GUIDE BOOK TO HISTORIC GERMANTOWN Class fDt> & Copyright^?. COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. THE GUIDE BOOK TO HISTORIC GERMANTOWN PREPARED FOR THE SITE & RELIC SOCIETY BY CHARLES F. JENKINS H GERMANTOWN 1915 PS9 S3 IS J? Copyright, 1902, by Site and Relic Society, Germantown First Edition, 1902 Second Edition, 1904 Third Edition, 1915 NOV 22 1915 ©GU41474 2 CONTENTS § Chronology of Germantown 7 Bibliography of Germantown 9 Preface 1 1 How to Reach Germantown 14 The Settlement of Germantown 17 The Ancient Town 24 Main Street of Germantown 29 Excursion, East Side of Germantown 125 Excursion, West Side of Germantown 135 Short Account of Battle of Germantown 144 Francis Daniel Pastorius 155 Streets of Germantown 160 Map 162 Index 165 a a § LIST of ILLUSTRATIONS § Billmeyer House 119 Carlton 145 Chew House 2 Chew House, the Hall 157 Chew House, the Old Doors 153 Dove House 8 1 Germantown Academy 77 Grave Stone in Upper Burying Ground 109 Green Tree Tavern 93 Johnson House 105 Keyser House 103 King of Prussia Tavern 83 Livezey House 149 Market Square 61 Mennonite Meeting House 101 Morris House 65 Price Homestead. Ladies' Club House, Manheim 139 Rittenhouse's Birthplace 37 Shippen-Blair House 99 Spencer House. Home of Thomas Godfrey 131 Stenton 19 Stuart's Residence 43 Thones Kunder's House 33 Wagner House 25 Wakefield 127 Wister House 49 Wyck 97 8 rr C H RON OLOGY OF GERM A NT OWN August 16, 1683, Francis Daniel Pastorius reaches Philadelphia. October 6, 1683, Thirteen emigrants from Crefeld with their families reached Philadelphia October 12, 1683, A Warrant was issued to Pastorius or land on behalf of the Germantown purchase. October 24, 1683, October 25, 1683, 1688, 1690, May 31, 1691, 1705, 1707, 1708, February 17,1719, 1719, Thomas Fairman surveyed the land. Meeting in cave of Pastorius where lots were drawn for the land and settlement was at once begun. Friends issue first public protest in America against human slavery. First paper mill in America erected in Germantown. Germantown incorporated. What is believed to be the first portrait in oil painted in America made in Germantown by Dr. Christopher Witt. Town loses its charter and is no longer incorporated. First Mennonite meeting house in America built in German- town. Francis Daniel Pastorius died. Arrival in Germantown of the first body of Dunkards in America. December 25, 1723, The Dunkard Church organized in Germantown, the mother organization in America. April 8, 1732, David Rittenhouse born. 1743, First Bible in America, in a European language, printed in Germantown by Christopher Saur. 8 Historic Germantown 1760, Germantown Academy founded. 1761, "Cliveden," the Chew House, built. 1764, Saur began the publication of the first religious magazine in America. 1764, Invasion of Paxtang Boys. 1769, Dr. Christopher Witt died. 1770, First American book on Pedagogy published in Germantown. 1772-1773, First type cast in America made in Germantown. August 1-8, 1777, Washington's army encamped near Germantown. Sept. 12-14,1777, Washington's army returns to camp near Germantown. Sept. 25, 1777, British army occupies Germantown. October 4,1777, Battle of Germantown. October 19, 1777, British army leaves Germantown, moving into Philadelphia. 1793, Yellow fever drives many citizens, President Washington and members of his Cabinet from Philadelphia to Germantown. 1794, Washington spends six weeks in Germantown to escape heat o f summer. 1796-7, Gilbert Stuart paints portraits of Washington, in Germantown . 1796, Yellow fever again fills Germantown with refugees from Philadelphia; also in 1797, 1798 and 1799. February 12, 1801, Germantown Turnpike incorporated. July 20, 1825, Lafayette visits Germantown. June 6, 1832, Steam railroad to Germantown opened. 