second evangelical church. Accordingly the five Congregationalists (one man and four women) then residing here, secured the services of Rev. Eben Carpenter to hold a series of revival meetings for six weeks. These were so successful that steps were taken to organize a Congregational church. A council was called to meet August 21, 1828, composed of Revs. David Thurston, of Winthrop ; Benjamin Tappan of Augusta ; George Shepherd of Hallowell ; Josiah Peck of Norridgewock ; and Thomas Adams of Vassalboro, with the lay delegates of their churches. David 242 HISTORY OF WATERNILLE. Thurston was moderator and Thomas Adams scribe. The coun- cil gave its approval to the steps taken and the church was duly organized and recognized. The constituent members were twelve, three men and nine women, seven bringing letters from churches in other towns and five uniting with these by confes- sion of faith. Their names were Geo. W. Osborn, Sophia Pear- son, Rhoda Stetson, Alvan and Sally Blackwell, Sophia Red- ington, Violinda Piper, Asa Redington, Jr., Susan Hastings, Mary Hayden, Cyrena Withman, and Amy Pullen. Rev. Ezra N. Smith, in his historical discourse preached at the church's semi-centennial, said: "This then (was) the little germ of our present vigorous family tree. * * * The church thus estab- lished was small and weak, utterly unable to sustain the regular preaching of the gospel, yet full of courage and hope for the future. Preachers were sent occasionally by the Maine Mis- sionary Society, Rev. Dr. Gillett, the secretary of the society, coming most frequently. * * * The church remained for seven years following its organization without a permanent minister, small and weak, with very little to strengthen it, and laboring under the additional disadvantage of having its place of meeting shifted hither and thither." In the latter part of 1834 Rev. Thomas Adams, who for sixteen years had been the very successful pastor of the Vassalboro Congregationalist church, came to Waterville, held a protracted meeting, infused new life into the church, welcomed to its fellowship new members, secured the erection of a good meeting-house and on the day of its dedi- cation, September 27, 1836, was installed as pastor. Up to this time, while acting as stated supply, twenty-six new members had been received. Another protracted meeting of eight days' con- tinuance was held immediately after his installation in which Drs. Pond of Bangor and Tappan of Augusta had part. Although his pastorate closed August 31, 1838, one year and eight months after his installation, twenty-one persons had mean- while been added to the church, making in all, during his minis- try, forty-seven additions. Rev. Calvin E. Park, ordained and installed as pastor, October, 1838, served five years and eight months and the results of his work were seen in a steady growth in the members of the church. The new members received, during that time, were thirty-nine. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 243 Roswell Dwight Hitchcock, afterward eminent as an educator and president of Union Theological Seminary, supplied the church for one year, 1844-5. He was succeeded by Richard B. Thurston, who was ordained and installed November 10, 1846. Next to the pastorate of Rev. E. N. Smith, Mr. Thurston's is the longest in the history of the church, eight years and four months, closing March, 1855, Under him thirty-seven were added to the church. On the 15th of November of this same year Rev. Wm. B. Greene became pastor, receiving, like his two predecessors, both ordination and installation. During his three years' stay, forty-five were added to the church. Rev. Edward Hawes was the ne.xt pastor. He came directly from the Bangor Theological Seminary and was ordained and installed in 1858, remaining as pastor until 1864. It is an interesting fact that Rev. Josiah T. Hawes, the father of Edward, was the first young man whom Rev. Thomas Adams, the first pastor of the church, received into the Vassalboro church, and, indeed, into any church, since the Vassalboro pastorate was his first. For a man only twenty-four years of age and without experience in public life to take his place in the line of pastoral succession was a severe test. Mr. Hawes stood this test grandly. He had a clear mind, an appreciation of the best thought, a strong hold on the truths of the Gospel, practical tact and good sense, loyalty and love to his denomination and church, a fine presence, excellent rhetoric and oratory, and sweetness combined with light. He excelled as a platform speaker not less than as a preacher, and at the outbreak of the war, was in demand for rally meetings. His church and society were as one with him in all his efforts. He writes of his ministry here, that he "lived it happily for six years, without friction, and without a single unkind act or word to remember, and that the parting was, he believed, with mutual regret." There are many living who will not doubt that this is a true statement. During his ministry, fifty-five were added to the church, and important changes for the better made in the material and social interests of the society. After Mr. Hawes had left, the Rev. P. C. Headley, author of several biographical volumes for young people, supplied the pul- pit for some months, ind on the 22nd of March, 1866, Benjamin A. Robie, just graduated from Andover Theological Seminary, 244 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. was ordained and installed. His ministry of five years was eminently satisfactory and his resignation in March, 1871, was reluctantly accepted. During his pastorate, thirty-four new members were received. After a supply of the pulpit for nine months by Mr. Calvin G. Hill, just graduated from Bangor, and the short pastorates of Rev. James Cameron and Rev. Mr. Crum- rine the Rev. C. D. Crane became pastor of the church. Although not remaining a full two years, he wrought with such effect as to make these years among the most prosperous in the history of the church. His successor, Mr. Smith, said of him that he introduced into the fold an element of youthful vigor and strength containing great promise of future usefulness and growth. By his ministry to the church and his marriage to a daughter of Waterville, Mr. Crane identified himself with the city in such a way as to make this a home where he is ever wel- comed. Rev. Ezra N. Smith (1877 — '88) was a man of spirit- ual wisdom and practical sense, and by his modest integrity and ■wholesome influence commanded the respect of the entire com- munity and greatly strengthened his church and society. Rev. Leavitt H. Hallock, who succeeded him, (1889 — '92) was full of enterprise, the results of which are visible to those who walk our streets. His successor, Rev. George V. Washburn (1893 — '96), was in theology conservative. A man of rare conscien- tiousness and downrightness. The present pastor. Rev. Edward L. Marsh, began his ministry here in 1897. Without neglecting other applications of the Gospel, he emphasises especially, its power for civic righteousness and for the salvation of the young. Most of the pastors of the church have been young men. About one-half of them directly from the theological seminaries. Yet the pastorates, though averaging high for ability, have averaged low for length. Dr. Hawes, in a recent letter writes as follows : "I went back to Waterville to attend the fiftieth anniversary of the church. I think it had had thirteen pastors. It was an inter- esting fact that the first pastor. Rev. Thomas Adams, and the last, myself, were present on that occasion, and that no one of the number between had died. A ministry in Waterville was in no case fatal." The church has given to the Gospel ministry two of its mem- bers. Revs. Charles H. Pcrcival and William F. Jordan. Two HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 245 members of the society gained distinction in the Civil War, Wil- Ham S. Heath, who entering the army with the rank of captain, became Heutenant-colonel, and was killed early in the war at Gaines' Mill, and Francis E. Heath, familiarly known as Colonel Heath, although he had reached the rank of brevet general. In the teaching profession it has been repre- sented by Mrs. Mary Hanson, long associated in instruction with her husband in the Coburn Classical Institute ; Prof. Wallace S. Elder, Miss H. M. Parmenter and others of like ability. In addition to the regular preaching services of the church on Sundays, and the weekly social meetings, there are maintained the appropriate activities of Sunday school and Christian Endeavor Societies (young people). The Sunday school has 221 members; the Y. P. S. C. E., 80 members. In this centen- nial year there has been introduced a course of systematic instruc- tion in the work of home and foreign missions, chiefly as carried on by the Congregationalists. A graded course extending through one year has been prepared by a competent committee. The Sunday school gives the fourth Sunday of each month to one lesson of this course, and a teachers' meeting is held in prepara- tion to teach it. The amount given for missions, at present, averages a trifle more than one-tenth of all moneys raised. The average is $3,000 for home expenses, and $330 for missions. The organizations for woman's work were in 1901 united under the name '"Federated Church Workers." One day each week is known and observed for "church work." This centralization has been a source of strength. The "Workers" are about to expend $800 in church repairs. The church at a very early date took an advanced position on the temperance question. At a quarterly fast meeting, March 5, 1836, it was "resolved that in the future the unfermented fruit of the vine be used by the church at its communion." Again, September 3, 1837, after a preamble affirming the current Chris- tian judgment of the sin of the liquor traffic and the urgent need that the church testify against it, it was "resolved, that those who may hereafter unite with this church shall be considered as pledg- ing themselves by that act totally to abstain from the use of intoxicating drinks as a beverage. Resolved, that if any mem- bers of this church shall, after this expression of its views be 246 HISTORY OF WATKRVILLE. engaged in the traffic of intoxicating drinks except for use in medicine or the arts, they shall be dealt with as for any other immorality." The spirit of the fathers lived in those that fol- lowed. Joshua Nye, still living in Boston. Mass., at an advanced age, was for many years foremost in the activities and support of the church and foremost also in the enforcement of the prohib- itory law. In i865-'66 he was by the town made "inspector of the police," and on the 12th of March, 1866, the town passed a unanimous vote of thanks to him "for his heroic and successful efforts in shutting up the rum shops." As soon as the church had a pastor (1834) it set itself to the task of securing a suitable meeting-house. The sum of $1,000 was raised in the town by the sale of shares, the present site was purchased, and a building begun. Its vestry was completed by Thanksgiving Day, 1835, and on that day the first service in it was held. The vestry served the church until the next year (1836) when the whole house was finished and dedicated. Father Adams preached the sermon. "During the pastorate of Rev. Edward Hawes the meeting-house was cut in halves and the two ends moved apart, the space between was then filled and thus the building much enlarged." While Rev. Ezra N. Smith was pastor the present vestry was built and the original vestry under the church converted into a supper room. "In 1889, dur- ing the pastorate of L. H. Hallock, the meeting-house was again extensively repaired at a cost of nearly $3,000. The organ was moved to the front, the pews upholstered, the walls and ceiling frescoed, a porte cochere built over the front door and the whole building lighted by electricity. During this pastorate also the parsonage was built. The so-called Mayo lot at 9 Park street was purchased for $3,000 and the parsonage built at a cost of $5,000. Of this money $2,000 was raised at the time and a sink- ing fund established in the Building and Loan Association by which the balance was to be paid by shares of $1.00 a month each. The church paid two legacies, one of $1,000 from the estate of Mr. Alfred C. Burleigh, and one of $500 from the estate of Mrs. Mehitable Stark toward this fund, and January i, 1902, at its annual roll-call meeting, it subscribed $280 to pay the bal- ance of the parsonage debt. The parsonage was dedicated Christmas night, December 25, 1890, and the last dollar of indebt- HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 247 edness for it paid January i, 1902. Another bequest of $500 from the estate of Miss Betsy R. Brown remains to the church as a permanent fund. With such material equipment does this church cross the line into the second century of Waterville's history. ■ THE CATHOLICS. In colonial days the conflict between the French and English in this country carsied with it somewhat of conflict between Catholicism and Protestantism. In this immediate vicinity was this realized. The tragic story of Father Rale, the French mis- sionary to the Indians, and of his tragic death with the destruc- tion of his Christian Indian village in Norridgewock in 1724 has been briefly recited in the historical address. The monument which stands on the spot and commemorates that bloody event of rough wild war, commemorates also the first appearance of Roman Catholic work and workers in this neigh- borhood and doubtless on the very ground where now stands our flourishing city with its successful Catholic church. In that old time war the Frencli and their church were expelled ; in tbis new time peace they and their faith are back again. The antagonism has not returned. Politically we are one as Americans : Religiously we grant each to the other that free- dom which we claim each from the other. So do we dwell together in peace and mutual good will. After the year 1724 the Indians, who had been driven to the Penobscot, were occasionally visited by priests from Quebec. There were a few white Catholics, Acadians, on territory belong- ing to New Brunswick, along the St. John's river. In 1822, nearly a hundred years after Father Rale's death forty-three Catholics in Portland united in a request to the bishop of Boston to send them a priest, at least for a visit. At that time the bishop of Boston, the Rt. Reverend John Cheverus, afterward Cardinal Archbishop of Bordeaux, governed all the Catholics of New England, among whom, however, there were only four priests. One of these, the Rev. Denis Ryan, was at Whitefield, Maine, only a short distance, therefore, from Waterville. There is no evidence that he ever visited Waterville, or that there were Cath- olics here so early to require his services. The French had begun 248 HISTORY or WATERVir.LE. to come down from Canada, by the route ever since taken in 1830, and in 1835 there were already in town, mostly if not wholly on the Plains, some thirty families. Among these were the families of James Perry, Caspar Pooler, and one by the name of Ranco. At that time Father Fortier came now and then to visit and minister to these people, and after him more frequently there came to the growing flock Father Babbst from Bangor. In 185 1 the number of Catholics had so increased that they formed the purpose to erect a house of worship and to have stated religious services. Hitherto they had met in a private dwelling, still standing a little to the north of the Protestant mission chapel and known as the Matthieu house. In the Waterville Mail of that year appeared an article with the following heading : "A Catholic Church in Waterville." The article says: "We are glad to learn that efforts are in progress to secure the erection of a small chapel for the worship of the Catholics. Mr. Caspar Pooler and Mr. James Pooler (Perry?) both of whom are said to be honest and worthy men, are entrusted with the raising of funds. We heartily commend the enterprise to the benevolent and to the liberal minded of all sects and classes. A large num- ber of families among us are deprived, by their honest convic- tions, of the privileges and benefits of public worship. That a church of their own will tend to their moral and mental improve- ment we can hardly suppose there will be a doubt. The under- taking is one that would improve that section of our village and we heartily commend its movers for their efforts. Let those connected with other sects see that "the Greeks are at their doors' and the charity which is at the basis of their religion will tell them what to do." This disposition of the Protestants to aid their French Catholic friends was shown in liberality not only at the beginning but subsequently from time to time in their larger and later enter- prises, and was duly appreciated and acknowledged. More than once did the Catholic pastor publish in the Waterville Mail his card of thanks in behalf of his people for generous aid furnished especially in connection with church fairs. This liberal dispo- sition and grateful appreciation at and from the beginning have contributed not a little to the development of that marked good will which has ever characterized the mutual relations of Cath- HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 249 olics and Protestants, French and Americans in this town and its neighborhood. The effort to secure funds for the new chapel was successful. The chapel was erected on Grove street. It was a modest structure, in every respect suited to its purpose. An estimate by one who had something to do with its erection and who worshipped in it regularly until the erection of the new house reckons its seating capacity at not less than 300. This exceeded the immediate needs of the church, but the leaders fore- saw that there would be in the future as there had been in the past a constant increase in the Catholic population by births and immigration if in no other way. They could not forsee, nobody could the rapidity and extent of the increase, especially that which followed the erection of the Lockwood Mills and the initia- tion and development of other industries. In the last part of its twenty years of use as a chapel it was wholly inadequate, and it was obviously necessary to substitute for it another structure or to have two. The former decision was wisely reached and on the erection of the large brick edifice now standing and in use at the corner of Elm and East Winter streets the old chapel was sold and moved up to a lot near the Congregational church where it still renders service in changed form as a private dwell- ing. Until 1857 the little church on the Plains was imder the pastoral care of visiting priests. Father Nicolyn was the first resident pastor and was succeeded by Father L'Hiver and he in turn by Father Picard. The year 1870 begins a new era in the history of the Catholic church in Waterville. In that year came to the pastorate Rev. D. J. Halde. In was evident to him and to all that a large and costly house in a better location was urgently needed, was, indeed, an imperative necessity. He and his brethren set them- selves at once with wisdom and vigor to the formation and execu- tion of plans to secure the needed house. In a December num- ber of the Waterville Mail of 1871, Father Halde has a card of thanks to the American friends for their patronage of a fair for raising funds for the new church and the Mail of July 5, 1872, says : "The Catholics have broken ground for their new house, corner of Elm and Winter streets. The old Sanger house, built by Rev. Sylvanus Cobb, first Universalist minister in Waterville, has been moved to near the south line of the lot and drawn back 250 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. about six feet, and the church will be in line with the house. The church will be a Gothic structure 50x120 feet, twenty-six feet posts, with a spire 120 feet in height and it will seat about 600 persons. The outside will be of brick with heavy buttresses and it will be an ornament to the street." There were apparently some changes of plan in its erection, for at its completion the height of the spire is given as 126 feet. The height of the Uni- tarian spire was given as 128 feet and of the Methodist as 133 feet, nine inches. Another Catholic fair, patronized by the "Amercan friends" netted $955.22. The name given to the church was that which it still bears, "St. Francis de Sales Church, Waterville," and it was dedicated (consecrated) on Sun- day, June 14, 1874. The sermon was by Bishop Bacon of Port- land. A service of confirmation was held in the church in the afternoon. The completion of this noble structure so admirably located and so perfectly adapted to its purposes was an event of great significance and a great joy to Father Halde and his flock. They deserved and received the hearty congratulation of their friends. Another event of equal, if not greater, significance was the coming of Rev. Narcisse Charland in 1880 as the successor of Father Halde. For twenty-two years he has filled even to over- flowing this important and ever increasingly important pastorate. Abundant, tireless, faithful in his ministrations to his own people, he has also labored not a little for the Catholic church in North Vassalboro. Oakland and elsewhere and has always taken a deep interest in all that pertains to the city's welfare. He has shown great enterprise and sagacity in enlarging the plant of the church. In 1886 he bought of Mrs. Ingalls the McCaflfrey property for $3,600 and expended upon it $1,000 additional to make of it a parochial residence. The next year he built in the rear of this property a parochial school which he completed in 1888 at a cost of $7,000. In 1891, at a cost of $8,788 he built and furnished for the Ursuline Nuns, whom he had previously brought from Canada, a convent building within which is a boarding school. In the Ursuline community there are nineteen sisters who instruct 500 children. Father Charland in 1895 built at an expense of $8,000 the beautiful rectory in which he has lived since the beginning of 1896. HISTORY OF WATERVII.LE. 25I There is need of more room for his schools and he is now erect- ing another building. Early in his ministry he found it neces- sary to associate with himself as assistant another priest, and still later a second. As nearly the entire French population of Waterville and vicinity and many besides are members of his church it is obvious that there are ample demands upon the time and strength of all three. The four successive services of each Sunday at which there is on the average an aggregate attend- ance of about 3,400, i. e., at the first and third services l,ioo each and 600 at each of the other two. The constant succession of marriages and of funerals, and the personal care and counsel of the great multitude, a care which extends through all the days of all the weeks, involve an incalculable amount of labor and responsibility. No ordinary man could fill the pastoral office of this great church as Father Charland fills it, and discharge with signal success its multifarious duties as he discharges them. No wonder that his people revere and love him. Nor is it wonder that beyond the limits of his own parish his work and worth are so recognized as to confer upon him honor and impose upon him corresponding duties. Under Bishop Healy he was a member of the Diocesan Council, and he now holds for the Maine Diocese the two important positions of examiner of the younger clergy and defensor of the marriage tie. Only fifty-two years of age, with a strong constitution, robust health, and abounding vigor, he may well look around for new worlds to conquer. THE UNITARIANS. Rev. J. L. Seward, m a discourse preached at the dedication of the Ware parlors said : "In a very proper sense we may regard Rev. D. N. Sheldon, D. D., as the father of Unitarianism in Waterville." If, however, one were to seek for the father of that Unitarian thought which unorganized had before been diffused through the community and whose existence Mr. Seward recognizes, it might appear that Rev. Joshua Cushman, D. D., rather than any other could claim that distinction. The tenor of his public discourse was signally "liberal" and much more fitted to develop the faith of Unitarianism than that of the "standing order"' to which he belonged. But a large part of 252 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. those who by preference were Unitarian? had idenlitied them- selves with the Universahst society, had there found a congenial home and had been in all respects influential supporters of that cause. In the earlier years of organized religious life in Water- ville the lines were drawn sometimes rather sharply, between the Baptists and the Universalists and even at this late day we now and then hear an isolated echo of an old time conflict. Unques- tionably Dr. Sheldon was the supreme factor in the movement which on July 25, 1863, issued in the organization of the First Unitarian Society of W'aterville. One may not perhaps say that no other man could have brought this event to pass as success- fully but for this work he had a rare combination of qualifica- tions. His previous life in the town, first as pastor of the Bap- tist church and then as president of the college, had brought him into close and influential relations with the community and espec- ially with those persons more or less closely affiliated with the Baptist cause who yet were somewhat inclined to Unitarianism. In natural and acquired ability he was a man of note, thinking clearly in religious and philosophical lines, and expressing his thought in pure idiomatic English ; he was social and familiar with people of all religious preferences and connections and duly aggressive in his private as well as public advocacy of the prin- ciples then only recently professed by him, and his character and reputation were such as to command confidence in him as a leader in the proposed enterprise. Some of his personal friends secured him to preach two sermons in the town hall in the months of June and July respectively in 1859. They interested others to unite with them in the successful eflfort to secure his services for ten Sabbaths during i860. These too were held in the town hall and usually at intervals of one month. The increase of interest and of the number interested was constant, so that at the close of i860 Dr. Sheldon was engaged to preach during 1861 on the second Sabbath of each month, continuing, however, as pastor of the Unitarian church in Bath until the end of the year, when he resigned that pastorate to become the pastor of those people who, as yet not formally organized as either church or society, were united in attachment to him and his views and in readiness to give and work to plant here a Unitarian vine. His first sermon as their pastor was preached January i, 1862. He HTSTOKY OF WATERVILLE. 253 moved his family from Batli to Watcrville April 3. 1862, and resided here until his death. (See biog. ch.) The First Unita- rian Society of Waterville was organized in the town hall July 25, 1863, and its constitution adopted in the same place on the 27th of the same month. The formal application for a warrant directing the call for a meeting to organize was presented July 17 of the same month to E. L,. Getchell, Esq., justice of the peace, signed by D. L. Milliken, John Ware, Wm. Dyer, Geo. Went- worth, L. E. Thayer, James P. Blunt, Ira H. Low, G. A. Phillips, and C. K. Mathews. The constitution adopted was brief and simple, consisting of five articles determining: (i) The name of the society ; (2) its officers ; (3) their duties ; (4) the condi- tions of membership (which were admission by vote of the society and signing of the articles) ; (5) the right to amend or add to the articles. To it was prefixed a statement of the pur- pose of the society as follows : For the public worship of God, the promotion of piety, the extension of religious knowledge, the aid of Christian charities, and, generally, for such objects as religious societies have in view. Rev. D. N. Sheldon, Franklin Smith, E. L. Getchell and Ephraim Maxham were elected as members on the evening of its adoption. Of subsequent addi- tions to membership there seems to be no record until December 27, 1894, when it was "voted that the following named persons be accepted as members of the society, said persons to become full members upon signing their names upon page 250 of these records." In explanation of this somewhat peculiar action and its result one must take into consideration the formation of the church organization in distinction from that of the society of which an account is given below. It was evidently felt that the special ends which it was the purpose of the church to attain could be better realized without a separate organization. Accordingly, to the page on which were to be signed the names of those who would be full members of the society there was prefixed the fol- lowing "bond of fellowship :" "Recognizing no other test of fellowship than fraternity of spirit, we adopt the following state- ment as indicating the value of the tie that binds us together. In the love of truth and in the spirit of Jesus we unite for the worship of God and the service of man." This is an abbreviated 254 HISTOKY OF WATEK\"ILIX. repedtion of the original statement of the object of the society, and in effect a declaration that the chiirch organization was superfluous. Its functions as a distinct bodv had already been suspended and have not since been revived. Two hundred and fiftr names, both men and -women, make up the list of those who were accepted as members. Onl}- thirtT;--ihree signed on the designated page. Many were both called and chosen but few heard and heeded. This was doubtless due, not to lack of s>-m- patfay with the cause, "but to an emphatic individualism which is comparatively independent of organization.'' Those not sign- ing have doubtless been as loyal supporters of the sodetj- as have the signejs. The "accepted" members and the "full members" share alike in all the acti-vities of the society. The purpose and effect of signing the bond was not to create an outward distinc- tive activity but to express the normal prindple of the society- life and so to develop it. There -was no church organisation until September 2, 1888, when the pastor. Rev. J. L. Seward, advocated and secured one. In his record of its formation. Pastor Seward states that imtil that date "no church (Unitarian) in the proper sense had ever been organized (in Waterv-ille) ," and adds that its (covenant was composed In- the venerable 'Rex. D. X. Sheldcm, D. D., who took an active interest in the formation of the diurch." The '"covenant," is in form a creed or "Declaration" of faith, wth dght articles. They affirm belief in God as the supreme object of worship ; in his Son Jesus Qirist as the best manifestation of God ; in Christianit}- as a di^nne law of life ; in the Bible, especially the New Testament, as a product of divine inspiration and the best teaching ever given to the world ; in personal immortality and the necessity of faith, hope and love as a condition of well- being; in the brotherhood of mankind and God's good pleasure "to bring them all through whatsoever discipline to final holiness and happiness ;" in public worship and the ordinances of "Bap- tism and the Memorial Supper; and finally in the dutj- not to make these articles an authoritative creed or test of church fel- lowship but to "respect and honor all earnest seekers after truth and righteousness." The constituent members or original "Cov- enanters" were twentA-four. There are now forty-six names on the rolls. These are all of whose admission to the church there HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 255 is anv record. The six covenanters whose names appear first on the list are those of Pastor Seward, Dr. and Mrs. Sheldon, Mr. and Mrs. Simeon Keith and Mr. H. D. Bates. The honor- able list of twent>-four is closed and crowned with the name: "Mrs. Sarah M. W^are, widow of John Ware, Sr."' For the origination and maintenance of the church to the close of his ministn,- as also for the preservation of its records in the most complete and admirable form, great credit is due to Pastor Seward. The record book, to which little has been added since he left, is, for the time covered by his pastorate, in all respects a model. Other organizations connected with the society have been or now are the following : Sunday school ; Ladies* Circle, dating from 1880, with Mrs. Sarah \\"are as president until her death ; Women's Auxiliar}% the ^\'ate^^•^lle branch of the Unitarian Women's Auxilian.-. ha\-ing for its object religious study and missionary and denominational work: the Sorosis, a society of the young ladies of the Unitarian church, dating from 1S89. and the Fatima Club, both ha\nng as their object work in the interest of the society. The "house and home" of these organizations, the edifices in whidi they gather, are admirable and adequate alike in respect of the location, the buildings, and their furnishings. The Town Hall was the meeting-house of the Unitarians at the beginning. In 1865 a movement \\-as made to raise money for a suitable house of their own. In October of that year the American Uni- tarian Association, through its secretary-, promised to the sodetv $2,000 toward the proposed house on condition that it should be erected free from debt, and a prescribed bond executed. At a meeting of the society, November 11, the gift with its condi- tion was accepted, and thanks voted to the association and by name to seven men in Portland for aid in building. Its erection was vigorously pressed and in the summer of 1S66 it was ready for the sale of pews. They were sold at auction, in August. some on the 13th, some on the 15th and some on the i8th, while a few remained unsold. Mr. G. A. Phillips was auctioneer, and the three sales together realized $2,664. There are recorded votes of thanks "to Alben Emer>-, Esq. of Wate^^'ille. for his munificent gift of a bell for our house of worship ;" "'to J. M. 256 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Crocker, Esq., for his valuable present of a clock;" "to Col. R. H. Greene of Winslow for a Bible ; to Geo. F. Gilman, Esq., of New York, for a beautiful set of pulpit furniture and of gallery chairs and for his many other manifestations of interest in our welfare." We can well imagine the satisfaction with which the following sensible resolution was passed : "Resolved ; that we look with delight upon the architectural beauty of our house of worship and feel justly proud that this fine edifice is the work of Waterville mechanics." Then was added a vote of thanks to James P. Blunt, Esq., the master mechanic, and "to the home talent employed by him." The house was dedicated, Septem- ber 4, 1866. The sermon was by Edward Everett Hale, D. D., of Boston, Mass., and the prayer of dedication by Rev. C. C. Everett of Bangor. The clock in the tower was presented in 1869 by Samuel Appleton, Esq. In 1889 the beautiful building known as "The Ware Parlors" was erected, furnished and presented to the society through the munificence of Madame Ware. This building was dedicated January 14, 1890. The principal address was by Pastor Seward and there were congratulatory addresses by other pastors. For Sunday school work, committee meetings, the social and kindred functions of the society and church the Ware Parlors have been constantly and greatly useful. Mrs. Ware gave the building without restriction as to its use, assured that there would be "the strictest observance of propriety in determining the right and expedient uses to which it should be put." Madame Ware had also, in 1881, made to the society a permanent loan, practically an outright gift, of "the sweet voiced organ" by which the church services have been so enriched, and "for a term of years" the fine residence by the Park, now owned by one of her sons, Mr. Edward Ware, was granted to the pastor, rent free. It was appropriate that "a very fine portrait of Madame Ware, in a heavy rich frame," and tablet recording the gift of the building were placed in the Ware Parlors before its dedication, in recognition of all that she had been and had done for the society. There have been in all eight pastors of the society and church. David Newton Sheldon, D. D., 1862-1876; Rev. John Adams Bellows, 1878-1883; Rev. Daniel Rowe, i884-'85, less than one HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 257 year; Rev. Albert Corydon White, 1885-1887; Rev. Josiah Lafayette Seward, B. D., 1888-1893; Rev. Thomas Jefferson Valentine, 1894-1897; Rev. John William Barker, November i, 1897-September 8, 1899; Rev. Arthur G. Pettengill, September, 1900 to the present, and still pastor. As has appeared from the record above given, the pastorates of Dr. Sheldon and Mr. Seward were specially significant. Under the former's able and prolonged leadership the society came not only to its birth but also to its full maturity, in a rapid and natural growth. Next in length were the pastorates of Mr. Seward and Pastor Bellows, each five years. Mr. Seward was a man well qualified for leader- ship. Whole-hearted and tireless in promoting the interests of his own people, he was scarcely less interested in all that affected the welfare of the city, and responded readily to calls for ser- vice as a member of the school board and in other ways. Young men were attracted to his public services and in large numbers came under his immediate personal influence. Pastor Bellows made his mark as a brilliant preacher. The other pastors have been educated men of high character and have contributed each his part to maintain and promote the cause. Pastor Pettengill is still making his record emphasizing the spiritual life, and his work goes forward with good promise. While the efficiency of a church depends largely upon its pas- tors, it depends still more upon its members. The Unitarians of Waterville have from the beginning had at least their full share of men and women foremost in ability, culture and influ- ence. Whatever may be true as to the present relative standing of the society among the Unitarian societies of the State, there can be little doubt that to the Unitarians of Waterville belongs- the possibility of making it rank among the foremost. THE METHODISTS. Tlie early history of the Methodist church in Waterville is a story of struggle : Those who first tried, found it exceedingly hard soil for Methodism. While they received encouragement in adjoining towns, the early itinerants strangely avoided Water- ville. We have no accounts of any visits to this place by Metho- dist preachers until 1827 or 1828, when Rev. Ezekiel Robinson. 17 258 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. then preacher in charge of Fairfield circuit, preached occasionally in Waterville, and organized a small class. This class was of brief continuance. In 1832, Rev. Martin Ward preached for a while in Water- ville and organized a class of seven persons of which James Parker was leader. In 1833, Rev. P. P. Alorrill preached here once in four weeks on the Sabbath. In 1835, Rev. Marcus Wight rendered the same service and the membership was increased to twenty-five. Because of discouragements, the meet- ings were discontinued, and the ground abandoned until 1843, when Waterville was made a mission station with Rev. Luther P. French preacher in charge. The Town Hall was secured for meetings — a good congregation gathered and a Sunday-school organized. In 1844, Rev. Stephen Allen was appointed to this field with a missionary appropriation of $150. Incipient measures were taken for building a house of worship and a church site bar- gained for, but as Mr. Allen left at the close of the year, the building enterprise was abandoned. In 1845 Asahel Moore sup- plied the mission; in 1846, Rev. Chas. Munger. The society again became discouraged and the field was abandoned. In 1851, Rev. Stephen Allen was again appointed to preach in Waterville. He remained two years. Quite a revival occurred, and there was some talk about building a fine house of worship, but because of financial embarrassment the enterprise was not attempted. During the years 1851-1856, Revs. Stephen Allen, D. Water- house and Caleb Fuller were the appointed preachers, the first and third serving two years each, the second, one. The question of building a meeting-house was again raised in connection with a revival under Mr. Allen, and was taken up anew under Mr. Fuller, when an eligible site was engaged and arrangments to build nearly matured. But nothing further was done. The society was broken up, the membership nominally transferred to Fairfield charge, and for the next twelve years the society was connected with that charge. In 1867 Waterville was again made a separate appointment with thirty members, and missionary funds were appropriated toward the support of the society. This was effected mainly, by the efforts of Rev. Hobart Richard- son, then a resident of Waterville. Rev. J. H. Movers was HISTORY or WATERVILLE. 259 appointed preaclier in charge. There were held regiilarly, a Sunday morning preaching service in the Town Hall, a Sunday evening preaching service in a 3d-story hall in Marston Block, and a Thursday evening social meeting in the same hall. A Sunday school was organized. This new development was largely due to a protracted meeting and revival in the previous year. In 1868 Rev. James W. Hathaway was appointed to the charge. The society decided to build a church, bought the lot on Pleasant street, made plans and contracts and went forward imder the leadership of Mr. R. B. Dunn. The estimated cost was $16,000, the amount subscribed $4,375, of which Mr. R. B. Dunn had pledged $3,000. To appearance, the enterprise was, in the highest degree, reckless. The society was poor, Mr. Dunn was the only man of considerable financial ability. The build- ing, however, went on, Mr. Dunn assuming the responsibility, as the emergency required, until the house was finished and fur- nished in excellent style throughout, including an organ and bell, at a cost of about $18,000, Mr. Dunn paying $14,000. The dedi- cation was on the 23rd of March, 1870. The sermon was by Rev. j. A. M. Chapman, D. D., of Boston, from the words : "The wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord." It was a masterly effort and made a deep impression upon the large audience. The pastors of sister churches, also several visiting clergymen, assisted in the services. Mr. Ladd, now presiding elder of Lewiston district, remained as pastor for three years, the full term under the rule of the church, during that time fifty-three persons united with the church. 1872-1874, Rev. A. W. Pottle was pastor. (A revival in which some forty were converted opcurred during his minis- try.) In 1875 Rev. Wm. S. Jones was pastor and a gracious revival under the labors of the Lynn Praying Band, added one hundred new names to the list of members and probationers, while many who were converted united with other churches here and elsewhere. In 1877- 1878 Rev. Roscoe Sanderson was pas- tor. The following is the list of subsequent pastors : Rev. Ezekiel Martin, A. W. Pottle, afterwards a presiding elder ; W. S. Mclntire, Wm. M. Sterling, Geo. A. Crawford, C. I. Mills, H. A. Cliflford, L. B. Codding, Israel Luce, W. F. Berry, (see biog. ch.), Geo. D. Lindsay, (see biog. ch.), Albert A. Lewis. 260 HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. During the year 1899 the church was enlarged and beautified, under the pastorate of Rev. Geo. D. Lindsay, at an expense of $5,000. Mr. Lindsay's health failed during the winter of 1901 and he was obliged to give up ministerial work. He died in Waterville, October 25, 1901. loved and respected by all who knew him. The foregoing sketch is by the present pastor, who has also, by request, furnished the statistics for the following summary. At the permanent organization of the church in 1867. there were found less than thirty of those who had previously identified themselves with the cause here and who, in 1853, numbered 136. In 1873 there were 152; 230 in 1883 ; 262 in 1893 : 275 in 1902. The total of baptisms is 529. A Sunday school was organized in :867, with forty members. There were 173 at the year's close, the attendance for the year averaging forty-six. Everett R. Druinmond, Esq., was superintendent from the beginning until 1888 with a brief interruption in 1885. For the last ten years this important office has been successfully filled by Miss Sarah A. Copp. There are in the school about 300 members, and in its library i.too volumes. For about fifteen years, 1880- '95, a Sun- day school, with an average attendance some of the time as high as fifty, was maintained by the church in the chapel on Sand Hill, Winslow, the chapel having been built and owned by the church. The church has also, for many years, had two of its members, Mr. James L. Corson and Miss Eda L. Fuller working through- out the State as missionaries of the Maine Bible Society. Aliss May Grover became a missionary in Africa under Bishop Taylor in 1887. Although not organi-^ed until after the Civil War, of those who have belonged to it, twenty or more were in the Union army, while in the war for temperance, the church as a whole has been and is a valiant regiment. Indirectly, through its gifts, of money for Christian enterprises outside its own limits, it is represented in mission and reform work the world over. In only one year ( 186S) have its contributions for these fallen below $100. The highest sum was $970, in 1897. Since 1881 the amount has in only one year been less than $200, while the average for these years has been $479, and the average for all the years of the church's history has been $346.50. Surely the church has had a most honorable record and an enviable prospect speaks encouragement. HISTORY OF VVATERVir.LE. 261 THE EPISCOPALTANS. The first services of the Episcopal church in Waterville were undertaken chiefly through the instrumentality of men who were not of her communion. Deacon John B. Bradbury, of the Con- gregational society of Waterville, was, during the winter of 1875-6, boarding in a family with the Rev. George T. Packard, the newly appointed rector of St. John's church, Bangor. Mr. Charles Follansbee, a nephew of Deacon Bradbury, was a fre- quent visitor, and through his uncle became acquainted with Mr. Packard. From this acquaintance developed the suggestion to hold a service of the Episcopal church in Waterville, and through the influence of these gentlemen the first service here was con- ducted in the Congregational house of worship, presumably by the Rev. Mr. Packard. Such an unexpected interest was mani- fested that the Bishop of Maine, the Rt. Rev. Henry A. Neely, at once undertook to provide a monthly service. Owing to the small number of priests whose services were then at his disposal, it was not always possible to carry out this plan, but during the next few months, services were frequently held, and the Rev. H. L. Yewens of Lewiston and the Rev. Samuel Upjohn of Augusta were among those who officiated. In June, 1876, the Bishop sent Mr. Henry Jones, — then a can- didate for Holy Orders, and now the senior priest actively engaged in parochial work in Maine, — to Waterville, "with instructions to remain there long enough at least to fairly test the desire of any considerable number to have the services of the church." The result of this experiment was certainly encour- aging, for in December of the same year a petition was forwarded to the bishop for the organization of a mission. On December 22 the "organization was completed under the name of St. Mark's church and the mission placed under the care of the Rev. Dr. Upjohn. The bishop appointed the following officers : Mr. J. G. Soule, warden ; Mr. J. F. Percival, treasurer ; Mr. Jones, the lay reader, continued in charge of the ser\'ices. During Mr. Jones' term of service the mission used the Universalist house of wor- ship part of the time and later occupied the Grangers' hall on Main street. Three persons were baptized and confirmed during the vear. 262 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. In June, 1877, the Rev. Edwin F. Small, just ordained Deacon, was given permanent charge of the mission. He found a con- gregation of about sixty ready to accept his ministrations. In the autumn of that year the mission purchased of Mr. Mark Gallert the lot of land on Center street on which the church now stands, and at the same time leased a new store on Main street, belonging to Mr. W. H. Leslie, which was fitted up as a chapel. Attention was then directed to the erection of a church. Plans were secured and most of the money raised, so that by early spring, building operations were begun. The first service was held in the new chapel on the evening of July 6, 1878, the Rev. Edward R. Brown, of the Diocese of Connecticut, being the preacher. The chancel furniture was the gift of the bishop. The communion plate was presented by Mrs. Frank Getchell of Philadelphia. The altar linen was the work and gift of the altar society of St. Mark's church, Philadelphia. Mr. Small resigned, March i, 1881, to accept the rectorship of Trinity church, Saco. During his ministry twenty-eight persons were baptized, and an equal number were presented to the bishop for the apostolic rite of confirmation. During the next five years the church had two rectors, the Rev. John M. Bates, who served two years, and the Rev. L. W. Richardson, who remained but a year and a half. For the rest of this period the parish had to be content with such ministra- tions as from time to time could be furnished. The Rev. Melville McLaughlin took charge of the parish on the first Sunday in Lent, 1886, and remained until June, 1889. Much in a material way was accomplished during his incum- bency. The house and lot just east of the church was purchased, Mr. McLaughlin advancing the money, and taking a mortgage on terms very favorable to the mission. This was done before the end of 1886. In 1887 the chapel was painted without and frescoed within, the windows put in, various other improvements made, and the church was duly consecrated on June 9, the money having been raised to make the last payment on the lot. Mr. McLaughlin recorded forty-two baptisms and thirty-four con- firmatioQs. The Rev. James W. Sparks was appointed rector by Bishop Neely, November 8, 1889, and remained until October i, 1899, ^ HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 263 period of ten years, lacking one month. During Mr. Sparks' administration the rectory was partially destroyed by fire, and the improvements that were made at the time of the rebuilding added somewhat to the convenience and the value of the property. The scriptural custom of the weekly eucharist was established at the outset of Mr. Sparks' rectorship and the Saints' Day celebra- tions were also made the rule, in accordance with the prayer- book requirement. Mr. Sparks was particularly active as a mis- sionary, holding services at Madison, Skowhegan and Shawmut, — building at the last named village a beautiful little church at a cost of something over $2,000, — and finding and ministering to communicants also in Vassalboro, Winslow, Oakland, and Norridgewock. Mr. Sparks administered the sacrament of Holy Baptism to one hundred and thirteen persons, and presented forty-six for confirmation. In November, 18Q9, the present rector, the Rev. George Bruce Nicholson, came to Waterville, his appointment being almost the last official act of the late Bishop Neely prior to his death. The affairs of the parish were not then in an ideal condition. With- out attempting to fix the responsibility upon anyone, the fact remains that there was much disaffection in the congregation, and considering its numbers and resources the parish was quite heavily in debt. The people, however, seemed quite ready to unite in any effort which might be undertaken to renew the inter- est and strengthen the work. Steps were at once taken to cancel the floating indebtedness of the parish, while in the meantime the rector's attention was given to the re-organization of the various parochial agencies, and the improvement of the character of the services. Friends of the mission here and elsewhere have given various accessories of church worship, so that the Catholic faith, which is taught in its fulness, may have due outward expression in a reverent and appropriate ceremonial, which, while modest and simple in its character, follows so far as it goes the principles of scriptural symbolism and the historic usages of the Catholic church. In the autumn of 1900, the rector pre- sented a plan for the liquidation of the debt resting upon the property, within five years. The plan met with instantaneous approval and response, and more than one-third has already been paid. During the same season an extension was built at the 264 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. south end of the chiircli, providing a choir-room and small chapel, and the chancel was remodeled and furnished to accom- modate the re-organized vested choir, which, after several months' training by the rector, made its first appearance in the evening of the feast of St. Cecilia. Up to the present time twenty-one have been confirmed. The outlook at the present time is hopeful. The parish is united, the congregations are growing, the few workers are faithful, financial obligations are being faced and discharged, prejudices are in a measure being overcome, and St Mark's church enters upon her second quarter- century in faith, believing that God has a work for her to do in witnessing for a pure Catholicity, and that He will guide her in the accomplishment of His purpose. The present officers of the mission are : Mr. George S. Dolloff, warden; Mr. J. Foster Percival, treasurer; Mr. Lowell G. Salis- bury, clerk. The number of communicants in good standing is not quite one hundred. THE ADVENTISTS. Many still living distinctly remember William Miller and his trumpet-toned proclamation throughout New England and the Middle States, that the second coming of Christ and the end of the world were at hand. Who that heard it could forget the rallying cry : "Eighteen hundred forty-three will be the year of jubilee!" Great and widespread was the interest and his fol- lowers in his own lifetime numbered some 50,000. As the event showed, he was at fault as to that date as have been many other attempts to determine the exact time of the Lord's predicted advent. But the conviction that the time is very near at hand has remained and widely extended. Doubtless there have been in Waterville individuals of this faith ever since the time of Miller. There were certainly some of them here in the sixties who knew exactly what they believed, and who affirmed and defended their faith with ability. No effort toward organization seems to have been made until the fall of 1894. At that time five men and their wives, most of whom were connected with the Charles street mission, reached the decision to establish meetings in harmony with their own HISTORY OF WATERVILLe. 265 faith. Accordingly they hired, for this purpose, Golden Cross liall, began their meetings at once, and have ever since continued them there. Different ministers from various parts of the State were for two years engaged from time to time to preach for them. There resulted an increase in attendance. It was therefore decided in 1896 to organize a church. This was effected Octo- ber first with a membership of thirteen and with the following officers : Elder, Fred S. Vamey ; deacons, Martin H. Ham and Isaac Varney ; clerk, Miss Myra A. Barker ; financial secretary, C. G. Hapworth ; treasurer, Mrs. Almeda Rose. Rev. E. E. Larcell of Fairfield was unanimously called to be pastor, and at the end of his two years of service the membership had increased to fifty. Various preachers supplied the pulpit until December 3, 1899 when Rev. W. M. Strout of Dover, N. H., became pas- tor and served until February of the present year. During his pastorate the membership of the church has been increased, the Sunday school doubled in size, a lot of land on Pearl street, facing Nudd street, on which to erect a church building, bought and paid for, and money secured sufficient to warrant the taking of further steps for its erection. The expectation is that it will be completed and ready for dedication in the fall of the present- year. The members of the church, although at present without a pastor, expect one soon, and they regard the prospects of the young church as very bright. THE FREE BAPTISTS. The Free Baptist church of Waterville is the latest born of all the churches of the city. It was organized December 31, 1 901. Were one to write the history of this church as it "might have been" there would be much of effective work and large achievement to record. Some twenty years ago Rev. James Boyd, agent of the Maine Free Baptist Association, organized in this village a Sunday school and for a while held public preach- ing services. There were living here at the time a goodly num- ber of members of that denomination, some of them persons of not a little social and financial ability and influence, and in religious character also excellent material to go into a new •church enterprise and organization. Indeed long before that 266 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Deacon Hanscom, (deacon of a Free Baptist church) and all his family, living in the house still occupied by his daughters at the junction of Main street and College avenue, were loyal and downright Free Baptists. Some of the Hills shared very posi- tively the same faith. There were others here with them fifty years ago, after that still others continued to come, among them such families as the Trues and the Purintons. No effort seems to have been made to unite these in a society and church of their own faith and order until the coming of Rev. James Boyd, already noticed. This effort at the first was full of promise and would unquestionably have been richly successful if it had not been for the unfortunate mistakes of management for which the Free Baptists of Waterville were not responsible and which they, at the time, greatly regretted. But the loss to that denomination wSS gain to the others. The "might have been" which has made them "sad" has made others glad. And yet, in a truer sense, all have together been both sad and glad for we are "all members of one body," and so all share alike the joy and sorrow of each. The question of separate services and organization was not again effectively raised until 1899. At that time Rev. A. D. Dodge of Clinton, made the acquaintance of his denominational brethren in Waterville, and as the first public result they gath- ered on the 20th of August, 1899, in Forester's hall on Temple street for their first separate preaching service which was in charge of Mr. Dodge. From that day they have held services continuously under his charge and leadership. On the ist of October, 1900, they moved from Forester's hall to the Grand Army hall, and subsequently into the hall over the Woman's Association. This they have furnished suitably for their own use and at their own expense. On the 31st of December, 1901, they were organized into a church of twenty-four members. They have as pastor. Rev. A. D. Dodge ; as deacons, Messrs. A. E. Purinton and J. G. Butler ; as clerk, Mr. George Smith ; Mr. A. E. Purinton is superintendent of the Sunday school and chorister and gives himself to the service of the cause with a cheerful devotion which is shared by the other workers, both men and women. The small number makes heavy the burden HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 267 of support but the State Convention renders aid in the payment of $200 annually toward the pastor's salary. They feel the need of a house of worship and hope in due time to secure one. The constant increase in attendance on all the services of the church, including the Sunday school, makes them hopeful for the future. All congratulate them on their good record and wish them well for the coming years. Note. Tbe sketcli of St. Mark's Episcopal church -was written by its Rector, the Kev. George Bruce Nicholson. CHAPTER IX. THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF WATERVILLE By Elwood. T. Wyman, A. M., Superintendent of Schools. Seeking after facts concerning the early history of the schools of Waterville is largely groping in the dark, for the records of the period, so far as they relate to schools, are scanty, and its remembrance lies beyond the memory of living men. There is enough written down, however, to show that the settlers of this part of the Kennebec valley brought with them from Massa- chusetts the same high regard for education that made and has kept for that commonwealth the foremost place in the Union. The mother state gave to her daughter Maine no more precious heritage than this strong desire and determination to offer youth as much of elementary learning as limited resources could provide. It took no little sacrifice at times to keep the lamp of popular education burning, and while Waterville was yet a part of Wins- low there were several occasions when taxes were so grievous a burden that no money was voted at the annual town meeting for the support of schools. In 1778, Winslow voted to hire preach- ing but no schooling; in 1780 the cause of the gospel suffered alike with that of education, no money being voted for either schooling or preaching. In March, 1787, it was voted to allow Capt. Zimri Haywood four pounds, eight shillings and sixpence, for paying and boarding a schoolmaster one month. This is the first record of a definite sum jiaid to an individual in connection with the support of schools. In 1788 and the two following years no money was voted for preaching or schooling. In the last-named year the voters thrice HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 269 evinced their determination to hire no schooling as shown by the record of the town meetings. In 1791 no money was voted for preaching, but fifty pounds were allowed for schooling. That some of the more prosperous of the citizens united in the support of private schools is shown by diary records and such agreements as the following, an exact copy of the original document : WiNSLOW, 28th Dec. 1796. Whereas Abijah Smith of said Winslow, has agreed to keep a school in Ticonic Village for the term of three months next ensuing the date hereof, and bord himself and find a room con- venient for that purpose. We the subscribers do promise to pay him twenty dollars pr month — two dollars of which is to be paid weekly for his bord — and the remainder to be paid at the expiration of said three months each one to pay in proportion to the number he signs for — also to find and hall to said room, a sufficient quantity of fire-wood for said school. Nehemiah A. Parker, One John Rogers, Three Benj. Chase, Three Elnathan Sherwin, Two Getchell & Redington, Five Edw'd Piper for two James M'Kim for three Jona. Clark, Three Feby 7th, 1797, Abijah Smith ought certainly to have been able to teach pen- manship and the correct use of his mother tongue, for the first records of the town of Waterville are in his handwriting, beau- tiful to behold even now ; and they are so well expressed that they may well have been used as a model for the town clerks that succeeded him. It is not to be believed that schools, or preaching, were neg- lected for lack of appreciation of the advantages of either, but the people were poor and the depreciated currency of the day was lamentably scarce. So it is not strange that some of the early schoolmasters were glad to receive '"pickled herring" in remuneration for their services. In March of 1796, six years before the separation of the two towns, Winslow voted $250 for 270 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. the purpose of schooling, this being the first instance in the town records of the use of the term dollars. The votes previous had named the amount of municipal appropriations in pounds. At the same March meeting, an article "to make such alterations in school districts as may be thought expedient" was "passed over," this also being the first use in the records of the term "school district." In 1798 family names long familiar in the history of both towns appear in the list of school agents elected at the annual town meeting. On the east side they were Col. Hayden, Eph- raim Town and Moses Wyman ; on the west side, Nathaniel Low, Asa Redington, Daniel Carter, Jonathan Combs, David Pattee, Hugh Osborne and Thomas Rates. In 1800, Winslow voted $400 for schools and $1,500 for roads ; how much of these . sums was expended for that part of the town lying west of the Kennebec the records do not show. After Waterville's incorporation as a town, June 23, 1802, little time was lost in setting its school machinery in motion. At the first town meeting, July 26 of that year, the following school agents were elected : Elisha Hallet, Thomas Parker, Nehemiah A. Parker, Nelson Colcord, Asa Soule, Micah Ellis, Isaac Cor- son, John Streeter, Thomas Cook and Samuel Moors. On August 9 the town voted to raise $300 for purposes of schooling. At the March meeting of 1803, the sum of $400 was voted for schooling and only $50 for preaching. At an adjourned meeting held May 2, it was voted to accept a report presented by the select- men for dividing the town into school districts, which were referred to in the report as Ticonic, Rose's, Ten-lot, Almond Soule's, Tozer's, Low's, Moors's, Asa Soule's, Osborne's, and Crowell's. The selectmen's report also provided for the choice of the several school agents at the annual town meeting, each district to have the liberty of "providing, agreeing with and pay- ing their teachers," subject to the restrictions of the law in such cases made and provided. Discretionary power was granted the selectmen to aid small districts, and Rose's district was advised to join with neighboring families in Fairfield in support of a union school. At the March meeting of 1805, three agents were elected for Ticonic district, which embraced the village portion of the town. HISTORY OF WATl'RX'ILLK. 2/1 They were Nehemiah A. Parker, Asa Redington, Jr., and James Stackpole, Jr. In 1806 the school appropriation was increased to, $600, and at a meeting in May a committee consisting of Moses Appleton, Reuben Kidder, Timothy Bontelle, James Stackpole, Jr., and Thomas C. Norris was elected "to inspect schools throughout the town the year ensuing." This committee was of quality suited to the important work assigned it, for two of its members. Dr. Moses Appleton and the Hon. Timothy Boutelle, were graduates of Harvard besides being, like their associates on the committee, men of affairs with ability sufficient to make them leaders of thought and action in any community. That the boys of those days were not unlike the boys of to-day may be guessed from a vote of the town in April, 1808, by which ball playing and snow-balling within fifteen rods of the meeting- house and schoolhouse were prohibited on penalty of a fine of not more than $4 and not less than fifty cents. Many of the lads at whom that vote was leveled grew to be dignified and dis- tinguished citizens, just as will their grandchildren whom we see playing upon our streets to-day. The various school districts soon came to be known officially by number although the original family names of them still sur- vive in the local parlance of several communities. For district No. i, in 1808, there were reported as parents of children of school age — five to twenty-one — the following per- sons: William Spaulding, Jere. Curtis, Benj. Woodman. Daniel Curtes, Christopher Jakins, George Jakins, James L. Wood, Jona. Clark, Frederick Jakins, Isaac Tem.ple, Edward Piper, Nicholas Coffin, David Nours, Jediah ]MorrilI, Jere. Fairfield, Enoch Plummer, Nathaniel Oilman, Jona. Haywood, Isaac Stevens, James Stackpole, Jr., William Phillips, Hannah Cool, Reuben Kidder, Moses Appleton, Mrs. Lakin, George Dunbar, Moses Dalton, Charles Dinglev, Daniel Moore, John Stackpole, Asa Redington, David Getchell, Nehemiah Getchell, Jr., Mrs. Parker, Wm. Haywood, Moses Healey, Wm. Miller, Mrs. Leeman, Elna- than Sherwin, Turner Fish, Thomas C. Norriss, John Wright, Russell Blackwell, Winthrop Watson, Jere. Kidder, Edward Estey, Samuel King, Sally Taylor, Samuel Gilman, Samuel Clark, Christopher Rice, James Crummet, Daniel Loring. Joseph 2/2 HISTORY OF WATERVll.LK. Allen, Ebenezer Bacon, Johnson Williams, James Curtis, Richard Clifford. In the days when the presence of children in the family was more general than now, this list, returned by the hand of James Stackpole, Jr., undoubtedly comprised the greater part of the inhabitants of the village of Waterville as it then existed. The number of pupils tor this district was returned as 145. They came from Main, Silver, Mill, College, Water and lower Front streets, as these rough roads were called, leading through an area still largelv covered with woods, and used mostly for pasturage. The schoolhouses in which the children worked, and probably sometimes played, were the little old yellow one close by the town hall, and the brick one on College street on what for many years was known as the Milliken lot. In the year 1812, Moses Appleton and Daniel Cook were chosen "visiting inspectors" to visit each town school at least once during the winter months or as much oftener as they might think convenient ; and in the summer season if they thought proper ; and to prescribe "the most proper mode of instruction to each schoolmaster." The langfuage of the vote would leave us to infer either that there were no female teachers employed at that time, or that they stood less in need of professional advice than did their brethren in the service. At all events the action of the town was significant as a recognition of the importance to public schools of official inspection. The superintending school committee of 1821 was a distin- guished group composed of Timothy Boutelle, Jeremiah Chaplin, Moses Appleton, Abijah Smith and Asa Redington, Jr. A few years later the committee appears to have been reduced in num- ber to three members, two of whom were Stephen Chapin and Sylvanus Cobb. At the meeting at which they were elected, the town voted to pay them "a reasonable sum for their services." Dr. Appleton was again elected to be a member of the commit- tee in 1826 and at the ne.xt March meeting he was voted $6 for his services. The functions of the committee were largel)^ extended by a vote of this meeting when, upon motion of Timo- thy Boutelle, it was decreed as follows : "That in future it shall be the duty of the superintending school committee to make a written report to the town, at the HISTORY OF WATERVILLfi. 273 annual meeting in March, describing the state and condition of the several schools in the town, which report shall embrace the following particulars, viz. the name of each school agent, the amount of money apportioned to each school district, the number of scholars as returned to the selectmen, the amount of money expended in each district for instruction — designation how much for masters and how much for mistresses and how much for wood, and the names and wages of the instructors, and how long each one has been employed, the number of scholars present at each examination, the greatest as well as the average num- ber of scholars that have attended each school, the kind of books of even,- kind used m each school, the number of scholars in each school that have attended to the study of English grammar, arith- metic and geography and each of them, together with such remarks and observations as the committee may be pleased to make on the discipline, progress and appearance of each, whether creditable to the scholars and instructors, or otherwise, whether the money appears to have been faithfully and judiciously expended by the several agents or not, whether the scholars are sufficiently provided with suitable books — with such other facts as the committee may deem interesting and worthy to be com- municated to the town, which report shall be lodged with the town clerk, and preserved in his office." It may be remarked in passing that the early reports made as a result of this action of the town may have been lodged with the town clerk but it is very certain that they were not preserved in his office, or anywhere else. Possibly because of the more onerous duties now laid upon the committee, the sum of eight dollars each was voted for the three members composing it the next year, on the condition that they should make the report called for by the town's vote. The same year the limits of the thirteen school districts of the town were very carefully and definitely located, the report of the selectmen on the matter covering about three pages of the town records. At this time and for many years later there was continual chang- ing of the districts, hardly a town meeting being held without taking some action in regard to setting off certain persons from one district to another. This business and the laying out or 18 2/4 PIISTORY 01- WATERVILLE. discontinuance of roads furnished a never-failing subject for dis- cussion and action. The amount of money voted for schools in 1829 was $900, a larger sum by $200 than had ever been voted before. In a list of town by-laws adopted in 1 830 the public school pupils were probably aimed at in a section providing for a fine of twenty-five cents as a penalty for riding upon, or taking hold of the back part of any chaise, sleigh or other carriage, while in actual use, with- out the consent of the person having charge of the same. There was also to be no ball playing or stone throwing in the jniblic streets. There was a decidedly "ministerial" committee chosen in 1834, consisting of the Rev. Calvin Gardner, the Rev. S. F. Smith, author of "America," and the Rev. Jonathan C. Morrill. Samuel Plaisted was chairman of the committee for the next year, which was marked by the passage of a vote to authorize the various districts to elect their respective school agents in district meet- ings. The custom thus inaugurated prevailed thenceforth unin- terruptedly as long as the district system remained in vogue. Early in the thirties, there were in attendance at the little brick schoolhouse a number of pupils that are still living or have but recently died. The entire list included Mary and Hannah Eaton, Ellen, Elizabeth and Rebecca Getchell, Lydia and Ariana Hill, Alice, Armenia and Olivia Dunbar, Rosetta and Naomi Nelson, Hannah, Tiley Ann and Susan Hayden, Mary Jewett, Esther Shorey, Georgiana Bright, Olive Blackwell, Eliza and Martha Haywood, Mary Brown, Ellen CafiFrey, Josephine Morrow, Olive Reed, Lydia Hasty, Sarah Tuttle, Climenia Blood, Mary Shep- herd, Maria Littlefield, James Hasty, Edward Piper, Eldridge L. Getchell, Leonard Hill, Burt Wells, Thomas Eaton, George Blackwell. Eleazer Getchell, Edward Dunbar, Joseph Hasty, Peter Dunbar, John Caffrey, Charles Dow, William Dow, Wil- liam Caffrey, Thomas Foster, Edmund Dunbar, Joseph and Franklin Wheeler, Augustus Hill, Oliver Wheeler, Arnold and David Getchell, Henry and John Paine, Hiram Brown, Alfred Burleigh, George Blood, Thomas, Edwin and James Nelson, David Stilson, Turiel Haywood, George and John Brown, John B. Foster, Wm. Blood, Lemuel Stilson, James Otis, Benjamin Tibbetts, Edward McKechnie, Nathan Shorey, Timothy Little- HISTORY Of WATERVILLE. 275 field, John Bacon, James Haywood, Francis Stilson, Charles White, James P. Hill. For teaching this array of pupils the teacher received the liberal salary of twenty-four dollars a month. Schools were maintained in 1836 in fourteen districts, of which the largest were Nos. i and 5, the former having 212 scholars on its census roll, and the latter 204. The smallest district in the town had fourteen pupils. The total number of pupils returned for the town was 1,049, ^"d the school money expended amounted to $1,131.18. In district No. i with its eighty pupils in attendance the sum of $197.50 was paid for instruction, of which $117 went to Crosby Hinds, who got $26 a month for a term of eighteen weeks ; and $80.50 to Martha A. Sheldon, who taught twenty-three weeks at $14 a month. The average attend- ance was fifty. On the first visit of the committee thirty pupils were found present and on the second, forty-one. Seventeen pupils took grammar, sixty were found in arithmetic classes, and seventeen gave attention to geography. In district No. 5 J. G. Dickenson received $173 for teaching, his rate of wages not being given ; and Celia A. Colburn was paid $54 for a term of eighteen weeks. The entire teaching force for the year consisted of Crosby Hinds, Martha A. Sheldon, Thomas Wright, Adeline Tozier, Philip N. Kimball, Sophia Thayer, David Purington, Martha W. Nelson, J. G. Dickenson, Celia A. Colburn, Serena Whitman, Martha Bowman, E. M. Thurston, Mary Marston, Wm. L. Eaton, Charlotte Mathews, Jacob Tuck, Elvira Cowan, Chas. Morrill, Louisa N. Ingalls, Danforth Thomas, H. C. Warren, Mary Ladd, Lyman Corson, Caroline Pullen and Maria Libby. The highest wages paid a woman teacher was the $14 received by Martha A. Sheldon in district No. i, which was more than was paid to some of the male teachers. In six of the districts women teachers were paid salaries of $4 a month. In earlier years seventy-five cents a week had not been considered a nig- gardly price to pay for the services of a woman teacher. The only mention of extra studies in the schools of this year was in reference to those of districts Nos. 7 and 12, in the former of which two pupils were set down as having studied history, and in the latter, six. In many of the districts the length of the 276 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. school year was twenty-two weeks ; in the village schools it was more ; in the smaller districts it was somewhat less. The whole amount paid the twenty-six teachers was $771.37. As the teachers in the two largest districts received $370.50 of this amount, it is evident that the rest of the corps were not achieving wealth at a dangerously rapid pace. The average number of pupils was reported as 502, but these figures were evidently not accurate, as in several of the districts the agents failed to make the returns necessary to determine the point correctly. In March of 1835 •* movement had been set on foot to build a new schoolhouse in the village, but nothing came of it ; and the same year an attempt to unite districts No. i and No. 5 also failed, the committee from No. i consisting of the Rev. Calvin Gardner, Alpheus Lyon, James Stackpole, Jr., Eben F. Bacon and William Pearson, reporting against the plan as inexpedient. In 1837 it was voted that the scholars on the west side of the Crommett stream, under eight years of age, draw their money to be expended in a private school to be kept on the west side for their benefit. The next year the following classification of pupils was made for the village schools : All between the ages of four and twelve years, and no others, were to be permitted to attend the summer schools ; and all between the ages of ten and twenty- one years, and no others, might attend the winter schools, or those taught by a master. In 1841 it was voted to open a woman's school on the Plain, so called, if a suitable place could be obtained. Three schools were maintained in the village that summer. An article provid- ing for the giving up of the old schoolhouse lot for one more convenient was voted down in the district meeting of No. i in 1843. There was evidently some trouble with the management of the scholars at this time as the district meeting records show a vote of thanks extended to the schoolmaster for having enforced discipline, and to the committee for having backed him up by turning refractory pupils out of school. In 1845 by vote of the town districts No. i and No. 5 were united. In 1846 the building of a .schoolhouse on the Plains, which seemed to have failed of accomplishment earlier, was authorized at a cost of $250 ; and it was also voted to furnish two school rooms in the town hall. In the same year arrangements were HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 277 made for having the more advanced pupils attend the academy and the institute. The next year boys under tv/elve and girls under fourteen were admitted to the summer schools, and it vk^as also decided to admit "foreign" children under "such restrictions as the district committee might prescribe." It was also decided that the English elementary branches be taught in the schools of the district and no others, except at the discretion of the classifi- cation committee. James H. Hanson was clerk of district No. i for several years from 1847. A little earlier than this the district fathers had begun a con- test over the matter of a new schoolhouse. It was a case of the north part of the village against the south, apparently, and it was waged eagerly, and not without traces of considerable bitterness. Again and again action would be taken at a district meeting providing for the erection of a building, only to be overthrown when the opposing forces were mustered in sufficient strength at a later meeting. In 1853 it apparently became plain that nothing was being gained for either side, and the time-honored method of compromise was brought into use. A committee consisting of James Stackpole, Samuel Plaisted, Joseph Percival and George Wentworth, was chosen to name a committee of ten to consider and report upon the whole matter. This larger com- mittee was made up of Solyman Heath, Josiah H. Drummond, James Stackpole, Joseph O. Pearson, Samuel P. Shaw, R. B. Thurston, John B. Bradbury, C. M. Morse, Ephraim Maxham, and Charles H. Thayer. The com.mittee reported in favor of two brick buildings, one for the north end, the other for the south ; and the long fight was over. One of the buildings thus provided for was the main part of the present high school build- ing ; the other what is now a brick tenement on College avenue, moved there from the present site of the North grammar school building, and used, until the Myrtle street building was erected, for school purposes. In 1853 it was voted to sell the old brick schoolhouse and lot on College avenue, and so departed an interesting landmark of the earlier days. Two years later Latin and French were author- ized as studies in the high school. In 1859 the teachers of high and grammar grades were requested to present to parents a weekly report of the conduct and scholarship of pupils in their 278 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. charge, and it was decided that at the end of the term a printed statement regarding the same should be printed and circulated. In 1864 pupils of high school rank were sent to Waterville Acad- emy where Dr. Hanson received $4.50 a term for their tuition. This arrangement was continued until the establishment of an independent high school in 1876. A remarkably able series of school reports were prepared by the committees of 1864 and the following years. They were prmted and distributed among the voters and must have been of no little service in gaining their attention and enlisting their sympathy in the cause of education. The report for 1864 dealt broadly and intelligently with many topics that are of as much interest to-day as they were then. Among the subjects treated in this report were : "Interest in Education ;" "School Reports ;" "Kind of Education Needed;" "Qualification of Teachers;" "Selection of Teachers;" "Normal Schools;" "Interest and Co- operation of Parents;" "Small Districts;" "Text-Books;" "Selection of Studies," and others of more particular interest to the time. The comments and recommendations of this report were eminently sensible and pedagogically sound. Its author viras either the Rev. W. H. Kelton, or the Rev. David N. Sheldon, Mr. Kelton's name appearing as chairman of the committee, but the thought and the language of the report frequently suggesting Dr. Sheldon as its probable author. Other well known members of the superintending school com- mittee from 1864 until the town became a city were Prof. Moses Lyford of Colby, the Rev. J. O. Skinner, Prof. E. W. Hall of Colby, J. G. Soule, who died January i, 1888, after a continuous service of thirteen years, Hon. S. S. Brown, Dr. A. W. Small, formerly of Colby, now of the University of Chicago, and Mrs. Martha Baker Dunn. Just before the town became a city, its citizens had a chance to feel proud over the acquisition of a fine new school building, the North Grammar schoolhouse, which was formally opened February 28, 1888. A few years later came the erection of what IS known as the South Grammar building, and in 1897 there was built for the accommodation of the upper part of the city what is in most respects the best school building in the city, the Myrtle street schoolhouse. HISTORY OF VVATERVILLfi. 