* 'ti. . >^ "o 'I-^ » '^^ . %<^ .^''% 'P. A* *• J v^-^ ^-^ % <. ay o "^^0^ r-^ ^•^°^ «, ^ , fi a . • 'P. /)> ^'^^ .^'». ""^. C" ^' -^^.0^ "-^ ''.V, ■^o^ '^^^^ ^^ :^ "»' .<&^ ~°^ *-'.^-' A° >. "-^o' .^^ °^ *.'^- aO- -^ "o-."" A V <.'•"- i^ -VA. ,^ /^^fi-; \/ ;^K: %.^ '^& ^n/ "^^^^/"-^ V » 1 * "' . = ' V ^ -ov^ .\«av -^--0^ :^^»; -ov^ 'p v^ ° " ,<* J:.ii'=s^ » v.^^ X*' ..-•. ^^. ^* If? :%. 'bv .-^^- r^i-o^ ^°-n^ ^°-n#.. _ •.E'sSSW.i'^ ''.?< 4 O .«" ,5?°<. ,^^ ^^^ " , / \ PREFACE. The province of the historian is to gather the threads of the past ere they ekide forever his grasp, and weave them into a harmonious web, to wliich the art preservative may give immortality. Tiierefore, he who would rescue from fast-gatiiering oblivion the deeds of a community and send them on to futurity in an imperishable record, should deliver " a plain unvarnished tale," — " Nothing extenuate, Nor set down aught in malice.'' In such a spirit have the compilers of the following pages approached the work of detailing le history of the territory embodied herein, and tJ-ust t!ie;j- ha^c ueen fairly f;iithfiil to the task .njiosed. It has been their honest endeavor to trace the history of the development of this section from that period when it was in the undisputed possession of the red man to the present, and to place before the reader an authentic narrative of its rise and progress to the prominent position it now occupies anioug the counties of New England. That such an undertaking is attended with no little diffictiltv and vexation none will deny. The aged pioneer relates events of the early settle- ments, while his neighbor sketches the same events with totally diiferent outlines. Man's memory is ever at fault, while time paints a different picture upon every mind. With these the historian has to contend, and while it has been our aim to compile an accurate history, were it devoid of all inaccuracies, that perfection would have been attained which the writer had not the faintest con- ception of, and which Lord Macaulay once said never could be reached. From colonial and other documents in the State archives, from county, town, and village records, family manuscripts, printed publications, and innumerable private sources of information, we have endeavored to produce a history wiiich should prove accurate, instructive, and in every respect worthy of the county represented. How well we have succeeded in our task, a generous public — -jealous of its reputation and honor, of its traditions and memories, of its defeats and triumphs — must now be the judge. \Ve desire to acknowledge our thanks to the editorial fraternity generally for much valuable information which has greatly lessened our labor in the preparation of this work, to each and every one who has assisted us in the compilation, and would cheerfully make personal tnention of each, but it is impracticable, as the number reaches nearly a thousand. D. H. H. Philadelphia, May 4, 1883. iii CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAGE Geographical and Descriptive 1 CHAPTER II. - Indian History 2 CHAPTER III. Bench and Bar 8 CHAPTER IV. Medical History. Bristol North aDd South Districts of the Massachusetts Medical Su- ciety 3* CHAPTER V. Military History. The Third Regiment— The Fourth Regiment— The Seventh Regi- ment—The Eighteenth Regiment— The Twenty-third Regiment — Tlie Twenty -sixth Regiment — The Twenty-ninth Regiment — The Thirty-eighth Regiment— The Thirty-ninth Regiment— The Fortieth Regiment — The Forty-seventh Regiment 39 CHAPTER VI. New Bedford. Geographical — Topographical — First Record Reference to Old Dartmouth — Early Settlement — Indian Deed — Wasamequen and Waiiisutta to William Bradford and others — Incorporation of the Town — The First Representative — Other Early Represtntatives — The Rue-ells— King Philip's War 48 CHAPTER VII. New Bedford. — {Contimied.) Persecution of the Quakers — "Presented" for Non-utteudauce at Church — Various Rules and Regulations — Piinisliments — Fine for Attending Quaker Meeting — Arthur Howland lined for making "Motion of Marriage" — The Keniptuns — Other Early Settlers — ■ Tiie iVussells — Pioneer Whaling — Early Locations — Joseph Rotch — Isaac Uuwland — Privateers — View of the Village upon the Eve of its De8tru<;tion by the British 52 CHAPTER VIII. New Bedford. — {Continued.) Wnr of the Eevolulion : New Bedford a Rendezvous for Privateers — Arrival of the British Fle^^t- Burning of the Village— Gen. Charles Grey's Official Report — A.^count by Judge Edward Pope — Elijah Macomber's Account — Rem'niscences of John Gilbert — Reminis- cences collected by Capt. Lemoel S. Aiken — Statement of Charles Grinnell- List of Property Des'royed— Some Doubtful Pointe— The Extent of the Calamity— Pv>rsonal Sketclies- Gen. Grey's Life and Character — Facts and luc.dente 55 CHAPTER IX. New Bedford. — {ConUmted.) The JSliale Pishfry: The First New England Whaling- Cape Cod — Nantucket— New Bedford in 1740- Early Settlers— The "Ten- Acre Purchase"— Bedford Village— Growth Checked by War of Revolution — Privateers — Close of the War — Returning Prosperity — Edmund Gardner — The Ship " Rebecca" — Early 'Vuyages — The Development of the Busiuesjti — Success — Highest l''>int reached in 1857 — Destruction of Whalers by Confederate Cruisers- List ^^f Vessels Destroyed— The Disaster of 1871— The Whaling IntereEt in 18S3 6G CHAPTER X. New Bedford.— (Cburtnued.) Ecclesiastical History: First Congregational Society, Unitarian Church— The North Congregational Church— The Trinitariim Church— First Baptist Church— The North Baptist Church— The Second Baptist Church — Salem Baptist — County Street Methodist Episcopal Church — The Front Str<'ot Methodist Episcopal Churcli _An-n fit.o^t MctL.^aiac i'.piscopal Church— Pleasant StreoL Methodist Episcopal Church — African Mcthoi'Ut Episcopal Zio.i — African Methodist Episcopal Bethel— Grace Church— St. James* Church— North Christian Church— MiddleStreet Christian Church — South Christian Church— Christian Uniou Church— Spruce Street Christian — The Universalist Church— Society of Friends — Seamen's Bethel- Roman Catholic Ghurciies— Portuguese Church — Howland Chapel — Second Advent Church — Union Churcli, Plainville— Olivet Chapel — Rockdale Union Free Chapel Associu- tion — Missionary Chapel — Extinct Churches: Pacific Church, Third Christian, Cannonville Union Church, Mount Pleasant Church CHAPTER XI, New BzDyoRj}.— (Continued.) Press, Educational^ Banks, etc.: The Medley, or New Bedford Mariti Journal— The Mercury — The Standard — The Whaleman's Shijh- ping-List — The New Bedford Signal — Numerous other Newspapers" — Friends' Academy — Free PuLdic Library — The National Bank of Commerce — The Merchants' National Bank — The Mechanic;' National Bank— The First National Bank— The Citizens* Nationf.1 Bank — Institution forSaving? — Five-Cent Savings-Bank — M'atei Works — New Bedford and Faiiiiavou Street Railway — Post-Office — Wamsutta Mills— Potamska Mills— Grinnell Mills— Gosnold Mills, etc. — Masonic — Star in the East Lodge — Eureka Lodge — Adoniram Chapter R. A. M. — Sutton Commandery — Early Physi- cians — Fire Society, 1809 — The Ship " Rebecca" — Miscellaneoiis... ^<4 CHAPTER XII. New Bedford. — [Cotilinued.) Civil History — Military History: Incorporation of \he Town — Set- ting off of Fairbaven — Part of Dartmouth annexed to New Bed- ford — Part of Acnshnet annexed to New Bedford— Incorporiitioa of the City— List of Mayors— City Debt— M>fitary Record— War of 1S12— War of the Rebellion— Reprcst^^.tives to General Court —List of Soldiers— Roll of Honor-^^Idiers' and SailoiB' Monu ment .y^- * CKAPTEK XIII. ACVSHNET .^^ ■ i'l CHAPTER XIV. BrRKLBT 17t CHAPTER XV. Dabtmouth. Geographical — Bartholomew Goenold — Ilis Visit to these Shores in 1602— The Grant of Dartmouth— Original Bounds— Origin of tbf Name — Eccleeiastjcal Troubles — Resisting Tax;ition — Court Oi - ders — Stringent Laws— The Town Indicted— Imprisonment of Se- CONTENTS. PAGE li-cNnen of Dartmouth and Tiverton — Petition to the King— The Taxes Remitted and Prisoners Released— History of Early Set- tler* and Proprietors 191 CHAPTER XVI. Partmol'th. — {Conlinwd.) l>c€Umentary History..- 197 U'or tif the Rei'tilution ins: "f 1774— Tlie Kesolves- CHAPTER XVII. Dartmouth.— (OoMtiimed.) First Action of the Town- -The Town-Meet- Patriotic Women— They Resolve to Discontinue the Use of Tea— Interesting Incident- Revolution- ary Soldiei-s— Extracts from Town Records 200 CHAPTER XVIII. Dartmouth. — [Cwitinued) Eccletutstical HUtnry ; Apponegansett Meeting— First Chi-istian Church — Congregational Church — The South Dartmouth Baptist Church— The Second Clui.stiau Church— Methodist Episcopal Church— Smith Mills Christian Church— Christian Church in BakerviUe 203 CHAPTER XIX. DionroN.. 214 CHAPTER XX. DiGHTON . — ( Continued.) First Deed of Philip, Chief Sachem of Pokanoket, to William Brtuton and others of Land in the South Purchase, being the lip; f-v Three Miles '■ CHAPTER XXI. CHAPTER XXII. / i(£r.fljWN.. CHAPTER XXiri. Fall River. Gen^'raphical— Topographical— Original Purchase of 1656 — The In- dian Deed — The Pocasset Purchase in 16S0— Incorporation of Freetown and Tiverton— Disputfil Bouiiilaries— SMvision of Po- ijisset Purchase — Early Settlers— Col. BiMijaniin Olinrch — John Ui.'nlen— The Pioneer Grist-, Saw-, and Fnlliug-IMill— Early Valu- fttjon.s— Slow Growth of the SertU'Uient- The Village in 1803 — fjicreased Poj-ulation— Census of 1810— The First Cotton-Fac- lorj-— Col. Joseph Durfee— Fall River in 1S13— A New Era 308 CHAPTER XXIV. Fall RiyER. — {Continued.) War of Ih^ Revolution : lleniinisceuces of Col. Joseph Durfee — Early Incidents- 1777 — Fall Kiver exposed to the British— Organization of u Guard ot Njety — The British appvoach the Town by Boats — Firt-'d upon hy tin- Guard at the Bay — Ketroat of the Guard — Pur- BUit hy the Enemy— B;itlle near the Briilge— The Enemy defeated — Biirnins. 'tobesun Milld— The Tecunisfh Mills— The Diufeefllills— Th^-'Drtv ,1 Mills—The Merchants' Manufacluiing Company— The Medianics' Mills—The Stafford Mills— The Weetamoe Mills— Tbe Slade Mills— The Richard Borden Manufacturing Conii-any — The Wampauop.^ Mills— The ^'an■agillK-•■'tt Wills— The King Philip Mills— The Crescent Mills— The Montaup Mills— The Os- born Mills- The Chase Mills— The Flint Mills— The Borden City Mills— The Sagamore Mills— The Shove Mills- The Barnard Manufacturing Company — The Conanicut Mills— The Globe Yarn- Mills- The Bourne Mill— The Laurel Lake Mills— The Barnaby Manufacturing Company — The Fall River Bleachery — Warasntta Steam Woolen Mill — The Wyoming Mills — The Maesasoit Manu- facturing Company — Fall River Blerino Company — Fall River Spool and Bobbin Company — Tlie Fall River Iron-Works Com- pany — Fall River Machine Company — Hargravea Manufacturing Company — The Fall River Gas-Works — The Manufacturers' Gas- Light Company — Watnppa Reservoir Company — Anieiican Print- ing Company — Union Belt Company — Globe Street Railway — The Quequechau Mills —An Old Landmark 314 CHAPTER XXVI. Fall Rivkk.— (Continued.) The Banking Interest: The National Union Bank— The Fall River National Bank — The Massasoit National Bank — The Metacomet National Bank — The Pocasset National Bank — The Fiist National Bank — The Second National Bank— The Fall River Savings-Bank —Citizens' Savings-Bank — The Fall River Five-Cent Savings- Bank — The Union Savings-Bank 328 CHAPTER XXVII. Fall Rivrv..— (Continued.) irincellaneoii^ .■ T|,e Fall River Monitor— The Moral Envoy— The Village Recorder— The P.-\t riot—The Archetype— The Gazette— The Argus— The Flint and Steel— The Mechanic— Tho Wampa- noag — All Sorts — Journal — People's Press — The Labor Journal — L'lilcho dn Canada— The Spark- The Fall River News— Tlie Daily Evening News — The Fall River Daily Herald — The Advance— The Daily Record- The Daily Sun— The First Stage Line between Fall River and Providence — The Fall River Line of Steamers — The Clyde Line- Voters in 1830— The Fire of 1843- List of Buildings Destr-iyed- Custom-House and Post-Office— The City Hall— Edu- cational — Schools in 1703 — Present Conditiou of Schools — Mrs. Mary B. Young's Gift— The Public Library— The Skeleton in Armor — Water-Works — Fire Department — Oak Grove Cemetery — The North Cemetery — Civil Uistory — Incoi-poration of Town — Name Changed to Troy — Subsequently to Fall River — Incorpora- tion of the City— First Officers— Mayors from 1854 to 1884— Members of Congress Residents of Fall River — State Senators — Representatives from 1803 to 1884— Town Clerks from 1803 to 1854— City Clerks from 1854 to 1884— Present City Officers— Valuation from 1854 to 1882- Population from 1810 to 1882 332 CHAPTER XXVIII. Fall River. — (Continued.) Ecclesiastical History : The First Congregational Church — The Cen- tral Congregational Church — The Third Congregational Chiuxh —The First Methodist Kitiscopal Church- St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church — Biayfim Methodist Episcopal Chwich — The North Methodist Episcpiil Church— Quarry Street Methodist Episcopal Church- Maple Street Methodist Episcopal Church — Primitive Methodist Churcli— North Main Street Methodist Epis- copal Church- The First Baptist Church— Second Baptist Church —Third Baptist Church -Churcli uf the Ascension- St. John's Church- Christian Cliurcli, Franklin Sli-eet- North Christian Church— Church of the New Jernsalciw—Society of Friends- United Presbyterian Church— Hebrew >Voi-ah)per8— Roman Cath- olic Churches ./■ 347 CHAPTE}! XXIX. Fall Riyku.— (Continued.) ./• 302 CH^,^TEK XXX. Easton -i 416 CHAPTER XXXI. Easton.— (CoH/»iHed.)x«^' ^^2 / CHAPTER XXXII. Mansfiei.u .. 