1854, Germantown ceases to be an independent borough and is created the 22d ward of Philadelphia. A PARTIAL BIBLIOGRA- a PHY OF GERMANTOWN § Those who may wish to learn more of the history of Germantown and its vicinity are referred to the following works : The Settlement of Germantown, by the Hon. Samuel W. Pennypacker. Watson's Annals, Volume II, pages 16 to 72 and elsewhere. Walks in Germantown, by Townsend Ward, published in the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, beginning Vol. V, No. 1. Germantown, Mount Airy and Chestnut Hill, by the Rev. S. F. Hotchkin. History of Germantown Academy, edited by Horace W. Smith, published 1882. The German Pietists of Pennsylvania, by Julius F. Sachse, published 1895. The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania, by Julius F. Sachse. Two volumes. Volume I, published 1889, covers 1708-1742. Volume II, published 1900, covers 1742- 1800. History of the German Baptist Brethren Church, by George N. Falkenstein. A History of the German Baptist Brethren (Dunkards), by Martin G. Brumbaugh, Ph.D. Brethren Publishing House, Elgin, 111., 1899. The Old York Road and Its Early Associations > 1670-1870 by Mrs. Anne deB. Mears, published in Philadelphia, 1890, by Harper & Brother. A Century of Germantown Methodism, by Robert Thomas, published by German- town Independent, 1895. The Battle of Germantown, by Dr. A. C. Lambdin, published in the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. I, No. 1. Rare and Notable Plants of Germantown, by Edwin C. Jellett, Germantown, 1904. Sally Wister's Journal, edited by Albert Cook Meyers, Ferris & Leach, 1902. Memoir of Charles J. Wister, by Charles J. Wister, Jr., privately printed, 1866. History of Old Germantown, by Dr. Naaman H. Keyser and others. Washington in Germantown, by Charles F. Jenkins, 1905. Jefferson's Germantown Letters by Charles T. Jackson, 1906. Lafayette's Visit to Germantown by Charles F. Jenkins, 1911. Life of Francis Daniel Pastorius by Marion Dexter Learned, 1908. io Historic Germantown In addition to this list there are other articles in the Pennsylvania Magazine relating to Germantown, reference to which may be had by consulting the indices of the various volumes. Also the Annual Volumes of the Pennsylvania German Society. The following genealogies relating to Germantown families contain some local historical information: The Shoemaker Family, by Thomas H. Shoemaker, Philadelphia, 1893. History of the Bringhurst Family, by Josiah Granville Leach, Philadelphia, 1901. Genealogy of the Fisher Family, by Anna Wharton Smith, Philadelphia, 1896. Thones Kunders and His Children, by Henry C. Conrad, Wilmington, 1891. Genealogy of the Roberdeau Family, by Roberdeau Buchanan, 1876. Christopher Sower and His Descendants (chart), by Charles G. Sower, 1887. Genea-Bibliographical History of the Rittenhouse Family, by Daniel K. Cassel* 1897. The Levering Family, by Colonel John Levering, 1897. (Wigard Levering, the immigrant, settled first in Germantown but removed to Roxborough.) The Keyser Family, compiled by Charles S. Keyser, 1889. History of the Cassel Family, by Daniel K. Cassel, 1896. Kulp Family History, by Daniel K. Cassel, 1895. Weygandt Family, by Ethan Allen Weaver, published in Family Record, Newburgh, 1897. Funk Family History, by Rev. A. J. Fretz. The following works of fiction have more or less con- nection with Germantown: Pemberton; or a Hundred Years Ago, by Henry Peterson. Hugh Wynne, by Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. The Legends of the American Revolution, 1776, by George Lippard. Washington and His Men, by George Lippard. The Passing of Thomas, by Thomas A. Janvier. C iveden, by Kenyon West. IPREFACE FEW towns or cities of our country possess the his- torical associations of Colonial and Revolutionary times that attach to our suburb of Germantown. Its conception and settlement, the nationality and character of its early settlers, its architecture, its industrial life and enterprise (for it was the cradle of some of our greatest industries), all early gave it marked individuality. It was the threshold over which entered the great German im- migration which brought many modifications in language, manners and religion to the commonwealth and nation. Germantown was the scene of a fierce conflict which had considerable influence on the destiny of the infant nation. It was the home, on two occasions, of the President of the United States and members of his cabinet, making it, to that extent, the seat of Government of the country. All these incidents and more make it an important spot in our country's