279 With the establishment of a city form of government for Waterville there came a recognition by its new board of education of the need of a more systematic plan of supervision than had existed hitherto, and choice was made of William C. Crawford, a graduate of Colby in the class of 1882, to be the first superin- tendent of schools. The board that elected Mr. Crawford con- sisted of S. S. Brown, chairman ; Reuben Foster, Charles F. Johnson, Charles H. Redington, Franklin A. Smith, D. P. Stowell, and Prof. Julian D. Taylor of Colby. Superintendent Crawford found it necessary under the circumstances practically to reconstruct the entire school system, and this he did with little disturbance and yet so efficiently that his successors in office have all realized the good effect of his labors. He remained with the Waterville schools for about four years and a half, leaving them to accept a position in Massachusetts. Those who have followed him in the office of superintendent are C. F. Leadbetter, J. E. Burke, J. H. Blanchard, W. L. Waters, E. F. Hitchings, and Elwood T. Wyman. Of the seven all except Mr. Blanchard and Mr. Hitchings have been graduates of Colby College. The masters of the high school since its permanent organiza- tion in 1876 have been: Edward H. Smiley, Warren C. Phil- brook, Jefferson Taylor, Lincoln Owen, Dennis E. Bowman, Nowell, A. H. Evans, S. K. Marsh, and John E. Nel- son. At the end of the present school year Mr. Nelson resigned his position after holding it four years, and will be succeeded by Richard W. Sprague of the class of 1901, Colby College. It is interesting to note that every one of the masters in the list quoted has been a Colby graduate. There are in the city to-day about 3.500 people of school age, and of these about 1,300 are registered in the various schools. These are housed in eight buildings, all the pupils from the out- lying sections being conveyed into the city. The growth of the schools in the last fifteen years has been remarkable. Within that period four new buildings have been erected, and two others have been remodeled, to provide for the accommodation of about 1,000 pupils, and yet there is a demand that must soon be met for a new grammar school building in the southern section of the city, and for a new high school building. Against the $300 expended for schooling in the first year of Waterville's corporate 28o HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. life, there is now to be set the annual expenditure of 830,000 for the school department. The schools of the city have kept pace with its growth. They have enlisted the honest efforts of faithful men and women who have served as members of super- intending school committees, of boards of education, as super- intendents, as teachers ; they have enjoyed to a remarkable degree the good-will and appreciation of the community ; and they have bestowed upon thousands of boys and girls a gift richer than any other earthly possession — the gift of an education. CHAPTER X. COBURN CLASSICAL INSTITUTE. By Franklin W. Johnson, A. M., Principal of the Institute. The school which now bears the name of Coburn Classical Institute was founded in 1829 as Waterville Academy. It had its origin in a deeply felt need of a preparatory sch(X)l for Colby, then Waterville College. Hon. Timothy Boutelle, then treas- urer of the College, had given a lot of land a year or two before and funds were raised by Jeremiah Chaplin, D. D., president of the College, and others for the erection of a school building. The first principal of the school was Henry W. Paine, at that time an eighteen-year-old senior in Waterville College, later one of the most distinguished lawyers in Massachusetts. The num- ber of students in attendance during the first year was sixty-three, of whom forty-seven were young men. The greater part of the work of the school was in the ordinary English branches as will be seen from the fact that only seventeen students are catalogued as studying Greek or Latin. Among the students of the first year were Mrs. Rebecca Moor Drinkwater who died in March, 1902; Daniel R. Wing, long time proprietor of the Waterville Mail ; John B. Foster, LL. D., for many years a professor at Colby ; Eldridge Getchell, treasurer of the College for many years, and William Mathews, LL. D.. the well-known essayist. Of all the students of that early day Dr. Mathews alone survives. His writings still grace the pages of our periodical literature. Mr. Paine opened the school in August, 1829, and gave up his office at the end of nine months on account of the fatal illness of a brother. Robert W. Wood had charge of the school for the remainder of this year. Joseph Hodges, Jr., was an assistant 282 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. teacher during this year. The next principal was George I. Chase, just graduated from Brown University, afterwards pro- fessor and acting president of that institution. He began his duties in August, 1830, but closed his work in May, 1831, after nine months' teaching. In August, 183 1, Henry Paine, a grad- uate of Waterville College in the class of 1823, became principal and retained this position for five years. There is extant a cata- logue belongmg to this period for the year ending July 21, 1834. The following names appear under the heading "Superintending and Examining Committee:" Rev. Rufus Babcock, Jr., George W. Keeley, Rev. Calvin Newton, Alpheus Lyon, Esq., Dr. Hall Chase, Dr. Samuel Plaisted, Phineas Barnes, J. Everett Farnam, Samuel Randall, Jr. Mr. Paine had two assistants besides a teacher in elocution. The attendance for the year was 205, of whom 131 were young men. Of these there were "attending to the Ancient Languages" for the first term twenty-five, for the second term thirty-seven, "attending to the French Language" nine. The school year contained forty-eight weeks. The fol- lowing statements from this early catalogue show how small was the expense of attendance upon the school. "The price of tuition in the common English studies is $3.25 per quarter. In Latin, Greek and French languages, in Intellectual and Moral Phil- osophy, the Natural Sciences and the higher branches of Mathe- matics, $4.25 per quarter. The expense of fuel and other inci- dental expenses is proportionated on the students. Board, including lodging and washing, can be obtained in respectable families for $1.50 per week." Mr. Paine was followed in the principalship by a Mr. Free- man for a short time ; he was followed in turn by Moses Burbank, and he by Lorenzo B. Allen who served until 1837. Mf"- Allen is said to have been "an excellent classical scholar and a true Christian gentleman." He was afterwards president of Burling- ton University, Iowa. Next Charles B. Train, later attorney- general of Massachusetts, became principal. Nathaniel G. Rogers, a graduate of Colby, became principal in 1838, but resigned after a short time. At about this time there were vari- ous men who presided over the school for four or five months each but no accurate record of their names or order of service HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 283 is to be obtained. It is evident that during this period the school was in a most precarious state of existence. Indeed for about two years, 1839-1840, the school was wholly suspended. During this period the Waterville Liberal Institute was established and attracted many students who would otherwise have attended the Academy. This school occupied the building now used as a dwelling house at the south corner of Elm and School streets. It seems that during this period of temporary suspension the Academy building was used for at least one term of the district school. The school was revived in 1841 when Charles H. Wheeler, then a student in Waterville College, afterwards an Episcopal rector in Providence, R. I., became principal. He taught for two terms and was followed in the latter part of 1842 by Nathaniel Butler, father of the late president of Colby College. He remained at the head of the school for one year. During the first fourteen years it will be seen that the school was conducted by young men, in most cases students or recent graduates of the College. Among the teachers not already men- tioned was Elijah P. Love joy, the first anti-slavery martyr. From the quality of the men who were instructors it is certain that the school must have afforded abundant inspiration to the students of these early days. With the hope of strengthening the struggling school, in the winter of 1841-2, an act of incorporation was obtained from the legislature and a board of trustees was established to have charge of the school. The act was as follows : An Act to incorporate the trustees of the Waterville Academy. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in Legislature assembled, as follows : Sect. I. Samuel Plaisted, Stephen Stark, Zebulon Sanger, Edwin Noyes, Harrison A. Smith, David Garland, Amasa Ding- ley, Johnson Williams, Stephen Thayer, Samuel Taylor, and their successors, are hereby created a corporation by the name of the Trustees of Waterville Academy, and, by that name may sue and be sued, and may have a common seal, and make any by-laws for the management of their concerns, not repugnant to the laws of this state ; and may take and hold by gift, grant, or otherwise, any real or personal estate, the annual income of which shall not 284 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. exceed fifteen hundred dollars, and may give, grant, convey, or lease, the same, and may choose all officers necessary for the management of their concerns, for the purpose of promoting piety and morality, and for the instruction of youth in such lan- guages, arts and sciences as the said trustees may direct. Sect. 2. Samuel Plaisted is authorized to fix the time and place of the first meeting of said trustees, and to give to each four days notice thereof, in writing. Approved Februarj- 12, 1842. It does not appear that this incorporation was of any consider- able help to the school. A far more potent factor in the revival which immediately followed was the selection as principal of James H. Hanson, a graduate of Colby in the class of 1842. Mr. Hanson took charge of the school in September, 1843. There were but five pupils at tlie opening of the year. Before the end of the first term the number had quintupled. In less than ten years the attendance had reached the large number of 308. During all these years the school had no endowment and no source of income save the very low tuition fees. The income of the principal was small, the duties arduous. After twelve very successful years Mr. Hanson was worn out by his extremely hard work and resigned the principalship in 1854, going to East- port, Maine, where he remained for three years as principal of the high school. George B. Gow succeeded him until the summer of 1855. James T. Bradbury was then principal until the winter of 1857, when Isaac S. Hamblen took charge of the school. His princi- palship extended three and one-half years, to the end of the spring term of 1861. His management of the school was very successful. The average attendance during his administration was 218 and forty-nine were prepared for college. He was forced to resign his position because of ill health. Following him as principal came Ransom E. Norton for one term, Randall E. Jones for three terms, John W. Lamb for two years and three terms, from the summer of 1862 to the winter of 1864-5, ^"^ Augustus D. Small for two terms in 1865. In 1864 the College had received new life through the gift of Gardner Colbv. Following this a determined effort was made AVATERVILLE CLASSICAL INSTI'ITTE. HISTORY 01? WATERVILLE. 285 to strengthen the Academy which had been declining for several years. At the urgent request of Dr. Champlin, then president of the College, James H. Hanson returned to Waterville from Port- land where for six years he had been at the head of the Boys' High school, and for two years had been conducting a private school for boys. In 1865 he again took charge of the Academy with the same success which attended his earlier principalship. At this time several of the trustees created by the act of 1842 had died and it appeared that no successors had been elected to fill the vacancies. Those who remained, at the suggestion of Dr. Champlin, gave back their charge to the trustees of the Col- lege and the separate corporation ceased to exist. The trustees of the College then placed the affairs of the Academy in the hands of the College faculty. The name was changed to Water- ville Classical Institute. In 1869 a Ladies' Collegiate Department was added and the legislature granted the power to confer degrees in accordance with the following act : "Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in Legislature assembled, as follows : Section i. The managers of Waterville Classical Institute may prescribe a course of study for young ladies, equivalent to that of any female college in New England, and may, with the concurrence of the board of instructors, confer upon all who shall satisfactorily complete such course the collegiate honors and degrees that are generally granted by female colleges." In accordance with this act a course of three years was estab- lished which was the next year changed to one of four years. The degree of Baccalaureate of Letters was conferred upon those who successfully completed this course. This was for many years a most important feature of the school until the increasing number of women entering Colby and other colleges caused the number pursuing this course to diminish. It was given up in 1896. The graduates of this course in all number 185. Although the return of Mr. Hanson to the principalship brought new vigor to the school, it was still for several years without endowment. The need of funds in order to secure the permanent prosperity of the school was deeply felt. In June, 286 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 1872, the Maine Baptist State Convention was held in the city of Bath. President Champlin there presented the subject of the endowment of the Waterville Classical Institute and also the establishment of two other academies, one in the eastern and the other in the western part of the State. At the annual meeting of the trustees of the College held in July, 1873, the president called the attention of the board to the matter. The subject was referred to a committee, of which the late Rev. W. H. Shailer of Portland was chairman. This committee later reported advis- ing that $100,000 be raised for the endowment of three prepara- tory schools. Before the next annual meeting of the Colby trus- tees, Principal tlanson received the following letter: "Skowheg.^n, April 4, 1874. I agree to subscribe the sum of $50,000 to endow the Water- ville Classical Institute, on condition that $50,000 more shall be subscribed to endow two other institutions of similar character, — one cast and one west, — and provided further, that at least $40,000 of the said $50,000 by me subscribed shall be set apart and kept as a permanent fund, the interest only to be used annu- ally forever. "I agree to pay said $50,000 as fast as the other $50,000 shall be collected and paid into the treasury, and no faster. Abner Coburn." Immediate steps were taken to comply with the terms of this bequest subscriptions amounting to about $35,000 were secured by Rev. A. R. Crane, D. D., during two years which he devoted to a canvass of the State. Upon the withdrawal of Dr. Crane from this work, the collection of unpaid subscriptions was turned over to Principal Hanson. To this he devoted himself in addi- tion to his duties as principal of the school. It was not until 1883 that the entire $50,000 was paid in. Waterville Classical Institute received from this source $50,546. Hebron Academy at Hebron and Ricker Classical Institute at Houlton received proportionate amounts in accordance with the conditions of Gov- ernor Coburn 's bequest. From this it will be noticed that these two flourishing schools owe their first considerable endowment to the bequest of Abner Coburn to Waterville Classical Institute, and in no small degree also to the labors of Principal Hanson. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 287 At the commencement exercises, July 1-3, 1879, was celebrated the semi-centennial anniversary of the opening of the school. In addition to the usual exercises, on Thursday, July 4, special exercises were held at the Baptist church consisting of an address by Ex-Governor Nelson Dingley, Jr., a poem by Miss Abbie J. Flagg of Chillicothe, Missouri, a paper of reminiscences of the early historj' of the school by William Mathews, LL. D., and another containing its later history by Rev. George B. Gow. After the exercises at the church the procession formed and with Col. I. S. Bangs as marshal, escorted by the Waterville band, marched to the town hall where dinner was served to 230 guests. Principal Hanson presided over the after-dinner speaking. Among those who spoke on this occasion were Hon. Henry W. Paine, LL. D., the first principal ; William Mathews, LL. D., Prof. J. B. Foster, John W. Drummond, Rev. L S. Hamblen, a former principal ; Hon. Joshua Nye, Ex-Governor Nelson Ding- ley, Jr., and others. Of this semi-centennial celebration a prom- inent newspaper said: "It fairly rivaled in interest the com- mencement at Colby." Governor Coburn had placed the school on a firm financial basis but his benefactions did not end there. After the sad death in 1882 of his brother Stephen Coburn and the latter's son, Charles M. Coburn, who had been graduated from Colby only the year before, Governor Coburn at once stated his intention of erecting on the Institute lot a memorial to his brother and nephew. Preparations were soon made for the erection of a building which was dedicated with appropriate exercises during the College commencement of 1884. This building is of brick with red sandstone trimmings, is three stories high and is sur- mounted by a tower. It represents a cost of more than $50,000 and is one of the finest school buildings in New England. It bears on its front a sandstone tablet on which is the following inscription : Erected A. D. 1883 by Abner Coburn in memory of Stephen Coburn and Chas. M. Coburn who died July 4, 1882. 288 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. In 1883 the name of the school was changed to Coburn Clas- sical Institute in consideration of Governor Coburn 's benefac- tions. A circular dome was later added to the building and equipped as an astronomical observatory. It contains a six-inch equatorial telescope with clock-work attachment. The whole is a gift of Mary D. Lyford and her son, Hon. Edwin F. Lyford of Spring- field, Mass., in mernory of Moses Lyford, for many years a professor in the College. ^The old school building which for fifty-four years had occupied the spot now occupied by the more commodious building was removed to the rear of the grounds where it was afterwards torn down and removed. This building, an illustration of which accompanies this chapter, was long familiar to Waterville citi- zens and is linked with pleasant associations in the minds of hundreds of former students. The following sketch of the school and house of the early days was written by one who was long connected with the school as pupil and teacher. "Through the Zion's Advocate many an obscure boy or girl in an obscure corner of Maine heard of Waterville Academy and began to build air castles and to earn and save money enough to pay the twenty-five cents a week for tuition so as to be enrolled in the catalogue as a member of a school that was so near a col- lege. When the town was reached and the plain brick building with its symmetrical belfry appeared, long cherished hopes seemed about to be realized. A timid knock at the heavy front door, the only one in the building, had to be repeated before the principal appeared. A cordial welcome from him was never lacking but when the door opened and you were ushered within some of your rose-colored anticipations vanished. There were no gilded towers without nor marble walls within, but a front entry with a place on the right that opened from the principal's room for storing wood for the big box stove, brooms, shovel, tongs and other needed articles. The long poker was kept under the stove. There was a suspicion of fear when the poking was done for there was a crack in the bottom of the stove and burn- ing cinders could always be seen on the zinc under the stove. To the left as you entered the front door was an unattractive stair-case which led to the room of the preceptress above. On JAMES HOBBS HANSON, LI-. D. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 209 the east side of the upper room a door opened into a small room over the stairs, called the apparatus (?) room, which contained an orrery, an old electric machine, a battery, and other trash. The room on the other side was the clutter room of the upper floor. There were long benches on the north side of the pre- ceptress' room and the platform for rhetorical display and the teacher's desk on the south side. As you entered the principal's room below and stepped upon the cold, brick floor and saw the rows of uglv looking seats with their heavy wooden forms, whit- tled and marked with the names of former pupils, you had a chance to revel in the ruins of your air-castles and felt that the district schoolhouse at home was more attractive than the academy. But when the school work began and the principal, who was wood-sawyer, janitor, and endower of the school, appeared, surroundings were forgotten and the eager, enthusi- astic class, guided by the masterful hand of the teacher, felt that no mistake was made when they first came to Waterville Academy." Although the establishment of the Waterville High School and the improvement of the schools in every part of the State had caused the attendance of the school to decrease, the school con- tinued without marked change until Dr. Hanson's death. At this point a brief sketch of his life is appropriate, for during the sixtv-five years of the school's history up to that time, he had been at its head forty-one years ; in fact, he was the school. James Hobbs Hanson was bom in China, Me., April ii, 1817. He was fitted for college in China Academy under Henry Paine, who went to China after leaving Waterville Academy. He was graduated from Waterville College in 1842, and spent the next year teaching in the town of Hampden, Maine. The trustees of Waterville Academy found Mr. Hanson at home in China, where he was spending the summer at work on his father's farm, and invited him to take charge of the academy in the autumn. They could offer him no compensation beyond what he could receive in tuition fees. He began the work on these conditions and at the end of the first term found a balance of $40 on the wrong side of his account book. The next term brought no greater returns and Mr. Hanson decided to leave the school for 19 290 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. a position under Mr. Paine in China Academy. In response to earnest entreaties of the trustees, who promised to make vigorous efforts in the school's behalf, he decided to remain. This decision alone probably determined the continuance of the school. Refer- ence has already been made to Mr. Hanson's resignation in 1854 and his return in 1865, after teaching for three years in Eastport and eight years in Portland. From this time he gave himself unsparingly to the school until his death which occurred, April 21, 1894. Less than a week before his death he was about his accustomed duties in the schoolroom. The words of one of the speakers at the semi-centennial celebration express appreciatively the work of Dr. Hanson. "Waterville Academy owes its name and usefulness to the patient, self-denying toil of its present honored and already venerable principal. But for him no semi- centennial would have called us together. What kind of labor has he not performed ? What work did he ever ask another to do which perhaps he might better do himself? What work was he ever asked to do that he declined, however overworked he might already be? When other men wrought six hours in the classroom, he wrought twelve. I speak in no hyperbole. And then, when the long weary work in the classroom was at length over, the midnight hours saw him still at his task. Too poor to employ the needed assistance, too conscientious to leave any- thing undone that might be of use to the most ungrateful pupil, he toiled on seeking no reward but the satisfaction of doing his whole duty. If, through superior scholarship, severe habits of self-mastery, and a natural capacity for work beyond the great body of even strong men, he was able to do this and not die, he only counted himself happy that he could lay all his wealth, more precious than gold, upon the altar, a votive offering to his divine Master and his beloved pupils. It is surely a little thing that we, who have entered into the fruit of all this, should rise up, to-day, and call him blessed. Our preceptor has thus far been the academy's endowment." Dr. Hanson's reputation as a classical scholar was extensive and served as a great attraction to students preparing for college. Students came in large numbers from other schools to receive the last year's drill under his instruction. His reputation was greatly enhanced by the books which he edited. The Latin Prose HISTORY 01? WATERVILLE. 29I Book appearing in 1861, and the Latin Poets in 1865. These were recognized bj' classical teachers as a great contribution to the text-books of the time and were widely used for many years. He received the degree of LL- D., from Colby in 1872. He was for many years a trustee of the college. The high estimation in which Dr. Hanson was held by the large number of students and friends of the school is shared by Mrs. Hanson who, before her marriage, had been a teacher in the school, and for many years during Dr. Hanson's life, and at the time of his death worked by his side in the schoolroom. Rev. Asa L. Lane was acting principal for one term after Dr. Hanson's death, when Franklin W. Johnson, a graduate of Colby in the class of 1891, was elected principal, beginning his duties in September, 1894. This position he still holds. Mr. Lane resigned his position as instructor in science in July, 1901, after twenty-five years of continuous service in this position. He was a scientist of high reputation throughout the State. He left as a permanent endowment to the school the large collections which he had made illustrating the various departments of the natural sciences. These have been placed in a room furnished by the graduating class of 1902 which will hereafter be known as the "Lane Museum." The Boutelle Library receives its name from Timothy Bou- telle, whose daughter, Mrs. Edwin Noyes, presented the school $2,500 as an endowment fund for the library. The library occupies the most attractive room in the building. It now con- tains .3,517 volumes, with card catalogue, and forms a valuable adjunct to the work of the school. In 1897 the house and lot at the south corner of Elm and Spring streets was purchased. The house was renovated and has since been used as a dormitory for young ladies. The house is known as the "Hanson Cottage." From 1865 to 1901 the Institute remained under the control of the trustees of the College. During Dr. Hansons' life, how- ever, its management was virtually in his hands. He secured the teachers, contracted and paid the bills, received tuitions, and retained the balance, if there was any, for his own compensa- tion. His successor took charge of the school on a different basis. A committee of the trustees had oversight of the school's 292 HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. affairs and the finances were managed like those of any other department of the College. But the increasing demands made upon those responsible for the management of endowed educa- tional institutions, made it evident that strength would be added to the Institute if it could be under the control of a separate cor- poration. Accordingly the matter was brought to the attention of the College Board who acted favorably on a proposition to entrust the control of the school to a separate corporation. The following act of incorporation was passed by the Legislature and approved March 8, 1901 : "An Act to incorporate the Trustees of Coburn >^iassical Insti- tute. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in Legislature assembled, as follows : "Section i. Nathaniel Butler, Franklin W. Johnson, George D. B. Pepper, Horace Purinton, Leslie C. Cornish, Edwin C. Whittemore, Horatio R. Dunham, and Cyrus W. Davis are hereby created a corporation by the name of the Trustees of Coburn Classical Institute, for the purpose of maintaining a lit- erary institution in the city of Waterville with all the powers of similar corporations including the power to make and establish by-laws and regulations for the management of its affairs and the proper government of the institution. "Section 2. Said corporation shall be governed and its powers exercised by a board of not exceeding seventeen trustees, of which the president of Colby College and the principal of Coburn Classical Institute for the time being shall, ex-officio, be members. At the organization of the corporation, the number of other trustees shall be fixed by the by-laws and shall be divided as nearly as may be into three classes ; one class shall be elected for one year, one for two years, and one for three years ; and at each annual meeting thereafter, members shall be elected by the board in place of those whose terms shall expire, and any vacan- cies in the other classes shall be filled. "Section 3. Said corporation may use the real estate held in trust for it, and the income of all funds held in trust for it, by the president and trustees of Colby College, in accordance with the trust bv which thev are so held and with such arrangements as HISTORY OF VVATERVILLE. 293 shall from time to time be made with said president and trustees ; and may also take and hold, for the purposes of its creation, prop- erty in its own right to the amount of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. "Section 4. This act shall take eflfect when approved." Additional members, beside those mentioned in the above act were elected as follows: George K. Boutelle, William T. Haines, George O. Smith, Fred M. Preble, Allan P. Soule, George W. Lord, Norman L. Bassett, J. Frederick Hill. At the first meeting of the Board, held June 22, 1901, George D. B. Pepper, D. D., LL. D., was chosen president ; Norman L. Bas- sett, LL. B., secretary; and Horace Purinton, treasurer. The management of the school passed into the hands of the new cor- poration, July I, 1901. The value of this change has already been seen during the past year in which the school has been strengthened in various ways and plans have been set on foot for increasing the permanent funds of the institution. No exact statement can be made of the number of students enrolled during the history of the school. As many as 5,000 different students must have been in attendance during these years. The school has always prepared a large number of students for college. More students have entered college from this school than from any other Maine school. At least 700 have received their preparation here. Among the most prominent of these are Nelson Dingley, Jr., Ex-Governor of Maine and for many years an influential member of Congress. Llewellyn Powers, Ex-Governor and now member of Congress, Bartlette Tripp, formerly U. S. minister to Austria-Hungary, William Mathews, LL. D., professor and author; Nathaniel Butler, D. D., recently president of Colby College; Charles F. Meserve, LL. D., president of Shaw University; Judge William P. Whitehouse, Judge Albert M. Spear. Established as a feeder for Waterville College, the school has always fulfilled that mission. Those who have known conditions intimately have stated that, but for this school, the college would have been obliged, at times, to close its doors for lack of students. Since the foundation of Colby's four preparatory schools, Coburn has sent more graduates to the college than the other three 294 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. schools together. The school continues to send the larger part of its graduates to Colby though a large number of colleges now attract its students. During the past year graduates of Coburn have been enrolled at seventeen institutions as follows: Bates, Bowdoin, Boston University, Brown, Colby, Colgate, Columbia, Dartmouth, Harvard, Mount Holyoke, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Maine, University of Vermont, Vassar, Wellesley, Worcester Polytechnic Institution and Yale. In scholarship Coburn justly claims pre-eminence among Maine schools. Evidence of this may be found in the record of the graduates on entering college. In 1883 Colby offered the Merrill prizes to the members of the freshman class who should secure the highest rank in competitive examinations upon the work required for admission to college. Of the twenty prizes thus given, Coburn graduates have taken fourteen, while gradu- ates of all other schools have taken six. Of these six, the prize has been taken only once by a graduate of a Maine school. Colby draws its students from every part of IVIaine and in many instances from other states. This high standing of Coburn students in scholarship in competition with graduates of all other Maine schools is the best possible indication of the quality of the school's work. During the seventy-three years of its history, the school has been of incalculable benefit to the community. Until the estab- lishment of the public high school, the academy provided instruc- tion of a high degree of excellence to the pupils of the town. A large number of young men and women of ambition and promise also were attracted from various parts of Maine and other states who made their residence temporarily here. The school has thus shared with the college in making Waterville noted as a center of education and culture. To this is due, in no small measure, the attractiveness which the city presents to those seek- ing a place of residence. A still further consideration is the advantage to the city in a business way accruing from money which is brought into the business of the city by the considerable number of students each year attending the school. Within recent years the condition of the Maine academies has been changing. The rapid growth of the high schools both in number and efficiency has caused a great many of the old acad- HISTORY OF WATBRVILLE. 295 emies to disappear entirely or to become merged in the high schools of their respective towns. Recent legislation, while tem- porarily assisting the weaker academies, has served rather as an injury to the stronger schools of this class. The broadening of the scope of instruction and changes in methods have necessitated a larger number of teachers. Lower rates of interest have dim- inished the income from invested funds. All these causes have combined to present a ditificult problem to such schools as Coburn. The only solution rests in a considerable increase in the funds of the school. It is not too much to expect with confidence that the friends of the school in Waterville and elsewhere will rally to the support of an institution which is soon to close a proud record of three-quarters of a century. CHAPTER XI. COLBY COLLEGE. By Edward W. Hail, LL. D., Librarian and Registrar. Colby College originated with the Bowdoinham Baptist Asso- ciation which in 1810 appointed a committee to consider the propriety of petitioning the legislature of Massachusetts "to incorporate an institution in the district of Maine for the purpose of promoting literary and theological knowledge." Similar action was taken in 181 1 by the Lincoln and the Cumberland Associations, and a petition prepared by the joint committees was presented to the Senate of Massachusetts by Rev. Caleb Blood in 181 2. This petition stated that although the Baptists were undoubtedly more numerous in the district than any other denomination, yet they had no Seminary over which they had any control, and in which their religious young men might be educated under the particular inspection of able inen of the same sentiments. The petitioners asked the legislature to grant them "for the furtherance of their object a tract of good land, and cause it to be located as nighly in the centre of the district as your wisdom may find convenient. For, it is contemplated, that the seminary be in the very tract which your honorable body may see fit to grant for its encouragement." This first petition for incorporation was not successful. The following year Rev. Daniel Merrill of Sedgwick was appointed to present a second petition and succeeded in obtaining a charter, approved Februarj- 27, 1813, for establishing "a Literary Insti- tution for the purpose of educating youth, to be called and HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 297 known bv the name of the Maine Literary and Theological Insti- tution." The title given was at that time a favorite designation attached to many seminaries of learning in which collegiate and theological classes were united. The trustees named in the charter soon organized with Rev. Sylvanus Boardman as chairman and Rev. Otis Briggs as secre- tary, and entered upon the preliminary work of securing a suit- able location for the Institution. By a resolve dated February 15, 1815, township No. ,^, originally purchased from the Indians, and embracing the territory now occupied by the towns of Alton and Argyle on the west bank of the Penobscot river, was granted to the Institution. This township had been selected by the trus- tees as "the best selection, in their opinion, that can be made from the unlocated lands of the commonwealth for the establishment of the Institution." It yielded an excellent growth of timber, the sale of which maintained the young seminary for many years. The plan of locating the Institution on the very township granted was found impracticable, and in 1816 the legislature granted permission to locate and establish the buildings in any town within the counties of Kennebec and Somerset. The corporation appointed a committee in 18 17 to visit Farmington, Bloomfield and Waterville, towns which had expressed a desire to have the school, and eventually decided in favor of Waterville. The town authorities pledged three thousand dollars and the citizens sub- scribed two thousand in aid of the enterprise. A tract of land eighty-six rods wide, extending from the Ken- nebec to the Messalonskee was purchased of R. H. Gardner in 1818 for $1,797.50 which amount was contributed by citizens of Waterville. This lot, containing 179 acres, was afterward increased by the purchase of the Briggs estate adjoining it on the south. The southern boundary of this land, which also extended from the Kennebec to the Messalonskee, coincided with the south line of the lot on which the Button house, owned by the College, now stands. In June, 1818, upon petition of the trustees a bill was reported granting four additional townships of land and $3,000 annually for the maintenance of the Institution, but was referred to the next legislature for final action. At that session a number of printed petitions signed by citizens in several towns in Maine and 298 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Massachusetts, were offered urging the passage of the bill. The language of these petitions, presented by Hon. Wm. King, a trustee and later governor of Maine, was severely criticised, and Gen. Alford Richardson, a trustee and member of the legislature expressed great dissatisfaction on that account. This trivial circumstance led to the failure of the bill by a vote of 13 to 10, and entailed upon the Tn.stitution many years of poverty and sacrifice. Rev. Jeremiah Chaplin of Danvers, Mass., who had charge of the theological students of the Massachusetts Baptist Education Society was chosen professor of theolog}' in February, 1818. Accompanied by his wife, two children, and several of his pupils, he sailed from Beverly, Mass., on board the sloop '"Hero'' which brought the little company as far as Augusta. The remaining twenty miles to Waterville were accomplished in a long-boat, which Mrs. Chaplin in her journal describes as provided with sails and having a booth or cabin at one end. When the breeze failed them, the young men of the party landed and dragged the boat by a rope. On their arrival at Waterville they were met by a number of citizens, among whom was Hon. Timothy Boutelle who made a short address of welcome and provided for their entertainment. Mrs. Chaplin's journal gratefully records the courteous reception accorded them by Mrs. Boutelle, Mrs. Clark and }>lr. Partridge at this time, and it is mentioned that she found friendly neighbors who did not "seem to be such ignorant, uncul- tivated beings as some have imagined." It is gratifying also to read the following statement : "Many of those whom I have seen appear to be people of education and refinement, nor have we been destitute of Christian company." The new seminary was opened and instruction by Professor Chaplin commenced July 6, 181 8, in a house standing where the Elmwood Hotel is now situated. In May, 1819, there were seventeen students in the theological department. Tuition was fixed at $4.00 per quarter, board was obtained for $1.00 a week, and wood for $1.50 per cord. An "Address to the Public," issued in 1819, proves that the school was established not as a theological seminary, but also for "those who are desirous of engaging in any of the learned professions." HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 299 Rev. Avery Briggs was chosen professor of languages and the literary department was opened by him in October, 1819, with twenty-five students. The first session of the legislature of the State of Maine in 1820, authorized the college "to confer such degrees as are usually conferred by universities," — the sum of $1,000 annually for seven years was also voted, one-fourth for the tuition fees of needy students, a principle which was gener- ally followed in all the money grants to the College made by the legislature, which only amount to $14,500. The collegiate character of the young seminary was definitely declared in 1821 when the name of Waterville College was adopted. In May, 1822, Rev. Jeremiah Chaplin was elected president and on August 21 the first commencement exercises were held. A large concourse of people from towns in the vicin- ity assembled to witness the literary exercises. The procession, which continues to be a prominent feature of the day, was led by a band of music and a company of militia in uniform. George Dana Boardman and Ephraim Tripp constituted the graduating class, and both served the College as tutors. Two buildings had now been erected on the College grounds after cutting away the dense growth of trees. A dwelling house for the president had been completed in 1819 on the site now occupied by Memorial Hall. In 1821 the South College was built and eighteen rooms finished besides fitting up a part of the building for a chapel. The second dormitory, known as the North College and now called Chaplin Hall, was built in 1822. The mason work of both college buildings was done by Mr. Peter Getchell and the carpenter work by Mr. Lemuel Dunbar. The theological department of the College was of short dura- tion. The first triennial catalogue, issued in 1825, gives the names of fifteen graduates in theology. No record of any other students in this department appears in subsequent triennials. President Chaplin resigned in 1833, leaving the College pro- vided with two brick dormitories, two dwelling houses for col- lege officers, a large boarding house, a farm of 180 acres, tvv'o workshops, a good chemical and philosophical apparatus obtained at a cost of $1,500, and a library of about 2,000 volumes. After his death in 1841 the trustees passed resolutions "in grateful remembrance of the able, untiring and successful labor 300 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. of the late President Chaplin," aad a memorial tablet was placed on the wall of the College chapel. In 1831 a manual labor department was established to enable students to earn part of their College expenses by manufacturing doors, blinds, sashes, tables, chairs and similar articles. Three workshops were built for this department by the students them- selves, who also in 1832 built the large boarding house long known as the Commons House, and now occupied by the college superintendent of buildings and grounds. In 1835 a printing office was added, with a valuable press under the charge of Edgar H. Gray of the class of 1838. A variety of job work, the annual catalogues, and a thirty-four page catalogue of the library were issued from the "College Press." The enterprise proved unprofitable and the shops were removed from the College grounds in 1842. Rev. Rufus Babcock, Jr., succeeded President Chaplin in 1833. It was a critical period. The College was in debt $18,000 and could not meet more than three-fifths of its current expenses. The popularity and efficiency of the new president soon com- pleted a subscription to pay the debt and the catalogue for 1834 recorded the names of over one hundred students. The central brick building now called Champlin Hall was erected in 1836. The basement story was divided into four recitation rooms, above which was the college chapel reached by a broad flight of steps outside. The story above the chapel was occupied on the north side by the library and on the south by the apparatus and class room for natural philosophy. The value of the College property was now $50,000. Rev. John O. Choules returned from Eng- land in 1836 with gifts of 1,500 volumes for the library, includ- ing a set of the folio volumes of the Records Commission and the Royal Observatory. An attempt was now made to resume instruction in theological studies, but it was not continued after the resignation of Dr. Babcock in July, 1836, who was obliged to seek a milder climate. The resolutions adopted by the trustees are expressive of their sense of the "zeal and ability, the dignity and urbanity, with which he discharged the arduous duties confided to him." Rev. Robert E. Pattison, who had served as professor of mathematics in 1828-29, ^^^ chosen to succeed Dr. Babcock. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 3OI Under his care the attendance was largely increased and the quaHty of the instruction rose to a high rank. Another effort was made to reHeve the College from financial embarassment but without success. Dr. Pattison resigned the presidency in December, 1839, and several of the professors also tendered their resignations. By the influence of Prof. George W. Keely, the acting president, instruction was maintained and one more attempt made to secure funds. The citizens of Waterville responded liberally and $10,000 was at once subscribed, of which the ill-paid professors subscribed $2,000. Agents were sent out through Maine and Massachusetts and by December, 1840, sub- scriptions amounting to $50,000 were obtained. In August, 1841, Mr. Eliphaz Fay, an eminent teacher in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., was chosen president. The recent crisis affected the attendance, reducing the number of students in 1841- 42 to only seventy-six. The resignation of President Fay was accepted in August, 1843, ^""^ Rev. David N. Sheldon, then pastor of the Baptist church in Waterville was chosen his suc- cessor. Under his care and with the co-operation of an able and devoted faculty three of whom were subsequently eminent as college presidents, the earlier prestige of the College was revived and students presented themselves in larger number. Ten years passed in comparative quiet. The small income of the College was yet sufficient to meet its wants. In 1853 Dr> Sheldon retired to resume the work of the min.stry, and Dr. Pattison, the beloved president of the College in 1836-1839, was recalled to the direction of its affairs. His second term of three years was marked by the intellectual vigor and devotedness of a Christian character of rare excellence. Prof. James T. Champlin, whose text-books on the Orations of Demosthenes were for thirty years in general use in American colleges, was promoted to the presidency of the College in 1857. Some efforts were made to solicit endowment funds. The classes entering in 1858 and 1859 were unusually large, but before graduation the outbreak of the War of the Rebellion had called many into the service of the nation. Only sixty-two students remained in 1864-65. Professors Smith, Lyford, Foster and Hamlin constituted the faculty of instruction. With the invested funds reduced to $15,000 and rapidly grow- ing less, the outlook was indeed dark. The dawn of brighter 302 lUSTOKY OF \V.\TKK\1LLU. clays, however, was approaching. Mr. Gardner Colby of Boston, part of whose childhood had been spent in Waterville, came for- ward with an offer of $50,000 on condition that the friends of the College raise $100,000. Much enthusiasm was awakened by this generous offer, and Dr. Champlin, aided by members of the faculty, canvassed the state vigorously, completing the required subscription in about two years. In recognition of Mr. Colby's munificent gift, the trustees obtained from the legislature in 1867 an act changing the name of the College to Colby University. Mr. Colby's gift called forth other considerable gifts. Aided by the alumni a memorial building was built of stone in 1869 at a cost of $50,000. Here the library found a home especially designed for its use, though its 9,000 volumes seemed lost on the spacious shelves built to contain 30,000 in the far distant future. The new chapel accommodations wrought a marked change in the daily services, now held at eight o'clock instead of at six in the morning and five in the afternoon. In the iMemorial Hall was placed by the alumni a marble tablet inscribed with the names of twenty College men who hatl laid down their lives for the Union. The commencement dinner in 1870 was marked by great enthusiasm, culminating in pledges of $50,000 for a building for the department of natural sciences then directed by Prof. Charles E. Hamlin. The building was finished in 1872 and styled Coburn Hall. The old chapel was remodeled into convenient lecture rooms and named Champlin Hall. The early six o'clock recitations were abandoned. Steam heating was introduced into the renovated North College now called Chaplin Hall. These improvements were made under the direct supervision of Presi- dent Champlin and paid for by subscriptions solicited mainly by him, and yet the invested funds had increased to $200,000. The semi-centennial of the College in 1870 was the occasion of an address by Dr. Champlin in which he reviewed the early history of the College and its prospective advancement. Hon. D. L. Milliken of Waterville, a trustee and benefactor of the College, was instrumental in obtaining from the State in 1864 a grant of two half townships of land, the last gift from that source. HISTORY OF WATKnVILr.E. 3O3 In July, 1872, Dr. Champlin tendered his resignation but remained in office at the request of the trustees one year longer, when he retired to devote himself to literary pursuits. Rev. Henry E. Robins, D. D., of Rochester, N. Y., came to the presidency in 1873. He aroused new interest in the College especially among the Baptist churches of the State, being firmly convinced that only in this way could a permanent and growing constituency be gained. New courses of instruction were added and those long established infused with new life. The South College was renovated, the gymnasium made an important factor in college training, and the library, in the year of the great awakenmg of library interest, was placed in charge of a paid librarian. The collection of the two literary societies, the Liter- ary Fraternity which was maintained from 1824 to 1878, and the Erosophian Adelphi from 1836 to 1876, were united with the College library. A gratifying increase in attendance followed, the highest number being 157 in 1879. On the death of Mr. Colby in 1879 the College received a bequest of $120,000. The arduous labors of President Robins so undermined his health that he was obliged to spend the year 1880-81 in foreign travel, leav- ing Prof. S. K. Smith, D. D., as acting president, and in 1882 he resigned his position. Hon. Percival *Bonney was chosen treas- urer in 1 88 1 and served twenty-one years in that office. Rev. George D. P.. Pepper, D. D., succeeded President Robins in 1882 and administered the afifairs of the College with great fidelity until failing health compelled him to resign in 1889. The average attendance during this period was about 120. Dr. Pepper developed measures for the improvement of the work and finances of the College and advanced its reputation. Hon. Abner Coburn, dying in 1885, bequeathed $200,000 to the College of which he had been a faithful trustee for forty years. Hon. Richard C. Shannon, who was graduated in 1862, erected in 1889 the brick building called the Shannon Observatory and Physical Laboratory, for the department than in charge of the eminent astronomer. Dr. William A. Rogers. President Pepper, in 1885, obtained the establishment of a new professorship of geology and mineralogy, to which Dr. W. S. Bayley of the U. S. Geological Survey was called. The professor of history, Dr. A. W. Small, devoted a year's leave of absence to university 304 HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. Study in Baltimore, supplementing an earlier course in Berlin. At Dr. Pepper's retirement the endowment funds had risen to $505,767. His unexpected resignation was accompanied by a strong recommendation that Prof. Albion \V. Small, Ph. D., be appointed his successor. The suggestion was at once ratified by the board of trustees and President Small, the first graduate of the College to be chosen to that office, assumed his duties in August, 1889. His intimate knowledge of the conditions and limitations of the College enabled him to devise measures for improving its educational facilities and exerting a wider influ- ence. To meet the growing demand for the higher education of young women Dr. Small conceived the plan which was at once put into successful operation, of arranging for the instruction of the young women in separate classes, thus forming a co-ordi- nate college system. The plan of giving to the students some participation in the government of the collegiate body, proposed by Dr. Pepper, was developed and set in operation by President Small. In 1891 the number of students was 184. The University of Chicago called Dr. Small in 1892 to be the honored head of its department of sociology. An able successor to President Small was found in the young pastor of the Free Street church in Portland, Rev. Benaiah L. Whitman, D. D., in whose first year, 1892-93, 206 students were enrolled. A department of Biblical instruction, with Dr. Pepper at its head, was maintained largely by special contributions from 1892 to 1899. Courses in university extension work were offered by several of the Colby professors between the years 1892 and 1900. The gymnasium was enlarged and furnished with baths and modern equipment in 1893 and physical training became an important adjunct to the curriculum. The vigorous and efficient administration of President Whitman attracted the notice of Columbian University in 1895, and he was called to the presidency of that institution. A second graduate of the College, Dr. Nathaniel Butler, whose father and grandfather had served as trustees of Waterville College, was induced to leave an important position in the Uni- versity of Chicago to become president of Colby. Dr. Butler entered upon his duties in January, 1896, bringing a wide experi- HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 305 ence in college instruction and high ideals of the function of the college in the American educational system. Under his com- petent direction intellectual, physical and social education each received due consideration. The misleading title of "university," assumed when our country had no real universities, was exchanged in 1899 ^°^ '^''■'''^ o^ "College" at his instance. A subscription to raise .$60,000 for new buildings and other purposes, received the approval of the citizens of Waterville at a public meeting called by the board of trade. The desired amount was obtained. Rev. N. T. Button acting as financial agent. The Alumni Chemical Hall was erected in 1898 at a cost of $30,000. A pledge that in due time a building for the Women's College should be built and furnished was received from a friend whose name is not yet made public. Rev. C. E. Owen, after the decease of IMr. Button, was given charge of a second subscription of $60,000 and his appeals have met with favorable response. President Butler gradually brought the manifold details and diverse interests of -all departments of college activity into har- monious and systematic working. A marked improvement in College spirit and loyalty was awakened in the student body. His scholarly addresses at many literary and educational gather- ings reflected great honor upon the College and made its name more widely and honorably known. But the University of Chicago which reluctantly parted with Br. Butler in 1896, again claimed him in June, 1901, to take charge of an important division of its work. His resignation seemed like a public calamity, affecting not only the College, but the entire community, which had through him been brought to take an unusual interest in the welfare of the College. A farewell dinner was given to Br. Butler by the citizens of Waterville and a silver loving-cup presented as a token of their high esteem. The trustees elected as the successor of President Butler, Rev. Charles L. White, B. B., of Hampton Falls, N. H., a graduate of Brown University, who entered upon his duties September first, 1901, and consequently at this centennial of Waterville is at the beginning of his presidential career. 20 CHAPTER Xll. THE SECRET FRATERNAL ORDERS OF WATERVILLE. By NoKMAN Kkith Fuller, Esq. The time is not far distant when it will be proper to add to that trite expression, "The permanence of our republican govern- ment rests on the school, the church and the home," a fourth institution, the secret fraternal order. The large number of fraternal orders in the country, their remarkable growth and the prominence of many of the men who are members, bespeak for them a prosperous future and a yet larger influence in the devel- opment of our republic. Waterville was only in its infancy when the first fraternal order, the Masonic, was established here ; it had been incorporated as a town only eighteen years, its first church had been estab- lished only two years and a bridge across the Kennebec, connect- ing it with Winslow, was not constructed until four years later. It will thus be seen that from its early history the secret fraternal orders have been a part of the life of the city, growing and devel- oping with it, until to-day one is surprised at the large number which not only exist, but thrive, in a place the size of Waterville. Not all orders, however, have found Waterville a fertile field. Some have met an early death. But when we contemplate the large number that find a welcome home here to-day we have ample proof that Waterville people are not slow to appreciate an institution which, regarded in all its varied phases, represents so much that is indispensable to the highest happiness and wel- fare of our citizens. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 307 "I think, am sure, a brother's love exceeds All the world's loves in its unworldliness." The various orders are treated in the order of their establish- ment in this city. Waterville Lodge, No. 33, F. & A. M., was the thirty-third Masonic lodge formed in the State and was so numbered. Its organization dates from the summer of 1820, in which year the grand lodge of Maine was formed, and the district of Maine separated from Massachusetts, and erected into an independent State. The charter of the lodge, bearing date June 27, 1820, was granted in compliance with the petition of thirteen brethren then living in Waterville, Fairfield, Clinton and Winslow. It is worthy of mention that the charter of the lodge bears the signa- ture of William King, as grand master of the grand lodge, who was also the first governor of the new State of Maine ; of Simon Greenleaf, as deputy grand master, who became a distinguished jurist and author, and a professor in the Harvard Law School ; of William Swan, as senior grand warden ; of Nathaniel Coffin, as junior grand warden; of William Lord, as grand secretary. Of the charter members Jephthah Ames was an axe-maker. He resided in Waterville but a short time and removed to New Hampshire. Major Ebenezer Bolkcom was a highly esteemed and wellknown citizen. He died in Georgia whither he went to recuperate his health about 1850. Elias Cobb was studying law with Mr. Boutelle. Ellis Burgess was keeper of a public house at West Fairfield. Col. Ephraim Getchell came from Berwick and afterwards removed to Carmel. Henry Johnson came from the state of New York to Clinton, and there is a tradition that he was concerned in some way in the Hamilton and Burr duel in 1804, and that that was the occasion for his emigrating to the then district of Maine. General William Kendall, the father of Capt. William Kendall, of circular-saw celebrity, was a man of much importance. He owned nearly all of the land on which is now located Fairfield village. In honor of him, the village was for many years called Kendall's Mills. Thomas Stinchfield was a clothier, Hezekiah Stratton was a merchant. Calvin Wood was a mill-man and lumber-man. Capt. Nahum Wood lived in Winslow, and was a carpenter. David Nourse was a boatman. Dr. Stephen Thayer was a wellknown physician. 308 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. The meetings of the lodge have been held in eight different places. The lodge was organized October 26, 1820, in Thomas Kimball's hall in the tavern kept by him on the western side of Maine street. It stood ver\' nearly on the site of the building now occupied by Mr. Harriman for a jeweller's store and Air. Dunham for a shoe store. The meetings were held here for nearly four years. From July, 1824, until suspension of work in 1831, when the anti-masonic excitement prevailed, the lodge met in the Bank house, so-called, a large wooden structure sit- uated at the foot of Main street, on the western side. For the next fourteen years only one meeting was held and that was held in the office of Alpheus Lyon. From the resumption of work in February, 1845, ""til about 1830, the lodge met in the hall of the Waterville Liberal Institute, on Elm Street, corner of School street, in a building which still stands on the same site, converted into a dwelling. From December 16, 1850, to February 3, 1851, the fraternity had temporary quarters in Phoenix hall, the same room which is now used for the typographical and printing work of the Waterville Mail. The next meeting place of the lodge was in the third story of the building now occupied by Ward- well's dry goods store. The fraternity used this room for twenty-four years from February 10, 1851, to April 12, 1875. The Commandery newly organized, held the last meeting here on the 25th of March, 1875. The sixth hall, which was occupied by the lodge from 1875 to 1890, was in the old Plaisted building which was located on the site of the new brick Plaisted building. The seventh place of meeting was in Ware's hall, on the upper floor of the building now occupied by the Merchants' National Bank. The eighth and present place of meeting is the new Masonic Temple on Common street, which was consecrated in full masonic form by the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Maine on Saturday, June 13, 1891, just seventy years to a day from the consecration of the lodge. The day was a proud one for Waterville Masons. Distinguished visitors from other places including Palestine Commandery of Belfast, joined with the local members of the fraternity and their ladies in the celebration. The exercises were very elaborate and included an oration by Rev. J. L. Seward, of the Unitarian church. The first meeting HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 3O9 of the lodge in this temple on March 23, 1891, had been the occasion of a strange coincidence. It happened to be precisely sixty years to a day since the last meeting, March 23, 1831, before the dark days of Masonry. As if to commemorate the event the electric lights all went out. This was owing to the high water in the Kennebec river. Oil lamps were quickly pro- vided by the aid of which the exercises of the evening were com- pleted. The only thing lacking to make the temple complete was procured in 1901, when the various masonic bodies purchased at a cost of fifteen hundred dollars, a new pipe organ, one of the finest toned organs in the city. Though believing in religion, and though practicing charity, the Masonic order is primarily and essentially fraternal. As indicating the prominence of some of the men who have been Masons in this city it is worthy of mention that, with one excep- tion, all of the mayors of Waterville, from its incorporation as a city in 1888, to the present time have been Masons. On Augi-ist 14, 1901, by request of the city government, the corner stone of the new city hall was laid with due ceremony under the auspices of the Masonic lodge, represented by the offi- cers of the grand lodge of Maine. In the eighty-two years since it was chartered, Waterville lodge has had forty-one different masters, as follows : Benjamin Adams, David Shepherd, Joseph R. Abbott, Alpheus Lyon, Mil- ford P. Norton, Daniel Cook, Richard M. Dorr, Samuel Wells, Asil Stilson, Alden Palmer, Jeremiah Arnold, Thomas W. Her- rick, Wadsworth Chipman, Josiah H. Drummond, Charles M. Morse, Edward G. Meader, Charles R. McFadden, Willard B. Arnold, Frank W. Knight, Nathaniel Meader, Jonathan Meader, Isaac S. Bangs, Edmund F. Webb, Charles H. Alden, Llewellyn E. Cromm.ett, R. Wesley Dunn, Frederick C. Thayer, Franklin A. Smith, Andrew L. McFadden, Edwin F. Small, Horace W. Stewart, True B. Page, William H. K. Abbott, Anson O. Libby, Warren C. Philbrook, Frank Walker, Charles F. Johnson, Martin F. Bartlett, Herbert M. Fuller, John M. Webber, Cyrus W. Davis. There have been connected with Waterville lodge either by demit from other lodges or by having taken one or more degrees. 310 HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. or honorary members, a total of 669 men, the present membership being 266. Till-; Teconnet Chapter Royal Arch jMasoxs was organ- ized in this city in 1892, by dispensation from the Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Maine. St. Omer Commandery of Knights Templar was organized with sixty charter members, September 27, 1874. The eminent commanders have been : George Wilkins, Isaac S. Bangs, Nathaniel Meader, Frederick C. Tha3'er, Frank A. Smith, Andrew L. McFadden, Horace W. Stewart, E. L. Veasie, Fred A. Lovejoy, W. A. R. Boothby; Warren C. Philbrook, Arthur H. Totman, John Phillips, James Frederick Hill, Charles F. Johnson and Mortimer E. Adams. Martha Washington Chapter, No. 15, of the Order of THE Eastern Star, was organized February 24, 1894. TicoNic Division, No. 13, Sons of Temperance is as its name implies, a temperance organization, and was instituted November 27, 1845. This order did much to pave the way for the establishment of the prohibitory law in this State. Among the early patriarchs were T. O. Sanders, Eldridge L. Getchell, W. M. Phillips, Edward L. Smith, E. H. Piper, R. Perley, Simeon Keith, Edward C. Low, John P. Caffrey, Jones R. Elden and George S. C. Dow. Ticonic Division was reorganized in 1858 with the following charter list : H. C. Leonard, Llewellyn E. Crommett, Charles M. Morse, Charles R. McFadden, Charles W. Wingate, Jones R. Elden, Joshua C. Bartlett, Thomas W. Herrick, Charles R. Phillips, Hiram P. Cousins, George L. Robinson, Jeremiah Arnold, Edward C. Lowe, Joshua Nye and Moses Hanscom. The worthy patriarchs since reorganizaton have been : Everett R. Drummond, Levi T. Boothby, Samuel Osborne, Thomas Ran- sted, Mrs. Estelle Ransted, Byron Kimball, Mrs. Laura F. Mason, James Coombs, Hiram O. Ray, Inez White, Vonia Pres- sey, Irving P. Barnes, Estelle Ray, S. H. Holmes, Mary Wilson, C. P. Toward, Stephen J. Cunningham, A. W. Starbird, Myra Coombs, Edwin Barnes, Frank J. White, Arthur Barton, Amelia Smith, Emily Ray and Leverett Dow. The order has a present membership of about thirty. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 3II In 1846 a lodge of the I. O. O. F. was founded in Waterville by Amasa Dingley, and named Samaritan Lodge No. 39. Among the charter members were James Smiley, George H. Esty. Solon S. Simons, and Henry B. White. Eldridge L. Getchell, Sumner and Joseph Percival, Simeon Keith, Nathaniel R. Boutelle and Ephraim Maxham were among the early mem- bers. After continuing eight years the lodge became dormant, but twenty years later, when Odd Fellowship revived, a new charter was granted under the old name and number, and on January 14, 1874, the grand officers instituted the present lodge with eleven charter members, as follows : Edward C. Lowe, Geo. H. Esty, Henry B. White, Joshua Nye, W. G. Penny, Joseph Percival, Nathaniel R. Boutelle, D. M. Black, Ephraim Maxham, Geo. Jewell, and Levi T. Boothby. The Noble Grands of the lodge, beginning with 1874, have been : Henry B. White, a char- ter member, Edward C. Lowe, George H. Esty, Joshua Nye, D. M. Black, Levi T. Boothby, Henry T. Chamberlain, Charles H. Drummond, George S. Dollofif, Evander Gilpatrick, Calvin W. Gilnian, Charles H. Jones, Simeon Keith, E. A. Longfellow, W. J. Maynard, Newton J. Norris, J. L. Perkins, F. A. Robbins, Weston B. Smiley, J. E. Scribner, E. N. Small, E. L. Spaulding, William L Towne, J. L. Towne, Charles R. Tyler, C. Henry Williams, Eugene W. Woodman, M. H. Blackwell, Joseph M. Barker, John Dailey, Charles M. Turner, William C. Cannon, Edgar N. Keene, William A. Hager, Chandler W. Wormell, Josiah W. Morrell, William H. Dearborn, Horace S. Howard, Charles L. Getchell, George H. Watts, and D. R. McLean. Odd Fellowship is primarily fraternal, but it has always done much in a charitable way, relieving the sick and dying, aiding the widow, protecting and educating the orphan. Its members are enjoined to illustrate by their acts and carry out, as far as pos- sible, the sublime maxim, — "All things whatsoever ye would that men should do unto you, do ye even so to them." The lodge now has a membership of two hundred and twenty. It occupies one of the finest halls in the city, in the new Haines block on Common street. Encampment No. 22 was chartered at Fairfield August 9, iS74,as Somerset Encampment No. 22. In January, 1883, it was 312 HISTORY OF WATEKVILLIC. changed to Ahikam Encampment No. 22. Canton Halifax No. 24 was chartered June 5, 1889. Dorcas Rf.i!Ekaii Degree Lodge No. 41 was instituted April 25, 1892. Waterville Lodge, Good Temtlars. was organized January 17, 1876, with Frederick S. Clay, VV. C. T. The following were charter members : J. L. Perkins, H. M. Rice, Eugene Hyland, Willie Hyland, Albert E. Estes, William Thayer, Frederick S. Clay, James N. King, E. J. Lowe, Lizzie Amazeen, Hannah Leavitt, Ada E. Estes, Lizzie S. Wheeler, Annie Phelon. Abbie E. Ridley, Mrs. S. R. Tibbetts, Effie E. Wheeler, Hattie E. Haynes, Flora E. Morton, Belle Morton, J. M. Garland, J. L. Towne, C. E. Estes, Edith Furbush, J. H. W. Lawrence, and Henry Ware. Samuel Osborne, the colored janitor at Colby College, has always been an active member, having held office in the grand lodge of Maine. He was chosen a delegate to the supreme lodge which holds its session at Stockholm, Sweden, his expenses being paid as a testimonial by his many friends. The order has a present membership of ninety-eight. Waterville Lodge No. 3, A. O. U. W.. an insurance and fraternal order, is in a flourishing condition, with a present mem- bership of two hundred and eighty-five. It was organized here March 22, 1882, with twenty-two charter members, largely through the influence of J. W. Garland. January i, 1890, Pine Tree Lodge No. 19, of Fairfield, with thirty-three members was consolidated with Waterville lodge. The presiding officers have been William T. Haines, Fred D. Nudd, C. P. Toward, C. P. Sherman, Albert E. Ellis, Charles F. Johnson, Orrison O. Cross, Edwin Towne, David P. Stowell, George A. Warren, C. F. Merrill, Everett E. Haynes, and Joseph O'Conner. On April 5, 1893, the Degree of Honor, Fidelity Lodge, No. 3, was organized, and since then the Helping Hand Asso- ciation. The lodge occupies spacious rooms on the third floor of the Arnold block. Havelock Lodge No. 35, Knights of Pythias was instituted May 17, 1883, and holds a high position among the fraternal organizations of the city. The following were the charter mem- bers : W. A. R. Boothbv, Andrew L. McFadden, E. M. Mars- HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 313 ton, Appleton Webb, Edward C. Luce, Appleton H. Plaistcd, A. C. Crockett, Leonard D. Carver, Alfred Thompson, Frank Redington, Frank J. Goodridge, W. S. Dunham, J. M. Wall, William F. Swan, A. J. Lyon, Phenny Lyon, John N. Webber, Reaford Patten and F. W. Kincaid. The chair of the C. M. has been filled by the following : A. W. Allen, Charles F. Ayer, Stephen F. Brann, Luther G. Bunker, Samuel A. Burleigh, Edgar J. Brown, George S. Dollofif, John A. Davidson, Frank J. Goodridge, F. A. Lincoln, Warren C. Philbrook, Henry C. Prince, Luke B. Spencer, Frank W. Smith, Selden E. Whitcomb, Everett C. Wardwell, and H. Leroy Simpson. The lodge has a present membership of one hundred and fifty, and is proud to number among its members the grand chancellor of the grand lodge of Maine, in the person of Hon. Warren C. Philbrook. The Uniform Rank, Bayard Company No. 9, which is the military branch of the order, was instituted November 10, 1890. It has a membership of fifty-two. It drills and is governed by the same military tactics as are used in the U. S. Army. The past captains are A. W. Stewart, Eugene W. Allen, F. A. Lincoln, Henry C. Prince, Hiram O. Ray, Luther G. Bunker and Edgar J. Brown. CoMMANDERV No. 332, U. O. G. C, 'vas instituted February 3, 1888, with twenty-five charter members. It has a present membership of seventy-five. The presiding officers from the beginning have been Jefferson Wood, Thomas W. Scribner, Herbert M. Fuller, H. W. Ludwig, Samuel W. Fuller, N. F. Tower, Mrs. H. M. C. Estes, Lewis M. Small, L. S. Tupper, Luke Ivers, Joseph H. Knox, Byron A. Kimball, Angelos W. Merrill, Mrs. E. M. Brann, Alden A. Wright, Mrs. F. F. Merrill, Mabel Lacomb, J. S. Lewis, and Fred S. Harding. The objects of this order are social, beneficent and fraternal. During the fourteen years it has existed in the city $13,500 have been paid to local beneficiaries. L'Union Laf.wette, founded in 1890, is a social and insur- ance order, wholly local, and has a present membership of two hundred and ninety. 314 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Its presidents have been Joseph Matthieu, Achille Joly, A. P. A. Pichette, Adelard Holde, Fred W. Clair, Abraham Reny, Peter D. Fortier and Gedeon Picher. Waterville Lodge, No. 221, New England Order of Pro- tection was instituted June 19, 1893, with the following charter members: William T. Haines, Warren C. Philbrook, W. Fred P. Fogg, Carroll \V. Abbott, Colby Getchell, R. E. Attwood, Gustavus L. Weeks, S. A. Estes, Clarence R. Miller, Granville Sibley, E. A. Bailey, Waldron F. Kennison, George V. Spauld- ing, Clarence E. Tupper, F. M. Shores, J. K. Soule, and S. H. Rhoades. This order is a ritualistic, benevolent and fraternal one, with a present membership of about sixty. A rather remarkable thing in connection with Waterville lodge is that in the nine years of its existence death has not entered its ranks. The following have filled the warden's chair: W. Fred P. Fogg, Gustavus L. Weeks, George F. Gile, Colby Getchell, Waldron F. Kennison, E. A. Cox, Eugene W. Woodman, and Russell S. Barton. Court Sebasticook, No. 1,495, Independent Order of For- esters, was organized March 2, 1894, by James Grover, with forty-six charter members, among whom were Charles F. John- son, Harvey D. Eaton, J. Frederick Hill, Frederick C. Thayer, Mark Gallert, Henry C. Prince, Charles E. Matthews, Elwood T. Wyman, Cyrus \V. Davis and F. August Knauff. It is an insurance and fraternal order. The past chief rangers are Harvey D. Eaton, Charles F. Ayer, Hartwell W. Pollard and W. Parker Stewart. Frank J. Hughes is the present chief ranger. The American Benefit Society, an insurance order, has two lodges in the city. Waterville Lodge, No. 40, started December 31, 1895, with twenty-four charter members and has a present membership of fifty. Its presidents have been John J. Reid, George L. Cannon and George F. Davies. Richelieu Lodge, No. 4, was organized January 28, 1896, with thirty charter members and has a present membership of sixty. HISTORY OF waterville:. 315 Its presidents liave been Fred VV. Clair, Gedeon Pitclier, Achille Joly, Joseph Bujeaii and Abraham Reny. Waterville Council, No. 148, Knights oi' Columbus was organized February 9, 1896, with thirty-nine charter members. It is a social, fraternal and insurance order, and has a present membership of sixty. It meets in the Knights of Columbus Hall on the west side of Main street. The following have filled the chair of grand knight : John B. Friel, John P. Baxter, Fred \\'. Clair, John Hogan and Arthur Darviau. Kennebec Council, No. 14, Order United American Mech.\nics was instituted in this city in Seper's Hall, Novem- ber 6, 1896. with thirty-one charter members, as follows : Frank Brann, Alphonso H. Cook, William H. Andrews, E. A. Mills, John Fish, Milan S. Thomas, Russell C. Taylor, C. C. Ellis, Hiram E. Eddy, Alonzo E. Mathews, George B. Huff, Oscar N. Getchell, M. L. Strickland. Fred L. Merrill, Warren C. Casey, John King, C. A. Farnham, William H. Belleveau, James T. Flynn, George A. Warren, Charles A. Holway, Algenon C. Glazier, Charles W. Davis, Leroy R. Kitchen, Charles C. Bridges, James H. Pooler, E. D. Mitchell, Charles E. Wright, Charles H. Gibson, Thomas G. Rose and Claude C. Cole. The O. U. A. M. is a patriotic, social, fraternal and benevolent secret association, composed entirely of those born in the United States of America, or under the protection of its flag. Its motto is, "Honesty, industry, and sobriety." The local lodge after meeting in Soper's Hall until December i, 1897, leased its pres- ent fine hall in Milliken block on the corner of ]\Iain and Silver streets. The following is a list of the senior ex-councillors : E. F. Parker, Everett E. Haynes, Frank W. Lewis, George A. Warren, Leroy R. Kitchen, William M. Pulsifer. Charles Bridges and David H. Bowker. The Foresters of America are represented in this city by two lodges. The first. Court Canada, was organized among the French citizens in 1896, with six charter members. The second. Court America, No. 14, was organized February 25, 1897, with 3l6 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. thirty-five charter members. This order is purely a beneficial and benevolent organization. Its purposes are the mutual pro- tection and assistance of its members in sickness and distress. The past chief rangers are Fred D. Nudd, Edwin J. Littlefield, Harry E. Hinds, George \V. Hoxie, Edward L. Hanscom, Dana P. Foster, James A. Weymouth and Fred E. Hoxie. The Modern Woodmen of America, Waterville, Camp No. 8,465, was organized in this city August 9, 1900. It is a fraternal insurance order, and started with a charter list of six- teen members, as follows ; Warren C. Philbrook, Luther G. Bunker, W. E. Choate, Thomas Suttie, Bliss T. Watts, E. L. Marston, Peter M. Libby, Alden A. Wright, Flavins H. Mace, W. M. Ladd, Ernest M. Home, C. H. Page, J. E. Lashus, Charles A. Grondin, Frank Blanchard and Fred E. Libby. The Maccabees is represented by two lodges, both of which were organized in 1901. Ticonic Tent has a membership of one hundred and forty, and Hope Tent, No. 12, a membership of fifty-two. This is an insurance order. At Colby there are five Greek letter fraternities : Delta Kappa Epsilon. chartered at Colby in 1845, has a membership of twenty-four; Zeta Psi, chartered in 1850, has a membership of eighteen ; Delta Upsilon, chartered in 1852, has a member- ship of twenty-seven ; Phi Delta Theta, chartered in 1884, has a membership of twenty-one; Alpha Tau Omega, chartered in 1892, has a membership of ten. There are two sororities, both of which are local. Sigma Kappa, founded in 1874, numbers thirty-two members and Beta Phi, foimded in 1895, numbers twenty-eight. At one time there existed in the city an organization of Grangers, of which Martin Blaisdell, Fred Pooler and George Balentine were prominent members. It is long since defunct. The Knights of Honor, No. 289, an insurance and fraternal order, was establisiied here in 1870 and existed for about fifteen years. Bombazcen Tribe of Red Men, No. 39, was instituted in 1894. Although it had a membership of seventy-five the attendance at the meetings was so small that the charter was given up in 1901. HISTORY OF WATKRVILLE. 317 The Ancient Ascenic Order, the prime purpose of which was insurance, was established here in 1898, but only lasted one year. THK CANIEAS CLUB. Club life for men has its sole representative in this city in the Canibas Club. This club is a local organization for social pur- poses and was formed on Washington's birthday, 1889. Its first president was Gen. I. S. Bangs ; first vice-president. Dr. F. C Thayer ; second vice-president, H. W. Stewart ; secretary and treasurer, George K. Boutelle, Esq. Its first board of directors included E. L. Jones, E. L. Veazie, Frank Redington, John N. Webber and W. M. Dunn. The club moved into its present elegant quarters on Main street just below the Unitarian church, November 13, 1889. Its officers for the present year are : President, Oscar G. Springfield ; vice-president, F. B. Hubbard ; secretary and treas- urer, E. M. Home. Directors, W. S. Dunham, G. F. Terry, W. J. Fogarty, C. E. Mathews, E. L. Jones. The present mem- bership of the club is fifty-nine. CHAPTER XllI SOCIAL LIFE IN WATERVILLE. By Martha Baker Dunn, author of "Memory Street," Lias' Wife. etc. The social life of any moderate-sized town or city is usually a difHcult thing to classify or even to formulate. It is apt to be sporadic rather than general, and subject to a reaction and reaction as pronounced though perhaps not as regular as the ebb and flow of the tide; yet to say as one is sometimes on first thought tempted to do, that any spot where human beings live has no social life, is to forget that the most significant part of the history of the world is made up of the daily intercourse of men and women with each other, and that the impulses born of such intercourse, the ties and emotions that grow out of it, constitute the underlying forces that mould society. Little record of the social life of Waterville up to the beginning of the nineteenth century seems to have been preserved even in tradition. In 1 791 the population of Winslow, which then included the territory on both sides of the river, is estimated at 77g persons of whom more than half lived within the present limits of Waterville, and loved, hated, married, bore children, salted their bread with tears or ate it with joy, died and were buried even as they are to-day. Among the names of citizens engaged in business and paying taxes on the west side of the river at that time we find Crommetts, Lows, Tozers, Soules, Stack-poles and others, names still well known in Waterville annals, and had some one of these bygone worthies been inspired to keep such a journal of current events HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 319 as was done by Gen. Henry Sevvall of Augusta he might have materially aided the labors of the modern historian. The few diaries and memorandum books available which fur- nish any records of those early days contain only the sparsest and most commonplace details, records of barter and sale, the time of sowing crops and similar intensely practical matters. There is, however, in the memorandum book of one of the resi- dents of ancient Winslow a single personal note which stands, unexplained, amidst the monotonous sequence of weather, crops and traffic, leaving one to wonder whether there may, perchance, have been a heart-throb registered in its brief statement. "August 15th Sarah Johnson went away ;" that is all the record tells us. Who Sarah was, where and why she went, what made her departure of such importance, and whether she ever came back, these are questions which arise at once, but the answers are lost ia the oblivion of time. So far as the curiosity of the present generation is concerned, Sarah's going away was a per- manent event. The times when things are beginning are frequently strenuous ones. In the early days of new settlements the actors in the scene find enough in the struggle and stress of everyday life to weary their muscles and satisfy their thirst for excitement. Probably the first residents of Waterville were sufficiently occu- pied in conquering the wilderness and solving the problem of daily existence, and neither felt the need nor saw the opportunity for many festivities. Such entertaining as did take place was undoubtedly more or less primitive in its nature. We read in the histories of the time that the colonists kept up intercourse with their distant friends and acquaintances and managed in spite of obstacles to pay occasional visits to those liv- ing in other settlements. The river was then much more com- monly used as a thoroughfare of travel than it is at present. Horseback journeys were also very frequent. About 1793 pleasure carriages began to appear in Maine and in that year General Sewall records the purchase of his "new topped sleigh." As early as 1784 mention is made in Mr. Sewall's diary of a sleighing party from Augusta to Ebenezer Farwell's in Vassalboro, "returning the same night." Very 320 HISTORY OF WATEKVII.LE. possibly this journey was made on the ice. as the roads at that time were still very bad. Among the amusements mentioned as being in vogue at that period were "spinning bees and wool-breakings" for spinning and carding. These gatherings not infrequently ended in a dance. When Col. Lithgow was in command at Fort Halifax we are told that, being a very gallant man, he was accustomed in the winter time to command his men to sweep the ice and slide the ladies. There was at that time an island in the Kennebec river just below Ticonic falls which during the warm weather was much resorted to by the officers and their wives for pleasure parties. This is the first record of local gaieties which appears. General Ezekiel Pattee, the pioneer innkeeper of ancient Wins- low, which at that time included ancient Waterville, kept a tavern within the precincts of Fort Halifax. Here, tradition tells us, he at one time entertained "company from Boston" who came down to view the landscape o'er and ask questions quite after the manner of the modern summer boarder. At this inn Aaron Burr was once a guest, but whether the presence of the noted lady- killer fluttered the pulses of the local belles no record remains to tell. Tradition, however, reports that Col. Burr was profoundly moved by the striking beauty of a daughter of Col. Lithgow. The lady however, despite the poetry which he sent her, would have nothing to do with him. On June lo, 1795, the Reverend Joshua Cushman was ordained as pastor of the Winslow church. The ordination services were held on the Plains, where a huge evergreen bower supported by twenty pillars had been erected for the purpose. This was a memorable occasion. Ten churches were represented by their pastors and also by many of their people. During the first part of Mr. Cushman's pastorate, he preached alternately on the east and west sides of the river and the ceremonies of his ordination were of common interest to both settlements and offered oppor- tunity for a notable reunion of relatives and acquaintances. With the beginning of the nineteenth century the history of social life in Waterville assumes more definite form, but it is still a matter of tradition rather than of record — the stories of the past with which mothers interested their children, the family annals handed down from generation to generation. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 321 By that time society was beginning to crystallize and take shape and the line of class distinction seems to have been at the same time more and less sharply drawn than in the present day. A row of mills was then growing up along the banks of the Ken- nebec, and the mill men, lumbermen and men engaged in general business furnished one class, while the representatives of the learned professions and the college instructors, after the organi- zation of the college, were drawn together by similarity of tastes and interests. Dr. Moses Appleton and "Square" Timothy Boutelle, however, both prominent figures in the society of the time, united business interests with professional practice and the final division of classes was probably then, as now, governed in part at least by congeniality and circumstance. Mr. Boutelle may be characterized as an aristocrat with demo- cratic tendencies, and perhaps also as something of a politician, and when he entertained no one was left out. The less polished guests sat around the long table elbow to elbow with those of greater pretensions, and with legs noncha- lantly crossed to show themselves fully at ease in the social scene, emptied their glasses with the best. This was before the days of temperance societies and no hospitable gathering was complete without the serving of wines and liquors. Tea parties, card and dancing parties, and similar functions given at private houses, would seem to have been much more common in Waterville during the early part of the last century than at any time since then, and though these entertainments were in some ways distinguished by a dignity and formality exceeding that of modern times, they also displayed features which in our generation would be considered questionable. The oldfashioned tea parties were generally given during the winter months. The ladies were invited for the afternoon and were urged to come early and bring their work. The gentlemen were expected to take supper and spend the evening. When the ladies gathered about three o'clock each one was served with a small glass of hot spirits and water to drive out the cold, after which reviving draught they sat down to gossip and needlework in great cheerfulness of spirit. On the arrival of the gentlemen 21 322 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. at supper time a similar restorative was administered to them, and neither sex was allowed to brave the chill air of a winter night without a fortifying draught of hot chern- bounce as a preparation for the walk home. The lady who first described these tea parties to me, as she had often heard the story told by a venerable relative who partici- pated in them, assured me that the modest potations in which these bygone dames indulged were only sufficient to loosen their tongues and promote a gentle hilarity, but alas! the record kept by a member of the other sex maliciously asserts that sometimes our excellent and stately ancestresses overstepped the mark and were betrayed into great gaiety of spirits. Even if this is the case however, there is little reason to doubt that our ancestors on occasion so far outstripped their gentle companions that any comparison would be out of the question. These were days, too, when everybody drank more or less and clergy as well as laity looked upon alcohol as "one of the good creatures of God." At the card parties for sometime after the beginning of the last century cards were almost invariably played for small stakes, the sum put up being not less than sixpence. There lies before me as I write, furnished through the courtesy of a gentleman in whose family it was handed down, an invita- tion to a "Social Ball," given in "Mr. Kimball's hall" on Wednesday evening, February 26, 1819, the hour set for arriving at the ball being 5 P. M. The invitation, which is written on the back of a playing card, is signed by I\I. Appleton, T. Boutelle, J. Stackpole, Jr., J. Morrill and J. \\'iniams, all of whom were to officiate as managers. One of the noticeable features of this invitation lies in the fact that most of the signers had at that time already reached or passed the period of middle age, showing that the men of that day did not display undue haste in retiring from the active partic- ipation in social duties. With the foundation of Waterville College a new and important element was introduced into the social life of the town. In the early history of college festivities the annual commencement ball became, perhaps, the most notable society event of the year. It was eagerly looked forward to, giiests from out of town were invited to swell the dancing list, and the young women of the HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 323 period reserved their most modish costumes to enliance the bril- liancy of the occasion. It is hardly necessary to state that, at a period when ideas in regard to amusements were much stricter than at present, these functions were never held under the patronage or with the approval of the college authorities. The custom of the president's reception, following or pre- ceding the annual commencement exercises was instituted by Rev. Jeremiah Chaplin, the first president of the college. Dur- ing Dr. Chaplin's presidency and for some years after the guests at these receptions included very few of the town's people. The president and professors of the college with their families, the young men of the senior class with their relatives and friends from out of town who had come to witness the ceremonies of graduation, comprised the usual list of guests who were expected to gather at the president's house without formal invitation. A lady, who at the age of sixteen, clad in the conventional white muslin which tradition pronounced to be the fitting garb of the debutante, made hei first entrance into society at one of President Chaplin's commencement receptions, has described to me the simple yet dignified character of these gatherings. The more formal courtesy of that earlier day had a grace of its own, and, it is a question whether in relinquishing the form we have in all respects made a corresponding gain in substance. It was, I think, during the presidency of Dr. G. D. B. Pepper that the college receptions first began to include the town's people to any noticeable extent. Both Dr. and Mrs. Pepper were people of large hospitality, and besides their naturally generous instincts in this respect they recognized the fact that whatever served to strengthen the bond between the town and the college would tend towards the substantial interest of the latter. Under this new order of things the number of guests soon became too large for entertainment at a private house and the receptions were transferred to Memorial Hall and from thence, during the past few years, to the new chemical building, where more ample and convenient quarters are afforded. It is difficult to realize at the present day how wide a separa- tion formerly existed between college and town, a separation 324 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. marked not merely by the frequent and vigorous "scraps" between town and gown, but also recognized in the habits of daily life and the current phraseology of the time. The dwellers in Waterville were divided by an imaginary line into Silver- Streeters and Pious-Hillers, the division being perhaps not so much one of territory as of denomination, and representing the line of cleavage between the Baptist and Universalist congrega- tions. In pursuing my inquiries in regard to the Waterville of former days I have more than once encountered persons who have told me with an air which showed that some of the ancient feeling still lingers, "I know nothing about up-town parties. I never attend them." In studying the story of the social life of any bygone period, one finds that the real flavor and picturesqueness of the tale comes out in the comedies and tragedies of daily life, the personal details too numerous to be included in any brief narrative. The parties given by the Appletons, Boutelles, Redingtons, Plaisteds, Stackpoles, Nourses and the rest, gain immensely in interest when one knows something about the individual lives of the people who talked and danced and laughed and loved amidst the background these scenes afforded. The Gilmans were one of the conspicuous families of the town, and the vision of the second Mrs. Nathaniel Gilman walking up the aisle of the Baptist church on her "appearing-out Sunday," clad in shimmering corn- colored satin and leaning on her husband's arm, reproduces itself on the fading canvas of tradition Like a picture, when the pride Of its coloring hath died. It was an age of portrait painting, and the faces of many of these fair women and brave men still look down upon us from the walls of the old houses We hear the story of the famous red damask upholsteries which came from New York in a sail- ing vessel to furnish the Gilman drawing-room, the coming-out party given for Miss Anna K. Gilman at the age of fourteen and the belles and beaux who helped to make the occasion memorable. There were other coming-out parties too and similar gaieties, and we are told with some pride in the superior courtesy of former times that in those davs when a voung ladv was invited to GEN. FKAXKI^iX SMITH. HISTORY OF WATEUVILLE. 325 a ball or large party it always meant that a carriage would be provided for her. A lady who came to Waterville in her girlhood sixty years ago has spoken to me with just enthusiasm of a group of women conspicuous in the town during the early years of her residence. These women were many of them distinguished for their fine personal presence no less than for beauty and strength of char- acter. Among them may be named Mrs. Gardner, Mrs. William and Mrs. Horace Getchell, Mrs. Crooker, Mrs. Joseph Marston, Mrs. Dr. Plaisted. Mrs. R. B. Dunn, Mrs. Solyman Heath, the tradi- tion of whose beauty and sweetness still lingers, Mrs. Peace Meader, the lovely Quakeress whose name was emblematic of her character, and others too numerous to mention. Perhaps no woman ever made Waterville her home who possessed the charm of temperament to a greater degree than Mrs. Keely, wife of Professor George W. Keely. Vivacious, versatile, delightful in conversation, a fine literary critic, a natu- ral grande dame, her place in the society of the town was a unique one and the stimulus of her individuality was felt beyond her own immediate circle of acquaintance. It was she who gave the impulse which made the Waterville of her day a headquarters for painters in oil. Madam Keely 's memory lingers in the minds of those who knew her with the pungent fragrance of a pot- pourri of mingled roses and spices. About 1852 was formed the first Waterville Literary Society of which I find any record. It had a membership of twenty-five persons and was called the Shakesperean Club. This club held weekly meetings during the winter season at the houses of the various mmbers, and continued in existence uninterruptedly until the breaking out of the Civil War put an end to the ancient order of things. The membership was about equally made up of men and women, and included college professors and professional and business men of similar tastes and varying ages. The late Dr. Sanger of Bangor, whose youth was passed in Waterville, used to declare that this was the only town in the State where such a club could be maintained for so long a period. The object for which it was formed, the study of the standard dramatists, was regularly and systematically pursued. A stand- 326 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. ing committee for the assignment of parts was appointed, with the understanding that the parts when given out should be con- scientiously studied with a view to a rendering at once critical and dramatic. In this committee Mr. Edward Meader served continuously during the whole period of the club's existence, and Mr. Appleton Plaisted during a large part of the time. It is related of the Rev. Mr. Wood, at that time pastor of the Baptist church, a man of strict tenets and naturally lugubrious cast of countenance, that he not only excelled but delighted in the representation of comic parts and did not hesitate to join in a jovial song when his assumed character demanded it. Mrs. Ephraim Maxham, wife of the then editor of the Waterville Mail, was especially skilled in the rendering of tragedy. The history of the Shakesperean Club is one of which \\'ater- ville may well be proud. It had its social features, intimate friendships were formed there, courtships even grew out of it, but primarily and essentially it was an organization for work and its stability and singleness of purpose were the bonds of its preservation. With the breaking out of the war the former things passed away. The new conditions brought their own deep and absorb- ing interests. Waterville sent two full companies of volunteers to the front and among their officers were William and Francis Heath, both notable members of the Shakesperean Club. No time now for reading Shakespeare ; the men of the hour were writing their own tragedies in blood. The old Wars of the Roses were forgotten in the blossoming of this new red rose of courage which sprang gloriously to life amidst the crimson stain of battle. When at the close of the struggle the old interests revived, the club was reformed including many of the former members, yet it was not the same. The story of the intervening years had gone deep into the hearts of the community, from which many had gone out never to come back. William Heath had found a hero's grave. Yet life goes on in spite of sorrows, and the breath of peace crept over the land as softly as the green grass of springtime spread its garb of verdure over the deserted battlefields. Time brought HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 327 its healing, and when the Shakesperean Club merged into the Roundabout people had begun to smile and hope and enjoy again. The new club continued the study of the dramatists, forming itself upon the lines of the old, but it gradually became less purely intellectual in its character and more given to feasting and social enjoyments. It contmued in active existence for some five or six years and its memory is still gratefully cherished by those who shared its privileges and hospitalities. Previous to the war the secular entertainments connected with the church had, for the most part, been confined to the meetings of the Ladies' Sewing Circle, at whose mystic rites gentlemen were sometimes allowed to participate to the extent of supper and a social evening. It was after the close of the war that the churches began to assume their present position as centres of social as well as spiritual life. In the Waterville of to-day church societies, socials and functions of many kinds play an important part in bringing people together, promoting fellow- ship, and strengthening the ties between friend and friend. The Men's and Women's Christian Association, the W. C. T. U., the young people's societies of the different churches, the various branches of missionary work, have all helped to advance social intercourse no less than to accomplish the legitimate object of their being. The \\'oman's Temperance League, formed about 1898, was, while it lasted a strong factor in binding together those who were associated in trying to do very necessary work under very uncom- fortable conditions. While it was the direct object of the league to conduct an aggressive campaign against liquor selling the women who composed it believed that the most permanent result of any attempt at moral regeneration is that which comes through social influence and social contact and the receptions and other functions given under their auspices made their faith manifest in their works. The social life of the Waterville of to-day may perhaps be best classified under three or four general heads : That which centres around the church and the various organ- izations growing out of church work. That which has its origin in the secret orders, some of which have separate branches for women. 328 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. The social features resulting from the interests and activities of the various clubs. The purely society functions, balls, assemblies, wliist parties, afternoon teas, etc. The secret orders have a chapter of their own in this volume and need not be dwelt upon here, further than to say that their multiplicity and activity have made them prominent factors in modem social intercourse. No club numbering both sexes has ever arisen in Waterville to take the place of the old Shakesperean and Roundabout Clubs ; in fact, the club epidemic in any form has never been able to obtain a very extensive hold in our city. The Canibas Club, the only men's club which has maintained continuous form here during any extended term of years, was founded in 1888. This club, which has numbered among its members many of the well-known business and professional men of the place, has pleasant headquarters on Main street in a suite of rooms conveniently fitted up for its use. It is a purely social organization, but with the exception of one of two receptions given during the early years of its existence has never con- tributed largely to the general social life of the city. The Waterville Bicycle Club also occupies rooms on Main street and furnishes a rallying point where wheelmen cohgregate. The Colby Club, recently founded by the resident graduates of Colby College, held its first public meeting at the Elmwood hotel on the evening of February 14, 1902. This club, which is still in its infancy, was founded to promote good fellowship among the resident alumni and advance the interests of the college. In 1887 through the inspiration of Mrs. Sarah Ware, who was in the best sense one of the representative women of Waterville, the Woman's Association was formed, in which women of all denominations united for the furtherance of all kinds of women's work. Besides its general usefulness in many directions this association has proved a common ground where women may work — and enjoy — together, independent of society distinctions or church affiliations. In the winter of 1891-2 the Woman's Literary Club was founded as one of the branches of the asso- ciation. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 329 This club, a large one from the start, (hiring the past winter, 1901-2, numbered 214 members. It has maintained regular meetings fortnightly during the winter season since its organi- zation, offering at each meeting a carefully prepared literary and musical programme. A committee is appointed to lay out each season's work. Many interesting papers have been prepared and read by mem- bers of the club, the musical numbers have been uniformly excel- lent, and the large average membership and attendance testify to the success of its management. As the club has as yet no home of its own independent of the rooms of the Woman's Asso- ciation, its meetings have sometimes been held at private houses, sometimes at church vestries or at the Classical Institute. The annual reception given by its members to invited friends of both sexes, which has in the past proved a most enjoyable society event, this year gave place to a banquet at the Elmwood hotel for women alone. One hundred and sixty women who partici- pated in the banquet and listened to the subsequent exercises are prepared to testify that women on that occasion won laurels as after dinner speakers. Among smaller Waterville clubs, past and present, may be mentioned the Saturday Club, a club both literary and social in its character, which after several years of existence has for the present, at least, discontinued its meetings ; the Literature Class, which numbers about a dozen members, and has for the past three years held weekly meetings during the winter months ; the F. H. Club, organized in 1894 for work and play, a club which though limited in its membership is much given to hospitality and has at different times entertained many invited guests ; the Happy Seven, a society comprising seven young ladies strongly bound together by ties of friendship and association. This society, which has existed for some years, has been prominent in benevolent work as well as in social events. When, a short time since, the little circle was for the first time broken by the death of Mrs. Alice Barrelle Hall the sympathy of the whole community went out to the mourning friends. Of the numerous whist clubs which have existed in Waterville the Salmagundi has been the most prominent and most perma- 330 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. nent in its organization. It numbers among its members women well known in society and in addition to its social features has contributed generously towards the purchase of books for the public library. The Silence Howard Hayden Chapter of the Daughters of the Revolution has also played its part in the social life of Waterville. In spite of all the branches of social activity which have been enumerated as entering into the life of our city, it is undoubtedly true that Waterville has never fully lived up to its social capac- ities. Yet even while we criticise, we love the city of our resi- dence, the Waterville that is growing up around us. It is a city of wide streets and spreading trees, of comfortable homes wherein home-loving people live. We find strong social ties here, warm friendships, generous sympathy in times of need, and though we may and do in our complaining moods assert that Waterville "has no general society," we look back lovingly on many and many a "good time" within her borders. May the next century of her growth find her still going on from grace to glory ! CHAPTER XIV. WATER\ILLE AGRICULTURALLY CONSIDERED. By E. P. Mayo, Editor of Turf, Farm and Home. The present citv of Waterville agriculturally considered is one of the most charming, picturesque, interesting not to say profit- able of all the most favored and far famed "garden spots" in New England. The present area of the city as has doubtless been told already in this volume, was formerly a part of the town of Winslow, and the present thrifty town of Oakland was set off from Waterville proper and given the name of West Waterville February 26, 1873, hence if in this chapter on the agriculture of Waterville we over-reach the present bounds of the municipality, it will be in order to include the old town as it was originally bounded. We find in the early history of the town after it was set off from Winslow that the Kennebec river was the eastern boundary, Somerset county its northern, Richmond lake, McGrath and East pond its western boundry. The western area of the town has now been narrowed up to the present Oakland line. A wide diversity of soils is found in this town so that almost every crop that can be successfully cultivated in this latitude has been and is to-day grown successfully within our limits. On the river below the city the soil is light and sandy, while on the "neck" so called, it is underlaid by a slaty ledge which lies very near the surface and often crops out. On the Messalonskee the soil is clayey, but all is strong and productive, and yields the best of crops. Waterville was fortunate from an agricultural point of view in having among its early settlers a goodly number of men of means 332 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. who were agriculturally inclined. As a result of this good mate- rial there was a desire manifested very early in the life of the struggling young town to have an agricultural society organized, and this agitation resulted in the North Kennebec Agricultural Society, which was incorporated by the Maine legislature July 31, 1847, and its first exhibition was held in Water ville in Octo- ber of that year. The annual address, which in those days was a very important part of an agricultural exhibition was delivered by Dr. E. Holmes of Winthrop. The original limit to this society included the towns of Fairfield and Smithfield in Somer- set county, Waterville, Belgrade, Winslow, Clinton, Sebasticook now Benton, China and Albion in Kennebec and Unity and Burnham m the county of Waldo, trom the records of the society from its inception, now before me. kindly loaned by Mr. Geo. Balentine, I find that the officers chosen at the organization of the society were as follows, Sanmel Taylor, Jr., president ; Ebenezer H. Scribner and Thomas Fowler, vice-presidents ; Harrison A. Smith, secretary ; Joseph Percival, treasurer and collector ; Stephen Stark, agent ; William Dyer, librarian ; Sam- uel Taylor, Jr., Asher Hinds, Sumner Percival, John F. Hunne- well and Reuben H. Green, trustees. A glance through the subse- quent elections shows that the society kept up its prestige for selecting men of ability and influence as its officials. We would like if space would permit to give the entire list of officers, but must be content with simply naming a few of the number who held the office of president of the society. After Samuel Taylor, Jr., the first president, came Sumner Percival, E. H. Scribner, Robert Ayer, Thomas S. Loring, Isaac W. Britton, Col. Isaiah Marston, Daniel Jones, B. C. Paine, Joseph Percival, and many others of equal calibre. One of the first acts of the society, even before it had a home was to raise $75 for the purchase of standard agricultural works for a library. This indeed was starting an agricultural society on a firm enduring foundation, and the vote and the class of gentlemen who were invited to give the annual addresses gives us a good insight into the makeup of the men who formed this organization. In 1850 we find by the records that the society voted to send a petition to the legislature for a State Board of Agriculture, showing that at that early day even, they realized HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 333 the need of a state organization around which they could build their local society. One of the votes recorded a half a century ago also gives a hint of the old time urbanity that prevailed in those days, also the appreciation of the power of the press in the efforts of this organization. Here is the vote : "Voted to instruct the secretary to furnish the proceedings of this meeting to the public press." One of the strange things about the records of this society, wonderfully well preserved as they are, is that great pains was taken to record the list of premiums offered with the committees of awards, but no record was kept of who won the prizes. This omission will readily be seen as a serious defect as the historian of to-day is unable to pick out the names of the successful exhib- itors, as he might have done had the list of the winners been recorded. But one vote recorded is worthy of more than a pass- ing notice, and that is where the trustees vote that unless an animal exhibited possesses superior merit no awards shall be made to such animal, but if the owner desires, a statement shall be made and published that such an animal was the best one shown at the exhibition. Let the average agricultural fair man- ager think for a moment what the commotion would be if such a rule should be enforced by one of our Maine societies to-day, and yet who shall say that it would not have a salutary effect on exhibits as well as exhibitors. If space would permit, we could fill the entire limits of this book with interesting data taken from the records of this society. One item that catches our eye is a vote of thanks passed at a meet- ing of the trustees October 4, 1859, to Col. Thomas S. Lang for his liberality in always giving to the society all purses won by his horses, and as the record adds, "He ever strove to win all the prizes that he could in order that the society might be the more benefited thereby." In January, 1854, it was voted to appoint a committee to ascer- tain what grounds could be secured for a track, and upon a favorable report the grounds located in the southern part of the city were purchased and a fine half mile track constructed thereon. Later this track was leased to the Waterville Horse Association for their annual exhibition. The original lease of this property is pasted in the records before us, and is well 334 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. worthy a word of attention. We think only one of the men whose names are upon it is alive to-day. It bears the signatures of Ira R. Doolittle, J. A. Judkins, Gideon Wells, T. S. Lang, J. L. Seavey, Foster S. Palmer, Asher Savage and Ruel Howard, and is dated August 22, 1863. We think Mr. Savage is the only survivor of this list of notable men of their day. This horse association was short lived and only lasted a few years, just how many it is difficult to ascertain as we have been unable to find any records of the society whatsoever. The North Kennebec Agricultural Society survived the drain upon it made during the ^\'a^ of the Rebellion and gave success- ful exhibitions each year until the early '8o's, when owing to the multiplication of societies in the nearby towns included in its original territory, the interest began to decline, until finally the annual fairs were given up and the track leased to private parties and the property was finally sold for the enlargement of our present beautiful cemetery. Hon. Timothy Boutelle, and Mr. Joseph Percival should prob- ably be mentioned first among those who had to do with the beginning of stock husbandry in Waterville. Col. Reuben H. Green of Winslow, who was in his day one of the best known breeders in the State commenced breeding Durham stock, and to him undoubtedly the early farmers of the town are indebted for the introduction of the best Durham blood brought to Maine. Mr. Percival and his brother were the first to introduce Devons into Kennebec county. The Jerseys, now so popular among us were first introduced by Dr. N. R. Boutelle, Levi Dow, W. A. P. Dillingham, Henry Taylor and Samuel Kimball. Hon. Timothy Boutelle and John D. Lang of Vassalboro introduced the first Ayrshire stock. From these beginnings many of our farmers of moderate means were able to obtain valuable specimens of their several breeds, and the success of agricultural operations in this vicinity are largely due to them. In addition to bringing their Durhams to Waterville Col. Green was one of the first to bring the Bakewell breed into this State. The full blooded Merinoes that have been the means of making so many good dollars for breeders in Waterville and elsewhere were first introduced by Dr. N. R. Boutelle, E. Maxham and other enterprising farmers in the nearby towns. Joseph Percival of this town and Warren HISTORY OF WATERVn.LE. 335 Percival of \'assaIboro, were the first to breed Cotswold sheep with any degree of success. We have present with us in this community to-day in the person of Mr. Geo. E. Shores, now in his 91st year, one of the men who has ever been in the front rank of agricultural effort in this section. Mr. Shores was born on his father's farm in the western part of this town, the father having moved here from Berwick just a hundred years ago. The mother of the subject of this sketch rode on horseback from the river to their farm, following the spotted line. Mr. George Shores was born in 1812, and came of good hardy stock. His mother lived to the age of seventy-five years, and his father died at the age of eighty-two. In 1867 Mr. Shores left his farm, which he had developed into one of the best in town and came out to the village as it was then called to live. He purchased a large tract of land running from College avenue to Main street covering what has long been known as Oak hill. This farm of 160 acres has been cut up into building lots and but little of the original purchase is left. Mr. Shores has always lived a very active life and has seen the town grow from a straggling village with a few poorly cultivated farms scattered here and there to a thriving city with all the modern improvements surrounded with the best and the most highly cultivated farms. He is to-day the connecting link between the old Waterville and the new. He was years ago associated with the late Hall C. Burleigh, then of Fairfield in the cattle business. They went to Compton, Canada, and purchased a number of valuable Hereford cattle for breed- ing. They were the first of the breed in this section and natur- ally attracted no little attention. This stock then purchased has been the foundation stock for a majority of the Herefords since bred in this section. Mr. Shores was a large exhibitor at all the fairs and at one time sold a pair of white faced yearlings for the astonishing sum of $300. He also purchased the stallion Somerset Knox and after keeping him a short time, sold him to New York parties for the fabulous price in those days of $2,700. Mr. Shores is enjoying unusually good health and his family hope to have him with them for a number of years yet to come. He enjoyed the centennial celebration with keen zest and rode the entire route of the procession without any signs of fatigue. 336 HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. Waterville has for more than a century been prominent as a centre for the breeding and ownership of vahiable horses and it seems ver>- appropriate that she should have within her Hmits to day among the many valuable horses bom and bred on her soil one whose name is known not only through the length and breadth of this country but even across the sea, and it seems most appropriate and fitting that the portrait of such an animal should adorn this book. It will easily be guessed that the horse referred to is the veteran Nelson 2.09 now in his 20th year. Nelson, 2.09, is registered No. 4,209. He was sired by Young Rolfe, 2.2i34> he by Tom Rolfe, 2.33J/. The dam of Nelson was Gretchen, by Gideon 145. He was bred and is now owned by Mr. C. H. Nelson of this city, who has trained and developed him, and driven him in all his great races. He was a great colt and attracted much attention even as a two-year-old, when he won the two-year-old stake race for Maine colts at the Maine State Fair, Lewiston. As a three-year-old he won the Maine State Fair cup for fastest three-year-old, also the cup for fastest stallion of any age, taking a record of 2.26% — the fastest half mile track record to that date and for several years afterward. As a five-year-old he won the New England stake for five-year- olds. When seven years old he lowered his record to 2.145^. In 1890 he was worked at Franklin Park, Massachusetts, and shipped to Bangor in August, where he started to lower the half mile track record, which he did, trotting in 2.I5J4- From Ban- gor he started on a long journey to Fort Wayne, Indiana, and from there to Kankakee, 111., where he trotted a full mile in 2.12, which at that time was the world's stallion record. Two days later he lowered the record to 2.113^, and two days later than that at Rushville, Tnd., he circled the oval track at that place in 2.11^4- One week later at Terre Haute, Ind., he cut the record down to 2.IIJ4, and twelve days later at Cambridge City, Ind., he again lowered it to 2.ioj4, after which he was shipped to Maine, when with one week's rest he was shipped back to Chicago, where he was the idol of the great horse show, after which he returned to his home at Sunnyside Farm for the winter. In 1 89 1 he again went west, where he was greeted on every side with the utmost enthusiasm, wherever he appeared. The floral tributes bestowed upon him were most profuse and elegant, and HISTORY OF WATERVtLLE. 337 such as a prima donna might well be proud of. He commenced his tour, which was nothing short of a triumphal procession at Saginaw, Mich., and continued at Detroit, Grand Rapids, Free- port, Elgin, Rockport, Independence, Iowa, Richmond and Cam- bridge City, Ind. At Grand Rapids he lowered the record to 2.10, and again returned to Maine to spend the winter. In 1892 he was driven many exhibition miles on New England tracks, and at Trenton, N. J., lowered the half mile track record to 2.11^. In 1893 he made his present record of 2.09 at Rigby park, Portland, since which time he has trotted exhibition miles before large concourses of people on different tracks in Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and at St. John, N. B. To-day he holds the world's stallion record to high wheels over oval track and has probably trotted more fast miles than any horse in the world. Nearly a century ago another Waterville horse made fame and fortune for Waterville in the historic old town of Charleston, Mass. The late Hall C. Burleigh used to delight to tell the story of O. B. Palmer, a relative of his, who seeing a purse of $1,000 posted for any horse that could trot a mile in three minutes started for Boston with the chestnut gelding that they called Zuarrow. He made the mile in 2.57 an unprecedented record for that day, and received his purse besides several wagers that he had made on the result, having full faith in the capacity of his horse to accomplish the feat. He afterwards sold the animal and the name was changed to Boston Blue, and as such the Waterville horse won great renown. The grounds of the North Kennebec Agricultural Society in the zenith of their days were the scene of many a spirited contest between horses of note. Although Col. Lang did not reside within our town, he was located so near that Waterville got the benefit of his ownership of the great Gen. Knox as well as Gideon and others of his most celebrated steeds. It was at this track in October, 1867, that Gilbreth Knox, then owned by J. H. Gilbreth of Fairfield, trotted a half mile in the remarkable time of one minute and fifteen seconds, but probably the most remarkable race ever trotted over the Waterville track was the contest between Gen. Knox and Hiram Drew, a horse no less celebrated in his day. This event 338 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. occurred October 22, 1863, and although it came when the excite- ment over the war was at its height a very large concourse of people from all parts of the State gathered to witness the contest, which is recalled even to this day by the oldest lovers of racing as one of the great events of their lives. Both horses had a great many friends everyone present being a partizan and the contest waged hotly until the last deciding heat had been trotted when Knox was declared victor. In the above we have written wholly of the past, but there is a present and a future for Waterville agriculture, and perhaps there has been no time in the last century when so much thought and intelligent calculation was given to agricultural operations as at the present time. We have not space to go into details as to who is doing the work of to-day, but should not be doing our subject justice did we not mention the fact that at Sunnyside Farm, the home of the great Nelson, there is to-day one of the largest breeding establishments to be found in northern New England, and one cannot travel far enough east or west, north or south to get beyond the reputation that the good horses at this farm are making not only for our town, but for our State as well. Pass- ing a little way farther up the street toward Oakland, we come to the farm of Mr. R. H. Union, who is largely engaged in breed- ing Jersey cattle and Ohio Improved Chester swine. Mr. Union has a very large patronage for his products in the city, and is doing a very prosperous business. At Mountain Farm Mr. G. F. Terry is breeding Jerseys and Chester White swine, also cultivating a very large growing orchard, with the best of results. We might mention a long list of others who are doing good work and keeping up the reputation of our town as one of much importance agriculturally considered. The records of the town show that in 1850 Waterville included what was afterwards set off as West Waterville, had a popula- tion of 3,964, in i860 it had increased to 4,392, with 870 polls, while the real estate was valued at $1,348,330. To-day Water- ville has a population of 10,332, and the assessors report the val- uation of 1902 as follows: Polls, 2,618; real estate, $4,274,325; personal property, $934,838, or a total of $5,219,163. CHAPTER XV. THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES OF WATERVILLE. By Reuben Wesley Dunn, A. M.. President of the Somerset Railroad, and Treasurer of the Dunn Edge Tool Company. Waterville seemed destined by her situation to become a manu- facturing center. On the east flows the Kennebec, the outlet of the largest lake in Maine, as well as of numerous smaller bodies of water. A fall of nearly forty feet between the principal power at Fairfield and the bay, as it is called, has been estimated as capable of developing 8,000 h. p. In the west part of the town is found the Messalonskee, the outlet of the lake of the same tiame into which are discharged the waters of East, North, AIcGrath, Ellis, Great, and Long ponds or lakes lying partly in Smithfield, Belgrade, and Oakland. This stream flows northerly about four miles with a fall in that distance of about 150 feet of which about too feet are in the village of Oakland and within less than a mile from the outlet. Turning to the east and then to the south it empties into the Kennebec about two miles below Ticonic Falls. As it passes through Waterville it makes a further fall of about 100 feet. The flow of water in this stream is far more constant than in the Kennebec. It has been esti- mated that by controlling the dams at the foot of the several lakes and carefully storing the water when abundant and letting it down in the dry season, the power on the Messalonskee would be about 25 h. p. for each foot of fall. Note. The -writer of this chapter is indebted to the History of Kennebec County published in ISWby H. W. Blake & Co. oJ Sew York, for much valuable informa- tion. 340 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. There were no railroads one hundred years ago, and naviga- tion on the Kennebec, open but about two-thirds of the year, was limited to boats of small capacity. Hence but little attention was paid to manufactures till after the problem of transportation had been solved. Local demand for bread stuffs and lumber called for the erection of grist mills and saw mills which naturally were the first manufactories in \^'aterville. The power on the Messa- lonskee was the first to be utilized. About twenty-five years before Waterville's separation from Winslow, Dr. McKechnie constructed a dam and built and operated a mill for grinding grain and sawing lumber at what is now known as Crommett's Mills. The site is now occupied by the pumping station of the Maine Water Company. A few years later, but also some years before the close of the i8th century, Asa Emerson, whose name has ever since been associated with the stream, built a dam and a sav^f mill on the site below the foot of Silver street recently occupied by the Webber & Philbrick Foundry and Machine Shop. About the same time, or perhaps a little later, Silas and Abijah Wing built a dam on the last privilege on the Messa- lonskee or Emerson stream, some distance below the present plant of the Union Gas and Electric Company. Here they erected and for some years operated a saw mill and a grist mill. In about 1810 Samuel and Joseph Hitchings purchased this property and later Samuel Hitchings added another building for the manu- facture of wool carding machines, and for turning bed posts. Not long after, on this same dam, Deacon Daniel Wells built a carding and clothing mill for which Samuel Hitchings made the machinery. All the buildings and machinery on this dam, except the carding mill, were swept away by the great freshet of 1832. A grist mill at West Waterville was carried away at the same time. This is the only time that high water has ever done any considerable damage on this stream. While these developments were in progress near the mouth of the stream, Jonathan Coombs had built a dam at the outlet, and sometime before 1800 was sawing logs and grinding grain for the settlers in the west part of the town.* The Coombs mill has • In writing of the manufftcturlng establlsliments In Waterville, we have In eluded the Industrial enterprises o( West Waterville, now Oakland, since that town was a part of Waterville until 1873. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 34t been worn out and replaced, destroyed and re-built, and changed owners several times, but the grist mill still exists and continues to do business at the same old stand. The saw mill, as well as the carding and fulling mill on the same dam, also built by Mr. Coombs, gave place some fifty years later to the Ellis Saw Com- pany, and fifteen years after to the Hubbard & Blake Scythe and Axe Factory. Very early in the 19th century, Leonard Cornforth settled in West Waterville, now Oakland, and built a dam, a stone grist mill, a saw mill, and a carding and clothing mill on the site now occupied by the scythe finishing shop and axe shop of the Dunn Edge Tool Company. Bed posts and wagon hubs were turned by Clark Stanley in the basement of this saw mill in 1834. A bark mill and a tannery owned by Nahum Warren was operated on this dam in the early part of the century. In this bark mill Holbrook and Richardson placed axe machinery and were the first to make axes on the Messalonskee. Just before the middle of the century, Passmore, Young & Taft purchased the bark mill, axe factory and fulling mill, and in 1849 began the making of scythes. This property passed through several hands and numerous changes, till with the saw mill and grist mill it was purchased by Reuben B. Dunn and in due time became the prop- erty of the Dunn Edge Tool Company. About 1830, or a little earlier, James Crommett built a saw mill, grist mill, carding and clothing mill on the east side of the stream at Crommett's Mills. These mills were operated with various changes, by the Crommetts, B. P. Manley, James S. Craig, Greenlief L. Hill, Mr. Allen, Fred Bailey, Jeremiah Fur- bish, W. S. B. Runnels, Bangs Bros., Mr. Dane, Hayden & Robinson, A. G. Bowie, Fuller & Haynes, and others. From 1872 to 1878 Mr. Furbish did a large business here in manufact- uring doors, sash and blinds. On the same side of the stream and a short distance below, Winslow Marston made friction matches from 1858 to about 1890. Those who were connected with the fire department during those years will remember how frequently they were called upon to extinguish the fires caused by Winslow's matches. About the same time that James Crommett was building the mills which gave his name to that locality, James Stackpole, 342 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Erastus O. and Sumner Wheeler were building and operating a saw mill on the west end of the same dam on or near the site of the first, or Dr. McKechnie mills. More than forty years later (1873) Henry R. Butterfield purchased this privilege and half of the next dam below. Here for some years he made shovel handles. He also erected, in 1875, a building which was occu- pied for a few years by W. H. Dow & Company in the manu- facture of furniture. In 1880 the Fiber Ware Company pur- chased this shop and made fiber ware tubs, pails, wash basins, etc., till their works were burned in 1884. Probably few of the present citizens of Waterville are aware that a cotton mill was built in this town forty years before the Lockwood Company was heard of. It was about 1830 that Windsor & Barrett erected a factory for the manufacture of cotton goods on the privilege next below the James Crommett mills and on the same side of the stream. But it was opened and operated as a carpet factory. A Mr. Gilroy was the manager, and in this mill were made genuine \ViItshire goods of such excellent quality that it is said that his customers did not live long enough to wear them out. Fine all linen table cloths were also woven in this factory, which are well remembered by some who are still living in Waterville and vicinity. Mr. Gilroy was followed by Israel Johnson who converted the factory into a shop for the manufacture of woolen mill machin- ery. In 1836 Wm. Pearson and Sons bought the property, added more buildings and established a large tannery. Some years later they sold out to the Plaisteds of Gardiner who con- ducted the business on a large scale. From 1854 till 1865 the tanner)' was shut down, when H. S. Ricker and Son i)urchased and refitted it. It has been run with more or less regularity by Mr. Ricker until recently. This privilege, in connection with that formerly occupied by Winslow Marston's match factory, has been purchased by Frank Chase who is building a dam and a woolen mill. THK WATERVILLE IRON WORKS. In 1833 Joseph P. Fairbanks, of the family who built the famous Fairbanks scales, came here from St. Johnsbury, Vt., and with Arba Nelson built a dam and foundry on the former site of the Asa Emerson saw mill below the foot of Silver street. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 343 Fairbanks, Nelson and Company (the "Co." were two others of the Fairbanks family) operated here for a few years when they were succeeded by the Waterville Iron Manufacturing Company. John Webber and Fred P. Haviland were stockholders and directors in this company, and in 1843 purchased the whole prop- erty. The business was largely increased and conducted by them and their sons after them for many years. From 1873 to 1882 the proprietors were Frank B. Webber, Chas. T. Haviland, and Frank B. Philbrick. Mr. Haviland then retired, and Messrs. Webber and Philbrick have since been the sole owners of the business. They were burned out in August, 1895. The follow- ing year they removed to their present location on the bank of the Kennebec river about one-eighth of a mile north of Temple street. Here they erected new shops, much larger and more con- venient than those which had been destroyed, and fitted with all the modem machinery and appliances adapted to the business. They now employ about thirty men and their annual pay-roll amounts to about seventeen thousand dollars. They derive the power for running their machinery from a twenty horse power electric motor, and the electricity is supplied by the Waterville and Fairfield Light and Power Company. Under the name of the Waterville Iron Works they carry on a general foundry and machinery business, but much of their work is in making pulp mill machinery. The next enterprise to be established on the Messalonskee, was a tannery built by Alfred Winslow in 1836 on the Coombs dam at West Waterville. The product of this tannery for several years was manufactured into boots by Mr. Winslow and Wm. Jordan, who gave employment to twenty-five men. This prop- erty after passing through several hands was purchased in 1887 by the Dustin and Hubbard Manufacturing Company. This company was succeeded in 1892 by the Oakland Machine Com- pany. Ten years later the Oakland Woolen Company was organized and at the present time is erecting a woolen mill on this site, which the machine company has vacated for that purpose. In 1849 Joseph Bachelder who had been making chairs for several years in a wooden building just north of the present site of the Flood block on Maine street in Waterville, removed to 344 HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. West Waterville. He located his factory on the west end of the Coombs dam where the manufacture of chairs and settees has been conducted by him and his sons to the present time. In 1850, or soon after, another dam was built on this stream. This was on the privilege just below the Emerson bridge and only a few rods above the Webber and Haviland foundry. Erastus O. Wheeler was the proprietor, and on this dam Samuel Appleton, Zebulon Sanger, and John Ransted built a paper mill and made newspaper stock. They were succeeded by the War- rens and the Monroes of Boston, who made paper from cedar bark. The mill finally burned and the wooden shank factory of Roberts and Marston occupied the site from 1873 to 1879 when the business was removed to North Anson where white birch wood was more abundant. This privilege with the others below it was afterwards purchased by the Union Gas and Electric Com- pany who in 1899 erected a dam nearly forty feet in height and built a plant for the development of electricity. This is now operated in connection with the system of the Waterville and Fairfield Railway and Light Company furnishing light and power to their patrons in Waterville and Winslow. It was also in 1850 that a dam was built one-quarter of a mile below the Coombs dam in West Waterville, by Daniel B. Lord. Lord and Graves manufactured axes and hoes on this dam* for several years. After passing through several hands the shops and east end of the dam were bought in 1865 by John U. Hub- bard and Wm. P. Blake. Here the Hubbard and Blake Manu- facturing Company made scythes and axes till they sold out to the American Axe and Tool Company in 1889. The latter com- pany continued to make scythes here until 1901. This privilege, also the easterly end of the Coombs dam. has recently become the property of the Waterville and Fairfield Railway and Light Company. Among the most important industrial establishments on the Messalonskee. have been the \\'est Waterville scythe and axe factories. The first scythe factory was built in 1836 by Learned and Hale on the present site of the Cascade Woolen Alill. This firm was succeeded by S. and E. Hale, by Hale and Stevens, and by Dunn and Jordan. In 1854 Burgess and Atwood built a scythe shop at the head of the Cascade fall, which was afterwards HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 345 owned and operated by Mathews and Hubbard. In 1857 Reuben B. Dunn organized the Dunn Edge Tool Company which pur- chased these two plants. A few years later the old shops were removed and new ones erected on the first two dams north of the road leading from Oakland to Waterville. The present scythe plant of the Dunn Edge Tool Company is said to be the best and most conveniently arranged in America. The annual capacity is fifteen thousand dozen. Their axe shop is not excelled in convenience or efficiency by any of its size. The annual capacity is six thousand dozen. The annual pay-roll of this company is something over thirty thousand dollars. Their goods are sold in all parts of the United States and Canada. The present offi- cers of the company are Willard M. Dunn, president; Reuben W. Dunn, treasurer and manager ; Wm. M. Ayer, superintendent. The Emerson and Stevens Manufacturing Company com- menced business manufacturing scythes and axes a little over thirty years ago. Their works are on the west end of the dam opposite the Hubbard & Blake shops. They have a capacity of about three thousand dozen scythes and two thousand dozen axes, annuallv, and are still in operation. Next above the Emerson and Stevens Company's works, and taking power from the same dam, is the foundry and machine shop of Geo. F. Allen. The business was first established in 1862 by Albion P. Benja- min, with whom Mr. Allen was for many years associated under the name of Benjamin & Allen. The manufacture of threshing machines at one time formed an important part of their work. In 1883 the Cascade Woolen Mill was incorporated with a cap- ital stock of $125,000. A ten set woolen mill was built on the Dunn Edge Tool Company's lower dam, and has been in success- ful operation ever since. Thomas P. Curtis of Boston, is treas- urer and manager, and Geo. H. Winnegar is superintendent. One hundred and ten hands are employed and the annual product amounts to about $250,000. The development of the power on the Kennebec dates from 1792 when Nehemiah Getchell and Asa Redington moved here from Vassalboro. They built a dam at Ticonic Falls from the west shore to Rock Island and erected the first saw mill. A little later additional mills were built by Mr. Redington and James Stackpole, and by Nehemiah and William Getchell sons of 346 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Nehemiah Getchell named above. Two of William's sons, Wil- liam and Walter, were associated many years in the firm of W. & W. Getchell. They operated the Getchell saw mill, built by their father and uncle, from 1830 to 1849 when it was destroyed by fire. They at once re-built and ten years later were bumed out again. The fires of 184Q and 1859 are noted as the most disastrous which ever visited Waterville. In each case nearly the entire manufacturing property on the river at this point was destroyed, together with dwelling and other property. But the Getchells again rebuilt and continued the manufacture of lumber till 1867 when they sold out to the Ticonic Water Power and Manufacturing Company who in turn sold to General Franklin Smith. Mr. Smith removed the old mill and erected a larger and more modern one in its place, together with a house framing establishment. This was operated by the firm of Smith & IMeader till 1880 when it was removed to make room for the second Lockwood mill. Other saw mill owners and manufacturers of lumber on Ticonic Falls during the first half of the 19th century were John, Samuel and William Kendall, Isaac Farrar, Zebulou Sanger and his sons William, Samuel and Silas, Asa Redington son of the Asa Redington named above, Dunlap, Hobson, John P. Sheldon, Samuel Doolittle, David Page, Josiah ]\Iorrill, Colonel Scribner, Colonel Symouds. William and Daniel Moor, French Brothers, and Jacob and William Wing. The latter made sash and blinds in a brick mill which occupied a part of the site of the Lockwood Company's mill No. i. They were succeeded by Furbish & Drummond, afterward Dnmimond &' Richardson. In 1816 Wm. Pearson came here from Exeter, N. H., and built a tannery on the Kennebec near the site now occupied by the boiler house of the Lockwood Alills. He continued the business here for twenty years, tanning sole leather. In 1836 he removed to a location on the Messalonskee at Crommett's Mills, noted on a previous page. Very early in the century Moses Dalton built a grist mill and carding mill near the site now occupied by A. F. Merrill's mill. Some thirty years later Samuel Redington renewed the Dalton mill or built another on the same site. This was later operated successively by Pelatiah and William Penney, Gideon Wing, HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 347 Horace Tozier and Col. I. S. Bangs. The latter was burned out in 1883, but re-built and sold to A. F. Merrill. \V. S. B. Run- nells succeeded Air. Merrill and was himself succeeded by Mr. Merrill and Llewellyn Morrill. The latter has since retired and Mr. Merrill continues alone in the business. About sixty years ago William and Daniel Moor erected on the dam at Ticonic Falls a large mill four stories in height. Here they manufactured lumber, made shovels and ground plas- ter and feed. In the great fire of 1849 this building was destroyed. Another similar building was erected by the Messrs. Moor, on the same site, only to be burned in the second conflag- ration of 1859. THE I-OCKWOOD CO.MPANY. For more than fifty years little attention was paid to manu- facturing outside of lumber. Logs were plenty and cheap and lumber found a ready market. But after a time conditions changed and it became evident that Waterville must make use of her magnificent water power in some other lines. In 1865 a plan was formed for organizing a company to buy up and control all the power on the river at Waterville and Winslow. If this could be done it was hoped that some larger manufacturing plants might be induced to locate here. In other cities in the State large cotton mills were in operation, and why should not Waterville become a spindle city ? The shore and water rights on both sides of the river were owned by different individuals, widely scattered. To reach those living in or near Waterville and Winslow was not very difficult. But to find all of the owners and secure a clear title to the prop- erty at a fair price, involved much labor and was attended with many difficulties. This work was undertaken by George Alfred Phillips, who had long been a prominent citizen of Waterville. To his tireless energy and perseverance in the face of many dis- couragements the credit is due for uniting under one control all the water rights and sufficient land adjacent to the river on both sides to render large developments possible. On February 7, 1866, a corporation was chartered by act of the Maine Legislature, known as the Ticonic Water Power and Manufacturing Company. On February 24th, of the same year, the incorporators met at the office of Solyman Heath and organ- 348 HISTORY Of WATERVILLE. ized by choice of Solyman Heath, George A. PhilHps, James P. Blunt, James Drummond, and John P. Richardson as directors ; Everett R. Drummond, clerk, and Geo. A. Phillips, treasurer. When the books were opened for subscription to the capital stock, some subscribed generously with evident faith that the investment would prove profitable ; others took a few shares each, to help along the enterprise. In iS68 and '6q a dam was built entirely across the river, with bulk heads, head gates and race- ways, and some attempts made to utilize the same. Power was rented to Dennis L. Milliken for a grist mill, and to Smith & Meader for their large saw mill and framing mill. The attention of those interested in cotton manufacture was called to this power and efiforts were made to secure the erection of factories here. Nothing was accomplished until 1873 when Reuben B. Dunn was induced to purchase the stock in the water power company, pay ofif its debts and further develop the prop- erty. Mr. Dunn had been prominently connected with manu- facturing industries in different parts of the State, principally in making scythes and axes at North Wayne and West Waterville, and in cotton manufacturing at Auburn, Maine. He had been identified with the Maine Central Railroad for many years as a director and president, but had recently disposed of his interests there and retired from the management. He was now more than seventy years of age, which is regarded by most men as the time to withdraw from the active conflicts of commercial life. But his energetic spirit would not allow him to rest. He entered upon this new project with the same courage and enthusiasm that he had displayed in his many previous business enterprises. In the summer of 1873 plans for a cotton mill of 33,000 spindles were produced, made under the personal supervision of Amos D. Lockwood. Mr. Dunn and his two sons, Williard M. and Reuben W. then proceeded to make contracts and get ready to build the mill. The ground was cleared, excavations made and a portion of the foundation wall put in that season. The following winter was devoted largely by the Messrs. Dunn to interesting Mr. Lockwood and other manufacturers in the enter- prise financially. When the legislature again assembled, a com- pany was chartered under the name of the Lockwood Cotton Mills. This name was later changed to Lockwood Company. HISTORY 01' WATERVILLE. 349 On February 21, 1874, tlie first meeting was held and the corpo- ration duly organized by choice of Reuben B. Dunn, Amos D. Lockwood, John W. Danielson, Geo. A. PhiUips, Willard M. Dunn, Reuben W. Dunn, and Josiah H. Drummond as directors ; Willard M. Dunn, clerk, and Amos D. Lockwood, treasurer. It was decided to raise $600,000 by sale of capital stock. Mr. Dunn subscribed for a large amount, as also did Mr. Lockwood and some of his friends. Rut it became necessary to secure subscriptions for about $400,000 from other sources. It was a time of business depression and capital was cautious, but the Dunns took hold of it with determination and it was finally accomplished. It was not until the spring of 1875 that the financial difficulties were overcome and the completion of the enterprise fully assured. On April 9th of that year, all the real estate and water rights of the Ticonic ^^'ater Power and Manufacturing Company, which had been conveyed the previous year to the Ticonic Company, were deeded by the latter company to the Lockwood Company. The consideration was $125,000 and payment was made in the stock of the Lockwood Company. The building contracts were assumed by the new organization and mill No. i made ready to receive the machiner}-. This was put in and set up during the last half of 1875. In February, 1876, the first cloth was woven. Thus VVaterville celebrated the Nation's centennial by the start- ing up of her first cotton mill. But the Lockwood Company did not stop here. As soon as it had been demonstrated that Lockwood cottons were destined to occupy a prominent place in the dry goods market the directors began to discuss the project of enlarging the plant. It was soon decided to erect mill No. 2, of 55,000 spindles. Plans for this large addition were also made by Mr. Lockwood and accepted by the directors. In the summer of 1880 the ground was cleared and excavations for foundations were begun. The following year the building was erected, machinery installed, and early in 1882 the new mill was in operation. In the meantime the capital stock had been increased to $1,800,000. The new stock was disposed of without difficulty, much of it being taken by citizens of Waterville and other towns in Maine. From the first it has proved a good investment. 350 HISTORY OK WATEKVil.LE. Semi-annual dividends of three per cent had been paid for four years, on the first issue, and with the exception of two brief periods of general business depression the entire capital, since 1882, has yielded the same net percentage of profit each six months. Immediately following the death of Mr. Lockwood in 1882, John W. Danielson was chosen treasurer. Mr. Dunn, the presi- dent of the company, died in 1887 and was succeeded by James H. McMullan. These officers still continue. The directors are James H. McMnllan, Portland : John W. Danielson, Providence, R. I. ; Seth M. Milliken, New York ; Josiah B. Mayo, Foxcroft ; Willard M. Dunn, Waterville; Frank A. Wilson, Bangor, and J. DeForest Danielson, Providence, R. I. The latter is also assistant treasurer. Alpha M. Kennison is clerk ; Stephen I. Abbott, manufacturing agent, and Wm. H. K. Abbott, super- intendent. Deering, Milliken and Comjiany, New York, are selling agents. The number of employees is about 1,300 and the amount paid in wages, annually, is about S4 15.000. About 6,250,000 pounds of cotton are annually consumed in making nearly 20,000,000 yards of cloth, varying in width from 36 to 108 inches. The total number of looms is 2,100. HATHAWAY SHIRT FACTORY. Among the most important of our minor industries is the Hathaway Shirt Factory. C. A. Leighton, proprietor. This was established in 1849 ^V Chas. F. Hathaway and was famil- iarly known as The Laundry. During the first twenty-five years the work was confined to the manufacture of gentlemen's fine shirts. The Hathaway shirts are widely known for their supe- rior quality. In 1874 the manufacture of ladies fine muslin underwear was added. In 1879 Clarence A. Leighton became associated with Mr. Hathaway and since the death of the latter in 1895, has been sole proprietor. One hundred and fifty to 175 hands are employed and the annual pay-roll is about $60,000. One hundred sewing machines are kept in constant use. These are run by steam and electrical power, about 25 h. p. being required. The buildings, heated by steam and lighted by gas HON. REUBKN B. D1'NN. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 351 and electricity, together witli the equipment are up to date in every particular. Mr. Frank W. Smith has been for many years the efficient superintendent. , THE NOYES STOVE COMPANY. The Noyes Stove Company's foundry, on Chaplin street, is another of our substantial industries. This occupies the site of the foundry established in 1867 by Asher P. Fletcher. After a few months Mr. Fletcher formed a co-partnership with Joseph Percival. They carried on the business till April, 1868, when Mr. Fletcher withdrew. Mr. Percival also retired soon after. His nephew, Mr. Geo. G. Percival, occupied the building two or three years as a chemical laboratory, and there made and put up extracts for the market. In 1872 the foundry was used by a company who made a patent kettle and other hollow ware. The enterprise was soon abandoned, and in 1873 John Goodell and Company came here from Bangor, purchased the plant and con- verted it into a cook stove foundry. In 1886 Noyes & Goddard purchased the entire interest of Goodell and Company. They conducted the business until April 15, 1902, when E. D. Noyes became the sole proprietor. In October, 1892, the works were destroyed by fire, but were at once rebuilt and in the January following were again in operation. A 10 h. p. gasoline engine furnishes the required power. Fifteen men are employed in the shops, and eight salesmen on the road. Twelve hundred cook stoves are made and sold every year. They are distributed by the salesmen all over northern New England. The amount paid in wages annually is about $16,000. CAR SHOPS OF THE MAINE CENTRAL RAILROAD. Soon after the Androscoggin and Kennebec Railroad was opened to Waterville, which was in December, 1849, the company established its repair shops here. They were located on the south side of Chaplin street near College street'. The machine shop and round house occupied one building, the blacksmith shop another, while the third was used by the wood working and paint- ing departments. After consolidation with the Penobscot and Kennebec, under the name of Maine Central, and the natural increase of business which followed, additional buildings were erected on both sides of Chaplin street. In 1870 the Maine Cen- 352 HISTORY OF U'ATERVILLE. tral leased the Portland and Kennebec, and later absorbed other roads, all of which make up the present Maine Central system. For some vears the consolidated company continued to do its repair work in the several places where it had shops, but finally decided to abandon all these and erect a new plant in some place where, so far as practicable, all the work should be done. Among other cities to contend for the location were Portland and Waterville. At one time Portland seemed to have been selected. Land was purchased for the purpose and the public were informed that the new shops were to be located there. But Waterville did not give it up. A delegation of her citizens was sent to interview the president and directors, liberal terms were offered, and generous treatment assured. Waterville was finally selected and in 1886 work of construc- tion of the new shops began. The following year they were completed and were pronounced to be the most perfect in design, and convenient in arrangement, of any similar plant in the United States. They are built of brick, a portion being two stories in height, and cover nearly four acres of ground. They furnish employment to 250 men, most of whom are skilled mechanics, who receive annually about $168,000 in wages. One hundred and fifty h. p is required to run the machinery. This is generated by two boilers of 260 h. p. one engine of 150 h. p., and one air compressor of 80 h. p. The shops are lighted by electricity. The work is not confined to repairs alone, but new cars both passenger and freight are built here. THE RIVERVIEW WORSTED MILLS. In 1899 the Riverview Worsted Mills corporation was organ- ized in Waterville, with F. C. Thayer, president ; Thomas Samp- son, treasurer; C. F. Johnson, clerk. The capital stock is $50,000. The mill was erected at once, on land purchased of the Lock wood Company near the bank of the Kennebec river, a few rods north of Temple street. Manufacturing began in February, 1900. The product consists of fine fancy worsteds for men's wear, woven on eighty looms of the latest and most approved pattern. The employees soon will number about 300, and the annual pay-roll be increased to $150,000 anually. Electric power is furnished by the Union Gas and Electric Company. George W. Overend is the agent. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 353 THE WHITTEMORE FURNITURH: C0MP;\NY. The presence of the Whittemore Furniture Company in Waterville is due chiefly to the efforts of Wm. T. Haines, and Frank Redington, members of the local board of trade. Mr. W. E. Whittemore had been making furniture in Foxcroft, and later in Fairfield. Fire destroyed his shop in Fairfield and he was not unwilling to locate here. Additional capital was needed, to provide which a corporation was organized in August, 1899, with a capital stock of $50,000. Mr. Haines was chosen clerk ; Frank Redington, F. C. Thayer, W. E. Whittemore, Geo. K. Boutelle, and H. R. Mitchell, directors ; Frank Redington, pres- ident ; F. C. Thayer, vice-president ; W. E. Whittemore, treas- urer and manager. Land was purchased on Sanger avenue, and a large wooden building with two stories and basement was erected. A year later another building was added. The busi- ness is manufacturing and selling to the trade throughout New England, all kinds of upholstered furniture and frames for the same. From twenty to twenty-five men are employed and the annual pay-roll is nearly $10,000. A 10 h. p. electric motor furnishes power, which is supplied by the Waterville and Fair- field Railway and Light Company. BRICK MAKING. Brick making has been a prominent industry in Waterville from the earliest history of the town to the present time. The inexhaustible supply of clay and sand lying in close proximity, as well as an abundance of water, relieves the situation of diffi- culties which have often been experienced elsewhere. In the early days bricks were made on the land west of Water street, just south of the Lockwood Company's tenement houses. B. F. Blanchard was one of those who occupied this yard. The prod- uct was disposed of in part at home and in part transported down the river by boat. For many years during the middle of the century, Geo. Went- worth made bricks on upper Main street, west side, just north of Hayden brook. About a dozen men and several horses were kept busy during the season, and the product found a ready sale in Waterville and other towns round about. Shipments by rail 22, 354 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. were made in considerable quantities. Stacy Wentworth, brother of George, also engaged in the same business prior to 1850 on land a short distance southwest of his brother's yard. A short distance south and on land of Deacon Osborn, a pottery was operated for several years by a Mr. Bruce. Jugs, nappies and other earthern ware were made which were sold all over the surrounding country. When the first Lockwood mill was erected a large yard was opened just below Ticonic bridge, in Winslow, and the bricks for both No. I and No. 2 mills were made there. A smaller yard had previously been opened on land of the Ticonic Water Power and Manufacturing Company, now of the Lockwood Company in Winslow, by Wallace H. Carter. In 1876 Norton & Purinton purchased Mr. Carter's plant and enlarged the business. In 1885 they opened a large yard on College avenue, near the Fair- field line. In 1S87 Mr. Norton retired and Horace Purinton and Company succeeded. In 1S03 the Winslow yard was given up and the business in the Waterville yard enlarged. About fifty men are employed here for twenty weeks in the year and receives in wages about $1,200 every week. Nearly 4,000,000 bricks are made each year, a part of which are consumed at home and the balance shipped away. Electric power is used, about 15 h. p. furnished by the Waterville and Fairfield Railway and Light Company. In 1892, '93 and '94, Proctor & Flood manufactured about 750,000 bricks per year, on College avenue, just south of the Holland brook. In 1895 Mr. Proctor leased the Winslow yard, which H. Purinton and Company had formerly occupied. After a few years the corporation of Proctor and Bowie Company was formed and they are now making annually about 1,500,000 bricks in the Winslow yard. They also operate a steam wood-working mill for building supplies, such as mouldings, casings, flooring, stair work, etc. A 30 h. p. electric motor supplies the power. In mill and brick yard they employ about thirty-three men and pay them in wages about $25,000 annually. The wool pulling and sheep skin tanning business of A. P. Emery deserves mention among the minor industries of Water- ville. This was established by Alben Emery, father of the present proprietor, who came here from Fairfield. In about 1847 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 355 the elder Mr. Emery purchased a building which stood upon the college campus and had been used as a workshop by the students, and moved it to the south side of North street, just west of Hay- den Brook. Here he began the business of pulling wool from sheep's pelts, and here it has been continued to the present time. From about i860 to 1892 the business of tanning the skins was also conducted. From 3,ocx) to 10,000 skins were handled annu- ally and from three to five men employed. About 1840, and for several years thereafter, B. F. Blanchard employed from twelve to fifteen men slaughtering cattle and dressing and shipping the meat. This went chiefly by boat to Boston. The tallow also was rendered and shipped to the same market. The establishment was located on the bank of the Ken- nebec a short distance below the bridge, and near the present site of the wheel-house of the Lockwood Company's No. i mill. The manufacture of carriages and sleighs was once carried on quite extensively in Waterville. Purmot Hill, whose des- cendants continue to reside among us, conducted such a business from 1820 to 1873, on the east side of Main street, nearly oppo- site the location of the central fire station. Some eight or ten men found constant employment in Mr. Hill's shop. About the same time Samuel Stilson was engaged in the same line of business on the north side of Temple street, about where Augustus Otten's bakery now stands. Excellent work was done in both these establishments and the product was readily disposed of at home and in neighboring towns. For ten or twelve years \\'aterville supported a manufactory where men's thick boots were made. Dunn & Harvey were the first proprietors, beginning work about 1849 or 1850. They car- ried on the business in a large wooden building on the present site of the Masonic Block, on the south side of Common street. They employed about twenty-five men in the shop and as many more outside. The senior partner, Wm. Ellery Dunn, died about 1857 when T. C. Merritt and Company purchased the business. The latter firm continued till about i860 when the shop was closed. 356 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. THE HOLLINGSWORTH AND WHITNEY COMPANY. An important enterprise, established .inrl oprralcd entirely by a foreign corporation and located outside of Watcrville, yet con- tributes in so high a degree to the prosperity of our cily as to merit a place in this chapter. The Hollingsworth ano Whitney Company, operating large pulj) and paper mills in Gardiner, i\[ainc, decided about 1891 to enlarge their business by building additional mills in some other location. Their attention was turned toward Madison at first, and negotiations looking to Ihe purchase of the lower privileges on the Kennebec at that point, were begun. The owners were the Manufacturing Investment Company who had previously erected a large sulphite mill on the next power above. Failure to agree on some points affecting the purchase by one company of the product of the other com- pany's plant, brought negotiations to an end, and Winslow was suggested as a desirable location for the new mills. The Lock- wood Company's upper power was unoccupied, and the "Island" on the Winslow side of the river, opposite Colby College, was an excellent site on which to build. This entire property was soon purchased, and in 1892 the ground-wood mill and the paper mill were erected, and a dam and head gates built at the head of the island. About 450 men found employment here. Seven years later a sulphite mill was added, and the number of men employed has increased to 675, who receive in wages about $30,000 per month. In addition to the water power, both steam and electric power are used. The latter is supplied by the Union Gas and Electric Company. CHAPTER XVI. BANKING IN WATERVILLE. By Horatio D. Bates, Cashier Merchants National Bank. Since early in its history, Waterville has enjoyed ample bank- ing facilities. The old Waterville Bank founded in 1814 fur- nished all of the circulating medium then required and a surplus to loan in Boston. In 1831 the Ticonic was organized to suc- ceed the Waterville, occupying the field alone until 1850, when another bank called the Waterville Bank was started. The Peo- ples began business in 1855, and in 1876 the Merchants was added to the list, but the closing up about that time of the Water- ville National left the number of banks the same as before. The need of a depository for savings was met by the founding of the Waterville Savings Bank in 1869 and in 1887 The Waterville Loan and Building Association commenced business. In 1889 the charter of the Waterville Trust Company was granted to W. T. Haines and his associates, but the company did not com- mence business until 1893. In the present year of Waterville's centennial we have four commercial banks, the Ticonic, Peoples, and Merchants National Banks, and the Waterville Trust Com- pany, having a combined capital of $500,000, surplus and undi- vided profits of $187,868, business deposits of $620,000 and loans including stocks and bonds of $1,600,000. There are three depositories of savings; The Waterville Savings Bank with deposits of $1,200,000, and the savings department of the Trust Company with deposits of $592,452, and the Loan and Building Association with capital dues of $85,608. There are no defalcations to record in Waterville's banking history, and the nearest approach to failure was the scaling down 358 HISTORY OP VVATUKVILLE. of 12^ per cent, in the deposits of the Waterville Savings Bank and the passing of one dividend in 1876. With this exception our banks have weathered all the financial storms, have paid good dividends, and are to-day in exceptionally strong condition. Our city is the banking center for North Vassalboro, China, Albion, Corinna, Hartland, Newport, Burnham and Clinton, and has a share of the business of Dexter and Fairfield. Banking conditions at present are very favorable. Although rates for money are not as high as in past years, the volume of deposits is larger than ever before, and the local demand for funds makes it unnecessary for the banks to buy notes of Boston brbkers, a class of paper in which there is a much greater chance of loss than in loans made to home borrowers. The banks at the present time are charging six per cent, on most loans, a five per cent, rate being made to large depositors or on loans of good size with choice collateral. The Savings Bank and the Trust Company, on its time deposits, are paying depositors three and one-half per cent, and the Savings Bank charges six per cent, on its real estate loans. The national banks are holding a minimum of two per cent, bonds as security for circulation, all having sold their twos down to this limit within a year, tempted by the high prices. The growth of the banking business since the industrial awaken- ing of the town is shown by the increase in deposits and loans since 1876, in which year the four national banks reported deposits of $126,000, and loans of $524,000, against business deposits at the present time in the three national banks and the Trust Company of $620,000, and loans of $1,600,000. The increase of savings deposits in the same time has been from $400,000 in the Savings Bank to $1,792,452 in this bank and the savmgs department of the Trust Company, and $85,608 capital dues in the Loan and Building Association. There have been several attempted robberies of Waterville banks. The Ticonic, when located in the little building south of Ticonic Row, was twice entered, but the vault withstcwd the efforts of the burglars. Before the days of time locks an attempt was made to enter the house of Mr. Homer Percival, then cashier of the Peoples Bank, then living in the house on the corner of Spring and Elm streets, now occupied by Dr. C. W. Abbott. It happened that there was sickness in the house that night and the HISTORY OF WATfiRVlLLE. 