435 CONTENas. CHAPTER XXXIII. Rehoboth. page I Mogiaphical— Indian Purchase — Original Boxinds— The First Pur- chase—The Second Purchase— The North Purchase — The First White Settlers — First Meeting of Original Planteis — Valuation of Original Lands — Names of Proprietors — Early Townsmen — Documentary History — Deed from King Philip — Names of Inhab- itants in 16Sy 463 CHAPTER XXXIV. Rehoboth. — { Contiyiued.) Indian History: Rehoboth in the War — Gariison-Houses — Burning of the Town— Pierce's Fight— Philip Slain at Mount Hope— Cap- ture of Annawan — Annawan's Rock — Col. Benjamin Church — His Account of Annawan's Capture 468 CHAPTER XXXV. Rehoboth. — {Continxied,) War of the Revolution 474 CHAPTER XXXVI. Rehoboth. — ( Continued,) Ecclesiastical History: First Congregational Church — Oak Swamp Church— The Hornebiue Church — The Irons Church— Methodist Episcopal Church — The Union Baptist Church 477 CHAPTER XXJ^vir. Seekonk. Geographical— Incorporation of the Town— Act of Incorporation- The First Town-Meeting- Documentary History— Fortification at Kettle Poiut-Representatives-Senators— Changing of Bound- ary—Military History— Names of Soldiers 494 CHAPTER XXXVIII. Seekokk. — [^Continued.) £cdesiaslicul History : Congregational Church— The Baptist Church ^The Hebron Church '- 407 CHAPTER XXXIX. Attleborough. Rehoboth North Purchase— How and by whom Purchased— Bound- aries — "WamsuttVs Deed— Thomas Willett, Character and Ser- vices—List of Proprietors — Proceedings of Proprietors— First Regular Division 506 CHAPTER XL. Attleborovgh. — {Continued.) ■ratim — Origin of the Name — William Blackstone — His His- ettlement.etc. — John Woodcock — His Garrison — First Ordi- f ,.i\ —HiBfocyof hisSettlemeut here— First Mill in Town— Attack ,, T. ,'f,,,,. " -•.^w-.,_gig Petition fur. Allowance of Land — Grant - Employed in England on Disputed Boundary Monument 514 CHAPTER XLI. • TTL2BOR0UGII.— (COHdllKecZ.) n Fight; or, Battle on the Blackstone- Nine II I atened Arack on Wrentham 524 CHAPTER XLII. ■tTTLEBORouGH.— /C(m(»ni(cd.) lii-st ] and >:evU •hinTown— Koticisof Hahijah Weld,Wik?er, ] of the Town int*) t\-o Parishes — East Parish, 3 of the Ministers — N')rth Baptist Church — .-8 — Notices of Modem Religious Societies 527 CHAPTER XLill. Attleborough.- (C'onit»i«€a B«v--Uio-., 1301-05 ^ (^Ofi CHAPTER XLVIII. Norton.— (Con^ftmed.) EccUtiastical Iliitory—Educiilional: The Congregational (Unitarian) Church — The Trinitarian Congregational Church- The Baptist Chnrch— Wesleyan Methodist Church- The Methodist Episcopal Church— Roman Catholic Church— Wheaton Seminary ' ' CHAPTER XLIX. Norton. — {Coniiiiued.) Manufacturing Interests ' 1^ CHAPTER L. Norton. — { Continued,) MitceUantom : Physicians— Ojllege Graduates— Stocks and 'Whip- ping-Post— Gas-Works— Runaway ANife— Witchcraft— Masonic ■ Pofit-Office— The Town Ilall CHAPTER LI. Norton. — ( (^^ntinued.) Civil History— Mililtiry History: Representatives— Selectmen— T..\i u Clerks- Deputy Sheriffs— State Senators— Councilors— .ludges of Court of Conmiou Pleas— Judges of Probate— Judge of Sessions —Register of Probate— Members of Congress— Taxea—Popnlation — Military Record ®24 CHAPTER LII. Somerset. Geographical— Shawomat Purchase, 16S0— The First Meeting of Purchasers— List of First Purchasers— Early Schools— Si^hoolmas- ters— Incorporation of Somereet— The First Town-l>Ie^':::s— Ofli- cers Elected— The First Representative to the General Court ~ Valuation and Tax-List for 18:i;i— Present ^•aluation— Somerset ' 1848— Representatives— Ecclesiastiral History— Society of Frie^ —The First Baptist Chnrch— M'.lliodist Episcopal Church—'' odist Episcopal Church, South Somerset- The First C'-" Church— The Fii-st Congregational Church— Roman Church— Militai^ History ._, CHAPTER LIII. !^ Swansea. _, 3ij4 Geographical — Incorporation of the Town — "Wannani 4**7 Documentary History— Early Inliabitanti- Division (if *'" King Philip's War— Original Gniiit— Capt. Thomas W .,,... Sll "Proposals" — .\dmission of InhaUitantfi — First Deputy El, .. ' '" .lohu Allen- Towu Ofticers of li;7(l— Extracts finni Early ... —Revolutionary War — Committee of Inspec'ion— Vuri-ius CONTENTS. PAGE couoerning the Revolutionary Period — Election of 1780~Pioneer Schools— First Schoolmaster— John Myles— 1702, Town Fined for cot Having School 652 CHAPTER LIV. Swansea.— ( C(yrUinued.) Pioiioer History— King Philip's Wur 657 CHAPTER LV. SvrASSE.K. —{Contimied.) EcdeKimtical History : The First Baptiet Church— The Non-Sectarian (Jhristian Church— Christ Church, Swansea Village— The Six- Principle Baptist Church— The Univei-salist Church 064 CHAPTER LVr. WFStPOET... G78 CHAPTER LVII. Raynham. Geo-r.iphical— Early History— The First Iron-Works iii America— TheLeouards- Indliin lllsiury— Pioneer Faniilies-The Old Leou- anl House- The Revolutionary War— Votes of the Town— Names of Soldiers- Seth Deau— Ecclesiastical History— The Congrega- tional Church— The Baptist Church— Tne vitiuL^ir... oi.,.rvi, Educational — Einly BciiuoiuiastprF — Their Salary — School Money in 1777— List of College Graduates- Militia Officers — Early Mer- chants—Physicians — Longevity — Justices of the Peace — High Shei iffs — Villages — Incorporation of the Town — First Town-Meet- ing — OfBcers Elected — Selectmen — Representatives and Town Clerks from 1731 to 1884— Early Votes— Military Record 707 CHAPTER LVIII. Taunton. Boundaries — Topography— City Organization — Population 728 CHAPTER LIX. Ta iinton. — ( Continued.) Kiily Explorations— First Settlement — Acquisition of Territory 729 CHAPTER LX. Taunton. — ( Continued.) Military Affairs During the Colonial Period 736 CHAPTER LXr. TiCNTON. — (Continued.) 749 CHAPTER LXII. Tacston. — ( Continued.) pag z The Farms of Mr. Hooke and Mr. Street— Notices of Early Settlei-s. 77o CHAPTER LXIIL Taunton.— (G3H(in«erf.) Ancient Burying-Grounds and Inscriptions from Old Gravestones — List of Officers, 1638-91 , 7S1 CHAPTER LXIV. Tkvktos.— (Continued.) Ecclesiastical History 786 CHAPTER LXV. Taunton. — ( Continued.) The Educational Interests — Bristol Academy — Taunton Water- Works — Taunton Lunatic Hospital — The Old Colony Historical Society — Public Library — Bible Society — Good Templars — Hu- mane Society — Early Physicians — Mount Pleasant Cemetery 799 CHAPTER LXVL Taunton. — (Continued.) Civil History — Representatives from Taunton, 1693 to 1884— City Officers — Postmasters — Councilors 817 CHAPTER LXVII. TauvTON. — (Conlinued.\ Manufacturing Interests _ i,z-2 CHAPTER LXVIII. Taunton.— (Cton/»merf.) Corporations, Banks, Societies, etc 840 CHAPTER LXIX. Taunton. — ( Comintted.) Taunton in the War of the Revolution— The War of 1812-15— Taun- ton Companies and Men in the Rebellion 844 CHAPTER LXX. A Sketch of the Courts and Bar of Bristol County 887 CHAPTER LXXI. Homoeopathy in Bristol County and its Practitioners 893 CHAPTER LXXII. Miscellaneous 887 Errata 922 CONTENTS. Bioc3-i?.j^i=H:ioj^rj. Al.be. iP 1»1 Aldon, <>•'•'""• 31 Aldrich-f- M 39^ Alger, ]'«": 596 Almy, (»"■'« 153 Aliiiv ^^derick 214 j!^lj„y_ bomas 207 ^\ I,,,'. Thomas 382 ^l„,, William 206 ^,i,(.ilake6 429 ;^,„i,nlivei, Sr 428 j^j,s,liliver, Jr 430 ^^„-oi, Bev. Thomas .'. 191 , A'-i"'"'^--' • •■ 390a Dafilill William 187 Baco 1, ifttifub „ 34 Bailev, 6. E 460 BarltrT.William, Jr 208 Barn.v, E. L 18 Bann, D. I, 26 Bartlftt, I. H 137 BassjH Anselni "' Bassem Ezra ^ Battfl.l, Hezekiah 31 BayH.M Alfred 863 Baylii's Edmund 861 Bavllis Francis 26 145 28 ._,_. 676 ., 32 871 , Colby, H. G.O ■■' Congdon, J. B 13.'. Covel, Benjamin *0: Crane, A. B 1* Crane, G. B ''>31 Crapo, H. H '21' I Crapo, W. W. I'' i Crocker, George E '*' [ Crocker, Oliver '■^'* I Crocker, S. L Cuslimaii, Hercnles Cuuiuiinga, J. W Daggett, U. N »J Daggett, John ^' Daggett, L. W 683 Dautorth, H. L • If! Davis, A. H Sll Davis, Nathan , .-. "ov Davis, E. T .....;....:.....:;::."•".—"••—•■••• -■■ sse Davol, Wm. C j- *'3 Davol, Stephen ....; J- 386 z>ean, Barzillia,.'.....^ 1... 433 Dean, C. H ./.... 41.5 Dean, E. G •■• . J..... 886 Dean, L. W ./. 681 Dean, Theodore ! 864 Dean, Thomas H 4.33 ,T. A ,E. H... Family (STi?).- !>......„.■. Blandii*, W. W 489 Bliw, Aliali 493 Bliss, Gfcrge W 491 Boomcr,lr. .\ 30 Bordeii,t:hnstopher 70O Borden, Co.ik 379 Bordtii, Jetterson 411 Bordi n,N. II 370 Bonleu,Bii liard 374 Borden, ^. 1 393 Borden, 4l;in8en 18 Bourne, J(>ti;ithan 144 BrabrookF.iniilj (The) 867 Brale.v, H. K 33 Brigliani, L. F 17 Briggs, D. iS,. 190 Brown, JoM|ll 502 Brown. J. p _ 877 Brown, W*( A. 676 Brownell, )•„ P 702 ButliotoD, Iiarhjs 651 Buffi II ton, .Inmei 414 Buffinlou, EdwarA P .^. 390b Caproii,,!- W 580 Case, S. ii, W m 391 865 592 603 690 431 20 33 1 27 jiel ?. 629 306 188 283 '=*"«■■, 1 401 '^•born, aver ., 400 ■ arker lily (The) 133 ''«rk«-, deriek IfjO '■■irker, A 127 ''""I. A. 266 23 W., ert.. 884 4^2 491 lliam F 4.:.8 C 1^ c ..) i.v 8C:i 140 46 590 27 ^876 'ifi 577 691 8Cfi 390b 305 27 S8 98 72 73 S \" 4.'.7 141 9 704 722 .593 .974 Phillips, J. M Phillips, W. H Phillips, William Pierce, E. W Porter, Burrill, Jr Pratt, Horatio, Presbrey Family (The) "... Prescott, Oliver Price, George Read, II. C Reed, H. G Reed, Jlilton Reed, Washington Reed, C. I i Richards Family (The) Richards, E. H Richards, H. M Richardson, Stephen Robinson, Charles Robinson, Enoch .". Robiusou, Willard Rogers, John Rotch Family (The) RusBell, J. S Sanford, S. T Shaw, N.W Sherman, C. E. W ■SKittt»<.r, U__H Slade, Abner I. 673 Slade, A. P .(.. 649 Slade, Jonathan ;,. 647 Shule, John P 40.'. Slade, Nathan 7n". Slade, William L.. ....TT.T.... ;...;.... •:■{-. Slocum, \Villiam I; Smith, Iram —a. Smith,!. I , . Spooner, N. S Standish, T. D ■• Stanley, S. ,\ 67^ Staples, A. B Slis Staples, S.N ._. 8Sj Stevens, F. S 674 Stetson, T. M , 19 Stone, S. A , r,:i:'. Sturdy, W. A 6;;l Swift, R. N 172 Swift, \V. C. N l.iM Sproat, James 24 Stone, J. C 16 Taber, C. S 280 Taber, E. T eei Taber, Henry 148 Talbot, G. H 636 Tillinghast, Nicholas .S,- 25 Tracy, John 727 Trafford Family (The) ; 213 TraCTord.W. B i 381 Tripp, B. F i 703 Towne Family (Thej .-, 720 Tucker, Joseph 212 Vickery, C. R i 863 Warren, C. H , .'. 9 Weavei-, Stephen ./ G78 Wheaton, Laban ./. 627 Wheaton, L. M ./■ 629 Wheeler, J. F.: ,./ 884 White, D. D tj- 724 Wluto, J. W /. 723 White, Samuel J- 21 Whiting, W.D /. .584 Wilbar, Joseph J Son Wilbur, Daniel ./.. 64f Wilcox, L. T ^'. ai Wilkinson, Ezra ,^.. 'i4 Williams Family {ThJf. , sJj CONTENTS. PAGE Williams, A. K 884 Williams, Eliab 29 Willialiis.M.G 723 Williams, J. M 25 Williams, J. R 16 I'AQE William*, Lemuel 9 Wing, B. F 210 Wood, C. L 131 Wood, N. M bTo I Ij LTJ s T K.^T I o nsr s. PAGE Al.le, E. P facing lol Aldricli, J. M " 397 Alger, Isaac " 597 Aliiiy, Charles " 153 Almy, Frederick " 214 Almy, Thomas " 207 Almy, Thomas " 382 Alm.v, William " 206 Ames, Oliver, Sr " 428 Ames, Oliver, Jr " 430 Ames, Oakes " 429 Anher, J. J " 390* Baljbilt, William " 186 Bailey, G. E " 460 Barker, William, Jr " 208 Bartlett, I. H " 137 Baylies, Alfred " 862 Baylies, Edmund " 801 Beauvuis, J. A " 145 Bennett, E. H..... " 27 Blake, Mortimer " 871 Blackinton, Willard " 570 Blackiiiton, William " 577 BlauJing, W. W " 490 Bliss, Abiah " 493 Bliss, George W " 491 Boomer, F. A " 30 Borden, Cook " 379 Boiden, Christopher between 700,701 Borden, N. B facing 370 Borden, Richard " 374 Borden, T.J " 393 Bourne, .lonathau " 144 "^iBrabrook, George " 867 'Braley,H. K " 32 Brigham, L. F " 17 Briggs, D. S " 190 Bristol County, map of " 1 Brov\'u, J. P " 876 Brown, Joseph i " 502 Brown, 51. A " 076 Brownell, E. P " 702 Bultiuton, Darius between 650, 651 Case, S. facing 5o6 Capron, J. W^ " 580 Chace, Augustus " 399 Chase, Edmund ** 38» Chace, A. H...: " 308 Chace, Oliver " 378 Chaffee, Oliver " 503 Church, Nathauiel " 281 Clark, C. E " 173 Clitford, C. W .'. " 20 CliffoMl, J. II " la Cobletl, Sabin '• 461 Codding, Abiel " 687 Cougilon, J. B , " 135 Corel, lienjamin *' 405 Crane,.\. B " n>9 Crane, G. B " 631 Crapo, H. H " 12'J Crapo, W. W " IS Crocker, George E between 13G, 137 Crocker, S. L facing *!58 Crocker, Oliver between 136, 137 PAGE Daggett, H. N facing 885 Daggett, Jolin " 33 Daggett, L. W " 58.S Davis, Natlian " 650 Davis, E. T " 387 Davol. Stephen " 386 Dean, Barzillia 434 Dean, C. H facing 415 Dean, E. G between 884, 885 Dean, Theodore facing S64 Dean, L. W " 581 Dean, Thomas H 434 Deane, L. B facing 632 Dighton Bock {JUe) " 250 Drake, H. P " 4.35 Dunbar, S. ■' 885 Dweliy, Jerome '• 398 Earie, L. S " 402 Earle, Weston '• 262 Kliot, T. D " 10 Bldridge, E. H between 884,885 Emery, S. H facing 872 Fall River in 1812, Map of. between 310, 311 Fish, H. H facing S6S Fishers, S. P " 579 Fletcher, P. H •' l,S7 French, Job B between 388,389 French, George R " .388, 389 Gifford, Benjamin facing 700 Gifford, George II *' 698 Gifforil, Williiim between 698,699 Giflbrd, William II " 698,699 Gilmore, E. W facing 420 Gooding, C. H " 263 Gordon, William A between 208, 209 Greene, D. E facing 133 Grinnell, Joseph " 1.39 Haskell, Edward " 159 Hathaway, John B " 407 Hathaway, Alden, Jr " 307 Hathaway, G. II " 304 Hathaway, Samuel '* 377 Ilalbaway, William, Sr " loQ Ilawes, John A " 280 Hawes, J. C between 158, l.)9 Hawes, Simeon facing 15S Ilayward, C. E " o'.tS Henry, James " 406 . HiirKs, Andrew '• (jgg Horton, Dauforth *. " 401 Ilorton, E. J " .595 Horton, E.S " 594 Horton, N. B between 492,493 Howard, A.F facing 873 Uowland, A. Franklyn '* 40 Hunt, V. D , " 282 Huttlestone, Henry *' 279 Jones, E. U " 878 ,Ione8, Samuel " 720 Keith, Edwin " ggy Kilburn, E.C ** a95 Kimball, John " 433 King, George W '« 72.') Knowles,Josepli " ];3c Ladd, Warren " 155 CONTENTS. PAGE Lawtoii, George facing 707 Leiund, P. W " 376 Leonard, C. U " 138 Leonard, CromweU *' 630 Leonard, Ebenezer between 172, 173 Leonard, J. M — ■ " 650, 051 Lincoln, J. T facing 384 Lindsey, C. E " 394 Lindsey, William " 390 Lothrop, T. ,1 "■ 877 LoveriTig, Willard " 859 Luther, S.M " 404 Maconiber, Israel " 706 Macomber, Leonard " 701 Mackie, J. H " 162 Mandell, Thomas " 132 MarBton, George " 16 Marvel, William " 403 Mason, William " 391 Mason, William " 865 May, EG " 592 Medbery, Vaill " 504 Merritt, H. D between 590, 591 Morse, E. J. W facing 431 Morton, Marcns Newcomb, Nathaniel.. Nichols, T. G Nichols, W. D Nye, Obed Osborn, J. M Osborn, Weaver .