history and growth. Fortunately during the period which brought so many changes, and obliterated so many of the historical land- marks in all our old cities, Germantown slumbered quietly, ii 12 Historic Germantown and, off from the path of so-called progress and improve- ment, there are, consequently, left in it many landmarks of the last century. A complete history of Germantown is yet to be writ- ten. In no one place can be found a full and consecutive account of the settlement, rise and progress of the town. Hon. Samuel W. Pennypacker, in his "Settlement of Ger- mantown," has covered with great thoroughness the causes which led to the German immigration and the settlement itself ; Mr. Julius F. Sachse, in his several histories of the German sects, makes unnecessary any further research in this direction; the Rev. S. F. Hotchkin, in his "German- town and Chestnut Hill, ,, has brought together much valuable local information; Townsend Ward, in his "Walks in Germantown, ,, published in the Pennsylvania Magazine, Volumes V and VI, gives a wealth of local incident and tradition, but unfortunately he died before his labors were completed, his walks extending only to near the centre of the town. Admirable in the field which it covers is Mr. Edwin C. Jellett's "Rare and Notable Plants of Germantown, " reprinted in book form from a series of articles which appeared in the Independent- Gazette. Dr. Marion D. Learned has prepared the final and satisfactory "Life of Francis Daniel Pastorius, ,, the Preface 13 leader of the German immigrants. In "Watson's Annals" are many incidents of local history. Dr. Alfred C. Lamb- din, in his scholarly address on the "One Hundredth Anniversary of the Battle of Germantown," gives a full and comprehensive account of this important incident in the town's history, and in many other places are to be found scraps of historical material, but no one has as yet brought all together in a complete and harmonious whole. This little book is not a history of Germantown. Its aim is to present in as brief a way as possible the main historic facts connected with the town, and to arrange these facts in such a way that the sightseer may have no trouble in finding and identifying each particular site. The thanks and indebtedness of the Society are due to Mr. Thomas H. Shoemaker, whose unequalled store of information and collection of photographs and prints of ancient Germantown has been largely drawn upon. Also to the Rev. Francis Heyl, to whose care was committed a portion of the work of writing; to Dr. Naaman H. Keyser, a life-long student of the town's history, whose collections of material have been freely placed at the dis- posal of the writer, and to General Louis Wagner, Mr. Francis Howard Williams, Mr. William E. Chapman, and Miss Anne H. Cresson for valuable information. HOWTO REACH § GERMANTOWN ^ GERMANTOWN is reached by steam cars via the Pennsylvania Railroad from Broad Street Station and the Philadelphia and Reading Road from the Reading Terminal. The former road skirts the west of the town and the latter the east. On the Pennsylvania Railroad, Queen Lane Station is near the Manheim cricket grounds and makes a good starting point to visit the places de- scribed in the chapter, page 137. Chelten Avenue Station is near the centre of the town and nearest the Rittenhouse House and site of the first paper mill, while Upsal Station is nearest the Chew House. Wayne Junction Station, on the Reading Road, is located at the extreme lower end of the Main Street of Germantown, and is a very good start- ing point for a sight-seeing tour. Chelten Avenue Station on the Reading Road will bring the tourist near the centre of the town. Germantown may also be reached by the trolley cars on Seventh Street (take cars marked Mt. Airy), also on Eleventh Street (take cars marked Mt. Airy or Chestnut Hill), and by the Germantown trolley on Thirteenth Street. The "Mt. Airy" and "Chestnut Hill" cars traverse the Main Street, or the old and H How to Reach Germantown 1 5 historic portion of the town, while the Thirteenth Street cars traverse Wayne Avenue (which is two long squares west of the Main Street), passing through the modern residence