Class _. Book___ COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT K- "tSi w and PIANOS-BICYCLES. FOR BROOKLTN AND NEW YORK THE CELEBRATED SOHMER PIANOS Are For Sale Only at 149 to 155 East 14th St., New York. 14th St. & 3d Ave. Elevated Station. R ELIABLE R ICYCLES. Columbia, Hartford, Lo veil-Diamond, and others. BROOKLYN AGENCY -FOR- ^COLUMBIAS^ No, 555 FULTON STREET, {^^^^^i^) Branch, 1216 BEDFORD AV., (Hancock st.) Complete Line of Clothing and Sundries for Cyclists. BICYCLES SOLD ON EASY TERMS. SCHWALBACH CYCLE CO., (INCORPORATED.) Q- R -A. £C -A. I^ ' S PateiK Impel isfiable PoicelaJn Wasfi Tubs '^li'l KVJui s CLEAN. .... ntMHX I VIKLASTING. GrahaiD's Viinfied Brown Glazed EanDeoim Wisb m K^ '. T .. .■ .,, N«»n.AhHortxMt. 1 kMikfa^k ftftd ncxpmnivc. l>urnhlc .i. Ir.m. CHAS. GRAHAM CHEMICAL POTTERY WORKS no to J 20 Metropol.tan A,, , BROOKUM, \. f. INSURANCE. IT LEADS THEM ALL f he JVIutual Life Jpsufapce Goynpayiy of fJew Yofk, RICHARD A. McCURDY, President. -A.sse-bs O-v-ex* $175,000,000. The Consol Policy recently announced by The Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York combines more advantages with fewer restrictions than any Investment Insurance contract ever offered. It consolidates INSURANCE, INVESTMENT, ENDOWMENT, ANNUAL INCOME. No other Company offers this policy. Apply only to Company's nearest Agent for details. The Mutual Life paid to its Policyholders in 1892, over $1Q,000,000_ The Mutual has ever been in the minds of the discriminating public " THE GREATEST OF ALL THE COMPANIES." For full particulars of the above, or any other form of policy, address CHARLES H. RAYMOND, WARREN T. DIEFENDORF, Metropolitan General Agent^ OR District Agent for Lotig Island, No. 59 CEDAR STREET, 164 & 166 MANTAGUE ST., BROOKLYN. NEW YORK CITY. (Franklin Trust Company Building.) i J ii: (.:i'\\y.b:2< -glidl: — lu Brooklyn and Long Island. I he Kl.in«r>- U'clrciltn liml l^cfMirt»%. \ I \ e l: • I I »^ 1 I \ in .1 I »• i .. h e « . I m J t \ BROOKLYN. N. Y. / l^^>:i. /I// rt'x^Aft rfsrrvfd. Copyright, 1893, by R. WAYNE WILSON AND COMPANY. KLBCTROTyPED AND PRINTED BY THE JERSEY CITY PRINTING COMPANY, 37 MONTGOMKRY STREET, JERSEY CITY, -■-. J. I 3f>7 to J03 -HI Fiilttm Street. /\'A '' iasin, Brooklyn ^ Fulton Street from the Ferry to Henry Street 14 Fult(jn Street from the Bridge to Clarke Street 26 Fult(jn Street from Tillary Street to City Hall 38 Fulton Street from City Hall to Gallatin Place 48 Fulton Street from Lawrence to Gold Streets . 62 Fulton Street from Fleet Street to Flatbush Avenue 72 Flatbush Avenue from Fulton Street to Atlantic Avenue 84 Marcy Avenue from Adams to Bridge Streets . 100 Prospect Park 106 Broadway from the Ferries to Wythe Avenue 116 Broadway from Berry Street to Driggs Avenue 122 Broadway from Roebeling Street to Marcy Avenue 132 Broadway I'rom EUery Street to Myrtle Avenue 140 The United States Navy Yard 150 Grand Street from Bedford Avenue to Roebeling Street 158 Greenwood Cemeter}' i56 BETWEEN PAGES. P)ird's-Eye View of Long Island — Flatbush — Flatlands — New LTtrecht . . . 170 & 171 P)ird's-Eye View of Long Island from Brooklyn to Jamaica 182 & 1S3 Bird's-Eye View of Long Island from Jamaica to Garden City IQ4 & 195 Bird's-Eye View of Long Island from Westbury to Smith- town • 206 & 207 Bird's-Eye View of Long Island from Ronkonkoma to Speonk 218 & 219 Bird's-Eye View of Long Island from Westhampton to Sag Harbor, and from Easthampton to Montauk Point 230 & 231 Street Directory Map of l^rooklyn 250 & 251 Brooklyn Surface Railroad Map. ...,.,, 279 & 280 A display advertisement is like the heading of an article. A reading notice is the article itself. One may attract attention, the other holds it. A display advertisement says, " Come in and buy." A reading notice tells why a purchase should be made. The difference between the two forms of advertising is lilce that between a letter re. commenaiug goods and a traveller's interview with a customer. Witli a reading notice, the seller buttonholes the buyer. Always Provided The Reading Notice Is Properly Wr tten. The R. Wayne Wilson Company, 23 Park Row, New York City, know how to write reading notices properly. INTRODUeriON, Brooklyn has grown into greatness so unobtrusively that few even of its residents reahze the nature of the miracle that has been worked on their shore of the East River. To say that Brooklyn's population has passed the million mark, that it is the fourth city of the United States in population, wealth, manufactures and commerce, hardly conveys an idea of its im- portance and vastness. The multitudes still look upon Brooklyn as the home-half of New York. They ignore the fact that it has an independent life and would be a great city without the crowds who go to New York every business day and do their work on Manhattan Island. A very large proportion of the residents of Brooklyn have no more con- cern with New York than Philadelphians have. Their property, means of livelihood, homes and family and social ties are all on Long Island. In these citizens is Brooklyn's vitality, her strength and power. They attend strictly to their own affairs and care not if the outside world fails to observe the manifestations of their activity. Brooklyn in fact has distinct financial, commercial and manufacturing interests, and these are of vast extent. The real property of Brooklyn is assessed at $470,000,000, and is probably worth at current prices six hundred and fifty million dollars. In the ten years between iSSo and 1S90 the number of factories in Brooklyn increased from 5,201 to 10,561 and the capital employed from $61,646,749 to $125,849,053, the number of operatives from 47,587 to 103,683, and the value of the pro- ducts manufactured from $177,223,142 in 18S0, to$248,75o,i84in iSgo. A pro- portionate increase in the amount of banking capital was also made. The pop- ulation almost doubled in those ten years and this rate of progress is being maintained. The number of houses in Brooklyn is not definitely known. The area of the city is about 57 square miles. It is proposed to extend this by an- nexing the adjoining towns, and ultimately no doubt the city limits and those of Kings county will oe the same. With this object in view, all the streets and roads in the unannexed portions of the county have been laid out so that they will be continuations of Brooklyn's streets after which the new highways have been named. Thus annexation will bring little or no con- fusion, and as it has been discounted by all the real estate owners and busi- ness men whom it will affect, it will cause no economic derangements. Meantime, the vast and unexampled development of Brooklyn has bur- dened its local government with tasks of improvement and construction such as have seldom fallen to the lot of civic officials. Impatient citizens sometimes grumble because all parts of the city machinery do not run smoothly or at greater speed. To bring Brooklyn in a few years to as good municipal con- dition as New York could not be done without a rate of expenditure which the taxpa\'ers would not tolerate. But marvels have been done and no city in the country has more to show for the money expended. It is un- fortunate perhaps that the improvements made have necessarily been scat- tered over a large area, btit the time is within sight when all will dovetail and Brooklyn will be a city second to none in the country. As it is to-day, 2 CITIZEN GUIDE. no citizen can feel ashamed. The municipal buildings are imposing, the roads good, the city properly dramed and lighted and well supplied with water. Order is maintained and the persons and property of the citizens thoroughly protected. For the future, Brooklyn's prospects are very bright. Along her shores must be the natural extension of the great port of New York. Her prop- erty is steadily enhancing in value, her industries multiplying, her residence sections becoming more sought after. The scattered portions of the city are being brought into closer communication with each other by elevated and surface roads, the latter operated by electricity in. several cases. Every indication of continued rapid growth is presented. Tunnels and bridges are projected and being built to overcome the salt water ban-ier which divides the city from the continent, and much of the travel from north to south and from Europe to America is destined to pass over the great rail- way system which now makes the whole of Long Island its tributary. As to the island itself, its development is along two distinct lines: in- dustrial on the north shore near Brooklyn and New Yf)rk, and residential throughout the rest of the island. All the shore remote from factory towns is already studded with summer hotels and the cottages of the rich. Many of the latter have built substantial homes wherein they dwell all the year round. There are many picturesque sites overlooking the ocean or inland still unoccupied, however, and these are fast being taken up. All sorts of neighborhoods are to be found in the village towns that abound in the island — exclusive, democratic, quiet and gay. Of scenery, too, there is much choice, and even of climate. Ocean, infinitely changeable, makes the coast attrac- tive. There are the Sound shore and the great bays of still water for those who dislike the roar of the surf; there are inland lakes, forests, stretches of naked sand, scrub and sparse grass and meadows and hills carpeted with verdure. Every variety of sailing, from canoeing to yachting in ocean ships; of fishing, from angling for brook trout to swordfish spearing, of bird shoot- ing, of riding and driving, can be had. The details follow in their appro- priate chapters. What impresses one as being odd about the island are the contrasts presented between manufacturing hives, gay excursion resorts, luxurious country seats, and modest hermitages all within very short dis- tance of each other. The island is only iif- miles long by 24 miles broad be- tween outside points. Its area is about i ,450 square miles. After Manhattan it is the most densely populated island in the world, having S28 residents to the square mile. The total population of the island is about i,2co,ooo, of whom over three-fourths reside in Brooklyn. In summer there is also a vast floating population, numbering perhaps a quarter of a million, drawn from all parts of the country by the surf and cool, strong air of the south and east coasts. Statesmen, bankers, merchants, brokers, lawyers, doctors, writers here re- new their vigor, and thus the island adds much to the prosperity of the nation. It seems to have been designed as the resting place and play- ground of the people. So it will always remain, except in its far western end, where business holds sway as imperious as its rule on the other side of the East River. HISTORIC LANDMARKS. Early History of Brooklyn — Notable Districts and Buildings — Interesting Episodes and Facts about Each. Brave though they were, the love of personal adventure was not a fea- ture of the character of either the Hollanders or the Walloons, who founded New Amsterdam. They preferred village life, and were slow to lay out farms beyond the stockade at the lower end of Manhattan Island. With much caution they made boat journeys m and out of the inlet that wound behind Red Hook, from the East River, and crept thence around to Gowanug Bay, and along the Long Island shore, back of Coney Island, to Jamaica Bay. Even more diffidently they approached the steep, dark face of Ihpetonga (Columbia Heights), covered with big cedars up to its brow. They were broad-bowed fellows, reluctant to climb. Level land, cut up by creeks, and with abundant meadows, suited them best, reminding them of the flatness and wetness of Holland. Yet there were some, more venturesome than the mass, and it is tradi- tionary that these, even as early as 1624, had explored the cove of Meryc- kawick, as far as to the eastern side of the "bend," now known as Walla- bout Bay, and had gone thence up the Rennegackonck, that ran through salt meadows, delightful to them. And it is sure, althougla no written record of it is extant, that some of them began, prior to 1630, to lay out little farms at Meryckawick south of the indentation where the shore tried to follow the droop of Ihpetonga to the lower and more sloping hills that ran to the east- ward. This is where Fulton Ferry now is. The settlers here intended to be wayfarers. Their ultimate destination was the Wallabout, but they were afraid to go so far without precaution; so they lingered, until bolder Dutch- men made settlements in other parts of the island, and used their locality as a means of approach to New Amsterdam, thereby making it advantage- ous not only for them to stay, but for others to join them. In 1636 the first patents for land within the present limits of Brooklyn were granted by Governor Kieft to William Adriaense Bennet and Jacques Bentyn. The land extended from the present line of 27th street in Gowan- us, as far as the present New Utrecht Ime, and comprised 930 acres. Ben- net soon acquired absolute ownership of it, and built his manor-house aboujt where 27th street crosses Third avenue. This house was destroyed by the Indians during the war precipitated by the cruelty and rapacity of Governor Kieft in 1643. The next patent was procured in 1637, by Joris Jansen de Rapalje, for 335 acres of land within the "bend of Meryckawick," westward from the west side of the Rennegackonck, now known as Wallabout Creek or Canal. Exactly why this region is known as the Wallabout, is hard to determine. By some it is said to mean "the shore or beach of the cove;" by others, "the bay of the foreigners," while still others insist that it means "the bay of the Walloons," from the fact that Joris de Rapalje and his family were Walloons. Even de Rapalje was reluctant to go to this region for years after he had procured his patent, and it is probable that he did not settle there until about 1646. In the 3^ear prior to that date, Brooklyn was really founded; for it was then that Jau Evertsea Bout settled in what 4 CITIZEN GUIDE. were known as the "maize lands of Meryckawick, on the kill of Gowanus." This had been a favorite home of the Indians prior to the war of 1643, and when, as the result of that conflict, they were either exterminated or driven farther into the island, the Dutch, led by Bout, took the land for themselves. Huyck Aertsen, Jacob Stoffelsen, Peter Cornellisen, Joris Dircksen andGer- rit Wolphertsen Van Couwenhoven, were the principal of the followers of Bout, and with him they established the village of Breuckelen, in the neigh- borhood of where Hoyt and Smith streets now meet Fulton street. They acted under the advice of the Colonial Council, that the Hollanders should follow the example of the English, and establish villages, instead of keeping together in or near New Amsterdam. The name of their settlement they took from a town in Utrecht, Holland. On May 21st, 1646, Jan Evertsen Bout and Huyck Aertsen were chosen Schepens of the village "to decide all questions that may arise," and in the following month the Colonial Council commissioned them and empow- ered them to select two or more persons to assist them in the labor of gov- ernment, should they find that labor too onerous. They evidently did find it too onerous. In a few weeks they appointed Jan Tuinessen as the Schout, or constable, or sheriff. In 1638, the West India Company, through Governor Kieft, bought from the Indians all that part of Brooklyn east and southeast of Renne- gackonck Kill, and extending to' the present Newtown. A few settlers soon went there to live on the creeks that ran in from the East River, and, per- haps as early as 1642, they erected a block-house on the headland about where the foot of South Fourth street now is. This bluff was known as the "Keike" or Lookout. Desiring to keep in sight of New Amsterdam, they sought, in 1660, permission to lay out a village on the "Kieke," but this was refused them by the Colonial Council. It was not until 1661 that a vil- lage settlement was made on the land piirchased by Kieft in 1638. The privilege to establish it was then given to some Swedes and Frenchmen, who were out of sympathy in religion with the sturdy Dutchmen. It was made in the neighborhood of where North Second street and Bush wick av- enue now join, and was called Boswijck, that is, the "town of the woods. These settlements of Gowanus, Breuckelen on the "maize lands," the Ferry, and Boswijck or Bushwick, were the beginnings of the present great city of Brooklyn. The Old Ferry. It is impossible in a brief narrative, such as this, to make a tour of so great a place, pointing out all the spots of historic interest. We will, there- fore, take a rapid run, noting on the way such places and things as are of special attractiveness. Let us begin at the "Ferry," which was for many years the real centre of life and activity in Brooklyn. Even prior to 1636, there was a boat-ferry, maintained by Cornelius Dircksen, to Peck Slip from what is now the corner of Ftdton street and Elizabeth place, for in those days the beach ran in from the present bulkhead Ime, making a deep cove. A settlement speedily sprang up in the neighborhood of the ferry, mainly on the east side of the road, and lanes were laid out, whose lines are now fol- lowed by Front and Water streets on the east, and by Doughty street on the west. There was also a lane, afterward known as Everit street, which ran diagonally from the present corner 'of Columbia and Doughty streets, to the line of Furman street, which was then the beach. It was along this beach that communication was kept up for years between "The Ferry" and BOTTLING, W. A. WISDOM, Pres. JOHN W. BROWN, Treas. I^ ong I sland Rottling C^o. SOLE BOTTLERS OF "Black Label" Lager — "Braunschwei ger Mumme" Malt Tonic, "Gilt Edge" Ale— "Diamond Brand" Brown Stout. The Trade, Hotels and families Supplied. ^WRITE FOR PRICE LIST. 280, 282 9 284 I3er<5(^9 Street, Telephone 307, Brooklyn. BROOKLYN. HISTORIC LANDMARKS. 5 the settlements of Frederick Lubbertsen, on the neck lying between Gowan- us Kill and the East River, and of Adriaense Bennet at Gowanus. Lub- bcrtsen's Xeck took in all of what is known as South Brooklyn, excepting the Red Hook region, which was taken in 1638 by Governor Van TwiUer, who was the first of our official land grabbers. After the establishment of the community in the present neighborhood of Smith, Hoyt and Fulton streets, a narrow road was broken from there to "The Ferry." This path, for it was hardly more, was widened in 1704, and is now Fulton street. From lireuckelen, also, a path was broken to the Gowanus Kill, and one to, and through, Lvibbcrtscn's Neck to Red Hook. A part of the latter yet remains in what is known as Red Hook lane, which runs out of Fulton street be- tween Boerum Place and Smith street. The big bridge overshadows what was known as "The Ferry" for years. In fact, that structure has in great part cnished out the place, and as one wanders there now, between Fulton and Main streets, and York street and the river, he can get no idea of what it was. The people had small holdings, and up to the Revolution their houses were bunched on Front street or in the small lanes that afterward became known as Dock, James, Mercein and Gai'ri- S0.1 streets. They were a happy-go-lucky lot, heavy of head, obstinate, and in- clined to hard drinking. A wedding or a funeral were alike opportunities for revelry. It was the ambition of every man to procure a cask of wine, which should in part be consumed at his wedding, and finally be disposed of at his wake, for wakes were a part of their customs, and at them pipes and wine or schnapps were served without stint. This custom continued in vogue among their descendants until a late date. Rev. Evan M. John- son, whom many Brooklynites can j-et remember as the "Dominie John- son" who was so read)' to perform a marriage ceremony, was a powerful factor in doing away with it. Indeed, his willingness to marry, when no- tice had not been given cf their intention by the parties to the ceremony, was the result of his desire to stop the drinking which always accompanied public functions. Most of the land near "the ferry" on the east side of "the ferry road," and extending almost to the Wallabout, came into the possession, prior to the Revolution, of Jan, or John, Rapelje, grandson of the original patentee at the WaUabout. His home was at the corner of Front street and Fulton street, just above the Corporation House, a building owned by the munici- pality of New York, which was used as an inn, the fish dinners in which were the pleasure of the British officers and are dilated upon in many a diary yet extant on the other side of the "big water." Attaching to John Rapelje is a specially interesting historic fact. He was a Tory, and, when the British left the country, he was banished, although it was admitted that "he had an honest heart and never oppressed a Whig." It is said that he took the Dutch records of Brcuckelen with him to Eng- land, where he died. Some years later his descendants came here and made an unsuccessful attempt to recover his estate. When they returned to England they took away all their papers, and it is believed that among them was the original Dutch patent for the entire town of Brcuckelen. Whether it was or not, it is almost certain that there was such a patent, for, by inference, rights conveyed by it were confirmed by a patent issued by the English Governor Nicol'ls on October iSth, 1667, which included Gowanus, Bedford, Wallabout, and "The Ferry" in the town of Brcuckelen. These rights were again confirmed by a patent, granted by Governor Don- gan, on May 3d, 1686. 6 CITIZEN GUIDE. A great part of the land owned by John Rapelje was bought by Comfort and Joshua Sands, for twelve thousand four hundred and thirty pounds sterling, in 1784. It extended from Gold street to Fulton street. Joshua Sands lived in a mansion m Front street, at the comer of Dock street. Opposite there, on the south side of Front street, in Mrs. Chester's long coffee-room, public entertainments were first given in Brooklyn, other than those given by British officers during the Revolution. "Yankee" Hill was the entertainer, and was famous in his day. In later years the drama had a temporary resting place in the Brooklyn Museum, and the variety stage long flourished, with the accompaniment of drinks and pretty waiter girls, in Burtis's Varieties. The Brooklyn Museum is yet standing at the north- west corner of Orange and Fulton streets, and the building in which Bur- tis's varieties flourished is at the northwest comer of Pineapple and Fulton streets. Dramatic performances were also given occasionally at the Brook- lyn, or Military Garden, kept for many years by the Du Flon family, on the site of the County Court House. In this garden the reception to Lafayette was held in 1824. "The Ferry" section of Brooklyn had no church until 1785. It is be- lieved that Philip Embury, and that valiant one-eyed exhorter. Captain Webb, of the British Army, made occasional trips over from New York, after founding the John Street M. E. Church there, and preached in the open air, after the manner of the Salvation Army enthusiasts. But this is a matter of tradition. As matters of history, we know that in one day, in 1785, Woodman Hickson put a wooden slab over a barrel-head at a point in the present Sands street, nearly opposite the lower corner of that street and Fulton street, and that he there preached and pounded until he interested a number of his hearers. Among them was Peter Cannon, the cooper, and thereafter the Methodists met in his cooper-shop, near the foot of the Ferry Road, until 1794, when they built a church about where Hickson planted his barrel. The Sands street M. E. Church stood there until within a few years ago. The East River Bridge caused its abandonment and destruc- tion. On the lower side of Sands street, at the corner of Washington, in a handsome grove, stood St. Ann's P. E. Church from 1808 until only a few years before the Bridge usuiped its site. It was named for Ann Sands, the wife of Joshua Sands. Fashionable St. Ann's-on-the-Heights is its successor in lineage. How little thought of the great future of Brooklyn the early residents had is shown by the fact that the cemetery of St. Ann's was laid out along Fulton street, opposite Clark street, and was maintained there until the city was built far beyond it, and it had become a bleak, dismal, rubbish-strewn plot, where from time to time practical jokers, with weak minds, used to "play spook" to interest and terrify the crowds of passers-by. It was, by the way, on this cemetery plot that the first Episcopal Church stood. An Episcopalian congregation was organized in the house of Marvin Richardson, where Charles Johnson's resort for "sports" now is, at the corner of .Fulton and Middagh streets, in 1784. The Independent Meeting House, on the plot of which we have been speaking, having been taken possession of by creditors, the Episcopalians succeeded to the owner- ship of it, and worshipped there until they built in Sands street. But we have moved some distance from the "Old Ferry" in our discus- sion of the churches. Let us go back, stopping for a moment about mid- way between High and Nassau streets in Fulton street. Here, until May, 1832, stood the Van Syclen House, as it was called, an ancient structure, which in 1752 sheltered the Colonial Legislature when that body fled from HISTORIC LANDMARKS. 7 New York in fear of the smallpox, then raging there. It was the head- quarters of Gen. Israel Putnam, who commanded the patriot forces on Long Island in 1776. Its oaken timbers blunted many a modern implement when it was torn down, and most of those timbers were used in the con- struction of the houses now standing on its site. Only a short distance be- low, at the junction of Main and Fulton streets, and running back a quarter of a mile, were the British army's work-shops during the Revolution. Main street was then but a path, leading up from the big tulip tree on the river bank — a favorite resort for picknickers. This wide-spreading tree was par- tially hollow, so that eight personscould stand comfortably within it. 'l"he picknickers used to cook in it. One day some of them forgot to put out their lire, which attacked and destroyed the tree, much to the regret of those who used to resort to it and to enjoy themselves cheaply but as satisfactorily as the wealthy club men enjoyed themselves over the river at the famous Belvedere, on the hill near Corlear's Hook. Main street was not opened until 1795, and was then named New Ferry street, because of the ferry then established there — now Catharine Ferry. Prior to that date there had also been a ferry from the foot of Joralemon Hill to Coenties Slip. But it was of little account, as most travelers prefer- red the livelier journey by way of the "Old Ferry," and for some time after the steamboat began to run in 1S14 the "Old Ferry" was a practical mo- nopoly. One block down Main street, and you reach York street, a direct passage from Fulton street to the main entrance to the United States Navy Yard. To your left, as you look toward the river, and nearer to Fulton street, is, or was, an irregular space. Here was for )'ears the principal market «)f Brooklyn. A market was established at "The Ferry "as early as 1675; and in later years one was held near the New (Catharine) Ferry. Both were abolished in 1884. Brooklyn was incorporated as a village on April 12th, 1816, with boundaries as follows: From the foot of Joralemon street to Red Hook Lane, thence to the Jamaica Turnpike, thence to the Wallabout Pond and the East River. The villagers soon desired a village hall, and proposed to build one with a market underneath the offices of the village authorities. It was not until 1826 that they undertook to carry this plan into effect. The irregtdar space through which York street now passes was selected as the site of the hall and market, and then the authorities undertook to ojjen away to it from Fulton street; but they met with an ob- stacle, which confronted them for years, in the person of Jacob Patchen, a leather-breeched, slow, conservative old Dutchman. He lived in an ancient shingled house, with its gable end to the street, situated just where Market street had to run; and he chose to live there, luxuriating under the shade of the big locusts that stood in front of his house, and careless of what seemed to others the need of public improvement. When the authorities con- demned his land they were imable to make a tender of the money to him. After playmg hide and seek for a long time, they went to his house with a cart loaded with 6,750 silver dollars, of which to make a public offer; but iacob had escaped and evaded the offer. They, therefore, invaded the ouse, sold it by auction, and when fat Jacob sought to hold the dwelling against all odds, they had him carried out. The courts again put him into possession of the land, although the house had been torn down, and Mar- ket street had been opened and paved. He built a fence across the street, and a small house, in which he lived, and started the fight afresh. The public had by this time got used to making its way to the market through Market street, so they tore down the fence and kept it down, against all 8 CITIZEN GUIDE. Jacob's protests. But he kept tip the Cght until he died, in 1S40, or for more than fourteen years, and finally the City of Brooklyn, which had been incorporated on Ajsril 8th, 1834, was compelled to pay for his land more than double what had been ori.^inally fixed as its value. Opposite where old Jacob's house stood a narrow, dark lane runs from Fulton street to Poplar street. It used to be known as Buckbee's Alley, but is now known as Poplar place. The old hay-scales stood there, and on its roof was the first fire-bell owned by Brooklyn. At the head of the alley, in Poplar street, was Poplar Hall, a great resort for dancers fifty years ago. It is now the Newsboy's Home. From the Heights to the Navy Yard, The easiest way to reach the plain on the top of Ihpetonga — "The Heights" — is from Fulton street by way of Hicks. Until you arrive at Cranberry street there is no place of special interest, There, turn to your left, and in the middle of the block, on the south side of the street between Hicks and Henry streets, is where the first Presbyterian Church was erected in the City of Brooklyn in 1822. Its site is now occupied by the Sunday school of Plymouth Church, whose congregation was so long ministered to by Henry Ward Beecher, On the comer of Henry street fonnerty stood the Apprentices' Library. The City Armory succeeded that edifice, and during the war was the scene o£ constant activity and interest. From there the famous "red legged devils" of the Fourteenth Regiment went to the front. There the Thirteenth Regiment had its beginning, and at vari- ous times other State military organizations have been quartered there. Opposite to it, in Henry street, is the old Firemen's Hall, the scene of many a lively time in the days of the Volunteer Fire Department; and around the corner from Firemen's Flail, at Orauge and Fulton streets, is the old Brook- lyn Museum, where the Twenty-third Regiment was organized. Pass down Orange street to the brow of the "Heights," and you get, through the fence of a itttle park laid out on the top of a building in Furman street far below, a magnificent view of the harbor. You are now where the British officers used to enjoy themselves to the top of their bent during the Revo- lution. It was on this plain they raced their horses, baited bulls and had festivals of various kinds. Just above here, at Clark street, the patriots erected a battery in the Spring of 1776. It is probable that the terrace, on which now stands the house of Henry C. Bowen, at Clark and Willow streets, is a part of the elevation of that fortification. The British maintained the battery there throughout their occupancy of Long Island. This was for many years, and is yet, the "swell" residential part of Brooklyn, although many boarding-house keepers have crept in. Here yet live the Lows and the Pierreponts and many other families, whose names have been identified with the progress of Brooklyn. All the land here, lying between Court streetand the river, Atlantic avenue and Clark street, passed into the possession of Joris Remsen, son of Rem Jansen Vanderbeeck, in 1706, and he built a mansion on the brow of a rocky promontory, just south of the present Remsen street, or about where the Prentice house has been in recent 3'ears. The Remsen mansion was occupied as a hospital by the British. In later years it was tumbled from its lofty situation, down into FuiTnan street, where it long stood. Philip L. Livingston, a member of the Continental Congress, became possessed of a part of the Remsen estate about the middle of the eighteenth century. He built a mansion near where Montague and Hicks streets now cross, which, for its day, was the most HISTORIC LANDMARKS. 9 magnificent in the neighborhood of New York, and perhaps in the country. The gardens about it were the finest in America. The wood^j'ork in it was carved, the ceilings of every room were ornamented, and the marble chim- ney pieces were all sculptured in Italy. Like the Remsen house, it was used as a hospital by the British. It became the property of Tennis Jorale- mon in 1S03. It was to be moved to make way for the opening of Hicks street, and the fine carving in it had all been taken down and packed, when it took fire and was destroyed with all its contents. Joralemon street will now load you straight to the City Hall and County Court House. The City Hall was planned in 1834 on a magnificent scale. Its cornerstone was laid on April 20th, 1S35. The work of construction went on until the panic of 1837 paralyzed every kind of business. After ten years of delay its con- struction on a diminished scale of architectural grandeur was begun again and carried on to completion. It is but a short walk from the City Hall through Fulton street, lined on boih sides with magnificent stores, to where the old village of Breuckelen was established in 1646. Here in the middle of the roadway (Fulton street), between Smith and Hoyt streets, stood the first Dutch Church. Prior to 1659, Brooklyn was ministered to by tlie Rev. Joannes Theodorus Polhemus, who also preached at Midwout (Flatbush), Amersfort (Flatlands) and Gravesend. In that year the people of Brooklyn, for various reasons of inconvenience, petitioned Governor Stuyvesant for leave to procure a minister from Holland, and as a result, the Rev. Henricus vSelwyn was installed at Brooklyn, in 1660. His preach- ing soon became famous in the colony, and Governor Stuyvesant agreed to pay part of his salary if he were allowed to preach occasionally in his chapel in the Bowery, which is now known as the Episcopal Church of St. Mark's. Two years later the people of Brooklyn insisted upon having Mr. Selwyn to themselves, and in 1666 they built for him the first Dutch Church — a square edifice, with thick walls and high, narrow windows. It was a damp, dark and gruesome l)uilding, but it continued to be used until 1810, when the highway was widened and repaired. Then a new church was built on Joralemon street, near the corner of Court, where the congregation of the first Dutch Church continued to worship until very recently. * Passing on a short distance, to where Flatbush avenue runs from Ful- ton street, you reach the southeastern-most limit of Brookljm, as it was when incorporated as a village in 1S16. It is impossible now to follow the vil- lage line, which then skirted the hill on which is Washington Park, or Fort Greene, and crossed the country to the western bank of the Rennegackonck and the eastern limits of the original estate of Joris de'Rapalje on the southern shore of the "bend" of Meryckawick. This is true historic ground. Along this "bend" from the Rennegackonk to IMarchwyck, the headland which marks its western limit, were buried thousands of patriots whose lives had been sapped in the noisome prison-ships. Out in the Walla- bout lay, from 1776 until the close of the Revolution, the prison-ships Jersey and Whitby, and a number of others from time to time. Several of these others were burned, and many prisoners of war found in the flames a happy release from the slow death by suifocation, starvation and general misery which they had been undergoing. It has been estimated that eleven thousand persons died on the prison-ship Jersey alone. How many died in all is only a matter of conjecture. For j^ears their bones were crop- ping out of the meadows and headlands. In iSoS the Tammany Society of New York, moved by that patriotic feeling which has always character- ized it, had the bones of many of them disinterred, and buried them in thir- 10 CITIZEN GUIDE. teen immense coflfins in a mausoleum erected on the eastern side of Hud- son avenue, -^hich runs on the ridge of Marchwyck. This headland was thereafter known as Martyrs' Hook — a corruption of the name of Martyn's Hook, which very naturally resulted from the fact that Jan Martyn, one of the original proprietors of the headland, was easily forgotten, while the memory of the martyrs of the prison-ships must always remain fresh. If you wish to visit the Wallabout region, you may take, at Fulton av- enue, opposite the mouth of Flatbush avenue, an elevated railroad train vv^hich will carry you to Myrtle avenue and Bridge street, from where, after two transfers, you may arrive within a short distance of the entrance to the Navy Yard from Navy street. You are now in the centre of the Fifth Ward, or "Irishtown." It is a rude change from one to the other, but Irish- town was originally a part of Olympia. When Joshua and Comfort Sands bought the land of John de Rapalje in 1784, they laid it out in streets and plots, and called it Olympia. John Jackson, who owned much land adjoin- ing theirs, and running to the southeastward, joined them in the enterprise. But it was a slow movement, so, after the Irish revolution, Jackson made a bold bid to get Irish refugees to settle on his land. He called an eminence on his land Vinegar Hill, after the place of their last fight at home, and his plan succeeded. The Irish flocked to him. But an enmity grew tip be- tween them and the Dutch at the Wallabout, and continued alive between the people of the two sections — particularly the young men and boys — until the Volunteer Fire Department went out of existence. Even to the present day there is a restraint in the relations between the people who live north and those who live south of Concord street. City Park, up to which Con- cord street runs at Navy street, used to be a great battle ground for the "Bucks" of Irishtown who "ran with Seven Engine," and the "Forty Acres" who "ran with Five Engine." In this park the dastardly murder of the Spaniard Don Jose Otero by his treacherous fellow-countrymen took place on Nov. 23, 1865. "Irishtown" has always been a turbulent neighborhood. Dur- ing and for years after the war it was not uncommon to see United States troops surrounding sections of it, while Internal Revenue officers were raiding illicit distilleries, which abounded there. The strange name of "Forty Acres" had its origin in the fact that the predecessors of the bellig- erents who prided themselves on it lived on or near the forty acres of land along the Wallabout sold to the United States Government for a navy yard site by John Jackson in 1801. The Navy Yard will well repay a visit. It is filled with things of inter- est connected with the past, and instructive respecting the present. Leave it by wa}^ of the Flushing avenue exit, and pass up (Cumberland street to Myrtle avenue. There you will find Washington Park, or Fort Greene. Its latter name comes from the title of a fortification erected in 18 14. A Revo- lutionar}'^ predecessor of this defensive structure was known as Fort Put- nam. The eminence on which Washington Park is laid out has never been the scene of conflict, yet it is more intimately than any other part of the city associated in the minds of most of our citizens with the idea of war. One reason for this is the fact that the bones of the martyrs of the Revolu- tionary prison-ships are in this park, in a vault on the side of the hill facing the comer of Myrtle avenue and Canton street. They were removed from the Hudson avenue mausoleum, which had fallen into ruin, on June 17, 1873. Brooklyn's Battle Field. When it became apparent early in the year 1776 that the British pro- HISTORIC LANDMARKS. 11 posed to make Long Island the place from which to send expeditions to crush the rebellion in detail, Generals Lee, Putnam and Greene preceded Washington hither. They first built Fort Defiance on Red Hook, a bat- tery on Governor's Island, and Fort Stirling at Columbia and Clark streets. These were to combat the British fleet. Then, beginning with Fort Put- nam, they built a line of defences across the narrow neck that separates the Wallabout from Gowanus Kill. These defences were, starting from the Wallabout: a redoubt on the hillside just to the northward of where Cumberland street and Myrtle avenue cross; Fort Putnam, on the top of the hill; a small oblong redoubt on the southwestern slope of the hill, about where DeKalb and Hudson avenues meet; Fort Greene, a star-sh aped structure mounting six guns, east of the present line of Bond street and between State and Schcrmerhorn; Fort Box (named after Major Box of Gen. Greene's stall), a diamond-shaped structure about Pacific and Bond streets; and a redoubt on the hill where Court street and Atlantic avenue inter.sect. The last mentioned hill was known locally as Punkiesberg, but the patriot soldiers wh) hai been at Boston dubbed it Cobble Hill, from its likeness to an eminence near that city, The fort here was built to check a rear attack from the East River side, or a flanking movement by way of Gowanus Cove. It was peculiarly constructed, with trenches running spi- rally from the bottom to the summit of the hill, and was commonly known as the Corkscrew Fort. Besides these defences there was a small redoubt at Degraw and Bond .streets, commanding a mill-dam on Gowanus Kill. So the village of Brooklyn was well defended on the land side. To defend the approaches to the Jamaica and Bedford Roads, which led to the village, the greater part of the patriot army was thrown out along the ridge of hills which runs from the Narrows to the eastward, with the special duty to guard the coast road and the Flatbush and Bedford (Clove Road) passes. The British, who had crossed the Narrows from Staten Island to Fort Hamilton, then known as De Nyse's Ferry, on Au- gust 22d, 1776, soon learned of the occupancy by the Americans of the hills and of the passes already mentioned. For three days they skirmished in a desultory way. On the night of August 26th the liritish began to move forward from New Utrecht in three columns — one along the coast road to Gowanus, and another — composed of Hessians — to the front of the American position at Flatbush. The third, made up of the main body of the British Army, and commanded by (general Howe, with Sir Henry Clinton, Lord Cornwallis and General Percy as aids, made its way to East New York, through the Jamaica Pass, which had been left unguarded, and by way of the Jamaica road to the left flank of the American position. As soon as this body began the attack on the flank and in the rear, the other two col- ums assailed the Americans in front. The fight began at three o'clock on the morning of the 27th of August. By two o'clock in the afternoon it was ended in a decided defeat for the patriots. But, raw and untried as they had been, they had proved themselves able to cope with veterans. The British, with the advantage of a surprise, lost as many in killed and wounded as the i)at:-iots. Prospect Park is hallowed ground, for it was the scene of the greater part of the fighting done in the first great battle fought after the Americans declared independence to be their aim. Not less holy is the ground from 23d street and Third avenue to Gowanus Creek, where Lord Stirling, with his brave Maryland and Pennsylvania regiments, main- tained an unequal fight for hours. 12 CITIZEN GUIDE. Gen. Putnam was in command of the patriot army in the fight. Wash- ington was in New York. When his defeated forces arrived witliin the line of intrencliments he took command and made arrangements to repulse the enemy, who, apparently, made ready to build intrenchments for them- selves and to advance by degrees. Their headquarters was at Baker's Tavern, afterward known as Bull's Head, about where Atlantic avenue and Fort Greene place now meet. After some skirmishing in the neigh- borhood of Clinton, Vanderbilt and DeKalb avenues, and after two days of heavy rain upon his unsheltered men, Washington and his advisers, at a council of war held in the Cornell-Pierrepont house, situated where Monta- gue street and Montague Terrace cross, decided to abandon Brooklyn. This decision they carried into effect on the night of August 29th, without arous- ing the suspicion of the British. When the latter awakened on the morning of August 31st the forts confronting them were untenanted. They entered Brooklyn speedily, and for seven years thereafter made Long Island their base cf supplies. Having strengthened the line of fortifications built by the Americans, they projected an inner line, the main feature of which was a fort 150 feet square at Pierrepont and Henrjr streets. The remainder of the line was an earthwork running over to the brow of the Heights, and a series of works, with connecting trenches, stretching from the fort across Johnson, Concord, Nassau, High and Sands streets to the Wallabout. The fort was built but the connecting works were not. The original fortifications were reconstructed in 1814 by the voluntary labor of the citizens of Brooklyn. Old Fort Putnam was then christened Fort Greene, which is yet the popular name of the eminence on which it stood. Even the redoubt on Punkiesberg or Cobble Hill, at Atlantic avenue and Court streets, was then rebuilt, and its trenches and terraces remained until District street was broadened and lengthened into Atlantic avenue. In 1836 the Brooklyn and Jamaica Railroad, starting from South Ferry, cut through the base and core of Cobble Hill. The tunnel then made was closed about thirty years ago. But only its ends are filled up. The last time public at- tention was called to it, was when the revenue officers discovered that some enterprising illicit distillers were making whiskey in it. Tliey Emulated Gargantua. While the British were in New York they made Long Island their special resort for amusement. For lw,rd drinking and good eating no place was more attractive to them than the " Corporation House," or, as it was variously known to them, " The Kings Arms " or Brooklyn Hall. This was a building on the old ferry road below the Rapelje mansion, about the middle of theblock between Front and Water streets. It belonged to the city of New York, which then claimed jurisdiction over the Long Island shore as far as the high-water mark. It was always an inn, and in the time of the Revolution was kept by one Loosley, a bitter Tory, but a good cook, whose fish dinners were the delight of the British officers. Loosley also kept a tavern at Ascot Heath, or Flatlands Plain, where the " red coats " raced their own horses, or the best stock they could procure from the farm- ers of Long Island, New Jersey and Connecticut. Between racing at Ascot Heath, fox-ht:nting toward Hempstead, and btill-baiting on the Heights, they prepared themselves well for the good things that Landlord Loosley set before them in the " Kings Arms." Loosley was a clever advertiser in his way. He lost no opportunity to tell his little world what good thmgs he had to serve ; and if ever an 023portunity came to illuminate his house, HISTORIC LANDMARKS. 13 or otherwise express his extreme loyalty, he never failed to improve it. One of the most interesting of his methods of advertising is still extant in a newspaper whieh he called " The Brooklyn Hall Super-Extra Gazette." This was the first newspaper printed in Brooklyn. It was a sheet of dingy letter-size paper, very closely printed, and made up of matter showing the merits of the Tory cause and of his own establishment. A copy of it is in the Ljxeum in the Brooklyn Navy Yard. The impress of the thirsty British was put upon the character of " The Ferry " deeply enough to stay there for many years. Besides the " Corpo- ration House," there sprang up many less aristocratic drinking places, audit was long afterward a question whether there was a better reason for visit- ing " The I'erry " than to get a di-ink. Indeed, the embryonic " City of Churches " was in the past a cluster of dram-shops. In 1796 there was one tavern-keeper to every four persons living between Fulton and Main streets. In 1S22, when the village of Brooklyn had 7,500 residents, there were ninety-six places where liquor was sold. There were then four distilleries, or one for less than two thousand people, men, women and children. Now that this city has over 900,000 people, there ought to be, if the ratio had kept up, nearly five hundred distilleries here. In 1S26 the excise fees amounted to $3,627. In the same way these fees ought now to be one hundred times as large, or $362,700, but as one dollar in i8?6 could buy as many of the neces- saries of life as three dollars now, the real sum, to be proportionate, should be $i,oSS,ioo. Yet this hard drinking of our predecessors — which used to be done by the Dutch at home before the British soldiers caused the establish- ment of tap-rooms — need not be considered to their discredit. They were used to liquor, and they were not light- witted people, likely to be made either hilarious or quarrelsome. Besides they had but narrow roads to reel in and many a fence to cling to. The "Ferry Road " was so narrow until 1S17, when it became Fulton street, that a drunken man could stagger from side to side without falling for lack of a house or a fence to support him. It was not until 1S48 that Fulton street acquired its present width. The op- portunity to widen it was procured through the great fire of September 9th, in that year, which burned over the territory bounded by Pineapple, Con- cord, Sands, Fulton and Henry streets. Tlio Eastern District. Our discourse has been altogether about what is now known as the Western District of Brooklyn. The Eastern District, formerh' called Wil- liamsburgh, has but a meagre history. From the purchase of the land east of the Wallabout by Governor Kieft in 163S, and the establishment of the town of Bushwick, to which we referred in the beginning of this sketch, that region was slumbrous, its restfulness being broken onlj' by occasional forays by the patriots from Westchester or Connecticut during the Revolu- tion. The name of Boswijck or Bushwick, "town in the woods," was coined by old Peter Stu\'\'esant, when he visited the settlement in March, 1661. He then conferred certain town privileges upon the communitJ^ and appointed Peter Janes AVit, Jan Cornells Zeeuw, and Jan Tilje to be its magistrates. From its beginning until 1700 there was no church in Bushwick. ]\Iost of the settlers were Lutherans. The Dutch did not allow them to have a minister not of the Reformed Dutch Church, so they went without one. But Dutch families entered among them, and had services in their houses from time to time, whenever a preacher could be procured from New York, Brooklyn or Flatbush. About 1705 the first church — Dutch Reformed — was built be- 14 CITIZEN GUIDE. tween Busliwick avenue, North Second street, Humboldt street and Skill- man avenue. Besides being not markedly religious, Bushwick was from tlie begin- ning inclined to rebellion. It resented the methods of Peter Stuyvesant, and he had j^repared himself to discipline it when the English wrested his domain from him. Throughout the English period the Bushwickers were restless. When the news of the downfall of James the Second reached them, they celebrated the event with great enthusiasm. They were also eager for the Revolution. Theodorus Polhemus, whose descendants are yet well-known citizens, represented them in the provincial congresses. During the Revolution they were kept in order by Hessians, who were quartered on them. Greenpoint, or CheiTy Point, was a part of Bushwick, but was so re- mote from the village that it was even more slumbrous. In 1833 Dr. Eli- phalet Nott and Keziah Bliss bought thirty acres of the Peter Meserole farm and laid the land out with streets. The first house was built there in 1S39, in India street, by John Hillye?. Williamsburgh is the offspring of an unsuccessful speculation. In iSoo Richard M. Woodhull, a New Yorker, conceived the idea of establishing a vil- lage near the old ' ' Lookout, " through which the produce of Long Island should go to New York, instead of by way of Brooklyn. After much difficulty with the conservative ^farmers, he bought thirteen acres of land in the neighborhood of the foot of the present North Second street, laid them out in city lots, and named the place Williamsburgh, after his friend Colonel Wil- liams, of the United States Army, who survej-ed it for him. He estab- lished a,'ferry from Corlears Hook, and sold a few lots. But he did little else, excepting to fail in 1811. Thomas Morrell, of Newtown, had mean- while laid out twenty-eight acres to the eastward, between North Second and South First streets, and dubbed his place Yorkton. He likewise start- ed a ferry from the foot of Grand street to Corlears Hook. Yorkton was the more prosperous for years, but finally WoodhuU's ferry was benefited by the opening of tm'npikes to it. Williamsburgh then laecame known over the island, and the fame of Yorkton departed. Wilhamsburgh grew, and its prosperity was assured when, in 1819, Noah Waterbury built a distillery at the foot of South Second street, and earned the title of "Father of Williamsburgh." Then David Dunham acquired interests in the vil- lage, established a steam ferry and erected a school house. This was in 1820, when Williamsburgh had a population of 934, of whom nearly a quar- ter were colored. Rope walks and more distilleries were started later on. The village of Williamsburgh was incorporated on April 14th, 1827, with these boundaries ; beginning at the bay or river opposite to the town of Brooklyn, and running thence easterly along the division line between the towns of Bushwick and Brooklyn to the land of Abraham A. Remsen; thence northerly by the same to a road or highway at a place called Sweed's Fly (Note — probably Swede's Vley, or valley); thence by said high- way to the dwelling house late of John Vandervoort, deceased; thence in a straight line northerly to a smaU ditch or creek against the meadow of John Skillman; thence by the middle or centre of Norman's Kill to the East River; thence by the 'same to the place of beginning. By the charter Noah Waterbury, Abraham Meserole, Louis Sanford, Thomas T. Morrell and John Miller were appointed village trustees. Miller declined to serve. At the first election, held November 5th, 1S27, the same persons were elected trustees, with the exception of Miller, for whom Peter C. Cornell was sub- PAPER AND WOOD PULP. I he jjien r lanufactur lng v>o. I he naverhill Paper L/o. »♦♦♦»»»»♦♦ EWSPAPER AND PULP Boston Office: Globe Building. New York Office : Tribune Building, HISTORIC LANDMARKS. 15 stituted. Then came a period of speculation in land, which finally ended in bankrui^tcy for many who had blindly sought fortunes. The general jDanic of 1S37 made them its victims. Prosperity did not begin to appear again in Williamsburgli until 1844. In the meantime the villagers gave their atten- tion to establishing churches and improving the educational opportunities of the community, of which Bushwick was made part in April, 1835. When a new wave of prosperity came into their view, the people of Williamsburgh sought civic rights. After much wrangling they procured the passage by the Legislature of a city charter, on April 7th, 1S51. In the following November they elected their city officers, and their charter went into effect on January ist, 1852. Dr. Abraham J. Berry was the first Mayor of Williamsburgh. William Wall was the second and last. He was a dog- matic and pugnacious man, who made a fortune in ropemaking. He took office on Jan. ist, 1S54, and soon became embroiled with the Aldermen. As they would not do as he wished, he vetoed almost every ordinance they passed. His vetoes in the year he held office were aftenvard collected in a volume of more than one hundred octavo pages. Being unable to force the Aldermen to do his will, he favored the consolidation of Williamsburgh with Brooklyn, and his influence was largely instrumental in causing the passage of the act of consolidation, which went into effect on January i, 1S55. East New York ami New Lots. In 1852 the town of Flatbush was divided and the town of New Lots was created. In this town were four villages, viz: East New York, Browns- ville, New Lots and Cypress Hills. Its history is not of great interest, ex- cepting so far as it revives memories of the march of the British through its territory to surprise the patriots on August 26, 1776, of the bloody riots that drunken soldiers used to indulge in when they were quartered on the plain now covered by East New York, during the war of the Rebellion, or of the lively times the lovers of trotting had in the days of long ago, when they spurted through the drives of the town, on their way to John I. Snediker's, or Hiram Woodruff's, or to the Union, or the Centreville Course. In those trotting days, when Flora Temjjleor George M. Patchen was the attraction to the Courses, the roads were thronged with light wagons or sulkies, driven by "whips" who all insisted upon showing the merits of their "nags," no matter who or what they drove over or against. But Hunt-a-fly Road is no longer in the minds of the people,. Clove Road is only a historical fact, and few now living knew the joys of Ben Nelson's hostelry at Flatbush, or the delights of Holder's at Bedford. Union Course, built upon the site of Centreville, is practically forgotten, and John I. Snediker and Hiram Wood- ruff have long been gathered to their fathers. The old town of New Lots is now a part of Brooklyn, having been annexed, and labeled as the 26th Ward in 1SS7. Thus compactly, yet with some degree of amplitude, wthout which this would be but a summarj^ of events and a series of dates, the endeavor has been made to give here the history of Brooklyn. It is not a romantic tale, but the story of the life-time of a city, which, beginning with a foundation of thrift, honesty and conservativeness, has been built up to greatness by the efforts of its citizens, inspired by public spirit and the love of home. BROOKbYJSI ENTEF^TAINMENTS. Theatres — Opera Houses — Music Halls — Amateur Dramatic Societies — Amateur Actors. In a city o£ homes like Brooklyn, where there is no considerable "float- ing population," the character and quality of the public entertainments may be fitly said to represent the character and quality of the people. Proba- bly there is no other city of its size in the world in which the people do so much to amuse themselves, and depend so little upon professional enter- tainers. The musical and dramatic amateur finds genuine appreciation in Brooklyn, and the church entertainments, in particular and private theat- ricals for the benefit of church societies and charities, bring this talent fre- quently and conspicuously into play. Brooklyn has more than her share of musical societies, some of them of national reputation, while in the matter of amateur dramatic clubs she has no rival on the face of the earth. The "Thespian Society" did not originate in Brooklyn, of course, but its vogue has been carried here to a limit unheard of in other cities. Where- fore, in taking up the subject of public entertainments in Brooklyn ama- teur theatricals come first into the mind. The amateur actor exists, in more or less repute, in every American city, but in Brooklyn he positively dominates. In the last twenty-five years the fame of the Brooklyn amateur has spread over the whole coun- try. Why Brooklyn, more than any other large city, should have taken to private theatricals with so much energy, it would puzzle and take an experienced student of manners to determine. Brooklynites have the New York theatres at their very doors, and they have long had modem, well-equipped playhouses of their own in which the best of the current plays are performed by the best actors in the season. But the recent growth of theatres in Brooklyn has not in the least retarded the growth of amateur theatricals, and in the dramatic forces of the many societies, whose monthly receptions and performances are social events of acknowl- edged importance, many professional actors and actresses of distinction have had their artistic beginning. , Before the organization of the famous and still thriving Amaranth in 1870, the amateur actors in Brooklyn, though numerous, enthusiastic and reasonably ambitious, were not so conspicuously in evidence as they after- ward became. They had few regular performances, and generally ap- peared in public only for the benefit of some local charity. The old Athe- naeum, at Clinton street and Atlantic avenue, was the scene of most of their exploits, while the less ambitious among them found publicity enough to satisfy them at Sawyer's Hall, over the music store of Chas. Carroll Saw- yer, author of war songs and once popular sentimental ballads, at Fulton and Jay streets. The Athensum was then much as it is now, and was con- stantly in use for all sorts of entertainments, assembly balls, and meetings, as well as concerts and dramatic entertainments. Sawyer's Hall was a veritable toy theatre, with a tiny stage raised a foot or so above the floor level of the audience room, a line of twinkling little foot-lights, a painted curtain on a slow revolving and wheezy roller, and a few miniature interior BROOKLYN ENTERTAINMENTS. 17 and exterior scenes that could only be put properly into place by the con- sumption of much time, labor and patience. When the pioneer amateur actors of Brooklyn did not use either of these public halls they exerted their influence in the back parlors of private residences. The Amaranth came into existence suddenly and brilliantly. It had a large membership, and its dramatic corps in the beginning included men and women who might have made a mark on the professional stage. John H. Bird, John Oakey, Chas. Bamburgh, Henry W. Pope, the Mesfers. Hardenberg, Leonard W. Moody, Dr. T. A. Quinlan, W. T. Lusk, Fanny Foster, Mr. and Mrs. St. George and Chas. W. Thomas were among its first tragedians and comedians. Its monthly entertainments in the spa- cious Academy of Music, followed by dances in the assembly rooms, drew out the best society of the Heights and the Hill, and were revelations of the ability and enthusiasm of the amateur actor. Then began the pro- tracted period of extraordinary activity among the dramatic amateurs of Brooklyn. Dozens of smaller societies sprang up, and the Brooklyn Ly- ceum, a little theatre in Washington street, became their chief abiding place. This had a real stage, a seating capacity of 500, suitable scenery and a " green room." The Lyceum was forgotten long ago, but the Amaranth, as has been said, stiU survives, having been the progenitor of other socie- ties now equally well known, of which the Kemble and the Gilbert are the largest in numbers and the foremost in importance. The Criterion Thea- tre, a well-equipped and handsome playhouse on Fulton street, opposite Grand avenue, is used almost exclusively for the receptions and entertain- ments of those organizations that do not care to play in the big Academy. The following is a complete list up to date of the different amateur dramatic societies : Amaranth, Amphion, Ariel, Amateur Opera Associa- tion, Armstrong, Adephi Alumni, Alpine, Assumption, Holy Name Booth, Barrett, Bedford Union, Bijou, Barrymore, Confraternity Sacred Heart, Caledonian, Claudian, Columbia, De Long Council Minstrels, Entre Nous, Elliott, Florence, Fidelia, Gilbert, Hawthorne, Irving, Italian South Brooklyn, Jerome, Jefferson, Kendal, Leonardis, Lafayette, Laurence, Laurel, Lutzover, Lyric, Lester, La Salle, Melpomene, Mantle, Midwood, Newspaper League, Nepenthe, Perseverance, Philomathean, Parvows, Portia, Rakes of ivildare, Roja, Salvini, St. Peter's, St. Ann's, Young Men's, St. James' Young Men's, St. Augustine's Holy Name, South Brooklyn, Swedish, St. John's Young Men's, St. Thomas' Young Men's, St. Paul's Young Men's, Ulks, Visitation Young Men's, Lyceum, Vincentian, Warde. Xayier, Young Men's of St. Francis de Sales, Young Men's Sodality, Young Men's of Our Lady of Victory. Amateur actors who have achieved distinction are Messrs. Frederick Bowne, W. P. Macfarlane, Adam Dove, C.T. Catlin, J. J. Darling, Douglass Montgomery, Burt G. Cole, H. C. Edwards, W. J. Moran, Albert Meafoy, Ernest Jacobson, William Dinsmore, H. W. Noble, W. T. Harris, Frank Norris, H. J. Stokum, John E. Irwin, W. W. Butcher, Chas. Arthur, and J. F. Dyer; Misses Marie Lamb, Dorothy Dearborn, Carlotta Cole, Mamie T. Cole, Ella G. Greene, Edith Elwood, Mary Farley, Blanche Krisler, Elise Louis, Sloat, Butcher, Healy, Turner, Webster, and Paige; Robert Ililliard, Edith Kingdon (now Mrs. George Gould), Blanche Bender (now Mrs. Joe Jefferson, Jr.), Nellie Yale Nelson, Alice Chapin Ferris, Ada Aus- tin, Alice Shcppard, Rose Barrington Clarke, Pauline Willard, Grace Gay- lor Clarke, Mamie Bender. C. H. Canfield, Norman Campbell, Willard 18 CITIZEN GUIDE. Dalton, George Sammis, Miss Billings, Mrs. Buckley, Frederick Suydam, James V/ilson, C. De Milly, Bert Andrews, and a host of lesser lights. The performances of these societies are varied and ambitious. They are not afraid to try Shakespeare and other English classics. They secure the rights to present the most popular modern plays. Lately some of the societies have produced original plays of some merit. Their performances are well managed and the plays are carefully staged. They provide pleas- ant entertainment for many thousands of Brooklynites. Still, the public entertainment of the million inhabitants of the City of Churches is hardly confined to amateur theatricals. Music is never neglected, and at least two of the prominent musical societies in Brooklyn, the Philharmonic and Seidl, exert a beneficial influence that is felt far beyond this city. The Philharmonic Society of Brooklyn, now in its 36th year, is formed on a different plan from that of New York. Its m.embers are music lovers, not professional musicians. The President is H. K. Sheldon, and B. T. Frothingham is Secretary. It hires its orchestra for the monthly concerts in the Academy, and lately the excellent orchestra of the Boston Symphony Society has served its purpose. Anton Seidl is the leader of the Seidl Society, an organization composed entirely of women whose aim is to foster an appreciation cf modern music, particularly that of Wagner. He was, for a time, the Philharmonic's leader. At the leader's desk in the Philharmonic concerts, the programmes of which are made with rare judgment * and taste, Arthur Nikisch has lately occupied the place which was filled for many years by Theodore Thomas, who succeeded Carl Bergman there. Besides the many sym- phony concerts and other musical entertainments in the Academy during the fall and winter, Brooklynites of good musical taste can frequently find rare enjoyment at Historical Hall, which is particularly well suited to chamber music. The prominent musical societies, chiefly choral, of Brook- lyn are the Cajcelian, Mccnnerchor, Amphion, Apollo Club, Brooklyn Choral Society, Arbeit er Bunden, Arion and Sangerbund. The history of the Brooklyn dramatic stage has never been written, but there is good material to be found for an interesting volume on that subject, because Brooklyn has actually had a stage of its own for many years. Brooklynites, of course, are still among the most constant patrons of the forty odd theatres on New York island, and in large numbers, as they always have been. It is very much easier in these days of quick transit to go to a play in New York from one's home in Brookh'ii and return at a reasonable hour than it used to be, cold winter nights, when the ferrj^boats had to make their way through fields of ice and lumber- ing old stages were the only means of conveyance between the ferries and the theatre. Yet Wallack's, at Broadway and Thirteenth St., and the other principal New York theatres, always had their large nightly contingent of appreciative Brooklyn theatre-goers. There was, however, a good theatre with a fair stock companj^ in Brooklyn as long ago as 1S62, when Gabriel Harrison, a man of some renown in theatrical mat- ters, opened the Park Theatre, on Fulton St., opposite the City Hall Park. The theatre was up a long flight of stairs then, and in its decorations and appointments would not compare very well with the spacious, modern house on the same site now managed by Col. W. E. Sinn. But under the Conways the Park Theatre for many years gave performances good enough to keep play-going Brooklynites on their own side of the East River, though many of them would not admit the fact. BROOKLYN ENTERTAINMENTS. 19 Hooley's Opera House, at Court and Remson streets, was the home of a capital minstrel companj^ in those days, and a little later Donnelly's Olym- pic, a variet}' theatre altered from a church, on Fulton street, near Hoyt, came into existence. The Brooklyn Theatre, at Washington and Johnson streets, was opened by Mrs. Conway in 1872, and the Park was thereafter managed for a time by A. R. Samuells, who brought the auditorium down to the street level and lost money by trying to compete with Mrs. Conway, though he had a very good stock company. The burning of the Brooklyn Theatre, December 5th, 1S76 (after . Mrs. Conway's death, and the final disbandment of the last of the Brooklyn stock companies), is a catastrophe inevitably recalled bj^ any allusion to the local stage, but it need not be dwelt upon in a chapter upon public entertainments at the present day. The theatre erected on the same site a few years later, and since torn down, was never popular for obvious reasons. Yet that terribly fatal lire was the indirect cause of the estabhshment of a new and still popular place of amusement in Brooklyn. There was a market on Adams street in 1876, with an L-shaped extension opening on Fulton street at the time of the theatre fire, and it occurred to two shrewd men, with ex- perience as amusement purveyors, that the spot had a fascination for the general public. They secured a lease of the Adams street part of the building, and established a variety hall there with which they laid the foundation of large fortunes. Hyde and Behman's theatre of to-day is the second structure on the old market site, fire having destroyed the first. Near the site of the ill-fated Brooklyn Theatre, at Washington and Tillary streets, stands the newest, and, in some respects, the handsomest theatre in Brooklyn, the Columbia, built in 1891, and managed by Edwin F. Knowles & Co., Mr. Knowles' partners in this scheme being Daniel Frohman, of the Lyceum Theatre, New York, and Al. Hayman. Mr. Knowles is also manager of the handsome Amphion Academy, in the Eastern District. Col. Sinn's new Park Theatre, already mentioned, has ths best site of any Brooklyn playhouse, and is equipped with the best modern appliances both on the stage and in the auditorium. These three houses are visited by all the best actors and companies in America, foreign and native, and in them Brooklynites can see the plays of the hour done precisely as well as they are done in New York and London, in respect to acting, scenery and stage management. In another new and skillfully managed house, John W. Holmes' Star Theatre, Jay street near Fulton, popular stars and combinations also appear, while the Grand Opera House, on the site of the old Elm Place Congrega- tional Church, is another favorite resort of well-bred folks. AU the Brooklyn theatres are necessarily conducted on the " combination "plan to- day. There are only four or five permanently established dramatic com- panies in the United States. Actors are now engaged for the run of plays, beginning in New York, generally, and then continuing in all the principal cities ; or else they are emploved in the support of traveling stars. The stock companies of Daly's Theatre, the Lyceum, the Empire and Harri- gan's Theatre in New York, however, appear every year in Brooklyn, and no resident of this citv ever need go to New York to see Joseph Jefferson, Helena Modjeska, Henrv Irving, Sara Bernhardt, E. S. Willard, W. H. Crane, Stuart Robson, Richard Mansfield or any other famoiis star under the best possible auspices. In fact, the whole world of theatricals comes to the Brooklynite, if he is willing to stay in his own beautiful and thriving >"itv and wait for it. A complete alphabetical list of the theatres, music 20 ; CITIZEN -GUIDE. halls and lecture rooms in the city of Brooklyn is appended for easy refer- ence : Academy of Music, Montague St. near Court. Controlled by a board of directors of the stockholders; H. K. Sheldon, president ; J. J. Pierrepont, secretary. Music, the drama, social gatherings, public meetings, etc. Amphion Academy, Bedford Avenue near South Ninth Street, E. D. Owned by the Amphion Musical Association, leased by E. F. Knowles for dramatic performances. Art Association Galleries, Montague and Clinton Sts. Exhibitions of paintings and works of art by the Brooklyn Art Association. Association Hall, Fulton and Bond Streets, in the Young Men's Christian Association building. Lectures, concerts, etc. Athen/eum, Atlantic Avenue and Clinton Street. Theatricals, con- certs and lectures. Avon Hall, Bedford Avenue near Fulton. Theatricals, concerts and lectures. Bedford Avenue Theatre, South Sixth St. near Bedford Ave., E. D. Dramatic performances. Bedford Hall, Bedford Avenue near Fulton St. Concerts, lectures and amateur theatricals. Columbia Theatre, Washington and Tillaiy Sts. Managed by E. F. Knowles & Co. for dramatic performances. Conservatory Hall, Bedford Avenue and Fulton Street. Music. Criterion Theatre, Fulton Street and Grand Avenue. Amateur theatricals. Everett Hall, Gallatin Place and Fulton Street. Lectures and music. Gayety Theatre, Broadway and Throop Avenue. Variety perform- ances. Grand Opera House, Elm Place near Fulton St. Dramatic perform- ances. Grand Theatre, i66 Grand Street, E. D. Variety performances. Historical Hall, Pierrepont and Clinton Sts., in the building of the Long Island Historical Society. Music and lectures. Huber & Gebhardt's Casino, io Elm Place. Variety performances. Hyde & Behman's Theatre, Adams St. and Myrtle Avenue. Variety performances. Jefferson Hall, Boerum Place near Fulton. Lecture, meetings, &c. Knickerbocker Hall. Clymer St. near Lee Avenue, E. D. Lectures, meetings, etc. Lee Avenue Theatre, Lee Avenue near Division Avenue. Dramatic performances. New Turn Hall, Sixteenth St. near Fifth Avenue. Amateur theat- ricals, music, etc. Park Theatre, Fulton St. opposite the City Hall. Managed by W. E. Sinn for dramatic performances. Lyceum Theatre, Montrose Avenue, corner of Leonard St., E. D. Dramatic performances. Proctor's Novelty Theatre, Driggs Avenue near South Fourt-h St., E. D. Dramatic performances. Rink, Clermont Avenue near Willoughby. Festivals, revival meetings, ba2d concerts, etc. I5ROOKLYN ENTERTAINMENTS. 21 Rivers' Assemuly Rooms, 143 South Eighth St., E, D. Music and social gatherings. S.ENGEKiiUNu Hall, Smith and Schermerhorn Sts. Music. Smithsonian Hall, Greenpoint and Manliattan Avenues. Lec- tures, etc. Star Theatre, Jay St. near Fulton. Managed by John W. Holmes for dramatic performances. Turn Hall, 71 Meserole St., E. D. Private theatricals, music, etc. In addition to the theatres and places of amusements above mentioned, the following are the public halls in Brooklyn: Acme, cor. 7th Ave. and gth St.; Adelphi, cor. Adelphi St. and Myrtle Ave.; AUemania, 313 Washing- ton St. ; Americus, Grand St. bet. Driggs and Bedford Ave. ; American, Ham- burg St. cor. Greene Ave.; Arcanum, 407 Bridge St.; Arlington, Gates and Nostrand Aves. ; Armory, Myrtle and Clermont Aves.; Ariori, Wall St. near Broadway. ; Arvena, gth St. and 6th Ave. ; Assembly Rooms, Washington near MjTtle Ave. ; Assembly Rooms, 19th St. cor. 5th Ave. ; Association, 253 Manhattan Ave., Atlantic, 137 Court St.; Aurora Grata Cathedral, Bed- ford Ave. cor. Madison St.; Bartholdi, Greenpoint near Manhattan Ave.; Bennett's Casino, Alabama and Fulton Aves. ; Cecilian, Herbert cor. N. Henry St.; Central, 351 Fulton St.; Chandler's, 300 Fulton St.; Colfax, Bed- ford cor. Vanderbilt Ave. ; Columbia, Union St. cor. 5th Ave.; Common- wealth, 317 Washington St.; Co-o]Derative, Howard Ave. and Madison St.; Cooper, Cooper St. and Bushwick Ave. ; Day's, cor. 3d Ave. and 54th St. ; Daly's, 9th Ave. and 20th St.; Eckford, Calyercor. Eckford St.; Eureka, 37, Bedford Ave. ; Feltman's Tivoli, 5th Ave. and 2dSt. ; Fifth Ave. Casino, Fifth Ave. near Union St. ; Granada, 12S Myrtle Ave.; Grand Army Hall. Bedford Ave. cor. N. 2d St.; Greenwood, 5th Ave. cor. gth St.; GospeJ Gates Ave. near Marcy; Happ's Neptune, Liberty Ave. and Wyona St. Heiser's Assembly Rooms, Broadway near Bedford Ave.; Humboldt, Hum- boldt St. and Montrose Ave. ; Liberty, East New York Ave. ; Masonic Tem- ple, Grand cor. Havemeyer St.; Matthews, Leonard cor. Scholes St.; Mes- erole, 125 Meserole St.; Maujer's Casino, Maujer St.; Myers, cor. Union and Johnson Aves.; Military, Leonard cor. Scholes St.; Moore's, 5th Ave. cor. 23d St. ; New Everett Assembly Rooms, Bridge cor. Willoughby St. ; New Brooklyn Turn, Sumpter St. near Saratoga Ave. ; Pouch Gallery, 345 Clinton Ave. • Palace Rink, Grand St. near Berry St.; Park Circle, gth Ave. cor. 15th S: Remsen, Court cor. Remsen St.; Reese's, 217 Court St.; Renwar, Wil- loughby Ave. and Broadway. ; Ritter's, 83 Barclay St. ; River's Academy, State cor. Court St. ; Robinson's, Gates Ave. and Downing St. ; Sanger- bund, Meserole cor. Ewen St. ; SchieUein's, Atlantic cor. Vermont Ave. ; Templars', 467 5th Ave. ; Teutonia, Harrison Ave. cor. Bartlett St. ; Tietjen's, 154 Broadway; TivoH, 8th St. bet. 3d and 4th Aves. ; Tuttle's, 228 Grand St.; Tossing, Reid Ave. and Jefferson St. ; Union Sa3nger, Ewen and Mese- role Sts. ; Veteran, 123 Smith St. ; Veteran, g2 Meserole St.; Washington, Myrtle Ave. cor. Navy St. ; Washington, S31 Broadway; Waverly, Waverly and Myrtle Ave.; Weinlander's Academy, 290 Court St. ; Wilbur, Fulton St and Brooklyn Ave.; Wigwam, 4th Ave. near 19th St.; Wurzler's, 315 Wash- ington St. BROOKLYN'S SOClAb LIFE. Its Clubs, Functions and Leaders — History of its Sets — All Merging now Into Gay Harmony. To understand fully and completely the complex organization of Brook- lyn society as it is to-day one needs to have lived in a country town and to have studied its conditions. Within the past ten years social life in Brook- lyn has become metropolitan, but its evolution has been that of the village, grown at last out of its childhood. Its society is the most peculiar phase of Brooklyn life, for its growth and its advancement have been unique. Briefly put, in 1870 Brooklyn socially was a collection of little ex-towns or districts, fighting among themselves for supremacy, and all envious of the set on the site of the old village along the water front. The year 1 893 sees these elements being fused together and the sectional lines becoming obliterated. New York, from the days of good old Peter Stuyvesant, had a distinct social standing of its own. It was a city even in those tinies when Wall street marked the hne between farms and streets. But on this side of the river the conditions were just the reverse. In 1834 the village of Brooklyn was incorporated as a city; in 1855 the towns of Williamsburgh and Bush- wick were added to it, welding the scattering districts into a harmonious whole. The population in i860 was over a quarter of a million, its com- merce was well advanced, its water front was the center of as busy a life as America can boast of. But, in spite of this material prosperity, the social life remained town-like, and a few old families in a single section held the real keys to it. As the Dutch took Holland many years ago, so did they take Brooklyn. Nassau Island — that was what Long Island was called at first — was settled by Mjmheer and his vrauw, who built and farmed over the whole of what is now Kings County. Their descendants retain much of the same land even to-day. There are farms on the outskirts of the city — in New Utrecht, Canarsie and Flatlands — that have come down to their present owners in an unbroken line. The English domination of Manhattan Island had little effect upon these Dutch settlers. Phlegmatically they submitted to the authority of the Duke of York, and quietly kept on planting and digging. The English soldiery, busy with the affairs of the town across the inver, did not find it worth its while to bother with this farming community. So, rather shut off from the outer Avorld, the Dutch founded Kings County, and the little cluster of houses about what is now the foot of Fulton street became the nucleus of Brooklyn town. Before the Revolution the village amounted to barely more than a country "crossroads" of to-day. In 1790, after Independence was declared, it numbered only 1,600. But about this time the "boom" began. Ten years later the population had in- creased one-half, and in 1820 it footed up to over 7,000. Twenty years after the town — now a city — was five times that size. Until the Revolution, the old Dutch families made up all that there was of Brooklyn and of the County of Kings. These old memories are still pre- served in the annual dinners given by the St. Nicholas Society of Nassau Island, an association 300 strong, with its membership limited to those BROOKLYN'S SOCIAL LIFE. 23 descended wholly or in part from the Dutchmen who lived on the Island previous to 17S6. Even after the "foreign element" came in, the Dutch continued to hold the social reins, and remained in a sense "patroons" and the "aristocracy." Society at lirst was essentially the society of a rural community. In the old Dutch days the chief amusement and dissipation was that of tea drinking, which, if the historians tell the truth, the men entered into as heartily as the women. It seems somewhat of a return to those times when it is recalled that afternoon teas are the most popular of Brooklyn amuse- ments to-day. The custom of interchanging visits on Sunday afternoons was prevalent, and swains and belles found the Sabbath the time to make hay in matters of wooing. Marriages were then civil affairs and times of great display. Publicly proclaiming the banns had fallen into disrepute, but it was necessary to get a license from the Governor before a wedding could take place. As far back as 1673 an officer was stationed in New York (his jurisdiction extending over the whole of Long Island) his sole duty being the determination of matrimonial disputes. He was known as the "First Commissioner of Marriage Affairs," and the office was kept up for many years. The amusements of the town and country folk at these times were many and various. Special days and seasons were observed with much hi- larity. Christmas was kept after the fashion of "Merrie England," with the Yule log and the Christmas candles. But it was the patron St. Nicholas, or Santa Klaes, that came the nearest to their hearts, and there is one cus- tom of that season that has never been omitted or lost its force in the slight- est, since the day the first white man landed on Nassau Island — that of hanging up the stockings on Christmas eve. The custom of New Year's calls, which, during the eighteen-seventies, was carried on in Brooklyn with an opulence and an enthusiasm co-equal with that on Manhattan Island, also originated with the early Dutch. The Dutchmen, however, made a far greater affair of it. New Year's eve was made noisy by the firing of guns, elaborate refreshments were served, and later people trooped to a common rendezvous where a gala night was made of it. There were athletic sports, all manner of games and shooting at the target. This revelry was finally stopped by legal enactment. Society to- day has cut off New Year's as a time of visits, and very many people spend the mid-winter holidays at the winter resorts, for which dozens of small parties are made np, and the only way the social world recognizes that season IS when the chimes of "Watch Night" calls it into the churches. St. Valentine's Day was known as "Vrouwendagh," and was an hour of high carnival. The maidens carried lengths of cord, knotted, and gave the young men "love taps" as they passed. The custom of "Valentines" arose some years later (it can hardly be traced to Dutch sources, however) and be- came both expensive and extensive before it went finally out of date. Easter Day — " Paasch — " a time of religious service and merrymaking, was continued through Easter week, with its chief feature the presentation of Easter eggs. The first Monday in June was observed as a time of great good cheer. "Pinckster Day " (Pentecost) was celebrated with banquets of soft waffles. After the beginning of the Ninteenth Century the Dutch began to lose their individuality. A strong little town was growing up at their feet. Brooklyn itself was younger than the rest of the county. Flatlands had been settled in 1636 under the name of New Amersfoort, Gravesend in 24 CITIZEN GUIDE. 1640, Gowanus and Wallabout in 1646. Neither Gowanus nor Wallabout can fairly be included in the first settlement of Brooklyn. That was around Fiilton Ferry, and as the town grew it extended up along the line of Ful- ton street, tnen a cow path, until, at the inauguration of the city government in 1834, City Hall Square marked its boundaries. Beyond that all was field and wood. These historical details are needed to show the lines along which Brooklyn society has evolved. From early in the century until i860 the social life was in a state of transition. The village grew, and it became a great city commercially, but still the village life remained. Foreign ele- ments poured in — chiefly the English and New Englanders — taking the edge off of the Dutch customs and finally destroying them altogether. In the new Brooklyn — the Brooklyn of progression — two elements became at once most pronounced, the Quakers and the New Englanders. It was a working town, a town of mechanics and poor people, and the days of society were yet to come. It needed the second and the third generations of these old Brook- lynites, with wealth and local family at their backs, to start a social life. The Dutch farmers for the most part remained quietly among them- selves. A fusion of these elements had to come, but it has taken many years. It is gradually growing more complete. There are old families on the edges of the county to-day who hold themselves aloof from the life of Brooklyn and who will never come into the city life until the city reaches them. In the eighteen-twenties Brooklyn came into her " Lyceum Days." It is a stage that every city, except those magically built ones of the new West, experiences, and Brooklyn's " Lyceum Days" do not differ from those of any other town. But they have this point of especial interest to-day, that in 1829 the Hamilton Literary Society was founded. From 1S30 to 1870 nearly every prominent man was at some time a member of this good old debating association. In the forties and the fifties it was very strong and powerful. Its public meetings, when it gave them, were most essentially social red letter nights. It gathered together a library that is now of ex- ceptional value and interest, and then, about 18S2, when Brooklyn had come fully into her own socially, surrendered to the new motif of the city's life and became the Hamilton Club, The Hamilton, though, was not by any means the first of these social organizations, nor the beginning of the city's club life. Late in the fifties the old Long Island Club was started. Active politics proved its ruin, and from its debns was formed the Brooklyn Club. A touch of politics, but not a distasteful one, clings around this latter or- ganization. Like the Hamilton, its rolls are crowded with prominent names and the two vie with each other in point of exclusiveness. Through all these "Lyceum Days" the social life was sporadic and without distinctiveness. There was no time, and there was still less money. The great New York merchants, who later on planted themselves on the Heights, and with their sons and daughters started a society that has lived, were then at the very beginning of their careers. The Lows and the Lymans, the Pierreponts, the Whites, the Prentices, the Sangers, the Pol- hemuses, the Litchfields, and many more, were at that time families to be made. The whole of the city could then have been compressed — this in 1840 — into less than what the Second and Fourth Wards now occupy. There was a scattering fringe along the base of the First Ward. The "aristocracy" of the town was massed together on Sands street, and Brooklyn Heights. "Clover Hill," as the early villagers called it, was simply a bluff , with a BROOKLYN'S SOCIAL LIFE. 25 magnificent view, without a house, so far as history tells, and covered with a grove of cedar and locust. Yet this was where the Brooklyn society of to- day was born. The war was the real starting point of the social life of Brooklyn. Fashion had set itself upon the Heights, the houses of the New York mer- chants, wealthy now, overlooking their warehouses, filled with the precious products of the East. The leading lights of the East India trade were gathered here, and many of those who had not already made fortunes, literally coined money while the war lasted. Nearly "everybody," in a social sense, lived in this part of the town during the sixties. The Bedford section and the Park Slope were merely fields and meadows. If there were "aristocrats" in the Eastern District they certainly did not come over to the Heights, and they had no society of their own. A few fine semi-country mansions stood on Clinton avenue, and were occupied by some charming people. But very few of them were bidden into Heights parlors and the Hill "set" was not yet. But about 1865 the region around Clinton and Washington avenues became much sought after. In an incredibly short space of time these two streets were settled nearly from end to end. Many of these mansions are standing to-day, and it was then that the "Hill" really commenced its building up. "South Brooklyn" al this time was more a name than anything else. It had no set of its own, and the families of the m.agnates of First Place went in the Heights circles. Thus the little "set" of the Heights — a set of English, Dutch, New England and Quaker blood — made up the first formal society of the city. They set the ball a-roUing superbly, too, their entertainments being given upon a lavish scale. It was an age of "open house," according to the old Knickerbocker ideas, long before the era of dancing classes and fashionable balls in public halls. The houses were the great mansions of the time gone by, with long, wide, unbroken parlors and big halls. There were no tete- e-tete corners in the homes of these merchants of the sixties, and their houses seemed built for receiving people and making merry. Originality and a constant change of entertainment was the keynote of the society of those days. There was nothing fixed and cut and dried about the arrangements of a night. In 1864 (the year it came to New York) the cotillon, then known as the "German," because it was imported direct from the " Vaterland," commenced to be danced in Brooklyn. For any dancing af- fair it gained absolute domination. People were fascinated with its evolu- tions, and it went far toward building up society firmly and strongly. Either the old Entre Nous, the pioneer of all dancing classes, meeting m Dodsworth's Montague Street Dancing Academy, went to popularize it, or it went to popularize the Entre Nous. However this was, the "German" of the sixties was a most elaborate affair, both as regards figures and favors. Flowers were used in profusion and the "properties" were unique indeed. Another form of amusement of the time was parlor theatricals. The great amateur societies of the town were not in existence then, nor had " play acting " come into general vogue among the people. The social set of the Heights seized upon it readily and with interest. Series after series of quaint little farces, such as " The Loan of a Lover " ai;d " Ici on Parle Francais," were played in Heights drawing-rooms year after year. Later, in the seventies, amateur opera was once or twice attempted and always with success. But, as the big amateur companies formed themselves, pros- pered, and gave frequent performances in public halls, society rather dropped the " boards." 