• facing Parker, Frederick Parker, J. A Parker, Ward M Paul, A. W Perry, Albert Perry, Otis Perry, William 7 Perrin,P. I Phillips, J. M Phillips, W. H Phillips, William Pierce, Alfred Pierce, E. W Porter, Bnrrill, Jr Presbrey, S. V Price, George Read, U. C Beed, H. G Reed, "Washington Richards, H. M Richards, J. D Richardson, Stephen Robinson, Charles Robinson, Enoch Robinson, Willard " 26 " 629 " 300 " 188 " 283 ..between 400, 401 400 160 127 134 265 462 492 458 884 870 869 149 596 45 590 875 57 S 691 866 305 572 589 573 118 719 575 PAGE Rogers, John facing 457 Botch, W.J " 141 Sauford, S. T " 704 Shaw, N. W '"^-^22 Sherman, C. E '• 5S3, Slade, Abner " 673 Slade, A. P " 649 Stade, Jonathan " 647' Slade, John P between 404, 405 Slade, Nathan facing 705 Slade, William L " 648 Slocimi, William B " 209 Smith, Irani " 392 Smith, T.I " 561 Skinner, N. H " 874 Spooner, N. S " 171 Standish, T. D " 266^ Stanley, S. O between 578, 679 Staples, A. B " 868, 809 Staples, S.N " 882,883 Stetson, T. M facing 19 Stevens, F. S " 674 Stone, S. A " 633 Sturdy, W. A " 634 Swift, B. N " 172 Swift, W. C. N " 150 Taber, C. S between 280,281 Taber, E. T " 280,281 Taber, Henry facing 148 Talbot, O. H " 635 Taunton, Map of between 768, 769'>'- Towne, E. B facing 721 Tracy, John " 727 Trafford, W. B " 381 Tripp, B. F " 703 Tucker, Joseph " 212 Vickery,C. B " 863 Weaver, Stephen " 678 Wheaton, Laban " 627^ Wheatou, L. M " 028 Wheeler, J. F " 883 White, D. D " 724 White, J. W between 722, 723 Whiting, W. D facing 584 Wilbar, Joseph " 860 Wilbur, Daniel between 048, 649 Williams, A. H facing 881 Williams, A. IC " 882 Willhanis, Eliab " 29 Williams, Francis " 870 Williams, Francis K " 880 Williams, John B between 880, 881 Williams, M. G " 722. 723 Wing, B. F facing 210 Wood, C. L " 131 Wood, N. M " 675 Ai MORTH EAST BlUSTOL f^O J 5W 1! I' HISTORY OP BRISTOL COUNTY. MASSACHUSETTS. CHAPTER I. GEOGRAPHICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE. Bristol County is situ.ated in tlie southern sec- tion of Massacliusetts, its centre tliirty-five miles from Boston, and two hundred miles from New York. It is bounded on the north by Norfolk, and east by Ply- mouth Counties, on the south by Rhode Island and the Atlantic Ocean, and on the west by Rhode Island. Its area is about six hundred square miles. It was in- corporated in June, 1685, bearing the name of its shire-town until 1746, when Bristol, Barrington, Little Coinpton, and Warren were set off to Rhode Island by a new divi-sion line drawn between the two States. In 1675 the county included but eleven towns, viz.: Attleborough. Berkley, Easton, Dighton, Dartmouth, Freetown, Raynham, Norton, Rehoboth, Swansea, and Taunton, aggregating a population of twenty- two thousand five hundred and seventy-one. Fall River, New Bedford, Acushnet, Fairhaven, Mans- field, Somerset, Seekonk, and Westport had not been incorporated. Taunton was made the capital, or shire-town, where all courts were held until 1828, when New Bedford, having become an important seat of navigation, with a population of si.K thousand three hundred and thirty- two, the largest town in the county, by legislative en- actment was created a half-shire town, with its court- house and other county appendages. In 1860 another line was drawn, severing Pawtucket and a portion of Seekonk from this county, adding them to Rhode Island, and in exchange taking a portion of Tiverton to Fall River from that State. In 1877, Fall River havinggrown into an important manufacturing border city of forty-si.x thousand inhabitants, it was assigned by legislative grant the third seat of justice in the county, and a court-room fitted for that purpose. There are three cities and sixteen towns ; three senatorial districts, with three senators ; ten repre- sentative districts, with eighteen representatives in the Legislature from this county. The population in 1776 was 26,700; in 1790, 31,709; in 1800, 33,880; in 1 1810, 37,168; in 1820, 40,908; in 1830, 49,592; in 1840, 60,195; in 1850, 76,192; in 1860, 93,794; in 1870, 102,886 ; and in 1880, 139,040; showing a gradual progressive increase for a hundred years, or since the Revolution. The valuation (as appears by State De- partment records) of the county was in 1800, .$234,- 410.27; in 1810, $321,036.24; in 1820, $398,581; in 1830, $11,346,916; in 1840, .$19,493,685; in 1850, $39,- 243,560 ; in 1860, $66,294,256 ; in 1870, $80,425,791 ; in 1880, $100,029,138 ; exhibiting a larger relative pro- portionate increase in wealth than in population. The southern coast of the county is indented with numerous streams, inlets, bays, and harbors, affording great facilities for navigation, commercial intercourse, fishing, and maritime trade. Several rivers flow through the countj', — Taunton River being the prin- cipal, taking its rise in Norfolk, flowing through the west part of Plymouth, draining the east section of this county, and emptying into Mount Hope Bay, — furnish motive-power, co-operating with steam, for the extensive manufacturing interests, especially cot- ton, iron, and jewelry. The surface of the territory is diversified, undulating, rocky, hilly, but generally level in the northern and western portion, with a sandy and clayey soil, not very productive, but in the middle and southern rather prolific. The geological formation, granite, carboniferous, feldspathic, con- glomerate, etc., with frequent evidences of glacial visitations in past ages, from the numerous boulders observed in the central section of the country. Bog- iron ore is also largely developed in many northern locations, which from one to two hundred years ago was extensively utilized into bar-iron and cooking utensils. The Old Colony Railroad threads in systematic net- work nearly all the cities and towns of Bristol and adjoining counties, furnishing accommodations for freight and travel, and facilities of communication with all the cities and localities in the State, and the great thoroughfares north, south, east, and west. The Boston and Providence Railroad also passes through the northwest part of the county. There are in this county, according to the last 1 HISTORY OF BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. census, 30,015 families and 22,093 dwellings ; 1025 manufacturing establishments; number of persons employed, 34,068 ; wages paid during the year, $11,- 125,200; capital invested, ^2,128,950; amount of stock used, ^24,884,704 ; value of products, $46,127,- 452. Number of persons employed in agriculture, 5161; farms, 2730; value of farms, $8,631,243; value of live-stock, $759,892 ; acres of tilled and meadow land, 97,222; woodland, 77,480; tons of hay per year, 30,057 ; bushels of potatoes, 248,256 ; bushels of corn, 117,294; gallons of milk, 2,339,682; pounds of butter, 313,040; cheese, 5584; dozens of eggs, 846,624; value of annual farm products, $1,554,456. In the manu- facture of cotton goods there are 50 establishments and 19,273 persons employed; wages paid, $5,154,331; capital invested, $29,368,558 ; stock used, $11,599,735; value of product, $21,412,623. In cotton and woolen goods, 4 establishments and 21 persons employed; wages paid, $58,332; capital invested, $3,966,385; stock used, $2,637,708 ; value of products, $5,600,000. lu metals and metallic goods, 224 establishments; persons employed, 5849; wages paid, $2,478,318; cap- ital invested, .$5,070,921 ; stock used, $4,252,932 ; value of product, $8,621,697. Machines and machinery, 31 establishments, 1419 persons employed; wages paid, $686,150 ; capital invested, $1,232,625 ; stock, $891,907 ; value of product, $1,756,509. In lumber, 45 establish- ments, 158 persons employed; wages paid, $39,100; capital, $147,200; stock, $71,037; value of product, $158,480. In 9 brick, etc., manufactories, 119 per- sons employed ; wages paid, $28,274; capital invested, $105,100; stock, $14,095 ; value of product, $60,930. Carriages and wagons, 57 establishments, 133 per- sons employed ; wages paid, $106,164; capital, $184,- 750 ; stock used, $135,516 ; value of products, .$323,151. Food preparations, 68 establishments; persons em- ployed, 885 ; wages paid, $144,935 ; capital, $475,200 ; stock used, $1,715,215; value of product, $2,143,612. Printing and publishing, 22 establishments, 213 per- sons employed; wages paid, $95,446; capital, $172,- 400 ; stock used, $107,616 ; value of product, .$274,300. CHAPTER II. INDIAN HISTORY.i That distinguished chieftain, the great and good Massasoit, resided at Pokanoket, that subsequently became the township of Bristol, now in the State of Rhode Island, but which until 1747 formed a part of Bristol County, Mass., wherein it was the shire or county town for the term of some sixty-two years. What therefore at the landing of the Pilgrims in 1620 was the seat of empire to the Indians throughout the widely extended domains of Massasoit became the 1 By Gel). E. W. Peiice. chief seat of justice to those European settlements in- corporated in 1685 as the county of Bristol. Although Bristol County was not formed or incor- porated until some fifteen years after the death of Massasoit, English settlements had been commenced within what subsequently became its limits nearly or quite twenty-five years before his decease, and he lived to see two of these, viz., Taunton and Rehoboth, incorporated as towns. Wamsutta, as chief ruler of the Indians, succeeded his father, Massasoit, at the death of the latter in or about the year 1662, and the brief reign of Wamsutta ending within one year from its commencement, he was in turn succeeded by his younger brother Pometacom, commonly known as King Philip, whose reign continued about fourteen years, during which time two other English settle- ments, viz., Dartmouth and Swansea, were incorpor- ated as towns. The first or earliest communication of white men with the Indian inhabitants of that section of country, subsequently incorporated as the county of Bristol, probably occurred in the month of May, 1619, when Capt. Dermer came in a vessel to Patuxet, now Plymouth, where, from the assistance rendered him by an Indian named Squanto, he was enabled to- communicate with the Indian chieftain Massasoit, whose principal place of residence was then, as after- wards, at Pokanoket, or Mount Hope. Capt. Dermer, in a letter dated Dec. 27, 1619, thus described the event: " I traveled along a day's jour- ney to a place called Nammastaquet, where, finding inhabitants, I dispatched a messenger a day's journey farther west to Pocanokit, which bordereth on the sea, whence came to see me two kings, attended with a guard of fifty armed men, wdio, being well satisfied with that my savage and I discoursed unto them, gave me content in whatever I demanded, where I found that former relations were true. Here I re- deemed a Frenchman." The Nammastaquet here named was doubtless Nemasket, now Middleborough, and the two kings who met Capt. Dermer were prob- ably Massasoit and his l)rother Quadequina. The first visit of white men to the locality, now Bristol County, probably occurred in June or July, 1621, when Massasoit, at his home in Pokanoket, was sought out and visited by Edward Winslow and Ste- phen Hopkins, accompanied by the Indian Squanto, who acted as their interiireter. During the lifetime and reign of Massasoit his sub-chiefs appear to have been called or ranked as captains, though sometimes sachems, among whom was Caunbitant, whose resi- dence was at a place then called Mettapoiset, now known as Gardner's Neck, in Swansea ; and at the visit Mr. Winslow made to Massasoit, in March, 1623, on coming to the ferry, in Caunbitant's country, was informed that Massasoit was dead, which caused the Governor and his attendants to feel considerable un- easiness, lest Caunbitant, who had been one of Mas- sasoit's most renowned captains, should become his immediate successor as chief sachem or king. This INDIAN HISTORY. uneasiness and fear arising from the fact that not long before Caunbitant, being at Nemasket, com- menced a murderous attack upon the Indian Squanto, who appears to have barely escaped death at his hands ; and the Plymouthians had lost no time in send- ing out fourteen soldiers, under Capt. Miles Standish, which force so harassed Caunbitant that he, in Sep- tember, 1621, liad felt compelled to go to Plymouth and submit to certain demands, and signing at the same time a treaty of amity and peace. The English still considered Caunbitant as being, at heart, their enemy, and that he was only waiting a convenient opportunity to make it known ; and the Governor and his attendants feared that convenient opportunity had now arrived. Said Mr. Winslow, concerning Caunbitant, " Although he were but a hollow-hearted friend toward us, I thought no time so fit as this to enter into more friendly terms with him and the rest of the sachems thereabout; hoping, through the blessing of God, it would be a means in that unsettled state to settle their atfections towards us; and though it were somewhat dangerous in re- spect of our jjersonal safety, because myself and Hobbamock had been employed upon a service against him, which he might fitly revenge, yet esteem- ing it the best means, leaving the event to God in his mercy, I resolved to put it in practice if Master Hamden and Hobbamock durst attempt it with me, whom I found willing to that or any other course that might tend to the general good. So we went towards Mattapuyst, and went to the sachem's comaco, for so they called the sachem's place, though they call an ordinary house wites ; but Caunbitant, the sachem, was not at home, but at Puckanokick, wliich was some five or six miles off. The squa-sachem, for so they call the sachem's wife, gave us friendly entertainment. Here we inquired again concerning Massasowat ; they thought him dead, but knew no certainty. Where- upon I hired one to go with all expedition to Puck- anockit, that we might know the certainty thereof, and withal to acquaint Conbatant witli our there being. About half an hour before the sun setting the messenger returned and told us that he was not dead." Wheu Mr. Winslow and his friends were returning from Pokanoket, at the earnest request of Caunbitant, who accompanied them, they stopped and stayed one night at his house, in what is now Swansea ; and Mr. Winslow informs that they never received better entertainment from any Indians than they then had from Caunbitant. What became of Caunbitant is unknown. That section of country now Little Comp- ton was formerly known as Seaconnet, or Seconet, and here the Indians for a time were under the direction of a woman named Awashuncks, who was usually known as the squaw-sachem of Seaconnet. She was wife of an Indian named Tolony, and she was mother of a son named William Mommynewit, who, being sent to school, learned the Latin language, and was intended for college, but prevented, being seized