section. The trip out by trolley takes from fifty minutes to an hour. Fare, 5 cents. The Reading Railroad to Germantown was the first railroad operated in Philadelphia. In 1827 Edward H. Bonsall and Joseph Leibert visited Mauch Chunk to see the great marvel, the gravity road. On their return they proceeded to awaken public interest in a railroad to Ger- mantown. A charter was obtained, and so eager were the public to invest that for every five shares subscribed three were allotted. John G. Watmough was elected President and Edward H. Bonsall, Treasurer. The road was opened June 6th, 1832. The cars made six trips a day, drawn by horses. November 23d, follow- ing, the first locomotive, "Old Ironsides," probably the first made in the United States, made by Matthias W. Baldwin, the founder of the Baldwin Locomotive Works, was placed on the road. Crowds assembled at Ninth and Green Streets, the Philadelphia terminus, to see the train pass. Farmers came long distances to see its arrival in Germantown. Almost every one is now familiar with the notice which stated that, when it rained, horses would draw the train, as the engine was not taken out in the wet. For an illustration and short account of "Old Ironsides," see Pennsylvania Magazine, Vol. XI, p. 80. From the Latin of Francis Daniel Pastorius in the German town Records. 1688. Hail to Posterity! Hail, future men of Germanopolis ! Let the young generations yet to be Look kindly upon this. Think how your fathers left their native land, — Dear German-land ! O sacred hearths and homes ! — And, where the wild beast roams, In patience planned New forest-homes beyond the mighty sea, Then undisturbed and free To live as brothers of one family. What pains and cares befell, What trials and what fears, Remember, and wherein we have done well Follow our footsteps men of coming years! Where we have failed to do Aright, or wisely live, Be warned by us, the better way pursue, And, knowing we were human, even as you, Pity us and forgive! Farewell, Posterity! Farewell, dear Germany! Forevermore farewell ! John G. Whittier. 16 HISTORIC GERMANTOWN THE SETTLEMENT OF GERMANTOWN THE first settlers of Germantown came from the country of the lower Rhine, not far from the borders of Holland. The purchase of land was made through the Frankfort Company, of which Francis Daniel Pastorius was the agent in America for a number of years. In 1683 thirteen families, including in all thirty-three persons, set out from Crefeld, their native town, for Lon- don, where passage had been engaged for them to Penn- sylvania in the ship Concord, by James Claypole, a Quaker merchant of that city, who was to be their fellow passenger. On the 24th of July they sailed from London, and arrived in Philadelphia the 6th of October. They were met on landing by Pastorius, who had preceded them a few weeks. On the 24th of October Thomas Fairman, the surveyor of the Province, laid out their land in the township, afterwards called Germantown, and on the 17 1 8 Historic Germantown next day the immigrants met in the cave of Pastorius on the bank of the Delaware and made selection of the plots of land by lot. Having done this, they proceeded at once to clear their land and erect dwellings before the winter should overtake them. The following are the names of the thirteen settlers: Abraham Op den Graeff , Thones Kunders, Herman Op den Graeff, Reynier Tyson, Dirck Op den Graeff, Jan Lucken, Lenart Arets, Johannes Bleikers, Jan Seimens, Peter Keurlis, Willem Streypers, Abraham Tunes, Jan Lensen. They were all Friends or Mennonites, but just how they were divided between these two bodies is not known. Before their departure from Germany there had been a Friends' Monthly Meeting held at Crefeld, which was discontinued immediately after their departure, indicating that all or nearly all the full body of members had gone. By 1690, when the village of Germantown had grown to forty-four families, twenty-eight of them were Friends and the other sixteen of other religious faiths. >9 2o Historic Germantown The next year (1684) other immigrants arrived and thereafter a steady flow of settlers from Germany and the Rhine provinces came to Pennsylvania, the majority