26 CITIZEN GUIDE. The feature of interest of those times was the early hours kept. As a rule, a dance was over shortly after midnight; it must be a very wonderful and beautiful ball indeed that kept up its revelry long beyond that. One of the most noted and popular houses on the Heights was the home of a typical Quaker. He was liberal in his views, his home was the centre of private theatricals, frequent dancing parties were given there, and his daughter was one of the most brilliant of the Heights belles. But at every gather- ing, at precisely 11:30, he would instruct the musicians to play "Home, Sweet Home." Of such were the social life and manners of 1S60-70. The Casket Sociables, held at private houses, first organized the social interests. If there were like assemblages earlier than these, they have made no impression and had no real strength or power. The Entre Nous, already mentioned, lasted with its large membership for many years. The Sanitary Fair, continuing for some weeks, and held in the Academy of Music and Knickerbocker Hall, over the way, with a bridge spanning Mon- tague street, was the social event, par exccllejice, of the early sixties. Its Board of Directresses included every woman of position in the town ; its selling power was enormous; it paid into the treasury of the Sanitary Com- mission $400,000. It was the direct progenitor of the Academy fairs for the last twenty years, which have led as social events, and only now have just seen their day. They will be referred to again below. The Art Receptions and the Charity Balls marked the years of the sev- enties. These Art Receptions were gorgeous affairs. The Art Association had just completed its handsome Gothic building, the laymen managed the social and financial interests, the artists constituted the hanging committee, and got together fine loan collections each year. The pictures were hung in the Assembly Rooms, the Academy parquet was floored over and made into a brilliant ballroom. A promenade concert always inaugurated the evening. These receptions were continued until about 1876, when other social interests caused them to be dropped. Of the same era were the brilliant Charity Balls. They rivaled in in- terest those across the river (it is said that a Brooklyn man, he who headed the management of the first one, was also the originator of these famous New York dances). No finer affairs have ever been seen in Brooklyn. Though not so exclusive as the Ihpetonga, they were larger, of more mag- nificence and the chief events of a very full social era. They were planned by the women of the board of managers of the Home for Destitute Chil- dren, and were given for the benefit of all the principal charities of the town, the very large profits being divided proportionately. Thus they ap- pealed to the entire community. Both the balcony and the dress circle of the Academy were cut up into boxes fo;: the very first time in Brooklyn's life. As at the Art Reception, the parquet was floored over, and the view of these many box fronts from the dancing floor was only less beautiful than the floor itself. The sixties were marked by dignified and charming evening parties; with the seventies "afternoon receptions" came in, the immediate forerun- ners of the modern teas. Simplicity became the great cry. It got to be the fashion to serve light refreshments. A host on the Heights once de- clared in semi-ridicule that the whole expense attendant on a certain enter- tainment was only fourteen dollars. This simplicity extended even to dress. Elaborate toilets were as a rule discarded for plain street cos- tumes, and for a few years "evening parties" were almost lost sight of. FULTON SX.FEC])M,.TltilE. BREOGE TOXLAREE.ST* BANK— SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY. THE ROOKLYN Bank Capital and Surplus, $500,000, * In its New Fireproof Building, Corner of Fnlton and Clinton Streets, Offers every facility to customers consistent ^ivitli SOU ND BANK ING. . OFFICERS : " HENRY E. HUTCHINSON, President. THOMAS M. HALSEY, Cashier. DIRECTORS : Henry P. Morgan, Joseph S. Hibbler, William Sinclair, John Ditmas, Jr. JohirLefferts, Timothy Hogan, Elias Lewis, Jr. George P. Sheldon, Clement Lockitt, George W. Bergen, Thomas H. Messenger, Frederick Jansen, Henry E Hutchinson. _^____ The Long Island Safe ^♦♦♦^ Deposit Company, CORNER OF FULTON AND CLINTON STREETS, :^ n. o <3 isxj "s- 3xr. FIRE AND BURGLAR PROOF VAULTS. Safes Rented from $5 to $100. SPECIAL DEPOSITS OF SILVERWARE & VALUABLE ARTICLES, AT LOW RATES. Seipanrat;© I^ooms ±o:c Ladies, Clement Lockitt, Pres. Thos. H. Messenger, V. Pres. A.J.Ditma8,Sec.andTreas. DIRECTORS. Henry H. Adams, Hem-y E. Hutchmson, John French, Edward D. White, John Lefferts, John Ditmas, Jr. D. W. Northup, Thos. T. Barr. John J. Barnier, Wm. Sinclair, Thos. Everit, Wm. F. Merrill, D. D. Whitney, Wm. H. Williams, Thos. H. Messenger, Chas. T. Corwin, Geo. W. Bergen, S Warren Sneden, Fred'k Jansen, Clement Lockitt, Elias Lewis, Jr., John Bimce, James M. Fuller, Abraham I. Ditmas, Henry K, Sheldon, Wm. M. Van xVuden. BROOKLYN'S SOCIAL LIFE. 27 One of the Important minor organizations of this period was a "Beok Club," composed of women of the Heights, who, accompanied by their hus- bands, met fortnightly for literary discussion. Books were purchased by a chosen committee, and went the rounds from house to house. In the meantime, through all these years, the Hill had been growing and founded a "set" of its own. Clinton avenue was its sectional backbone; it was bounded by DeKalb avenue, Grand and Fulton avenues and South Elliott place. Sectional disputes immediately arose. People of wealth were in the new section, they gave expensive and beautiful entertainments, the parades after church showed the onlooker exquisite frocks, and some of the hnest equipages in the city were driven by these uptown families. Verj' largely the Hill set was made up of new residents; they were not, as the term is, "Old Brooklynites." The cotillon flourished among them, and, in all probability, there were more Germans danced uptown during the seventies than there were on the Heights. In spite of all that could be done, however, the two "sets" would not come together. Oil and water could have been mixed more readily. These "sets" were so far apart, in fact, that a good deal of feeling was caused. There was rivalry and jealousy, and a decided cliqueism. Society at that period was showing its inland town characteristics, and the remedy has not been found till recently, when metropolitanism has gained hold. Other "sets" came upon the scene. The South Brooklyn people had a "set" — and a very successful one — of their own. This has since died out, and is known no more. The Eastern District people, about the fountain in Bedford avenue, backed by a literary and musical clique among them, founded a coterie that has a good deal of power to-day. The Bedford sec- tion — what might be called the "upper hill" — has its own dances and enter- tainments and even dancing classes. And, last of all. Prospect Heights, the Park Slope, has won itself social recognition. More nearly than anything else the Park Slope corresponds to the new "West Side of New York. Fifteen years ago the buildings on it were scat- tering, both few and far between. From the old Litchfield mansion in the Park, now the office of the Park Superintendent, there was a superb view of the bay across vacant lots. Now the streets are lined with handsome houses, two of the leading clubs of the town are located there, and the sec- tion has won its social position from the people who live in it. That the sectional lines are being so thoroughly obliterated to-day is due to the clubs and the big Academv fairs, or their successors, the great dances for charit3^ There is not an important club in Brooklyn that does not number men from all the social districts. Over cigars or the whist table, in the cafe, or else at one of the Inter-Club Bowling or Whist League meets, these men have become acquainted and learned that there are peo- ple worth knowing in the other "sets." Working side by side for charity at one of the great fairs, these men's wives and daughters have learned ex- actly the same thing. The three or four great Academy Bazaars a season of several years ago have brought Hill, Heights and Slope together as noth- ing else would have done. These fairs were the successors of the Sanitary Fair and the great Charity Balls. Brooklyn has no great public balls to-day nor has it had for a number of years. The fashion runs to more select affairs. Once each season, though, the Emerald Ball for the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum and the Hebrew Ball for the Hebrew Orphan Asylum are danced, always with the greatest financial success and in the midst of splen- did decorations. The "civic set" is out in full force on these occasions. 28 CITIZEN GUIDE. From about 1875 to 1S90 the Academy fairs went off with unbounded social success. They were a financial success because society had set her seal of approval on them, the leading women of the city were behind the booths, the prettiest maidens in the flower bowers and garbed as waitresses. The Homoeopathic Hospital, the Industrial School and the Orphan Asylum were the three leading institutions benefited. To indicate how well charity has drawn the social sets together it is only neces- sary to glance at the roll of the Homoeopathic Hospital's "Ladies' Aid." For the past two seasons great amateur musical and dancing perform- ances have, to an extent, superseded the time-honored fair. The Heights has given "Fasching Thursday in Venice," the HiU "Living Whist," the Park Slope "The Kir mess." The Carnival of Opera this past season was another of these great affairs and one of much artistic merit. These enter- tainments call out the best people of the town, both on the stage and in the seats. The list of patronesses marks their social importance and their suc- cess. The Academy of Music is always their scene. The era of dancing classes, the chief and the important events in the social life of the Brooklyn of the present, commenced in the fall of 1881 with a series of Bachelor Germans on the Heights. There never was more of a misnomer than this word dancing, class. It smacks of the heel-and-toe school down in the lecture room of the old Brooklyn Institute years ago, where the fashionable little misses and masters all went to learn grace and deportment. That this word does not give these dances their true name has been recently recognized, and the two leading classes of the city — the Heights, meeting in Remsen Hall, and the Prospect Heights, meeting in the Pouch Gallery, now dub themselves "Assemblies." The Heights "class" — for as such it was known then — was organized in the fall of 1886. Practically the same set as that which made up the Bachelor Germans composed it. The same year the Hill "set "formed a " class " under the name of the " Cotillons " and ran it for four years under the same roof where the Heights danced, in Remsen Hall. In 1887 the Prospect Heights " class " gave its first cotillon up in Johnston Hall. Since that day there have not been many changes to recall. The Heights as- sembly still meets in Remsen Hall, though last year it held its dances in the ballroom of the Germania Club, and numbers seventy couples. The Hill " class " was absorbed by the Prospect Heights in 1889, and the amal- gamated organizations, under the name of the Prospect Heights, now give three dances a year in the Pouch Gallery, with about the same membership as that of the Heights. There are other "dancing classes" besides — for by this name the smaller must still be called — dances organized only for a season and sub- scription cotillons by the score. But only one other has made itself per- manent and won itself a name — the Tuesday Evening Subscription dances — the dance of the younger set of Hill and Slope, now in its third season, and, while not ambitious in its scope, pretty, jolly and full of life. Thus the "assemblies" and " classes" stand as the dominating features of social life. Their big cotillons, splendidly led, for there are true masters of the German in Brooklyn, have overshadowed and taken the place of the pretty cotillons once danced b}^ the dozen in private houses. The German of the great ballroom has size and completeness, color and life. The parlor German has not entirely died out, of course, but not nearly as many of them are given as there were fifteen years ago. People's energies BROOKLYN'S SOCIAL LIFE. 29 are concentrated now on the assemblies, and each year sees these danced in a more complete and enjoyable way. The season blocks itself out early in November. The whole social framework reveals itself at a glance by the time December ist has come. The assemblies and the small " classes " have fixed their dates, the nights of the great "charity performances" are given out, the evening of the Ihpetongaball, which is to Brooklyn what the Patriarchs is to New York, is named. On this skeleton the fabric of house dances, dinners, " at homes " and " afternoon teas" is built. Dove taihng in with these, wherever they can best be put, are set the annual club receptions " to wives, daughters and sweethearts " and the weddings, so well arranged generally that it is seldom that two important events take place on the same night. The mode of entertaining differs little from that of across the river. Brooklyn is metropolitan from the social standpoint nowadays. By the time the year igoo comes around it is certain there will not be a vestige of the old-time ' 'sets." The "afternoon tea" is stronger than ever and the chief house enter- tainment of the hour. The once popular card clubs have lost their force, and "progressive games" are out of date. An occasional private baU of great magnificence is given, but these are rare, and there is seldom more than one a season. The power of the clubs in making up the new Brooklyn has already been alluded to. It should be added that this social course is strengthened by admitting women to certain parts of the clubhouses at all times. The Riding and Driving Club, whose members come from every social section of the city, has gained immense power in society. It has the leading men and women of Brooklyn on its rolls, and its music rides and ring evolutions by the members themselves each Wednesday night, are watched from the galleries by a most fashionable throng. This club has not its counter- part anywhere in the world. It is distinctively a Brooklyn organization and one of great influence. Family is largely the key to entering therein. It has recently covered itself with glory by giving Brooklyn's first horse show. The Ihpetonga is the one great ball of the town, and is danced but once a year. The Patriarchs itself is not more exclusive and select. It is a loosely bound organization, composed of sixty men of the Heights. The subscription fee is §50, and this gives the management three thousand dol- lars to spend on a single evening. The Art Association and the Assembly Rooms are completely transformed with the most elaborate decorations. Last season the Art Room was done in red and gold. This season it ^yas turned into an Empire ballroom in gi-een and gold and white, glittering with sno\^'y cornices, mirrors and hundreds of electric globes. An elabo- rate "sitting-down" supper is always serv'ed at little tables in the Assembly Rooms, which are set as a garden Avith palms and flowers for relief to the eyes, and contrast. The Ihpetonga ball is the night beyond all else of new frocks for Brooklyn women, and the costumes of the town are seen on that evening. The cotillon is danced just after supper, commencing at about half past one. Each subscriber has the privilege of five guests. The asso- ciation was formed in 1886. It i - through family that admission to the inner circle of Brooklyn soci- ety is gained. IMoney avails not at all, locality of residence -comparatively little. Yet a home on the Heights has both meaning and power to it. It is by no means a sure and certain key to the magic door, but it goes a ■very gfireat ways. eLUBS AND ASSOeiATIONS* The Leading Social, Literary, Scientific and Political Organizations of Brooklyn — Their Character, Membership and Homes. The clubs and associations of Brooklyn are, beyond a doubt, the most remarkable feature of " the city across the river." They embrace in their scope every possible interest, be it of work or of play. Where the power and the finances of an organization are not extended enough to allow of a permanent abode, its members resolutely meet in leased rooms, or even in each other's houses. It is very rare indeed for a Kings County club to go out of existence. The club and the association are the recognized enthu- siasms of Brooklyn life, and chiefest among its amusements. As a whole, the clubs proper have not the elegance without and within of their contemporaries on Manhattan Island. But they are more home- like and cheery, and the members know each other far better. Camera- derie is the essential feature of the Brooklyn club. Science, politics and the arts are well represented in the societies. Literature holds its own, though in a small way. Musically, the singing societies and their contin- ual work have made this the city of choral song. Clul>s that are Purely SociaL Algonquin Club. — The leading social organization of South Brooklyn. The club is small, but its membership is carefully made up and nearly all on its rolls are residents of that part of the city. It has the old Lyall mansion on President street; there are ten non-resident and very nearly 150 resident members. It was incorporated in June, 1SS9. Aurora Grata. — The Masons' Club of Brooklyn, and of great success. It was organized in May, 1887, under most unique conditions. Aurora Grata Lodge of Perfection, founded in 1S06, bought the Old Dutch Re- formed Church and parsonage at the corner of Bedford avenue and Madi- son street in that month of that year. The church was turned into a Scot- tish Rite Cathedral, and the parsonage was immediately disposed of by thirty of the master masons forming themselves into a club. It was not until March, 1891, though, that the building was fuUy fitted up and a " house-warming " given. It is almost as much a woman's club as a man's, since the fair sex have one day out of every week. Only members of Aurora Grata Lodge are eligible to membership ; 321 men are on its rolls. Bedford Club. — Founded in 1S83. Its objects are purely social and fra- ternal. Present membership 200. House, 634 Classon avenue. Brooklyn Club. — A most exclusive organization, famed for its cuisine. More elaborate little dinners have been given in its rooms, it is said, than at any other club in town. It claims to be the oldest distinctively social organization in Brooklyn, and this claim has not been as yet disproved. It was incorporated April 24, 1865, and immediately moved into its present quarters at the corner of Clinton and Pierrepont streets. Five years ago the adjoining building was purchased and the whole remodeled and refit- ted at an expense of many thousand dollars. Its tone is distinctively ♦For fall list of clubs and associations see Citizen Almanac. The most prominent only are given here. CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS. 31 civic, the judges and city ofl&cials being included in its membership. This has given the club a marked Democratic tinge in contra-distinction to the Repubhcan Union League. It numbers 325 members. Carleton Cluu. — The first of the Park Slope clubs to come into exist- ence, it being incorporated March 24, 1881. It has a small but tasteful house at the corner of Sixth avenue and St. Mark's place. Its original by- laws at first prohibited the drinking of anything stronger than coffee in the house; they were afterward modified to include malt liquors, and recently the entire proviso \vas done away with. This club is chiefly noted for having organized the bowling and whist tournaments of this winter, which have completely metamorphosed Brooklyn clubdom. Membership 190. Columbian Club. — Membership limited to those of the Catholic faith. Exceedingly flourishing to-day, with a membership of nearly 350. It was organized in St. Augustine's parish by about 50 of the worshippers there, in 18S1, Its first clubhouse was on Gallatin place. When the Hamilton Club moved to its new building in 1S84, the Columbian took possession of its old quarters at the corner of Clinton and Joralemon streets. In May, 1 891, the present house at the corner of Hanson place and South Portland avenue was first occupied. Constitution Club. — A purely social club, but comprised of Democratic politicians alone. Politics are not usually discussed within its walls, though coups have undoubtedly been planned there. Location, 48 Willoughby street, near the Hall, "Boss" McLaughlin's old house. Organized, 1869, from the fire company, " Constitution No. 7," of the Fifth Ward. Itsmem- bei-ship roU contains many famous local names. Membership 169. Crescent Athletic Club. — In spite of its name, its excellent gymnasium and the finest non-collegiate football team in the country, distinctively a social organization. It was founded as a football club in 18S5 by twenty Brooklynites, most of whom had played on college teams. Its first rooms were on the southwest corner of Clinton street and Montague, where it was definitely formed into an athletic club. In 1889 it consolidated with the Nereid Boat Club, and purchased the Van Brunt property at Bay Ridge. In the spring of 1890 it moved into its present city house, 71 Pierrepont street. Last spring it absorbed the Alcyone Boat Club (nearly 100 men). The Crescent's present strength is 1,400, which makes it one of the most powerful clubs in the country. Its country house, on the site of the old Van Brunt mansion (Eighty-third street), is hardly equaled in beauty any- where near New York. EcKEORD Club. — Founded in 1865 as a social club by Eastern District men, but for eleven years previous one of the finest amateur baseball or- ganizations in the Atlantic States. Has adopted the crest of the Eckford family of England for its seal. Its rooms are at 95 Broadway and its membership is 56. Excelsior Club.— Perhaps the most fraternal club' of the city. It has been well described as a "tight little corporation," for its membership is only about 100, and the members are old friends of many years standing. Report has it that the Excelsior is the most difficult club in town to get into. It was organized in 1S54, but for many years devoted itself .steadfastly to the interests of baseball. Its house is at the corner of Livingston and Clin- ton streets. Field and Marine Club.— A country club located at Bath Beach, with its membership drawn largely from Brooklyn. The three houses are kept open throughout the year, but only in the summer months are they made 32 CITIZEN GUIDE. use of to any extent. The club has sleeping accommodations for 70 mem- bers. One of its features is an out-of-door dining-room, commanding a superb view of the Lower Bay. There is no initiation fee, and membership is only to be had by buying, with the club's approval, one of the existing certificates of membership. The transfer fee is $25. Organized 1885; membership 320. Germania Club. — The "swell" Teutonic club of Brooklyn, There is a provision in its by-laws which says that at least 75 per cent, of its mem- bers must be able to converse in German. It has on the upper floors of its house the most perfect supper and dancing rooms in the city. The danc- ing hall is also provided with a stage, 50x30, on which professionals as well as amateurs have appeared. An "open entertainment" is given about once in every three weeks, and there is nearly always a New Year's ball. Masques are also excessively popular. Organized July 26th, i860; incor- porated 1862; house, 120 Schermerhom street; number of members 516. Hamilton Club. — The most exclusive and carefully guarded club of the city. It possesses an admirably arranged clubhouse at the comer of Remsen and Clinton streets, and the only adequate library to be found in Brooklyn. This library came over from the old Hamilton Literary Asso- ciation (founded in 1830, in Brooklyn's " Lyceum Days"), which was merged into the Hamilton Club at its founding in 18S2. There is an annual dinner on January nth, in honor of the birthday of Alexander Hamilton. Mem- bership nearly 700. Hanover Club. — The leading Eastern District social organization. It occupies the old Hawley mansion at the corner of Rodney street and Bed- ford avenue, recently added to and embellished. The members' wives and daughters have the privilege of the cafe and alleys in the mornings. Or- ganized i8go ; membership 430. Knickerbocker Club. — Originally a tennis organization founded in the spring of 1889. It has since, however, expanded, and is now a genuine social club. Its little house on the outskirts of Flatbush is being enlarged at an expense of $10,000. The tennis feature is still kept up on a beauti- fully cut lawn. There are 162 members, divided into three classes — senior, junior and women. A member's ticket gives all the club's privileges to his family. It is essentially a country club. Lawrence Club. — The leading Hebrew social club. It occupies the Dingee mansion, now moved from its Clinton avenue site to the corner of Waverly and Myrtle avenues. The informal entertainments and suppers of the club are its great charm. Organized 1887; incorporated iSgd; mem- bership 165. Lincoln Club. — Located on the " Upper Hill," at 65 and 67 Putnam avenue, and without specially distinctive qualities. Its membership is drawn from all over the city. It numbers many of the most clubable men of the town. Organized December, 1877; membership about 375. Manhanset Club. — Of recent organization and growth. Its member- ship is composed of the younger Park Slope element. House, 435 Ninth street. Midwood Club. — The most prominent social club of Flatbush, and one highly regarded by Brooklynites. Its house is the quaint and beautiful Clarkson mansion, built half a century ago, and surrounded by three acres of park. It is noted for its exquisite balls and set entertainments. An idea in the minds of its members is to eventually make it a " Driving Club " for Brooklyn people. Organized 1889; membership 80. CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS. CJ MoNTAUK Ci.UB. — The uptown club, par excellence. Its facade is the most artistic and unique in the city. A cleverly cut classic frieze showing in bas-relief the exploits of the Montauk Indians adorns the upper stories. Its women's dining rooms ai-e famed throughout the city for femmine luncheons, and the Montauk balls each season are eagerly looked forward to. It is the aknowledged rendezvous of the Park Slope set. House, Eighth avenue and Lincoln Place; organized 1S89 ; membership about 300. Oxford Club. — The oldest c\\ih on the "Hill." It was organized June 24th, 18S0, and has a membership of 350, drawing from all over the town. Its members are men of power and standing, and of thoroughly clubablc tone. A peculiar but well-working provision has recently been introduced. The initiation fee is $100, and every man who paid that sum previous to January, 1892, has the " privilege " of bringing in a friend without any entrance fee. Saturday night is " club night," and a formal entertainment takes place each month. Hoiise, 109 Lafayette avenue. Union Le.vgue Ci.ub. — As in the case of its namesake across the river, a Republican stronghold. The Brooklyn club, however, has more marked social aims. There is a movement, in fact, to break down the political barrier, and admit members purely on social lines. Its forte has been its great commemoration banquets and dinners to noted statesrnen. Finest location of any Brooklyn club. Superb women's receptions annually, and the centre of much social " Hill " life. Founded March 1st, 1SS8 ; location, Bedford avenue and Dean street ; membership 950. Waverly Young Men's Club. — Organized in the Washington avenue Baptist Church in 1891. The membership is not confined to any sect now, but a majority of the Board of Trustees must be members of that congre- gation. The keynote of the club is absolute temperance within its doors. Membership, 125; house, 459 Waverly avenue. Windsor Club. — An Eastern District organization with purely social aims. Founded 1878; membership 33; house, corner of Lee and Division avenues. Pi'iiicipal Political Clubs. Brooklyn Democratic Club. — An offshoot of the Young Men's Demo- cratic Club, 100 or more members seceding from that organization in the winter of 1887. Its aim is reform of the tariff and independent Democracy. Amalgamation with the Young Men's Club has been sought for but never reached. Early this year the club combined with the Cleveland and Stev- enson campaign clubs of Kings County. Present membership 500; head- quarters, 201 Montague street. Brooklyn Ballot Reform League. — An association rather than a club, formed for the purpose of introducing the Australian ballot into New York State. Rather inactive since the fall of 1S90, btit numbering 850 members, many of great prominence. Founded January, 1890; headquarters, 392 St. Mark's avenue. Brooklyn Revenue Reform Club. — 176 Columbia Heights. Owes its greatest fame to having been founded by Henry Ward Beecher, December, 1880. It held for many j^ears great public meetings and debates on the tariff. At present its activity is suspended. Membership 500. Brooklyn Single Tax Club. — A club with the sole purpose implied in its name. It was organized as the Henry George Land Club in 1887, and passed through many changes of name and difficulties until May, 1890, when as the Single Tax Club it moved into a house of its own at 19S "Living- 34 CITIZEN GUIDE. ston street. An immense quantity of literature is sent out by the club to propagate its theories. Present house, 35 Schermerhorn street ; member- ship 200. BusHwicK Democratic Club. — Formed of the old German Democratic General Committee in the campaign of 1889. It is very largely a social club, but politics is its fountain head. Its strongest hold is upon the upper wards of the city, but many prominent downtown politicians are in its ranks. The club has a very beautiful house on Bushwick avenue at the corner of Hart street. Incorporated October, 1890; membership 383. Lafayette Club. — A strong Republican club confined to Twentieth Ward men, located at the corner of DeKalb and Vanderbilt avenues. Or- ganized 1886; membership 175. Seymour Club. — A powerful Democratic club of social tendencies, de- voted during the fall of each year to do effective campaign work. Member- ship 540; organized 1891; incorporated 1892. ' (It occupies a fine and new house at 186 Bedford avenue.) Young Men's Democratic Club. — Founded October, 1880, for the pur- pose of bringing about municipal reform , tariff" reform and personal purity in politics. Headquarters, 44 Court street ; membership about 400. Young Republican Club. — Organized for the same purpose in April, 1881. Headquarters, Johnston Building, Fulton street and Flatbush avenue; membership 1800. Art Clubs. Brooklyn Art Association. — Established 1862 and incorporated 1864, for the purpose of cultivating the fine arts and founding a gallery of pic- tures and statuary. This gallery has never been established, but the asso- ciation has fine loan exhibitions every year, and now, in conjunction with the Brooklyn Institute's Department of Painting, is conducting a most suc- cessful art school. In addition, it has an excellent course of art lectures each winter. Its picture hall is frequently used for great social events. The association's "art receptions " in the early seventies were leading social functions. Membership about 250; building adjoining the Academy of Music. Brooklyn Art Club. — An association of about eighty artists, mainly of Brooklyn, but with some excellent New York names on the rolls, having yearly exhibitions in the picture hall of the Art Association. It w-as origi- nally known as the Brooklyn Art Social (founded 1862), and after several reorganizations took its present title in 18S6. Only self-supporting brush men are admitted to membership. Secretary's address, Hotel St. George. Brooklyn Art Guild. — *' For the encouragement of all things artistic" and the keeping up of an art school. Co-operates with the association in this work. Rooms, Ovington Building, 246 Fulton street. Organized 1880 ; membership 40. Rembrandt Club. — An exclusive association, limited to 100 men, who meet monthly at each other's houses and listen to papers read by well- known artists. Organized May, 1880. Literary Clubs. Brooklyn Chautauqua Union. — Formerly the Brooklyn Chautauqua Assembly. It was organized in 1886, is composed of twenty-nine circles, ruled over by a central committee, meeting every two months, and numbers 1,000 members. Seven lectures and entertainments are given during the CLUES AND ASSOCIATIONS. 85 winter, and each summci- there is a moonlight excursion and a special train run to Chautauqua and Niagara Falls. "Secretary's address, 279 Bal- tic street. Brooklyn Literary Union. — A successful association of Afro-Ameri- cans, meeting twice a month in Everett Hall, corner of Bridge and Wil- loughby streets, for the object of "general improvement."' Organized i3S6 ; membership 400. Brooklyn Philosophical Society. — Object, propagation of knowledge, practical and philosophic. Rooms, 118 South Eighth street; membership 50; founded 1878. Brooklyn Press Club. — Fraternal and journalistic. A " Pocket Edi- tion of the New York Press Club." House, 171 State street; organized 1S92 ; membership 120. Bryant Literary Society. — Musical and literary in its aims. A series of entertainments are given each winter in Association Hall. The mem- bership includes the best people of the Park Slope, and there are now about 1,000 subscribers. The society at first met in the members' houses, then filled the lecture room of the Memorial Presbyterian Church, and finally had to seek a hall. Organized 1878. Bush Literary Society. — Founded 1888; membership go; meeting place, Phoenix Hall, South Eighth street. Franklin Literary Society. — The oldest and most famous of such or- ganizations in Brooklyn. Since the absorption of the Hamilton it has taken its place. The Franklin has served its chief part as a training school for many of the best of Brooklyn's orators and statesmen. Its rooms are 111 the Hamilton Building, 44 Court street, where the Hamilton was for many years. Its vigor to-day is unimpaired. Active membership 90; founded 1S64. Long Island Historical Society. — An influential and valuable asso- ciation of nearly 1,500 members, founded in 1863. It has a very beautiful building at the corner of Clinton and Pierrepont streets (first occupied in iSSo), containing a fine concert and lecture hall, an admirable reference library, and a museum of natural and physical relics of Long Island of in- calculable value, and arranged on scientific lines by Elias Lewis, Jr. Mrs. Field's Literary Club. — A society of well-to-do women, mem- bers of Mrs. Mary A. Field's Literary Classes. Meetings are held once a month at the members' houses, when luncheon is served and papers on various phases of literature are read. Annually, there is a reception to some celebrity in the world of books. Marion Crawford was the club's last guest. Organized 1SS2; membership 84. Y. M. C. A. Li terary Society. — Meets in the association lecture room on Saturday evenings. Organized 1887; membership 30. Scieutific and Learned Societies. Brooklyn Academy of Medicine. — A small association of physicians for mutual improvement. Membership about 125. Brooklyn Academy ok Photocm-iai'HY. — The leading camera society in the city, and including within its membership the chief experts with the " little black box." Since its organization in 1SS7 it has absorbed several smaller organizations, and it now numbers 120 men ; women are not ad- mitted to its membership. Frequent lectures and exhibitions are given in the Brooklyn Art Association rooms. Rooms 177 Montague street. 36 CITIZEN GUIDE. Brooklyn Dental Society. — For the advancement of the art of den- tistry. Rooms, 356 Bridge street; membership 58. Brooklyn Ethical Society. — A unique organization meeting bi- monthly on Sunday evenings in the Second Unitarian Church, Clinton and Congress streets. Its purpose is purely that of ethical and philosophical investigation. Papers are read by noted men and a discussion follows. Founded 1881; membership about 200. Brooklyn Gynaecological Society. — An organization of experts for special scientihc study. Membership about 50; rooms, 356 Bridge street. Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences.— An association abso- lutely unique in its broad scope and comprehensive aims. When its new building on the Park Slope is completed and tenanted, it will have the space for a gallery of art and scientific and natural collections, for all of which preparation is now being made. At present it conducts its work by means of lectures and occasional exhibits under the auspices of some one or other of its twenty-five departments. Each of these departments has its own organization, the Institute itself being ruled over by a board of trustees. The departments are as follows : Archaeology, membership 115; architec- ture, 108; astronomy (once the American Astronomical Society), 113; botany, 154; chemistry, 135; electricity, 215; engineering, 126; entomology, 51; fine arts, 361; geography, 137; geology, 140; mathematics, 47; micros- copy, 133; mineralogy, 117; music, 117; painting, 80; pedagogy, 158; phil- ology, 422: photography, 170; physics, 154; political and economic science, 404; psychology, 144; zoology, 67. The general library of the Institute con- tains about 13,000 volumes. Its objects are to "provide for rich and poor, educated and unlearned, free access to valuable and well-arranged collections in the realms of science and art, to afford to teachers and pupils otherwise unprovided means to the ends of illustration, and to encourage and aid the specialist." The Institute had its beginnings in the old Brooklyn Apprentices' Li- brary in 1823. In 1843 its name was changed to that of the Brooklyn Insti- tute, and Augustus Graham, its founder, liberally endowed it. The Institute, however, did not get entirely free from debt until 1887. Now it has started on a new course of prosperity. All the old Institute's property and privi- leges have been transferred to the new Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. The total membership of the Institute proper is nearly 200. Its financial resources, including endowments and money from the sale of its old building on Washington street, are not far from $250,000. Brooklyn Theosophical Society. — One of the branches of the Ameri- can section of the Theosophical Society, receiving its charter in April, 1889, with six charter members. It meets twice a week (Thursday and Sun- day evenings), and has 38 full members, besides a number of associates. Its rooms are now at 464 Classon avenue. Its ranking is exactly the same in the American section as that of the Aryan Theosophical Society of New York City. Hoagland Laboratory. — Object, the fostering of original research in medical science, more especially in regard to bacteriology, histology and pathology. Incorporated, February, 1S87. Ruled by board of directors; house, corner of Henry and Pacific streets. Homeopathic Medical Society of Kings County. — Formed for the mutual study of homoeopathy. Rooms, 272 Halsey street; 117 members. Kings County Medical Association. — An organization of general practitioners. Rooms, 319 Washington street; 90 members. CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS. 37 KiNc.s County Pharmaceutical Society. — For the study of pharmacj'. Rooms, 339 Classon avenue; membership 180. Medical Society of Kings County. — The largest of such professional organizations in the city. Membership 417; rooms, 356 Bridge street. Publishes the Brooklyn Medical Journal, an exceedingly prosperous class organ. Musical Societies. Amateur Opera Association. — The only society for the giving of gen- uine amateur opera that has ever flourished in America. Three perform- ances a year are given in the Brooklyn Academy of Music and frequent receptions at the Remsen rooms. The Association's first performance was given in 1874 in the old Central Hall, corner of Fulton and Flatbush avenues. Members, active (chorus), 75; subscribing, 100. Amphion Society. — Mainly composed of Eastern District men. In 1SS7 the society built the Amphion Academy for its concerts, but after- ward found it more profitable to lease it as a theatre. Has a good amateur orchestra, besides its vocal chorus. Organized 1879; membership 450 ; rooms, Clymer street and Division avenue. Apollo Cluh. — This society, now in its fifteenth season of concert, is conceded to have the finest chorus in Brooklyn, from a social point of view. It was founded by Dudley Buck, who is and has always been its musical director. Musically the Apollo is of the highest ranking. Three concerts a year ai-e given in the Academy of Music. The chorus numbers 70, and there are now about 240 subscribers. Arion M.ENNERCHOK. — The leading German singing society of Brook- lyn, with the exception of the Brooklyn Ssengerbund, which holds the same position in the Western District as the Arion does in the Eastern. The Arion is three years younger than the Saengerbund, having been founded in 1S65, in a Williamsburgh school house. It has a fine clubhouse on Wall street near Broadway, and an excellent picked chorus. Membership about 300. Brooklyn Amateur Musical Club. — A very recently organized society of musical and cultured Brooktyn women, planned on exactly the same lines as those of the Chicago Amateur IMusical Club. The club's doors of admission are definitely closed to professionals, the line being strictly drawn. Afternoon concerts (with the performers chiefly the club's mem- bers) are given at Wilson Hall and Brigham Memorial Hall, Y. W. C. A. Building. Organized November, 1892; 60 active and 100 subscribing mem- bers. Brooklyn Grecian. — Organized in 1881, for the purpose of improving the singing in the public schools. At present it consists of a single class of 100 young women, meeting weekly at Conservatory Hall, Bedford avenue and Fulton street. In past years, however, there have been children's classes under the same management. Brooklyn Choral Society. — The largest society of both male and female voices in Brooklyn. Its chorus numbers 400, and is admirably dis- tributed. Three concerts in a year are given in the Academy, and ora- torio is nearly always attempted. The financial affairs of the society are managed by a Board of Trustees, but the chorus has its own organization. The society has just been incorporated. Rehearsals are held at the Taber- nacle. The system of tabulating the attendance of each singer is an intri- cate and a very clever one. The seventh season is now in progress. 38 CITIZEN GUIDE. Brooklyn SiENCERBUND. — The status of this society has already been referred to in the description of the Arion. Its object is given as culture of music. Its occasional masques and merry-makings at the Academy have been very artistic. The Ssengerbund was founded in 1S62, and incorpo- rated four years later. Its membership is 285. It occupies Burnham's old gymnasium at the corner of Smith and Schermerhorn streets. CyEciLiA Ladies' Vocal Society. — Said to be the organization of the " Wives, sisters and daughters " of the Amphion men. It gives two or three private concerts a season, generally in the Amphion auditorium. Founded January, 1S85; 125 associate and 70 chorus members. Choral Club. — A mixed chorus of forty, consisting of the young society set of the Heights and admirably conducted. It has several fine vocalists and instrumentalists among its members, and recently (in early March) gave its hist formal concert in the ballroom of the Germania Club. It was organ- ized in the spring of 1892 and meets at members' houses fortnightly. Philharmonic Society of Brooklyn. — Relatively the most important musical society in the city. Its performers are always professional, and the finest talent in America has always been brought before its subscribers. Theodore Thomas wielded its baton for nearly twenty years, and gave the Brooklyn Philharmonic national fame. When he was called to Chicago at the beginning of the season of 1891-92, the Boston Symphony Orchestra, under the guidance of Nikisch, was secured in his place. The Philharmonic is ruled by a board of 25 directors. The numbers of subscribers varies annuall}' from 600 to 1,200. Founded 1857; first concert at the Brooklyn Athenaeum; headquarters, Chandler's, Fulton street near Pierrepont. Seidl Society. — This association has the direct object of fostering musical culture among the middle and lower classes. It was organized in 1889 by a few enthusiastic women (there are only women in its ranks), and its first work was to enable women and girls to hear Anton Seidl's concerts at Brighton Beach that summer, at a purely nominal cost, the railroad fare and admission being less than the price of entering a concert hall in the city. Each season since then the Seidl has given three practically free con- certs which, curiously enough, have been great social successes as well as popular affairs. Classical music only is played at these concerts, and Anton Seidl is in musical charge. Headquarters, Pouch Gallery ; member- ship about 400. United Singers of Brooklyn. — Composed of the (active) members of the twenty-five leading German singing clubs of the city. Its complete chorus numbers 934. The association is a branch of the Saengerbund of the Northeastern States, which has a ssengerfest every three years, the seventeenth to occur in New York City in 1894. Its general object is the perpetuating of German song and the social ways of the Fatherland ; or- ganized 1 88 1. WiLLiAMSBURGH S.-ENGERBUND. — The oldcst of aU the local singing so- cieties. Organized January 12, 1855; membership 250; meeting place, Goetzer's Haft, on Meserole street. ZoELLNER M^NNERCHOR. — Fouudcd 1860, and incorporated 1865. Its house was recently destroyed by fire, but the club contemplates building again. Present headquarters, 156 Broadway; membership 400. Miscellaneous Clubs. Brooklyn Chess Club. — This society has no other interest than that of the great eastern game. It numbers practically all of the " crack" players IViFULTON .ST. FEOM TILLAIY STL TO CITY JHALLo Every experienced merchant knows that his first business letters were pretty poor stuff. The epistolary niotlels he now clictates are the result of years of constant practice. Yet, because he does write perfect business com- munications, it by no means follows that he can write a good advertisement or circular. That is an art acquired after steady work, only by those who have a special talent for it. It is money saved to employ an expert to do writing of this kind, as any merchant may prove, when next about to advertise or issue a circular, by applymg to The R. Wayne Wilson Company, 23 Park Row, New York, for the services of a skilled advertising wr'tep. CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS. 39 of Brooklyn, and the rooms are seldom empty. The enthusiasts of the club not infrequently sit the greater part of the night at the tables. The Chess Club's public receptions are exhibition games of famous visiting ex- perts. Organized iSS6 ; membership loo; rooms, 201 Montague street. Brooklyn Turn Verein. — A society with a membership that is largely German, with the object of physical and intellectual development. It has about 100 active gymnasts among its members, a dramatic division of 35, a singing division ot 50, a fencing division of 20, and a women's auxiliary of ab:)ut 100. Annexed to the Turn Verein is a German school, where some 300 children are taught the German language after school hours — the boys drawing and modeling, the girls needlework and designing. Founded 1881; house, 351 Atlantic avenue; membership 238. Ihpetonga. — A club limited to sixty members, wealthy men of Brook- lyn Heights, without a house or rooms, and organized solely for the purpose of giving an annual baU in the Art Association rooms in January. Organ- ized 1886. National Greyhound Clui?. — To stimulate the breeding and the im- portation of the greyhound, the Russian wolfhound and the deerhound by offering prizes at various shows and at the American Coursing Meet at Great Bend, Indiana. Organized in Queens County in 18S6. The second annual bench show of the club took place in the Clermont Avenue Rink last Nov- emljcr, 600 dogs being exhibited. Nearly all of the prominent owners of the hound breed are members. Offices, 148 South Eighth street. Riding and Driving Club. — Best summed up as without doubt the finest socio-equestrian club in the world. The club building on the corner of Flatbush and Vanderbilt avenues has the largest ring of any riding club in America, with a capacious gallery, parlors, reception and dressing room, baths and stabling accommodations for 180 horses. The ring's dimensions are 90x180, splendidly, shaped and with a fine run. " Club night" is Wednesday, when there is a music ride, rough riding and evolutions, and various equestrian specialties, such as tandem riding, the jeu de barre ("tag"), relay races, football on horseback, skirt and potato races. Many of the women are as expert in the saddle as the men. The club is finely situated just on the outskirts of Prospect Park. Many mem- bers stable here, and there is good accommodation for " rigs." Organized 1889; membership 342 (the wives, minor sons and unmarried daughters having equal privileges with the members themselves) ; cost of building, $250,000. RoiiiNS Island Club. — An organization, limited in membership, for shooting and hunting. Clubhouse, Robins Island, Suffolk county; mem- bership 25; founded 1881. Associations. Association of Exempt Firemen. — (Brooklyn, W. D.) This associa- tion aims to keep up, in as great a degree as possible, the spirit of the "old fire laddies" by two reunions a month, and to assist comrades in need. It was organized in 1852 and incoi-porated 1S74. Its meetings are held in the City HaU. The membership is large, including very nearly every exempt fireman in the Western District of Brooklyn. Brooklyn Bar Association. — An organization of 100 attorneys, banded together under the Act of 1887 " to cultivate the science of jurisprudence, to promote reform in the law, to cherish the spirit of brotherhood among the members." It sustains the same relations to the Kings County Bar as 40 CITIZEN GUIDE. the Bar Association of the county of New York does to the lawyers there. A permanent meeting place has not yet been acquired, but will be very shortly. Brooklyn Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. — On the same lines as Mr. Gerry's Society across the river; 1,269 com- plaints have been heard this past year, 279 cases prosecuted before the court and 237 convictions obtained. In the society s eleven years' work 4,560 children have been removed from evil parents and guardians and cared for, and 2,939 convictions have been secured. Founded 1880; headquarters and " shelter," 105 Schermerhom street. Brooklyn Socjety of Vermonters. — Meets annually to dine on " Ver- monters' Day" (Jan. 17). The society was organized March 4, 1891, the looth anniversary of Vermont's admission into the Union. Women as well as men are among its members. Secretary's address, 436 Clinton avenue; membership about 100. Brooklyn Teachers' Association. — An influential organization of nearly 2,000 teachers, male and female, formed with the aim of mutual acquaintance, improvement and the pushing of professional interests. These objects are accomplished by classes in the languages and sciences and frequent meetings in the Board of Education Building. Organized 1874. Brooklyn Women's Club. — This would be considered a purely literary society were it not for its practical work. It founded the Business Women's Union (see below), and now has a free Kindergarten under its charge. Its intellectual work consists of the reading of Present Day Papers on many topics. Meetings are held every other Monday afternoon at the rooms of the Union. Organized 1869; membership 148. Men are admitted to hono- ary membership. Brooklyn Women's Suffrage Association. — A society for discussion alone. The first meeting was in 1S62, and activity only ceased between 1881 and 1883. The meetings are now held in the parlors of the Business Women's Union on the third Tuesday of every month. Eminent women frequently address the association. Membership about 100. Business Women's Union. — "To furnish a comfortable home for self- supporting women at a low price." Founded in the spring of 1871. Ac- comodates about 40 boarders. Located at 80 Willoughby street. The Daughters of the Revolution. — A "chapter" of the New York society, numbering thirty to forty members, and founded in October, 1891. Its object is primarily patriotic, and afterward social. Papers on local Revolutionary history are read at the meetings. The Regent's address is 46 Willow street. The Sons of the Revolution have no association here, though they are well represented in the New York society. Emerald Association. — By a brilliant annual ball at the Academy (netting usually some $6,000 a year), this society raises funds for the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum. The first ball was held January 12th, 1839. Rooms, 44 Court street; membership 216. New England's Society in the City of Brooklyn. — Celebrates the Landing of the Pilgrims by a banquet on December 21st of each year. Its other objects are to promote charity and good fellowship, to encourage the study of New England literature, and to establish a library. Incorporated 1880; membership 450. Packer Alumn/E. — The association was founded in the spring of 1882. About the end of May a luncheon is given at the Packer, and through the CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS. 41 winter Saturday moniing lectures are held at private residences. "It pub- lishes a paper semi-annually, the " Packer Alumna." Membership 525. Polytechnic Alumni Association. — To keep alive the old institution's fellowship by an annual dinner. Organized in 18C9, 19 men present. At the last ainner ('92) over 100 were present. Polytechnic Reunion. — Broader in purpose, including all ex-students. Founded in 18S7. Membership varies from 100 to 150. Dinners in Rem- sen Hall. St. Nicholas Society ok Nassau Island. — To collect and preserve in- formation of the history, settlements and customs of the early inhabitants of the island, and for social intercourse. Founded 184S; rooms, 30 Court street; membership 300. St. Patrick's Society ok the City of Brooklyn. — Object, to celebrate the day by a public dinner. Founded 1848; address, 546 Second street; membership 250. Society ok Old Brooklynites. — To preserve the traditions of old Brooklyn. Meets on the first Thursday evening of each month in the Sur- rogate's courtroom. Only those who have been residents of Brooklyn for fifty years are eligible to membership. The annual dinner occurs in April. Membership over 300. Society calls en masse on the Mayor on New Year's Day. Organized 1880. Union for Christian Work. — " A relief " organization, with employ- ment bureau, laundry providing work for poor women, library and drawing and shorthand classes. The library is the second largest free lending libra- ry in the city. The union is supported mainly by voluntary contributions. It was organized in November, 1886, and its first rooms were in the Hamil- ton Building, 44 Court street. 3,187 persons were assisted by this associa- tion during 1892. Volunteer Firemen's Association. — To provide a headquarters for ex- firemen of the volunteer days, and for mutual aid. Rooms, City Hall, organized and incorporated 1SS5; membership 800. Women's Health Protective Association. — Has the aim of bringing about cleanliness of the streets and public vehicles. No regular meeting place. President's address, 73 Macon street. Incorporated i8go; member- ship 300. Yale Alumni Association of Long Island. — Purely a fraternal organi- sation. Quarterly reunions and annual dinner. Organized in the fall of 1886; membership over 200; 62 Wall street. New York City. Young Men's Christian Association. — Undenominational, and on the lines of the New York society, after which it is largely modeled. It has a membership of 3,500 in its Central Association (502 Fulton street) and four branches. Two more branches are on the verge of organization, w^hich will add 500 more young men to the rolls. Its gymnasia and educational departments (eight of the latter) are admirably equipped. The library of the Central Association contains 12,000 volumes. Over 500 young men secured employment this past year through the association's bureau. There are outing, athletic and camera sections, and a large Boys' Branch. Organized 1853 ;.in new building, 1885. Young Women's Christian Association. — " For the temporal, moral and mental welfare of young women." In its aims and features it closely resembles the Young Men's Association and the New York institution of the same name. Nearly all of the prominent w^omen of Brooklyn are actively interested in its work; 900 young women secured positions through its 43 CITIZEN GUIDE. employment bureau last year. It has a " Woman's Exchange," with sales- rooms, parlors, hall, gymnasia and baths, besides classes in many branches anda "Vacation Hoiise " at Locust Valley, L. I. Attached to the Asso- ciation IS a boarding house at 352 Pacific street, where 30 girls can find board and lodging. Endowment fund, $122,000. Membership 3,000; or- ganized 1888. House at the junction of Schermerhorn street and Flatbush avenue. THE /fRENA OF SPORTS /cND f ASTIMES. Summer Sports and Athletics — Yachting and Rowing — Horse Racing- Winter Sports — Indoor Games and Pastimes. We Americans do nothing by halves ; it is either the whole thing or nothing with us. Within the past thirty years we have changed from a people who scarcely ever took part m recreative exercises to a condition of rivalry with old England in our natural born love of sports and pastimes. This growth in popularity of recreative physical exercise, too, is not an evanescent thing ; we have really become permanently attached to out- door sports of all kinds, and our desire, as a people, to excel all othep nations, and especially England, in every department of manly exercises will not ceas3 until we have carried otf championship honors on every field of sport in the civilized world. There has been a wonderful change in the once staid old " City of Churches " — as Brooklyn is called — within the past quarter of a century in regard to the growth of sports in popular favor in this city, and especially as to field games and athletic sports. Fifty years ago the old Eng- lish game of cricket was the only field game seen played in Brooklyn in which adults took part. But since those early days a wonderful transfor- mation has taken place, and now Brooklyn more than rivals New York in the popular favor shown tlie leading field sports of the period. The sports and pastimes to which Brooklyn people are now devoted maj'- be properly ranked in classes, and these include equestrian sports, such as running and trotting races, driving, riding and the game of polo ; andjthe field games, such as baseball, cricket, lacrosse, football, tennis, croquet, archery, lawn bowls and quoiting. The sports of the several seasons, too, include another variety, such as the summer sports of yacht- ing, rowing, canoeing, fox hunting, angling and swimming ; added to which are the winter sports of skating, curling, ice-boating and sledding ; and under the generic term of athletics may be named walking, run- ning, jumping, bicycling, hare and hounds, fencing, boxing and wrestling ; while the indoor sports in vogue include billiards, chess, bowling, shuffle board, hand ball, and the special exercises of the gymnasium. Every one of these several sports and pastimes of the present period are now in vogue in Brooklyn, each during its special season and some all the year round, and no visitor to the city can fail to find either facilities for the special sport with which he is familiar or for the particular one in which he may desire to become an expert. With this preface we begin our Guide to Sports and Pastimes in Brooklyn for 1S93. There is one thing in which Brooklyn excels all other cities in the way of facilities for the full enjoyment of field games, and that is in its posses- sion of the finest public recreation grounds in the United States, viz., its noted Prospect Park. When this public park was under the superintend- ence of Mr. John Y. Culyer, it was the model park of the country for the facilities it afforded for the playing of all kinds of field games, alike for winter .sports as well as those for the summer season. Since Mr. Culyer's retirement, however, these facilities, though still great, have not been im- 44 CITIZEN GUIDE. proved as they should have been. In Prospect Park there is the grand parade ground of forty odd acres in extent, on which the amateur baseball players revel in their pet game as they do on no other public recreation ground in the country. There, too, do the cricketers, lacrosse and foot ball players congregate in force during the summer and fall seasons. Be- sides which there is the great Park Lake with its sixty acres of water sur- face, on which rowing and sailing and miniature yachting are enjoyed dur- ing the summer, and skating, curling and ice-boating in the winter time. Added to these facilities is the extensive common of the Park, with its cut and rolled grassy lawns, on which the tennis and croquet players enjoy their respective games, while near by is the archery field. Besides which there are the Park picnic grounds where the church and school picnics of the summer time are thoroughly enjoj'ed under the protection of the Park police, free from the evil contaminations of the beer garden picnic parks of the city. What Brooklyn would do without its grand public recreation grounds at Prospect Park it would be difficult to tell; suffice it to say, that in no single respect does New York Central Park equal Brooklyn's Prospect Park in the facilities for the enjoyment of sports and pastimes which are at public command. The Sporting Clubs of the City. Brooklyn is now noted for its prominent clubs which are, to a more^or less extent, devoted to recreative sports. First and foremost of these is its model outdoor sport organization, the Crescent Club, with its handsome new clubhouse at Bay Ridge, its city headquarters at 71 Pierrepont St., its fine boathouse on the Bay Shore, together with its baseball, cricket, la- crosse, football and tennis fields, and its indoor social attractions. Then there are the wealthy class of social organizations of the city, prominent among which are the clubs with elegant homes, like the Union League, the Mon- tauk, the Hamilton, the Lincoln and the Carleton, together with the Brooklyn, the Excelsior, Aurora Grata, Midwood and Knickerbocker Clubs, all of which foster the most attractive of the indoor sports of the period, such as bowling, billiards, whist, etc. Added to these social organizations are the various bicycle clubs throughout the city, like the Kings County Wheelmen, the Brooklyn Bicycle Club, the Brooklyn Ramblers et al., all of which enjoy the facilities for wheeling which the asphalt paved streets, its parkways and boulevards provide, to an extent which makes the city an exceptional resort for bicyclists. A finer yachting centre than Brookljm waters present it would be diffi- cult to provide. Its leading yacht clubs find safe anchorage in front of their respective clubhouses at Bay Ridge and Gravesend Bay, and the best of sailing facilities are afforded by the inner and outer bays of New Yori harbor. The rowing clubs, too, have at command quiet waters for their regattas in front of their boathouses on the Bay Ridge shores and at Gravesend and Sheepshead Bays, while the canoe clubs simply revel in the facilities for their club races which the waters around South and West Brooklyn afford. The devotees of the rod and gun clubs find good fishing waters and shooting grounds at command in the suburbs of Brooklyn, the angling facilities for salt water fishing being unusually great in the island inlets and bays, while an hour's ride by rail will take them to well-filled trout ponds on the south shore of the island. There, too, the votaries of the turf find in the Jockey Club courses at Sheepshead Bay, Gravesend, Brighton Beach and the Brooklyn Driving Club's Pajrk all that can be desired THE ARENA OF SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 45 in the way of first-class running and trotting race courses. In fact, Brook- lyn and Kings County combined is now a sporting centre unsurpassed by any other outside of the great metropolis. In devoting the pages of our Guide to the Sports and Pastimes of Brooklyn, we shall give them in the order of their classifications under the respective heads of the sports of the two separate seasons, and also of outdoor and indoor sports, each sport being given a separate head under its special class. The Sports of the Suinnier Season. We find under this head all of the well-known field games in vogue, as also the special sports of the social club men, such as yachting, rowing, canoeing, bicycling, etc. In this chapter we begin with the field games, giving a special article to each in the order of its position in popular favor, and we begin with the national game. Baseball. 'J^ae facilities for the enjoyment of baseball in Brooklyn surpass those at command in New York " by a large majority." First and foremost comes the great baseball field out at the parade ground at Prospect Park, on which forty-acre field of level turf twenty odd baseball matches can be proceeded with at one and the same time. On the Fourth of July and other holiday occasions, at one time or another, nearly a hundred ball matches have been played there between sunrise and sunset, A portion of the field on the southern side is laid out with three diamond fields for the use of the uniformed clubs of the Brooklyn Amateur Association, in their regular championship games of each season. These clubs, as well as other clubs having uniformed players, are granted the use of the dressing rooms of the clubhouse at the parade grounds, and it is a very attractive sight to see the six clubs of th3 association engaged in championship con- tests every Saturday afternoon from May to September, each of the three fields being surrounded by crowds of spectators who specially en- joy the free exhibitions. On school half-holiday occasions every vacant lot or field in the suburbs of the city is utilized for ball games; besides which there is the model ball grounds of the professional class of the country located in the Twenty-sixth Ward of the city at East New York, which is patronized to a very large extent every week day during the League championship season, this baseball park being owned by the Brook- lyn Baseball Association, the representative League club of Brook- lyn. The facilities for reaching these several ball grounds are as follows : The parade ground is most easily reached by the trolley cars which run from the Hamilton and the Fulton ferries, as they go direct to the club- house end of the parade ground, the fare being five cents and the time from the ferries about half an hour. The Flatbush avenue trolley cars also go near the eastern end of the parade ground, passengers getting out at Clarkson st.;the horse cars from the eastern district of the city run- ning through Franklin and Nostrand avenues, with a branch road starting from the Willink entrance to the Park, also set passengers out at the parade ground. To reach the professional ball grounds at East New York the nearest route is by the Kings County Elevated Railway from Fulton Ferry and the Bridge, the L^nion Elevated roads taking passengers from the Eastern District to East New York, but not within a quarter mile walk of the 46 CITIZEN GUIDE. grounds, while the Kings County road runs to the grounds direct. The time to Eastern Park by special trains from the Bridge on match days is twenty -five minutes, fare five cents. Among the prominent baseball clubs of Brooklyn for 1893 are those representing the several prominent collegiate schools, such as the Poly- technic and Pratt Institute, the Adelphi Academy and the Brooklyn High School and the Latin School. Most of these clubs play their championship con cests at Prospect Park, but some of them play at the old professional grounds at Washington Park, located on Fourth and Fifth avenues and Third and Fifth streets, South Brooklyn. Cricket. The English game of cricket has been a time-honored sport in Brook- lyn for the past half century, and never before has it been as popular in the city as it is now. The facilities afforded for playing the game on the free field at the parade ground at Prospect Park has been a great aid to the local clubs, the park being the field headquarters of the Cricket clubs of the city. Another thing which materially helped the game of cricket in Brooklyn was its adoption by the Young Men's Christian Association, their club being known as the Brooklyn Cricket Club. The oldest existing cricket organization of the city is the Manhattan Club, which has had a special home at Prospect Park since the seventies. The other local cricket clubs for 1893 are the Kings County, the Bedford, Sons of St. George and the South Brooklyn, all of which clubs play their league championship contests on the centre cricket fields of the parade grounds at Prospect Park. The Crescent ;Athletic Club has organized a cricket team for 1 893 which will practice on the club's cricket field at Bay Ridge this summer. For infor- mation about reaching the grounds see page 64. There are in the suburbs of the Eastern District of Brooklyn, and ad- joining the Queens County line, and also in Long Island City, several ball grounds which are used by the class of semi-professionals chiefiy for Sunday games, the most prominent of which is the Ridgewood grounds near the terminus of th^ Ridgewood branch of the Union Elevated Rail- road. Lacrosse. The Canadian national game of lacrosse is practiced at Prospect Park this year mostly by visiting teams from New York, as there is no reg- ular Brooklyn lacrosse club, as there was a couple of years ago, the wealthy athletic clubs of the metropolis having absorbed nearly all of the Brooklyn lacrosse players. The Crescent Athletic Club of Brooklyn, however, has a lacrosse team which promises to make its mark. Football. The most prominent football team in Brooklyn is that of the Crescent Athletic Club, which team, composed, as it hitherto has been, of graduates of Harvard, Yale and Princeton Universities, has won championship honors in the American Football Association for eight consecutive years. The other football teams of note in Brooklyn are those of the Adelphi Academy; the Polytechnic and Pratt Institutes; the Brooklyn Latin and High School; the Columbian Eleven, composed of old graduates of Colum- bia College; the Varuna Boat Club team, and that of the Bedford Prospect teams. The Crescents play their pbampionship games at Eastern Park, THE ARENA OP SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 47 and the school teams at Washington and Prospect Parks. All of these games are played under the college rules. But there are several clubs which play Sunday football at Ridgewood Park and at the Recreation grounds of Long Island City under association rules, besides the clubs which play under the rules of the Gaelic football clrbs, a game which is really the only true football now played. Tennis. Brooklyn ranks as the greatest tennis centre in the United States. The great facilities afforded for the enjoyment of the game at the public parks of the city — notably so at Prospect Park — has led to the organization of hundreds of local tennis clubs in Brooklyn within the past year or two. Outside of Prospect Park, on " the Hill," at " Prospect Heights," and, in fact, in every part of the city where society people reside, tennis grounds aboand, every vacant lot at command of the clubs being utilized in the summer time for tennis players by small clubs and coteries of players. But it is at Prospect Park that tennis especially flourishes. On the Common in the summer time over a hundred tennis fields are to be seen occupied at one time on its extensive lawn. The turf is not kept as smoothly cut or rolled as it might be, but the fun and frolic of the game is enjoyed at the Park as it is nowhere else. Tennis is also played at Washington Park, fronting on Cumberland street; also at Tompkins Park, in the " Hill " district of the city, bounded by Marcy, Tompkins, Lafayette an d Greene avenues. Tennis grounds abound, too, in the neighborhood of the Adelphi Academy and the Pratt Institute on Grand and Classon avenues and be- tween Willoughby and Lafayette avenues. In South Brooklyn, too, tennis grounds on vacant lots are numerous, one of the largest being located on President and Carroll streets near Seventh avenue, this being occupied by the Altiora Tennis Clab. The Prospect Heights Club, too, has grounds on Eighth avenue near Tenth street, as also the Stirling Club on Stirling place. Among the clubs on the " Hill " district of the city, exclusive of the academj'- clubs, may be named the Bedford Club, the Brooklyn Racket Club, the Brooklyn Tennis Club, the Clover Hill Club, the Jefferson Heights Club, the Kings County Club, the Lamont Club, the Lexington, Madison, the Wmdenmere and a dozen others. All the suburban villages have tennis clubs, that of the Althea Club at Blythebourne being noteworthy. The tennis grounds of the Crescent Athletic Club at Bay Ridge are among the finest in the city. These are reached by the Third avenue steam cars to Eighty-second street. The Marine and Field Club at Bath Beach is another fine tennis resort. Flatbush, too, has several tennis clubs, the most noteworthy for its fine grounds being those of the Knickerbocker Field Club on Eighteenth street and Avenue A, and the Midwood Club on Fulton street. The Flatbush Field Club also has good grounds on Waverly avenue. In fact, it would be difficult to visit any part of the fashionable districts of the city in summer and not meet with a tennis club party enjoying their favorite game. The following rules and regulations governing the free use of the tennis fields at Prospect Park will be found useful to parties of players made up for a day's outing on a tennis field of their own. The demand for the park fields for tennis is very great during the summer months, and early applications are necessary to get an assignment of a field. The rule is "first come, first served," each day, except in the case of clubs playing regu- 48 CITIZEN GUIDE. I larly at the park, to whom a degree of preference is shown. The card of rules is as follows : The following regulations for tennis playing at the parks are establish- ed with a view to secure the comfort and convenience of all persons to whom courts shall have been assigned for the season : The demands for courts at this time are greater than are our accommodations to meet them; for this reason it is necessary that applicants shall select the days and parts of days preferable by them and state them definitely in the application. No person will be permitted to play in the park without tenpis shoes. All organizations must furnish a small banner or pennant with the name of the club inscribed upon it, and fastened on a small staff lo be set up near the couit when occupied by players. The object of this is to identify readily the organization to Whom the court has been assigned and to avoid any interference or confusion. Preference in the assignment of courts will he given to those organizations that are most likely to play with some regularity throuf,'hout the simimer months; discrimination as to choice or ground will be made in favor of adults and more experienced players. Or- ganizations and individuals desiring temporary af'commodation will be provided for from the general courts, a number of which will be established for the use of those persons who desire to play for the day. These may be applied for on the ground in conformity with the rules governing their use at the time. Clubs must make their selections of the days not to exceed four days in fsch week in order that courts may be made to serve more than one party if nectssary. Theie will prob- ably be no difficulty in accommodating those who desii e to piay eyery day In the week, but. In order to avoid possible complaint and dissatisfaction, this condition is imposed upon applicants. A.S far as it is possible for us to do so. lockers will be provided to all organizations of four or more members: Om* means are limited in this particular, and the ii.tention is to provide only for the storage of nets and other playing apparatus^, and players should come to the park in clothing suitable for playing, as but limited drtssing facilities can be af- forded The attention of all persons is specially called to the injimction that valuable cloth- ing, money, articles of jewelry, etc., must uot be left in the lockers or upon the grounds, except in the care of their own memb ers, or their friends, and any disregard ol this rule must be at their own risk. It is impossible for us to inform ourselves as to tre individual mem- bership of the numerous organizations playing at the park. In case of l^ss of clothing, etc.. of any kind, however, report the facts promptly to the keeper or other attendant. Avoid all discussions or disputes on the groimds, and consult the keeper or communicate prompt- ly with the superintendent. The groimds will be ready for use daily from 9 to 6.30, after which latter hour it is not desirable to play. When the turf is in condition for use the card designating the court assigned will be delivered to a representative of the club at the Liichfldd Mansion, in the Park, in order that there shall be no miscarriage or misunderstanding. These rules apply generally to all the parks in which tennis playing is practicable. The courts will be laid out and maintained at all proper times at the ex- pense of the Brooklyn Park Commission. All the employees are paid for their services while upon the park, and there will be no charge whatever for any work or service performed by them under any circumstances. They are prohibited from taking or receiving any fee or presents for any attention or service performed by them, and the giving of any fees or com- pensation is alike prohibited on the part of the players, from whom the priv- ilege of playing will be withdrawn in case this rule is violated, while the employee will be subjected to peremptory discharge. Croquet. This once most fashionable field game, while it has been superseded by tennis to a large extent, still finds its votaries in Brooklyn, the croquet centre of the city being on the Common at Prospect Park. There is but one croquet club in Brooklyn of any note, and that is the Brooklyn Cro- quet Association, which plays what is known as the " scientific game," and has its field at Prospect Park, located on the west side of the Common, near V. FULTON §r FROM OTI BM.L TO GALLAIMPLo TRUST COMPANY. THEe l^assau T^fust Copipapy, lOl BROADWAY, BROOKLYN, N. Y. Capital, $500,000. Deposits received subject to check at sight, and interest allowed on the re- sulting daily balances. Certificates of deposit issued for time deposits, on which special rates will be allowed. /nierest Commences from Daie of Deposit. Authorized by law to act as Executor, Administrator, Committee, Guardian, Trustee, Receiver, Fiscal and Transfer Agent and as Registrar of Stocks and Bonds; is a legal depository for Trust Funds and for moneys paid into court. LOJINS MADE ON APPROVED COLLATERALS. Checks on this Company are payable through the New York Clearing House. A. D. TVHEELOCK, Prest. Vice-Prests. O. F. RICHARDSON, Sec'y. Bernard Peters, Wm. E. Horwill, Judah B. Vorhees, A. D. Wheelock, Wm. F. Garrison, John T. WiDets, Charles H. Russell, ^riLLIAM DICK, JOHN TRUSLOliV, Wm. Dick, A. D. Baird, Darwin R. James, E. B. Tuttle, John Truslow, Ditmas Jewell, F. W. Wurster, John Loughran, Edward T. Hulst, John T McLoughlin, A. M. Suydam, Wm. E. Wheelock, O. F. Richardson, Henry Seibert. Statement of THE NASSAU TRUST COMPANY, of the City of Brooklyn, at the close of business, December 37 st, 1892. ASSETS. LIABILITIES. Capital Stock $500,000 00 Due Depositors 2,561,013 15 $9,443 70 Cash on hand Cash on Deposit in Bank and Trust Company .. . 135,860 86 Bonds and Mortgages 388,403 00 Stock Investments at Market Value 1,202,048 15 Amount Loaned on Collat- erals 1,438,850 00 BUls Purchased 55,100 00 Interest Accrued 23,160 69 93,252,866 40 Certified Checks.... Secretary's Checks. Expenses Accrued. Unearned Interest. Undivided Profits.. 5,072 97 147 75 1,250 00 546 58 184,835 95 $3,252,866 40 O. E, BICHAKDSON, Secretary. THE ARENA OF SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 49 the Third street entrance to the Park. The club is composed of veteran croquet players, who muster at the Park for play the first spring days that the frost is out of the ground, and they play there every fine afternoon until the snow covers the field in early December. They have a beautiful lawn for the game, and a small shelter house erected by the Park officials last year for the storing of club materials, etc. The club has its annual tour- neys at the Park, and the members play a ver}'^ fine game. Of course, there are numbers of croquet coteries which meet at the Park to play the ordinary game; besides which, croquet is played by outing parties andp icnics at the parks; but this kind of croquet playing docs not compare with the scientific methods of the Association players. Archery. The graceful outdoor exercise of archery is still a feature of the field sports enjoyed at Prospect Park, but the furore archery occasioned in Brooklyn some years ago has disappeared. Few votaries of archery in Brooklyn will ever forget the grand archery tournament which occurred on the parade ground at Prospect Park a decade ago under the supervision of Superintendent John Y. Culyer. It was shortly after that time that the archery field at Prospect Park was laid out on the field adjoining Ninth avenue and near the Ninth street entrance, and it is on this field that arch- ers are to be seen flying their arrows to the butts during July and August each year, but there are only small coteries of archers who gather there now, as there are no regular clubs in existence as there were some years ago. Lawn Bowls. This old English lawn game, in vogue with royalty two or three cen- turies ago, is being reintroduced in this country, and it is quite a feature at Dunnellen in New Jersey. Last year a few games were played at Prospect Park, and this year there will be a Lawn Bowls Club organized to play on the Common at Prospect Park. It is a quiet outdoor field exercise, full of excit- ing incidents. It is likened to curling on the green lawn, as it is played on the same principle. A ball is rolled to a certain spot on the lawn and the game consists iu rolling other balls as near this spot ball as possible. Quoiting, The old English game of quoits was a favorite sport in Brooklyn years ago, but of late years it has not been played to any such extent as it was. There is a quoit court on Court street near Hamilton avenue where professional players gather frequently during the season, known as Dick White's Ouoit Rink, lf)cated at 577 Court street, the veteran pro- prietor being himself an expert at the game. Ouoit matches are played there every day throughout the season. There i;sed to be a number of favorite resorts where the quoit players of the city met some years ago, but this excellent exercise and exciting sport has fallen off in f)opularity in Brooklyn of late years, but it has sprung up into favor again since 1891, Athletic Sports. Under the head of athletic sports there are a number of outdoor as well as indoor exercises which are not included among the regular field games in vogue in Brooklyn. The programme of recreative exercises of the legit- imate athletic clubs of Brooklyn includes contests in running, jumping, ) CITIZEN GUIDE. alking and gymnastic exercises generally. Then there are clubs devoted I the pedestrian sport of "hare and hound," or " paper chasing " and cross-country running," as it is called. Of the legitimate class of athletic ubs, that of the Crescent, with its fine clubhouse and grounds at the foot of ighty-second St., Bay Ridge, is the model organization of the city. There is e athletic branch of the Young Men's Christian Association, with its fine '■mnasium, at the Association Hall on Bond street and Fulton ; also, the hletic branches of the Polytechnic and Pratt Institute and the Adelphi :ademy, together with the athletic clubs of the various Brooklyn National aard regiments, the events of which take place at the armories, these dng chiefly of the Twenty-third, Thirteenth apd Forty-seventh regiments. There has been a large increase in the number of athletic clubs in •ooklyn since the era of hard glove fights set in a few years ago. rdinarily athlefic clubs are organized for the sole object of fostering a love outdoor sports generally, and for the purpose of promoting healthy and anly athletic games and exercises in particular. But a class of so-called hletic clubs have sprung into existence in Brooklyn within the past three ;ars, the real object of which is to obtain gate money by glove fight exhi- tions, and not solely to promote legitimate athletic sports. Out of a list twenty or thirty of the existing athletic clubs of the city, scarcely half a )zen are entitled to be classed among such clubs as the older organizations the kind of the metropolitan district, but one, in fact, combming in its ganization the essentials of a model athletic club, that one being the rescent Athletic Club of Brooklyn. This club occupies an exceptional )sition in every respect, as it is the only organization of the kind in the ty which has its own clubhouse and grounds, while the high social laracter of its members place it upon the plane of the best athletic club of e metropolis. In the struggle for gate money receipts from prize fight- g, the so-called athletic clubs forget all about athletic games at their tour- ;ys, as a rule, and confine their exhibitions to the glove fights between the mi-professional class of " amachoor " boxers. Now and then they get up few contests in running and jumping, etc., to give a coloring of legitimacy their club work, but their prmcipkl business is prize fights with hard or skin " gloves in which knock-outs with plenty of gore thrown in are the gate " attractions. The scene of most of these prize fights in Brooklyn as the Clermont Avenue Rink, adjoining the Twenty-third Regiment Ar- ory, until the Coney Island Athletic Club sprang into existence as the sadquarters of the local prize fights of the period, that club having soon onopolized all the leading professional prize fighting events at great jcuniary profit to the club. The culminating point in the success of these peculiar " organizations has been reached this year, and their decadence lUst follow in the near future. Like the winter racing and all other bru- ilizing features of sports, the prize fighting athletic clubs will eventually isappear under the reaction of public opinion which set in in 1892. Hare and Hounds. No better locality can be had for the votaries of the pedestrian's game ["hare and hounds," or "paper chasing," as it is sometimes called, than the iburbs of Brooklyn afford, as the whole country south and east of Pros- set Park is as level as a prairie, and it is crossed, by plenty of roadways I all directions. The leading hare and hounds club of Brooklyn was le Prospect Harriers, who also engaged in other athletic games, but THE ARENA OF SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 51 paper chasinj? was their specialty. But this noted club disbanded last Jan- uary and its athletes joined other clubs. The line macadamized drives throughout the Park, and the saddle roads and pathways for bicycling, are to be included in the list of facilities for recreative exercises which Prospect Park affords. The Prol'cssioual BaU Fields. Except in the eastern suburbs of the city, where there are several in closed grounds on which semi-professional ckibs play, chiefly on Simday there is but one regular professional baseball ground in Brooklyn, anc that is at Eastern Park in East New York, now the Twenty-sixth Ward o Brooklyn, which ground is owned by the Brooklyn Baseball Association or rather by the syndicate which controls the organization. Eastern Pari is situated on gi-ounds adjoining the eastern parkway on its front entrance and close to the Snedeker avenue and Eastern Parkway Station of thi Kings County Elevated Railroad; while the Manhattan Beach Railroad, fron Thirty-fourth Street Ferry, New York, runs by its eastern side ; but there i no station of the latter road nearer than the Manhattan junction on Atlanti avenue. The ball grounds are reached in twenty-five minutes from thi Brooklyn end of the Bridge, and the Union Elevated Railroad station at Man hattan junction, carries patrons of the ground from the Eastern District The grounds are the most extensive of any baseball club in the country The admission rates are on the theatrical plan of seventy-five cents, fift cents and twenty-five cents, according as the seats are on the grani stand, the pavilion or the " bleacheries," there being a separate entranc for each. It is the coolest ball ground in the country from June to th close of August, a sea breeze from the ocean blowing in every afternoon i; fair weather. Mr. Charles II. Byrne is president and Charles B. Ebbett secretary, with Messrs. Goodwin, Abel and Byrne, directors. The Sports of Suiuiner — Yachtiug^, Rowing and Canoeing-. Under the head of summer sports, while the various field games alread mentioned are of course included, special reference is made to yachting rowing, canoeing and swimming, which are sports peculiar to the summe season, while several of the field games are indulged in during the earl spring and the late fall months. Brooklyn is especially a city available fc the yacht, rowing and canoe clubs. On the South Brooklyn shore fror Fortieth street to Bay Ridge, not only are there good anchorage ground for yacht clubs, but also comparatively quiet waters for the rowing club; The same may be said of the waters of Gravesend Bay fronting the Islan shore from Fort Hamilton to the mouth of Coney Island Creek. Ther too, at Sheepshead Bay there are facilities for the sailing of small size yachts, and for rowing races on smooth waters, while the waters of th New York Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, fronting Coney Island, afford goo sailing courses for all sized yachts. The leading yacht organization of Brooklyn is the Atlantic Yacht Clut which has its clubhouse and anchorage grounds on the Sovith Brookly; shore, foot of Fifty-sixth street, its club fleet including first class schoon ers, steam yachts and large sized sloop yachts, as well as the class of sma cabin yachts. The next in importance is the old Brooklyn Yacht Clul once the leading yacht club of the city; it has its clubhouse on the shore a Bath Beach, and its anchorage grounds in front of its clubhouse, a also the Marme and Field Club, which owns a fleet of small yachts whici 52 CITIZEN GUIDE. anchor off its grounds near to that of the Brooklyn club, There are also several of the smaller class of yacht clubs, such as the Coronet and the Ex- celsior, which have their clubhouses at the foot of Ninety-second street and Forty-third street, respectively. There is the Bensonhurst Yacht Club, lo- cated at Bath Beach, and the Seawanhaka Yacht Club, which has its old clubhouse at the foot of South Tenth street in the Eastern District, and a new one at South Oyster Bay, L. I., added to which is the Williamsburg Yacht Club, with its clubhouse near Astoria, L. I. The American Model Yacht Club sails its miniature yachts on the large lake at Prospect Park, and stores its boats in a room adjoining the "Well House on the lake shore. In the summer time every Saturday afternoon, in favorable weather, the club has its miniatui*e yacht races on the large lake, the scene presented at such times being very picturesque. Rowing in Brooklyn has flourished for several years past under the Long Island Rowing Assocation, which held its seventh annual regatta in 1892. The clubs located in and around Brooklyn include the Seawanhaka Club, which has its headquarters and boathouse foot of South Tenth street, Brooklyn; the Varuna Boat Club, with its boathouse foot of Fifty-eighth street and its clubhouse at 169 Atlantic avenue; the Nameless Rowing Club, with its boathouse foot of Fifty-sixth street; the Nautilus Boat Club, with its clubhouse foot of Sixty-fifth street, and the Crescent Athletic Club's rowing department, which has its fine, large boathouse on the Bay Ridge shore opposite the clubhouse, foot of Eighty-sixth street. The Marine and Field Club at Bath Beach also has a rowing department and a boathouse on the Gravesend Bay shore. All of these clubs, located on the shore from Thirty-sixth street to Bay Ridge, can be easily reached by the trolley cars on Smith street and Third avenue from Fulton Ferry or the Bridge. Facilities for canoeing are very great in the waters surrounding the southern part of Brooklyn, but at present there is only one bona fide club located in Brooklyn, viz., the Brooklyn Canoe Club, which has its boathouse foot of Fifty-sixth street, and its city clubrooms at 199 Montague street, This is a club which devotes its whole attention to canoeing. It is limited to a membership of 30. Its boathouse floats at the anchorage grounds of the Atlantic Yacht Club, and the house holds thirty odd canoes. It has the best record of any canoe club in and around the metropolis, viz., that of winning eighteen out of twenty-two races engaged in in one year. The New York Canoe Club last year located its boathouse on the shores of Gravesend Bay. The other canoe club is that connected with the noted Marine and Field Club, a combination organization which stands next in importance to the Crescent Athletic Club, this club meriting a special de- scription. It is the one club in Brooklyn devoted to summer sports which occupies a decidedly exceptional position, inasmuch as it combines facilities for yachting, rowing and canoeing with those for such field games as ten- nis, croquet and lawn bowls, together with social accessories for the full- enjoyment of leisure hours by the seaside during the hot summer months. There is no club in the country which possesses a more charming location or as attractive a clubhouse as the Marine and Field Club at their house on the shore of Gravesend Bay at Bath Beach, L. I. For beauty of scenery and extent of marine landscape it is unsurpassed. The building and grounds of the club are located near the picturesque home of the late Barney Williams at Bath Beach, and there is a handsome entrance through the grounds, having a broad gravel walk, shaded by trees on each side. THE ARENA OF SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 53 which leads up direct to the clubhouse proper, and to the tower hall and the club's cottage dormitory. The former is a handsome three-story build- ing having a wide veranda on three sides, from which a fine view of the lower bay is to be had, and from the upper story a grand mainne view is obtained extending from the Atlantic shore to the highlands of Jersey and Staten Island Sound. On the western edge there is a well-equipped boathouse which shelters about five thousand dollars' worth of boats, from the large eight-oared barges to the single-pair-oared racing shells, as also the club's canoes. There is also an extensive well-turfed field for tennis courts front- ing the buildings on the grounds. Several circumstances have combined to make the club a great success since its incorporation in 1885. What with its organizers of financial and executive ability, and the high social position its members occupy — who in 1S92 numbered over 300 — together with the club's real estate so delightfully located and its close proximity and easy access to New York, the club possesses exceptional advantages. That valuable aquatic sport and exercise, swimming, has a school for instruction in the natatorial art at the foot of Fifty-sixth street, South Brook- lyn, and at Fort Hamilton, at which swimming is taught by Miss Bennett, who has developed several expert lady swimmers for several years past. Winter Sports — Skatiujj and Curliug. Brooklyn surpasses the ^Metropolis in the facilities it offers for a full enjoyment of the winter sports of skating, curling, ice boating and sledding, while the driveways for sleighing, when there is plenty of snow at com- mand, equal the best New York can present, as the experience of the winter of 1892 and 1893 fully proved. But it is especially for skating facili- ties that Brooklyn is noted, the Prospect Park lakes alone presenting a sort of paradise for the skating fraternity under favorable weather conditions, as the park lakes are easily reached from all parts of the city, besides which skating at Prospect Park is invariably at command some days earlier than it is at Central Park, New York. The skating facilities of Prospect Park — after a severe cold wave has given a thick coating of ice to the lakes, and before a fall of snow interferes temporarily with the sport — extend from the skating house, located at the easterly end of the park near Willinck entrance, past the two inner lake bridges to the large sixty-acre lakewhich reaches near to the southern end of the park. The inner lakes are thrown open to the public as soon as a surface of ice at least fourinchesin thiclscess has been formed, for until then it is not regarded by the park cficials as safe. This inner lake for skating is kept ready for use despite of repeated falls of snow, but a heavy snowstorm temporarily stops skating on the large outer lake beyond the main plaza at the east end. But when the large lake has a surface of at least six inches of ice on it without snow, it is then thrown open to skaters, and in the mornings it is used for ice bcatirg. At all times during the winter the curlers are provided with a clear surlace of ice on the large lake in front of the Well House for their rirlvs, which seldom exceed half a dozen at one time; but three local curling clubs use the ice for their matches, these being the Caledonia, the Thistle and the Long Island City Clubs, the latter only on match-playing days. The skating hours at Prospect Park, when the ball is up, are from 8 a. m., until 10.30 p. m., the inner lake being lighted up at night for skat- ing when the ice is in good condition. When there is good skating on the large lake as well as on the inner lake, the ball players get up baseball matches oa the ice to the gratification of thousands of spectators. The un- CITIZEN GUIDE. cedented cold weather of the winter of 1893, in January, led to a period ;liating at the park unprecedented for many years past, and the Presi- it of the Park Commission took advantage of the opportunity to inaugu- 3 a series of skating matches for prizes which he himself offered, some- ig before unknown either in the history of the Prospect or Central Parks. To reach the park skating lake in winter, the best route is from the ige to the Willinck or fastern entrance by the Flatbush trolley car route, ere is also a route as direct from the Eastern District, via the Franklin I Nostrand avenue horse-car routes, which end at the Willinck entrance. 