with the palsy. She had another and older son named Peter. Awashuncks first came prominently into no- tice in 1671, when the colony of Plymouth planned a warlike expedition against her, proposihg to send a force of one hundred and two men, that were to as- semble for that purpose at or near what is now Asso- net Four Corners, in Freetown, on the 8th day of August, 1671 ; but the war was prevented by articles of agreement signed by her July 24, 1671. She comes again ])rominently into notice in the spring of 1675, when King Philip sent messengers to engage her and her people to unite with him in the great and bloody conflict, still known as "King Philip's war." Those messengers consisted of six Pokanoket Indians, who, having their faces painted and hair so cut as to represent a cock's comb, with powder-horns and shot-bags, made an imposing ap- pearance, and influenced Awashuncks so as to induce her to call the principal of her people together to a great dance. Capt. Church, the soon after renowned Indian hunter, had then recently settled in her neigh- borhood, and, singularly enough, Church was among the guests bidden to the dance. Taking with him an interpreter, Church repaired to the place, where he said that he found hundreds of Indians, and Awa- shuncks, in a foaming sweat, leading the dance. Church's arrival being announced to her, she stopped short, sat down, called her chief men into her presence, and then called Church, to whom she communicated a message that she had received from King Philip. Church advised her not to accede to his request; whereupon she called in the six Pokanoket Indians. Church then told Awashuncks that if Philip was re- solved on war her best way would be to kill the six Pokanoket Indians and place herself under the pro- tection of the English. At this advice the Pokano- kets became silent, but two of Awashuncks' men that had recently been to Mount Hope, and were very favorably inclined to the proposed measures of King Philip, expressed themselves with great indignation at the rash advice of Church, and one of Awashuncks' council, called " Little Eyes," was so enraged that he would have put Church to death had he not been prevented. Awashuncks agreed to join herself and people with the English, instead of the Indians, placing herself under the protection of the former. She sent two of her men to guard Church back to his house, and desired him to go to Plymouth and com- municate her decision, which he did on the 7th of June, 1675 ; and had the Plymouth colony govern- ment taken immediate measures to protect Awa- shuncks, doubtless she, and at least most of her people, in the war that immediately ensued, would have joined with the English instead of the Indians; but neglecting to communicate with Awashuncks, she was soon after compelled to join with Philip, and thus continued to act for nearly a year. About the middle of May, 1676, Capt. Church HISTORY OF BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. found means to communicate with Awaslnincks, who agreed to .serve the English during the remainder of the war. Quite a number of her warriors then en- tered the service under Capt. Church, and she, witli the non-combatants of her tribe, were, for the time being, ordered to take up their residence in the town of Sandwich. Peter, a son of Awashuncks, was her chief captain in King Philip's war, and when, in 1676, Awashuncks re-engaged herself to the English, Peter, her son and chief captain, addressing Mr. Church, said, "Sir, if you will please accept of me and my men, and will head us, we will fight for you, and will help you to Philip's head before the Indian corn be ripe." Tliese peace measures saved the Se- conet Indians from total destruction, so that some twenty-five years later one hundred men of the Se- conet tribe were still alive, and the General Court of Massachusetts appointed an Indian, named Num- paus, to be their captain. He lived to be an old man, and died in or about the year 1748. Not i;»r from the year 1700 they erected a meeting-house, in wbichthe Rev. Mr. Billings preached to them one Sunday in each month, and besides which they enjoyed the ministrations of an Indian preacher named John Simon. A large part of the remnant of the tribe were swept away by a fever that prevailed in or about the year 1750, and at the beginning of the present century not more than ten families remained. Tlie Indian Seconet, afterwards a part of the town- ship of Little Compton, formed a part of Bristol County until 1747, when it was set off, and has since been in the government of Rhode Island. Adjacent to the Seconet tribe were the Pocasset Indians, their former home being in what afterwards became the township of Tiverton, that until 1747 was in Bristol County, but then set off to Rhode Island. The Pocasset Indians were probably more numerous and powerful than those at Seconet, and were the subjects of a squaw-sachem named Weetamoo, who had formerly been the wife of Wamsutta, older brother of King Philip, and sister to Wootonekanuske, King Philip's wife. Thus connected to or with the royal family, one would have supposed that Weetamoo would have been among the first and foremost to have espoused the cause of King Philip, her former hus- band's brother and her sister's husband, but still the evidence is quite conclusive that this was not the case; but, instead, that she demurred, and would have kept herself and those over whom she ruled entirely out of the conflict if she could. Wamsutta, as before remarked, died in 1662, and Weetamoo, thus left a widow at some time before 1675, became the wife of an Indian named Pentonowowett, whom the English called Ben, and Church's history speaks of as Peter Nunuit. Weetamoo, who was sometimes called Nanumpum, and also Tatapanum, became the wife of Wamsutta, oldest son of Massasoit, in or before 1653, and during the brief reign of Wamsutta in 1662, Weetamoo must have been queen of the Wampanoag nation. At the death of Wamsutta in 1662, his brother came to the throne, when Weetamoo as queen was succeeded by her sister Wootonekanuske, two brothers having mar- ried these sisters, and the ex-queen thenceforth is mentioned in history only as "squaw-sachem of Po- casset." At the commencement of King Philip's war (in 1675) the Pocasset Indians were so numerous that Weetamoo's armed men able to go out upon the war- path were supposed to number three hundred, and her lands at Pocasset were deemed to be of great value. She had, as before remarked, in her widow- hood become the wife of an Indian named Petonowo- wett, who could not by King Philip be induced to join with him in the war, but aided the English in that conflict. When Capt. Benjamin Church was on his way toPly- mouth, carrying the message of Awashuncks, squaw- sachem of Seconet, passing through Pocasset, now Tiverton, he met Petonowowett, the husliand of Wee- tamoo, who had just come to shore from Mount Hope, and unreservedly told Church that there certainly would be war, that King Philip had held a war-dance and entertained young Indian warriors from all parts of the country, and had promised them that they might on the next Sunday, when the English had gone to meeting, plunder their houses and kill their cattle. Petonowowett invited Church to visit his wife Wee- tamoo in their camp on a hill not far distant, and near what is now known as Howland Ferry bridge. Church accepted the invitation, and repaired to the Indian camp, where he found Weetamoo in a melan- choly mood, her warriors liaving left her and gone to Philip's war-dance, which act of theirs, she declared, was much against her will. Circumstances are said to make men, and why may not circumstances control women ? Weetamoo evi- dently preferred peace, and could she liave controlled her warriors, although she could not have had peace, she could, doubtless, by joining with the English, have saved herself and them from the almost total anni- hilation which now awaited them ; but, as a choice of evils, doubtless she accepted that she was least able to resist by joining herself and her fortunes w-ith King Philip, although this act forever separated her from her husband, who adhered to and assisted the Eng- lish in the war just then commencing, and for his services therein was by his employers appointed to take charge of those Indians that after the war were permitted to reside between Sipecan and Dartmouth. And thus it was that in people's minds she came to be chargeable "next unto Philip in respect of the mis- chief done." After separating from Petonowowett Weetamoo be- came the wife of Quinapin, an Indian of the Narra- gansett tribe, second in command in the great swamp fight, in what is now Kingston, R. I., Dee. 19, 1675. Quinapin was captured in 1676, taken to Newport, INDIAN HISTORY. E. I., and shot, and Weetamoo, the wife, fled to the Niantic country, or what is now Westerly, R. I., where, being pursued, she returned to Mettnpoisett, now Gardiner's Necl^, in Swansea, wliere she was be- trayed by a deserter from her camp, and a force from Taunton was thus enabled to capture all her followers ; but Weetamoo, with a resolution equal to the dis- tressing circumstances, attempted to escape upon a hastily-constructed raft of broken pieces of wood that perished or sunk under her, when, as the last des- perate resort, she doubtless attempted to swim, as her naked corjjse drifted ashore, and was soon after found on the beach of Gardiner's Neck, in Swansea. That greatest and most bloody of New England conflicts, although waged in several different colo- nies, had its commencement and ending within the limits of what became Bristol County, Mass. On Sunday, the 20th of June, 1675, open hostilities were commenced by the Indians in the town of Swansea by plundering the houses of English inhab- itants while the latter were absent at meeting. On that day seven or eight of King Philip's Indians went to the house of an inhabitant of Swansea, whom they found at home, and requested the privilege to grind a hatchet, which was objected to on the part of the Englishman, who told the Indians that it was the Sabbath, and God would be very angry if he per- mitted them to grind the hatchet that day, to which they are said to have returned the answer that they knew not who his God was, and that they would grind the hatchet for all him or his God either. The same day these Indians meeting an Englishman upon the road told him to do no work on his God's day, and that he should tell no lies, and then suffered him quietly to pass on. Four days later, as the English were returning from religious worship, they were fired upon by the Indians, killing one and wounding two others, and two men sent for a surgeon were overtaken by the Indians and slain. Two men in another part of Swansea were that day slain by the Indians and scalped, and thus upon the 24th of June, 1(575, were five of the English inhabitants of Swansea killed outright and two wounded^ and an Englishman slain at what is now Falls River. The first succor that the English at Swansea received was from a company of seventeen mounted men from Bridgewater, who left their homes on the 21st of June and arrived at a fortified house at Mettapoisett, now Gardiner's Neck, in Swansea, the next day. These Bridgewater troops were quartered at the house of a man named Bourne, where were also col- lected seventy of the English people, viz., sixteen men and fifty-four women and children, whom they defended till reinforced, when the house was aban- doned, and the non-combatants for greater safety were transported to the island of Rliode Island. Great was the ,alarm throughout the several colonies, and on the 26tli of June several companiesof soldiers left Boston for the seat of war, where they arrived a little before night on tlie 28th. Plymouth Colony troops had been ordered to ren- dezvous at Taunton preparatory to uniting with those from Boston, where, although so far from the chief seat of war, they were severely harassed by the In- dians, and Lieut. John Freeman, in a letter dated at Taunton, said, "This morning three of our men are slain close by one of our courts of guard, houses are burned in our sight, our men are pic^ked off at every bush. The design of the enemy is not to face the army, but to fall on us as they have advantage." Among the houses that Lieut. Freeman said were burned in their sight at Taunton was probably that of John Tisdale, th.at the Indians destroyed by fire June 27, 1675, also slaying Tisdale and taking his gun, that was retaken at Rehoboth, Aug. 1, 1675, being found with the body of an Indian there slain. The forces assembled at Swansea consisted of a com- pany of infantry under Capt. Daniel Henchman, and a company of h.astily collected volunteers, one hun- dred and ten in number, under Capt. Samuel Moseley, and a company of mounted men under Capt. Thomas Prentice. These three companies being furnished by the colony of Massachusetts Bay, added to wliich was a company from Plymouth Colony under Capt. James Cudworth, of Scituate. The house of the Rev. John Myles, a Baptist clergy- man, that stood near a bridge in what is now called Barneyville, was so strengthened as to resist attack, and here the combined forces of Massachusetts and Plymouth Colonies were assembled and placed under the command of the ranking ofiicer, Capt. James Cud- worth, who for the time being became commander- in-chief. Flushed with their successes thus far the Indians became encouraged, and seemed to lurk almost every- where, shooting at all passengers, and killing many who ventured abroad, venturing so near the gar- risoned house as to shoot down two of the sentinels. A detachment of the cavalry of Capt. Prentice, under the command of Quartermasters Gill and Belcher, accompanied by Benjamin Church, was sent forward, but were no sooner over Myle's Bridge than fired npon from an ambuscade, when William Ham- mond the pilot, who was probably a resident of Swansea, was killed. Belcher's horse shot under him, and both himself and Mr. Gill wounded, which so surprised and terrified the troopers that they became panic-stricken, wheeled their horses, and fled in the utmost disorder, regardless alike of the threats and entreaties of their ofl5cers, and