pass- ing through Germantown. Many remained in the town, among them the ancestors of some of our present day fami- lies, — the Keysers, Shoemakers, Johnsons, Rittenhouses, Leverings, Saurs, etc. Germantown was the threshold over which entered into the new country the various German sects, the Dunkards, Lutherans, Swenkfelders, etc., now occupying the southeastern portion of Pennsyl- vania. On the 13th of February, 1694, a number of Pietists, originally from Germany, embarked at London on the ship Sarah Maria for Pennsylvania. After many adven- tures the ship entered the Chesapeake and landed the immigrants in Maryland, whence they journeyed overland to Germantown. These men, with Johannes Kelpius as their Superior, took up their residence on the Ridge, as the high land between the Wissahickon and Schuylkill is called. Here they built a tabernacle of logs. They spent their time mostly in seclusion, engaged in religious devo- tion, in the study of astronomy and the occult arts. These men gradually passed away, the Hermitage, in Hermits' Lane, near the Wissahickon, being one of the few re- minders of their existence. The Settlement of Germantown 2 1 The early settlers brought with them the habits of industry and thrift which characterize the German race. In addition to the cultivation of the soil, which was never their main dependence, they brought various trades with them. Many were linen weavers. In 1686 Abraham Op den Graeff petitioned the Council to grant him the Gov- ernor's premium for "The first and finest piece of linen cloth," and as early as 1692 Richard Fraeme wrote: "The Germantown of which I spoke before Which is at least in length one mile or more, Where lives High German people and Low Dutch Whose trade in weaving cloth is much, — Here grows the Flax as also you may know That from the same they do divide the tow." Later the manufacture of stockings from the famous Germantown wool was begun, and by 1760 the Rev. Andrew Burnaby writes: — "The Germantown thread stockings are in high estimation and the year before last I have been credibly informed there were manufactured in that town alone above 60,000 dozen pairs, their com- mon retail price a dollar per pair." "The earliest settlers used to make good linens and vend them in Philadelphia. They were also distinguished, 22 Historic Germantown even till modern times, for their fabric of Germantown stockings. This fact induced the Bank of Germantown to adopt a seal, with such a loom upon it. The linen sellers and weavers used to stand with the goods for sale on the edge of the pavement in Market Street, on the north side, near to Second Street corner. The cheapness of imported stockings is now ruining their business." — Watson s Annals. The Borough of Germantown early adopted a label to mark their goods so that their excellent quality would be more easily distinguished. About this time the tanning industry had assumed considerable importance, as the following letter from John Morgan, Jr., dated at Reading, Pa., December 23d, 1777, while Philadelphia was occupied by the British Army, shows : — "I understand that all the stocking weavers at Ger- mantown with their looms and out of work supposed to be one hundred, also six or seven tanners who have large tan yards full of leather, part of which is nearly tanned; they might easily be removed. Query: — Are they not objects worthy of notice of Council? Should the enemy determine to stay or leave Philadelphia this winter they will probably destroy them which would be a great loss to this State. ,, The Settlement of Germantown 23 As has been pointed out elsewhere, the manufacture of paper was first begun in Germantown in 1690. This pre-eminence in manufacturing, first encouraged by the character and skill of the early settlers and carried on by them in their homes, has continued to the present time, as the great number of factories and important manufacturing plants in the neighborhood testify. 