3 curlers find the readiest access to the curling rinks on the large lake via Coney Island and Smith street trolley cars to the depot near the south- it entrance to the park, which is not far from the Well House, in which build- the curlers store their curling stones. When there is skating at the park on inner lake there is invariably facilities offered for curling on the large lake, L at times, too, when skating is not at command on the large lake. Ice Boating. When the ice is in a favorable condition for use on the large lake, facili- 1 are afforded for ice boating with small-sized yachts. A few years > several interesting ice-boat races took place on the large lake, in which yachts owned by Messrs. Weed and Decker, Inspector McLaughlin, m Y. Culyer and others took part. The park ice yacht " Eagle," how- T, is now the solitary yacht sailed on the lake. There is a good stretch a half mile on the large lake from the plaza at the east end to the ithern extremity of the lake for ice yachts, and a mile and a half of cir- t sailing on the lake could be easily laid out. The yachts taken to the k, however, should not exceed the size of the Park ice yacht " Eagle." Sledding". The boys' winter sport of sledding down hill finds ample facilities for enjoyment on the hilly portions of Brooklyn, and especially at Prospect :k and the hilly slopes of Prospect Heights. There is also a short course 1 few blocks allowed by the Park Commissioners for sledding on DeKalb enue, on the northern sidewalk adjoining Washington Park from Cum- land to Raymond street. From Ninth avenue down Third street, to ^enth avenue, when the sleighing is good, there is good sport for the boys their sleds, as also on the streets and slopes leading from Ninth avenue vn to Seventh avenue on Prospect Heights. At Prospect Park the offi- [s allow sledding down the hillside bordering the Common at the Park. Sleigliiug. When sleighing is at command there is a model roadway for fast trot- 3 in front of stylish sleighs along the Ocean Parkway to Coney md, there being plenty of hotels on the route fitted up with glass front andas overlooking the boulevard, prominent among which is Mrs. we's hostelry near Parkville. Stage sleiglis run the circuit of the park passengers at twenty-five cents a head when there is good sleighing in : park. Another good route for sleigh rides is to Fort Hamilton along : New Utrecht road and also on the Eastern Parkway from Prospect Park East New York. Indoor Sports — The Bowling Clubs. A veteran writer on sports, ^n this country in an address delivered be- THE ARENA OF SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 55 fore the Society of Old Brooklynites some time ago, referred to the popularity of the game of tenpins in Brooklyn away back in the forties, After-years, however, saw the old game decline in public favor to a ver) large extent, and it was not until the German residents of New York revivec it over a decade ago that it began to attract the general attentioi which it now enjoys throughout the full extent of the metropolitai district, and especially in Brooklyn, where over a hundred bowling clubs an numbered. The game, in fact, has become the most popular recreative winter exercise in vogue in the City of Churches, all classes as well asbotl sexes patronizing the club bowling alleys of the city. Now more games an played in Brooklyn in a single week than were played in a whole year ii the olden times. There is also quite a difference in the rules of play nov to what prevailed in the forties. In the old days solid balls were used en tirely. In the game of to-day the German finger-hole ball has taken thi place of the old solid balls. Then again the modern alleys are of a superio kind to the old alleys in the early days of the game. For several year there have been bowling tournaments held in Brooklyn, the contestants ii which number from half a dozen up to ten or twenty clubs each. Thi Caruthers annual tournament is the most largely attended, no less thai 21 clubs entering its tournament for 1S92-93. Then there is the Fasten District tournament, with 15 clubs on its list of entries, and the Heise tournament, with 11 clubs, added to which is the Bushwick tournament, witl 7 clubs on the list, and the Prospect Heights tourney, with 5, as also thi Daly tournament, with 5 clubs. A woman's bowling club tourney wa: inaugurated at the Arlington alleys on March 7th, in which four club; participated, it being a great success. Women bowlers, too, are given th( use of the Carleton Club alleys, as well as those of other of the leading socia clubs in the city, once a week. The most interesting gathering of clul bowling teams in Brooklyn, however, is that of the Inter-Club Bowling League with its 9 club teams, playing under its own league rules, basec chiefly on those of the American Amateur Bowling League. The Inter- Club League comprises the Union League, Lincoln, Oxford and Auron Grata Clubs of the "Hill" district of the city ; the Montauk and Carletoi of the " Prospect Heights" district ; the Hanover Club of the Eastern Dis trict, and the Knickerbocker Field Club and the Midwood Club of Flatbush As a natter of reference the rules of the American Amateur Bowling League which govern all the Brooklyn bowling clubs in the tournaments held there, are appended. Playing Rules of the American Amateur Bowling League. As Adopted by this Association for the Season op 1891-92. Rule I. These rules shall be known as the Rules of the American Amateur Bowling League. II. The games to be played shall be the American Ten Fi-ame Game. III. A regulation alley shall not be less than forty-one inches, and shall not exceed forty-two inches, in width, IV. The spots on the alley shall be twelve inches apart from centre to centre. V. A regulation pin must be used in match games. Each pin shall be fifteen inches in height and two and one-quarter inches in diameter at the bottom. It must be flfteec inches in circumference at the body or tliickest part (four and one-half inches from the bottom), Ave inches circumference" at the neck (ten inches from the bottom), and sever iind three-quarter inches in circumference at the thickest part of the head (.thirteen and one-half inches from the bottom). VI. No balls shall be used exceeding twenty-seven inches in circumference. VJi. In the playing of match games there shall be a line drawn upon the alleys and gutter, the centre point of which shall be sixty feet from the centre of the bead, or froot 56 CITIZEN GUIDE. pin spot, measuring to the outside of the line, which~shall be continued upward at right angles, at each end, if possible. VIII. Match jrames shall be called at eight o'clock. Should either club faU to pro- duce its men thirty minutes after, the captain of the team present may claim the game. IX. In match o-araes an equal number of men from each club shall constitute the teams. In case a club^shall not be able to produce a f uU team. Id may play ; but the oppos- ing club may play its full team if present. X. In playin?, two alleys only shall be used ; the players of the contesting teams to roll successively and but one frame at a time, and to change alleys each frame. The games shall consist of ten frames on each side. All strikes and spares made in the tenth frame shall b3 completed before leaving the alley and on same alley as made. Should there be a tie at the end of the tenth frame, play shall continue upon the same alley untU a majority of points upon an equal number of frames shall be maintained, which shall con- clude the game. XI. Players must play in regular rotation, and after the first frame no changes shall be made in players or position of players, unless with the consent of the captains. XII. A player iu deliverin;? a baU must not step on or over the line, nor allow any part of his body to touch on or beyond the line, or any portion of his foot to project over the line, while atrest, until after the ball has reached the pins. Any ballso deUvered shall be deemed foul, and the pins made on such ball, if any, shall be respotted. Should any ball dehvered leave the alley before reachmg the pins, or any ball rebound from the back cushion, the pins, if any, made on such balls shall not count and must be respotted. All such balls to count as balls rolled. Pins knocked down by pins or pins rebounding from the side or back cushion shall coimt as pins down. XIII. The dead wool must be removed from'the alley after each ball rolled. Should any pins fall in removing the deadwood, such pins must be respotted. XTV. In all match games an umpire shaU be^selected by the captains of the respect- ive teams. XV". In all match games there shall be a scorer appointed by the captain of each team, whose duty it sball be to keep a correct record of the game, and, at the conclusion thereof, sign his name to the score. XVI. The umpire shall take great 'care that the regulations respecting the balls, alleys and all the rules of the game are strictly observed. He shall be the judge of fair and unfair play, and shall determine all disputes and differences which may occur during the game. He shall take special care to declare all foul balls immediately upon their occurrence unasked, in a distinct and audible voice. He shall in every instance, before leaving the alley, declare the winning club and sign his name in the score books. The decision of the umpire in all cases will be final . XVII. Neither umpire nor scorer'shall be changed during a match game, unless with the consent of the captains of the teams. XVIII. No person engaged in a match game, either as umpire or scorer, shall be directly or indirectly interested in any bet upon the game. The Montauk Club won the championship of the Inter-Club Bowling League for 1893. Bowling Organizations. The following is the list of bowling associations of Brooklyn, with the number of clubs belonging to each and the location of the bowling alleys the clubs use : ASSOCIATIONS. CLUB MEMBERSHIP. ALLEYS USED. National Bowhng Association, 21 clubs, 1411 Fulton street. Arlington Bowling Association, 15 clubs. Gates and Nostrand avenues. Interclub Bowling League, 9 clubs. On each clubs alleys. Prospect Heights BowUng Association, 8 clubs, 7th avenue and 9th street, S B. Acme Hall Bowhng Association, 7 clubs, 7th avenue and 9th street, S. B. Grolden E igle Bowling Association, 6 clubs, 127 South street. Twenty-sixth Ward Bowling Association, 5 clubs. At East New York. Never before in the annals of bowling has the game been played as during the winter of 1892 and '93, all the public alleys being well patronized, while "larger bowling resorts, like Caruthers' great bowling hall, have had THE ARENA OF SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 57 every one of the private alleys engaged by clubs all the season. One of the successes of the season, too, was the Women's Bowling Tourney at the Ar- lington alleys on Gates and Nostrand avenues, in which the Independent, Arlington No. i, Jolly Women, and Selected Ladies Clubs of Brooklyn took part once a week during March and April. The Kenilworth Club, which meets on Gates and Reid avenues, has a women membership, as have a dozen other like clubs in Brooklyn. Chess. The royal game of chess has become quite a feature of Brooklyn's in- door recreations, especially since the existing Brooklyn Chess Club was organized in 1886. For nearly fifty years, in fact, chess has been a favorite indoor game with Brooklynites, but never before has it been so extensively played as during the present decade of the nineties. Brooklyn has two prominent chess organizations in the Brooklyn Chess Club of the Western District of the city and the older organization, the Philidor Club of the Eastern District, which in November, 1892, celebrated its seventeenth anni- versary. The former club has a handsome suite of chess rooms located at 201 Montague street, adjoining the Brooklyn Library, and it is in everyway the strongest representative chess club Brooklyn has ever had. It is pre- sided over by Charles A. Gilberg, the noted American chess problem com- poser, and it ranks among its members some of the most skilled experts in the game in the metropolis. The club has daily chess sessions from 10 a. m. until midnight, and it gives semi-monthly receptions to its members and invited guests, on which occasions the most attractive of chess entertain- ments are given in the form of simultaneous game tourneys, in which some noted expert plays against a dozen adversaries in a few hours contest, or an exhibition of blindfold playing is given. 1 he dues for membership are $10, payable half yearly in advance, and the roll of members has nearly reached the limit of two hundred. The Philidor Club meets semi-weekly at 491 Broadway, E. D., and it is reached by the Union Elevated Road from either the bridge or the Wil- liamsburg ferries, the station nearest the club rooms being that of Hewes street. The veteran player, Phil. Richardson, is the club champion and president. The members of the club are mostly resident Germans. There are several chess coteries m Brooklyn, one of which meets at its members' houses in South Brooklyn, and is composed mainly of veteran Columbia College students. Another, which is of a similarly private character and which has several lady members, is the Evans Chess Coterie, which meets weekly in the "Hill" district, at its president's residence. The St. Mary's Chess Club is another new organization of the " Hill " district. The old Danites Chess Club, which once was very prominent, has occasional re- unions, but its members were absorbed by the Brooklyn Club on thelatter's organization. There is a chess club connected with the Brooklyn Young Men's Christian Association which has become a permanent organization, the new departure made by the association in its policy of encouraging manly outdoor pastimes, and rational indoor games and exercises, having proved highly successful in promoting the popularity as well as the welfare of the organization, none but the most bigoted of the religious portion of the com- munity now opposing physical education and healthy sports in the Christian Associations of the country. 5$ ' CITIZEN GUIDE. Chess tables are at free command, too, at the rooms of the Union for Christian Work in Schermerhorn street, near Boerum, and chess playing is a prominent feature of most of the wealthy social clubs of the city, that of the Hamilton Club being the strongest. Billiards. _ This most attractive indoor recreative exercise is engaged in in the billiard parlors of Brooklyn residents to an extent rivaling that of the private billiard rooms of New York city. In fact, no residence of any wealthy member of Brooklyn's best society is now considered complete without its billiard room, which is frequently in greater demand than the library room of the house. Billiards often keep the young men of the house home at nights when they might otherwise be out "seeing the sights." The time was when biUiards, as a game of the home circle, was tabooed in the " City of Churches," but that period has passed never to return, and now there is no more attractive home recreative exercise than bilhards, especially where the ladies of the household participate in the graceful exercise, as so many Brooklyn fair ones do. Brooklyn has now several public billiard resorts which are models in the great facilities they afford for a full enjoyment of the game, and in the excellent order preserved, and the high character of the patronage accorded them, the principal saloon of the city being Maurice Daly's model assem- bly billiard saloon on Washington street near the Post Office, with its twenty biUiard and pool tables and its private billiard parlor. There are small billiard saloons by the dozen in the different wards of the 'city, and most of them are well kept and patronized, the largest, in South Brooklyn, being that at Acme HaU on Seventh avenue. The time will come, and in the near future, too, when the Young Men's Christian Associations will add a billiard table to the attraction of their gymnabiums, and chess tables, just as the Catholic Christian Associations do. Roller Skating. This enjoyable exercise reached a public furore in Brooklyn a few years ago, when not only was the large building known as the Palace Rink on Clemiont avenue given up to the sport, but there was a fine rink built especially for the purpose on Bedford and Atlantic avenues, and another on Fifth avenue. The former has since been used for boxing tournaments, while the old skating rink on Bedford and Atlantic avenues has been turned into a home for several of the fashionable riding clubs of the city, the Fifth avenue rink having burned down. Roller skating has been relegated to the boys and girls of the period who revel in the sport on the asphalt pavements of the city, which afford excellent facilities for the exercise. Feiicing^. While there are no fencing clubs in Brooklyn, as there are in New York, the graceful exercise is engaged in at most of the gymnasiums of the city by the German Turners and at the National Guard Armories by the officers of the regiments, with whom the exercise is quite a favorite, it being valuable to every soldier in the National Guard. The Brooklyn Gun Clubs. Brookljm is the headquarters of most of the gun clubs of the metropo- lis, and those belonging to Brooklyn are numerous, and are, as a rule, in- THE ARENA OF SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 59 fluential organizations. There are three regular shooting grounds occupied by the Brooklyn gun clubs, viz.: The Woodlawn Park Grounds near Park- ville, the West End Grounds at Coney Island, and Dexter's Park on the Jamaica Turnpike Road near the Cypress Hills Cemetery. The latter is the most frequented of the three. The Fountam and Coney Island Gun Clubs meet at the Woodlawn Park Grounds, the former on Wednesdays, and the latter on Saturdays; the Atlantic on Mondays at the West End Grounds, the others having their monthly meetings at Dexter Park. The days of meetings and the gun clubs which shoot at Dexter's Park, are as f oUows: Waverly Gun Club, ist Monday. Long Island Sportsmen, 2d Monday. Acme Gim Club, ist Tuesday. Manhattan Gun Club, ist Wednesday. Crescent Gun Club, ist Thursday. Parkway R. & G. Club, 2d Wednesday. Unknown Gun Club, 2d Thursday. Kings County Gun Club, 3d Tuesday. Glenmore R. & G. Club, last Wednesday. Linden Grove Club, 4th Thursday. Vernon Gun Club, 4th Thursday. Falcon Gun Club, 3d Thursday. Phoenix Gun Club, 4 times a year. ieannette Gun Chib, 8 times a year, lew York German Gun Club, 8 times a year. First New York German Gun Club, 8 times a year. Downtown Gun Club, 8 times a year. Emerald Gun Club meets each month, but no distmct day. The North Side and Hanover Clubs meet at the Queens CountyDnv- insr Park at Masneth, L. I. Dexter Park is now under the supervision of the veteran Miller, and he not only caters for the gunclubsm question, but in the summer his large grounds and clubhouse are available tor outing partieseitherfor ball games, rifle shooting or other like sports. Blattmacher's shooting grounds at Woodlawn Park are reached at all times bv Culver's Coney Island Raih-oad, and in the summer time by the Sea Be£ch Railroad direct. The West End grounds on Coney Island are passed by the trolley electric car route from Smith street and Prospect Park. Dexter's Park is easily reached from the Twenty-sixth Ward terminus of the Union Elevated Road and by the electric car route which joins it at East New York. Visiting pigeon shooters going to the gun club grounds m Brooklyn can ascertain full particulars as to days of shooting of the clubs and how to reach their respective grounds on application to the veteran Madison at his shooting headquarters on Flatbush avenue near Lafayette avenue as ne is a member of nearly all of the prominent gun clubs of the city. For the information of those who visit Long Island for rod and gun recreation we give below the new game laws for 1893, applicable to Long Island which has become one of the greatest of shooting and fishing localities of the At- lantic coast e:ist of Virginia. Long Island Sporting"Clul>s. The island clubs devoted chiefly to fishing and shooting, the members of which are mainly residents of Brooklyn, include the following clubs, lo- cated mostlv in Queens and Suffolk Counties: , ,., o Suffolk ClubrBrookhaven; Amagansett Club; North bide Sportsmen 5 60 CITIZEN GUIDE. Club ; Robins Island Club, Peconic Bay ; Rod and Reel Society ; South Side Sportsmen's Club, Oakdale ; Olympic Club, Bay Shore ; Hampton Club, South Hampton ; Meadow Brook Hounds, Hempstead ; Rockaway Hunt Club. Far Rockaway ; East Hampton Gun Club Association ; Fisher's Island Yacht Club ; Meadow Club of Southampton ; Quogue Field Club ; Queens and Suffolk County Clubs ; Shelter Island Yacht Club ; Short Beach Club; Wawayanda Club, Islip; South Side Field Club, Bayshore; Great South Bay Yacht Club, Islip ; West Hampton Country Club ; Waverly Gun Club ; Bay Shore Gun Club ; Flanders Club ; Seatuck Club ; Keystone Fishing Club; ^tna Fishing Club; Lake Ronkonkoma Fishing and Gun Club ; Undine Fishing Club. Game Laws of Long Island— Wild Fowl. The counties of Kings, Queens and Suffolk on Long Island have special provisions assigned them in the new State game laws for 1893, as follows: Close season for web-footed wild fowl, except wild geese and brant, May 1st to Octo- ber 1st. Shall not be pursued, shot at, hunted or killed between sunset and daylight. Floating devices may be used for the purpose of shooting web-footed wild fowl therefrom in Long Island Sound, Great South Bay west of Smith's Point, Shinnecock and Peconic Bays, and in any part of said coimties said birds may be pursued find killed from boats pro- pelled by hand and from any sailboats in Long Island Sound, Gardner and Peconic Bays. Plover, Wilsons (Enghsh Snipe,) Rail, Sandpiper, Mud Hen, Gallinue, (irebe, Bittern, Surf Bird, Snipe, Ciu-lew, Water Chicken, Bay Snipe or Shore Birds of any kind.— Close season from January 1st to July 1st. Woodcock, Ruffed Grouse, Partridge and Grouse.— Close season January 1st to Nov- ember 1st. They shall not be sold or possessed between February 1st and November 1st, and possession thereof between January 1st and February tst is forbidden, unless proved by possessor or seller that siid birds were killed within the lawful period for killing the same in or out of the State. Quail.— On Robbins Island may be shot between October 14th and February 1st. Robins are now included among the songbirds, and cannot now be killed at any time of the year. ANIMALS. Hares. — Close season, January 1st and November 1st. Rabbits. — Close season, January 1st to November 1st. Deer.— Deer shall not be shot at, hunted with dogs or otherwise killed except from the 10th to the Itjth day of No%'ember, inclusive. Squirrels (Black and Gray).--Close season, January 1st to November Ist. FISH. Jamaica Bay.— Fish shall not be fished for, caught or kOled by any device except ang- ling, which shall be lawful on any day of the year between the first day of April and the first day of December in the waters of Jamaica Bay or the inlet thereof. No striped bass, sea bass, or black fish under six inches in length shall be taken in said waters; if any are taken, the same shall be returned to the water without any unnecessary injury. The inlet of Jamaica Bay shall not be willfully obstructed by any net or or device so as to prevent the passage of fish therein at any time. This section does not prevent the catching of eels by the use of spear or eel-v. eir, or the capture of fish for bate or shrimp by means of hand or cast nets. Speckled OR Brook Trout. — April 1st to September 1st, trout less than six inches long to be put back in the water. Black Bass and Pike.— June 1st to January 1st. No fish to be caught in any fresh waters witn any device other than angling except minnow bull heads, eels, suckers and cat- fish. Prohibited.— All shooting, hunting, trapping or fishing on Sunday; shooting wild fowl on any of the waters on Long Island between sunset and davlightwith the aid of Hcrhts or lanterns; the use of swivel or punt guns; the suRrins, netting or 1 rapping of quail or grouse, and the selling of such birds so taken. Trespassing on inclosed or cultivated grounds forbidden. Fishing Clubs. The fishing localities in the suburbs of Brooklyn include a trout stream running from Fl^t^ush to ths SheepsheadBay, private property; good fishing THE ARENA OF SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 61 waters in Sheepshead, Canarsie and Jamaica Bays, all reached by local railroads; good bass and weakfishing in Coney Island Creek and Graves- end Bay, and bluelishing with seabass, and blackbass fishing in the ocean waters facing Coney Island from the pomt to Rockaway inlet. The Coney Island Rod and Gun Club offers medals to its members for the best catches of the season in local waters, as does the Atlantic Rod and Gun Club. There is a fishing club, too, which has its headquarters in the summer sea- son at Lake Roukonkoma, Long Island, and a rod and reel club whose mem- bers enjoy fishing privileges on the south side of the island. There is a club too, which has a fine clubhouse for its Brooklyn members at Robins Island 'on Peconic Bay which has fishing as well as game presei-ve privi- leges. The annex of the Oxford Club, known as the Seabrook Club, which has trout ponds at Eastport, L. I., is also prominent for its fishing privi- leges. There are several fishing clubs which utilize Jamaica and Canarsie and Sheepshead Bays for their fishing. Equestrian Sports— Horse Kjicing, Riding, Driving, etc. The race courses of Brooklyn include that of the Brooklyn Jockey Club, located at Gravesend; the Coney Island Jockey Club, which has its race track at Sheepshead Bay; the Brighton Beach Racing Association, the track of which is located at the back of the Brighton Beach Hotel on Coney Island, and the Brooklyn Driving Park, which is a private organization. The track of the Brooklyn Jockey Club was formerly that of the Prospect Park Race Course, the Brooklyn Jockey Club taking possession of it in 1886. The Coney Island Jockey Club went into practical operation in 1888, when its track was finished. It has a running course a mile and a furlong long. That of the Brooklyn Jockey Club is one mile in circumference, and that of the Brighton Beach Association the same. The Gravesend track is reached by the Long Island Railroad from Hunter's Point, with a station at East New York, and from the Flatbush avenue depot, as also by the Brighton Beach road from Bedford and Franklin avenues. The other two pubUc race courses are reached by all the Coney Island railwnys. There are several fine ridingclubs in Brooklyn, the most prominent being that of the Brooklyn Riding and Driving Club, which owns a large and handsome clubhouse on Vanderbilt Avenue and Park Place near the main entrance to Prospect Park. Busch's Riding School, formerly the old roller skating rink on Bedford avenue, corner of Atlantic avenue, is the head- quarters of several ridingclubs, including the Adelphi, Algonquin, Brevoort, Brooklyn, East End, Prospect and Bedford Clubs. There is also a riding school on Dean street near Powers, The Parkway Driving Club is an organization which has its private drixang park on the Ocean Parkway, with Henry C. Boody as its president and Mr. Stilhvell as its secretary. It is the afternoon resort of wealthy members of Brooklyn society who pride themselves on their fast horses, and the Park is the scene of many a private trotting match. The list of riding schools and clubs in Brooklyn and their location is as follows: CLUB? AND FCHOOL8. LOCATION. Adelphi Itiding Club, Bedford avenue cor. Atlantic avenue. Algernon l{iiling Club, " " " " " Brevoort I{ id iiif,' Club, " " " " " Bedford KidinK Club, " " " " *' Bedf\l RIiFk Acad. (Adolph Buscb, director), " " " " " Brooklyn HidiiiK Club, " " " " " East End l^MinR Club, " " " " " Riding uud Driving Club, Yauderbilt avenue near Park Plaza. 62 CITIZEN GUIDE. The equestrian sport of polo was once familiar to the public at Prospect Park, the polo clubs of the metropolis having beenallowea for one season to play their games at the eastern portion of the parade ground at' Prospect Park; but since then the game has only been played on the private race course grounds near Hempstead, L. I. Polo is the most expensive field sport in vogue, and none but the very wealthy can afford to engage in it as club members. Bicycling. Brooklyn has become one of the greatest wheelmen's cities in the country. Its asphalt pavements on streets leading through prominent districts of the city, and its Prospect Park roadways and the Boulevard lead- ing from the Park afford excellent facilities for bicycling. Many of the bicycle clubs of Brooklyn have tine clubhouses, and at some of them there are facilities for billiard playing, while others have bowling teams. There is also a ladies' bicycling club lu Brooklyn which numbers over a dozen very expertlady riders. Lip to the severe winter of 1892 and 1S93 wheeling was indulged m for several years past during eight months of the year and even longer. This year, however, the sport was materially handi- capped by the snow and ice on the roadways during December, January and February. Of a fine afternoon from March to December the asphalt paved streets of the city present lively and picturesque scenes with the hundreds of wheelmen to be seen enjoying their invigorating sport, especi- aUy on Bedford avenue in the Eastern District to Atlantic avenue, and on Sixth and Seventh avenues on Prospect Heights. Here is a list of the prominent bicycle and wheeling clubs of Brooklyn which have club houses: CLUB YEAR ORGANIZED. CLUB HOVSK. Brooklyn Bicycle Club June 21, 1879. ... 62 Hanson place. Kines County Wheelmen March 17, 1881.. . .1266 Bedford avenue. Kings County Wheelmen Marcli 17, 1881 .. . E. D. Branch, 187 Clymer street. Long Island Wheelmen Nov. 23, 1882 12'^! Bedford avenue. Prospect Wheelmen Auf?. 14, 1888 304 President street. Bedford Cycle Club May 2b, 1890 980 Bedford avenue. Brooklyn KamV)lers Jan. 4, 1889 357 Flatbush avenue. Peerless Wheelmen Dec. 18, 1890 ICO Buffalo avenue, E. D. Bedford Wheelmen Jan. 2,1891 153 Division avenue, E D. ^ ^ _„ South Brooklyn Wheehnen April, 1891 Eighth avenue and Fifteenth 8t. , B. B. Montauk Wheelmen June 22, 1891 93 Prospect place. Bedford Wheelmen 182 Clymer street. Mactowak Cycling Club Feb. 7, 1892 61 Bradford street. New Brooklyn Wheelmen Oct. S6, 1892 70 Buffalo avenue. Pratt Institute Bieyc'e Club 1892 Pratt Ins., Ryerson n. DeKalb aye. Amity Wheelmen . . 2C2 Manhattan avenue, Grempomt. Centaur Wheelmen..! .....Oct. 22, 1889 302 Manhattan avenue, Greenpoint. Fiatbush Wheelmen Flatbush. There are also among the newlv organized cycling clubs the Brooklyn Roadsters, Phoenix Cvcling Club, Brooklyn City Wheelmen and the Cler- ical Cvcling Club. The wheelmen's route to almost all of the suburbs ot Brooklyn to the southeast is through Prospect Park. Entering by way of the Bridge, the rider, desirous of going to the Park, goes up Henry street to Toralemon, thence down Clinton to Schermerhorn and up that street to Flatbush avenue, and then to the main entrance to the Park. On this route the pavement is either concrete or ridable granite blocks. ■, r> ^ From Prospect Park there is fair riding along the Coney Island Boule- vard and on the Eastern Parkway, the former leading direct to Brighton Beach Going by way of the South Ferry to the Park, take Hamilton avenue, and thence up Union street to the main entrance of the Park, an VI..FULT0N:,SI.,JEEOM LAWiENCE TO COLO JTS.. AUCTIONEERS. JOSEPH HEGEMAN. ARTHUR WINNINGTON. Telephone No. 1008. Joseph Hegeman & Co., AUC TIONE ERS. SPECIAL AND PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO SALES OF FDRNITORE, &c., AT PRIVATE BOOSES, In Brooklyn, New York and Vicinity. Regular Weekly Sales on Fridays OF FURNITURE, PIANOS, CARPETS, AND MERCHANDISE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, AT THE Central Sales Rooms WILLOUGHBY, Cor. of PEARL ST., BROOKLYN. Charges Moderate and Sales guaranteed. STORAGE FOR FURNITURE, S, E. Corner of Henry and Cranberry Streeis, Brooklyn. THE ARENA OF SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 63 up-hill ride, by the way, over gpranite blocks. Taking the Wall Street Ferry there is quite a hill from the ferry up Montagfue to Clinton, thence a level road to Schermerhorn, and a hill to mount — asphalt paved — on Flatbush avenue. Appended are the rules for bicyclers in Prospect Park : I. Wheelmen may use at all limes the short path at Gate 4, from Drive to East Shelter, and path in front of same. II. Wlieelnien desiring to ro to Tennis Groimds may push wheels (rlismounted) on any path leading to Tennis Grounds from the West Drive, but shall not take wheels upon the turf. III. Wlieelmen on the way to Restaurants or Shelters may push wheels (dismounted) on the paths leadinic thereto. W heels may be left standing upon patlis at Shelter, Restau- rants and Tennis (jroimds. IV. Riding faster than 8 miles an hour in the Park is prohibited, except at Nether- mead Circuit before 9 a. m , and coasting is not allowed. This shall not prevent Safety riders from descending hills slowly under the brake, with feet on the coasting bars. V. Bicycles shall not be ridden in the Park at night, unless exhibiting a lighted lamp, VI. Wheels may bo ridden on all the paths before 9 a. m. VI (. Wheelmen will be required to keep on the right side of the road, and in passing vehicles going in the same direction, pass to the left whenever practicable. By order of the Park Commissioners. Brooklyn, September 17, 1891. Social Sporting Clubs. Appended is a list of the prominent social clubs of Brooklyn which make a specialty of indoor games, such as bowling, billiards, whist, chess, etc., together with the locality of each. Most of them are members of the Inter-Club Bowling and Whist Leagues of Brooklyn, which leagues have annual tourneys for championship honors : CLUBS. SPECIAL SPORTS. LOCATION. Aurora Grata, Bowling, Billiards, etc., Bedford ave, near Madison street. Brooklyn, Billiard.s, Chess, etc., Pierrepont street cor. Clinton street, Carleton, Bowling, Billiards, Chess, etc., Flatbush avenue cor. Sixth avenue. Elxoelsior, Billiards, Chess, etc., Clinton street cor Livingston street. Hamilton, " " Remsen street cor. Clinton street. Hanover, Bowling, BilUards, Chess, Bedford ave. cor. Rodney street, E.D. Lincoln, " " " Putman avenue near Grand avenue. Montauk, " " " Lincoln Place, near Eighth avenue. Oxford, Bowl'g.Bill'ds.Shuffleb'd, Ten., Chess, etc., Lafayette avenue cor Oxford street. Union League, " '• " Bedford avenue cor. Dean street. Midwood League, " " " Flatbush avenue, Flatbush . Knickerbocker, Tennis, Bowling, Billiards, Avenue A and 18th street, Flatbush. Hand Ball. The Irish national game of hand ball is played to a considerable extent in Brooklyn, especially in South Brooklyn, where the votaries of the exciting game assemble every day throughout the year at the Brooklyn Hand Ball Club's fine court on Degraw street a few doors east of Court street, of which court the champion hand ball player of the world, Philip Casey, is the pro- prietor. There is a smaller court lower down in South Brooklyn kept by Will Courtney, another strong player, but Casey's place is the headquarters of the hand ball players of the city. Here such well-known experts as ex- Alderman James Dunne and his son; Barney McQuade, the New York City champion ; John Lawlor, the Irish champion, and others prominent in the game meet in match games every day, the first day of the week being known as " club day." At ordinary games the gallery overlooking the court is free, but on match days an admission fee of from half a dollar to a dollar is charged, according to the importance of the contest. The court is finely fitted up with dressing rooms, shower baths, etc., and the court itself is the finest in the country. During the early spring months in March and April, 64 CITIZEN GUIDE. the professional ball players congregate daily at the court for training prac- tice. The Y. M. C. A. has a hand-ball court in its gynasium which is used in the spring for baseball training purposes. Directoi-y to Sporting Localities. Below will be found the locations of the various villages, hamlets and sporting resorts around Brooklyn, together with the distance each place is from the Brooklyn City Hall and the direction in which it lies, as also the route by which each place can be reached : El H ROUTE TO BE TRAVELED. Bath Beach 6... South Union Elev. R. B. or Bath BeachR.B. Bay Ridge 5 . . . Southwest .Third Avenue Trolley R. R. Baiii Beach Junction 5. . . . South Union Eleviiteti R. K. Bedford 3....Kast Kings County hlevated R. R. Bensouhurst ^ South Union Kiev. R. R. & Bath Beach R. R. Bush wick Junction 5. ...East L, I. R. R., Hunter's Pomt. Canarsie 6 . . .East Cauarsie R. R., East Kew York. „ , , ^ o o »i, 4. 3 ^°gs Co. Elev. R. R. to Culver R, Coney Island 8.... Southeast.. -j r. or Manhattan Beach R. R. CypressHUl 7 .. East j Kings Co. Elev. to Electric R. H. at ^^ I East New York. East New York :5 ...East... . Kings Coounty Elevated R. R. Flatbush 3 .. Southeast. .Flat bush SuifaceR. R. Fort Hamilton ..6 .. SouDhwest .3d Avenue Trolley R. R Fresh Pond 5 East Flushing R.R., Hunter's Point. Gravesend 6 — South Cxilver R. R. Greenpoint 3 — Ea.=t Horse cars, Fulton Ferry. Hunter's Point 4.. ..East j Surface R. R., horse cars and ferry I at Rockwell street. Kings Highway 6 . Southeast.. Culver's R. R. J'arkville. 4 South.. .. Culver's R. R. Ridgewood 6. . . East Union Elevated. Scheutzen Park 5 Sheepshead Bay 7. . . .Southeast. . \ Brigbton Beach R. B. or Manhattao I Beach R. R. Van Dyke Line Station 6 . . . Southeast. Culver's R. R. West End Shooting Park 6 . . . . South west.Snoith street Trolley R. R. Woodlawn Shooting Park 5....Southwest.Culver'8 R. E. PARKS AND ROADS. Brooklyn's Pleasure Grounds — Prospect Park — Washington Park — The Parkways — Driving and Bicycling Roads of Brooklyn and Long Island. Brooklyn has vied vdth the other great cities of the land in the institu- tion of i^ruiit pleasure grounds and other places of outdoor resort for the healthful recreation and amuseinents of her vast population. The people of few cities in the world arc more blessed with the facilities for innocent open air enjoyment. Besides the beautiful parks within the limits of the city, the world-famed ocean beaches at Coney Island and Rockaway are so accessible as to be almost regarded among the great breathing jjlaces of the city proper. Altogether there are in Brooklyn about fifteen public parks. The ag- gregate area of these is between 750 and 800 acres. The annual cost of improvements and maintenance is about half a million dollars. Some of the great cemeteries of the city, such as Greenwood, the Evergreens and Cypress Hills, compete with the parks in attracting multitudes of visitors during the Summer months to view their endless wealth of sculptured art, and the beauty of their scenery and landscapes. The parks and pleasure grounds of Brooklyn are as follows: Bedford Park is a small square five acres in extent in the 24th Ward, lying between Prospect and Park places and Kingston and Brooklyn avenues. It is a well wooded piece of land, and within its area is a large mansion which will be used for public purposes. The work of developing this park has just begun. BusHwiCK Park is a new and partly finished park, bounded by Suydam and Starr streets, and Irving and Knickerbocker avenues. When improved according to the plans adopted this will be a very picturesque and attrac- tive little square. Its area is about six acres. Carroll Park is a small public square embracing somew^hat less than two acres, bounded by Smith, Court, Carroll and President streets. It was established in 1S67 and is tastefully laid out in lawns and footwalks paved with concrete and planted with beautiful ornamental trees and flowering shrubs. A portion of the park especially graded is set apart as a children's playground. Improvements are now being made, which when finished will make it very attractive. City Hall Park is a small triangular square bounded by Fulton, Court and Joralemon streets, in which stands the City Hall. The site of this park was purchased in 1837 from the old Remsen estate, which at that time embraced much of the land in this vicinity and along the " Heights." The statue of licury Ward'Beecher, which now stands on a granite pedes- 66 CITIZEN GUIDE. tal in the small grass plot of this park, is soon to be removed to a more desirable site in Prospect Park. City Park, contiguous to the southeastern extremity of the Navy- Yard, is one of the medium-sized pubHc recreation grounds of the city. It comprises about seven and one-half acres and is bounded bv Flushing and Park avenues and Canton and Navy streets. The square has been very much improved during the last few years with trees, shrubs and flowers. Owing to its proximity to the docks, markets and manufacturing centers, it is frequented chiefly by the laboring and poor people. It has been the scene of many criminal episodes and does not bear a very high repute. Its site was originally a part of the muddy shore of Wallabout Bay, now chiefly oc- cupied by the Navy Yard. It was in the numerous slimy creeks and inlets of this bay that the gamins of the neighborhood were wont in former years to swim and fish with bits of twine and bent pins for tomcods and killy fish. A part of this stretch of ooze was reserved by act of Legislature for a public park and subsequently improved at an expense of $100,000. Columbia Heights Parks. — Overlooking the harbor toward the south and west are four little parklets or sort of grass-carpeted balconies at the extremities of Clark, Pineapple, Cranberry and Middagh streets, on the brink of Columbia Heights. These were reserved by the Park Commis- sioners, who did not wish to have the magnificent view of the water front and New York City entirely obstructed by the erection of public and private buildings in these spaces. Various methods were employed in preserving and improving these little plots so as to make them of public utility. Finally, on account of their limited size and the difficulty of maintenance, they were fenced in and lost thereby their chief attractiveness. Cumberland Square is a small breathing spot about three-fourths of an acre in extent, nicely planted with trees and shrubs, at the junction of Ful- ton and Cumberland streets. Highland Park or Ridgewood Park is an irregular-shaped and un- improved reservation surrounding the Ridgewood Reservoir, and lying between the Evergreens and Jewish Cemeteries. It is 46 acres in extent and is destined to be one of the most picturesque and attractive parks of Brooklyn. The site is at present woodland, and appropriations have been made toward its completion, and proceedings are pending to take some 36 additional acres and inclose them into the present reser\'oir at Ridgewood. Institute or University Park is a rather extensive triangular piece of ground to the east of Prospect Park, and separated from it by Flatbush avenue. The park is bounded on the east by Washington avenue and on the north by the Eastern Parkway, and embraces from 50 to 60 acres of elevated and gently sloping ground. The terrace portion of the park oppo- site to the plaza is occupied by an extensive reservoir of the city's water- works system. From the tower of the gatehouse of this reservoir a mag- nificent view of the surrounding city and landscape may be had which will amply repay the visitor for his fatiguing climb up the lofty flights of stone steps by which the lookout is reached. A good field glass may be procured from the keeper in charge. Save the immediate vicinity of the reservoir, the park is unimproved, and in its present state possesses little attractiveness. The buildings of the Brooklyn Museum of Arts and Sciences, an institution recently incorporated and chartered by the State Legislature, is to occupy a prominent position in this park. Leffehts' Park is a small private square a few blocks to the south of PARKS AND ROADS. 67 Tompkins Park, bounded by Throop, Tompkins and Gates avenues and Quincy street. Its area is equal to that of a city block. Pakauk Grounds, at the southern extremity of Prospect Park, and bounded by Ocean Parkway, Coney Island and Canton avenues and Parade Place, is a large stretch of level ground set apart for military parades and reviews. The reservation is 40 acres in extent, and admirably subserves the purpose for which it was laid out. The grounds are most conveniently reached by the Brooklj-n and Coney Island Electric Railway from Fulton street. It is also used for athletic sports of all kinds; there are shelters and lockers for the baseball and cricket players, and on the borders a strip of turf is reserved for eqtiestrians. The proximity of the great public park to the ocean, and the dolightful freshness of the summer sea breezes make it distinctive in its character among the pleasure grounds of the large cities in the Union. All the chief driveways, riding and bicycling roads of Brooklyn begin at the park or in its immediate vicinity and it has in con- sequence become a fashionable centre for equestrian and cycling exercise and recreation. Prospect Park. — This, the greatest of Brooklyn's pleasure groiinds, and justly esteemed as one of the linest public parks in the country, was first 2>lanned and surveyed in 1S60. During the following year additions were made to the reservation which brought it to its present area of about 526 acres. From 1S61 to 1S65, owing to the Civil War, little was done to improve the site, but immediately after the conclusion of peace rapid prog- ress was made in laying out and embellishing the Park, according to the Elans of the Commissioners. In 1S74, after about two-thirds of the work ad been completed, operations were discontinued, and have since been carried on at irregular intervals, as appropriations from the public treastuy would permit and necessity demanded. The Park is now substantially com- pleted. The park comprises the extensive tract of land bounded by Ninth, Flat- bush andjFort Hamilton avenues. Fifteenth street and Coney Island Road, and is of an irregular oblong shape, with its greatest length from north to south, The bird's-eye view on another page will give an excellent idea of the position of the Park and the method followed inlaying out the ground. The variety and picturesqueness of the landscape is exceedingly charming, and although an enormous amount of money has been expended in improving the beauty of nature, the embellishments have been such and so wonderfully adapted to their surroundings as to heighten rather than diminish the rural attrac- tiveness of the scenery. Richly wooded stretches and slopes border the beautiful expanse of lawns and meadows ; innumerable footpaths, arched overhead with interlaced and leafy boughs, intersect every nook and corner of the grounds, cross the streams by rustic bridges and wind around the borders of the broad and placid lake. Superbly macadamized roadways for carriages and bicycles, crowded with handsome equipages, cross and re- cross the park and skirt it on either side, now making the turn of a shady hill or now crossing a streamlet or gorge by an artistically-wrought bridge of iron or stone, circle in graceful curves among the groves of lofty and luxurious trees, and open upon level or undulating playgrounds, ball greens and grassy meadows. One of the chief attractions is the Lake, covering about 77 acres in extent, and occupying the southeastern extremity of the Park. In part it is a broad expanse of water with innumerable inlets and bays, studded and broken with many little wooded islets and jutting peninsulas. The 69 CITIZEN GUIDE. waters of this lake abound with fish of many vafieties, whose silvery and golden scales glint and sparkle in the sunlight as they glide in shoals from eddy to eddy. Light cedar skiffs and rowboats of all kinds are kept for hire to parties desiring an outing on the water at the exten- sive pleasure dock at the northwestern extremity of the lake. It is said that nowhere in the country is there to be found a larger fleet of boats used ; for the purposes of recreation. Besides rowboats of ever}' description and capacity, several beautiful steam launches, graceful in their outlines, safe and most comfortable in their appointment, are kept for hire to parties of larger size who desire to make a voyage of the lakes. Competent engineers are supplied and every precaution taken to guard against accidents. Parents, with their children, and parties of young people may have utmost' confidence in the skill and competence of the engineer and navigator. >, There is no record of accidents in connection with the boa^" service in Pros- ij pect Park. Courteous and obliging men are employed by the superintend- ) ent to row the boats for those who either may not wish or are unaccustomed 'i to row themselves. The fee for the service of these rowers is quite small, | and is not at all proportionate to the quiet pleasure afforded by the trip. < Young children unescorted by their guardians may be safely trusted to ' the care of these cautious and watchful boatmen, who can be depended ; upon to exercise a strict discipline over the movements of the little ones "; while afloat. A sort of rowing school has been established here to give ■ girls and ladies an opportunity of properly learning the science of rowing 5 and the general principles of managing a boat. The idea has been an ex- . cellent one, and has been taken advantage of by hundreds. The charges for instruction are regulated by the number of hours, and no arrangement need be made for lessons in advance. It is well, however, to save confu- sion or possible disappointment, after having selected a comfortable boat and a suitable pair of oars, to have it understood at what time they will be again required, so that they may be reserved for your use. All the boatnien are under the direct supervision of the proprietor, and no deviation from the . rules of courtesy and gentlemanly bearing toward the parties under their ■ care need be feared. This stretch of water, having three times the area of ' the lake in Central Park, New York City, is the best place in the entire metropolitan district for aquatic exercise. The charge for the rowboats is 50 cfents an hour for from one to three persons, if they row themselves. The charge for a rower is 50 cents per hour additional. For more than three persons the rate is 10 cents for each additional person. The charge for a trip in the steam launches is 10 cents for adults and 5 cents for children not over 12 years of age. All the boats are provided with cushions, backboards and tillers. The oars supplied are exceedi'-gly light and strong and of the most approved pattern and are chosen with a regard to the kind of boat in which they are to be used. Superfluous wraps, hand-bags, tennis rackets, etc., may be left in the check room of the boathouse. So popular is this form of recreation that frequently the lake and channels are alive with boats going hither and thither with gay parties of pleasure seekers, and it becomes a problem of navigation to escape collisions and mishaps. The boat landing is within a few minutes walk from the Plaza or Flatbush avenue entrance. This lake is during suitable weather in winter as an open air rink and is patronized by throngs of skaters. It is mainly artificial, being supplied by water pumped from wells situated on the western side of the southern end of the lake. PARKS AND ROADS. 69 The tall tower of the pumping station is one of the conspicuous objects in this part of the grounds, and may be seen from the water. The dock near by is a favorite landing place for parties of rowers. Along the borders of the lake and on some of the islands and peninsulas which stud it are very artistic rustic bowers under the shade of the spreading elms and chestnuts. Boat landmgs are near by and boating parties may vary the quality of their amusement by resting in these shady arbors and viewing the delightful scenery of the lake and its surrounding woodlands, hills and meadows. At night the shores are lighted by electricity, and all the boats on the water carry colored lanterns in accordance with the U. S. statute. The scene on the lake on a tine night is wonderfully romantic, and reminds one of the wa- ter plazas of Venice, with their gliding gondolas and flitting lanterns. Another feature of the park that contributes largely to the public ap- preciation of its charms of scenery and healthfulnessis the 'carriage service. This service consists of a large number of very comfortable and attractive vehicles so built as to afford all the occupants an unobstructed view of every- thing about them. They are always kept clean and are never allowed to get out of repair, so that their safety even when crowded need never be doubted. Strong and well-kept horses are employed in this service, and each carriage is provided with a competent di-iver'and efficient guide, who points out all the places of interest along the route. Parties of children with or without their parents or guardians find a trip on these car- riages a glorious contribution to their other sports and open air enjoyments in the park. The carriages generally stop on Lookout Hill, affording the passengers a superb view of Coney Island, IManhattan and Rockaway Heaches, the Ocean, Navesink Highlands, the Lower New York Bay, Staten Island, and the landscape eastward on Long Island. Every point of interest in the park is visited during the drive, and some rare glimpses of the beauties of the grounds are had. Carriages will be found in waiting at all the entrances and at some of the principal points in the park. The entrances to the park are eight in number, the chief one being through the Plaza at the junction of Flatbush and Ninth avenues. The others are located as follows: Ninth Ave., opposite 3d St., Ninth Ave., opposite 15th St.; Coney Island Ave., opposite i6thSt.; Ocean Parkway and Coney Island Ave. ; Flatbush Ave. and Malbone St. ; and Ocean and Fort Hamilton Aves. At the Plaza entrance to the park is the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, described elsewhere. The great Eastern Parkway begins at this point. Here carriages may most conveniently be taken. The statues and monuments in the park are: Statue of Abraham Lincoln, the Stranahan Monument, and busts of Washington Irving, John Howard Payne and Thomas Moore. These works of art may be seen during the drive. The charge for a round trip in the carriages is twenty-five cents for each adult passenger and ten cents for children. Open-air public ccal time, with Sandy Hook and HeU Gate. The Shelter Island Tribune.— It contains a wealth of statistics and gener- al intelUgonce. The Hempstead Inquirer. — Almost anything relatim; to the events of the past year can b* fov.^A within its pages. The East Norwich Enterprise.— No household should long remain unpro- vided with a copy. The Sag Harbor Express. — It is a finely gotten up work. Southampton Times. — A very valu able book of reference. The Babylon Signal— There is seem- ingly ]io question that can arise that can- not be settled by reference to this com- plete and handsome year book. The Huntington Long Islander. — We recommend it to all our readei's as a good guide to Long Island statistics. Hempstead Sentinel.-" The Citi- zen " Almanac is as brimful of every day information as could be crowded into itF pages. THE HARBOR AND DOCKS. 107 going repairs. Tebo's and Manning's dock yards are at the foot of 26th and 28th streets respectively. The Atlantic Yacht Club has its extensive basin and docks about a mile and a half further down the shore at the foot of ssth street. The w^est side of Gowanus Bay is conveniently reached by the Van Brunt Street and Cross Town surface lines, and the docks on the east side by the Third Avenue and Court Street lines. The Erie and Brooklyn Basins. Passing along the west shore of this bay one comes to the Erie and Brooklyn Basins — vast enclosed docks bounded by Hicks Street slip on the east and Van Brunt Street dock on the west. These docks, thovigh collec- tively known as the Ene Basin, are managed by different corporations. The Erie Basin, one of the largest enclosed marine depots in the country, was conceived about the middle of this century by Col. Richards and designed and built by Jeremiah P. Robinson. When the enterprise was started much of this territory was under water at high tide and the most of the re- mainder was inhabited bj- squatters who were driven off as the work of ex- cavation and spile di-iving progressed. The foundations of these immense docks are laid on spiles 25 feet in length, driven level with the surface and bedded with concrete. On this solid foundation were reared the massive revetement walls of granite which surround the whole basin. The area of the basins is about 100 acres. The granite crib work is filled with exca- vated earth and broken stone and forms one of the most stable wharf struc- tures in the world. The walls and piers encircling the basin are of enor- mous size. The principal one, which is the continuation of Columbia street, extends from Elizabeth street to the southern limits of the basin and tlience runs southward and northwestward to the entrance, an entire length of about 2,700 feet. The width of this dock is 500 feet, and upon it stands a great row of warehouses occupied chiefly as the Robinson stores and grain elevators. The basin generally contains upwards of a score of ves- sels from all natioTis discharging and. receiving c'argos. On the north side of the basin are about a dozen slips, three of which are owned by the Anglo-American Dock Company, and used as dry docks for the repair of the great ocean steamships. These immense structures will well repay the visitor for any time he may spend in viewing them, while they are perform- ing a hospital ser^nce to one of the great trans-Atlantic steamships. They were built in 1866 by a syndicate of Boston contractors and are the greatest in the United States. The largest is No. 2, which is 610 feet long, 124 feet wide at the top and 60 feet wide at the bottom. The dimensions of No. i are, length 510 feet, width at the top 112 feet, width at the bottom 50 feet. The entrances to the Dry Docks are closed by vast caissons which fit so per- fectly as to make the chambers almost water tight. After the steamship has been floated into the dock and the caissons closed the water is drawn from the chamber by a powerful centrifugal pump connected with a pipe four feet in diameter. By means of this pumping apparatus, but two hours are required to exhaust the larger basin, and one and one-half hours the smaller. Number 2 dock is capable of holding the largest vessel afloat. Nearly all the great steamships arriving in New York and needing repairs are docked here. After their collision in the Spring of '87 the White Star liners Celtic and Britannic were taken here to be overhauled. The com- peting yachts Volunteer and Thistle in the last International Race for the America's Cup received here their final polishings and examinations. Other docks in the Erie Basin are: Crane's Dock, situated at the Erie 108 CITIZEN GUIDE. Breakwater and used for the construction of railroad transportation barges; Gokey's and Hilton's Docks, where sailing vessels are laid up for repairs. The north side of the basin also contains two dry docks belonging to Messrs. Wm. Cramp and Sons. There are other docks here also used for shipbuilding or repairs above the water line. The Erie Basin is most con- viently reached by the Van Brunt Street line of horse cars from Hamilton Ferry or by the Furman Street line from Fulton Ferry. Leaving these basins, and continuing along the shore line for about a mile one reaches the spacious entrance of The Atlantic Basin and Docks. This magnificent marine enclosure lies directly opposite Governor's Island on Buttermilk Channel, by which it is approached on the water side. Its land boundaries are Hamilton avenue, Imlay and King streets. The Basin is almost a parallelogram in form and covers an area of 40 acres of water surface. Beyond all comparison this basin, with its suiTounding docks, is in the solidity of its construction and the completeness of its ar- rangement the finest in the Western Hemisphere. It was projected as early as 1839 by Col. Daniel Richards, by whom the first surveys and soundings were then made. In 1840 the Atlantic Dock Company, with a capital of $1,000,000, was incorporated, and the work of excavation and con- struction began in the summer of the following year. In viewing the enor- mous traffic of this marine market to-day it is almost impossible to realize that it was once a swampy marsh without sufficient water on its surface to be navigable anywhere for anything but the very smallest boats. Yet such it was before the work of reclamation and improvement was begun. The ebbying tide was wont to leave great stretches of the morass uncovered and the air of the neighborhood was in consequence polluted with the odor of the decaying vegetation. The more elevated portions of the ground were occupied by squatters, who formed a sort of littoral colony extending south- ward to Gowanus Bay. After five years of efi^ort on the part of Col. Rich- ards the work was undertaken and carried forward to completion by the now venerable James S. T. Stranahan who, although an octogenarian, still manages the business of this vast enterprise. The first warehouse was erected in 1844 and the first steam grain elevator in 1847. The docks are built upon spiles each about 25 feet in length, driven level with the original surface of the ground and imbedded in concrete. The dock walls are constructed of high granite blocks. The docks surrounding the basin are covered with brick and granite warehouses from three to five stories in height and about 100 feet deep and aggregating a ground area of about 20 acres. The basin contains four great piers, each about 80 feet in width and from 700 to 900 feet in length. Of these three are entirely covered in by huge storehouses. Wharf room is provided for 150 large sized vessels at once. The frontage line of the piers and basin measures about three miles in length. At low tide the water in the basin has a depth of 20 feet, making it possible for the greatest ocean steamers to load and unload here without danger of grounding. The entrance is 200 feet in width and is not closed by either gate or caisson as are the docks on the Mersey and Thames, it being possible for vessels to enter or leave the basin at the lowest tide. This is a unique and time saving advantage of this dock over the European ones. Seven of the largest grain elevators in Brooklyn are located on At- lantic Basin and all but one of them, Pinto's, are controlled by the New York Grain Warehousing Company. The gross capacity of these elevators THE HARBOR AND DOCKS. 109 is between seven million and eight million bushels, making this the greatest single grain depot in the world. The principal regular steamship lines which have their docks in the Atlantic Basin are: Barber and Co., the White Cross Line, the Bordeaux, the Union Line, the Azores and Lisbon lines, Conipagnie Nationale de Navigation a Vapeur (Marseilles Line), the Portugese Line, New York and Porto Rico Line, and the Atlantic and Pacific Line. A comprehensive view of Atlantic Docks will be found on page 3 which will give a clear idea of the location of the various wharves and warehouses. In addition to the regular lines of steamships hundreds of others belonging to the irregular or tramp class unload and receive their cargoes at these docks. Scores of canal boats are always to be found in the neighborhood of the grain elevators being lightened of their burdens. The continuous moving of shipping in and out of the basin and the bustling and puffing of a dozen saucy little tug boats give the scene a busy and very interesting aspect. No stranger to Brooklyn should leave the city without first visiting these docks, which may be easily reached by the Hamilton avenue and Van Brunt street car lines, and by the Third and. Atlantic avenue lines and their connections as well as by several other routes. Continuing northward along the East River past the Brooklyn Bridge and very many great docks piled with immense warehouses and crowded with shipping, the next wide indenture of Brooklyn's water front is reached, namely, Wallabout Baj-, which embraces Wallabout Basin and Canal on the north side and the United States Navy Yard on the south and east. Wallabout Basin and Canal. Wallabout Basin, an extensive and valuable marine enclosure about 70 acres in area facing East River, was originally an unproductive salt marsh reclaimed from the shores of the shallow and muddy bay of the same name. The wharfage aggregates nearly a mile in length and embraces three piers and seven wharves. In addition there is in connection with it the Kent avenue or Wallabout Canal, extending from Taylor to Hewes street, a distance of about a quarter of a mile, afi:ording 2,600 feet more of wharfage. Since the construction of this basin, the lowlands in the vicinity have been filled in and systematically improved and are covered with im- mense warehouses and manufactories which use the neighboring docks for the shipment of their products and receipt of raw material. The water in Wallabout Basin is 1 5 feet deep at low tide. Docking facilities are there afforded to a large fleet of steam and sailing vessels engaged in the domes- tic coastwise and Canadian trade. Perhaps the largest traffic carried on in this vicinity is the lumber business. Here among others are situated the immense lumber yards of Cross, Austin & Company, said to be the largest in the United States. The book factory of the Appleton Publishing Com- pany, the Royal Faking Powder factory, several large stone works, many iron foundries, and other important manufactories are located in the immediate neighborhood of the Wallabout Basin. The docks are most conveniently reached by the Greenpoint, Crosstown and Flushing Ave. lines and their connections. By far the largest portion of the shore of Wallabout Bay, as well as the entire island which stands in the middle of it, is occupied by the United States Government as a Navy Yard and marine hospital. The United States Navy Yard. The N. S. Navy Yard, located on the southern and eastern shores of Wallabout Bay, is owned and controlled by the Federal Government, and 110 CITIZEN GUIDE. althotigli in this sense not a Brooklyn institution, it is nevertheless one of the most important as well as most interesting features of the city. It is the chief naval depot of the country, and was during the whole period of the late Civil War one of the busiest centres on the Atlantic seaboard. It was here that numerous war vessels were built and commissioned for service in the memorable struggle; and it was in the immense dry docks of this yard that they were often brought back for repairs. The scenes in and about the yard at the time were of unceasing activity and the domestic commerce of Brooklyn thrived to an abnormal degree, owing to the great andconstant demand for supplies of all kinds, both for the construction and equipment of vessels and the provisioning of their crews. The merchantmen of many of the nations at peace with the United States were gTanted the use of the drydocks of this yard, then the largest in the country, for the making of necessary repairs. The reservation covers an area of about 144 acres, the Navy Yard proper embracing 45 acres enclosed by a high brick wall. Along the western line is more than a mile of splendid wharfage used for the mooring and loading of the national cruisers and transports. Perhaps the most attractive feature of the yard is the immense dry dock which cost about $2,000,000 to construct and is one of the finest and strongest of its kind in the United States. It is built entirely of granite, and the dimen- sions of the main chamber are: Length at top 307 feet; width 98 feet; length at the bottom 286 feet; width 35 feet; depth 36 feet. The chamber is closed with a water tight caisson, and when a vessel has been docked the water is pumped out by powerful hydraulic engines in four or five hours, leaving the enclosure dry. Another dry dock somewhat similar in its con- struction, but for the accommodation of warships of the largest size, is in pro- cess of building here. It will be about 465 feet long and 210^ feet wide at the top. The main entrance to the Navy Yard is at Navy and York streets, and is reached most conveniently by the Flushing avenue surface line and its connections. Visitors are admitted between the hours of 8 A. M. and 5 P. M. on Tuesdays and Saturdays without passes, and upon other days, excep- ting Sundays, by permits issued by the gate keeper. Strangers are not permitted to board any vessel in commission, or to enter any building ex- cept the offices of the Commandant, or to visit the Cob Dock and the receiv- ing ship Vermont. To view these and other points of interest, special passes are required, procurable at the office of the captain of the yard in the Lyceum Building. The road leading from the main entrance to the water front is called Main street. The grounds are regularly laid out in paved streets, the location and names of which, as well as all the principal points of interest in the yard, will be seen on the bird's-eye- view at page 150. The extensive marine barracks connected with the service stand to the southeast of the Navy Yard. Still further to the east and on the opposite side of Washington avenue is the United States Naval Hospital, a very handsome and imposing structure surrounded by 20 acres of ground. In this insti- tution over 500 patients may be cared for at one time. During the time of the Civil War its capacity was often taxed to the utmost. Separated from the Navy Yard proper by Wallabout Channel is a low island which has a circuit of 5,000 feet, and an area of 19 acres, and contains the extensive en- closures of the Cob Dock and Whitney Basin. On it are the residences ot the officers in charge of the receiving ship Vermont anchored in the Basin. Communication is had with the Navy Yard proper by a steam launch. This island forms a sort of breakwater and defence of the main works and THE HARBOR AND DOCKS. Ill buildings of the yard. At anchorage in the channel or moored to the wharves of the Navy Yard may be found at almost all seasons of the year one or more of the splendid warships of the United States Navy. Person.-, desiring to visit these vessels are permitted to do so on procuring a pass a.; stated above, and are provided with an escort. When not at anchor in the waters of the Na\'y Yard the cruisers sometimes lay in the cove opposite the foot of I^ast 26th street on the New York side of the East River, where they may be reached by row boats from any of the neighboring docks. The yard is under the superintendence of a Commodore of the U. S. Navy. The departments of the yard are: Yards and Docks, Navigation, Ordnance, Construction, Stearn and Electrical Engineering, Marine, Medical, Pro- visions and Clothing. Although the number of men employed in the Navy Yard varies with the extent of the operations carried on there, the average is about 2,000. This last fact is an evidence of how important a factor this institution is in the economic life of Brooklyn. The last new ship launched here was the Cincinnati, in November, 1892. Here the monitors Terror and Puritan are being built. The former is a double turret ship, and the latter a vessel of the Barbette, type for coast de- fence. Continuing along the shore of East River north of Wallabout Bay one passes a great series of docks, a great number of which are used for the storage and transshipment of Imnber, and comes finally to one of the most extensive and useful waterways of Brooklyn or Long Island City, namely, XeAvtowii Creek. Newtown Creek is a natural \vaterway running inland about 3 miles and provided at several points with canal extensions which greatly increase its docking and warehouse facilities. Along the whole line of this creek, both on the Brooklyn and on the Long Island City side, are situated lum- ber yards, ship yards, coal yards, oil, paint and varnish works, iron foun- dries, machine shops, petroleiim refineries, and an endless variety of fac- tories, whose annual product is valued at scores of millions of dollars. 'This creek, though not picturesque or at all inviting from an artistic point of view, is nevertheless one of the greatest sources of Brooklyn's wealth and prominence as a great industrial centre. It is destined to become, when the talked-of improvements have been effected, one of the finest as it now is one of the busiest and most important docking centres ou the Atlantic. JVlE/cNS OF eOMMUNie/cTION. The Post Office — Telephone Service — Telegraph Service — Messenger Service. The Brooklyn General Post Office occupies, together with the Federal Courts, the imposing granite building at the corner of Washington and Johnson streets, a location most convenient to the largest business establish- ments in the city. The building is a three-story and basement edifice with Mansard roof. In the centre of the main facade, which extends 236 feet along Johnson street, is the chief entrance to the building — an arched doorway flanked by turrets, opening into a spacious lobby, the walls of which are of granite and the ceiling of beautifully polished Tennessee mar- ble, with settings of black marble. On Washington street the building extends 135 feet and is approached through three doorways. The south- western corner is embellished by a square tower six stories high. The in- terior of the building is quite elaborately finished. The woodwork is of mahogany, very artistically carved and panelled. The corridors, which extend around three sides of the main floor, are tiled with black and white marble. The wainscoting is_of chocolate-colored Tennessee marble, sup- porting a cap and resting upon a base of black marble. On the second and third floors, galleries supported upon iron columns extend around the central court. These galleries open into the executive offices of the Post Office and the Federal Court rooms by which the upper stories of the building- are occupied. The cost of the building and site was about $1,650,000. A few figures for 1892 will give an idea of the magnitude of the busi- ness transacted at the Brooklyn Post Office. Receipts from sale of stamps, $876,859; expenditure, $601,993; profits, $274,865. The money order busi- ness amounted to $2,079,117. The total number of pieces of mail matter handled was 235,295,841. The offices and delivery windows of the General Post Office are located as follows: Entrance, or main floor: Gkneeal Information Bureau, In charge of the chief clerk, at the comer of Johnson auil Adams streets. Open daily from 7 A.M. to 7 P M.; Sundays trom 9.30 A.M. to 10:30 A.M. Gen EfiAL Delivery, (PostoRestante) windows, in the Johnson street corridor, open daily from T A. M. to 9 P. M. ; Sundays from 9:30 A. M. to 10:30 A. M. J'osTAGK Stamps, &e., for sale at retail, from three windows in the Washington street corridor; windows open from 7 A M. to 7 P. M.; Simdays froiu 9:30 A. M. to 9 P. M. PosTAGB Stamps, &>■., at wholesale from fu'at window in Johnson street corridor; open daily from 7 A. M. to 7 P. ]\1. Superintendent op Mails, first wicket in Washington street corridor. Carrikrs' Window, in Johnsonstreet corridor. Registky Department, at tue end of Johnson street corridor; open daUy, Sundays ex- cepted, irom 8 A. M. to P. M. MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. 118 Second floor: Postmaster's Office, open week days from 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. Assistant Postmast- er's Office open week days from 9 A. M. to 5 P M. Oashibr's Office, iqifu week days from 9 k. M. to 5 P. M. Money Order Depautment, open week days only from 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. Registered Letters and Parcels Department, open week days only from 8 A. M to P. M. Inquiry Office for Missing Letters, &c., open week days only from 8 A. M. to 6 P. M. Besides the General Post Office there are six branch post offices, each in charge of a superintendent, and ten sub-stations, for the convenience of l)usiness houses and residents of sections of the city remote from the cen- tral office, and to facilitate the collection and distribution of mails. At the branch Post Offices Domestic and International Money Orders and Postal Notes are issued and paid, postage stamps, &c. , sold, and reg- istry- and other postal business transacted. The hours are as follows; For sale of stamps, &c., daily from 7 A. M. to 9 P. M.; Sundays, from 10 A. M. to II A. M. For registry and money order business, from 8 A. M. to 6 P. M. week days only. The branches are indicated by letters of the alphabet and are located as follows: P. O. Station B— No. I,26t5and 1,208 Fulton street. '" " E — " 2,1^18 Atlantic avenue. " " G — " 113 Greenpoiul avenue. " " S— " Broadway, corner Willoughby avenue. " V—" 529. Fifth avenue. " " W — " Bedford avenue, comer S. Fifth street. The Sub-Stations, also designated by letters, are located within the carrier districts of the branch offices and are not delivery stations. They are sub-post offices for registry, domestic money order and postal note business, for the sale of postage stamps and other postal supplies, for weighing and rating of mail matter, and for accepting mail matter too large for street letter boxes. Being located in stores, they are subject to the business hours of the owner, except that the money order and registry bus- iness closes at 6 P. M. The Sub-stations are located as follows : Station A— Pharmacy, comer Henry and President streets. Station 0— Pharmacy, 838 Fulton street. Station D — Pharmacy, 689 De Kalb avenue. Station F — Railroad Ticket Office. 596 Atlantic avenue. Station H— Pharmacy, corner Rockaway avenue and Fulton street. Station J— Pharmacy, 586 Myrtle avenue. Station K— Pharmacy, 1,587 Broadway. Station M— Pharmacy, 518 Orand street. Station R— Pharmacy, 3(>2 Van Brunt street. Station X -Phannacy, 1,02'i Third avenue, bet. Fortieth and'Forty -first street. There are in addition to the above, 120 licensed agencies for the sale of postage stamps, postal cards, &c. , scattered throughout the city. Newspaper and Package Boxes for the receipt o( mail matter too bulky for the ordinary drop letter boxes have been placed at the following points. The contents of these boxes are collected twice daily, Sundays excepted : Atlantic avenue, cors. Smith Clinton and Bushwick avenue and Grand street. Henry sts. ; Alabama avenue, Columbia Carlton and Lafayette avenues. St. and Van SIcklen avenue. Court, comer Degraw St., Second Place, and Betiford avenue, cors. Taylor, Penn, Madison, WaiTen st. Hancock sts., Myrtle avenue, De Kalb Closson, corner Myrtle ave., De Kalb ave. avenue, ami Bergen street and Fulton st. Berkeley Place and Seventh avenue. Clermont and i\Ij'rtle aves. Broailway and Driggs street, Fhishing avenue, Concord and Biidge sts. Park avenue, Halsey, Kosciusko, Hooper, Clinton and Baltic sts. Whipple, Lynch sts. and Wythe avenue. Central ave., cor. Cedar st., and Palmetto st. 114 CITIZEN GUIDE. Henry st., and (\imbcrland st, and Greene ave. Marcy avenue, cor. Hewes and Halsey sts. De Kalb ave., cor. Clermont ave., and Sum- Montague and Hicks sts. ner ave. Manhattan and Meserole aves. Everarreen avenue and Himrod st. Naval Hospital. Fulton, corners Hoyt st., Rockaway ave., Orange and Henry sts. Clinton, Hanry, Gold sts., Patchen, Frank- Putnam and Tompkins aves. lin, Ralph ave., St. Felix St., Gallatin Place, St. James Place, Verona Place, Adelphi st. and Sumner ave. Fifth ave., cor Carroll st., Stirling Place, Third st.. Seventeenth, Twenty-first, and Ninth sts. Fourth ave and Ninth st. First Place and Court st. Flatbush and St. Mark's aves. Franklin and De Kalb aves. President, cors. Court st Heventh ave Prospect Place and Nostrand ave. Putnam and Grand aves. Park and North Portland ave. Reed avenue, cor. Macon, Hancock Decatur streets, and Gates ave. Ralph ave. and Broadway. Sumner avenue, corner Myrtle avenue. Ma con and Quincy streets and Grand, cor. St. Mark's ave., Wythe ave., Roeb- Seventh avenue, corner Seventh, Fourth, ling St., and Ewen st. Gates, cor. Nostrand ave., Classon ave., Broadway, Myrtle ave. and Lewis st. Graham ave. and Ainslie st. Garfield Place and Seventh ave. (Jreen, cor Bedford and Classon aves. Hancock and Throop ave. Humbolt and Frost sts. Hamilton ave. and President st. Kent avenue and South Eighth st. Livingston and Court st. Lorimer and North Second st. Lewis ave. and Macon st. Lee ave , cor. Division ave., Rutledge sL, La- fayette ave , Stuyvesant st., Grand and Sumner ave. Loeser's Dry Goods House. Myrtle ave., cor. Tompkins ave., Kent ave., Cumberland st., Nostrand ave., Duffield street, Adelphi street, Clinton avenue and Tenth, Eighteenth sts., Flatbush ave. Sixth ave., Flatbush ave. and Union st. Sackett and Columbia sts. Smith and Bergen sts. South Second and Hooper sts. Stuyvesant ave., Halsey and Quincy sts. Sands and Jay sts, Tompkins ave., cor. Pulaski, Fulton and Hancock sts., Greene, Gates ave., and Ellery st. Third ave., cor. Sixteenth, Fortieth. Thirty- ninth, Twenty-second, Seventeenth, Nineteenth and Fifty -fifth sts. Utica ave . and Bergen st. Vanderbilt ave. and Dean st. Van Brunt and Tremont sts. ^^'eschlerand Abraham. Washington, cor. Myrtle ave. Warren and Hicks sts. Wythe ave. and Clymer st. York and Navy sts. Jefferson street, Scattered about the city, attached to lampposts, in all the leading hotels and public buildings, are drop letter boxes for the receipt of ordinary mail matter, which is collected at intervals ranging from thirty minutes to an hour in the more frequented parts of the city, and somewhat less frequently in the residential quarters. A tablet on the face of each box indicates the hours at which collections and distribution should be made in the special district. Registered Mail. Any article of the first, third or fourth -class mail matter may be regis- tered. The fee on registered matter, domestic or foreign, is eight cents for each letter or parcel, to be affixed in stamps, in addition to the postage. Full prepayment of postage and fee is required. Every letter presented for registration must first be fully and legibly addressed, and securely sealedby the sender, and all letters and other articles must alsohave the name and address of the sender indorsed thereon in writing or print before they can be registered. Postmasters and their employees are forbidden to address a registered letter or a package for the sender, to place contents therein, or to seal it, or to affix the stamps thereto; this must in al? cases be done by the sender. Registered mail matter can only be delivered to the addressees in per- son, or on their written order. All persons calling for registered matter should be prepared to furnish reasonable proof of their identity, as it is im- possible otherwise at large post-offices to guard against fraud. A receipt MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. 115 signed by addressee and showin;^ delivery is returned to the sender of each domestic registered letter or parcel, for which service there is no extra charge. The sender of registered letter or parcel addressed to any country in the Univer.sal Postal Union may, by writing on the face of the letter or parcel "Return Receipt Demanded," have a written receipt sent back from post office of delivery. Letters or packages containing money or articles of value should be registered, and never deposited for transmission in ordinary mail. Mail matter can be registered at the General Post-Office and all stations and sub-stations, between the hours of 8 A. M. and 6 P. M. daily, except Sundays and Legal Holidays. 3Iouoy Ordor System. The money order system is intended to promote public convenience, and to secure safety in the transfer through the mails of small sums of money. The principal means employed to attain safety consist in leaving out of the order the name of the person for whom the money is intended. In this respect, a money order dilfers from an ordinary bank draft or check. An advice or notification containing full particulars of the order is trans- mitted without delay by the issuing postmaster to the postmaster at the office of payment. The latter is thus furnished, before the letter itself is presented, with information which will enable him to prevent its paj^ment to any person not entitled thereto, provided the remitter complies with the regulations of the Department, which prohibits him from sending the same information in a letter enclosed with his order. Particulars Required. — The applicant must, in all cases, write his own given name and surname in full ; and when the given name of the payee is known, it should be stated, otherwise the initial letters of the given name may be used. The given name of ifiarried women must be stated, and not those of their husbands. Domestic Money Orders may be procured at any money office, payable at any other money office in the United States, by filling out and presenting the proper application form, accompanied by the amount reqtiired and the lawful fees, which are as follows : For sums not exceeding $5, 5 cents ; over $5 and not exceeding $10, 8 cents ; over Sio and not exceeding $15,. 10 cents ; over $15 and not exceed- ing S30, 15 cents ; over $30 and not exceeding $40, 20 cents ; over $40 and not exceeding $50, 25 cents ; over $50 and not exceeding $60, 30 cents ; over $60 and not exceeding $70, 35 cents ; over $70 and not exceeding $80, 40 cents ; over $80 and not exceeding $100, 45 cents. Limitations. — A single money order may contain any amount from one cent to one hundred dollars, inclusive ; but must not contain a fractional part of a cent. No more than three orders can be used on the same day to the same remitter, and in favor of the same payee and payable at the same office. In case a money order is lost or destroyed or becomes invalid, as all money orders do after the expiration of one year, a duplicate will be issued by the department at Washington, on application therefor from either the remitter, payee or indorsee of the original, at the office of Issue or Pay- ment, and proper blanks will be furnished for that purpose at any money order post office. Payment of Orders. — Identification. — Every person who applies for payment of a money order is required to prove his identity to be the right- 116 CITIZEN GUIDE. f ul owner of the order. The payee of the money order may, by his written indorsement thereon, direct it to be paid to any person, and' the paymaster on whom it is drawn will pay the same to the person so designated, pro- vided he shall furnish proof that the indorsement is genmne and that he is the person empowered to receive payment; but more than one indorsement will render an order invalid and not payable, and the holder, to obtain pay- ment, must apply for a new order in lieu thereof, returning the original. Re-Payment of Money Orders. — Repayment of a money order can be made to the person who originally obtained it at the issuing office, and by the return of the order; but the fee cannot be returned. Postal Notes are issued for any sum, from one cent to four dollars and ninety-nine cents ($4.99), but not for any fractional part of a cent. The uni- form fee for the issue of a postal note is three cents. A postal note is pay- able at no particular office, but is payable to bearer, without identification, at any money order office in the United States. No duplicates of lost or destroyed postal notes can be issued. International Money Orders, payable in the Postal Union Countries, can be procured at the Brooklyn General Post Office, and at stations B, E. G, S, V and W. Fees. — The following fees are charged for money orders issued on any of the countries named above: On orders not exceeding $10, 10 cents; over $10 and not exceeding $20, twenty cents ; over $30 and not exceeding $40, forty cents ; over $40 and not exceeding 50, fifty cents; over $50 and not exceeding $60, sixty cents; over $60 and not exceeding $70, seventy cents; over $70 and not exceeding $80, eighty cents; over $80 and not exceeding $90, ninety cents; over $90 and not exceeding $100, one dollar. The payment of international money orders must be within twelve months after the month of issue, and is governed by the same rules as re- gards identification, signature, etc., that apply to domestic orders. In some cases the remitter forwards the money direct, and in others the post- master forwards it, giving a receipt to the sender. Change of Address. — Persons and firms changing or intending to change their places of residence or business, should promptty notify th& postmaster. Postage Rates and Conditions— Domestic. Domestic Mail Matter — First Class. The rate on all letters, sealed ov unsealed, sent to any post-office in the United States or Canada, is two cents for each ounce or fraction thereof, or one cent for each ounce or frac- tion thereof when mailed or called for at the same office. Letter rate is charged upon all packages sealed against inspection (excepting proprietary articles in original trade packages) typewritten matter, printed matter containing writing (excepting corrected proof sheets, inscribed books, pam- phlets and dated or signed circulars), postal cards to which anything is attached or on the face of which anything excepting the address is writ- ten, and all ordinary cards used as substitutes for postal cards. This class includes postal cards. The Second Class embraces all newspapers, magazines and periodical publications issued regularly and at least four times a year, and having a legitimate list of subscribers, and the rate, when mailed by the publisher or news agent, is one cent a pound, but when mailed by any others is one cent for each four ounces or fraction thereof. Limit of weight none. E FEMEIES TO WYTHE J&E. GUM ELASTIC ROOFING. Laying and Painting Gum Elastic Roofing. ■'■■■ ■/'['Ir!'- ,!" !!T!i:ii|b:.iir.i:;;-,-:Hlili llliUllllUllllin^^aii\w 1 _i jigliiii The Gum Elastic Roofing IS ABSOLUTELY NON-COMBUSTIBLE and Guaranted to last A lO years. Costs only ^2.00 per lOO square feet. Strougly'endorsed by New York Board of Underwriters. Send stamp for circulars, samples and particulars. GUM ELASTIC PAINT Costs only 60 cents per gallon in bbl. lots, or $4.50 for 5-gal. tubs. Color, dark red. Will stop leaks in Tin or Iron Roofs that will last for years, Gum Elastic Roofing Co., 41 West Broadway, New York City^ Old Roofs Repaired and New Roofs put on and warranted. ESTIMATES FREE. MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. 