359 robbers were frightened away by the hghts and the people mov- ing about. It was thought that the intention was to force Mr. Perciva! to go to the bank and open the safe. An attempt to rob the Waterville National Bank was made on the night of November 22, 1876, the bank at that time being located in the second story of a wooden building at the south corner of Main and Silver streets, where the Milliken Block now stands. A circumstance favorable to the attempt was that a lecture was given in town hall that night by Theodore Tilton. The four men concerned in the affair got permission to leave their team at Luke Brown's on the corner of Pleasant and Mill streets, saying they were going to the lecture, and their presence on the street excited less suspicion than it otherwise would. Augustus Wood, the night watchman was approached by these men about twenty minutes of eleven and before he could make an outcry was gagged and thrown down, after being put upon his feet and led blind-folded to a shed in the rear of the Catholic church. Here his gag was removed, his keys taken and he was obliged to answer all the inquiries put to him as to his beat, etc. The gag was then put in his mouth and he was securely bound with window cord. Two of the gang then went to the bank and were climbing up to reach a rear window when George H. Vigue, a private watchman, came toward the bank looking for Wood, whom he had been in the habit of meeting at stated times while on his beat. L. D. Carver, now State Librarian, had an office on the same floor as the bank and slept in a room in the rear. He was awakened by the robbers and heard one say, "There's that cussed private watchman, let's go and do for him." Mr. Carver took his revolver and without waiting to dress, rushed down the stairs. Before he had reached the sidewalk the men had seized Vigue, one striking him a heavy blow on the head. He suc- ceeded in breaking away from them however, and to use his own expression, "hollered like a loon." The men ran down Silver street, their flight hastened by two shots from Vigue's revolver. They went to the place where the other men were and then all escaped in the team which had been left at Mr. Brown's. Vigue's outcry brought a number of people from the Williams house, and before long a general alarm was rung. When it was learned that the robbers had escaped, a search was made for 360 HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. Wood, who was found by J. Fred Hill where the robbers had left him. The next morning Levi Dow and Fred Hill followed the track of the team as far as Augusta, the traces and the testi- mony of the people along the road showing that the ride was a fast and furious one. Though this happened nearly twenty-six years ago, Dr. Hill well remembers the remark of Dr. Hanson when Constable Dow came to the Institute for him the next morning: "Well, Mr. Hill, if you think you had rather be a detective than a scholar you may go, and your education is entirely sufficient for the business." No arrests were ever made in connection with this affair which was the talk of the town for a long time. THE OLD \V.\TERV1IJ.K B.\NK. The banking history of Waterville dates from 1814. in which year the old Waterville Bank was organized and its charter granted by the legislature of Massachusetts. This was the first banking institution commencing business above Augusta on the Kennebec river and served besides Waterville, Skowhegan, Norridgewock and other up-river towns. At the first meeting of its directors, held at the dwelling-house of Nath'l Gilman, Esq., on the 21st day of March, 1814, Mr. Gilman was chosen president and served in this capacity for the nineteen years of the bank's exis- tence. A small, one-story, wooden building was erected for the use of the bank, its location being just south of Ticonic Row on lower Main street. The original bank building was occupied also by the Ticonic Bank, the successor of the Waterville until 1865. This building afterward was moved to Ticonic street and was used as a dwelling-house until destroyed by fire. The first board of directors of the bank consisted of ]Mr. Gil- man, Asa Redington, Samuel Redington, Thomas Rice and Daniel Cook. Among others who later served as directors were Asa Redington, Jr., Lemuel Paine, Timothy Boutelle, Jonathan Farrar, Moses Appleton, Joseph Southwick, Calvin Selden, Thomas B. Coolidge, Samuel Weston, James Stackpole, and John Ware of Norridgewock, great uncle of John Ware of this city. Asa Redington, Jr., was first cashier. He was elected July i, 1814 and served until September, 1818. The highest salary he received was $500. He was succeeded by his father, Asa Red- HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 361 ington, who served from September, 1818 to November, 1826. His salary was $500 until July, 1826, when on plea of the poor business done by the bank it was reduced to $250. When the senior Redington was chosen cashier in 1818 his place on the board of directors was taken by his son, they thus exchanging places. Asa Redington, senior, evidently did not care to serve at the small salary granted him in 1826, and upon his resigna- tion Alpheus Lyon was elected, November 2, 1826. Mr. Lyon's pay was $300 until November, 1829, when it was reduced to $200. Asa Redington was chosen, on Mr. Lyon's resignation, to his old place as cashier, January 18, 1830, and continued to July, 1832. Daniel Cook was the last to fill the office. He was elected, July I, 1832, and voted a stipend of $100 for undertaking to close the affairs of the bank. The profits of country banks in those days were from the loaning of their circulating notes, so the first busi- ness engaging the officers of the bank was the signing and issuing of its bills, and a good portion of the money seems to have found ready borrowers. The bills were signed by president and cashier and bore a blank space in which it was customary to write the name of some person as payee. For example, at one direc- tors' meeting it was voted "To fill up five hundred three dollar bills payable to D. Cook." So these notes were made payable to D. Cook or bearer and then loaned to any one whose note was discounted by the bank. The bills were redeemable in specie at the bank's counter and the constant problem was to keep them in circulation. At times loans were made of the banks circulation on ninety days with a charge for interest of only half that time, the object being to keep the bills away from the bank and its redemption obligations. The strength of banks issuing currency was not so carefully considered as in the laws made at a later period and it appears that quite an amount of the stock in this bank was issued upon credit. That is, the stockholder subscribed for his shares and gave his note in payment for part or whole of the stock, leaving it with the bank as collateral. The legislature of 18^3 passed a banking act in which this practice of loaning by banks on its own shares was prohibited. There is constant reference in the records of the • Waterville Bank to these loans on hypothecated shares and they appear to have been an annoying feature of the business. There 362 HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. was a constant endeavor to get them paid up or reduced by restricting the amount per share which should be loaned upon them. The Waterville Bank, however, was not a "wildcat" bank, and its bills seemed to have a good standing in their time, and provision was made for the outstanding remnant when the bank went out of business. The only statements of the bank's con- dition that have been preserved bear the dates 1814 and 181 5 and the one of latest date, February, 181 5, is given herewith. The capital of the bank appears to have been increased to $100,000 subsequent to this report, the records showing a reduction from that amount later. ASSETS. Real estate $ 2.200 00 Stamps 100 00 Loans 55.15630 Bills of other banks 1.514 00 Treasury note i .000 00 Specie with Prest 3.270 05 Specie with Cashier 2.581 54 $65,822 85 LIABILITIES. Capital Stock $50,000 00 Bills in circulation 11.425 00 Profits 1,583 97 Deposits, individual 1. 170 23 Deposits, United States 1.318 65 Deposits of assessors' money 68 00 Deposits to Cr. of I. G. Neal 257 00 $65,822 8s Interesting features of this statement are the small amount of deposits and the fact brought out that the president was custodian of part of the bank's funds. When specie was needed for busi- ness the directors passed a vote that a certain sum should be turned over by the president to the cashier, taking his receipt for the same. The president had a strong box in the bank in which he kept the money of which he had charge. It was the rule of the bank that every note, at least those taken of local borrowers, should bear not less than three names. The record of the seven- teen years of the bank's active existence, from 1814 to 1831 is HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 363 told quite fully in the minutes of the directors' meetings (the stockholders' records not having been preserved) and is typical of the country bank of that period. It would appear that there was not sufficient local demand for the bank funds after the first wants of the community were supplied, and large sums were placed in the hands of agents in Boston, to be loaned by them. There is record of $80,000 being intrusted to Chas. Scudder, a Boston merchant who enjoyed at one time the confidence of the directors. Mr. Scudder evidently made some poor loans to others or to himself for in a settlement with the bank in 1821 he paid about $1,600 in cash on claims against him for over $20,000. The bank was also obliged to compromise a claim against Mr. Brooks, another Boston agent. The bank also had in Boston a correspondent bank where its circulation was redeemed and part of its funds lodged. When the Suffolk system, so-called, was inaugurated it was the endeavor of the Suffolk bank to make itself a general redemption agent for the country banks, and each bank was expected to keep a sum of money there, without interest, to redeem its bills when presented. The Waterville bank did not take kindly to this arrangement and refused to keep a redemption fund with the Suffolk. Mr. A. A. Plaisted relates that his grandfather, Moses Appleton, went to Boston at one time with a large sum in specie for the purpose of taking up a like amount in bank bills held by the Suffolk. This bank, to punish the Waterville institution for not coming into the new arrangement refused to take the money and sent a clerk down by stage to demand specie at the bank counter, Dr. Appleton returning in the same stage, bringing back the coin. The bills were redeemed and the specie took another trip to Boston. In these early days there were no express companies and money was sent to Boston or brought home by any trusty person who happened to be mak- ing the trip by stage or otherwise. This service appears usually to have been voluntary and unpaid but there is a vote recorded at one of the directors meetings "that the cashier pay to Mr. Jos. Mitchell the sum of one dollar and fifty cents in consideration of his care and prudent management in bringing specie from Boston in January last." The banks capital after being made $100,000 was reduced in 1828 to $75,000 and to $50,000 in the following 364 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. year. These reductions were evidently on account of the losses incurred in loaning the surplus funds of the bank. November 15, 1830, the directors voted to call a meeting of the stockholders on the loth of December to see if they would vote for an exten- sion of the charter or apply for a new one. The vote was in the negative and some of the men associated with the old bank applied with others for a charter for a new bank, a successor of the old Waterville, to be called the Ticonic Bank, which charter was granted, being approved April i, 183 1. The Waterville Bank commenced to liquidate in September, 1831, dividing then among its shareholders 60% of its capital and in August, 1832, 20% more was paid. At a directors meeting held July 8, 1832, at which meeting were present Asa Redington, Timothy Boutelle, Moses Appleton, Daniel Cook and James Stackpole, it was voted that the offer of the Ticonic Bank to settle the affairs of the Waterville Bank be accepted. The proposition was to take over from the old bank, notes and judgments owned by it and amount- ing to $7,368.55 and cash $2,845.89, amounting in all to $10,- 214.44. In consideration therefor the new bank agreed to redeem within fourteen years the Waterville Bank's outstanding bills, amounting to $3,914, and to pay over in cash $8,700. This cash divided among the shareholders on a basis of $50,000 cap- ital made a final dividend of $17.40 per share, making the total liquidating payments $97.40 per share. During its seventeen years of active business the bank paid dividends averaging 5J^% and should go down into history as paying its debts, dollar for dollar and as having a fairly profitable career. TICONIC B.ANK. Ticonic Bank was organized to succeed the old Waterville Bank although the business of the latter was not closed up until 1832. As will be seen by reference to the history of the older bank, the Ticonic took over the remaining assets of the Water- ville and agreed to redeem its circulation. The Ticonic charter bore date April i, 183 1, and was granted to Moses Appleton, Isaac Stevens, Asa Redington, Jr., Jediah Morrill, Abel Hoxie, Calvin Selden, Warren Preston, Isaac Farrar and their asso- ciates. The charter provided that the capital of the bank should HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 365 be paid in gold and silver, so the institution started on a sounder basis than the old Waterville with its shares issued partly on credit. The law under which the bank was organized also placed a restriction upon circulation, limiting the same to 50% in addi- tion to thf amount of the capital stocks. The Ticonic therefore had authority after its capital ($50,000) was fully paid in, to issue bills to the amount of $75,000. The law also provided that banks should loan on paper bearing not less than two responsible names, that if after fifteen days of grace a bank failed to redeem its bills in gold or silver, the claim against it should bear interest imtil paid, at the rate of 24% per annum. Notes of the bank raised to a higher denomination were payable at the larger sum if presented by an innocent holder. The banking tax at this tiine was one per cent per year on the capital paid in. The first meeting of incorporation was held at the Waterville Bank Octo- ber 3, 1831, and at a meeting held January 2, 1832, a board of directors was chosen. The board consisted of Nath'l Oilman, Timothy Boutelle, Daniel Cook, Jediah Morrill and Alpheus Lyon. Nath'l Gilman was first choice for president but he declined to serve and Timothy Boutelle was elected. Daniel Cook was first cashier and the by-laws fixed his hours of service at 10 A. M. to T P. M., this arrangement being changed at a later date to something like the present arrangement, the hours of the national banks being 8.30 to 12 and i to 3. The first location of the bank was in the original building occupied since 1814 by the Waterville Bank. In 1865 a small wooden building located where the present building stands was purchased of Mrs. Bradbury who had occupied it as a millinery shop, and the bank remained in these quarters until 1875 when the present banking house was erected. The first return to the secretary of State made in 1833 shows deposits of $2,563; due to Sufifolk Bank, $10,856, and loans of $93,332. In 1836 the capital of the bank was increased to $75,000. In 1846 a renewal of charter to 1857 was granted and in 1852 the capital was increased to $100,000. A further increase to $125,000 was made in 1855. I" 1857 another renewal of charter was granted. In 1859 capital was reduced to $100,000, $15,000 of the reduction charged to loss account and $10,000 being paid to stockholders, a stock dividend of $8 per share, leaving the 1,250 shares at a par value of $80 366 UlriTOUV 01" WATUKVILt.r.. per share. December 27, 1864. the vote was passed to surren- der the charter granted by the State, and a national charter was then obtained. The records of directors subsequent to 1855 are inissing but the record of dividends paid up to that time shows a prosperous business. Presidents : Timothy Boutelle, 1832 to 1855 ; Jos. Eaton, 1855 to 1865; Solyman Heath, 1865. Cashiers: Daniel Cook, 1832 to 1834; Augustine Perkins, 1834 to 1849; Suinner Percival, 1849 to 1853: Edw. G. Hoag, 1853 to 1858; Aaron Appleton Plaisted, 1858. Silas Redington also served as cashier for a short time in 1858, before Mr. Plaisted's appointment. Beside those on the first board the bank was served as directors by Asa Redington, Moses Appleton, Simeon Mathews, Sumner Percival, Elah Esty, Samuel Appleton, Edw^in Noyes, Samuel Doolittle, Edw. G. Meader and Chas. K. Mathews. TICOXIC NATIONAL BANK. The Ticonic changed to a national bank in 1865, its charter bearing date January 2 of that year. The first board of directors was Joseph Eaton of Winslow ; Solyman Heath, Samuel Doo- little, Edward G. Meader, Charles K. Mathews. Presidents: Jos. Eaton, 1865, January to September; Solyman Heath, 1865- 1875; Samuel Appleton, 1875-1884; Nathaniel R. Boutelle, 1884- 1891 ; Chas. K. Mathews, 1891-1899; Geo. K. Boutelle, 1899 — . A. A. Plaisted was cashier from 1865 to 1896 when Appleton H. Plaisted, his son, was chosen, June 29. A. H. Plaisted was suc- ceeded by Hascall S. Hall, the present cashier, who was elected January 8, 1901, having served as assistant from January 2, 1898. Willard H. Parsons, assistant, was appointed February 14, 1901. The present board of directors is Geo. K. Boutelle, president; Clarence A. Leighton, vice-president ; Joseph Eaton of Winslow, Charles Wentworth and William T. Haines. Others who have served as directors are : Dudley W. Moor. Henry R. Butter- field, Nathaniel Meader, J. H. Plaisted and H. L. Kelley. Mr. A. A. Plaisted served a remarkably long term as cashier of the Ticonic and Ticonic National, 1858 to 1896, a period of thirty- eight years. During nearly the whole of this time he performed all the duties of cashier without hcl]> and had no vacations. This HISTORY OF WATERVILLU. 367 bank has paid in dividends since 1865, $286,000, to July i, 1902 and its net earnings to July 16, 1902, have been $325,800. The Ticonic National is the historic and family bank of the city, having been organized as a State bank in 1 831 to succeed the old Waterville Bank founded in 1814, and members of the prom- inent old families in the past and at the present time being con- nected with its management. Geo. K. Boutelle, the president at this time is a son of Dr. N. R. Boutelle who iilled the same office from 1884 to 1891, and is a grandson of Timothy Boutelle who served as a director of the old Waterville Bank and was president of the Ticonic from 1832 to 1855. A. H. Plaisted and his father, A. A. Plaisted, are respectively great-grandson and grandson of Moses Appleton, a director of the old Waterville Bank, A. H. Plaisted's maternal grandfather, Solyman Heath, was president of the Ticonic in 1865. Jos. Eaton of the present board is a grandson of the Jos. Eaton who was president from 1855 to 1865 and Asa Redington, connected with old Waterville Bank for many years as cashier or director, is the ancestor of all the Redingtons now living in this city. Hascall Shailer Hall, the present cashier, is son of Edw. W. Hall, librarian and registrar of Colby College. He was born in Waterville April 16, 1876, and received his education here, graduating from Colby in 1896, and was engaged in teaching before entering the bank. Mr. Hall is a member of the Masonic order but holds no public office. The average individual deposits of the Ticonic for the year ending with the date of the following report have been $79,584. 368 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. REPORT OF THE CONDITION OF THE TICONIC NATIONAL BANK, at Waterville, in the State of Maine, at the close of business. July i6, ig02. RESOURCES. Loans and discounts $181,744 93 Overdrafts, secured and unsecured 215 79 U. S. Bonds to secure circulation 25,000 00 Stocks, Securities, etc 10,61 1 a Banking-house furniture, and fixtures 10,000 00 Due from National Banks (not reserve agents; 1,500 00 Due from approved reserve agents 29,053 09 Checks and other cash items I-I53 02 Notes of other National Banks 6,465 00 Fractional paper currency, nickels, and cents 20 00 Lawful Money Reserve in Bank, viz : Specie 10.097 59 Legal-tender notes 4.100 00 14.197 £9 Redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer (5 per cent, of circulation,) 1.25000 Total $281,21075 LIABILITIES. Capital stock paid in $100,000 00 Surplus fund 20.000 00 Undivided profits, less expenses and taxes paid 19.799 74 National Bank notes outstanding 25,000 00 Due to other National Banks 492 79 Due to Trust Companies and Savings Banks 18,836 27 Dividends unpaid 477 00 Individual deposits subject to check 93.365 45 Cashier's checks outstanding 3.239 50 Total $281,21075 State of Maine, County of Kennebec, ss : I, Hascall S. Hall. Cashier of the above named bank, do solemnly swear that the above statement is true to the best of my knowledge and belief. HASCALL S. HALL. Cashier. Subscribed and sworn to before me this 23rd day of July, 1902. J. FOSTER PERCIVAL, Notary Public. Correct. — Attest : GEO. K. BOITTELLE, JOSEPH EATON. WILLIAM T. HAINES. Directors. XEHEMIAH GETCHELL, 2nd. EI.DRIDGE I.. GETCHELL, HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 369 WATERVILLE BANK. WATERVILLE NATIONAL BANK. This bank was chartered as a State bank in 1850, commencing business with a capital of $25,000, all paid in coin. The first board of directors was Samuel P. Shaw, president ; Increase S. Johnson, James Stackpole, Jr., Stephen Stark, John R. Phil- brick, Wm. Moor, Ebenezer Frye, Thomas G. Kimball and Daniel H. Brown. Augustine Perkins was first cashier. The location of the bank when commencing business was over the Esty & Kimball store in Ticonic row. This was the store at the north end of the block and on the old stone door posts can still be seen the bank's sign painted on either side of the entrance. The bank in 1866 purchased the wooden building then standing on the south comer of Main and Silver streets, using an upstairs room for a banking office, and in 1877 erected the brick building which now stands on this lot and is called the Milliken block. The banking office was on the lower floor in the room now used as a fruit store by King & Paganucci. Mr. Shaw was succeeded as president, in 1856, by D. L. Milliken who held the office to the closing of the bank. Mr. Perkins resigned in 1861 and I. S. Bangs was chosen cashier, serving until 1862, when he resigned to enter the army. Mr. Perkins was again chosen but resigned in 1863 on account of ill health and Eldridge L. Getchell was elected and continued to the closing of the bank. The Waterville became a national bank in 1865 and its affairs were closed up in 1879-80. The capital of the bank at the time of winding up was $125,000 and the stockholders received the value of their stock in full and a stock dividend of 20%. This bank was well managed and paid good dividends. An item of interest in the director's records is the passing of a vote in March, 1851, thanking the directors of the Ticonic Bank for the courtesy and liberality extended by them and promising to reciprocate. The board of directors at time of the bank's closing was D. L. Milliken, James Stackpole, Francis Dow of Clinton, Thomas G. Kimball, E. F. Webb, Elias Milliken and 1. S. Bangs. 24 370 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. TEOPI.E S BANK. The records of tliis bank not having been preserved its history will necessarily be short. It was organized in 1855 with Paul L. Chandler as president and Sumner Percival, cashier. John R. Philbrick was president at one time and Homer Percival, father of the present cashier of the People's National, succeeded his brother Sumner as cashier in 1859. John Ware was presi- dent in 1865 when the change to the national form was made. PEOPLES NATIONAL BANK. In 1864 there were three banks in Waterville, the Ticonic, successor of the old Waterville : a second Waterville P>ank dating from 1850, and People's Bank which commenced business in 1855. These three banks voted to apply for charters under the national system and it was agreed in a spirit of fairness that the applications should all be sent in the same mail. The People's National certificate bears date March 15, 1865. At this time it was located in the second story of a wooden building standing on the site now occupied by a brick store belonging to Geo. K. Boutelle, the lower floor used by W. A. Hager as a confectionery and ice cream store. The bank afterwards moved to a wooden building where the Hanson, Webber & Dunham store is, and purchased in 1884 the brick building in which it is now located. The first board of directors after the change to the national form was John Webber, father of John N. Webber, vice-presi- dent at the present time ; Thomas W. Herrick, William Connor of Fairfield, James P. Blunt, William Dyer, Luke Brown. 2nd, and L. E. Thayer. The late F. P. Haviland was at one time a director. Presidents: John Webber, 1865-1882; N. G. H. Pulsifer, 1882-1893; J. W. Philbrick, 1894-1900; E. G. Hodgdon of Clin- ton, 1900, — Cshiers: Homer Percival, 1865-1893 ; J.Foster Percival, 1893 — ; Ernest E. Decker, the present assistant, was appointed in May, 1896. The present board of directors is E. G. Hodgdon, president ; John N. Webber, vice-president ; Arthur J. Alden, Christian Knauff and Llewellyn Parks of Pittsfield. The vacancy on the board caused by the death of Jonas P. Gray, HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 371 for many years a director has not been filled at the present writ- ing. The capital of the People's was $150,000 in 1865 and in 1875 it was increased to $200,000. It has paid as a national bank to July I, 1902, dividends amounting to $592,653, and its net earnings to July 16 are $654,281. People's National Bank has lately installed the latest electric protective system, has improved and strengthened its vault, put- ting in a fine new door and vestibule and has added safety deposit boxes to its equipment. J. Foster Percival, the present cashier, was bom in Waterville in 1847 and received his education in the common schools and high school of the city. From 1864 to 1870 he was with a Boston commission house and from 1870 to 1875 in the elevator business in Duluth. In 1875 he returned to his native town and purchased the book business long carried on by Chas. K. Mathews in the store in the Phenix block now occupied by W. B. Blanchard. In 1883 he sold his book business and entered the bank as his father's assistant, serving in that capacity for ten years, when he was chosen cashier in 1893. ^^- Percival has been treasurer of St. Mark's (Episcopal) church since it was organized in 1876. He holds no other public office. The average individual deposits of the People's National the past year have been $146,584. 372 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. REPORT OF THE CONDITION OF THE PEOPLE'S NATIONAL BANK, at Waterville, in the State of Maine, at the close of business, July i6, 1902. RESOURCES. Loans and discounts $314,651 08 Overdrafts, secured and unsecured 1746 54 U. S. Bonds to secure circulation 50,000 00 Stocks, securities, etc 32,390 00 Banking-house, furniture and fixtures 16,150 00 Due from National Banks (not Reserve Agents) 137 28 Due from approved reserve agents 31.759 33 Checks and other cash items 4>i40 55 Notes of other National Banks 5,000 00 Fractional paper currency, nickels & cents 8 22 Lawful money reserve in Bank, viz : Specie 13,114 50 Legal-tender notes 3,000 00 16,114 50 Redemption fund with U. S. Treasurer, (5 per cent, of circulation) 2,500 00 Total $474,597 50 LIABILITIES. Capital stock paid in $200,000 00 Surplus fund 50,000 00 Undivided profits, less expenses and ta.xes paid 11,628 41 National Bank notes outstanding 50,000 00 Due to Trust Companies and Savings Banks 1S,I33 74 Dividends unpaid 3.458 95 Individual deposits subject to check 129,718 73 Demand Certificates of deposit 4.657 67 Bills payable, including certificates of deposit for money borrowed 10.000 CO Total $474,597 50 State of Maine, County of Kennebec, ss : I, J. F. Percival, Cashier of the above named Bank, do solemnly swear that the above statement is true to the best of my knowledge and belief. J. F. PERCIVAL, Cashier. Subscribed and sworn to before me this 21st day of July, 1902. HASCALL S. HALL, Notary Public. Correct — Attest: JOHN N. WEBBER, C. KNAUFF, E. G. HODGDON. Directors. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 373 MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANK. The Merchants National Bank was founded by John Ware in 1875, its charter being dated October 23 of that year, and it was opened for business January i, 1876. The first board of direc- tors was made up of John Ware, Geo. C. Getchell, Chas M. Barrell, Colby C. Coniish of Winslow, Gideon Wells of Clinton, John C. Manson of Pittsfield and John Ware, Jr. John Ware was first president and Geo. H. Ware, his son, cashier. John Ware, Sr., died in 1877 and his son John Ware, succeeded him as president and holds the office at the present time. Geo. H. Ware resigned his office as cashier in 1879 on account of ill health and the present incumbent, Horatio D. Bates, was elected June I, 1879; Luke S. Spencer, assistant, entered the bank in 1886. The present board of directors is composed of John Ware, president ; L. H. Soper, vice-president ; Geo. H. Ware, J. M. Winn of Clinton, Ira E. Getchell of Winslow, Fred Pooler and Chas. F. Johnson. Others who have served as directors are the late Geo. S. Flood, the late E. F. Webb and A. P. McMaster of Pittsfield. The bank has always occupied its present location, having bought the property of Chas. F. Barrell. The total divi- dends of this bank have been $160,500 to July i, 1902, and total net earnings to April 30, 1902, $205,520. The Merchants through its connection with Brown Brothers and Company, draws its own drafts on any foreign country. Mr. Bates the present cashier was born in Gardiner in 1849 and received his education in the common schools and Westbrook Seminary. Before his appointment as cashier he was employed as bookkeeper in Shawmut and Waterville. Mr. Bates is treas- urer of the Waterville and Fairfield Railway and Light Com- pany, of the Waterville Loan and Building Association, the Free Library Association and has been auditor of the town and city since 1886 with the exception of the years 1894, 1895 and 1897. He is an Odd Fellow and is clerk of the Unitarian Society. The average individual deposits of the Merchants National for the past year have been $156,868 374 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. REPORT OF THE CONDITION OF MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANK, at Watcrvillc in the State of Maine, at the close of business, July 16, 1902. RESOURCES. Loans and discounts $179,280 53 Overdrafts, secured and unsecured 719 7.5 U. S. Bonds to secure circulation 25.000 00 Stocks, .'securities, etc 74.673 35 Banking-house, furniture and fixtures 9.000 00 Dne from approved reserve agents 23,130 55 internal Revenue Stamps 160 00 Checks and other cash items 969 59 Notes of other Nat'l Banks 8.541 00 P'ractional paper currency, nickels and cts 128 88 Lawful money reserve in bank, viz : Specie 15.350 50 Legal-tender notes 3.909 00 19.259 50 Redemption Fund with U. S. Treasurer, (5 per cent, of circulation) 1.2.50 00 Total $.342.11315 LIABILITIES. Capital stock paid in $100,000 00 Surplus Fund 30.000 CO LTndivided profits, less e.Kpenses and taxes paid 14.520 54 National Bank Notes outstanding 25.000 00 Due to Trust Companies and Savings Banks 6.000 00 Dividends unpaid 162 00 Individual deposits subject to check 164.1 10 88 Demand certificates of deposit 1.937 00 Cashier's checks outstanding 382 70 Total $3.12.11315 State of Maine, County of Kennebec, ss : I, H. D. Bates. Cashier of the above-named bank, do solemnly swear that the above statement is true to the best of my knowledge and belief, H, D, BATES. Cashier. Subscribed and sworn to before me this i.*8 77 Capital dues 85.608 04 House account 34 40 Bills payable 6,200 85 $95,522 56 M. F. B.\RTLETT, Secretary. May 24. 1902. I hereby certify that I have examined the accounts of the Waterville Loan & Building Association to date, and find the same correct. M. E. Ad.\ms, Auditor. WATERVILLE SAVINGS BANK. (Written by E. T. Wyman.) The Waterville Saving.s bank was chartered in 1869 with the following charter members of the corporation : L. E. Thayer, J. F. Elden, Reuben Foster, T. W. Herrick, William Tobey, John Webber, H. A. Mar.'iton, J. P. Caffrey, Chas. A. Henrickson, B. A. Robie, G. L. Robinson, Luke Brown, W. L. Leslie, Wil- liam Dyer, E. E. Getchell, G. B. Broad, Ira H. Lowe, S. C. Marston, N. G. H. Pulsifer, James P. Blunt, E. F. Webb, G. A. Phillips, D. R. Wing, Homer Percival, Noah Boothby and C. F. Hathaway. The charter was accepted and the organization was partially completed March 23, 1869. March 29, a set of by-laws was adopted and on May 4 the organization was completed and a board of trustees was elected composed of William Dyer, C. F. Hathaway, Moses Lyford, Ira H. Lowe and N. G. H. Pulsifer. Homer Percival was elected treasurer and clerk, and William Dyer, president. May 10 the bank w'as located in the rooms occupied by the People's National Bank, the use of which was to be had for one year free of charge. The amount of the treas- urer's bond was fixed at $10,000 and his salary at $600. May, 31, less than a month after the bank opened, ten loans amounting to about $9,000 were approved. The first depositor in the new bank was John A. Vigue, one of its present board of frustees. The first loan was made to Joseph H. Lunt. The bank was HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 379 examined for the first time in November and the trustees certified to the report that there were on deposit $67,773.02, and that profits of $566.20 were on hand. In less than a year the Hst of depositors numbered 791 and the deposits amounted to $186,492.91. Homer Percival con- tinued to be secretary and treasurer until May 9, 1871, when his son, Marshall C. Percival, who had been from the beginning acting treasurer, was chosen treasurer, and held the office until May 25, 1874, when he resigned. In May of 1872 a dividend at the rate of seven per cent was declared. At this May meeting Reuben Foster was elected president and was re-elected every year until his death in 1898. Upon Mr. Percival's resignation as treasurer, Everett R. Drummond, the present treasurer, was chosen to succeed him. In 1876 C. C. Cornish began a long term of service as one of the board of trustees. Moses Lyford, the last of the original board retired in 1886. In 1897, Albert F. Drummond, was chosen assistant treasurer. In 1898, George K. Boutelle was elected to the board to succeed Reuben Foster, deceased, George W. Reynolds was chosen president. In 1900 he was succeeded by Christian Knaufif, the present president. The only financial embarrassment the bank has known came in 1876 when, on account of the marked shrinkage of railroad bonds and real estate, the board of trustees thought best for the bank to suspend. The bank examiner, after making a valuation of its assets, con- sidered them worth about 873-^ per cent of the bank's liabilities. The trustees then arranged by an agreement with nearly all the depositors to scale down 123^2 per cent rather than put the bank into the hands of a receiver. After a suspension of about six months, it resumed business on a basis the solidity of which has never since been questioned. Present board of trustees : Christian Knautif, Josiah W. Eas- sett of Winslow, Geo. K. Boutelle, Dana P. Foster, Howard C. Morse, John A. Vigue, and S. T. Lawry of Fairfield. Officers : Christian Knaufif, president ; Everett R. Drummond, treasurer ; Albert F. Drummond, assistant treasurer. 380 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Statement of the condition of the VVaterville Savings Bank, as it exis- ted on the 13th day of May, 1902. LIABILITIES. Deposits $1,186,826 49 Reserve fund 51 ,320 00 Undivided profits 12,008 16 $1,250,154 65 RESOURCES. Loans $541 ,342 00 National bank stock, par 88,270 00 Other bank stock par 4,050 00 Railroad bonds 315,800 00 RaiJroad stock 14,500 00 Municipal and county bonds 144,500 00 Corporation bonds 37.900 00 United States bonds 17,000 00 Premium account 9,000 00 Real estate invested 21,600 00 Real estate by foreclosure 26,244 5° Cash and deposited 29,948 15 $1,250,154 6s The Bank Examiner makes the estimated market value of the above $1,320,549.70 or $125,873.21 above all liabilities. CHAPTER XVll. THE WATERVILLE WOMAN'S ASSOCIATION. By Mrs. James H. H.-vnson. The Waterville Woman's Association was formed in the year eighteen eighty-seven. Mrs. Sarah Scott Ware, widow of John Ware, Sr., a large-hearted woman of excellent judgment, benevo- lent purpose, and friendly interest in the working women of the town, with ample means, invited friends who were in sympathy with the movement, to meet at her house to form an association whose object should be, as expressed in the following words of the revised constitution : "To provide and maintain a homelike and attractive room, furnished with facilities for literary and womanly culture and usefulness, which shall be free to all women young and old. "A special attraction to this room shall be a library enlarged and replenished from time to time as funds may warrant. Books may be taken from this library for home reading, on payment of one dollar yearly or one cent a day." After varying experiences, some discouragement, but no fail- ure, a free reading room, well warmed, well lighted, bright and cheery was opened a portion of each week day and on Sunday afternoon from three to five. Mrs. Ware was the first president and became responsible for the rent the first year. Mrs. Eliza- beth D. Bates was the second president and brought to the work the serenity of character, helpfulness and courage that were so much needed at the time. Mrs. L. T. Boothby was vice-presi- dent and from that time to the present has been an earnest, sym- pathetic, generous helper. 382 HISTORY OV WATERVlLMv. Mrs. S. G. Crosby, secretary for several years, was actively engaged in the duties of her office, and afterward became a valuable contributor to the literary work of the club connected with the association. Miss Elizabeth S. Blaisdell. the first treasurer, was a constant, reliable worker, ever hopeful and helpful, and a faithful cus- todian of her trust. Miss L. E. McLain, the present librarian, has given her Sat- urday evenings to the library from its very sinall beginning to the present time with cheerful, untiring devotion. The money for the first book purchased for the library was given by Miss McLain. On the tables of the rooms are found the best magazines of the day and several daily and weekly newspapers. Encyclo- pedias and other valuable books of reference are conveniently placed for school girls and for others who often come to them to settle unanswered questions or to seek information not readily found elsewhere. Games are provided for those who do not care to read or study, and an easy-running sewing machine stands near a window where the girl from college, factory, school or place of employ- ment can stitch whenever she wishes to do so. For a time Mrs. Elizabeth B. Foster had an interesting Bible class one evening in the week and Mrs. Jessie Smith Hubbard gave valuable instruction in vocal culture on another evening. At first, four evenings a week were devoted to classes for study. For several years, on Sunday afternoon, the hour from four to five was occupied by a meeting which opened with a brief service of song, then a Scripture lesson and prayer, followed by a talk given by some member of the association or an invited guest who gave a review of some instructive book, a personal experience, a biographical sketch, or s])oke upon a topic of immediate and general interest. From one of these services came the impulse to establish a sewing school on The Plains. To the young girl coming here in search of work — an entire stranger — new to everything, and through loneliness liable to fall into temptations abounding in a city, the association offers a pleasant place presided over, for the last seven years by Miss HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 383 Frances F. Dunbar, who has never failed to extend a hearty welcome and a hopeful word to each and all who need sympathy and genuine kindness. After a few years the sewing and evening classes became so large that it was found necessary to add to the accommodations. A large front room was rented in eighteen ninety-nine. Additional expenses were incurred and though generous gifts were received from interested, sympathizing citizens who are* not included in the membership, the question of financial support became increasingly difficult. Much money has been raised from entertainments and from lectures and readings, by members of our college faculty and interested friends from other places. The Woman's Exchange is a source of income, and it gives to many the opportunity to make things and bring them to the rooms for sale. A small commission goes into the treasury of the association. At this exchange department may be found fine photographs, calendars and needle work from the finest Batten- berg lace to a kitchen holder. The observance of the birthday of the association brings in a larger sum of money than any other entertainment. It was inaugurated and carried to success by the skillful management and the persistent, earnest efforts of Mrs. Annie G. Pepper. One advantage that the association enjoys is, that old and 3'oung work together harmoniously. The young bring to it their youth, their helpfulness, their enthusiasm and their valuable assistance. The successful doll sales and May-basket sales are largely due to the labor and skill of these young ladies. They are also indispensable in the work of the schools. There are schools for study two evenings in the week. The average attendance about thirty-five. One sewing school for the younger children is held Saturday afternoon and one for the older girls in the evening. The number of the younger is thirty- five and of the older from fifteen to twenty. There is a self-constituted, self-conducted, free employment bureau at the rooms. Women in search of work and women who need service go almost instinctively to Miss Dunbar. There is also a lunch room for those who live too far from home to go there for a dinner. Here they as well as shoppers can tind quiet and rest. 384 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Many a family has been made comfortable from second-hand clothing obtained from the rooms as a center of distribution. This is given where evidently needed, or sold at a very low price. The library, from its small beginning, has been gradually enlarged, by individual gifts, by library fees, by contributions from other organizations and by the addition of the well-selected Bank Library, till it now numbers three thousand volumes and has a card catalogue prepared entirely by the generous labor of Mrs. Mary Smith Philbrick. An interesting feature of the last year's work has been the Mother's Meeting held in the rooms from four to five, on Sun- day where talks of great value have been given by some of the ablest members of the association. The present number of the association is two hundred sixty-three. In the winter of eighteen ninety-two the Women's Literary Club was organized as a branch of the Woman's -Association and under the same officers. It now has officers of its own, but remains closely affiliated to the association. The membership is not limited and those who join are interested in both. The number of members for the last year was one hundred forty- nine. The different objects of the association are closely in touch with each other. Each has its individuality but in all there is unanimity of purpose. The fifteenth milestone marks a somewhat uneventful year, but steady, quiet work goes on under the excellent leadership of Mrs. Clara E. Bessey, who has held the office of n-esident of the association for ten years. She accepts and performs the duties of the place with ability, couraP'e and untiring service. Mrs. J. W. Black has been the capable vice-president and valuable helper for five years. Miss Florence Plaisted is the successor to Miss Blaisdell as treasurer and brings to the association all that is implied in the words, an interested worker. Miss Frances F. Dunbar, the general secretary, is eminently fitted not for the place but for the places she fills. She is often weary but never disheartened or discouraged. Her genial good temper, her cheerfulness, her sincere interest in the unfortunate, her tireless industry, her ready sympathy, her tactful skill in dealing with women and girls, and her love for the work make HISTORY OF WATfiRVILLE. 385 her services invaluable. Miss Arra Pike is the careful, com- petent recording secretary, who does not limit her duty to this work alone. There are scores of others equally loyal and devoted to the wel- fare of the association, who hold up the hands of the officers and help make the Waterville Woman's Association a growing and important feature of the city's influence in carrying on the legiti- mate work of the times. 25 CHAPTER XVIIl. THE WATERVILLE FREE LIBRARY. By EsTELi.E Foster Eaton. The library history of Waterville antedates even that of the town. Some eigfht months before \\'aterville was set off from Winslow, Mr. Reuben Kidder bought of Caleb Bingham of Bos- ton, a large bill of books for the "Winslow Library."' The pur- chase included one hundred and seventeen volumes. Among the authors represented were Hunter, Blair, Shakespeare, Hume, Smollett, Robertson, Goldsmith, Franklin and others. Fiction had small place although a certain "Beggar Girl" occupied three volumes and "A Fool of Quality," three volumes more. The books cost $162.25 with a discount of ten per cent. Sixty-five dollars were paid in cash and Abijah Smith, Elnathan Sherwin, William Phillips and James AIcKim gave their note of hand in behalf of the proprietors of said library (they being a committee chosen for that purpose) for the sum of eighty-one dollars and three cents. The books were received November 28, 1801 and put into circulation marked "The Waterville Social Library." How long the circulation continued is not known, but the books were finally left in Mr. Smith's hands, possibly in payment for the note which he had signed. When the "Ticonic Division, Sons of Temperance" started a library here thev were allowed the use of the books, but with the downfall of that institution the books reverted to the Smith family. Mr. Wallace B. Smith has in his possession the original bill and receipt for the books above referred to as a large part of the library.' It is his suggestion 1. See chapter ot docaments. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 387 that when the Free Library Building is completed, "The Water- ville Social Library," the first of Waterville's many libraries find fitting home within its walls. The history of the library movement in Waterville would be signally incomplete without full mention of the Waterville Library Association, which was organized in March, 1873 Prior to this time, there had been circulating libraries in the bookstores ; one of the earliest being that of William Hastings, bookseller, piinter and publisher of the Waterville Intelligencer, who opened a circulating library of well-selected books in 1826, and continued the same for two years. Of still later date was the one kept by Edward Mathews, in the Mathews bookstore, nearly sixty years ago, and sold by him to Charles K. Mathews, who carried it on until 1874. It was March, 1873, that, the Waterville Library Association was formed, with Solyman Heath as president. The call for the first meeting was signed by A. A. Plaisted, Henry S. Burrage, F. E. Heath, R. Foster, G.' S. Palmer, P. S. Heald, A. Crosby, C. H. Redington, I. S. Bangs, Jr., J. O. Skinner, S. Heath, Nath. Meader, Edward W. Hall, Edw. G. Meader, J. H. Plaisted, W. B. Arnold, N. R. Boutelle, F. C. Thayer, S. C. Marston, E. R. Drummond. Payment of the annual fee of three dollars, constituted one a member of the association, and the money thus raised was expended for books. Through the courtesy of the directors, the library found its home in the Ticonic Bank, where it remained for twenty-six years, during which time Mr. A. A. Plaisted acted as librarian and secretary, assisted within the last few years by the Misses Helen and Emily Plaisted, Miss Helen Meader and Miss Elden, now Mrs. Mathews. The friends of the association were loyal to it, and all the services were freely rendered. After the opening of the Free Public Library, the list of sub- scribers was very small, and in February, 1900, this library of fifteen hundred volumes passed into the hands of the Woman's Association. In 1883 there was left to the city by the will of William H. Arnold, a former resident of Waterville, the sum of five thousand dollars for a public library ; provided that the city should, within 388 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. the year, raise an equal sum. The condition was not fulfilled and the money reverted to the heirs. Early in 1896, the women of Waterville, whose attention had been called 10 the matter by Mrs. Lillian Hallock Campbell, began to interest themselves in a movement to secure a free pub- lic library for Waterville. While the library of the Woman's Association, and the Bank Library, so called, supplied many, there were a great number of people who were not reached by them, and it was hoped that the agitation would result in some- thing both permanent and adequate. During the two weeks preceding the first meeting, Mrs. Camp- bell called personally upon over fifty women, asking their co-operation. From Mrs. G. D. B. Pepper was received the first oflfer of assistance ; while of the men, Mr. Simon S. Brown was the first to become intere.sted. On the evening of Februarj- 13, some of the representative women of the city met in the Ware Parlors and organized the Waterville Library Association, with the following officers : President, Mrs. Willard B. Arnold ; vice-presidents, Mrs. T. J. Volentine, Miss Lovering, Mrs. F. C. Thayer, Miss McLain, Mrs. Berry; secretary, Mrs. M. D. Johnson; treasurer. Miss Bessie Stevens ; committee on ways and means, Mrs. Pulsifer, Mrs. H. D. Bates, Mrs. F. B. Hubbard ; executive committee, Mrs. F. A. Lovejoy, Mrs. G. D. B. Pepper, Mrs. George A. Alden ; school committee, Miss Hortense Low, Miss Mary Abbott; press committee, Mrs. R. W. Dunn, Airs. G. A. Camp- bell, Mrs. J. D. Taylor ; information committee, Mrs. S. S. Brown, Mrs. J. F. Percival, Mrs. Edward Ware. Public interest was aroused. Among the first to express this interest in a substantial form were Redington and Company, M. C. Foster, W. M. Lincoln and W. B. Arnold. As these con- tributions were unsolicited, it vi'as very gratifying to those who had the matter in hand. Other gifts followed which showed that the movement met with approval. The women now called to their aid the citizens of Waterville. The incorporators met in the Ware Parlors on the evening of March 25, S. S. Brown presiding. S. S. Brown, Annie G. Pep- per and T. J. Volentine reported a code of by-laws which in an HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. S^Q amended form was adopted. The Waterville Free Library Asso- ciation was then organized, with the following officers : President, The Mayor, Edmund F. Webb, ex-officio: vice- president, Charles F. Johnson; secretary, Frank B. Hubbard, treasurer, Horatio D. Bates; trustees for one year, Simon S. Brown, Harvey D. Eaton ; two years, Annie G. Pepper, Prof. A. L. Lane ; three years, Lillian Hallock Campbell, Rev. N. Char- land; four year's, Mrs. Willard B. Arnold, Frank Redington; elected by the Board of Trade, Elwood T. Wyman ; by the city, Arthur J. Roberts, W. M. Lincoln, Horatio D. Bates. Mass meetings were held in City Hall, at which speeches were made in favor of the movement. As a direct result of the first meeting, shelves were set up in the law office of Harvey D. Eaton, and contributions of books called for. Mr. Eaton gave from his own library about forty volumes, and to these were added others, while Redington and Company kindly donated a table. These books were free to all ; and until the library was opened in August, were publicly cir- culated. The public was informed on April 7, 1896, that the Waterville Free Library was organized and ready to receive contributions. Pledge cards were placed in the banks, drug stores and leading grocery stores ; the city was assigned by wards to members of the association, and every effort made to raise funds for the purchase of books. By May 12, eleven hundred dollars had been raised by personal solicitation and by pledge cards. This, with the five hundred dollars appropriated by the city, constituted the first working fund of the library. The book purchasing committee, composed of Prof. Lane, Mrs. Campbell, Elwood T. Wyman, Harvey D. Eaton and Horatio D. Bates, proceeded at once to select the "foundation books" of the library, a task of no small importance. Lists were carefully prepared from various catalogues ; the wis- dom of the committee being demonstrated by the librarian's report of the first year, which showed, that the library opened with 433 books; increased, during the year, to 1,250; while the out put for the year had been 15,504. A room in Plaisted Block was secured, and the library was opened to the public August 22, 1896, with Mrs. Agnes M. John- 390 HISTORY OF WATKRVILLE. son as librarian. ?*Iuch credit is due to ^ilrs. Johnson for her untiring devotion to the interests of the library. In 1898 it was moved to its present quarters in the Haines Building. The librarian's report for May, 1902 shows that the number of volumes accessioned is 3,088 ; the circulation for the year ending May 16, 1902, being 20,692. There has been a gradual decrease in the circulation of fiction ; while the reference work in connec- tion with the schools, is constantly and rapidly increasing. The history of the library is very largely one of ways and means. It has received from the city each year an appropriation of five hundred dollars, increased for the year 1902, to one thousand dollars, and from the State, fifty dollars, an amount supposed to cover the running expenses ; although as a matter of fact it has not. Beyond this, it is dependent for its support upon vol- untary contributions. Various entertainments have been given to raise money for the purchase of books. The concert given in August, 1898. by friends of the library, resulted in a gift of two hundred forty-two dollars and fifty cents, two hundred dollars being set aside as a nucleus for a building fund. This concert was made possible through the efiforts of Mrs. Frederic E. Boothby of Portland, who has shown her interest in Waterville in many ways. No expense whatever was incurred ; the artists, Mrs. Antonia Saw- yer, Miss Harriet Shaw, harpist. Miss Alice Philbrook, pianist, and Miss Blanche Smith, accompanist, giving their services at the request of Mrs. Boothby. All other arrangements were made by Mrs. Willard B. Arnold who was equally successful in securing assistance. Mrs. Arnold has been identified with the library from the very first, and whenever its interests are involved is an indefatigable worker. Aside from Redington and Company, M. C. Foster, W. M. Lincoln and W. B. Arnold, who were the first to offer aid, gifts of over fifty dollars have been received from Geo. K. Boutelle, Carrol W. Abbott, Hollingsworth& Whitney Co., Lockwood Com- pany, L. H. Soper and Company, and William T. Haines. These, increased by the smaller sums contributed at various times, have maintained the library for six years. No one, per- HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. 391 haps, has siiown greater interest than Mr. Haines, who lias given freely both time and money. Among those who have given largely of books are Mrs. F. E. Boothby, J. D. Danielson, Cyrus W. Davis, Charles H. Alden, George Maxham, L. Dunbar, Mrs. Pulsifer, F. A. Davies, and Miss Alice Getchell. They have been ably seconded by the clubs of the city ; the Saturday Club being the first to respond to the need. The Salmagundi Club, a whist club of thirty-two women, imposes upon its members a small sum at each meeting. The money thus raised, is expended in books which are given to the library. Two hundred and twenty-five books have been received from this club during the last three winters. A gift of fourteen books was received from the Catholic Sodality Society, a relig- ious society made up of English-speaking young women from the church of St. Francis de Sales, whose pastor, Rev. Charland, has shown great interest in the doings of the library. In 1902 the members of the Woman's Literary Club raised by a personal canvas of the citizens, three hundred and eighty dol- lars for the purchase of books. Miss Fryatt and Miss Dunbar, during that same year, received from the sale of a doll forty-six and a half dollars which was given for the purchase of current fiction. In December, igoi, Mr. Elwood T. Wyman, superintendent of schools for Waterville, recognizing the value of the library as an aid to the school system, wrote to Mr. Andrew Carnegie, in an attempt to interest him in a public library building. Nearly a year before this, Mrs. Annie G. Pepper had written Mr. Car- negie upon the same subject. In February, 1902, Mrs. Willard B. Arnold was instructed by the trustees of the library to write to Mr. Charles Haviland ; to see if he could secure from Mr. Carnegie a gift, upon the same terms granted by him to other towns. After making inquiries of Mr. Wyman as to the need of the town, which he satisfactorily answered, Mr. Carnegie, through his secretary, notified Martin E. Blaisdell, Mayor, that he would give to the city of Waterville twenty thousand dollars ($20,000) for a library building, if a site be provided and two thousand 392 HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. dollars ($2,000) appropriated for each year, for the support of the library. The offer was accepted, and thus, through the generosity of Mr. Carnegie, will be realized the dream of those, who for six years have had the interests of the library most at heart. The Waterville Free Library has passed through the stage of experiment, to become an established factor in the life of the city. With the completion of the City Hall, the thought of the people will naturally turn towards the library and the building in which it is to be housed. It should be kept well in mind that "nothing is more deadly to institutional life than the complacent theory that a library such as this has achieved its ends and has nothing reserved for its future but a strict observance of economy and maintenance of established routine." The growth of the library from the city appropriation alone must of necessity be slow. With so great a need as an incentive to individual giving it can be confidently expected, that the growth will not be merely commensurate with the appropriation, but with the public spirit of the citizens of Waterville, whose city is their pride. CHAPTER XIX. THE PRESS OF WATERVILLE. By HfiNRY C. Prince, Editor of the Waterville Mail. The history of the press of Waterville is a very important part of the history of the city : in fact, from the files of the papers that have been published here, a very respectable history of the city could be obtained. The growth of the publishing business of Waterville since the establishment of the first paper in 1823, was rather slow until the founding of what is now the Waterville Mail in 1847, but since that time it has kept pace with the other industries of the town. One curious fact to the newspaper reader of to-day who examines the files of the earlier papers, is that there was no local news whatever in them. They were all of a literary char- acter, their articles being principally selections from those books "which everybody talks about but which nobody reads," and outside of the advertising columns the name of a resident of Waterville was hard to find. It was well along in the sixties before even the Mail began to pay much attention to local affairs. In the space allotted to this chapter, only the briefest sketch possible can be given. The writer is indebted to Professor William Mathews of Boston for some of the information con- cerning the papers with which he was connected, and to Libra- rian E. W. Hall of Colby College for access to the library. WATERVILLE INTELLIGENCER. The Waterville Intelligencer, a five-column, four page paper, was the first newspaper printed in Waterville. The first num- ber was issued May 23, 1823, William Hastings being the editor and publisher. Mr. Hastings also had a book store and a circu- 394 HISTORY OF WATEKVII.I.E. lating library which was a great boon to the people of the village at that time. The office was first opened in the building afterward occupied by a Mr. Baker as a barber shop. The first sheet was struck off by John Burleigh, a trader in the village, who had learned the printer's trade in New Hampshire, and Asa Dalton, who volun- teercfl for that occasion to beat the type form with the old fash- ioned ink balls, for Mr. Burleigh to pull. The office was after- ward moved to a building occupying the site covered by that now occupied by Mrs. Bonne as a store. The Intelligencer was published in the interests of the Baptist denomination, under the patronage of the college, whose officers had been instrumental in establishing a printing office in the town. The paper contained no local news whatever. The last number of the paper was issued November 6, 1828, the subscription list having been sold to Rev. Adam Wilson, proprietor of Zion's Advocate, the first number of which was to be issued in Portland, Tuesday, November 11, 1828. That newspaper accounts were as difficult to collect then as now is evidenced by the fact that Mr. Hastings closed an earnest appeal to subscribers in arrears with, "I am persuaded that all who have any bowels of compassion will attend to the above rea- sonable request." THE WATCH M.\N. In the last few issues of the Intelligencer there appeared in the advertising columns "Proposals for publishing in Waterville a weekly newspaper entitled The Watchman." This, according to the prospectus, was to be a "political paper." The first number was issued December 11, 1828, and was the same size as the Intelligencer, except that the columns were a little wider. This paper, "a political, literary and miscellaneous journal of the times" was started by Mr. Hastings partly as an experiment and partly to keep the office employed during the closing up of the old business. The Watchman had but a small list of subscribers and lived only fifty-six weeks, the last number being issued Wednesday, December 30, 1829. Mr. Hastings then removed his office to Augusta, where he ran a job office for several years. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 395 THE TIMES. A Whig paper, called The Times, was the next one in the field, the first number appearing in June, 1831. It was published by Mr. John Burleigh, James Stackpole, Jr., being the political editor. The paper lived about two years and three months. THE WATERVILLE JOURNAL. The next paper to appear was The Waterville Journal, also published by Air. Burleigh. This was a non-sectarian, religious paper of eight pages. Its publication was commenced in Decem- ber, 1833, at the instance of the officers and friends of Waterville College, and with promise of assistance in the editorial depart- ment from some of the older students, and also in securing sub- scribers, but these promises not being fully met, the paper was discontinued at the end of the first volume. This was the first paper in Waterville on which composition rollers were used, the others having been printed with the old-fashioned ink balls. A manual labor department having been established at the college, the old Ramage press of Mr. Burleigh, with his other printing material, was purchased and set up in one of the work- shops on the ground. Some friend of the institution in Massa- chusetts contributed an iron hand-press, and perhaps some type. Job printing in a small way was done for a while in this office by Mr. Edgar H. Gray, a graduate of the class of '38, who had entered college a practical printer. An old catalogue of the col- lege library bears his imprint. This office, with the exception of the old Ramage press, was soon sold to Geo. V. Edes, and taken to Dover. THE NORTH AMERICAN GALAXY. Saturday, March 15, 1834, appeared the first number of "The North American Galaxy, or Watervillonian Revived." F. B. Wells and W. Mathews, editors ; Daniel R. Wing, printer. This was a four-page semi-monthly journal, devoted to "tales, essays, music, biography, poetry, anecdotes, etc." and lasted for four issues. As its title indicated, it succeeded a little sheet called The Watervillonian, spoken of in another paragraph. 396 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. THE WATERVU-LONIAN. After a lapse of about eight years, The Watervillonian, a quarto of eight pages, followed The Journal, the first number appearing May 29, 1841. This was a literary and family journal, published by William Mathews, (now of Boston, and distin- guished in the field of literature) and Daniel R. Wing, and was published one year. Tn a letter to the writer Prof. William Mathews gives the following brief history of the The Water- villonian : 'Tt began with four hundred subscribers ; a list which, by fill- ing its columns to a large extent with elegant extracts from old and modem English writers, from Chaucer to Carlyle, the editor succeeded in cutting down in twelve months to two hundred and fifty. With the exception of the commendation of the students in the college and a few men of literary tastes, the first assurance the publishers received that the paper was giving satisfaction to its readers was a general outburst of praise when, from a sheer lack of pure literature, a full account of Colt's murder in New York was published in its columns. To the great surprise of the publishers they found at the year's end that, as a reward for their labors, there was the sum of $600 to be divided between them." The Watervillonian was published in the third story of Boutelle block. Main street, and took its name from a boyish venture of Messrs. ]\Iathews and Wing in 1832, when they pub- lished for eight issues a little four-page sheet under the same title. THE YANKEE BLADE. In June, 1842, The Watervillonian, which had been printed on an old Ramage press bought of Waterville College for twelve dollars, was succeeded by a handsome folio, The Yankee Blade, printed from new type on a fine Tufts press. William Mathews was editor and proprietor, and Mr. Wing became foreman of the prmting department. Edward Mathews, (afterward murdered by Dr. Coolidge) was soon taken into partnership by his brother and the paper published one year in Waterville by W. and E. Mathews at the southwest corner of Main and Silver streets, in a large two-story building, which had been built for a dwelling HISTOKY OF WATERVILLE. 39/ house by Col. Jabez Mathews. In the same building a book store was kept by Mr. Mathews, also a law office. In August, 1843, the interest of the junior partner was purchased by Moses Stevens of Hallowell, and the establishment moved to Gardiner. Four years later the paper went to Boston, and was merged with "The Portfolio." After the removal of The Blade, Waterville was witiiout a printing office until the fall of 1844, when John S. Carter, a Ban- gor publisher, came in and occupied the field with a job office until the excitement preliminary to the building of the Andros- coggin and Kennebec Railroad seemed to demand a paper once more. THE W.\TERVILLE UNION. In April, 1847, Charles F. Hathaway began the publication of The Waterville Union, now the Waterville Mail. This was a well- printed sheet, neutral in politics, but owing mainly to the stringent rules adopted and enforced regarding the payment of subscriptions and for advertisements, was not well sustained by the public, and Mr. Hathaway gave up the enterprise after a trial of fourteen weeks. THE WATERVILLE MAIL. Ephraim Maxham, who had had journalistic experience in Alassachusetts and Vermont, then purchased The Union plant, changed the name of the paper and July 19, 1847, issued from the third story of Boutelle block the first number of The Eastern Mail, the title of which was changed September 4, 1863, to the more distinctive local name that it bears to-day, The Waterville Mail. Mr. Maxham was not only a ready writer, who kept his paper a clean local journal, but a practical printer and The Eastern Mail began a vigorous growth. The original inventory of the office as made out by Mr. Hath- away, is in possession of the present proprietors of The Mail, and shows that the plant cost $571.47, and was sold to Mr. Maxham for $475.00. New material to the amount of $89.50 was added during the next two years, at the end of which time, Daniel R. Wing, who had been employed on the paper and who had been connected in some capacity with every paper published 398 HISTORY OK WATERVILLE. in Watcrville, except The Union, purchased a half interest, and the firm of JMaxham & V.'ing, from that date, played an import- ant part in the history and development of Waterville. Mr. Wing had a warm love for Waterville, and one of the secrets of the success of his paper was his interest in its citizens and the graduates of college and academy, and the vigilance with which he watched and informed his readers of every one's change of residence, and of every indication of his success and pros- perity. He was an antiquarian, and his local sketches made a valuable feature of the paper. Tlie paper took no party position until the presidential contest of 1856, when it advocated the election of Gen. Fremont. It was "independent in polities'' for many years, but later endorsed the principles of the Republican party which political faith it retains at the present time. The Waterville Mail, under Maxham & Wing, was an earnest advocate of everything that promised to be of aid to the town, whether materially or morally. Mr. Maxham was a man of strong individuality, and independence of character, eager to help every good cause. He was one of the old-fashioned printers and used to stand at the case and put in type his articles without tak- ing the trouble to write them. The historical articles which Mr. Wing compiled in the later years of his life, have proved very valuable to those looking up the history of Waterville. These were two of the most useful citizens the town ever had. Messrs. Maxham & Wing ran the paper until the death of ]\Ir. Wing, December 2, 1885. Mr. Maxham continued the business, although feeble from illness, until January i, 1886, when the plant was purchased by Charles G. Wing and Daniel F. Wing, who took the firm name of Wing & Wing. The plant was at once enlarged and brought up to date by the purchase of new type and material and a fine cylinder press, the first one to be set up in Waterville. The paper was enlarged and improved typographically, and in its news features, and became one of the best local weeklies in the State. The junior partner, Daniel F. Wing, died March 21, 1891, and Charles G. Wing published the paper until April 17 of the same year, when it was purchased by Henry C. Prince of Buckfield, HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 399 and Ehvood T. Wyman of Sidney, who did business under the firm name of Prince & Wyman, until the incorporation of The Mail Publishing Company, February 26, 1896. Charles B. Davis acquired an interest in the business at this time, but severed his connection two years later to accept the position of city marshal. Early in the year 1806, the form of The Mail was changed from a nine-column folio to a six-column quarto, and the day of publication made Wednesday instead of Friday. THE W.\TERVILLE SENTINEL. In 1880 The Mail had its first competitor in The Water ville Sentinel, the first number of which appeared from the third story of the building of which Wardwell Brothers now occupy the ground floor, Wednesday, December i. This was a seven column folio published by M. A. Leger and E. O. Robinson. In their "Greeting" the publishers said, "We do not propose to crowd others out by crowding ourselves in, but to find a place or make one." That these gentlemen had complete faith in the growth and prosperity of Waterville, is shown by this extract from their first editorial : "Without claiming any prophetic power we see in the near future our beautiful village, with its magnificent water power, energetic business men, its unrivalled educational institutions and other elements of success, outgrow its present limits and develop into city proportions and dignities. We desire to share its growth and aid as far as possible." In February, 1881, the publication day was changed to Friday. Mr. Leger did not stay with the paper long and March 18, 1881, R. O. Robbins became the editor, and in September of that year, a member of the firm. The Waterville Printing Company. On December 30, 1881, the paper was enlarged to eight columns, and February 16, 1883, the form was changed to a five column eight-page paper. In October of 1883, Mr. Robbins gave up the business and December 5, 1883, Vol. IV, No. i, the paper came out with J. D. Maxfield, editor and proprietor, from room 20, Dunn block. Mr. Maxfield in the following month changed back to the eight- column folio. 400 HISTORY OF WATKKVII.LE. In Alay, 1884, the plant was purchased by Moore & ^loore, who changed the day of publication to Saturday and published their first number Saturday, May 31. O. M. Moore was editor and L. A. Moore business manager. October 16 of the same year, the day was changed to Thursday. June 17, 1885, L. A. Moore withdrew and the business was continued by his brother until October of the same year, when Arthur W. Hall of Rockland bought a half interest in the busi- ness, the firm being Moore & Hall. Mr. Hall was a first-class job printer and during his connection with the paper made a specialty of that branch of the business. Moore & Hall dissolved April 12, 1886, Moore's interest going to Hon. O. G. Hall, whose son already had a half-interest. Herbert M. Lord, Colby, '84, became the editor until December of the same year when he purchased an interest in the Rockland Courier-Gazette. O. G. Hal! then took the editorial chair where he remained until May, 1890. In October, 1895, the plant then located in the second story of Gilman block was sold to Samuel Appleton Burleigh, Colby, '94, of Vassalboro. Mr. Burleigh improved the equipment of the office somewhat and with the issue of February 13, 1896, changed the paper to a six-column quarto form which it retains. In December of the same year, Mr. Burleigh changed the paper to a semi-weekly, Tuesdays and Fridays, but soon found that it did not pay and April 16, 1897, the paper was published again as a weekly with Friday as the day of publication. November 12, 1897, a department in French was made a feature of the paper. This was edited and compiled by Dr. A. O. Boulay, but in December of that year was given up. February 23, 1898, W. M. Ladd of Fairfield bought the plant and November 1 1 of the same year, the business was incorporated under the name of W. M. Ladd Company. November 2a. the plant was moved to the Haines building on Common street. In December, 1898, the firm began the publication of three country weeklies: The Clinton Herald, The Vassalboro Times, The China Tribune. January 4, 1899, a linotype machine was installed, followed by a second one in December, 1901. A web perfecting press was added to the plant in October, 1899. In HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 4OI December, the company were re-organized and the capital stock increased to $100,000. W. M. Ladd, H. C. Ladd and A. J. Ladd hold the stock. THE KENNEBEC DEMOCRAT. Waterville's third local paper appeared Wednesday, February 2. 1887, in the shape of a nine-column folio sheet styled The Kennebec Democrat. "Ben" Bunker, as he was familiarly called, was an unique character, and published a paper as unique as himself as the following extracts from his "salutatory" will indi- cate. "Custom has decreed that when a man has become a financial wreck and desires to rid himself of friends, increase the number of his enemies, and advertise his faults to a cold, tmfeeling public, by publishing a newspaper, he shall give to his readers his views, politically and otherwise, make the usual promise to behave as well as his depraved nature will allow, give four dollars' worth of reading matter for half the money, confess his hopes and fears, expecting to be greeted with jour- nalistic yelps in the shape of back-handed compliments from his esteemed contemporaries, and be criticized by his very near and dear friends who were not consulted." As a profession of faith the editor stated that "The Kennebec Democrat will be Demo- cratic seven days in the week, hot or cold, sunshine or darkness." J\lr. Bunker then went on to state his belief in the prosperity of Waterville and to prophesy that the handsome village would soon be numbered among the cities of the State. One of the fea- tures of The Democrat were the frequent venomous attacks on various citizens who disagreed with the editor politically, and the use of cuts, whittled out with a jack-knife by Mr. Bunker himself, to caricature his victims. Mr. Bunker ran the paper until his death, March 8, 1894, after which it was run for three months by F. Wilbur Brown, who had been connected with the ofiSce for several years, when it was sold to Augusta parties and moved to that city and the name changed to The Maine Democrat. 26 402 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. THE EASTERN KAKMEK. In September. 1887, The Home Farm establishment was moved from Augusta and the name of the paper changed to The Eastern Farmer, Wing, Burleigh & Co., proprietors, S. L. Board- man, editor. The Farmer was an eight page, six column, agri- cultural paper published monthly at The Mail office. The firm was composed of Hon. Hall C. Burleigh, Charles G. Wing, and Daniel F. Wing. The paper lost money steadily, and April 19, 1888, the list was sold to The I.ewiston Journal, only thirty num- bers having been issued. THE SAWYER PUBLISHING COMPANY. In May, 1892, George Fred Terry started a publishing busi- ness that in a very few years grew to immense proportions and has very materially increased the business prosperity of Water- ville. The business began with the publication of the Fireside Gem, a monthly paper belonging to the class of what is known as Mail Order papers. Mr. Terry purchased the paper in Port- land and the equipment on the start, according to Mr. Terry was "one room in Masonic block, two tables, and a right to pub- lish 'The Fireside Gem.' " The mechanical work was done by outside parties. In November, 1892, the business was incorporated under the name of The Sawyer Publishing Company and a little later was moved into the upper floor of Hayden block on Temple street and some printingmaterial and a two-revolution flat-bed press put in. The business grew steadily and in the winter of 1894- 1895 ''^"^ company purchased the subscription list of a paper published in Boston and known as "The American Nation.'' Shortly after the plant was moved into the lower floor of the Milliken building so-called, on the east side of Main street, next to the Maine Cen- tral railroad crossing. In 1896 the small press was taken out and the first web-perfecting press installed. 1 he following year, 1S96, a third paper, "The Home Treasury," was purchased and the whole of the building occupied. This same year the land and buildings on Chaplin street between the IMaine Central railroad and Ticonic street were purchased, and the business was moved HISTORV OF WATERVILLE. 4O3 there in the summer of 1898. Two years later the building npw occupied was built. The building is 45x90 feet, two stories and a basement, practically amounting to a three-story building, and the whole of it is used for the business, as well as a part of the old building. In the winter of 1900-1901, the present fast per- fecting press was installed. This press has a capacity of 20,000 thirty-two page papers an hour. The growth of the business in the ten years it has been estab- lished, has been almost marvelous. At present more than 100 people are given regular employment and the pay roll exceeds $50,000 a year. The circulation has grown from 25,000 copies per month to more than 1,600,000 copies per month, a special mail car being dispatched every working day. THB TURF, FARM AND HOMfi. The Turf, Farm and Home was removed to this city from Auburn, where it was established as an organ of the horse breeders of Maine. The first issue to appear in this city was published June i, 1894, the office being established in the first floor of the Dunn block. Soon after coming here the paper widened its scope and added a department devoted to dairying, employing Otis Header of Albion as dairy editor, and soon after added a poultry department with Geo. P. Coffin of Freeport, a well-known poultry fancier, as editor of that department. Later a iiousehold department was added and all these departments are being energetically maintained so that today the paper is an all round agricultural journal occupying a very important part in the discussion of the leading agricultural topics of the day and its scope of usefulness is constantly being v.'idened. The paper is owned and published by the Turf Publishing Company, Mr. A. R. Cobb of Portland being president and Mr. E. P. Mayo, editor and business manager. WATERVII.LE EVENING MAIL. In the winter of 1895-96, the proprietors of The Waterville Mail came to the conclusion that the time was ripe for a daily paper in Waterville, and on January 29, 1896, the first number of the Waterville Evening Mail appeared, and it has been pub- 404 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. lished regularly since. The Evening Mail is a four-page, seven- column sheet and, while giving briefly the news of the world, makes no pretension to be anything but a local paper for Water- ville and near-by towns. The proprietors have steadily added to the equipment of the office, this including large quantities of new type and material, an electric motor, a folder, and in 1901, a type-setting machine, with a complete new dress of type. The circulation of the paper has taken no remarkable jumps, but has increased a little every j-ear, and with the excellent advertising patronage, both local and foreign, has put the paper on a solid foundation of prosperity that promises to continue THE CLIFTON MONTH I. V. This mail order paper was started in July, 1899, by Leo C. Fuller, who sold it in March, 1901, to the Waterville Publishing Company. Mr. Fuller bought back the paper in January, 1902, and now claims a paid-up subscription list of 10,000 to 12,000 names. The size of the paper varies from sixteen to twenty-four pages, according to the season of the year, the larger size being used during the winter months. Mr. Fuller has no printing plant, the mechanical work being done by outside parties. THE CHRISTIAN CIVIC LEAGUE RECORD. The first issue of The Christian Civic League Record was published September, 1900. The Record is a monthly paper and is the organ of the Christian Civic League. Its purpose is according to its constitution, "by all the means at our command and by co-operation with other existing agencies, ist, to educate the people in all that pertains to good citizenship ; 2nd, to arouse and maintain throughout the State a reverence for law ; 3d, to secure the enactment of the best possible laws; their impartial execution, and the choice of competent officials to that end." The paper is non-partisan, non-denominational. HISTORY OK WATERVirXE. 