9 I THE ANCIENT TOWN § FOR many years Germantown consisted of a long, straggling village extending for nearly two miles along the Main Street. The appearance of the town was thoroughly German and continued so down through the period of the Revolution. The language of conversation among the inhabitants was mainly in German, until even a later period. The prevalence of yellow fever in Phila- delphia in 1793, and again in later years, caused many Philadelphians to take up their residence in Germantown, which made many changes in the language and customs of the town. As originally laid out there were to be four distinct villages along the Main road, all within the limits of what is now Germantown. Roughly their boundaries were: Germantown from the present Wayne Junction to the Abington Road, now Washington Lane ; Cresheim from this point to about the Mermaid Tavern; Sommerhausen to about one-eighth of a mile above Chestnut Hill; and Crefeld to Streeper's Mill, which was where the turnpike crosses the Wissa- hickon at the foot of Chestnut Hill. 24 25 i6 Historic Germantown In later years the settlement above Upsal Street, sur- rounding the Dunkard Church, was called Beggarstown, for the origin of which name there are several theories. This name has, however, passed entirely away, but in the dispatches and descriptions of the Battle of Germantown, it is frequently used. The early homes of the settlers were first of logs and later of the rough, dark, native stone. Built with their gables in the road, they had over-hanging hipped roofs and a projecting pent over the doorstep, as is still seen in the Engle house, No. 5938 Main Street; the door was divided in the middle to keep out stray animals, but with the upper portion open to admit air and light; on either side of the front door were little benches; the windows were small, usually swinging on hinges. The sombre coloring of the houses, the solidity and air of comfort and thrift surrounding them, the rows of trees along the streets, the orchards and spacious farm buildings in the rear, are mentioned as prominent charac- teristics by many of the early travelers who have described the village. As the tracts of land along the Main Street were sold and divided up they usually retained their full depth, so that the owners might have their wood and pasture lots The Ancient Town 27 in the rear, with the house on the Main Street. As more land was sold, these strips became still more narrow, so that at the time of the Revolution it was over and through these dividing walls and fences that the divisions of the American army were compelled to advance, greatly re- tarding their progress and affording protection to the retreating British. At the centre of the town was the market place and at the upper and lower ends were the two public burial grounds. On the east were several mills run by the waters of the Wingohocking, then a considerable stream, and on the west were even a greater number scattered along the Wissahickon. The cross roads of the town connected it with these mills and the ferry over the Schuylkill. The Abington Road, now Washington Lane, led to Abington Meeting. It was many years before any streets parallel with the Main Street were opened. About the middle of the eighteenth century, owing to the increase in wealth in Pennsylvania and particularly in Germantown, and the coming to the town of wealthy Philadelphians who made their summer homes here, larger and better houses were built, of which the Dirck Keyser house, No. 6205 Main Street, is an example. There are yet many of these well built houses remaining, and it was 28 Historic Germantown to arouse public sentiment to an appreciation of their artis- tic beauty, that they may be spared for many years as monuments of the early architecture, that the Site and Relic Society of Germantown was formed. § THE MAIN STREET Iqaaaaaaqaqaaaa0r>D&r>r>iD&r>i3&r)i GERMANTOWN Avenue, Germantown Road, or the Great Road, as it was anciently called, is said to follow what was an old Indian trail. It is still quite crooked, although it has been straightened some. As late as 1777, the year of the Battle, there were less than six cross roads. It therefore follows that what is of most historic interest is centered in the buildings along the Main Street, those on the cross streets being comparatively modern. But outlying at some distance, both on the east and west, there are historic points which come within