117 Second-class matter must be wrapped so as to allow easy inspection by the Postmaster. Third-Class. The rate of postage on third-class matter is one cent fn- each two ounces or fraction thereof, fully prepaid by postage stamps. This class embraces books, pamphlets, and all matter wholly in print on paper (and not included in the second-class), such as printed hand bills, cards, labels, calendars, printed postal cards mailed in bulk, legal and insurance blanks, photographs, blank check and receipt books, engravings, litho- graphs, re-productions by hektograph, cyclostyle, or mimeograph or other similar process ; but the following articles, although bearing printing, are not included in the third-class, but are fourth-class matter : Printed letter heads and bill heads ; envelopes printed or unprinted (except when one or two with printed address are in enclosed with third-class matter for reply), printed or unprinted blotters, blank books, playing cards, dissected maps or pictures, oil or water color paintings, crayon, pencil, or pen and ink drawings, paper patents, paper sacks and wrappng paper with printing thereon, photographs retouched in India ink or water colors, unprinted postal cards mailable in both. Limit of weight four pounds. Matter of this class must be so tied or wrapped as to permit easy examination. Fourth-Class. The rate of postage on fourth-class matter is one cent for each ounce or fraction thereof, which must be fully prepaid by postage stamps. This class embraces merchandise, samples, and all articles (not in themselves unmailable), which are not embraced in the first, second or third-class. Seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots, scions and plants are mailable at the rate of one cent for every two ounces or fraction thereof. Under this head are included samples of wheat and other grain in its natural condition, seedling potatoes, beans, peas, chestnuts and acorns. Not, however, sam- ples of dour, rolled oats, pearled barley, or other cerels which can only be used as articles of food ; or cut flowers, dried plants and botanical speci- mens, which are all subject to postage at one cent per ounce ; or foreign nuts aflid seeds (such as the coffee bean), used exclusively as articles of food. The limit of weight of each package is four pounds. Matter of this class must be so wrapped or packed to be easily inspected, and when of dangerous nature so secured as to prevent damage to the other contents of the mail bags and the post-office employes. In general, mail matter of the second, third and fourth-class may bear simply the address of the intended recipient and the sender. To the latter the word "from" should be prefixed. Second-class matter may bear the inscription "marked copy," or v\^ords directing attention to passages contained therein. Unmailable matter embraces all obscene or lotterjr literature, any matter otherwise mailable bearing inscriptions of scurrilous or defamator}^ charac- ter, and all materials of an essentially destructive nature. Concealing matter of a higher class in that of a lower class is an offense punishable by $io fine. Postage due on mad (the amount indicated by postage due stamps affixed to the letter or package), is collectable before delivery. Letters alone may be withdrawn by the person depositing them or his agent within an hour after their receipt at the general post office. Applica- tion must be made to the assistant postmaster before 3 P. M., and a fac- simile to the envelope used and of the address in the same handwriting must be presented. Foreign Mail Matter. All countries, except those enumerated in a succeeding paragraph, are 113 CITIZEN GUIDE. included in tjie Universal Postal Union, between which a uniform postal tariff obtains. The rates of postage on mail matter posted in the United States and addressed to countries included in the Universal Postal Union (excepting the Dominion of Canada and Mexico), are as follows: Letters, per one half ounce, five cents. Postal cards, each, two cents. Newspapers and other printed matter, per two ounces, one cent. Commercial papers: Packets not in excess of ten ounces, five cents; packets in excess of ten ounces, for each two ounces or fraction thereof, one cent. Samples of merchandise : Packets not in excess of four ounces, two cents; packets in excess of four ounces for each two ounces or fraction thereof, one cent. Registration fee on letters or other articles, eight cents. Ordinary letters for countries of the Postal Union (except Canada and Mexico), will be forwarded whether any postage is prepaid on them or not. All other mailable matter must be prepaid at least partially. Mail matter for the Dominion of Canada and Mexico is subject to the same rates and conditions as domestic mail. The following articles are absolutely excluded from the mails to these countries : All sealed packages, excepting letters; all packages (excepting single volumes of printed books) weighing over fovu" pounds six ounces, and publi- cations which violate the copyright laws of these countries. From the mails to Mexico are excluded liquids, pastes, confections, etc. The rate on seeds, etc., to Canada is one cent per ounce. The countries not embraced in the Universal Postal Union are: China, to which all matter may be registered; Cape Colony and the Orange Free State; Morocco (except the European post offices therein); Madagascar (ex- cepting St. Mary's, Tamatave and Majanga): Ascension and St. Helena. The rates to these countries are, for letters ten cents for each half ounce or fraction thereof) for newspapers, etc., two cents for each two ounces or fraction thereof Dutiable articles received as'mail matter'are detained by the Customs Department of the post office and notice of their detention is sent to the addressee, who receives the same upon application and payment of the duties. Duty on books is collected on delivery. Books printed in foreign languages are free. Liocal Deliveries. There are four forms of delivery of ordinary, non-registered mail mat- ter: One, by carriers; two, through lock-boxes; three, at the "Poste Res- tante" or General Delivery; fourth, by special delivery messengers. There are on an average seven deliveries by carriers daily throughout the most populous part of the city, and at least three in the scattered districts. The first delivery begins at 7:15 A. M., the last 6:40 P. M. Pieces of mail bearing "Special Delivery Stamps" are the only ones delivered on Sunday. Carriers are required to deliver no mail matter except to the persons addressed or their authorized agents; to receive all prepaid letters, postal cards, and small packages handed them for mailing while on their routes; and to col- lect any postage that may be due on mail matter delivered by them. In certain surburban districts they are required to carry a limited number of postage stamps for sale to the public. They are forbidden to deliver any mailable matter which has not first passed through the mails. They are not required to deliver heavy or bulky packages. A notice to call at the MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. ' 119 nearest post office for any package of this kind is sent to the person whose address it bears. All ordinary mail matter may be delivered through lock-boxes to the lessees, their employees, members of their families or lirms, and their tem- porary visitors or guests. All letters or other mail parcels bearing in addition to the "address the words " Poste Restante" or "To be called for" are placed in the Poste Restante at the general post office to be called for. AH matter failing of delivery or lackmg the street or box address, and for which correct ad- dresses cannot be found in the city directories, is likewise placed in the Poste Restante. Letters, etc., bearing the address of the sender are re- turned within thirty days if no shorter time is specified on their envelopes. Clerks conversant with almost all foreign languages are on duty at the foreign delivery widow. Local letters are not advertised, and after re- maining unclaimed in the Poste Restante for thirty days are sent to the Dead Letter Office, Washington. All foreign mail matter of ostensible value is advertised. On Sundays residents of the different districts can ob- tain their mail at wickets of the branch offices during office hours on pre- sentation of reasonable evidence of their identity. Special Delivery. The law establishing the special delivery system provided for the issue of a special stamp, of the face valuation of ten cents, which when attached to a letter or package (in addition to the lawful postage thereon), will entitle such letter or package to special delivery within the carrier limit of a free delivery office between the hours of7A. M. andii P. M., and within a radius of one mile from the Post Office; at all other offices between 7 A. M. and 6 P. M., by messengers who, upon delivery, will procure receipts from the parties addessed or some one authorized to receive them. Posting Special Delivery Letters. — Special delivery letters (particularly those intended for delivery in'.Brooklyn) should be posted either at the Gen- eral Post Office or at one of the stations. Special deliver)^ stamps may be purchased at the General Post Office, or at any of the stations, sub-stations or stamp agencies. Telegraphic Service. No country in the world excels the United States 'in the extent and completeness of its telegraphic service. The Western Union and Postal Telegraph Companies cover the country with their aerial system of wires as with a vast metallic net. Every city and town and almost every village and hamlet in the land is in direct telegraphic communication with the ^reat centres of commerce and population. In Brooklyn and on Long Island the service is very extensive and satisfactory. The telegraph offices throughout the island, except m the cities, are closed generally at 8 o 'clock in the evening. Besides these two great companies the American district and Brooklyn District Messenger Companies provide Brooklyn with tele- graphic service. The main offices of the Western Union Company for Brooklyn are at 369 Fulton street; those of the Postal Telegraph Cable Company are at 168 Montague. ' Telegraph offices in Brooklyn are located as follows (those marked with an asterick are open all night): 120 Cl'riZEN GUIDE. Western Union Offices:— *i 7 Adams St.; Annex foot Fulton St."; *At- lantic Ave., cor. Flatbush Ave. (L. I. R. R. Depot); *Atlantic, cor. Frank- lin Ave. (L. I. R. R. Depot); 2659 Atlantic Ave.; *io74 Bedford Ave.; 1233 Bedford Ave.; 26 Broadway; *i53, '-^loSo, and 1364 Broadway; Bushwick Depot L. I. R. R. ; 4 and *325 Court St. ; 6S9 Dekalb Ave. ; --420 Fifth Ave. ; *3 1 3 Flatbush Ave. ; *369; Loeser's; *726, 860, *i 719, 2069 Ftdton St.; 578 Grand St.; 14S Greenpoint Ave; 71 Hamilton Ave.; Manhattan Cross- ing; *4i4 Myrtle Ave.; Navy Yard; North Ninth St., cor. Rent Ave.; *242 Sumner Ave.; 734 and 1179 Third Ave.; 37 Washington Ave.; Eagle Office, Washington St., cor. Johnson; 623 Wythe Ave.; and Hotel St. George, Hicks, cor. Clark St.; Fulton St., cor. Tompkins Ave. Postal Telegraph Cable Company's Offices: — 168 Montague; 596 Atlan- tic; 98 Broadway; 746 Flushing; 1306 Broadway; 1587 Broadway; 7 Brook- lyn; 2 Court; 328 Court; 335 Dekalb; 194 Ewen; 453 Fifth Ave. ; 426 Ful- ton; 7 Greene Ave.; 1 100 Fulton; 838 Fulton; 81 Greenpoint Ave. ; Howard House Entry; 93 North Third, 84 Seventh Ave. For offices of the American District Telegraph Co. and the Brooklyn District Messenger Co., see page 125. Telegraphic Rates and Conditions. The words contained in the body of a message alone are charged for. The date, address and signature are transmitted free of charge. Messages may be of any length. Specilic regulations are printed on the back of each message blank. Local Rates: — For messages between points in Brooklyn and New York City, Jersey City, Newark, Bay Ridge, Flatbush, Fort Hamilton, Hoboken, Weehawken, and many of the nearby towns, the charge is twenty cents for ten words and one cent for each additional word. Continental and Foreign Rates: — The rates to a few places only can be given here. These, however, will indicate the cost of sending mes- sages to points throughout the country. Messages containing ten words besides the address and signature are forwarded from Brooklyn to the following points at the rates named: Al- bany, N. Y., 25 cents; Alleghany, Pa., 25 cents; Atlanta, Ga., 50 cents; Boston, Mass., 25 cents; Baltimore, "iVId., 25 cents; Buffalo, N. Y., 25 cents; Chicago, 111., 50 cents; Cincinnati, O., 40 cents; Cleveland O., 40 cents; Colombus.O., 40 cents; Cambridge, Mass., 25 cents; Camden, N. J., 25 cents; Detroit, Mich., 40 cents; Denver, Col., 75 cents; Dayton, O., 40cents; Fall River, Mass., 25 cents; Grand Rapids, Mich., 50 cents; Indianapolis, Ind., 50 cents; KansasCity, Mo., 50 cents; Lowell, Mass., 25 cents; Louis- ville, Ky., 50 cents; Milwaukee, Wis., 50 cents; Minneapolis, Minn., 50 cents; Memphis, Tenn., 50 cents; New Orleans, La., 60 cents; New Haven, Conn., 25 cents; Nashville, Tenn., 40 cents; Omaha, Neb., 50 cents; Providence, R- L, 25 cents; Pittsburg, Pa., 25'cents; Reading, Pa., 25 cents; Richmond, Va. , 35 cents; Rochester, N. Y., 25 cents; Scranton, Pa., 25 cents; Syracuse, N. Y., 25 cents; St. Paul, Minn., 50 cents; St. Louis, Mo., 50 cents; San Fran- cisco, Cal., $1.00; Toledo, O., 40 cents; Troy, N. Y., 25 cents; Trenton, N. J., 25 cents; Wooster, Mass., 25 cents; Washington, D. C, 25 cents; Wil- mington, Del., 25 cents; and the cities of Middle and Eastern Canada, 40 cents. Night messages forwarded during hours when business is slack on the Great Trunk lines are charged at half the regular rate, but 25 cents is the MEAKS OF COMMUNICATION. 121 minimum sum received in payment for any message. Telegrams are deliv- ered and answers received by messengers within the city limits free of charge on week days between 7.30 A. M. and 9 P. M. Out on Long Island messages are delivered free within one half mile of the receiving stations, which are generally situated on the line of the Long Island Railroad. When the distance is gi'eater than one half mile the charge is regulated by the actual cost of the messenger employed and usually amounts to 25 cents for the first additional half mile and 25 cents for each mile thereafter. The officers of the company are instructed to make the cheapest delivery possible in keeping with celerity. Persons may order their messages delivered to their Post Office Boxes, and receive them along with their mail, thus saving delivery charges. Cable Telegraph System. Trans-Atlantic and South American and West Indian telegraph cables have their main offices for North America in New York. The principal European and South American cables are m^anaged by the following com- panies: American Telegraph and Cable Company, 195 Broadway; Anglo- American Telegraph Company, 8 Broad vSt. ; Commercial Cable Company, I and 3 Broad St. ; Compagnie Francaise du Telegraphe de Paris and New York, 34 Broad St.; The Direct United States Cable Company, 40 Broad- way; The Pedro Secundo American Telegraph and Cable Company, 44 Broadway, and the Central and South American Cable Company, 39 Wall St. Messages over any of these lines may be forwarded from Brooklyn by the Local Telegraph systems without any additional fee. A Tariff of Rates agreed upon by all the Atlantic cable companies is in force. Messages may be written iii any language using Roman letters. The maximum length of a cablegram word is ten letters. Should a word con- tain more than ten letters, every ten or fraction thereof is counted a word, except the names in the address. Groups of figures are counted at the rate of three figures to a word. Groups of letters having a secret meaning can be em- ployed only in government messages. To seciire accuracy a message may be repeated at an additional cost of one-quarter the ordinary rates. Replies may be prepaid. Cable Messages are delivered free within the city limits. Cable rates per word to some of the most important cities and countries are as follows: Austria, 34 cents; Belgium, 30 cents; Bosnia, 36 cents; China, Si. 96; Cyprus, 64 cents; Denmark, 35 cents; Eg^-pt, about 60 cents; France, 25 cents; Germany, 25 cents; Gibraltar, 43 cents'; Great Britain and Ireland, 25 cents; Greecf3, 43 cents; Holland, 32 cents; India, $1.23; Italy, 32 cents; Japan, $2.21; New Zealand, $2.74; Norway, 35 cents; Persia, 84 cents; Portugal, 39 cents; Russia, 43 cents; Sardinia and Sicily, 32 cents; Spain, 40 cents; Sweden, 39 cents; Switzerland, 30 cents. To South and Central American Points: The rate per word to Guate- mala and other Central American Republics is about $7; Argentine Repub- lic, $1.75; Brazil, $1.55; Chili, $2.41; Colombia, Ss; Peru, $2.25; Uruguay, $1.96. Teleplione Systems. The Telephone systems afford the public the most unique, direct and satisfactory means of communication at present in existence. By the tele- phone the delays and the misconstructions incident to the telegraph, postal and messenger sen'ices are entirely obviated. The paramount 122 CITIZEN GUIDE. advantages of the system are the rapidity of the service and the possibiUty of the negotiating par- ties conversing as freely and fully as though they were face to face, while in reality they may be hun- dreds of miles apart. Business which would ordinarily take weeks to transact can thus be begun and ended in a few minutes. The New York and New Jersey Telephone Company provides Brooklyn and Long Island with a most efhcient telephone service. The central office and largest exchange of this company is at i6 Smith street. Other large exchanges are located at convenient points. All of the subscribers' lines centering at these offices are conducted underground almost exclusively, and a comprehensive system of underground trunk lines connect;^ the various central offices together. Hereafter anything like a serious break-down, due to storms or blizzards, which have heretofore in- terrupted communication in large cities, cannot occur in Brooklyn. The equipment of subscribers' stations is of the highest class known to the telephone art; and it is possible to talk with entire satisfaction from metallic circuit subscribers' stations to any point reached by the long dist- ance wires, including Chicago and all intermediate points in the West; Baltimore and Washington in the South; and Boston and Portland in the East. There are about 4,700 subscribers in Brooklyn. There are in use over 12,000 miles of wire, of which over 8,000 miles are underground. The telephone business is unique in the commercial world, as being the only one which can be done cheaper on a small scale than in a wholesale way. The reason for this paradox cannot be stated in a few words, but is due principally to the fact that, while the income from subscribers bears a direct ratio to their number, yet the cost of apparatus and the plant re- quired to provide the necessary facilities for inter-communication increases at a much greater rate. While the actual sum of money paid for the use of the telephone in Brooklyn is somewhat higher than in small cities, yet when the quality of service and the number of miles of wire over which the subscriber talks are considered, it may fairly be said that the Brooklyn subscriber has the cheapest and the best telephone service in the world. The New York and New Jersey Telephone Company has about 600 em- ployees, 200 of whom are girls (who operate the switchboards at the various offices). This company has complied with the underground law, and as a result nearly two thirds of its wires are buried. In addition to the under- ground system, there are a large number of cables connecting with New York City by the Brooklyn Bridge and with points on Long Island. Under the North River and the Harlem River there is a complete system of sub- marine cables connecting Brooklyn via the City of New York with the North and West. Altogether the problem of telephoning in Brooklyn has been solved in a manner whose success is reflected in the satisfaction ex- pressed by a great majority of the subscribers of the company. S AVE, BICYCLES. THE NAME OF SCHWALBACH Is so well known and has been so long identified with the retail That we wish to IMPRESS on the public mind that he is ONLY CONNECTED "WITH ONE FIRM, and that is Chas. Schwalbach, FRANKLIN AVENUE ENTRANCE TO PROSPECT PARK. : : : : : j NINTH AVENUE AND UNION STREET, Branches-.^ j^^^ 450 BEDFORD AVENUE. The only indoor TRAINING SCHOOL in Brooklyn WHEELS SOLD ON EASY TERMS. MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. 123 A comparatively new feature of the business is the increasing number of pay stations distributed over the city, so that the residents who do not have the telephone in their houses have but to walk a short distance to places where, at a moderate charge, they may telephone to their friends in any quarter of the Island or to any point reached by telephone. The fee for a local message from any pay station to any other telephone in Brooklyn, is lo cents. Long distance messages are charged at a rate proportionate to the distance. Pay Stations, indicated by the sign of the Blue Bell, and equipped with long distance instruments and cabinet sound-proof booths, are located wherever there is business to warrant them. The following is a complete list of pay stations in Brooklyn: — 89 Atlantic ave (Henry st), 404 Atlantic ave (Bond st), 596 Atlantic ave (Flatbush ave), 2469 Atlantic ave (East N. Y. depot), Atlantic ave cor. Elton st, 369 Bedford ave (South 5th st), 433 Bedford ave (South Ninth st), 994 Bedford ave (De Kalb ave), 1071 Bedford ave (Lexington ave), 1074 Bedford ave (Greene ave), 1145 Bedford ave (Madison st), 1222 Bedford ave (Hancock st), 1233 Bedford ave (Halsey st), 14 Boerum st (Broadway), 22 IJroadway (Kent ave), 153 Broadway (Bedford ave), 516 Broadway (Union avei. 1080 Broadway (Reid ave), 1205 Broadway (Lafayette ave), 1316 Bush- wick ave (Covert st), 404 Central ave (Palmetto st), 13 Chauncey st (Lewis ave), 51 Clark st (Hicks st), 397 Classen ave (Greene ave), Court House, Kings Co, 2d floor, 2 Court st (Fulton st), 191 Court st (Bergen st), 325 Court st (Sackett st), 32S Court st (Sackett st), 261 Dean st (Nevins st). Dean st and Sackman st, 231 De Kalb ave (Clermont ave), 236 De Kalb ave (Cler- mont ave), 335 De Kalb ave (St James Place), 346 De Kalb ave (Ryerson st), 140 East New York ave (Powell st) 420 Fifth ave (Eighth st), 445 Fifth ave (Ninth st), 559 Fifth ave (Fifteenth st), 313 Flatbush ave (St. Marks ave), 252 Franklin ave (De Kalb ave , 33S Franklin ave (Greene ave), Fulton st (Foot of), 5 Fulton st (Water st), 285 Fulton st (Tillary st), 369 Fulton st (Opp. City Hall), 371 Fulton st (Arbuckle Building), 460 Fulton st (Elm Place) 505 Fulton st (Bridge st), 518 Fulton st (Hanover Place), 631 Fulton st (Roclcwell Place), 670 Fulton st, (So. Portland ave), 725 Fulton st (Lafayette ave), 726 Fulton st (Cumberland st), 793 Fulton st (Cumberland st), 838 Fulton st (Vanderbilt ave), 981 Fulton st (St. James Place), iioo Fulton st ( Franklin ave), 1 107 Fulton st (Ormond Place), 1 1 79 Fulton st (Spencer Place), 1719 Fulton st (Marion st), 1831 Fulton st (Buffalo ave), Fulton st and Van Sicklen ave, 235 Gold st (Concord st), 288 Grand st (Marcy ave), 578 Grand st (Lorimer st), 7 Greene ave (So. Oxford st), 19 Greene ave (Cumberland st), 1 78 Halsey st (Marcy ave), Halsey st and Ralph ave, 71 Hamilton st (Van Brunt st), 247 Hewes st (Marcy ave), 149 Lafayette ave (Carlton ave), 322 Lafayette ave (Grand ave), 487 Manhattan ave (Freeman st), 543-5 Man- hattan ave (Dupont st), ]\Ianhattan ave and Greene st, 613 Marcy ave (Willoughby ave), 947 Marcy ave (opp. McDonough st), 168 Montague st (Clinton st), 360 Myrtle ave, 406 Mvrtle ave (VandeVbiltave), 448 Myrtle ave (Waverly ave), 679 :Mvrtle ave (Bedford ave), 127S Myrtle ave (Cedar st), 107 Nevins st (opp Wyckoff st), 239 Ninth st (Fourth ave), 439 Ninth st (Seventh ave). Pacific st and E N Y ave, 207 Park ave (Clermont ave), 471 Park ave (Franklin ave), 76 Pennsylvania ave (nr. Atlantic ave), 25 Putnam ave (Grand ave), 48 Putnam ave (Irving Place), 26S Putnam ave (Nostrand ave), 263 Reid ave (Macon st), 97 Sands st(Jav st), 84 Seventh ave (Berkeley Place), 16 Smith st (Fulton st), 251 Smith st (Douglass st), 379 South Second st (Hooper st), 242 Sumner ave (Lexington ave), 345 Sumner ave (Putnam 124 CITIZEN GUIDE. ave), Thirty-ninth st and Second ave, 703 Third ave (22dst), 619 Throop ave (Decatur st), 417 Tompkins ave (Hancock st), 336 Union st (Smith st), 752 Union st (Cor Sixth ave), 143 Washington st (near Sands st), 284 Washington st (Johnson st), 231 Willoughby st (Jay st), 63 Wythe ave (Ross st). The following towns on Long Island are connected with the Central Office by Long Distance Telephones, through which of course they can again be connected with any individual telephones besides, thus affording the most complete service possible. Astoria, Babylon, Baldwins, Bath Beach, Bay Ridge, Bay Shore, Bay Side, Bayville, Blythebourne, Brooklyn, Coney Island, Corona, Cypress Hills, East Moriches, East Norwich, Far Rockaway, Flatbush, Flatlands, Flushing, Freeport, Glen Cove, Gravesend, Great Neck, Hempstead, Islip, Jamaica, Lawrence, Little Neck, Long Island City, Middle Village, Wood- haven Junction, Newtown, Oyster Bay, Ozone Park, Port Washington, Richmond Hill, Rockville Centre, Roslyn, Sands Point, Sea Cliff, Sheeps- head Bay, Steinway, Van Pelt Manor, West Brighton, and Whitestone. It is intended to extend the line further East on the Island wherever business warrants the expenditure. The value of this means of communication to the commercial world may be judged from the fact that 10,250,000 messages are transmitted annually through the Brooklyn Exchanges — a daily average of 3,000. Complete directories of the subscribers to the telephone service in the metropolitan districts are to be found in all pay stations, where every ac- comodation is afforded the patrons of the system. Messenger Service. The Brooklyn District Messenger Company, with executive offices at 369 Fulton street, and the American District Telegraph Company, with head offices at Montague corner Clinton street, combine to provide the city of Brooklyn with a most efficient messenger service. A force of several hundred boys in uniform is maintained. In addition to this the equipment includes several thousand automatic electrical call boxes, connected with the nearest offices of the messenger companies and with the police and fire de- partments. These call-boxes are small electrical signal instruments operat- ed with a crank moved through different distances on the arc of a circle and then released — the distance depending upon the service required. As it is possible to summon by these instruments a messenger boy, a policeman, a doctor, or the fire department, persons not familiar with their use should carefully read the instructions printed on the face of the box. Call-boxes are furnished under a peculiar agreement, viz: For the charge of $1.25 per month, the company supply the box and its wire connections with the svp*-em and provide a special watchman who patrols at least twice during each night the immediate neighborhood of the building in which the box is placed. No special charge is made for the ordinary use of these boxes, but only for the services of the messengers summoned. Messenger boys are always in waiting at the offices of the company. Messenger Rates. — The regular charge for messenger service is based upon the standard rate of thirty cents an hour. Detentions are charged at the same rate. All oersons employing messengers should write plainly upon the tickets presented to them the amount paid and the destination of the message, to prevent extortion and miscarriage. Messengers can be called from the first class hotels and restaurants and many other public places at any hour of the day or night. MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. 125 Messenger Offices of the diflEerent companies are located at the follow- ing points. These offices are never closed : American District Telegraph Company. — 91 Clinton street, Executive Offices 168 Montague street, 328 Court street, 7 Green avenue, 1100 Fulton street, 7 Brooklyn avenue, 64 Seventh avenue, 335 DeKalb avenue, and 2 Court street. Brooklyn District Messenger Company.— 1074 Bedford avenue, 1233 Bedford avenue, 1080 Broadway, 325 Court street, 420 Fifth avenue, 313 Flatbush avenue, 726 and 1719 Fulton street, 448 Myi'tle avenue and 242 Sumner avenue. EDUCATIOI^AL IJMSTITUTIONS. The Public School System — Colleges, Institutes, and Academies- Schools of Art, Music and Medicine — Libraries — Newspapers. During the early history of the village of Brooklyn, as throughout th'; other Dutch colonies, education was fostered by the ecclesiastical author- ities. Beyond the pale of the church there was little or no attention paid to either public or private instruction. The first record of educational work in Brooklyn was the appointment on July 4th, 1660, of a certain Carrel de Beauvois to the position as teacher of a Parish school, located on Red Hook Lane in a little church edifice near what is now the junction of Fulton and Bridge streets, about a pistol shot from the present office of the Board of Education, established for the benefit of the youngsters of the then strag- glino- hamlet. This worthy dominie received for his services the entire tax or contribution levied for school purposes, and performed his work subject to the authority of the church consistory. His duties, and those of his successors, were more varied than can well be imagined at the present day. He taught the children — the branches of study being limited to reading and spelling, the curriculum at that time not even including arithmetic — led the church choristers, acted as a lay-reader and sexton, tolled the church bell, conducted the funerals, dug the graves, for small fees attended to all the details of the baptismal services, and served as messenger to the consistory; nor were these tasks merely perfunctory, he was under signed contract to perform them. The simplicity of the curriculum of this early day is readily explained by the multiplicity of the engagements of the teacher. The pro- gress from this stage was slow indeed, for it was not until 1749 that we find any attention paid to tha higher branches of education, when some inde- pendent schools were established, relying for their maintenance upon the patronage of those desiring a higher training than could be gotten in the jhurch schools. After this day advancement was rapid, and checked only luring the seven years of the Revolutionarv War. In 1805 the Public School Society of New York established in that city several free schools and Brook- lyn, jealous of this progress, began to reach forward in the same direction. In 1 3 16, after prolonged an 1 obstinate resistance on the part of those pre- judiced in favor of the old systems of education, there was estabhshed m Brooklyn the first free school, supported in part by a tax on the inhabitants of the district and in part by a tuition fee of $1.50 per quarter, which fee provided everything necessary for instruction. The new school was under the control of a board of three trustees and the first teacher was Judge John Dikeman. The number of scholars who presented themselves on the first day was sixty-three. The school building stood at the corner of Concord and Adams streets, subsequently the site of public school No. i. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 127 At this time there were in all 553 children in the district who did not attend school. Since this time nothing has checked the progress of the educational system in Brooklyn, a progress which has not been surpassed or even rivalled by any other American city. The present school system is con- trolled by the Board of Education with executive officers at 151 Livingston street. This Board is appointed by the Mayor and consists of forty-five members who serve gratuitously for three years. The term of one- third of the members expires annually and the vacancies are filled by new appoint- ments. The Board appoints the executive officers, to whose care is en- trusted the management and general supervision of the entire sj'stem. This system at present embraces day, evening and industrial schools. Efforts are being made to establish well equipped manual ti-aining schools to meet the exigencies of a city whose manufacturing interests have so wonderfully developed in the past few decades. There are in all eighty-six public school buildings, affording accommodations for 96,385 pupils. These pupils are under the care of 2,185 teachers. The number of pupils enrolled is many hundreds in excess of the school accommodations, but new build- ings are being erected to provide for the natural demands of a so rapidly growing city. The enrollment in the evening schools is about 12,500 and the average attendance 4,200. In the orphan asylum schools there are over 1,600 scholars and fifty-seven teachers. The value of school property is about six and a half million dollars. The salaries of teachers, which are graduated according to the grade of school and length of service, range from $350 fo)- a teacher of the primary girls classes to $3,000 for the princi- pal of a grammar school. The total expenditure for 1892 was nearly $2,900,000, of which about $700,000 was expended on new buildings. The new school buildings are constructed upon the most improved plans and are models of their kind. The following are the most important branches of the public school system : — The Training School for Teachers, Ryerson street and Myrtle avenue, established in 1SS5, has astaff of fourteen instructors, and accommo- dations for 475 students. There are at present 379 young women enrolled. The school is divided into a department of theory and a department of practice. In the former the pupils receive instruction in the principles and nistorj' of education and in methods of teaching, while in the latter they are required to teach a class of young children for at least ten weeks, and thus familiarize themselves with class-room devices, the work of instniction and the management of a school in general. As an evidence of the value of this school, nearly all of its graduates have received appointments from the Board almost as soon as they have completed their studies. The cur- riculum includes all the subjects required in the primary and advanced schools in Brooklj-n. The Girls' High School, Nostrand avenue near Halsey street, has a staff of fifty-six teachers, and is provided with 1,737 sittings. The number of pupils enrolled last year was 1,536. In this school three courses of study have been established — a language course of four years, an English course of three years, and a commercial course of two years. The accommodations of this school have been almost doubled by the'completion of a large annex during the past year, and it seems destined that the institution will be- come one of the largest and most successful high schools in the country. 138 CITIZEN GUIDE. The Boys' High School, corner of Marcy and Putnam avenues, owes its existence as an independent organization to the division of the Central School, two years since, into the Girls' High School and the Boys' High School. The school is equipped with twenty -three instructors, and enrolled during the last year 584 pupils. The number of sittings is 705. The cur- riculum embraces three courses of study — a four years language course, a three years scientific course, and a two years commercial course. The Evening Schools, fifteen in number, were established some years since for the benefit of youths employed during the day who desire to ad- vance themselves, and are located at convenient points throughout the city. The courses of study are especially designed to meet the requirements of the class of pupils in attendance. Among the features of these schools are the classes in the English language for foreigners. The enrollment in each has always been large and is constantly increasing. Various expedients have been devised to aid in securing greater regularity in attendance at these schools, which work much good to the laboring classes. Attendance Schools. — Education is compulsory in Brooklyn between the ages of six and fourteen, and in order to enforce this regulation, special " truant agents " are employed by the Board, whose duty it is to report and investigate all the cases of wilful non-attendance. To free regular schools from demoralizing influences, and to insure better the correction of truant pupils, attendance schools have been established. About 40,000 visits are made by the truant officers annually, and about 10,000 cases receive special investigation. Free Scholarships in the leading educational institutions of the State — Columbia College, University of the City of New York, Cornell University, State Normal Schools, Packer Institute — numbering about 100, of an average annual value of $100, have been placed at the disposal of the Board of Education for distribution among deserving graduates of the public schools. Free Kindergartens. — There are in Brooklyn two large free kinder- garten associations, namely, the Brooklyn and the East End, both founded within the past two or three years. The object of these associations is to establish free kindergarten schools for the benefit of the little children of the poorer classes, who would otherwise go untaught during their earlier years, or be forced to submit to the more abstract methods of the public school system. These schools are equipped with all the devices and appli- ances for the natural methods of instruction. The Brooklyn Kindergarten Association maintains four schools. The East End Association is under the management of a Board of Trustees, made up of delegates from the different churches of the Eastern District interested in the movement. Offices, Grand Army Hall, Bedford avenue and North Second street. This association maintains ten schools in the Eastern District. Free Sewing Schools, for the instruction of girls with a view of en- abling them to earn an honorable living, are maintained in connection with about forty churches, chapels and missions in Brooklyn. In general the classes are held on Saturdays, between the hours of 10 and 12 A. M. or 2 and 5 P. M. Brooklyn Chautauqua Assembly, organized in 1886, embraces thirty- two local circles and a large number of affiliated readers. The objects of the organization are similar to those of the Central Chautauqua Society, with which it is associated. There are in all about 1,000 members. The resi- dent counsellor is the Rev. Lyman Abbott, D. D., of Plymouth Church. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 129 Although Brooklyn cannot boast of a great university, it possesses many institutions of learning that have gained for themselves a wide and even national reputation. In the great sister city of New York there are no schools established upon the same lines that equal them in point of equipment, breadth of plan, patronage and public utility. Several of these institutions are most intimately connected with every step in the march of progress of the city of Brooklyn. They have provided her with higher education in almost every field of learning and have grown at the expense of many more pretentious colleges in this and the neighboring states. The chief among these are ': The Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences is foremost among the educational organizations in Brooklyn, in that it is the most comprehen- sive in scope and the most alive to the wants of the general public. As at present constituted, it is the result of the organization of the old Brooklyn Institute chartered by the Legislature in 1843, which in turn was the out- growth of the earlier Brooklyn Apprentices' Library Association, founded m 1S23. From 1S35 to 1891 the Brooklyn Institute occupied a building on Washington street, where through the various vicissitudes of fortune it did effective work until the building was destroyed by fire in the latter year. During the years 18S7-SS a new era in the history of the Institute was inaug- urated. The property of the Institute became the nucleus of a broad and c jmprehensive institution for the advancement of science and art, and its me.iibership an active association laboring not only for the advancement of knowledge, but for the education of the people through the establishment of public libraries, lectures and collections in art and science. By this new effort it emulated the work done in other cities; also a new charter was secured through the instrumentality of the most public spirited citizens of Brooklyn. The Institute has made, during the past five years, the most wonderful progress in the accomplishment of its ends. The plan of work of this organization embraces departments in every field of learning. At present the active departments are : Archaeology, architecture, astronomy, botany, chemistry, electricity, engineering, en- tomology, tine arts, geography, geology, mathematics, microscopy, miner- alogy, music, painting, pedagogy, philology, photography, physics, politi- cal and economic science, psychology and zoology. Each of these separate branches has a membership of its own and a special course of lectures. The members of the separate departments are ex offi:/o members of the general organization, which at the close of last year had an enrollment of 1790. The corporation of the Institute has se- cured from the Legislature a grant of $300,000 for the erection of a public museum on the East Side lands bounded by the Eastern Parkway, Wash- ington avenue. Old President street and Prospect Hill Reservoir. To this fund the city corporation will add $50,000 as an endowment as evidence of the confidence reposed in the destiny of the new institution and in its power of accretion. The Brooklyn Microscopic Society, the American Astronomical Society, the Brooklyn Entomological Society, and the Lin- den Camera Club have voluntarilj'- become special departments of the In- stitute. The plan of each department provides for lectures, exhibitions and the reading of papers on special subjects. At present the value of the Property belonging to the Institute is about $250,000. The projected [useum, when completed, will be leased at a nominal rent to the Institute authorities, and the enterprise will then have a home worthy of the great future which undoubtedly lies before it. 130 CITIZEN GUIDE. The General Library of the Institute, which comprises about 17,000 volumes, is the oldest in the city. It is specially rich in American editions and collections of works on ti-avel and exploration. It is free to residents of Brooklyn, and the books are loanal for home u^e. The libraries of the de- partments, some of which possess valuable special collections, are for con- sultation, and are open only to members of the Institute. The Biological Laboratory, located at the head of Cold Spring Harbor, is one of the newer features of the Institute, already attracting wide inter- est and patronage ; it provides courses in Biology and Bacteriology, and offers facilities for advanced work and original investigation. The Labora- tory is open from July 7th to August 28th. The tuition fee for the full course is $25. The Shinnecock Hills Summer School of Art is located at Southamp- ton, L. I. , and is established for the purpose of affording facilities to students and artists for study and work at the sea-shore during the summer months at reasonable rates. The school is under the direction of Mr. William M. Chase, President of the Society of American Artists, and is open from June ist to October ist ; loS students were enrolled last year. The tuition for the advanced classes in portrait, figure and landscape painting, is $15 per month, and for the preparatory classes $8 per month. Good boarding ac- commodations are to be had in the vicinity at reasonable rates. The Adirondack Summer School of Art was established in 1892, at the village of Worcester, Otsego County, N. Y. , in the midst of a picturesque hill country, and is intended to provide abundant facilities for landscape, cattle and figure painting. The school is under the supervision of Mr. Walter Shirlaw. The tuition is $12 per month for advanced and $8 per month for preparatory work. The Pratt Institute, on Ryerson street, between Willoughby and DeKalb avenues, was founded by Mr. Charles Pratt of Brooklyn, for the promotion of Art, Science, Literature, Industry and Thrift. The Institute is based upon an appreciation of the dignity as well as the value of skilled manual labor. It affords opportunities for complete and harmonious edu- cation, and develops a spirit of self-reliance ; in short, its purpose is to aid those who are willing to aid themselves. Its classes, work-shops, library, reading-room and museum are for this purpose, and while tuition fees are required, yet it is the endeavor to make possible by some means consistent with self -helpfulness and self respect, the admission of every worthy appli- cant. The Institute is provided with a liberal endowment, which enables it to make merely nominal charges for tuition, and to secure the best talent and facilities for the accomplishment of its aim. The tuition fees and all other receipts are used for the advancement and maintenance of its work. The buildings of the Institution are really noble edifices, and are a splendid monument to the memory of their philanthropic founder. The buildings are at present four in number, the Main Building, the High School, the Science and Technology Building, and the 'Trade School. They are of brick, with trimmings of stone and terra cotta, and are heated by steam and lighted by electricity. The main building is provided with a passenger elevator, which runs at all hours when classes are in session. A new build- ing is about to be constructed on the west side of Ryerson street to contain the Library, Museum, Art Department, and a large Auditorium. Ample play-grounds aggregating 192,000 square feet adjoin the buildings. The Institute i'. under the control of a Board of Trustees. Its work is conducted pn the department system ; the heads of the various departments const?'- EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 131 * tuting the faculty. Morning, afternoon and evening classes, in all of which the character of the work is similar, are held in all departments. Both se.xes are admitted on equal footing to the privileges of the Institute. An important feature of the institute is its system of lecture courses, de- voted to practical iustruotiou upon the right mode of living, the problems of social and political life, domestic economy, sanitary science, literary cul- ture, ethics, etc. ; many of these courses are open to outsiders. The de- partments of the Institute are as follows : I. The High School, in which the work is similar to that of other high- schools, but is allied to various forms of manual work. Its literary course includes language, sociology, mathematics, science, and drawing; its man- ual work for boys comprises wood work and metal work; for girls, sewing, hygiene, home nursing, and wood carving. The fees range from $io to $20 per term. II. Department of Industrial and Fine Arts, provides practical instruc- tion in sketching and composition, freehand and instrumental drawing, clay modelling^ technical designs, architectural and mechanical drawing, wood carving, and art needlework. This department is equipped with fif- teen studios and rooms especially fitted for the various classes, and has e.Kceptionally fine art collections for reference and study. The fees range from $3 to $15 per term, according to the studies taken. III. Department of Domestic Art and Science, provides two curricu- las, one including sewing, dressmaking, millinery, and physical culture, and the other a normal domestic science course, household science, hygiene and home nursing, public hygiene, cookery, and laundry work. Large, well appointed chemical and physical laboratories, ideal kitchens, valuable charts and models, an extensive library and a rich museum, constitute in part the equipment of this department. The fees range from $2 to $30 per term, according to the special studies selected. IV. Department of Science and Technology, affords instruction in scientific and technical subjects and practical training for the principal mechanical trades. The branches taught are algebra, geometry, physics, chemistry, electrical construction, steam and the steam engine, strength of materials, machine designing, carpentry, plumbing, and house, sign and fresco painting. The fees in this department range from $5 to $30 per term. V. Department of Commerce, gives instruction in phonography and typewriting, bookkeeping, arithmetic and penmanship, English and Spanish. Fees, $8 per term tor each day course and S6 for each evening course. VI. Kindergarten Department, is intended for the training of teachers • for this branch of educational work. Fees, $30 per term. VII. Music Department, aims at conferring the benefits of a musical education upon the masses of the people. Fees, from $2 to $10 per term. VIII. Department of Agriculture, provides theoretical and practical instruction during the summer months. Tuition for two months, $15. Board, including room, furnished at S5 per week. The students in all the departments during 1S91-92, numbered over 4,000; the instructors 120. The free public library of the Institute comprises 40,000 volumes, and has connected with it large, comfortable and well-lighted reading-rooms and reference-rooms, in which are kept on file over 200 leading periodicals. Over 19,500 persons have registered as members of the library, which cir- culates annually about 170,000 volumes. The library is open daily frorn 133 CITIZEN GUIDE. 9 A. M. to 6 P, M.,.and on Wednesdays and Saturdays until 9.30 P. M., while the reading-room is open on week days until 9.30 P. M. A distinctive feature of this institution is a sort of savings bank annex called " The Thrift," established to promote habits of economy as well as to instruct in the methods an I advantages of public sav^ings institutions. The idea is in part a copy of that employed in many large cities in Euroj)e, and makes use of a so-called stamp system of deposits. There are three branches — investments, deposits and loans — and the plan works exceedingly well. The Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn resulted from the reorgani- zation of the former Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute, founded in 1854, and is located on Livingstou street, between Court street and Court square, immediately behind the Municipal buildings, and occupies a very stately and spacious suite of buildings. Two courses of study are pro- vided, leading respectively to the degrees of Bachelor of 'Science and Bachelor of Arts. The educational work embraces two departments, the Academic ani the Institute proper, each distinct fro:ii the other and occu- pying a separate building. The academic department comprises the prepar- atory courses of the Institute which are designed to prepare students for entrance there as well as for mercantile life. 'J'he studies of this depart- ment embrace the ordinary English branches with modern languages, classics and advanced mathematics. In the Institute the courses are four in number — Liberal, Engineering, Chemical and Electrical. In addition to these a post-graduate course is added in Civil and Electrical Engineering which leads to the degrees of Civil or Electrical Engineer. In each of these departments the work is equivalent to the corresponding courses in other colleges or technical schools leading to like degrees. Besides the higher English, classical and mathematical studies, the natural and applied sciences, such as chemistry, zodlogy, chemical philosophy, blow pipe analy- sis, geology, physics, qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis, assay- ing, mineralogy, crystallography, electrical measurements and ttsting, there are in addition classes in surveying and engineering, architecture, astronomy and the theory and construction of steam engines. The Institute is equipped with a library of 8,000 volumes — a gift of Captain Elihu Spicer, in memory of his son. Connected therewith is a reaiing room amply supplied with reviews and periodicals. The gymnasium on the ground floor is furnished with every appliance for thorough physical exercise and development; it has a running track, baths and a swimming tank, and is open to students under prescribed con- ditions. The chemical and physical laboratories are spacious and exceedingly well equipped and arranged. The electrical laboratories and machine shops are very complete and are supplied with the Edison current for the generation ">f the necessary power. The observatory is provided with an astronomical telescope. The museum on the ground floor contains good collections in geology, zoology and paleontology. The art studio is a spacious, lofty and well lighted room at the top of the Institute building and is supplied with studios and designs from the flat, in relief and plaster models. The tuition fees in the Institute are $50 per term; in the academic depart- ment from $25 to $45 per term, according to the grade. Last year over 850 stuaents were enrolled. The Packer Collegiate Institute, originally founded in 1844 as the Brooklyn Female Academy, occupies very spacious quarters on JoralemoA LING ST. TO mmCl AVE. CHEMIST. THE OLDEST ESTABLISHED DRUGGIST IN BROOKLYN. W^'IcdapNtofCtiildre^ Delicate ffinalei A Rfliable and HficaciouS for all kinds of Hu'Torson 11 A Sppcifit tor DiiPaiPi dnd Impovpriihrd Blood. Acti Upon the liver ar R«lom Jti»sp Important Gnditifln in thf Shorter PURINOANY^ Wim EQUALd I 0PRE5ULT5 \ n lar^e botjlei and iold 1 ' centi, thu> making it miicli\ tfen v York Clearing House. INTEREST ALLOWED ON ALL BALANCES. Spucial and higher rates of interest allowed wheu Certificates of Deposit are issued payable on demand nr upon spt-cifted dates. Tliis Company is a legal depositoi-y for Court and Trust Funds, and is authorized to act as Administra'oi-, Kxecutor, Trustee, Guardian and Rejristrar of Stocks and Bonds. The Deposits of Individuals, Firms. B.\nks and Corporations are solicited. The accounts of ladies and persons unfamiliar with banking business will receive particular attention SILAS B DUTCHER, President. ALB'RED J. POUCii, Second Vice rresident. WILLIAM H. LYON, First Vice-President. JOSEl'H IS. WHITE, Secretary. BOARD OF TRUSTEES. WUliam H. Lyon, John Ditmas, Jr., Silas B. Dutcher, Alfred J. Pouch, James O. Carpenter, Camden C. Dike, William Berri, William V. R Smith, Charles W. Bi^tts. VVilHam Hester, Charles Cooper, Rodney A W^ard, William H. H. Childs, Henry H. Adams, Timothy L. Woodruff, Milliard F. Smith, Henry N. Whitney, John C. McGuire, Hem-y E. Hutchinson, Leo:iard Moody, Calvin Patterson, William C. Wallace, Harlan P. Halsey, Eugene F. O'Connor. Charles Unangst, Counsel. Hon. Noah Davis, Consulting Counsel. GERMAN-AMERICAN Real estate Title Guarantee Gompany, 34 Nassau St., New York, and 189 Montague St., Brooklyn. Examines and Guarantees Titles to Real Estate. Loans Money on Bond and Mortgage. First Class Bonds and Mort^a^es For Sale. DIRECTORS : HON. FELIX CAMPBELL, JERE. JOHNSON, Jr., GEORGE C. CLAUSEN, JOHN STRAlTON, JOSEPH F. BLAUT, GEOHOE W. QUINTARD, SILAS B. DUTCHER, WILLIAM STEIMWAY, JAMES FELLOWS, JOHN A BEYER, R. CARMAN COMBES, CHARLES UNANGST, W. R. THOMPSON. ANDREW L. SOULARD, President. AMOS H. THOMPSON, Mgr. for Bklyn. 8. B. LIVINGSTON, Secretary. WILLIAM WAGNER, Treasurer. BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS. 151 for the Aid of Friendless Women and Children, 20 Concord street ; Union for Christian Work, 67 Schermerhorn street. Reformatories: — There are five institutions in Brooklyn especially re- stricted to the work of reformation, namely : — Home of the Good Shepherd, Hopkinson avenue and Pacific street, a Roman Catholic institution, for the reformation of women, presided over by the Sisters of the Good Shepherd ; Home of Industry, for discharged convicts, 201 Livingston street ; Inebri- ates' Home, Fort Hamilton, L. I., an unsectarian institution which cares for about 500 persons, annually, at an expense of about $70,000 ; The Wa}'- side Home (Protestant), for Girls, 352 Bridge street ; and the Truant Home of the City of Brooklyn, Jamaica avenue near Enfield street, maintained in connection with the public school system. Day iM urseries. These worthy charities are distinctly the outgrowth of the exigencies of a great cit3',and are organized for the care of infants and young children during the hours of the day when their mothers or guardians are compelled to be absent from their homes at work. No charity can appeal more direct- ly to the hearts of benevolent persons than does this one. It has relieved the anxiety of hundreds of parents and saved the lives of thousands of help- less little ones. The little children are instructed in kindergarten schools and provided with the means of innocent amusement. In most instances a nominal fee, ranging from two to five cents a day, is charged for the care of each child. The following are the chief day nurseries in Brooklyn : — Brooklyn Children's Aid Society Nursery, 139 Van Brunt street ; Brooklyn Nursery and Infant Hospital, 396 Herkimer street; Bureau of Charities Nursery, 69 Schermerhorn street ; St. Christopher's Day Nursery, 124 Law- rence street ; and Sheltering Arms Nursery, 157 Dean street. Clenersil Charities. There are many societies in Brooklyn which do not confine their work to anv special field of charity, but apply themselves to the aid of the poor or unfortunate in any way that their assistance may be of most service. Prominent among such societies are : Brooklyn Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, 104 Livingston street, which afforded last year temporary relief in over 50,000 instances of distress; Brooklyn Benevolent Society, R. C, 84 Amity street; Brooklyn Bureau of Charities (described elsewhere), 69' Scherme'rhorn street; Church Charity Foundation P. E., Atlantic avenue, corner Albany street; German Ladies' Association, 120 Schermerhorn street; G. A. R. Bureau of Relief, offices City Hall; City Mission Home of Industry and Lodging House for Men, 70 Willoughby street- German Evangelical Aid Society, Fairfax street, near Broadway; Hebrew Benevolent Society, 272 Dean street and 93 South Ninth street ; Ladies' Benevolent Association, Oak and Guernsey streets; Sailors' Coffee House, 241-243 York street; St. Phoebe's Mission, DeKalb avenue, opposite Fort Greene P'lace; Society of St. Vincent de Paul, offices 7 Poplar street, which maintains twenty-nine conferences in connection with as many Roman Catholic churches throughout the city, and dispenses, annually, relief to about 2,000 needy persons, without regard to race, creed, or color ; State Charities Aid Association, office 157 Montague street; Union for Christian Work, 67 Schermerhorn street ; Williamsburgh Benevolent So- ciety, 61 Meserole street; German Society of Charities, 271 Vernon avenue; Lebanon Mission, 246 Myrtle avenue; Loretto House, 78 Willow street, a m CITIZRN GUIDE. home for working women; the Life Line Mission and Home for Sailors, 410 Van Brunt street. Special Cliarities and Huiiiaiic Societies. The Brooklyn institutions which devote themselves to a more or less special field of charitabl e work are as follows : Brooklyn Female Employment Society, 93 Court street; Brookljm Flower and Fruit Charity, 195 Montague street; Brooklyn Society of Decorative Art, 15 Greene avenue; Brooklyn Training School and Home for Young Girls, So Livingston street; Board- ing Department Y.W. C. A., Flatbush avenue; Hospital Saturday and Sun- day Association of Brooklyn, 58 Remsen street and Garfield building; Nor- wegian Relief Society, Forty-sixth street and Fourth avenue; Red Cross Society, 195 Montague street; St. Joseph's Institute for Deaf Mutes, 113 Buff alo avenue ; Society for the Aid of Friendless Women and Children, 20 Concord street; the Factory Girls' Improvement Club, 872 Bedford avenue; Women's Work Exchange and Decorative Art Society, 22 Atlantic avenue; Working Women's Vacation Society, 171 South Ninth street. Humane Societies having offices in Brooklyn are: American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty lo Animals, 416 Fulton street ; and the Brook- lyn Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, 105 Schermerhorn street. Besides the relief afforded by the many charitable institutions enume- rated or briefly described in this chapter, a vast amount of benevolent work is carried on by the societies and guilds of the various denominations, in- dependent churches, evangelical unions and missions. There are also a number of clubs for working boys and girls throughout the city. CHUF^CHES. Their Historical Associations — Choirs and Church Music — The Leading Preachers — List and Location of Churches. The City of Brooklyn has been for several decades almost as widely and well known as the "City of Churches" as by its proper title. This desig- nation, complimentary to the religious devotionalism of its inhabitants was more strictly true some yeai's since than at the present day. The change has been brought about by very natural causes. A large foreign popula- tion, careless of their religious duties, has crowded within the boundaries of the great citjr, and although the number of churches has regularly increas- ed, the increase has not been proportionate to the growth of population. Still, however, its right to the title cannot be disputed by its sister New York, in which there is to be found church acccommodation for but one- sixth of its inhabitants, while m Brooklyn the ratio is double. There are in Brooklyn 411 churches and chapels with an aggregate seating capacity of about 309,000 or about one seat to every three of the population. The value of the church property is about $25,187,400. There are many congregations in which foreign languages are spoken, notably, German, Swedish and Italian. Brooklyn possesses very handsome church buildings, and when the new Cathedral, now in the course of erec- tion, is completed the city will be able to boast of one of the finest ecclesias- tical edifices on the continent. The Brooklyn Tabernacle, at the comer of Clinton and Greene avenues, is the most spacious church in either of the two cities. Parallel with the title of Brooklyn as the "City of Churches" has gone forth her fame, world wide, as the city of eloquent preachers. From the pulpit of the old Plymouth (Congregational) Church, in Orange street, went forth those ever to be remembered utterances of Henry Ward Beecher that thrilled the nation before and during the time of the great Civil War. Here the great divine continued to preach for upward of forty years to congregations made up of admirers from almost every quarter of the English speaking world. The Church of the Pilgrims (CongTcgational) has long been famous on account of the scholarship and classic eloquence of its distinguished pastor, the Rev. Richard S. Storrs, D.D. The Brooklyn Tab- ernacle (Presbyterian) has vied with Spurgeon's Tabernacle in London in at- tracting vast audiences to listen tQ the eloquence and wisdom of the Rev. Dr. T. De Witt Talmage, than whom perhaps no living preacher enjoys a wider reputation. His published sermons are circulated and read throughout the English-speaking world. The auditorium of the Tabernacle seats over 4,000 persons and the membership is nearly 7,500. The denomination having the oldest organization in Brooklyn is the Reformed (Dutch) Church of America, which maintained undisputed sway 154 CITIZEN GUIDE. over the religious lite ot Brooklyn and neighboring towns tor fully 125 years after the foundation of the first church. In 1776 the Protestant Episcopal Church began to share with it in the spiritual guidance of the people. The architectural features of the Brooklyn churches are described in another chapter. Brief notices of the leading denominations are hereby given: The Reformed (Dutch) Church. — The church history of Brooklyn, or rather of Long Island, began as early as the year 1654, when the ^ood people of the then small villages of Breuckelen, and Midwout (Flatbush) grew weary of journeying to the distant town of New Amsterdam, across the East River, for their religious instruction. In that year the first church within the present limits of Brooklyn was established under the pastorate of one Dominie Megapolensis. The first church edifice cost about $i,8oo, less than one tenth of which was raised by the inhabitants of Long Island, the rest being contributed by the other Dutch church communities of th.e state. This edifice stood on the site of the present Reformed church of Flatbush. The "Old Bushwick," opposite Conselyea street, was surrounded by a stockade, behind which the people frequently took refuge during the Indian troubles. The building was octagonal in form and a steep roof terminating in a bel- fry, the whole resembling a hay-stack in form and was called the "Bee Hive." The congregation furnished themselves with benches and chairs until 1795, when a gallery was built and the ground floor was furnished with pews. A part of the communion service still bears the date of 1708. The present church was erected in 1829 and renovated in 1876. In 1666 the first church in old Brooklyn proper was erected in the mid- dle of the highway, now Fulton street near Lawrence street. It stood for just one hundred years, when it was pulled down and replaced by a second larger though very gloomy and unpretentious church on the same site — a location convenient for the Dutch villagers of Gowanus, Red Hook, Bedford, Cripple Bush and Wallabout. The lineal descendant of this church is the present First Reformed, at Seventh avenue corner of Carroll street, now under the pastorate of the Rev. James M. Farrar, D. D. This congregation has still in use a portion of the communion service presented to the church by Maria Badda, in 1684. The original Dutch records of the church were made by Selyns, the first dominie, in 1666 and are still preserved. All the other churches in Brooklyn of this denomination have been founded during the present century, and are descendants or off-shoots of the foregoing. The largest of the present churches are the First (Dr. Farrar's), Bedford avenue (E. D.), Kent street, Greenpoint, the Heights, South (Dr. Bergen's), Old Bush- wick, South Bushwick and Twelfth street churches. The property of the Re- formed churches in Brooklyn is valued at about $1,150,000, and the number of its communicants about 5,500. There are in all about 18 different con- gregations. The Protestant Episcopal Church. — No exact date can be given for the establishment of this denomination in Brooklyn, although some tradi- tions assert that the first services were held in 1766; reliable data, however, is wanting, to prove these statements. In 1774 the project was set on foot to found a church but failed. During the* Revolutionary period, however, the Rev. James Sayes, a Church of England clergyman, was stationed in Brooklyn, and his successor in 1784, the Rev. George Wright, began to hold regular services in the house of Garrett Rapalje on Fulton street near Front. Soon afterwards the little congregation, which assembled ordinarily at private residences, removed their place of worship to a barn, owned by a certain John Middagh, at th^ gorner of Fulton, Henry and Foplar streets, CHURCHES. 155 and then soon afterwards to an old British Barrack, at the comer of Pulton and Middagh streets. Not long after this a meeting house, which was erected for an independent preacher, who was unsuccessful, came into the possession of one of Mr. Wright's parishioners, by whom it was transferred to the little Episcopal congregation. This became the first fixed home of Episcopalism in Brooklyn, and was consecrated by Bishop Provost in 1787. After reorganization in 1795, the church was incorporated under the name of St. Ann's Church in honor of Mrs. Ann Sands, who, with her husband, Joshua Sands, were the most liberal patrons of the new church. Three years later a stone edifice was built at the corner of Sands and Washington streets, which was so injured by a powder mill explosion in 1808 that the erection of a new building was deemed necessary. The new church was consecrated in 1S25, and was the home of the congregation until 1S67, when the foundation stone of the present handsome church at the corner of Clinton and Livingston streets was laid. This latter edifice has cost $400,000, and is the most commodious church of this denomination in ISrooklyn, having seating capacity for about 1,756 persons. St. Ann's is the pioneer of all the other Protestant Episcopal Churches in Brooklyn. The next oldest chvn-ch is St. John's, founded in 1827, at the corner of Washing- ton and Johnson streets, now located at Seventh avenue and St. John's Place. Christ Church, at Clinton and Harrison streets, organized in 1837, was the direct offshoot of old St. Ann's. St. Mary's Church on Classon and Willoughby avenues is the next in point of age, having been es- tablished in 1836. Calvary Free Church, founded in Pearl street near Con- cord, was the parent of the present Holy Trinity at Montague and Clinton streets, in that a large portion of its congregation, its founder, rector, or- ganist, choir and sexton, all became connected with the latter m the same capacity in 1849. Holy Trinity is one of the finest church edifices on Long Island. The names of ^Ir. and Mrs. Edgar Bartow are inseparably con- nected with the organization of this magnificent church, as it was to their un- tiring energy and generosity that the church owed not only its beginning but its present handsome building. ' Besides the above the most prominent and influential churches of this denomination in Brooklyn are Christ, (E. D.), Grace Church on the Heights, Messiah, St. James's, St. Luke's, St. Mark's, St. Peter's (Dr. Haskin's) and St. ]\Iatthew's. The Cathedral for the diocese of Long Island is situated at Garden City, and is the most unique specimen of Gothic architecture on the island. The exterior of the building is of brown stone, and the interior of polished white marble. The organ is one of the most perfect in the country. Artistically wrought bronze is very largely used in the finishing of the church. In the cvypi are said to lie the remains of the merchant prince Alexander T. Stewart, by whose generosity the cathedral was erected and endowed at a cost of about 82,000,000. The number of Protestant Episco- pal churches in Brookhni is 45, and the value of their property over $3,500,- 000. The number of communicants is about 20,000. The Congrecational Churches. — Closely follo\\nng the establishment of the Episcopal churches, came the foimdation of the first " Independent Meeting House" jn 1785. This building stood in what was the old Episco- pal burying ground, in Fulton street. Through dissension in the congrega- tion, the services were discontinued and the church was bought by an Epis- copalian, and became the first regular home of that denomination,' as stated above. Congregationalism, after this unfortunate beginning, was not re- vived for about sixty years, when the Church of the Pilgrims, Henry 156 CITIZEN GUIDE. street comer Remsen street, was organized in 1844. Two years later the Rev. Richard Salter Storrs, Jr., the present pastor, was called to the young church. Since that time the progress of the church in numbers and influ- ence has been uninterrupted. This church has been the centre of a very great religious work in Brooklyn, and was parent to the perhaps more noted Plymouth Church, founded by nine members from Dr. Storrs' congregation in June, 1847. The latter church stands upon a piece of ground in Orange street, purchased in 1S23 as a building site for the First Presbyterian Church, when Brooklyn Heights was nothing but cultivated fields. The building which stood upon this plot was purchased by John T. Howard, of the Church of the Pilgrims, and on Sunday evening, June 13, 1S47, Plymouth Church was duly organized. On the following evening, the late Henry Ward Beecher was unanimously elected pastor, and commenced his work in October of the same year. Two years later the edifice was damaged by fire but was rebuilt and ready for occupancy in 1S50. The building, which is a plain brick structure with gable roof, is one of the largest in the city, and accom- modates in all about 2,500 persons. Mr. Beecher continued as the pastor of this church until his decease March 8, 18S7. It is impossible to estimate the inliuence that the preaching of this divine had upon the religious thought of this country. During the last thirty years of his life there was perhaps no more prominent figure in Christendom than his. The Rev. Lyman Abbott is the present pastor of the church. The other Congregational churches in Brooklyn are practically the outgrowth of the religious activity of these two churches. The vallie of the church property of this denomination in Brooklyn is about $2,000,000, and the number of congregations 28. The leading churches are the Central, Church of the Pilgrims, Clinton avenue, Lee avenue, Plymouth, South and Tompkins avenue. The Methodist Episcopal Church. — The first Methodist sermon ever heard in Brooklyn was preached by Thomas Webb, a captain of the Brit- ish Army, in 1768. In 1787 the Rev. Woodward Hickson preached the second sermon from a barrel top which he mounted as a pulpit in front of the First Sands Street Methodist Church. In May, 1794, the old Sands Street Church was organized. The first congregation numbered about twenty- three white and twelve colored people. Joseph Totten was the first preacher. One of the first trustees of this church was Joseph Harper, grandfather of the Harper Brothers, publishers, who came from England in 1740. An entry in Mr. Harper's record of the church recalls some of the conveniences of the churches of this date. " Resolved — that the sexton be instructed to have the church open and candles lighted at a quarter of an hour before the meeting begins and to see that the boys make no disturb- ances; also, that on dark nights when there is a public meeting to light the lamp at the church door." In 1810 a new church was built which served until 1844, when a larger edifice was dedicated; this latter building was destroyed by fire in 1848 and another church building was erected and used by the church members un- til the edifice was sold to make way for the bridge extension, and then a new and much more comfortable church was erected at the corner of Clark and Henry streets, and is now known as the Sands Street Memorial. This is the parent church of Methodism in Brooklyn, and many of the other churches of this denomination are its direct offspring. All the other societies have been founded since 1849. The largest and most influential churches of this denomination are the New York Avenue, St. John's, Simp- son, Nostrand Ave. , Grace, Hanson Place and Janes. Forty-nine churches, of CHURCHES. 157 which six are colored, belong to this denomination. The value of the church property is about $2,500,000, the membership about 19,000. Three other forms of Methodism prevail in Brooklyn, Primitive, Free, and Methodist Protestant; of the former there are four congregations; one in the Free, and two in the Methodist Protestant. The Roman Catholic Church. — Previous to 1822 the Roman Catholic inhabitants of Brooklyn were compelled, for religious instruction, to cross the East River to New York to attend St. Peter's Church in Barclay street. at that time the only organized place of worship of this denomination in the southern portion of the State. It is recorded that mass was first cele- brated in Brooklyn on the north east corner of York and Gold streets, in the residence of William Purcell, the Rev. Philip Larissey officiating. In January 'of 1822 a project was set on foot to build a church, and a site was offered at the corner of Court and Congress streets, but was decli ned on ac- count of its remoteness from the town. Two months later the foundation of St. James', the first church, was laid at the corner of Jay and Chapel streets, and the building was dedicated in August of the next year. So meagre were the resources of the new church that for some time they were unable to secure the services of a resident pastor. In 1853 Roman Catholic churches on Long Island had become so numerous from this small begin- ning at St. James', that the island was erected into a diocese by the author- ities at Rome, and the late Very Rev. John Loughlin was appointed the first Bishop of Brooklyn. The venerable St. James' Church has since that time constituted the pro-cathedral of the diocese. The second Roman Catholic Church was erected in 1836 on the plot at the corner of Piatt and Congress streets, originally offered to the projec- tors of the first. The next church in order of age was the Church of the Assumption at York corner of Jay streets, originally founded as an inde- gendent church, but being abandoned was purchased by the orthodox atholics and dedicated in 1842. About the time of the foundation of the last church, Holy Trinity Parish was organized and a church erected in Montrose avenue near Ewen street, E. D., for the German Catholics. The first edifice, which was used until 1SS2, has been replaced by a handsome stone church in Gothic style of the 13th century which stands as an arch- itectural ornament to that section of the city. There are upwards of 2,000 scholars in attendance upon the schools connected with this church. St. Patrick's, formerly known as the Wallabout Chapel, corner of Kent and Willoughby avenues, was one of the earliest churches m eastern Brooklyn. St. Mary's Star of the Sea, Court street cor. of Luquer, was dedicated in 1855, and is one of the most spacious church edifices in the city, having seating capacity for 2,000 persons. So rapid was the growth of Roman Catholicism during the years from 1822 to 1872 in Brooklyn that no less than twelve new churches were dedicated. The largest and most influential Roman Catholic churches as well as the finest from an architectural view, are St. John's Chapel, St. John the Baptist, St. Joseph's, St. Agnes', St. Anthony's, St. Augustine's, Holy Trinity, St. Paul's, St. Vincent de Paul's, St. Peter's, St. Patrick's, St. Stephen's, The Nativity, The Sacred Heart, Our Lady of Good Counsel and St. Mary Star of the Sea. All told there are 61 churches and 15 chapels within the city limits, representing a value of $7,000,000. The parishioners number about 244,000. The Presbyterian Church. — Presbyterianism was not established in Brooklyn until about the year 1822. The First Presbyterian church 158 CITIZEN GUIDE. stood on the site of the present Plymouth Church on Orange street, and was organized and admitted to the Presbytery of New York when it could boast of but ten members. The first minister was Rev. Joseph Sanford, who was installed in October, 1S23. From this small be- ginnmg the church grew rapidly. In 1846 the foundation of the present noble edifice of this society was laid in Henry street, near Clark, and the old place of worship in Cranberry street was sold to the projectors of the Plymouth Church. The second Presbyterian Church was organized in 1831, by dissenting members from the Finst church. Their first home was in Adams street, near Concord, but subsequently they erected a brick church in Clinton, near Fulton street, where they continued to prosper until 1870, when they were consolidated without change of name, with the Third Presbyterian Church. In 1S82 this church absorbed the Clinton Street Church, but continued to worship in its own building. Undoubtedly the most famous of all the Presbyterian churches in Brooklyn is the Taberna- cle, founded in 1S34, in a school-room in Prince street. This church did not rise in prominence until 1868, when its present pastor, Rev. T. De Witt Tal- mage, was installed as its head. When Dr. Talmage was called the church had dwindled almost to extinction by reason of transferences and dissensions. The congregation was then occupying a building on ScheiTnerhorn street, near Nevins, which in 1S70 gave place to the famous Tabernacle, which had a seating capacity for about 3,000 people. Two years later this edifice was destroyed by fire, but it was immediately rebuilt on a larger scale and ded- icated in 1874. The new building was Gothic in its style of architecture and accommodated about 5,000 persons. Here for sixteen years Dr. Tal- mage conducted the services and vied with Henry Ward Beecher in attract- ing vast audiences, the equal of which coiild perhaps not be found on the continent. Unfortunately in 1S90 this building, too, was destroyed by fire, and on account of the encroachment of business upon this section of the city, the new Tabernacle was erected on Greene avenue, comer Clinton. The architecture of the Tabernacle is described elsewhere. The Taberna- cle contains one of the largest organs in the world. Another Presbyterian church is that on Lafayette avenue, corner Ox- ford street, founded in 1857. This church was made famous by the preach- ing of the Rev. Theodore L. Cuyler, D. D., who enjoys a very wide repute as a powerful worker in the cause of temperance and Sunday schools. His published sermons and books have had a verj^ extended circulation. The auditorium of the church accommodates 2,300 people. The other prominent Presbyterian churches in Brooklyn are the South Third Street, Memorial, Ross Street, Throop Avenue, and Westminster. The church property is valued at $2,000,000, and the membership about ig,ooo. The Baptist Church. — The first record of Baptist services in Brook- lyn was in 1822, when, during the prevalence of yellow fever in New York, two Baptist refugees finding some of their denomination in Brooklyn, be- gan to hold services in private houses. These meetings greatly increased in regularity and influence until in 1823 they began to occupy a little church of their own in State street, near Hoyt. This building, the cradle of the Baptist denomination in Brooklyn, is at present occupied by the Jewish congregation of Beth Elohim. The successor of this early church is the present First Baptist Church in Pierrepont Street. This Society has no church to worship in at present, having sold their edifice. Other congre- gations rapidly grew up around the parent church, and to-day within'the city limits there are thirty-nine congregations, holding about $2,000,000 M.GJMNOST.FEOM IE. BANK— SMELTING AND SMELTING WORKS. ORGANIZED JANUARY 1859. The Nassau i-^-* National Bank OF BROOKLYN, N. Y. Capital, - - - - $300,000 Surplus, - - - - 550,000 THOMAS T. BARR, President. EDGAR McDonald, cashier. DIRECTORS. John T. Martin, Alexander M. White, William M Ingraham, William A. Nash, E. H. R. Lfman, John Morton. Robert B. Woodward, Frank Bailey, Thomas T. Barr. Manufacturers', Merchants' and Personal Accounts are Solicited. The Brooklyn Smelting and Refining Works, 375 TO 383 DRIGGS AVENUE, MANUFACTURERS OF TYPE, BABBITT and SOLDER METAL in PIGS and PLATES, PIG TIN, PIG LEAD, &c., Triangle, Drop, Bar, Strap, Cake and Ingot SOLDER Telephone : F». O. BOX 45, STA. AV, 852 "WILLI AMSBURGH. BROOKLYN, N. Y. D. CULHANE, Prop. Highest Cash Price Paid for all Kinds of Old IVletals and Drosses. CHURCHES. 159 worth of property and enrolling about 15,000 members. The principal Baptist churches are: Calvary, Emmanuel, Greenwood, Hanson Place, Marcy Avenue, Strong Place, Washington Avenue, Greene Avenue, First (E. D.) and Central. The Lutheran Church. — The German residents in Brooklyn began to hold services in their own language at the Brooklyn Institute in 1S43. The first Lutheran church was erected in Schermerhorn street near Court. The present German Evangelical Church occupies the site of the first building, and is still one of the largest and most influential churches of this denomina- tion in Brooklyn. The Lutherans have increased in number very rapidly, so that now their churches number 28, and represent a value of $1,250,000. The membership is nearly 13,000. The principal churches are: The Ger- man Evangelical, St. Mark's, St. Peter's and Zion. Judaism.— The first Jewish synagogue was established in Brooklyn in 1856. It is occupied by the congregation of Baith Israel and stands at Boerum Place corner State street. At present there are nine Jewish tem- ples in the city. A large number of Jews cross to New York to worship in the more fashionable synagogues of the metropolis. The places of worship attended by the Jews are denominated synagogues (gathering places) or temples. The former is a very ancient term, as applied to places where Hebrews worship, but the latter is more modern in its application, due to the latter-day idea that every house of worship is as sacred as was the temple of Solomon. Any person may gain admittance to the temples and synagogues by conforming to the customs prevailing in the one attended. Some temples have a similar decorum to that observed in most churches, hats being removed and the pews being occupied by families. In others, the head should remain covered, the men go downstairs, the women go upstairs. The language employed in the services is mostly Hebraic, while in some temples the English and German tongues are spoken, with com- paratively few Hebrew prayers. The services in the temples are conducted by a Cantor called Hazan, the sermon being delivered by the Rabbi. The large choirs in the handsome temples play no inconsiderable part in enhanc- ing the solemnity and beauty of the service. Notwithstanding the apparent divergences in their modes of worship, the Jews are as one in most of their doctrine, especially in that the unity of God is emphasized in high and low sects, small and large, orthodox and reformed, synagogue and temple alike. Smaller Denominations. — Besides the denominations sketched above, the following are represented by several churches or places of worship in Brooklyn. The German Evangelical Association, the Reformed and the United Presbyterians and the Reformed Episcopalians. UNrrARi.\Ns and Universalists. — The Unitarians were established as early as 1S42 and have four churches, the principal of which is the Church of the Saviour. The Universalists date from 1S45 and have six churches, the principal one being the Church of Our Father. Miscellaneous Churches. — In Brooklyn there are 26 miscellaneous church societies, and these exert in the aggregate a very wide and benefi- cent influence upon the cosmopolitan population of this city. Many of them are exceedingly active in the City Mission field. The Sunday Schools. — Brooklyn has long been noted for the size, num- ber and influence of its Sunday Schools, which have recently been bound together in the Sunday School Union. There are in all 2S9 Protestant Sab- bath Schools in this city, with 10,751 teachers and about 102,000 scholars. These institutions very naturally act as feeders to the great churches. 160 CITIZEN GUIDE. The religious work in Brooklyn is not limited to the churches proper, but is carried on aggressively by Evangelical, Missionary, Bible, Tract, Helping Hand, and other kindred societies. The special efforts of these subsidiary organizations are directed toward the moral elevation of the poorer classes who crowd many sections of the city. Various means are used to attract to their places of meeting those who through carelessness, poverty, or criminal lives have Uttle by little drifted beyond the pale of religious influences. Lecture courses, libraries, schools, reading rooms, reading clubs, gymnasia, bowling alleys, indoor amusements, and a great variety of other special and general charities have been provided as aids to the important end of moral reclamation. The Young Men's Christian Association, founded in 1853, is one of the most active agencies of evangelical work in Brooklyn. The Association building is at 502 Fulton street, corner Bond, and was erected in 1SS5 at a cost of 1300,000. It is a spacious and exceedinglj^ comfortable edifice and well equipped for the use it subserves. It contains a circulating library of over 12,000 volumes and a large reference library, two large lecture rooms, a reading room supplied with over 300 magazines and newspapers, an ex- cellent gymnasium, a running track, swimming tanks and shower baths, bowling alleys and many rooms for the convenience of chess and checker clubs. The Amateur Photographic League of the Association are accommo- dated with a room especially adapted to their use. The membership em- braces 2,000 young men. Twenty branches of study are embraced in the educational department; between 700 and 800 men are enrolled in the even- ing classes. There are six branches, located as follows: Bedford branch, 420 Gates avenue; Eastern branch, 131 S. 8th street; Long Island College League, Long Island College Building; Prospect Park branch, 362 9th street; 26th Ward branch, Pennsylvania avenue, and a German branch at 10 Graham avenue. The Young Women's Christian Association, a sister institution to the above, was organized in 1888 and carries on a work similar in its utility and comprehensiveness. The building of the Association, Schermerhorn street at the corner of Flatbush avenue, was formally opened November i, 1S92, and is an imposing seven story structure of brick and terra cotta. The in- terior appointments of the building are unexceptionable; the reception rooms are artistically decorated and every possible convenience and comfort is provided for members and visitors. Eighteen class-rooms are set apart for the educational work of the Association. The main auditorium has a seating capacity for 600, besides which there are assembly rooms seating 400. The library contains over 5,000 volumes and there is annexed to it an excel- lent reading room. The gymnasium is complete in its equipment and is provided with a running track and needle baths. The total membership is about 3,000. The Association is strictly non-sectarian. Churcli Music in Brooklyn. The fame of Brooklyn as the City of Churches is founded in no small degree upon the fact of the artistic excellence and completeness of what is, next after the preaching, the most essential element in a well-rounded and impressive form of religious service, whether primitive, ecclesiastical or ritualistic — its church music. Nor is this cardinal characteristic confined to any particular denomination, but it is shared in alike by the congrega- tions of the Mother Church of Rome, those of the Catholic and Apostolic Protestant Episcopal Communion, and tliat greater body of so-caUed CHURCHES. 161 Dissenters, whose congregations constitute the majority of the church going community. Brooklyn for many years enjoyed the distinction of being the nursery for church singers. Some of the most famous of the boy choristers known to the musical world were born and bred in the City of Churches. The membership of the original surpliced choir of the Dr. Henry Stephen Cut- ler, at old Trinity, New York city — the forenanner of the all-per\-ading vested choir of boys, men and women of the present — was made up almost exclusively of Brooklyn boys, several of whom are now holding prominent positions, either as rectors of parishes, organists and choirmas- ters, or soloists of church choirs in this city. Of the forty-three Protestant Episcopal churches in the city of Brook- lyn, twenty-three maintain vested choirs of boys and men, while the twen- ty-fourth, St. Peter's, (State street, near Bond,) has followed the lead of the parishes of St. Ignatius', All Souls' and St. George's in the diocese of New York, and reinforced the male choristers with women singers, who are also vested. In point of date of organization St. Mary's (Classen and Willough- by avenues) is entitled to take precedence among the churches of the Epis- copal communion in the matter of vested choirs. St. Mary's is a free church, in which respect it has long been unique in its denomination. Its choir was originally modelled after that of the parent organization in Trin- ity parish. New York, and the high standard established by the late Wm. A. M. Diller has been consistently maintained. St. James', although one of tha latest to make the change from the mixed- voice quartette and chorus to the vested choir, ranks among the lead- ing churches musically. While the services are not intended to measure up to the recognized cathedral standard, the modern English school is ade- quately represented in the works of Stainer, Bamby, Tours, Sullivan and kindred composers. St. Ann's-on-the-Heights, after many transitions, pro- vides what is to all intents and purposes one of the most comprehensive and satisfying examples of the choral service, pure and simple, the instru- mental accompaniment to which is of uncommon merit. Grace-on-the- Heights, which appropriates as much money for the support of its vested choir as any other Episcopal church in the diocese of Long Island, sets out programmes of a somewhat lighter character, the medium between the ca- thedral and the modern schools of church music being fairly well preserved, while prominence is given to the works of American composers. Among other vested choirs calling for special recognition are those of the Church of the Redeemer, St. Luke's, the Messiah (Greene and Cler- mont avenues), St. George's, All Saints', St. Paul's in Clinton street, St. Bartholomew's, St. Mark's (Bedford avenue), St. Mark's (Adelphi street) St. John's, the Atonement, St. Stephen's, St. Matthew's, and the Church of the Good Shepherd. The field offered for the display of brilliant music in the carrying out of the " high church," or ritualistic form of service, is illustrated to the fullest extreme in St. Martin's Church, President and Smith streets. Particularly conspicuous among the churches of this denomination for classicality, artistic worth, and the stateliness of its musical service is Holy Trinity at Clinton and Montague streets. It is not commonly known that the venerable rector of the parish, the Rev. Dr. Chas. H. Hall, is a violin virtu- oso, and as brilliant a performer on the instrument which in the hands of the giants of the musical world, from Paganini to Sarasate, has proved itself king of the orchestra, as he is able and eloquent as a pulpit expounder of 162 CITIZEN GUIDE. theological dogma and doctrine; yet such i-s the fact. There is entire accord, consequently, between the chancel and the choir loft, with the result that the ripe culture and scholarly ability of Mr. Dudley Buck is afforded opportunity for the broadest exemplification of much of the music so admirably performed at Holy Trinity by the quartet and chorus choir, while the product of the pen of Mr. Buck, who enjoys the repute of being- one of the most prolific composers of church music in this or any other country, is sung from the original manuscript, the fact of the works not having been published rendering them all the more valuable. Striking examples of this nature, which constitute in themselves a liberal education in the art of adaptation, are the Te Deums arranged by Mr. Buck from Mendelssohn's magnificent oratorio of "Elijah" and the ' God, Thou Art Great," Cantata of Spohr. At the Church of the Redeemer, one of the leading features of the musical services is the scholarly quality of the selections and the finish and careful attention to detail with which they are performed. The organist and choirmaster here is Mr. Edward J. Fitzhugh, to whose self den>nng labors in the cause of good music the music lovers of Brooklyn are indebted, more than to any other individual, for the knowledge of what is possible to be attained in the matter of perfection of mixed-voice part-singing. Noteworthy Episcopal churches having quartet and chorus choirs in combination are Christ. Clinton street; Grace, Conselyea street; Christ, Bedford avenue; Calvary, Marcy avenue, and St. Barnabas, Bushwick avenue. The Reformed Episcopal Church of the Reconciliation, Jefferson and Nostrand avenues, has a mixed voice quartet, and the only colored Protestant Episcopal church in Brooklyn, St. Augustine's, Canton street between Myrtle and Park avenues, has a surpliced choir of thirty voices. In the churches of the Roman Catholic communion, with hardly an exception, impressiveness of ecclesiastical and musical display go hand in hand. Representative churches in the several sections of the city may be briefly mentioned without attempt being made at classification in order of merit. The Church of St. Charles Borromeo, Sidney Place, celebrated for the brilliancy of its festival services, has a capable quartet and organist. At St. Patrick's, Kent and Willoughby avenues, where Bernard O'Reilly is the organist and choirmaster, brilliant masses and vesper services can be enjoyed. One of the best-known of the resident composers of Brooklyn is the organist and musical director of the Church of St. Agnes, Hoyt and Degraw street's, and the works of John M. Loretz are consequently conspicuous among the selections intrtisted to the interpretation of the group of com- petent soloists constituting the quartet choir. It is at the Church of St. Stephen, Summit and Hicks streets, however, that the unique in church music is provided, male voice and Gregorian masses being not infrequently a feature of the services. St. Peter's Church, Warren and Hicks streets, celebrated under the pastorate of the lamented Father Francioli for musical enterprise, has a quartet and a chorus choir of twenty voices, and continues to maintain its excellent repute. Churches other than those already named having claims to particular ■ merit or consideration are St. John's Chapel, Greene and Clermont avenues; St. Paul's, Court and Congress streets; the Nativity, Classon avenue and Monroe street; St. Augustine's, Sixth avenue and Stirling Place; Sacred Heart, Clermont near Park avenue; the Transfigur- CHURCHES. 