but for Gill and Church the dead body of Hammond would have been left in the possession of the enemy. June 29, 1675. The Indians appeared boldly in view, and by their shouts and yells seeme Hon. W. W. Crape, ex-Attorney-General Geo. Marston, Hon. E. L. Barney, Thomas M. Stetson, Hon. Lincoln F. Brigliani, Charles W. Clifford, Esq., aiid Rev. S. Hopkins Emery. of interest ; and hence the best and surest security that even the press, the school, or the pulpit can find for the peaceful performance of its highest functions is when protected by and intrenched behind the bul- warks of law, administered by a pure, independent, and uncorrupted judiciary. The Bristol County bar has from its beginning numbered among its members able jurists, tal- ented advocates, and safe counselors. Here many have lived, flourished, and died, while others still are upon the stage of action who have been promi- nent in the advancement of the interests of the county and figured conspicuously in the councils of the State. New Bedford. — One of the earliest members of the Bristol bar, and a leading lawyer of his day in the State, was Timothy Gardner Coffin, who was born in Nantucket in 1790 of humble Quaker parentage. He early developed a remarkable degree of intelligence, brightness, and activity of mind. He was educated at Brown University, studied law in the office of Kilburn Whitman in Plymouth County, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1811. He opened an office in New Bedford, and very quickly became a leading lawyer in the county of Bristol, and in the counties of Nantucket, Dukes, Barnstable, and Plymouth, and for more than forty years was engaged in almost every case of importance before the courts of these counties. His contemporaries were Marcus Morton, of Taun- ton, William Baylies, of Bridgewater, L. Eddy, of Middleborough, Charles Holmes, of Rochester, and N. Marston, of Barnstable, all of whom were eminent and skillful lawyers, and Mr. Coffin was an equal of either of them. He was very quick to observe the weakness of his opponent's cause and to present his client's best points. At times he was eloquent. He was a very sharp cross-examiner of witnesses, and few witnesses could evade his keenness. He was very ready at repartee, and quick to answer every inquiry of counsel or court, and his arguments were difficult to answer. He was married to Betsey, daughter of the Hon. John Avery Parker, of New Bedford, a leading mer- chant of that city, and at his death the richest man in New Bedford. Mr. Coffin never held office of any particular con- sequence, but confined his attention, time, and skill to his profession, and at his death, September, 1854, he was without question the ablest lawyer in South- ern Massachusetts. It is said that Daniel Welister, after a hard-fought case at Nantucket, in which Mr. Coffin was engaged against Mr. Webster, speaking afterwards about the case, and in answer to a ques- tion, " Who is Tim Coffin?" said, "He is the ablest lawyer in the United States. He is one I should prefer not to meet of all others I know of." It is said that he once, after a very able argument before the Supreme Court, in answer to the inquiry of the court (Chief Justice Shaw), "If he had any an- BENCH AND BAK. 9 thority to cite to the court to sustain his view and legal points?" replied, "No, your honor, that is for the court to be responsible for its decision. I should prefer not to." He was a very generous and liberal man, witli a very kind heart. He was very strong in his likes and dislikes, so that he was a most ardent friend and a very disagreeable enemy. His body lies in the South Cemetery, New Bedford, and where a fine monument was erected to his memory by his children. John S. Kussell was born in New Bedford in 1797, and was the son of Charles Russell and Martha Tillinghast. He studied law in the office of Lemuel Williams, at New Bedford. After his admission to the bar he practiced law in Taunton. He afterwards moved to New Bedford, opened a law-office, and con- tinued in practice until his death in 1S34. He was a well-read lawyer and well grounded in the principles of his profession. He was a Quaker. He acquired the reputation of being an honest lawyer ; by that I suppose he was slow to advise men to go to law, acting out his religious convictions as well as his profes- sional observation. To this day, nearly fifty years since his deatli, whenever spoken of he is mentioned as one that maintained the honor of his professional life. He died in 1834, much esteemed and regarded by his neighbors and fellow-townsmen. LemueTj Williams was a lawyer who practiced in New Bedford some fifty years ago. He was at that time one of the leaders of the bar. He was at one time collector of customs in New Bedford, but many years ago he removed from New Bedford to Worces- ter, and so much of his professional life was spent out of the county, we have not thought it proper to say more about him, as he more properly belongs to Worcester County than to Bristol. Charles H. Wareen was also one of the early lawyers in New Bedford. He occupied a very hon- orable position, was an able advocate, was for several years district attorney before 1836, afterwards was made judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and was an upright and faithful judge. After he returned from the bench he was made president of the Boston and Providence Eailroad, which oflice he held until his death. Ezra Bassett was born in Rochester, in the com- monwealth of Massachusetts. His parents were poor people. He studied law with his brother, Ansleni Bassett, Esq., at Taunton, and commenced the prac- tice of the law in Taunton. He also for a short time had an office in Attleborough. In 1884 he came to New Bedford, and there remained, having a consider- able share of the law business until his death, in De- cember, 1843. He was a good lawyer, had consider- able admiralty practice, and was earnest, energetic, and faithful in his client's interest. He had a large and well-selected law library, perhaps the best law library at the time of any lawyer in New Bedford. He is frequently spoken of by tlie present members of the bar in the city of New Bedford with much respect. There is now only one member of the bar (Judge Prescott) at New Bedford who was practicing law at his death. Hon. H. G. O. Colby' was the son of Rev. Philip and Harriet (Sewall) Colby, born 1807 in Hallowell, Me. His father was born in Sanbornton, N. H., July 30, 1779, and he was the son of Isaac Colby, a farmer of great industry and strong mind, strict integrity, stern common sense. The maiden name of the wife of Isaac Colby was Pliebe Hunt, daughter of Philip Hunt, of Newburyport, Mass., very domestic in her habits, and of a very tender, loving heart. They had nine children. In the year 1800, Philip, the father of Judge Colby, went to Portland, Me., as a merchant's clerk, and afterwards established himself in mercantile pursuits in Hallowell, Me., which he followed for eight years. Six of these years he had been married to his first wife, Miss Harriet Sewall, daughter of Mr. Thomas Sewall, of Vassalborough, Me. They were married the 28th of June, 1804. They had two children. On the 24th of October, 1810, the eldest, a lovely boy of five years, died. "A very remarkable boy," writes Miss Caroline, a daughter of Judge Colby; " his name Hamilton Van Renssalaer." In February of the following year, the 28th, 1811, the mother also died. "A woman of very fine and most lovely char- acter," writes again Miss Caroline, adding, " these, tlie mother and the son, are buried side by side at Augusta, Me." This was the beginning of the Christian life of the father of Judge Colby. He joined himself to the church of Rev. Mr. Gillett, Hallowell, with his wife in her sick-room, and dedicated not only himself but his family to the Lord. He soon relinquished his secular business, and removing to Salem, Mass., spent nearly four years studying with Rev. Dr. Worcester, of the Tabernacle Church, and secretary of the Amer- ican Board of Missions. This course of study addi- tional to his academic course in Gihnanton, N. H., and supplemented by a large acquaintance with men and things in a long mercantile life, above all, aided and enforced by the teaching which comes from above, well furnished him for a successful and most useful pastorate with the church in North Middle- borough, Mass., continuing from the summer of 1817 to the time of his death, Feb. 27, 1851, thirty-four years. Harrison Gray Otis Colby, the subject of our present notice, was the only surviving child of the first marriage of the minister. He gave promise even in his boyhood of future eminence. So schol- arly was he that his mother's brotlier, the eminent Dr. Sewall, of Washington, took charge of his educa- tion and saw him through college. After completing his study of law he was admitted to the Bristol County bar, taking up his residence in 1 By Rev. S. ITopUiiis Emery, of Tunntoii. 10 HISTORY OF BEISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Taunton. Subsequently he reaioved to New Bedford, having married his wife there, a daughter of John Avery Parker, Esq. Mr. Colby easily took rank among the foremost of the lawyers of the commonwealth. It was no surprise when he was promoted from the bar to the bench. He was of a tall, commanding figure, resembling in this respect his father, and, like this father, he was dignified, courteous, "every inch a gentleman." His daughter Caroline, in 1S76, writes : " My father died Feb. 22, 1853, and is buried in New Bedford. Four children, three daughters and a son, survived him, the latter being the youngest child, and now an officer in the United States navy. I have the honor and privilege of being the eldest of the family, and my mother has all her daughters with her, except the be- loved sister next to myself, who died ten years since, leaving a daughter, the only grandchild, as none of the others have ever married." I will add, the widow of Judge Colby became the wife of Rev. Dr. Lambert, a distinguished clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Charlestown, Mass. Thomas Dawes ELiOT*was born March 20, 1808, in Boston. His father, William Greenleaf Eliot, was of a Boston family, though a resident of Washington for the latter part of his life. His mother's family for many generations were also of Boston. He was named for his grandfather, Judge Thomas Dawes, of the Supreme Jmlicial Court, whose father was Col. Thomas Dawes, of the Boston Committee of Safety in the Revolutionary period. Mr. Eliot married in 1834, Frances L. Brock, of Nantucket. His brother. Dr. William G. Eliot, is chancellor of the Washing- ton University, at St. Louis, and has been long known as a distinguished Unitarian clergyman in that city. His youngest brother, Capt. Frank A. Eliot, of Phila- delphia, was killed at the battle of Chancellorsville in 1863. Mr. Eliot was graduated in 1825 from Columbia College, in the District of Columbia, and delivered the Latin salutatory address. He soon after com- menced his law studies with his uncle. Chief Justice Cranch, of the Circuit Court of the district, and de- voted himself to a profession which never lost its charms to him. About 1830 he went to New Bed- ford, completed his studies with Judge Charles H. Warren, then in full practice, and upon his admission to the bar wa; invited to a partnership by Mr. War- ren. After Mr. Warren went upon the bench, Mr. Eliot's practice became very large, comprising com- mon law causes in Bristol, Plymouth, Barnstable, and the island counties, also an extensive equity busi- ness, and employment in admiralty causes, then be- coming very numerous in Southern Massachusetts. He was for about thirty years a regular attendant at all the jury terms in this part of the State, and in ad- dition to his business as senior counsel, kept up his own office business in all branches except criminal practice. He was a thorough legal scholar as well as practitioner, master both of the great principles of the law and of its development by the decisions of the court, fully equipped and ready in the varying as- pects of a trial by jury, and also in the statelier and more scientific debates in banc. Among the causes which attracted public attention in which he was engaged we note the great litigation between the two divisions of the denomination of Friends, where the title to the Quaker meeting-houses ! in Massachusetts and Rhode Island was at risk, and in which the usages and faiths of the respective sects underwent legal investigation ; also the contests in this county, where he maintained the chartered powers of the Massachusetts Medical Society on issues raised by physicians of the homceopathic school. We note also a private suit, but which from its novelty and magnitude drew general professional and public at- tention, as the result depended upon the execution, force, and effect of mutual wills. This was the suit of Hetty H. Robinson vs. Thomas Mundell, involving an estate of three millions. The subject of marine insurance was of great and growing importance during his practice. The whaling fleet of New Bed- ford alone contained about four hundred vessels, and we find his name in the reports of nearly all the causes which grew out of the losses of this great fleet, and the curious peculiarities of whaling-ships and whaling. His tastes were so professional that he twice declined an appointment to the bench. He had no desire for oflice-holding as such, and after serving in the Massachusetts House of Representa- tives and Senate, as the young lawyers were expected to do, kept aloof from political action for many years, devoting himself to practice in the courts, where his reputation for skill, force, and honorable methods was an enviable one. He was of great industry, close application, and conscientious fidelity to his clients, and never lost their confidence. In 1854 he was invited by the Whigs of the First Congressional District to become their candidate for Congress for an unfinished term. His election fol- lowed, and he took his seat in the Thirty-third Con- gress, in the midst of the intense excitement attendant upon the introduction of the Kansas-Nebraska bill, took