405 THE ICONOCLAST. The Iconoclast was the name of a semi-monthly paper of four pages with seven columns to the page, which was started Novem- ber 15, 1900, by Mr. J. H. McCone of this city. The Iconoclast was independent in politics and was one of the first papers to suggest re-submission of the prohibitory constitutional ammend- ment. The paper was given over to the support of license; attacked the methods of the Christian Civic League in the enforce- ment of the prohibitory law ; indulged in editorial comment that was forceful if not elegant and died as its editor expected it would, in its infancy. The circulation of the Iconoclast was chiefly among the enemies of the prohibitory law and politicians and reached i,ooo. Mr. McCone started the paper for personal reasons without suggestion from any person and having no financial backing the life of the paper was limited by the amount of cash the proprietor could secure between issues. The Icono- clast closed its career with the seventh number. COLLEGE AND SCHOOL PAPERS. The Colby Echo, formerly published monthly, but for the past four years, weekly, is published by the students of Colby college during the school year. The Coburn Clarion is published twice each term by the stu- dents of Cobum Classical Institute. The Nautilus is published by the students of the Waterville High school. The Colby Oracle ought not to be omitted from a list of Waterville publications. It has now made thirty-six annual appearances, and a file of its numbers contains a pretty com- plete record of events of interest in the college years, and that is what a newspaper prints. The Oracle had predecessors in its field, among them the Watervillian, of which a few numbers were printed. CHAPTER XX. OTHER ORGANIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS. The Waterville Young Men's Christian Association — The Stevens Hospital — The Woman's Christian Temperance Union — The Kiest Business College— Hall's Military Band— The Cecilia Club— Garfield Camp No. i. Sons of Veterans — Co. H, Second Regiment National Guard, State of Maine- The Waterville Bicycle Club— The Water- ville Gun Club. YOUNG men's CHKISTI.AN ASS0CI.\T10N. The Y. M. C. A. of Waterville was organized May 22, 1867, with Joshua Nye as president ; E. R. Drummond, C. F. Gardner and J. L. Towne, vice-presidents : Z. E. Taylor, corresponding secretary ; G. B. Broad, recording secretary ; Williatn Bodge, treasurer; A. M. Dunbar, librarian. About $Soo was immediately raised, and rooms in the Boutelle Block were leased, which were dedicated June 19, 1867. The association maintained religious meetmgs on Sunday and kept open a reading room during the week. At one time an evange- list was employed, and the meetings under his charge proved suc- cessful. After several years the work declined and the associa- tion closed its doors in 1875, having on hand a small balance in money which it finally turned over to its successor. In 1886 another association was formed, with Cyrus W. Davis as president. Rooms were opened in Boutelle Block as before. A well-stocked reading room was provided, and the religious meetings held were helpful and successful. In 1888 Mr. E. A. Pierce, who had had thorough preparation for his work, was em- ployed as secretary in charge. He remained two years, during which good work was done. A g^'mnasium was opened which HISTORY OP WATERVILLE. 4O7 proved popular, though it lacked some desirable features. Mr. Pierce resigned in 18S9 to accept a more important position, and Mr. Edmund W. Foster, who has served the association in many ways and with great loyalty, became acting secretary. In 1890 Mr. L. N. Tower became secretary. His successors have been G. A. Mathews, A. T. Craig, E. F. Hitchings, F. E. Libby and Rev. Gideon Mayo. Mr. Davis was succeeded by Mr. Frank B. Philbrick, who for inany years has been president, sparing neither time, labor or money for the good of the association. In addition to the relig- ious work of the association, classes have been maintained, those in mechanical drawing under President Philbrick proving espec- ially valuable, enabling some who have attended them to secure good positions. Since IQOO no general secretary has been employed, the reading room, which is now in Plaisted Block, being in charge of Mr. Edmund W. Foster. For many years efficient and valuable work was done by Mr. Henry L. Tappan as treasurer. The Ladies' Auxiliary has proved loyal and has aided the association in many ways. Even when little work was carried on by the association the auxiliary has persistently labored to furnish money for and to keep up interest in this important work. THE STEVENS HOSPITAL. April 16, 1901, Mrs. Anna W. Stevens, wife of Charles Stevens, who for some time had cared for patients at her home, leased the King residence, which afterward had been fitted for a hospital, on Boutelle avenue. She opened it as a home hospital, where patients could have private rooms and home attentions. Having the endorsement of the physicians of the city and the enthusiastic praise of her patients, Mrs. Stevens has made the hospital successful. Nearly one hundred patients have been cared for with the best results. The institution fills an important place in the city. So many people come here to work in the nianufacturies, on the railroad, or to attend school, whose homes are far away, there is great need of just such an institution as the Stevens Home Hospital. 408 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. THE woman's christian temperance union. In the year 1878 the women of Waterville were invited by Mrs. Sarah Girard Crosby to meet in the Congregational vestry to consider the formation of a Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Mrs. Crosby's enthusiasm proved contagious and a union was formed, of which Mrs. James H. Hanson became pres- ident and Mrs. S. G. Cro.sby secretary. Mrs. R. B. Dunn and others interested themselves in the work, which was carried on vigorously for about eight years. Then followed a period of eight years in which the society seemed dormant, though its members did not a little independent work. A third period of eight years began when Mrs. Crosby again called the women together in 1894 for the reorganization of the society. Mrs. Crosby was elected president and has held the office till the pres- ent time. She certainly was well qualified for the work. Of the Girard family of Pennsylvania, her grandfather was a brother of Stephen Girard, who founded Girard College. Mrs. Crosby for fifteen years had been stenographer to the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine, being the second woman in America to be appointed to such a position. She had done much reporting for Justices Appleton, Dickerson and Barrows, and reported the last term ever held by each of these celebrated men. For five years she had been stenographer to the Maine Board of Agricul- ture. Among the other workers was Mrs. E. E. Cain, who, as State organizer for Juvenile temples, had accomplished much for temperance. The union never has had a large membership, but has exerted its influence both independently and in the support of other temperance movements. It entertains the State Convention of the W. C. T. U. in September, 1902. Its present membership is forty-five. Its officers are, Mrs. S. G. Crosby, president ; re- cording secretary, Mrs. Marian H. Leslie, corresponding secre- tary, Mrs. Abbie J. Tubbs : treasurer, }ilrs. L. F. Boothby. the kiest business college. Tins institution is one of the latest additions to the educational equipment of the city, yet already many young men seeking pre- paration for business pursuits have availed themselves of its HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 409 resources. Its predecessors have been the Bliss Business College and the \N'aterville Business College. November 22, 1899, it was bought by Mr. Keist and the name changed to Kiest Business College. In 1902 it removed to fine quar- ters in the new Flood Block, which it now occupies. It offers different courses in stenography, commercial law and practice, and all matters involved in actual business. Since November, 1899, it has enrolled 243 students. HArr. ? MILITARY BAND. Very early in the history of Waterville the formalities of Commencement Day and the military exigencies of "muster" and "training" days made a brass band a necessity. That necessity was met as early as 1822, and bands have existed here from that time on. In 1890 Mr. R. B. Hall, who already had taken rank as one of the be.st cornetists in the State, and was favorably known as a composer of m.usic, came to Waterville. He organized the Waterville Military Band and Hall's Orchestra. These organ- izations were carefully trained and their work was very accepta- ble and popular. December 30, 1899, Mr. Cyrus W. Davis, who had shown his interest in the band in many ways, with other citizens who appreciated the value of the band to the city, formed a corpora- tion for "the establishing and maintaining in the city of Water- ville a band and orchestra." The incorporators were : Frank Redington.Dr. J. F. Hill, Cyrus W. Davis, C. F. Johnson, Geo. K. Boutelle, H. E. Judkins, R. B. Hall, F. C. Thayer, G. F. Terry, W. T. Haines and C. B. Stetson. The officers of the corporation were : President, Dr. J- F. Flill ; vice-president, Frank Reding- ton ; clerk, Cyrus \\\ Davis.; treasurer, Geo. K. Boutelle: man- ager, R. B. Hall. The corporation pays the salary of Prof. Hall and for the services of the members of the band and receives the earnings. It exi.sts. however, not for the purpose of making money, but for the support of a band that will be a credit to the city, as Hall's Military Band and orchestra certainly are. For several years the city has employed the band to give open air con- certs in Monument Park during the summer. The music ren- dered at the school and college commencements is of a high order, 4IO HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. and that rendered at the Centennial was much appreciated and enjoyed. Prof. Hall's reputation as conductor and composer has constantly widened, and the band has come to be an institution whicli the citv could not well do without. THE CECILIA CLVV. The Cecilia Club would record not as matter of boasting, but as plain statement of historical fact that it was not organized to join the Maine Festival Chorus, but was already in existence when the festival movement was inaugurated. It owes its existence to the persistent labors of Mrs. George F. Davies and Mrs. Frank B. Hubbard, who secured nineteen persons who were organized as the Cecilia Club, October 15, 1896. The officers elected were: W. C. Philbrook, president ; Elwood T. Wyman, vice-president ; Mrs. George F. Davies, secretary and treasurer. The directors were: Mrs. Frank B. Hubbard, Miss Ella Downer, ]\riss Susie Fogarty, Mrs. J- H. Knox and Mrs. George A. Kenniston. The club was small and heroic labors devolved upon its officers, yet such was their success that after joining the Maine Festival Chorus in January, 1897, and careful training under Prof. George Pratt Maxim, with a full chorus of eighty voices it sang in the Bangor Festival in October, 1897. During the same year two successful concerts were given. Prof. Carlton B. .Stetson became president of the club in 1898, continuing in efficient leadership until his resignation in 1902. Miss Nellie Webber (now Mrs. Dr. M. L. Eastman) was the first pianist. After her removal from the city, Mrs. Franklin W. Johnson was elected, and has already given three years of work characterized by sympathetic insight as well as accurate and brilliant per- formance. Prof. Maxim conducted the club for three seasons with great fidelity and success. His successor was Prof. Llew- ellyn B. Cain of this city, whose work and ability were such as to secure more flattering offers from Portland and other cities which led to his withdrawal. The present conductor is Dr. Latham True of Portland. The club has participated in each of the Maine Musical Festivals, and has given concerts in the city which have been greatly enjoyed. It has rendered aid on several patriotic occasions and its singing was one of the features of the HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 4II Centennial celebration. It has been fortunate in its officers and directors. Mrs. Davies who has given so much of thought and labor to its interests served as secretary until 1901 when ill health caused her to resign. A great deal of strength has been contri- buted to the club by its Fairfield members. The present mem- bership of the club is about eighty. Its officers are : president, vacant ; vice-president, Franklin W. Johnson ; secretary, Mr. Joseph T. Murray of Fairfield ; treas- urer, Miss Blanche Smith : conductor. Dr. Latham True pianist, Mrs. Franklin W. Johnson. Directors : Mrs. Frank B. Hubbard, Miss Ella Downer, Mrs. George F. Davis, Miss Eliza- beth Connor of Fairfield and Mrs. Edbert Kelley of Fairfield. The Cecilia club holds high place in the esteem of the people though perhaps it never will attain the popularity possessed by "The singing school kept at Col. ?Iayden's" in 1795. GARFIELD CAAIP, NO. I, SONS OF VETERANS. This camp has the distinction of being the first camp of the order organized in New England. It was organized by General Isaac S. Bangs who was the organizer of the New England grand division of the order. Its charter was granted Mar. 20, 18S8. Its object was similar to those of the Grand Army and though it cannot look back to comradeship in days of battle, yet by holding up the same ideals of patriotism, and keeping fresh the memory of those who gave the service of their lives to the Union, it will hold an important place among the patriotic forces of the future. The first captain of Garfield camp was Dennis M. Bangs, son of General Bangs. His successors have been, Lewis Pollard, Ellery Vose, J. D. Reynolds, E. B. Dunbar, Robert Reny, Joseph C. Colby, who has served several terms, James Coombs, Irving Barnes, Charles Frazier, Geo. B. Jackson and Frank W. Gowan. The present officers are: capt. Frank W. Gowan; ist lieut., vacant; 2nd lieut., Belmont Jordan; chaplain, T. E. Vose; q. m. sergt., W. J. Leathers ; ist. sergt., Charles W. Frost ; camp coun- cil, Herbert L. Simpson, Willard Tucker, T. E. Vose. The camp enrolls 51 men. A Ladies Aid society of Garfield camp No. I, society No. to, was chartered June 10, 1892. 412 HISTORY OF WATERV ILLE. COMPANY II, 2X1) RICGTMENT, NATIONAL GUAKD, STATE OF MAINE. Company H was organized Nov. lo, 1880. Capt. A. T. Shurt- leff was a charter member and has remained with the company through its entire history. Many of the men connected with it have become prominent in the civil life and work of the commu- nity. May 2nd, 1898, Co. H answered the first call for troops and went with a full company to Augusta. As the second regi- ment was not sent out Co. H as a company returned home but so many of its members enlisted in the first regiment and in the first Maine artillery that the company was almost disorganized. It has the honor of having sent more men into the Spanish and Philippine wars than did any other company in the State of Maine. Several of the men who enlisted did not reside in Water- ville but they belonged to the Waterville organization. The roll of the men who served in the Spanish war as given by Lieutenant William I. Sterling is as follows : /;; the First Maine Infantry — Laus Berg, Fred F. Burgess, George F. Doe, Forrest I. Oilman, Walter Hand, George W. Herrin, Irving R. Hughes, Joseph F. King, Axel Lidstrom, Edward R. Penney, Allen L. Penney, Trefflie Pomerleau, William I. Pooler, Ogra Pooler, Wirt I. Priest, Archie Simpson, Harold A. Sinclair, Elroy W. Thompson, John C. Tripp, Arthur F. Sheaff, John A. Sjogren, Henry L. Winslow. In the First Maine ArfiHery — Joseph T. Allen, Harley E. Avery, Benj. F. Auchu, Leon A. Bachelder, Alec Barnabee, Ernest A. Barnes, Richard J. Barry, Jr., Nelson Bennet, Joseph Butler, Henry E. Buzzell, Charles L. Cabana, Frank Charity, Mathias Champagne, Augustus Coomb, James J. Conway, Frank B. Crosby, Ralph W. Davis, James W. Dutton. Frank B. Farmer, Harry Fenson, William Ferguson, Ralph H. Foster, Joseph Franconer, Richard E. Furlong, Jr., LaForest E. Graves, Arthur Greenwood, Joseph A. Gurney, Fred E. Hall, Samuel J. Jakins, Charles W. Keniston, Harry P. Lancaster, Frank C. Latlip, Edward Lessor, Llewellyn M. Libby, Howard M. McFarland, William J. McLellan, Edmund W. Merrill, Albert F. Merrow, Thomas F. Moore, Frank F. Perry, David B. Pooler, Fred E. Pooler, Harry Pooler, Hadley D. Rhodes, Albert G. Ryan, Ardacton Smith, Onesime Soucier, \\ illiam I. Sterling, Herbert HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 413 A. Taylor, Daniel H. Thing', Albert J. Thomas, Joseph Vigue, Joseph D. Volier, Sargie L. Warren, Edward \Mllette. After the Spanish war about fifteen men of Co. H followed the flag in the Philippines. On the return of the men who had been furloughed to join the battery, the company was reunited and recruited to its full strength in 1899. Its drill has been in Thayer's hall but since the completion of the City hall the base- ment of the old City hall has been fitted up for an armory and drill will be in the main hall. The company was never in better condition than at present (1902). Capt. A. T. Shurtleff is now the senior captain in the National Guard, State of Maine. The other officers are: 1st lieut. Joseph H. White- house; 2nd lieut. William I. Sterling; 1st sergeant, Charles W. Keniston ; quarter master sergeant, Harry L. Hughes ; 2nd ser- geant, Horace E. Moore ; 3rd sergeant, John P. Sibley ; 4th ser- geant, Percy W. Hawes ; 5th sergeant, William O. Stinson ; 1st corporal, Herbert L. Simpson ; 2nd corporal, John L. Swift ; 3rd corporal, Perley A. Emery ; 4th corporal, Harry L. Gordon ; 5th corporal, John A. L. Terrio ; 6th corporal, William McKague ; 7th corporal and cook, Charles Cabana ; musicians, Geo. E. Dow, Arthur K. Strout. Corporal Perley A. Emery and others are already vet- erans of two wars and yet like all the members of Co. H are loyal soldiers of the National Guard. Co. H in 1900 won the first prize in the regimental shoot and thus the championship of the State. In the matter of rounds fired at preliminary practice it is far ahead of the other companies in the State. THE WATERVILLE BICYCLE CLUB. From the interest created by an invitation to the wheelmen of Waterville to participate in the parade on Columbus Day, 1892, sprang the Waterville Wheel club. The club was organized November 19, 1892, in Masonic block with eight charter mem- bers. The officers elected were A. B. Cook, president, F. B. Gardner, vice-president and H. E. Davidson, secretary and treas- urer. Of the charter members, only H. E. Davidson and F. B. Gardner remain, but the club membership has increased slowly but steadily from the first until now with nearly seventy members 414 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. it can claim to be the largest bicycle club in the State (with pos- sibly one exception). Orange and black were adopted as club colors and the orange and black monogram (W. B. C.) has became familiar to wheelmen all over the State. The club has very pleasant rooms occupying the whole of one floor of Boutelle block corner Main and Temple streets. These rooms are used for club business and social purposes but neither gambling nor liquors ever have been allowed within them. The present officers of the club are Leslie P. Loud, president, John Suttie, vice-presi- dent and captain, A. W. Stevens, secretary and C. F. Miller, treasurer.^ THE WATER\"ILLE GUN CLUB. The Waterville gun club was organized in 1892 by a few men who were fond of shooting, the first shoots of the club being held in Burleigh field where dwelling houses are now numerous. A club house was built on land of Frank Chase in the western part of the city the second year, and was later moved to the high hill on Drummond avenue, and later from there to its present location in the southern part of the city. The five-man team representing the club shot at the state tour- naments with indifferent success until 1897 when at Richmond it won the state championship. The team consisted of Sidney A. Green, Samuel L. Prebble, Walter E. Reid, Elwood T. Wyman and Andrew Merrill. The same team, with the substitution of Wesley Getchell for Merrill, defended the title in 1898, but lost to Auburn in 1899. In 1901, the Waterville team made up of Messrs. Green, Preble, Reid, William H. Stobie and Dana P. Foster, again won the championship of the State. The club has also furnished the State champion in the indi- vidual match three times, Walter E. Reid having won it once, and Samuel L. Preble twice. No other club in Maine has fur- nished so many shooters of acknowledged skill. The club officers are Samuel L. Preble, president, Dana P. Foster, secretary, and J. A. Davison, treasurer. 1. The above facts concerning the bicycle club were kindly furnished by Mr. 11. B. Uolland. for many years a member of the club. Editous. CHAPTER XXI. THE PRESENT BUSINESS OF WATERVILLE; SOME COMPARISONS WITH THE PAST AND A GLANCE INTO THE FUTURE BUSINESS CONDITIONS. By Frank REDiNfiTON. When W^aterville became incorporated as a town, she had but few manufactories and not many merchants. Her financial tran- sactions were, of course, very Hmited. Money in those days was a very scarce article, and barter and exchange were the rule. Here on the banks of the Kennebec had gathered a small colony of people, striving hard to make a living out of the soil and turn an honest penny by felling and clearing the forests, and convert- ing the logs into lumber by means of the very limited processes then known to man. Here lay one of the most beautiful spots in all the States of the Union. Nature had been lavish of her gifts and seemed to have scattered them about in great profusion for the hand of man to pick up and transform into things of service and of welfare to himself. The beautiful fall of water on the Kennebec river, named by the Indians Ticonic, or Teconnet, came dashing and laughing over the great ledge, and needed only the hand and brain of man to transform it into a means of wealth. It seemed to say : "Here ani I. Come and take me ; use me to thy purposes and for thy advancement and elevation. I will add to thy com- fort, to thy wealth, and to thy happiness." And then it quietly sped away to the great mother ocean, leaving a silence broken only by the sound of the woodsman's axe as he toiled to provide a home for himself and familv. 4l6 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. The great forest which tlnen covered tlie land in all directions dared the pioneer to a contest of endurance and privation. But I will leave the history of this to other hands better prepared than my own to set forth the record of these early days, and will pro- ceed to the consideration of the financial and business standing- of the city at the present time, after giving a brief abstract of the rapid growth of the old town since the locating of the Lockwood Cotton Mill on the west bank of the Kennebec. THE LOCKWOOD COMP.\NY. The manufacturing industries of Waterville are of great importance, as can readily be seen by a glance at the statistics given in connection with this article. Thirty years ago, the town lay almost dormant ; a lethargy pervaded all her activities ; a few only of the older industries remained. It looked as if she had reached her limit of greatness and was soon to sink into a slow but sure decay. Then came the change. The Lockwood Cotton Mill, established in 1875, gave a boom to all interests ; the citizens awakened, rubbed their eyes and sat erect ; real estate changed hands ; an influx of new energy seemed to vibrate and pulsate through the veins of old Waterville. From that time to the present, she has moved steadily forward, and bids fair to continue upon her onward course for an indefinite period. The second Lockwood Mill was built in 1882, and this mor'^ than doubled the number of employes, and consequently gave a renewed impetus to all kinds and classes of financial interests. At this time, we had but few other manufactories of import- ance. There were several smaller industries, such as the old shank factory, which was located where the one-time paper mill had stood ; and the Webber & Haviland foundry, oldest of Wat- erville's present industries, which had been a landmark for years : the Crommett's Mills saw mill, and the Furbush sash and blind factory, together with the Ricker tannery and the old match fac- tory. One other industry deserves mention at this time. This is the Hathaway shirt factory. Every old resident of Water- ville will readily bring to mind Charles F. Hathaway and his characteristics, his tract-distributing proclivities and his deeds of charity. The old factory still exists, but has been much enlarged and modernized. It is now in the control of Mr. C. A. Leighton, HISTORY OF WATERVILLE:. 4I7 who has brought the business up to its present high standard. The old railroad repair shops were at this time located near the Maine Central freight depot, and employed a few good mechan- ics. The neighboring towns of Oakland, Fairfield and North Vassalboro did a renumerative business in a diversity of manu- factures. Oakland employed a large number of people in mak- ing edge tools, Fairfield in the lumber interest, and North Vas- salboro in the woolen industry. These all contributed to Water- ville's mercantile interests and helped to fill the cofifers of her thrifty business men. THE HOI.LIXGSWORTH ,<(: WHITNEY CO. Second in order of importance among the present manufactur- ing interests of Waterville is the Hollingsworth & Whitney Pulp Mill, located on the east bank of the Kennebec, in Winslow, oppo- site ihe college buildings. This is not actually a Waterville industry, but her mercantile interests are subserved by this great plant, employing as it does some 675 hands, largely skilled mechanics, at good wages. It is obvious to all that the distri- bution of money from this source is a great help to W^aterville, and it is confidently expected that this plant will soon be much enlarged. 'These mills, known as the Taconnet, Alohegan, and Algonquin, are but one plant of several owned and operated by the company ; the others being the Cobbossee and the Aroostook mills at Gar- diner, Maine. The company is everywhere known as one of the oldest, strongest, most conservative, and yet most thoroughly up to date pulp and paper manufacturing corporations in the country. Its officers are : Chas. A. Dean, president ; Edward B. Eaton, treasurer ; W'aldo E. Pratt, vice-president ; M. L. Mad- den, assistant manager ; H. E. Fales, assistant treasurer ; F. E. Boston, manager of mills ; W. H. Stobie, superintendent of mills ; H. W. Vaughan, New York sales agent ; N. G. Torrey, purchas- ing agent. The main office of the company is located in the Dean building at 60 India street, Boston, ]Mass., and the New York office at 309 Broadway. The Taconnet and IMohegan mills were erected in 1892, and the Algonquin Sulphite Fibre mill in 1899. The principal build- 27 4l8 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. ings of the plant are of brick, resting upon granite foundations. The product of the Taconnet paper mill is loo tons of Manila paper daily ; the product of the Mohegan pulp mill is 50 tons of mechanical pulp daily, and the product of the Algonquin Sul- phite Fibre mill 60 tons daily. A printing plant, with a large number of presses and a stereotyping outfit, is included in the thorough equipment of the establishment, which prints all kinds of wrapping paper for customers. The shipping facilities of the mills are ample, a double S)-stem of spur tracks of the Maine Central railroad running to the doors of the mills and storehouses. Shipments are thus made easily and promptly. The concern sells to dealers in paper only. Both steam and water power are used for running the mills, the Ken- nebec river furnishing about 5,000 h. p., 3,000 h. p. of steam and about 1,000 h. p. of electricity are also employed. The company gives employment at its Winslow plant to about 675 men, the average of whose wages is high, their earnings forming an important part of the money monthly placed in circulation in this vicinity. The average monthly pay-roll of the mills amounts to about $30,000. The company owns large townships of timber land where they cut most of their annual supply of pulp wood. It is said that these townships, regardless of other sources of sup- ply, would furnish the Taconnet mills with pulp wood enough to keep them running for at least fifteen years. The relations exist- ing between the corporation and its employes have always been exceedingly pleasant. The new, well equipped Taconnet club house is an example of the interest the Hollingsworth & Whitney Company has always shown in the comfort and pleasure of the people in its employ. The company has built and furnished this club house, and admits to its use all employes without charge. The house is managed by an association of the employes who charge a small sum for billiards, pool and bowling, such receipts being used for the benefit of entertainments. There is a comfortable library with about 3000 volumes and all the leading magazines and daily and weekly papers ; a billiard room with two billiard tables and two pool tables ; two bowling alleys and a very complete gymnasium ; smoking room with good comfortable chairs and card tables; a large hall for entertain- HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 419 ments and meetings ; and there are toilet rooms with shower baths. The house is pleasantly situated on high ground, overlook- ing the Kennebec and the City of Waterville. It has large piazzas and abundant grounds. A resting place like this, kept clean and orderly, with varied means of amusement, and open to all well behaved of the people employed, is profitable both to the company and its employees. In other places there are some such club houses supported and managed by the employes ; but some wage earners do not feel like devoting any part of their pay to such purposes, so all do not enjoy the use of the club. By true and faithful service men have earned the good will of the company ; they have also earned the comfort they get out of this house. The total cost of the building, grounds, etc., amounts to about $20,000.00. The estimated cost of maintaining this establish- ment is about $2500.00 per year. Twenty years ago the president of this company arranged to make stockholders of the men who were to direct the work of the various branches of its business, and to-day a very large amount of its stock is owned by the active working men, in amounts from ten to four hundred and fifty shares each, and all paid for out of their earnings and dividends. The loyal and faithful service of these men has been of great assistance to the company, which during this time has doubled its capital and increased its business to five times its volume of twenty years ago. MAINE CENTRAL RAILROAD. Another large corporation within our limits employing skilled mechanics to a good number, is the Maine Central Railroad Company. Its repair shops have been a source of much benefit to Waterville's business interests since the railroad first entered our borders. Within a comparatively few years these works have been vastly increased and now have taken on an importance second only to the Lockwood Company in their money value to Waterville, speaking of them as a strictly Waterville industry. Appended is a statement of its present status, containing also comparative figures for the years 1879 and 1901. 420 HISTORY OF WATERVII.LE. The railroad company employs many men outside of these shops, such as engineers, firemen, trackmen, conductors, train men, etc., who make their homes in Watcrville and contribute largely to her prosperity. Those who are familiar with the past may compare the figures given below with those of an earlier period of our history. Maine Central Freight Business for IVatcrviUc. 1901. 1879. Gross Tons. Krt. Clmrges. Tons. Frt. Charges. Freight received ■'^9.307 8118,003.62 3,885 $14,724.62 Freight forwarded 51,991 100,870.41 8,492 22,743.94 Included in the freight business for 1901 is all the business done at Watcrville and W'inslow by the Hollingswortli & Whit- ney Co. Tickets. 1901. 1879. No. Pass. Gross Amount. No. Pass. Amount. 83,995 $81,610 98 17.831 $18,482 69 This company received over its road and unloaded at Watcr- ville for its use 30.937 tons, or 1237 cars averaging 25 tons each of bituminous coal for locomotives and shop use. There are approximately 320 cars, freight and passenger, repaired at Waterville shops each month, making a total for the year of 3840 cars. Last year about 55 locomotives went through the shops for general repairs. There were built at Waterville shops during the year ending June 30, 1901, 16 flat cars, 5 passen- ger, mail and baggage cars, and one caboose car. Note. Mr. F. E. Boothby, a native ot Waterville and ever loyal to ber interests, now Mayor of Portland and General Passenger and Ticket Agent of the Maine Central Railroad Company, is entitled to our thanlfs for the statement of the Rail- road's Waterville business as given above. In connection with the history of the Maine Central Railroad from its entrance into Waterville, it should be mentioned tliat our fellow townsman, Mr. William Bodge, was acting as brakeman on the first freight that came into the town, Dec. 7, 1849. His brother, Alniaren Bodgo. was conductor on the first i)as- senger train, Dec. fi, 1849, and Marshall liarrelle was conductor on the first train out of Waterville. Mr. William Bodge is the only living citizen of Waterville who was then In the employ of the railroad company. He served the company as brakeman only a few months, was then promoted to the position of baggage master, and shortly after to that of conductor, which position he filled until about two years ago, retiring with a service of nearly fifty years to his credit. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 421 The average number of men employed at Waterville shops is 250. They receive approximately $14,000 per month. In addi- tion to this, about $16,000 is paid to employes other than shop- men, making a total of $360,000 a year paid to employes at Waterville. The estimated value of manufactured products at Waterville shops for a year is $355,000, including the entire cost of repairing all cars and locomotives. Waterville yard has three miles of main line and twelve miles of side track ; with a capacity of 1252 cars. THE WISC.\SSET, WATER\'ir.r.E AND FARMINGTON RAILROAD. Very soon we shall have a new railroad line, extending from the Rangeley Lakes to the sea, having its southern terminus at the large and deep harbor in the historic old town of Wiscasset. This road, while a narrow gauge, will be, to some extent, a com- peting line with the Maine Central, and will operate to the advan- tage of shippers of merchandise. It will make Waterville a bill- ing point and cause a concentration of railroad interests in our city. This little road, commencing in Wiscasset, wends its way through the fertile valleys of central Maine, connecting the towns of Wiscasset, Sheepscot, Alna Centre, Head Tide, Whitefield, Preble's, North Whitefield, Cooper's Mills, Maxey's Weeks' Mills, Newel's Palermo, Cole's China, South China, East Vas- salboro, North Vassalboro, Winslow, Albion and South Albion, on the east, and Oakland, Smithfield, Rome, Mercer, New Sharon, Farmington, Phillips and the Rangeley region, on the west : and Waterville is in the centre of this chain of municipali- ties and has the further advantage of being the largest and most prosperous. It follows, as a natural consequence, that the great amount of business flowing from these well-to-do farming and manufacturing communities will gravitate to this city. The personnel of the company is as follows: L. Atwood, presi- dent ; G. P. Farley, vice-president ; F. B. Hubbard, superinten- dent; J. H. Gould, treasurer. This road has about forty-two miles of track laid and is already doing business and running trains on schedule time. 422 HISTORY OF \VATER\1LLE. TIIF. RIVKRVIRW WORSTED MILLS. The Rivcrvicw \\'orsted Mills is among the new but very important industries. It was founded in 1900 by ]Mr. Thomas Sampson, who had had a long and successful experience in woolen manufacturing and was largely interested in the mills at North Vassalboro until they were sold to the American Woolen Company. Mr. Sampson associated with him some of the lead- ing business men of the city and the enterprise was a success from the start. Soon it became necessary to enlarge the mills and a second enlargement is in process which will increase the number of operatives to about three hundred, and the pay-roll to $150,000 per year. Only goods of a high grade are manu- factured. THE H.\TnAWAY SHIRT FACTORY. The Hathaway Shirt Factory employs 150 hands, and has a pay-roll of $60,000 per annum. The building has been enlarged recently, is finely equipped and has place on the highest list of such manufactories. THE .SAWYER PUBLISHING COMPANY. The Sawyer Publishing Company, perhaps, comes next in the number of employes, and is of far-reaching importance to our city, employing as it does a large number of young ladies, who are thus enabled to earn a livelihood without going from home. It employs hands to the number of 100; its pay-roll is $48,000. Its business is the publication of "mail order" papers and maga- zines. THE WATERVILLE IRON WORKS. In speaking of the next industry — the Waterville Iron Works — it may be in order to state that it, the oldest of our industries, in common with nearly all which were once located on the banks of the beautiful Messalonskee, has taken up its abode elsewhere. The location of the Waterville Iron Works is now at the "Head of the Falls," and the proprietors, Messrs. Webber & Philbrick, are doing a thriving business. They have a foundry department and a department of machinery. Most of the machinery con- HISTORY OF WATIvKVII.LE. 423 structed is for mills, especially for pulp mills. They employ an average of thirty-four hands, have a pay-roll of $16,800. THE WHlTTE.MORIv FURNITURE COMPANY. The Whittemore Furniture Company is a comparatively new industry, having been established a little over two years. Its business is the manufacture of couches, lounges, Morris chairs, etc. It employs from fifteen to twenty-five hands, according to the season. It has an annual pay-roll of about $9,600. It has been enlarged in igo2 and its future growth is only a matter of time. In the embryo state is a woolen mill, now building, erected by the Chase Manufacturing Company on the Messalonskee, at the Crommett's Mills bridge. This will employ about twenty hands, and will be a one-set mill, having a water power of 60 h. p. It will have a stimulating efifect on our mercantile affairs. THE WATERVU.LE STOVE FOUNDRY. The Waterville Stove Foundry on Chaplin street, is one of our desirable manufacturing establishments, employing twenty hands, and having a good pay-roll. The men are skilled in their work and command high wages. THE JAYNES CREAAIERY COMPANY. The Jaynes Creamery Company, located on Toward street, was organized in December, 1899, with ten thousand dollars capital; Amos F. Gerald, president, and R. F. Jaynes, treasurer. It has three hundred patrons among the farmers. It has a branch at Thorndike. This company pays annually, fifty thousand dollars to the farmers. The company sends 5,000 gallons of cream, monthly, to Boston. It handles also butter and cheese in large quantities. Ten hands are employed by this corporation. Wesley Fitzgerald, on upper College avenue, employs several hands in jobbing in wood work. He has a large machine plant. A. P. Emery does some business in the tanning of sheepskins, which he has carried on for vears. 424 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Many of onr citizens are unaware of what is being clone in the line of bee culture by Mr. F. F. Graves. The city of Waterville consumes, annually, from six to eight tons of honey ; about five tons are produced by city bred bees, and of this amount Mr. Graves raises four and one-half tons, which sells at an average of fifteen cents per pound, or a total of $1,275. THE WATERVILLE & FAIRFIELD RAILWAY AND LIGHT COMPANY. The Waterville & Fairfield Railway and Light Company, while not perhaps to be classed as a manufacturing plant, yet does man- ufacture one of the greatest, most dangerous and least understood products — if it is a product — of these strenuous times. It does all it can to turn night into day and to control the elements for man's advancement and emancipation. It furnishes electric lights for our homes, stores, factories and streets. It also sup- plies power for many of our other plants, viz. : the Worsted Mill, a part of the Hollingsvvorth & Whitney Go's, mills, the Water- ville Iron Works, and many others. The electric railway is a part of this plant and brings into and carries out of Waterville, 517,895 passengers per year. This electric road is in itself of vast and incalculable importance to Waterville's financial inter- ests. Take away this road and you would take from onr mer- chants a good percentage of business. The extension of this railroad is eagerly looked forward to by the citizens, not only for the accommodation it would aft'ord but because it would add to our monetary advantage. This company employs thirty-eight hands, and has a pay-roll of $20,000. It has 1,000 h. p. water and 500 h. p. steam. It operates four and three-quarters miles of track, located in Fair- field and Waterville. It runs its cars every half hour from six A. M to ten V. M., and made, last year. 1 1.765 trips. The com- pany could develop 1,000 h. p. more from its present control- ment. THE UNION G.-\S AND ELECTRIC COMPANY. The Union Gas and Electric Company, owned by Mr. Spauld- ing of Boston, is managed from the office of the Waterville & Fairfield Railway and Light Co. It is a plant constructed by Frank Chase on the lower Messalonskee, just below the site of HISTORY OF WATfiRVILLE- 425 the old Webber & Haviland foundry. It has a capacity of 1,500 h. p., water, and uses at present about half of its full power. It is equipped for electric lighting and motor power and is of very even and steadv force. THE MKSS.M.ONSKEE ELECTRIC COMPANY. The Messalonskee Electric Company is a newly organized tlectrical corporation which, bids fair to have a successful future. Its employes, at present, are seven in number and it has an innual pay-roll of $4,500. It is sure to grow, and its growth can but prove to Waterville's advantage. At present it holds the contract for the street lighting in the citv. THE WATERX'H.I.E BEEF COMPANY. The Waterville Beef Company, owned and controlled by Armour & Company, is an innovation on the old method of sup- plying our meat markets. Most of the meats which we get now come from Chicago in refrigerator cars, and are distributed from stations in different cities of the State. This company has a plant here, located beside the Maine Central track, and unloads from the car direct to its refrigerator. It has a substantial brick building, especially adapted to its uses. As a distributing centre for this business, Waterville is one of the best in the State. This company employs five hands, but is of much importance to our business interests. It does a business of $200,000 per year ; handling over six c.irloads per month. THE AMERICAN EXPRESS CO.MPANV AND HOYT's EXPRESS CO.MPANY. The American Express Company and Hoyt's Express Com- pany are both doing a large and increasing business. THE NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. The New England Telephone and Telegraph Company first located in Waterville in 1880. It has now (June, 1902) 439 instruments in use with a constantly increasing business. It is safe to sav that no business man in Waterville or elsewhere gets 426 HISTORY OF WATKRVILLE. SO much for his money from any other modern convenience as he does from his telephone connection. THE STANDARD OIL COMPANY. The Standard Oil Company has had a branch of its business established here for nearly thirteen years. It handles for Water- ville and vicinity over 300,000 gallons of oil per year and repre- sents a business value of from $30,000 to $35,000. It has its plant beside the railroad track, just west of the Whittemore Fur- niture Company. It unloads direct from car to storage tanks. The company sells to jobbers and large consumers only. NEV/Sr-APEKS. The Mail Publishing Company is a corporation which docs a large printing business in addition to issuing the daily and weekly editions of the W^aterville Mail. It employes from fourteen to twenty hands and has an annual pay-roll of about $5,800. The W. AL Ladd Company is another large printing concern. It also publishes the Waterville Sentinel — a semi-weekly paper. It employs an average of twelve hands and has a pay-roll of $5,668 annually. THE Cri'Y GKEENHOi:SES. Several years ago ''Uncle Wendell" had a small greenhouse on Front street, where he, a true lover of flowers, cultivated and sold, in limited quantities, both cut flowers and potted plants. He maintained this establishment for some time, but at length the worker and the work disappeared. Later, Amos C. Stark established a small greenhouse in con- nection with his residence on IMain street, where he gave special attention to the cultivation of potted plants and, in the spring, of seedlings, both vegetable and floral, and bedding plants. He also did quite a business in filling urns for the cemetery. But failing health has compelled him to abandon the work entirely. It remained for the firm of II. R. Mitchell & Son to build up in Waterville the florist business on a scale in any way commen- surate with the growing business of our city and with the demands of an industry which has developed into mammoth pro- portions in the country during the last twenty-five years. HISTORY OF WATBRVILLE. 427 In the fall of 1896, H. R. Mitchell, who had been a pastor of Baptist churches for over twenty years, and his son, Frank H., who left a good position in a bank, bought quite a section of land on the south side of Highwood street, and erected a large greenhouse. The patronage of the people of W'aterville has been constant and heart)'. The new firm soon discovered that they must have more room ; so the next summer they erected two more houses, more than doubling their capacity. Trade continued to increase, and the firm began to .-^end their goods to surrounding towns, establishing agencies in many of the thriving villages in Ken- nebec, Somerset and even Penobscot counties. The building and equipping of new houses has been almost constant imtil they have now one of the largest and best equipped florist establishments in }\Iaine. They have about 14,000 square feet of glass, and the greenhouses and other buildings connected with them cover nearly a third of an acre of ground. They ship their goods to all parts of the State and even to other states ; their shipping facilities being absolutely the best in Maine. THE WATERVILLE POST-OFI'ICE. The Waterville Post-office has kept pace with the growth of the city. The present incumbent, Mr. W. M. Dunn, is one of the most efiicient postmasters the city has ever had. His ability is acknowledged by all, and the public are highly pleased with the treatment accorded them and the manner in which the business of the office is conducted. Mr. Dunn served as postmaster four years under President Hayes' administration. When Grover Cleveland was elected President, F. L. Thayer was appointed to the position, and Mr. Dunn was again appointed when President Harrison came into power, and has served since, to the -entire satisfaction of all concerned. Mr. J. F. Larrabee, the assistant postmaster, comes in for a full share of the public approval. Note. A curious custom of the oldtime post office is noted In tlie Chaplin MS. The postmaster after arranging the mail would tap on the table for silence. The people Tvho thronged the office -would then keep measurably quiet while the post master in a loud voice read the names upon the letters received. The letters were then passed from hand to hand to their owners. This process sometimes was the occasion of considerable mirth and sometimes, as in the suspense which fol- lowed the rumored death of Lieuttnont Moor, it showed the quick sympathy of the townsmen. 428 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. The office force now consists of seven clerks, five carriers and one substitute. This office does a business of $40,000 a 3'ear, and it is only a matter of a short time when it will be numbered among the first-class offices. ELMWOOD HOTEL. Among the hotels of Waterville the first established and by far the largest is the Elmwood. Its location, equipment and man- agement are unsurpassed. A recent addition made necessary by the increasing business, has made the capacity of the house one hundred and fifty rooms. To the success of the hotel during the last twelve years the proprietor, Mr. Henry E. Judkins and his wife, have contributed the best qualities of host and hostess. The Bay View Hotel with forty rooms and the Park with twenty-five, are located on Main street and do a good business. BUSINESS BLOCKS. One can readily see that all these industries which have been mentioned must necessarily create a demand for merchants, shops, stores, doctors, lawyers, ministers, and humanity's crea- tions and inventions, in nearly all varieties. And we have in Waterville all of the above in large measure. Our stores are much better than the average throughout the State; our merchants are thrifty, yet generous; and our stocks and stores are large and commodious enough to supply the demands of :i city much larger than Waterville now is. We have approximately 150 stores in this city. Many of our mer- chants are now housed in splendid brick blocks, among which are the Soper, Clukey, Peavy, Masonic, Haines, Plaisted, Bur- leigh, Hanson, Webber & Dunham, Redington, Arnold, \\'are, Milliken, Elden, Boutelle. Flood and Pulsifer blocks ; the Ticonic Bank, the Peoples' Bank and the Savings Bank blocks : all of which contribute toward beautifying our streets and enlarging our business interests. A new Savings Bank block is to be soon built at the comer of Main and Appleton streets, and is to be the best block in the city. Its cost, as planned for, is something over $50,000. 1 1 *' p f 1 ^ 8^^^|flfel^.^V -^^{^^1 ^^ ' ; it IP'^^'^H^VHR^gf • '^EMMpfflj-LVJB t .1 n . "^'' ' ' .-"''-■.■>•■■■.'" " i ll^^al ~HH}u!|^^H 4 'IJLOu 'iM,Jt. kj p HISTORY OF WATERVILI.E. 429 It may be of interest to the older one-time citizens of Water- ville, now located elsewhere, to mention some of the changes that have taken place. Beginning at the lower end of Main street, the old Ticonic block still stands, without external change. The first modern brick building, as you go north, is the Alilliken block, which took the place of the old Waterville Savings Rank. On the opposite corner at the junction of Main and Silver streets, where used to stand the old wooden building owned by the Kimball heirs and occupied by David Gallert as a dry goods store, and including the next building that was owned by Joseph Nudd and rented for a saloon for years, now stands a splendid block, three stories, and modern in all respects. This block is of brick, trimmed with granite, and was erected by F. JL. Thayer. It is now owned by C. J. Clukey. Next in order is the Plaisted block, one of the best in town. This takes the place of the old stores occupied by J. G. Darrah, Wadsworth Chipman, J. H. Plaisted, William Caffrey and E. Blumenthal. L. H. Soper's large brick block comes next and is among the best. It is three stories. Last April !Mr. Soper had a passenger elevator put in to run from basement to top floor. This is the first elevator put into any store in the city ; that is run by motor power and used for the accommodation of customers. The three story wooden building owned by Theo- philus Oilman adjoins the Soper block. The next brick block is the Barrelle block, three stories, and a fine structure. It stands on the site of the J. P. Caftrey store. The Ware block, similar ta the Barrelle block, is next in order. This is a double block, all connected, and closing up the right of way which lay between the old buildings, which were occupied respectively by C. M. Barrelle and C. R. McFadden. Alongside of this is the H. L. Emery block. Passing along, we come to the Savings Bank block, a good brick structure of two stories. There are no more brick buildings until we reach the Peoples' Bank building; but the intervening space is occupied by good substantial wooden buildings. The land on which these buildings stand is probably the most valuable on Main street. The Peoples' Bank and the Ticonic Bank buildings are three story, brick structures and occu- pied by the owners for banking purposes. Then comes the old Phoenix Block, which looks as it did years ago. A wooden build- 430 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. ing stands on the corner, called the Rogers building. On the next corner, at the junction of ^lain and Temple streets, is the Burleigh block, a three story brick building and of modern style ; this takes the place of the old tumble-down wooden afTair once occupied by Manley & Tozier as a grocery store. There are two quite good wooden buildings before we reach the Pulsifer and Flood blocks, which were built last year and which are of three stories and modern in all particulars. Then wooden buildings extend to the property owned by the Unitarian Church Society. The east side of Main street, going south, is practically as it has been for many years, until you get to Temple street. Com- mencing here, the old brick buildings have been remodelled and present an unbroken front as far as the old Burleigh property, once occupied by Thomas Herrick as a hardware store. These blocks are the Boutelle, Elden, Arnold, and Hanson, Webber & Dunham blocks. From here to the square, or the hay scales, as the boys u.sed to call it, there are no brick buildings, but some of the wooden ones have been remodelled. From common street south we have no brick blocks until we reach the Gallert building, and adjoining this is the Peavy block, one of the best in the city. Then come the same old brick buildings with the roofs pitching toward the street that have stood for years and years. The last pretentious building on the east side of the street is the R. B. Dunn block, used for stores on the ground floor and the Bay View Hotel above. It is one of the largest brick business blocks in the city. On Common street where once stood a few cheap wooden buildings, now stands the Masonic Temple, built of brick and trimmed with granite. It is three stories and modern in all par- ticulars. Adjoining it is the W. T. Haines block, of the same general style and quality as the former. The ground floor of this building is occupied by the Post-office. Silver street can boast of one good brick building, that of Frank Redington, on the old Wheeler property where once Sum- ner A. Wheeler dispensed spruce and lemon beer and sold shot guns. There are several stores on that street, but all of wood, with this exception. Temple street has grown much as a business section, having many stores both east and west of Main street, and bids fair to increase its number within the near future. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 43 1 It is not possible to enumerate all the changes that have taken place in the business and residential sections of the city ; but to the older people it may be of interest to state briefly some of the most notable ones. On what we term "The Plains," the growth has been notable. It was but a few years ago, when only a few houses, widely scattered, were located in that section, and they were of a poor quality and simply constructed, only one or two rooms in some of them. Then there was the one main thorough- fare, named Water street, and only a few lanes making off from this street, north of Grove street. It seemed like going into another town to go "down on the Plains." But now what a contrast ! There are good large substantial homes, clean, neat, roomy and comfortable ; fine business blocks, and nearly all kinds of business represented ; streets running in all directions ; real estate at a premium, and thrift and order found on every hand. It is a small city within itself. The electric cars run the length of Water street every half hour and are well patronized. Most of us can remember the circus ground on what was called Nudd field and where the school boys played four-old-cat and later baseball. There were no houses there then, but now nearly, if not quite every lot is built upon, making it one of the prettiest and most desirable locations in the city ; and further over in the Burleigh field a number of beautiful houses have been built. Ticonic street, once called "Paddy Lane," is one of the busiest in the city. There are several stores located here and many good homes. Above the railroad crossing on College street many fine residences have been built and new streets have been opened on either side. One of the best schoolhouses in the city — the Myrtle Street schoolhouse — ■ has recently been erected here. It is a building of eight rooms and is crowded with scholars. And so one may go on taking section by section, describing changes, which are in the line of improvements everywhere. The present demand is for good, substantial, medium-rate rents. There seems to be a scarcity of them, although new houses are being built in all quarters. There may be danger of overdoing in this direction, but it would seem not for some time yet. Real estate is of more value than several years ago, but there seems to be no lack of purchasers. 432 HISTOKY OF WATEKVILLE. THE NEW CITY HALL. During the last year the city has erected a handsome city build- ing, on the site of the old town hall, just off Common street. This building contains rooms for all the city officials ; a station house for those who are so unfortunate as to need the restraining hand of the law ; a superior court room and a municipal court room, with all the adjuncts necessary for the comfort and con- venience of the court officials. A safe and commodious vault occupies the middle section of the first two floors for the keeping safely of all monies and records belonging to the city ; and the upper floor is devoted to a large and beautiful auditorium with balcony and .stage. Some of our citizens facetiously, and yet rightly, describe this portion of the building as the "Opera House.' It is well adapted to the uses of the city in its municipal capacity, and can be used for convention purposes as well. It is also the intention to let this hall for entertainments — thus deriv- ing an income for the city and at the same time furnishing the people with a fine public hall. This building will cost, when completed, about $70,000. Our citizens are all pleased with this structure and proud of its possession. The College, schools, churches, and other of our public and private edifices, are written up in this volume by others, and I only speak of them as contributing to our wealth and adding to our population. VALUATION AND TAX.\TI0N. Our assessed valuation for 1902 is $5,219,163; the rate of taxation is 23,'/2 mills; giving a total of $122,650.33. Add to this 2,618 polls, at $3 each, and we have $130,504.33 as the total amount raised by the city. Of this valuation, $4,191,325 was on real estate and $892,007 on personal estate. It may be thought by some that this rate is rather high, but by a comparison with the rates in other cities of the State, it will readily be seen that our burdens are not very heavy. The assessors' report for 1901 shows that we added $100,000 to our valuation, and we add $135,831 this year. The increase in the number of tiolls is 132. HISTORY OF WATfiKVILLE. 433 FIRE DEPARTMENT AND INSURANCE. We take great and increasing pride in our Fire Department. It was, to a large extent, brought to its present state of efficiency by Cliief Engineer A. H. Plaisted, under whose training a thor- ough system was established. He was succeeded by Chief George F. Davies, the present incumbent, who is the right man to follow in Air. Plaisted's footsteps. He is fully alive to keeping up the department to its present high standard, and the men under him all readily acknowledge his fitness for the position. Our alarm system is one of the best and gives very good satis- faction. It has been suggested that when it can be readily done, an alarm be placed in a more central location — perhaps on the new citv hall, and that it be a whistle, in preference to a bell, as being more readily distinguishable. In connection with this matter, it may be well to note the item of insurance. Our local insurance men are much pleased with the efficiency of our fire department and it has quite an influence in keeping down the insurance rates. The amount of business done by the insurance companies of Waterville is large; it is estimated to be $7^,000 in premiums. Our veteran insurance companies are the L. T. Boothby & Son Company and the C. K. Mathews Company. In mentioning these names I have no wish to slight any other company or indi- vidual, but the history of these two companies is contemporary with the growth of the city, and it is not out of place to speak of them. THE BOARD OF TRADE Waterville has a flourishing Board of Trade, with a member- ship of 150. It is alive to all subjects that may be of benefit to our city. It has done much to further the interests of Water- ville. It was organized in 1889, with Mayor Nathaniel Meader as its first president, and during his term of office, which covered two years, many meetings were held and topics of much interest, pertinent to the welfare of our city, were debated and acted upon. It brought about a sentiment for concerted action and succeeded in arousing the people to a realization of the fact that we must take hold and push for ourselves in order to get desired results. 28 434 HISTORV OF WATERVILLE. Our energetic and forceful citizens communicated their own enthusiasm to others of our slower moulded yet equally interested property owners. The next president was Hon. i\I. C. Foster, who brought to the Board a mind well stored with business ideas and an energy which was always e.xerted to Waterville's benefit. Under his administration the Board flourished and grew into large proportions. Frank Redington followed Mr. Foster in the president's office and served for five years. During his con- trol several important matters were acted upon. Colby college wanted to raise a large sum of money to build several new struc- tures, and by the desire of President Nathaniel Butler the coop- eration of the Board was secured and a mass meeting held in city hall under the auspices of the Board. The meeting was addressed by several citizens and the final result was the sub- scription of over Sio,ooo by Waterville citizens to aid Colby in her efiforts, and materially helped in building the new Chemical Laboratory. The Waterville Free Library has received much help from the Board of Trade. The Waterville & Wiscasset Railroad came in for a share of the Board's attention and a large sum was subscribed to assist in its construction. The Summer School was induced to hold its sessions here through the agency of the Board of Trade. The new City Building is the direct out- come of the action of the Board of Trade. The Board took up this matter with a vim and energy that knew no defeat. It appointed committees to wait on Mayor Webb and the city council : it held mass meetings and discussed the question on all occasions ; and to-day we have the City Building, for which we may thank the Waterville Board of Trade. Dr. J. F. Hill is the present president, and under his leadership the Board is growing youthful and powerful. It started the centennial celebration by securing a large list of names of the most influential citizens on a request to the Board to call the proper authorities into action. Combined and concentrated action of such a nature as an organization of this kind can bring abour, will always be of advantage to any town or city. ARNOLD BLOCK. REDINGTON BLOCK. FLOOD AND PULSIFKR BLOCK. CLUKBT BLOCK. HISTORY OF WATERVILI-E. 435 POPULATION. I find by reference to the Maine Register that the population in 1870 — four years previous to the estabHshment of the Lock- wood Cotton Mill — was 4,832, and this included West Waterville. It has increased a little year by year until now, on our one hun- dredth anniversary, we have a population of ten thousand souls, — all busy, all happy and contented. We are growing to be somewhat cosmopolitan and our citizens vie with each other in advancing Waterville's interests at home and abroad. While our population within the city limits is 10,000, we have a flourishing and wide-awake community of surrounding towns to draw from. Within a radius of fifteen miles — the most of whose floating business comes to Waterville — are the towns of Fairfield, Burn- ham, Clinton, Benton, Winslow, Albion, China, Vassalboro, Sid- ney, Belgrade, Oakland, Smithfield and Rome, with a population of nearly 20,000, which gives to our mercantile interests a total population of nearly 30,000 with which to do business. Not only does the natural flow of this business tend toward us, but with our large and well-stocked stores we call the larger part of central Maine to our doors to participate in the advantages we offer them. Many of our residences are handsome structures, beautiful in architectural design, convenient as to location, comfortably arranged and sumptuously furnished. Finely kept lawns sur- round nearly all of our residential places, and all are attracted by the beauty of our homes. We have a splendid system of sewerage, which was put in some years ago at a cost of over $100,000, and which has given perfect satisfaction ; and Main street is paved nearly the whole length of the business section. WATERVILLU AS A SUMMER RESORT. Have our people considered to a sufficient extent what advant- ages accrue to Waterville as a centre from which to journey in any direction to fishing and pleasure resorts, — looking at the subject from a financial aspect? Many more people than we are aware of are attracted to our city for this purpose. Our splendid and beautiful drives are famous throughout New England. The 436 HISTORY OK WATERVILLE. fishing in East, North, Great, EHis, Long and Snow ponds is as good as in any chain of lakes or ponds in the State. The cottages and hotels at these places are increasing in number and excellence of entertainment each year, and Waterville is the natural trading- place for the tourist who sojourns at these enchanting resting places. If one wishes to be entertained by nature, get a touch of the soft side of life and dream away the idle hours for a week or a month, growing poetic and aesthetic, he can do no better than repair to these outlying hills, lakes and dales which surround Waterville. WATKRVILLE .\S A MARKET. Waterville as a market for the products of the farm is one of the best in central ]\Iaine ; and this fact is fast becoming known and acknowledged by the farmers for many miles around. Our traffic with the tillers of the soil is growing more extended year by year and the mutual advantages enjoyed by the urban and the suburban dwellers tend to good results. There is not now the excuse that once obtained for abandoned farms, as any man with energy, thrift and ordinary intelligence can readily make a reasonable success of farming in localities adjacent to a city like Waterville. There are, as the report of our milk inspector shows, sixty-five persons selling milk in Waterville, and the milk is of the highest quality. Compare this with the time when Cyrus Howard was the only man having a milk route in our town, some thirty years ago. The means of ingress and egress for the farmer aje greatly enhanced by the electric and steam roads nmning into and having stations in the smaller places, and the expense in fares is very light. Do not overlook the fact that our farms and farmers are of the most pronounced value to Waterville. WHAT OK THE KUTIIRE ? What of the future? A boom? a reaction? Oh, no! neither. We have grown as steadily, as sturdily, as sy.stematically and as naturally as the child changes into youth and merges into man- hood. We feel our strength, but it is the strength of confidence and not of frenzy or a fevered imagination. "Our past is secure." The present is always with us, and the future we HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 437 bequeath to posterity. We have no Whittier, no Longfellow, or other shade of world-wide fame to grace the history of our past, but we can hark back a hundred years and more with a pride in the loyalty, the strength, the enterprise and ability of our fore- fathers, and a satisfied feeling of having inherited a growth and prosperity which has placed us within the ranks of successful enterprise. The present is our time for making history, money, and a future. The impetus we have inherited necessarily aids and forces us onward, like a rushing current flowing swiftly by, and we must not drop behind in the strenuous contest. As we grow in numbers, rivalry becomes more acute, competition more vio- lent ; and a determined and steady purpose is the only course that will lead to the top of the ladder of success. As a com- munity, we are highly favored in our geographical location ; as a railroad center, we are extremely fortunate. The branches of the diverging lines of the great Maine Central road concentrat- ing within our borders, and the additional advantages accruing from another railroad soon to be completed across our southern section, give us a future outlook of vast importance. And so we gather all the elements of our trade, educational, social and local conditions : mass them into a kaleidoscopic scene, and from them predict a happy, successful and prosperous future, with an ever increasing population. Let those who are native-born to Waterville, but who now live in far-distant lands, dream of such a future for their beautiful one-time home, and awake to find it a reality. Tabulated statement of mercantile business, based on the vol- ume of business for 1901 as attributed to individual firms and companies doing business zvithin the city limits. Per year. Groceries, meats and provisions $450,000 00 Dry goods and other lines carried by dry goods houses and classed as dry goods 400,000 00 Clothing, hats, caps, etc. (sold by clothing houses), 200,000 00 Hardware, stoves, tinware and plumbing 200,000 00 Armour Beef Company 200,000 00 House furnishings, including furniture, carpets, crockerj' and goods sold by furniture houses. . . 125,000 00 438 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Grain, feed, etc., including: what flour is sold by grain and feed stores Sioo.ooo OO Coal, wood, lime and cement go,ooo oo Boots and shoes "S.ooo oo Fruit and confectionery 75-000 GO Insurance /S-Ooo oo Bakeries 75-000 oo Drugs and articles carried by drug stores 70,000 00 Books, periodicals, stationery, wall paper, etc. . . . 60,000 00 Electrical supplies and miscellaneous articles, including all other lines of mercantile enterprise, 50,000 00 Tobacco and cigars 50,000 00 Harnesses and leather goods 50,000 00 Millinery 40,000 00 Standard Oil Co 35-000 00 Jewelry and all goods carried by jewelers 10,000 00 Florists 8,000 00 Musical instruments, etc 5,000 00 Bicycles 5,000 00 Total, $2,448,000 00 Tabulated statement of hands ent['loycd and money paid out by the mamtfaetories and labor-employing industries of Water- ville, including the Hollin^szujorth & Whitney Company of Winslow. Average No. of Pay Roll hands employed. Per month. Per year. Lockwood Company 1300 $34,00000 $415.00000 Hollingsworth & Whitney Co. 675 30,000 00 360,000 00 Maine Central R. R. Co. on the roads, about the yard, etc 16,000 00 192,000 00 Maine Central R. R. Co., at the shops 250 14,000 00 168,000 00 Riverview Worsted Mill 175 90,000 00 Hathaway Shirt Factory 150 5,00000 60,00000 Sawyer Publishing Co 100 4,000 00 48,000 00 Proctor & Bowie Co 33 25,000 00 H. Purinton & Co 50 24,00000 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 439 Waterville & Fairfield Rail- way and Light Co 38 $1,666 00 $20,000 00 Waterville Iron Works (Webber & Philbrick) .... 34 1,400 00 16,800 00 Noyes Stove Co 20 1,000 00 12,000 00 Whittemore Furniture Co ... . 20 800 00 9,600 00 The Mail Publishing Co 14 5,800 00 W. M. Ladd Co 12 5,668 00 Jaynes Creamery Co 10 400 00 4,800 00 Messalonskee Electric Co. . . . 7 375 00 4.500 00 Total, $1,461,168 00 These figures represent the pay rolls of established and con- tinuous industries : the greater part of this amount finding its way into the channels of \\"aterville business. Estimated pay rolls of other and miscellaneous classes. Clerks in stores, 500 at an average of $18,000 00 $216,000 00 Carpenters, 50 21,750 00 Masons and Tenders, 25 15,000 00 Painters, 25 10,000 00 Total amount distributed in Waterville by pay rolls per year $1,723,918 00 To this should be added the amount paid out by the college and institute treasurers the amount paid to the school teachers and other city officials by the city treasurer, and the amounts paid to agents and representatives of outside corporations in order to get an estimate of the money put into circulation through the system of wage earnings in Waterville. This is what keeps the citv alive. CHAPTER XXII. THE PULPIT OF WATERVILLE. By Rev. George Dana Boardman Pepper, D. D., LL. D. Joshua Ctishnian (Rev. and Hon.) the first and only "town minister" of Winslow and Waterville was born in Halifax, Mass., about 1758 or 9. Son of Abner and Mary (Tillson) Cushman. (Y'lA. Cushman Genealogy, p. 184.) Apil i, 1777, he enlisted under Caleb King and served in the 9th Massachusetts Regiment He was at Fort Stanwix at the surrender of Burgoyne and endured the winter at Valley Forge. He was honorably dis- charged on the completion of his three years' term of enlistment. He then fitted for college and was graduated at Harvard in the class of 1788, the class of John Ouincy Adams. He was ordained June 10, 1795 (see historical chapter, p. 52 and note) as religious teacher of Winslow. He remained minister of the town until 1814, the arrangement terminating by mutual consent and on conditions agreed upon in the settlement nearly twenty years before. His sermons, a large number of which are preserved by his grandson, Mr. Cushman of Winslow, show him to have been a clear, careful and reverent thinker of a spirit both devout and liberal. In 1 810 he was the Representative of Kennebec Co. in the Massachusetts Senate. In 181 t and 12 he was the Repre- sentative of Winslow in the Mas.sachusetts Legislature. In 1819 he was elected a member of Congress from the Kennebec Dis- trict and served three full terms until 1825. His broad views as a statesman and his power as an orator gave him large influ- ence in Congress. In 1828 Mr. Cushman was elected to the Maine Senate and in 1834 was elected as the Representative of Winslow in the Maine House. He called the House to order at O > 'J. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 441 its organization, but his strength was spent, and he died at Augusta, January 27, 1834, at the age of seventy-five years. A singularly varied life which used its large powers faithfully for country and for God. Mr. Cushman's wife was Lucy Jones, who had been brought up by her uncle, Dr. Cotton Tufts of Weymouth, Mass. They had but one child, Charles, at whose home in Winslow Mrs. Cushman died, January 13, 1847, aged seventy-nine. The descendents of Mr. Cushman possess many books manu- scripts and relics of the old minister and his family. These were freely put at the disposal of the editors of this volume. Mr. Cushman was much in demand as orator on Fourth of July and other public occasions and his published orations show that his popularity was well deserved. The title of one of these publi- cations is "An Oration pronounced at Waterville, 4 July, 1814, in Commemoration of the Independence of the United States of America." It is not generally known that Richard Thomas, who prepared for himself the curious "rumpuncheon" epitaph, was a friend of Air. Cushman, and before his death gave to him his own library, a collection of English and early American books of considerable value and interest. These are in the possession of Mr. Cushman. E. C. W. Rci'. Tl'.oinas Adams, D. D., son of Benjamin and Eunice Adams, was born in North Brookfield, Mass., February 7, 1792, and died in Winslow, Me., February 4. 1881, three days before the completion of his eighty-ninth year. He prepared for college in the Leicester Academv, and in 1814 was graduated from Dart- mouth College. After taking a course in theology under his pastor. Rev. Thomas Snell of North Brookfield, he was ordained and installed as pastor of the Congregational church in Vassal- boro, Me., August 26, 1818. He retained this pastorate until 1834, having charge, also, of the churches in Winslow and Clin- ton — now Benton Falls. During the year following he was agent of the Maine Temperance Society and resided in Hallowell. From that time until May 31, 1838 he was the minister of the Waterville Congregational church, though not formally installed as pastor until September 27, 1836. After leaving Waterville, he for three years edited the Maine Temperance Gazette, pub- lished first in Augusta and afterward in Portland. He was agent 442 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. for the American Tract Society, i843-'46. He preached the next ten years in Ohio, the first in Hampden, the other nine in Thomp- son. After four years' service as agent of the Congregational Board of Publication he returned to Maine, served the Pittston Congregational church as pastor one year (i863-'64), removed then to Vassalboro and served as pastor four years, when he retired from the pastorate, but continued to reside in Vassalboro until 1871. spent the next nine months in W'aterville and then removed to Winslow where he resided until his death. He was three times married and survived his third wife (Catherine L. daughter of Caleb Lyman of North Brookfield) eleven years. He had three sons, of whom one survived him (Edward F., of San Francisco) and one daughter, Sarah B., who at the Kenne- bec Conference in Waterville in 1894, read an extremely interest- ing paper entitled "Reminiscences of the Churches and Pastors of Kennebec County" which was published in pamphlet form. The well merited degree of D. D. was conferred upon him by Dartmouth College, his ahiia mater. He was held in profound esteem wherever he was known and throughout all this region his name is honored and his memory cherished. His daughter says (Reminiscences p. 15) : "He was buried on his eighty-ninth birthday and rests in the little cemetery on the hill, where he always wished to be placed, with those who had gone before. No more fitting memorial could have been raised for him than the little chapel which has been placed in Vassalboro by the gifts of so many of his friends, and none that would have been so acceptable to him." Rev. Wilbur Fiske Berry, son of Nicholas and Hope S. (Clarke) Berry of Camden, Me., was born in Camden, November 24, 1851. After leaving the public schools he studied in Maine Wesleyan Seminary, and in Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn. He has been pastor of Methodist churches in South Standish, Woodfords, Saco, Lewiston, Farmington, Water\'ille, (all in Maine), covering the years i878-'9Q. Some of these, at least, are churches to which only men of the highest rank and ability are appointed and which can be suc- cessfully served only by such men. In these pastorates he has fully met all demands made upon him. He was elected as secre- tary of "The Christian Civic League of Maine" in the spring of HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 443 1899, entered upon the work May 1st, and by lectures through- out the State, by promoting; the formation and maintenance of local leagues, by editing The Christian Civic League Record, and by efficient personal influence has rendered the cause important service. For fourteen years he has been secretary of the Maine Annual Conference, and in 1892 was delegate to the Methodist Episcopal General Conference. On the i6th of July, 1878, he married Miss Livonia S. French of Solon, Maine. His children are Josie May, Lillian Eunice, Mary Eleanor, Emma Louise, Nicholas Luther, and W^illiam French. In 1902 he was elected president of the Maine Wesleyan Seminary at Kent's Hill and removed to that place. Rev. Henry S. Bnrrage was boni in Fitchburg, Mass., Jan. 7, 1837. His parents resided later at Cambridge, Mass., Leomin- ster, Mass, and Roxbury, Mass. While in Roxbury, he attended the Chauncey Hall school, Boston. Afterward fitted for college at Pierce Academy, Middleboro, Mass. Entered Brown Univer- sity in 1857, and in 1861 was graduated, and entered the Newton Theological Institution. In 1862 he enlisted as a private in the 36th Mass. Vol. Infantry, served in this regiment as sergeant, second lieutenant, first lieutenant and captain, served also as act- ing assistant adjutant-general on the staff of Gen. Custer, ist Brig. 2nd Div. qth Army Corps, was made a major by brevet. Returned to Newton at the close of the war and completed his studies, graduating with the class of 1867. Went to Germany for the purpose of further study. After his return he became pastor of the Baptist church in Water- ville, Maine. Since January i, 1870, he has been editor of Zion's Advocate, Portland, Maine. In 1883, he re- received the degree of D. D. from Brown University, was made a trustee of Brown University in 1889, and in 1901 he was transferred to its Board of Fellows, has been a trustee of both Colby College and Newton Theological Institution since 1881. He is the author of "Brown University in the Civil War," "The Anabaptists of Switzerland," "Baptist Hymn Writers and Their Hymns," "History of the Baptists of New England," and various other works. Also of numerous historical and religious papers. For more than twenty-five years he has been recording secretary of the Maine Baptist Missionary Convention and of the 444 HISTORY OF VVATERVILLE. American Baptist Missionary Union, is recorder of the Maine Commander}' of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, secretary of the Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Maine, secretary of the Maine Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, and chairman of the standing committee of the Maine Historical Society. He married (first) Caroline Champlin, only daughter of Rev. Dr. J. T. Champlin and (sec- ond) Ernestine Marie Giddings, daughter of Mr. Moses Gid- dings of Bangor. There are two children by his first wife, Champlin and Thomas Jayne, and two by his second wife, Mil- dred Giddings and Madeleine. Father Narcisse Charland was born August lo, 1S48, in Rich- mond, Richmond Co., Province of Quebec. He began his school life in the common schools of his birthplace; continued it in St. Francis College and Nicolet College (both in Nicolet, P. Q.) : and completed it in Grand Seminary (Theological) at Three Rivers, P. O. He received from the Arts College on graduation the degree of B. A. and from the Theological on grad- uating from it the degree of B. D. He is the author of a pam- phlet entitled "Ladies of St. Anne." The history of the Catholic church in this place is largely a biography of Father Charland and the reader is referred for further information to the chapter on the churches in Waterville.' Rev. Syk'amts Cobb, D. D., widely known in his last years as "Father Cobb," was born at Norway, Maine, in 1799, and was ordained to the Universalist ministry with a Mr. Frost and Wm. A. Drew, at a meeting of the Eastern Association of Universal- ists, holdcn in W'inthrop in 1821, and at once began his ministry in Waterville (see hist, of the church). While here he preached in West Waterville and neighboring towns about one half the time and completed a course of doctrinal lectures (published as Cobb's Compound of Divinity) which was widely read and influential. Leaving Waterville he lived until his death (Oct. 31, 1866,) in Boston and vicinity. He was the author of a "Commentary on the New Testament." He had editorial charge of various denominational papers and magazines and wrote 1. Tlie Sniery Mission at wliicli the Catholic refugees from the Kennebec gath- ered was flnally uiovert to the opposite siile of the St. Lawrence, a few miles up theChaudlere, and calleil "The Mission of St. Francis lie Sales." Very appropri- ately therefore does the Catholic church in Waterville bear Ibis name. HISTORY OF \VATER\'ir,LB;. 