163 ation, Hooper street and Marcy avenue; Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Leonard and Maujer streets; Sts. Peter and Paul Wythe avenue near So. Second street; St. Anthony of Padua's, Greenpoint St. James Pro-Cathedral, Jay street; Holy Trinity (German), Montrose avenue; Our Lady of Mercy, Uebevoise Place; and Holy Name, Isinth avenue and Prospect Place. In the lifetime of the " Old Man Eloquent," the Congregational denomi- nation absorbed all that was worth while in church music in the estimation of strangers visiting the city of Brooklyn for the first time, to whom the be-all and end-all in that direction was the glorious congregational singing in Plymouth Church. When Henry Ward Beecher said, in the quiet, con- versational tone in which he was wont to address his monster congrega- tions, "Let us sing and play ' Zundel,'" a tremendous wave of melody went up. Plymouth counts among its musical forces of the current period a quartet of solo-trained Sunday school children for use on special festival occasions which arc under the direction of Chas. H. Morse, Mus. Bac, as organist and choirmaster. A disposition toward a ritualistic form of musical worship is plain- ly apparent in the churches of the Congregational as well as those of other Protestant denominations. Notable instances of this tendency are to be met with in the Church of the Pilgrims ; the Central Church, Hancock street, with its double quartet and chorus; the Clinton avenue, the membership of whose admirable quartet recalls pleasurable recollections of the famous English Glee Club; the New England, Tompkins avenue, South and Puritan Churches. Not the least of the attractions of the Tabernacle wherein the Rev. Dr. Talmage holds forth is the brilHant organ playing of Henry Eyre Browne and the valvular pyrotechnics of Peter Ah, the cornetist. The congrega- tion do the singing. In sharp contrast with the musical service here is that of the Lavafette Avenue Presbyterian Church, where a carefully trained quartet and chorus choir furnish the music under the direction of the organ- ist of the church, John Hyatt Brewer. Once in every month, save during the vacation period, a Sunday evening praise service is given here at which the works of the masters are performed. At the First Presbyterian Church in Henry street, where the presiding genius is Mr. R. Huntington Woodman, the dilettant in sacred music, the vogue is in the matter of selections and interpretation, the quartet being re- miniscent of the Manuscript Society of New York. Professional and semi- professional singers, favorably known to the local concert stage, are also to be met with in the quartet choirs of the Second, Clinton and P.emsen streets; the Throop Avenue, Westminster, Ross Street, Memorial and Classen Avenue Presbyterian churches. The musical services m the Methodist Episcopal Churches, originall}^ of the plainest and most primitive character, have kept pace with the progress of the times. Fleet street. First Place and South Second street adhere to the volunteer chorus choir; in the DeKalb Avenue Church the congregation is led in its devotions by organ and cornet, but in the old York street, Summerfield, St. John's, Simpson, Janes, Hanson Place, Grace, Seventh Avenue, Sumner Avenue and Nostrand Avenue churches the quartet choir is the vogue, and the music is of a high order of merit. Hanson Place Church has in addition a chorus of fifty voices. In the Baptist denomination the beautiful Emmanuel Church at La- fayette avenue and St. James Place, which owes it being largely to the benefi- 164 CITIZEN GUIDE. cence of the late Chas. Piatt, the quartet choir is the medium for musical worship of the congregation, as is also the case at the First Free, Marey avenue and Keap street; the Greenwood, which has a supporting chorus of thirty voices, the Strong Place, the Washington avenue and the Sixth Avenue. The Greene Avenue Church, near Lewis avenue, rejoices in a double quartet. In the Centennial Church the congregational singing is led by a chorus of volunteers, and the Hanson Place and the Marcy Avenue churches by a precentor. Seekers after the charming and dehghtful in tone-painting will not fail of attendance on the musical services at the Reformed Church on the Heights. At the other extreme of Brooldyn the quartet of the Twelfth Street Church commands attention, while the First Reformed Church, in Seventh avenue at Carroll street, enjoys the beneht of the services of Mrs. Jennie Hall Wade. It was in the Unitarian Church of the Saviour, Pierrepont street and Monroe Place, during the ministry of the Rev. Dr. Frederick A. Farley, that the beautiful and impressive vesper service of that communion was insti- tuted, the chief features of which are retained in the musical worship led by the present admirable quartet choir. The Second Unitarian Church, at Clinton and Congress streets, has both quartet and congregational singing, w^hilethe latter is the vogue at Unity Chapel, Gates avenue and Irving Place. The Universalist Churches of Our Father, Grand Avenue and Lefferts Place; All Souls', South Nmth street near Bedford avenue, and the Church of the Good Tidings, Quincy street near Reid avenue, are adequately equipped in the matter of quartet choirs and organists for the performance of good music. Familiar and congregational music is sung in the Zion Lutheran Church by a mixed quartet and a chorus of boys and men. Grace and St. Luke's have congregational singing, led by a large chorus of volunteers. St. Peter's in Bedford avenue supplements its solo quartet with a cornet. Brilliant and effective music is to be enjoyed amid peculiarly impres- sive and attractive surroundings in Temple Israel, Bedford and Lafayette avenues, the membership of the quartet here being made up of singers of eminence; Synagogue of the congregation Beth Elohim, State and Hoyt streets; and Temple Beth Elohim, Keap street, near Division avenue. Directory of Brooklyn Cliurches. The following is a complete list of the churches in Brooklyn: Baptist. — Bedford Ave., Bedford Ave. bet. Myrtle and Willoughby, J. H. Gunning; Bedford Heights, Bergen St. cor. Rogers Ave., R. Mar- shall Harrison, D.D; Berean, Prospect Place near Utica Ave., pastorate vacant; Bethany, cor. Vanderbilt and Atlantic Aves., R. I. Gaines; Bush- wick Ave., Bushwick Ave. cor. Wierfield, T. J. Whitaker; Calvary, cor. Sumner Ave. and Decatur St., vacant; Centennial, Adelphi St. near Myrtle Ave., Isaac N. Phelps; Central, Bridge St. bet. Myrtle Ave. and Wil- loughby St., Edward Everett Knapp; Central, Marcy Ave. cor S. Fifth St., J. L. Ray, Ph. D.; Concord, 165 Duffield St., Wm. T. Dixon; East End, Van Siclen Ave. near Eastern Parkway, Geo. H. Home; Emmanuel, Lafayette Ave. and St. James Place, John Humpstone, D.D.; First, cor. Lee Ave. and Keap St., Daniel C. Eddy, D.D.; First East New York, Smith and Schenck Aves., R. H. Baker; First Free Baptist, Keap St. cor. Marcy Ave., Rivington D. Lord; First German, Montrose Ave., near Union Ave., J. C. Grimmell; First German, Prospect Ave. near Sixth Ave., S. Kornmeier; First, Greenpoint, Noble St, near Manhattan Ave,, Wm. Jes- CHURCHES. 165 sup Sholar; First Swedish, 543 Atlantic Ave., O. Hedeen; Greene Avenue, Greene Ave. bet. Lewis and Stuyvesant Ave., R. B. Montgomery; Green- wood, Fourth Ave. and 15th St.; Robt. B. Hull; Hanson Place, Hanson Place, cor. South Portland Ave., A. C. Dixon; Hope, Union Ave. and South SecondSt., J. G. Ditmars; Marcy Avenue, Marcyand Putnam Aves., W. C. P. Rhoades; Memorial Baptist, Eighth Ave. and 16th St., pastorate vacant; Messiah, Dean St., bet. Troy and Schenectady, Rufus L. Perry; Ocean Hill, Rockaway Ave. and Somers St., Geo. F. WaiTen; Pilgrim, S. W. cor. McDonough St. and Patchen Ave., Webster R. Maul; Second, Ainslie St. near Graham Ave., Edward K. Cressey; Second German, Wal- labout St. near Harrison Ave., H. Trumpp; Sixth Ave. cor. Sixth Ave. and Lincoln Place, R. B. Kelsey, D.D. ; Strong Place, DeGraw St. and Strong Place, Irwin Dennett; Tabernacle, cor. Clinton St. and Third PI., pastor- ate vacant; Trinity, cor. Greene and Patchen Aves., H. M. Gallaher; Union Ave., Manhattan Ave. and Meserole St., Archibald H. MacLaurin; Wash- ington Ave., cor. Gates and Washington Aves., Edward Braislin; West End, 47th St. near 3rd Ave., Geo. W. Greetiwood; Wyckoff Ave., Wyckoff and Cooper Aves. , S. V. Robinson; Flatbush, DiamondSt., Henry J. Goeller. CoNGREGATioN.vL. — Atlantic Avenue Chapel, Cor. Atlantic and Grand Aves., John Kershaw; Beecher Memorial, Herkimer St. near Rockaway Ave., S. B. Halliday; Bethel of Plymouth Church, 13 and 15 Hicks St., Howard S. Bliss; Bethesda Chapel, Ralph Ave. cor. Chauncey St., Chas. Herald; Bushwick Ave., Bushwick Ave. and Cornelia St., Chas. W. King; Central, Hancock St. near Franklin Ave., A. J. F. Behrends; Clinton Avenue, Clinton cor. Lafayette Ave., Thos. B. McLeod, D.D.; Church of the Pilgi-ims, Henry cor. Remsen St., R. S. Storrs; East, Tompkins near DeKalb, Doremus Scudder; Lee Ave, Lee Ave. cor. Hooper St., J. Brittan Clark; Lewis Ave. Cor. Lewis Ave. and Madison St., Robert J. Kent; May- flower Branch of Plymouth Church, Jay St. near High, Richard H. Bos- worth; Nazarene, Adelphi near Fulton St., A. J. Henry; New England, South Ninth St. near Driggs Ave., Alexander Lewis; Park, Seventh St. and Sixth Ave., R. C. HaUock, Ph. D. ; Park Avenue, (branch Tompkins Avenue), Park Ave. cor. Marcy, vacant; Pilgrim Chapel (branch of Church of the Pilgrims), cor. Henry and DeGraw St., E. H. Byington; Pilgrim (Swedish Evangelical), 413-15 Atlantic Ave., bet. Nevins and Bond, August L. Anderson; Plymouth, Orange St. near Hicks, Lyman Abbott, D.D.; Puritan, Southwest cor. Lafayette and Marcy Aves., E. P. Ter- hune, D.D.; Rochester Avenue, cor. Rochester Ave. and Herkimer St., Albert F. Newton; Rockaway Avenue, Rockaway Ave. near Blake St., Richard Penrose; St. James' IMission, 46 Boerum St. near Lorimer, Moses Manning; South, cor. Court and President St., Albert J. Lyman; Tompkins Avenue, Tompkins Ave. and McDonough St., Robt. R. Meredith, D.D.; Trinity, Dean St. cor. Nostrand Ave., Henry Rundall Waite, Ph. D.; Union, Powell St. near East New York Ave., D. Butler Pratt; Willoughby Ave. Chapel (branch of Clinton Avenue Congregational Church), Wil- loughby near Grand Ave., August A. Robertson. GERM.A.N Evangelical. — Emmanuel, 396-S Melrose St. near Knicker- bocker, A. Pfost; Harrison Avenue, Harrison Ave. bet. Gwinnett and Middletown Sts., J. P. Schnatz; Salem Church, Jefferson Ave. near Cen- tral Ave., F. Kurtz; St. Paul's, 541-3 Leonard St., Carl Buehler; Zion, Liberty Ave., F. Weishar. Jewish. — AhavasAchim, Johnson Ave. nearEwen St., M. B. Newmark; Baith Israel, Boerum PI. cor. State St., M. Friedlander; Beth Jagob, Keap 166 CITIZEN GUIDE. St. nearS. 5th St.,Sol. Eaum; Cook Street Synagogue, 44 Cook St., P. Feld- blum; Temple Beth-El, iioNobleSt., M. J. Luebke; Beth Elohim, Statenear Hoyt St. , G.Tanhenhaus ; Bikur Cholim of East New York, Wyona St. , A. Can- tor; Temple Beth Elohim, Keap St. near Division Ave. (E. D.), Leopold Wint- ner, Ph. D. ; Temple Israel, cor. Bedford and Lafayette Aves., A. H. Geismar. Lutheran. — Bethlehem (German), Marion St. near Reid Ave., E. H. William Kandelhart; Bethlehem (Swedish), Pacific near Smith St., Dr. F. Jacobson; Emmanuel (German), S. Fifth cor. Driggs Ave., F. T. Koerner; Emmanuel (German), 7th St. near Fifth Ave., E. F. Giese, D. D.; German Evangelical, Schermerhorn St. near Court, Jacob W. Loch; Grace (English), Rodney St. near S. 2d St., pastorate vacant; Holy Trinity (German), Americus Hall, 208 Grand St., G. Henry Vosseler; Our Saviour (Danish), 193-5 9th St. near 3d Ave., Rasmers Anderson; Our Saviour (Norwegian), 632-6 Henry St., C. S. Everson; St. Johannes' (German), Maujer St. near Humboldt, J. P. Beyer; St. John's (German), Milton St. near Manhattan Ave., F. W. Oswald.; St. John's (German), cor. Liberty and New Jersey Aves., Justus F. Holstein; St. John's (German), Prospect Ave. bet. 5th and 6th Aves., J. H. Sommer; St. Luke's (German), Carlton Ave. near Myrtle Ave., J. Henry Baden; St. Mark's (German), Evergreen Ave. cor. Jeffer- son, A. E. Frey; St. Matthew's (English), cor. Clinton and Amity Sts., T. T. Everett, D. D.; St. Paul's (German), Henry, bet. 2d and 3d PL, John Hup- penbauer; St. Paul's (German), S. 5th and Rodney Sts., Henry B. Strodach; St. Paul's (German), Wyona St. near Glenmore Ave. , J. F. Flath; St. Peter's (German), Bedford near DeKalb Ave., John J. Heischmann, D. D.; St. Paul's (Norwegian), Palmetto St. and Knickerbocker Ave., H. Chr. Luehr; St. Paul's, McDonough St. near Reid Ave., L. J. Sandrain; Sea- men's (Scandinavian), William St., bet. Richards and Van Brant, Kr. K. Saarheim; Trinity (German), Harrison St. cor. Tompkins PL, Geo. Koenig; Trinity (Norwegian), cor. 22d St. and 3d Ave., M. H. Hegge; Zion (Ger- man), Henry St. near Clark, Emil C. J, Kraeling. Methodist Episcopal. — Andrews, Richmond St., near Jamaica Ave., W T. Pray; Bethany (Swedish), Troy Ave. and Herkimer St., Carl F. Thom- blad; Bethel Ship (Norwegian), Carroll St., near Hoyt St., Sevesim Simon- son; Bush wick Ave., Bushwick Ave., cor. Madison, F. B. Upham; Central, cor. S. Fifth St. and Driggs Ave., W. D. Thompson; De Kalb Ave., near Franklin Ave., John Rippere; Eighteenth St., Eighteenth St., near Fifth Ave., Chas. H. Buck; Emanuel (Swedish), Dean St. near Fifth Ave., A. J. And^erson; Embury, Herkimer St. and Schenectady Ave., Wellesley W. iiowdish; Epworth, cor. Bushwick and De Kalb Aves., Plorace W. Byrnes; First, 405 Manhattan Ave., Wm. A. Layton; First Place, First Place and Henry St., R. S. Pardington, D. D.; Fleet Street M. E., Fleet PL, cor. L iay- ette PL, Otto F. Bartholow, Fourth Ave., Fourth Ave. and Forty -seventh St., James H. Lightbourne; Francis, Park Ave., near Spencer St., C. S. Wil- liams; Goodsell, Adams and Sheridan Ave., E. H. Hopgood; Grace, Seventh Av. and St. John's Place, Chas. M. Giffin, D. D.; Hanson, Hanson PL; cor. St. Felix St., Chas. W. Parsons, D. D. ; Hatfield, cor. Leonard and Conselyea Sts., W. M. Hughes; Janes, Monroe St. and Reid Ave., James Montgomery; Johnson St., cor. Jay and Johnson, vacant; Knickerbocker Ave., Knickerbocker Ave. and Ralph St., W. M. Stonehill; New York Ave., New York Ave. and Dean St., Melville B. Chapman, D. D.; North Fifth St., North Fifth St. and Bedford Ave., W. C. Wilson; Nos- strand Ave., Nostrand Ave. cor. Quincy St., Arthur H. Goodenough; Powers Street, Powers St., bet. Ewen and Leonard Sts., E. O. Tree; ' I BANK— STONE MILL AND YARD. Court Street, Cor. Montague, OPPOSITE CITY HALL. CAPITAL, - - - $500,000 SURPLUS, 570,000 GEORGE W. WHITE, President, HENRY N. BRUSH, Vice-President, GEORGE MoMlLLAN", Cashier. DIRECTORS. SAMUEL SLOAN, JOH^ P. ROLFE, ISAAC CARHART, WILLIAM MARSHALL, DANIEL D. WHITNEY, JACOB COLE, ABRAHAM B. BAYLIS, JAMES RAYMOND, JUDAH B. YOORHEES, GEORGE W. CHAUNCEY, DANIEL F. FERNALD, HENRY N. BRUSH, GEORGE W. WHITE. ANDREW^ D. BAIRD. RICHARD FRITZ. A. D. BAIRD & CO., Stone Mill and Yard, CONNECTICUT BROWN STONE, Blue, Dorchester and Ohio Free Stone. COR. KEAP ST. and WYTHE AVE., Telephone Call, 455 Williamsburgh. BROOKLYN, E. D., N. Y. CHURCHES. 167 Russell Place, cor. Herkimer St. above Saratoga Ave., John J. Foust; Sands St. Memorial, cor. Clark and Henry Sts. , Geo. Van Alstyne; Simpson, Clermont and Willoughby Aves., J. O. Wilson; Sixth Avenue, cor. Sixth Ave. and Eighth St., W. W. Clark; South Second Street, S. 2d St. near Driggs, H. L). Weston, D. D. ; South Third Street, cor. South Third and Hewes Sts., Wm. W. Gillies; St. John's, Bedford Ave. and Wilson St., J. Wesley Johnston; St. Luke's, Penn St. and Marcy Ave., Robert Wasson; .St. Paul's, cor. Richards and'Sullivan Sts. , Gustav Laass; Sumnierfield, cor. Washington and Greene Avs., Herbert Welch, Sumner Avenue, cor. Stunner Ave. and Van BurenSt., James S. Chadwick, D. D.; Tabernacle, Manhat- tan Ave., opp. Noble St., A. S. Kavanagh; Throop Avenue, Throop Ave. near Ellery St., R. Stanley Povey; Warren Street, Warren St., near Smith, Wm. E. Smith; Wesley, Eastern Parkwaj^ cor. Berriman St., Nathan Hub- bell; Williams Avenue, Williams Ave. near Atlantic, R. W. Jones; York Street, cor. York and Gold Sts., Lemuel Richardson. Gkr.man Methodist Episcopal. — First German, cor. Lorimer and Stagg Sts., F. H. Rey; Greene Avenue German, 1171 Greene Ave., G.J. Bubeck; St. John's German. Yates Place between Broadway and Flushing Ave., A. Flammann; Wyckoff Street, Wyckoff, near Smith St., Frederick Gleuk. Methodist Episcopal Colored. — St. John's Mission, Howard Ave. bet. Atlantic Av. and Herkimer St., J. F. Anderson; Union Bethel, Schenec- tady Ave. and Dean St., J. G. T. Fry; Wesleyan, Bridge St., near Mj^rtle Ave., W. H. H. Butler; Cosmopolitan, Atlantic, near Troy Ave., C. H. Johnson; Fleet Street, Fleet St. near Myrtle Ave., R. H. Stitt; Union Zion, S. Third St., near Hooper, Geo. E. Smith. Primitive Methodists. — First Primitive Methodist, Park Ave. near N. Elliott PL, Owen Odell (supply); Monroe Street, Monroe St., near Stuy- vesant Av., Stephen Wright; Orchard, Oakland St., near Nassau Ave., J. J. Arnaud; The People's Mission of the Fourth P. M. Church, 246 Myrtle Ave. , vacant; Welcome Primitive Methodist, Classen Ave. near Myrtle, Cornelius V. A. Lacour. Methodist Free Church. — First Free Methodist, Sixteenth St., near Fourth Ave., J. T. Logan. Methodist Protestant. — Trinity, South Fourth St., cor. Roebling St. , J. H. Lucas; Mission, North 3d St., J. J. White. Protestant Episcopal. — All Saints, Seventh Ave., cor. Seventh St., Melville Boyd; Calvarys Marcy Ave. cor. S. Ninth St., Cornelius L. Twing; Christ, (E. D.) Bedford Ave., near Division Ave., James H. Darlington, Ph. 1).; Christ, cor. Clinton and Harrison Sts., Arthur B. Kinsolving; Christ Chapel, Walcott St., bet. Van Brunt and Conover, James Buchanan, Ph. ]).; Church of Our Saviour, Clinton St., cor. of Luquer, Hugh Maguire; Church of the Ascension, Kent St., R. W. Cochrane; Chtirch of the Atone- ment, Seventeenth St., near Fifth Ave., E. Homer Wellman, B. D.; Church of the Good Shepherd, MclJonough St., bet. Lewis and Stuy\'esant Aves., A. F. Underhill; Church of the Messiah, cor. Greene and Clermont Aves., Charles R. Baker; Emmanuel (St. Martin's) President, cor. Smith St., H. Ormond Riddel; Grace Church on the Heights, Grace Court, cor. Hicks St., C. B. Brewster; Grace, Conselyea St., near Lorimer, Wm. G. Ivie; Grace Chapel, High St., near Gold St., vacant; Holy Comforter (Schenck Mem- orial), Debevoise St., (E. D.), Wm. T. Tierkel; Holy Trinity, Clinton St., cor. Montague, C. H. Hall; St. Andrew's, 47th St., near Third Ave., Wm. Allan Fiske, LL.D. ; St. Ann's, cor. of Clinton and Livingston Sts., Reese F. Alsop, D. D.; St. Augustine's, Canton, near Park 158 CITIZEN GUIDE. Ave., J. P, Williams; St. Barnabas', Bushwick Ave., opp. Ralph St., David L. Fleming; St. Bartholomew's, Bedford Ave. and Pacific St., Turner B. Oli- ver; St. Chrysostom's, Tompkins Ave., cor. McDonough St.. J. B. Nies; St. Clement's, Pennsylvania and Liberty Aves., R. F. Pendleton; St. George's, Marcy Ave., cor Gates, H. R. Harris; St. James', Lafayette Ave. and St. James PI., Chas. W. Homer; St. John's, St. John's PL, near Seventh Ave., Geo. F. Breed; St. John's Chapel, Albany Ave., cor. of Atlantic, A. C. Bunn; jt. Jude's, 55th St., near 13th Ave., Blythebourne, Robt. Bayard Snowden; it. Luke's, Clinton Ave., near Fulton, Henry C. Swentzel; St. Margaret's .hajjel, 135 Van Brunt St., pastorate vacant; St. Mark's, Adelphi St., jpencer S, Roche; St. Mark's (E. D.), cor. of Bedford Ave. and S. Fifth St., Samuel M. Haskins, D. D.; St. Mary's, Classon and Willoughby Aves., W. W. Bellinger; St. Matthew's, Throop Ave., cor of Pulaski St., A. A. Morri- son; St. Michael's, North Fifth St., near Bedford Ave., W. H. Thomas; St. Paul's, Chnton and Carroll Sts., J. Dolby Skene; St. Peter's, State St., near Bond, Lindsay Parker, M. A. ; St. Stephen's, Jefferson and Patchen Aves., Henry T. Scudder; St. Thomas', cor. Bushwick Ave. and Cooper St., James Clarence Jones, Ph. D. ; St. Timothy's Chapel, Howard Ave., near At- lantic Ave., Walter 1. Stecher; The Church of the Redeemer, Fourth Av. and Pacific St., G. Calvert Carter, M. A.; The Church of the Reformation, Gates Ave., bet. Classon and Franklin Aves., J. G. Bacchus, D.D.; Trinity, Arlington and Schenck Aves., N. R. Boss. Presbyterian. — Ainslie Street, cor. Ainslie and Ewen Sts., R. S. Daw- son; Arlington Avenue, cor. Arlington Ave. and Elton St., Augustus B. Prichard; Bethany, McDonough St. and Howard Ave., John A. Billingsley; Bethlehem Mission, 575 Atlantic Ave., D. M. Heydrick; Central, Tompkins and Willoughby Aves., John F. Carson; City Hall Chapel, Concord near Gold St., Henry G. Golden; Classon Avenue, cor. Monroe St. and Classon Ave., Jos. Dunn Burrell; Cumberland Street, bet. Myrtle and Park Aves., G. M. Makely; Cuyler Chapel of Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church, 358 Pacific St. near Bond, John Lewis Clark; Duryea, Clermont Ave. near Atlantic, John E. Fray; Emanuel Chapel, Central Ave. near Madison St., Wm. Phin Mackay; Fifth German, Moore St. near Humboldt St., Charles H. Schwarzbach; First, Henry St. near Clark St., Charles Cuthbert Hall, D. D.; First German, cor. Leonard and Stagg Sts., John G. Hehr; Franklin Avenue, Franklin Ave. near Myrtle, Charles Edwards; German Evangelical, WyonaSt., bet. Fulton St. and Jamaica Ave., Henry Freeh; Grace, Stuyvesant Ave. near Jefferson, Asbury C. Clarke; Greene Avenue, Greene Ave., bet. Reid and Patchen Aves., H. G. Mendenhall; Hopkins Street (German), Hopkins St., A. W. Fismer; Kirche Friedens, Willoughby Ave. near Broadway, Louis Wolferz; Lafayette Avenue, Lafayette Ave. cor. S. Oxford St., David Gregg, D. D.; Memorial, Seventh Ave. and St. John's PI., T. A. Nelson, D. D.; Mount Olivet, Evergreen Ave. cor. Trout- man St., David Junor; Noble Street, Noble St. cor. Lorimer St., R. D. Sproull, D. D.; Olivet Chapel, Bergen St. near 6th Ave., pastorate vacant; Prospect Heights, 8th Ave. and loth St., Wm. A. HoUiday, D. D.; Ross Street, Ross St. near Bedford Ave., J. E. Adams; Second, Clinton St. cor. Remsen St., John Fox; Siloam, Prince St. near Myrtle Av., W. R. Law- ton; South Third Street, cor. S. 3d St. and Driggs Ave., John D. Wells, D. D. ; Tabernacle, Clinton Ave. and Greene, T. DeWitt Talmage; Throop Avenue, Throop, cor. Willoughby Ave., Louis R. Foote, D. D. ; Trinity, cor. Marcy and Jefferson Aves., J. H. Montgomery; Westminster, Clinton St. cor, First PL, Alfred H. Moment, D, p, CHURCHES. 169 United Presbyterian. — First United Presbyterian of Brooklyn, S. ist and Rodney Sts., James H. Andrew; Second United Presbyterian, cor. At- lantic Ave. and Bond St., D. J. Patterson. Reformed Dutch. — Bedford Avenue, Bedford Ave. cor. Clymer St., A. W. Mills; Bedford, Ormond PI. cor. Jefferson Ave., H. C. Berg; Bethany, Hudson Ave. near Myrtle, pastorate vacant; Bethany Chapel, Schenck Ave. near Liberty, pastorate vacant; Centennial Chapel, under care of First Reformed Church, Wyckoff St. near 3d Ave., O. P. Stockwell; Church on the Heights, Pierrepont St. near Henry, Wesley Reid Davis, D. D.; E. N. Y. Reformed, New Jersey Av. near Fulton, Jesse W. Brooks, Ph. D.; First Reformed, 7th Ave. and Carroll St., James M. Farrar, D. D.; Ger- man, Herkimer St. near Howard Ave., J. Webber; German, Graham Ave. near Jackson St., W. Wolenta; Kent Street, Kent St. near Manhattan Ave., Lewis Francis; New Lots, New Lots Ave. near Schenck Ave., N. Pearse; North Reformed, Clermont Ave., bet. Myrtle and Willoughby, Edwin F. Hal- lenbeck; Ocean Hill, Herkimer St. near Hopkinson Ave., A. Messier Quick; OldBushwick, cor. Bushwick Ave. and N. 2d St., T. Calvin McClelland, Ph. D.; South Brooklyn, 3d Ave. and 52d St., John Tallmadge Bergen; South Bushwick, Bushwick Ave. cor. Himrod St., George D. Hulst, Ph. D.; St. Peter's German Evangelical, cor. Union Ave. and Scholes St., John C. Guen- ther; Twelfth Street, 12th St., bet. 4th and 5th Aves., John E. Lloyd. Unitarian. — Church of the Saviour, Pierrepont St. cor. Monroe PI., Samuel A. Eliot; Second Unitarian, cor. Clinton and Congress Sts., J. W. Chadwick; Unity Church, Gates Ave. and Irving PI., Stephen H. Camp. Universalist. — All Souls', S. gth near Bedford Ave., John Coleman Adams; Church of Our Father, Grand Ave. and Lefferts PI., C. Elwood Nash, D. D.; Church of the Good Tidings, (Fourth Universalist), Quincy St. near Reid Ave., J. Russell Taber; Prospect Heights (South Brooklyn), 8th St. cor. 7th Ave., J. M. Bartholomew; Church of the Reconciliation, N. Henry St. near Nassau Ave. , pastorate vacant. Miscellaneous. — Berean Evangelical Church, cor. Sumner Ave. and Kosciusko St., W. Gould; Church of the New Jerusalem, Monroe PI. cor. Clark St., J. C. Ager; Church of Christ (Disciples), Stirling PL, near 7th Ave., Thomas Chalmers; Church of Christ (Second), Humboldt St. near Nassau Ave., A. B. Phillips; First Church of Christ (Scientist), Aurora Grata Cathedral, Bedford Ave. and Madison St., Frank E. Mason; First German New Church Society, 246 Lynch St., Wm. Diehl; First Reformed Catholic, Cumberland St., E. H. Walsh; Friends' Orthodox Church, cor. Lafayette and Washington Aves. , James B. Chase; Household of Faith, Greene Ave. near Tompkins Ave., Wm. N. Pile; Moravian Church, Jay St. near MjTtle Ave., Clarence E. Eberman. Roman Catholic. — St. James' Pro-Cathedral, Jay St., cor. Chapel, Bishop McDonnell, J. A. Brosnau, Pro-rector; St. John's Chapel, Clermont Ave., cor. Greene, James H. Mitchell; AU Saints (German), Throop Ave. and Thornton St., Anthony Arnold; St. Alphonsus (German), Kent St., near Manhattan Ave., Wendelin Guhl; St. Ambrose, Tompkins and De Kalb Aves., D. J. Sheehy; St. Agnes, Hoyt and Sackett Sts., James S. Duffy; St. Anne's, Front and Gold Sts., James J. Durick; St. Anthony of Padua, Manhattan Ave., opp. Milton St., P. F. O'Hare; Annunciation of the B. V. Mary (German), N. Fifth and Seventh Sts., George Kaupert; Ass^imption of the B. V. Mary, York and Jay Sts., James J. McCusker; St. Augustine's, Sixth Ave. and Stirling PI., Edward W. McCarty; St. Benedict's (German), Fulton St. near 170 CITIZEN lGUIDE. Ralph Ave., John M. Hanselman; St. Bernard's (German), Rapelyea St. near Hicks, Michael N. Wagner, S. T. D. ; St. Boniface's (German), Duffield St. near Willoughby, George Foser; St. Bridget's, Linden St. and St. Nicholas Ave., John McCloskey; Blessed Sacrament, Fidton and Market Sts., Joseph J. McCoy; St. Cecilia's, Herbert and N. Henr}^ Sts., Edward J. McGoldrick; St. Casimir's (Polish), Greene Ave., near Adelphi St., Vin- cent Brownikowski; St. Charles Borromeo's, Sidney PI. cor. Livingston St., Thomas F. Ward; St. Edward's, Canton and Division Sts., James F. Mealia; Fourteen Holy Martyrs, Central Ave. and Covert St., B. F. Kurtz; St. Francis de Sales, Broadway and Hull St., E. M. Porcile, S. P. M.; St.' Francis Xavier, Carroll St. and Sixth Ave., David J. Hickey; St. George (Lithuanian), N. Tenth St. and Bedford Ave., M. Yodyszus; Holy Name, Ninth Ave., cor. Prospect, Thomas S. O'Reilly; Holy Family (German), Thirteenth St., bet. Fourth and Fifth Aves., James J. Hanselman; Holy Trinity (German), Montrose Ave., bet. Graham Ave. and Ewen St., Michael May, V. G.; Holy Rosary, Chauncey St., near Reid Ave., Domi- nick Monteverde; Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Leonard and Maujer Sts., James Taaffe; St. John the Evangelist, Twenty- first St., near Fifth Ave., Bernard J. McHugh; St. John the Baptist, Wil- loughby Ave. , bet. Lewis and Stuyvesant Aves., J. A. HartnetL; St. Joseph's, Pacific St. , near Vanderbilt Ave., Edward Corcoran; St. Leonard's (Ger- man), Hamburgh Ave. and Jefferson St., Henry F. Weitekamp; St. Louis' (French), EUery St., near Nostrand Ave., James Jallon; St. Malachi's, Van Siclen near Atlantic Ave. , Mortimer Brennan; St. Mary's Star of the Sea, Court and Luqueer Sts., Joseph O'Connell, D. D.; St. Matthew's, Utica Ave. and Degraw St., Patrick J. McClinchy; St. Michael's (Italian), York and Jay Sts., P. De Santi; St. Michael's (German), John St., near Atlantic Ave., A. M. Nieman; St. Michael's, Fourth Ave. and Twenty-second St. , Henry A. Gallagher; Nativity of Our Blessed Lord, Classon Ave. and Madison St., Michael J. Moran; St. Nicholas (GeiTnan), Olive and Powers Sts., John P. Hoffman; Our Lady of Good Counsel, Putnam Ave., near Ralph Ave., Eugene P. Mahoney; Our Lady of Mere}-, Debevoise PI., near De Kalb Ave. , P, J. McNamara, V. G. ; Our Lady of the Presentation, Rockaway and St. Marks Ave. , Hugh Hand; Our Lady of Mount Carmel (Italian), N. Eighth St. and Union Ave., Peter Saponara; Our Lady of Sorrow (German), Morgan Ave. and Harrison PL, John Zentgraf; Our Lady of Victory, Throop Ave. and McD.onough St., James J. Woods; St. Pat- rick's, Kent and WiUoughby Aves., Thomas Taaffe; St. Paul's, Court and Congress Sts., Wm J. Hill; Sts. Peter and Paul, Wythe Ave., bet. S. Second and S. Third Sts., Sylvester Malone; St. Peter's, Hicks and War- ren Sts., John J. Canmer; Sacred Heart, Clermont Ave., near Park Ave., John F. Nash; Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary (Italian), President and Van Brunt Sts., Pasquale De Nisco; St. Stanislaus Martyr (Scandinavian), Fourteenth St., near Sixth Ave., Claudius H. Dumahut; St. Stephen's, Summit and Hicks Sts., Michael T. Kilahy; St. Thomas Aquinas, Fourth Ave. and Ninth St., James Donohoe; St. Teresa's, Classon Ave., cor. Butler St., Joseph McNamee; Transfiguration, Hooper St., cor. of Marcy Ave., John M. Kiely; St. Vincent de Paul, N. Sixth St., near Bedford Ave., Martin Carroll; Visitation of the B. V. Mary, Verona St., cor. of Richards St., John J. Loughran, D. D. Ecclesiastical Institutions. — St. John's Theological Seminary, Lewis Ave. and Hart St., J. A. Hartnett, C. M. REAL ESTATE. New Utrecht Properties. William P. Rae Company BROKERS MANAGERS REFER TO MAP LOCATING OUR SUBURBS: 57th to 60th Streets. 8th Avenue, to 22d Avenue, 9th Avenue to 13th Avenue, 37th to 40th Streets. iviapleton,]: Martense, Norton's Point,ll /AV. Reliable Messenger, Fire and NIGHT POLICE PATROL Service Day and Night- Residences, Stores, Factories, etc., connected >vith our Improved BURGLAR ALARM SYSTEM at Reasonable Rates. Also TEM- PORARY ALARMS for SUMMER PROTECTION ONLY. NIGHT WATCH SIGNALS A SPECIALTY. EDWARD J. MERRIAM, PAPEBtPEALElO Is a both WHOLESALE .-. AND .'. RETAIL, He made the paper used in this book, and Makes to Order and has on hand all kinds, sizes, weights and colors of IT WILL BE WELL FOR YOU TO REMEMBER THIS. 23 Beekman Street, New York City, CHURCHES. l"?! Religious Communities. — House of the Fathers of the Congregation of the Mi.ssion, Lewis and Willoughby Aves., J. A. Hartnett, C. M. ; House of the Fathers of Mercy, Broadway and Hull St.; E. H. Porcile, S. P. M., Monastery of St. Francis of Assisi, 33 to 47 Butler St., Bro. Jerome; House of the Christian Brothers, Jay St., adjoining Rectory of St. James Pro- Cathedral, Bro. Castoris; Monastery of the Visitation, Clinton and Wi- ll mghby Aves., Mother M. Philomena Darphin; St. Francis of Assisium, Convent of Sisters of Mercy, Willoughby and Classon Aves., Mother Mary Stephen Salter; Convent of the Sisters of Charity, Congress St., near Court, Sister Marie Louise; Convent of the Sisters of Christian Charity, 1918 Ful- ton St., Sister Caroline; Mother House of the Sisters of St. Dominic, Mon- trose and Graham Aves., Mother M. Emily Barth; Convent of the Order of Our Laiy of Charity of the Good Shepherd, Pacific St. and Hopkinson Ave., Sister Mary Francis Xavier; Monastery of the Most Precious Blood, 212 Put- nam Ave., Mother Mary Gertrude; Novitiate of the Sisters of St. Dominic, Amityville, Suffolk Co., Sister M. Juliana Garch; Mother House of the Sisters of St. Joseph, Flushing, L. I. CEMETERIES. Description of the Great Burying Places in and about Brooklyn Incineration. Within the limits of Brooklyn or in the immediate vicinity are over thirty cemeteries, embracing an aggregate area of over 3,100 acres, or about five square miles. Up to the present date more than 1,750,000 interments have been made in these "God's acres." These cemeteries, however, must not be regarded as strictly Brooklyn institutions, bu*^^ as the bury- ing places of Brooklyn, New York, and the metropolitan disti'iet in gen- eral. From the prohibition in 1851 of burials south of Eighty-sixth street on Manhattan Island, the great increment in the number and extent of the Brooklyn cemeteries may be dated. Convenience of location, rural attract- iveness, beauty of surroundings, and the general character of the soil, very naturally led to the establishment of numerous cemeteries on the w^estern extremity of Long Island. Here are to be found burying places of almost every denomination, as well as many larger reservations, such as Green- wood, the Evergreens, Cypress Hills, etc., upon which no race or sectarian restrictions are imposed. Millions of dollars have been expended upon the topography and monuments of these great cities of the dead. They contain the finest specimens of sculpture in the country, and are second to none of the city parks as places of restful recreation and public resort. No stranger should sojourn in Brooklyn or its neighborhood without visiting Greenwood Cemetery, which is without a doubt the greatest necropolis of America, and the rival in beauty of scenery and works of art of the most noted cemeteries of the Old World. The following are the cemeteries in Brooklyn and vicinity. The ar- rangement is alphabetical. Ahawath Cheseds, a small Jewish cemetery, thirteen acres in extent, situated in East Williamsburgh, reached by the Long Island Railroad and North Second street surface cars, from Eastern District ferries. Bayside Cemetery is a non-sectarian burying-ground, located near Jamaica, Queens County. Area, twenty acres. Reached by the Long island Railroad to Woodhaven, and by the electric railroad from East New York. Calvary Cemetery, at Newtown, Queens County, is the principal Roman Catholic burying-ground of Brooklyn and the metropohtan district. Over a half million people are buried here. The cemetery was laid out in 184S, and was at first limited in extent. The grounds, with the recently annexed portion, cover an area of more than 300 acres, subdivided into sec- tions intersected by numerous avenues, roads and foot-walks. The older part of the cemetery occupies a very commanding position on the crest of CEMETERIES. 173 tho hill, which slopes gently away on all sides. The grounds have been very artistically laid out, the whole producing a pleasing rural effect. One of the chief points of interest is the Soldiers' Monument, erected in iS66 by the City of New York in commemoration of the Union Troops who fell during the Civil AVar. This monument is a granite shaft 45 feet high, sur- mounted by a life size figure in bronze typifying " patriotism." The suj^- porting figures, four in number, symbolize different branches of military service. The remains of Catholic soldiers, who died during the Rebellion, and for whose interment no provision was made elsewhere, are buried in the plot surrounding this monument. The cemeteiy is owned and man- aged by the Trustees of St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York. It is reached by the Grand street horse car line from all the Eastern District ferries, and by the Long Island Railroad from Long Island City. CiiEVRA B'Nai SitoLANU is a small Jewish burying-ground, situated on Morris avenue, Newtown. Opened for interments last year. Reached from Long Island City by the Long Island Railroad and the horse car lines. Cvi'KESs Hills Cemetery embraces about 400 acres, partly in Kings and partly in Queens County, near the North-eastern boundary of Brooklyn on Jamaica avenue. The cemetery was organized in 1S47. The site of the cemetery has a historic fame. During the battle of Long Island it was se- lected as a centre of strategic movements by General Woodhull, and was strongly fortified. Several British cannon balls have been found from time to time by the workmen in the cemetery. The grounds are somewhat ir- regular in shape, and are made up of hills, gently sloping valleys, and level stretches interspersed with small lakes, and shaded by large trees and artistically arranged shrubbery. From the observatory on Mt. Victory, the most elevated point of ground, may be had a splendid view of New York Bay, the Atlantic Ocean, the Highlands of New Jersej^, the Hudson and East Rivers, the Palisades and the cities of New York and Brooklyn. Numerous benevolent, ecclesiastical and humane societies own plots in the cemetery. The "Soldiers' Plot," known as the Soldiers' National Ceme- tery, is a reservation purchased by the United States Government, and, under the care of a special keeper, contains the graves of about 4,000 sol- diers, many of whom were veterans of the war of 1812. The American Dramatic Fund Association own a plot in which are to be found the tombs of Lysander Thompson, Chas. D. S. Howard, Geo. Sekeritt and other stars of the early American stage. The founder of the fund, Francis Courtney Weymiss, is buried in an adjoining lot. This great city of the dead abounds in elaborate and stately vaults and monuments, attractive, not merely on account of their chaste and artistic designs, but also for their historic associations. Among the notable monuments are the Press Club Monument, the Metropolitan Police IMonument, and the monument to Col. Jas. H. Perry, erected by members of the 48th Regiment, N. Y. Volunteers, in honor of their commander. The grounds are reached by Atlantic avenue Rapid Transit Railroad to Crescent street, by horse cars from Grand or Roosevelt street femes, by Jamaica and Brooklyn Electric Railway, by the Brooklyn Elevated Railroad, or by the horse cars from Broadway and Fulton street. The Evergreens, a rural cemetery chartered October 6th, 1S49, em- braces 300 acres and is situated in the eastern part of Kings, and on the con- tiguous western boundary of Queens county. Its main entrance is on Bush- wick avenue and Conway street, Brooklyn. It is at the focus of all the principal lines cR-BY PRESORTS. The Towns and Villages of Kings County— The Great Watering Places on the Eastern End of Long Island— Long Island City and its Manufacturing Interests. The growth of Brooklyn has been such within the past two decades as to warrant the presumption that before more than four or five years have elapsed the limits of the city will be co-extensive with the boundaries of Kings County. At present, however, besides Brooklyn, Kings County con- tains four towns, namely, Flatbush, Flatlands, New Utrecht and Gravesend, each with its independent local government and system of assessments, edu- cation, police, &c., &c., although all are alike under the general superin- tendence of the' county authorities. With a view to the annexation of these townships to the city proper in the near future, the surveys of the streets, avenues and great parkways have been made in harmony with the plan adopted in Brooklyn. When the union does actually occur no renaming or renumbering of the streets will be necessary, every thing that will tend to simplicity and convenience in this respect having been anticipated. The aggregate population of these townships is about 25,000. They occupy the district bounded by Brooklyn on the north. New York Harbor and the Narrows on the west, Gravesend Bay, the Atlantic Ocean and Jamaica Bay on the south, and Eastern Brooklyn and Jamaica Bay on the east. When these towns are incorporated with the city its area will be about doubled, and its advantages as a residential centre unparalleled among the great cities of the Union. Flatbush, contiguous to the eastern border of Brookljm, is a thriving and populous suburb, reached by the Flatbush avenue surface cars and con- nections from any part of the city. Here are located the County Alms Houses, the Insane Asylum and the great Public Hospitals. The town ispro- vided \vith extensive water and gas works, well paved and lighted streets, an efficient police force, and everything that can contribute to the develop- ment of the place and comfort of its inhabitants. Many of the principal thoroughfares are lighted by electricity, which is also used as motive power on some of the surface railroads in the vicinity. Lying as it does immedi- ately beyond Prospect Park and within easy reach of the business centres both of Brooklyn and New York and the sea shore, the township of Flatbush has been growmg steadily as a residential quarter, and a number of handsome and very attractive villa settlements have sprung up within its limits. The place was originally a little Dutch hamlet called Midwout (Middle Woods), founded in 165 1 by a few families from New Amsterdam. It was in that year the first charter was given by Gov. Petrus Stuyvesant, but actual settlement occurred about 17 years earlier. Many of the present residents of the HOTEL— CATERER AND CONFECTIONER. The Carleton, TELEPHONE ^ /^ CHAS. RICHTER. 60 WILLIAMSBURGH A JLf-flCS^^^^^^?-..^ PfoP- __,„^ _,,.. „ ^ .- _ , _, . . - ELEGANTLY FIRST-CLASS ,'''<''''' I,* ,,*..'* ' " ' ---l v.„.j,^ FURNISHED ROOMS RESTAURANT ,b ^ , "~^ ^^ _ for ATTACHED. """"^^ " 1 ; " " , ,^ " ii. ^A' ;^— ',l!:-<-2^" Gentlemen Only. Cor. South Eighth Street & Kent Ave., BROOKLYN, N. Y. J. A. DILLIARD, is still at the OLD STAND, No. 1207 BEDFORD AVENUE, CORNER HANCOCK STREET, Where he makes a Specialty of WEDDINGS, DINNERS and RECEPTION PARTIES. SILVER, GLASSWARE AND DISHES TO HIRE. Canopies, Dancing Crashes and Chairs furnished at Short Notice. Estimates Furnished. RESTAURANT and LADIES' DINING ROOM OPEN until 12 P. li/l WK. BJRP§=EYE LONG ISLAND, FLORIST— SH0F;5. Greenwood Cemetery Plots and Graves Improved and Cared. Contracts Made and Estimates Furnished for Etc., Etc. ALL KINDS GF J pioRAL .-. Designs For Funeral Purposes: Memorial Designs. Immortelles. Boquets & Cut Flowers always ready at any of my establishmenta. Green Houses, 291 to 313 24th St., 4th Ave. & 36th St., and Franklin Avenue, opposite Eastern Cennetery Entrance. J. Condon, Office 734 and 736 Fifth Avenue, TELEPHONE, 27 SOUTH. ^Tli^ Brooklyn. SHOES 3SJ:.^X)EI to CDJEtlDl^'lEl. CHAS. L. JUNG, (Successor to J no. R. Wilds), MANUFACTURER OF Ladies' and Gents' Fine Slioes, PERFECT FIT GUARANTEED. Call and Leave Your Order at TO BROAID'HrAY, N. B. Stock AlAvays on Hand. Ready-Made* SUBURBS AID NEAR-BY RESORTS. 183 locality are the direct descendants of the first settlers. Some quaint old houses seem to remind the visitor of the past history of the place. Recently an excellent club called the Midwood has been organized and is doing much to centralize and develop the social life of Flatbush and its vicinity, (see Clubs, Brooklyn.) Other social clubs are the Alpine and Acme. The Knickerbocker Field Club has its home in Flatbush. In and about the town proper are many very fine residences suiTounded by beautiful lawns artisti- cally set with ornamental trees and flowering shrubs. The chief executive officer of the local government is the Supervisor, tinder whose jurisdiction are the various departmentalboards, namely, police, excise, fire, health, assessors, street and highways, and improvement. The pres- ent aggregate value of real estate and personal property in Flatbush is be- tween $10,000,000 and $11,000,000. The population in 1892 was 12,625. Flatlands. — The stretch of land lying between Flatbush and the west- ern shore of Jamaica Bay and embracing a number of the low, grass-covered sandy islands in which the latter abounds, is called Flatlan ds. This district was first settled about the year 1636 by a few Dutch families from New Amster- dam, who purchased lands for agricultural purposes from the Indians. The original name of the place was Amersfoort. Of all the Kings County towns it is the least impi-ovcd, owing chiefly to its remoteness from the business centres of the two great cities. Now that the elevated railroads of Brook- lyn and the other local and suburban rapid transit lines have to a great de- gree annihilated distances, a new era has set in and Flatlands bids fair to become'avery populous residential district. The settlement is as yet rather scattered. Farming and market gardening are extensively carried on. A number of residential centres are springing up, the chief of them being Canarsie, on the shore of Jamaica Bay, and reached by the railroad from Manhattan crossing in East New York. The government of the township is similar to that of Flatbush in its organizations, and embraces boards of health, excise, streets and highways, assessors and police. The chief athletic, sporting and social clubs are the Excelsior, Beneficial Gun Club, Amersfoort Athletic Club, Union Gun Club and Canarsie Turtle Club. The population in 1892 was 4,234. The real and personal property of the town- ship is valued at about one and three quarters million dollars. Nkw Utrecht. — Of all the Kings County towns New Utrecht is the most attractive with respect to location and the variety of scenery it affords. It extends from the southern boundary' of Brooklyn at 65th street along The Narrows and the shore of Gravesend Bay to the town of Gravesend, which wth Flatbush forms its eastern boundary. Its governm.ent is similar in character to that of Flatbush already described and its permanent popula- tion is abotit seven thousand. Formerly the majority of its people were en- gaged in gardening, but it looks now as if all the farms were being cut up into streets and planted with the homes of the prosperous middle classes. In laying out streets the city plan of Brooklyn is followed, and the streets named and numbered accordingly. The extension of the harbor will eventually sur- round New Utrecht with'a line of docks and piers and drive the clubs and summer residences away. • Meantime these are in great demand owing to the ease with which their members and owmers can travel backwards and fonvards to their places of business in Brooklyn and New York. The first village next to Brooklyn on the water side is Bay Ridge, which is con- nected by ferry with New York and by street cars with Brooklyn. There are many handsome residences in this section, especially along the road which overlooks the upper bay. On the shore are the club houses and 184 CITIZEN GUIDE. grounds of numerous athletic clubs, including the Atlantic Yacht Club, Varuna Boat Club, Nautilus Boat Club and Crescent Athletic Club. Eighty-second street divides Bay Ridge from Fort Hamilton, named after the fort located on the Long Island side of the Narrows. Important works are in progress at this fort which will make it a real instead of an ob- solete defence of the harbor. Just off Fort Hamilton is the dismantled circular fortress called Fort Lafayette, used now principally for the storage of explosives. The trials of the Zabriskie gun were made at this fort. The village of Fort Hamilton contains a number of hotels and boarding houses. It did have a very large hotel which was one of the sights of the harbor a few months ago, when it was burned down. This hoteloccupied a commanding site on the bluff, and at night was made conspicuous by rows of colored lights hung about its verandas. Fort Hamilton is quite an ex- cursion resort and has _the usual razzle-dazzle features, toboggan slides, dancing pavilions, etc. Fronting on Gravesend Bay the next village to Fort Hamilton is Bath Beach, which is always crowded in the season. It has a great many hotels, some elegant homes and numerous Queen Anne cottages. The club house of the popular Marine and Field Club is located here. Bath Beach, like all other places on Gravesend Bay, has good still-water bathing and sufficient facilities for boating and canoeing. It is not an expensive place to Summer in and consequently not particularly exclusive. Bensonhurst, farther up the Bay, is more desirable to live in, as all the lots are sold under restrictions and there is only one hotel in the village. All these little towns are well drained and supplied with water, and have abundant transportation facilities by steam and electric cars. Beyond Ben- sonhurst is Unionville. Besides the Marine and Field Club already men- tioned, the houses of the Bensonhurst Club, New Utrecht Club, and Brook- lyn Yacht Club are found along the shore. Inland there are many charming hamlets, which, however, are rather groups of permanent homes than summer resorts. Among the best known of these are West Brooklyn, Blytheboume, LefEerts Park, Martense and Mapleton. The village of New Utrecht proper was originally a cluster of farm houses and country stores, but recently a number of quite handsome residences have been built there. There is also a car building plant at this point. Martense, a new villa site, is located just to the south of Prospect Park, and will doubtless soon be among the prettiest surburban residential centres. Martense is within a mile of 39th street ferry, from which it may be easily reached by the electric cars, or by the Brooklyn, Bath and West End R. R. From Brooklyn Bridge and Brooklyn proper the quickest means of access is by the Fifth avenue elevated R. R. and its connections at Union Depot with the Prospect Park and Coney Island R. R. Mapleton, a beautiful suburb, is situated in the heart of New Utrecht bordering Blytheboume, Bath Beach Junction, Ardmore and the great Ocean Parkway. It is easily reached by the N. Y. and Sea Beach R. R. from 65th street ferry, the Brooklyn, Bath and West End R. R. and the Prospect Park and Coney Island R. R., connecting with the Fifth avenue Elevated R. R. at 36th street (Union Depot.) The convenience of location and pleasant surroundings of the place will make Mapleton one of the most attractive villa centres of this part of the island. Gravesend has a population of 8,418. Its boundaries include all of Kings County not already mentioned, viz: Coney Island and the triangular SUBURBS AND NEAR-BY RESORTS. 185 l^icce of territory north of the Island between New Utrecht and Flatlands. Its principal villages are Gravescnd, Sheepshead Bay, Yv^est Brighton, Brighton Beach and Manhattan Beach. Gravesend is inland and is chiefly noteworthy because of its race track where the great Brooklyn Handicap is run every Spring by the Brooklyn Jockey Club. Co.NKY Island has been written up so often that the supply of appropriate adjectives has run out. There is nothing just like it anywhere in the world, though the more rackety sections of it have been duplicated. What the imitators of Coney Island have failed to recognize is that this little strip of sand has advantages of situation that no other piece of coast can hope to have — that the people who go there constitute much of its charm, perhaps all of it, and that without the hundreds of thousands of excursionists always there in the season Coney Island might perhaps be dull. It is like the Boulevards of Paris, whose habitues, when away, are always homesick for their stretches of pavement. They can find similar expanses of asphalt elsewhere, but nowhere else the same atmosphere. Returning to their beloved streets the Boulevardiers feel revivified. Life seems to be so much fuller of enjoyment, their senses keener to pleasure. So with Coney Island. Long mental association of its name with memories of pleasure there enjoyed makes it impossible for the habitue to feel sad, or gloomy or depressed there. Thousands of gay people make a gay atmos- phere. The air is surcharged with happiness as with electricity sometimes before a storm. First visitors quickly feel this influence and lose the desire to be critical in their determination to be pleased with everything. That is why Coney Island is different from other day resorts. The people who go there feel like the children at a circus. Then, of course, a few people could not create such an atmosphere. Coney Island draws its crowds from New York, Brooklyn, Long Island City, Jersey City, Hoboken, Newark, in fact, all the cities and towns constituting the metropolitan district, wherein more than four million people reside. All these people can go to Coney Island and return for less than a dollar, and the cost to the great majority is only a quarter. The journey consumes from twenty minutes to two hours each way. For most people the time spent on each trip IS about half an hour. Steam cars, steamboats, electric cars and carriages are the conveyances. Of course. Coney Island has other advantages than proximity to the great hive of America. It has the finest beach on the coast, a gradually shelving slope of pure white sand up which the surf rolls and breaks and falls gently m summer time as a rule, but occasionally with dreadful power. In winter ravages are made, to repair which great sums must be spent each Spring. The beach is always kept in perfect condition and everything else is done to facilitate enjoyment. Coney Island is substantially a part of Long Island, from which it is separated by Gravesend and Jamaica Bays and a narrow creek joining the two bays. The Atlantic shore alone is made attractive, and for only little more than half its length of five miles. In that short distance, however, are distinctive resorts for the comparatively poor, the well-to-do and the rich, all differently named. Norton's Point is the name of the eastern end of the Island. Here the steamboats land when the Atlantic is too boisterous for their safety. There is a lighthouse here and under its lee many small craft take shelter when the weather outside is rough. The land here is being improved and laid out in villa plots for summer residences, for which purpose it is eminently 186 CITIZEN GUIDE. well fitted. A stretch of ttnimproved property intervenes and then comes the noisy part of Coney Island, West Brighton, the fakir and frankfurter quarter. Admission to the attractions here is cheap and a good deal is given for the money in the way of glare and blare. All the little gambling schemes known to visitors to county fairs are in operation here. Strange monsters unknown to natural- ists are to be seen in the museums. The jokes at the concert halls are de- cidedly broad and the songs full of suggestive innuendo. But there are in- nocent funmakers too — merry-go-rounds, swings, toboggans, razzle-dazzles, a camera obscura, an observatory 300 feet high, and a gigantic elephant, whose inner works are quite marvelous in their way and may be explored at trifling expense. It is so long since that elephant was built that people have forgotten that it might have given rise to an expression everybody uses at some time — "seeing the elephant." "To see the elephant" and "to paint the town" both indicate the stage of hilarity that many visitors to West Brighton reach. But there is no rampant rowdyism, as this, like all other frequented parts of the island, is well policed. Here is the long iron tubular pier 1,300 feet long, at the end of which, away out beyond the influence of the surf, the steamboats land. This pier fascinates visitors, it is so novel and strange, requiring explanation before its seemingly unnecessary length can be under- stood. Soon the bathers catch the eye. On a fine holiday afternoon the beach is often black with them. Then come the endless strings of bath- houses, more sand, then an emerald strip of lawn bedecked with bright- hued flowers, on the other side of which is the boulevard or principal thorough- fare of the Island. There are two big hotels here, the West Brighton and Sea Beach, also numerous restaurants, from the open air booths where boiled fr&nkfurter sausages constitute the staple fare, up to somewhat pi^etentious affairs where more or less well cooked fish dinners may be had. Prices are comparatively low, for West Brighton is the resort of the masses. The classes affect other parts of the island. People who take their pleasmres quietly and do not care to pay too heavily for them, go to Brighton Beach, at the centre of the island. It has numerous inde- pendent means of approach, but is also joined to West Brighton by an ele- vated railway. Brighton is not free from the fakir tribe, but they are less blatant than those who infest the western resort and do not persecute visitors. Back of the beach is Brighton race track, where there are very good races every Summer. The bathing houses are very good here, and there are plank and tile walks along the beach. The main attractions, apart from the facilities for bathing and promenading, are the Brighton Beach Hotel, a large structure over 500 feet long with aspacious veranda running round three sides of it, and the amphitheatre where daily concerts are given by famous orchestras. It is this hotel that was moved bodily a con- siderable distance inland some years ago when the sea threatened to under- mine it. The restaurant service at this hotel is good and is patronized by many hundreds daily. Exclusiveness can only be obtained at Coney Island by charging prices that the mob cannot pay. Going west, prices go up steadily. At Manhattan Beach the highest scale is reached. Here none but well dressed people are seen, and the best of order prevails. There are two hotels which enjoy a world wide fame for the excellence of their tables. Their fare is not surpassed in New York and is not elsewhere in America equalled. The Manhattan Beach Hotel is one of the largest in the world. It is given up to transient business almost entirely and does in addition an exception- SUBURBS AND NEAR-BY RESORTS. 187 ally large restaurant business. As many as two thousand people can find seats at one time in its dining room and at the tables upon its bro ad piazzas. The Oriental Hotel is not quite so large as the other and is more pretentious in its architecture. It seeks the patronage of people who intend to pass several weeks at the beach, and excludes mere diners, except those who come invited by guests of the hotel. Manhattan Beach is connected with Brighton Beach by a railway. It is also reached directly by the Long Island Railroad. Besides its epicurean delights the beach is famous for its great musical amphitheatre and its grand pyrotechnic displays. Gilmore's band has played through the season there for years, giving two concerts daily at which many famous musicians have been heard. In addition there are, of course, the bathing and the promenading, the fresh breezes and the surf which constitute the basic attractions of the whole island. Brooklyn, Bath aud West End Railroad. Quite the quickest, safest, most convenient, in some respects the most agreeable way of getting to Coney Island is to take the Brooklyn, Bath and West End Railroad. Trains on this road leave half hourly between 6.30 A. M. and 11.40 P. M., from the spacious and handsome depot at Fifth avenue and Thirty-sixth street, also from, the other large station at Second avenue and Thirty-ninth street. The former is also the terminus of the Fifth avenue line of the Union Elevated Railroad and the latter of the South Brooklyn Ferry which leaves New York from the foot of Whitehall street. On Wednesday and Saturday nights theatre trains are run over the line, leaving the Thirty-sixth street depot at 12.15. Practically, this road is both an excursion line and a suburban road. Hence the comprehensive- ness of the train schedule. Trains leave Unionville every half hour from 5.35 A. M. to II P. M. and Coney Island every half hour from 7 A. M. to 11 P. M. Few suburban towns have so good a train service as those along this line, viz: West Brooklyn, Lefferts' Park, Blythebourne, New Utrecht, Bath Beach, Bensonhurst, and Unionville. As an excursion line this road is also to be highly commended both for safety, comfort and speed. The entire trip from Brooklyn to Coney Island is made in twenty-five minutes. Tickets maybe piirchased at any elevated railway station in New York or Brooklyn, except those on the line of the Kings County, and cost but 25 cents for the round trip from Brooklyn and 35 cents from New York. Open cars are run during fair weather in Summer, and closed cars dur- ing Winter and stormy weather. The road bed is always kept in perfect condition, and is so systematically and watchfully run that serious accidents never occur. Whenever the crowds are unusually large, special trains are put on, so that the accommodations are always ample. The route is through one of the prettiest parts of Long Island, so that it is a delight to travel over this road. Commutation arrangements are very liberal. Between the Union Depot or the ferry and Unionville or any intermediate station a 300 trip ticket may be purchased for $15. Fifty tickets between Brooklyn and the I^rooklyn Yacht Club's Station cost $4.00; Fifty trips between Brooklyn and Bensonhurst cost $3. 75, and fifty trips between Brooklyn and Lefferts' Park cost $2. 50. The road has recently been equipped with new locomotives and a num- ber of handsomely appointed cars, so that its rolling stock is now equal to the road bed. The road is seven miles long, double tracked throughout. 188 CITIZEN GUIDE. ballasted with stone, and furnished with steel rails. The Coney Island sta- tion is situated in the very heart of that great pleasure resort and all the terminals are capable of accommodating comfortably crowds of any propor- tion. Sea Beach Route to Coney Island. "Time will tell," says an ancient saw, and in a double sense this is true of the popular route to the sea. Its running time of twelve minutes from Third avenue and Sixty-fifth street to Coney Island has held it for years in the position of favorite as against the roads which so freely advertise them- selves as the "quickest" but dare not mention their schedule time. At Sixty-fifth street the New York & Sea Beach Railroad makes close connection with the Brooklyn & Union Elevated Railroad, carrying pas- sengers from all parts of Brooklyn for a smgle fare, and also with the Brooklyn City Electric lines which bring passengers directly and quickly from the bridge and aU the East River ferries.' During Winter trains run hourly, but in Summer they never run at greater intervals than half hourly, and on Sundays, holidays and when business requires it, at intervals of fifteen minutes. The fare is the lowest charged by any road (ten cents each way) while the accommodations are of the best. Passengers are landed in the midst of West Brighton, in the com- modious depot known as the Sea Beach Palace, fronting directly on Surf avenue. In the main hall of this building (360 by 150 feet) a continuous entertainment of great interest is conducted, which is free to passengers, and is patronized by thousands of women and children daily. All the at- tractions of West Brighton centre at this point. Directly adjoining the Sea Beach Palace in the rear is James Pain & Son's mammoth fireworks enclosure, in which, from June to September, is given, nightly, the greatest display of fireworks in the world. Passengers by the Sea Beach Railroad, by exclusive contracts, are admitted to the fireworks display and reserved seats at a reduction of twenty per cent, from the regular prices. During eight years, under the present management, not a single pas- senger has lost life or limb on this road. The circumstance is mentioned as a fact unique in the history of excursion railroads. During the same period no scheduled train has been omitted, and no passenger train has left the tracks or met with collision. Although millions of people have been transported, and frequently as many as thirty thousand in a single day, the train service has never been overtaxed, and the convenience of the public has been regarded as the par- amount consideration. From New York also this route is the quickest, making with regularity its schedule time of 37 minutes from Whitehall street (terminus of all the Elevated railroads) to Coney Island. During the hot Summer months great numbers of Brooklyn residents, whose places of business are in New York, take advantage of its facilities in meeting their families at Coney Island for bathjng, dinner and fireworks, returning in the evening to their homes in Brooklyn. Sheepshead Bay is the name of a little bay which separates the east end of Coney Island from Long Island, also of a little villa and Summer boarding house settlement, and of the famous racetrack of the Coney Island Jockey Club, where some of the greatest events of the year are decided, in- cluding the Suburban and the Futurity. There are two race meetings each season here, one in June and one in September. SUBURBS AND NEAR-BY RESORTS. 189 The great sand bar of which Coney Island is the western extremity protects the entire south coast of Long Island, though the sea has broken through in many places, turning portions of this gigantic sand spit into islands. Still other portions ai'e connected with the mainland. Such a peninsula is Rock AW AY Beach, which shelters the waters of Jamaica Bay. Once this strip of sand was the most fashionable and exclusive coast resort in the country. Before Long Branch, Newport and Cape May this beach was the vogue. Presidents summered there, and the greater men who couldn't be presidents, while all distinguished strangers were taken there much as they are now guided to Newport. With easy and cheap means of communication established exclusiveness disappeared and the wealthy sought it elsewhere. To-day Rockaway Beach is about the cheapest of all the seaside excursion places' and one of the most extensively frequented. It has an advantage over Coney Island, in that it affords still water as well as surf bathing. People who do not relish the buffets of the Atlantic are well pleased to dis- port themselves in the placid waters of Jamaica Bay. The largest excur- sion boats in the world ply between New York and Rockaway Beach, land- ing at long piers on the baj^ or ocean sides. It is also reached by rail and by steam ferries from the Brooklyn side of Jamaica Bay. Rockaway has none of the expensive attractions of Coney Island. It hasn't any big hotel or amphitheatre or pjTotechnics. But it has any quantity of bathing houses, bowling alleys, dance halls, billiard rooms and lish dinner places. Beyond Rockaway Beach a few miles is Arvernk-uy-the-Sea, one of the prettiest of the new resorts. It is an exclusive little village, all the villa plots being sold under restrictions and only one hotel being allowed. It has no particular attraction for visitors unless they are looking for a place whereon to build a quiet Summer home. Ocean Park and Wave Crest are similar viUa settlements. At the eastern extremity of the Rockaway peninsula is Far Rockaway, which is not so much a place of excursion as a Summer resort. There are several fairly good hotels here and swarms of boarding houses. Excellent driving roads lead in all directions, and there is safe boating on Far Rockaway Bay, also bathing, and in the season some shoot- ing. It was on this point that the famous Marine Hotel stood, where the people who made the beach fashionable used to stay between forty and lifty years ago. Its destruction by fire was fatal to the social supremacy of this resort. Jumping the break in the great sand bar caused by the inlet to Hempstead Bay, we come to Long Beach, one of the most charming seaside retreats along the whole coast. It has a very fine hotel, with cottages annexed for those who prefer greater privacy. The beach here is so hard that driving and walking along its edge involve no more fatigue than if it were paved. A marine railway connects Long Beach with Point Lookout at the eastern end of the Island, where there are more cottages and another hotel. Lonj? Island City. Long Island City came into existence in 1S70 when the State Legisla- ture incorporated under this name the six villages of Astoria, Ravenswood, Hunter's Point, Dutch Kills, Bowery Bay, and Blissville. Its area is about twelve square miles, and it is situated opposite New Yoi'k and on the other side of New^town Creek from the eastern district of Brooklyn. At the time of incorporation the population of the city was about 15,000, while now it 190 CITIZEN GUIDE. has grown to close upon 40,000. It is above all things a manufacturing centre, though portions of it are given up exclusively to residences, many of which are of very sumptuous character, and are occupied either as per- manent homes or summer retreats by some of New York's best known busi- ness men. The value of real estate in the city is placed at about sixteen million dollars, which is a very low estimate. Some of the largest factory plants of their kind in the world are located here. Among these are the mammoth piano factories of Steinway and Sons, the rope walks of the John Good Cordage and Machine Company, and the works now in process of erection for the East River Gas Company. Long Island City is also the principal terminus of the Long Island Railroad. It has plenty of water frontage, is in constant communication with New York and Brooklyn by ferry and street car lines, and has all the modern municipal improvements. There is no better location for factories any- where in the neighborhood of New York, nor on the other hand are there any more attractive suburbs than those parts of Long Island City into which factories have not intruded because of their remoteness from the docks and railway. These districts are readily accessible from New York and Brooklyn, however, and yet have all the exclusiveness necessary to quiet home life. The city is abundantly supplied with water from driven weUs, one at Hunter's Point and one at Steinway. Long Island City has handsome public buildmgs including the Queens County Court House and Jail, the eight public schools and a number of churches. There are in all nineteen churches, owned by the Baptist, Metho- dist Episcopal, Presbyterian, Protestant Episcopal, Reformed and Roman Catholic denominations. The city is spending a great deal of money in im- proving the streets and some very handsome thoroughfares are the result. All the principal streets are sewered, guttered, paved and well lighted. There are over fifty miles of sewers. The finest streets are Jackson and Vernon avenues and the Boulevard. At the junction of the two former is a handsome square. Monitor square. The policy of improvement is being vigorously pushed by the New Mayor, Mr. Horatio S. Sanford. There are two police stations, also two fire stations. Much is also being done for the improvement of the city by a number of persons and companies owning real estate. Chief of these is the firm of Steinway and Sons, whose property in Astoria is almost a town by itself. They originally planned to build a model town for the benefit of the em- ployees of their great piano works. Close upon a thousand model dwell- ings have been erected, besides a number of handsome villa residences, and these have been sold or are for sale at very moderate prices and on easy terms. All the streets in Steinway are well graded, curbed, guttered, sewer- ed, planted with shade trees and lighted by gas. Every house has an abundant supply of pure water. The Steinway Railway Company operates a double track electric street car line from the Astoria Ferry which runs to East Ninety-second street, New York, and connecting with the horse car lines to the Thirty-fourth street and James Slip ferries at Hunter's Point. The projected bridge across Blackwell's Island from the foot of Sixty-fourth street. New York, will have its eastern terminus near Steinway. The ofiice of Steinway and Sons is at 107 East Fourteenth street, New York. Other strong factors in the improvements of Long Island City are the Ravenswood Improvement Company, 21 Borden avenue, and the As- toria Homestead Company, 931 Steinway avenue. SUBURBS AND NEAR-BY RESORTS. 191 There are two systems of street railway operated by the Stein way Rail- way Company, w^hose office is on the corner of Steinway and Winthrop avenues, and the Long Island City and Newtown Railway Company, whose office is at 112 Front street. The former companj^ operates four lines: The Flushing avenue line from Astoria Ferry through Fulton and Main streets to Flushing and Steinway avenues to Steinway and on to North Beach; the Ravenswood line from Hunter's Point Ferry through Vernon avenue to As- toria Ferry; the Steinway and Jackson avenue line from Hunter's Point Ferry through Jackson avenue to Sunnyside, then on Steinway avenue to Steinway, and North Beach; and the Dutch Kills line from Hunter's Point Ferry, along Jackson avenue, branching off at Jane street to Main street and the Astoria Ferry. The other company is controlled by Mr. P. J. Glea- son, who was Mayor of Long Island City for six years. This also is an elec- tric road. Its route begins at Thirty-fourth Street Ferry and follows Borden avenue through Blissville across Greenpoint avenue to Laurel Hill, across the Shell Road through Berlin Village, across Merse (?) avenue to Grand street, Maspeth, and across Grand street to Mount Olivet Cemetery, and thence in a straight line to the Lutheran Cemetery. It connects with cars for the Grand, Houston, Roosevelt, Tenth and Twenty-third street ferries to New York from Brooklyn. Tliere are two banks in the city, one a State bank and the other a sav- ings institution. The Queens County Bank, as the former is called, has a capital of $100,000 and a surplus and undivided profits aggregating $85,000. Its building is on the corner of Borden and Front streets. It has a very distinguished board of directors, including such men as WiUiam Steinway, H. B. Hollins, Jas. T. Woodward, Wm. F. Havemeyer, E. Lehman, E. Caiman and Jos. A. Auerbach. One of this city's enterprises which bids fair to play a great part is the East River Gas Company, which expects to supply the whole metropolitan district with gas. Its works are between Webster avenue and the East River. The present capacity of its gasometers is 300,000 feet, but when the works now under way are completed they will have twenty times this capacity. This company is tunnelling the East River so as to be able to supply New York city. The tunnel is 135 feet under the water at the Long Island side and 150 feet below at the New York side. It runs most of the way through solid rock and will be completed in Jiily, 1893. The New York office of this company is at 40 Wall street, and the officers are Emerson McMillin, President^ and Richard N. Young, Secretary and Treasurer. The Long Island City Electric Illuminating Company, whose office is at 112 Front street, supplies many of the principal streets with light, and many factories, stores and residences besides, providing both arc and incan- descent lights, also motive power. It was founded in 1S91, has a capital of 850,000, and is proving a very successful enterprise. Edward M. Tyrrell is President, and Philip J. Coffey, Secretary. Among the numerous large industrial plants located within t±ie bounds of the city the most celebrated are the piano works of Steinway & Sons, whose headquarters are in New York; the Daimler Company, whose office is at iii East Fourteenth street, New York, makers of the famous Daimler gas mo- tors; the John Good Cordage and Machine Company, office Morris Building, New York; the Oakes Manufacturing Company, whose offices are in New York, Boston and Philadelphia, makers of extracts of dye-woods, dye liquors, chemicals, and dye stuffs; and the Sohmer Piano Company, whose warerooms and offices are at 149 East Fourteenth street, New York. Other 192 CITIZEN GUIDE. important business houses are: Edward Smith & Co., varnishes, works here, and office in the Times Building, New York; Mayer & Lowenstein, 164 Water street. New York, varnishes and Japans; Ward S. Reeves, Boule- vard and CameUa street, lumber; the Astoria Veneer Mills, office 120 East Thirteenth street. New York; L. Hanson, Broadway and Sherman street, dressed timber; H. F. Quinn & Sons, 22 East Fifth street, carpenters and contractors; S. E. Bronson, -52, 54, 56 West avenue, sash and door makers; Smith, Carpenter & Co, Greenpoint avenue and Newtown Creek, lumber; the Sims Lumber Company, Flushing street. North Carolina lumber; A. A. Petry & Co., Seventh street and Jackson avenue, workers in tin, copper and sheet iron; Hagan & Daly, foot of Seventh street, boiler manufac- turers; the Simonds Manufacturing Company, office at 50 Cliff street. New York, furnaces, ranges, etc. ; G. L. Steubner & Company, 168 East Third street, self dumping steel and iron hoisting tubs, etc.; Julius Hunerbein, 21 Borden avenue, architect; G. E. Clay, 5 Jackson avenue, real estate and insurance; George E. Payne, 75 Jackson avenue, real estate and in- surance; Leonard C. L. Smith, 77 Jackson avenue, civil engineer; Emil Sauermilch, 433 Steinway avenue, real estate and insurance, Rudolph Horak 256 Steinway avenue, real estate and insurance; George H. Paynter, 83 Borden avenue, real estate and insurance; Clonin & Messenger, Boule- vard and Camelia street, coal and wood; Henry Menken, foot of Main street, coal and wood; John J. Peters, 39 Borden avenue, manufacturer of sheep fertilizer and florist, green houses at Dutch Kills; Beyer & Morgan, elevators, foot of East avenue; B. Moore, Jr., corner Main and Remsen streets, baker and caterer; and Wm. K. Moore's Astoria and Long Island City Express, 188 Main street. The most important building contractors are H. F. Quinn & Son, whose business was established in 1870. They built the First and Third Ward schools. David Ingram, manufacturer and dyer of cotton yarns for manufacturers' use, has his dye works and spool- ing mill here. His ofl&ce is at 96 Spring street, New York. LONG ISLAND. Its Towns, Villages and Summer Resorts — Its Bays and Islands — Land and Water Sports. The Long Island railroad traveler has no need of an observation car. From the windows of his coach only the most prosaic and unattractive part of the Nassau Island of Indian days passes before his eyes. His progress is through unrelieved farming country with no marked characteristics, or else through miles of the region of scrub oaks and pines. Hardly ever is there a hint of the delightful little bays, landlocked harbors, glistening beaches and picturesque sand dunes that lie just beyond his range of vision. It has grown into a phrase of the day — this flatness of Long Island. Like many another saying, it was not made "from the card." He who originated it could never once have left his train. The traveler, even, landed on any station platform you please, sees little else around him but flatness. But let him jump into a trap and take up the reins. If he is on the north shore it will be but a few moments before he is transported into a diflerent world, a land of rolling country, of valleys and deep depressions, of little hills and constant surprises in the wavering shore line. On the south shore the land slopes gently down from the " backbone of Long Island" (a ridge of hills through the island's centre, from Brooklyn to the shores of Peconic Bay) to the ocean's beach. From Hempstead to the Hamptons the wonderful Great vSouth Bay makes an aquatic plaj:ground for the summer resident. Here is the stillest of water gleaming and lapping the shores. On the naiTow strip of land at its outer edge, Fire Island or Great South Beach, you find old ocean at her best. From the Hamptons to Montauk the land's character changes completely. The ocean comes up to the cottagers' very doors, and tha sand dunes raise themselves. But the view from the railroad shows nothing of these beauties. The iron rails take the shortest distance between two points. The railroad builders followed the lead of the makers of Long Island turnpikes. They kept along the line of the "middle country road" to Greenport, the "south country road" to Sag Harbor, connecting the two at Manor, a junction in scrub oak land. Fn^m the north shore they built three separate spurs, the Flushing Branch, or the North Side, direct from Long Island City; the Oy- ster Bay, leaving the main line at Mineola; and the Port Jefferson, heading directly "nor'nor'east" from Ilicksville. It is interesting to note and compare the Long Island road of to-day, absolutely without competition, ^\^th the time of a quarter of a century ago when all these branches mentioned were separate and independent lines. The State Engineer's report, as late as 1S74, gives Long Island eight differ- ent roads. Only one of these, A. T. Stewart's Central, from Flushing to 194 CITIZEN GUIDE. Garden City, has fallen into disuse. The others, one by one, have been ab- sorbed into the L. I. R. R. According to the tracks so has the island blocked itself out into sec- tions. At Jamaica is the focal centre. Theory "Jamaica, Change cars!" is a familiar one to the Long Island sojourner. Five miles to the" north is Flushing and her quota of tiny suburbs. Ten miles to the south is the Rockaway region. On the southern hne of rails stretches the east south side, the south side proper, the "ogues" and the Hamptons. All through this region the chief industries, outside of half a dozen thriving little towns, are boating, fishing, oystering and Summer boarders. Just south of the "backbone range" of hills in the centre of the Island is a superb farming district, from Garden City to Farmingdale. At Farmingdale the land of pines commences, and lasts, with hardly one interruption, nearly to the shores of Peconic Bay. South of the central range of hills the soil is sandy, north it is mainly loam, though almost on the Sound's shores great sand tracts are to be met with. The north shore towns have a picturesque- ness that is all their own. They are bustling to an extent, and nearly every important one has some profitable manuifacturing interest. Sailing is as popular here as along the shores of the Great South Bay. The north shore is more of a region of homes, permanent residents and old families. It has a county and town society that is all its own, well defined social in- terests, and clubs. The Summer months swell its population materially, but it is not inundated with visitors as is the south side. It boasts of no gi-eat Summer hotels; its life is that of the village alone. _ The south side does not lack these features, but they are not so evident as in the days of summering. The land of cottages and hotels for Long Island is from Rockville Centre to Sag Harbor. "Sportsman's Land" is the island's centre, the Great South Bay and Shinnecock. The fisherman meets with success all along the coast, both north and south. Jamaica, the Gateway. Jamaica is the gateway to the Long Island towns. Through her must the entrance be sought both to Sound and Sea. Train after train rolls up from New York or Brooklyn, transfers its passengers, makes up, and rolls on again, distributing to every point. From the station or car window there is little to see but a railroad yard and a few score buildings of dingy wood. A solitary church tower shows itself to the passer-by. As the train pulls away, it runs through a cut, or on deeply depressed tracks. "When the surface is again reached, there is little trace of the town left behind. Yet Jamaica town, though in a township small in extent compared with many of those in Queens and Suffolk counties, has an importance and dig- nity not generally understood. Her standing is commercial, legal and his- toric. Outside of being a railroad centre, Jamaica is the trading place of farmers for miles around. The town's main street is a continuation of Fulton street, Brooklyn. Fi'om the Manhattan Beach crossing in East New York to the Jamaica village line (five miles) it is known as the Ja- maica Plank Road. In the town it takes on the name of Fulton street again. An electric line from East New York runs through it to the easterly village line. Its tracks are built especially to the market wagon gauge, and each night sees a long procession of produce loads bound city- wards. Though so near to the gates of the " Greater Brooklyn," and recently- awakened to a sense of prosperity after a century of sleep, Jamaica is undeni- CHAS. S. LYNAN, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in North River and Pennsylvania Blue Stone, FLAGGING. SILLS, COPING, STEPS, ETC, Also Rubbed Sills, Mantels and Hearths. PLANED AND SAWED STONE AND TRIMMINGS FOR BUILDINGS, CONSTANTLY ON HAND. Office, cor. Clinton and Flushing Aves., Telephone, 618 Brooklyn. BROOKIjYN. H. JOHNSON, DEALER IN Furniture, U Stoves, Carpets, Oilcloths. ETC. 1 18 HAMILTON AVE., BROOKLYN, N, Y. p t- tu ^ E < vj5 3 C/2 P v^' — D O z O 1 J II. BIEDS-EYE VIEW ©J ONG ISLANDc CARPETS— PRINTERS— MINERAL WATERS. ai\petGieaningWori\s Store of F. & E. GREENEBAUM, STEAM PRINTERS, 13 Spruce Street, - - IVe^w York. HIGHEST RATES. POOREST WORK. ^CARBONATED WATERS.5^ American Monarch Ginger Ale, Belfast Ginger Ale, Lemon Soda, Extra Plain Soda, Sarsaparilla, Vichy, Kissengen, Seltzer, and Carbonic Waters. CHAMPAGNE, PIPIN AND RUSSET CIDER. Also, SODA FOUNTAINS, SYRUPS AND FRUIT EXTRACTS. GEORGE RUSSELL, 369 JAY ST., BROOKLYN. LONG ISLAND. 195 ably quaint. It is a curious hodge podge of a little city and an old country town. A mile west of the village line on the Plank Road is an old toll gate where payment is stiU in force. Within the village many of the old and historic landmarks are standing, intact and unmodernized. In a grove of trees, at the west end of Fulton street, is the ancient mansion of the famous King family. Here lived Rufus King, gentleman, statesman, essayist in collaboration with Alexander Hamilton, and farmer. In 1795 he was min- ister to England. As late as 1S04 he was back in his Jamaica home, farm- ing once more. His son. General John A. King, was Governor of New York in 1857. The descendants of the family still live in the old time house. It sits well back from the street, still in splendid repair, a testimony to the masterly carpentering of those days, a quaint, long and low white house with a double pitched roof. Up near the village's other end, but still on Fulton street, is the Fosdick homestead, a residence of the same type and belonging to the same era, Its most famous occupant was Judge Fosdick, deceased not so many years ago, a Long Island jurist of wide reputation. Fulton street is the old post road throughout the island's centre. The first of the great series of Long Island's hostelries of three quarters of a century ago is set at the corner of the street that leads up from the station. It is known as Pettit's Hotel, better years ago as "Jim Remsen's house," for this same Remsen stood behind its bar for fifty years. In his way he was a patroon of the west of Queens County. People speak of him nowadays as the "father of Rockaway Beach," for back long before the oldest inhabi- tant of to-day was born, "Jim" purchased it for a song while it was yet a waste of sand. Pettit's is not only historic and its building quaint, but it has the merit, besides, of capital accommodation and repast. In 1656 the town- ship of Jamaica was made. Its founders were a mixed colony of Quakers and Dutchmen, coming from Brooklyn on the one hand, Hempstead on the other. For nearly fifty years the Dutch dominated, until 1798 Jamaica was the county seat. Then a schism arose and after a bitter struggle the court house was placed at Mineola, only to be removed seventy-six years later to Long Island City. Jamaica, however, has always kept the county clerk and surrogate. A handsome brick building, commodious and convenient, has recently been erected for these officials. The Town HaU, a big building put up in 1869, serves the varied purposes of court room, opera house, dancing hall and jail. The old-time mansions and the little cemetery (ten rods square and quite as old as the town) stand for the village of the past. The Jamaica of the present is energetic and prosperous. The assessed valuation of the township is $7,000,000. The village proper boasts a popu- lation of over 5,000, two banks, water works, with the supply derived from driven wells, electric light and many social institutions. The Jamaica Club (asocial organization of great -prosperity) has just erected a house at the corner of Herriman avenue. There are nine churches, the Methodist dating back to iSoo (present edifice) and the Presbyterian congregation to 1663. The town is an active one socially ; its organizations include a tennis club of nearly forty members and a base ball nine. Its residential section is on the hill iinmediately north of Fulton street. On this a public park is now being laid out by the women of the town. Its boarding houses offer accomoda- tion for about 150 people. To Woodhaven on the west and to Mineola on the east, the region of Jamaica along the railroad line has blossomed like the rose these past ten years with the upbuilding of surburban towns. At Woodhaven, on the boundary line of the County of Kings, the railroad to Rockaway cuts across 196 CITIZEN GUIDE. the country on a trestle. Woodhaven is a little maniifactnring village, its industry being the making of "agate iron." The owner of the great fac- tory has an elaborate place with an artificial pond in full view from the car window, Richmond Hill, Morris Park and Dunton are rapidly grown- ing towns of recent founding, and marked by broad and fine avenues. Dunton has a field club of over 70 members. On the easterly outskirts of Jamaica is Hollis, another suburban village, the residence of F. W. Dunton (until recently chairman of the Queens County Supervisors), who has done more for good roads on Long Island than any other man. Hollis' chief points of interest are an ancient inn on the Hempstead and Jamaica Plank Road, and an Odd Fellows' Home, for indigent members of that fraternity, established last Fall. The soil here has a surface loam which lends itself to good roads. It was on the site of Hollis that General Na- thaniel WoodhuU was taken prisoner after the battle of Long Island. Just beyond is the old settlement of Queens (nearly 1,000 pop.) with a carriage manufactory, a tennis club, a lyceum hall and the grounds of the Queens County Athletic Club. A mile to the north is the noted rifle range of Creedmoor where international contests have been held. A spur of the railroad from Floral Park runs here, but it is best reached by the Queens stage. Floral Park has its chief distinction from being the situation of an immense nursery and seed house. It is also a railroad junction, has a good hotel accommodating sixty, very many cottages, and publishes a newspaper that circulates all over the island. East Hinsdale (or Hinsdale) and Hyde Park are tiny settlements on the outskirts of Hempstead Plain. /fbONG THE SOUTH SHOF^E. The Shooting, Fishing and Sailing along Great South Bay and the Atlantic— Summer Cottages and Merriment— The Clam Shell Road. A farming and grazing country, with the market gardening interests uppermost, stretches south from Jamaica to the ocean. The land slopes almost imperceptibly from the hills to the coast, its borderland, where sea touches shore, being dotted with handsome residences and made park-like with great tracts of lawn and roads of the finest macadam. Springfield, Foster's Meadow, Valley Stream, Fenhurst and Woodsburgh are tiny hamlets of a country store and a post ofifice each, all within the twenty-mile radius of Brooklyn and well supplied with ozone. Fenhurst is the romantic name given to once prosaic Hewlett's, called after an old Long Island family of farmers. Woodsburgh was named after the late Samuel Wood of Brooklyn, and was originally planned on a grand scale. Springfield has a boarding accommodation for about twenty, Fen- hurst fifteen and Woodsburgh several hundred. The latter place has also a good sized hotel. Ceuarhukst, the station after Woodsburgh on the Far Rockaway Branch, owes its name and fame to being the seat of the Rockaway Hunt, several years ago the Rockaway Steeple Chase. Of late the course and steeple chasing have been abandoned and the members devote themselves to pursuing the fox and to polo. The Hunt is housed in a very beautiful countr}' club mansion with a fine view of the sea and less than a mile frorn it. A superb polo ground is laid in front of the broad piazzas and there is an excellent tennis field. Within, the house's chief attraction is a great baronial hall with a gallery at one end, and opposite it a divanned window extending across its entire front. There are fifty hounds in the pack and 150 members on the rolls. Such hunters as Foxhall Keene, Albert La Mon- tague, Rene La Montague, Ricardo Franke, John A. Cheever and Louis Nelson are to be found at the meets. George C. Rand is president, and John K. Cowdin the master of the hounds. James R. Keene, the father of the famous Foxhall, has a splendid country mansion near by, at which he spends the greater part of the year. The Hunt's insignia is a fox's head crossed by two whips. A mile to the west, and with its finest portion half a mile from the sta- tion, is located Lawkknce, a place of Summer cottages. Though but a mile distant from Far Rockaway it has a beach of its own, once known as the Isle of Wight. From the village state in which it could have been found a dozen years ago it has evolved into a resort with many of the char- acteristics of Tuxedo. It has a club — or ratjaer a casino — v.