part in the debate, and his printed speech was circulated by the Whig party to prove its concurrence with the growing anti-slavery sentiment of the State. The next year the Whig party went down before the Native American organization. Its State ticket and all its members of Congress were defeated, and the party never again appeared in political action. The slavery issues were now engaging political attention. The " Conscience Whigs," so called in Massachusetts, deemed their old party useless for the situation, and sought, with the aid of the Free-Soil organization and practical anti-slavery men of all schools, to organize anew. The result was the Re- publican party. Mr. Eliot was greatly interested in \^ BENCH AND BAR. 11 its formation. He organized the first meeting of the new party in this county. He was unanimously nominated as its candidate for attorney-general of the commonwealth, but declined the nomination, and later presided at its State Convention. After he had been absent from Congress for two congressional terms, the First District again elected him by an immense majority. From this re-election he con- tinued in Congress without opposition till his refusal of further service in 1S60. He was early identified in Congress with the anti-slavery spirit of the North. In 1854 he made the first effort for repeal of the Fugitive Slave Law by offering a bill for that pur- pose. In the session of 1861-62 he urged the adop- tion of views by the government that should enforce its loftiest authority, and his speeches and debates show how little he regarded all forms and traditions which stood in the way of the safety of the people, which is the suprema lex. He insisted that the pro- tection of the endangered national life justified the strongest measures. He ridiculed the idea of war upon peace principles, and the notion then prevalent of protecting rebels in their slave property when those slaves were wanted for the national defense. In this session he introduced a resolution declaring the right and duty of military commanders to emancipate the slaves of rebels, and supported it by a speech. In 1862, as chairman of the Select Committee on C(m- fiscation, he reported two bills, one for the confiscation of rebel property and one for the emancipation of slaves of rebels. The former was passed, but the latter passed the House only. In 1864 he was chair- man of the Committee on Emancipation, and reported and advocated the bill establishing a Bureau of Freed- men's Afl'airs, which became a law. It was in the conce])tion, formation, and passage of this bill, and in his watchful care of the interests of the bureau when organized, that he performed a service which p' es his name not only among far-seeing statesmen, D mong the wisest and best philanthropists. It is o^ f the enduring honors of the nation's statute- id.. \ high-water mark of the humanities of civil- ,ze4 'islation. It was vetoed by President Johnson, and) ' only carried over his veto by the unflagging zeal i 1 devotion of Mr. Eliot. He as the author of the Coolie Bill, and its pas- sage was due to his efforts. The system of importa- tion of Chinese coolies bound by labor contracts was leading to a system hardly less abominable and degrad- ing than actual slavery. Under his lead the Thirty- seventh Congress enacted a stringent law prohibiting American vessels from engaging in this trade, a result deemed by the anti-slavery sentiment of EngUirid and America as second only to the abolition of the African slave trade. At the end of the war Mr. Eliot desired to leave Congress, but the urgent call of the district prevented, and he remained in failing liealth till 1869, and then absolutely declined a renomination after a service of eleven years. He then hoped to resume practice at the bar, but increasing illness prevented. His death occurred June 14, 1870. Eminent as he was in forensic and parliamentary debate, he was not less so in conscientious fidelity to duty, for unselfish patriotism and his noble advocacy of human rights. He had the well-won esteem of the bar and bench. In public life, too, he was com- pletely trusted by his associates and respected by his political opponents. His position was never doubtful ; he felt it the duty of statesmen to try to lead the people where they should go, and was willing to take the risks of such a course. An anecdote may be in place here showing how the astute head and kindly heart of President Lincoln recognized the same qualities in Mr. Eliot. A citizen of Massachusetts of good character was indicted for embezzlement from a post-ofiice. The trial was a difiicult one upon evidence mainly cir- cumstantial, and the result a conviction and heavy sentence. An application for pardon was made to the Presi- dent by the neighbors of the defendant, who had long known him and could not believe him guilty. Mr. Lincoln referred the topic to the Law Depart- ment, and this led to an adverse and positive report from the United States attorney who had tried the case. Mr. Lincoln was not satisfied. He had ac- quired doubts of the propriety of the conviction, partly from his own examination of the case and partly from the zeal of the prosecuting oflicer, which he said was praiseworthy but might be too partisan. At last he wrote upon the papers " referred to Hon. T. D. Eliot. — Abraham Lincoln." Mr. Eliot made a careful investigation, was convinced that the verdict was wrong, and so reported to the President. A pardon followed with a promptness that sur- prised and rather provoked the prosecuting oflicers. When Mr. Eliot next met Mr. Lincoln the latter ad- vanced with both hands extended and face full of sat- isfaction, " Well, Eliot," said he, " we've got our man clear." We close this sketch of Mr. Eliot by an extract from the New Bedford Mercury, written at the time of his death : "Mr. Eliot was pure-minded, kind-hearted, of ster- ling integrity, and of a most catholic spirit. In our unreserved intercourse with him, we can recall no instance in which he indulged in any unkind, un- charitable, or disparaging remarks about even those who had maligned him. He spoke no ill of his neighbor, but evinced a spirit of charity as beautiful as it is rare. " He was a deeply religious man, always ready with good words, and as ready with good works. Of his labors in the Sunday-school of the Unitarian Church, where for years he was .superintendent, many of our readers have grateful recollections. His heart was in the work, and he deeply regretted the necessity of its 12 HISTORY OF BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. relinquishment. Thousands will call to mind his in- valuable services as president of the National Con- ference of Unitarian Churches and also of the Amer- ican Unitarian Association, his admirable tact in the chair, his hearty zeal and enthusiasm, and his earnest and successful exertions for fraternal union. He was a generous man, prompt to give to every good object, and foremost in his contributions of money or of labor to sustain all benevolent enterprises. Better than any triumph at the bar or the highest honors won in po- litical life is the simple record of his unselfish Christian life. He rests from his labors, and his works do follow him." John Ham Williams Page' was born at Gilman- ton, N. H., and was graduated at Harvard College in the class of 1826. In September of that year he took charge of Friends' Academy at New Bedford, where he continued until the spring of 1829, when impaired health compelled him to resign that position. After a brief season of rest he commenced the study of the law, and was for a time at the Dane Law School in Cambridge. He was admitted to the bar in June, 1832, and at once oj)ened an office at New Bedford, where he soon acquired a remunerative practice. His vigorous mind and capacity and method of applica- tion had mastered the principles of legal science, and his quickness of apprehension and practical industry soon made him familiar with the details of business. His vigor, earnestness, and evident ability attracted and retained clients, who never had occasion to regret their selection of counsel. If he excelled in any one branch of professional service more than another it was in the application of the law to the affairs of active business. He had grown into ripeness of experience and preparation when the disturbed condition of prac- tical affairs, before and in the year 1837, before there was any insolvent law or bankrupt law, furnished abundant occupation for bright, energetic, and capa- ble lawyers. Mr. Page had at this time a large client- age, and no one was more faithful and indefatigable than he was in his employment. He maintained a leading position at the bar of Bristol County, prac- ticing also in the counties of Plymouth, Barnstable, Nantucket, and Dukes County, until he removed to Boston to assume the duties of treasurer of the Law- rence machine-shop, a large manufacturing establish- ment, in which place he continued for many years. Before this he was a member of the House of Rep- resentatives, and was chairman of the Railroad Com- mittee. During his service there a charter was granted for a railroad from Middleborough to Sand- wich, as the Cape Cod Branch Railroad, in which Mr. Page took a strong interest, and a few years later he was chosen president of that railroad corporation, and remained as such until his death. He supervised the financial affairs of the railroad company during the extension of the road from Sandwich to Hyannis, ^ By Hon. George Marston. and assisted largely to maintain its credit and make it finally successful. He was vigilant to understand all the details of the affairs of the company, and was thoroughly informed in railroad management. He took a deep and practical interest in agriculture, and was for a number of years the president of the Bristol County Agricultural Society, which was never more successful than while under his efficient manage- ment. While Mr. Page showed great capability in all the various matters witii which he was concerned, in none was he more conspicuous than as a lawyer. It was an evident mistake that he left a profession the duties of which he was so well suited to fill and adorn to enter quite late in life upon the more uncertain field of business, and in which he was not wholly successful. Mr. Page was an excellent scholar as well as lawyer, and his social qualities endeared him closely to those who knew him best and understood liini best. John Heney Clifford,^ the sixth of thirteen children of Benjamin and Achsah (Wade) Clifford, was born in Providence, R. I., on the 16th of January, 1809, and graduated at Brown University in 1827. He was admitted to the bar of Bristol County in 1830, after completing his course in tlie study of law, under the direction of Hon. Timothy G. Coffin, at New Bedford, and of Hon. Theron Metcalf, after- wards one of the judges of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts at Dedham, Norfolk Co., Mass. On the 16th of January, 1832, lie married Sarah Parker Allen, daughter of William Harland and Ruth (Parker) Allen, the latter a daughter of Hon. John Avery and Averie (Standish) Parker, who was a descendant in the sixth generation from Capt. Miles Standish. He practiced law in New Bedford from the time of his admission to the bar to the day of his death, at first, for a brief period, as tlie partner of Hon. Timo- thy G. Coffin, subsequently, for nearly ten years, as the partner of Harrison G. 0. Colby, Esq., his class- mate in college. From 184.5 to 1853 his student of law, Lincoln F. Brigham, now chief justice of the Superior Court of Massachusetts, was his junior partner, and after 1853 he had no partner in the practice of law. His first appearance in public life was in 18.35, when he was a representative of New Bedford in the Legislature of Massachusetts. It was the year of the revision of the statutes of the commonwealth, and he did good and faithful service on the large committee which had that subject in charge. In 1836 he be- came one of the aides-de-camp of Governor Everett, and retained that position until, by a single vote out of a hundred thousand votes, Mr. Everett's chief magistracy was brought to a close in 1840. Before Mr. Everett went out of office, however, in 1839, he had conferred upon Col. Cliflbrd, in - By Hon. L. F. Brigham. BENCH AND BAR. 13 whom he had the highest confidence, the appoint- ment'of district attorney for the Southern District of Massachusetts, an office in which lie served the com- monwealth assiduously and successfully for nearly ten years. Meantime, in 1845, the county of Bristol had elected him a member of the Senate of Massa- chusetts, where he gave renewed evidence of his ability and accomplishments as a debater and a legis- lator. In 1849 he entered upon the duties of an office which was to be the field of his longest and most distinguished public service. In that year he re- ceived from Governor Briggs the appointment of attorney-general of the State. Early in the following year it fell to his lot to con- duct a memorable trial, with which his name will be always most prominently and honorably associated. No trial in the history of our country for many gen- erations, if ever, has excited a deeper interest or challenged a more anxious and critical attention than that of Professor John W. Webster for the murder of Dr. George Parkman. In BlackwootVs Mayazine for June, 1850, in an article on " Modern State Trials," being one of a series of articles from the pen of the eminent bar- rister, Sauuiel Warren, the author of " Diary of a Physician" and of " Ten Thousand a Year," occurs the following passage: "It was our intention to have included in this paper a sketch of a great American trial for murder, that of the late Professor Webster for the murder of Dr. Parkman, a fearful occurrence, a black and dismal tragedy from beginning to end, exhibiting most remarkable indications, as it appears to us, of the overruling Providence which sometimes sees fit to allow its agency in human afiairs to become visible to us. All we shall at present say on the subject is that the reply of Mr. Clifford for the prosecution cannot be excelled in close and conclusive