445 largely for the periodical press. Tufts College conferred upon him the honorary degree of D.D. in recognition of his scholarship and distinguished services. Rev. Albert D. Dodge, son of Alvin and Emily (Boyd) Dodge, was born Jan. ii, 1859, in Monroe, Waldo Co. ; fitted for college in Maine Central Institute : was graduated from the Theological departrrient of Bates College in 1886; has been pastor of Free Baptist churches in Cape Elizabeth i856-'58; Clinton Village i888-'93; Amesbnry, Mass. 1893- '99 Waterville, Me. (society and church successively) 1899 to the present time. In securing additions to the membership and material equipment of churches served he has been succes.;fui s^'giiai'V so in Amesbury, Mass. He married Miss Helen Eugenia Lamb Dec. 31, 1881 ; has one child, William L. ; and resides in Waterville at No. 3, High street. Rez\ Albert Teele Dunn, D. D. was born in Fairfax, Vt., May 6, 1850, the son of Rev. Lewis A. and Lucy (Teele) Dunn. He was graduated at the New Hampton Institution, Fairfax. \'t., Colgate University, Hamilton, N. Y., in the class of 1873 and Newton Theological Institution in 1878. He was ordained as pastor of the Baptist church at East Poultney, Vt., July 30, 1873. After important pastorates at Stoughton St. church, Boston, and at the Free St., Portland, he became corres- ponding secretary of the Maine Baptist Missionary Convention, and removed to Waterville in Nov. i88g. Dr. Dunn was mar- ried June 24, 1873, to Gertrude A. Cottrell, and after her death to Elizabeth F. Walker of Boston, July 30, 1884. They have two sons, Lewis Walker and Fred Ballentyne. In addition to the important denominational work for which he is responsible, Dr. Dunn has been prominently identified with the Interdenomina- tional Commission, the Maine Sunday School Association and is president of the Maine Bible Society. He is a member of the First Bapt. church and of the Masonic order. Rev. Calvin Gardner was born in Hingham, Mass., Aug. 29, 1798, and was a son of Samuel and Chloe (Whiton) Gardner. He attended the public schools in Hingham, became first a mechanic and later, in 1825, entered the Universalist ministry. He was ordained as pastor of the Charlestown, Mass., Universal- ist church June 22; April 11, 1827, became pastor of a church in 446 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Duxbury, JNIass., and in 1830 came to Waterville with his family and was pastor of the UniversaHst society until 1833. He then went to Provincetown, Mass., for two years. In 1855 he returned to Waterville not, however, as pastor. He made this his home until hi? death, which occurred March 26, 1865, preach- ing as opportunity offered and caring for his land. A large num- ber of his sermons were published in the denominational papers and one in pamphlet form. For a few years he was associate editor of The Gospel Banner. In 1841, on leave of absence granted by his church, he spent a few months of the summer and early autumn in trying to raise $50,000 to establish and endow a theological seminary to be located on what is now thesiteofTufts College. The encouragement did not warrant a continuance of the effort. His first wife was Mary, daughter of Percy and ^lary (Bowker) Whiting of Hingham, Mass., who died sud- denly Sept. 2, 1832. in Lowell, Mass., in the 31st year of her age ; his second wife, Julia Ann Hasty of Waterville, died in 1891. His children were, by his first wife, Mary Whiting, who married William Graham Cutler of Dexter, and died in Chicago ; by his second wife, Ann Estella, who married Franklin Smith and died April 19, 1901, in Waterville. Rev. Bdzuard Hawes, D. D. began his public life as pastor of the Waterville Congregational church. His extraordinary suc- cess in this position (see sketch of the church's history) would alone entitle him to a special notice in this chapter, but that suc- cess was only an earnest of that which has attended him to this day. He perhaps brought with him by inheritance from his father, Rev. Josiah Taylor Hawes, an honored Congregational minister and pastor, a hereditary bias toward the profession for which certainly the home influences were constantly preparing him even before his own adoption of it by a final choice. He was born in Topsham, Maine, midway between Auburn, where he fitted for college in the Academy and Brunswick, where he took his college course in Bowdoin, graduating in 1855. To the degree of A. B. then given him in course was added by his alma mater in 1884 the honorary degree of D. D. From Bowdoin he went to Bangor Theological Seminary where he was graduated in 1858 and at once came to the Waterville church as pastor. Called to the Central Congregational church in Philadelphia, HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. 447 Pa., in 1864, he won for himself and the church a most honorable recognition from the Presbyterian brotherhood which until then had not been over cordial to the weak Congregationalism of that city. His subsequent pastorates have been in New Haven, Conn., and in Burlington, Vt. He now resides in Hartford, Conn., and is the secretary of the Congregational Relief Fund. Roszvell Dzvight Hitchcock, D. D., LL. D. although not strictly one of the pastors of the Waterville Congregational church yet for one year i844-'45) supplied its pulpit. Born in East Machias, Maine, Aug. 15, 1817, he entered the sophomore class in Amherst College in 1833, was graduated in 1836 and after one year as principal of Jaffrey (N. H.) Academy, and two years of theological study, he served as tutor three years in Amherst College (i839-'42). He spent the next two years as resident licentiate at Andover Theological Seminary whence he came directly to Waterville. Ordained and installed as pastor of the First Congregational church in Exeter, N. H., Nov. 19, 1845, he remained there until T852, though absent for study in Halle and Berlin one year (i847-'48) of his pastorate. During i852-'55 he was Collins Professor of Natural and Revealed Religion in Bow- doin College, and from 1855 until his death (June 16, 1887) was connected with Union Theological Seminary as Washburn Pro- fessor of Church History, and also, from 1880, as president. He received from Bowdoin in 1855 the degree of D. D. and from Williams the degree of LL. D. in 1873. He contributed many articles, mostly on church history, to the Presbyterian Quarterly and to the American Theological Review, being from 1863 to 1870 one of its assistant editors. He published numerous essays, orations, addresses and sermons, also "The Life, Character and Writings of Edward Robinson," (1836) and "A Complete Analysis of the Bible," (1869). He edited (with Drs. Eddy and Schafif) "Hymns and Songs of Praise," and "Hymns and Songs for Social and Sabbath Worship." Rev. Ammi S. Ladd, D. D. was born in Phillips, Me., June 17, 1835, is a graduate of Kent's Hill Seminary, in 1873 received from Colby University the honorary degree of A. M., has been the successful pastor of Methodist churches in Waterville, Bath, Bangor, Biddeford and Portland, and holds the office of presid- ing elder. He is now living with his third wife, Helen M. 448 )I!STORY OF WATERVII.LE. (Osgood) Ladd and has two children, Lydia and Annie. His residence is Brunswick, Maine. Rev. Albert A. Lewis, son of Ammon Lewis, was born in Orono, Me., June 15, 1853. He prepared for college in the Orono High School, and in 1876 was graduated from the Univer- sity of Maine with the degree of B. S. He has been the pastor of Methodist churches in the following towns of this State : Sebec, Houlton, Winterport, Brewer. Bath, Saco, Gardiner and \N'ater- villc and is still pastor of the Waterville church. He has also filled the offices of teacher and superintendent of public schools. He married ATiss Eva A. Baker of Orrington, Mc., .Vpril 24, 1878, and has one child, Leon G. Rev. Henry Codman Leonard, son of Samuel and Cynthia (Claggett) Leonard, was born April 25, 1818, in Northwood, N. H. ; studied theology with Rev. Henry Bacon in Haverhill in 1838-40 ; was ordained in Salem, Mass., July 21, 1841 ; was pas- tor at Rockland, Me., 1842-46; at Orono, Me., i847-'54; at Waterville, Me., i847-'54 ; served as chaplain first of Third Regt. Me. Vol. Infantry ; second of First Me. Heavy Artillery, 1861- '64; resided in Albany, N. Y., i865-'68; in Philadelphia, Pa., i869-'7i ; in Pigeon Cove, Mass., 1872 to his death, March 7, 1880. For tb.e two years, 1873-74, however, he was at Deering, Me., as professor of English Literature in Westbrook Seminary. While at Pigeon Cove he supplied regularly the pulpit of the An- nisquam church, Gloucester, until his health failed in 1879. He wrote two books, the first "A Sheaf from a Pastor's Field," Bos- ton, 1856, 12 mo. pp 384; the second, "Pigeon Cove and Vicin- ity," Boston, 1873, 16 mo. pp viii, 193. For a time in i860 he was editor of The Gospel Banner. He had fine poetic gifts and contributed to The Knickerbocker Magazine ; The National Era ; and The Universalist Ladies' Repository. He married, Sept. 14, 1845. Miss Adelia D. Norwood of Pigeon Cove, Mass., who bore to him two daughters. He was at once amiable and able, respected and loved. Geori^e Dickso)i Lindsay, the son of John and Mary Lindsay, was born in Portadown, County Armagh, Ireland. He was educated in the Methodist Connexional School, and the Methodist College, in Dublin and in part by private tutors. He early showed rare Inisiness talent and secured HISTORY OF WATERVILLi;. 449 in a wholesale tea-store a splendid position. It was his purpose to give his life to business and the prospect of success was flattering. Converted at the age of 21, he soon felt himself urgently called of God to the gospel ministry, and at once gave himself with characteristic energy and singleness of aim to preparation for this work. Coming early to this country and to this State his rare gifts and noble character were speedily recognized. He was appointed to the pastorate of the most important churches in his conference and in each appointment save the last, which was cut short by his final sickness, his pastor- ates were limited in time only by the rules of the denomination. He was a clear, strong, instructive and inspiring preacher, a laboriously faithful pastor, a public spirited citizen, and a wise, practical business manager. He at one time or another held every office of trust in the gift of his conference except that of presiding elder, which he declined to accept, belonged to the Free Masons and Odd Fellows fraternities, was chaplain of the Grand lodge of the Free Masons, was president of the Maine Chautauqua Union, and gave many lectures on various topics throughout Maine and occasionally elsewhere. He died in Waterville, Oct. 25, 1901, leaving a widow and four children. Rev. Bdward Lester Marsh, the present pastor of the Con- gregational church in Waterville, was born in Leicester, Mass., May 19, 1865. His parents (George E. and Mandana E. Marsh) heartily encouraged and cooperated with him in his pre- paration for his life work. He completed his preparation for college in his native town, graduating from Leices- ter Academy in 1884. He took his college course in Amherst, receiving the degree of A. B. in 1888 ; completed the Yale Divinity School course in 1891 (B. D.) and during the year fol- lowing was a graduate student in Andover Theological Seminary. He has completed, as yet, only one pastorate, that of the Congre- gational church in Yarmouth, Mass., where he was ordained in 1892. He resigned the Yarmouth pastorate in 1897 and at once accepted his present position. He has identified himself sym- pathetically and helpfully with all that makes for the city's wel- fare but without loss of devotion to the interests of his own church and society and the wider interests of his denomination throughout the State. He married on the 28th of November. 29 450 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 1893, Miss Mary Eliza Jenkins, and has two children, Elizabeth White and Mandana. His residence is 9 Park Street. Rev. George Bruce Nicholson, son of Orland H. and Carrie O. Nicholson was born in Boston, Mass., 1862 He attended the Boston public schools, afterward preparing for college at the Academy at Graceville, N. Y. After graduating from that insti- tution, he returned to Boston, where he was engaged in business for more than ten years during which time he was married to Adelaide Smith, also of Boston. In 1885, he became conscious of a vocation to the Sacred Ministry, and offered himself to Bishop Neely of Maine as a candidate for Holy Orders. He pur- sued theological studies under direction of designated priests in Boston, and after passing Canonical examinations was ordained by Bishop Neely, as deacon in Dec. 1891, and priest in Sept. 1893. He served seven years in Aroostook county, with residence at Fort Fairfield, was dean of the Convocation of Aroostook from its inception until he removed from the county, and was superin- tendent of the Fort Fairfield public schools during the last four years of residence there. He has been rector of St. Mark's Waterville, since Nov. 1899. ^ George Dana Boardman Pepper, D. D., LL. D., was born in Ware, Mass., Feb. 5, 1833, the son of John and Eunice (Hutch- inson) Pepper. He was educated in Williston Seminary, East- hampton, Mass., at Amherst College where he was graduated in 1857, and at Newton Theological Institution, finishing the full course in i860. He was ordained as pastor of the First Baptist church of Waterville, Sept. 6, i860. The same year he was married to Miss Annie Grassie of Bolton, Mass. After an able and successful pastorate in Waterville covering the period of the Civil War, Mr. Pepper resigned in 1865 to become Prof, of Eccles- iastical History at Newton Theological Institution. He remained until 1868 when he became Prof, of Systematic Theology at Cro- zer Theological Seminary which position he acceptably and hon- orably filled for fifteen years. In 18S2 he became President of Colby and Prof, of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy. During the years of his presidency he was revered for his character and ability and loved for his kindliness of heart. From '90 to '92 he 1. Sketch written by K. C. W. HISTORY OF WATERVII.LE. 45 1 was acting pastor of the Saco Baptist church ; in the latter year he returned to Waterville as Prof, of BibHcal Literature at Colby, holding the position until 1900. These are the mere outlines of a career as educator which has been remarkably and widely influ- ential and useful. Dr. Pepper has published "Outlines of System- atic Theology," also sermons and addresses and a very large number of essays and reviews in the leading magazines. His writing has been mostly on theological and ethical lines. He contributes to this volume the chapter on the churches of Water- ville, also biographical sketches of the ministers of the city. Dr. Pepper received the degree of D. D. from Colby in 1867 and from Amherst in 1882. From Lewisburg University he received the degree of LL.D. in 1882 and from Colby the same degree in i8go. The children of Dr. and Airs. Pepper are Charles Hovey, the artist, of Concord, Mass., Jessie Elizabeth, wife of Prof. F. W. Padelford of the University of Washington, and Annie Hutchin- son, wife of Prof. Everett W. Varney of Philadelphia. Rev. Arthur G. Pettcng^ill, son of Elisha and Elizabeth J. C. (Eaton) Pettengill, was born in Brewer, Me., Oct. 30, 1858. He is a graduate of the Brewer High school, of Bowdoin College and of Yale Divinity School in which he also took one year of gradu- ate work (1887- '88). From the college he received the degree of A. B. and from the Divinity School that of B. D. He has had pastorates in Warren, Me., 2nd Cong, ch., i885-'87, in St. Cloud, Minn., ist Cong. ch. i889-'90, Hyde Park, Mass., Unit. Soc, i895-'99, and in Waterville, Me., 1900 to the present. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. On the 30th of June, 1896, he married Miss Bertha F. Capen by whom he has three child- ren, Miriam, Rodney G. and Richard E. His residence is on Dalton Street. ReT. J. Frank Rhoades is a son of Rev. Jabez and Mary A. (Mills) Rhoades, and was born in Auburn, N. Y. He prepared for college in the Auburn schools and was graduated from the Iowa Central University. He began his public life as a teacher. For several years he owned and managed Versailles Academy, Versailles, Mo., and for some years with his wife as assistant teacher, had charge of Geneva Academy, Geneva, Kan. He served in the Civil War as surgeon's steward on board the gun- boat Gammage No. 60, Miss. Squadron, and has been pastor of 452 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. the following Universalist churches : Seneca, Kan., Blue Island, (Chicago) 111.. Barre, Vl., Bellows Falls, Vt., Biddeford, Fair- field and Waterville, Me. In 1863 he married Miss Elvira L. Keith of White Rock, 111., and has one child, Mrs. Louise Carlossa (Rhoades) Purnelle. Rev. Josiah Lafayette Seivard, S. T. D., son of David and Arvilla (Mathews) Seward, was born in Sullivan, N. H., April 17, 1845. He was graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy in 1864; from Harvard University with degree of A. B. in 1868, taking the degree of A. M. in 1871 ; from Harvard Divinity School with degree of S. T. B. in 1874, receiving in 1898 from Colby Univcr.sity the degree of S. T. D. ; was ordained as pastor over the Unitarian church and society of Lowell, Mass., Dec. 31, 1874: and was pastor of the First Unit. Soc. and church in Waterville, Me., Aug. i, 1888-Nov. 5, 1893; of Unity church, Boston, Mass. (Allston District) i893-'99, since which time he has been engaged in teaching and literary work. He has done valuable work as a director of Lowell's City Library and of the School Board of Waterville ; has written reports and articles for periodicals, and is now writing "A History of Sullivan, N. H., to Its 20th Century." He has never married and his present resi- dence is 47 Emerald street, Keene, N. H. Rev. Benjamin Pranklin Shazv, D. D., son of Josiah and Tabitha (Watson) Shaw, was born in Gorham, Me., Oct. 26, 1814. He entered Waterville College in 1833, a member of the class of 1837. In consequence of some class difficulty with the faculty, several left for other colleges. Young Shaw went to Dartmouth and was graduated from that college in 1837 but was afterward enrolled anion^ the graduates of Waterville College, so that his name stands with the class of 1837 in Colby's General Catalogue. This college also honored him with the honorary degrees of A. M. in 1871 and of D. D. in 1872. In 1870 he was made a member of its board of trustees and retained his place on the board until his death. He studied theolog}' one year in the Newton Theological Institution, i839-'40, and was ordained to the gospel ministry in 1843. He was the pastor of Baptist churches successively (and always successfully) in China, Liberty, Thomaston, Waterville, Dexter and Skowhegan, all in Alaine, served a period as missionary of the Maine Baptist Convention, HISTORY 01' WATERVILLE. 453 and in this relation often also as occasional or permanent supply- in other churches did much valuable work. He loved his own State and refused flattering calls to important churches elsewhere, He loved especially to work among the smaller churches though having ample power to serve the larger. Dr. Shaw became pastor of the First Baptist church in Waterville in 1867 and after that until his death (Feb. 23. 1897,) resided here. The last years were years of a painful sickness, but of unimpaired strength of mind. He married Miss Mary J. Pratt about 1841. Their children are Ellen O. now Mrs. George F. Hunt of Newton, Mass, Maria, now Mrs. Frank A. Washburne of Thomaston, Me., Addie F., who was the wife of F. B. Philbrick, and Frank Kingsbery, now judge of the Waterville Municipal court. Dai'id NeiL'ton Sheldon was born June 26, 1807, at Suflield, Conn., the son of David and Elizabeth (Hall) Sheldon. He was fitted for college at Westfield, Mass., entered Williams College in the sophomore class, and graduated in 1830 with the valedic- tory oration. He was a tutor one year at Williams College, i83i-'32. He studied theology at Newton Theological Institu- tion, i832-'35, graduating in 1835 and being ordained as a Bap- tist minister the same year. He was married in Chelsea, Mass., Oct. 15, 1835, to Rachel Hobart Ripley, who was born in Boston and came of early colonial and Huguenot ancestry. She was a daughter of John and Jane (Molineux) Ripley. Oct. 25, 1835, they sailed for France, where he was a Baptist missionary, most of the time in Paris, but for about six months of 1839 in Donai. They returned to this country in the latter part of 1839. He was pastor of the Granville St., Baptist church, Halifax, N. S., from May 16, 1840, to Nov. 5, 1841, and came to Waterville, Maine, May 14, 1S42, and was pastor of the Baptist church one year, meanwhile giving instruction in French in the college. From 1843 to 1853 he was president of Waterville College and Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy; received the degree of D. D. from Brown University in 1847, and was a mem- ber of the board of trustees, of Waterville College, 1853-1889. In 1853 he removed with his family to Bath, Maine, where he was for about three years pastor of the Baptist church. He then became pastor of the Uni- tarian church in Bath, and in 1862 returned to Water- 454 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. ville, where he was pastor of the First Unitarian Society until 1878. He died in Waterville, Oct. 4, 1889. His wife survived him until 1896. He left also five children, Jane Ripley, the old- est, who died in England in 1898. Henry Newton, Orlando Wil- bur, Chauncey Cooley, Edward Stevens. Four other children died it\ childhood. During his life he published occasional ser- mons and was a contributor to the Christian Review. In 1856 was published a volume under the title "Sin and Redemption,"^ containing twelve of his sermons and also an address on Moral Freedom delivered in 1855 before the literar}- societies of Water- ville College. He was much interested in the schools of Water- ville, and as a member of the school committee was actively con- cerned in their improvement. Rev. Joseph Oberlin Skinner, son of David and Abigail Skin- ner, was born in Piermont, N. H., Feb. 18, 1816; received a com- mon school education: taught school i832-'33; was employed in a Lowell, Mass., cotton mill, i834-'35 ; studied theology under Rev. Sylvanus Cobb, D. D., at Maiden, Mass, i836-'37: was ordained at Salem, N. H., Aug. 31, 1837: was pastor of Univer- salist churches as follows: in Holliston, Mass., i837-'40; Fram- ingham, Mass., i840-'44; Dudley, Mass., 1844- '46; Concord, Mass., i846-'48; Ludlow, Vt., i848-'5o: Chester, Vt., i850-'S3; Rockland, Me., i853-'59; Nashua, N. ?L. i859-'62; St. Albans, Vt., i863-'65; Malone, N. Y., i865-'67: East MontpeHer, Vt, i867-'69 ; Waterville, Me., i869-'73. He continued to reside at Waterville, supplying at Vassalboro, Fairfield and Sidney, and after an illness of 11 months died in Waterville, Jan. 12, 1879. He was twice married, first in May, 1846, to Miss Maria T. Barn- ard of Hartford, Conn., who died, Aug. 1852; second in June, 1854, to Miss Condace L. Fullam of Ludlow, Vt. He was a Free Mason ; wrote a "History of the Masonic Lodge, Water- ville," edited "The Universalist Year Book," i867-'78; was asso- ciate editor of "Christian Reporter" and contributed to "Univer- salist Quarterly." He left in ]MSS much material for the history of Waterville. Rev. Samuel Francis Smith. D. D., was bom in Boston, Oct. 21, 1808, and died in the same city, Nov. 16, 1895. The exact 1. New York, Sheldon; Lftmport * Bliikenmn, Boston; Goul.\ & Lincoln, Chica- go; 8. C. Griggs & Co. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 455 lensfth of liis life, therefore, was eighty-seven years and twenty- five days. Fitting for college in the Boston Latin School, where he won "'the Franklin Medal for primacy in scholarship," he went directly to Harvard and was graduated at the age of twenty-one, and thence to Andover Theological Seminary from which he was graduated at the age of twenty-four. After a year of edi- torial work in Boston he became pastor of the Baptist church in Waterville and the Professor of Modern Languages in the col- lege. Soon after his settlement in Waterville he was married to Miss Mary White Smith who made bright and glad his remain- ing years and still lives in the Newton Center home. After eight years at Waterville, Dr. Smith moved to Newton Center, Alass., to become pastor of the Baptist church in that place and to edit "The Christian Review," a Baptist quarterly. He served as editor seven years, as pastor twelve years and a half and for the next fifteen years was "Editorial Secretary of the Missionary L'nion," but continued to preach, usually as stated supply of some neighboring church. He loved to preach and till his death was often in the pulpit. Fittingly his death in Boston came suddenly while on his way to supply a pulpit. During his thirty-six years of public life and indeed to the end, he was a diligent student. Ever receiving, he also, as author, was ever giving. Fugitive pieces in the daily and weekly press ; quarterly review articles ; translations from German, French and Swedish writers ; books historical, biographical and poetical, — these are worthy products of an ever busy, fruitful and able pen. As a writer of our National hymn and of hymns of Christian worship, he is best known. His missionary hymn, "The Morning Light is Break- ing," is one of many widely known and much loved and sung. His hymns, in part, have been translated into foreign languages and when in his old age he visited the missionary stations of India and Burmah he heard them sung by the native Christians in their own languages. His last published volume was "Poems of Home and Country," and Prof. Alvah Hovey, D. D., in an unpublished memorial address, says of this volume that all who read it "must have been surprised and gratified by the revelations which it makes of his afifectionate devotion to wife and children." an affection and devotion fully reciprocated. One of his child- ren, President Daniel A. \\\ Smith, D. D., of Burmah is one of 45^ HISTORY OF WATERVII.LE. the most distinguished of the missionaries of the Baptist denomi- nation. Rev. IVilliam H. Spencer, D. D., son of David H. and Mary A. Spencer, was born in Knox, N. Y., Sep. 2, 1838 ; began his college course in Madison University, Hamilton, N. Y., but left to serve in the Union army ; completed his college course at Brown Uni- versity which gave him then the degree of A. B. and afterwards (1890) the honorary degree of D. D. ; was graduated from New- ton Theological. Seminary, Newton, Mass., in 1869. and ordained as pastor of the Baptist church, Foxboro, Mass., the same year ; remained there as pastor until April, 1879, when he became pas- tor of the First Baptist church, Waterville, Me. ; served this church with rare wisdom, ability and success until Feb., 1899, when he resigned his pastorate to accept that of the Bethany Bap- tist Church, Skowhegan, which he still retains. Leaving his studies in Hamilton, N. Y., for the service of his country, he enlisted in 6tst N. Y. Vols, and became successively 2nd lieut., 1st lieut., captain and major; lost a leg on the battlefield; suf- fered as a prisoner of war ; and has continued to the present his patriotic services by orations, addresses and papers pre- ])ared for army reunions, Decoration Days and other special occasions. On the 12th of October, 1869, he married Miss Mary E. Stevens, daughter of the late Rev. Edw. A. Stevens, D. D., long an eminent Baptist missionary in Burmah, and sister of Rev. Edw. O. Stevens, D. D., well known in Waterville and now returned to Burmah to con- tinue his missionary services. He has two children, Charles Worthen, now Professor of History in Colgate University, and Henry Russell. His residence is Skowhegan, Me. Rev. Edzvin Carey Whittemore, son of Isaac and Elizabeth (Hatch) Whittemore, was bom in Dexter, Me., Apr. 29, 1858. He prepared for college in the Dexter High School and Coburn Classical Institute; graduated from C. C. I. in 1875; from Colby University in 1879 and from Newton Theological Institution in 1882. Ordained as pastor of the Baptist church in New Boston, N. H., in 1882, he was pastor of that church two years and has since been the pastor of Baptist churches in Auburn, Me., (1884- '89) and in Damariscotta (i889-'99). Since 1899 he has been pastor of the First Baptist church of \\'aterville. He is author HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 457 of "History of Damariscotta Association," "Historyof First Bap- tist Church of Nobleboro," "Seventy-five years of the Maine Bap- tist ]VIissionary Convention," etc., is chairman of the editorial board of the Centennial History of Waterville, and furnishes for the Centennial Historical volume the chapter on the general his- tory of Waterville, th's being the historical address delivered at the centennial celebration. His constant advance in pulpit ability and pastoral efficiency and his valuable services to the denomina- tional interests of the State as a member of the permanent commit- tee of the Maine Baptist Convention, and in other ways have given him rank among the foremost Baptist ministers of Maine. On the 25th of July, 1879, he married Miss Ida Macomber, by whom he has one child, Bertha Carey, who is a member of the class of 1904, Colby College. Mr. Whittemore is a member of the American Historical Association and of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Memorial of Nathaniel Milton Wood zmth sermons, edited by Nathaniel Butler, Lewiston, Me., Geo. A. Callahan, printer, 1877. In this octavo volume of 14.2 pages are contained the "Memorial Address" by the editor (father of ex-president Butler) and seven sermons of Dr. Wood, selected by the editor. The address is an accurate statement of the principal facts of Dr. Wood's life, and a sympathetic and just estimate of his ability, character and work. To this volume the reader of this notice is referred for a satis- factory knowledge of this able man and minister. He was born in Camden, Me., in 1822. When nearly twenty years of age his father, Ephriam Wood, who was engaged in extensive mer- cantile and commercial pursuits, allowed him to choose whether to take his share in the patrimony for use in a like business or for classical study. He chose the latter and entered Waterville Col- lege in 1840, and was graduated with honor in 1844. In his junior year he experienced a radical change of religious life and in 1843 was baptised into the Camden Baptist church. After a year in Mississippi, he returned to Covington, Ky., where for a year and a half he studied theology under Dr. R. E. Pattison, pre- viously president of Waterville College, and then president of the Western Baptist Theological Institute. In 1848 he became pastor of the Bloomfield (now Skowhegan) Baptist church. His subse- quent pastorates, all of them like his first, characterized by sig- 458 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. nal power and fmitfulness, were in Waterville, Lewiston and Thomaston, in ]\Iaine, and in Upper Alton, 111. In the latter place he filled the chair of Systematic TheologA- in Shurtleff College For six years he was a member of the board of trustees of the college. He resigned his professorship and returned east in 1874. He resided in Boston and supplied churches occasion- ally until April, 1876. His health had now failed and in July following he returned to Camden to end his earthly life where he began it. He married Miss Caroline L. Bray, by whom he had three daughters, Marie E., Carrie Ella and Annie P. D()'"|-(>l: MDSKS AI'IM.l'yiNl.N CHAPTER XXIIl. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. By Frederick Charles Thayer, M. D. For many years the profession of medicine divided with law and divinity the title of learned. It has always been, is now, and must ever continue to be both useful and honorable. It demands in the exercise of its duties altogether as much of brain and heart as any of life's great callings. In this and in every other civi- lized country medicine is so closely connected with the social and sanitary condition of the people upon the one hand, and with the status of education and general science on the other, that its pro- gress in the past, its position at the present, and the possibilities of its future render it a most interesting subject for study and contemplation. From the time when someone discovered that a broken limb laid straight and retained in that position was more comfortable and gave better results than one left without such care, the medi- cal man has been an important factor in the community. Up from the very dawn of history through myth, fable and tradition, through ill defined experiences, tinged with ignorance and super- stition, medicine has advanced from its small beginnings to become a recognized science, and the doctor has in every age constantly and unselfishly devoted himself in so far as he was able to the well-being of the people under his care. A history of the medical profession of Waterville during its first century of corporate life would necessarily be to a great extent a review of medical progress for the Nineteenth Century. However much of interest and instruction might obtain from such a review it would obviously be out of place and require too much 460 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. space to recount the wonderful achievements which as a science and an art it has recorded since the year 1802. It requires no proof for it is a truism, that scientific medicine owes more to the discoveries made during this period than in all the years of which history gives an account. Anesthetics and antisepsis have revolutionized the methods of surgical practice making possible procedures otherwise unattain- able, thus adding unnumbered years to human life, and reducing human suffering to a minimum point not even dreamed of by the most optimistic medical man of a century ago. The realm of definite, practical, medical knowledge has been vastly broadened by the recent progress in pathology, clinical microscop} , and bacteriology which have made possible an under- standing of the causation and history of diseased conditions, and, correspondingly, modifications have taken place in the previously existing views of their prevention and treatment, much to the advantage of the profession and the betterment of the human race. The progressive march of medical science is the result of the intelligent, constant, persistent, unselfish labor of the medical man. No labor is too arduous, no investigation too difficult, no duty too dangerous, to deter the practitioner of the healing art from prosecuting his noble work. The pleasures of life, personal comfort, health, yes, life itself, is as freely and heroically sacri- ficed in the search for means of prevention and cure of disease as has ever been done by the martyrs to religious faith or political principle. It is a curious and lamentable fact however, that while the world seems ever ready to do kingly honors, to sing peans of praise, and erect magnificent mausoleums to the memory of the wholesale slayers of human life, those who have done so much to preserve life and to bring health and comfort to the human race receive but scant praise for all they have accomplished. Giving no thought to personal honor or emolument, the profes- sions continues to prosecute its humane work, knowing that a duty well and nobly done is its own recompense. From the time of Dr. John McKechnie to the present, there have always been in Waterville members of the profession who have stood preeminent for learning and professional skill. HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. 461 their council and advice having been sought by physicians from all the surrounding country. Not only have they been earnest seekers after the fundamental truths of their profession, honest, painstaking, and expert in the performance of their professional duty, they have also been ever ready to lend their aid in every good work. Indeed the medical men of Waterville are well typified in the history of its first three physicians, Dr. John Mc- Kechnie, Obadiah Williams and Moses Appleton. Besides being educated and skilled in their profession, they have ever been active and useful as citizens, possessed of practical judge- ment, having a large share of good common sense, full of enter- prise and public spirit, they have always been found at the fore in all matters pertaining to the social, moral and business welfare of the community. The writer takes this opportunity to return his thanks to Mr. Frank W. Alden for the very valuable assistance he has rendered in accumulating and arranging the data for the following bio- graphical sketches. V Dr. John McKecknie, an educated Scotch physician, came to this country in 1755, settled in Winslow in 1771, and in 1775 moved to this side of the river. During the stay of Arnold's army at Fort Halifax, Dr. McKechnie acted as their surgeon. Besides attending to his medical duties he was an active civil engineer and business man. Many of his original surveys are still extant. He was the father of thirteen children. He was buried on the south side of Western Avenue on the high land just west of Hayden brook where his son, Obadiah, and many other early settlers were buried. This is believed to be the first burial ground in Waterville. ^ Dr. Obadiah WiUiains was born in Antrim, N. H., March 21st, 1752. He participated in the battle of Bunker Hill and after- wards served as surgeon in General Stark's regiment throughout the revolution. Some time after the war he moved to Sidney where he practiced his profession for a while, moving to Water- ville in 1792. Here he married Hannah Clifford who bore him seven children, five boys and two girls. Dr. Williams was a pub- lic spirited man as well as a good physician and was held in high esteem by the community. He gave the land for the first meet- ing house, now the Common in front of the new City Hall. He 462 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. built the first frame house in W'aterville and it is still occupied. He died in 1799. Both Dr. IMcKechnie and Dr. Williams died as citizens of Winslow, Lincoln County, Massachusetts, Water- ville not then having been incorporated. Dr. Moses Appleton was born in Ipswich, N. H., in 1783, came to Watervillc, then known as Ticonic village, of the town of Winslow, Lincoln County, Massachusetts, in 1796. After hav- ing completed his medical studies under Governor Brooks of Medford, Mass., where he received the degree of ]\L D. from the Massachusetts Medical Society, he began the practice of medicine here. He opened the first drug store in Waterville and was for many years the most prominent physician of this section. He was the first resident physician of the incorporated town of Waterville. He died in 1849. (Drs. McKechnie, Williams and Appleton are treated more fully in the chapter of early settlers, where a more complete sketch of their lives will be found.) In 1807, Dr. Wright and Dr. Bigelo'.i', practiced medicine here for a short time only. It is to be regretted that no further information can be discovered concerning them. Dr. Daniel Cook was born in Kingston, Mass., July 29th, 1785, graduated from Brown University in 1809. He studied medi- cine in Boston, practicing there for a short time. He was an assistant surgeon in the army during the war of 1812, coming to Waterville about that time, and associating himself with Dr. Appleton. He quickly became identified with the place, was made a director of the old Waterville Bank in 1814, in 1816, was elected representative to the Massachusetts legislature. In 1820, he built the first brick dwelling house in Waterville, which is now standing just south of the L^^nitarian church, and which he sold in 1834 or 5, to Dr. Stephen Thayer. In 1833 he was cashier of Ticonic Bank. He moved to Maumee, Ohio, in 1834, and died there in 1863. He married Clarissa Watson of Portsmouth, N. H., January 12th, 1813. To them were born six children, one of whom is now living, Daniel Francis Cook, of Maumee, Ohio, who is remarkably well and vigorous at eighty-eight years of age. Dr. Cook's eldest daughter married Hon. W. B. S. Moor of Waten'ille, formerly U. S. Senator. DOCTOR STEPHEN THAYER. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 463 'Dr. Hall Chase was tlie son of Thomas Chase of Fryeburg, Me., where he was born April 7, 1792. He received his early education in the common schools of Fryeburg, and afterward graduated from Dartmouth college where he received the degree of JM. D. He came to Waterville in 1812, where he practiced his profession for 39 years. He died July 21, 185 1. He was a surgeon in the State militia and a member of Waterville Lodge, F. & A. M. He was married to Hannah McMillen Spring of Saco, February 25, 1819, and had five children, Helen Maria; Marshall Spring ; Geo. Randolph ; John Spring, and Julia S. John is still living in New York city. Dr. Clark Lillybridge was a student in \\'aterville College, theological department, in 1821. He afterwards went to Bow- doin and graduated from the medical department in 1824. He settled in Waterville and became prominent in town afifairs. He was a member of Waterville Lodge, F. & A. M. He married a daughter of Abijah Smitli. After a few years he moved to Staf- ford, Conn. Dr. Samuel Plaisted was born in Gardiner, Me., November 21, 1801. Son of Ichabod and Charity (Church) Plaisted. He was graduated from Brown University in 1825. received the degree of M. D. from the Maine Medical School in 1828. He directly came to Waterville where he practiced his profession until the time of his death, April 14, 1862, being recognized as one of the foremost physicians in this vicinity. June 22, 1830, he married Mar}' Jane Appleton, daughter of Dr. Appleton. They had three children, Aaron Appleton. James Hamilton, and Florence. Aaron Appleton and Florence are still residing here. Dr. Plaisted was active in business circles, was one of the direc- tors of the old Waterville Bank, and in the early fifties was inter- ested together with several other Waterville men in the manu- facturing of paper. ^ Dr. Stephen Thayer was of French Hugenot extraction and descended from both Pilgrim and Puritan stock. His earliest American ancestor of the name came from Braintree, England, and settled in Braintree, Mass.. in 1631. His great-great grand- father married Huldah Haywood, who was a grand-daughter of Thomas, through whom the line is carried back to Experience Mitchell who came to Plymouth in the Ann in 1623, and mar- 464 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. ricd Jane Cook of the Mayflower. Stephen was born in Uxbridge, Mass., on February 7, 1783. He attended the Ips- wich Academy and studied medicine with Dr. Muzzy of Ipswich, receiving the degree of M. D. from the Massachusetts Medical Society. He married Sophia Carleton of Vassalboro, May 13, 1808, to them were bom thirteen children. Albert C, Charles H., Sophia A., Mary Y., Stephen S., Harriet N., George, Eme- line F., Elmira, Elvira, George H., Martha C, and Lorenzo Eugene. Harriet, Emeline and George H., are still living. His second wife was Mary Carleton whom he married Februarv' 10, 1832. He practiced in \'assalborough, China and Fairfield, mov- ing to Waterville in 1835. During the war of 1812, he served as surgeon for a short time in Lieut.-Col. Herbert Moor's regi- ment. He was a delegate to the Constitutional convention held in Portland, October 11, 1819. He had a large practice, both medical and surgical in the counties of Kennebec and Somerset. He died May 24, 1852. He always lived in the old brick house just south of the Unitarian church. His descendants in Water- ville are Dr. F. C. Thayer, Frances A. Atwood, Mrs. Florence O. Couillard, grandchildren. Nathan Pulsifer, L. Eugene, and Frank L. Thayer, great grandchildren. He was a charter mem- ber of Waterville Lodge, F. S: A. M., and its first treasurer. Dr. Joseph F. Potter during the early forties, practiced medi- cine here for several years. While here J. F. Noyes and V. P. Coolidge were at different times medical students under his direc- tion. About 1845, he moved to Cincinnati. Ohio, where he built up a large and lucrative practice, becoming quite prominent as a medical teacher as well as practitioner. Dr. l'\ P. Coolidge came from Livermore, Ale., studied medi- cine with Dr. Potter. He afterwards opened an office here and soon became a very popular physician. He is most prominent for having committed the only murder ever done in Waterville, when he killed his friend, Edward Mathews, on September 30, 1847. He afterwards died in the State prison. Dr. Nathaniel A'. Boiitelle was the son of Timothy and Helen (Rogers) Boutelle, and was born June 13, 1821. Timothy Bou- telle was one of the most eminent lawyers of the State during the early part of the century. Nathaniel received his education in the schools of Waterville and Waterville College. He gradu- HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. 465 ated from the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, in 1847. In 1848, he took post graduate courses in the Pennsylvania Hos- pital and the Obstetrical Institute of Philadelphia. He immedi- ately settled in Waterville where he remained until his death. He married Alary Keeley, daughter of Prof. G. W. Keely of Waterville College. They had two sons, Timothy and George K., the latter an attorney and now practicing in this city. In 1857, Dr. Boutelle did more post graduate work in Europe. In 1864, in response to a call for surgical assistance, he was assigned to hospital duty at Fredericksburg, where he performed very efficient service. Dr. Boutelle was ranked as one of the most skilled and learned physicians of the State. He was a member of the JMame Medical Association and one of its founders. He was a member of Waterville Lodge, F. & A. M. In 1875, he was made a director of the Ticonic Bank, and from 1884 until the time of his death was its president. He died in December, 1890. Dr. Robert Thompson Davis was born in County Down, Ire- land, on August 28, 1823, being the son of John and Sarah (Thompson) Davis. He was educated at the Friends School, Providence, R. I., and Amesbury Academy. He graduated from Harvard Medical School in 1847. After receiving his degree he came to Waterville where he practiced medicine for three ^•ears, he then moved to Fall River, Mass., where he at once sprung into prominence. He was a member of the Massachu- setts Constitutional Convention in 1853. In the Massachusetts Senate, 1859-61. Mayor of tall River in 1873, member of Congress in 1883-89. Aletropolitan sewerage commissioner in 1889-92. Member of the Massachusetts State Board of Health, also member of the Massachusetts State Board of Charities. He was twice married, in 18.48 to Sarah C. Wilbur, and in 1862 to Susan Ann Hight. He has one child, Robert Charles. Dr. Davis is still a resident of Fall River, Mass. Dr. J. F. A^oycs was born August 2, 181 7, at South Kingston, R. I. He was the son of Robert Fanning and Sarah (Arnold) Noyes. He received his early education at Kingston Academy and Rev. Thomas Vernor's Latin School. In 1842 he began the study of medicine with Dr. Potter of Waterville. graduating 30 466 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. at the Jefferson IMedical College of Philadelphia in 1846. In 1849 he commenced the practice of medicine in Waterville. In 1852 he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he became associated with Dr. Potter, who had previously moved there. In 1854, he sailed for Europe, where he spent two years in study. He then returned to Waterville where he entered upon a large practice. In 1858 he again went to Europe where he spent a year in study, spending most of the time in Paris, ^^'hile there he was elected a member of the American Medical Society. He returned to Waterville in 1859 where he remained until 1863. During which period he had a large and growing practice. He performed many capital surgical operations and did a large consulting busi- ness. In 1863 he moved to Detroit, Michigan, where he at once entered upon a brilliant career. In 1873 he was appointed pro- fessor of Ophthalmology and Otology in the Detroit Medical College, and later Ophthalmic surgeon to the St. Mary's, Harper and Woman's Hospital. These positions he held for ten years. Dr. Noyes was a member of the following societies: American Medical Association, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Ophthalmological and Otological Society, Michigan State Medical Society, Detroit Academy of Medicine, of which he was president in 1873, Detroit Medical and Library Association, Pioneer and Historical Society. Rhode Island His- torical Society, American Laryngological Rhinological and Oto- logical Society. He was al.so an honorary member of the Ohio, Rhode Island, Maine and Texas JMedical Associations. In 1895 he donated a permanent free bed in the Rhode Island Hospital. He also took an active interest in establishing Oak Grove Asy- lum, at Flint, Michigan, a retreat for the insane, and provided funds for the erection of an amusement hall for the inmates, to be known as Noyes' Hall. He was made a Mason in Waterville Lodge in 1857. He died, February 16, 1896, and in accordance with his wish as expressed in his will "for sanitary reasons and as an example in the interest of humanity" his remains were cremated and his ashes now rest in Riverside Cemetery at Paw- tucket, R. I. Dr. Nathan Goldsmith Howard Pidsifcr was horn in the town of Eden, Mt. Desert Island, INIaine, January 24, 1824, son of Moses R. and Mary (Dunn) Pulsifer. He graduated from the HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 467 Dartmouth Medical School in 1S47, went to Cahfornia in 1849. returning, studied Homeopathy in Philadelphia, graduating from that school in 1852. He came to Waterville the same year, where he at once built up a large practice. His judgment of financial affairs was of a high order and he was for many years president of the People's National Bank, which office he held at the time of his death. October 24, 1855, he married Ann Cornelia Moor, daughter of \Vm. Moor one of the prominent business men of Waterville. To them were born four children, two daughters, Norah, wife of the late Frank L. Thayer, Cornelia, wife of H. L. Kelley, and two sons, Wm. M., and Ralph H., both of whom have been resident phvsicians in this citv. He died December 8, 1893. Dr. John Benson and Dr. L. P. Babb both practiced medicine in \\'^atervi!le in the early fifties, for a short time. Dr. Benson was one of the founders of the Maine Medical Association, was a member of Waterville Lodge, F. & A. M., was surgeon in the United States medical service during the Civil War, moved to Newport in about 1853. Dr. Babb moved to Eastport where he died a few years ago. Dr. Byron Porter was born in Vienna, Me., May 11, 1802. He was graduated from the Maine Medical School in 1827. He practiced in Newburg, Dixmont, Hampden and Bangor, moving to Waterville in the latter part of 1857. Dr. Porter was mar- ried, March 21, 1831, to Eliza Jane Morse, to them were born five children. He purchased and lived for some time on the estate now owned and occupied by Geo. Fred Terry. He after- wards resided on the comer of College avenue and Union street, in the house now occupied by Dr. Knox. Because of declining health he went with his family, early in 1870, to southern New Jersey. He died at Worcester, Mass., in February, 1871. His son Parker and daughters Octavia and Evelyn are still living, and it is from Rev. William Churchill Reade, husband of Octavia that the data for this sketch was obtained. Dr. Thomas Albert Foster was born in Montville, Me., Febru- ary 20, 1827. He was the son of Thomas D. and Joanna (Carter) Foster. He was educated in the common schools of his native town, studied medicine at Albany Medical College, receiv- ing the degree of M. D. from the Pennsvlvania Medical School 468 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. in 1856. He came to Waterville the same year, practicinj:;^ his profession until 1859, when he moved to Portland where he became very prominent. He died November 27, 1896. Dr. Henry Hancock Campbell was born at Farmington, Me., in 1820. Son of Moses and Abigail (Hancock) Campbell. He received his early education at Bloomfield Academy and the famous "Little Blue" school of Farmington. He graduated at the Dartmouth A^edical school in 1848, taking a supplementary degree at the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia in 1849. Beginning practice at Fairfield Center immediately, where he remained until 1857, when he spent a year in the hospitals of Europe, after which he settled in Waterville where he built up a large general practice. He was a member of the State and County medical societies, also a member of the Congregational church at Waterville. Dr. Campbell was largely interested in real estate, having large holdings at the time of his death. He was one of the members of the committee who called the first Republican convention ever held in Somerset County. In 1852 he married Julia A. Tobey, and to them were born five children, two of whom are now living, Annie J., wife of Rev. C. D. Crane, of Yarmouth, Me., and Dr. Geo. R. Campbell, who is a practic- ing phvsician in Augusta, Me. Dr. Campbell died in lanuary, 1895. ' Dr. Atwood Crosby was born in Albion, Me., November i, 1838. He was the son of Luther and Ethelinda (Getchell) Crosby. He entered Waterville College in 1859. remaining until 1861, when he enlisted as a private in the 3rd Maine Regi- ment, U. S. V. He was captured at the first Battle of Bull Run, anl for eleven months was in Libby Prison. He was paroled in June 1862. He at once began the study of medicine with Dr. Boutelle, attending lectures at Harvard and the Maine Medi- cal School where he received the degree of M. D. in 1864. He entered the United States Navy immediately upon his graduation, as a surgeon anrl served until the end of the war. He practiced at China and Buckfield. In 1866 he came to Waterville and associated himself with his former preceptor, Dr. N. R. Boutelle. He was married August 13, 1864, to Elizabeth Hanscom, by whom he had one child, Mary S. His wife died about 1867. In February, 1870, he married Samantha (Perkins) Wilson. To HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 469 them were born four children, Carroll, Katherine, Margaret H., and Atwood H. In every relation of life and under most adverse circumstances Dr. Atwood Crosby was always the true man. He died January 25, 1883. Dr. Frederick Charles Thayer was born in Waterville, Sep- tember 30, 1844. He was the only child of Charles H. and Susan E. (Tobey) Thayer, and the grandson of Dr. Stephen Thayer. He attended the common schools, Waterville Academy and Franklin Family School for boys at Topsham, Me. Entered Waterville College in 1861, went to Union College in 1863. Studied medicine with Dr. James E. Pomfret of Albany, N. Y. Attended the medical lectures of Albany Medical College, 1865-66. He graduated from the Maine Medical School in 1867. December 2, 1871, he married Leonora L. Snell, daughter of Judge Wm. B. Snell of Washington, D. C. He was president of Kennebec County Medical Association in 1878, was president of Alumni Association of the Medical department of Bowdoin College, which he was intrumental in founding, in 1885-6. In 1884 the degree of A. M. was conferred upon him by Colby Uni- versity. In 1885-6 was a member of the Legislature, and in the latter year delivered the annual oration before the Maine Medical Association. Was president of the Maine Medical Association in 1887-8. Was alderman of Waterville in 1889. He has been master of Waterville Lodge, F. & A. M. Commander of St. Omer Commandery, K. T., and is now deputy grand commander of the Grand Commandery of Maine. He has served in the State militia as assistant surgeon and surgeon of the 2d Regi- ment, medical director of the ist Brigade and surgeon-general on the staff of Governor Henry B. Cleaves. He was the first presi- dent of the Waterville Trust Company and is now one of its directors. He is president of the Sawyer Publishing Company and the Riverview Worsted Mills and a director of the W. W. & F. R. R. Co. He founded and has been president of the Waterville Clinical Society. He is now president of the Board of U. S. Pension Examining Surgeons at Augusta, consulting surgeon to the Maine Central General Hospital at Lewiston, and to the City Hospital at Augusta. By his skill and success in capital surgical cases Dr. Thayer early gained an eminent position in his profession, which position he has ever 470 HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. since maintained. In addition to the care of his large business interests he has been prominently identified with all movements for the development and progress of the city for many years. He was president of the centennial committee of one hundred and of the executive committee, and the success of the celebra- tion is due in no small degree to his faithful attention and to his efficient generalship. Dr. Thayer lives in the house where he was born, No. 214 Main street. Dr. David P. StowcU was born in Townsend, Mass., September 22, 1838. He was the son of Rev. David and Emily C. (Stanett) Stowell. He graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy in 1857. Was in Amherst College one year, studied medicine at Dart- mouth Medical School, taking the degree of M. D. from the Uni- versity of New York in 1862. He served one year in the regu- lar army as an assistant surgeon. November, 1863 he was com- missioned as assistant surgeon of the 8th New Hampshire Regi- ment, U. S. v., and served until June, 1864. He practiced medi- cine in Masonsville, N. H., and Mercer, Me., moving to W'ater- ville in 1878. In 1863, May 21st, he was married to Sarah E. Batchelder of Mt. Vernon. He has been in the city government as a member of the common council and has also been on the board of education. He is a Mason and a member of W. S. Heath Post, G. A. R. Dr. Stowell resides at No. 232 Main street. Dr. Frederick Morse Wilson was born at Hebron, December 8, 1850. He was the son of Rev. Adam and Sarah (Ricker) Wilson. He graduated from Colby College in 1S71, received the degree of M. D. from Harvard Medical School in 1875. He practiced medicine in Waterville but a few years, when he moved to Bridgeport, Conn., where he has a large special prac- tice in eye and ear work. He is Ophthalmic surgeon to several hospitals and is a member of many medical societies. He mar- ried Carrie A. Scommers, November 13, 1883. They have two children and he resides at Bridgeport, Conn. Dr. George Bassett Hozvard was born in Winslow, Maine, in 1850. He was the son of Cyrus and Cornelia Abiah (Bassett) Howard. He graduated from Coburn Classical Institute in 1871, from Colby College in 1875, taking the degree of M. D. Note. The sketch of Dr. Tliayer was prepareil by the ecUtor. HISTORY OP WATERVILLE. 47I from the medical department of New York University. In 1880 he began the practice of medicine in Waterville. The same year in June, he married Hattie Hoar of Lowell, Mass. He died, November 13, 1893, after a long and trying illness, which he bore with great fortitude and resignation. Dr. francis Alton Roberts was born in Jackson, Me., August 9. 1838. He was the son of Hamlin and Mary Ann (Rich) Roberts. He was educated in the common schools and took his degree of AI. D. from Dartmouth College in 1859. He prac- ticed in China and North Vassalborough, coming to Waterville in 1883, where he remained until his death, which occurred May 26, 1892. He married Mary Frances Hussey, December 29, 1862. To them was born one child. Emily. He was a Mason. Dr. Roberts had a large and lucrative homeopathic practice. Dr. James Frederick Hill was born in Waterville, June 15, 1854. He is the son of James P., and Emeline (Simpson) Hill. He prepared for college at Coburn Classical Institute, entered Colby in 1878, began the study of medicine with Dr. F. C. Thayer in 1881. Attended medical lectures at Dartmouth, graduating from the Maine Medical School in 1885. Was assistant to Dr. Thayer from 1885-8 when they became partners. In 1895, 1896 and 1897 he did post graduate work in New York and has since devoted himself to special work of the eye, ear, nose and throat. He is a member of the staff and consulting surgeon of the Maine Eye and Ear Infirmary, lecturer and examiner at Colby College. Member of the Maine Academy of Medicine, Maine Medical Association, Waterville Clinical Society, American Earyngologi- cal, Rhinclogical and Otological Society, American Medical Association, Kennebec Medical Association of which he has been president. He is a Mason, also past commander of St. Omer Commandery, an Odd Fellow, also Knight of Pythias. At present president of the Waterville Board of Trade. He was married, July 31, 1885, to Angle L. Foster. To them have been born three children, Marguerite, Frederick and Howard. He resides at No. 225 Main street, and his office is at iii Main street. Dr. John L. for tier was born in 1853 at St. Sylvester, P. O. Son of Frederick and Esther (Wright) Fortier. He received his preparatory education at Christian Brother's School at St. Mary, 472 HISTORY OF WATEin'ILLE. P. Q., and his classical education at Sherbrook and Three Rivers. He began the study of medicine in 1879 with Dr. H. H. Campbell of this city. He graduated from the Maine Medical School in 1883. He is a member of the IMaine Medical Associa- tion, Waterville Clinical Society of which he is now president, French Historical Society of Massachusetts, and of numerous Catholic orders. He married Louisa Martel, October 21. 1886. They have had one child, Lora C. Dr. Fortier resides at No. 86 Silver street. Dr. Alden E. Bessey was born at Hebron, Me., January i. 1838. He was the son of Erastus and Sally (Smith) Bessey. He prepared for college at Hebron Academy and IMaine Wes- leyan Seminary. He entered Amherst College with the class of 1869. He graduated from the Maine Medical School in 1870. He practiced medicine at Wayne, Sidney, moving to Waterville in 1890. He is a member of the Maine Medical Association, Kennebec Medical Association and the Waterville Clinical Society, of the last two he has been president. He is a member of the Congregational church. Dr. Bessey has been twice mar- ried, first, to Helen J. Morton in 1863, by whom he had two sons, Merton W., and Earl E., both of whom are physicians. He was married in 1874 to Clara A. Forbes, they have one daughter, Lenora, a graduate of Colby in the class of '99. Dr. Bessey resides at No. 72 Elm street. Dr. Mattheiv S. Goodrich was born at Palmyra, Me., Januar\- 24, i860. He was a son of Rev. Jos. B., and Amanda J. (Gower) Goodrich. He received his early education in the com- mon schools and at the I\Iaine Central Institute. Received the degree of M. D. from the medical department of New York University in 1882. Practiced medicine in Fairfield until 1890, when he moved to Waterville, after having done some post graduate work in New York. He was a U. S. pension examiner in Somerset County in 18S5-0. He is a member of the Maine Medical Association, also Kennebec County Association. He is a member of Waterville Lodge. F. & A. M., of St. Omer Com- mandery, K. T., and Portland Consistory. He has been alder- man of the city of Waterville and now represents his ward in the common council. He married Miss Etta Warren, .\pril 5, 1901. He resides at No. 224 Main street. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 473 Dr. Ralph H. Pnhifer, the son of Dr. N. G. H. and Ann (Moor) Pulsifer, was born in Waterville, Ang^ust 19, 1865. Graduated from Cobum Classical Institute in 1882, Colby Col- lege in 1886. Received the degree of M. D. from the medical department of Boston University in 1889, and from the Hahne- mann Medical College of Philadelphia, in 1890. He practiced medicine in Waterville for two years when he moved to Skow- hegan, reriiaining until 1897, when he returned to Waterville. February 23, 1S93 he married Miss Grace Yeaton. They have one son. He now resides at Vassalborough. Dr. Charles Porter Siiiall was bom in Bangor. November 16, 1863. He was the son of Rev. A. K. P. and Thankful L. (Wood- bury) Small. Graduated from the Fall River, Mass., high school in 1882, Colby College in 1886. Received the degree of M. D. in the Maine Medical School in 1889. He was an interne at the Maine General Hospital 1889-90. Assistant surgeon at National Soldiers' Home, Togus, 1890-91. Practiced medicine in Waterville one year when he moved to Chicago, where he now resides. Dr. Joseph Knox, the son of Isaac and Amanda (Orbeton) Knox, was bom in Clinton, February i, 1845. He attended school at Corinna Union Academy. He enlisted August 18, 1862 and served in the nth Maine Regiment until discharged because of ill health. He graduated from the Hahnemann Medi- cal College of Philadelphia in 1877. He practiced in Orono from 1877-92, when he moved to this city. He is a member of Waterville Lodge, F. & A. M., is a Knight Templar, also an Odd Fellow. He resides at No. 11 College avenue. Dr. William Moor Pulsifer, son of Dr. N. G. H. and Ann (Moor) Pulsifer, was bom in Waterville, August 18, 1863. Graduated from Coburn Classical Institute in 1878, from Colby College in 1882. Received the degree of M. D. from Harvard Medical School in 1887, and from the Hahnemann Medical Col- lege in 1888. He at once began the practice of medicine in Skowhegan. Moved to Waterville in 1892, returning to Skow- hegan in 1900, where he now resides. October 2, 1896 he mar- ried Helen G. Libby, daughter of the late I. C. Libby. They have one child, Libbv Pulsifer. 474 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Dr. Carroll White Abbott, son of Henry and Charlotte A. (White) Abbott was born at Rumford, Me., August 29, 1855. He received his early education at Oxford Normal Institute and Hebron Academy, graduating from the Maine Medical School in 1 88 1. He immediately began the practice of medicine in Albion, where he remained until 1893, at which time he came to Watervillc. He is a member of the Maine Aledical Associa- tion, Kennebec Medical Society and the Waterville Clinical Society, in the last two of which he has served as president. He is a Mason, Knight Templar, Odd Fellow, and a member of the Christian church of Albion. He was mayor of Waterville in 1898, and is at present a member of the board of education. October 4. 1882. he married Georgia A. Wilson, daughter of Dr. Wilson of Albion. They have two children, Henry \\\ and Mary C. Dr. Abbott resides at No. i Spring street. Dr. Maurice K. Duinell, son of Louis G. and Louisa W. Dwinell, was bom at East Calais, Vt., in i860. He received the degree of j\L D. from the medical department of Boston University in 1883. Located in North Vassalborough the same year, coming to Waterville in 1892. He is a IMason. He resides at 131 Main street. Dr. Charles Godeon Rancour!, son of Jerome and Ludivine (Roy) Rancourt, was born at St. George, P. O., October 9, 1865. He graduated from Levis College in 1889, taking the degree of M. D. at Laval University in 1893. He immediately settled in Waterville, where he still resides at No. 82 Temple street. He is a member of the Maine Academy of Medicine, Kennebec Medi- cal Association and Waterville Clinical Society. He has been twice married, first to Georgiana Vezina on June 22, 1894, to them were born two children, Mary Blanche and a son who died in infancy. His second wife is Fabiola Bellefeinlle, to whom he was married, April 21, 1898. They have had two children, Florence, and one son who died in infancy. Dr. Luther G. Bunker, son of John E. and i\Iary A. (Alley) Bunker, was born at West Trenton, Me., March 19, 1868. He attended Blue Hill Academy and in 1892 took the degree of M. D. from the Bowdoin Medical School. He immediately began practice at North Berwick and Sanford, Me., moving to Water- ville in 1895. W^s city physician from 1898 to 1901, and is at HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 475 present secretar\- of the Board of Health. He is a member of the Alaine Aledical Association, Kennebec County Medical Society and Waterville Clinical Society. He is a Mason and Knight of Pythias. His office is at No. 50 Main street. Dr. George Russell Campbell, son of Dr. Henry H. and Julia A. (Tobey) Campbell, was born in Waterville, April 20, 1867. Fitted for college at the Cobnrn Classical Institute, graduated from Colby College in 1891. Took his medical degree at the Medical School of Maine in 1895. Practiced medicine in Waterville one year, moved to Sidney and in 1901 moved to Augusta, where he now resides. He is a member of the Ameri- can ]\Iedical Association, Maine Medical Association, and the Kennebec County Medical Society. He is a Alason and a Knight of Pythias. September 25, 1895, he married Lillian H. Hallock. They have one child, Mildred. Dr. Merton IV. Bessey, son of Dr. A. E. and Helen (Morton) Bessey, was born in Buckfield, J\'le., October 30, 1868. Edu- cated at Coburn Classical Institute, Colby College and Farm- ington State Normal School. Took his medical degree at the Medical School of Maine in 1895. He immediately began the practice of medicine in Waterville, being associated with his father, Dr. A. E. Bessey. He has been an instructor in biology in Colby College since 1898. He is a member of the Elaine Academy of Medicine, Kennebec County Medical Society, and Waterville Clinical Society. He is a Mason, and a Knight of Pythias. July 30, 1901, he married Hattie B. Vigue. Dr. Bessey resides at No. 182 Main street. Dr. Ausliii Thomas, son of Stephen and Eunice Miriam (Bragg) Thomas, was born at Waterville, September 6, 1844. He graduated from Colby in 1866, and from the ]Maine ]\Iedical School in 1870. He has spent the most of his professional life at Unity, moved to Waterville in 1898, returning to Unity after a few years, where he now resides. He has been twice mar- ried, first to Mary Ella Norton on September 17, 1873. There were born to them two children. His second wife was 'Sirs. Mary S. M. Foote, whom he married November 17, 1897. Dr. Edzvavd Wheeler Boyer. son of Edward and Harriett (Harnett) Boyer, was born at Florenceville, N. B., November 3, 476 HISTORY OK WATERVILLE. 18C5. He took Ilis medical degree at the Vermont University in 1887. He practiced in Monticello and Fairfield, moving to Waterville in 1899. He is a member of the Maine Medical Asso- ciation, Maine Academy of Medicine and the \\'aterville Clinical Society. He is a Mason and a Knight Templar. October 6, 1895 he married Caroline Gould Rice. They have one child, Wendell Edward. Dr. Boyer resides at No. 84 Elm street. Dr. Edson Everett Goodrich, son of Joseph B. and Amanda J. (Gower) Goodrich, was bom in Palmyra, Me., September 16, 1877. H^e graduated at Coburn Classical Institute and took his medical degree from the Baltimore University School of Medi- cine. He at once began the practice of his profession in Water- ville, being associated with his brother, Dr. M. S. Goodrich. June 26, 1901, he married Eva M. Towne. He is a member of the American Medical Association, Maine Medical Association, and the Maine Academy of Medicine. Dr. Goodrich resides at No. ^y Elm street. Dr. John Gerald Tcccnc, the son of Edwin and Lydia Ann (Gerald) Towne was born in Waterville, j\Iay 26, 1877. He graduated from the Baltimore University School of 'Medicine in 1900. He is a Mason and an Odd Fellow. Dr. Towne resides at No. 37 Elm street. Albert Colby Getchell, M. D. Dr. Getchell is a son of Water- ville who has attained high rank in his profession. He was born in Waterville, July 9, 1857, the son of Walter and Antoinette Colby Getchell. He was educated at the Institute and at Colby, where he was graduated in the class of '78. He afterward studied at the Harvard Medical School, the Jefferson Medical College and the Philadelphia Polyclinic. On graduation from the Jef- ferson Medical College he took the surgical prize. Dr. Getchell has had experience in teaching, as principal of the Adams, Mass., high school and as principal of a grammar school in Worcester, Mass. Since 1885 he has been a physician in Worcester, Mass. For several years he was visiting physician to the Wash- bum Memorial Hospital and the Worcester City Hospital. In 1883 he was elected librarian of the Worcester District Medical Library, a library of about 8,000 volumes, which position he still holds. Dr. Getchell has been a trustee of several of the State medical institutions and is now Laryngologist to the Worcester HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 477 City Hospital, the Washburn Memorial Hospital and St. Vincent Hospital. He married, April 22, 1886, Miss Edith Loring Peirce of Philadelphia. They have two children, Ruth Peirce and Margaret Colby. Dr. Getchell is a member of the Massa- chusetts Medical Society, the American Medical Association, the American Clinatologica! Association, etc. Of social clubs he is a member of the Shakespeare, the Worcester Art Society, the Worcester Music Association, the Bohemians, the Tatnuck Country Club, etc. Dr. Percy Shepherd Merrill, son of A. F. and Hattie E. (Thomas) Merrill, was born in Bangor, November 2, 1872. Graduated from Colby College in 1894. Received his medical degree from the University and Bellevue Hospital ]\Iedical Col- lege in 1890. Was interne one year in Bridgeport, Conn., hospital. Began practice in Gardiner, Me., moving to Water- ville in 1901. He is, at present, city physician. Dr. ^Merrill resides at No. 5 Dalton street. Dr. Joseph Arthur Pineau, son of Marcellin and Apoline (St. Laurent) Pineau, was born at Rimouski, P. Q., February 20, 1867. He graduated from the college of Rimouski, receiving his medical degree from Laval University in 1894. He began practice at Van Buren, Me., moved to Livermore Falls in 1S97, coming to Waterville in February, 1902. He was married, Janu- ary 8, 1896, to Leda Pelletier. They have four children. He resides at No. 137 Water street. Dr. Lewis King Austin, son of William King and Sarah Eliza (Thomes) Austin, was born in Portland, August 11, 1869. He took his medical degree at Jefiferson Medical College, Philadel- phia in 1894. He practiced medicine at Portland, Deering and Clinton, moving to this city in 1902. He devotes his attention entirely to diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat. He is a member of the Maine Medical Association, Kennebec County Medical Society, and Waterville Clinical Society. He is a Mason and an Odd Fellow. His office is at No. 145 Main street. CHAPTER XXIV. ^ THE BAR OF WATERVILLE. ]3y Hon. Simon Stratton Bkown. The following is a brief sketch of the lawyers who have prac- ticed law here since the incorporation of the town in 1802 to the present time. They have all been men of character and have clone their part in making Waterville what it is to-day. A large part of them have served in the Legislature, and have aided in building up the code of statute laws by which our State is now governed. They have had large and honorable part in the man- agement of town and city affairs, have contributed their full share to the business prosperity of the city and in all matters of public interest have been ready with voice and hand for every forward movement. Reuben Kidder. The first lawyer to practice his profession in Waterville was Reuben Kidder. He was a man of thorough scholarship and legal training and was also a public-spirited citizen. As the facts of his life have been given by Mr. A. A. Plaisted in his chapter in this volume, on the early settlers, they need not be repeated here. Suffice it is to say that the line of Waterville lawyers had a good man to stand at its head. Timothy BoutcUe. One of the first lawyers who practiced in his profession at Waterville, was Timothy Boutelle. He was born in Leominster, Mass., November 10, 1777. He was a lineal descendant of James Boutelle, who came from England in 1635 to Salem, Mass. Timothy Boutelle graduated from Harvard College in 1800. He was admitted to the bar in Massachusetts in 1804 and came to Waterville the same year, where he practiced law till the time of his death, November 12, 1855. In 181 1 he HON. EDMUND FUT.I.EK WEBB. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 4/9 married Helen, the daughter of Judge Rogers. One of his daughters married Edwin Noyes, a prominent Waterville lawyer, and one son, Dr. N. R. Routelle. was a prominent physician and surgeon in Waterville. Timothy Boutelle was one of the prom- inent lawyers of his day. An examination of the reports of our law court during his time will disclose the fact that he took part on one side or the other in a very large portion of the cases then presented to that court, and by his rare ability and industry as a lawyer he took a prominent part in establishing the laws which have since controlled and regulated the legal rules of conduct of our people to the present time. He was also an influential busi- ness man. He was very influential in making Maine an inde- pendent state. He was first State Senator to the Legislature from the Kennebec District.^ ^ George Keely Boutelle. Mr. Boutelle is the son of Dr. N. R. and Mrs. Mary Keely Boutelle, and was born in Waterville, March 15, 1857. He was educated at Harvard University and at the Harvard Law School, and was admitted to the bar in 1888. October 24, 1891, he was married to Miss May Wheelock, the grand-daughter of Judge May. They have two children, Kather- ine and Elizabeth. Since his admission to the bar, Mr. Boutelle has been in practice in Waterville. His large business interests occupy a considerable portion of his time. He is president of the Ticonic Bank, as were his father and his grandfather before him. He is also president of the Waterville & Fairfield Railway and Light Company, and is treasurer of Colby College, of which he has been for some years a trustee. He is also a trustee of Coburn Classical Institute. Mr. Boutelle is a member of the Masonic order and of the Episcopal church. y' Simon Straiten broivn, son of Luke and Polly Oilman Brown, was born in Clinton, Maine, July 6, 1833. He fitted for college under Dr. J. H. Hanson at Waterville Academy. He entered Waterville College in 1854, from which institution he graduated in the class of 1858 with Phi Beta Kappa rank. He was admitted to the bar in 1859 and began practice at Fairfield in 1864. He moved to Waterville in 1881. He was elected a member of the Governor's council in 1879. He served several years on the board of education in both Fairfield and Waterville. At the 1. Vld chapter on Early Settlers. 4^0 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. organization of the city of Watervillc in 1888 he was elected a member of the board of aldermen, of which board he was chair- man continuously for five years. He was a member of the Democratic National Convention in 1880 and in 1884. He was for seven years a member of the Democratic State committee and for four years its chairman. He represented his citv in the House of Representatives in the session of 1893. June 30, 1861, Mr. Brown was married to Miss Hepsie B. Wiggin. They have four children, Frank E.. of the legal firm of Brown and Brown ; Jennie B., wife of Mr. Alpheus Flood ; William Wirt, a graduate of Colby in the class of '98. and Mrs. Caddie H. Burleigh. Mr. Brown is a member of the Masonic fraternity and an attendant at the Unitarian church. Frank Ellsivorth Bro';cn, .son of S. S. and Hepsie B. Brown, was born at Freedom, Waldo county, June 14, 1863. He received his education in the public schools of Fairfield and later he entered Coburn Classical Institute and graduated from that institution in the class of 1882. On July 8, 1896 he married Mae F. Wentworth, daughter of Charles Wentworth of Clinton. He was four years clerk in the United States Mail Service. He was admitted to the bar in March, 1895, whereupon he began the practice of law in company with his father, where he has con- tinued to the present time. He has been for seven years city clerk of the City of Watcrville. He belongs to the Masonic fra- ternity and is also a member of the order of the Knights of Pythias. Leonard D. Carver was born at Lagrange, Maine, January 26, 1841. He was son of Cyrus and Mary Waterhouse Carver. His early education was received in the common schools, and while he was fitting for college at Foxcroft Academy in 1861 he left that institution and enlisted in the Milo Light Artillery which was subsequently made Company D of the 2nd Maine Regiment, commanded by Col. C. D. Jameson. This regiment had the honor of being the first Maine regiment to report for duty at the seat of war. Mr. Carver was engaged in all the bat- tles and skirmishes which fell to the lot of his regiment. He was in the first Battle of Bull Run, where he distinguished him- self as a man of courage. After leaving the army he resumed his studies and graduated from Colby University in the class of HISTORY OF WATEUVXLLi:. 481 1868. He read law with Hon. Reuben Foster at Waterville and was admitted to the bar in 1876, after which time he practiced law in Waterville till he was appointd State librarian in October, 1890. He is president of the Association of State Librarians, a national association. He is a member of the Maine Historical Society and several other literary organizations In 1877 he mar- ried Mary C. Low, also a graduate of Colby College. Their only daughter, Miss Ruby Carver, is a member of the class of 1904, Colby College. Since 1890 Mr. Carver has resided at Augusta. Fred JV. Clair was born at Oldtown, Me., in i866, the son of John B. and Ellen E. Clair. He was educated in the public schools and Coburn Classical Institute, from which institution he graduated in 1886. He read law in the office of S. S. Brown, was admitted to the bar in 1891 .and since that time has been in practice in Waterville. He has served his city as city clerk and as city solicitor, and as clerk of the executive committee of the centennial celebration. November 27, 1895, Mr. Clair married Miss Elmire Couturier. They have two children, Yvette and Adrienne. Mr. Claire is a Catholic and a member of the A. O. U. W., the American Benefit Society, the Knights of Columbus, L' Union Lafayette, Knights of the Maccabees, etc. Harold Elijah Cook. Harold Elijah Cook was born in Charleston. Maine. He is the son of George Dillwyn and Helen Dunning Cook. He received his education at Higgins Classical Institute and at the Law School at the University of Maine, from which he received the degree of LL. B. He married Alberta Fayette Parks Sept. 16, 1895. He was admitted to the bar March 8, 1900. He is practicing his profession in company with F. I. Small, in this city, under the firm name of Cook & Small. Everett Richard Dniinntoiid. Everett Richard Drummond, son of Clark Drummond, was born at Winslow, September 14, 1834. He received his early education in the common schools of his native town. He spent one term each at the Winslow High School, Waterville Academy, and Maine Wesleyan Seminary at Kent's Hill, and two or three more terms at Vassalboro Academy. He read law at Waterville with his brother, Josiah H. Drum- mond. He was admitted to the bar in 1858, and at once formed. 31 482 HISTORV OF WATKRVII.LK. a partnership with his brother, whidi continued 'till the latter moved to Portland in the spring of i860. He then formed a partnership with E. F. ^Vebb, which continued 'till 1863. In 1874 he was elected treasurer of the Waterville Savings Bank, which position he has held to the present time. December 26, 1859, he was married to Aubigne INT. Bean. He has been town clerk of Waterville and a member of the board of aldermen. For about twenty years he has been one of the trustees of the Maine Wesleyan Seminary and Female College at Kent's Hill. Mr. Drummond's children are : Mrs. Viola B. Thomes, Clark W., who died in 1898, Albert F., a graduate of Colby in the class of '88, now assistant treasurer of the \\^aterville Savings Bank, and Mrs. Aubigne E., wife of Mr. Elwood T. Wyman. Josiah Hayden Drummond. Josiah Harden Dnimmond was born in the town of Winslow, Maine, August 30, 1827. He graduated from Waterville College in 1846. He read law in the office of Timothy Boutelle and Edwin Noyes, and in 1850 was admitted to the bar of Kennebec County and commenced practice at Waterville, where he continued his profession 'till i860, when he opened his law office in Portland, where he is still in practice. In 1851 he became connected with the Androscoggin and Kennebec Railroad Company. In 1864 he became a director in the Maine Central Railroad Company, of which he has been clerk since 1866. He has also been chief counsel of that corpo- ration. He has been speaker of the State House of Representa- tives. In 1859 he was elected to the State Senate, and in i860 he was elected attorney general of the State. He is a dis- tinguished member of the Masonic fraternity. Scarcely any one in that fraternity has done more for it than he has, both in writ- ings and in filling eminent stations. In 1867 he was elected grand commander of the United Supreme Council, the highest office in the gift of the fraternity. In 1871 the degree LL.D. was conferred upon him by Colby University. Mr. Drummond has been for many years one of the trustees of Colbj' College, and is the president of that board. Though long a resident of Port- land, Mr. Drummond is very loyal to Waterville, its institutions and its interests. Harvey Doanc Eaton. Harvey Doane Eaton was born at North Cornville, September 20, 1862, son of Augustus B. and HISTORY UF WATERVILLE. 