-ith a restricted membership, and fitted up with a dancing room, capable also of being used 198 CITIZEN GUIDE. as a tiny auditorium. The town is beautifully laid out, the houses being artistic both in color and in form, the avenues are broad and well bedded, and many fine gardens are in sight. A large number of New York mer- chants make their -country homes here, coming early in the Spring and leaving late in the Fall. Driving, boating, fishing and bathing are alike excellent. It is the nearest place of its class to the city. There is one hotel, accommodating nearly 300, and boarding houses taking nearly 100 more. The strong point of Far Rockaway is that of the marshland. The uplands come down to the sea, only ending upon the beach itself. Far Rockaway is an old time town. Fifty years ago, though it stood alone then on the edge of the sands, it enjoyed all the celebrity it has to-day. The cholera scare of the forties gave it its reputation, New Yorkers flocking to it like sheep. They lived there everywhere, in any place, in tents, in barns. A company was formed and the Marine Pavilion erected. It was run under the management of the great boniface Cranston, of the New York Hotel. Famous personages by the dozen slept and ate at this hostelry during its twenty years of life. A notable entry on its old register was that of Gen- eral Scott and his staff. Just at the close of the war it was suddenly burned down beyond restoral. It is a prosperous little place in Winter, with q. permanent population of 3,000, a bank whose stock is rated at 250, and three churches, but in Sum- mer time it is in all its glory. The population is then swollen to nearly 7,000. Wave Crest and Bayswater, the former fronting on the ocean, the latter on the Hook of Jamaica Bay, have together nearly 250 cottages, the most of which are rented long before the season begins. Wave Crest has long been noted for its exclusiveness, its fine families and its beautiful vil las. Bayswater is taking on many of the same attributes. Besides the cot- tage population there are eight hotels and innumerable boarding houses, tak- ing in nearly 2,000 more. In the inlet there is excellent still water bathing and rowing. A ferry can'ies visitors over to the beach, which is really a fine one. A village hall for the giving of theatricals and dances, which are a great feature of the Winter's life, is still lacking, but it is planned to erect one next Fall. The Bayswater Yacht Club, three years old, numbering 100 members and thirty to forty yachts, is a leading institittion of the town. On a clear night the lights of Brooklyn and the arc of the East River Bridge may be seen fi"om Bayswater Bluff. It is called a " paradise for fishermen" here. Inwood, a hamlet a mile to the north, is the abode of the professional angler. Along the Shore to Bahylon. Pearsalls is the first station to the east of Valley Stream, on the Mon- tauk Division. It is a quiet inland village, named after an old' family of the south shore, and has changed little during the last half century. At Pearsalls the Long Beach road branches off across the meadows, but the crowd of pleasure seekers of a day does not disturb the tiny village of the cross roads. For it is not much more than that, though its well scattered population numbers 900. It is directly in the centre of a farming commu- nity, and practically marks the bounds of market gardening along the south shore. Its chief pride is its old Methodist church, by whose side is the Rockville Cemetery, over 100 years old, and showing one grave containing 256 bodies, passengers on the ship " Mexico," wrecked off Hempstead Bay daring the fifties. Pearsalls' summer accommodation is large. To its southeast is Christian Hook, ^r Oceanside, a hamlet a mile and a half from ALONG THE SOUTH SHORE, 199 Rockville Centre station, and East Rockaway, a place of stables and board- ing farms, where the Long Beach visitors keep their teams, and from whence they start on their inland drives. East Rockaway boarding houses hold over loo people. Rockville Centre. — This is a bustling inland town, one and a half miles further down the road, one mile from Hempstead Bay, and two and a half from Long Beach. Its chief manufactures are hat and hammock making. The latter industry is an important one, over 10,000 hammocks being sent away each year, in the main to southern cities. The hammocks are only " strung" in the factory, the actual work of making being done in the homes of the operatives. There is a resident population of about 2,800, but one-eighth of it being native. Nearly sixty per cent, of the residents are New Yorkers, who have made the town their permanent home, and twenty-five per cent, hail from Brooklyn. The town, though new (there were only two houses on Village avenue, the main street, in 1876), is most progressive. Its trade is active, it has one of the best equipped and edited country newspapers in the State, a State bank and a High School of 800 pupils, especially appointed by the Regents of New York for the instruc- tion of teachers' classes. There are few Summer boarders, no Summer hotel existing, and the houses providing for barely 200. Social interests are most active, especially during the Winter. The town boasts an opera house capable of seating 800 people, and private theatricals are frequently given. A bowling and a rowing club are features of the life, the women taking a keen interest in both these sports. It is a " village of churches," literally, these edifices numbering seven. There is little evidence — only tradition — as to how the town came by its name. The soil is almost a pure sand, and not a rock can be found in the region as big as a man's fist. The story is that Rockville Centre was called after the Rocksmiths, wrecked on this coast over 200 years ago. Earliei than that it was the meeting place of the Iroquois Indians, traces of them being still visible in the shell bank of the Mill River, a favorite bathing place. In Hempstead Bay there is very good boating and fishing, some famous catches of bass having been recently made. The original storage reservoir and pumping stations of the Brooklyn water supply are here. Two years ago the extension of the system to Massapequa, nine miles further on, was completed. The pipe line follows the railroad track closely and is quite visible from the cars. The whole region roundabout, both north and south of the track, is dotted with little ponds and lakes, fed by springs, of which the supply is inexhaustible. It is soporous country here, with a rapidly absorbing soil and full of fine farming lands. Staple products are what is raised. Twenty-one and a half miles from the city is Milbum station, known as Baldwins for eighty years, and still called so by the country folk. It is the first oyster town of any magnitude so far approached, and there are large .bedsof the bivalves on Milbum channel. It is less than a mile from the water, has a population of nearly 2,000, scattered and rural, and adds over 100 to it in the Summer. Freeport. — The main street of this energetic south shore town runs down to the water. It is the first of the villages to the west, situate directly on an arm of the Great South Bay. Freeport's interest, primarily, is aquatic. Nearly 400 sail boats of aU rigs and classes are at her docks or about Freeport Bay. . The town has nothing in the way of set manufacto- ries, but a very large proportion of the trout flies used in this country are 300 CITIZEN GUIDE. made in Freeport. Over one hundred operatives, mainly young women, are employed, and there are two establishments. The industry was started by an English fly maker settling there some fifteen years ago. Bass flies are also made, but comparatively few. Many city people have made Free- port their Summer home, and a large number of ornamental cottages are placed near the water's edge. The boarding houses add a hundred or so more to the population, which increases to considerably over 2,000 during the Summer months. Education is not neglected, as the village has just voted to put up a $30,000 school house. The Prospect Gun Club of Brook- lyn has its station and preserves near the town. Boating, driving and bowling are the main amusements. The churches number five. The soil here is extremely sandy, and it is a common tradition that a man may walk without rubbers in the morning after it has rained all night. On the way to Amitjrville several little towns are passed. Merrick is a pretty country place, with its beauties invisible from the railway. It has a dozen or so houses of wealthy men on the main road, and a guild hall for the young men of the district right in their midst. There are practically no boarding accommodations, however, but one small hotel receiving guests. A mile north-east of the depot are the noted grounds of the Long Island Camp Meeting Association, where revivals and weeks of praise and exhortation are held each Summer. The members are old school Methodists and the meetings are spirited affairs. This is the leading camp meeting on the island and one of the most prominent in the State. Bellemore is a little village with a few cottages nearby. Ridgewood, or Wanta^h railroad station, is a " cross roads " in the midst of farm lands. Just to the north of it is another great reservoir of the Brooklyn system. This system finally ends in Massapequa Lake, two miles beyond. A mile north is the hamlet of Jerusalem, also reached from the Central Park station on the mainline. Its farming population numbers a trifle over 200. A mile away is Plainedge, the termination of the great Hempstead plain. Here the region of scrub oak and pine commences, but the change is hardly noticeable well down on the south shore. Farmingdale, near by (joopulation 700), is an odd little village supported by farmers. It is the best part of three miles from the south shore and its chief industry is the manufacture of pickles. It is quite a boarding centre, taking m nearly 200 visitors. A trifle to its north are Bedelltown, Bethpage and Mannetto Hill, in the centre of farms. Returning to the Montauk Line, Massapequa next comes in view, dis- tinguished by one of the prettiest railroad stations in Queens County. This is in the township of Oyster Bay, and was once known as South Oyster Bay. It is the ancestral home of the Jones family, and "Massa- pequa House," on Massapequa Lake, the residence of a cousin of the present State Senator, Edward Floyd-Jones, is one of the historic buildings of the county. Massapequa is best known to-day for its splendid hotel overlooking the bay, the " Massapequa," one of the best appointed and finest class hostelries outside of New York City. Its capacity is over 300, and it is the centre of much social and aquatic life during the season. Its " hops " are much discussed affairs throughout the region. There is no village at Massapequa, only a dozen or less daintily designed country villas which set off the locality. There is a touch of wildness here, especially at nightfall, around the big, brilliantly lighted hotel, which com- pletes the picture perfectly. Shopping in Massapequa is done at Seaford, a village of 500 souls, a mile to the southwest, with a boarding house accommodation of some fifty and several good shops. ALONG THE SOUTH SHORE. 301 Amityvtlle is an old time town that, without appearing to do so, is lap- ping the cream of modern life. For a generation and more it has been a favorite resort of Brooklynites. It has no manufacturing interest nor indus- try, and yet there is a permanent and prosperous population of 2,500. Most of its natives are baymen , sailors and fisherman, or else farmers. The aquatic interest is weU developed. Amitvville creek was dredged six years ago, so that freight laden vessels can to-day go up to the turnpike. Amity- vllle is the only place on the island where this is possible. No town on the •south shore has better fishing. Blue fish, black, sea bass and weak fish are readily pulled in. An Amityville Yacht Club has recently been organized with twenty to thirty members, all owning boats. Sailing here is in no wise dependent on the tide, which can be said of comparatively few places along the south shore. There is capital surf bathing on Oak Island Beach across the bay, and Gilgo and Hemlock Beach are also popiilar nearby re- sorts. The cottages and boarding houses are a mile or so from the station, scattered along the bay front. The boarding house capacity is about 350. A fine new hotel of 100 rooms, the "Newpoint," will receive guests for the first time this Summer. Amityville boasts fine churches, a bank, and a ly- ceum seating 400. It is lit by electricity and contains the Brunswick Home for epileptics, a Dominican convent, and a private asylum for the mildly in- sane. Its village street is long, quaint and straggling. Breslau (now Lindenhurst on the railroad map) is a German settlement 'of 1,500, devoted to the manufacture of cigars and buttons. These German operatives are a quiet set and they have brought about a "Kleine Deutsch- land " on the bluefish shore. The settlement was started many years ago under the name of Breslau, and it was planned to make it a great city. Streets were laid out and business blocks planned. Its projectors, how- ever, never realized their visions. There is boarding accommodation for over fifty. Three miles beyond and thirty-seven from New York lies the town of Babylon, where the old cry once rang out, "Passengers for Fire Island, out here!" On the Great Sonth Bay. With Babylon commences the Great South Shore Road. A quarter of a century ago it was known as the '-south country," but men and manners change. It deserves a more pretentious name now, for, beyond a doubt, it is the most beautiful avenue Long Island can boast. For twenty miles, through Bay Shore, Islip, Oakdale and Sayville, up to the country east of Patchogue, it runs in a broad level course, as hard as a rock, for the greater distance with a clam shell surface, and bounded on each side by tuperb, gloriously branching old trees that the vandals, if there be any in this region, have not dared to meddle with. Each and every pleasant afternoon during the Summer sees a magnificent cavalcade of rig and trap from end to end of this twenty miles. No other place within a radius of a hundred miles of New York, not even Newport, can produce such a display. It is not only the quality and the extreme excellence of individual equipage, hackney, cob and thoroughbred, but the mass as well. From Islip, through Oakdale to Sayville, the shore region is cut up into beautiful and extensive parks. Enormous aggregate wealth is represented here. A large number of the wealthiest men of New York have their country homes and stock faxms on the Great South Bay. There are country and sporting clubs pf 203 CITIZEN GUIDE. the highest and most pretentious type along the line, valuable trout pre- serves and shooting boxes, where the gun is at its very best. Besides being the focal centre of driving, these twenty miles are the great abode of out-of-door sport. The sailing qualities of the Great South Bay need no commendation ; they are far too well known. It would be im- possible to estimate the number of small pleasure craft spreading their sails along the coast from Babylon to Bellport Bay. It would be a tiresome task simply to count them. Little yacht clubs are scattered along the shore, Islip having the most pretentious one. The catboat is most in favor because of its serviceableness and its ability to meet any emergency in the way of squally winds. The great aquatic sport is bluefishing, and it speaks well for the Great South Bay's resources, that after nearly fifty years of anglers by the hundred these waters are still splendidly stocked by nature and give no sign of being fished out. In the late Fall, after the horde of Summer visitors has departed, the season for duck, snipe, geese and mal- lard shooting commences. At times during the early Winter the bay's sur- face is fairly black with birds. There are half a dozen famous old inns along the shore and the road, where the science of duck and bluefish cook- ing has reached its highest point, and where the dinners, one's own bag- ging being prepared especially for him, is a something never to be forgotten. Oystering floiurishes during the Fall and Winter, duck shooting lasts during the same months, and with early Jime the bluefish comes in the bay in shoals. Babylon is the commencement of this sportsmen's and Summer sojourn- ers' land. It is a quiet little village with a beautifully quaint main street, and the last census credits it with a population of 3,000. Originally it was known as Sampawam's Village (after an old tribe of Indians), and as a set- tlement existed long before the Revolution. Its main street is a quarter of a mile from the depot, the dock — where once the Fire Island passengers embarked — a mile further on, and depot and dock are connected by a queer little horse car railroad, with but a single track. It is related of Horace Greeley that once upon a time he visited Babylon and entered the horse car (the same old one is still shown under a shed) to journey to the water. But the relic, for so it was even then, ran off the track, and Mr. Greeley had to alight with the other passengers and help lift it on. The village, though a quiet one, is many sided. To the east and the west and the north stretch the broad properties of New Yorkers and Brook- lynites, many of which are occupied the year round. Two miles to the north is the Belmont estate, a superb stock farm, called by him " The Nur- sery." Here there is a fine stud of western stock, a mile race track and an unpretentious but roomy mansion. One of the best trout ponds in the vicinity is located here and given the greatest attention. To this domain August Belmont the second succeeded on his father's death. Young Mr. Belmont has also a fine farm on Hempstead Plain, which is touched upon in a description of that region. The cost of running the Babylon farm alone is said to be $75,000 a year. Across the road from the Belmonts, and less than half a mile away, is the park of Austin Corbin, mapped out in English fashion and stocked with deer, antelope, reindeer and elk. There are ex- cellent ti. out preserves in its midst, and a well-built and artistic modern mansion in full view from the side road. Nearby is the Westminster Ken- nel Club's preserve, with a fine collection of pointers and retrievers. This Qlub holds a, leading position in the canine and sportsman world. ALONG THE SOUTH SHORE. 203 Most of the mansions, however, have their lands bordering on the Great bouth Road. The bay is almost constantly in sight. Among the most notable places one passes in a drive towards Bay Shore are Effingham Park, the "manor place" of E. B. Sutton of New York; a curious, filigree ornamented abode of white, yellow and cream, the home of " Aunty Wag- staff," mother of the well-known colonel of that name; the " Havemeyer" mansion and grounds, where the great sugar magnate used to live, once marked by his nearby herd of valuable Guernseys; and the houses and farms of Henry B. Hyde of the Equitable Life, Charles Magoun of Baring, Magoun & Co. (noted for its jumping horses), and William P. Clyde of steamship fame. On Cap Tree Island in the bay, opposite Fire Island Beach, is the house of the popular Way wayonda Club of New York City, its membership made up of a hundred or more well known politicians, chief among which are ex-Mayor Grant, Jordan L. Mott and Barney Martm. The club house is jilain as to its exterior, but comfortable and well furnished within. It is a three story structure, made up of three sections, joined to- gether by broad verandas. The village proper has an active Summer life. There are scores of cot- tages and many hotels and boarding houses. The largest hotel of all — the Argyle in Argyle Park, accommodating several hundred — has been closed for the past two years, but will probabl}^ soon re-open. Even without this Babylon has a Summer capacity of nearly 2,000. Six hotels and inns offer accommodation, the Watson and the Sherman Houses being particularly in vogue among epicurean sportsmen. The merchants are prosperous, the town being the trading centre for miles around. It has whip and carriage factories, six churches, a bank charter (the building is not erected yet), two public halls, water works, an athletic association, a base ball club (champions of the South .Shore League), a bicycle club, and the Short Beach Club, made up of men who live in Babylon and Baysh ore during the Summer months. It is a religious town, noted for its revivals and church interests. The village society is built entirely on the churches. Though Fire Island has ceased to be a resort and is now State property, excursions across the bay are frequent. Oak Island being the objective point. The "Surf," the famous little craft of Boniface bammis in the Fire Island Hotel days, has degenerated into oystering. It is a beautiful drive along the South Shore Road from Babylon, four miles, into Bay Shore. This is a modern settlement, a genuine " cottage land," with streets and cross streets well graded and kept, and set on either hand with pretty little villas and gardens. It is essentially a summer town. Bay Shore being well nigh deserted during the Winter save by the fisher- men and bay men. Cottage life is to be seen there in its most charming form. At the village's eastern end are the houses of its wealthiest and most representative families. Penatauquit Point is the centre of the last named over towards Islip. The houses there are built around the edge of a great square, and in the midst of them are the excellent tennis courts and field 01 the South Side Field Club. Even Southampton cannot boast of a finer, more perfect tennis lawn. In exactly the centre of the groimd is set the " Casino," its first floor admirably adapted for a dance, its upper story rejoic- ing in two little balconies from which to watch the progress of the games. Near this region are the notably fine mansions of Spencer Aldrich, Theron J. Strong and Alanson T. Enos, Mr. Strong's being a particularly interest- mg example of colonial adaptation. Nearly every one in Bay Shore is a cottager. The boarding houses are very tew and hold less than 200 in all. 204 CITIZEN GUIDE. There are two good sized hotels, however, the Prospect House, accom- modating several hundred, and old Dominy's Inn, on the main road, an ancient hostelry with a history and traditions in its double pitched roof and low ceilinged parlors and sleeping rooms. It stood there nearly a century before the village of Bay Shore was ever thought of. The South Side Field Club does not monopolize the entire attention of the Sammer sojourners. The Great South Bay Yacht Club belongs as much to this town as it does to Islip, three miles to the east. This is a popular organization and its regattas are great events in the society of the coast. Alden S. Swan of Brooklyn is its commodore and leading member. It has in its fleet all the fast private craft of the neighboring towns. The Olympic Club is a country organization of city men owning a fine establish- ment at the foot of Bay Shore's broadest avenue. Cheever Goodwin, the librettist of " Wang," an ardent fisherman, has made his home at Bay Shore for several seasons. If the traveller goes from Bay Shore to Patchogue by rail he misses the finest driveway and one of the most perfect panoramas on the island. After leaving Bay Shore the road to the east gets more beautiful, its arch- ing trees form a wonderful vista, broken only by views of stately mansions on either side. Of Islip village there is very little; the section's interest and charm is its private villas, or manses they should be called, its superb views seaward, and its country, picked out like fine embroidery on velvet with lakes and streams. The blue fish is in the bay, but inland the trout is to be found, never finer nor plumper. One of the wealthiest country clubs about New York city, the South Side Sportsman's, has recognized this and settled it- self in a quaint and pretty home, one half of it an old time mansion, directly on the bay. -The main pursuit of its members is fishing, but it has a pretty little deer park and an excellent, though small, herd. W. Bayard Cutting's country seat, " Westbrook," was once the Lorillard place, and is notable now for its stables and the fine coach Mr. Cutting drives. The town is well represented in churches, there being four of them, St. Mark's Episcopal having age and historic interest back of it. This church has re- cently erected a parish house containing a gymnasium and including a trainer, classes and a bicycle club. Its endowments from its wealthy com- municants make it one of the most prosperous churches of the faith on Long Island. One hundred and fifty visitors may find rooms in the small private residences within a mile from the station, and there are besides the Pavil- ion knd the Lake House, each supplied with unexampled fish and duck chefs. Down the road to the east the Connetquot River, a pretty little stream, is crossed. Here is the station of the South Side Club just mentioned. A mile up to the northwest is Bohemia, a hamlet in the scrub pine country. Next on the road, now at its very finest point, comes Oakdale, a place of private parks alone. Its sylvan solitudes are unmarred by hotel, inn or country store. Oakdale is best known as the country home of William K. Vanderbilt, whose stables here, "The Idle Hour," are unsurpassed in their appointments. Their total cost has exceeded half a million of dollars, prob- ably much more, for the exquisitely designed fence that surrounds the park, ornate iron pickets set on granite blocks, alone cost over $200,000, and Mr. Vanderbilt is said to have spent nearly $1,000 a day on it during the past year. The house is a large irregular Queen Anne of brick and stone. His stables are even finer than his house. Both have a good outlook on the bay. ALONG THE SOUTH SHORE. 205 The grounds mn tip to within a few rods of the railroad track and the South Shore Road passes in between. "Idle Hour" has, besides, a splendid conservatory with the finest collection of orchids on the south shore, and a celebrated, poultry yard containing many rare fowl. It is entered through two superb gateways of brick and grilled iron work. After the Vanderbilt property it seems as if Oakdale had little else to offer. Robert Fulton Cut- ting and Christopher R. Roberts have remarkably attractive places, though, and very near to "Idle Hour" is St John's church, built in 1765. To the southeast is Greenville, a fisherman's hamlet one mile from the Oakdale station and with less than 300 inhabitants. Here, at Brookhaven Bay, is the widest part of the Great South Bay. Directly opposite is the centre of Fire Island or the Great South Beach, a narrow tongue of land that ends only when Westhampton is reached. Two miles down the road is Sayville, four miles from the trade centre of Patchogue. It is situate linely, fifty rods from the railroad station, and directly on the bay. The -;hore line is a bold one, and its handsomest cottages are set on the bank. Fully 2,000 Summer visitors are to be found in its villas, hotels and board- ing houses, and the town is growing like magic as a resort. Bajport is a smaller place, and an exclusive one. It also numbers many artistic dwel- lings and has a large boarding accommodation (500 nearly) though it still lacks a large hotel. Patchogue. — The first of the "ogues" — a synonym for pleasure and sport on Long Island — has two distinct phases of life. Winter and Sum- mer it is the focus of a busy trade. There is little of the humdrum existence popularly supposed to be the keynote of Long Island villages. Patchogfue is all agog and astir. It opens its arms hospitably to the 2,000 and more Summer visitors who flock to it by every train during the season, but its old families have their own life and their own trade interests and do not mingle at all with the people a-summering. Patchogue has two news- papers, a bank with nearly 700 depositors, whose stock is now quoted at 190, and large manufacturing concerns. A mile to the southwest lies Blue Point, whence come the most famous oysters in the American market. The export trade is large, many thousand barrels being sent to Europe each year, and the business to all domestic points is thriving. The Patchogue River runs to the west of the town three miles into the interior. Its channel gives at times a depth of five to six feet of water, and in the Winter there is very good ice boating on its surface. It widens a mile from the bay into Patch- ogue Lake. On the west bank of this sheet of water, which is half a mile wide, is the village's chief industry, the Nottingham Lace Works, capital- ized at $300,000, making 900 pairs of lace curtains a week, and with a pay- roll of $1,800. On the opposite bank is an electric light plant. The banks of the river from the bay are lined with little boat building yards. There are twelve of these in all, and they turn out some beautiful specimens of ship- yard joining. Nothing very large is built there, the maximum being about a forty-foot keel. The Patchogue boat yards are kpown far beyond the island's limits. Other industries are a blind, sash and door factory, said to be the largest lumber interest in either Queens or Suffolk counties (two large steamers are employed in carrying its products to New York), and a paper mill on Canaan Pond, just above the lake. The churches have a large controlling interest in the society of the town. There are five church edifices, all new within the past four years. The Congregational Society, just now putting up one of the finest sanctu- aries outside of Brooklyn, has recently held its one hundredth anniversary. 206 CITIZEN GUIDE. The total valuation of church property is not far fr<^, * 150,000. The town has a public library with several thousand volumes,, j. Young Men's Insti- tute fitted out with bowling alleys, auditorium hall, library and gymna- sium, flourishing secret societies, and the best equipped fire department of any Long Island town. Its engine No. I has won against all comers in the Long Island tournaments, water runs through the village, the Holly sys- tem being used, and a standpipe, 100 feet high, is located on the shores of the lake. An eighth of a mile out of the town are the athletic grounds of the " Institute," a track eight laps to the mile, and a well-made grand stand. Mrs. Lozier, of Sorosis, and J. Adolph Mollenhauer, the sugar re- finer, have places just within the town's limits. Patchogue is said to be the largest village in the country that is unincorporated. Its permanent population is over 4,000. At times the influx of Summer visitors swells it to nearly twice its normal size. There are fifteen Summer hotels of standing, all located down on the river street, the dock being three-quarters of a mile from the depot. Including these there are nearly fifty places to which visi- tors may go. The fleet of pleasure boats numbers very nearly 300, and there is unexcelled boating and fishing. At East Patchogue, a small settle- ment just beyond, E. W. Durkee has a fine stock farm with model bams and some admirable California horses. BANKS-GROCERS-BOOKS-PRINTS, &c. OLIVER M. DENx ', H. B. AUTEN, PRESIDENT. CASHIER. KINGS COUNTY BANK, 12 COURT STREET, BROOKLYN. DIRECTORS: WILLIAM B. LEONARD, WILLIAM W. GOODRICH, HERMANN WISCHMANN ALBRO J. NEWTON, JAMES McLAREN, RICHARD S. BARNES DAVID S. JONES, LEONARD MOODY, N. S. DIKE, CAMDEN C. DIKE, JAMES JOURDAN, OLIVER M. DENTON. Lovers of good Teas and Coffees CAN BE SUITED AT STORES: 321 Columbia Street, 546 Fifth Avenue, 219 Myrtle Avenue, 130 Fiftli Avenue, 2725 Atlantic Avenue. JOHN McGAHIE, Established 1870. PROPRIETOR. SABIN , 80 Nassau St., New York. Old and Valuable BOOKS, PRI NTS AND E NGRAVINGS. Special attention given to the needs of Collectors of rare, fine and standard works, and the wants of ** Book Illustrators." G^N£RAI. SERVICES AS AGENT IN BUYING OR SELLING, VALUATION, &c. A LARGE STOCK OF PORTRAITS AND PLATES. Are You Insured ? JI r?^.., Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co., Was established 86 years ago, and issues The Strongest, Cheapest, Best form of Investment Life Policy, and has paid over THiRTY-FrvE Million Dollars to its LIVING POLICY HOLDERS. YOU NEED NOT DIE TO W IN. ASSETS, JAN. 1st, 189.3, i»56,236,089.13. | SURPLUS, Jan. 1st, 1893, *9,467,384.54. Apply to JAMES F. ATKINSON, General Agent, Garfield Building, Room 4. 26 CouTt St., COT. Rcmsen St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Mm ISLAND, BANK-DECORATORS-HATS-BOOKSELLERS. LONG ISLAND BANK ORGANIZED 182 4. CROWELL HADDEN, President, JOHN H. DITMA3, Vice-President. W. H. LEFFINGWELL, Cashier. DIRECTORS. David B. Baylis, Henry D. PolhemvLs, James L. Morgan, Michael Snow, Henry D. Van Orden, Cmwell Hadden, John H. Ditmas, John B. King, Fred'k A. Van Iderstein, Daniel F. Lewis, William A. Read, Abraham Abraham. Wm. H. Lothrop. W. E. Aldridge. H. L. Ennis. THE NEW YORK DECORATING CO. Decorations for Balls, Fairs, Celebrations, Etc., A-vrnlngs, Flags, Tents, Camp Chairs, &c. : ; 22 MONTAGQE STREET, - BROOKLYN, L. I. CHAS. BOOSS. G. F. KICH. 6HARLES 600SS ^ 6a, MANUFACTURERS OF *H-i HATS AND FURS, i-h* 54 Court St., near City Hall, BiiooK:L-5riq . FURS BB-DTED, ALTEBED, BEPAIBED AND TAKEN ON STOBAOE. " THOMAS LUNT & CO., YYiioLesftLe ^nd ReTftiL 188 FULTON STREET, BROOKLYN, Have in Stock a Larger and Cheaper Paper-Covered Line of NOVELS than any other Book Store in the City. GIVE US A CALL. THE WEST OF THE ISLAJ^D. From Roslyn to Oyster Bay — "The Hempstead Barrens" — Villages and Farms — The Cathedral of the Incarnation — Flushing and its Envi- rons. The train that leaves Mineola for the Hempstead Harbor region, on the north shore, makes a sharp curve as it nears the great Fair Grounds, and dashes off, almost at right angles, due north. On the edge of Mineola Plain is set East Williston, a hamlet with only 150 people, but boasting a road cart factory, the ' • make" of which is famous all over the Eastern States, and one of the finest of yards of fancy ducks, together with a small but excellent stock farm, owned by Timothy Treadwell. Roslyn, two miles further on, has many a historic and romantic association to detain the tjaveller and prolong his stay. It is a quiet little village, placed down in a valley, its houses clustered at the head of Hempstead Harbor, five miles in from the Sound, High hills tower above it, those to the west bounding Cow's Neck, or Manhasset, on which is Port Washington, a still smaller village, and Sands Point, on which, in spite of its distance from the rail- road, many fine residences and broad pleasure parks stand. Roslyn has a population of but 1,300, and its boarding capacity is barely 100; trade does not disturb it. It is a village of the past, living upon its memories, and with a few fine old mansions and " monuments," so to speak, keeping guard along its banks. The most famous of all of these, on the east bank road, well down on the harbor, is Cedannere, the home of William Cullen Brj-ant. The house is near the steamboat landing, two fuU miles from the station, and is occupied by the dead poet's son-in-law, Harold Godwin, the son of the noted mechanical expert, Parke Godwin, who lives directly op- posite. A near neighbor of the Godwins is Lieutenant Emory of the Navy, who was one of the stalwarts of the Greeley Expedition. The Bryant home- stead stands weather-beaten, but strong and sturdy. Outside of the asso- ciations with the author of " Thanatopsis," it is one of Roslyn's historic dwellings. It was built by Richnrd Kirk some time between the Revolu- tion and 1790. Every timber in it was carefully planed, just as the outside timbers are. Bryant's dust lies in the quaint little village cemetery a mile away. The place is marked by the largest monument in the cemetery, a plain but exquisite block of granite. Another historic building is the home of Dr. Bogart lived in by Hendrix Onderdonk in 1769. The old mansion is practically intact to-day. At the same time Onderdonk bought the property on the banks of the second of the three ponds that extend back from the harbor's head and established a paper mill, running until a few years ago and the oldest in the State. The old Valentine house, near the stone bridge by the depot, is known to have been built before the Revolu- 208 CITIZEN GUIDE. tion. It is a quaint mansion, on Colonial and old English lines. The Losee house is older yet, having been erected in 1757. The flour mill, of Revolu- tionary or early nineteenth century date, is still revolving for all who will bring grist to it. In Skillman's Woods, a few rods east of the railroad track, there is a bit of the old stone wall behind which the British en- trenched themselves while guarding their commissary department at Hempstead against the depredations of the Yankee oystermen of Hemp- stead Harbor. The town from its modern point of view has little of note. The silk mills and cheese factories started some years ago were given up as unprof- itable enterprises. Roslyn has five churches and some social interest. Tennis is not a popular game, but baseball meets with much favor. The village is noted for Harbor Hill, the highest point on the island (260-70 feet above high water), with an observatory 80 feet high. Harbor Hill is half a mile east of the village main street. Two miles to the southwest, through a farming district, is Searingtown, remarkable for having the iirst Metho- dist church on Long Island. Four miles to the northeast, away off from the railroad, is Brookville, celebrated for its factional fights between Dutch- men and Yankees in the Peter Stuyvesant days. To the north are Green- vale, Glenwood and Glen Head, devoted to agriculture and market garden- ing. A few fine stock farms are scattered through this region, notably that of Mrs. S. Tabor Willets, who has made a study and a specialty of cattle. Sea Cliff, with its settlement a mile from the station, is a popular town of hotels and boarding houses, and is set on a high bluff overlooking the Sound. Down one side of the cliff runs an inclined plane railroad, a wonderfully clever piece of engineering. The bluff was originally the home of the same camp meeting association that is now quartered at Merrick on the south shore. In 1871 the place was owned by the Metropolitan Association for camp meeting purposes, but the Methodists soon got complete control. As soon as the "grove" was moved. Sea Cliff began to come into its own as a Summer resort. Now it is exceedingly popular, being easy of access from the city both by train and boat. There are no less than twenty-five hotels and boarding houses, with a total accommodation for 1,500 people. The largest hotel is the Sea Cliff House, with a capacity of 300. Many private cottages, besides, adorn the streets. There are two churches in the village. Glen Cove is a town a mile further on, with an all the year round life of its own, a town of commuters and gentlemen farmers (population 4,300), with its own society and individual interests. A few Summer visitors come, but they do not swell the population appreciably, nor enter into the town life. There is a large industry down on the Cove proper in the Duryea Starch Factory, probably the largest concern of its kind in the country, em- ploying 700 people. The Hempstead Harbor Yacht Club has its house on the point where the Cove merges into the bay. The Glen Cove Athletic Club, recently organized, is something of a feature of the town life. Good- boating and fishing are to be found on Hempstead Harbor. Further along, on the shores of the Sound, is Charles A. Dana's wonderful floral island of Dosoris, surrounded by a superb sea wall and boasting of the finest floral exhibit in New York State. In the centre of the island Mr. Dana has his country home. Visitors are allowed to' traverse the outer driveway, and the best approach is through Dosoris Lane, an admirably shaded avenue leading out of Glen Cove village. Nearby is the 150 acres of the Charles Pratt estate, set aside for the agricultural department of the ' Pratt Insti- THE WEST OF THE ISLAND. 209 tute, Brooklyn. The Pratts have fine villas in this locality, and make it their Summer home. Locust Valley is a farmland, distinguished for the establishment of the Benjamin Downing Vacation Home for Working Girls. The boarding houses of the village will hold about loo. At Matinnecock, two miles in- land, there is an old Friends' Academy, founded 120 years ago and endowed by Gideon Frost. It is one of the best high schools in the State. Almost directly across the road is the ancient and storm worn Friends' meeting house, one of the lu'st Quaker homes of worship to be established on Long Island. Bay ville is of more recent settlement. It is a delightful and a picturesque region, a trille wild at night fall. A good sized country town is springing up gradually here, and the prospect of the Sound and the shore line is one of the best along the coast. Bayville has numerous fine Summei homes and a capacity of nearly 150 for visitors. It has its chief name from being the country residence of Julian Gordon (Mrs. S. Van Rensselaer Cruger). The railroad terniinates in Oyster Bay. This is almost solely a region of wealthy landowners and old families. The turnpike runs along parallel to the shore, and on the shore side, with their grounds almost touching the water, have been built stately mansions in the midst of green lawns. Par- ticularly noticeable among these is the place (f Frank T Underbill, who has been largely instrumental in organizing the modern society of Oyster Bay. He was the founder of the Oyster Bay Polo Club, which has capital grounds a mile east, and well graded tennis courts besides. Over acrots the bay, on Centre Island, is the hoiise and station of the Seawanhaka Yacht Club of New York. They have a capitally appointed mansion and a famous view from their piazza. Not far away, on Cove Keck, which separates Oyster Bay Harbor from Cold Spnng Harbor (the villages are only about three miles apart) Theodore Roosevelt has a country home. Oyster Bay has a liank and six churches, together with excellent school facilities. Its permanent population is 1,800. Its most interesting features are its old families and old homes, built in colonial days. The Summer house on South street is said to be the oldest structure in the vicinity stand- ing intact. Its exact date is not knoNvm, but it was certainly built long be- fore the Revolution. The Townsend mansion en Main street has been some- what modernized, but its timbers still stand. During the Revolution the British officers were quartered here. Up on Fort Hill, from which Oyster Bay spreads itselt" out like a great canvas, there is the remnant of the old fort the Hessian soldiers occupied. The Youngs family have contributed to the history of Oyster Bay more than a little. Thcmas Youngs was the family founder, so far as this region goes. He was the first pilot in the Harbor of New York, and set the first buoys at Sandy Hook. As early as 1650 he built part of the old homestead that is now standing, quaint and beautiful with age, on the main road. One of the landmarks of the town is the Youngs' family burial plot near the homestead. Its first interment was in 1 713, the first stone is marked 1720. Daniel K. Youngs of the town is his descendant and the antiquarian of the locality. The driving and boating around Oyster Bay can be most heartily re- commended. The chief native interest is oyster fishing, and the oysters from the bay are luscious ones. The Region of Hempstead. From the outskirts of old Jamaica to the Fair Grounds of the Queens 210 CITIZEN GUIDE. County Agricultural Society stretches the Jamaica Plain. It ends at MiN- EOLA, a few scattered houses in the midst of a farming district, gaining its familiar name from its being an important junction and the place of chang- ing cars. Of recent years, however. Garden City and Floral Park have taken much of these privileges away from it. Mineola's population is 600, and outside of the Fair Days, when its road are crowded, it has only a Children's Home to mark it. The cotmty fairs, however, give Mineola importance twice a year. They are held in June and September, and have as their chief characteristics hosts of well dressed people, a fine showing of stock, horseflesh and poultry, every sort of new fangled agricultural machine and a hall for the display of women's fancy work. The first agri- cultural fair in Queens County was held in 1693. No society was organized, however, until ?Si7, when a beginning was made at Mineola. The date of the first formal exhibit was two Summers later. This old society went by the board, and nothing further was done until July 21, 1841, when, at a meet- ing of the Executive Committee of the New York State Agricultural Society, a special committee was appointed to see what could be accomplished. The next Fall the first fair of the Queens County Agricultural Society was held at Hempstead. Until 1861 the fairs were held in different towns. In that year permanent grounds, to the extent of forty acres, were donated by the town of Hempstead, a half mile track was laid out and the fair was held in the Fall. Since then the exhibitions have been regularly held twice a year, generally in June and September. G. Howland Leavitt is the society's president, and Jacob Hicks of Old Westbury its secretary. There are nearly 1,700 life members, and the annual membership ranges a little under 2,000. No one needs to be told that Garden City M^as A. T. Stewart's pet pro- ject and the dream of his life. He started in to found an English cathe- dral city on what was known as the " Hempstead Barrens," a region abso- lutely flat and thought to be worth nothing except for pasturage. Through the most careful and scientific landscape gardening the dusty desert has been induced to blossom, and the lawns around the cottages show broad patches of well kept green. Garden City has not grown residentially as A. T. Stewart hoped it would. He purchased the land (7,000 acres) in 1S69, paying the town of Hempstead nearly $400,000 for it. He expected that as soon as the great Cathe iral of the Incarnation was finished, people would flock in and build. But the town's population is considerably under i,oco to-day. The cathedral, however, is one of the most beautiful ecclesiastical structures in the country. It is of brown stone, of Gothic wf ///"and feeling, with^delicate tracery and dainty points, and well proportioned in height, breadth and depth. It stands out a noble landmark in the midst of the plain, visible for miles. It dwarfs the little park -like village at its feet, and makes even the big academies, a stone's throw away, seem small. Its organ is one of the finest in the vicinity of New York, and its choristers are care- fully picked and trained. Within, in the richness of its fittings, it is quite as beautiful as without. Crowds of people come to it each pleasant Sunday, in carriage and in train„ The Military Academy of St. Paul's, with its de- tailed army officer, its discipline and its constant drills, has gained itself the reputation of being the best military school (only excepting West Point) in the whole United States. Its battalion numbers nearly 100 boys. This, as is also St. Mary's, the girls' school, is under the control of the diocese. Both of these institutions have elaborate buildings. Near the cathedral is the bishop's residence, a commodious and handsome edifice, lavishly furn- ished. There is also a Casino in the little park, and a club house for the THE WEST OF THE ISLAND. 211 school boys is to be built, with special reference to athletic sports and in- cluding a gymnasium and bowling alleys. The village of Hempstead, twenty miles from New York and reached by thirteen trains each day, has an interest that is both historic and modern. It was the very first settlement made in Central Long Island, practically contemporaneous with the most of Brooklyn, and but three years later than the founding of Southold. In 1643 a company of New Englanders settled quietly down to farming life. A year later they received a patent from Governor Kieft, and so Hempstead was begun. The village has old relics and historic mansions in plenty, but only one that tells the tale of two hundred years ago. That is a silver communion service, presented by Queen Anne of England early in the eighteenth century to St. George's Parish. The service is in use to-day, and handled with reverential hands. St. George's congregation is probably the oldest of the Church of England on the island. The first episcopal service in Hempstead was held in 1698. In 1734 the first St. George's was built, the town voting the churchyard and the glebe lands. The present edifice, a quaint white structure, was put in its place in 1821. The parsonage near by has more historical interest, for it is very nearly the same building as was first built in 1734. It was remodeled m 1793, but not extensively. Fifty years ago the north pitch of the roof was reshingled, and five years ago the south pitch, but the building still preserves many of its characteristics. A quaint old home stands at the north-east corner, one block east of Main, on Front street. It was a private dwelling long before Revolutionary times. It has been remodeled of late, but the old rafters, eight inches square, still remain, and they are well worth seeing. Sammis' Hotel, by the side of the railroad station, is perhaps the best specimen of an old, unaltered house in all the town. It is a weather beaten, two-story dwelhng, with a double pitched roof, curious low-ceilinged rooms, and wonderful door frames and casings. There is a tradition through the village that Wash- ington slept here one night, and the visitor is shown the very bedroom, a little apartment on the ground floor. In the bar-room hangs what purports to be the original sign of the old inn. It is a rectangular board bound with iron work, done by the blacksmiths of those days, with these words painted in fanciful and old time script : " Entertainment by Nehemiah Sammis." It is supposed to have swung before the tavern d.oor in 1712. The present landlord found it in the attic a few years ago. The traditions of the village are innumerable, but there is no space to rehearse them here. The modern phase of Hempstead is one of much ac- tivity. The town is located just at the edge of the great plain, and the many streets are beautifully shaded. Streets and roads are kept in the pink of condition, and they are lined with neat, if not always expensive, cottages and the trimmest of lawns. Hempstead's population is 5,000. Her interests are those of a prosperous inland town, with the trade of the neighboring farms and some little manufacturing of her own. But the beach is only six or seven miles away and much delight is taken in aquatic sports. The Hempstead Bay Yacht Club has a house on Elder Island near Long Beach, the members' point of embarkation being Freeport. There is a membership of fifty or sixty and the club house is well fitted up. There are some good fast yachts already in the fleet, but this Spring a number more are bein^ built. There is good fresh water fishing and sailing near- by. The drivmg and walking are excellent, for the roads are well looked after. Social interests are centered mainly in the churches, of which there 212 CITIZEN GUIDE. are seven. They nave a paramount influence in the dictation of amuse- ments. The church societies of themselves are very strong and represen- tative of the young people. The Presbyterian congregation, it is interest- ing to note, was tne first sect to have a chtrrch building in Hempstead vil- lage. For many years the edifice was also used as a Town Hall. The business interests of the village are a moulding mill, a shirt factory with nearly a hundred operatives, a straw hat factory, a carriage factory, and one for cork soles. Most of these business interests are small, but they are thriving and being pushed. There are two banks and a number of excel- lent stores. The seat of the township government is here, the town clerk having his office in the village. Formerly the whole business of the town- ship was done in Hempstead. There is an excellent village government, electric lights and water being supplied to the houses, and the streets being lit with the incandescent light. Many city people come up for the Summer months, but nearly all take cottages. The boarding accommodation does not exceed fifty. There are several good hotels, but no large Summer one. To the east and to the northeast to Westbury there are fine farm lands and extensive places. The famous Meadowbrook Hunt, with Frank Gray Griswold, Master of the Hounds, has its club house three miles out in this direction at East Meadow. The club has taken an old farmhouse there and refurnished it most elaborately, as well as building on to it. The pack now consists of some fifty hounds. Among the club's members there are some of the most famous cross country hunters in the world, and its stable is excellent. A polo club is attached to the hunt, and beautiful grounds have been laid out. Several fine stock farms lay right in this region. The Hempstead Farm of Thomas H. Terry, with its superb breeding stock, its very remarkable kennels and its display of fancy fowl, is undoubtedly the most noted and the most deserving of especial mention. August Belmont, Jr., has a capital stable of blooded horses, and Richard Ingraham, of Brook- lyn, fifty or sixty specimens of western stock that give his stables great com- mercial value. Old Westbury is a farming region of wealthy old families liv- ing some three miles from Westbury station, very nearly due north from East Meadow. It is fine old Quaker stock that the Westbury people come from, and they are very proud of their lineage. The Hickses, the Cooks, the Tituses and the Willises are their chief representatives. What is quite prob- ably the oldest meeting house on the island is that at Westbury. It was built in 1 701. The farming country is fertile, and for the most part as flat as a barn floor. On the Wheatley Hills back of Old Westbury, E. D. Morgan has built a superb mansion and established an extensive stock farm. From its elevated situation the house is a landmark for all the region round. Flushing and the North Side. Winfield, Newton, Corona, on the Flushing and North Side Railroad, are little towns in the suburbs, averaging fifteen hundred inhabitants apiece, in the centre of market gardens and devoted to the manufacture of portable houses. Just beyond Corona in the marshes of Flushing Bay the road divides, one branch going to Bridge street, College Point and White- stone, the other to Main street, Flushing, and through Bay Side to Great Neck. Flushing is a genuine suburban town, quaint and picturesque in parts, modern par excellence, and boasting many handsome mansions in others. It is an old town, its settlement going back to the very same year that THE WEST OP THE ISLAND, 213 Hempstead was founded, 1643. It was first called Vlissenden. Its settlers were English refugees who had fled into Holland to escape the Quaker perse- cution, then raging through Great Britain. Flushing at its founding was a stronghold of (Quakers. It is so, even to-day. The first assemblages of the "meeting" were held in theoldBowne Mansion erected in 1661. The Bowne Mansion stands as one of the landmarks of Flushing in an almost perfect state of preservation. It is one of the few old houses that have not felt the touch of time, or that the vandals have not attempted to remodel. In 1695 the "Friends" built their meeting house. The building is standing to-day on Broadway almost opposite the little park with hardly a change, save that its weather beaten boards have recently had a coat of paint. The old history of Flushing is nearly all bound up in the exploits of the Quakers. In the eighteenth century other sects began to gain a foothold in the town. Episcopalism rose up in 1720, and m 1746 land was given for a church. It was erected the same year, of rough gray stone, stately and religious, after the Gothic school, and to-day as St. George's it stands another landmark of the old town. It possesses a fine and resonant old bell. The Flushing of the present day has a population of 8,500 and is 12 miles distant from Long Island City. Its streets and avenues are level, broad, well graded and shaded. It sits back a little from Flushing Bay, though a wide creek, perfectly practicable for heavily- laden schooners, runs up along the town's boundaries. It is 5 miles to the Sound as the crow flies. Flushing's industries are important. There are dj^e works, with about 50 operatives; glass bending works, employing great kilns ; the Flushing iron works, including machine shops and a foundry for the making of tools and lathes; two saw and plan- ing mills; a portable house company, and a recently established beef con- cern which will send out its wagons all over the County of Queens. What Flushing is chiefly noted for though, in the commercial way, are her two great nurseries, one for hardy stock, rhododendrons, azaleas and ever- greens, the other for fruit and shade trees. The latter, the Bloodgood Nur- sery, dates back as far as 1729; besides there are several large rose farms within the town's limits. The clubs, associations, and societies exert a great influence upon Flushing's life. They are numerous and of large membership. The Niantic Club, fronting on Sanford avenue, is the leading organization. It has over a hundred in its membership, the members being drawn from the old families of the town. It is located in one of Flushing's old residences, and has sleeping accommodations, besides its alleys, parlors and club rooms. Another organization of the same social mold is the Flushing Athletic Club, now nearly a score of years old, and boasting nearly 300 members. It has a fine field and gymnasium, an eighth of a mile running track, base ball, football and tennis grounds, and a pretty little clubhouse, covering in all an entire square. Tennis tournaments are held every Summer, and Flushing numbers more good players, it is said, than any town of its size in this country. The Seventeenth Separate Company, of the N. Y. S. N. G., has a capital little armory. The aquatic interest is well developed, there being the Nereus, on Flushing Creek, with twelve boats, and the Flushing Boat Club (an oar organization exclusively) on Flushing Bay, with two barges and many little crafts. Other organizations are the Alumni Association of the High School, the Republican Club, the Single Tax Club and the Good Citi- zenship League of Women. The leading institutions are the Flushing Mili- tary Academy; St. Joseph's School, which used to be a great place for Cuban 214 CITIZEN GUIDE. youngsters; the Public Free Library, with three to four thousand books on its shelves, and the famous Convent school with several hundred pupils, es- tablished for over a quarter of a century. The society of Flushing is most exclusive and its participants largely mingle in New York circles. The upper floor of the Town HaU known as the Opera House is used for danc- mg. Dances are also given in the gymnasium of the Flushing Athletic Club. The Bownes, the Lawrences, the Duryeas, the Powells, and the Parsons, are some of the old families that hold up the village's aristocratic tone. There is quite a colony also of well-known artists which the late James H. Beard headed. Its chief representatives are C. Dana Gibson, Daniel C. Beard, and A. B. Wenzel. Flushing has seven churches, lacking only the Presbyterian denomination. At the junction of Broadway and Main street a pretty village park is marked off. It has a monument to those killed in the Civil War, and an ornate iron fountain painted white. It is a great village for newspapers, there being three weeklies and one daily. There is a good water system, the supply being drawn from artesian wells. The Flushing race-course is a mile away from the main street and at the north east comer of the village. The village of College Point immediately adjoins Flushing on the north. Its population is over 6,000, and it is quite a manufacturing centre, being situated on Flushing Bay and Long Island Sound. Its chief industries are factories for doors and blinds, factories for rubber and silk, and comb works. There are four or five singing societies with a membership mostly German. The Knickerbocker Yacht Club of New York has its house here, and the Harlem Yacht Club its cruising station and its starting point for regattas. Whitestone is a village to the east, of 3,000 population. It is mainly a man- ufacturing place, though there is always a goodly colony of Summer boarders. The chief manufactories are ,the Central Forge Works, which last Summer made one of the largest shafts that has ever been made, to go to the World's Fair, a fishmg tackle plant, and a tin-can concern. Fifteen miles from Long Island City is the farming district of Bayside. It has some fine Summer residences, and a rose and chrysanthemum farm. Bayside is situated on Little Neck Bay. Two miles to the north is Willets Point, with its fort and Government station. Passing Little Neck and Douglaston the traveller comes to Great Neck three miles further on. Here is the Sum- mer home of William R. Grace, and Edgewater Stock Farm recently estab- lished by Francis Browne. THE ISLAND'S eEjvJTf^E. The Beaches of Moriches — The Trouting in the Havens — The Land of Pines and the Headlands of the North Shore. If the traveller will glance at an island map, he will see that fifteen miles north of Patchogue, through a region of scrub oaks and pines, where no regular farming is possible, and seeming at moments something like a western prairie (save for a wooded range of hills), lies the old whaling town of Port Jefferson. This region from Plainedge to Manorville, very nearly from sea to Sound, is the very centre of the island, almost an unknown land to the Summer visitor. It is sparsely inhabited and seemingly has no attrac- tions. The most of it is off the railroad line, and squirrels and hares play happily in its undisturbed woods. Nevertheless, it is one of Long Island s most interesting sections. There is no way of viewing it by rail- road. A sleepy stage lumbers over the bad roads each day from Patchogue to Port Jefferson, stopping at the somnolent station of Manor, touching his- toric but old-fashioned Yaphank. But it needs a trap and a smart cob, if one can have the good luck to obtain one, to see the pine plain adequately, First, however, there are half a dozen towns and villages along the line from Patchogue to Eastport that have great Summer reputations. Bell- port, the first of them, is fifty-eight miles from New York. In Winter it is a quiet fishing town, numbering barely 600. Summer adds nearly that number more to its population. It is not a " cottage town," but one known far and wide for the excellence of its boarding houses. There are at least a dozen of these, several approaching the dignity of Summer hotels in their guest capacity. Though it is not on its private homes that the re- pute of Bellport hangs, it nevertheless has several notable country houses of much beauty. Much of the town is admirably situated on a bluff over- looking Bellport Bay, the end of the Great South water. The shore line runs due south here, to bound the narrow channel, on the other side of which is the Great South Beach. This channel broadens further eastward into East Bay, the territory of the Moriches. At Smith's Point on the peninsula south of Bellport it is quite possible to trace the remains of the breastworks of Fort St. George, a British stronghold of the Revolution. Brookhaven, two miles away east, the next station on the line, is a village of 350 people and two churches, deriving its importance from being in the midst of an excel- lent trouting region. Thecountryishoneycombed with little lakes, ponds and streams. At South Haven, a post office, a store and one rural church (Episco- pal) a mile away from Brookhaven sta.Ion, is located the exclusive Suffolk Club and its superb trout reserve. It has been said, and with some accuracy, that it needs a semi-millionaire to get his name put on the membership roll. The club is certainly a close little corporation. Its numbers less than thirty gen- 216 CITIZEN GUIDE. tlemen, Judge Pratt of Brooklyn being a prominent member. Its house and preserve are up on Carman's River, a mile from the bay, exactly the locahty where Henry Clay and Daniel Webster used to fish some years ago. This is one of the very best trouting localities in the United States; or rather it was, for it is getting somewhat fished out now, and the Suffolk Club has to stock carefully each year. They have acquired the best of the fishing rights, but there are three or four miles of free water with very fair sport stiU. The season in this part of the country is April ist to September ist. The Moriches commence four miles further on in a station by the name of Mastic. This was the old title given to the big peninsula bounded by Bellport Bay and Forge River. Farming lands are all about and the inland fishing continues good. There is farm house accommodation for about forty people. Mastic was for a time called Moriches and then Forge. Latterly, it has gone back to its old time name. Centre Moriches (station Moriches, Brooklyn 66)^ miles) is a genuine Summer colony down in the sands at the head of East Bay. Its permanent residents number only about 500, and they are farmers and baym en. In the Winter these people keep within their houses, in the Summer they are to be found serving the visitors. The view from Centre Moriches is a fine one and the scenery is of a much wilder character than is to be noticed in the Great South Bay. Wild ducks, geese, black ducks and brant abound^ and this is the beginning of the very choicest shooting of the island. Though hundreds of sportsmen go down here and to Shinnecock annually, these regions are not nearly so much shot over as those of the waters to the west. The soil is sandy in the extreme, and the roads are poor. Boats run across the bay to the beach, where there is good surf bathing. The settlement is a mile from the station, is marked by the fine Hotel Brooklyn (accommodation 300) and by Bishop's, an old road house and inn, celebrated for its fine dinners. Bishop is a gun- ner and fisherman born, and his house is a great headquarters for sports- men. Boarding houses are numerous and their capacity is a good 300. The coast is cut up with little inlets of shallow depth, making it a perfectly safe playground for children. For this reason Centre Moriches is admirably situated for youngsters. It boasts two churches, a Methodist and a Presby- terian. As the railroad sweeps on to Eastport, one gets an adequate glimpse of a little bay or cove opening from East Bay, with a big cluster of houses on its shore, prettily located and with an excellent view. That is East Moriches, and it is a drive of two miles and a half from the Centre Moriches station. East Moriches presents few different characteristics from its neighbor just described. It has no large hotels, but it accommodates about the same number of tourists. The boating and fishing are equally good. The town has more, perhaps, of the quaintness of East Long Island than those that have come before it. The native trees that marked it in Indian times and even a generation ago have all gone now and in their place are being cultivated young maples and oaks. At Eastport the South Shore railroad joins with that in the centre of the island by a spur to Manor- ville; Eastport is merely a junction. No town worth that name gathers itself about the tracks. It is a joining of rails out in the midst of a farming country, with its important industrj'^ the raising of ducks. There are capi- tal duck farms in Eastport, and they will well repay a visit. The town ac- commodates nearly 100 visitors in its farmhouses. The Long Islaad Country Club has a place here. THE ISLAND'S CENTRE. 211 Manorville, better known as Manor, is a junction in the pine woods, directly in the midst of a curious farming district. Staple products are not raised with success, as it is a region abounding in swamps, the most exten- sive of which, the old Indian Wampmissic, lies three miles west of the sta- tion. Peaches, strawberries and blackberries are cultivated with profit, however. Manor is historic, getting its name from having been included in Colonel Smith's patent of St. George's Manor, granted in 1693. The vil- lage was settled fully as early as that, and an interesting old church on the road to Baiting Hollow, which will repay the visit of the antiquarian, must date very nearly back to that. The Peconic River, flowing west from Pe- conic Bay, terminate just north of Manor in a succession of little ponds. Due west fror her the character of the country through the island's centre is unchanged in its main essentials for thirty miles. The roads with hardly an exception (save those immediately around Brentwood, north of Islip)'are sandy and hard travelling. The hills that form the island's " back- bone " taper off and get lower and lower the further east they go, till at Manor they are hardly discernible. Three or four miles north of the cen- tral railroad line from Manor up to Farmingdale there is good sport with the gun for such small game as squirrels, partridges, quail and rablDits. The further one gets from a station or a, village the better he will find the sport. No especial locality can be recommended, but it may be said in general that the further east one gets the less he is likely to encroach upon club preserves, which are very numerous and comprehensive in some sections. Yaphank is a peaceful little village, named after a creek and neck of land at South Haven, which is directly to the south of it. Its population is a trifle over 500, it is in the midst of the farming section above described, and its meadows are well stocked with smaU game. Its chief claim to no- tice rests upon its being the site of the county asylum, a remarkably well kept institution and a building noticeable from a distance. It is said to be the largest edifice in the county. Part of its space is devoted to the accom- modation of the county poor. Yaphank is over one hundred years old, and with historic memories. Medford, five miles further to the west on the railroad line, has but a house or two and no village. It is an excellent mel- on growing country and large quantities of this fruit are sent weekly to the markets. The hills to the north are known as Bald Hills. It has room through its farmhouses for some fifty boarders, while Yaphank can accommodate seventy. Holtsville, the postoffice for Waverly station, is a tiny hamlet a little further on, just north of Patchogue town. To the left, driving north, sweep the Dix Hills. From Waverly station as a centre, the traveller has a host of little ham- lets, none of any bummer importance, but all of interest, both north and west. West of Waverly some three miles and a half is Lake Ronkonkoma, the largest purely inland sheet of water on the island, a clear, beautifully banked pond, three miles in circumference, and by some curious, hidden law of nature overflowing its banks periodically. Oddly enough, there is no hotel on it, though the drive from the station is less than three miles. But this deficiency is made up by a doz n boarding houses taking in nearly 250 people. Its shores are lined as well with handsome Summer cottages, and the groves and shrubbery on the lake's borders make it a most romantic spot. Tne settlement is known as Lakeland. There are a number of ar- tisans near the station whose chief occupation is the making of cigar boxes. Central Islip beyond is chiefly noted for its being the site of the New York County Insane Asylum, The land was purchased in 1S84, and 218 CITIZEN GUIDE. over $300,000 has already been spent on it. Beyond this Central Islip has no especial point of attraction. The farming land is good, and the farm houses win hold about seventy visitors. Brentwood. — In the very heart of the pine region, where these trees grow most luxuriantly, a miniature Lakewood has been set. Two daintily appointed hotels, the Austral and the Brentwood, keep open house aU Winter for either the Summer traveler, pure and simple, the over-worked man who badly needs a rest, or the invalid with weak lungs. The balsam from the grove of pines is most soothing, even to robust people. The ridge of hills breaks the force of the north wind. The southern breezes come up warm and sunshiny to the hotel's very piazzas. A glass enclosed piazza, heated by steam when needful, has proved itself a valuable institution. The Austral accommodates 200 guests, the Brentwood about sixty. The latter house has an interesting history. It was erected as a private resi- dence in 1869 by Mr. R. W. Pearsall of New York, who had Olmsted, the designer of Central Park, lay out his grounds for him in English park style. The house was built on the lines of a French chateau with dainty panelings and inlaid floors. He, or rather Olmsted, laid out the pine forest with trees exactly five feet apart on the northern border to break the force of the wind. Just as the building was completed Mr. Pearsall died and the great house laid vacant until 1888, when a company experimented with their pine sanitarium upon it, a year later building the Austral in modern mode. The driving is excellent, the south shore being some four miles distant. Though the region is sandy the roads have been carefully worked over, and now any trap may traverse them with ease. Several old mansions and Summer cottages surround the " Park of Pines." Just east is Suffolk station and the grounds of the Suffolk Driving Park. To the east is Deer Park, accommodating about forty boarders on its farms. North of Waverly the driving is bad but the shooting good. Selden, on the road to Port Jefferson, is a small, undeveloped hamlet. Coram, until two years ago the town capital, Middle Island and Artists' Lake, over east near Yaphank, are places of the same relative importance. Hardly a house is to be seen on the drive across the island to the north until one strikes the outskirts of P^rt Jefferson, nor is it until the village is nearly reached that there is a glimpse to be had of the Sound. The view is the bush line to the horizon, monotonous perhaps, but not ungrateful to the eye. As Port Jef- ferson is approached the roads become better. They are largely of loam here, though once in a while a sandy district is reached. On the shore, over beyond Port Jefferson, to the east, is a long line of ]ittle places, entirely off the line of railroad communication — Mount Sinai, near which is Mount Misery, said to be the highest point on the island next to Harbor Hill (Roslyn), Miller's Place, where there is a large working girls' home managed by Miss Potter, the daughter of the bishop, Rocky Point, Wood- ville Landing and Wading River, the latter settled m 1671. Manorville is the nearest station to this little village, and Manorville is six miles distant. The Centre North Shore. With Port Jefferson a? a centre, the coast line to west and east is bold and clear. The land often comes down to the water's edge in bluffs and cliffs of imposing magnitude. From Port Jefferson to Long Island City, the whole north shore is cut up into great bays and harbors, peninsulas and necks. Easterly, the elevations gradually subside, till at Oyster Bay the Every experienced merchant knows that his first business letters were pretty poor stuff. The epistolary models he now dictates are the result of years of constant practice. Yet, because he does write perfect business com- munications, it by no means follows that he can write a good advertisement or circular. That is an art acquired after steady worli, only by those who have a special talent for it. It is money saved to employ an expert to do writing of this kind, as any merchant jnay prove, when next about to advertise or issue a circular, by applying to The R. Wayne Wilson Company, 23 Park Row, New York, tor the services of a skilled advertising writer. MLJIEDS^EYE VIEW PIANOS, &c.— PAPER— TYPE FOUNDRY— CARRIAGE WORKiS. PIANO » AND • MUSIC • STORE, 300 FULTON STREET, BROOKLYN. THE very LARGEST STOCK of PIANOS of many makers in Brook- lyn, of all prices, from the most expensive to the CHEAPEST, Chickering, Ivers and Pond, J. & C. Fischers, and many others. Every Piano guaranteed to be as represented. Also, the most COMPLETE AIVD MOST CAREFULLY SELECTED STOCK OF SHEET MUSIC. C^" Orders by mail will receive the most prompt and careful attention. ,^^ GEO. H. SIMPSON, """„'nr.e;L Paper, Card Board, and Cut Cards, ^ No. 194 WILLIAM STREET, New York. WALKER &, BRESNAN, Type Founders & Printers' Supplies 201, 203 AND 205 William Stkeet, New York. Brass Rule, Brass Galleys, Metal Furniture, Quotations and Leads, Cabinets, Cases, Stands, Etc Type from any Foundry in the United States. Boxwood for Engravers' Use. DONIGAN & NIELSON, 745 to 749 THIRD AVENUE, Telephone : 172 South. Near 25tli Street. All kinds of CARRIAGES, Farmer and Business WAGONS Made and Repaired, Painted and Trimmed in the Neatest Manner. THE ISLAND'S CENTRE. 219 coast line is very nearly flat. But at Port Jefferson the inequalities and ab- ruptness of the country are to be seen in all their beauty. The town of Port Jefferson lies in a hollow. The railroad terminates on a broad plateau of farm lands, a mile from the centre of the town. Thence the way lies down a steep hill, bordered by great cliffs. The main street, with quaint old buildings on either hand, ends abruptly in a big wharf, from which a superb view of the harbor is to be had. This harbor is Port Jefferson's pride. Years ago, when she was a whaling town of prominence, the harbor sheltered ship after ship, and gained the name of being one of the best on the coast. Its whaling glory is long since departed, but the ship yards of old still continue. It is true that of late years there have been few vessels of the American merchant marine built. But Port Jefferson has had her share of repairing and occasionally blocking out a new coaster. The four yards of the town are no more idle to-day, at any rate, than they were in "whale times," when eight and ten new vessels would be on the stocks at once. The harbor is perfectly landlocked. Nature made it almost exactly what man desired, and the addition of a breakwater or two has given it extra commercial value. It is one mile wide by two long. A steamer runs every day in Summer and every other day in Winter to Bridgeport, Con- necticut, where the villagers do the most of their shopping. There is also steamboat communication with New York. The town's industries are a steam flour mill with a capacity of loo barrels a day, two large lumberyards, and a moulding and planing miU. There were two shoe factories, but they have gone out of business. Except for its shipyards, it is a sleepy old town. Until 1 873, when the present branch line was built, the village was out of the world, and only connected with the inland by stages from Waverly station, ten miles away. Yet it went through its days of mercantile triumphs, off on a remote corner of the coast, brought into touch with the cities by the frequent callings of the big ships. The ship-building industry was started in 1797. Previous to the es- tablishment of the first yard the village had but five houses, and its only importance was as a landing from which cord wood was taken by the small Sound sloops to the New York market. Some old landmarks still remain, in the Roe house (100 years old) and in bits of the ship yards, old htdls and frames. Port Jefferson's days of usefulness are not passed, though she does not show her activity. In a business way the town is quiet. Socially it is very active. There are five churches, "Athena Hall," with an audi- torium capable of holding 1,000 people, in which traveling companies fre- quently play and lecturers hold forth. The village has been educated up to amusements and has two dramatic associations of its own, the Pastime and the Ladies' Literary. The Young Men's Social Club gives frequent dances during the winter in Athena Hall. Out of doors sports are rather neglected, tennis and base ball having fallen into disuse. There is, how- ever, a fine race course in the Gentlemen's Driving Park, a mile out of the town. The farmers near by find their best profits in raising straw- berries for the early markets. The views from the cliff tops, particularly that from Cedar Hill Cemetery, show a fine expanse of the Sound and the Connecticut shore. There are no large hotels, but the many inns and boarding houses take about 350 people. Port Jefferson is in the hollow, Setauket on the cliffs overlooking it. This little town has. the honor of being, next to Southold, the oldest place in the county. It was settled in 1646, and a house that they say was built 220 CITIZEN GUIDE. in that year is now inhabited and seemingly little changed. A band of Puritans founded the town, and immediately built themselves a meeting house. This stood until 1812, and was then, unfortuately, torn down. Better luck has attended the old Episcopal chturch, in use to-day, though it was buUt before Revolutionary days. There are several residences of this period and of colonial type standing in the village. Of the old Episco- pal church the story is told that the Hessians used it as a barracks during the war. Setauket is one mile from the Sound, and two and a half from Port Jefferson. It is divided into two centres — East and West Setauket. A broad field lies in between. This was once known as the " Green;" it is here the quaint old village cemetery is, and here that the first settlement was made. Setauket is on a big and broad neck of land, and gets an ex- cellent Sound view. The village is one mile from the depot. It has an important industry in a big rubber factory of five to six hundred operatives. The balance of the population of 1,000 are farmers and storekeepers. There is room for 150 visitors, and two churches are in the place. Stony Brook, the next village to the west, has a good harbor of its own at the extreme end of Smithtown Bay. It was called by the Indians " Wopowog." and immense quantities of shells have been found in the neighborhood, indi- cating that it was a favorite native resort. It boasts of three churches, a lumber yard, and accommodation for fifty people. Nearly all of the village is within a mile of the railroad. There is good sport with rod and gun roundabout. St. James is more especially a farming district, its soil being rich and fertile. It lies three miles east of Smithtown Branch, at the head of Stony Brook Harbor, and has about 150 inhabitants and two churches. Though an old town, its historic interest is not marked. Its boarding houses take about seventy people. Smithtown. — There are two parts to this scattering farmers' village, Smithtown and Smithtown Branch. Each has its own postoffice and stores. Together they only number eight hundred inhabitants, and little provision is made for people from the outside world. The Nissequogue River, with excellent trouting along its banks, and oysters, clams and eels as well, can bring scows up to the "bridge," four miles from the Sound, and quite sizable vessels can come up two miles. The whole township of Smithtown is a beautiful stretch of farming country, always peaceful, and with a soil hardly to be bettered. The two little villages mentioned are almost entirely inhabited by Smiths. The most noted member of the family is James Clinch Smith, one of the Stewart heirs. An interesting Smith tradition is that Richard Smith, in 1663, was offered by the Indians all the land he could ride around on the back of a bull in a single day. He immediately started through the underbrush, and in this way laid out the boundaries of his great estate. Whether this tradition is true or not, it is certain that his descendants are called the Bull-Smiths even to-day to distinguish them from other members of the Smith family. The old town has many interesting bits of history, and the records of the Town Clerk's office are well worth careful reading. Several ancient buildings with histories attached to them are shown, among them a house in v/hich General Washington dined. A mile away from the railroad station is located the shooting and trout preserve of the Wyandance (formerly the Brooklyn Gun Club), in- cluding two or three well-stocked trout ponds and the shooting rights over 10,000 acres. The natives say they have so monopolized the sport that nine chances to one, if a squirrel or a bird is scared, he will be on the club's preserve before a rifle can be brought to bear. THE ISLAND'S CENTRE. 221 Comae is a little village six or seven miles to the west, with a large training stable; Hauppauge and Nissaquogue, tiny hamlets to the south and the north. To the northwest, a distance of four miles, is St. Johnland, or Kings Park, the seat of two great eleemosynary institutions. One of these is the St. Johnland Home, providing for the care of crippled and destitute children and indigent and feeble old men. The Home is under the care of the Episcopal Church. The other institution (by far the larger and more important) is the Kings County Farm for the insane and a portion of the county paupers. A beautiful locality has been selected for its site. There is no better view of the Sound anywhere along the coast. The hills on which the many buildings stand — almost a little city by themselves — slope gently down to the meadows, and the little valley of the Nissaquogue shows itself in a pretty panorama. Nearly $3,000,000 has been expended up to this time, and the colony is not nearly complete. About 1,300 patients are usu- ally quartered there. The shore road to Northport winds in and out, af- fording picturesque glimpses of the Sound. The brick yards of Fresh Pond are passed on the way, the little settlement of Sunk Meadow and the stock farm of Breeze Hill. NoRTuroRT is indebted to its magnificent harbor for the position it holds among the Long Island towns. Good sized boats can come up to the dock at low tide. This harbor opens into Northport Bay, or Cow Harbor accord- ing to the old nomenclature, six miles long and four wide. Northport Bay in its turn opens into Huntington Bay which lets out into the Sound. This system of waterways makes an unequalled anchorage for all sorts of craft. It is no wonder that nearly 100 sail is often seen at one time abreast the little town, nor that when there were sailing vessels to build Northport should have taken such a prominent part in their making. Vessels as large as eight hundred tons were turned out on the Northport stocks late in the sixties, and then there were five sets of marine railways. Even now the yard or so that remains is kept busy repairing and turning out small craft. Coasting vessels frequently call in, there are a large number of pleasure boats belonging to the town, and the great yacht clubs out on cruises often bring their fleets into the harbor. Northport is distinctively an aquatic town, and it is her sailing facilities that draw the three to four hun- dred visitors that come for the Summer months. Across the harbor, on the east beach of Eaton's Neck, there is good bathing, and bluefish are to be caught in great plenty. The village is well situated, its finest residences being on bluffs to either side, overlooking the bay, its main street, wide and wellgjaded extending back from the water front. Its population is 2,500, its commercial interests, now that ship building has degenerated, are oystering, agriculture, and a planing and moulding mill. It is a good deal of a printing town, there being two newspapers and a law book publishing firm, the latter concern having 100 employees. A yachtsman's magazine, " Modem Yachts and Yachting," a monthly publication, has recently been established by Captain E. S. Lewis, a well known resident of the town. Northport possesses four churches, that of the Episcopalians being an especially artistic and quaint edifice of natural wood shingles, weather beaten in stain, and wooden doors with black markings cunningly put on to imitate iron work. There is also the Young Men's Guild, which is conducted on the lines of a regular club and has its rooms, a dramatic organization of a good deal of ability, an auditorium seating 600, " Union Hill," and base ball and tennis clubs, par- ticularly active when the town is crowded with Summer visitors. The vil- 222 CITIZEN GUIDE. lage is an active one socially, and is regaining its old glory in other fields. It is still lit with oil, but water works are about to be put in. A granite monument in the square in front of the Presbyterian church at the end of the main street is a striking feature of the village. It has a furled flag cut in bas relief in the depressed front of the column, and bears these words : "Erected to the memory of our brave fellow townsmen who died fight- ing for the preservation of our Union." " The wounds of civil war are deeply cut." The monument was erected m 1880 and unveiled on July 4. The Port Jefferson railroad once made its terminus at Northport. When it was extended, the surveyors established a station two miles further inland and ran the road due east from there. The last two mUes of the old Northport railway were thus made a spur of the main road. Of recent years this spur has fallen into disuse, and there is a two mile drive into the village. East Northport has a farming population of 200 and a station of its own. Elwood is a rural town of the same size two miles south of Northport. Greenlawn, two miles nearer Brooklyn, is merely the depot for Centreport, alsocaUed Laurelton, a pretty watering place two miles north of it on Centreport harbor, an arm of Huntington Bay, separated from Northport harbor by Little Neck. Centreport is as well placed as Northport for scenery and pure air, and can take over 400 boarders. There is no large hotel, but a number of pretty cottages. A brisk drive of five miles from Northport, due east, over a rolling country and roads excellent for the most part, brings the tourist to the lit- tle city of the north shore, Huntington, which has a population of over 3,000, and all the appurtenances and characteristics of a thriving, money making town. It is only thirty-eight miles from Brooklyn, and is ad- vantageously placed at the head of a practical harbor overlooking the beautiful Huntington Bay. The main street of the village is one mile distant from the harbor's head and a mile and five-eighths from the depot. A horse car railroad, running evenings as well as during the day, affords communication between depot and harbor. The lands of West Neck, Lloyd's Neck and East Neck, immediately fronting on the bay, have had many hand- some residences placed on them within the past two years, notable among which is that of J. Rogers Maxwell, of Brooklyn, surrounded by a park 100 acres in extent. Both the harbor and the baj'- are kept well filled with pleasure craft from May to October. At the head of the village street there stands the Public Library of rougl:. hewed grey stone, a memorial to the Huntington Volunteers of the RebelUon. It is a building of great archi- tectural beauty, and its cost was $9,000. Within is a beautifully colored room with an onyx fireplace, and a well selected set of books. The read- ing and reference room is free; to carry books away one must pay a small sum. Back of the library is the old Huntington cemetery, with a fine view of the surrounding region. In it can be seen the remains of a British forti- fication, a well defined mound. The tradition is that the English soldiers held this place and baked bread on the tombstones. Certain of these stones date away back to the seventeenth century. The old slate stone is to be found here with its device of winged devils. They say the ground has been used for burial three times over. Other landmarks are the Silas Wood house, built over 200 years ago, and the First Presbyterian church, that on the hill, as the town is approached from the east. Here the British stabled their horses in the days of '76. THE ISLAND'S CENTRE. 223 Besides the First Presbyterian there are seven churches in Huntington. An institution that has met with great success is the People's Room and Gymnasiiim, where coffee is served and there are pool tables. This was built in opposition to the saloon element by a minister of the village. It is managed by a committee of women from the various churches. The Huntington school has 500 scholars and seventeen teachers. It is of "Regents' standing," occupying the leading position on Long Island as regards the disposition of these funds. The Opera House seats 1,000 people. Nearly all of the village society is under the auspices of the Huntington Social Club, which is pleasantly located in the centre of the town, with attractive rooms, has fifty members and is five years old. It gives entertainments every fortnight and frequent dances. There is no or- ganized athletic interest, but in its place a rifle club, 25 strong, with month- ly shoots for club badges, a local mmstrel troupe, the Suffolks of Hunting- ton, a ball nine that once beat the Cuban Giants (4-3), and a small tennis club. The village prides itself on horseflesh and there are many fast trot- ters on the nearby roads. The Long Island Live Stock Fair Association has grounds and a mile track a quarter of a mile south of the depot, and fairs are held twice a year. Last Fall the record of the track was broken by "David Jones, "a local trotter, owned by David Jones, time 2:17. The steamer Huntington makes five trips a week to New York during the Summer season (pier at Pike Slip) and one trip a week to South Norwalk, Conn. Both freight and passengers are carried, the farmers shipping large quantities of produce. The village's industries are a ship yard for repairing, four carriage factories, two printing establishrnents, a large publishing firm and a canning establishment near the depot. The ruins of an ancient tide mill stand at the head of the harbor. A water works sv'stem deriving its supply for driven wells has just been put into operation. The Lloyd Point lighthouse marks the entrance to the bay. There is good fishing both inside and outside. The town's accommodation for visitors is small in proportion to its size — less than 200. Cold Spring, on Cold Spring Harbor, two miles to the west, is another of the old whaling towns. Since that marine industry has fallen into de- cadence Cold Spring has lost its hold as a town of affairs. It has given up the paper and the woolen mills that were a feature of its life not so many years ago, and settled down to a quiet country life. Cold Spring Harbor is a superb sheet of water, in which the Great Eastern could have turned around, had she chosen. It is seven miles long and one wide at its head. On the hill-side to the north, overlooking the bay, are a number of fine residences. A mill of the turbine wheel variety that has stood at the head of the harbor for 200 years is still grinding and can turn out 200 bushels of grain weekly. The permanent population of Cold Spring is small, for there is no village to speak of. Summer visitors come to the hotels and boarding houses to the number of nearly 800. Oysters are plentiful, the fishing is beyond reproach. The cluster of hotels is some three miles from the station. On the east side of the harbor is the State Fish Hatchery, established in 1882. It has very complete buildings, an admirable biological laboratory fitted up by that department of the Brook- lyn Institute, and with courses of study mapped out by them, and is always open to the inspection of visitors. This past Winter 250,000 trout were hatched, and this Spring 16,000,000 tom cod, 10,000,000 smelts and 75,000 salmon. The Summer's work will be on shad and weak fish. Mr. Freder- ick Mather is the superintendent in charge. Near by are the picnicking 234 CITIZEN GUIDE. grounds of Laurelton to which excursion steamers run from New York. Inland on the way to Hicksville, where the branch joins the main line, are Syosset, Locust Grove and Jericho — all little farming towns and with accommodations for a few summer visitors in their farm houses. Jericho is not on the railroad. It is best reached from Hicksville by a drive two miles to the north. The latter village is a quiet unpretentious town in the midst of farms (poptdation i,8oo) with a Summer capacity for at least loo guests. THE EASTERN ENID. 'he Hamptons and the Beaches to Montauk Point — Great and Little Peccnic Bays — Shelter lisland and Gardiner's Bay — Historic Land- marks and Episodes, Ear.t of a line draw:i in a northerly direction from the quaint little vil- lage of liiastport to the Sound lies that portion of Long Island that has grown most in the last few years in the favor of Summer tourists and builders of seaside homes. Here are the historic Hamptons, rich in tradi- tionary lore, and the old town of Sag Harbor, second in interest, in beauty of location and in the sort of charm that is lent bj^ antiquity, to none on the island; here also is Shelter Island, famous as a home for fash- ionable people, and Gardiner's Island, granted by the Crown of England in 1639 to Lion Gardiner, whose bones he beneath an old granite sarcophagus in its little graveyard, and whose descendants sttll hold the island and occupy the baronial mansion that overlooks the blue water of Peconic Bay near its western end. In its historical associations no other part of this most inter- esting island surpasses its eastern end. The town of Southold, on the northerly prong of the lobster claw into which, as has been fancifully said, this part of Long Island shapes itself, and tlfe toAvn of Southampton, on the southerly prong, both claim the honor of the oldest settlement; in fact they were both settled about the same time, in the year 1640. Lion Gardiner was then exercising his right of sovereignty upon his own little island and had probably alreadj^ made many excursions to the mainland south of him, where he afterward founded the town of East Hampton, in whose shaded main street h'is marble effigy still says to Summer toxirists "Memento Mori." The Dutch had already settled the western end of the island and clai;ncd to own the whole of it, though the Algonquins probably laughed at their title. English colonists from Massachusetts Lay had attempted t > take possession of some of the valuable farming and woodlands as far east as North Oyster Bay in 1639, and their attempted settlement was prevented by the Dutch Government of New Amsterdam. In 1640 a band of settlers from the mainland of what is now Connecticut effected a landing on the north shore of Peconic Bay at a little place (chiefly associated in the minds of modern Long Island tourists with temperance drinks and swimming baths) called North Sea, and from there vv'orked their way southward and founded the village of Southampton about a mile east of the centre of the present village. At the same time Southold was settled in the same way by another band of adventurers, who brought their families and household goods across the Sound in boats. The two townships named from tliese settlements, with RiverUead wd Easthampton, occupy the wholQ eastern end of Long Island. 