reasoning, conveyed in language equally elegant and forcible. Its effect, as a demonstration of the guilt of the ac- cused, is fearful." In the autumn of 1852 a convention of the Whig party of Massachusetts nominated Attorney-General Clifford for Governor of the State. He accepted the nomination with reluctance, and although he re- ceived nearly twenty-five thousand votes more than either of the opposing candidates, he was not elected by the people. On the meeting of the Legislature, liowever, he was chosen by the votes of the two branches, and was inaugurated as Governor of Mas- sachusetts on tlie 14th of January, 1853. In his inaugural address he used the following characteristic words : "Tlie law is our only sovereign. The loyalty which in otlier coun- tries is rendered to tlie mere iicuident of birtli is here due to that invisible but omnipresent power which we have voluntaiily enthroned and established lor our protection and guidance under the majestic name of Law." Governor Clifibrd discharged the duties of the chief magistracy with great fidelity and dignity, and it was only for him to say whether he should remain in the office for a second year. But his interest in his profession determined him to decline a renoraination, and on the election of Governor Emory Washburn as his successor he was at once called on by him to resume his place as attorney-general of the common- wealth. He continued to hold that office — by execu- tive appointment for one year, by legislative election for another, and again for a third by the choice of the people of the State — until 1858. He had thus served the commonwealth as its highest law-officer for a full term of seven years in all, and in that capacity had certainly rendered his best public service and acquired his greatest public distinction. In retiring finally from his position he did not abandon his professional labors, but was frequently to be found in the highest courts of the common- wealth and of the nation in the argument of impor- tant cases. During the terrible civil war which soon afterwards afflicted the country he omitted no efforts in his power to sustain the cause of the Union accord- ing to the convictions of his own conscience. More than once he was summoned to Washington to hold council with cabinet officers in regard to measures in contemplation. At home, too, lie spared neither time nor money in encouraging the soldiers who went out from his own city or county. In 1862 he accepted an election to the State Senate, and was at once chosen president of that body, in that capacity rendering conspicuous service to the commonwealth at the most critical period of the war. In 1868 he was one of the electors at large, and united in giving the vote of Massachusetts to President Grant. In the previous year, however, 1867, he had en- tered upon a line of life which was finally to separate him from further professional or political service, and to confine him to the routine of practical business. Assuming the charge of the Boston and Providence Railroad corporation as its president, he devoted himself to its afiairs with all his accustomed earnest- ness and energy. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was also a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society. But he rendered larger services to Harvard University at Cambridge, of wliicli he was for many years one of the overseers and repeatedly the president of the board, in which capacity it became his duty to officiate at the induc- tion in 1853 of the late Rev. Dr. Walker, and in 1869 of Charles W. Eliot, Esq., as presidents of the uni- versity. He received the degree of LL.D. from Brown University and also from Harvard University. Governor Clifford was also one of the original hoard of trustees of the great education fund established by the munificence of George Peabody, his personal friend, for the impoverished and desolated States of the South. No one was more faithful to that noble 14 HISTORY OF BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. trust, and no one will be more affectionately and gratefully remembered by all who were associated with him in its labors and responsibilities. In the spring of 1873 he was compelled to abandon all occupation and fly to the salubrious airs of Florida. In the spring of 1875 a visit to Europe was recom- mended to him, and he sailed for Liverpool on the 24th of April of that year. Before Governor Clifford embarked for Europe he had declined appointments as United States Minister both to Russia and to Turkey, which had been suc- cessively offered to him by the administration at AVashington. He had, however, previously accepted an appointment as United States Commissioner on the Fisheries under the arbitration treaty with Great Britain, and had always contemplated fulfilling that appointment. But his work was ended, public and private. In- deed, he had hardly reached his home in New Bed- ford, after a brief stay in Boston, where he arrived, and was but just beginning to receive from his old friends and neighbors the tokens of welcome which had awaited him, when a disease of the heart, which had given mysterious indications in former years, was now unmistakably manifested. A very few weeks sufficed to bring it to a crisis, and on the morning of the 2d of January, 187G, he died at New Bedford, in the house in which he had enjoyed for more than forty years the rarest domestic felicity, although from it again and again beloved children, in the most en- dearing stages of their lives, had been taken by the angel of death. His wife, two daughters, and three sons— Charles Warren Clifford, Walter Clifford, both members of the bar of Bristol County, and Dr. Arthur Clifford, since deceased— survived him. The following tribute to Governor Clifford was of- fered by a distinguished statesman of Virginia (the Hon. Alexander H. H. Stuart) when his death was announced at the annual meeting of the Peabody trustees at the White Sulphur Springs, in Virginia, in August, 1876 : "There was a quiet dignity and grace in every movement, and his countenance beamed with intelli- gence and benignity. To a mind of great power he united a heart which throbbed with generous im- pulses, and a happy facility of expression which gave a peculiar charm to his conversation. There was a frankness in his bearing and a genial urbanity about him which at once commended confidence and in- spired good will. Every one who approached him felt attracted by a species of personal magnetism which was irresistible." This biography of John Henry Clifford would be inadequate as a testimonial of his life and career if it did not include a statement of the following public demonstrations in memory of him which upon his death emanated from the political, charitable, literary, commercial, and professional institutions in which he had exercised conspicuous and beneficent functions: Telegram from the State Department of the United States: " WASHINfiTON, .ThII.;*, 18TG. "The announcement of the death of your most excellent fiithi-r is re- ceived with the deepest regret. The country loses a goobb, Jolin Edward. Tannlon. 18—. mi! 1858. (\igswell, fieorge Badger. North Eastou. 1844. Dean, James Brinton. Taunton. i'sH' 18G(i. Di'ane, Asahel Sumner. Taunton. 1873. Ellis, George Livingstone. Taunton, afterwards Middleborough. 1878. 1856. Fobes, Joseph Bassett. Taunton, afterwards Bridgewater. 1868. 1840. Foster, James Wolcott. North Attleborough. 1869. Gage, William Hatliorne. Taunton. 1882. Galligan, Kdwaid Francis. Tannton. 1843. Gardner, Johnson. Seekoiik, afterwards Providence, R. I. 1869. 1882. Gerould, Joseph Bowditch. North Attleborough. 1868. Godding, William W. Taunton. 1877. 1823. Gordon, William. Taunton. i852.' 1882. Golden, Mi. bapl L'harles. Taunton. 1835. Gushee, John Hathaway. Raynham. is—. 1843. Hatch, Joseph H. Attleborough. 1855. 1855. Holnutn, Silas Atherton. Taniit. Presbrey; Censors, « Thaddeus Phelps, J. B. Chace, O. C. Turner. March 10, 1869.— President, Silas D. Presbrey; Vice-President, Obed. C. Turner; Secretary and Treasurer, Cliarles T. Hubbard; Commis- sioner on Trials, N. Paige; Librarian, John E. Cobb; Councilors, J. R. Bronson, H. B. Hubbard, Charles Howe, Joseph Murphy ; Cen- sors, Thaddeus Phelps, J. B. Chace, William G. Allen. March 9, 1870.— President, Silas D. Presbrey; Vice-President, Nomus Paige ; Secretary and Treasurer, Elton J. Bassett ; Commissioner on Trials, J. R. Bronson ; Counciloi-s, Nomus Paige, Joseph Murphy, Amos B. Paun, Henry H. Spioat; Censors, J. B. Chace, Thaddeus Phelps, Charles Howe. March 8, 1871. — President, Nomus Paige; Vice-President, Obed. C. Turner; Secretary and Treasurer, E. J. Bassett; Commissioner on Trials, A. B. Paun; Librarian, H. H. Sproat ; Councilors, S. D. Presbrey, Charles Howe, J. R. Bronson, Joseph Murphy; Censors, W. W. Godding, Benoni Carpenter, S. D. Presbrey. March 13, 1872.— President, William W. Godding; Vice-President, F. L. Burden; Secretary and Treasurer, E. .1. Bassett; Commissioner on Trials, Charles Howe; Lii)rarian, H. H. Sproat; Councilors, J. R. Bronson, Joseph Murphy, Benoni Carpenter, S. D. Presbrey ; Cen- sors, Joseph Murphy, William G. Allen, J. B. Chace. March 12, '[8^^. — President, Benoni Carpenter ; Vice-President, Cliarles Howe; Secretary and Treasurer, E. J. Bassett; Commissioner on Trials, W. W. Goddins; Librarian, J. B. Chace; Councilors, J. R. Bronson, Joseph Murphy, S. D. Piesbrey, Nomus Paige ; Censors, Joseph Murphy, S. D. Presbrey, A. H. Paun. March 12, 1874. — President, Benoni Carpenter; Vice-President, Charles Howe; Secretary and Tre-asurer, E. J. Bassett; Commissioner on Trials, W. W. Godding; Librarian, A. B. Paun; Councilors, J. R. Bronson, Joseph Murphy, S. D. Presbrey, A. S. Dean ; Censors, Joseph Murphy, 8. D. Presbrey, George L. Ellis. April 22, 1875. — President, Charles Howe ; Vice-President. E. J. Bsissett ; Secretary and Treasurer, A. S. Deane ; Commissioner ou Tiials, H. C. Bullard; Librarian, H. H. Sproat; Councilors, J. R. Bronson, S. D. Presbrey, Nomus Paige, .loseph Murphy; Censors, W. W. Goil- ding, G. L. Ellis, N. M. Ransom, S. P. Presbrey, Joseph Murphy. April 20, 1870.— President, W. W. Godding; Vice-President, Nomus Paige; Secretary and Treasurer, A. S. Deane; Commissioner on Trials, J. R. Bronson; Librarian, \. S. Deane; Councilors, J. R. Bronson, Charles Howe, Joseph Murphy, S. D. Presbrey ; Censors, H. C. Bullard, G. L. Ellis, E. J. Bassett, W. G. Allen, S. D. Pres- brey. April 19, 1877. — President, W. W. Godding; Vice-President, Nomus Paige; Secretary, W. S. Robinson ; Treasurer, Charles Howe; Com- missioner on Trials, J. R. Bronson; Librarian, .\. S. Deane; Coun- cilors, J. R. Bronson, Charles Howe, Joseph Mui-pbey, S. D. Pres- brey ; Censors, H. C. Bullard, G. L. Ellis, E. J. Bassett, W. G. Allen, S. D. Presbrey. April 18, lb78. — President, Nomus Paige ; Vice-President, H. C. Bullard ; Secretary, W S. Robinson ; Treasurer, Charles Howe ; Commissioner on Trials, J. R. Bronson; Librarian, N. M. Ransom; Councilors, ,T. 11. Bronson, Charles Howe, Joseph Murphey, S. D. Presbrey; Censors, S. D. Pre.sbrey, H. C. Bullard, G. L. Kills, N. M. Ransom, E.J. Bassett. April 17, 1879.— President, H. C. Bullard ; Vice-President, X. M. Ran- som ; Secretary, W.S.Robinson; Treasurer, Charli.-s Howe; C<>m- missioner on Trials, J. Jlurpby; Librarian, Cliarles Howe; Coun- cilors, J. R. Bronson, N. Paige, S. D. Presbrey; Censors, E. J. Bassett, Charles Howe, S. D. Presbrey, N. Paige, J. P. Brown. April 15, 1880.— President, II. C. Bnllard ; Vice-President, N. M. Ran- som; Secretary, W. S. Robinson; Treasurer, Charles Howe; Com- missioner on Trials, N. Paige ; Libraiiaii, ('liarles Howe; Council- ors, J. R. Bronson, 8. D. Presbrey, .Joseph Murphy ; Censors, E, J. Bassett, S. D. Preslire.v , N. Paige, Charles Howe, J. P. Brown. April 21. 1881. — President, \. M. Ransom ; Vice-President, J. P. Brown ; Secretary, George B. Itichniond ; Treasurer, Charles Howe; Com- missioner (HI Trials, N Pai;;e; Librarian, Charles Howe ; Councilois, J. R. Biunson, S. D. IVesbi-ey, Joseph Murpliy; Censors, Charles Howe, E. J. Bassett, A. W. Wilmarth, W. S. Robinson, J. E. Totten. April 20, 1882. — President, N. M. Ransom; Vice-President, J. P. Brown; Secretary, E. F. Galligan; Treasurer, Charles Howe; Commissioner on Trials, N. Paige ; Librarian, J. B. Gerould ; Councilors, Joseph Murphy, S. D. Presbrey, J. E. Totten, N. Paige; Censors, Charlea Howe, W.S. Robinson, E. J. Bassett, J. E. Totten, A. W. Wilmarth. According to Article V. of the by-laws, adopted June 20, 1849, the meetings of the society were quar- terly, and holden on the third Wednesday.s of June, September, December, and March, the last being the annual meeting, at which meeting all officers were elected. Article IV. provides that " the society shall bold its meetings alternately at East Attleborough and Taunton." But this article w,as amended Sept. 13, 1854, so as to read, "This society shall hold its meet- ings at such places as by vote it shall determine." Sept. 9, 1854, both these articles were again amended, so that there should be but two regular meetings a year, the annual in March, and the semi-annual in September. The last meeting held in Attleborough was on Sept. 10, 1873. Since that time all the meetings have been held in Taunton. At a meeting, Sept. 16, 1875, a new code of by-laws was reported by a special committee which had been appointed to suggest the alterations of the by-laws necessary to make thera conform to those of the parent society. According to Article VII. of that code, which is now in force, " The annual meeting of the society shall be held between the 15th of April and the 15th of May, and, if not otherwise ordered, it shall be on the third Thurs- day of April. If in any year this day should be less than ten days before the annual meeting of the State society, this society shall fix another day by vote, or, if it neglects to do so, a day shall be specified by the president. A stated meeting of the society shall like- wise be held on the third Thursday in September. The secretary shall call a special meeting on the writ- ten application of five members. " Meetings for scientific improvement may be held at such times and places as shall