483 Harriet Armstrong Eaton. Mr. Eaton received his education in Somerset Academy, Waterville Classical Institute and Colby University, and Harvard Law School. He graduated from Colby in the class of 1S87, and from Harvard Law School in the class of 1891. He married Estelle Merrill Foster in October, 1891. He was admitted to the bar in 1891 and immediately com- menced the practice of law in Waterville. He has served his city as city solicitor and as a member of the board of education, being for one year chairman of that board. He has four children, viz. : Harvey Doane Eaton, Jr., Foster Eaton, Florence Eaton, Harriet Eaton. He is the author of the Kennebec Water District Asso- ciation, the object of which is to form a corporation to supply the city of Waterville and towns of Fairfield, Benton and Winslovv with pure water. He is president of the Messalonskee Electric Light Company, and is connected with many business interests of importance. Reuben Foster. Reuben Foster was born in Bethel, in Oxford County, in 1833, the son of Reuben B. and Sarah Bartlett Foster. He entered Waterville College in 1851, graduating in 1855. After his graduation from college he taught as principal of Vanceboro Academy for one year; then he commenced the study of law and was admitted to the bar in 1858. He practiced law in Waterville to the time of his death, on the twelfth day of October, 1898. He was a careful, pains-taking lawyer. He gave consider- able attention to the buying and selling of real estate, of which he had large holdings in his town. He was elected to both branches of the Legislature and became presiding officer in both branches. He was the first mayor of the City of Waterville, and afterward served as chairman of the board of education. He married Miss Frances C. Howe, and their only son, Dana Pitt Foster, became associated with him in the law finn of Foster & Foster. Dana Pitt Foster. Dana Pitt Foster, son of Reuben Foster, was born August 28, 1869, at Waterville, Maine. He received his early education in the public schools of his native city. He afterwards pursued a course of study at Coburn Classical Insti- tute. He graduated from Colby College in the class of 1891, and afterwards took a course of the study of law in Yale Law School. He married Adelaide Dix Hopkins October 22, 1894. He was admitted to the bar in 1893 and commenced practice with 484 IIISTOKV 01' WATKKVII.I.K. his father and has continued his practice to the present time. He has in the meantime been city clerk, and at the present time is city soHcitor, having held the same office in 1900 and 1901. He received from the College the degree of A. B., and from the Law School the degree of LL. B. His children's names are Clara Roberts and Adelaide Foster. He is a member of Waterville Lodge, F. and A. M., and of St. Omer Commandery, Knights Templar. IVilliam 'i'homas Haines. William Thomas Haines, son of Thomas J. and Maria Eddy Haines, was born at Levant, Maine, in 1854. He received his education in East Corinth Academy, University of Maine and Albany Law School. He commenced the practice of law in Oakland, in 1879, and moved to Waterville in 1880, where he has continued his law practice to the present time. He has represented Waterville in both branches of the State Legislature. He was County Attorney for four years and Attorney General of the State from 1897 to 1901, and is a mem- ber of the Governor's Council. He has been a trustee of the State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, now the Uni- versity of Maine, for many years, and has had an important part in the development of that institution. July i, 1883 Mr. Haines married Miss Edith S. Hemenway of Rockland, Me. His chil- dren are Ethel A., William and Gertrude W. Mr. Haines has large holdings in railroad property, owns timber lands in north- ern IMaine, on which he carries on lumbering operations, and is prominent in many business enterprises of the city. He is in the directorate of many corporations and is a trustee of Coburn Classical Institute. He is a member of the Masonic order. Oliver G. Hall was born at South Thomaston in 1834. From the common schools of that town he continued his education at Kents Hill and at Bucksport and when seventeen years of age he commenced teaching in Rockland. He studied law with Peter Thatcher of that city. He was admitted to Knox County bar in i860. During the next twenty-five years he held various public positions, among which was that of judge of the Rockland Police Court. He represented that city in the legislature of 1881 and 1883. In the Autumn of 1886 he moved to Waterville and com- menced the practice of law there with Warren C. Philbrook. In HISTORY OP WATERVILLfi. 485 April. 1890, he was appointed Jucige of the Superior Court of Kennebec county, which position he now holds. IVilliam Solyman Heath graduated from Waterville College in the class of 1855. He was a very brilliant scholar and a man of great promise. He was admitted to the bar in 1856 and prac- ticed here successfully till the commencement of the Civil War, when he entered the U. S. Army. He went out as captain of Company H of the 3rd Maine Regiment. This company was recruited in Waterville. Mr. Heath was ist lieutenant. He rose to the rank of lieut.-colonel and was held in high honor throughout his division. He was killed at the battle of Gaines's Mills. W. S. Heath Post, G. A. R. of Waterville was named in honor of him. Mr. Heath married Maria, daughter of Wyman B. S. Moor. They had two children, Ethel who had unusual musical ability and who died in Washington in 1898, and Sidney Moor Heath. Solyman Heath was born in 1804, at Claremont. He graduated from Dartmouth College and began the practice of law in Belfast, where he remained till 1851, when he came to Waterville. He continued in practice till the time of his death, June 30, 1875. He was for some years reporter of decisions of the law court of the State of Maine, and edited several volumes of the Maine Reports. For a quarter of a century he was a prominent citizen of Waterville, was president of Ticonic Bank and had much to do with the organization of the Ticonic Water Power and Manufacturing Company. He married Emily, daughter of Asa Redington. Two of their children, Lieut. -Col. W. S. Heath and Bvl.-Gen. F. E. Heath became distinguished in the Civil War. The only children now living are Mrs. A. A. Plaisted and Mrs. Helen R. Buck. Sidney Moor Heath was born in Waterville on the 27th day of August, 1859. He was the son of Col. William S. Heath. His mother was the daughter of Wyman B. S. Moor. He received his education in the public schools of Waterville and Coburn Classical Institute. He was admitted to the bar in 1881. He practiced law in Waterville several years and then moved to Hoquiam in the state of Washington, where he is now suc- cessfully practicing his profession. He was town clerk of Water- V' 486 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. ville one year. He has been a member of the Legislature of Washington. Thomas Webster Herrick was born in Harmony, Me., July 20, 1816, the son of Thomas and Catharine (Weeman) Herrick. He was graduated in the class of 1846 at Waterville College. For the years 1846 and 1847 he was principal of the Waterville Liberal Institute. He afterward studied law and was admitted to the bar, but in 1852 engaged in the hardware business in Waterville, in which he continued until 1872. October 8, 1856 he married Mary Dennison P'orter of Bangor. Several children were born to them but only one, Frank Ware, lived to manhood. Mr. Herrick was State senator, 1856-1857. and selectman of Waterville in 1866. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity. He died in Eggleston Springs, Va., May 7, 1872. /. Alfred Lctonrnean was born December 3, 1864. He is the son of Joseph Letourneau. He was educated in the French and English language in the public schools and commercial college. He read law with S. S. Brown. He was admitted to the bar in March, 1900. He married Rose D. Loubier, October 27, 1890. He is a member of the society of A. O. U. W. and of the Catholic church. He has been a member of the board of Education of the city of Waterville. Alpheus Lyon was born in Augusta, November 8, 1790. He was admitted to the Kennebec bar in 1819. He soon thereafter commenced the practice of law at Waterville, where he remained working in his profession and other active business for thirty- two years. While in Waterville he built Ticonic Block. He also built and owned lumber mills in the town of Fairfield adjoin- ing Waterville on the north. He was a strong business man and one of the leading public men of his town. For six years he was cashier of Ticonic Bank. For two years he was a member of the Governor's council. In 1851 he removed to Bangor, became judge of the municipal court and afterward was recorder of the police court for twenty years. November 14, 1820 he married Miss Mary Evans, sister of Hon. George Evans, who afterward became U. S. representative and senator. Mr. Lyon was prom- inent in Masonic circles. He died in Bangor in March, 1885, at the age of ninety-five years. HISTORY 01" WATERVILLfi. 487 Edivin Noyes was born at South Kingston, R. I., February 21, 1812. He graduated from Brown University in the class of 1837. Soon after graduating from college, he became tutor of the Greek language in \^'aterville College for two years. He read law a while in the office of Timothy Boutelle and then he took a course of instruction at Harvard Law School. In 1842 he began the practice of law at Waterville in company with Mr. Boutelle, whose daughter he married. He was the first treas- urer of the Androscoggin and Kennebec Railroad Company, and its first superintendent, holding the position on the road after it became the Maine Central, with the exception of two years, until 1872. For the two years of his absence, 1853-4, he was superintendent of the Michigan Central Railroad, with home in Detroit, Mich. He served two terms in the Maine Senate, during 1849 3nd 1850. For many years he was prominent in all public affairs in the town and was regarded as one of its ablest men. August 12, 1842, he married Helen R. Boutelle, daughter of Hon. Timothy Boutelle. Their children were Timothy Boutelle, Robert Fanning, Boutelle, and Francis Edwin. Charles Fletcher Johnson was born in Winslow, Me., February 14, 1859, the son of William F. and Ruth (Boutelle) Johnson. He was graduated at the Waterville Classical Institute, studied tw-o years at Colby and was graduated at Bowdoin in the class of 1879. He taught school for a time after graduation and then read law, being admitted to the bar in 1886. From 1886 to 1890 he was a member of the law firm of Brown and Johnson. He then became a partner in the firm of Webb, Johnson and Webb. Since 1894 he has practiced law, without partners. Mr. John- son has been prominent in political life. In 1893 he was mayor of Waterville and served as aldennan in 1899. He has been the Democratic candidate for Governor of the State, leading with abilitv an army that was too small for victory. Mr. Johnson is a member of Waterville Lodge, F. & A. M., Teconnet Chapter, St. Omer Commandery and also Waterville Lodge, A. O. U. W. He was married, December 20, 1881, to Miss Abbie W. Britton of Winslow. They have one daughter, Emma L. a member of the class of 1903, Waterville High school. IVyinan Bradbury Seavcy Moor was born at Waterville on the eleventh day of November, 181 1. He was the son of Daniel 488 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. and Rebecca Spring Moor, and the grandson of Captain Daniel Moor of Deerfield, N. H., who belonged to General Starks' regiment and who was engaged in the battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775. He spent his early life in his native town and received his early education in the public schools. He was sent at an early age to China Academy to prepare for college. At the age of seventeen years he entered Waterville College and graduated from that institution in the class of 183 1. His course at college was marked by great intellectual progress under the instruction of such men as President Jeremiah Chaplin, Professor Thomas Conant and Professor George Keely. After his graduation he taught one year at St. Stephen, N. B. In 1834 he attended the Dane Law School at Cambridge, Mass., where he received instruction of Hon. Joseph Story. In 1835 he was admitted to the bar and the same year he was invited to deliver at commence- ment the valedictory address. He lived in Waterville in the prac- tice of his profession from 1835 to 1842. He was elected to represent his town in the Legislature during that time. From 1844 to 1848 he was attorney-general of the State. In 1848 he was appointed by the Governor to fill the vacancy in the United States Senate, made vacant by the death of Senator John Fair- field. His colleague, Hon. T. W. Bradbury says : "'Durins- the- time of his service in the U. S. Senate, I found him an able and faithful associate and upon every question I always found him anxious to discharge his duty as a patriotic Senator." Hannibal Hamlin once said of him: "Mr. Moor was a man of marked and decided ability and was fully entitled to rank with the ablest men of our State." That position was conceded to him by all persons who knew him. From 1852 to 1858 he resided in Water- ville and superintended the construction of the railroad from Waterville to Bangor. In 1859 he received the appointment from President Buchanan of consul general to the British Provinces. In 1868 he purchased an estate near Lynchburg, Virginia, and moved there to engage in the manufacture of iron, where he died on March 10, 1869. Mr. Moor was married at Waterville to Clara A. N. Cook. Their children were, Dudley Watson, Mat ia E., who married W. S. Heath : Caroline Clara Cook, who married F. E. Heath; Charlotte, Annie Hilton, Grace Bradbury, Charles Francis Cook. HISTORY OF UATERVILLE. 489 IVarrcii Coffin Pliilbrook was born at Sedgwick, Maine, in 1857. He is the son of Luther G. and Angelia Philbrook. He acquired his early education in the pubHc schools in Castine and the State Normal School. He fitted for college at Coburn Clas- sical Institute and graduated from Colby University in 1882. He read law with E. F. Webb and Reuben Foster and was admitted to the bar in 1884. He was principal of Waterville High school for three years. He opened his office in 1887. He married Ada, daughter of M. C. Foster. He served a while as judge of Waterville municipal court. He has represented his city in the Legislature two terms, serving on the judiciary com- mittee. He served as mayor of Waterville two years and for several years has been a member of the Board of Education. Mr. Philbrook is an effective political speaker in wide demand during political campaigns. He was the orator at the Waterville cen- tennial, (vid. chapter 4. ) Mr. Philbrook is a Mason, a mem- ber of the Chapter and the Commandery. He belongs also to the Order of Knights of Pythias and for the year 1901-2 was chancellor commander of that order for the State of Maine. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. ^ Isaac Redington, son of Asa and Polly Getchell Redington, was born in W^aterville, March 13, 1803. He passed through the public schools, also Filoomfield Academy at Skowhegan in the days of "Preceptor Hall." After his course at Waterville College, from which he was graduated with honor as valedic- torian of his class in 1827, and two years' study of law, he was admitted to the bar and soon won distinction by his ability and his legal attainments. In 1831, he married Elizabeth, daughtei^ of Nathaniel and Lydia Oilman of Waterville. In 1842, he was elected State senator and served with marked ability. After twenty years of practice as a lawyer, in Waterville, he removed to New York. The family included four daughters : Lydia, who married John McLellan of Skowhegan, and after his death. Dr. Bradford: Annie, who married Dr. Frank H. Getchell, son of Horace Getchell, now deceased; Caroline, now (1902) living in New York, and Lizzie, now deceased. Mr. Redington was pos- sessed of large abilitv, fine literary taste and a kindly spirit, which won for him manv friends. 490 HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. Frank Kingsbery Shmv, son of Rev. B. F. Shaw, D. D.. and Mary (Pratt) Shaw, was born in Newcastle, Me., January 17, 1859. He was educated in the schools of Waterville, in Coburn Classical Institute and Colby College, from which he was grad- uated in the class of 1881. He was admitted to the bar in 1886 and in 1892 became clerk of the municipal court of Waterville, and in 1897 became judge of the same court, which responsible position he still holds. Judge Shaw has been on the board of education for two terms. He is a member of Waterville Lodge, F. & A. M., Teconnet Chapter, Mount Lebanon Council and St. Omer Commandery, Knights Templar. He is a member of the Baptist church, of which his father was pastor. March 30, 1883, he married Miss Emma J. Smith. They have no children. Frank Jackson Small was born in Oldtown, Maine, December 31, 1874. He is the son of Benjamin F. and Luetta G. Small. He received his early education in the public schools of Oldtown. He graduated from Bowdoin College in the class of 1897. He pursued a course of study in the law school in the University of Maine, closing his course there in 1900 and receiving the degree LL. B. He is now practicing law in Waterville in company with Harold E. Cook. Jonathan Godfrey Soule was a native of Waterville. and was educated in its schools and college, graduating from the latter in 1857. After graduation he taught as principal of Hartland Academy, later as instructor in Evansville Seminary, Wis., and as principal at Hartland and Foxcroft. In 1874, he was admitted to the bar in Waterville. He afterward served for twelve years as trial justice and was for fourteen years a member of the board of education. His experience as a teacher fitted him for efficient service in this office, in which he is well remembered. He died January i, 1888. Judge James StackPolc, the tliird of the name, was long prom- inent in Waterville. He was graduated at Bowdoin College, and spent most of his life in the practice of his profession in Water- ville. (For more complete sketch, see page 129.) Stephen Stark, son of Samuel and Rebecca Whittaker Stark, was born in 1803 at Conway, N. H. He graduated from Dart- mouth College in 1827. After spending three years in the HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 49I study of law, he commenced the practice of his profession at CHnton, Alaine, in October, 1830. He continued practice there till 1837, when he moved to Waterville where he continued his practice till his death in 1855. He was a man of public spirit, served the town as representative in the Legislature and rendered important aid to the College in raising funds for its support. He married Mehitabel Jane Cook of Fryeburg, Me., in 1832. They had six children, of whom only ]\Irs. Sarah D., wife of J. F. Hlden, and Amo's J. Stark, both of this city, are now living. His name is borne by a son of Amos J., who graduated at Colby in the class of '92 and is now a lawyer at Mt. Hermon, Mass. Horace Wilson Stezvart was born in 1852. He graduated from Colby University in 1874. He read law in Bangor and Waterville. He was admitted to the bar in 1875. He was twelve years judge of the Waterville municipal court. He has since practiced in Hartland and is now pursuing his profession in Thomaston, Knox County. Frederick Augustus IValdron, son of James N. and Sarah Waldron, was bom in 1841 at Buckfield, Maine. He graduated from Waterville College in the class of 1868. He studied law with Hon. Reuben Foster and was admitted to the bar in 1871. He opened his law office in Waterville, where he continued in the practice of his profession to the time of his death, December 19, 1896. He was a trial justice until the municipal court was organized. He served as city solicitor, 1894-96. July 12, 1894, he married Miss Adelia R. Leech, daughter of Wm. Leech of Dexter. Their children are Linton Edson, who graduated at Colby College in the class of 1897, and was a member of the senior class of the Maine Medical School at the time of his death, May 27, 1900; and William Linscott, who graduated at Colby in 1899, and has since been engaged in teaching at the Delaware Literary Institute. Franklin, X. Y., and the the Skowhegan High school. Udmund Fuller Webb was born in Albion in 1835. He studied law in that town two years. He entered Waterville College in 1856 and after remaining there two years he began the study of law in Portland and was admitted to the bar in Cumberland County in 1859. He commenced practicing law in Albion and after remaining there one year he came to Waterville. In 1867 492 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. he was admitted to the U. S. district bar. In 1866 he received from Waterville College the honorary degree of A. M. He was for two terms a member of the House of Representatives, being speaker in the session of 1873. He served two years as State senator, the second year being elected president of the Senate. He served three years as county attorney and for several years was a trustee of Colby University. He was a director of the Waterville Bank, and of the Merchants from its organization, and was for many years a solicitor for the Maine Central Rail- road. He married Miss Abby E. C. Hall. They had one son, Appleton Webb, who was admitted to the Somerset bar in 1882. Samuel IVcils was born in Durham, N. H., August 15, 1801. His mother was a niece of General Sullivan, of Revolutionary fame. He studied law with Thos. Rice of \\'inslow. and o'l being admitted to the bar in 1826, established himself in AVater- ville. He practiced here with good success and a growing repu- tation, eight or nine years, when he removed to Hallowell, and in 1844 to Portland. Again in 1856 he removed to Boston, where he died, July 15, 1868. He was appointed associate jus- tice of the supreme court of Maine in 1847, which office he resigned in 1854. In 1856 he was elected Governor by the Leg- islature, none of the candidates having a majority. The next year he was defeated by Hannibal Hamlin. He married Louisa Appleton, daughter of Dr. Moses Appleton. Their children were Mrs. Ann A. (Wells') Cummings, now living in Boston; Charles C. Wells, died in Portland ; Samuel Wells, a lawyer in Boston ; Clara L. Wells, who has lived the past thirty years in France and Italy. Judge Wells' house in this town was the small house on College street, afterward occupied by Daniel R. Wing, on the site of which the D. K. E. Club house now stands. PROF. GEOIiGK \V. KUI':iA-. I'ltESD'T ROBEUT K. I'ATTKRSON. PRKSnT JAMKS T. CHAMPLIN. PROF. .TOtrN B FOSTKK, PROF. MOSICS LYFORD. CHAPTER XXV. THE TEACHERS OF WATERVILLE. By Arthur J. Roberts. Martin Brezver Anderson, son of Martin and Jane Brewer Anderson, was bom in Brunswick, Maine, Feb. 12, 1815. He was graduated from Colby College in 1840. After serving the College for two years as tutor, he was elected professor of rhe- toric in 1843. In 1850 he left Waterville to become editor of the New York Recorder, and in 1853 was called to the presidency of the University of Rochester. His term of office as president was one of the longest and most eventful in all the history of American colleges. For thirty-five years he served the Univer- sity and the State. He was a useful and efficient public servant, as well as a successful administrator, an inspiring teacher, a pro- found scholar, an eminent publicist, and an eloquent lecturer and preacher. He was a member of the State Board of Charities of New York, for several years president of the National Baptist Missionary Societies, a trustee of Vassar College, and one of the associate editors of Johnson's Encyclopaedia. He received the degree of LL. D. from Colby College in 1853, and from the University of the State of New York in 1883, and the degree of L. H. D. from Columbia University in 1887. In 1867 Dr. An- derson was elected president of Brown University, but declined to accept the position. He said that Rochester had invested in him when he was unknown and without value, and if the invest- ment had not proved a failure, Rochester deserved the profits. He was married in August, 1848, to Miss Elizabeth Mary Gilbert of New York, who died Feb. 22, 1890, four days before the death of Dr. Anderson. 494 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Dennis Evarts Bo-cvman, son of Frank and Carrie Heath Bow- man, was bom in Sidney, Maine. Nov. lo, 1871. He graduated from Coburn Classical Institute in 1889, and from Colbv College in 1893. He was principal of the Waterville High School from 1893 to 1898, and a law student with Heath & Andrews, Augusta, Maine, from 1S98 to 1900. He was admitted to the State of Maine bar in 1900. Since 1900 he has been Latin Mas- ter of the William Penn Charter School, Philadelphia. He is a member of the Zeta Psi fraternity and of the Phi Beta Kappa society. He was married in 1900 to Hortense Low of Water- ville. Y Nailwiticl Butler, president of Colby College from 1895 to 1901, was born in Eastport, Maine, May 22, 1853. His parents were the Rev. Nathaniel and Jeanne Emery Butler. He pre- pared for college at Camden High School and Coburn Classical Institute, and graduated from Colby College in 1873. From 1873 to 1876 he was associate principal of Woman's College at Lake Forest, 111., and from 1S76 to 1879 was associate principal of a similar institution at Highland Park, 111. He became prin- cipal of the school in 1879, ^^^ remained there until he was called to the professorship of English Literature in the (old) Univer- sity of Chicago in 1884. From 1886 to 1892 he was a professor in The University of Illinois. In 1S92 he became a professor and the director of university extension in The University of Chicago. He was called to the presidency cf Colby College in 1895, and remained at the head of this institution until 1901, when he became professor of education and director of cooper- ating work in The University of Chicago. He received the degree of D. D. from Colby College in 1895. Dr. Butler is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa society, and of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. He represented The University of Chicago at the University Extension Congress, held in London, England, in 1894. He is widely known as a writer and lecturer. Dr. Butler was married April 28, 1881, to Florence Reeves Shcppard, who died in June, 1902. He has three children, — Sheppard Emerj-, class of 1903, Colby College, Albert Nathaniel and Frederic Hamlin Butler. Dr. Butler's present address is 5601 Madison Ave., Chicago, 111. HISTORY OF WATKRVILLE. 495 Jauics Tift Cliaiiipliii, for sixteen years president of Colby College, was born Tune 9, iSi i. in Colchester, Conn. He was the son of John and Martha Armstrong Champlin. After graduat- ing from Brown University in 1834, he remained there as a tutor until 1S38, when he became pastor of a Baptist church in Port- land. In 1841 he was elected professor of the Greek and Latin languages and literature in Colby College. From 1857 to 1873 he was president of the College. After his retirement from the presidency, he lived in Portland until his death, March 15, 1882. He received the degree of LL. D. from Colby Collge, of D. D. from the University of Rochester and from Brown University. He was a member of the Maine Historical Society. From 1875 to 1881 he was a member of the board of trustees of Colby Col- lege. Dr. Champlin did a large amotmt of work as author, editor and translator. His publications include Latin and Greek gram- mars, treatises on ethics, political economy, and intellectual philosophy, and annotated selections from the ancient classical writers. He married Mary Ann Pierce of Providence. R. I., June 12, 1839. Jeremiah Chaplin, first president of Colby College, was born in Georgetown, Mass., in 1780. He graduated from Brown Uni- versity in 1799 as valedictorian of his class. After serving as a tutor in Brown for two or three years, he became pastor of the Baptist church at Danvers, Mass., in 1803. His pastorate in that place lasted until 1818, although he was absent one year acting as pastor of the First Baptist church in New York City. In 1818 he M'as invited to become a teacher in the newly founded Maine Literary and Theological Institution. At first he decided to re- fuse the invitation, but after a night of prayer and what he regarded as a special revelation of the will of God, he changed his decision. He became president of Waterville College in 1822, and remained at the head of that institution for eleven years. He was married in April, 1806, to Miss Marcia O'Brien. From boyhood Dr. Chaplin was a theologian and meta- physician. Before he was fifteen he had mastered the writings of Hopkins. He was always morbidly conscientious and given to rigid self-examination with reference to the question as to whether he was one of "the elect." After fifty years he was still in doubt. He learned Hebrew without an instructor, and during 496 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. his pastorate at Danvers received young men as students in theology. Of his students, Coleman and Wheelock responded to Judson's call for missionaries. A paper written by Dr. Chaplin on "Ministerial Education" led to the establishment of the theo- logical school at Hamilton, N. Y. He founded the Baptist church in Waterville, and for several years served as its pastor without pay. William Elder graduated from the Provincial Normal School in i860, and from Acadia College in 1S68. The next year he studied at Harvard under Professors Agassiz, Cooke, and Shaler. From 1869 to 1873 he was professor of physical sciences at Acadia. In 1873 'i^ ^^'•'^ called to Colby to the professorship of chemistry and natural history, and remained at the head of this double department until 1885, when he became Merrill professor of chemistry. In 1898 he published "Ideas from Nature." Prof. Elder married Miss Caroline Scammon of this city. They have one daughter, Marjory Louise Elder. John Barton Foster, son of John May and Elizabeth Lowell Merrill Fester, was born in Boston, Mass., Jan. 8, 1822. He attended the public schools of Waterville and Waterville Academy, and graduated from Colby College in 1843. He taught school in China, Maine, for one year, and in Lexington, Mass., for two years. For two years (1846-7) he was pastor of the Baptist church at Gardiner, Maine. In 1847 he entered Newton Theological Institution, graduating thence in 1850. He was editor of Zion's Advocate from 1852 to 1858, when he was elected professor of the Greek and Latin languages and literature in Colby College. From 1873 to 1894 he was professor of the Greek language and literature. In 1894 he was made Professor Emeritus. His enthusiasm for his work and his love of Greek literature will surely always be remembered by those whose privilege it was to be his pupils. In 1876 Professor Foster was given the degree of LL. D. by Colby College. For thirty years he was treasurer of the Baptist State Convention. He was twice married: June i, 1852, to Anne Doe, who died Jan. 20, 1861 ; Aug. 14, 1866, to Elizabeth Eoutelle Philbrick. His son by his first marriage, John Marshall Foster, is a missionary at Swatow, China. Professor Foster died Aug. 19, 1897. HISTORY Of WATERVILLE. 497 Edzi'ard U'liislo^v Ha!!. Librarian of Colby College, was born in Portland, Maine, Sept. 9, 1840. His parents were Winslow and Eunice Harding Hall. He prepared for college in the high school at Portland, and graduated from Colby College in 1862. After teaching for a year he accepted a position in one of the government departments at Washington, where he remained until he was called to the professorship of modern languages in Colby College in 1866. In 1873 Professor Hall was elected Librarian of Colby College, and performed the duties of that ofifice in addi- tion to the work of his department until 1892, when he was relieved of his classes and enabled to devote his entire attention to the library. In 1900 he recived the degree of LL. D. from the The University of New Brunswick. He is a member of the Maine Historical Society, of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, and of the Phi Beta Kappa society. He married Mary S. Has- call of West Rutland, Vermont, Jan. 3, 1865. They have four children : Celia, wife of Charles J. Waterhouse of Oakland, Cal., Frank E., Hascall S.. and Marian. Cliarics Bdivard Haiidin, was born in Augusta, Maine, February 4, 1825, the oldest of the sons of Charles and Elizabeth Williams Hamlin. At the age of sixteen he entered Colby, but as his course was interrupted by ill health, he did not grad- uate until 1847. After graduation he taught at Brandon, Vt., Bath, Me., and Sufifield, Conn. He became professor of chem- istry and natural history in Colby College, August 9, 1853, and continued at the head of that department until 1873, when he was called to Harvard University to serve as curator of conchology and palaeontology- in the museum of comparative zoology. He died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, January 3, 1886. After leaving Colby he served on its board of trustees and also as the necrologist of the alumni association. His published reports are marvels of painstaking accuracy. Beside scientific articles in various periodicals, he published "Observations on the Physical Geography and Geology of Mt. Ktaadn" (1881) and "Syrian Molluscan Fossils" (1884). In 1853 he married Eliza- beth Ann Smith of Conway, Mass. The interests of Colby were ever dear to him and he had a large part in the raising of its endowment. It has been said of him : "The greatest value of 32 49^ HISTORY OF WATICRVILLK. Prof. Hamlin's work in life was in his influence upon students as an example of a Christian gentleman, of manly honor, of chastened dignity, of almost ideal manhood."' James Hobbs Hanson, son of James and Deborah Clark Han- son, was born in China, Maine, June 26, i8i6. After attending the town school and China Academy he entered W'aterville Col- lege in the fall of 1838. The next year after his graduation from college he began teaching in Waterville Academy. He continued teaching in the academy until 1854, when he became principal of the Eastport High school. In 1857 ^^ was called to the Portland High school. From 1863 to 1865 he conducted a private school in Portland. In 1865 the trustees of Waterville College wished him to return to the principalship of Waterville Academy, now Cobum Classical Institute, and he remained at the head of this school until his death in 1894. He was the author of the widely used "Preparatory Latin Prose Book," and joint editor of the "Hand Book of Latin Poetry." He was elected to the board of trustees of Waterville college in 1862. In 1872 the degree of LL. D. was conferred upon him by Colby Col- lege. He was twice married : in 1845 to Sarah Boardman Mars- ton of Waterville, in 1854 to Mary E. Field of vSidiiey. lie died in Waterville, Maine, April 21, 1894. Franklin Winslotv Johnson, son of Elizabeth Winslow and John Sullivan Johnson, was born in Jay, Maine, August 17, 1870. He prepared for college at Wilton Academy and grad- uated from Colby College in 1891. After serving for three years as principal of Calais High School he was called to the head- ship of Cobum Classical Institute. He is president of the Maine Teachers' Association. He was married in 1896 to Carolyn M. Lord of Calais, Maine. Principal Johnson is a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity and of the Phi Beta Kappa society. George Washington Keely, for twenty-three years professor of mathematics and natural philosophy in Colby College, was born, December 25, 1803, in Northampton, England. He was the son of Rev. George and Mary Ramsay Keely. He came to Haverhill, Mass., with his father's family in 1818. He graduated 1. Memorial Address by Krancis W. Bakcman D.D. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 499 from Brown University in 1824. He served as a tutor of Latin and Greek at Brown for three years and in 1829 was called to a professorship in Colby College. "He engaged early in original research, but published very little; yet his few brief articles in English and American scientific journals gained for him high reputation among scientific men. In 1847 he was invited by the head of the British Colonial Surveys to make a series of magnetic observations in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, the results of which were published in England the following year. For sev- eral months in 1833, and again from 1839 to 1841, he was called upon as senior professor to administer the government of the college, but he refused to assume the presidency permanently, as being an office wholly incompatible with his temperament and tastes." [From Professor Hamlin's memorial.] After his withdrawal from the college in 1852 he continued his residence in Waterville until his death, June 13, 1878. He was given the degree of LL. D. by Brown University in 1849. He was- married in 1829 to Mrs. Jane Whitman Bailey of Providence, R. I., who died in 1866. They had two children, Eliza, who. died in infancy, and Mary, wife of Professor J. D. Taylor of Waterville. Asa Lyman Lane, son of Edmimd Cleaves and Mary Ring Humphrey Lane, was born in Yarmouth, February 18, 1839. He graduated from Colby College in 1862 and for the next four years was principal of Reid Institute in Pennsylvania. From 1867 to 1870 he studied at Newton Theological Institution. From 1870 to 1875 he was pastor of the Baptist church at Bidde- ford, Maine. After serving for one year as principal of New London Institution he was called to the chair of sciences and mathematics in Coburn Classical Institute, where he remained twenty-five years. He resigned in 1901. Mr. Lane received the degree of A. M. from Colby College in 1867. At present he is one of the trustees of the Waterville Public Library and a member of the school board. He was married in 1864 to Mary J. Robinson. They have two daughters, Ava Bertha and Mary Blanche. Mr. Lane's present address is 12 Nudd street, Water- ville, Maine. Justin Rolph Loomis was born in Bennington, Vermont, August 21, 1810. He prepared for college in the Hamilton 500 HISTORY OF WATEKVILI.E. Literan,' Institution and was graduated at Brown University with high honor in 1835. In 1836 he became a tutor in Colby and was elected in 1838 professor of chemistry and natural history. This position he held with great honor both to himself and to the college until 1852. During this time he pursued scientific explorations in Bolivia, Peru and Chile and published some important papers and text-books. Of strong Christian character and active in religious work he was of great help to the Baptist church in the city, and his ideas were carried out in the remodel- ing of its meeting house. His relations with the students were especially close and helpful. In 1852 Prof. Loomis accepted the chair of natural science in the university at Lewisburg, Pa., and became president of the institution in 1858, which office he held for twenty-one years. As at Waterville, his Christian char- acter and eminent ability exerted a powerful influence in the church and community. Beside many scientific papers, Prof. Loomis published, "Principles of Geology," "I'hysiology." "Anatomy" and other text-books of high rank. Moses Lyford was born in Mount \^ernon, Maine, January 31, 1816. His parents were Dudley and Betsey Smith Lyford. After graduating from Colby College in 1843, he taught in Ken- nebunk Academy, in Townshend Academy. Vermont, and in the Boys' High school, Portland. In 1856 he was elected professor of mathematics and natural philosophy in Colby College. In 1873 a professorship of mathematics was established and Pro- fessor Lyford became professor of natural history and astronomy. He retired from active service in the college in 1884. He received the degree of LL. D. from Colby College in 1874. He was married in 1848 to Mary L. Dyer. One son survives them, — Hon. E. F. Lyford of Springfield, Mass. Professor Lyford died August 4, 1887, at Portland, Maine. Shailcr Mathews, son of Jonathan Bennett and Sophia Lucinda Mathews, was born in Portland, Maine, May 26, 1863. He prepared for college in the high school at Portland and graduated from Colby in 1884. After completing the three years' course of study at Newton Theological Institution, he became associate professor of English at Colby. In 1887 he was elected professor of history and political economy in the same institution. In 1894 he was elected associate professor of New Testament history and HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 50I interpretation in Chicago University and was raised to a full professorship in 1897. He received the degree of D. D. from Colby College in 190 1. In 1890 he married Miss Mary Phil- brick Elden of Waterville. They have two children, Robert Elden and Helen Mathews. Professor Mathews's present ad- dress is 5736 Woodlawn avenue, Chicago, 111. ^ William Mathe'iS's, teacher and author, son of Simeon and Clymena (Esty) Mathews, was born in Waterville, July 28, 1818. He spent four years, from the age of nine to thirteen, in prepar- ing for college at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary, and China, Ivlonmouth, Bloomfield, and V,''aterville academies, and grad- uated at Waterville College (now Colby College) in 1835. He studied law for four years, alternately in office of Timothy Bou- telle and at Harvard Law School, and received degree of LL. B. from Harvard College in 1839. He spent the year 1839-1840 in Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, and in teaching a school at Amelia Court-house, Va. After being admitted to the Kennebec county bar in 1840, he practiced law in Benton and Waterville till 1843. I" i^4i ^^ began with Daniel R. Wing the publication of The IVatcn'il Ionian, a literary and family news- paper, which was succeeded in 1842 by The Yankee Blade, pub- lished by Mr. M. alone ; which last paper was removed in 1843 to Gardiner, Me., and thence in 1847 to Boston, Mass. There, greatly enlarged and strengthened by a large corps of contributors, it won an extensive circulation in all parts of the country. Finally, in 1856, the paper was sold to Col. Sleeper of the Boston Mer- cantile Journal, and united with the Portfolio. In 1856, Mr. Mathews moved to Chicago, 111., where, during the next three years, he edited a financial weekly journal, and contributed to the Tribune, Evening Journal, Chronotype, Covenant, and other newspapers. From 1839 to 1842 he was librarian of the Young Men's Library Association; from 1862 to 1875, professor of rhetoric and English literature in the old University of Chicago. In 1868 he received from Colby University the honorary degree of LL. D. In 1875 he resigned his professorship, and has since devoted himself wholly to literature. In 1880 he returned to Boston, Mass., where he has since resided. In 1845 h^ was mar- ried to Mary Elizabeth Dingley, of Winslow, Me. ; in 1850 to Isabella I. IMarshall, of China, Me. : and in 1865 to Harriet N. 502 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. Griggs, Chicago. 111. Since 1872 he has written and published the following books, viz. : "Getting on in the World ; or. Hints on Success in Life," of which 70,000 copies have been sold in this country, an edition published in Canada, editions issued in London by three publishers, three Scandinavian translations pub- lished, and one in Magyar, at Budapest, Hungary ; "The Great Conversers;" "Words, their Use and Abuse," afterward greatly enlarged, of which 25,000 copies have been sold ; "Hours with Men and Books ;" "Monday Chats," translated from the French of C. A. Sainte-Beuve, with an introductory critical sketch of his life and writings ; "Oratory and Orators," republished in Lon- don ; "Literary Style, and other Essays ;" "Men, Places, and Things ;" "Wit and Humor, their Use and Abuse ;" and "Nngae Litterariae, or Brief Essays on Literary, Social, and other Themes." Dr. Mathews has also written critical introductions to the novels of Bulwer, for an elegant edition recently published in Boston; contributed numerous articles to the North American Revieiv, London Anglo-American, and other periodicals; and delivered lectures on Daniel Webster, William Wirt, and The Battle of Waterloo, etc., etc., before various historical and other societies. His present address is 130 Pembroke street, Boston, Mass. John Edivard Nelson, son of Edward and Cassandra \\'orth- ing Nelson, was born in China, Elaine, July 12, 1874. He pre- pared for college at the Waterville High school and at The Friends' School, Providence, R. L He graduated from Colby College in the class of 1898. In September of that year he became principal of the Waterville High school. After four years of successful work in this school, he has given up teaching and begim the study of law. He is a member of the Masonic and Zeta Psi fraternities and of the Phi Beta Kappa society. He married Margaret Heath Cro.sby of Waterville, July 17, 1900. Lincoln Oiven, for four years principal of the Waterville High school, was born in Buxton, Maine, December 4, i860. His parents were Melville C. and Martha \\'. Owen. He graduated from Coburn Classical Institute in 1885 and from Colby College in 1889. He was principal of the Waterville High school from i88g to 1893, when he was made classical master in The Friends' School, Providence, R. I. He is at present master of the Rice HISTORY OF VVATERVILLE. 503 Training School, Boston He was married, December 25, 1889, to Alice \\ Drummond of Waterville. Robert Everett Pattison, born in Benson, Vt., August lo, 1800, graduated at Amherst in 1830, afterward a tutor at Columbia, and came to Waterville in 1828 as professor of mathematics and natural philosophy. He remained two years, but long enough to show the quality of his manhood. In 1836 he was called to the presidency of the college, remaining until 1839, when the financial condition of the college compelled him to resign. He afterward held important pastorates and for three years was home secretary of the American Baptist Missionary Union. For the years 1848-1834 he was professor of systematic theology in Newton Theological Institution. In 1854 for a second time he became president of Colby, remaining until 1857, when his health failed. After a period of rest he became professor at Shurtleff College and later at the Union Baptist Theological Seminary, Chicago. He, died in 1874. A man of strong convictions, noble character and devoted piety, he made a powerful impression for good upon his students throughout his long and varied educa- tional career. George Dana Roarilmaii Pepper. See chapter on "The Pulpit of Waterville." Henry Ephriam Robins, president of Colby College from 1873 to 1882, was bom in Hartford, Conn., September 30, 1827. He parents were Gurdon and Julia Savage Robins. He studied at the Connecticut Literary Institution, and graduated from Newton Theological Institution in 1861. He was pastor of the Central Baptist church of Newport, R. I., from 1862 to 1867, and of the First Baptist church from 1867 to 1873. After nine years at the head of Colby College he resigned the presidency of the college to become professor of Christian ethics in Rochester Theological Seminary. He received the degree of D. D. from Rochester University and of LL. D. from Colby College. Among his pub- lished writings may be mentioned, "The Christian Idea of Edu- cation distinguished from the Secular Idea of Education" and "Harmony of Ethics with Theology." He married Martha J. Bird of Hartford, Conn., in 1864; Margaret Richardson of Rochester, N. Y., in 1872: and Cordelia E. Nott of Boston. S04 HISTORY OF \\ATF:R\II.LE. Mass., in 1878. His last wife died in 1888. Dr. Robins' present address is 580 West avenue, Rochester. N. Y. David Neivtou Sheldon. Sec chapter on "The Pulpit of Waterville." Albion IVoodbiiry Small , son of Albion Keith Parris and Thankful Woodbury Small, was born in liuckfiekl, Maine, May II, 1854. He prepared for colle.^e at the Portland High School and graduated from Colby College in 1876. He was a student at Newton Theological Institution from 1876 to 1879 and for the next two years at the Universities of Berlin and Leipzic. He was professor of history and political economy in Colby College from 1881 to 1888. The following year he was reader in history in Johns Hopkins University, where he took the degree of Ph. D. in 1889. He was president of Colby College from 1889 to 1892. In 1892 he was elected professor and head of the department of sociology in Chicago University. He received the degree of LL. D. from Colby College in 1900. He was married in 1881 to Valeria von Massow of Berlin, Germany. They have a daughter, Lina Small. Dr. Small's address is 5731 Washington avenue, Chicago. 111. Samuel King Smith, for forty yea^s professor of rhetoric in Colby College, was bom in Litchfield, Maine, October 17, 1817. He was the son of John and Polly Day Smith. He prepared for college at Monmouth Academy and graduated from Colby College in 1845. After remaining at the College one year as a tutor, he spent a year in study at Newton Theological Institu- tion. In 1848 he became editoi of Zion's Advocate. In 1851 he was elected professor of rhetoric in Colby College. In 1892 he resigned his professorship after a longer term of service than any other professor Colby College has ever had. He was ordained to the ministry in 1871 and in the same year was given the degree of D. D. by Colby College. He was married, August 14, 1854, to Annie E. Abbot. Of the six children born to them, four are living, — Mary Lambert (Mrs. F. B. Philbrick), Jennie M., Bessie E., and William Abbot. The recent death of their son, George W. Smith, president of Colgate University, cut short a career of brilliant promise. Alary L. was for several years a successful teacher in the Waterville High school and William .V. was its sub-master from January, 1898 to June, 1902. IIISTi'RY OF \VATER\'!LLE. 505 Jiiliau Daniel Taylor, professor of Latin in Colby College, was born January 29, 1846. His parents were Daniel and Mehitable Hayden Taylor. He prepared for college at Oak Grove Semin- ary and Waterville Academy. He graduated from Colby Col- lege in 1868. After serving five years as a tutor in the college, he was elected, in 1873, professor of the Latin language and literature. In 1900 he was given the degree of LL. D. by Colby College. He is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa society. He was married in 1802 to Mrs. Mary Keely Boutelle of Waterville. Labaii Edwards JJ'arrcu. professor of mathematics in Colby College since 1875, '^^'^s 'j'^rn in Littleton, Mass., February 24, 1836. His parents were Laban and Mary Foster Warren. He prepared for college at Colby Academy, New London, N. H. and graduated from Brown University in 1866. He taught in Colby Academy from 1867 until 1875, when he was called to the chair of mathematics in Colby College. In addition to his work as professor of mathematics he has for several years given courses of art lectures, alike interesting and valuable. Professor Warren was given the degree of A. M. by Brown L^niversity in 1869 and the degree of LL. D. by Colby College in 1893. He was married, August 14, 1872, to Mary Osborne Carter of Con- cord, N. H. Charles Lincoln White, president of Colby college, was born January 22, 1863, at Nashua, N. H. His parents were George and Harriet Richardson White. He prepared for college in the Woburn, Mass. High school, and graduated from Brown Uni- versity in 1887 and from Newton Theological Institution three years later. He was pastor of the Baptist church at Somers- worth, N. H., from 1890 to 1894, and of the First church of Nashua, N. H., from 1894 to 1900. After serving as general secretary of the New Hampshire Baptist Convention for one year, he was elected president of Colby College in June, 1901. He received the degree of D. D. from Bowdoin College in 1902. He is a member of the Delta Upsilon fraternity. He was mar- ried, April 2C), 1 891, to Margaret Donalda Dodge. They have four children, — Jessie Dodge, Harriet Dodge, Katharine Dodge, and Clarissa Dodge. Benaiah Lcngley Whitman was born in Wilmot, Nova Scotia, November 21, 1862. His parents were Isaac J. and Sarah M. sob HISTORY OF WATKRXILLE. Whitman. He prepared for college at Worcester Academy, and graduated from Brown University in 1897 and from New- ton Theological Institution in 1890. From 1890 to 1892 he was pastor of the Free Street Baptist church at Portland, Maine. He was president of Colby College from 1892 to 1895 and of Columbian University from 1895 to 1900. Since 1900 he has been pa.stor of the Fifth Baptist church in Philadelphia. He married Mary Joelena Scott of Newton, Mass. They have three children, Lawrence, Lucy Belknap, and .Mary Delight \Vhitman. CHAPTER XXVI. SOME OF THE BUSINESS MEN OF WATERVILLE. Bv Rev. Asa L. Lane, A. Appleton Plaisted, and Edwin C. Whittemore. \\'hat the business life of Waterville has been in the past, and is today, appears very clearly in other chapters of this volume. This chapter aims only to give biographical data concerning some of the business men. In the space available it is manifestly impossible to mention all who are worthy of mention, or who would receive it in a biographical history of the town. The list given is representative, not complete. Many there are, especially among the )"0unger business men, who already have won success m business, who have manifested an excellent public spirit, and who will have large place in the next centennial volume. The editors agree fully with the opinion that there are a great many more men — such is Waterville's wealth in men — whose names should have been included. Stephen I. Abbott, the successful agent of the Lockwood Mills through their entire history, was born in Fryeburg, Me., March 31, 1822, the son of Isaac and Elizabeth Abbott. He was edu- cated in the public schools and in Fryeburg Academy. March 5, 1848, he married Miss Ruth L. Knight of Buxton, Me. Their children are Amos F., Martha A., Mary E., and William H. K., long associated with his father in the management of the Lock- wood Mills. Mr. Abbott has given his entire business life to cotton manufacture, in which he has attained a notable success. He was alderman in the first city government of Lewiston, where he then resided, and served as selectman of Waterville for three 508 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. years. Mr. Abbott went to Lewiston in 1857, and became master mechanic of the Androscoggin Mills, and was afterward agent of the Continental Mills. For two years he was agent of the River- point Mills at Riverpoint, R. I., and came to Waterville in 1875. He is a member of the Episcopal church and of the Masonic Order. His residence for many years has been at No. 50 Pleasant St. IVUliam H. K. Abbott was born in Lewiston, Me., April 22, i860, the son of vStephen I. and Ruth (Knight) Abbott. He was educated in the city schools, and while quite young went into the cotton mill business, with which his father had been so long connected. He came to Waterville on the opening of the Lock- wood Mills, and in 1890 became superintendent, which responsi- ble position he has since held with conspicuous ability and success. Mr. Abbott is a member of Waterville Lodge, F. and A. M., of the Royal Arch Chapter, and of the St. Omer Commandery, Knights Templar. He is a communicant of the Episcopal church. He was married, Aug. 26, 1882, to Miss Emma D. Boothby, daughter of L. T. and Sophia (Brett) Boothby of this city. Their children are Ruth Helen, Margaret Elsie, and Stephen Boothby. The family residence is at 16 School St. t/" Arthur Julius Aldcii, son of Julius and Elizabeth (Xourse) Alden, was born in Waterville, April 23, 1838, in the eighth gen- eration from John and Priscilla Alden. He was educated in the public schools and at Waterville Academy. Mr. Alden was mar- ried Nov. 19. 1866, to Miss Ellen Wentworth, daughter of George and Sophia (Lovejoy) Wentworth. Three sons were born to them, of whom Frank Wentworth Alden, Colby, '98. Zcta Psi Fraternity, and Arthur Fred Alden are living. Mr. Alden started in business as a watchmaker and jeweler, in June, 1854. In 1867 his brother, Chas. H. Alden, entered into partnership under the name of Alden Brothers. The business has been conducted in the same place since 1854, the firm being the oldest in the city. Mr. Alden was member of the city coun- cil for 1895, and has been a director of the People's Bank since 1893. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, which he joined in 1862, and of the Congregational Church, with which he united in 1878. The family residence is No. 15, College Ave. HISTORY oe WATERX'ILLE. 509 Charles Henry Aldcii was born in Waterville, April 13, 1836, the son of Julius and Elizabeth (Nourse) Alden. He was edu- cated in the public schools and at Hebron and Waterville acad- emies. He engaged in business as a printer from 1854 to i860 at which date he entered the jewelry and watch business. In 1867 the firm of Alden Bros, was formed, which continues the business to the present (1902). Mr. Alden has been prominent in lodge circles, was worshipful master, Waterville Lodge, No. 33 F. and A. M., 1870-71. He is a member of Teconnet R. A. Chapter No. 52, also of Lebanon Counsel R. and S. M., No. 13, and of vSt. Omer Commandery Knights Templar, No. 12. Samuel Appleton, oldest son of Dr. Moses Appleton, was born in Waterville, September 30, 1803. His mother was Theresa Clarke, daughter of Capt. John Clarke. His education was obtained at private schools and such public schools as then existed. In 1821 he went to Boston as clerk with Henry Rice, a wholesale merchant. Returning in 1824, he engaged in busi- ness with William Oilman, a son of Nath. Gilman. The part- nership continued for a few years and then, after two years of trade on his own account, he went again to Rice's, where he stayed till 1835. In 1840 he was elected a selectman and was re-elected for seven successive years. He was appointed post- master 1841, an office which he held for two terms of four years each. In 1856 the firm of Warren, Appleton & Company built a mill on the Messalonskee, a little above the foundry, for the manufacture of cedar bark paper. This did not prove a great success and was changed to making newspaper about i860, the proprietors being Mr. Appleton and Zebulon Sanger. This was the last active business in which he was engaged. He was president of Ticonic National Bank from 1875 to 1884. He was never married. He died October 2, 1890. WiUard B. Arnold has recently received the congratulations of his friends on his completion of a half century of business life in one line and in one location. As the iron foundry of Webber & Philbrick is the oldest of the manufacturing industries of Waterville, so the hardware business into which Mr. Arnold entered fifty years ago had even then been long established and was successful according to the standards of the time. Mr. 5IO HISTOKY OK WATKUXILI.E. Arnold was born in Sidney, Me., August 22, 1835, the son of Jeremiah and Vesta (Bailey) Arnold. He was educated at the pub- lic schools, the Waterville Liberal Institute and Westbrook Sem- inary. April 5, 1832, he became a clerk in the hardware business of Dunn, Elden & Company. September, 1863, he entered into partnership with Jones R. Elden, which was terminated by the death of Mr. Elden in April, 1864. From 1864 to 1876 Mr. Nathaniel Aleader was a member of the firm, the firm name being Arnold and Aleader. He then bought out Air. Aleader and the firm became W. B. Arnold and Company. Mr. Arnold has served the town and city in several offices. In 1877 ^''^ was on the board of selectmen, has been chief engineer of the fire depart- ment, for his services in this capacity a gold medal was pre- sented him by members and friends of the department. For seventeen years he has been a member of the committee in charge of Pine Grove Cemetery. A'Ir. Arnold has been master of Water- ville Lodge, F. and A. AL, and is a member of St. Omer Com- mandery, Knights Templar. He is an attendant at the Unitarian church. In 1864 he was united in marriage with Miss Ellen Louise Furbish. They have one son. Air. Frederick J. Arnold, who was born in 1868, was educated at the Institute, at Phillips Academy, Exeter, N. H., and at the School of Technolog}', Bos- ton. Since graduation Mr. Arnold has given his attention to the hardware business with his father. Air. Oscar G. Springfield, though born in Castine, Me., Nov- ember II, 1854, has spent his entire business life in Waterville. In 1 87 1 he entered the store of Arnold and Aleader as clerk, where he remained until 1888, when he became partner in the firm; the partnership still continues. In 1888 Air. Springfield married Aliss Florence A. Worcester of Cambridge, Alass., a great-grand-daughter of Alayor Bolcom, who was prominent in the early history of Waterville. They have three children. Mr. Springfield is a member of Waterville Lodge, F. and A. AI., and is president of the Canibas Club. Martin Blaisdell, son of Hosea Blaisdell, was born in Winthrop, Me., Alarch 29, 1845. • ^^ was educated in the town schools and in Waterville Academy, now Coburn Institute. He was married, June 26, 1871, to Miss Annie A. Hitchings, iiisToRv OF \\ati;r\'ille. 511 daughter of Samuel Hitchings of Waterville. For the most of his Hfe Mr. Blaisdell has been employed in farming, having a large and fine farm in the southern part of the town. He has been interested, also, in horse and stock breeding and introduced the first Percheron stallion in this section of the county. In 1872-3 he was associated with C. H. Redington in the furniture business. He has served the town as selectman in 1876-7, street commissioner in 'g^-'o^, was member of the city counsel for the years '96, '97 and '98, and in 1901 was elected on an independent ticket without any opposition as mayor of the city. He was re-elected as the Republican candidate in 1902. The signal events of his administration have been the erection of the new City Hall, to which Mayor Blaisdell has given much time, care- ful oversight and valuable judgment ; and the celebration of the Centennial. Mr. Blaisdell is a member of Waterville Lodge, Xo. 33, F. and A. M., and of St. Omer Commandery, No. 12, Knights Templar. /^ Levi Thompson Boothby was born in Livermore, Me., June '21, 1818, and died at his residence in Waterville, comer of Pleasant and Park streets. January 9, 1900. He was the son of Icliabod and Charlotte (Knight) Boothby. He was educated in the public schools. He married Sophia P. Brett, August 23, 1843, ^"d Charlotte Francis, October 28, 1876. He learned the blacksmith's trade in his youth and did the iron work on scythe snaths. He was station agent of the Somerset and Kennebec Railroad at the Front street station, from 1858 to '68; after- wards in the insurance business, the agency of L. T. Boothby and Son, doing a business among the very largest in the State. He was very active in the Sons of Temperance ; was a member of the I. O. O. F., and of the Free Baptist church. His children are Frederic E. Boothby, mayor of Portland ; Ellen S., Mary Louisa, Wm. A. R., Edward D., and Emma D. He resided in Norway, 1839-1846; in South Paris, 1846- 1857, and in Water- ville, 1857-1900. Frederic Elcazer Boothby, one of the most successful of those sons of Waterville whose business life has led them elsewhere, was born in Norway, Me., December 3, 1845, the son of Levi Thompson and Sophia (Brett) Boothby. He was educated in 512 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. the public schools, the Normal Institute at South Paris and the VVaterville Classical Institute. He began his business life as assistant postmaster of Waterville in 1861. May i, 1864 he was made master of transportation of the M. C. R. R. with office at Waterville : shortly after the office of general ticket agent was assigned to him. In 1871 he became paymaster and freight auditor of the Maine Central with office at Augusta. In 1874 he was again appointed general ticket agent and removed to Portland, and in 1875 became also, general passenger agent of the Maine Central system, which position, ever growing more important under his able management, he still holds. He is al.^o general passenger agent of the I'hillips & Rangeley R. R. and of the Portland, Mt. Desert & Machias Steamboat Company. For five years Mr. Boothby was president of the Portland Board of Trade, giving to it a very successful leadership. He is a trustee of the Union Safe Deposit and Trust Company, president of the Forest City Loan and Building Association, treasurer of the Maine Eye and Ear Infirmary, trustee of Coburn Classical Institute, beside other important and responsible positions. Mr. Boothby has never sought public office, but was appointed by Governor Bodwell a member of his staff. Gov. Marble con- tinued the appointment and Governor Burleigh made him com- missary-general of his staff, with rank of colonel. Mr. Boothby became mayor of the city of Portland in 1901, and his adminis- tration proved so business-like, clean and popular, that he was re-elected mayor for 1902 by a very coini^liinentary vote. Mr. Boothby is connected with but one fraternity, being a member of Portland Commandery, Knights Templar. October 25, 1871, he was married to Miss Adelaide E. Smith, daughter of Charles H. and Vesta (Thayer) Smith. Mr. Smith is remembered by many as the popular proprietor of the "Williams House" at Waterville. A graceful indication of Mrs. Boothby's interest in Waterville, is her recent gift of the beautiful vase which adorns the park in front of the new City Hall. Frank Chase, one of the most successful of Waterville inven- tors and business men, was bom in Waterville, May 10, 1847, the son of Franklin S. and Dorothy Annis Chase. He was edu- cated in the city schools but at seventeen years of age joined the HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 513 navv. On the close of the war he became a machinist and inven- tor in Boston, where he resided until 1894, when he returned to Waterville and bought the Herrick place on Western avenue. During this time Mr. Chase invented and patented the Chase lasting machine. This machine was very successful, came into large use and through the company which controls it, pays Mr. Chase a very handsome annual revenue. About fifty other patents are on Mr. Chase's list. .A.fter coming to Waterville, Air. Chase built the stone dam on the Messalonskee and devel- oped the business which he sold to the Union Gas and Electric Company. This has greatly increased Waterville's electrical power. In 1902 Mr. Chase formed the Chase Manufacturing Company and is erecting a woolen mill on the Messalonskee on the old tannery water privilege. November 19, 1865, Mr. Chase was married to Miss Valora A. Whitney, daughter of Thomas and Hephzibah Whitney of Etna, Me. They have no children. Mr. Chase is a member of Waterville Lodge, F. and A. M. Cyrus WilUani Daiis was born in Buxton Center, September 25, 1856, the son of Cyrus and Harriet (Pratt) Davis. He was educated in the schools of Buxton and in the academy at Gorham, Me. He married, December 25, 1879, Miss Flora E. Philbrook, daughter of Mr. Joseph Philbrook of Lisbon Falls. They have two sons, Harold Philbrook and Russell Wendell. Mr. Davis began his business life with Hon. E. H. Banks of Biddeford. a dry goods merchant, and at the age of twenty-two engaged in a like business with S. Smith, Jr., in Waterville. This partner- ship lasted for five years. Since that time Mr. Davis has been engaged in general investment and corporation business, since 1890 under the firm name of Davis and Soule, with offices in New York City, Boston, St. John, N. B., and Waterville. He is in the directorate of many corporations and has given much attention to mining and electric railroads. His enterprise and sound judgment have made him especially successful. Mr. Davis has been a member of the city government and was elected as Waterville's representative in the Legislature, a position which he now (1902) holds. He was the Democratic candidate for speaker of the House, and served on the ways and means an! other important business committees. He is a member of Water- 33 514 HISTORY OF WATERVir.LE. ville Lodge. No. 33, F. and A. M., Teconnet Chapter, Xo. 52. R. A. M., and St. Omer Cominandery No. 12, Knights Templar. He is a memher of the Baptist church and is a trustee of Coburn Classical Institute. He was re-elected to the Legislature in September, 1902. George Watson Dorr, the veteran druggist, was born, March 24., 1842. He was educated in the public schools of Augusta and in the Maine Wesleyan Seminary at Kents Hill. He has been (1902) forty-four years in the drug business. After an apprenticeship of four years in Boston, he was in business for nine years in Augusta. He then came to Waterville and was in partnership with Ira H. Low for five years from 1870-1875. Mr. Dorr was married, August 8, 1867, to Miss Mary P. Fol- lansbee. They have one daughter, Miss Annie G. Dorr. Mr. Dorr is a member of Waterville Lodge, F. and A. M., Teconnet Chapter, and St. Omer Commandery, K. T. He is a member of the American Pharmaceutical Association and is ex-pt-esident of the Maine Pharmaceutical Association. V^ Reuben B. Dunn was bom in Poland, Me., December 23, 1802. and was the son of Josiah and Sarah (Barnes) Dunn. He was educated in the common schools and academy. He married, in 1827, Emeline Davis, who died in 1833 ; in 1834 he married a sister of Emeline, Eliza Davis, who died in 1837 ; in December, 1838, he married Lydia R. Ayer. He taught school in 1820; was in a country store in 1821 ; afterwards bought and sold timber land and lumber ; sold clocks and threshing machines all the country over from the Penobscot to the Hudson ; general lumber business until 1857 ; of the firm Dunn, Elden and Com- pany, hardware dealers, 1850 to 1863; manufacturing scythes, axes and other agricultural tools from 1841 until his death ; pro- moting and developing railroads, cotton and woolen mills from 1847; president Maine Central Railroad to 1870; in business life seventy-four years. He represented the town in the State Legislature. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and a very large contributor to the erection of its house of worship in this city. His children were, by the first wife, Emeline, Mary Eliza ; by the second, Sarah Bames ; by the .bird, Willard M., Reuben \\'., and Cora A. He lived in Poland, HISTORY OF WATBRVILLE. $1$ Me., to 1841 . Keadfield. Me., to August. 1850; Waterville to his death which occurred, September 9, 1889. Willard M. Dunn, son of Reuben W. and Lydia (Aver) Dunn, was born in Fayette, Me., May 11, 1845. ^^ was educated in the schools of Watervulle and at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary at Kents Hill. He began his business career as a salesman in a cloth store in Boston in 1866, where he remained three years. Removing to Auburn, he engaged in shoe manufacturing, being a member of the firm of Pulsifer, Roak and Company. In 1873 he became treasurer of the Ticonic Water Power and Manu- facturing Company at Waterville. He was a member of the firm of R. B. Dunn and Sons and shared actively in the building of the first Lockvvood mill and in the formation of the Lockwood Company and the development of their business, in which he still is a director. ]\]r. Dunn is interested in other mills and is in the directorate of several manufacturing companies. He is the president of the Dunn Edge Tool Company of Oakland. In 1879 he was appointed postmaster of Waterville and has been re-appointed under each Republican administration to the present time. He has managed the rapidly increasing volume of post- office business to the satisfaction of the department and of the patrons of the office. The system has been greatly extended and improved during his administration. January i, 1874 Mr. Dunn married Miss Alma B. Lowell. They have one child, Mabel E., who has studied at Colby and in Boston. Mr. Dunn is a member of Waterville Lodge, F. and .A. M., Teconnet R. A. Chapter, Mt. Lebanon Council, St. Omer Commandery, Knights Templar, Kora Temple of the Mystic Shrine and Havelock Lodge, No. 35. Knights of Pythias. Reuben Wesley Dunn, son of Reuben B. and Lydia (Ayer) Dunn, was bom in Fayette, Me., February 8, 1847. The family moved to Waterville in 1850. He studied in the public and pri- vate schools of Waterville and at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary at Kents Hill. He was graduated by Colby University in the class of 1868 and after teaching as principal of Corinth Academy for two years gave himself wholly to a business life. He has been connected with the Lockwood Company; in partnership with Lorin A. Presby was in the department store business from 1884 to 1 89 1. He has been a director and officer in several cotton 5l6 HISTORY OF \VATER\n-LE. and woolen mill corporations in Waterville, Oakland and Madi- son. Since 1807 he has been president of the Somerset Railroad and treasurer and manager of the Dunn Edge Tool Company of Oakland. September 2, 1873, he was married to Miss Martha Baker, daughter of Judge Baker of Hallowell. Mrs. Dunn is the author of "Memory Street," "Lias' Wife" and other books ; also of many articles in the leading literary magazines which have won high appreciation and approval. Her depth of insight, clearness in portraiture and true feeling, sometimes veiled in humor, have given value as well as popularity to her books, while the reading of her unpublished stories for the benefit of the Woman's Association or the Woman's Literary Club has been a delightful feature of their winter's program. Mr. and Mrs. Dunn have two children, Florence E. and Henry W. The latter was graduated at Colby in '98 and at the Harvard Law School with high honor in the class of 1902. Mr. Dunn has been on the board of education six years and a trustee of Maine Wesleyan Seminary since 1877. He has received the degree of A. B. and A. M. from Colby, is a member of the Masonic order, the Zeta Psi fraternity and the Alethodist Episcopal church. Moses C. Foster was born in Newry, Oxford county. Me. in July, 1827, the son of Benjamin and Lovisa Foster. He studied in the common schools, the Rumford High school, taught at the time by the late Judge Virgin, Gould's Academy, Bethel, and Bridgton Academy. In June, 1849, he was married to Miss Francina Smith, daughter of Peter G. and Polly Smith of Bethel. In 1846 Mr. Foster commenced business as a contractor and builder and has continued in the same business for fifty-six 3'ears (1902). During the Civil War he served, by appointment, as master builder in the quartermaster's department, U. S. A., at Washington, D. C. The most of Mr. Foster's work has been on important contracts for public buildings for the U. S. Govern- ment, the State, counties, cities, towns, railroads, churches, etc. He has, to the present time, built thirteen churches. In 1874 he moved to Waterville and in 1880 associated with him in business, his onlj' son, Herbert G. Foster under the firm name of M. C. F'oster and Son. After the death of Mr. Herbert Foster the firm name was continued. Mr. Foster is a member of the I. O. O. F., and has long been a prominent and helpful member of the Metho- HISTORY OF watervillh;. 51/ (list church. His children are Eva E., wife of Dr. F. E. Stevens, Ada M., wife of Hon. W. C. Philbrook ; Herbert G., deceased ; Carrie M., wife of Frank Redington ; Alleen, wife of Frederick J. Arnold ; and Angie, wife of Dr. J. Frederick Hill. Mark Gallert has been from boyhood in business in Waterville. He was born in Germany, October 27, 1847, the son of Moses Gallert. In 1862 he entered the store of his brother, David Gal- lert, who for many years was a prominent and much respected merchant of this city. Since 1872 Mr. Gallert has been engaged in the boot and shoe business, in this, as in other business ven- tures, proving successful. October 27, 1872, being exactly twenty-five years old, he was married to Miss Rebecca Peavy, daughter of Jacob Peavy. He was selectman in 1877 ^"*^ 's a member of the Masonic order. His children are D. J. Gallert, Sidney M., Miriam F., Aimer P., and Gordon. In 1883 he built the fine residence on Silver street which has since been his home. He has large holdings in city real estate. l^ Blbridge L. Gefchell was born in Waterville, March 22, 1814. He was the son of Nehemiah Getchell, Jr., who in turn was son of the Nehemiah Getchell who acted as guide for Gen. Benedict Arnold in his expedition against Quebec. Eldridge Getchell was graduated in the class of 1837, Waterville College. He was twice married, in 1839 to Mary Shepherd, whose father was one of the first trustees of the college, and in 1850 to Mrs. Frances Ames. He read law two years with Harrison A. Smith and Isaac Redingon and was then admitted to the bar. He was post- master from 1844- '48 and from i854-'6o; from 1861 to 1879 cashier of Waterville Bank. He was a trustee of the college from 1850 to 1880, and served as treasurer without compensa- tion for thirty years, from 1851 to 1881. He died, April 30, 1899, at his home on Getchell street. ]]' alter Bcenicnt Getchell was born in Winslow, December 24, 1809 ; was the son of William Getchell. He was in the Winslow public schools and in the Waterville Institute. In 1833 he mar- ried Ann Elisabeth Balkcom ; in 1847 Antionette Colby. In 1830 he was partner with William Getchell in a grocery store ; from 1831 in lumber business, saw mills, steamboat building and sea faring ; and was in business for seventy years. He has long 5l8 HISTORY OF UATERVILLE. been a member of the Universalist church. His children are Ann E. (Davis), L. Alice (Burr), Sanborn P., Leslie S., Eva S., Albert Colby. His residence is at 47 Silver street, Waterville. He is now the oldest resident of the city. Eliphalet Gozv was the son of Dea. James Gow, a Scotchman from Glasgow, settled in Hallowell. Eliphalet served an appren- ticeship as a tinman until twenty years of age when he bought the remainder of his time for $100, and with ten dollars worth of tin and a few tools came to Waterville. He began business in a shop on the comer of Main and Silver streets. This was in 1826 or 1827. Industrious, skilful and upright, he steadily pros- pered until 1836 when he built the store of Boutelle block, now owned and occupied by W. B. Arnold & Co. It has been occu- pied continuously as a hardware store till the present day, and a profitable business has been carried on by every one of Mr. Gow's successors — Chadboume & Gilman, Jones R. Elden, Stephen Stark, R. B. Durm, G. A. Phillips, Nathl. Aleader and W". B. Arnold & Co. He married Serena M., daughter of Dea. Xath'l Russell, in whose family he lived. His son, Geo. B. Gow, was educated at Waterville Academy, Waterville College and New- ton Theological Seminary. He was settled as a pastor in Gloucester, Mass. and Glens Falls, N. Y., and having retired from the ministry on account of ill health, is now living at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Eliphalet Gow died of consumption, 1837. Joseph Henry Grondin, born in St. Victor, Canada, county of Bauce, April 3, 185 1, was the son of Narcisse and Marie (Bolduc) Grondin; married, January 11, 1887, Alphonsine Dufault, born in Sherbrooke, Canada. Their two children are Antionette and Gragiella. He came to Waterville at the age of two and one-half years, was educated in our public schools, and in 1889 bought out the stove and furniture business of Oscar Emerson, with whom he had worked for fifteen years. He was overseer of the poor for two years ; was a member of the Society of St. John the Baptist, of the Union Lafayette, of the United Workmen, and of the Knights of Cohnnbus. His dcatli occurred December 30, 1900, as the result of an accident. Charles Foster Hathaway, born in Plymouth, Mass., July 2, 1816, was the son of Joshua and Rebecca (Foster) Hathaway. He HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. 519 was educated in the common schools, hut began work when eleven years of age. In 1840 he married Temperance Black- well. He learned the printer's trade with E. Merriam & Co., West Brookfield, INIass., and worked for some time with G. & C. Alerriam, Springfield, Alass. He came to Waterville in 1843, worked as a printer here and in 1847 started "The Waterville Union," which he soon sold to Ephriam Maxham, who changed its name to "The Eastern Mail." In 1850 he built a shirt factory in Watertown, Mass., and in 1853 started the same business in Waterville, which he continued until his death. He was very active in temperance and religious work and his efforts among the people on the Plains, begun in 1857, had much to do in starting the Baptist interest in that part of the city. He was a member of the Baptist church. His place of business and residence were on Appleton street. He died, December 5, 1893. Frederick P. Haviland, long prominent in the business life of the city, was born at Danville, Vt., December 24, 1808, the son of Ebenezer Haviland. He came to Waterville in 1833 in the employ of the Fairbanks Company who, fearing that the scale business would be overstocked, started the manufacture of plows at Waterville. This was the beginning of the Waterville Iron Works. In 1843 t^he firm of Webber and Haviland was formed and continued the foundry business until 1873, when Webber and Philbrick became their successors. Mr. Haviland was mar- ried in June, 1848, to Miss Abby Chase of Fryeburg, Me. Mr. Haviland had two sons, Frederick, who spent most of his life in the W^est, and Charles T., who is in business in New York. Mr. Haviland had represented Waterville in the Legislature, w'as one of the first board of aldermen, and a director of the Peoples Bank. He was an active and influential member of the Congregational church. He wai prosperous in business, helpful in business relations and charitable to the needy. He died in January, 1893, his wife surviving him until 1902. Hon. Josiali Manchester Haynes, son of Josiah M. and Bath- sheba (Waugh) Haynes, was born in Waterville, May 12, 1839. He studied at Waterville Academy, Coburn Institute and was graduated with high rank at Waterville College in the class of i860. He then became principal of Lincoln Academy, New- 520 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. castle, Me., where he taught successfully for three years. After two years' study of the law he was admitted to the New York bar in 1865. In 1866 he returned to Maine and engaged in busi- ness enterprises at Augusta. These enterprises have been remarkably successful. He has been president of the Kennebec Land and Lumber Company, of the Haynes and DeWitt Ice Company, was one of the organizers of the Edwards Manufac- turing Company, and, in 1894, organized the Augusta .Trust Company, of which he is president. He is largely interested and is a director in the Augusta and Gardiner Street Railway, the Thomaston and Camden, the Bangor and Oldtown, and many other similar properties in the West. He is also a director of the Eastern Steamboat Company. For five years he represented Augusta in the Legislature, for four of which he was speaker of the House. He has had two terms in the State Senate and was president of that body during the critical year of 1879. His ability as a lawyer, orator and statesman was of great value to the State at that time in the settlement of questions which threat- ened bloodshed. Mr. Haynes was married in 1865 to Miss Eliza- beth S. Sturgis. Their children are Marion Douglass, Hope Manchester, Muriel Sturgis. The family residence is at Augusta. V' Perham S. Fleald was born in Solon, ]\Iaine, December 20, 1842, the son of Thomas H. Heald. He was educated in the public schools and in that stem school, the Civil War. Mr. Heald enlisted, August 25, 1862, in the 19th Maine, one of the famed fighting regiments. He served till the close of the war, sharing in the battles of Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, the Wil- derness, Petersburg and many minor engagements. For nine months he was a prisoner at Libby and Andersonville. At the close of the war Mr. Heald commenced business in Waterville as a clothing merchant, and has continued in the same business ever since (1902). In 1868 he was married to Miss Mary E. AVebb. Mr. Heald has had an active part in politics, was city assessor for three years, member of the Maine Legislature 1887. 1888, 1889. Member of the Senate, 1897, 1899. Mr. Heald is a member of W. S. Heath Post, G. A. R., of which he has been commander, is a Mason and a member of the Baptist church. HISTORY OF WATERV'ILLi;. 