226 ' CITIZEN GUIDE. The charm of this country — with its miles upon miles of flat, sandy but not arid meadow land, its profusion 'of scrub oak and dwarf pine, its many acres of coarse grasses in which the stunted bay tree with its vivid green leaves thrives and forms the only contrast in color to the duU reds and grays, its salt marshes, its gi'eat variety of wild flowers, its plentiful supply of game of many kinds, its brackish bays and their inlets, its miles of ocean beach, its sand dunes upon which the hardy grasses ever wave to and fro in the fresh ocean breezes, its windmills that remind the traveler of Holland, its old mansions, its well kept roads — is not quickly felt by the stranger. One has to become gradually accustomed to Eastern Long Island before he can appreciate its beauty. There is not a more healthful country in the world than this part of Long Island. • From Eastport to Montauk Point no one has ever heard of a case of malaria. For the sportsman, whether he prefers the rod and fly or the shot gun; for the swimmer, whether he pre- fers to disport himself in the still water of the inland bay or to boisterous- ly battle with the ocean waves; for the botanist, who will find in the flora of this neighborhood a perpetual delight; for the horseman, for the bicj^clist or for*the mere lounger, it is a veritable paradise. The artists have seized upon this end of the island and have done their best to make its beauties known to the world, and from Amagansett westward to Speonk and from Orient Point westward to Cutchogue and Jamesport, they have established themselves. Fashion has planted herself firmly in this part of the island. Newport itself is not gayer or more exclusive than that part of Southhamp- ton that borders on the lake. On the dark, cool, pleasant street of old East- hampton one passes descendants of the original Gardiner of Gardiner's Is- land and other folks whose blood is as blue and whose pedigree as distin- guished, while in the newer part of the town, bordering on the Atlantic, the cottages will compare favorably in architectural beauty with those at re- sorts more frequently mentioned in the "society columns." Easthamptoii, to tell the truth, scorns the "sdbiety columns." It lies far away from th'. railroad, and its residents want to hear of no nearer approach by Mr. Cor- bin's iron horses. They keep their own carriages and drive to and from Bridgehampton or Sag Harbor. They are nothing if not exclusive. Boating and Shooting. For the amateur sailor this part of the island also has unsurpassable advantages. The East Bay is shallow, but broad, and the sloops and cat-boats upon it are as trimly built and swift sailing as anyone sees in the harbor cf Patchogue. Shinnecock Bay is a body of water almost as large, and through Shinnecock Inlet, when it is open, one may sail if he choose out into the ocean. At Southhampton they sail on the deep, fresh water lake, and two miles further east, on Mecox Bay, the craft are small, but the sailing is good, as it is also on Georgica Lake at Wainscott, But the true sailor-man prefers the places that border on Peconic Bay or Gardiner's Bay, where the water is deep and the craft are sturdy and sailing in a gale is sailing with a vengeance. The game laws of Long Island differ somewhat from the regular State laws. Wild ducks, geese and brant are plentiful along the shores of the bays, and they may be shot anytime between October ist and April 30th. Quail are abundant and the season is open from November ist to December 31st; Hares and rabbits may be shot from November ist to February ist; Woodcock from August liit to December 31st, and the shore birds, such as snipe, plover, et9,j from July loth ^9 December -^ist, Th.§ 5§aS<^U 'f'^r THE EASTERN END. 327 rotins, WacTc Thirds and meadow larks is from Novem'ber ist to December 31st. Song birds can never be legally shot, and the laws prohibit all shoot- ing, hunting and trapping on Sunday and shooting wild fowl on any waters between sunset and daylight by the aid of lights or lanterns. Eastport is a village of permanent residents. Of course, no accurate estimate can be made of the Summer population of this or any other Long Island town. There are hotels in the place, and almost every other person takes boarders in the Summer. There are some handsome cottages, occupied by city folks in the warm weather, and the Long Island Sportsmen's Club, an association of New York gentlemen, formed for the purpose of propagat- ing and preserving quail and other game, is comfortably situated here, its preserves covering many acres of wild woodland and marsh. Eastport itself is a sleepy, old fashioned little place whose very appearance delights the tired wayfarer from town. Around its post office and stores one meets retired whalers and other seafaring men to know whom is a privilege. The village straggles along the shore of Eastport Creek. The Summer residents take their sea baths on the beach two miles across East Bay. At Eastport the branch of the main line of the Long Island Railroad from Manorville connects with the Sag Harbor road. Speo.nk is a still smaller hamlet nestling close to the shore of East Bay. The woodland here runs quite to the edge of the water and the place is very picturesque, though generally overlooked by the Summer tourists. Speonk, indeed, deserves to be better known. It is nearer to the ocean beach than Eastport and the sail over for the morning bath is made very quickly. There are a number of very fine Summer cottages at Speonk, and one of the interesting sights of the place is an enormous duck farm where ducks are raised by the thovisand for the New York market. There is no other similar farm on Long Island as large as this; perhaps it is not equalled any- where else. The regular population of Speonk does not exceed 225, but the railroad station is an important one, because it is convenient to a large tract of country which is much frequented by city folks in Smnmer. The Hamptons. "Westhampton. — This first of the Hamptons covers a large territory and includes many hamlets which are all, correctly speaking, a part of the same village. Westhampton proper is a straggling village of 400 inhab- itants and adjoins Speonk on the east. It is an exceedingly picturesque place. The roads wind in and out of groves of stately trees, through meadows bright with many colored grasses, and the land rolls and swells even near the shore of the bay. Westhampton was settled in the latter part of the 17th centurv, so that it has a history, and while there are few relics in existence, probably, of its first settlement, there are houses whose antique appearance causes the stranger to pause and view them with re- spectful interest. Many of the farmers here have inherited their large estates from remote ancestors. The Ransom Jagger estate of some 300 acres, extending at some points all the way frnm the railroad to the bay, is one of the most interesting places in the neighborhood. Summer boarders are accommodated in the old farm house, whose broad piazza looks through a clearing in the original forest over well-cultivated meadows toward the ocean and the adjoining cottages. The wood-path, winding beneath stately maples and oaks and pine, through salt marsh lands, and bordered by marshmallow bushes, fragfrant wild azalea and tall swamp lilies, covered io ^arly summer hy tlj« trailing arbutus, d^?rv9§ to b§ described by a poet 228 CITIZEN GUIDE. and certainly offers to the painter a perfect bewildernKfnt of "studies." The well known house of Charles Raynor, situated on Pawcuck Point, right on the shore of the bay, where all the breezes strike it, in sight of the ocean surf and to the south of the distant cottages at Westhampton beach, is a neighboring hostelry, while north of it along the shore of Beaver Dam Creek, a pictiyesque little estuary, there are other summer boarding houses. There is a settlement at Beaver Dam, where an old grist mill overlooks the lily pads, and a few old houses cluster around it, which is credited in the census with 60 inhabitants. There are more than that in the grave yard near by where the founders of Westhampton lie in peace. But, after all, the fame of Westhampton proper in the minds of Sum- mer tourists is most closely associated with Oneck Point, approached from the main road through a natural arch of trees which has inspired painters and which every successive Summer grows in favor with the amateur photographer. Through this archway one reaches the plain, white, trim, weU- ordered Oneck House. This is a superior Summer hotel, frequented by the families of city men of means. Its cottages look like private houses. Mr. Halsey, the owner of Oneck Point, controls all the game privileges in this part of Westhampton, and sportsmen in the shooting season frequent his house. There are many fine cottages in Westhampton proper, but to see cottages one must go a mile further eastward to that exclusive settlement, though a part of the same village, known now as Westhampton Beach. Here the Summer residents have a post office of their own, and as they are right at the easterly end of East Bay, they can drive or walk to the surf. General John A. Dix was one of the earliest Summer residents of this place. He built a handsome cottage on the old Dix farm near the ocean, which is a sightly landmark as far west as Moriches, and is always in the view of the cottagers at Quogue to the east. There is a tablet to the memory of General Dix in the little Union Chapel at Westhampton Beach, and his son, the Rev. Dr. Morgan Dix, rector of Trinity Parish in New York, fre- quently conducts the services there Summer Svindsy mornings when the Protestant Episcopalians use the chapel. There are sopermanent residents in and about Oneck and the census attributes 350 to "Westhampton Beach. Prof. Chandler is one of the residents of Westhampton Beach, and his red cottage and the adjoining laboratory stand on the left hand side of the main road in the centre of the settlement. There are three well appointed hotels and a few boarding houses, but the cottager rules here. Still further east thei'e is yet another settlement which belongs to West- hampton village, though distinct in itself and exclusive to a degree. This is the Presbyterian hamlet called Quogue, with a Summer population of 100, whose cottages cluster in the forest around a pretty church with shingled walls. Westhampton has another Presbyterian church, and Methodist Episcopal and Roman Catholic churches as well. There is communication by stage through the pine woods and wastes of scrub oak with Riverhead. Quogue is approached from the west by carriage by a bridge across Quantic Bay, a small body of water which is connected by a narrow canal with the water of East Bay, and by the same means with Shinnecock Bay, further east. Quogue has 275 permanent inhabitants, but its Summer pop- ulation is more than ten times that number. It is one of the oldest settle- ments in the township of Southampton, and is only a few years younger than Southampton village itself, so that it is rich in historical associations. But in appearance the village is distinctly modern. The eye first rests upon the l?ea,utiful Colgate Cottage, with its outlying Ijuildiugs, m^ next upoa THE EASTERN END. g2§ the pretty little shingled church used by the cottagers. The main road ruuning parallel with the ocean, is lined by handsome modern summer res- idences surrounded by well-trimmed lawns and flower gardens. The Qaogue House, a famous Long Island hotel, is at the end of this road, and there are others of equal capacity in the village, which, of course, has its share of boarding houses. The bathing beach at Quogue is particularly well supplied with appliances for the comfort and convenience of bathers, and with life-saving machinery. Two miles east of Quogue one passes through the hamlet called Atlan- ticville, at the head of Shinnecock Bay. Atlanticville is not on the railroad, and It has but 325 inhabitants, mostly Summer residents only. Its perma- nent residents are either small farmers or fishermen, or both. It is a most picturesque spot, however, and is worthy the inspection of people looking for a cool water-side resort in Summer. AH this neighborhood is associated with memories of De Witt Clinton, Daniel Webster, and other distinguished statesmen of a bygone age. Back from the ocean, near Quogue, are many streams that used to be sought for by trout fishermen. In their leisure hours these great men of the past went fishing here and took their friends. A stage from Riverhead runs to Quogue and Atlanticville. Good Ground (Bay Head). — Good Ground is the old Indian name for the next settlement, going eastward. The railroad station is now called Bay Head. The population of this extensive settlement is about S25 the year round. It abounds in comfortable, well-kept boarding houses, some of which are on the shore of Peconic Bay, while others front Shinnecock Bay. These two bodies of water are at this point very close together. In- deed, at Canoe Place, a mile farther on, both bays are connected by a short canal, built by the State Government, so that the waters of the bays may mingle and improve the fishing, and especially to increase the value of the clam beds. The view at Canoe Place is magnificent. Going eastward, one has directly at his left hand the wide expanse of Peconic Bay, and at his right hand the blue waters of Shinnecock Bay, with the furze-covered Shin- necock Hills in front of him, and not far away, beyond the sand dunes, the ocean surf breaking on the beach. Here, at Canoe Place, is one of the old- est inns in the State of New. York. The tradition is that it was built by one Jeremiah Culver, in the year 1735. In front of it are two willow trees grown from sprouts brought from the Island of St. Helena, and a tall flagpole which has at its base a big wooden figure-head representing Hercules, taken from an old war vessel. This is really a beautiful specimen of wood-carv^- ing, and of value as a relic. Canoe Place is rich in tradition. British offi- cers frequented the tavern in Revolutionary daj^s. There is a monument near-by erected early in the century to the memory of the Rev. Paul Cuffee, the last of the Indian preachers, and the little church in which he used to preach is not far distant. There is, also, not far from the inn, the ruin of an old fort used by the British in 1776. Perhaps, however, Canoe Place is rnost famous, now-a-days, as the place where John L. Sullivan trained for his unfortunate encounter with Corbett. At Ponquogrie, a point jutting out in Shinnecock Bay, stands one of the best-known lighthouses on the whole Long Island coast. South of Good Ground, and between it and Pon- quogue, is a little hamlet called Springville, and north of Good Ground, on the shore of Peconic Bay, are Squiretown (a very small hamlet), and South- port, which has a Winter population of 50, but is growing in favor as a Sum- mer resort, especially with people fond of boating. At Good Ground there is a regularly-established Methodist Episcopal Church, but members of other 230 CITIZEN GUIDE. denominations have plenty of churches near at hand in other settlements. Good Ground, or Bay Head, has grown greatly in the favor of cottagers lately, and, especially near Shinnecock Bay, there are many handsome modern villas. Shinnecock Hills. — Cross the canal and you are among the Shinne- cock Hills. A few years ago all this neighborhood was regarded as waste land or fit only for cattle gi-azing. The early settlers bought large tracts of the land from the Indians with such trifles as barrels of rum and old guns and beads for grazing ground. Probably the artists were the first to dis- cover the strange beauty of these rolling hills situated close to the ocean and between two large bays, so that in spite of the lack of shade there are cool breezes on the hottest Summer days. Shinnecock Hills is noted to-day as a place of resort for wealthy New Yorkers. Their villas dot the landscape on either side of the railroad tracks. The inn nesthng on a side hiU right over Shinnecock Bay, so that its gables and chimneys only can be seen from the picturesque railroad station, is frequented chiefly by persons of means. But after all, the most interesting settlements in the Shinnecock region are the artists' colony, east of the fashionable settlement, and the Indian village on Shinnecock Neck, which extends well out into the waters of the bay. Here dwell, indeed, the original aristocrats of Long Island. Some of the farmers and fishermen of Suffolk County can trace their an- cestry clear back to 1640, but then the pedigrees are lost in fog. "Who knows how far back these descendants of aboriginal princes and chieftains can trace their line ? They are to-day a meek, hard working people, in number perhaps 100, who, though they do not indulge in resentment, remember keenly that ^ley or their ancestors once owned aU the territory that modern capital has beautified and made into a dwelling place. In the artists' colony there is a Summer school of drawing and painting which is largely attended, and which it is quite the thing to visit on reception days. William M. Chase, whose own summer residence, a house worthy of an original artist, is at the western end of the Shinnecock settlement, conducts the school, and Rosina Emmet Sherwood teaches there, also with other painters of national repute. It is not an uncommon sight in driving over the well kept roads to encounter a group of artists and students each under his or her individual white umbrella painting from nature. Painting out of doors is the artists' employment on Long Island now-a-days. Very few of them use their studios except for finishing touches on rainy days. Mr. Chase has a studio, of course, in his commodious house, and his weekly receptions there are largely attended by the cottagers from the Hills and from Southampton. The architects who designed the Summer residences among these Hills gave a wide play to their fancy. The old windmill, known technically as the smock mill, from the curious shape of the structure holding the fans, being largely in use in the eastern end of Long Island, the architects in some cases seized upon that design and ttsed it felicitously. The Golf Club House is a building of particular beauty. From its upper story a full view IS obtained of the Golf grounds, which extend for three miles and a half east and west. The game of Golf, lately imported from Scotland, is m high favor here, and most of the summer residents, male and female, belong to the club. There is a little church among the Hills, architecturally m keeping ^vith the other buiHinsrs. All this land was purchased by the Long Island Improvement Company, butthe best portion of it is now owned by the Inn and Cottage Company, all New Yorkers. Roads have been built, the underbrush cleared away, grass seed sown, and flowers planted, FINE WORK-DENTIST— CIGARS-BLANK BOOKS. LONG ISLAND^IRE AND 349 Adams Street, Near City Hall, Telephone 1 086, Brooklyn. ^roolaLlyxaL, 3M- "V. J. NORWOOD & SON, Manufacturers of Iron, Wire and Brass Work, SUITABLE FOK BANKS, OFFICES, STOKES, DWELLINGS, CHURCHES, Etc. Coal and Mortar Screens, Wire and Wrought Iron Stall Guards, ain. other Stable Fixtures, Stoop Gates, Fire Escapes, Railings and BluMits' Iron \Vork in general; Brass Hand Rails, Grills, etc. Manufacturers of the llostwtcU Patent Foldiua: and Extension Gates and Guards, made of Steel or Brass. Sole Proprietors and Manufacturers of The Nor-wood Patent 8and Screen, the Best and Cheapest Screen in the market. ^i '^i beNTISTRY > > In all its branches. Excelsior sets of teeth $6.00. Superior sets $10.00 and $15.00. including extraction. Gas administered. DR. E. B. WIGHT, 179 Grand Street, three doors above Bedford Avenue, BROOKLYN, E. D. ESTABLISHED 187S. The "SEYMOUR CLUB" CIGAR. Hand-made and Havana tobacco. The leading 10 cent cigar on the market. IT CANNOT BE BEAT ! " ROBIN HOOD CIGAR." Combination of the Best tobacco grown, which makes it the Best 5 cent cigar in Brooklyn. A trial will convince. E. A. HATHAWAY, Manufacturer, 149 GRAND STKKET, BKOOKLYN. The trade supplied. Orders by mail promptly attended to. Cigars from $15 per M. JOHN CASSIDY, BLANK BOOK MANUFACTURER, &c. Paper Ruling, Paging, Numbering. Perforating, Puncliing. Eyeletting, &c. Magazine, Sheet Music and all kinds of Books bound to order. New York Agent for sewing the Philadelphia Pat- ent H'lat Opening Book, « iiiih received a MuUal at the American Institute Fair, Dec. 10, 1892. WORK DONE FOR THE TRADE Speciai, Low Prices to PRINTERS, STATIONERS, and BOOKBINDERS. ESTIMATES CHEERFULLY GIVEN. JOHN CASSIDY, 221, 223 & 225 Fulton Street, New York City. , BIROS=EYE VEEV/ OF \ " z3 ^ f z o < Q \ -J ^ CO D A — 1 X (.0 u :^ o o UCl ISLASn^. The Brooklyn Citizen. It was once said by a writer that if he were permitted to write the songs of the people he cared not who made the laws. He rightly believed that the people could be swayed and governed more easily through their songs than by their laws. But a greater and more potent agency exists to- day, however, than the folk songs. It is the people's newspaper, such as The Citizen has become. The Brooklyn Citizen is, above all else, the people's Home Paper, just as Brooklyn is the City of Homes. Because The Citizen is the home paper, it is also the paper of the schools, the churches, the fraternal societies, the amateur actors, the national guard and the several forms of amateur athletics, and of aU the other agencies that spring from home life. The housewife and mother will always find something to interest and to instruct in the Women's World. On Sunday, there is a column which tells how to own a home, some- thing that every woman desires above all else. Everyday, too, there is something to interest the pupils and teachers of the schools. The Citizen has taken up and directed attention to the sani- tar}^ arrangements of the public schools, and wherever any abuse has been found The Citizen has been the first to expose it. Identified with the home and the school is the church. In fact, they are bound so closely together that the latter could not exist without the former, and the stability of the home would be weakened were it not for the church. Thus The Citizen devotes, daily and Sunday, great space to the doings of the churches of all denominations and to their respective socie- ties. The sporting page is also of interest, and in that is found the latest news of everything that is going on in any of the many branches of that Ciigross- ing subject, until it has become a veritable referee in this city for all legit- imate sports. It is not alone, however, that The Citizen excels in the presentation of its news or in its diversity. It is recognized by the Brooklyn merchants an the best means of reaching the best people of this city, because it is what has been heretofore said, the Home Newspaper of Brooklyn. The Citizen has inaugurated and conducted to a successful issue cru- sades on various abuses, some of which were detrimental to health and others to morals. Other crusades were taken up for the better accommo- dation and protection of the public. Among the latter may be mentioned that by which the builders have been compelled to place danger signals at night on all obstructions placed by them on the streets. Everybody who has to use the city's roads, whether for driving or bicycling, knows of the efforts The Citizen has made to procure better roads, and the wheelmen especially appreciate its labor on their behalf, be- cause success has crowned its efiforts and the road to Coney Island is prac- tically a fact. The Citizen has also been the bitterest foe of the pool room, and forced the Police Department to take cognizance of the establishment of the busi- ness in this city and to close it up. The Citizen inaugurated the movement to compel the Smith street and Coney Island Railroad Company to run through cars between the Park Slope and the Bridge without transfer. That the cars are so running to-day is testimony to the efficiency of the efforts. THE EASTERN END. 281 but so far the natural beauty of the hills has been preserved, the effort of the owners being to augmcMit rather than destroy it. The blue sage and the red and yellow wild grasses still grow in luxuriance. Sugar Loaf Hill, the highest point of land on the south shore of the island, is 140 feet high. The Indians have a church of their own, and a school which is supported by the State. SouTHAMPTox. — Southampton has a regular population of perhaps 1,500, but in Summer this is greatly increased. There are many large stores, and the churches of the village are Catholic, Methodist Episcopal and Presbyterian. But to the visitor the most interesting church is St. Andrews-on-the-Dunes, situated within a rod of the ocean surf and at the extreme end of Silver Lake, around which most of the beautiful Summer residences are built. This was once a Government Life Saving Station, but it has been completely transformed, and with the aid of Tiffany stained glass windows and gargoyles brought from Southampton in England, the interior is made most impressive. The services here are conducted during the Summer by eminent Protestant Episcopal clergymen from New York, some of whom have cottages near the beach. One of the discoverers, so to speak, of Southampton, was Dr. Thomas, the distinguished surgeon, whose house is one of the finest in the place; but to give a list of the names of Southampton people would require a reproduction here of a large part of that interesting red and black volume known in New York as the Social Register. They are all well represented — Knickerbockers, Huguenots, Puri- tans, Sons and Daughters of the Revolution and Tories. There is a good hotel near the railroad station, and another on the main street nearer the ocean, but the boarder is not exactly in place at Southampton. He gener- ally prefers to get a mile or so away from the village in the country. There is no lack of good boarding houses north and east. Driving a mile or so northward one reaches North Sea on the bank of Peconic Bay, a settlement with 75 regular inhabitants, chiefly noted as the landing place of the origi- nal settlers of Southampton, whose memorials abound in the streets of the village. Along a road parallel with the ocean, toward the east, we come upon re- minders of some of the early out-lying settlements. There is an old graveyard with tombstones dated way back in the seventeenth century, which mark the last resting place of people who once dwelt in Cobb, and the country around. Cobb is nothing now except three or four farm houses, some very much weather beaten, but none more than seventy-five years old, situated at a most picturesque turn in the road. Here a little group of artists have painted out of doors several Summers, and their impressions of the dunes, the farm lanes, and the moors have all been seen in art exhibitions. Here in the orchard of a quaint old house Carleton Wiggins, a distinguished cattle painter resident in Brooklyn, painted his picture of an Alderney cow for the Columbian Exhibition, which was bought by a well known citizen of Brooklyn before the paint was dry. Hamilton Hamilton, Arthur Hoeber and Clifford Grayson have made "studies" in this neighborhood. Capt. Isaac Pierson, an old whaler, is perhaps the best known resident of this hamlet, and his remarkably trim and well kept farm is noticed by the peo- ple who drive from Southampton. Cobb Creek here flows into Mecox Bay, a body of water two miles long and a mile and a half in width. There is an inlet through the dunes to tJie ocean, but this closes up in Summer, and the bay is all the bet- ter for sailing. At the western end of Mecox Bay is Flying Point, a large 232 CITIZEN GUIDE. portion of which is owned by Captain Luther Burnett, another old whaler and familiar and genial character with Summer visitors. This end of Me- cox Bay deserves to be better known by Brooklynites and others looking for Summer board on Long Island. The Burnetts, both Luther and his brother Allan, take boarders. Water Mill. — This settlement, with the neighboring hamlets called Hay Ground and Mecox, comprises a population of about 450. Water Mill gets its name from the oldest mill on Long Island, an antique structure which has been greatly modernized and by no means beautified by the ad- dition of a Chicago windmill of iron. This stands at the head of Mill Creek, which empties into Mecox Bay. Back of it is a fresh water lake noted for good pickerel fishing and adjoining it is a Summer boarding house, Benedict's, surrounded by an old fashioned flower garden. The shores of Mill Creek are high and diversified, and there are a number of beautiful Summer homes built upon them. In the centre of Water Mill vil- lage is an old windmill carefully preserved as a relic. At Hay Ground stands the capacious and modern hotel called Mecox Inn, with a number of cottages around it. The popular way of going over to the bathing beach is by cat-boat but one may drive either by way of Hay Ground or by way of Cobb. Bridgehampton. — This is a quaint old village that reminds one of a Connecticut or Massachusetts town. Its one wide, elm-shaded street is lined by old-fashioned houses with well kept yards and a few good stores. At the end of it, where the Sag Harbor road, the Easthampton road and the Georgica Lake road separate, there is a huge liberty pole. There is a typical country hotel at this corner, and Bridgehampton with its population of 1,394 has its quota of boarding houses, but the people of Bridgehampton are plain and old fashioned and are rather proud of being so far removed from the noise and bustle of "the city." There are two churches on the main street, Presbyterian and Methodist Episcopal. Bridgehampton is two miles from the ocean. A stage line runs from here to Easthampton, Ama- gansett and other smaller places; indeed, by stage or carriage only can any one of those places or Wainscott or Georgica Lake be reached, but one may start either from Bridgehampton or Sag Harbor. Wainscott, four miles and a half from Bridgehampton, is a handsome cottage settlement on the shore of Georgica Lake, a body of fresh water, and within a stone throw of the sand dunes and the ocean. In the census returns the population is quoted at 125. The Rev. Dr. Heber Newton is one of the cottagers, all of whom are men of wealth and standing. One may go to Easthampton by the way of Wainscott, but the road is winding, and of course the journey is longer than to go directly from Bridgehamp- ton through the forest. By the direct road the distance is six miles. Easthampton and beyond it. — This quaint old village has a population of 1,000 the year round, and they are all the kind of people whom the fact that the nearest railroad station is six miles away does not trouble in the least. While Southampton and Southold contend for the glory of being the oldest settlement, the folks in Easthampton remember Lion Gardiner — they cannot forget him because his monument is in the little graveyard at the head of their main street — and smile at the vain glory of their neighbors: while they also fondly cherish a tradition that the renowned Henrik Hudson set foot upon the site of their town in 1609, 11 years before the Pilgrim Fathers landed on Plymouth Rock. The ocean is not far away and the modern Summer settlement is all near the beach. The one street of East- THE EASTERN END. 233 hampton is shaded by glorious old elms, the peers of which can be found in few other places, even in New England. Some of the houses are mod- ern, and even "Queen Anne," but they stand shoulder to shoulder with historic landmarks among which are the Gardiner homestead, the Tyler homestead (President Tyler married a daughter of the Gardiners'), the home of John Howard Payne's boyhood, the parsonage in which Lyman Beecher, the father of Henry Ward Beecher, lived when he preached in the old church. Samuel Buell lived, wrote and preached here. Easthampton has Protestant Episcopal, Roman Catholic, and Presbyterian churches. Most of the Summer residents are cottagers rather than boarders, and some of them, like the Morans, the famous artists, and the Rev. Dr. Talmage, prefer the shaded quiet of the old street near the frog pond to the colony on the beach. Three miles east is the little settlement called Amagansett, which also boasts its old families, its old houses and its old trees, and 17 miles further on is Montauk Point, the extreme end of the southern shore of Long Island. Here for many years a famous lighthouse has lifted its head far above the water, and until lately there was little else here except graz- ing grounds and deep ponds of fresh water where the cattle drank. This land, about 9,000 acres, was owned by a company who acquired their title fully two hundred years ago from the Montauk tribe. Pasturage was free until 1S79, when the land was all bought at auction by Arthur Benson, of Brooklyn, for $15,000. The Montauk Association was formed two years later, and 80 acres near the point was secured by it. Here there are now perhaps a dozen fine cottages with a club-house in which meals are served. Near the point, on the north side of the peninsula, is a magnificent harbor known as Fort Pond Bay. CuUoden Point, which helps to make this harbor, was named many years ago when the British Frigate CuUoden sank near that spot. From Fort Pond Bay Mr. Austin Corbin proposes to run a swift line of steamships to Milford Haven in Wales, making the journey in something over four days. When that project takes form the present charm of the Montauk Peninsula — the charm of wild grandeur and remoteness — will be lost forever because the line of the Long Island Railroad will then be extended to the bay. At present the road branches to the northeast from Bridgehampton, and terminates four miles further on upon the shore of Peconic Bay. Sag Harbor. — This is a curious old seaport town, beautifully situated, ■with a fine harbor formed by Shelter Island, Hog Neck and Mashomack Point. The harbor is called Shelter Island Sound. Sag Harbor has a popu- lation of 3,000, it has many beautiful residences, some fine old examples of colonial architecture, and many modern; it has Baptist, Methodist, Pi-esb}-- terian, Protestant Episcopal, and Roman Catholic churches, its streets are shaded by tall elms and other fine trees and it has many distinguished resi- dents; but it has comparatively few industries except tnose connected with building and sailing of summer craft and supplying the wants of summer visitors. Sag Harbor is connected by steamboat with Greenport, Shelter Island and New London, and also with New York City. It is a popular resort wath yachtsmen, and the facilities it offers for pleasure sailing are un- equalled, it is well supplied with hotels and boarding houses. Its whal- ing Industries steadily declined from 1847, when the importation of whale oil and bone was valued at $996,500, until 1862, when it disappeared alto- gether. Recently, several large watch and cigar factories giving employ- m^Rt \q many per^gng tiav§ l?e§ii, fr^Qted in thQ village, Noyac, an old, 234 CITIZEN GUIDE. Indian village with a little bay of its own, and the trout ponds at Oak Grove may be regarded as suburbs of Sag Harbor. The Islands to the North, Shelter Island. — One may go from Sag Harbor to Shelter Island either by taking the steamboat for New London, which makes a landing around by the Manhanset House, or by driving out to the end of Hog Neck where there is a little ferry. Shelter Island has a population of more than i,ooo. Both of the large hotels, the Manhanset and the Prospect House, are on the side of the island nearest to Greenport, with which they are in constant communication by means of a little steam propeller. The island is irre- gular in outline and its surface is greatly diversified and heavily wooded. The farming lands are excellent. The island has an interesting history, as it was originally settled by George Fox and other Quakers when they were banished from New England by the Puritans. The owner of the whole island in those early days was Nathaniel Sylvester, who held it under a grant from the English Crown. He was not a Quaker, but was a warm-hearted, liberal-minded man, and his fame has been preserved for all time by the poet Whittier: "* * * wiser than his age, The Lord of Shelter scorned the bigot's rage." A monument commemorating Sylvester's reception of the Quaker fugi- tives was erected on the island in 1884, near the present Manor House, more than one hundred years old, which is not far from the site of the first house of Sylvester. The natural advantages of Shelter Island had been known for very many years before the formation of the Camp Meeting As- sociation which built up that part of the island now known as the Heights, in 1872. The place was not used as a camp meeting settlement more than seven or eight years and, indeed, before the Methodists discontinued their regular religious services in the grove on the Heights many clergymen of other denominations occupied the cottages clustered around the Prospect House. Among these were the Rev. Dr. Henry M. Scudder, of Brooklyn, as good a sailor as he is a preacher, and the Rev. Dr. Llewellyn D. Bevan, who succeeded the venerable Gardiner Spring as pastor of the historic Brick Church on the summit of Murray Hill in New York. This part of the island, comprising about 300 acres, is as attractive as any Summer resort on Long Island. The hotel stands near the water; there are billiard rooms, bowling alleys and tennis grounds, and the bathing beach of firm, white sand is well supplied with every facility for bathers. The cottages ramble up the hill-side and on the summit of Prospect Hill, the highest point on the island, there is an observatory from which may be obtained a most in- spiring view of land and sea. From here the eye rests upon Montauk Peninsula at the right, the upper end of the lobster's claw, with Greenport, Orient, Plum and the Gull Islands at the left, the vast expanse of Gardi- ner's Bay directly in front, with Gardiner's Island in the distance; and the view comprehends the Sound at the north and the Atlantic Ocean at the south. The Manhanset House is two miles further east, and is a thorough- ly equipped seaside hotel with a number of fine cottages. This is a popular resort with the yaclitsmen of the New York and other crack clubs, whose^- sloops and schooners frequently lie at anchor in Greenport Harbor. It is also a fashionable resort for residents of Brooklyri and New York. There ^r§ twenty miles of good roads for dnving, th§ facilities for sailing are Hg' surpassed, and the shops of Greenpori are 'ooly a mile t3t so avray, and easily accessible by the ferry. There are well laid out athletic grounds with tennis courts and a good beach for still water bathing. The Shelter Island Yacht Club has a large membership. Gardiner's Island. — It is a pleasant sail, with a good breeze, through Peconic Bay, from Shelter Island to Gardiner's Island, which has a popula- tion of about 25, principally farmers employed by the Gardiner estate, and fishermen who lease the grounds on the shore. The island is seven mile;^ long, and, in its widest part, about three miles across. The soil is excellent for fruit and cereals, and is well cultivated. In the old Gardiner Homestead, some of the furniture brought from Old England in the time of James I. by the original Lion Gardiner is still preserved. The island is associated with the traditions of the notorious pirate. Captain Kidd, who once buried stolen treasure on the shore. A chest containing gold, silver, diamonds and rare fabrics was dug up once by a commission having State authority. Among the relics in the Homestead is a silk shawl said to have been pre- sented to one of the Gardiner ladies by the pirate. In the old family grave- yard, on a hill near the north end of the island, a dozen members of the Gardiner family were buried, and Lion's bones lie beneath a granite sarco- phagus in the centre. North of the Peconic Bays, Greenport, across Peconic Bay from Shelter Island, the principal vil- lage in the township of Southold, has a population of 3,000. It is the termi- nus of the main line of the Long Island Railroad, and was once a famous whaling port. It is now one of the busiest places on Long Island, and the pe jple are largely interested in shipbuilding and menhaden industry. The harbor is one of the best on the coast, and lately the new breakwater has greatly improved it. Greenport has a bank, a fire department, two news- papers and seven churches; it has steamboat connection with Shelter Island, Sag Harbor, New London and New York. It has its historical associations and traditions, and the house in which Washington slept one night, in 1777, is still standing. The Wyandanck House, the principal hotel for business mo a, is near the railroad station. Standing on the main street, not far from the steamboat pier, with well-shaded grounds of its own, is the Clarke House, once the home and hostelry of Sheriff Clarke, a magnate of Suffolk County, who is well remembered. The Clarke House to-day, as it has been for many years past, is conducted as a private hotel for families by the Sheriff's daughters. Miss Elizabeth Clarke and Mrs. Post. There is probably no other resort so homelike, or, in a modest way, so exclusive, on Long Island. They do say that "Miss Bessie," as she is affectionately called by everybody in Greenport, will not permit a stranger to enter the house unless he brings his pedigree and a letter of recommendation. The Booth House is another well-kept resort for Summer boarders, but Greenport is remarkably well- supplied with boarding houses and fine modern cottages that can be rented for the season. A walk of about four miles northward brings one to the cliffs overlooking Long Island Sound, which is here at its widest point. From Greenport, eastward. — A stage runs from Greenport to the end of the northern arm of the island, ten miles further eastward. The road is hard and firm, and almost as smooth as a floor, and near East Marion, a little hamlet midway between Greenport and Orient, where a windmill like those seen so frequently on the southern side of the island still lifts its fans tp tb§ brfie^e and grinds the gfrist of tU? npighl^ortn^ farmers, the waters of 336 CITIZEN GUIDE. the Sound break on the north side of the road, and those of Gardiner's Bay on the south side. Orient is an old-fashioned village.with quaint old houses, and flower-gardens in which the holly-hocks, marigolds, dahlias, balsam, and garden roses bloom luxuriantly in beds bordered by box. The popula- tion of Orient is about 800. It is a temperance town, and no liquors are procurable. There is a hotel at Orient and another at Orient Point, a mile or so further east, which is the "jumping-off place" of the Northern Penin- sula. Near the Point is the famous Comstock stock farm, where the cele- brated trotter Rarus was born and bred. The Comstocks are the rriost numerous family in this part of the island, and there are as many Comstocks in Orient and thereabout as there are Halseys and Burnetts in the Hamp- tons. Between the Point and Orient many wealthy gentlemen have re- cently built cottages. A mile east of the Point, and separated from it by the historic Plum Gut, through which a famous New York amateur sailor once sailed his yacht and lost a race thereby, is Plum Island (well termed "the paradise of sportsmen"), and beyond this, straight to the east, are the two Gull Islands, Big and Little. Plum Island is credited with a population of 75, mostly interested in fostering and ministering to the wants of sports- manship. The territory of Long Island, however, extends still further, be- cause Fisher's Island, with a population of 250 and an extensive Summer hotel, lying close to the Connecticut shore at the extreme end of Long Island Sound, which is there divided into Fisher's Island Sound and Block Island Sound, is a part of Suffolk county. The nearest place on the main land to this island, however, is New London, Connecticut, and the two places have steamboat communications. From Greenport westward. — Returning to Greenport in our imaginary tour of the Northern Peninsula and proceeding thence westward, the first village we pass through is Southold, settled in 1640. In October of that year, the Rev. John Youngs organized the Southold Presbyterian Church, which is still flourishing. The population of Southold is about 1,400. The village streets are quite well shaded and well kept. The Savings Bank, in a small building with a vine covered front, is one of the oldest and strongest in the State. Southold has Roman Catholic, Methodist Episcopal, Univer- salist, and other churches as well as the Presbyterian. There is a hotel and there are many boarding-houses. Some of the private residences are very handsome, and all are kept in good order, the villagers being enter- prising and public spirited. From Southold to the Sound is but a mile, and the light-house on Horton's Point is one of the most important in the neighborhood of New York. Peconic, the next village westward, has a population of 400. The farming land here is particularly fertile. The place was originally called Hermitage. Cutchogue, a mile or so further on, has a population of 800. There are many stock farms in this village and the pic- turesque features of the neighborhood have made it a resort of artists. Southward a mile and a half is New Suffolk, on the shore of Peconic Bay, which has Jong been a famous resort for sailing and fishing. It has a popu- lation of 200. Robins Island, reached from here in a short sail, is owned by a famous gun club, the members of which are prominent residents of Brooklyn. The island comprises 469 acres of meadow and forest, hill and beach. Mattituck is a busy village with a population of 800, excellent Sum- mer hotels and many fine Summer residences erected by Brooklynites. There are four churches. The farming land is of the best quality and the plac§ i.s £a,mous for its vegetables, Th,§ farmers also engage exten.sively in, THE EASTERN END. 237 seed-raising, and the Mattituck cabbage seed has a national reputation. Another thing for which tliis village is famous is the soft shell crab, which reaches a degree of perfection in the little creek that tiows in from the Sound rarely attained by it elsewhere. Jamesi'Okt has a population of 300, and is growing rapidly. In late years the accommodations for summer boarders in this place have not equalled the demand, and cottages are increasing in number every year. Jamesport is practically at the head of Peconic Bay. It has Congrega- tional and Methodist Episcopal churches. The boating, sailing and fish- ing facilities are equal to any on Long Island. The water near the shore is shallow, and it is therefore a perfectly safe place for children. There is much social gayety in Summer. Aquebogue, another resort near by, has a population of 250. RivERHEAn, the county town of Suffolk, has a population of 2,000. The Peconic River, upon the bank of which it is built, empties into the bay of that name a short distance eastward. The people of the village are quite near enough to the bay to enjoy all its advantages of fishing, sailing and bathing, while a drive of eight miles southward through the pine and oak takes them to the ocean. The village is handsomely laid out and is a very lively place, especially when the County Court is in session and when the agricultural fair is held in the Autumn. There is a newspaper, a Sav- ings Bank, a National Bank, and there are six churches. The county build- ings, including the Court House, Clerk's Office and Jail, are imposing struc- tures surrounded by well trimmed lawns. The fair grounds comprise twenty acres, a good trotting track and suitable buildings. Riverhead is in the centre of a rich farming country, especially for cauliflower, potatoes and the small fruits. In June many car loads of strawberries are sent daily to the city markets. There are a number of profitable cranberry bogs in the neighborhood. Great Pond, a mile from the village, is a fine body of fresh water clear as crystal. Flanders, two miles away, on the shore of the bay is a resort favored by fishermen. Riverhead has stage connection with Westhampton, Quogue and Atlanticville. ^ Manorvili.e. a settlement of 350 inhabitants, is chiefly noted as a junc- tion on the railway where the Sag Harbor branch of the main line separates from the Greenport division. A ride on the railroad of four miles south- ward brings us back again to Eastport, whence we started on this tour of the eastern end of Long Island. Along the ocean beach in this part of the country, the United States Government has life-saving stations at Westhampton, Quogue, Shinnecock Bay, Southampton, Mecox Bay, Georgica, Amagansett, Napeague and Montauk Point. Besides the light-houses already mentioned there are im- portant ones on Plum Island, Little Gull Island, Long Beach Bar, near Orient, and Cedar Island near Sag Harbor, (BAZETTEEF^ OF LONG ISb/cND. A Complete List of all the Towns, Villages, Hamlets, Summer Resorts, and Locations on Long Island, with Distances from Brooklyn, Railway and Steamboat Fares, Stage Connections, &c.— -L. I. Post Offices and Telegraph Stations. -■!,.) Abbreviations.— B R & W E RR, Brooklyn, Bath & West End Railroad; BIS, Block Island Sound; E R, East River; F B, Flusbliij? Hay; fr,from; GarB, Gardiner's Bay; GB, Graveseud Bay; G P B, Great Peconic Buy; Gs B, Grassy Bay; G S B, Great South Bay; Ham, Hamlet; H B, Hempstead Bay; H Har, Hempstead Harbor; In, Inland; Is, Island; J B, Jamaica Bay; K C, Kings Co; L I RR, Long Island Railroad; L P B. Little Peconic Bay; Loc. Locality; M B RR, Manhattan Beach Railroad; N Y & S B RR, New York & Sea Beach Railroad; N Y & B B RR, New York & Rockaway Beach Railroad; Nor B North- port Bay; O, Ocean; O B, Oyster Bay; Pen, Peninsula; RR, Raili-oad; S, Long Island Sound; Sh Is, Shelter Island; Shin B. Shinnecock Bay; SIS, Shelter Island found; So B, SiutholdBay; SOB, South Oyster Bay; St, Stage; Sum, Summer Resort; T, Telegraph Office; Vil, Village. Distances are measured by ordinary routes from City Hall, Brooklyn. Name. h) Q Ph Abrams Landing Gar B Ham Acabonac Harbor Gar B Har Albertson In RR Alder Island H B Is Alexanderville In Ham Amagansett O Sum PO AmityviUe GSB RR PO Appletree Neck GSB Pen Aquebogue In Ham P O Aqueduct In RR Ardmoor KG Loc Arlington Beach O Sum Arshamomaque S Ham Artist Lake In Ham Arverne O Siun P O Astoria . . . E R Town P O Atlantic Park O Sum Atlanticville SB Vil P O S o gM 114 113 22 25 58 112 33 40 Routes. LI RR; St from Bridge HamptonlS L IRR; St fr Sag Harbor 11 LIRR L I RR L r RR; St fr Bridge HamptonlO LIRR L I KR; via Baby- lon 78 L I RR; St fr River- head 3 10 NW&RBRR 5 N Y & S B RR S4 95 L I R R; St fr Greeuport 2 ec LIRR;Stfr Yap- hauk 16 L I RR 8 Horse cars fr Brooklyn 2 24 NY&RB RE; St fr Holland SO L I RR St fr Quogue 2 Fares to Near- est RR Station or Steamboat Landings. Single. Excur- sions. $ c $ c 2 80 5 05 2 95 55 2 80 05 1 10 2 20 25 25 5 30 1 00 5 05 1 70 2 00 3 95 35 35 2 80 5 05 1 75 45 30 2 30 3 15 80 50 4 15 GAZETTEER OF LONG ISLAND. 339 Name. 5 C V to o oj ►J o Babylon O S B Sura Baiting Hollow S Vil Baiting Hollow Sta In RR Baker's Point S Pen Bald HiUs In Ham tlaldwins In Vil Bar Beach S Pen Barnes Hole BIS Beach Bamum's Island HB RR Barren Island JB Is Bartlett In Ham Bath Beacb . G B Sura Bath Beach Junction. .In Ham Bayport GSB RR Bay Head (Good Ground) In Vil Bay Islands GSB Is Bay Ridge N YH Vil BayShore GSB Sum BaySide S Sum BayviUo,, .,„..i,.... S Vil Beach Channel J B RR Beaver Pond In Pond Bedelltown In Ham Bedford. X .*. Bklyn Loc Bellmore.- In RR Heliport GSB Vil Benjamintown In Him Bennett's Pt N Y H Pen bensonhurst G B Vil Ben's Point Gar B Pen Bergen Island HB Is Berlin In Vil Berrian's Is S Is Bethpage In Ham Bethpage Junction — In RR Blissville In Loc Blue Point GSB Vil Bluff Point Cow H Pen Blvdenburgh's L'ding.S Loc Blydenburgh's Mills. ..S Ham Blythebouriie In Vil Bohemian Village In Vil Ik PO TO PO PO T "'Si 5« 38 74 70 30 23 28 lOS 25 16 58 POT PO T POT PO P O PO PO T POT PO T PO T PO PO PO T 42 15 34 27 50 71 G 6 104 7 33 Routes. LIRR LI RK;St fr Bait- ting Hollow Sta 4 LIRR L I RR to Roslyn, thence by St ... 5 LIRR 2 L I RR L I RR to Rosyln, thence by St St f r Ea st Hampton 1 LIRR MBRR 3 LIRR;Stfr Yap- hauk 2]4 B B & W E RR or Electric Line B B& WERR.... L I RR LI RR By water fr Baby- lon 6 Street cars from Brooklyn L I RR LIRR L I RR; Si fr Lo- 2 cust Valley or by Str Northport... L I RR L I RR 2 LIRR; St fr Cen- tral Park 1 Street cars in Brooklyn LIRR . LIRR 1 LIRR 3 BB& WERR BB& W.E.RRor Electric Line St fr Greenport. . . 8 Reached f r Barnum Is Street cars f r L I City 1 By boat fr Astoria, 2 L I RR; St fr Parmingdale 2 L I RR; St fr Farraint;dalp Street cars f r Bklyn or L I (Mty LIRR; St fr Bay- port ly, St fr Korthport . . . . 2 LIRR LIRR 1^2 B B & W E RR . . L I RR; St fr Ron- konkoraa 2 Fares to Near- est RR Station or Steamboat Landings Single. Excur- sions. 1 10 2 00 2 05 2 05 3 70 3 ro 55 1 00 G5 1 15 55 1 00 G5 1 20 20 30 1 75 3 15 10 08 1 55 2 45 1 10 10 1 20 30 C5 (!0 80 05 75 1 75 90 90 05 1 ,55 1 20 0.-. 1 40 18 15 2 80 4 40 2 00 20 2 15 55 1 15 1 00 50 10 1 40 3 15 18 10 1 GO 1 CO 10 280 2 15 10 2 50 340 CITIZEN GUIDE. Name. (S o s o 1 p. S o 100 8 PO T 43 T 35 PO T 97 19 PO T 9 T 13 PO T T 15 PO T 62 29 107 PO T 5 46 98 PO T 2 T 5 ij ft Bostwick's Bay Gar B Bay Bowery Bay S Sum Brentwood Iii Vil Breslau GSB Vil Bridgehampton In Vil Bridgeport In Ham Brighton Beach O Sum Broad Channel HB RR Broadway .. .. F B Vil Brookfleld Station .In Loo Brookhaveii GSB Vil Brookville In Vil Brown's Hills S Hills Brownsville ENY Loc Brown's Point GSB Pen Bull's Head In Ham Bushwick Bklyn Loc Bushwick Jimction In RR Butternailk Channel. . .N Y H Button Ball Lake In Lake California In Loc Calverton In Vil Canaan In Loc Canarsie J B Vil Canoe Place Shin B Ham Canoe Pond In Pond Capiag Neck GSB Pen Cap Tree Island ...GSB Is Carman's In Ham Cedarhurst In Club Cedar Island GSB Is Cedar Point Gar B Pen Central Ishp — In Vil Central Park In Vil Centre Island S Pen Centre Moriches ...E.B Vil PO T Centreport S Vil PO Champlin's Creek G S B Creek Charlottesville In Vil Christian Hook In Vil 87 PO T fil 70 PO T 57 6 86 74 35 50 PO T 64 21 42 107 PO PO T T 45 30 37 40 44 6 23 Routes. By boat fr Green- port 14 Excursion boats fr N Y City L I RR L I RR LIRR L I RR; Stage fr Valley Stream. . . 1J4 L I RR or Brighton B RR N Y&RBRR LIRR L I RR LIRR L I RR; St fr Glen Head 2 By St f r Green port . 1 Street cars fr Bklyn 1 By St fr Sayville . . 1 L I RR to South- ampton 1 Street cars in Brooklyn L I RR and Street cars Bet Bklyn and Gov- ernor's Is By St fr Water Mills 2 LIRR 2 L I RR; St fr Bait- ing Hollow 1 LIRR 2 L I RR or B & R B RR 2 LIRR;StfrShinH 1 Stage from Bailing Hollow St fr Amity ville... 2 LIRR: boat from Babylon 8 L I RR . . . . ; 2 LIRR LI RR;boat from Babylon 8 LIRR; st fr Sag Harbor 5 LI RR LI RR L I RR; St fr Bay- ville and by str Portchester fr N Y LI RR; StfrMor- ichGs .... 1 LI RR; St fr Green Lawn 114 L I RR to Islip . 1 ~ Street cars fr Bklyn 1 L I RR; St fr Mill- bum 2 Fares to Near- est RR Station or Steamboat Landings. Single. Excur- sions. 1 20 1 00 2 80 2 15 1 80 5 05 50 90 15 30 25 25 50 40 1 80 3 25 55 2 80 05 1 00 5 05 10 2 65 4 80 05 10 2 05 53 1 10 2 95 1 30 3 70 4 60 1 10 2 00 2 00 5 30 2 35 1 35 3 60 1 10 2 00 20 I }5 GAZETTEER OF LONG ISLAND. 241 Name. City Pond Clarenceville « t*. .In I Pond Vil Clay Pitts In Ham Cleaves Poict Gar B Pen Club House G B RR Club House GSB Club Cockle's Harbor GarB liar Coe's Hook H B Pen Cold Spring lu Vil * 2 P 83 PO College Point S IncV PO Columbusville .. . .In Ham Comae In Vil PO Coney Island O Siun P O Conklins Point GSB Pen Conuncrum Mills In Loo Connetquot River . . ..USB River Coram In Vil P O Cormorant Point Shin B Pen Conscience Bay S Bay Corona In Vil PO Cove Neck S Pen CowNeok (Manhasset) S Pen 26 T 35 T 14 T () 4.5 Crab Meadow S Crane Neck S Creedmoor In Crooked Hill In Crow Island H B Culloden BIS C^tchopue In Cypress Avenue In Cj-press Hills Bklyn Pariingrton In Deep Creek Meadow . . H B Deer Park In Dellwood I >eriners Harbor Sh Is DU Hills In Ham Pen Vil PO Loc Is Pen Vil RR Cem Ham Is RR Loc Loc Ham PO T 10 33 24 43 50 16 38 23 120 PO T 33 Routes. 3 L I RR to Frank- linvllle 1 Rapid Transit fr Bklyn 1 L I RR 2 In Greenport Har. 1 B B & W E R R . L I RR; St fr Oak- dale 1 L I RR; boat fr Green port to t o Manhanset House, I Shelter Island); st fr Manhanset House 3 Stfr Millburn.... 2 L I RR; and by str Portchester fr N YCity L I RR By St fr Winfleld 1 L I RR; stfr North- port 5 BB&WRR;CIE RR Culver Route; L I RR; N Y & Sea Beach KR... Stfr Babylon .... 2 LIRR, Near Club House. . LIRR; St frMed- ford 4 Stfr Bay Head .. 8 Near Setauket LIKR St f r Oyster Bay . 2 L I RR, N Shore Div; St fr Great NgcIc 5 LIRR; St fr North- port LI RR; Stfr Stony Brook 4 L I RR: St fr Queen's 1 StfrEdgewood. .. 3 By Boat fr Free- port 2 Bv St fr Sag Har. . LIRR 1 LIRR Street RRs in Bklyn 1 L I RR 4 By boat fr Free port 3 LIRR Boat fr Oreen^ort.. 2 LI RR;[5t fr Hunt- ington 3 Fares to Near- est RR Station or Steamboat Landings Single. Excur- sious. 12 20 1 40 2 50 2 80 5 05 40 75 25 45 12 20 1 20 2 15 15 25 1 60 2 90 15 25 40 70 1 CO 2 90 40 70 2 55 4 60 15 25 05 10 1 10 2 00 1 05 1 90 243 CITIZEN GUIDE. Name. '2 § Dosoris S Dou^laston S Dnviaer Park In Duck Harbor Nor Dun ton In Dutch Kills E R Dutch Pond Point... .S Dyer's Neck . . East Astoria In East Bay O East Beach S Fast Beach S East Fort S Easthampton O East Hinsdale In East Islip GSB East Island S East Jamaica In East Marion S East Meadow In East Moriches E Bay East New York Bklyn East Neck S ' East Northport In East Norwich In East Patchogue G S P Eastport E Bay East Quo^e Shin B East Rockaway In East Setauket S East Williamsburgh...In East WiHiston In Eaton's Neck S Echo S Edenvale In Edgewood In Edwards Point GSB Egypt In Elmont. In Elwood In Evergreen ENY o 1 O 1 o. 1 u 5« Ham 3.^ RR Har Vil Loc PO T T T If) 56 40 10 Pen Pen 1-oc Bay Sum Simi Fort Sum PO PO T 90 CI 7 72 40 63 44 104 Ham Vil Is Hani PO 16 40 3-3 13 Vil PO 98 Ham 25 Vil PO 70 Loc PO T 5 Pen 40 Ham Vil PO T 43 33 Vil PO 57 RR Vil PO PO T 73 80 Vil Vil PO PO Sum Off 21 5e Vil PO 4 Ham Pen PO T 21 47 Ham P o 59 Ham Ham* Pen Ham T 56 40 55 102 Vil P o T 18 Vil P o 40 Vil PO 7 Fares to Near- est RR Station or Steamboat Landings. Single. Excur- sions. 65 1 00 35 65 « Routes. "^ I LI RR; St fr Glen Cove 2 L I RR Near Setauket St fr Northport.. . 4 LIRR 27 Street cars from L. I City 1 05 St f r Cutchogue . 2 2 Street cars fr. L. I. 2 5 T5oats fr Eastport. By St fr Northport 4 By St fr Port .lef . . 2 St fr Huntington . 6 LIRR;StfrBridge Hampton 6 LIRR L I RR; St fr IsUp 2 St fr Glen Cove.... 3 L I RR ; St fr Ja- maica 1 L I RR; St from Greenport 3 L I RR; St fr West- bury 3 L I RR; St fr Mo- riches 2 Elevated & Street cars in Brooklyn LIRR;SttrGreen Lawn 4 LI RR LIRR; St frSy OS- set 2 LIRR; St fr Pat- chogue 2 LIRR L I RR; St from Quogue 2 LIRR.... L I RR; St from Setauket 1 Street cars in - Brooklyn 1 5 L I RR 55 L I RR;Stfr North- port 5 1 20 L I RR; St fr Port Jefferson 2 1 70 L I RR 2 LI RK 1 St fr Bayport . . 2 St fr Bridgehamp- ton 5 L I RR;Stfr Floral Park 1}^ 45 LIRR;StfrGreen Lawn .... 214 1 10 Street cars from Brooklyn 5 2 80 1 30 30 2 80 65 2 00 5 1 10 1 60 2 10 55 1 65 GAZETTEER OF LONG ISLAND. ^48 Name. S -E O h gS o 0) o ^ -SiS ►^ fi fi H O^ Execution Roc'.cs S Uar 20 Fair Ground In Ham POT 36 Fair View In Ham 43 FalsePoint BIS Capie 118 Kariningdale In Vil PO T 31 Fariiiingville In Ham 55 Farriugton Point L P B Pen 109 FarRockaway O Vil POT 23 Fenhurst (Hewletts)...In Vil T 13 Fire Island (Quarantine Station) O Is POT 4(i Fire Place GB Loc 117 Fisher's Island S Is PO T 117 Flanders GPB PV 78 Flatbush. . In Town PO T 3 Flatlandfl In Town POT 5 Flatlands Neck T B Pen G FleetPoiut GSB Pen 37 Floral Park In Vil PO T 18 Flower Hill S Ham 25 Floyd's Point East B Pen 73 Flushing (Murray Hill).In Vil POT 12 Flushing FB Town PO T 10 Flushing Bay 8 Bay 10 Ford's Corner In RR T 6 Forge River . . Kast B Creek CO Forge (Mastic) Kast H RR T 00 Fort Hamilton TheNar-Vil POT rows Fort Lafayette TheNar-Fort 6 rows Fort Neck SOB Pen 80 Fort Pond Bay ... BIS Bay 1 15 Foster Meadows (Rose- dale) In RR T 14 Fowlerville S Ham T 12 Foxes Creek Shis Creek 07 FrankUn Square In Ham 17 FrankUnville GPB Ham 82 Freeport In Vil POT 'M FreshPond S Vil PO T 44 Fresh Pond In Loc T 5 Fresh Pond S Ham T 75 Friar's Head Landing.. S Loc 77 Garden City In Vil PO T 20 Gardiner's Island.. . Gar B Is 115 Gardiner's Bay BIS Bay 115 Routes. Fares to Near- est RR Station or Steamboat Landings. Single. Excur- sions. Off Manhasset L I RR to Mineola. 1 L I RR; St frKings Park 2 Near Montauk Pt. . 1 LIRR L I RR 2 LI RR; St fr Sag Harbor 7 LIRR LIRR L I RR; boat fr Babylon 9 L I RR; St fr Sag Harbor ..15 Ferry fr (ireenport or ^atr Harbor. . . 7 L I RR; St fr River- head 3 Street cars from Brooklyn L I RR and street cars fr Brooklyn. . B R& WERR.... St fr Lindenhurst. 2 L I RR LIRR; St fr Great Neck 2 St f r Mastic 4 St fr Great Neck ;L IRR LIRR New Flushing L I RR Near Mastic 1 L I RR Street cars fr Bklyn Off Foi-t Hamilton. 1 Near Massapequa. 2 Near Montauk K . . LIRR.SS Div.... L I RR; St fr Flushing 1 By Shelter Is route St f r Floral Park. . . 2 L I RR L I RR LIRR;StfrNorth- port 3 LIRR; Street cars from Bklyn St fr Baiting Hollow C St fr Riverhead 4 LIRR L I RR to Sag Har bororGreenport. Ferry 13 West of Gardiner 'sis 65 1 30 90 05 25 20 1 90 05 1 00 2 35 1 60 2 95 5 30 .50 1 00 50 1 00 1 10 2 00 2 95 5 30 3 95 10 80 40 35 3 40 10 40 75 1 25 20 2 15 1 00 5 30 244 CITIZEN GUIDE. Kame. S C s ^ o <1> George's Neck G S B Pen Genola In Ham Georgica Lake O Sum German Flats East B Loc Glen Cove In Vil Glendale Station In RR Glen Head In RR Glenwood S Ham Goffe's Is Point BIS Pen Good Ground (Bay Head) In Vil Goose Creek JB RR Gowanus Har Loc Grassy Hollow Gar B Ham Grass Pond In Lake Gravesend In Vil Gravesend Bay O Bay Gravesend Beach . . . G B Sum Great Cove GSB (jreat GuU Island S Is Great Hog Neck L P B Pen Great Neck In Vil Great Island HB Is Great Pond In Lake Great River In \ il Great South Beach . . .0 Sum Great Pond BIS Lake Great Peconic Bay E End of LI Bay Great South Bay O Bay Greenfield In Vil Green Lawn ... In BR Greenpoint Bklyn Loc Greenport Gai- B Town Greenvale In Ilam GreenvUle GSB Ham Greenwich Point In Ham Greenwood BkljTi Cem Gull Island ShinB Is Guntherville GB Vil Hagerman GSB Loc Half Hollows Hills... In Ham P O PO PO PO P O P O PO PO PO Routes. 1 Pi I 5« PO 40 43 100 PO T 69 29 PO PO T J. T 6 27 ;.'8 St fr Bablyon.. d LI RR 2 St fr Bridgehamp- ton 4 By boat fr Mastic. . 4 L I RR and by Str Idlewild LIRR LI RR L I RR 1 St f r Glen Head or by Str Idlewild... Near Culloden Pt.. Fares to Near- est RR Station or Steamboat Landings Single. Excur- SiODS. Half Way Landing . . S Hallock's Landing S Loc Ham 39 3 96 28 52 24 83 39 67 Reached fr James- port or Riverhead Rieached fr Babylon, &c MBRR L I RR Sireet cars in Bklyn 1 LI RR; by the Mon- tauk S B Co LIRR LIRR; St fr Oak ddle 1 L I RR; St fr Hempstead 8 Street cars in Bklyn Reached fr Quogue 2 BB&W ERR LIRR; St fr Bell- port L I RR via Deer Park.. .. : .. .2 Reached fr Manor 9 LI RR; St fr Port Jefferson 8 T 8.5 L I RR 2 45 T 12 LIRR T a Street cars in Brooklyn 5 108 LIRR; StfrSag Harbor 69 Stfr Manor 2 T 6 N Y & S B RR Culver route 10 6 Off Gravesend 7 BB&W ERR.... 15 45 Near Islip 1 110 Beyond r'lum Is. ..14 93 L I RR; St fr Pe- conic . . 3 2 60 T 18 LIRR;andby Str Idlewild 35 32 Reached fr Ridge- wood 80 78 Stfr Riverhead.... 3 48 L I RR 3 46 Ferry fr Babylon. 8 120 Near Montauk Pointll 1 10 5 2 80 1 25 2 50 1 70 3 15 1 70 3 05 GAZETTEER OF LONG ISLAND 245 2 § -a "^Ei Name. :5 x O h g-S V CO m .S to t< 9 i; p 4* xw iJ Q PL, H Q Hammers ..J B Su/n T 15 Hampton Point (The).. In Sum 9t Harbor Hill S HUl 22 Hauppauge In Vil P O 47 Hay Ground In Ham 07 Heather Woods lil S Woods 110 Hempstead In Town P O T 22 Hempstead Bay O Bay 25 Herrick's In Ham 19 Herod's Point S Loc 74 Hewlett's In Ham P O 19 Hewlett's Point S Pen 22 HioksviUe In Vil PO T 27 Hick's Beach O Sum 23 Hick's Island BIS Is 110 Hillside S Loc PO 9 Hill's Pond G P B ■ Lake 87 Hinsdale In Vil POT 16 Hoe Neck LPB Pen 105 Holbrook In Ham PO T 52 Holland's O Sum 15 Hollis In KK P O T 13 Holliswood Park In Vd T 13 Holtsville In Ham PO 53 Hook Pond O Lake 104 Hopedale In Loc 10 Horton's Point .S Pt 92 Howell's Point GSB Pen 61 Ilulse's Landing S Loc 75 Hunter's Point L I Cy Loc POT 4 Huntinpton In Vil PO T 33 llvdePark In RR T 18 Indian Fields BIS Loc 120 Indian Head In Ham 46 Indian Settlement Shin B Vil 90 Inglewood In Ham 14 Inwood In Vil PO T 22 Isle of Wight O Pen 22 Islip .. .aSB FVil PO T 44 Islip Bay G8B Bay 41 Jacks Island Is 44 Routes. LIRR St fr Southampton 2 L I RR; St fr Ros- lyn 3 St fr Smithtown or Central Islip 214 St fr Southampton 3 Near Napeague Bay L I RR; Main Line Reached fr Bar- nums Is LIRR;St fr Hyde po^I-Pj J LI KR-StfrManor? L IRR Reached fr Great Neck 4 L I RR Stfr Cedarhurst.. 2 Near Naj league Har LIRR; Stfr Flush- ing LI RR to Shin- necock Hills LIRR; Main Line Stfr Sag Harbor.. 3 LI RR 2 N 1 & R B RR. . . . L I RR LIRR , L IRR; Stfr Wav- erly In Easthampton Vil L IRR; Stfr Rich- mond Hill 2 LI RR;StfrSout- hold 1 Reached fr BeU- port 2 L I RR; St fr Bait- ing Hollow . 7 Street cars fr Bkln. LIRR And by Str Hunt- ington from ft of Pike 8t NY LI RR Near Montauk Point L I RR 1 St frShinnecock.. . 3 L I RR 1 L I RR ; St fr Law- rence Stfr Cedarhurst.. 1 LIRR Reached fr Club House 3 Reached fr Baby Ion Fares to Near- est RR Station or Steamboat Landings. Single. Excur- sions. 30 55 50 1 95 2 70 60 1 00 1 40 2 50 1 10 90 3 50 75 1 35 2 55 45 2 95 4 60 iO 5 30 30 35 35 50 60 2 80 40 2 05 5 1 05 3 70 10 1 90 50 50 90 1 00 2 35 246 Name. S u o Jacob's Point S Jamaica In Jamaica Bay O Jamesport G P B Jenning's Point So B Jericho In Jericho Landing S Jerusalem In Jessup's Neck L P B Jobsburg In Jones Beach O Ketcabonock — ..EastB Kensington In King's Highway .... .In King's Parle In Kingstown Gar B Kowenhoven In Lake Agawam O Lake Grove In Lake Ronkonkoma In Lakeville In Lakewood Park In Lattingtown — In LaxirelHill In Laurelton S Lawrence Point IlellGt Lawrence J B Leffert'sPark In Linden HiU In Lindenhurst GSB Little Bay S Little Gull Island S Little Hog Neck Little Neck Bay S Little Neck S Little Neck S Little Peconic Bay E End LI Lloyd's Neck, ) S Lloyd's Beach Lloyd's Harbor, . . CITIZEN GUIDE. Fares to Near- g » - fi rt (a est RR Station B ,2 p, (D & rt or Steamboat f I I i| Routes. -^ Landings. S I -3 .S;S « Single. ExcuT- Q Ph H fi S sions. Pen 81 Reached fr Aque- bogue 6 Town POT n L I RR 30 50 Bay 5 B & R Beach RR feo , Vil PO T 80 LI RR '.'...".'. 2% 2 35 4 26 Pen North Shelter Is . . Ham PO 28 L I RR; St fr Hicks- ville 2 75 1 .35 Ham 74 LIRR; St fr Bait- ing Hollow. ... 5 2 05 3 70 Loc 30 LIRR; StfrWan- tagh 1 80 1 45 Pen 105 Reached fr Sag Harbor 3 Ham 69 L I RR 3 Is 42 L I RR to Babylon, thence by boat.. 12 110 2 00 Ham 79 St fr Westhampton 2 Vil T 4 Culver Route. 6 10 Loc 5 Culver Route 12 2i Vil PO T 45 LIRR 1 30 2 35 Ham 107 LIRR;stfrSag Harbor 9 2 95 5 30 Vil T 7 Manhattan Beach RR Lake 92 In Southampton VillftETG Vil PO 51 LIRR St" fr' Ron- konkoma 3 1 45 2 60 Lake 51 St fr Ronkonkoma 1 1 45 2 60 Ham POT 19 L I RR; St fr Lit- tle Neck 2 35 65 Sum 80 L I RR .1 Ham 27 LI RR; St fr Lo- cust Valley 2 60 1 10 Vil POT 4 By street cars fr Brooklyn .... 05 10 Ham 38 LI RR;St fr Oyster Bay 3 75 1 25 Pen 5 Reached fr As- toria R R POT 22 L I RR 50 1 03 Ham T 5 B B & W E RR, or Culver Route 07 13 Loc 4 L I RR 1 RR POT 35 L I RR 1 00 1 80 Bay 16 Near Whitestone.. 1 Is 111 Beyond Plum Is- land 15 Pen 91 3 Bay 17 Near Little Neck . . 35 65 Vil PO T 17 LIRR 35 65 Pen 41 LI RR; St fr North- port 3 1 20 2 15 Bay 83 Reached fr South- old Pen 39 LIRR 6 105 2 90 Stfr Huntington,or by Str Portches- terfrN YCity.. 40 75 GAZETTEER OF LONG ISLAND. 247 Name. E .4 O Oi H Locust Avenue In Loc Locust Grove In Ham Locust Grove In Loc Locust Vallej- In RR PO T LonRBeach O Sum PO T Long Beach and Bay. .S Pen Long Island City E R City POT Long Pond In Loc Long Swamp In Ham Luce's Lauding . . . S Loc Lufilow's Lauding G S B Dock Lower Aquebogue In Vil Lynn's Pond In Lake Mauantic Neck Sh Is Pen Manhansett House. . . . Sh Is Sum Manhasset S Manhasset Bay S Manhattan Beach .. .O Mannetto Hill In Manorville In Manor ..In Maple Grove In Mapleton In Mas.sapequa G S B Ma^omack Point Gar B Maspeth In Mastic (Forge) East B Matinnecock S Mattituck G P B Mattituck Bay S Blattituck Lake Q P B Mecox Mtcox B Medford...... In Melville In Merrick GSB Metropolitan In Middle Island In Middle Village In Middleville S Milllmrn (Baldwins). ...H B Miller's Place S Vil Bay Sum Ham Vil Vil RR Vil Vil PO T PO PO Vil P O " 2 5« 13 32 6 31 101 3 71 40 83 49 80 68 101 97 20 20 5 29 67 67 10 5 30 104 Pen Ham T 69 33 RR Bay PO T 84 84 Lake 85 Ilam RR Vil PO PO T T 99 55 34 RR VU Vil PO PO PO T T 26 4 65 Vil PO T 5 Ham Ham Ham PO PO T 46 24 64 Routes. a L IRR L I RR; St frSy OS- set J4 L I RR 1 LIRR LIRR; St fr Pear- sail's 4. .. LI RR; St from Greenport Street cars from Brookl3Ti L I RR; St from Manor 4 L I RR 3 St fr Jamesport. . . 3 StfrSayville 1 St fr Aquebogue.. 1 Reached fr Manor. 1 L I RR; boat fr Greenport . . 5 Boat fr Greenport or Sag Harbor. . . 1 LIRR 1 Stfr Great Neck.. Manhattan B RR. . •LIRR;StfrHicks- ville 3 LIRR; Stfr Man- or }4 L I RR LIRR NY& S BRR LI RR 141 L I RR; St fr Sag Harbor 6 LIRR; St fr Fresh Pond and street cars f r L I City. . 1)4 L I RR L I RR; St fr Lo- cust Valley 1)^ LTRR Reached fr Matti- tuck Reached fr Matti- tuck Stfr Water MiUs... LIRR L IRR; Stfr Farm- ingdale 3 LI RR Street cars fr Bkl3?Ti 1 L I RR; St fr Yap- hank . ... 5 LIRR; St fr Glen- dale \ St fr Kings Park 1 LI RR 1 LIRR; St fr Port Jefferson 3 Fares to Near- est RR Station or Steamboat Landings. Single. Excur- sions. 65 1 55 1 10 1 25 2 80 5 05 35 60 05 2 35 1 50 2 20 2 95 40 05 1 90 10 1 95 3 50 4 26 2 70 3 95 2 95 5 30 5 30 70 75 1 35 95 3 50 95 3 .50 25 40 10 20 85 1 55 2 95 5 80 10 3 40 1 10 4 40 2 75 1 60 4 95 2 90 90 75 1 60 1 35 1 76 3 15 15 25 1 30 2 35 65 1 15 1 70 3 05 S48 CITIZEN GUIDE. Name. Routes. Fares to Near- est RR Station or Steamboat Landings. PO PO H «' 33 52 20 60 122 121 67 10 37 52 Miller's Landing S Har MUl Neck OB Pen Mill's Landing.. : GSB Har Mill's Pond In Ham Mmeola. In im po T Mittyville In Ham Montauk Point O Pen T Money Pond O Loc Moriches GSB Vil Morris Park In Vil Moses Point S Pen Moscow In Ham Mount Misery S Pen Mount Pleasant In Ham Mount Sinai , . . . S Vil P O T Napeague S Loc Napeague Harbor S Ham Nassakeag In Ham Nassau Point LPB Pen Neptune House O Sum ' T New Bridge Ham NewCastb In Ham New Hyde Parle In Vil P O New Lots J B Loc P O New Suffolk LPB Vil PO Newtown In Vil P O T' New Utrecht GB Town PO T New Village ,....In Ham Nicoll's Point GSB Pen Nissaquag S Ham North Babylon In Ham North Beach S Loc North Bellport GSB Vil North Haven Hog Neck Ham North Moriches GSB Loc North Neck B I S Pen Northport S Vil P O T North Sea GPB Ham Northside LPB Ham Northville (Sujees:^).. . S Vil Northwest Harbor.... Gar B Ham 105 52 62 117 117 56 91 23 27 24 18 6 6 53 48 51 40 58 103 65 118 43 95 99 65 2 95 2 00 24 1 70 1 45 1 70 1 70 \ !S Single. Excur- S sions. St f r Port Jefferson LIRE; St fr Bay- ville 2 65 1 15 Reached fr Bay- port 1 L I RR 1 LIRR L I RR u LI RR;Stfr Sag " Harbor 12 St fr Sag Harbor ..22 LIRR 1 LIRR On Centre Island LIRR ly LIRR; St frPort Jefferson 3 St frRonkonkoma 3 StfrPt Jefferson. 1 L IRR; Stfr Port Jefferson xH 170 3 05 St fr Port Jefferson L I RR. 1 L I RR; St fr Pe- ^ conic 4 2 60 4 70 LIRR; Stfr Rock- away Beach St fr Garden City. . 1 Stfr Westbury.. 1 Stfr Hyde Park... Elevated RR in Brooklyn L I RR; St fr Mat- tituck 3 L I RR, Electric J^ cars fr Hunter's Point or street cars f r Brooklyn BB& WE RR; N Y&SBRR.&c. LI RR; St frRon- konkoma 5 Reached frislip... 3 St fr Smithtown.. 3 LIRR; Stfr Baby- lon 2 L I RR;Stfr Wood- side 2 LI RR LIRR; St fr Sag Harbor 1 2 95 L I RR 2 200 Reached fr Sag Harbor 16 LIRR 120 L I RR;Stfr South- ampton 3 2 65 St fr Watermills. .4 2 74 L I RR; St fr Jamesport 4 2 35 4 25 By Stfr Sag Harbor 3 2 95 6 30 65 65 50 1 00 ■ 1 15 90 05 10 2 45 15 4 40 25 05 1 45 1 40 1 10 10 1 75 10 2 60 2 50 2 00 15 3 15 5 30 3 60 2 15 4 80 4 90 GAZETTEER OP LONG ISLAND. 249 Name. Routes. ^ a 0^ H Norwood.. In Ham Noyack LPB Ham Noyack Bay LPB Bay Oakdale In RR PO T Oak Islands GSB Oak Neck Point S Pen Oakville 'In Ham Ocean Point , O Loo Ooeanus O Vil PO Oceanville In Vil Okenock GSB Ham Old Aquebogue In Ham Old Field S Ham Old County Road In Road OldWestbury In Vil PO T Old Town Road In Road Olympic OSB Club PO Oneck O Ham Oregon In Ham Orient .. ..QarB Vil PO T Orient Poin. ...S Ham PO T Owl's Head Nar- rows Pen Oyster Bay S Vil PO T Oyster Bay Cove S Ham Otis Point (Howell's).. OS B Pen Ozone Park In RR POT Parkville In Vil PO T Patchogue OSB RR PO T Pattei-squash Is EastB Is Peacock Point O Pen Pearsalls In RR POT Peconic LPB Vil PO T Peconic Bay, Great . . E End LI Bay Peconic Bay, Little ...LPB Surai Peconic Park Pen Pelly's Bieht S Bay Penny Bridge In RR Peter Neck Point Gar B Pen Pine Island S Pen Fares to Near- est RR Station or Steamboat Landings. Single. Excur sions. 55 1 00 2 95 5 30 1 40 2 50 58 L I RR; St ft- Pear- 103 By St fr Sag Har- bor 4 90 Reached fr Sag Harbor 2 49 LIRR 43 Reached fr Baby- lon 4 36 Reached fr Bay- ville 3 80 L I RR; St fr Quogue 1 2 80 4 15 21 St fr Cedarhurst. . 50 1 00 23 LI RR 20 By St fr Rockville Centre . 1 40 By St fr Babylon. .2 1 10 2 00 79 St fr Aquebogue.. 1 .59 StfrSetauket ... 3 1 05 3 00 38 Fr Deer Park to Hauppauge 25 LI KR; St fr Al- bertson 2 55 1 00 56 Fr Setauket to Bell- port 43 St fr Islip 1 30 2 35 75 St fr Westhampton 2 2 20 3 95 86 L I RR 3 101 LI RR 6 2 80 5 05 St fr Greenport, or by The Montauk SB Co 1 25 1(U LI RR 9 2 80 5 05 4 Near Bay Rids;e 1 36 LIRR And by Str Port- chester f r N Y city 36 By Str Portchester fr NY city 3 61 Reached fr BeU- port . . 2 9 N Y&BBRR.... 5 Culver li'oute 1 55 L I RR 73 Reached fr Mastic 4 31 Reached fr Locust Valley 3 19 LIRR 89 LIRR 80 Reached fr River- head 3 90 Reached fr Peconic 1 91 Stfr Peconic . 3 110 North Southold Is 4 LIRR, and street cars fr LI City... 05 10 110 On Southold Is. 35 L I RR ; St from Bayville 4 65 1 15 40 06 1 00 1 25 75 10 2 90 1 00 4 70 250 CITIZEN GUIDE. Name. -2 cS s Pipes' Cove So B Plainedge t„ Plainfield .,, i^ Plain view Plattsdale .. ...'...'.'.'.'.'in Plum Island S Is Plum Point S Pen Poosepattuck ...in Ham Ponquogue Shin B Ham Port Jefferson g Vil Port Washington in vil S3 Routes. Har Ham Loo Ham Ham ^ H ft n a PO PO PO Ham Sum Pen Bay Vil Ham PO PO T Powder Hill In Hill ^ot"°k Easts Ham Powell's Cove S ^ Promised Land .... .'.'.'oar B Prospect Grove . . ShI Prospect Point s Quantuek Bay. ' o Queens In Quiogue ■■■■ In iaoTpoi„'t'.''':'.'.-----r°^y""' ^O T Ram's Head Shis Ram Island Gar B Randall Park In Raunt (The) 'j b Ravenswood E r Red Cedar Point G P B Pen 5!^'^eek. In Ham K3d Hook Bkhn Remsen's Lauding... G SB Pen Pen Is Ham RR Loc PO Ridgeville In Richmond Hill "in Ridgewood (Wantagh)In Ridge Island. .G S B Rikers Island S Riverhead GPB Roanoke -.....'. !s Robins Island GPB Roekaway In Rockaway Beach. .....O 32 57 30 20 106 30 67 87 60 22 107 15 116 97 31 15 79 81 120 103 108 25 13 82 1 Log : Har PO 2 10 Ham RR Vil Is PO PO T T 65 9 25 62 Is 10 RR Ham PO T 75 79 Is 91 Vil Sum T T 23 15 Reached fr Green- port J St fr Central Park! 8 LIRR .... St fr Central Park 3 LIRR;Stfrrioral Park 2 Reached fr Green- JPort 8 Reached fr Roslvn 6 LIRR ;. 1 LlRR;StfrBay Head ./ 9 LiRH ; ] LIRR;StfrGreat Neck, or by Str Idlewild fr N Y City 5 L I RR; St f r Sag Harbor ... 5 LIRR; St fr West Hampton 2 Near College Pt . . 1 Sf.fr Bridgehampt'n 15 Reached fr Roslyn 7 LI RR; St from Quogue 3 L I RR L I RR 3 L I RR .... ■ gi^ W End Fishers is. 22 LIRR; boat from Greenport 7 Reached fr Kings- town 2 L I RR ;..;■■ lii NY&RBRR...; Street cars f r L I City 2 Reached from Aguebogue 4 LIRR.... 3 Street cars in Bklyn 1 Reached fr South Woodhaven 1 LIRR 5 LI RR LI RR ;;..." Reached fr Bell- ^port 3 Reached fr College Pt 3 L I RR St fr Baiting Hol- low 4 Reached fr Ciit- ehogue 4 LIRR;StfrRock- 2 awavNY&RBRR or by steam boat frNew York Fares to Near- est RR Station or Steamboat Landings. , . Single. Excur- sions. 45 2 80 2 45 1 70 40 2 95 2 20 2 80 1 55 1 55 80 6 05 4 40 3 05 70 5 30 3 95 5 05 05 10 05 10 25 40 2 20 s 95 2 05 S 70 2 55 4 60 55 1 00 PAPER— COPPERSMITfl— BUILDER— MEETING ROOMS. CHARLES F. HUBBS & COMPANY, 419 & 421 Broome St. & 36 Beekman St., NEW YORK. Manilla, Wrapping, Colored, Tissue, Book and Newspapers FLAT AND RULED GOODS, STRAWBOARDS, TWINE, &.c. P. O. Box 1034. MILLS, MILTON. N. H. TELEPHONE CONNECTION Frank: Clarkle, CoppeMilliij,Pliliiig,(jas&Sleaffl 161 & 163 DIKEMAN STREET, Bet. Conover & Pems Sts., SOUTH BROOKI.YN. r' TELEPHONE 953. JOHN LEE'S SONS, 3XJILDE: No. 216 State Street, TELEPHONE, 1385 BROOKLYN. DBn. o o itx^iraxr. SEVENTH AVENUE and NINTH ST., BROOKLYN, N. Y CHAS. NICKENIG, Proprietor. HALL AND MEETING ROOMS — FOR — BALLS, SOCIABLES, WEDDINGS AND LODGE MEETINGS. Elegant Billiard Parlor and BowUng Alleys. CAFE AND WINE KOOM. Connected wth F^^s^Class Oyster and Chop House. Telephone Call, 237 South. AUCTIONEER— WIRE CLOTH— REAL ESTATE. D. L. HAJtDENBROOK, Real Estate, Auctioneer BROKER AND DEVELOPER. Manager of Several Large Subuiban Properties: Jama- ica, Prospect Park Slope and Hackensaek Heights, N. J. offices: 19 Fulton Street, Jamaica, N. Y. flO Seventh Avenue, I ^.^ , , „ 189-191 Montague Street, j- Brooklyn. Real Estate Exchange, Room 144 Pulitzer (World) Building, New "Xork City. Expert advice given on developing pub- burban properties. KINGS COUNTY WIRE WORKS.— PHILIP SCHMITT, MANUFACTURER OF BRASS, COPPER and GALVANIZED WIRE CLOTH, Stoi-e and Office Railings, Garden and Cemetery Work. All kinds of Sieves and Sand Screens. Wire Guards for Church, Factory, School and Cellar Windows. Plain and Landscape Window Screens. 156 Grahain Avenue, bet. Montrose and Johnson Aves. ~ CHAUNCEY CHICHESTDR, REAL ESTATE AND INSURANCE AGENT, CENTRE MORICHES, N. Y. Boarding Houses, Dwellings, Farms and Lots for Sale. furnished houses to rent. ivater fronts a specialty. EAST, WEST, AND CENTRE MORICHES and EASTPORT PROPERTY FOR SALE. "Riverside • House," CENTRE MORICHES, Suffolk County, Long Island, N. Y. — ^^ STJ3VI3VIE5H. jaOJ^JEi.!^.^^^— This house is heautif uUy situated on the shore of the Great South Bay, surrounded by a well-shaded lawn, sloping to the water's edge. Quarter of a niUe of water frontage. Twenty acres of ground. Vegetables from Owner's Farm. One mile from depot, village and post office. Facilities for Bathing, Boating, etc. Bath houses on premises. Surf and still- water bathing. Sail and Row Boats. Good Roads, Pleasant Drives. Wide verandas and large aii-y rooms, most of which command a fine view of the ocean and bay. Cool south-west winds du-ectly from the ocean through the Summer. Accommodates sixty. Private Cottages. Large Barn attached, FOR SAL.E. J' S. BALDWIN, Proprietor. GAZETTEER OF LONG ISLAND. 951 Name. s c o h S ? « -2^ O oj o , S3 Routes. m fO 14 103 11 104 101 99 102 Fares to Near- est RR Station or Steamboat Landings. Single. Excur- sions. Sag Pond O Lake 99 St George's Manor . .GSB Loc C6 St James S Vil PO T 53 St Johniand In Ham T 45 Sammy's Beach GarB Sum 108 Sand's Point S Pen 34 Say^'ille GSB Sum P O T 48 Say^lle Landing ..GSB Landing Scuttle Hole lu Ham 97 Sea Clifl HB Vil PO T 28 Seafleld O Sum 76 Seaford GSB Vil PO 31 Seaside Sum 16 Searingtowii In Ham T 22 SeebonacNeck GPB Pen 89 Selden In Ham PO 57 Setauket S Vil PO T 56 Sexton Is GSB Is 47 Shagwong Point B L S Pen 118 Sheepshead Bay O Vil POT 7 Sheet Nine In Ham 33 Shelter Island BIS Sum POT 99 Shelter Island Heights. Sh Is Sum PO T LI RE LIRR, SShoreDiv Reached tr Oyster Bay 4 St fr Port Jefferson 7 StfrPortJeflerson 6 H RR LIRR St fr Bridgehamp- ton 6 L I RR Or by Str Idlewild frNYCity L 1 RR 4 St fr Sag Harbor 2 5 LIRR;StfrBridge hanipton . 2 LI RR Or by Montauk S B Co"frN Y City.... Reached fr Biidge- hamptou 3 St fr Mastic 4 LIRR L I RR; St fr King's Park 1 St fr Sag Harbor... St fr Great Neck.. 6 LI RR St fr Say ville.. 1}^ L I RR; St fr Bridge Hampton 2 LIR R 1 Or by Str Idlemld fr ft Peck slip andE 31st street N Y LI RR 2 LIRR; StfrMas- sapequa U N Y&RBRR.... 1 LI RR; St fr Al- bertson 1 St fr Shmnecock Hills 2 L I RR; St fr Med- ford 4 LIRR 1 Reached fr Bay- shore 5 Near Montauk Pt..20 Manhattan Beach RR L I RR 2 L I RR 3% Boat fr Greenport; or by Montauk S BCo LI RR; Boat fr Greenport I'-.j 1 70 1 45 45 2 80 65 35 2 95 2 80 2 95 1 90 1 50 1 30 3 05 3 60 80 5 05 1 00 50 B 30 6 05 5 30 2 50 3 40 3 70 1 50 2 70 2 30 55 5 05 1 00 35 50 85 1 55 55 1 00 60 1 05 2 90 3 00 2 80 5 05 1 25 2 50 2 80 5 05 S52 CITIZEN GUIDE. Name. S m o o t^ Shelter Island Park. . .Sh Is Shelter, Island Sound.. E En L I Shinnecock Hills Shin B Shinnecoek Neck Shin B Simonson's Creek J B Skoy 's Pond In Sicith''s Landing G S B Smith's Point GSB Smithport In Smithtown In Smithtown Branch In Smithtown Harbor(Nis- saquag) S Smithville South In Southampton O South Bensonhurst G B South Greenfield In South Haven In South Jerusalem SOB South Northport In Southold SoB Southold Bay E End LI South Oyster Bay E of G SB S Oyster Bay Village. In Southport GPB South Setauket In South Side Club GSB South Woodhaven — In Speonb EastB Spring Field Store ... In Spring Hill In Springs (The) Gar B Springville. Shin B Squireto wn GPB Squassucks In Steinway E R Stewartville Ii Stony Brook S Strong's Point GSB Success (Nor.hville). ...S Suffolk Driving Park.. In 1 O 1 ^ £ s^ o <\> ft 0, H Smn Smn Ham PO T Creek T-ake Ham Ham Ham Vil Vil PO PO T T Ham Ham PO Sum Vil PO PO T T RR Ham PO T Ham Ham RR PO T Bay Bay Ham Ham Ham Club VU Vil Vil Loo Vil Ham Ham Ham Vil Ham Vil Pen Ham Park PO T PO T PO PO T PO T Fares to Near- , W or Steamboat g3 Routes. ^ Landings. 03 Q GO .£(S « Single. Excur- ft ^ sions. 97 L I RR to Green- port 1}4 2 80 5 05 ICO Bet Gar B and L P B 87 LI RR 2 .55 4 GO 94 L I RR; St fr Shin- necock Hilis 3 2 55 4 60 14 Near Rosedale. . . 1 108 Nr Grassy Hollow. 72 L I RR; St from Mastic 3 1 90 3 40 66 L I BR; St from Mastic 4 1 90 8 40 56 L I RR 1 49 LIRR 1 1 40 2 50 50 LIRR 14 140 2 50 52 St fr Smithtown. . . 3 28 LIRR; St f r Bell- more 1^ 75 1 40 92 L I RR 2 65 4 60 6 Electric cars and BB&WERR... 10 18 6 B&BB RR 64 LIRR; Stfr Mas- tic 1 1 90 3 40 29 St fr Wantagb. . . 1 80 1 45 42 St fr Northport.... 1 120 2 15 92 L I RR; or by Mon- 2 70 4 85 taukSB Co 1 25 2 50 90 Bet L P B & Green- port Har 28 Reached fr Wan- tagh 2 34 Stfr Amity villc 1 95 1 70 88 LI RR; St fr Bay Head . 3 2 45 4 40 50 Stfr Setauket 1 165 3 00 47 LI RR; St fr Ishp 1 1 30 2 35 9 LIRR 1 74 LIRR 1 2 15 3 95 14 L I RR; St fr Hol- lis 35 60 33 St fr Flushing 3 20 35 108 St fr Easthamp- ton ..12 87 LI RR; St fr Bay Head 1 3 45 4 40 87 L I RR;St frBay Head 1 2 45 4 40 63 LI RR 1 8 Street cars fr Brooklyn 3 05 10 25 L I RR 2 .56 LI RR 1 1 60 2 90 30 Near Amity ville. . . 2 78 St fr Jamesport... 4 2 35 4 25 46 Reached fr Central Ishp 1 1 30 2 35 GAZETTEER OP LONG ISLAND. 25S Name. *i a (h H Sugar Loaf Hili ShinB Hill Sunken Meadow S Ham Swezey's Landing. . ..S Loc Sweet's Hollow In Ham Swezejtown S Ham Syosset In Vil PO T Terry's Point S Pen Teriyville In Ham PO The Cove Village In Vil Thomaston S Vil PO T Thri-e Mile Harbor Gar B Bay Tiana Shin B Ham Tuckaioe In Ham Tuthiirs Landing S Pier Union Course In Loc Udall'sRoad In Rd Uniondale In Ham Union Place .East B Ham Uniouville GB Ham T Upper Aqiiebogue In Ham Valley Stream In Vil PO T Valley Stream June . . .In RR P O Van Pelt Manor GB RR PO T Van Siclen Station Bklyn Loc Vernon Valley In Ham Wading River S Vil PO Wainscott O Sum PO Wallabout Bklyn Loc PO Wamponissie In Loc Wantagh, (Ridgewood)GSB Vil PO T Washington Square In Loc Water Mills Mecox Bay VU PO T Wave Crest O Vil T Waverly In RR T Wawhoo In Ham West Brighton Beach. .O Sum Wc'stbi-ry In RR PO T West Brookh-n In Loc POT Westhampton East B Vif POT Westhamplou Beach... O Vil PO West Flushing In Vil POT West Hills Ham West Island S Is Westlslip GSB Lob Routes. 88 L I RR; at Shmne- cock Hills 47 St fr -North port.... 2 C8 St f r Port J eff erson 10 31 L I RR (6 St f r Port Jefferson 7 30 LIRR 92 North of Orient Harbor 61 LIRR; St f r Port Jefferson IV^ 36 Near Oyster Bay Vil. 18 LIRR;Stfr Great Neck 110 Reached fr East- hampton 9 87 Stfr Bay Head.... 2 94 LIRR; Stfr South- ampton 3 69 St f r Woodville Ld 7 LIRR 1 40 Fr Ed go wood to Babylon 34 L I RR 2 7.5 StfrSpeonk ... 1 7 BB& W E RR.... 80 StfrAquebogue . 2 IS L IRR 18 L I RR 6 Culver Route; B B & WE RR 6 Street cars in Bro oklyn . .... 42 L I RR; St fr North port 1 73 LI RR; St fr Ma- nor 6 101 LIRR; Stfr Bridge Hampton 3 1 Street Cars in Brooklyn 63 Stfr Yaphank 3 28 L I RR 20 LIRR; Stfr Hemp- stead 2 9,-) LIRR 24 LI RR 53 LIRK 73 L I RR 1 8 B&BBRR 23 LI RR 4 B B & VV E RR. . . . 77 LIRR 1 79 L 1 RR, and St fr Westha run ton. . . 2 12 LIRRN SDiv.... 3.') St f r Huntington . 8 34 Reached fr Dosoris 39 LIRR; St fr Bay Shore 1 Fares to Near- est RR Station or Steamboat Landings. Single. Excur- sions. 2 55 1 30 1 70 1 70 10 1 20 2 80 4 60 2 15 8 0.-) 3 05 1 55 1 70 3 05 45 4 40 65 4 80 70 3 05 15 25 15 3 85 10 18 20 3 95 .50 90 to 90 10 2 15 1 95 3 50 5 05 05 1 75 80 10 3 15 1 45 CO 1 10 2 74 53 1 55 495 1 05 2 80 15 65 03 2 20 25 1 15 06 3 95 2 20 25 1 05 3 95 40 1 90 1 20 2 15 254 CITIZEN GUIDE. Fares to Near- Name. i4 A Oh H WestNeck S Pen Westville In Loc T West Yaphank In Ham Wheatly In Ham Whitestone S Vil PO T Whitestone Landing . . S Pier Wick's Road In Rd Willet's Point S Pt PO T Williamsburgh Bklyn Loc PO T Williamsville In Ham Willow Pond In Ham Willow Tree In Loc Winantsville In Ham Windsor Terrace Bklyn Loc P O Winfleld In RR POT Woodbury In Vil PO Woodfleld ,.In Ham Woodhaven In Vil PO T WoodhullPark In RR Woodlawn In Vil POT Woodsburgh .. . ...JB Vil POT Woodside In VU PO T Woodville Landing — S Ham Wyandance(West Deer Park) In RR POT Yaphank In Vil POT Young Port GSB Ham Zach's Inlet O Chan'l *£ 03 est RR Station oi or Steamboat ^ o Routes. ^ Landings. •^m Single. Excur- w' ' 3 sions. 40 L I RR; St fr Hunt- ington 4 1 05 1 CO 22 L I RR 1 57 St fr Yaphank 4 1 75 3 15 26 L I RR; St fr Ros- lyn 3 .55 1 00 15 LI RR 30 55 16 LI RR 35 60 42 Fr Bay Shore to Brentwood 17 LIRR:StfrWhite stone 2 30 55 2 Street cars in Bklyn 1 05 10 H3 St fr Central Park. 3 80 1 35 50 L I RR 2 11 Stfr HoUis 35 60 8 Street cars fr LI City 1 3 Street cars in Bklyn 05 10 7 LI RR 15 20 33 L IRR; St frSy- osset 2 85 1 55 23 Stfr Hempstead.. 2 60 1 10 S LIRR 20 30 12 LI RR 33 55 5 Culver Route 81 LI RR 50 1 00 7 LI RR 10 15 68 LIRR; St frPort Jefferson 10 1 70 305 33 L I RR 1 05 1 75 1 30 1 90 GO L I RR 3 15 48 Reached f r Islip. . . 4 2 35 38 Bet South and Jones Beaches... TRAVELLEF^S' GUIDE. MeAiis of Reaching and Leaving Brooklyn. Its Surface and Elevated Railways — Hotels — Express Service — Piers and Docks — The Long Island Railroads — Steamboats, Stages and Ferries. In Brooklyn, although the streets are not laid out with the same regu- larity as in New York, the accessibility of every part of the city and its sur- roundings is unexcelled. The surface and elevated railway systems are wonderfully complete and are being constantly improved by the adoption of the modern methods of traction by cable and electricity. Every year very extensive additions are made to the railway conveniences of the city. The entire western end of Long Island is covered with a net work of steam, electric and horse railway lines, so that almost every point within ten miles of the city may be reached with the utmost economy of time and with the greatest personal comfort. On Long Island proper the great earner both for passengers and freight is the Long Island Railroad, which visits by its mam lines or branches all the important centres of popiilation and industry. Stages connect with the railway system and enable the tourist to arrive quickly at any point of inter- est not on the railway line. The regular Long Island steamboat service is, with the exception of the boats that run to Coney Island, Rockaway Beach and the vicinity, confined to points along the north shore and the eastern end of the island. The tables given in this chapter explain them- selves and \vill be found comprehensive as to the means of visiting all parts of Brooklyn and on the island. Official Courtesies. The employees of all the public services are required to be constantly courteous to patrons of every rank. Information or direction as to where it may be obtained is freely given. Assistance, when it does not interfere with the performance of regtilar duties, and is not designed to avoid legiti- mate expense, is to be expected. Bureaus of general information are to be found in all railroad depots, and clerks are in attendance whose sole duty it is to answer all proper questions from those in any kind of perplexity. In- civility should be promptly reported to the authorities, by whom all com- plaints are investigated. Aged or feeble persons are assisted to and from public carriages by the guards or conductors. Persons desiring direction or other information while in the thoroughfares of the city, should apply to a policeman and not to the chance passer-by, who may mischievously or from Ignorance A\Tongly direct or inform the inquirer. Strangers, when in need of assistance, should invariably apply to public officials rather than to pri- 256 CITIZEN GUIDE. vate individuals, for in Brooklyn as in every large city, the confidence man is ubiquitous and well disguised. No exception should be made to this rule after dark. Customs Regulations. Baggage Inspection. — The baggage of all persons, native or foreign, coming into the United States by sea or land from other countries, is sub- ject to inspection by the Customs House officials. At New York, only such as enter the city by steamship are required to submit to this generally un- welcome regulation. Where no attempt is made to escape the payment of duty the Customs officials will be found always courteous and liberal in the iLterpretation of the Customs laws. Passengers are furnished with blanks on which, previous to the inspection, they may describe the dutiable articles in their possession, thus avoiding much delay and possible annoyance. Parents and guardians are allowed in the case of families, to sign and swear to these statements when filled out. Trunks and packages so packed or so promiscuous or valuable in their contents as to render easy inspection impossible, are sent to the appraiser's stores, and there examined. Smug- gling is a costly game to play, as its discovery is published by absolute con- fiscation of the articles concealed. A reasonable amount of wearing apparel and of all other personal effects of a quality in keeping with the station of the presumed owner, which are being worn or show signs of wear, are ad- mitted free of duty. Duty is charged upon all new clothing, and jewelry or watches, new or old, not for personal use. Baggage is examined on be- ing discharged at the steamship docks. As the inspection is quite thorough, persons are advised to afford every facility to the officials, and scruptxlously to avoid obstructing them in their compulsory task. Interference with them arouses suspicion, and suspicion is sure to occasion delay and possibly much unpleasantness. Vessels are usually boarded by the Customs officials just below the entrance to the Narrows in the New York Bay. The duty upon packages received by express from abroad is paid by the express company, and the charges collected from the recipient upon delivery. Facilities for Transmitting Money. There are three systems in use in the United States by which money may be transmitted from one place to another in this country as well as to the most important foreign cities. The first and most popular method is by the Post Office Money Order system, the manner of using which is fully explained in the chapter on Means of Communication. A second equally safe and more convenient means of forwarding money is by ex- press money orders which may be obtained at all the offices of the leading express companies throughout the country. This system has advantages over the others in that the express companies, which are generally exceed- ingly wealthy corporations, are entirely responsible for all money received by tnem, while in the post office system reliability rests with the local agents. Express Money Orders may be purchased at any hour of the day in any of the local offices of the great continental express companies— the Adams, American, National, Wells-Fargo. United States or Southern. The offices of these companies are too numerous to enroll here, but they will be found conveniently located at various points in the city. No writ- ten applications are required. When the order is sent to Europe or other foreign territories the payee receives the full equivalent in the currency of the country where payable. Orders can be deposited for collection in any TRAVELLERS' GUIDE. §57 bank and cashed through the clearing houses m the same manner as checques, drafts, &c. The rates for United States and Canada are about as follows: For orders not exceeding $5, 5 cents; not exceeding $10, 8 cents; not exceeding S20, 10 cents; not exceeding $30, 12 cents; not exceed- ing $40, 15 cents; not exceeding $50, 20 cents. Rates for orders payable in Europe: For orders not exceeding $10, 10 cents; not exceeding $20, 18 cents; not exceeding S30, 25 cents; not exceeding $40, 35 cents; not exceed- ing S50, 46 cents. Orders for amounts exceeding $50 to domestic or for- eign places are issued at proportionate rates. The express companies also furnish travelers' checques which are more convenient and less costly than letters of credit or circular notes and available for payment in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, United States and Canada. The principal hotels receive them in payment of bills, and railroad and steamship companies in exchange for tickets, at the face value. They may also be cashed at almost all the leading bankers. The signature of the traveler is sufficient to secure identification. Cheques are issued for amounts varying from $10 to $100, in any quantity, and the iixed foreign equivalents are printed thereon. The rate for checques payable in the United States is about one-quarter ot I per cent, of their face value, but the minimum charge is 40 cents; and for cheques payable in Europe one-half of one per cent., the minimum charge being 50 cents. The TicLEGRAPH Money Order System is the third mode of forwarding money. For the accommodation of travelers and others, in emergencies, and incidentally to facilitate their own business, the telegraph companies will make transfers of money, in small amounts, containing no fractions of a dollar, between a limited number of its offices. Such transfers will be made upon the following terms and conditions: To cover clerical and inci- dental services a charge is made of one per cent, on all sums of $25 or over, and for smaller amounts the charge is 25 cents in each case. As the usual telegraphic servnce necessary for each transfer exceeds two telegrams of fifteen words each a further charge is made for this service of a sum not ex- ceeding double the tolls on a single message of fifteen words between the transfer places. Payment of the sums transferred is made at the principal office of the telegraph companies at the point designated, upon satisfactory evidence of the personal identity of the payee being produced. The sending of a telegram requesting the transfer of money to its receiver is not suffi- cient evidence of his identity with the payee of such transfers. In case payment is not made to the payee within forty-eight hours after receipt of "the transfer message by the manager of the paying office (exclusive of Sunday and holidays), the transfer will be cancelled and the amount thereof refunded to the sender upon application at the receiving office, but in such case the amount received for services and tolls will be . retained by the telegraph companies. Brooklyn Hotels and Restaurants. The following list contains the name, location and minimum rate per day of the principal first-class hotels in Brooklyn. Many of these hotels are equal in their appointments and service to the best hostelries in the country. Suites of rooms furnished in perfect taste and with the highest degree of elegance are provided. Passenger elevators, electric anunciators, messenger, cab and police call boxes, post-office drop boxes, news stands, parcel check rooms, express offices, bureau of information, and city direc- tories are among the conveniences of these hotels. 