the compass of what is now Germantown. It is proposed, as a matter of convenience, to take the visitor along the Main Street, with very short side trips from it, and then consider the historic sites on each side of the town which can best be visited in separate expeditions. Years ago the Germantown Road was called the worst road in the United States. The soil was of such a nature that in summer it was ground to fine, choking dust, while in winter and spring it was almost impassable for wheeled vehicles on account of the mud. The story is told of a gentleman who was building a house on the other side of 29 3 U ^ n c rt rt u ^ -G I^-f G in +-» ctf o ctf g *S-G o „, «-> 12 S3 i3 5- QJ CD <« cj +3 ,X3 H3 >> ^ g g: .2 . « X « c 9 SE Ph CO <* ^ § 2 .9 g ,H C *j S 2 6 .S -fl .5 fSffi^Sffi 8 8 8 8 8! O -g 2 rt ^ C CO CO CO CO j< rt L ft CO I co co c S: 5 * ■s Q x „ CO CO 3 £ .a £ kS J2 ^ ffi ffi £ 3 Oh H 1-3 160 3 ~U C .2 < to C HE g ^ g CO ^ J> •—i 3 co 8 8 88 c^ .«!? r- 1 S co fi "2 c 2 « O CS O •oJ fe M to 3 -fi S to r9 "s a U g * 1 i 5 v CO co PQ — 05 > a QQ g o to S I 161 Q C HEl-TEH HAfy__ } ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^>5n] a a I N D E X a a PAGE PAGE Academy, 75 Germantown, Battle of, 144 Alcott, Louisa M., 56 Germantown, Bibliography of 9 Allen's House, 123 Germantown Cricket Club, 136 Armat, Thomas, 67 Germantown, How to Reach 14 Arrival of Immigrants, 17 Germantown Library, 73 Ashmeads, 57,67 Germantown National Bank, 52,73 Awbry, 133 Germantown, Proposed Capitol U.S. ,136 Ax's Burying Ground, 108 Germantown, Streets of 160 Godfrey, Thomas, 130 Bank of North America, 79 Gorgas Family, 123, 142 Bank of Pennsylvania, 78 Gowen House, 124 Baptistry, 142 Green Tree Tavern, 92 Barron, Commodore James 41 Griffith House, 134 Beauregard, General P. G. T., 123 Bibliography, 9 Hacker House, 45 Billmeyer House, 117 Henry House, 38 Blair House, Branchtown, Butler Place, 98 128 126 Hill, Henry, Mansion, Hood's Burying Ground, 138 38 Carlton 138 57 Jefferson, Thomas, 52 V/dl 1 (ASH, Carriage Building, Johnson House, 104,106 Charter Oak Library, 107 Chew, Benjamin, 111 Kelpius Johannes, 20 Chew House, 111 Kemble, Fanny, 126 Church of Brethren, 118 Keyser House, 102 Clapier, Louis, 135 King of Prussia Tavern, 80 Cliveden, 111 Kunders, Thones, House, 40 Concord School, 107 Cushman, Charlotte, 100 Livezey House, 143 Dove House, Drinker, Elizabeth, 79 74,78 118 Logan, James, Loudoun, Lower Burying Ground, 31 34 38 YJ unKs id s y Ludwig, Christopher, 87, 122 Engle House, 88 Lutheran Church, Lutheran Theological Seminary, 121 123 Fence, Revolutionary, 106 Forrest, Colonel Thomas, 133 Market Square, 59 Friends' Meeting House, 55 Market Square Church, 70 i6 S i66 Historic Germantown McKean Family, Meade, General George G. Mehl House, Mennonites, Methodist Church, Middleton House, Monastery, Morris House, Morris-Littell House, Museum, Mutual Fire Insurance Co., Neglee's Hill, Ottinger House, PAGE 135 123 35 100 86 132 142 63 89 85 71 34 36 Paper Making, first in United States, 141 Pastorius, Francis Daniel, 89,155 Paul House, 122 Paxtang Boys, 59 Perm, William, 54, 69 Philadelphia National Cemetery, 132 Pomona, 110 Presbyterian Church, 82, 86 Price Homestead, 137 Randolph, Edmund, 52 Rittenhouse, David, birthplace, 140 Roberts' Mill, 129 Rock House, 53 Rodney House, 110 St. Luke's Church, 54 St. Michael's Episcopal Church, 91 St. Michael's Lutheran Church, 121 St. Stephen's Church, 45 Saur, Christopher, 47, 120 Saving Fund, 69 Shag Rag, Shippen, Dr. William, Slavery, Protest Against, Sparrows, English, Spencer House, Spring Bank, Stenton, Stuart, Gilbert, Toland House, Town Hall, Type First Made in America, United States Bank, Unruh House, Upper Burying Ground, Upsala, Vernon Park, Wagner House, Wakefield Mills, Warner Family, Washington, George, Washington, Martha, Washington Tavern, Wayne Junction, Welsh, Hon. John, Whitefield, George, Wister, Charles J., Wister, Owen, Wister's, Sally, Journal, Witherspoon, Major, Witt, Dr. Christopher, Women's Christian Association, Wyck, Zinzendorf, Count, PAGE 72 98 40 116 130 141 31 42 35 87 48,52 74 123 108 116 84 36 125 94 44, 46, 63, 74, 79 132 104 31 142 72 50 44 51 118, 122 89,94 69 95 67,70