521 He has one son, Mr. Fred P. Heald, who is engaged in business with his father. ^ Sheriff James Preston Hill was born in Waterville, August 2, 1827, the son of Purmot and Lydia Smith Hill. Early in life Mr. Hill learned the trade of a blacksmith, but later became proprietor of a grocery store which he conducted for many years. During the War of the Rebellion he served as provost marshal, and for the last thirty-five years has been deputy sheriff of Ken- nebec county. Mr. Hill has been deeply interested in the fire department, was an original member of the famous "Waterville 3" company and served for some time as chief engineer of the department. February 17, 1849, he married Miss Emeline B. Simpson. Their children are Annie M. (Cain), Charles A., Dr. J. Frederick, Edward P., Blanche F. and Wallace A. V George Jewell was bom in Clinton, Maine, June 3, 1824, and was the son of Sargent Jewell. His education was received in a small country school. He was married, July 15, 1849, to Clara Foster of Clinton. He came to Waterville in 1844 and engaged in steamboating on the Kennebec, first as a deck hand, then as a mate, finally as captain. In 1857 he purchased the Elmwood stables of Mr. C. E. Gray, and a few years later the Silver street stables, and continued the livery business until failing health compelled him to give it up after having been for fifty years in active business life. He was for several years one of the select- men of the town. He gave his support to the Unitarian church. He was a charter member of Samaritan Lodge, I. O. O. F., and belonged to all the Masonic orders in the city — Waterville Lodge, No. 33, St. Omer Commandery, No. 12. His son, Capt. Frank A. Jewell, has for many years commanded a steamer on the Sacramento river, California, and his daughter, Mrs. Annie F. Oowan, now resides with her mother in Los Angeles, Cal. He died at the Elmwood, October 30, 1895, and the funeral services, with Masonic ceremonies, were held in the Unitarian church, and were conducted by Rev. J. L. Seward and Rev. J. T. Volentine. Capt. Jewell was for fifty-one years a resident of Waterville. ^ Edgar L. Jones, son of Samuel S. Jones, was born in De.xter, Me., March 15, 1853; was educated in our common schools and in the University of Michigan : married M. Adelle Curtis, Octo- 522 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. ber 20, 1875. Located as a dentist in Waterville in the Savings Bank block in 1879. Was elected alderman in 1888, and was mayor of Waterville for the two years 1891 and 1892. Is a mem- ber of the Knights of Pythias. His two sons are Charles Leroy and Carl Curtis. He was one of the first to build in Nudd Field, at the corner of Nudd and Dalton streets. His present residence is at 58 Elm street. \/ Simeon Keith, one of the oldest residents of Waterville, was a member of the Centennial Committee of one hundred and had a deep interest in the anniversary, but his death occurred before the time of the celebration. His genial face, kindly spirit, interest in others, and especially all that concerned Waterville, made him one of the most popular of the citizens. He was born in Winslow, Oct. 26, 1814, the son of Sidney, son of Simeon Keith. For sixty-three years Mr. Keith was engaged in the carriage trim- ming and harness making business in Waterville. For fifty years he was a member of the Waterville Fire Department, serving it in every capacity, and was chief engineer for many years. He was a member of the I. O. O. F., and from its organ- ization until his death was a loyal supporter of the Unitarian church. He married, Nov. 26, 1840, jMiss Lydia Frances Hill of Waterville. Their children were Sidney, Willard, Charles F., Marian and Robert. Charles F. has been connected with the railroad nearly all his life; was for twenty-one years engineer, and has held the position of traveling engineer on the M. C. R. R. since 1893. He has been long connected with the city govern- ment, serving four years as alderman. He is married and has one son, Albert R. Keith. •^ William Kendall was born in Kendall's Mills, Fairfield, Jan. 2, 1784. He was the son of Gen. Wm. Kendall, who was bom Sept. It, 1759, and died Aug. 11, 1827. He was educated in the common schools. He married Abigail Chase, by whom he had six children, William, Orra, Mahaleth, Emeline, James Madison and Benjamin Franklin. He married a second time Philadelphia Bowie Maxwell, and had one child, Juliette. James M., of Bow- doinham, is the onlv child now living, 85 years old. Mr. Wm. Kendall ran a saw mill in Waterville, on Ticonic dam, near where the factories now are, six or eight hundred feet HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 523 south of the bridge. He invented and built the first circular saw. The saw was six feet in diameter, built of boiler plates riveted together ; and the steel teeth, about three by four inches, were fastened in proportion by fifteen or twenty rivets for each tooth. The saw would do the work of four saws, and once there was made from a single pine log 3310 feet of clear boards. A cara- van came to the town, charging twenty-five cents admission, and on the next day they came to the mill and each man put twenty- five cents into the hat held by one of their number, saying that it was more of a show to see the saw walk through a log than it was to see their own exhibition. "Jan. i, 1827, the titizens of Water- ville presented to Capt. William Kendall, then townsman, a gold medal in approbation of the improvement he has made in the circular saw. The money to purchase the medal was given by subscribers, at one dollar each, no one being permitted to give more. The medal in form resembled the circular saw, and was made by ^layor Bolcom of this town. At three o'clock a large number of people had assembled at Dow's Hall, which was neatly prepared for the occasion. The medal was presented by Prof. Avery Briggs of Waterville College. After the presentation the company partook of refreshments, prepared by the committee, consisting of Jediah Merrill, Daniel Cook and Lticius Allen." — Waterville Intelligencer, Jan. 4, 1827. ^ Mr. Kendall was also at work upon revolvers, and had one all completed as far as setting the barrels, and others under way, when one night the greater part of the work was stolen. He also made an invention pertaining to the casing of water wheels, which he patented and which he used in Waterville and in Fair- field. His residence here was near the west end of Ticonic bridge, between Moses Dalton's and John R. Philbrick's. He died in Fairfield, Nov. 27, 1872. Christian Knauff was born in Hersfeld, Germany, May i, 1841, the son of Heinrich Knauff ; was educated in public and com- mercial schools ; married Mathilde Susskraut in Portland, Jan. 16, 1868, and Ida Grimm in New York, Oct. 5, 1876. He came to Waterville in 1863, and was engaged in the dry goods business until 1895; was a member of the common council in 1891 and 1892, and of the board of aldermen in 1893; was mayor of the 524 HISTORY OF WATERXILI-E. city in 1894 and 1895, and is now acting as overseer of the poor ; is a director of the People's National Bank of Waterville, and president of Waterville Savings Bank ; is a member of Samari- tan Lodge, No. 39, I. O. O. F., of Ahiram Encampment, No. 22, and Canton Halifax, No. 24. His children are Mrs. Lizzie M. Parsons, Minneapolis, Minn., Emma A. Knauff, Waterville, Henry W. Knauff, Minneapolis, Minn., Frederick E. KnauflF, Minneapolis, Minn. His residence is at No. 29 Pleasant street, Waterville. ^ Isaac C. Libby was born at Exeter, Maine. June 2, 1837. He was the son of James and Mary Ann (Boston) Libby. He was educated in the common schools of Exeter and Troy, Me., and fitted for college at Hampden (Me.) Academy. He married Helen M. Green of Troy, Me., in 1859. He began teaching school at the age of sixteen ; in 1858 engaged in farming in Troy ; in i860 started in the cattle business, shipping live stock to the Brighton market, and his extensive business gave him the title of "Cattle King of Maine." In 1892 he moved to Water- ville ; became a director of the People's National Bank, and pres- ident of Waterville Trust and Safe Deposit Company. In 1893, purchased Waterville and Fairfield Railway and Light Company, and became president of same ; first president of the Maine Con- densed Milk Co. ; in connection with A. F. Gerald, constructed the Calais and St. Stephen, the Skowhegan and Norridgewock, the Bangor, Orono and C)ld Town, and the Portsmouth, Kitterj' and York Street Railways, and was treasurer of all of these companies. In company with Messrs. Merrill, Milliken and C. E. Libby, he owned and operated two large sheep and cattle ranches in Montana. In 1893 he purchased the large landed estate known as the "Waterville Annex." He was Republican representative to the Maine Legislature in 1885- 1889, member of the National Convention of 1888 that nominated Benjamin Har- rison. He was a Free Mason and an Odd Fellow, and an hon- orary member of several temperance societies. His children are Arthur Preston, Charles Everett, Howard Isaac, Ernest L., Frank Leroy, Pearl Ashton, Mrs. Wm. M. Pulsifer, and Herbert Carlyle. He contributed more than a thousand articles to New England papers. His place of residence was on Highwocd street, Waterville. He died Oct. 12, 1899. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 525 Wiliiain M. Lincoln, a life-long resident and busniess man of this city, was born in Waterville July 26, 1830, the son of George W. Lincoln. He received his education in the public schools and the Institute, and he entered business as a grocer in 1854. This he continued with marked success for forty years, retiring in 1894 and disposing of his business to his son-in-law, Mr. Geo. A. Kennison, and his son, Frank A. Lincoln. Mr. Lincoln was married in 1856 to Miss Delia H. Ireland. Their children are Cora B., Florence M. (Kennison), Frank A. and Ralph E. Mr. Lincoln was member of the city council for two years, and since 1854 has been a member of the Masonic Order. Since his retirement from business ^Ir. Lincoln has given his attention to his large holdings of real estate. His resi- dence since 1854 has been at 22 School street. »- Charles Edzvard Alatthezvs is not an old man, although his bus- iness trade mark is "Old Reliable." He was bom in Boston, Dec. 2, 1846, the son of George F. and Louisa Field Matthews. He was married Dec. 24, 1876, to Miss Clara Snell, daughter of Mr. Ebenezer Snel! of St. Albans. Two children were born to them, Louisa Bates and Gertrude Isabel. Mr. ]\Iatthews has had two partners in business, Mr. Geo. H. Matthews and ]Mr. D. H. Swan. He has served the city as councilman, alderman and chairman of the board of registration. He is a member of the Masonic Order, and of the Independent Order of Foresters. He has been engaged in the grocery business since 1881. / Charles Kimball Mathavs was born in Waterville, Nov. 19, 1823. He was the son of John and Pamelia Mathews. He attendecj the town schools, Waterville Liberal Institute and Hal- lowell Academy. He married Mary Elizabeth Marston. He taught a winter term of school in Sidney, taught in Waterville Grammar school, and one term in Hallowell. In April, 1846, he entered the book business in Waterville, in which he con- tinued twenty-eight years. For five years he was engaged in introducing school books, and for twenty-three he conducted an insurance agency, a total of fifty-six years of active business life. He was a director in the old Ticonic Bank and in the Ticonic National Bank for thirty-six years, and president of the latter for eight and a half vears. He was a trustee of Waterville v^ 526 HISTORY OF WATKRNILLE. Savings Bank for about twelve years. He served as chair- man of the board of selectmen ; was a Freemason, in reUgious preferences a Unitarian. His children are Florence, George, Charles VV. and Lizzie C. Of these, all are deceased except the son, Charles W., who for several years has been associated with his father in the insurance business. Mr. Mathews was one of the committee of one hundred and took deep interest in the Cen- tennial. He died, August 4, IQ02. P.phraim Ma.vham was born in Middleboro, !\Iass., in 1809. and was the son of Joseph Maxham. He married, in 1838, Eliza Anna Naylor, who died April 13, 1900. He came to Water- ville from Boston in 1847, s"*^' started "The Eastern Mail," send- ing copies of this new paper to subscribers of "The Waterville Union," a paper which had been published for a short time, by Charles F. Hathaway, but which was then discontinued. In July, 1849 Daniel R. Wing, was admitted to partnership in the "Mail," and the paper was published by Maxham and Wing until the death of Mr. Wing in 1885, December 2nd. Mr. Max- ham was a charter member of Samaritan Lodge, L O. O. F., and was also a member of the W^aterville Lodge of Freemasons. He had one son, George Naylor, who served his country honorably in the Civil War. Mr. Maxham built the house on Temple street next west of the Congregational church, and occupied this house at the time of his death. He died, December 27, 1886. Charles R. McFadden was born in Vassalboro, November 20, 1820, and was the son of Charles and Temperance (Blackwell) McFadden. He was educated in the common schools, and mar- ried Emma H. Butterfield, February 11, 1849. He was in the dry goods business in Waterville for nine years, was collector and treasurer of the town, was postmaster from 1861 to 1879, sheriff of Kennebec county from 1884 to 1888. He belonged to Waterville Lodge. No. 33, F. and A. Masons and to Teconnet Chapter, R. A. M. He was a member of the Universalist church. His children are Andrew L., sheriff of Kennebec county, Alice, antl Zaidee, who died November 4. 1880. Mr. McFadden died August 7, 1897. Edivard G. Mcader, long connected with the business interests of Waterville, was born in Farmington, N. H., in 1825, the son HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 527 of Nathaniel Header. He was educated in the Friends School of Providence, R. I. He came to Waterville in 1848 and engaged in the dry goods business with Geo. A. Phillips under the firm name of Header and Phillips, continuing the business until 1869. November 14, 1854 he was united in marriage to Hiss Helen A. Smith, daughter of Gen. Franklin Smith. Their children are Edward L- Emily P., who was graduated at Colby in the class of 1878 : Helen S. and Arthur R. In 1869 Hr. Header entered into partnership with Gen. Franklin Smith and F. A. Smith and engaged extensively in the lumber and milling business until 1880. Hr. Header retired from active business several years ago. ^"^ Nathaniel Mcader was born at Rochester, Strafford Co., N. H., November 24, 1836; the son of Hanson and Susan (Lewis Shaw) Header. He is a graduate of Waterville College of the class of 1863, and is a member of the $ B K fraternity. From 1864 to 1875 h^ was in the hardware business of Arnold and Header ; 1876-1888, Hubbard and Blake Hanufacturing Company; 1888-1892, Waterville Electric Light and Power Company; 1898-190T, Union Gas and Electric Company. Hember Haine House of Representatives, i876-'77, and 1884; selectman 1884; mayor 1889 and 1890. Past master Waterville Lodge Free and Accepted Hasons ; member Teconnet Chapter, Royal Arch Hasons ; past commander St. Omer Com- mandery, Knights Templar. His residence is at No. 16, Horrill avenue. Hr. Header has always been deeply interested in the welfare of the town. It was by his efforts that the town was led to provide free text-books for the public schools. v'' James L. Merrick was born in Troy, He., March 24, 1845, ''^^ son of Hall C. and Hannah Work Herrick. He was educated in the common and high schools but at the age of seventeen he left home for the sterner discipline of the camp and battlefield. He enlisted in Company C, 19th Haine Regiment Volunteer Infantry, July 22, 1862. Totally disabled, he was discharged in April, 1863. In December, 1863 he re-enlisted and served to the close of 1864. Mr. Merrick has held many offices in the G. A. R., has been commander of W. S. Heath Post, department inspector, assistant inspector-general, assistant adjutant-general, 528 HISTORY OF WATERVII.I.IC. 1894, '98 and 1900. With remarkable unanimity he was chosen commander Department of Maine G. A. R for 1902-3. He was made a Master Mason in 1866, joined the Odd Fellows in 1877 and has held offices in all three branches of the order. At present he is colonel of the 2nd Rcg^iment, Patriarchs Militant, I. O. O. F. For twenty-four years he has been engaged in the nursery stock business, employing a large number of agents. He was married March 16, 1869, to Susan Helen, daughter of Nathan and Betsy \\'ebb Ward of Thorndike, Me. Their children are Maude M., Nella M., Herbert James, Franklin L., Bessie A. Mr. Merrick served as superintendent of schools in Troy, Me., for three years and for two years in the city council of Watervillc. George Alfhcus Lyon Merrifield, born in Waterville, March i, 1839, in the little cottage long occupied by the late Rufus Nason, (a relative) now standing on upper Main street, named for Hon. George Evans, a noted politician of his day, and for Hon. Alpheus Lyon, an early resident of the town. Mr. Merrifield was educated at the Waterville Liberal Institute, and in the pub- lic schools of the village ; was engaged in the boot and shoe trade in 1865, when appointed to a government position in Wash- ington, entering the pension bureau of the interior department, on June fifth of that year, where he has served continuously since, a period of thirty-seven years. It is rare that a man fills a government position in the same bureau for so long a period, and Mr. Merrifield is one of the few enjdying that distinction, being promoted in class and salary from time to time until 1882, when appointed a ''principal examiner" under an act of Congress in that year creating the position. Though a resident of Vir- ginia for the last twenty-eight years ]\Ir. Merrifield has a warm love for his native village and the old neighbors and friends and visits the old home at frequent intervals. \/ Dennis I.ibby Milliken was bom at Scarboro, Maine, February 1st, 1804, and was the son of Allison and Jane Libby Alilliken. He was educated in the public schools and Gorham (Me.) Academy. In May, 1829, he was married to Miss Jane Larra- bee. In 1830 he engaged in the lumber business with Jacob Southwick of Vassalboro, which he carried on successfully for many years. He was largely engaged in the banking business HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 529 after 1853. Mr. Milliken was a member of the Maine House of Representatives, of the Maine Senate, member of the Council under Governors Fairfield, Kavanagh and Lot M. Morrill; trustee of Waterville College (now Colby College), from 1859 during life. He was a member of the board of commissioners to equalize town bounties paid during the Civil War ; was presi- dent of the Androscoggin and Kennebec Railroad ; president of the Waterville Bank and of the Waterville National Bank from 1855 until his death. As a man of business Mr. Milliken oc- cupied a prominent place in his town, county and state. He brought to the various business enterprises in which he was en- gaged, the soundest and most penetrating judgment; and this, joined with the high reputation for integrity which he uniformly maintained is doubtless very largely the explanation of the pros- perity and success which are understood to have rewarded his business career. He was a member and one of the founders of the Unitarian Society in Waterville. His children are George, Edward, Hadassah J. (Mrs. Isaac S. Bangs) and Mary E. Mr. Milliken died in Waterville, October 28th, 1879. Hon. Joshua Nye was born at Bucksport, Me., December 25, 1819. He worked on a farm until he was sixteen years old, studied in the common schools and in academies at Waterville and Kent's Hill. In 1846 he engaged in trade at Fairfield and Waterville and on June twenty-third of that year was married to Elizabeth Wood of Groton, Mass. He represented Waterville in the Legislature of Maine. He became treasurer of the Androscoggin and Kennebec Railroad in 1855 and for seventeen years held the position and also was financial agent of the Maine Central Railroad. During his life in Waterville, Mr. Nye was especially active in temperance work, gathering about him every week the young people for instruction in temperance. They were called the Cadets of Temperance and included many who are now the foremost citizens. He was also a faithful mem- ber and liberal supporter of the Congregational church. In 1868 he was appointed State constable for enforcing the prohibi- tory law and refusing the salary of $2,000 per year which ac- companied the office, so zealously did he fulfill its duties that his life was threatened many times. His life work has been in the 3-1 530 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. line of temperance. He was president of the Maine State Tem- perance society for twelve years, has been a member of the Sons of Temperance for fifty-eight years; twice has been grand chief Templar of Maine in the I. O. G. T. For six years Mr. Nye was insurance commissioner of Maine, and afterward was con- nected with the Equitable Life Insurance Company. From 1871 to 1876 he represented Maine as Centennial Commissioner at Philadelphia. Tn 1885 he removed to Boston, and for many years has been connected with the Boston Custom House. His son Frank E. Nye, was graduated at ^Vest Point in 1869, and is now (1902) colonel in the Commissary Department, stationed at Vancouver Barracks, Washington. The Nye residence in Waterville is now the home of Mr. J. Frank Elden on Main street. Augustus Often was born in Erkelenz, Prussia, December 18, 1853, the son of H. A. Otten. He received his education in the public schools of his native land and came when a boy of fifteen to New York. There he learned the business of baker. Coming to Waterville he established a bakery December 19, 1883, which with frequent enlargement and increasing success he has con- tinued to the present time (1902). Ocober 7, 1885, he was united in marriage to Miss Delia Richardson, daughter of Mr. Silas Richardson of Skowhegan, Me. Mr. Otten is a member of Havelock Lodge, Knights of Pythias. The family attend the Baptist church. Jacob Pcavy was born in the village of Krotoshine, Province of Posen. He came to America in 1848, but was shipwrecked and landed after much hardship possessed only of his life, his deter- mined purpose and his signal business ability. He came to Waterville in 1852 and with his brothers L. H. and Isaac, es- tablished the house of J. Peavy and Brothers. Their business was the cutting, making and retailing of men's clothing. Steadily the business advanced until it became the foundation of the great houses m Boston and New York now known as Peavy Brothers. Mr. Peavy removed to Boston in 1890, where he died in 1894. He had accumulated a large fortune and had firmly established the great business which has since been carried on by his sons. His children are Rebecca P., now Mrs. Mark Gallert, Gustavus I„ HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 531 who graduated from Colby in the class of 1875, Silas, Henry, Esther, now Mrs. M. H. Goldschmidt of Boston, and Leo. All the sons are connected with the business which they inherited and have extended. ^ Homer Pcrcival was the son of William Percival, who came to Winslow in 1804, and moved to Cross Hill, Vassalboro, in 1807. Here Homer was bom, March 27th, 1816. He was educated in the common schools. He married Mary Crocker Percival, November 15, 1840. He came to Waterville when a young man and was a clerk in Mr. Sanger's store, and after- wards was in partnership with his broher, Joseph. After twenty-five years in business he became cashier of the Peoples' Bank and of the Peoples' National Bank, being succeeded after thirty-six years by his son, J. Foster Percival. He was a mem- ber of the Congregational church and of the I. O. O. F. His children were J. Foster, Marshall C, Charles H., Ellen M., Susan J., Clara E. His residence in Waterville was on Pleasant street, where he died April 6, 1898. ^ Joseph Pcrniva/ wa.s born in Vassalboro, January 31, 1813. He was the son of William Percival and was one of a family of eight children. About 1833 he came to Waterville and taught several terms in the school building on Front street. In 1835 he married Emeline, daughter of James Gray and sister of Jonas and C. E. Gray. He was for a short time clerk for William Dow in a store near where Peavy block now stands, then in business for himself with his brother Homer. He held almost every position of honor the town could give him, having been a teacher, superintendent of schools, town clerk, treasurer, col- lector, first selectman, representative to the Legislature. He was identified with the Universalist church. His children were Annie E., Henry H., Frank )., Albert W., Willie C, and Mor- rell. His wife died in 1895. His own death occurred February 7, 1898. '•^ John White Philbrick was born in Waterville, March 8, 1821, the son of John Robinson Philbrick. He was educated in the public schools and in Waterville Academy, showing even then so strong a bent for mathematical and mechanical studies that Prof. Keely coveted him for his department. Thoroughly to learn the 532 HISTORY OF WATERVIIXE. trade of a mechanic was to him no unpleasant task. Having married I\Iiss Julia Shepherd Moore he went to Wisconsin, in 1843, where he remained about four years. He held office in the territorial government of Taychudah, Wis. Returning to Waterville he served as engineer on some of the river steam- boats, but came to the great work of his life when the Andro- scoggin and Kennebec Railroad entered Waterville. He rode in on the first locomotive which reached this place in 1849. Soon after he became master mechanic of the A. and K. Rail- road retaining his position in the Maine Central for thirty-three years. Of great ability in mechanical constructions and of absolute integrity his administration of the railroad shops was eminently sucessful and profitable to the corporation. En- gines made from his designs and many appliances were copied and used in other shops. Mr. Philbrick was for several years a trustee of the Merchants Bank. After the death of his first wife in 1859, he was married to Mrs. Mary Shaw Dauble in 1863. She died in 1888. Mr. Philbrick was a member of Waterville Lodge F. & A. M., and was for nearly sixty years a member of the Baptist church. For forty years he served as deacon, to the profit and satisfaction of the church. His children are Mrs. Elizabeth B., wife of Prof. John B. Foster, LL. D. ; Samuel M., of Portland, Oregon ; Frank B., of the firm of Webber & Phil- brick of the Waterville Iron Works, Mrs. Frances P., wife of Charles F. Meserve, LL. D., president of Shaw University, and the late Lieutenant J. Herbert Philbrick, U. S. A., who died twelve years ago. As one of the old and honored citizens of Waterville, Mr. Philbrick greatly enjoyed the centennial exer- cises. He died at his summer home at Squirrel Island, July 17, 1902. V Frank B. Philbrick, son of John W. Philbrick, was born in Waterville, November 9, 1848. He was educated in the Water- ville schools, Kent's Hill Seminary and the Mt. Kisco Military Academy. Mr. Philbrick early showed a talent for mechanics and mechanical engineering. July i, 1873, he entered the firm of Webber, Haviland & Philbrick, founders and manufacturers of machinery. November i, 1882, Mr, Webber and Mr. Philbrick bought out the interest of Mr. Haviland. After the burning of GEOROE AI.FIUCn PHII.I.IPS. HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 533 their shops and foundry they built a new. larger and greatly im- proved plant at the head of the falls, known as the Waterville Iron Works, (vid. Manufacturing Industries Chapter XV). Mr. Philbrick has served on the board of education, is a deacon of the Baptist church, as was his father before him, is the treasurer of the Good Will Home Association which conducts the great work for boys and girls at East Fairfield, founded and man- aged by Rev. G. W. Hinckley, is the president of the Waterville Y. M. C. A. to which he has given not only money but time and attention in conducting classes in mechanical draughting ; he is also a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Mr. Philbrick was married, June 17, 1873, to Addie Frances Shaw, daughter hi Rev. B. F. Shaw, D. D. After her death he was married, January 26, 1898. to Mary L., daughter of Prof. S. K. Smith. He had two sons, Herbert Shaw, who after graduation at Colby has been principal of the Calais High school, and Benjamin Elden, who was graduated at Colby, in 1900, and after long illness borne with splendid courage, died in Raleigh, North Carolina, 1902. 1^ George Alfred Phillips was born in Waterville, April. 1826, and was the son of William and Caroline (Crommett) Phillips. He married Marcia Tucker of Fairfield. He commenced busi- ness with his father in a general store. In December, 1848, the firm of Meader & Phillips, dry goods dealers, was formed and continued eighteen years, in 1830 building the block now oc- cupied by Wardwell Brothers. In April, 1866, he sold out to C. R. McFadden & Son, and he was then in the "Ticonic Water- power Construction Company, and later purchasing agent of the Maine Central Railroad until 1876. He bought out the hard- ware business of Arnold & Meader, which in company with his oldest son, C. M. Phillips, he continued until he sold out to W. B. Arnold and Company, in 1881. He then bought one-half in- terest in Lawrence Brothers lumber business at Shawmut, which he sold in 1891 and came to Fairfield and formed the lumber company of G. A. & C. M. Phillips. When the mills were burned in 1895, he went to Farmingdale, and built the- large sawmill now run by the Burleigh Mills Company. He was largely instrumental in starting the Ticonic Water-power Com- pany and inducing ]\Ir. Lockwood to take interest in the enter- 534 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. prise. He belonged to the Free Masons, and at his death was next to the oldest member of the Waterville Lodge, only J. H. Drummond having joined before him. He was identified with the Unitarian church and was for years the leader of its choir. His children were Anna Cora, Charles M., John H., Edward H. His residence was on Silver street. Aaron Appleton Plaisfed was born in Waterville, at the Asa Faunce house, foot of Main street, March 25, 1831. He is the son of Dr. Samuel and Mary (Appleton) Plaisted, his mother being a daughter of Dr. Moses Appleton. He was educated at Waterville Academy and Waterville College and was graduated with Phi Beta Kappa rank, in the class of 1851. He taught in Bloomfield Academy, 1851. At Shelburne Falls, (Mass.) Academy, 1852. After studying law at Harvard Law School, he became partner of Hon. Samuel Wells at Portland. From 1856 to 1858 he practiced law in Dubuque. Iowa. Returning to the East he became cashier of Ticonic Bank, continued in the same office with the Ticonic National Bank and gave to the in- stitution thirty-eight years of able and successful service. Dur- ing a part of the war period Mr. Plaisted was Assistant Collector of Internal Revenue ; he has been a member of the prudential and other important committees of the College. September 23, 1856, Mr. Plaisted was united in marriage with Aliss Emily Carleton Heath, daughter of Hon. Solyman Heath. Their children are, Appleton Heath, who succeeded his father as cashier of Ticonic Bank ; Philip H., who has kept up the honorable record of the Plaisted drug store until 1902, when he sold out the business; Helen Florence, a successful teacher in Coburn and Waterville High school ; Sheridan, who was graduated at Colby in 1886 and Emily Redington. Mr. Plaisted's long residence in Water- ville and his connection with many of the old families has enabled him to render very valuable aid to the editors of this volume. The chapter on "Early Settlers and Their Work" is from his pen. Frederick Pooler was born at St. George, Canada, November 26, 1842. In 1848 the family removed to Waterville and Fred- erick attended the schools here. Afterward he worked at car- penter work for a time, but in 1869 engaged in the grocery busi- ness which he has followed to the present time (1902). As HISTORY OF \VATER\ILI.h'. 535 prosperity came Mr. Pooler increased his lioldings of real estate until they have become large and valuable. He was married, December 9, i860, to Sarah, daughter of Gasper Pooler. Fif- teen children have been born to them, of whom six are now living. The only son, James E., is a graduate of the Waterville High school and is a member of the class of 1904 of the Bowdoin Medi- cal School. ]\Ir. Pooler was a selectman of. the town in 1883 and 1887; was one of the first board of aldermen of the city in 1888 and served as overseer of the poor from 1889 to 1892, and was a member of the board of education for 1899. He is a mem- ber of the society of St. Jean de Baptiste, and a communicant of the Catholic church. Mr. Pooler has accumulated a large fortune. He was elected Representative to the Maine Legisla- ture, September 8, 1902. Robert Lincoln Proctor was born in Waterville, October 28, 1848, and was the son of J. G. Proctor. He attended the town schools. He married Anna Wendum, November 20, 1870. For thirty years he has been a general contractor and manufacturer, and is the senior partner and treasurer of the Proctor and Bowie Company. He has been in the city government as alderman and member of the city council, and was captain of militia. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias. He has one daughter, Lotta. His residence is at 26 Pleasant street, corner of Dalton. Horace Purinton, senior member of the firm of Horace Purin- ton and Company, was born in Bowdoin, Me., November 17, 1850, son of Amos and Martha (Patterson) Purinton. He was educated in the common schools and at Litchfield Academy. After learning the trade of a brickmason he came to Waterville and, April i, 1877, with J. P. Norton, established the firm of Norton and Purinton, contractors and builders. The firm engaged in the manufacturing of brick and did a large business. In 1887 Mr. Norton retired and Mr. Amos E. Purinton entered the firm. The business has been greatly increased, brick yards liave been added at Augusta and Mechanic Falls, and many of the finest buildings in the State are the work of this firm, notable among which are the Alumni Chemical Hall at Colby and the new Waterville City Hall and the residence of Gov. John F. Hill of Augusta. Mr. Purinton married, January 14, 1874, Miss Clara M. Preble, daughter of Rev. Nehemiah Preble. Their 536 IirSTORY OF waterville. children are Alice M., who graduated at Colby in the class of 1899. and Martha B. Mr. Purinton has served two terms as member of the board of education, belongs to the I. O. O. F. and for many years has been prominent in the work of the First Baptist church, of which he is a deacon and superintendent of the Sunday-school. He is treasurer of the Christian Civic League of IMaine and has done much for the enforcement of the prohibitory law. He is vice-president of the Waterville Safe Deposit and Trust Company and is a trustee and the treasurer of Coburn Classical Institute. ^ Charles Harris Rediiigtou, born in Waterville, January 24, 1830, was the son of Samuel and Nancy Parker Redington, was educated in Waterville Academy and in Waterville Liberal Insti- tute; married Sophronia Day, December 14, 1854. In his earlier business career he was in the grocery business in Ticonic Row on lower Main street. In 1869 he bought out the William Caffrey furniture and undertaking business, which he continued under the name of C. H. Redington and Company, until 1872, when he associated with himself Martin Blaisdell, under the title, Redington and Blaisdell. After a year or two Mr. Blaisdell returned to his farm anil Mr. Redington continued the business in his own name. In 1880 the house furnishing business was sold to Frank Redington and T. W. Kimball, the firm name being Redington and Kimball ; but after one year C. H. Redington repurchased Mr. Kimball's share and the firm became Redington and Company, as now. From 1873 Mr. Redington served sev- eral years as collector and treasurer, and he was chairman of the board of selectmen the last year before Waterville became a city, his election to that position turning upon a single vote. He was afterwards a member of the board of aldermen, and in 1896 was mayor. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. : his children are Harry Day, Frank, Annie Myra, Helen. Charles A., Mary Emily. • Frank Redington, son of Charles H. and Sophronia (Day) Redington, was born in Waterville, December 19, 1858. He, was educated in the public schools of Waterville and at Waterville Academy, now Coburn Institute. He began his business career as a clerk in his father's furniture store in 1875. In 1880, in partnership witli Thomas \\'. Kimball, he bought out the busi- HISTORY OF WATERX'ILr.r:. 537 ness, but after one year Mr. Kimball, on account of failing health, sold his interest to Charles H. Redington, the firm becoming Redington and Company. The business has constantly increased until it has become one of the largest in its line in the State. In 1893 Mr. Redington built the fine block on Silver street, from which his business has overflowed into an adjoining block. Mr. Redington has been active in all general business interests of the City. From 1895 ^'^ i^joi he was president of the Waterville Board of Trade, and actively forwarded some of the important business matters which were before the public during those years, notably the securing of a new city hall and the building of the Wiscasset, Waterville and Farmington Railroad. He was presi- dent of that railroad for two years and has been president of the Whittemore Furniture Company since its organization. For two years he was a director of the Waterville Trust Company, and is a trustee of the Public Library. He was a charter member of Havelock Lodge, Knights of Pythias, of which he has served two terms as chancellor commander, is a member of Waterville Lodge, F. and A. M., of the L O. O. F., and of the A. O. U. W. For several years he served on the prudential committee of the Unitarian church, and since 1885 has been on the committee in charge of Pine Grove Cemetery. October 14, 1890, he was united in marriage to Miss Carrie M. Foster, daughter of Hon. M. C. Foster of this city. Their residence is at No. 8 Park Place. Nathaniel Russell a useful citizen, and for many years a prom- inent member and a deacon of the Baptist church, came from Skowhegan about 1817. His wife was Rebecca Sawyer. His first employment was the management of the grist mill at the Falls, living in a little house nearly opposite. In the early days of Waterville College the students were boarded in common by the college, the first dining room being in the basement of North College. Deacon Russell was appointed steward. In 1830 he built the house on the corner of College and Union streets, which in 1884 gave place to the residence of C. A. Hendrickson. The raising of the house was long remembered in the village, as by the falling of a timber three young men, William Moor, Samuel A))pleton and Otis Dunbar, were seriously injured. He owned a large tract of land west of the present Pleasant St. where he had an extensive hop field, a branch of farming which, like 5,iO HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. the raising of flax, has become obsolete in this vicinity. The building of the A. & K. R. R. was disastrous to him financially. He invested largely in proportion to his means, and did not live long enough to see it valuable. His children were two daugh- ters, Serena and Diantha. The former married Eliphalet Gow ; the latter, Rev. Mr. Merriam. Deacon Russell died 1850. George E. Shores. The honor of being at the time of the centennial the oldest citizen who was a native of Waterville, belongs unquestionably to Mr. Shores. He was born in this town, on the farm now occupied by his son, March 27, 1812. He studied in the public schools of the town, and from boyhood has been engaged in the occupation of farming. This he has car- ried on on a large scale, combining with it trading in cattle and the milk business. Twice he has served the town as selectman, and has been a member of the city government. He has been twice married and has had eight children, of whom only one, Amasa E. Shores, who also is engaged in the farm and milk busi- ness, is now living. The most of the land between College and Main streets, from the railroad station to the top of Main street hill, once belonged to Mr. Shores. \^ Franklin Smith, widely known as Gen. Franklin Smith, was bom March 4,1802, in ^^'inslow, Lincoln County, Massachu- setts, and the house in which he was born is still standing in this city, on Front street, near Common street. He was the son of Abijah Smith, who was the first town clerk of Waterville. He was educated in the common schools, and was married Dec. 18, 1828, to Emily Osmond Steward. He was in the lumber busi- ness for sixty years. He served as State senator and as a mem- ber of the governor's council. His children were Clymena S., Helen A., Charles E., George F., Emily S.,Jane M., Franklin A. He resided in North Anson and in Waterville. He died Sept. I, 1888. Luther H. Soper, son of Luther H. and Almira H. Soper, was born in Old Town, Me,, May 25, 1852. He was educated in the public schools and at a commercial college. In 1877 ^''^ engaged in the dry goods business in Waterville, which has steadily in- creased to its present large proportions. In 1890, he erected the fine block, known as the Soper Block, for his business. For ,.,- a ?. :5 X HISTORY OF WATERVILI.E. 539 several years Mr. Soper had as partner ]\Ir. Charles J. Clukey, who retired from the firm in 1901 to establish the Clukey-Libby Company. Mr. Soper has a large branch house at Madison, and has been extensively engaged in lumbering operations. He has been for several years a director and vice-president of the Mer- chants' Bank. He is a member of the Congregational church and of the I. O. O. F. September 26, 1887, Mr. Soper was mar- ried to Miss Carrie E. Wiggin. They have four daughters, Lucile, Helen, Alice and Jeanette. U^ George Fred Terry was born in Waterville May 14, 1862, the son of George W. and Bertha (Wentworth) Terry. He was educated in the Waterville public schools. He began his busi- ness life by working for the Maine Central Railroad Company, in which he continued for ten years. In January, 1892, he began a publishing business, which in November, 1892, became the Sawyer Publishing Co. Mr. Terry has been the treasurer and manager of this company up to the present time. The business has greatly increased, until it has a pay roll of $60,000 annually. In real estate Mr. Terry has had large interests. In 1901 he bought and opened for settlement a large tract of land in the north part of the city between College Ave. and the M. C. R. R. He is a member of the Masonic Order, the Lodge, Chapter and Commandery. November 30, 1892, Mr. Terry married Miss Clara F. Lane, daughter of Frank B. and Clara (Bacon) Lane. They have three children, Martha Best, Bertha Lane, and George Fred, Jr. u- Frank Lorenzo Thayer was born in Waterville Feb. 15, 1855, the son of Lorenzo Eugene and Sarah A. (Chase) Thayer. He was educated in Waterville Academy, and married Nora N. Pulsifer, Jan. i, 1878. He was in the clothing business with his father from 1874 to 1885 ! '" insurance and real estate from 1892 until his death. In 1890 he built the block which bears his name, at the corner of Main and Silver streets. He was city treasurer for several years from 1889, representative to the Leg- islature in 1890, post-master under President Cleveland, 1885- 1889 and 1893-1897. He was repeatedly the Democratic candi- date for mayor, failing of election by narrow margins. He was a member of the Unitarian church. His children are Nathan P., L. Eugene and Frank L. He died April 6, 1900. 540 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 1/ Hot. John Ware, long prominent in the business history of Central Maine, was born in Carmcl, Maine, in December, 1801, the son of Abel and Sybil Ware. He received his education in the common schools, and early in life engaged in business as a merchant and trader. The country store in those days was an important institution, and Mr. Ware made his place of business the largest and best equipped of any in the County. After accumulating a large property he removed to Waterville and gave his attention to railroads and finance. He was presi- dent of the Androscoggin and Kennebec R. R., and president of the Peoples Bank and the founder and president of the Jklerchants' Bank. Mr. Ware was united in marriage in January, 1841, to Miss Sarah M. Scott, daughter of Dr. Scott of Yarmouth. Their children are John, George H., Henry S., Frank, Sarah M., Ella M., and Edward. Mr. Ware was an attendant at the Unitarian church. He died in Waterville, Octo- ber 8, 1877. Madam Ware survived him for many years, respected and beloved for her kindly spirit and large generosity. The Ware Parlors are her monument, though she designed them not for a monument but for the good which they would do. Her activity in the Woman's Association and her constant charity were the expression of a beautiful character, v/ John Ware, eldest son of John Ware, Sr., was born in Athens, Me. He was educated in the public schools, at the Little Blue school in Farmington, Me., and at the Friends School at Provi- dence, R. I. In Novem.ber, 1875 he was married to Miss Sara E. Hall. After her death he married Miss Grace E. Emery of Waterville, April 20, 1895. Mr. Ware has been engaged for many years in the banking, investment and real estate business, as well as in the care of his own large estate. He is the president of the Merchants National Bank, a director of the Maine Central Railroad and of other corporations in which he has large interests. Mr. Ware is a member of Waterville Lodge, F. and A. \l., and is connected with the Unitarian church. He has two sons, John Jr., and Roland. Interpreters. Phill Onn.sakis, Squaw. J 35 546 history of waterville. Letter of William Lithgow to Governor Shirley. Richmond Fort, Jan. ye 9, 1755. May it pleas your Excellency : The souldery of Fort Hallifax is in a most deplorable condition for want of shoes, bedding, and bodyly cloathing, etc., as I have signyfyed in my letter ye 20th Deer and it is with ye greatest concerne that I am obliged further to acquainte your Excellency that we have scarce thirty men in this fort that are capabell of cutting or hailing wood for the suply of this fort, and it is with grate difficulty they can suply themselves with wood from day to day, the snow is so deep, it is three foot at this place, and haveing no snow-shoes, and our being in a manner naked, it is out of our power were we in healthe, to keep scoutes abroad, or even to sende a guarde with those men who halls wood, neither can they carry their armes with them, being harde put to it to wallow through the snow with their sled loades of wood, and it is harde service for those men to suply themselves and ye invallids with firring which takes up the intier barricks. We have now but four weeks' allowance of bread in this fort, one barrel of rum, and one do. of molasses, and God knows how or where we shall be able to gitt any suplyes from Fort Western, on account of ye snow is so deep. I left Fort Hallifax on ye 4th inst., to see if ye river was passable on ye ice, with one soldier for company, and also to try if I could collect some leather or shoes for a present relief till more shall be sent which I have got, and I have imployed two shoamakers to work it up. We came all the way on ye ice, which we found to be very weak- bet ween Fort Halifax and Fort Western, on account of as I sup- pose of ye grate body of snow which lyes on it, which hinders its freezing, ye ice there is sunk with snow and water, about two foot and a halfe deep. Ye under ice was so weake that we broke through sundrye times, and it was with great difficulty and hazard of our lives that we got to Fort Western, where we was detained by a storm two days. Ye 8th inst., we arrived at Rich- mond fort, where I thought it my duty to write yr Excellency this letter. I think it was a very bad affair that ye barricks had not been left in better order, and that there had not been more suplyes laid up in this fort, whilst the river was open. 1 f it was HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 547 bad carrying up ve stores there, I aver its ten times worse now, and I fear will continue so this winter, for I doubt ye river above Fort Western will be hard to freeze, on account of ye strong currents that runs there, and as to ye cut rodes being any service, it would take fifty men and ten yoke of oxen two days to brake, and after it was broaken, it would choake up with ye first wind that blew. Some of ye gullyes now are drifted ten or fifteen foot deep with snow, that I think it will never be of much ser- vice to us for transporting our provisions, till such times as ye country is settled, and more teems frequents that rode than what may be allowed for Fort Hallifax ; but these dull complaintes avail us but little, to extracate us out of our present difficulties, it remains now to think of the best way by which that garrison can be relieved and I would with submission ofifer your Excel- lency my humble oppinion upon the matter, which is, that your Excellency give the independent companies or other forces that may be raised as succers for the defence of the river, orders to provide or impress oxen or other cattel with provinder, and slades or carrs, and those cattel to be imployed in hailing stores and other suplyes that will soon be landed for this river (for the suplye of Fort Hallifax) up to Fort Western, for farther, I believe cattel will be of no service, on account of ye river being dangerous for cattel to travel on, as I have already observed, and that a proper number of good men with snowshoes may be imployed in carrying up provisions from Fort Western to Fort Hallifax, and after ye road is beten well and ye invallids that may be able to travel after being shod, for them to march down ye river and tarry with ye provisions which will save a grate deal of fatigue of carrying of ye provisions to them, and that there be good men placed at Fort Hallifax in their rooms. I should have now dismissed some worthless fellows, who dos littel other duty than eates their allowance, could they have travelled home, for they will never do any service here, or any where else. This garrison I think has its full share of such creatures, that resem- bels men in nothing but ye human shape, but such will do for forts where they have nothing to doe but eate and sleepe. We want very much a sortment of herbs for ye sicke, our doctor has left us, and we have no one here that knows ye use of our medisons. A great many of our men has been sick, and 548 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. continues so, but none of them have yet recovered to their former healthes, nor will do so, I believe, this winter. The men in gen- eral seems very low in spirits, which I impute to their wading so much in ye water in ye summer and fall, which I believe has very much hurt ye circulation of their blood and filled it full of gross humors and what has added to their misfortunes, is their being much straightened for want of room, and bad lodgings. In ye spring of ye year must be sent to Fort Western, ten lodes of English hay for the suplye for ye oxen that must hall ye timbers for ye building at Fort Hallifax, other- wise we cannot go on with ye buildings there. I have imployed three carpenters this winter to prepair timber for the above building. I have agreed with two of them at thirty pounds per month, old tenor, till ye last of March, and after that, thirty shillings per day till ye last of ]\lay. I would again recomend to your Excellency eight flat bottomed boates, carrying two tons each, which I mentioned in my last letter, and that they be sent to Fort Western as early as possible next spring, to carry us our suplyes to Fort Hallifax, which I am fully satisfied must be the way we must be suplyed at the fort. I add no farther than that we will doe the best we can to subsist till we have more help. With submission I beg leave to subscribe myself. Your Excellency's most Dutiful Obedient Serv't, WlLLI.\M LiTlIGOW. "The Record of the Notes and Transactions of the Proprietors of a Tract of Land round Fort Hallifax on Kennebeck River granted by the Plymouth Company to Gamaliel Bradford, Esq., and five others by Deed hearing Date March the J2th, ij66. The five others mentioned above are as follows : James Otis, Esq. John Winslow, Esq. William Taylor, Esq. Daniel Howard, Esq. James Warren, Esq." These proprietors, by petition dated at Plymouth the 4th day of July, 1766, to the Honorable Thomas Clapp, Esq., one of His Majesty's Justices of the peace through the Province of Massa- HISTORY OI' WATERVILLE. 549 chusetts Bay in New England, secured the issue of a warrant for a legal meeting of the owners of the tract of 18,600 acres. The meeting was held at the house of Mr. Thomas Southworth How- land in Plymouth, Octoher 7, 1766. Gamaliel Bradford was chosen moderator and James Warren clerk and treasurer. At that meeting it was voted, "that for the Encouragement of settlers, fifty acres be granted to each Home Lott on the Rivers Kennebcck or Sebasticook and one hundred acre Lotts to be laid out back of the Home Lotts to be drawn for equally by the set- tlers and the proprietors, making in the whole one hundred and fifty acres to each settler who shall take up a Lott and build a House of 20ft. square and 7ft. stud and clear, fit for mowing or tillage, five acres in one year from taking up the same." Next day they granted to Timothy Hale (Heald) of Ipswich in New Hampshire, four lots on the northwesterly side of the Sebas- ticook river, also two lots on the souh side of the river, reserving all mill privileges. This as under the conditions of settlement named above. April 16, 1767, the proprietors granted to "Eben- ezer Hale (Heald) of New Ipswich in the Province of New Hampshire," three hundred acres of land. To the usual condi- tions were added "and that he does erect and set up on the Brook that empties itself into the Sebasticook River within said bounds from a pond called Petises Pond a good and sufficient saw mill and have her ready to do duty on or before the 25th of Decem- ber next and also within the term of three years does build on' said Brook within the Bounds aforesaid a good Grist Mill and to have her ready by that time." The grantee was to make a fishway for each dam constructed, the fish "at all times to be equally Free to the Proprietors and the inhabitants of said tract the grant notwithstanding." Reserve was also made of the right to lay out roads "for the convenience of the Proprietors and the Inhabitants." June 11, 1767, Mr. Timothy Hale (Heald) was employed to lay out forty-four lots of fifty acres each, for which services he is to have one shilling for each mile he shall run in doing it and that he be desired to employ chain men as cheep as possible." At the same meeting it was voted that a road of four rods wide be reserved through the whole of the townships for the use of the proprietors of the Ply- 550 HISTORY OF WATERVILI-E. mouth Company and others to be laid out when it is most com- modious. GamaHel firadford was sent as the agent of the pro- prietors, Julv 7, 1768, it was voted that Ezekiel Paty have liberty to take up two Lotts of fifty acres each. On the same date it was voted "that Timothy Heald and Ezekiel Paty be and hereby are Impowerd in our behalf jointly and severally to transact any matters relative to the settlers taking up their Lotts and per- forming their Duty, and Likewise to prevent trespasses for the future." In 1772 Gamaliel Bradford, under direction of the pro- prietors, visited Winslow and laid out six lots of five hundred acres each. These were afterward assigned by lot to the several proprietors. As to trespasses he could get no definite informa- tion except that some persons pretended to authority to cut masts for the King. The proprietors did not take any very deep interest in the management of their property as is shown by the fact that at least three out of every four of the meetings called by the company simply met and adjourned without action. At a meeting held October 10, 1787, of which Col. Josiah Hay- den was moderator, it was voted "to proceed to the drawing of those of the ninety-six fifty-acre lots which are not taken by set- tlers." Fifty-four lots were thus drawn. In 1803 the majority of the proprietors being residents of Winslow, the meetings of the company were transferred to that place and Josiah Hayden was chosen clerk and treasurer. The business of the company was wellnigh complete. Winslow had been settled, the land divided and a new town, Waterville, had been incorporated on a part of its territory. The final entry in the old record book is August 2, 1806. The characteristic entry is "Voted to adjourn to Saturday the 20th day of September next. .Zopha Hayden, Clerk." The meeting has not yet assembled. The old record book is in pos- session of Mr. Joshua Cushman of Winslow. The first English child born in Winslow was Betsey, daughter of Thomas Parker, born March 16, 1759. An old diary, without name but probably written by a brother of Abijah Smith has several interesting items. "Oct. 2, 1795 worked for one Dimond setting up a brick-kiln to pay him for help setting up our brick-kiln." HISTORY OF WATEKVILLE. 551 The monotony of the winter of 1796 was relieved by an occas- sional ball at Fairfield and by the regular singing school which was "kept at Col. Hayden's."' The IMilitia Roll, elsewhere printed, shows that Capt. Stack- pole had resigned. The diary states that ]\ larch 30, 1796 the Light Infantry met at the home of Major Sherwin, chose Wil- liam Heywood, captain, Wm. Getchell, lieut., Edward Piper ensign. "Capt. H. ordered his men to be equipped and drapped in uniform by the 4th of July next." "Apr. 16, 1797, I was to meeting at the meeting house on the East side of the river. This is the first time that they have met in it."' Gr.\nt 390, To James Pitts, Xo. 104. To all to zi'Iiom these Presents shall come, Greeting. Whereas his late Majesty King James the First, for the Advancement of a -Colony and Plantation in New-England, in America, by his Highness's Letters Patents under the Great Seal of England, bearing date at \Vestminster, the Third Day of November, in the Eighteenth Year of his Highness's Reign of England, etc., did grant unto the Right Honorable Lodowick, late Lord Duke of Lenox, George late Lord Marquis of Buckingham, James IMarquis of Hamilton, Thomas Earl of Arundle, Robert Earl of Warwick, Sir Ferdinando Georges, Knt. and divers others whose Names are expressed in the said Letters Patents, and their Successors, that they should be one Body Politick and Corporate, perpetually consisting of forty Persons, that they should have perpetual Succession, and our Common Seal to serve for the Said Body, and that they and their Successors should be incorporated, called and known by the Name of the Council established at Plymouth, in the County of Devon, for the plant- ing, ruling, ordering and governing of New England, in America. And further also did grant unto the said President and Council, and their Successors forever, under the Reserva- tions in the said Letters Patents expressed ; All that part and Portion of the said country called New England, in America, situate, lying and being in Breadth from forty Degrees of Northerly Latitude from the Equinoctial Line, to forty-eight 552 HISTORY OK WATERNILLE. Degrees of the said Northerly Latitude inclusively and in Length of and in all the Breadth aforesaid, throughout the Main Lands from Sea to Sea, together also, with all the firm Lands, Soils, Grounds, Creeks, Inlets, Havens, Ports, Seas, Rivers, Islands, Waters, Fishings, Mines, Minerals, precious stones. Quarries, and all and singular the Commodities and Jurisdictions, both within the said Tract of Lands lying upon the Main, as also within the said Islands and Seas adjoining: To have, hold, possess and enjoy the same unto the said Council and their Successors and Assigns forever, to be holden of his Majesty, his Heirs and Suc- cessors, as of his Manor of East Greenwich, in the County of Kent, in free and common Succage, yielding and paying there- for to the said late King's Majesty, his Heirs and Successors, the fifth Part of the Ore of Gold and Silver, as in and by the said Letters Patents, amongst other Privileges and Matters therein contained, more fully and at large it doth and may appear. And whereas the said Coimcil established at Plymouth in the County of Devon, by their Charter and Deed of Affeofment bearing Date the Sixteenth Day of January, A. D. One Thousand Six Hundred and Twenty-nine, by Virtue and Authority of his said late Majesty's Letters Patents, and for and in Consideration, that William Bradford, and his Associates had for these Nine Years lived in New England aforesaid, and there inhabited and planted a Town called by the Name of New Plymouth, at their own proper Cost and Charges ; and feeling that by the Special Providence of God, and their extraordinary Care and Industry, they had increased their Plantation to near three Hundred Peo- ple, and were able to relieve any new Planters or other His Majesty's Subjects upon that Coast ; granted and assigned unto the Said William Bradford, his Heirs, Associates and Assigns, all that Part of New England in America aforesaid, and Tract and Tracts of Land that lie in within or between a certain Rivulet or Rundlet there, commonly called Coahasset, alias Conahassett, toward the North, and the River commonly called Narragansett River, toward the South, and the great Western Ocean toward the East and the Main Land toward the West, from the Mouth of the said River, called Narragansett River, to the utmost Limits and Bounds of a Country or Place in HISTORY OF WATERVILt.Ii. 553 New-England commonly called Pocanacutt, alias Savvamset, Westward, and another like strait Line extending itself directly from the Mouth of the said River called Coahasset alias Cona- hassett, to the West, so far up into the Main Land Westward, as the utmost Limits of the said Place or Country commonly called Pocanacutt alias Sawamset, do extend, together with one-half of the said River called Narragansett, and the said Rivulet or Rundlet called Coahasset, alias Conahassett, and all Lands, Rivers, Waters, Havens, Creeks, Ports, Fishings, Fowlings, whatsoever situate, lying and being, or arising within or between the said Limits and Bounds, or any of them. And For As Much as they had no convenient place either of Trading or Fishing within their own Precincts, whereby after so longTravel and great Pains so hopeful a Plantation might sub- sist, as also that they might be encouraged the better to proceed in so pious a Work, which might especially tend to the Propagation of Religion, and the great Increase of Trade to his Majesty's Realms, and Advancement of the public Plantation : The said Council further granted and assigned unto the said William Bradford, his Heirs, Associates and Assigns, all that Tract of Land, or Part of New-England in America aforesaid, which lieth within or between, and extendeth itself from the utmost Limit of Cobbiseconte, alias Comaseconte, which adjoin- eth to the River Kennebeck, alias Kenebekike, toward the Western Ocean, and a Place called the Falls, at Neguamkike, in America aforesaid, and the space of fifteen English miles on each side of the said River commonly called Kennebeck River, and all the said River called Kennebeck, that lies within said Limits and Bounds eastward, Westward, Northward or Southward last abovementioned, and all Lands, Grovmds, Soils, Rivers, Waters, Fishings, situate, lying and being, arising, happening or accru- ing in or within the said Limits and Bounds, or either of them, together with all Rights and Jurisdictions thereof, the admiralty Jurisdiction excepted, in as free, large, ample and beneficial Manner to all Interests, Constructions, and Purposes whatsoever, as the said Council by virtue of his Majesty's Letters Patents might or could grant. To Have and to Hold the said Tract and Tracts of Lands, and all and singular the Premises above-mentioned to be granted, 554 HISTORY OF WATEUVILLE. with their and even' of their Appurtenances to the said William Bradford, his Heirs, Associates and Assigns forever, yielding and paying unto our said Sovereign Lord the King, his Heirs and Successors forever, one fifth Part of the Ore of the Mines of Gold and Silver and one other fifth Part thereof to the President and Council which shall be had, proftered and obtained within the Precincts aforesaid, for all services whatsoever, as in said Charter may more fully appear. And whereas the said William Bradford and his Associates, afterward assigned over and surrendered up to the late Colony of New-Plymouth, rtie aforesaid Tract on Kennebeck River, together with other Lands, and the same Colony afterward, viz. on the Twenty-seventh Day of October, A. D., 1661, being seized of the whole Tract aforesaid on Kennebeck River, and also the Lands on both sides the said River, upwards to Wisserunsent, alias Wesserunskick, by their Deed of Bargain and Sale of that date, for and in Consideration of the Sum of Four Hundred Pounds sterling, sold all the said Lands on said River to Antipas Boyes, Edward Tyng, Thomas Brattle and John \\'inslow, their and every of their Heirs and Assigns forever, as by the said Deed registered in the Records of said Colony may more fully appear. And the Lands last mentioned in said Deed by a Releafe and Confirmation were afterward confirmed to the said John Winslow and his Partners aforesaid their Heirs and Assigns forever, on both Sides of said Kennebeck River as far up as the upper or most Northern Part of Wesserunskick aforesaid KNOW YE, That we, the Heirs and Assigns of the said Autipas Boyes, Edward Tyng, Thomas Brattle, and John Wins- low, of and in all said Lands on Kennebeck River aforesaid, and legal Proprietors thereof, at our Meeting held at Boston, this Twelfth Dav of December A. D. 1770 called and regulated according to Law, have voted, granted and assigned to (written) (to James Pitts of Boston in the county of Suffolk and province of Massachusetts Bay, Esqr., his heirs and assigns forever, four hundred acres of land, in two divisions, lying on the west side of Kennebeck River butted and bounded as follows viz : beginning on said Kennebeck River and at the easterly end of the northerly HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 555 side of a Road lying between lots number one hundred and three and one hundred and four : thence running on said north side of said Road, west north west three hundred and twenty poles to another road, thence running northerly on said road fifty poles, thence running east south east about three hundred and twenty poles to Kennebeck River ; thence Southerly down said river to the first mentioned bounds. And is a tract of land fifty poles wide, and about three hundred and twenty poles long and contains one hundred acres — Then to begin one mile and eight poles from sd Ken'k river on a road, and at the easterly end of the northerly line of the three hundred acre lot No. one hundred and one; thence to run west north west on sd northerly line about three hundred and twenty poles to another road ; thence northerly on sd last mentioned road one hundred and fifty poles ; thence east South east about three hundred and twenty poles to a road ; thence Southerly down said road to the first mentioned bounds. And is a tract of land one hundred and fifty poles wide, and about three hundred and twenty poles long, and contains about Three Hundred Acres — Each of said Divisions being numbered one hundred and four — on a plan made by John McKecknie surveyor dated October, 1770, as said Property appears. The foregoing from the words "voted, granted, and assigned to James Pitts fsd," is a true copy of the said Proprietors vote of the date afore- said. Examined by Henry Alline Jr., Propt. Clerk. And for the better perpetuating the aforesaid Vote and Grant of said Lands to (the said James Pitts his ) Heirs and Assigns forever, We the said Proprietors at our said Meeting have further Voted, that the Clerk of this Propriety for the time being be. and he hereby is directed and authorized, at the Request and Cost of the above-named Grantee, unto our said Vote and Grant of the Lands aforesaid, to affix the common Seal of said Propriety, and as Clerk of the aforesaid, to acknowledge before any of his Majesty's Justices in said Province the said Vote and Grant to be the Vote and Grant of said Proprietors for the Pur- pose above mentioned and the Seal hereto affixed, to be the com- mon seal of said Propriety. (Signed) Henry Alune, Junr. Clerk of Said Propriety. 556 history of watervii.r.k. [seal.] Suffolk ss. Boston the twenty-ninth Day of July — A. D. 1771. This Day personally appeared (signed) Henry Alline, Jr., Clerk of the Proprietors of the Kennebeck Purchase from the late Colony of New- Plymouth, and acknowledged the above- mentioned Vote and Grant to be the Vote and Grant of said Pro- prietors to the within named (signed) James Pitts. And the seal hereto by him affixed as Clerk as aforesaid, to be the Com- mon Seal of said Propriety. Before me, (Signed) John Hill, Justice of the Pcaee. (Written) (Henry Alline, Junr., Propr. Cler. A true copy as appears on Record. Attest: Arodi Thayer, P. M.)' The Settlement of Mr. Cushman as Town Minister. The Committee appointed by the Town of Winslow at their last meeting, held on the 5th day of September, 1794, to wait on Mr. Joshua Cushman with the votes of the town, relative to his settling in this town as their Religious instructor, and to receive his answer relative to an invitation given him by said town for that purpose, having performed that service, do herewith present to the town the following report, containing the conditions of a Church Covenant, etc., etc., also a civil contract to be entered into by Mr. Cushman and the said Town, with the conditions to be performed by each party, — together with such further measures as appear to the Committee necessary for carrying the resolutions of the Town into final effect, the whole of which are as follows to wit : — A Church Covenant, or an Association for the piirf'osc of pro- moting Christian Knozvledge, Piety and l-'irti'.c. 1. This deed Is given as an example of tlie old deeds wliich refer back to the King's grant. The property described is the first lot south of Temple St., extend- ing to the river an'pt and Syria 2 50 I Bruce's Trav. in Abyssynia i 121^ I Staunton's Embassy to China 3 00 I Robertson's America, additional volume 75 I Voyages of Pyrouse i 00 I Cooke's Voyages — 2 Vols 2 50 I Zimmerman on National Pride i 50 I Baron Trenck i 25 584 HISTORY OF WATERVILLE. 1 Lendrum's American Revolution (Rem'd out of print) 2 00 I Hon. Adams' Hist. N. England 2 25 I Beggar Girl — 3 Vols 3 00 1 Jefferson's Notes on Virginia 2 00 I Pelew Islands 75 I Can'cr's Travels i 00 I Goldsmith's Rom. Hist, abrid Syyi I Eves' Captivity 75 I Adam's Flowers of Mod. Travels — 2 Vols 2 00 I Coquette, or Hist. Eliza Wharton i 00 I Franklin's Works i 00 I Fool of Quality — 3 Vols 2 50 I Newton on Prophesies — 2 Vols 2 50 I Fordyce's Addresses i 00 I ijennet's Letters 75 I William's Hist. V'ermont 2 00 I Trumbull's do. Connecticut 2 27/^ I Pleasures of Hope 75 I Farmer's Boy 75 I Belknap's Biography — 2 Vols 3 50 I Eulogies and Orations on Washington i 75 I Alcntal Improvement 75 I IMillot's Ancient and Modern Hist. — 5 Vols 9 00 162 25 Deduct ID per cent 16 22 146 03 Rec'd in Cash 65 00 By note to balance 81 03 D 146 03 C.\LEn BlXGH.\M. N. B. — It devolved upon me to add a considerable number of volumes at my own discretion. I have done my best. If, how- ever, I have inserted any in the bill which shall not prove satis- factory, I hereby engage to exchange them for any others of equal value, provided they are returned in good order. C.M.KB BlXGH.\M. Rec'd Winslow, 28 Nov., 1801, of Abijah Smith, Elnathan Sherwin, William Phillips and James McKim their note of hand in behalf of the Proprietors of said Library (they being a Committee chosen for that purpose) for the sum of eighty-one dollars and three cents, wliich, together with sixty-five dollars already received, is in full for the books contained in this Bill. David Nouks. INDEX. Abbott, Dr. Carrol 1 W., blog. sketch, 474. Abbott, Stephen I., SO; biog. sketch, 508. Abbott, W. H. K., 80; biog. sketch, 508. Adams, Rev. Thomas, 243; biog. sketch, 441. Artventlsts, history of, 264. Advocate, Zion's, 62. Ahiram Encampment, 312. Alden, Charles H., biog. sketch, 609. Alden, .Julius, 156; biog. sketch, 508. Allen, Lorenzo B., 282. American Benefit Society, 314; Water- ville Lodge, 314; Richelieu Lodge, 314. American Express Co., 425. "American Nation, The," 402. Anderson, M. B., 96; biog. sketch, 494. A. & K. Railroad opened, 69. Anti-Slaverv Society formed, 65. Appleton, Moses, 65-89-97-321-363; biog. sketch, 125 and 462. Appleton, Samuel, 89-1.56-256; biog. sketch, 609. Arnold, expedition of, 47; 49. Araokl, Willard B., 90, 71; biog. sketch, 509. Arnold, Mrs. Willard B., 390. Arnold, William H., bequest tor cem- etery, 71; bequest for library, 387. Aroostook War, 215. Aroostook War Roster, 216. Austin, Dr. Lewis K., biog. sketch, 477. Ayer, William M., 345. B. Babh, Dr. L. P., 467. Babcock, Rev. Rulus, 300. Bacon, Kbenezor, 114. Bacon, Soldiers, 165. Bangs, Capt. Dean, 199. Bangs, Gen. Isaac S., 76-94-193-287-411 ; military chapter by, 153; biog. sketch, 223. Bangs, Dennis M., 411. Baptists, history of. 226. Baptist Church, organization of, 61; meeting-house of, 228; remodeled, 234. Barnes, Thomas, 235. Bates, David. 164. Bates, Mrs. Elizabeth D., .381. Bates, Horatio D., 85; chapter by, 357; biog. sketch, 373. Bates, Thomas, 199. Baylev, Dr. W. S., 303. Bav View Hotel, 428. Bee Culture, 424. Beef Company, 425. Benson, Dr. John, 467. Berry, Rev. Wilbur F., 259; biog. sketch, 442. Bessey, Dr. Alden E., biog. sketch, 472. Bessey, Mrs. Clara E., 384. Bessey, Dr. Merton W., biog. sketch, 475. Beta Phi, 316. Biard, Jesuit, 32. Bicycle Club, 32S-413. Bigelow, Dr., 462. Blaisdeil, Martin, 6-92-100; biog. sketch, 510; address, 17. Blaisdeil, Mrs. Elizabeth S., 382. Blanchard, B. F., 365. Black, Mrs. J. W., 384. Bliss Business College, 409. "Bloomer," 58. Board of Trade, 1-89-99; sketch of, 433; objects aided by, 434. Board man, George Dana, 299. Botnaseeu, 41; deatli of, 43. Bonney, Hon. Percival, 303. Boot Manufactorv, 366. Boothby, Frederic E., 75.78; biog. sketch, 511. Booth Dy, Mrs. Frederic E., 390. Boothby, Levi T., biog. sketch, 511. Boothby, L. T. & Sou, 433. Boothby, Mrs. L. T., SSL Boutelle, Geo. K., 90-136; biog. sketch, 479. Boutelle, Dr. Nathaniel R., 89; biog. sketch 464. Boutelle, Hon. Timothy, 56-61-69-73-89- 298-321-334 ; bioe. sketch, 134 and 478. Boutelle Library, 291. Bounties, 77-1.87. Boyer, Dr. Edward W., biog. sketch, 475. Bradford, Gamaliel, 550. Brick Making, 353. Brick-makers, 353. Bridge, Ticonic, 62. Briggs, kev. Avery, 299. Brown, Hon. Simon S., address, 16; chapter by, 478; biog. sketch, 479-1- 388. Brown, Frank E., biog. sketch, 480. Bunker, "Ben," 401. Bunker, Dr. Luther, biog. sketch, 474. Burleigh, John, 394-395. Burleigh, Samuel A., 400. Burns, Case, 72. Burr, Aaron, 320. Barrage, Henry S., 233; biog. sketch, 443. Business blocks, 428. Butler, Nathaniel, Sr., iSi. Butler, Nathaniel, 60-90-92-94-95-293-304- 306-434; biog. sketch, 495. By-laws of town, 86. C. Cabot, expedition, 30. Caffrey, William A., 192. Cain, Prof. Llewellyn B., 410. Cain, Mrs. E. E., 408. Campbell, Dr. Geo. R.,biog. sketch, 475. Campbell, Dr. Henry H., biog. sketch, 468. Campbell, Mrs. Lillian H., 388. Canibas Club, 317-328. Canibas Indians, 35-34. Canton, Halifax, 312. Car and Locomotive Shops, 87. Car Shops of Maine Central R. R., 351; men employed in, 421. Carnegie, Hon. Andrew, gift of, 91-96- 391. 586 Carpet Factory, S42. CaniHge ami Slelgli Manufactory, 355. Cartler, Jaqiies, 30. Carver, Leonard D., btOR. sketcb, 480. Cascade Woolen Mill, 345. Casco Treaty of Peace, 40. Catholics, history of, 247. Catholic church dedicated, 84. Caver, Kev. Paul S.. til-234. Cecilia Club, 410; officers, 410-411. Cemetery Coniniiltee, "1. CeuielerV, earliest, 71. Cemetery, Fort lllll. 49. Cemetery. Monument Park, 71. Centennial, literary exercises of, 18; parade, 22; sports of, 28; visitors, 28. Champlaln, .Samuel, 30. Champlin, Dr. James T., 74-Slt-96-156- 301-302. Champlin Hall, 300. Chaplin, Ur. .Jeremiah, 59-61-96-148-227- 298-299; biog. sketch, 495. Chaplin Hall. 2M. Charland, Rev. Father Narcisse, 81-95- 97-250; biog. sketch, 444. Chase, Frank, 90-424; blog. sketch, 512. Chase Manufacturing Co., 423. Chase, Dr. Hall, 138; biog. sketch, 463. Chemical Hall, 305 Choules, Kev. .John O., 300. Christian Civic League, 92. 'Christian Civic League Record, The," 404-442. Circulating Library, 63-147. City Hall. new,rd-95-432; building com- mittee, 91-92; dedication of, 13. Clair, Frederic W., 1; address of, 16: biog. ski-ti-b, 4,vl. Clarke, Capt. .lolm. biog. sketch, 129. "Clifton Monthly, The," 404. Cobb, Sylvanus, 152, 236; biog. sketch, 444. Coburn, Abncr, 74-82-84-66-2 86; gift of 287; bequest of, 803. Coburn Classical Institute, 100-2H8; his- toi-y of, 281-295; act to incorporate trustees, 292; students of, 293. "Coburn Clarion, The," 405. Coburn Hall, 302. Cod man. Bishop, invitation to, 6. Colby College, history of, 296-305-6-100- 2!i6-302; location of, 59-297; gymna- sium of, 303; library of, 302; com- mencement, first, 00; assists, 7; Greek Letter Fraternities, 316; opened to women, 83- Colbv Club, 328. "Colby Echo, The," 405. "Colby Oracle, The," 405. Colby, Gardner, 78-86-302; bequest of, 303. College Press, 300. Corntortb Mill, .341. Commissioned ofllcers, 162. Committees of Correspondence, 50; of Safety, 49. Committees for centenuial celebra- tion, 1. Committee of one hundred, appoint- ment and list, 1 ; meetings of, 2. Committee, invitation, 4. CoiiiHiitti-c, ctuircli, 4. ■1-, iiiliitininuont, 4. Cii iilte Committee, finance, 4. Committee, school, 4. Committee, transportation and mili- tary, 4. Committee, horses, carriages and equipment, 4. Committee, reception, 4. Committee, trades display, 4. Committee, parade, 4. Committee, fireworks and illumina- tion, 5. Committee, advertising and printing, 5 Committee, badges and emblems, 5. Committee, fire department, 5- Committee, music. Committee, sports and athletics, 5. Committee, executive, 5- Comniittee, ofHclal program, 6. Commons House, 300. Company A, 165. Company IJ, 157-1G5. Company H, National Guard, 412. Company H, 1.57-165; ofllcers of 1902, 413. Congregationalists, history of, 241. Congregational church dedicated, 66. Convent, 2.50. Cook, Dr. Daniel, 138-564; blog. sketch, 462. Cook, Harold K., biog. sketcb, 481- Coolidge, Dr- V. P., 68; blog. sketch,464. Coombs, .Jonathan, 340. Council Plymouth, .33. Crane, Rev. C. D., 244. Crane, Kev. A. R., 286. Crawford, William C., 279. Crommett saw mill, 341-416. Crosby, Dr. Atwood, biog. sketch. 468. Crosby, .Jonah, 51. Crosby, Mrs. Sarah Glrard, 408-382. Cushiiian, Rev. .Joshua. 52-226-2.51-320; settlement of. 556, engagement, 558; biog. sketcb, 441. D. Dalton, Asa, 394- Dalton, Moses, 136-346. Dam. first on Kennebec, .56. Dantorth, Thomas. 38. Daughters of ttevolution, .330; Silence Howard Hayden Chapter, 330. Davis. Cyrus W., 90-409; biog. sketch, 513. Davis, Charles B., 399. Davis, Dr. Robert T., biog. sketcb, 465. Davies, Geoi-ge F., 433. Davies, Mrs. George F., 410. Day, John R., 157. Dearborn Plantation, annexation of, 67. Deeds, secured by English, 36. Degree of Honor, 312. Delta Kappa Epsilon, 316. Delta Upsilon, 316. DeMont's expedition, 30. Dingley, Nelson, 287-293. Dodge, Rev. A. D., 266; biog. sketcb, 445. Dorcas Rebecca Lodge, 312. Dorr, George W.. biog. sketch, 514. Drill kin;,' liublt, 147. DriiikwutiM-, .Mrs. R. M.,281. DniilUttr, Father, 36. Oruniinoii.i. Kverett R., blog. sketch, 481. Drummond, John W., 287. Drummond, Hon.,Joslah H., 74-78-69-84- 98; biog. sketcb, 482. Dunbar. A. .M.. 4116. Dunbur, l.fiiiuel, biog. sketeh, 138. Duiibiir, Knuifcs F., 383-384. niunn, lipv. Albert T., biog. sketch, 445. Dunn Edge Tool Company. 345. Dunn. Martha Raker, chapter by, 318. Dunn. Keuben H.. 79-88-98-156-269-348; biog. sketcb. 514. Dunn, Mrs. K. B., 408. INDEX. 587 Dunn. Reuben W., 345; chapter by, 339; blog. sketch, 615. Dunn, Willaifl M., 345-34S-427; blog. sketch, 515. Button, Rev. N. T., 305. Dwinell, Dr. Maurice K., blog. sketch, 474. "Eastern Farmer, The." 40i. "Eastern Mail, The," first number, 67; name chang« w « Martha Washington Chapter, O. K. »•• Masonic Lodge, 97-164-307; Temple, SOS- Massachusetts, purchased rights, 38. Masse Jesuit, 32. Match Factory. 416. „...„„ .^etcb. Mathews, Chas. K., 131-387 , biog. SKetcu. 525. ^ifZZt: 8oL-rbc'?tiog. sketch 130 Slathewe, Edward. 387-396; murder of, Mathews Shailer, biog. sketch, 500. Mathews, Simeon, biog. sketch, 131-38. Mathews, John, 130. INDEX. 59^ state Constitution, formation of, 61. Steamboat, first, 64. Steamboats, owned at WaterviUe, 64. Stetson, Prof. Carlton B., 410. Stevens Hospital, 407. Stevens, Mrs. Anna W., 407. Stevens, Major Edwin L., 76-77. Stevens, Capt. Wm. A., 76. Stevens, Isaac, 13S. Stewart, Horace vv., biog. sketch, 491. Stilson, Samuel, 355. St. Onier Commandery of Knigbts Templar, 310. Stove Foundry, 423. Stowell, Dr. David P., biog. sketch, 470. Streets, 140; in 1802, 119. Street Lamps introduced, 85. Strout, Kev. W. M., 265. Sunday School, call tor, 1837, 565. Sunnyslde Farm, 338. T. Tannery, 354; Pearson's, 342; Kicker's, 342-416. Tappan, Henry L., 407. Tax list 1S09, 57. Taylor, Jefferson, 279. Taylor, Julian D., bio^. sketch, 505. Taylor, Mrs. Julian D., 111. Tea-parties, 321. Teconnet, 29; council at, 39; fort at, 44; name, 113; settlement burned, 41; station for captives, 41. Teconnet Chapter, Koyal Arch Masons, 310. Telegraphic communication estab- lished, 73. Telephone connection established, 65. Terry, Geo. F., 90-402; biog. sketch, 639. Thayer Block, 429. Thayer, Frank L., 427; biog. sketch, 539. Thayer, Dr. Frederic C, address, 19; elected marshal of parade, 684; chapter by, 459; biog. sketch, 469. Thayer, Dr. Stephen, biog. sketch, 463. Thomas, Dr. Austin, biog. sketch, 475. Ticonic Bank, 61-357-364; board, '365; location, 365; officers, 366. Ticonic bridge, 82— carried awaj'. Ticonic National Bank, 366. Ticonic, No. 1, purchased, 66. Ticonic Village Corporation, 66. Ticonic Water Power & Manufacturing Co., 79-347. Ticonick Debating Society, 62. Tozier, Dea. John, 136. Tozier, Heniy E., 76. Town, division of, 53. Towne, Dr. John G., biog. sketch, 476. Town Hall, enlargement of, 85. Town meeting, 49. Town, representatives from, 50. Trade in early days, 144. Trade leased, 37. Treaty of Peace, Pemaquid, 41. Tripp, Bartlett, 293. Tripp, Ephraim, 299. True, Dr. Latham, 410. "Turf, Farm and Home, The," 403. U. Union Gas & Electric Company, 90-344- 424. Union Lafayette, L', 313. Union, R. H., 338. Unitarian church dedicated, 78-256. Unitarians, history of, 251. United American Mechanics, 315. United Workmen, 312. Universallst church built, 65. Universalists, histoi^y of, 235. Village corporation, 64. Volunteer, first from WaterviUe, 156; trustee, 160. W. Waldron, Frederick A., 92; biog. sketch, 491. War, Eastern Indians, 43. Ware, Hon. John, 8.5-156; biog. sketch, 640. Ware, John, 86; biog. sketch, 540. Ware, George H., 373. Ware, Mrs. Sarah S., 256-381. W are Parlors, 266. War of Rebellion, 176. War of 1812, 211; rosters, 211. War with Spain, 217; list of soldiers in, 412-318. Warren, George. 51-564. Warren, Prof. Laban E., biog. sketch, 505. Washington, George, body guard of, 570. WaterviUe Academy, 64-281-288; act of incorporation, 2S3. WaterviUe as summer resort, 135. WaterviUe as a market, 436. WaterviUe Bank, 3.57-369; old, 360; di- rectors of, 360; capital, 368; state- ment of, 362; chartered, 61. WaterviUe became city, 88. WaterviUe Business College, 409. WaterviUe city charter, 18S8, 571. WaterviUe Classical Institute, 285; en- dowment of, 386; semi centennial celebration, 287; Ladies' Collegiate Department, 385. WaterviUe College, 299-323; commence- ment, 149; In the war, 168-164; man- ual labor department of, 300; name changed, 303; Theological Depart- ment, 299. WaterviUe, contributors for war, 169. WaterviUe, division of, 84. "WaterviUe Evening Mail," 403. W. & F. R. R. & L. Company, 89-424. W. & F. electric railway, 424-431. WaterviUe Free Library, 389; circula- tion, 390. Waterville's gift to Portland, 78. WaterviUe Horse Association, 333. WaterviUe, incorporated, 55. WaterviUe incorporation act, 666. WaterviUe Intelligencer, 393. "WaterviUe Journal, The," 395. WaterviUe Library Association, 73-387; organization of, 388; first contrib- utors, 388-389; officers, 389-390-391; purchasing committee, 389. WaterviUe Lyceum, 62. WaterviUe made railroad center, 69. "WaterviUe Mail, The," 67, 397. WaterviUe military band, 409; Incor- porators, 409. WatervUIe National Bank, 369-369; directors, 369. "WaterviUonlan." 66-396. WaterviUe, population of, 114. WaterviUe Printing Co., 338-399-436. WaterviUe soils, diversity of, 331. WaterviUe savings bank, 82-357-378; statement of, 380; trustees, 379. "WaterviUe Sentinel, The," 86-399. WaterviUe social library, 56-386. WaterviUe valuation, debt and tax Waterv'ille'tax rate 1902, 432. WaterviUe trust company, 357. "WaterviUe Union, The," 397. WaterviUe valuation in 1902, 338-432. 592 WatervlUe water company, 8S. '•Watchman, Tbe," 3W. Waymoutl), Cnpt. G., expedition of, 31. Webb, Hon. Edmund F., 84-93-373- blog. sketch. 491. ' Webber, Frank B., 343-422; biog. sketch. Ml. Webber, John, 156; blog. sketch. 540 Webber, John N., 541. Wells, Oaniel, 152-34U. Wells, F. B., 3'J5. Wells, Samuel, 150; biog. sketch, 492 West Waterville scytlie and axe fac- tories, 344. White, Charles L., 95-305; biog. sketch, Whilehouse. William P., 293. Wliitman, Rev. Benaiah L., 96-304- biog. sketch, 505. Whlttemore, Rev. Edwin C, 29-95-2.15^ 507; historical address by, '29; bioe sketch, 466. ® Whlttemore Furniture Comnanv. 90-94- 353-423; capital .-itock, 353. Whlttemore, W. E., 3.53. William and Mary, charter of, 38. Williams. Clifford, 1-24. Williams, .Johnson, 1-24. Williams, Ur. Obadiah. 53-8)5-97-113-210- 461; biog. sketch, l-'3. Wilson, Rev. Adam, 394. Wilson, Dr. Frederick M., biog. sketch. Wing, Charles G., 398. Wing, Daniel R., 19-2--281-395-396-398 ; biog. sketch, 541. Wlnelow, 101; first child born in, .550- incorporated, 113; Invitation given, Winslow library, 386; books of, .386. Winslow, "Mr.,".^; popnlatlon of. 114- proprietors, records of, 54S; separa- tion of, 61; seltlcment of, 48; town named, 48. Winslow and Waterville reprcsenta- tives to Mass., 664. Wl»ca.sset, Waterville & Farmington R. R., 99-421; officers of, 421. tVoman's Aid Association, 159. Woman's Association, 3-2S-.3S7; employ- iSo*^"',.!"""*""' ^^'- evening school, 383; library, 384; lunch room, 383- mothers' meetings, 384; sewinj school, 383; object, 381; Woman's Exchange, 383. Woman's Christian Temperance Union. 32i-40S; officers, 408. Woman's Literary Club, .3-28-384-391. Woman's Temperance League, 327. Woo;l_, Rev. S. M., -23-2-326; biog. sketch. Wright, Dr., 462. Wyinau.ElwoodT., 96-391-399; chapter by, 208. Wyman, William W., 86. Y. "Yankee Blade, The," 396. lates. Alexander F. H., biog. sketch, ^' iff- Va^'^'J-'-*""-*'*; organization of, 406; officers, 408: Ladles' Aux- iliary, 407. Y. W. C. A.. 3-27. Zeta Psi, 316. Zion's Advocate, 394-443. "Zuarrow," 337. JAN 5 1903 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 013 995 853 6