258 CITIZEN GUIDE. Brooklyn hotels are conducted on either the European or American plan; the rate by the day includes the charge for both rooms and meals; on the European plan, the daily rate is for room only, and all meals must be paid for separately. Some of the hotels give their guests a choice of both plans. AMERICAN PLAN. Mansion House, 139 Hicks St., $3. Secor House, Clinton and Warren Sts., $1.25, The Wyndham, 89 Henry St., $1. EUROPEAN PLAN. Clarendon Hotel, Washington and Johnson Sts., $1. Hotel Boswyck, Bedford Ave. and South Fifth St., $1. Hotel Brunswick, Concord and Washington Sts., $1. AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PLAN. A., American Plar; E., European Plan. Eagle Hotel, 254 Fulton St., A., $2; E., 50 cents. Hotel De Paris, 230 Duffield St., A., $3; E., $1.50, Hotel St. George, Clark, Pineapple and Hicks Sts., A., $2.50; E., $1. Long Branch Hotel, Fulton and Sands Sts., A., $2; E., $1. Pierrepont House, Montague and Hicks sts.. A., $3; E., $1. The Regent, Clinton Ave., near Greene Ave., for rates apply. Besides the cafes in the hotels above mentioned, the following are the leadmg restaurants in Brooklyn : Clarendon, Johnson and Washington Sts.; Gage's Chop Hcuse, 198 Montague St.; Silsbe & Son, 311 Fulton St.; Silsbe & Co., 460 Fulton St.; Blankley's, 518 Fulton St.; Sherlock's, 585 Fulton St.; Holder's, 282 Cler- mont Ave.; Gilman's, 369 Myrtle Ave.; Gage & Tollner, 374 Fulton St.; Slater's, 1252 Bedford Ave.; Gilman's Jefferson Hall Cafe, Court Square, and Duffy's Chop House, 112 Court St. Guide to Brooklyn in the Shopping Districts. The business center of the city, as the term is generally understood, is embraced in that portion of Fulton street extending from the City Hall to Flatbush avenue, with an extension up that thoroughfare for some distance. Its pivotal point was, until a few years ago, about the comer of Fulton and Tillary streets, while an earlier center still, or what at one time promised to be a dangerous rival to Fulton street, was the lower part of Atlantic avenue. The establishment of Messrs. Journeay & Burnham was the nucleus about which the supposedly future great business street of the city was to gather. Fulton street, with its traditions and ferry facilities, won the day, however, and it only became a question of which portion of the great artery of trade and traffic should be the business center par excellence. The removal of Messrs. Wechsler & Abraham from No. 297-9 Fulton street to the location the new firm of Abraham & Straus now occupy above Gallatin Place, in February, 1885, was the beginning of the exodus to upper Fulton street. Their removal enabled Messrs. S. Wechsler & Brother to enlarge their borders by absorbing the two adjoining stores, but it was only a question of a little time when the latter firm found it necessary to follow suit, and on May i, 1890, ground was broken for their new building, which was opened just a year later. Messrs. Liebmann Brothers,' who had a large real estate interest in the old business center, were compelled to abandon their fine building on Tillary and Fulton and Washington streets, and erect TRAVELLERS' GUIDE. 259 a new structure even higher up on Fulton street. Messrs. Frederick Loeser & Co. had previously built a fine business structure at the intersection of Fulton street and De Kalb avenue.' These changes had settled beyond a doubt the question of where the retail center of trade was to be. Ovington Brothers, Journeay & Burnham, and other firms of the first class were soon in the market to secure eligible sites for the erection of new stores in the vicinity where the grand army of shoppers were daily gathering. The two firms mentioned were determined to outdo the others in the matter of easterly locations and selected that por- tion of Flatbush avenue just off Fulton street. There they put up buildings adjoining one another which are a decided improvement to that section and a credit to the city. Another notable addition to the upper Fulton street colony of big business houses was that of Messrs. W. Wise & Son, who leased and completely remodelled the corner store of the Johnston building on the angle of Flatbush avenue and Nevins street. Messrs. Smith, Gray & Co. were the pioneers in the matter of the erec- tion of tine buildings in this district, having been the first to put up a really fine structure, located on the corner of Fulton street, Flatbush avenue and Nevins street. This was destroyed by fire about a year ago and has just been replaced with an equally remarkable building. Wm. Berri's Sons' carpet warehouse, C. C. Adams & Co., jewellers, and the millinery store of Mr. Milkman, complete the list of original settlers in the section. Other occupants of stores in this favored district are the Brooklyn Furniture Company, Messrs. Browning, King & Co., Mr. S. Koch, Anderson's piano warehouse, The Cowperthwait Company, Messrs. James H. Hart, Limited, and Messrs. T. KeTly & Co. Namm's notion and variety store was moved about two years ago to this hive of industry from lower Fulton street, and Burt's shoe store is another prominent example of early appreciation of the future course of business. The parallel portion of Myrtle avenue has also a very large amount of trade when such sterling houses as Isaac Mason and Mullins & Sons in the furniture trade, R. Fox & Co., dry goods, (a recent removal from lower Ful- ton street,) and other large houses in their respective lines have thriving es- tablishments there. This stretch of streets forms one of the most concentrated centers of retail business in the country; in few other cities can there be found so many large retail business houses within such a comparatively short distance of one another. The firms mentioned above are, of course, only a tithe of the number doing business in the seven or eight blocks referred to. There everything that men or women need for either personal adornment, house- hold use or table supply can be found in as great variety and as handsomely displayed as in the stores of any city in this country at least, if not in the world. Expresses. Express offices in which orders may be left for the removal of trunks, packages, &:c., are to be found in almost every block in the business parts of the city, and at convenient locations elsewhere. The Long Island R. R. Company has an express service with offices at the ticket agencies. Cheques or receipts are invariably given by expressmen when money is paid to them for expressing baggage or when baggage is transferred to their care. Neglect in conforming to this rule frequently entails a great deal of trouble and delay. Expressmen board the incoming trains before 360 CITIZEN GUIDE. they reach the depots, and go through the cars soliciting for the transfer- ring of baggage. As these officials are the employees of the most respon- sible companies, and are recognized by the railroad authorities, they may be relied upon to fulfill any agreement they may make. Receipts are given in exchange for checks relinquished. Care should be taken to give correct addresses, and to see that they are correctly written on the order. Payment at the time of giving the order or upon receipt of baggage is optional. The express companies in Brooklyn may be divided into three classes — foreign, continental and local. The Principal Companies Having Foreign Officcs are: —American, 74 Broadway, 333 Washington St., 726 Fulton St., 296 Flatbush Ave. and 19 Bergen St. ; United States, offices same address as the American; Wells, Fargo & Co. , 333 Fulton St. , and 329 Cumberland St. The Principal Continental Companies are ; — Adams, 52 Nassau St., 4 Court St., 860 Fulton St., and 98 Broadway; American, 74 Broadway, 333 Washington St., 726 Fulton St., 296 Flatbush Ave., and 19 Bergen St.; Eastern Dispatch & Delivery Co., 166 Pierrepont St.; National, 333 Wash- ington St., 730 Fulton St., 398 Bedford Ave., 19 Bergen St. and 296 Flatbush Ave.; Northern Pacific, 333 Washington St., 726 Fulton St., 398 Bedford Ave. and 19 Bergen St.; Pacific, 333 Washington St., 726 Fulton St., 398 Bedford Ave. and 19 Bergen St.; United States, 74 Broad- way, 333 Washington St. , 726 Fulton St. , 296 Flatbush Ave. and 19 Ber- gen St.; Wells, Fargo & Co., 333 Fulton St., and 329 Cumberland St. The Principal Local Companies are : — Long Island, 115 Broadway, 116 S. 6th St. and Flatbush, cor. Atlantic Avs.; New York Transfer Co., 52 Nassau St., 4 Court St., 860 Fulton St. and 98 Broadway; Van Nostrand's, 115 Broadway, 1149 Myrtle Ave.; 560 Grand St., 419 Kosciusko St. and 116 S. 6th St.; Westcott, 74 Broadway, 333 Washington St., 726 Fulton St., 296 Flatbush Ave., and 19 Bergen St. Baggage Checking System. The baggage-checking system employed throughout this country, Can- ada and Mexico, must be regarded as one of the greatest public conveniences of modern times. It has relieved the weary tourist of a burden of anxiety and has simplified travel to a marvelous extent. All the railway and steamboat companies employ this system. A small metal check is used, on which is stamped the number of the check and the name of the railway or steamboat line, and destination of the package to be checked. One of these checks which serve as a receipt, is given by the express office official or baggage master, to a person whose baggage is to be forwarded, while another, the exact duplicate of the first, is attached by a leather strap to the trunk or package. On presentation of the check to the baggage master at the other end of the journey, the baggage is promptly delivered to the owner, who, if he be in a city or town of any importance, may have "it re- checked and sent by express to his residence or hotel. The baggage, un- less otherwise specified, is almost invariably carried on the same train or steamboat with the passenger, so that delays in delivery are reduced to a minimum. Care should be taken not to lose these checks or to pass them into the hands of irresponsible agents or expressmen, as they are not mere- ly orders for the delivery of baggage, but certificates of ownership as well, and the loss of them is sure to entail a great deal of vexation and delay, and possibly loss of property. Although transportation companies are respon- sible at law for all articles entrusted to their care, whether checked or not, it TRAVELLERS' GUIDE. 261 is nevertheless imperatively necessary for everyone to exercise due precau- tion against the loss of checks, receipts and all other evidence of proprietor- ship. In general, complete reliance may be placed on the efficacy of this system. Cabs and Coaches. Brooklyn is provided with an efficient and well equipped cab service. Single horse coupes and hansoms and double horse coaches may be hired either by the mile, hour or day. Although the rates of fare are fixed by an ordinance of the city authorities to prevent extortion, they are still at the mutual discretion of the driver and passenger, and may often be considera- bly modified for special services. To avoid dispute, charges should be agreed upon before entering the conveyance. Children under eight years of age are conveyed free v.-hen in the com- pany of their guardians. Drivers have the right to collect fares when passengers enter the coach or cab. The Legal Rates and conditions are as follows : Mile Rate. — For coaches for conveying one or more passengers any distance not exceeding one mile the rate is $i; and for each and every addi- tional mile or part of a mile, 50 cents. For cabs for conveying one or more passengers any distance not ex- ceeding one mile the rate is 75 cents; and for each and every additional mile or part of a mile, 40 cents. Hour Rate. —For the use of a carriage by the hour, with the privi- lege of going from place to place, and stopping as often and as long as may be req-uired, the charge is $1.50 for the first hour and 75 cents for each and every additional hour or part of an hour. Baggage. — Every driver of coach or cab must carry on his coach or cab one piece of baggage without extra charge; but for any extra baggage he may carry he shall be entitled to such extra compensation as may be fixed by mutual agreement. Distance. — Twenty blocks shall be deemed a mile through all streets lanes and avenues. Disputes. — All disputes as to prices or distance should be referred to the Mayor, at his office, City Hall, room 3. There are no regularly licensed cab stands in Brooklyn. Cabs, how- ever, may be found in constant waiting at City Hall Park, Brooklyn Bridge entrance, the depots of the Long Island R. R., the ferry landings, the doors of theatres and places of public amusement a few minutes before closing, and at many other public places during business hours. Steam Surface Railroads. Suburban railroad travel on Long Island is enormous. The passenger traffic on the Long Island Railroad alone is many millions in excess of that on any one of the great Trunk Lines leading to New York. Last year this system carried about 14,000,000 people. Altogether there are about 500 miles of railway on the island. In the vicinity of Brooklyn there are many local roads running to the nearby towns and resorts, while the Long Island Railway has a monopoly of the business on the rest of the island. In the summer months especially fast and well equipped express trains are run on the Southern and Central divisions of this line to the fashionable seaside re- sorts — Babylop, Bayshore, Patchogue, Southampton, Bridgchampton, etc, 263 CITIZEN GUIDE. Parlor cars are attached to all the fast express trains. Almost all places of consequence on the Island are either situated on the railroad or are con- nected therewith by stage lines. The new depots of the L. I. R, R., the one at Long Island City, and the other at Atlantic and Flatbush avenues, are equipped with every convenience that can afford comfort to travelers, and facilitate traffic generally. The foUowiag are the railroads on Long Island : — Steam Railroads. Brooklyn and Briffhton Beach: Depot, Atlantic cor. Franklin Ave. To Parkville Station, Kings Highway, Gravesend, Siieepshead Bay, and Brighton Beach and Coney Island. Brooklyn, Bath and West End: Depots— Umon Depot, 5th Ave. cor. 36th St., and 2d Ave. cor. 39th St. To New Utrecht, Bath Beach, Bensonhurst, Guntherville, West End and Coney Island. Brooklyn andRockaway Beach Railroad: From Atlantic cor. Vesta Ave., to New Lots, Ca- narsie and Cduarsie Landing; thence, during summer season, by ferry to Rockaway Beach. Culver Route: Depots— 3d ave. and 65th St.; 5th Ave cor. 36th St.; 9th Ave. and 20th St. To Coney Island and adjacent resorts. Long Island Railroad System: Depots— Flatbush Ave. cor. Atlantic Ave.; Bushwick Ave. cor. Montrose Ave. ; Bedford Station (Atlantic Ave. near. Franklin Ave.); East New York; and Long Island City (Hunter's Point). Main Line: To Richmond Hill, .Jamaica, HoUis. Queens, Garden City, Floral Park, Central IsUp, Medford, Yaphank, Manor, Riverhead and Greenport. South Shore ( Montauk) Division— via Main Line to .Jamaica: To Merrick, Amity ville, Baby- lon, Bay Shore, Islip, Sayville, Patchogue, bellport, Moriches, Speonk, Westhampton, Quogue, Bay Head, Shinnecock HiUs, Southampton, Bridgehampton and Sag Harbor. Port Jefferson Branch — via Main Line to Floral Park: To Mineola. Hicksville. Syosset, Cold Spring, Huntington, Green Lawn, Smithtown, Stony Brook and Port Jefferson. Oyster Bay Branch— via Main Line to Mineola: To East Williston, Albertson, Roslyn, Greenvale, Sea Cliff, Glen Cove, Locust Valley, BayviUe and Oyster Bay. North Side Division— Depot, Long Island City: To Woodside, Corona, Flushing, College Point, Whitestone, Douglaston, Little Neck and Great Neck. Far Rockaway Branch — via Main Line to Woodhaven Junction or Jamaica: To Arveme, Wave Crest, Far Rockaway. Also via Main Line to Jamaica: To Springfield, Rose- dale, Valley Stream, Fee hurst, WooJsbnrgh, Cedarhurst, Rockaway, Lawrence and Far Rockaway. Prospect Park and Coney Island— Depots: 9th Ave. cor. 20th St., and Union Depot, 5th Ave. and 36th St. : To City Line, Kensington Junction, Parkville, Washington Station, "Woodlawn, King's Highway, Parkway Driving Club, Brooklyn Jockey Club, Graves- end and Coney Island. New York and Sea Beach Railway— Depot at foot of 65th St.: Bay Ridge to 3d Ave. Junc- tion, Bath Beach .Junction, Mapleton, Woodlawn, King's Highway, Gravesend and West Brighton, Coney Island Sea View Railroad: From Brighton to West Brighton Beach, Coney Island. Long Island Stage Lines and Connections. Nearly all the villages on Long Island are connected with the stations on the L. I. R. R. by stages which meet the principal trains. The fares are regulated by the distance traveled and the special service rendered. Besides these lines there are stage routes across the island to and from the following points: From Port Jefferson to Patchogue; from Riverhead to Westhampton; from Quogue and Atlanticville to Riverhead; from Ama- gansett and Easthampton to Sag Harbor and Bridgehampton; from Orient to East Marion and Greenport; from Manor to Wading River; from Yaphank to Middle Island; from Rocky Point, Miller's Place and Mount Sinai to TRAVELLERS- GUIDE. 263 Port Jefferson; from Medford Station to Coram and Selden; from Comae to Elwood and Greenlawn; and from Setauket to Port Jefferson. Trunk Kailway Lines. The following are the Railways leading to Brooklyn via New York: BiOrTiMORK & Ohio.— Depot at Commiuiipiw, Jersey City : from New York by Ferry from foot of Liberty St. To Philadelphia, Baltimore, ^Vasllin^on, Pittsbm-g,' and Western Cities. Delaware, Lackawanna & Western.— Depot, IToboken; from Xew York by Ferry from ft Barclay St. or Christopher St To Paterson. Lake Hopatcong, Delaware Water Gap Wilkesbarre, Richfield Springs, Scranton, Utica, Syracuse, Buffalo and connections for all Westera cities. Morris & Essex.— Via Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Route and connections. To New- ark, Orange, Montclair, Summit, Morristown, etc. NkwJersev RoiTTHKRN.— Depot at Saiulv Hook, reached from New York by boat from Pier8, North Hiv.r ft. Rector St ; also via Central Railroad of New Jersey by ferry from Liberty St. To all New Jersey Seaside Resorts. New YoiiK & Harlem.— Grand Central Depot, 42nd St. and 4th Av. To White Plains, Lake Mahopac, Berkshire Hills and Chatham, where connection is made witli the Boston & Albany R. R. New York Central & Hudson River.— Grand Central Depot, 43nd St. and 4th Ave ; also depot at 30th St. and lt)th Av. To all points on the East shore of the Hudson River, Albany, Saratoga. Lake George, LakfChamplain, the Adirondacks, Montreal, Sjtr- cuse, Rochester, Buffalo, Niajrara Falls, cnnnecting with Canadian Raih-oads at Niag- ara Falls, Cleveland, Chicago and connections with all Western hnes. New York, Lake Ekie & WESTKRN.—Depot, Jersey City: from New York by Ferry from ft. Chambers St. and foot W. 2:^ii .St. To local points in New Jersey, Port Jervis, Wafkins Glen, Rochester, Buffalo, Niagai-a FaUs, Detroit and connecting with all Western points. Montclair & Greenwood Lake.— Via Erie. To Montclair, Watchung, Greenwood Lake and intermediate points. New York & Greenwood Lake. — Via Erie. To Greenwood Lake and intermediate points in New Jersey. New Jersey & New York. — ^Via Erie. To suburban points in New Jersey. Northern op New Jersey.— Via Erie. To Englewood, Demarest, Sparkill, and Nyack and intermediate points. New York, New Haven & Hartford.— From Grand Central Depot, 42nd St. and 4th Av. To Bridgeport, New Haven, Hartford, Springfield, Boston, connecting with local branches from Connecticut, Vermont and New Hampsliire cities. Harlsm Branch —To New Rochelle, from the rorth side of the Harlem River; depot near 3rd Av. draw bridge . New York & Northkrn,— Depot l.Wth St., 8th Av., via Sixth or Ninth Ave. Elevated Rail- road. To all local points and Croton Lake, Lake Mahopac, Peekskill, etc. New York, Susquehanna &■ Western.— Depot Pennsylvania R. R , Jersey City; from New York >)y Ferry from foot of Cortlandt St. or Desbrosses St. To points 'in Northern and Eastern Pennsylvania, etc. Ontario & Western. —From Pennsylvania Railroad Depot, Jersey City; from New York bv Ferry, from foot of Cortlandt or De^bros-ses St. ; also depot Weehawken, from New York by ferry from foot W. 42)id St, and foot Jay St. To Utica, Oswego, Thousand Islands, Buffalo, Niagara Falls, connecting with all Western lines. Pennsylvania.— Depot at Exchange Place. Jersey City; from New York by ferry from ftiot Cortlandt or Desbrosses St. To Newark, Trenton, and intermediate New Jersey towns, and Philadelphia, Wilmington, Baltimore and all Southern and West- -f ern i)"oints. ItfiADiNG Railroad System. — Central Railroad of New Jersey. — Depot at Communipaw, Jersey City; from New York by ferry foot Lilierty St. To Newark, Elizabeth, Plainfleld, Bound Brook, Allentown, Trenton, Philadelphia and Pennsylvania Coal Regions. Newark and New York.— A branch of the Central of New Jersey. To Newark and inter- mediate points. New York and Long Branch. — Depots, Commimipavr and Exchange Place, .Jersey City; by feny from foot Liberty, or Desbrosses or Cortlandt St. To New Jersey Seaside Re- sorts. 264 CIT12EN GUIDE. Lehigh Valley.— From Depot, Communipaw, Jersey City; from New York by ferry from foot Cortlandt or Desbrosses St. To Phillipsburgh, Easton, liethlehem, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, connecting with all railroads for the North, West and South. Philadelphia & Reading.— Depot, Central Railroad of New Jersey; from New York by ferry foot Liberty St. Staten Island Rapid Transit.— Depot, St. George, S. I.; from New York by ferry from foot Whitehall St. To all points on Staten Island. West Shore & Buffalo.— From Pennsylvania R. R. Depot, Jersey City. From New York by ferry foot Cortlandt or Desbrosses St ; also depot at Weehawken; from New York by ferry from foot W. 42nd St. or Jay St. To all points on the West Shore of the Hudson River, West Point, Newburgh, Catskill Moimtains, Albany, Utica, Oswego, Rochester, Buffalo, Niagara Falls, connecting with all Western lines. Long Island Steamboat Landings. fares prom new YORK. LANDINGS. LINES OR BOATS. N. Y. PIERS. SINGLE. EXCURSION Astoria Morrisania Ft. Fulton St $ .10 Bay Ridge Bay Ridge Ferry Ft. Whitehall St 10 $.25 Bayville Str. Northport Peck Slip 60 1 00 Belden Point Iron S. B. Co Battery PL, N. R 40 Brookways Hartford Peck SUp 1.50 2.25 Centre Island Str. Portchester P't. Pike St 40 .75 Cold Spring Str. Portchester Ft. Pike St 40 75 College Point N. Y. College Point Ferry. . E. 99th St 10 Coney Island Iron S. S Co Ft. W. 23dSt.&B'y PI. .35 .50 Davis Island U. S. Government Boat Ft. Moore & Broad Sts Pass Fort Hamilton U S. Government Boat Ft. Moore & Broad Sts Pass Fort Hamilton Pleasure Bay Ft. Jane St 15 Fort Schuyler U. S. Gtoverament Boat Ft. Moore & Broad Sts Pass aienCove Str. Idlewlld Peck SI. ft. E.31St 35 .50 Glenwood Str. Idlewild Peck SI. ft. E. 81 St 35 .50 Great Neck Str. Idlewild Peck SI. ft. E. 31 St 35 .50 Greenport Montauk S. B. Co Ft. Beekman St 1.25 2.50 Huntington Str. Huntington Ft. Pike St 50 Lloyd's Dock Str. Portchester Ft. Pike St 40 .75 Northport Str. Northport Peck Slip 75 125 Orient Montauk S. B. Co Ft Beekman St 1.25 Oyster Bay Str. Portchester Ft. Pike St.. 40 .75 Port Jefferson Str. Nonowantuc From New York City Roslyn Str. Idlewild Peck SUp 35 .50 Sag Harbor Montauk S. B. Co Ft. Beekman St 125 2..50 SandsPoint Str. Idlewild Peck Slip 35 .50 Saybrook Hartford Line Peck SUp 1.50 2.25 Sea Cliff Str. Idlewild Peck SI. & E. 31 St 35 .50 Shelter Island Montauk S. B. Co Ft beekman St 125 2.50 Southold Montauk S. B. Co Ft. Beekman St 1.25 a.50 Whitestone Str Idlewild Peck Slip WiUet's Point Government Launch Ft. Moore & Broad Sts Pass Brooklyn Flevated Railroads. To the elevated railroad system of Brooklyn must be ascribed very much of the recent development of the outlying and suburban districts of the city. The system, which is but four or five years old, has been grad- ually extended until at present it is possible to reach almost every part of the city by its use. Large stretches of hitherto unoccupied land along the routes of the elevated railroads and beyond their termini have been rapidly converted into populous and thriving business or residential centres. These roads and the surface lines connecting therewith have made the newer portions of Brooklyn the most desirable places in the metropolitan district for the building of dwellings, and seem destined to enable Brooklyn to vie with any city inthe land as a real " City of Homes." Thousands of New York merchants and business men, attracted by the heal thfuln ess of TRAVELLERS' GUIDE. 265 the location, moderate price of land, and above all by the facility of travel, have of late years fixed their residences in Brookljm or its immediate vicinity. The elevated railroads are controlled by two companies, namely, the Brooklyn and Union, and the Kings County. The Brooklyn company con- trols the Broadway, the Brooklyn Bridge, Grand and Lexington Avenue, the Fifth Avenue, and the Fulton Ferry and Myrtle Avenue lines. The Kings County Company controls the Fulton Street line. The fare on all the roads is five cents for any distance, and by a system of transfers on the Brooklyn and Union lines passengers may reach almost any part of the city. The traffic on the elevated lines last year aggregated about 55,000,000 passengers. The system embraces about 22 miles of track, and owns about 120 locomotives and 360 cars. The elevated railway lines and routes in Brooklyn are as follows: Broadway Line —From Broadway Ferry to Fulton Ave., to Van Siclen Ave. Distance, 4 80 miles- mnniug time, 20 minutes. Stations: Broadway Ferry, Di-iggs Ave., Marcy Ave Hewes St.,Lorimer St.. Flushing Ave , Park Ave., Myrtle Ave., De Kalb aod Kosciusko Aves., Gates Ave , Halsey St., Chauncey St. and Broadway Park, Manhat- tan Junction, Alabama Ave, and Van Siclen Ave. Last train leaves ferry at 12:59 A M Brookvn' Bridge, Gra-vd and Lexington Ave. LiNE.-From Brooklyn Bridge via Adams St to Myrtle Ave., to Grand Ave., to Lexington Ave,, to Broadway, to Fulton Ave , to Van Siclen Ave Distance, 6.41 miles; running time, 30 minutes. Stations: Brook- lyn Bridge City Hall, Bridge St.. Navy St , Vanderbilt Ave.. Washington Ave., Grand and Mvrlle \ves , De Kalb Ave., Greene Ave., Frankhn Ave., Nostraud Ave.. Tomp- kins 4ve Sumner Ave , Reid Ave., Gates Ave., Halsey St., Ohauncey St., Manhat- tan function Alabama Ave., and Van Siclen Ave. Last train leaves Bridge at 1:10 A M. Fifth Vvkniie Line.— From Brooklyn Bridge via Fulton St. to Hatbush Ave., to Thu-ty- sixtli St Distance. 4.45 miles; running time, 20 minutes. Stations: Brooklyn Bridge, City Hall Bridt'e St , Fulton St., Flatbush and Atlantic Aves. (Long Island Railroad Station) St. Marks Ave., Union St , Third St.. Wnth St. Sixteenth St , Twentieth St., Twenty-'fiftii St , Thirty -sixth St. Last train leaves Bridge at 12. 13 A. M. FtTLToN Ferry and Myrtle Avenue Link.— From Fulton Ferry via Fulton St. , to York St., to Hudson Ave., to Myrtle Ave., to Wyckoff Ave. Distance, 4.01 miles; nmning time, 34 minutes. Stations: Fulton Ferry, Washington St., Bridge St., Navy St., Vander- bilt Ave , Washington Ave., (irand and Myrtle Aves., Franklin Ave., Nostrand Ave., Tompkins Ave., Sumner Ave., Broadway, Evergreen Ave., De Kalb Ave , Knicker- bocker Ave . Wyckoff Ave. Last train leaves ferry at 12 48 A. M Fulton Street Line.— From Fulton and Sackman Sts. to Williams PI., to Snediker Ave. , til Eastern Parkway, 10 Market St., to Liberty St.. to City Line Distance. 1% miles. Stations: Manhattan Crossing, Atlantic Ave., Eastern Park. Pennsylvania Ave., Van Siclen Ave: This hne is still in course of construction, and will not be open for sometime. Kings County Klevated Railway. — From P\iltou Feiry and Brooklyn Bridge via Fulton St to Williams PI., to Snediker Ave., to Eastern Parkway, to" Montauk Ave Dis- tance, 8 miles; running time, :i3 minutes. Stations: Fulton Ferry, Brooklyn Bridge, Clark St , Ctmrt St. and Myrtle Ave , Boernm PI.. Elm PI and Duffield St.. Flatbush Ave., Lafayette Ave., Cumberland St., Vanderbilt Ave , Grand Ave.. Franklin Ave., Nosirand Ave , Brooklvn and Tompkins Aves , Albany and Sumner Aves., Utica Ave , Ralph Xvf , Saratoga Ave., Rockaway Ave.. Manhattan Crossine, Atlantic Ave., Eastern Parkway, Pennsylvania Ave., Van Siclen Ave.. Linwood St , Montauk Ave. Trains run every 4.5 minutes after 12:30 midnight until 5:00 A. M. Brooklyn Elevated R. R. Co. The following tables of the different branches of the Brooklyn Elevated R. R. Company's lines show the natiies of all stations and the distance of each from either Brooklyn Bridge, Fulton or Broadway Ferry. The num- bers in parenthesis which follow the names of .stations refer to the para- graph following the tables explanatory of the transfer system. The names of avenues and streets along which the railway runs are printed perpendic- ularly, and the stations bracketed therewith are those on the respective ave- nues and streets traversed. 266 CITIZEN GUIDE. ^1 LEXINGTON AVE. LINE. NAMES OF STATIONS. DISTANCE. Brooklyn Bridge o.oo City Hall .0.49 ^* f Bridge Street (0) 0.72 > I Navy Street (1) 0.98 ^-J Cumberland Street 1.30 ^ I Vanderbilt Avenue 1.52 [^ Washington Avenue i . 69 Grand Ave. Trans. (1) 1.85 DeKalb Avenue 2.08 Greene Avenue 2.28 Franklin Avenue 2.61 Nostrand Avenue 2.92 Tompkins Avenue 3.24 Sumner Avenue 3 . 54 Reid Avenue 4 . 00 Gates Avenue* (2) 4.48 Halsey Street 4.89 ^ Chauncey Street. . . . ... 5.29 Manhattan Junction (11).. .5. 69 Alabama Avenue (12) 5-96 Van Sicklen Avenue 6 . 38 Cleveland Street 6 72 Norwood Avenue 7.08 Crescent Avenue 7.47 Jamaica Avenue ' 7 9'> Cypress Hills Cemetery. . ^T'^~ MYRTLE AVE. LINE. NAMES OF STATIONS. DISTANCE. Fulton Ferry 0.00 Washifigton Street o, 30 Bridge Street 0.56 'Navy Street (3) 1.32 Cumberland Street 1.64 Vanderbilt Avenue. ... ... .1 .85 Washington Avenue 2.02 Grand Avenue 2.20 Franklin Avenue 2 . 48 Nostrand Avenue 2 . 78 Tompkins Avenue 3.10 Sumner Avenue 3 . 40 Broadway (4) 3-69 Evergreen Avenue 4.01 DeKalb Avenue 4.25 Knickerbocker Avenue 4.60 Wyckoff Avenue. > ^ ^Ridgewood. ) ^ 0. Transfer for stations on Fifth Avenue. 1. Transfer for stations on Myrtle Avenue. FIFTH AVE. LINE. NAMES OF STATIONS. DISTANCE. Brooklyn Bridge 0.00 City Hall ^, 0.49 Bridge Street (5) o 72 Fulton Street 1.24 Flatbush & Atlantic (13). . . i .63 St. Mark's Place 1.89 Union Street 2.22 Third Street (6) 2.51 Ninth Street 2.82 Sixteenth Street 3.16 Twentieth Street 3.41 Twenty-fifth Street (7) 3-64 Thirty-sixth Street (8). . . .4.22 Fortieth Street 4.71 Forty-sixth Street 4.97 Fifty-second Street 5.27 Fifty-eighth Street 5 . 56 Sixty-fifth Street (14) 5 . 89 BROADWAY LINE. NAME OF STATIONS. DISTANCE Broadway Ferry 0.00 Driggs Avenue 0.35 Marcy Avenue 0.61 Hewes Street 0.89 Lorimer Street i . 19 Flushing Avenue 1.55 Park Avenue i . 80 Myrtle Avenue (9) 2.05 DeKalb Avenue 2 47 Gates Avenue (10) 2.90 Halsey Street 3.31 Chauncey Street 3.71 Manhattan Junction 4. 11 Alabama Avenue 4.38 r Van Siclen Avenue 4.80 J Cleveland Street 5.14 I Norwood Avenue 5 . 50 Crescent Avenue 5 . 89 Jamaica Avenue / , Cypress Hills Cemetery. .\ '^^ ^l TRAVELLERS' GUIDE. 267 2. Transfer for Broadway Ferries. 3. Transfer for stations on Grand and Lexington Avenues. 4. Transfer for stations on Broadway. 5. Transfer for stations on Myrtle and Lexington Avenues. 6. Washington Park Ball Ground. 7. Greenwood Cemetery. 8. Connect with P. P. & C. I. and B. B. & W. E. R.R. for Coney Island. 9. Transfer for stations on Myrtle Avenue. 10. Transfer for stations on Lexington Avenue. 11. Connect with L. I. R.R. for Manhattan Beach. 12. Connect with B. & R. B. R.R. for Canarsie and Rockaway Beach. 13. Connect with L. I. R.R. for all points on Long Island. Trains on Lexington Avenue, Fifth Avenue and Broadway run all night. Trains on Myrtle Avenue run from 5 A. M. to i A. M. 14. Connect with N. Y. & M. B. R.R., and N. Y. & S. B. R.R. for Coney Island. For all Cemet-eries, Prospect Park, Ball Grounds and connections with surface railroads to all points on Long Island and Coney Island, reached by the Elevated Railroads, see general street map of Guide. Kings County Elevated Railway. This road represents the best type of overhead carriage known to-day. In its construction the defects of earlier roads were remedied and every- thing possible done to insure speed and safety and guard against the pos- sibility of interruption. The same desire to promote the comfort and con- venience of passengers is observable in the roUing stock of the road. All the cars are of elegant construction, and are distinctly superior to the cars ordinarily run on elevated roads. Men are particularly partial to this road because the last car of every train is a smoker where the unfinished cigar may be consumed in peace. The route of this road is an interesting one. It starts at Fulton Ferry, has a station connected by a covered walk with the Bridge and continues on up Fulton street past the City Hall, Beecher Statue, County Court House, and Hall of Records. Next comes the fashionable shopping district. At Franklin avenue close connection is made with the trains of the Brooklyn and Brighton Beach R. R. , a direct and pleasant route to the coast. At Manhattan crossing, which is within one minute's walk of the Cemetery of the Evergreens, direct connection is made with the Electric Railroad which passes the entrances to the following cemeteries: National Soldier's, Salem Field, Jewish Cemetery, Union Fields, Cypress Hills and Mount Neboh. Ridgewood Park and Reservoir are also reached by this road, which extends to Woodhaven and Jamaica. At Eastern Park station are the grounds of the Brooklyn Baseball Clubs where many of the championship games are played. The terminus of the road is at Montauk avenue. The running time each way is 35 minutes. Brooklyn and Brigfliton Beach Railroad. The easiest way of reaching Brighton Beach is by this road, which connects at Franklin avenue with the Kings County Elevated Railway. The fare is only fifteen cents for a single trip, and twenty-five cents for a round trip. Brighton Beach is the great popular resort of the people who wish to avoid the boisterous frivoHty of one end of Coney Island, and tk^ 268 CITIZEN GUIDE. extravagant cost of diversion at the other. It has the best beach for bath- ing on the coast, a superior hotel, good restaurants where prices are mod- erate, and excellent music. Brooklyn aud Rockaway Beach Railroad. Canarsie is usually the first objective point of all parties bent on the enjoyment of Jamaica Bay's attractions. To get there most easily, take the Kings County Elevated Railway to Atlantic avenue, and there change to the Brooklyn and Rockaway Beach Railway which runs directly to Can- arsie Landing and connects there with the ferry to Rockaway Beach. Canarsie Village and Grove are also reached by this road. Canarsie Land- ing is famous for its fish dinners, which may be had cooked to perfection at any of the larger hotels. During the season there are also concerts every afternoon and evening. The excursion fare to Canarsie Landing is only twenty cents. Trains run every half hour as a general thing and at shorter intervals on Sundays and holidays. Brooklyn Surface Railroads, The surface railroads of Brooklyn afford a most complete system of local passenger traffic. Until recently the only mode of traction was by horses, but within the past year or so the underground cable and the elec- tric trolley systems have been introduced and operated with success. The latter system is employed on many of the principal surface roads in the city, notably the Brooklyn City, De Kalb Avenue, Brooklyn and Coney Island, Third Avenue and Atlantic Avenue lines. The traffic of the surface lines is enormous, last year aggregating over 150,000,000 passengers. About 7,000 men, 5,000 horses and motors, and 3,000 cars are employed on these roads. The total length of track is about 225 mUes. The largest surface railway company is the Brooklyn City, which owns over 88 miles of road and carries 78,500,000 passengers annu- ally. Its equipment embraces over 1,600 horses and motors, and about 1,550 cars. It has introduced electricity as a mode of traction on many of its lines. The fare on aU lines, for any distance, five cents. The capital letter or letters following the description of each of the sur- ace railroads in the foUowing list is the letter by which the Surface road is re- lerred to in the text — but more especially on the Brooklyn Surface R. R. map at page 279. The key in the corner of this map shows that squares or locations on the map indicated by the letters and numbers are reached by the surface railway lines designated by the letters following them as above explained. E. G. — Square D 6 is reached by the surface railways indicated by the let>,ers E, O, W, Mm, or Ww. The names of the surface railways are In alphabetical order, as are also the key letters. The following are the surface railway lines and routes in Brooklyn: Adams St. Line: From Fulton Ferry throiish Fulton to Front, to Catherine Ferry, to Adams (Brooklyn Bridge), to Fulton (City Hall and Court House), to Boerum Pi., to Atlantic Ave., by transfer at Long Island R. R., returning by same route. Depot to and from Butler St. line; 5th Ave., by transfer at l5th St , to and from 15th St. line to 5th Ave., to Greenwood Cemetery, main entrance. Last night car leaves 2.3 J St. and 5th Av. at 11:30, and Fulton Ferry at 12:07 A. M. A. Bergen St. Line: From South Ferry, through Atlantic Ave. by transfer at Hicks St.. to and from the Hicks St. Crosst^wn line, to Boerum PI., by transfer at Hoy t St., to and from the Hoyt St. Crosstown hne, to Bergen, to Rochester Ave., returning by same route. Last night car leaves Rochester Ave at 13:14 A. M., South Feiry at 12:.55 A. M. B Broadway Fei-rv, Metropolitan Ave R. R. (North 2nd St. Line): Foot of Broadway, through Metropolitan Ave., or N. 2d St.. to Lutheran and St. John's Cemeteries; returning by same route. Last car leaves foot Broadway at 1 ; 10 A. M. C. TRAVELLERS' GUIDE. 269 Brooklyn HoiRhtsR. R. (Cable Line): From Court and Montague Sts., through Blontague St., to Wall St. Ferry, returniug by same route. D. Bushwick Liui': From Grand, lioustouaml Roosevelt St. ferries alone: Kent Avo. to Broadway, to Bedt'onl Ave., toH. 4ihSt , to Mescrole St., to Bush wick Ave., to Myrtle Ave., to City Line; returning by s;ime route. Transfer at Graham Av. and Meserble St., to Graham Av. line, and at Flushing and Bushwiek and to Flushing and Union Ave. lines. Nisrht cn-s leave Ridgewood atl-.2:04, UyH, U:ol, 1:24, 2:00, 2:34. 3;ni, 3:40, 4:14, 4:44; ferry at 13:47, 1:07, 1;;}7, 'Z-.n, 3:17. 3:47. 4:2:?, 4:.'")7aud 5:27 A. M. E. Butler St. Line: From South Ferry, through Atlantic Ave. by transfer to Hicks St., to and from Ilicks St. Crosstowu liiio by transfer at Long Island Depot to .5th Ave, City Hall and 7th Ave. luies, to'W;ishin::tou Ave., to Buiier, to New York Ave . returning by same route. Last night car leaves Kostraud Ave. at 11:33 P. M, and South Errry at 12:09 A. M. F. Calvary Cemetery Line: From Greenpoint Ferry via Greenpomt Ave., to Calvary Ceme- tery (new entranci'i, returning' by same route. Last cur leaves ferry at 12:10 and Cal- vary Cemetery 1J:3() A. M. (Jr. Coney Island Line: From Park Circle of Boulevard to Brighton Beach and Vanderveer's Hotel, Coney Island, returning by same route. First cars leave at 6 A. iM. and every five minutes thereaftt,>r imtil 12' P. M. in the Summer season ; in the Winter season, every half hour. Retiu-tiing the last car leaves at 1 1 :3t) P. M. H. Coney Island and Brooklyn Electric Railroad (Main Lino:— From P'ulton Ferry, through "Water, to .Main, to Prospect, to .lay, co Smith, to Nintli, to Fifteenth, to City line; re- turning l)v same route. Open allnight. Cai s run every hour at and after 12:35. I. Court street and Greenwood Trolley Line: From l<'ultou Ferry through Fulton to Court, to Hamilton Ave., to Third Ave., to Twenty-flfth St., to Fifth Ave., to Greenwood Cem- etery connecting with Coney Island and Fort Hamilton trains; returning by same route. Nightcarsleavedepot at 11:.53, 1:2:3, 1:53. 2:23,2:53,3:23,3:53, 4:2.3, 4:43; and FuHon Ferry at l::i7, 2:07, ^:37, 3:07, 3:37, 4:07, 4::57. 5:07,5:22 A. M. J. Crosstown Line: From Erie Basin, through Richard St. to Woodhull, to Columbia, to At- lantic Ave., (South Ferryi, t(^ Court St., to Joralemon, to Willoughby, to Bayirond St., to Park .\ve., to Washington Ave., to Kent Ave., to Broadway (passing Grand and Roosevelt Ferries), to Dri^rgs Ave , Van Cott Ave , to Manhattan Ave., to New- town Creek. Annex to L'lng Island City through Ve^on Ave., and Borden Ave., to 34tli St. Kerrj- and Long Lsland R. R. depot; return same route except Bedford .\ve , instead of Dnggs Ave. .and Navy St., instead of Raymond St. Night cars leave both de- pots 1 :(X), 2.'30 and 4:00 A. M. K. Cypress HiUs Extension: From Fulton St. and Alabama Ave., through Fulton St. to Cy- press Ave., to the maiu entrance Cypress Hills Cemetery; returning by same route. Cypress Hills Line: From city line to St. Nicholas Ave. to Myrtle Ave., to Cypress Ave., to Cvpress Hills; retiu-ning by same route. Last car leaves City Line at 9:15; Cypress Hills 9:3i). M. DeKalb Avenue Line: From Fulton Ferry through Water St., to Wasliington St., to Fulton St., to DfKallj .\ve.. to Wykoff Ave . ; returning by same route. Night cars leave de- pot 12:0.^ 12:20, 12:.3.5, !::«. 2:05, 2:35, 3:24, 3:52, 4:22. Leave Bridge 12:37, 12:51, 1:07. 1:22, 1:.V2, 2:^:2, 2:52. 3:22, 4:21 ; 4:51, 5:20. N. East New York Line: From Broadway Ferries through Broadway to East New York; re- tiu"n same route. Night cars leave the ferry at 1:50, ;^:30, 3:10,3:50, 4:30, 5:10; leave depot at 1:00, l :40, 2:20, 3:40, 4:<;0. O. Fifteenth Street Line: From Hamilton Ferry through Hamilton avenue, by transfer at Hicks St. to and from the Hi':ks St. Crosstown line, to 1.5th by transfer at 5th Ave . to and from the City Hall and Fifth Ave, South Ferry Lines, to !)th Ave. to 20th St. (Culver's Depot); returning by same route Last night car leaves depot at 11:36; Hamilton ferry 12:10. P. Flatbush Avenue Line: From Fulton Ferry, through Fulton St. to Flatbush Ave-, to Pros- pect Park and Flatbush; returning by same route; Night cars leave Flatbush Depot at 13. 12:2.5. 12:55. 1:2.5. 1:.55, 2:5.5. 3:25. 3:55, 4:31 A. BL ; and Fulton Ferry at 12:51. 1:21, 1:.51.2;21,2:51, 3:21, 3:51, 4:21, 4:.51, 5:21 A. M. Q. Flushing Avenue Line: From Fulton Ferry, tlu-wugh Fulton to Sands, to Hudson Ave., to Flushing Ave., to Broatlway and Graham Ave., to Van Cott Ave., to Manhattan Ave., to Greenp >int Ave,, to 2:idand 10th St. Ferries, Greenpoint. Transftrs passengers to Greenpoint line at Classon and Flushing Aves. , and to Ridgewood and Grand St., and Bro:ulway Ferries at (Jraham Ave., and to Meserole St , and to Union Ave. line HtThVoop and Flushing aves; retuniing by same route. Night cars leave 10th and 2M St. Ferries (Van Cott Ave 10 minutes later), at 12:08, 1 • :23, 123S. 12:.53, 1 :08, 1:3-1, 2:0S, 2::3S, 3:08, 3:.H 4:0-t, 4.;i8 A. M., and Fulton Ferry, 1:08, 1:23, 1:38, 1:53, 2:22, 2:52, 3:22, 3:52, 4:22, 5:22, 5:3:-<. R. Fort Hamilton Electric Line: From Twenty -sixth St. and Third Ave., to Fort Hamilton, along Third Ave., retiuToing by same route. Last car from depot to Fort Hamilton, 270 CITIZEN GUIDE. 1.00. Leave Fort Hamilton, 1.30. Ni^ht cars leave Twenty -fifth St. depot for City line only at 1.40 2 10, 2.40, 3.10, 3.40, 4.10, 4.42, A. M.; leave city line: 2 05, 2.35, 3.05, 3.3J, 4.05, 4.35, 4 58. A. M.; passengers transferred to Thirty-umth St. Ferry when comini2: from Fort Hamilton at Sixty-fifth St and Third Ave. fS. Franklin Avenue Liue: From foot of Grand St., through Water St. , to Kent Ave., to South Eigtith, to Wythe Ave., to FranliHn Ave , Prospect Parlv, and returning bysame route. Last night car leaves Franlvlin Ave. and Carroll St. depot at 12.04, and Grand St. Ferry at 12. "iO A, M Transfers passengers at cor. of Franiclin and r)<.-Kalb Ave. T. Fulton Street and East New York: From Fulton FeiTy along Fulton St. to East New York, returning by same route. Nigat cars to East New York: 12.08, 12 28, 12 48, 1 .08, 1.28, 1 5 i, 2.2G, 2.50, 3 26, 4. 1, A M. ; and from Fulton Ferry: 1.08, 1.28, 2.08, 2 30, 3 00. 3.30, 4.r0, 4.30, 5.01, A. M. U. Furmaii Street Line: From Fulton Ferry, along Furman St. to Atlantic Ave (South Brook- lyn), to Columbia St., to Sackett St.. to Haiuilton Ferry; returning by same route. Transfers to Van Brunt St. and Erie Basin liue and to Hamilton Ave. line from Hamil- ton Ave. V. Gates Avenue Line: From Fulton Ferry, through Fulton St. , to Greene Ave., to Franklin Ave., to Gates Ave., to Ridgewood; returning by same route. Night cars from Ridge- wood at 12 37, 1.12, 1 52, 2 .37, 3.05, 3.52, 4.27, A. M. ; and from Fulton Ferry at 1.32, 2.09 2.47, 3 32. 4.06, 4.47, 5 16, A. M W. Grand Street Line: From foot of Broadway, through Kent Ave., to Grand St , to Maspeth and Newtown; returning by same route X. Greenpoiiit and Bushwick Line: This line is operated by system of transfers on Flushing and Bushwicic lines. Y. Greenpoint Line: From Fulton Ferry, through Fulton St., to Myrtle Ave. to Classon or Washington Ave , to Kent Ave., to Franklin St.. to Commercial St., to Newtown Creek; retm-ning bv same route Transfers to Flushing Ave. line at Classon and Flushing Aves. Night cars leaves Hunter's Point Bridge at 12.08, 12.30, 1.03, 2.00, 2.30, 3.30, 4.29, A. M. ; and Fulton I'erry at 1 12, 1.37, 2.07, 3 07, 3.37, 4.37, 5 m. Z. Greenpoint and Lorimer St Line: From Nostrand and Park Aves , through Nostrand Ave., to Gwinnett St., to Lorimer St., to Nassau Ave., to Manhattan Ave , Greenpoint Ave., to 10th and 2Hd St Ferries; also from (ireenpoint Ave. through FrankUn St. to Mese- role Ave., to Manhattan; returning by same route. Transfers passengers to the Nos- trand Ave. Line at Park and Nostrand Ave Aa. Greenwood Cemetery Line: Frauldin Ave. (Willmk entrance, Prospect Pai^,) to Green- wood; returning by same route. Bb. Greenwood Line: From Fulton Ferry, through Furman street, passing Wall St. and S. Ferries, to Atlantic Ave., 5th Ave. by transfer at 15th St. to and from lijth St line to Green- wood Cemetery; returning by some route. Night cars leave depot: 13.05, 12.25, 1.:,.55, 1.35, 1.58, 2.25, "2.55, S.iB, 3.5.i, 4,25. 4.48, 5.12, 5.24; Fulton Ferry 1.'.02, 12.22, 12.47, 1.17, 1.47, 2.17, 2,47, 3.17, 3.47, 4.17, 4.47, 5.17. Cc. Hamilton Avenue Line: From Hamilton Ave. Ferry, through Hamilton Ave. to Third Ave. to 25th St., to Greenwood ( emt'tery and connecting at 3rd Ave. and 25th St., bv traina to b'ort Hamilton, Bay Ridge and Coney Island; returning by same route. Dd. Hamilton Avenusand Prospect Park Trolley Line: From Hamilton Ferry, through Hamil- ton '^ve.. to Ninth St., to Prospect Park; returning by same route. Last night car leaves ferry, 12.10, A. Jt.. and depot at 11.37. Ee. Hicks St t^rosstown Line: From Fulton Ferry by transfer at Brooklyn Bridge, through Washington to Concord, to Adams, to Fulton, to Atlantic Ave., to Hicks, by transfer at HicUsSt, to and from Benren, Butler and 5th Ave., South Ferry lines to Hamilton Ave , by transfer at Hamilton Ave , to 15th, to P*rospect Park, by transfer at 5th Ave to Greenwood Cemetery and 9th Ave., to Prospect Park and Coney Island R R., and Greenwood Cemetery; reti-.rning ly same route. Last car leaves Hamilton Ave. at 1 1 : 30, B rookly q Bridge at 1 1 :05. Ff . Hoyt St Crosstown Line: From Fulton Feiry by transfer at Brooklyn Bridge through Washington, to Concord, to Adams, to Fulton (to Court House and City Hall), to Boe- rumPl., to Bergen, to Iloyt, transfer .it Hoyt St. and from the Bergen St. line to Sackott, to Hamilton Ferrj-, returning l)y same route. Last car leaves Hamilton Ferry at 1 :10 and Brooklyn Bridge at 12:40 (Ig. Jamaica and Brooklyn Line: From Manhattan Crossing station of Kings Comity Elevated R. R. and Alabama Ave., station of Union Elevated R. R , for National, Salem Field, Cypress Hills and Mt. Hope Cemetery, Woodhaven, Clarenceville, M orris Park, Rich» mond Hill and Jamaica, returning by same route Cars leave Jamaica at 5:30 and 6:15 A M . and every 15 minutes thereafter untd 10:45; then 11:15, 11:30 and 11:45 P M. Oars leave Manhattan Station at 6:15 A. M.. au'l every 15 minutes thereafter until 11 P. M , and tiien at 12: 15 midnigbt. Cars leave Manhattan Station for Woodhaven only at 11:15, 11:30, 1.^:00, 12:30 P. M. and 12:45 (Sundays). Hh. Knickerbocker Ave. Line: This line is an extension of the Union Ave. line. li. Leeand Nostrand Ave Line: From foot of Broadway to Driggs Ave., to Division Ave., to TRAVELLERS' GUIDE. 271 Leo Ave., toNostrand Ave., to Malbone St., to Willink entrance, Prospect Park, re- tuinins bv same route. Night car.s leave depot at 12:1S, 12:40, 1.1.5. :e.OO, 2:^r-,, 3:30, 4:20 A. -M., and feny at 12:.-)8, 1:;.0, 1:.5.5. 2:40. 3:2.5, 4:10, 5:00 A. M. Transfers Pas- senprer to LoriunT St. line at Nostrand and Park Aves. Jj. Lutheran Ceiiietery Line: From City line to Myi-tle Ave., to Palmetto, through private property to Metropolitan Ave., retiu-ning by same route (Lutheran Cemetery, Mid- dle village.") La-^tcar l'>aves city line at 10:10 and Middle Village at 10:12 P M. Kk. Meeker Ave. Line: From foot of Broadway, through Kent Ave. to Grand St., to Humboldt, to Meeker Ave., to Calvary Cemetery (old enirance), rsturniug by same route. Lasi. d;iy car leaves depot at 12:53, and ferry at 1 :02. LI. Myrtle Ave. Line: From Fidton Ferry, thri)U;:rh Fulton St. to Myrtle Ave., to Ridgewood. returning by Bane route Night cars leave depot at 12:19, 12;49, 1:19, 1:49, 2:19, 2.49, 3:19, 3:49, 4:19, 440, and 4:51 A. M . and Fulton Ferry at 1:^2, 1:52, 2,22, 2:52, 3:22, 3:52, 4:22, 4:52, 6:22 and 5:.52 A. M. Mm. Park Ave. Line: From Fulton Ferry, through Water, passing Catharine Ferry, to "Wash- ington (Brooklyn Bridge), to Concord, to Navy, to Park Ave, to Broadway, to Park, to Beaver, to Bustiwirk Ave . to Jefferson, to ( entral Ave., returning by same route. Last night e;ir leaves Central Ave at 10:t)0and Bridge at 9:20. Nu. Prospect Park and Holy Cro.ss Cemetery Line: From Flatbush Ave, cor. Malbone St., through Malbone St. to Clove Road, Clarkson st. (Almshouse. Hospital and Asylum), and Canarsie Lane, to Holy Cross Cemetery, returning by same route. Last night car leaves Prospect Park at 7 P. M. , and Cemetery at 7:v!5 P. M. Oo Putnam Avenue Line: From Fulton Kerry, through Fulton St. to Putnam Ave., to Nos, trand Ave., to Halsey St, to Brondway, returning by same route. Last night car leaves depot at 12:15 A. M .. and Fulton Ferry at 1 :05 A M. Pp. Ralph Ave. Line: Krom Broadway and Ralph Ave., through Ralph Ave., to Atlantic Ave, East New York ears traiiisfer both ways, returning by same route. Last connecting car leaves ferry at 12:00 midnight. Qq. Reid Ave Line: From Broadway ferries, Broadway to Reid Ave., to Fulton St , to Utica .\ve., to .Atlantic Ave., returnintr by same route. Night cars leave ferry at 2:10, 2:£0, 3:30, 4:10, 4:.55, and depot at 1:.30, 2:10, 2:50, 3:40, and 4:10 .A. M. Rr. Richmond Hills Line : Ridgewood at city line, along Myrtle avenue to Richmond Hill. Returning lyy same route. Rrr Second Avenue Electric Line: 30th St. Ferry, through 2nd Ave., 65th St., 3rd Ave., Bay KidgeAve., 1-ith Ave., 8Gth St., 2.5th Ave., to Gravesend Bay; returning by same route. Last night car leaves :^9th St. Ferry. 12 o'clock ; and Unionville 12.40 A. M. Transfers passengers at 65th St. and Third Ave., for Fort Hamilton only when coming from 39th St. ferry. Ss. Seventh Avenue line: From Fulton Ferry, through "Water, (Catharine ferry"), to "Washing- ton (Brooklyn Bridge,) to Ftilton (City H.'illand Court House,) to Boerum PL, to At- lantic Ave., by transfer at Long Island R. R depot, to and from the Butler St. line; to 5th Ave., to Flatbush Ave., to 20tli, to 9tli Ave., connecting with Prospect Park and Coney Island R. R at 20th; returning bv same route. Night cars leave 20th St., and 7th Ave.: 12.29, 12.59, 1.29, 1.59. 2.29, -.'..59. .3 29, 3.59,4.29. 4.59, stopping at Bridge and transferring at Long Island R. R. depottoand from connecting at 5th Ave. cars. Leave Bridge: 1.05, 1.35, 2.05, 2.35, 3.05, 3.35, 4 0.5. 4.35, 5.l 5, 5 .35. Tt. Sumner Avenue line: From Broadway ferries, through Broadway to Sumner Ave., to Ful- ton St., to Troy Ave., to Bergen St.; returning by same route. Last night car leaves ferry at 1.19; depot at 12.40. Uu. Third Avenue Eleotri^; Line: From Fulton Ferry, alone: Fulton St., to Flatbush Ave., to 3d ave to 25th St.. to Greenwood Cemetery, connecting with trains to Fort Hamilton. Bav Ridge and Coney Island; returning by same route. Last night car from Ferry at 12.40 A.M. Vv. Tompkins Avenue Line: From Atlantic and Kingston Aves., along Kingston to Fulton, to Totnpkins, also from Atlantic and Nostrand Aves., along Nostrand to Fulton, to Tompkins Ave , to Harrison Ave., to Division Ave., to Roebling St., to Broadway, to Roosevelt and (Jrand St. ferries; returning by same route. Last night car from depot at 12 04 A. .M . ; from ferry 1.20 A. iM. Ww. Union Aveime Lino: From City line at Metropolitan and Flushing Ave., through Flushing Ave., to Tlu-oop, to Broadway, to Uni )n Ave., to Driggs, to Van Cott, to Manhattan, to Greenpoint, tolOth and 23d St. femes; also from Ridgewood, through Myrtle to Knickerbocker, to Flushing, and from Throop and Park Aves., througn Throop, to Flushing Ave., and also from Van Cott and Oakland, throu<:h Oakland to Box St., to Manliattan Ave. ; returning bv same route. This line transfers passengers to Flushing Ave. line at Tiiroop and Flushing Aves., and also at Bushwick and Flushing Aves. to the Bushwick Ave. line. Xx. Van Brunt Street and Erie Basin Line: From Hamilton Ferry, through Hamilton Ave., to Van Brunt St., to the Erie Basin, through Elizabeth St., to Columbia St., Erie Basin Dry Docks ; returnlDg by same route. Transfer tj Brooklyn City R, R. to Fulton 272 CITIZEN GUIDE. Ferry passing all ferries; also by South Brooklyn Central R. R. from Hamilton Ferry, through Sackett. Hoyt and Bergen Sts.. to Albany Ave., and from HamDton Ferry via Coney Island and Brooklyn R. R., to Prospect I'ark and Coney Island. Yy. Vanderbiit Avenue Line: l<'rom Fulton Ferry, through Water (CJatherme Ferry), to Wash- ington, (Brooklyn Bridae). to Concord, to Navy, to Park Ave., to Vanderbilt Ave., to Park Plaza, (Prospect Park), to 9th Ave., to Greenwood Cemetery, connecting with steam cars for Coney I.sland ; returning by same route. Last night car leaves depot 11:00, Bridge 11.45. Zz. Brooklyu Ferry Lines. To Jersey City, Exchange Place, (Penn. R.'R. Depot.): From Fulton St., every 30min. from 6:30 A. M. to 11 P.M. Sunday boats the same as week days During summer season every 20 min. between the same hours. Fare 10 cents. Connections made wi(.h the Fall River Line boats, leaving Brooklyn. Sundays included, at 4:30 P. M., daily and also with the day liuj. Steamers run during summer only, boat leaving Brooklyn except Sundays at 8 A. M. Fare 1 cents. To New Youk:— From Astoria to E. 9ind St., every 13 min. from 6 to 9 A. M.; then every 15 min. to 4 P.M.; then every 12 min. to 7 P. M.; then every 15 min. to 9:80 P. M.; then every 20 min. to 11:50 P. M.; then every 30 min from 12:15 A. M. to 2:15 A. M.; then every 30 min. from 3 to 5 ::W A .M. Sunday every 15 min. from 9 A. M. to 9 P, M.; every 30 min. before and after these hours. Fare 3 cents. From Atlantic Ave. to Whitehall St., every 12 min. from 5 to U A.M.; then every 15 min. to 2 P. M.; then every 12 min. to 7 P. M.; then every 30 min. to 10 P.M. Sun- days, every 15 min. from 7 A. M. to 10.30 P. M.; then every 20 min. to 1 A. M. ; then every 30 min. to 5 A. M. Fare 2 cents. From 5 to 7:30 A. M. 1 cent, and from 5 to 7:30 P. M. 1 cent. From Broadway to Grand St., every 13 min. from 5 A. M. to 10 P. M.; then at 10:12 A. M.;thenevery 24min.from 11:48 P. M.; then at 12:15 A. M ; then every 30 min. to 3:45 A. M.; then at 4: 12, 4:36 and 5 A. M. Sundays, every 24 min. from 5 to 8 A. M.; then every 12 min. to 10 P. M. ; then the same as week day nights. Fare 2 cents. From Broadway to Roosevelt St., every 10 min. from 4:40 to 7 A. M. ; then every 8 min. to7P. M.; then every 10 min. to 8 P.M.; then every 20 min. to 10:40 P. M.; then every 40 min. to 2:40 A. M.; then every 20 min. to 4:40 A. M. Sundays, every20min. from 4:40 A. M. to 10:40 P. j\l. ; then every 40 min. to 4 A. M. Fare 3 cents. From Broadway to Twenty-third St., every 15 min. from 5 to H A. M ; then every 12 min. to 9 P. M.; then every 20 min. to 5 A. M. Sundays, every 20 ijiin. from 5 to 8 A. M. ; then every 18 min. to 1 P. M. ; then every 12 min. to 10 P. M. ; then every 10 min. to 5 A. M. Fare 3 cents. From Fulton St. to Fulton St., every 10 min. from 5 to 7 A. M.; then every 5 min. to 7 . P. M ; then every 10 min. to 10 P. M. ; then every 20 nun. to 5 A. M. Sundays, ever 15 min. from 7 A. M. to 10 P. M. ; then everv 20 min. to 12 midnight ; then every 30 min. to 5 A.M. Fare 2 cents. From 5 to 7 :30 A. M. 1 cent, and from 5 to 7:30 P. M. 1 cent. From Grand St. to Grand St., every 10 min. from 5 to 7 A. M .; then every 10 min to 13 midnight; then every 20 min. to 1 A. M. ; then every 24 min. to 3 A. M. ; then every SO min. to 5 A.M. Sundays, every 20 min. from 5 to 8 A. M. ;thpn 10 min, to 12 mid- night; then every 20 min. to 1 A. M.; then at 1:30 and 3 A. M.; then every 24 min. to 4 A. M.; then every 20 min. to 5 A. M. Fare 2 cents. From Grand St. to Houston St., every 10 min. from 6 to 9 A, M.; then every 12 min. from 10 A. M. to 10 P. M.; then every 20 min. to 12 midnight; then every 30 min. to 4:30 A. M.; extra boat 4:.50 A. M.; every 12 min from 5 to 6 A. M. Sunday, every 30 min. from 5 to 8 A. M.; then every 12 min. to 10 P. M.; then every 20 min. to 13 mid- night; then every 30 min. to 5 A. M. Fare 2 cents. From Greenpoint Ave. to 10th St., every 15 minutes from 4:45 to 6 A. M., then every 12 min- utes to 9 A. M., then every 15 minutes from 3 P. M , then every 12 minutes to 7 P. M. ; then every 15 minutes to midnight. Sundays, every 15 minutes from 8 A. M. to 9 P M., then every 30 minutes to 12 midnight. Fare Scents. From Greenpoint Ave. to 23rd St., every 15 minutes from 4:45 to 6 A. M., then every 10 min- utes to 9 A. M, then every 13 miiiutes to 2 P. M., then every 10 minutes to 8 P. M. ; then every 30 minutes to 10 P. M.. then every 15 minutes to 13 midnight, then every 30 minutes to 5 A. M. Simdays, every 30 minutes from 5 to 7 A. M., then every 20mln- utesto8 A. M.. then evei-y 15 minutes to 2 P. M.. then every 10 minutes to 7 P. M., then every 15 minutes to 9 P. M., then every 20 minutes to 13 midnight, then every 30 minutes to 5 A. M. Fare 3 cents. From Hamilton Ave. to Whitehall, every 12 minutes from 5 to 6 A. M., then every 19 min- utes to 7 P. M.,then every 15 minutes to 13 midnight, then every 30 minutes to 5 A. M. Sundays, every 15 minutes from 7 A. M. to midnight, then every 30 minutes to 5 A. M. Fare 3 cents. From 5 to 7:30 A. M. 1 cent, and from 5 to 7:30 P. M. 1 cent. TRAVELLERS' GUIDE. 273 From Lonj? Island City (Hunter's Point) to E. 34th St, at 12:10, 12:30 and 1-2:50 A. M , then every 30 iniimtes from 1:15 to 4:15 A. M., then at 4:40, 5:20 and 5:40 A. M, then every 10 minutes to 8 A. M., then alternating every 7 and 8 minutes to 9:30 A. M. then every 10 minutes to 4 P. M., then alternating ev ry 7 and 8 minutes to5;S0P. M., then every 10 minutes to 12 miduiKht. Fare 3 cents. From Ldur Island City (Hunter's Point) to James Slip, every 30 minutes from 6:30 to 8:30 A. M, then nt 9:05 A. M., then every 30 minutes from 9:30 A. M. to 7 P. M. Fare G cents. No boat on Sunday. From Main St. to Catherine St., every 10 minutes frimi 5 A. M to 9 P. M., then ever v 20 minutes to 11-30 P. 31., then every 30 minutes to 5 A. M. Sundays, every 10 minutes from 7 A. M. to 9 F. M., then every 20 nimutes to 5 A. M Fare 2 cents. From 5 to 7:30 A. M. 1 cent, and from 5to 7:30 P M. 1 cent. From Montague St to WaU St. , every 10 minutes from 6 A. M to 7 P. M., then every 20 minutes to P. M. Fare 2 cents No boat on Sundays. From Sixty-llfth St., Bay Ridge, to Whitehall St, at 7:40, 8:40 and 9:40 A. M., and 4:40 and 6:40 P M. During summer season, every 30 minutes from 7:40 A. M. to 10:10 P. M. Fare 10 cents. No boats on Sundays. From Thirty-ninth St. to Pier 2 East Kiver, every 30 minutes from 5:30 A. M. to 11 P. M. Sundays, every half hour from 7 A. M. to 11 P. M, Fare 5 cents. Loiij^ Island Sound Ferry JLines. From several places on the north shore of Long Island steamboat lines run to points on the Connecticut shore, affording great convenience to resi- dents of the middle and eastern sections of the island to reach towns in New England states without taking the circuitous journey via New York. The passenger traffic by these routes is considerable, especially in the sum- mer time, and the freight traffic is large at all periods of the year. The rates of fare are very moderate as compared with ths cost of going by New York. The places connected by such steam boat lines are as follows: Port Jefferson, L. I., and Bridgeport, Conn.; Huntington, L. I., and Norwalk, Conn.; and Sag Harbor and Greenport, L. I., and New London, Conn. Be- sides these lines there are boats which connect Greenport with the landings on Shelter Island, in Gardiner's Bay, and with Sag Harbor. Ocean Steamship Lines. TO BRITISH PORTS. TO LINK. N. Y CITY OFFICE. PIER. Avonmouth Barber & Co 33 Broadway ... Atlantic Docks, Bklyn. Avonmouth Manlianset 19 Whitehall st Columbia Stores, Bklyn. Bristol Bristol City 19 Whitehall st Ft. W. 26th St., N. Y. C. Olastfow Allan-State .53 Broadway Oolumiiia Stores, Bklyn. Glasgow ...Anchor 7 Bowling Green Ft. 2'lth st,, N. R., N. Y. C. Hull Wilson 22 State st Wilson Pier, Bklyn. Leith Arrow 29 Broadway Ft. W. 24th st., N. Y. C. Leith Barber & Co 33 Broadway Atlantic Docks, Bklyn. Liverpool Beaver 19 Whitehall No regular pier. Liverpool Cunard 4 Bowling Green. . Ft.Clarksonst..N.R.,N.Y.C. Liverpool Guion 35 Broadway Ft. Kingst , N. R.,N. Y. C. Liverpool Inman ...6 Bowling Green Ft. Christopher St., N. R., N. Y. C. Liverpool National 27 State st Ft. W. Houston st., N.Y.C. Liverpool White Star 29 Broadway Ft. W. 10th St., N. Y. C. Liverpool ' ' ] ^River Plate^^'^ '^ {' Produce Exchange. . Martm's Piers, Brooklyn. Liverpool Sumner 18 Broadway . No regular pier. London Atlantic Transport 4 Broadway Ft. W. 27th st . N. Y. C. London National 27 State st Ft. W. Houston St., N.Y.C. Loudon Wilson 22 State st Wilson Pier, Bklyn, and Ft. 2d St., Hoboken. London Union llOPearlst Ft. .Teflferson st., E. R., N. Y. C. London Carter Hawley 54 WaU st Ft. Market St.. E.R., N.Y.C. Londoo HiU 82 State st Prentice's Stores, Bklya. 274 CITIZEN GUIDE. TO BRITISH PORTS. TO LINE. N. Y. CITY OFFICE. PIER. London " Saint 18 Broadway Prentice's Stores, Bklyn. Newcastle Wilson SS State st Wilson Pier, Bklyn, and Ft. yd St.. Hoboken. Southampton .... . .North German Lloyd . .3 Bowling Green Ft. 2d st.. Hoboken. ' Southampton Hamburg Am. Packet. S7 Broad wav Ft. 1st st., Hobokeii. Swansea Bristol City 1>J Whitehall Ft. W. 2Sth st., N. Y. C TO NORTH EUROPEAN PORTS. TO LINE. N. Y. C. OFFICE. PIER. Amsterdam \ ^"f merica^n '".'^'I'l^." J" ^' S- William st Ft. 5th st., Hoboken. Amsterdam .. Barber & Co 33 Broadway .... Atlantic Docks, Bklyn. Antwerp Red Star 6 Bowling Green Ft. Sussex st., Jei-sey City. A nt werp Sumuer 18 Bi'oad way No regular pier. Antwerp White Cross 27 S. Wilhum st. . . . Atlantic Dock*, Bklyn. Antwerp Wilson 2i StaUi st Wils ju Pier, Bklyn. Antwerp Antwerp 27 .S. William st Atlantic Basin, Bklyn. Baltic Ports Haniburj: Am. Packet. 37 Broadway Ft. 1st st.. Hoboken. Bordeaux Bordeaux 27 S. William st. . .. Atlantic Docks, Bklyn. Bremen North German Lloyd. .2 Bowling Green Ft. 2d st., Hoboken. Copenhagen Barber & Co 3 ! Broa I way Atlantic Docks, Bklyn. Denmark Ttiingvalla 27 S. William st. Ft. W. 4th st. Hoboken Hamburg Union 27 S William st Atlantic Docks, Bklyn. Hamburg Hamburg Am. Packet. 37 Broatiway Ft. 1st St., Hoboken. Havre ] San^atlant^que \ ^ ^^^^l-- ^reen Ft. Morton st.,N R.,N.Y.C. Norway Thingvalla 27 S. William st Ft. 4th St.. Hoboken. Rotterdam Rotterdam ..... 20 Broadway Ft. ."ith St., Hoboken. Rotterdam Barber & Co 3i Broadway Atlantic Docks, Bklyn. Rotterdam ] ^Tmerican!':'.'?°^.'." [ ~^ «• ^''^^'^'^ ^^ ^* ^"^ ^*-' hoboken. Stettin Thingyalla 27 S. William st.. .. Ft. 4th st., Hoboken. SOUTH EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN PORTS. TO LINE. N. Y. C. OFFICE. PIER. Azores -j ^^^'i^.^taga^o."^ \ l^" P^^^* ^t Atlantic Docks, Brooklyn. Azores Islands Azores Islands Atlantic Docks, Brooklyn. Barcelona Fabr e 33 Broadway Woodruff Stores, Bklyn. Lisbon ] ^',?PTavagacao.'!'' \ ^''^ P^^i"' «* ^^^^'^"'^ ^°«^«' ^'^^^"^ " Marseilles Fabre 33 Broadway Woodruff Stores, Bklyn . Marseilles '] *^'X^i'fSga"i'o" (^' ^- William st...... Atlantic Docks, Bklyn. Mediterranean Ports.Florio Rubitino 29 Broadway Mediterranean Piers Bklyn Mediterranean Ports. ] ^^y^g.T Ca".*.^.' \ ^^ Broadway MediterraneanPiers,Bklyn Mediterranean Ports, j ^tle'tteRaliana!'.'"." [ ^9 Broadway Mediterranean Piers, Bklyn Mediterranean Ports.Nortli German Loyd. . .9 Fowling Green Foot 2d St., Hoboken. Mediterranean Ports. Anchor 7 Bowling Green Union Piers, Bklyn. Portugal -I ^'portugucIeT"":^" I ^^^ ^'""'^'^ ^'^ ^^'^''"'' ^°''"^' ^^*^''- Spain Puig & Emerson 4 Stone st No regular pier. TO SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAJ^T PORTS. TO LINK. N Y. CITY OFFICE. PIER. Argentine Republic. .N.Y.& River Plate. ..113 Wall St Ft. Pinest.,E R.,N.Y.C. Barbados U . S. & Brazil Mail ... 19 Whitehall st Roberts' Piers, Bklyn Belize ] ^Xra™'^'^ ^ ^°'^" \ '^~ Exchange Place. . .Pinto Piers, Bklyn. Bermuda Quebec sis! Co'.. .!.. .39 Broadway Ft W. lOthst.N. Y. City^ BrazU ] ^& River Plate.^" [ Produce Exchange. . .Martin's Piers, Bklyn. BrazU U- S, & Brazil Mail. .. . 19 Whitehall st Roberts' Piers, Bklyn. TRAVELLERS' GUIDE. 275 TO SOUTH AND CENTRiVL AJMERICAN PORTS. TO LINE. N. Y. CITY OFFICE. LINE. Brazil Sloman 27 S. .vMlliamst Roberts' Piers. Brazil Red Cross 11-2 Pearl st Martin's Piers, Bklyii. Brazil B )oth S. S S8 Gold st Martin's Piers, Bklwi. B lenos Ayres River Plate Il-'l Wall st Empire Stores, Bklyn. Ciiidad Bolivar Orinoco 87 Broad st Emjiire Stores, Bklyn. CoI'>n C. T Espanola., 80 Wall st Ft. Leroy st., N.R. NYC Colon .. Pacific Mail At lier Ft. Canalst., N. R 'n Y C Cuba (Havana) N. Y. & CiU.a S. S. Co.l l;i Wall st Ft. Pine St , E. R ^ N Y c' Cuba U. S. & West India 135 Pearl St Ft. Wasliinj^ton £t'., Bklyn Cuba Waydell il Old Slip No regular pier Cuba (Santiago) Ward 11.3Wallst Ft. Pine st., E R N Y C Oulia Munson 80 Wall st Ft. Wall St., E. R., N Y C Curacoa Red "D" TlW^allst ..Roberts' Piers, Bklyn. Uarlen S Brooklyn Saw Mill. 10 Beaver st Ft. Prospect ave. Demar.ira Trinidad 4.5 E.Kcbange Place. Ft. Wall St.. E. R., N. Y C Dominica Quebec S. S. Co 3U Broadway Ft. W. 10th st., N.' Y City Ilayti, (North) Atlas ii State st Ft. W. 2.5th st., N Y. City! Ilayti Clyde S. S. Co 5 Bowling Green Robinson's Stores, Bklyn Hayti McCaldin Bros 79 Broad st Robinson's Stores, Bklyn Jamaica (Kingston).. Atlas '^ State st Ft. W. 2,5th st., N. Y. City Janiaica Kerr 41 Beaver st Ft. Morris st, N. R., N Y'C La»;uajTa Red "'D" 135 Front st Roberts' Stores, Bklyn Man.aos Booth 8.S&90Goldst Martin's Stores, Bklyn. Maracaibo Red 'D" 1^55 Fr■ Richards' Store. Covered Pier, ) Beanl's Store and Elevator. Van Brunt St. New York Warehousing Co. Burtis' Ship Yard. Merchants' Stores Van Dyke's. Gterman American's Stores. Johnson & Hammond's Rosin Yard. Mutual Companv's Lumber Yard, Roosevelt & McDonald, ft. of Walcott St. Strahan's Tobacco Inspection. Washburn's Stores. ATLANTIC BASIN. Atlantic Basin contains: Norlli Pintis Finth's Elevator. Indian Wharf. North Central Pier. East Central IMer. Commercial Wharf, Masters Elevator. Franklin Stores & McCorraick's Stores. CUuton Wharf Laimbser's Elevator, South Ontral Pier. West Central Pier South Pier, Excelsior Elevator. HAMILTON AVENLTE FERRY". Ward's Inspection Y'ard. U S. Warehouse Co , Iron Elevator. Union Stores— Sedgwick, Irving & Harri- son Sts. Anchor Line Brooklyn Pier & S.Co.'s Store. Store. Harrison St , Baltic Stores. Robinson's Congress Stores, Baltic & Con- gress Sts. Beard's Amity St . Stores. Cauda - o CQ (D^TS O a) o s.a a S - 1' >^ «^ u 'fio -M .rj O -MO 0) ? ^1 g 0) -M fe tfl ^ .5S 5« 25 .S'S g;:^ . o w s -43 ^ i2 i:2 5 s g fl u H in rf 1> (U 05 ■ 0) o Q "i 53 -J^i; T-i TO at, H «? «J • cc — 'S «; * -B, a <* 3„'3P^ ce= p (3 p o = pa' (-;h- -.0 c 0.0 02 1^ % bi -a -aa 05-5 2K-aSr.g-S «-'^;S J:! a a ft ss--^ J a ^^o J £ =sa ^ B The B rooklyn Qity ^urface R ailroad (C ompany's MAP. F KEY TO THE MAP. Ill tho following columns the capiUil letters from A to G, with the luunbors foUowiiii; them, indicate the several squares on the ma|), and the letters r'()llo\^•ill,^' the word "by" designate the sur- face railways, by au>- - by S, Ss, Fort Hamilton liy Dd, Ss, Vv; S. Bay RldKO bv Dd, Vv. Coney Island by Dd, Vv, Lutheran Cemetery by Kk. Holy Cross Cemetery by Oo. Gravesend Bay by Ss. Park Theatre by J. K, Q, W V Navy Yard by K, O, U, Y, Z. , W, Mm, Pp, Vv. D 2 by K, V, Dd. D 3 by J. K, Q. U, V, W, Mm, Pp, Vv. D 4 by K, Q, U, W, Mm, Oo, Pp, Vv. D 5 by U, W, Z, Aa, J j. Mm, W w. D 8 bv E, O, W, Mm, \\ w. D 7 bv E. M, O, W, li, Kk, Mm, Xx. D 8 by E, M, li, Kk, Mm, Xx. Rrr. D 9 bv E, M, li, Rir. D 10 bv K, M, Rrr. E 2 by K, V, bd. E3by J, V, Dd, Vv. E 4 b . (X U, Oo, Pp. E 5 bv l\ Aa, Jj, Pp, Ww. E by U, Pp. Ww. E7 by O, U,Pp. E8by L, O, U. E 9 by L, O, U. F 1 by J, S, Dd, Ss, Vv. F 2 by J, S, Dd, Ss, Vv. F 3 by J, Dd, Vv. F4by Q, Jj.Oo. F5bv Q, Jj, Oo. Ptibv W w. G 1 bV S, Ss. G 2 bv S, Ss, Vv. G 3 by Vv. G 4 by Q, Oo. G 5 by Q, Oo. 19 1 10 J 280 t *^^ _TCO ^H . • (JO ,^ 1-i ^*CD fl o lO fiaJ t- ^ ^-' g^3> S ,^'^ ^ rt '4 03 t. fl i) r O ''«"lt*2o = f^°^ -I S^5o„.gii -ft ft aa"St>; Jo-go ' o3fiamhr"-2 -C g aoo o S a 4^^=|-"-<° ^ •« - 2 ctd aj_-'r> CITIZEN GUIDE. ok cS c3 ^ M "mm c ^ .1, k'ot fe fimM >o P E CO m o ^ '-' ■^ w to O^ I^^D-C-g g^ Jii^ CSS § >M 'S 5o>y'av-af>Ho°'o^o~^co Shh 'S'^ fe'^ p:1 a>;5|-?io"S 'C 03 d'^.R '-I >-'^; ■^^ H > :i § S.2 sol ^^ '$%§^ .s^i ci^=y a '-' cS ■""ft *^ i>^ fdM ti '^^6 i2i :e' ^ « w >>~a m 3 ^fe ■9 3 mM^ -'r'? ;§ 2 pq ;>^ 0; g5 1 ^ p:^ - 2; "5. S ^SCO go acc !«•« 3 S ^ ^ fl CI « M aj o ,a ;s .s o o fq H « « « pq pq o5 te a ^ jj oSiis a —'n-Si 03 J , ftW 02 g '^,^_^o 3^ as flro. -"t^ ^sg'o .P.rt as .Scc.a >,o CS '' OJ O S 0) rt S b £ -an ?».S 03^ 1; O;^ ftg'=*ioQ g OM ... . a; oi 3 i>£»!>i>i> a 'j r^ • • w_i ^j ^j L_. ^-i a ^ op . , : 01 1 dj aj oj ^ M" '"'^ii'^igS^ 2-- -■ ■3*^ a „ oilo •-« « ?=- o, 3 >? m £ -^ C S S;33 5* |S«fc,Oo200-„ l^ft^5i)aWHH^™ g-no-cSoSoO 03 ra a'^c3cS=S"5"oS=*fli-. ^3 a' 5 o P l>>>t.>>>cS 03 03 03c3 .Sag 3 |=^-a . .TT to ' ■^ a''-' .- ft-g 5m 5 a.2fcqgs , "".W «? g - .c jj' o r| > £> 5^^-,sa^^ U U I cS c< •'•' CO .g 0) [o.MTf a « ^o ^saii 5PHaio«3o -O t- a s^ •. »^ °* ^ ^ 03 ^ « .S t; 2 .2 ticfco .~S tlo 3S sH S'-i t>"Ofg=EL-™c3a ,^ ^i-.**^^ a p ^P^i'^OtO ,COd cs a f^ 5 eJa — - " ^ "^ ,TO +3 1* ?;to S'^s'^r^^" . £ ci a r- -P a '»' -:f •^ &H >-. '^"" ^ S a 3 ^ _r — 1> .0 -a - Si ^•"F'^'3ii,2;aj3x;t»K! .3? . a o 4 ;gS^'P, a _-.„ go &: 2 > es 5 IT 5o.H 25 o !2; -=2^ a _ 2 c 9 a o o o o .a « "C .iis Waa§SiJ§ vH i) - ., ."o ii3.a ^^iO ais:^ S-i t:!-'ax:>'a a'>2S a'-f^SiiS g-i ts-oV'S •°cs a C3§". S=^ 3 3. k'o a"" -:;« si" o — s '^S 5 C51iH_^i; «Sto Sa'Sa'.'.Sg'-'^ MO _ 10 Ld -^ rt 3 ". — iO r> a^-'s^SE-^oglStt^g'^^-'i^a^g .Sa 3 bSf Sm-3,5Jo S.3«-> S-S-sia ^i;^ S^„ a-^io a-> - a §^ fl S S u ». 3),.'*=° = .2 -,. fl =TO-^3^C , o S M eS o D o O o u W pq P3 W pan ^.g-I^^OTOtj^ b£t> 3 1;: »o ^ ^x '' • SitS'^.rdiSca a-2^s^s-:-i£ S! '"' w r; o 9oraoO:3-iP';cx)inr3'S"*a^C<£iv2'SO"ra^0 .g^s 12 5 r.^'I'^^^s"'- ^>: Se2H a; !-S ^3 u .t; +i CO (jv/ +^ cc '7? i^:> ^ >^ S (-1 02 ' w „ > ce .B a ast! p fl o t- .y o 'J mW*-Ph gS § § sm S ad's aSm oSmcqW gg 5f ,^-a a ta 3 o ° s 06 00 00 o o tHOS in <^ '^ a 2 c 1 a 1- ugt* ■- acsaa 3 O-^i- o ^"' Si ,— 02 oi a^g^'n'o''' •r-M-i^,-, a'" "2 "a S .0 > oaa-a^g^'^J o .-a oal^ o i||^§ip|3.§ w, i)"^, a . « rt o ^fe o -A ^ etc J' 0*0 'a 5 'So ajvcSwi a ^•3^=s6w°».a^g5 .^ <«<8 ^Wmg t>M 3«= |jn >ja>_- ,2 5M)>r0.a'3-^ o 03^ 03 ^ d _ O 00 Q^ a^5 . arnS ^ w-S.a ■■ a a ;• S^'^oi _. ajitc is _,^ 5 c z; a) t. s a ''^ M' '?!";s'"''^a.sra>^!ziM EeS > ao5 03^ <^^ bD a TO ,o» .2 ^ i"^ ti. '3 .r> -u ft - o to c3 a i^gafe^ ^ 2 S -'H S-pso P , OT cS >r(2 ■* > ^^ O « rt t» - . e3 t» c ca c it-...- Is •5 M' MO C3 - ! g O CO ! o • > -J 0>. HO 2p; 3 S 5 CO tj'"" C g; O " (3 . 3 = Pi ^- 3; 5 *^ f- '^ -tt^ '^ ™ 1^ t. . m r^ TO :^^««ibe- P5 g H> 233c*|i( -m^inO^' f^^oort-o^ o^o;:;t^E^•-■ ■g cB^H'"'^ _ 6 > 3'^^ O O^ g-i.tc^™*!^ o -2-g si?s::f, o;^ 2 >■' Ha be _2 fat- g SJa: o<"o o!*^ t>. gsa -^-.'ra- cu h.'^ CM , Bcc" •^ _w *^ CO n y-i TO ^^ ?-^ a - o ^_^ >g»3SC I « Q « (u S^ a?? B ," o a,'-' Bg ^ ;: SW ■=3 -[l^ 2 -Ph d S B ci ri earn 3: p ^.g a'2 ^o'j 09.3, -^2 .-s a 2;^ a J-: 1-1 ■? >: ^ " -^^ •- B 3 > !> 080 ^= w-s ^^ 3 , •3 5 5 a • ^ 00 a ^ ^ 2 u . o • o -r" 10 -r " g fl K a ^' if- g C-S^.fe' --■ . o „ 9 o J 1-1 B ;r t. em c2 !*. a '5 -' >*1 o ■- P .s .2 B °^-^ „ S ^a o .&5 a g»2-5=^2^5 ■"^ S a t- « B o ^a^'a ;g '*ia2 ^ -*o-a fc^ .^ ^ . T^ ■-' e* a -0 - -22S«^t w ^ 7, ^ ^ "^ a,g.3 to .,, h-! C5 3 a £? M - >, -^ kJ s •- a at-" ^ « ;&! Bj:'ig2-' .= ? = C5 a 2 jjS W Tt' > ^ •9 * S-a 2 J B «!! t« w ^ ■w *'J ffi OJ « eq ■^ 3 s 01 t^B > oJ m B fcM cj OS'S oo.a-gcq H _• a a "5 i2lsa§-'t5S do* SO US'" : 00 o u o .' a t»' , •■ > "" cs >' ^ ^ C- P.3 a O O C u h o o o o o ■" a7*^ .2 ao;?j-(S-r5^=3| ?5"^ i' iTa'i-^T, --a "".a^'^§^aS?>^,- ■»-+i ►" t" rt ^^ga., -,2 a '^.iio a2 " M - «a > rM^ a ra^ <^ cjo © ., <^ ■3 6. M Q H :;■* (1)^-5 ' =W(So -O "-" • •2 « ■=» _ •" JS"" bS >. a eS -o p O o o o o y b u au 284 CITIZEN GUIDE. fe ^ "-5 , s s nS O 3 ,00 O OS .§02 a> O rt' o S '^_ cj P « g f« W 00 00 00^"^ --'^ =8 S3 X m q P3 c3W o a c =^ S o -« . > C a. 'H -» en ^ e3 SCtR .2+^oS'2>i i-iMt^ ^■0^n-=t^'S !>>>.S >; > (» , ,j- bt C rt ,^3 -I- *s 00 -w " 53 -,• a =35 tB ^^ g000t,-000(-5 Q. .^ •"* .*J4J4^4:> +J4J+J 5* t> 6C Jji Si Tsx fH ui ui 'Ji Q ft M HaWW HHW mT-O* Ui ^^ OS > , O a cs eo O OS 5 O OS : a&4 ,cSs; oj -w as 32 >o" St. ..g Hi . M a -s O^ q aj ®; OS « as a. 4) D U U ri ! CO O O CO 1— i* ^ -J ^1 5^ ^„ a fe 5 !> 3 .Si oEu'^ o a>3^«2 q'S £3 , , . a ^5 ffi a.-s cs ©2 ■gos;^^. a — ^ o 030= g art ■"So ^.3«2|S»^-2?^'^ a 02 3 o .■s w gw .siti jjcu oj o—g occc asBaa ft ft ftp ftft ft ft ft BROOKLYN STREET DIRECTORY. 285 •« > *' S ir.> t-^usca oot^ r-jita ^ > «^ «. £i E^^SS:. fe fe 3 2>.5|^sS^ iJo lO 1 1 a> K^ '-'•5 s Ph R '7^ TT K b . t-'5 1"' g >' g " 6" 2 ,„• i5j » i fl' cs 5 t; f 1 c|5i| s |s 1 5 1 SSI fiind i s .1 s||:-|l. 386 CITIZEN GUIDE. 03 > d cj ^ Tl >j'-= ' SI 03 1^ e o to.;. OS'S 3 «3 S ; ro «e.^, 03 fe OS CO ^ ^ H fi =M o t»>t- T-l ^CO S K ^ ri Ij ^ as g m 2 S "? O .' > o c<> t.tr< ^.« adSs. 3'^.-So3 2'-' ess? _ s K t< a o g 13 g o iO a fl3i-i-«M ^ 00 ^ b '* r^ S dM te «:; ^- cj 3,_ J y oo >^ oQ '-'■*. CO ¥ d -a t; ^■ d a «3 a O C5 O OO O O "■^gfiids I'^o'a'ia'igo O ^ -_ tH OS'S i-o'S (^ttti^^Hs a CO t.^tim05 ' co^-t^ — 3 -■' S r" S- cSiij ., t* S S B ':i^t. ^J a^ a t* - — H OdR.an,®Ss" ag^-a'^-a.'M^ Pan $?^ bog-So L. CO --* to ,, cS ^to o ^'■^ dogcs-og-gW ^ 2 rl X! ,1- a ^ 03 g 7i an --^ © O Tj C! ^ CC ,-3 W S ai .v; cat- 2 'aw , :3 ,-< 03 eS o b. ■ ^ <^ O ' ^, J3htH t» 2 a tn^C! ia > =' 00 ;^ (?> t- J> '"' to O 05 O (?> t> j> to ^j •-^ o th j^ao a > .i- 03 at^ :a3?o!ioJ no >^S S o ^ o 's w THl-'Nl-l — P 3 -K ,- ^ _: O o§»*g«t§ a -f^a =So2g w cc>: 2^§a,„ 5 o cs a S:« chcaSfla^ is q 1. gPH J Co . 32g:gfeS5a 'S 00 a '"a 4^ ^ . o « a^ g*=3 _ ■" to c« u%. JS'd'co 'm a p5 03 do. ,-jJTj-< ■> PS 05 1-1 fe pQ 2 S 05 ;^f J< 1-1 eo to jj — Tl ' c - is 2u >S';;-5Sa3 ill- t3 ' btoo ^d ooJJJeS ^ > '., CC N- O) CO 9 =s > S-c Sp^tf^ ^^i„ ,W ■^ to S^ ^ _ .J & b. S u- a I) -^ t- (N M O -S ^ 00 O a p o g 5 B h^ 5 t3 c3 el d jB ^ 05 « WW WWWK www gs -I ~'l ?-:^^^ §» ^ i^ ^i^.t''^t%% £ I''J3' " cj k,j 3 be hf c?C CO « S "^ ^'co Sl^Oicc o^ ^ O'^ fe-S -2 -S ^ WW W WW www sa a WW b: 5 Hi- 3 ■ri ' in CO •X) 43 /J 1-1 «.' ,-, " cS >• =* ^3 ■S 2 ■feW P35 W^ I C\( S^t- CO •*1 --■i-i " t». ' *0 ^ Ci t>» in cj M3ft ■^ -^^ia^ii f^^ a„ t^^ n *^a^ ™ a OCO C f^ .t^ >■ a -=° ? «3 £ a a = E !>.'=*'*: f^ ^ - ^ - ,, ^ ^ ■' '^ . -^ t< W «=> VIC a-c „'c«^ > t^'i "5 =S 3 S £ b. •- "TO g»gd2M§fsSg« a a a O -^1 §5 ^ a - r =s a ^'f 2 .•3 •S^.J P3 ::; J- M -ij ~ o 0) i; g ej ^ a^o ' OT- aV: o-^ c — =3„'-a§£=o-s;fc-'S t-— o a<> S > •C2"5"S * a 3"r?' Sit- K5. 3 O C a 00 ofl'-WS *:»«': a ■o t--£ > a S5a=«^ 000 W -r« ^\ •j,-i > a'i^ ES ■*i-i t*-.ja K" cj it t-> C3.SS .-i-co s ^-^ a-" 0.0 OS -1 a ■-«■■= §£p;Ki-gwd ^.S3«w a esW _ "g -1 P "^ -r •£ " > cj Pc( ^§(^a.a oj -a L-5 1- t>» an ,-f.-S ^^ "S " •^ .a t-. P tic ^•^ a^,g * ^x a > i^ C-t *« (7? 7i ajjj >"" P- "^ ■* sT hT _j - tfi ^> £ > •- eS 03 C- Ctf ? fc fc, t»>+3 'J' 05 ^ HI _5 |C3^S E|Sa E tS !> •^'S a ^ a P^oi ^ o > CCOt-.'i a ,^,^ K «s 9 ' fc 0)^ O b. > CO .a„roh-i 2 E: 2 '^'" '^ -N a ^ i.aswo w w 288 CITIZEN GUIDE. B aj l>- |gce ■§ S -S c3 O » _, ^'3 3 .2 -M 3 5 60 O O O rSt fl S S* - *^ o-^ - s a "*CJ ^2 o fl ;r Oa =«■ • -.- w > 'SsS^ =« a«l f^ /RaS-^Sog p>s;'^o3 ^ W o i>>cb o ^ • 3 - a ^ o § .2 ... .&H "O - O to ^ be 3 >S Ofla o3 3 .y w cs o3 "^^^ a fa - as hJ t> Sm 3 03 CO (D a aS ^' -S .2 g a a3 "3 "2 "S ^ WW .5 5 S 5 I a«5s2 a »*> -S^ H5S„^"oa;^ 03 M O .„03 P *ro O cS'S Se, SL^-n >.^oaco H a ^ -^ CP S a t>;W"3" ' « > ^ a.t-1 o i> _ T T3 tnc3.X S -i^.^S'"' ^3 a '^oz.^ i-g^ ,cs o|a2-S-V« -^ +^ 03 g-*^ a..-^,_io'^ > >rs ^'o! ■§ -a >' > '^ ^ a"^ ©5 S.2' Q,n > 2a'£2 3'3a;iz,w« ?52aaot:§>==^^ a.'^.a '^ _:w s fl-^ H^_;a> "i rt f- -^^.n -T-3;? ^c'teO a a R a *.o ;5 to'-' Q a -gas OOP a cS ^ ^ ^ _a;aS*_-'?*'. a:5«3 ^J3aa'^|>>§tt>§ iw H) g u'co.a -^ t>S2?§5cfl ,='., tS g cS cs5 > 03 e - .W in ... t» C Si- 2 J m C5 ^Oi ■'-' few CO flco , O "^ §^> •2fa "^ ■Dm 1s^ Ohio > ^to H CO C3 M „ ^^'"2 S ^s' a cW o bto o ac eoWfe S' a o M S 5= es u^ cj , 2 -^I^^S^^^a ■«coi'i;.2^^^i;H3 Ww^ogoa^^o -g (.(DO J'lJh^ a^<5rQ 2 o |-3t^§|2>r3 tZ- C^ ^.ii T» as— .33'acca"^2i5fo o'^'^i^osa -Sc3=« ..W as s s o a .a .3 o = o o W W WWW W >^^.aa^ -05 Sia'^-^^™^ "§5o>o^S^Sr.|^|=^^ '^g.>>-Sw2§|35io«:fcS";§ w>,« — £Q C5 o b s^. to '"' '-I r-— ' ... '^ t> — ' d O r^ — J .-X Ol Q "O S f Plallillllgij I i^ ^.s>t«<^a§"522«Sat««£a^al si*g ^.'iq §.•".■- SS^-o « 3-s*- s a ^ 00 a 3 3 3 BROOKLYN STREET DIRECTORY. 289 ^ -S fe ^ -/> '^ '^ ~ <^ Kt> ss ■•^ P "^ ^ fl r-i > . ti 3J J r_-, 'O 1-5 H^J iJ J3— 5 C8 o" 5 ac — -'^ t: ^ w ^ £3 op" uj ^ in OQ ^ t K 2 =5 rt 22-s~ jZ. 3^*j O'tt-tj; CO ^ Xwn ^U ^ . CO ,_, O ^ -i-H u^' D^ fe '1 «• > -= '' '*' -S' 290 CITIZEN GUIDE. >!$ S -O- c3 .9 aj lo lo r/T-i -r: h-t 0,0.0 c3 Je ^"3 a c3 Q D fcfl M S =• ,- «^ 2 (» c-lS M — S;>'-a>a^S5t> , c a 2 ^ ;a ^ o cj c3 cj 0$ c€ o3 c3 ss g g g g g OS a -s a fl T- +^ ^ --W CH Prr So Pco 0; ^> o ^ -Oh CO g 03 C t> > -jl "d O t- o cS o3 ^ TO w c3 +s ^ 1^ SSi «8 5 00 "S O-' 1 rn >, t- :-^ 1^ .J2 o t^ OJ tm=3 ^:s is 50- £-S C0{^ ,, as cS -_ ^^.p^>'-^^^^ all t^a3£? S fl 3 ' §■£ >>q as. te.S ^^ M >43 ^ > I fen o'^ ■filiate ^-•t^c'^*-. d'K-s "««=• so-sffi:^; S5S 5 c^j: sSJ SogH I S g 3 o o °^ 03 O'-J pig §1 ,es (D(M ^ 03 tsS •-3 ^-. 10 00 ^^ S ^1-^' bills'-- Ph«5 o S'^xtg^S 0"-° qH oO ..2f ct^ 01 >n Hp™S=S-Hosa I ;;^5 5^g=««g '■" 'to"", _' >• -— J3 d Cl 33 3 3 ^W o 3 p c3 °S d Ceo "O _ ^§ E"' Olio d« EWS9 a i2„-^' (Do CEfP « o o S55 O ^- OOT p D^'C'^ c Olio cjk oq"'Z - a? ^ fe o» ^ ^ O' - 05 03 We3 , t) ■a o a Ort o ►2 os-d d o :« •o — ," Pii i; ^ T 03 i _^^j^Y>®^dTOH-)^a SgMS^,c.o^-gB^ g jjro t^ =3 jj g ^dcil "3 "" '^••'O -23'-' bT- j^^^-^-' ' £S psa °c«feg ^"".szs f-c c3 O Oi 'So. > ca '3 •n ':z;a . b-ros ~ c a £^p *^ £■-< 03 oS^*-. 1 a § >g 9 ^fe'°►.' ^+f & a c3 arJs'o a=*a 03^3 CSOJ ^p Ci C iPZ; 3 3 3 o o a -c i o o 03 02 > ■a t, OS .22 s o m o fflg a o o C'g a a a^ >: o< b a a'" . 03 ^Ix, > P-E 03 gcB . t3 m— ' S e. pC: TO o •-'*-. 3 &> o CD o t« -5 V 0-3 .a P. sa p o (S c3 .9-0 s d aco a > a"fe»)5 g^^9« g§ KcDip'" OS eg 0) a _ a p"-r ,'^ , o ,i;co«-i g > ^ m a*^»oW o 03 S S g BROOKLYN STREET DIRECTORY. 211 x^ - fro oo ;; fc'-S a b'^^ p Bi « J3 t; S^ 3 o CO > >■ <3 . ^ _ sh . 03^'' c3 a D ^S ~ .3 r"- 3 3 >' ^ •- c c a a o 000 Hill E 3g S § IS -3 c_ _r .■ s ^f^"" C iL kT °3 CT3 _r -r w .j* -T -; c^ OT afecDO'pag^>{-oanaigflaop9j f^.-l-gg-^/gavsel^sg-i a' ^- -■ 2 =* ,_ ^ -. 2^-3 '■■' 2 -^ OJ •'tt<2^ >-r — 1 . -5 Ti '^ OS '-' [> _ o m 2PQ ^•a^z-3-||gj:^^2|-^i.a o 5" P B2 a ii J - — u a, ^ " - 3 --i^ uo r -' t. vj t-i « u c/J ij -i; ^3C ^a aJUri Vil OJ—' fc.PH-lr-l.-lPH o o fc; j2ii 3 att 00003 (>>>» •«3 'S't, „.:i ga ^;->-> m ,1- S 2 -2« W S D g 3 3 c3 . a ii-v^>^ . fcZ ■9 1 0=3fe ..^^« cc ,-. >• [£■= - a^ W o' ^? a O. c a ■=■*< ''ca.'E^Sos^ •Tt, ,?L.cojr'0-r-oc'br ^5 3i-'^m p:o^ tf tc-s a^s^C S a^ •!=- esK E*^ :o ::? - ^O S §,i3 i 1"? o3W i-:0 ^ «X -; o ©U ;-» O 03-- 1) Z3 kiB] OJ ^ •S'3 a a as a s a s S fe » i3 «*, & aS2fc=mg .2 2SaoS^fe S .-r 03 en a !Z ^ f A > > -aS S- •jJ'K CIS oS.Sn l*^ S 03- o S I -^ 2 "'"^ ?. > ao o3 CO o 5 '3 .9 „o tTa S a rtOJt- .3 05E- •ncooo ^ So, CO .3 -3 r^ O30 ffl §?t»^ .33 Mc8>^ •a''''2ii-t>?'a" KSA ■3a^fe*25a a -Si 2 Ota '^^^ am-" O g ® (U^ & . ai^yaC) 29oM £«^ h: Oi (U a a Sr _ .rt«^ « 3 •H=o£aewaJ22 a 3 =: a a S i § • -;3=y s2 a ^ 2H-h t«^> ai , ■^■S aai?oSti J.O «K'' ^-^ 5 a3^"^-3.gco S rt-t^.^'«2 « »^ 03asSZt^tio5r,„>3^ki£3O ^>^St>.o2^.^o=iS^^^|'^ S; .p^-^ffla «=aO'^.•t,^o^2^ ^ "H^ii 6^:'^ ry ■ B Sot u r« =3 g CS =« 53 «§•>,'"<" -^ 2 292 CITIZEN GUIDE. . « fe r..^ M .^=.M-W««^ Hg .'^ «g Mg M^,«g g. |«|« .'5 3 5K a > Oj (g '^ .- Ma > I*'!;! ^ a a« t;t^ fe- oSot ^ts: l^'s^Sa-"- -§--,s2§S^'5l Js<^i^3 i^ il^^ ^1 ^pi H ^•3>>|^| ^a^^^o^s^S 2^'-'^fi2l S| ^s^2 ^2 «|^| ^g '^^a"«B'^g3 ^l>«m>- >-"fST^ C0.2 r/"^S -^t -^ -^ii -t? S^S" f^^" 00 rH « . -S „ o -r! -e 5'^-;= 5^ rt-^K? 'So 3 ^'K 05 ,=3 ,cs ,i) ,<3 ,CS g^H^-S -;3DS:t |||^^3li^S«a:5,|-|fSf.|":,| if.||SE£.3££;-§:-S-21 .--^ '- ■ SSoo 00000 o o o o 00 o 00 o ^^^^ ^1,^^^^;:^ k=; :z; Iz; I? ^Iz; iz; !z;;z; ^ -' S S.g g| ^4 ^o g II >| o ^ .^ p ^ S ^ '- ^ ^,- CO ^;-g «'^__ 0-3 hJ-3 ^' g^.^g W W ,3 §^ o rt ^ S| 5* 1^ ^ 1^ ^§^g -.^^.-.| a I gp I ^4^5« : ^ M^ ^K -o'i lift- tatt'^o ^ ^ ^>:^'5 i'^^.'^^. o. ^^Qo| ^fi:>«g fe2s'2-33g£-^e='' "' -r«^fl-:s §JSS^-|| o^>h 00 j£,.*^S o75('-;c3a2(3 t>Si2S*fc'ot.o> o H'^c"- ^^^a'^*^'^ -"■a=i'at, ■§1 si 2-2«^ 3. CO 3 .2 «8 wS M 0, ,-1 s* p*^ ^ 03 Ah Oi o a» si. ?5S tS (» • PhcS 1- ^ » 3 'vj- 11 (U m (B ^ iz; !z; ^ 'A iz; k?; 00 o BROOKLYN STREET DIRECTORY. 293 o . •?3 sir 09 at sioo «.n ^ fc. - ^ 3 O ■^'H >"3 O . fed ;'*2 M Oi) d TJ* gnsS aaS >^S ^ -ft S^'S^ >^ u a -,^' fX cj :$>^^?-2|^^"f^"'"' 0313*173 k" > CS c3 OOpT . bT^^^ a =ig CS hi ei ^3 5 ¥:3*a a 5: in 3S = 25 21 <1 a ** 9 ^ - a ^ 0; 31^ w M2f BOO c3 3" n s ^ ^ 5 cj «■ =s "■ T ^ ^ C5 — -?- Ho-^^at^ia 2 a 3 s > to « ^^ ^^' - o .a ,il • a e3 t»».H 03 a O-^ 3 Mra .-O'g iiC* t^hS (D >00 ■^ >> "^ffl ^^« ■2^ c3^ O 294 CITIZEN GUIDE. c3« r.. in at; '/! OS ^5 w> t> to ^sL— T-i .;3 ■»* -ii ^T3 >5r^ . 3 > > t- g 3pq ht a 2 c3 =s p, CO -^ o ^ a^SS :> W^ c3 ojPh .,*< S5S a o^ 5 -■a)-a<3ci3 T-'.^ 5 W =^» ^ n ® ,-hP H e3 cS^ *^ L— > — ! ^ t>. ^ OJ ft > 2 c3 O ^3, ton « 9! >>§ 3J3 a ft >^a-' ..ft';^ -u t> o a =3o f '^ ."ti '^ a " +^ 2(^ ^ o ^'S a" 1-11-1 J^ S t- o 9-e a aS CO- t>o 113 li a^ a ■fl a ft- 05 a . 3OT P5>^ cpcS > > ? -3:3 ^ ~ ©■O*" o '-' ® ' _■ io •^ tT a =§2^1gs|a ^-la^s:-.^^. ft ''" '^^.c a-n o§ a">;2o2-^W 3 fl ft t>> o g^o2SW .•t* o 2 1;^ r: . ^ TJ* > ^g ,^ '^ -w ^ a 33 ''tsg 3 P5 , c3 -^, * ja S a' -tj ^ M J^ ^-^ "a rj LxJ _ -^ M M (15 « a,H ^ •- C35 2 t>'« vj a ^ ^ o ^ .2 s -a . ^ ,_! a .2 J-. ff» lO CO -« t> TO J ^ iJ' fl 'a ^ u o a S .— ^'CIt-h as c3g ea ajS d as ^ ■ .,a > td «-»^ c3 ^ H-Si^, a t>,^ 5' =5^. a n -i 3 ra J5oO Ph Ph +^Jco0^o ^o022;" « u Ji^ !» -^2 ft « ,i"; ~fafln^.a" - -;'"Sftfi~='''S=c^g,i 3 gw B'g i-'!^ jH fc,^S(N m fl ® o^ * a^ S? 5=ft ftu ®i? ooo oo PhPh Cli(l4(l4 PhPi '"«) a.i'-' >■" CD ,•- >■•§ .a > a > <1 s i - -> ..^ at- Iz; a'"' «S cS o ■CO*- a-HGC ^1 ^.2>&qa:-^ O » t^ >• ^3 "^ ■« 3 0) cS""^ H W a a '?■! 2 '-'5 >'ra'S2 t-'°2 a ^li; a a a > "a '=*S>ti!^^ * a I— I a 2;' t^ .3 00 o3 ccoi>co.i>! Tf .q fl rt — 2 fl r' ^ —T"- to ^' S" CO *i a -^ OrH " 2So „H«g.'a ' Tj ' lo a .i^O = !i!3.. 3'gOT b*'-" ^ - ' ^ o I a o"^ o >gg^.'^ .3 a ^M 03 1> a s " o 0. 2 . i S "^t-'-S 3 ce •> p g -•co.Et, I a§Q^.^^^H^S;§,o . S k/W~' o*^ o3,i^ > > ^>^ '^ racoa,^*^ac5a^ci.a Ph ■s^fea^S+^iraSS^t-o^'os I^Sli^'SlS'^gSsil^a ::»l^g-3-^ii.'^>$ £ 0) 0) O u u Ph Ph(^ O 03 a > ^1 Pi kw .. - -S a a.a "o g jS "-^ *^ ■£! '-' SSag-8"8 3>g|p>'t5^'> a)al;a^Sa)^o3+3fflcsSs5ei ftP< a.^ ft^ P P o o P..PH to 05 o p P-Oh BROOKLYN STREET DIRECTORY. 295 » eg , p5 50 BOIn to Sh 9q' ■?; -II -:< -»M?5 Id S? _ S t, * bo 02 5^ "00? . a 5-t ,a2 o°«55 -^.^ _ ^^ ^ l* r,^ — 'S 1* S3 . I^ te - S =^ <3 --' -' & 4J -tJ CS aJ -Si ' ® --^ •asa-a a.2 * sa.SS gpH-SOn'^a'^'^'^SS 1^>'-^> "S £; £ St? ^'5 >-^^-^ =s > o o 2 o - o >' b.'^ g ^ e; fl&u ^jgja si xt ^ o (S CO 02 M m 02 cc S ^ Ih C:

o "O «o .2 03 0} .2?5 296 £; r '^ ^"2 f*- f2JS S^*^ S ^ « PQ "M «2?W = '^•13 5 » fl* iC IIISl SIS«^ co'^MCQMpj CITIZEN GUIDE. " 4^(T^ O M+3 i -5(3 3 CO ^ JL rt ^ CC «fM fe > *3 _,!0 cS - — *'^ g esfa go m :5; OT S"'rHt8 ^ M 0^ T-t lO & 'Si ■^5 airv. =i«3.- t-i 5 ,S^>^^fefe|-a5! jq ^ ^ J J4 u « MM O O O O O ft ftftii CC 02 02 02 02 CO m'UlXfl ■" 3 ft-S a ii_- CO « T= CC 02 S S 02 a '^O -co 'fa as C >'^^ O a3co„ •sis $02 Q c8 > oS CQ 5j g> o .a '^ 2 X a .S^'^>§-^fe ^ 'in'go-aa aSa2 d 2 _. ^ Oftt» -g OS O fl 2 as b^-^ oSH C -'^ 3 C— f- > rH lO ■_ ^ T-i -iS r«^ I 5-^ Mm Q ' ^ ft .2 3 2S' CO I, > a a ft «5 5D — ■ > , OS ft ■« OS B ® in 1-1 ,-* oj Oi -S "J d 01 •fife > :« s^ iSi d PS ^M 05 aj 2a o3 0) Is ® OS-*' aS" O 0/ j^ a ^> p§ 5g l^S ^a S^ «2o. 03 « coj =»S5 ^ C0C3 ^^ ""S 03 p £ - .. 3 3 BO O O COOQ COOI BROOKLYN STREET DIRECTORY. 13 «2»»^S»» > aJ 1-1 OJ H ® ^1 ^'3i"g t;c<5 " p fl .■Soq'-"2.S" ^^^ ^ _j ^ =" ' a « 397 |2 ;- to ^ t;-aH ^ M •* > ^2 > »< * ^ (► o -a .2 5 .n - - 3 «•# aie'^ — vioD .J > - as ' >■ 'A'^'t^' ^'"- 2 a' .wo -O D^-g 5 6f«S "''^ •4-:i CO * H 3 ,o 5- ^ l-«^^ S^^gw I w ^t^fe SsSfe ft te t, a-s 3 U -CO o o 4)io a ^'O oWg^cSa CO ,0 ;3 ^ - o -'^ si 33 'U1S £S;r> •■^ Ilia's ** ^.'^..■5 S t^^ ^•2 a) o g '2,> (A 0? * OS'S ^^a aS^al §»^^-^ fe;^-2£S^ W CO CO M CBCOCO CC W tZ2 -a ••§ a k" 3 ^ m O w c3 ^%'$ § . , 3.0 3 O^ 3 be 0) > si ^ he .2.3 ^& *^ o ►, 0*3 o SI'S te t* O - ejja pa CD 2 ■2 P--^ a > > R M u 3 3 3 !Xi U2 tJi 293 CITIZEN GUIDE. •■ 52 go •n cs o fc p^ CO QJ ■WiC Oj t- ^ > > Ci-l — ^ OlSr-| -•■20 >>■;: ^^w , o ^^•^ •'Of 1-1 • *3 o 5 5 SSo—'o '" •gill ■ara>a5 ^?^2!t;5'=.:S§>s:^''H^^.^o.R .a.a§i t « .2 .2 §S > t> > > > > 'gfoCQ=5 S 5 _'^- "•.asw-- ^'iRij |S|-iap|g|-.|p~,'lg--|ig^' ® aj'3 2s;:3 O O -■ ^ ■ ■el 13 ^ ^ ^ jeoca ^3> ■H !S« o' 03 2'^ >rtgiP "^ 3 w M Os2 p O M « r^i W >. CC CO '-H ■*ij oSo^^'j^S o .2 .2 .2 .2 .15 o —'a a a a a ■3 dCHflcS c3o3 ce _c3.'3:3 p p ppp pp >f> P- » > f> f> t> ;> > BROOKLYN STREET DIRECTORY. 299 be 3 3 5; If! ^ ^i_) w w iS cS , o ^ 03?, >>yi » (i WTO c e»" . 2 -e ,« 5 » a a at«(>- -C^J 2 ij3_ - " O ,'" " ^ E: i; 03 '- 'S^ ^ ja Ph ^ a «3 •^ io ij 1-1 f*' ^ o ^b a . rt O o ^^;: W-.i .O e4 5 o 3 3 o 3 pL| CO 03 a" a dw- >^<\ 09 aS£ P3^ .ti «2&ag5'-5g £'"--3 .:: Ok5 si •z;c3 1^^ «& ^ <3 '-'in r2 "o -< a vT .;z; si p=0 o ai in .52 . a a b- fe =S ,-1 * • - 03 .►-c_« 02 92 aOL^oio ,S '* t- a 1^ oM a^ ® ' o C e -^ t> 0) m a S o3 «*fi5 ..S3 ; K. r '" ii isoo ot..2Poo ooo ooEf>>t». ^ &: ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^^"^ ^^ =" ti2i'' §a I 0!>TO gi-sec .a Sia 02 .^'^ o o«>,2 ..a a « '^iz'^ a s «-a «;:'-! %-i O O o •n 03 ee?5 > --a |i 3 a- [i, o <1-a , £ 3 I s ^'3 a d 03 O .a O ii '3 2 in o f* J If: _• > '-' 'r"«3 -. iv.as w g .*3 >C3 ( oi-Sj ;a* si-nj Oa^5- 3 r. ft"J> , O.'tiTO £:;a ; -J: . ' CO 3^0 =■ IS a" $3 a > 03 <3ja a! E o'-^Ji: 03 o m^lig a ■ I.., C> • £ 3 1^ >'™ .r — "^ ij O GC »-'^ 3j ^ b.-S'^ja 03 ""..: O. o< jz; CI ■? ^ -^§a «©§■<=. ..a«fc: «■■ 2 (8^ . t>io3 « a .ii 03 -3 . hr U O iW S § .00 3 boS WP3>. 3^.2 ^ ^ ^ ts fe: ^ fs; u-^'m^ '^a l'^ m f> ^ a ° fi-2 Of' W 5 5,^tS SCQinS OS a— ' °3 _ a.s g s f-§ o « .-S =* a o osc.og.a -►^ .u w p. 4S 01 •/! 2 -3 -^ "O 1) j?0 4> 2ao«£S« ^-^ ."2p.'§ ^^~ 03 oi5 ® O c8 a O 03 t>j2 O ^a^fe'^'^a-s o§^|t,S2:3 nio '^ .- , 3 > ao-g'a®!;s-^ ^a^asiga-g 4) 03*^ oi •■ oj'^ •-3 3 3 300 CITIZEN GUIDE. igoT Sif* Eg •p-c>no r-(«0 ' si c > 3 « 033 >'0 E o to o 13 So sr.a «Dos .2 '" ■^33 (►.'OS -Pg o o o ^'"^^ a 5 Is fag , CO _ a^ ' ' fa hr a g -^^-^:M •7 ^P^^S'S'-S^ ' '^l|t^:'L3S^5S>'faS5: f* m SrH-drHO) =*a2Si(uS,ai5eios ^>^ fa cc e fa gj t> .s§ '-" r^ ;-o 5fa ^ :'>(o..v,H ,9i!T INDEX. Abbott, Rev, Ljtnan 156 Abraham & Straus 258 Academy Fairs 28 Academy of Photography 85 Academy of Medicine, The Brooklyn 35 "Academy of Music,'* The 20, 28, 82 Academy Receptions . 77 Acme Club 183 Acme Hall Billiard Saloon 58 Adelplii Academy, The 84, 1*3, 134 Adams Express Company 200 Aertsen, Huyclf 4 Afternoon Teas 29 Aged, Home for the 147 Ag-at*) Iron Works 196 Ahwath Cheseds Cemetery 172 Alcy me Boat Club 31 Aldermen, The 88 Algonquius, The 225 Al?onuuin Club 30 Alhambra, The 85 Almshouse 142 Almshouse Nursery 142 Alpine Club 183 Anton Seidl • 18 Apollo Club 37 Apprentices Library 8 Appleton Publishinff Co 109 Amachmoor Boxers 50 Amagansett 233 Amaranth Dramatic Society 16 Amateur Acior 16 Amateur Aciors, List of Prominent 17 Amateur Dramatics 18 Amateur Oijera Association 37 AmacCuF Phoioeraphic League 160 Amateur Tueatricals 16 Ambulances 146 American Amateur Bowling League 55 American District Telegraph Com- pany 120, 125 American Express Company 260 American Manufacturinp; Company 94 American Manufacturing Company, Works of 95 American Model Yacht Club 52 Amersfoort Athletic Club 183 Amersfort (Tlatlands) 9 Amity ville 200, 201 Amityville Yacht Oub 201 Amphion Academy . . 19 A mphion Society — 37 Anderson's Piano Warehouse 2,59 Anglo- American Dock Company 107 Aquebogue . . • • 237 Archery • 49 Architecture 76, 80 Area of Brooklyn 1 Arena of Sports and Pastimes 43 Argyle Hotel DubUu 203 Argy le Park 203 Arion Maennerchor 37 Ai'lington, The 81 Art and Architecture 76 Art Association 20,34,77,82 Artists of Brooklyn 78 Art Club, Brooklyn 34 Art Galleries 76 Art Guild, Brooklyn 34, 78, ia5 Artists' Lake 218 Art Organizations 77 Art Receptions 26 Art Schools 78, 135 Art School, l*ratt Institute 1.35 Art Social . 77 Art Studios 78 Arveme-by-the-Sea 189 Ascot Heath, Racing at 12 Astoria igg Astoria Ferry ]gi Asylmns for the Yoimg, List of 149, 150 Associations 39 Associations and Clubs 30 Association of Exempt Firemen 39 Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor ]5i Athenaeum, The I6 Athens Hall, Port Jefferson 219 Athletic Sports 49 "At Homes " 29 Atlantic Basin and Docks. . . .2, 105, 107, 109 Atlanticville 229 Atlantic Yacht Club 51,184 Attendance Schools i28 Aurora Grata 30, 44 Azores S S Line 109 Babylon 75,198,202 Babylon Pike 75 Bachelor Germans 28 Backbone of Long Island, The 193 Baggage Checking System 260 Baggage Inspection." 256 Baiting HoUow 217 Baker's Tavern jo Bald Hills 217 Ballamore 200 Ba'lot Reform League 33 Baptist Chm-ohes 168 Baptist Churches, List of 164 Baptist Churches, Music in 163 Baptist Churches, The Principal 159 Barber S S Line . . 109 Bartow, Mr. & Mrs. Edgar 155 Baseball 45 Baseball Clubs 46 302 INDEX. Baseball Club Grounds 45 Baseball Fields 51 Bath Beach 184 Battle of Long Island 11 Battle Pass 70 Battle of Long Island, Generals iu .... 11 Bay Heac" CGood Ground; 2khaven Brooklyn Home for Aged Men Broi >klyn Hi nuoepatliic Hospital Brooklyn Hospital. Brooklyn Instit ute Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences 36, Brooklyn Institute, History and Descrip- tion of 30, I2i1, Brooklyn Institute Library 130, Brooklyn .locki'y Club Brooklyn Library, The Brooklyn Library, B anchcs of. 137, Brooklyn I.,iu>r.irv Union Brooklyn M iternity 1 1 sp'tal Brooklyn M. K. Church Home Brooklyn Museum, The Brooklyn Orphan Asylum Brooklyn, Population of ^ Brooklyn Riniblers Brooklyn, R 'venue of Brooklyn and Rockaway Beach R. R Brooklyn Snen:rerbimd Brooklyn Savinijs Bank Brooklyn's Social Life Brooklyn's Social "Sets" Brooklyn Society of Verm-)nters Brooklyn Street Directory 279, Brooklyn Siirfaoe R. R. Company Brooklyn Tabernacle Brooklyn Theatre. The Bnjoklyn Th.vit re Fire Brooklyn Throat Hospital Brookr>Ti Times, The Brooklyn Tree l^Iantin» Society Brooklyn Turn Verein Brooklyn Waterworks Brooklyn Yacht Club 51, Brownms, King & Co . Brownsville Bryant, William Cullen Bryant Literary Society Bryant & Stratton's Business College 134, 16 36 27v 1.54 a.59 220 182 13 185 215 147 145 143 38 129 130 138 44 137 138 35 145 147 6,8 150 2 44 89 268 38 81 22 27 qO TOO 26K l.>3 19 19 145 140 70 39 90 184 i859 15 207 35 135 Cab Fares 261 Cabs and Coaches 261 Cable Cars in Brooklyn 268 Cable Tel.'Kraph Companies 123 (liable Tele^rrap'i R itis 124 Cable Telegraph System 123 Caecilia Ladies Vocal Society . . 38 Calvary Cemetery 1 r 2 Callister Factory 75 Calvary Free P. E. Church 155 Va meraderie 30 'Cannon, Peter 6 Canaan Pond 205 Canarsie Grove 268 (janarsie Landing 2^,8 Canarsie Tui tie Club 183 Canarsie Village 238 Canal Boat Life 106 Canal-boatmen ]06 Canal Boats, The Home of , . . 106 Canoeing 51 Canoe Place 229 Captain Webb 6 Cap Tree