be determined by the society. "All meetings shall be held in Taunton, unless other- wise ordered by vote at a previous stated meeting." A careful perusal of the records will convince one that in the main the members have attended faith- fully to theirduty in " communicating any instructive cases which may have occurred in their pnictice, any useful discovery which may have been made in medi- cine or surgery or the allied sciences, and any invention which may have practical application in the same." As touching upon this point, it is quite interesting to read the accounts of the first tentative applications of the fever thermometer, which has since become the constant companion and trustworthy assistant of the practitioner. We read also with interest the records of the first use of the hypodermic syringe, as reported by a gentleman who was a pioneer in this vicinity in its application to relieve suffering. The record de- scribes the interest of the members in the instrument, 38 HISTORY OF BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. and goes on to speak of the many questions that were asked and answered regarding the method and results of its employment. Numberless instructive cases j have been reported, which have stimulated im- portant discussions. At nearly every meeting an essay has been read upon some subject of interest to the members and importance to the community. Following are the names of active members, Janu- j ary, 1883 : Names. Residences. Offices. Allen, William George ManefielU. Baker. Harry Beechor Uighton. Bassett. Elton James Taunton Censor. Battershall, Joseph Wnrd Attleboroufih. BroDSon, Julin Richardson Attleborough. Brown, John Peasleo.. Tautiton Vice-President. Bullard, Herbert Cutler Attleborough. Burden, Frederick Lysunder.. Attleborough. Cogswell, George Badger North Easton. Deaue, Asahel Sumner Taunton. Foster, James \V(dcott North Attleborough. Gage, William Hatliorno Taunton. Galligan, Edward Francis Taunton Secretary. Gerould, Joseph Bowditch N. Attleborough. ..Librarian. Golden, IMicIiael Charles.. .....Taunton. Howe, Charles. Taunton Censor and treasurer. Hutchinson, Marcello Taunton. Mackie, George Attleborough. Murphy, Joseph Taunton Councilor. Paige, Nomus Tauutou Commissioner of trials and councilor. Presbrey, Silas Dean Taunton Councilor. Randall, George Henry North Rehoboth. RausoDi, Natlmnii-I Morton. ..Taunton President. Richmuiid, George Bnr8ton....Dighton. Robinson, Walt"r Srutt Taunton Censor. Sproat, Henry Hamilton Freetown. Tilden, Frank Elmer North Easton. Totten, John Edmund Attleborough Censor and councilor. Wellingtt>n, .lames Lloyd Swansea. Wilmartli, Alfred Warren Taunton Censor. Wood. Alfred Taunlon. Bristol South District Medical Society.— At a meeting of the councilors of the Massachusetts Medical Society, held at Boston April 3, 1839, the charter of the society was granted, as appears hy the following extract from the records : "To ,\LEx.\XDK!i Rr.^d, Andkkw Mackie, Paul Spooner, Samuel Sawyeb, Ji'LU'S A. Mavhew, William C. Whitridge, fellows of said society, greeting: Your application, made in due form, requesting tiiat a district or subordimito medical society, residing in the following towns in the county of Bristt)l, viz.: New Bedford, Fall River, Taunton, Freetown, Fairiiaven, Dartmouth, and Westport ; in the county of Plymouth, Middleborougb, Rochester, and Wareham ; in Dulce's County, Chilniiirk, Tisbury, and Edgartown ; and Nantucket was duly considered at a meeting of the councilors held at Boston on the 3d day of April, a.d. 1839, and it was voted that your requests should be gninted. " Be it therefore know.n, That pursuant to an act of the Legisla- ture of this commonwealth entitled * An Act in addition to an act en- titled "An Act to incorporate certain persons by the name of the Massa- chusetts Medical Society," 'authorizing the councilors of said society thereunto a distinct or subordinate society by the name of the Southern District Medical Society, is hereby established, to consist of those fel- lows of the Massachusetts Medical Society now residents within the limits aforesaid, for the purpose of electing officers and transacting such other businesi as they shall deem expedient. '* I.«j TESTIMONY WHEREOF, the president, pui'suaut to the aforesaid vote of the councilors, has hereunto subscribed his name and afTi.xed the seal of the corporation at Bo.ston this 18th day of April, a.d. 1839. '* George C. Shattuck, Presidenl. ".\ttest: S D. Towxsend, Uecordimj Secretary y Since the grants of the foregoing charter the society's name has been changed to the Bristol South District Society, and consists of all fellows of the Massachusetts Medical Society residing within the following cities and towns, viz. ; New Bedford, Fall River, Westford, Dartmouth, Fairhaven, Middle- borough, Rochester, Mattapolsett,' Wareham, Nan- tucket, Edgartown, Tisbury, and Chilmark. The records of the society having been unfortu- nately lost, it is impossible to give a list of the origi- nal members or of the officers of the society, but be- low is a list of all who have been members of the society from its organization in 1839 to the present? time, March, 1883 : ^ Adm. Name. Residence. Ket'd. Died. Age. 1853. Alilie, Edward P. New Bedford. 18fl4. JAbbe, Diirr R. Hartford, Conn. 1864. 1«77. Abbott, John H. Fall River. 1839. ♦Arclier, Jason H. Wrentham. 1834. 1864. 69. 1837. Atwood, Geortie. Fairhaven. 1839. fBartlett, Kiancis D. South Dartmouth. 1866. 1833. »Bartlptt, I.yman. New Bedford. 1866. 67. 1867. Bass, William M. Monument. ISS.'i. •Brackctt, \V. T. S. Edgartown. i862. 34. 18B7. Buwen. 8eaburv W. Fall River. 1807. Butler, Wiutbrop. Vineyard Haven. .... 184i!. ♦Clark, Johnson. New Bedford. 1861. 188U. Clifford, .\rthnr. New Bedford. 1881. 1881. 1881. Chagnon, W. J. B. Fall River. 1847. •Colby, Elijah. New Bedford. 1856. 58. 1840. *C..uistock, William W. Middleborougb. 1878. 77. 1820. f*Cornish, Aaron. New Bedfor.l. 1862. 1864. 74. 186.i. Cornish, Aaron. New Bedford. 1867. Cornish, Theodore 0. Dartmouth. .... 1840. »Crary, William 11. II, Fall Kiver. 1853. .... I860. tCleaveland, Daniel. Middletown, Conn. ^ 1866. JCoIlins, William D, Fall River. 1867. JClark, J. Laing. Providence, R, I, .... 1847. Davis, Eobort T. Fall River. 1839. t*Doggett, Perez F, Wareham. 1B69. 1875. 68. 1851. Dwcllev. Jptome. Fall River. 1847. Drake, EOenezer W. Middleborougb. 1863. JEddv, William. New York. 1866. Edlly, GeorR-e S. Fall River. 1829. f*Fearitig, Elisha P. Nantucket. 1860. is76. 91. 1849. *Folsoni, Levi. New York. 1863. ISIil. Fearing, Benjamin. Wareham. 1839. f*Glazier Amory. Fall River. i849. 1852. 69. 183.5. Gordon, William A. Dartmouth. I83'i. 1839. *Green, Edward W, Rhode Island. 1853. 1869. 68. 1841. JHardy, Benjamin F. San Francisco. 1839. ♦Haskell, Joseph. Rochester. 1873. 18,54. Holmes, Alexander R. Canton. isai. ♦Hooper, Foster. Fall River. 1870. 65. 18,59. Hooper, Frederick H, New Bedford. 1866. Howe, Woodbridgs R. Hanover. 1837. tHubhard, Levi. California. 1869. Hartley, James "W. Fall River. 1869. Hough. Georg- T. New Bedford. 1809. JHayes, Cliarlea. New "^ork. 1870. Haye.'i, Stephen W. New Bedford. 1871. Handy, Benjamin J. Fall River. 1849. ♦Jennings, John H, New Bedford. 1882. 1,841. JJones, Alansou S. New York. 1845. 1877. Jackson, John H. Fall Biver. 1,807, ♦Johnson, Henry. New Bedford. 1880. 1848. King, George. Franklin. 1S42. King, John B. Nantucket. .... 1S39. tJLadd, Azel P. Iowa. 1846. 1,S39, Learned, Ebenezer T. Fall River. 1851. t*l.eland, Pliineas W. Fall Rivei-. 1862. 1870. 71. 1879. Leonard, Milton H. New Bedford. 1831. ♦Lucas, Ivory H. Edgartown. 1870. 1,S,50. Leach. William. Yinevaid Haven. 1824. t*Mackie, .\ndrew. New Bedford. 1801. 1871. 77. 18,50. Mackie, John H. New Bedford. .... 182i ♦Mackie, Peter. Wareliani. 1868. 72. 1822. t*MasoM. William B. Dartmoiitb. 184:i. 1856. 74. 1830. ♦Mayhew, Julius S. New Bedford. 18.- 9. 1845, Millet, Asa. East Bridgewater. .... 1870. McGrath, Eugene J. Fall River. 1859. ♦Marrisal, Felix V. Fall River issi. 67. 1862. JSelson, Al.ial W. New London, Ct. 1865. I860. JVoyes, George II. Fall River. 1852. ♦Oakes, T Fletcher. Dartmouth. 1875. O'Coiinell.John D. Vineyard Haven. 1839. t^Perkins, John. Middleborougb. 1854. 1866. 88. 1840. Pierce, John. Edgartown. 1875. Pierce, A. Martin. New Bedford. 1807. Prescolt, Cliatles D. New Bedford. 1869. Pann, Amos B. Middleborougb. 1 The asterisk (*) denotes deceased; the dagger (f) retired; the douhle dagger (%) removed from the State. MILITARY HISTORY. a9 Adm. Name. Besidence. Refd. Died. Age. 1844. Biissell, Ilenry. Sandwich. 1861. Kicketeon, Arthur. New Bedford. 1S73. Rerifearn, Joseph. Fall River. .... 1S79. ^Richmond, Geo. B., Jr. 1830. *Sawyer, Samuel. Cambridge. 1869. 54. 1S45. *ShiveriLk, Clement F. Eil^artown. 1857. 39. 18S2. Sherma?), Frank M. Dartmouth. 1831.1. *Siseou, Benjamin B. Westport. 1S4G. *Snow, George W. Middleborough. 1867. 68'. 1839. '^ISuuthworth, Newton. Iowa. 1863. or. 1851. Spare, John. New Bedford. 1818. .Sparrow, William E. Mattapoisett, 1821. +*Spoouer, Paul. New Bedford. lim. 1862. 76. 1852. ;Siiukney, Ciiarles D. New Bedfold. 1839. -Sturtevant, George. Middleborough. 1852. 67. 1862. Stnrtevant, Charlog. Hyde Park. 1857. Swasey, Charles L. New Bedford. 1840. *Sweat, William W. Mattapoisett. isfi'. 1856. Sawyer, Frederick A. Waieham. 1860. ^■Stnith, Isaac, Jr. Fall River. 1881. 40. 1870. ^Sullivan, Alexis J. Fall River. 1880. 1.S74. Smith, Lawrence S. Watertown. 1870. Smith, H. B. S. Middleborough. 1878. Tavlor, William H. New Bedford. 18.59. JTuttle, Charles M. Littletown, N. H. is62! 1873. Tourtellot, J. Q. A. Fall River. 1.875. Tucker, Edward T. New Bedford. 1822. *Thompson, Arad. Middleborough. isii; 56. 1807. Vermvne, Jan. .T. B. New Bedford. 1840. t*Wash'burn, Lemuel W. Wisconsin. 1842. isis". 33! 1849. * Webster, Joseph W. Acushnet. 1876. 70. 1870. Webster, Joseph. Acushnet 1880. 1881. White. A. M. W. Fall River. 1881. Whitney, E.M. Fairhaven. 1839. t*Wells, Thomas T. New York. im 1842! 62. 1838. JWells. Willi;,m R. Miildleborough. 1822. "Whitri.lge, William C. New Bedford. 1857. 73. 1841. *Wilbnr, Thomas. Fall River. 1857. 68. 1832. *WiIlard, Henry. Itoston. 1855. 54. 1842. Winalow. Charles F. Boston. 1864. JWilson, Benjamin F. New Bedford. 1667. Whilaker, John B. Kail River. 1833. *YaIe, Leroy M. Tisbury. 1849. 46. CHAPTER V. MILITARY HISTORY. Tlie Third Regiment— The Fourth Regiment— The Seventh Regiment — The Eighteenth Regiment — The Twenty-third Regin)ent — The Twenty-sixth Regiment— The Twetity-ninth Regiment — The Thirty- eighth Regiment— The Thirty-ninth Regiment — The Fortieth Regi- ment — The Forty-seventh Regiment. The lightning had scarcely flashed the intelligence to the expectant North that Maj. Anderson and his gallant band had surrendered as prisoners of war to the Southern Confederacy, ere the patriotic sons of Bristol County were rallying to the support of their imperiled country. Men and money were promptly raised, and the record of this county during tlie whole struggle is one in which its citizens may justly feel a jiatriotic pride. The Third Regiment.— The Third Regiment of three months' troo])s was composed of men from Nor- folk, Ply mouth, and Bristol Counties. The field-ofBcers were as follows : Colonel, David W. Wardrop; Lieutenant-Colonel, Charles Raymond; Major, John H. Jennings; Adju- tant, Austin S. Cushman ; Quartermaster, Edward D. Allan; Surgeon, Alexander R. Holmes; Assistant Surgeon, Johnson Clark ; Sergeant-Major, A. C. Maggi ; Quartermaster-Sergeant, F. S. GifTord; all of New Bedford, except the lieutenant-colonel. There were two companies from this county, — Com- pany D from Freetown, known as the " Assonet Light Infantry," John VV. Marble, captain; H. A. Francis and John M. Dean, lieutenants; and the " New Bed- ford City Guards," Timothy lugraham, captain ; James Barton and A. S. Cushman, lieutenants. The regiment left Boston April 17th for Fortress Monroe, where it arrived on April 20th, and two days later became a part of the garrison of that famous old stronghold. It performed garrison duty until .July 5th, when it crossed Hampton Creek and occupied the town, establishing advance posts on the outskirts. The regiment remained here, performing cheerfully its duties, which were arduous and harassing, until July 16th, when, its term of service having expired, it embarked for Boston, arriving there July 19th, and four days later, July 23, 1861, was mustered out of the service, and resumed its place as part of the militia of the State. Companies D, E, I, and M re-enlisted for three years and remained at the front. When the call was made in 1862 for a draft of nine months' men, the regiment volunteered at once and rendezvoused at " Camp Joe Hooker," at Lakeville, and on the 22d of October, 1862, left Boston for New- berne, N. C, under command of Col. Silas P. Rich- mond, of Freetown. The companies were oflicered as follows : Compajiy A, — Captain, John W. Marble; First Lientenant, Charles P. Lyon; Second Lientenant, N. Morton (2d). Cmnpanij B.— Captain, P. B. Griffith ; First Lienternint, 0. .V. S. Per- kins; Second Lieutenant, W. S. Biiggs. Company C. — Captain, Elihu Grant; First Lieutenant, Benjamin A. Shaw; Second Lieutenant, Charles D. Copeland. Companl/ D. — Captain, Andrew R. Wright; First Lieutenant, Thomas McFarland; Second Lientenant, George Reynolds, Jr. Company E. — Captain, .Tohn E. llawes; Fii"st Lieutenant, Martin E. Mason ; Second Lieutenant, John L. Sharp (2d). Cmnpany F. — Captain, George R. Hnrlhurt; First Lieutenant, W. H. Allen; Second Lieutenant, Jonatlian W. Davis. Compiuttj G.— Captain, William S. Cobb; First Lieutenant, Henry W. Briggs; Second Lieutenant, James L. Wilber. Company K.— Captain, Otis A. Barker ; First Lieutenant, Robert Cross- man ; Second Lieutenant, Joseph Gibbs. Company I. — Captain, B. Ewer, Jr.; Fil'St Lieutenant, S. R. Eatoo; Second Lieutenant, J. M. Lyle. Company K. — Captain, Samuel Bates ; First Lievitenant, Nathan Fobos Second Lieutenant, Charles E. Churchill. The regiment remained at Newberne until Decem- ber 11th, when it started with the expedition toGolds- boro', which lasted eleven days, during which the regi- ment marched more than one hundred and fifty miles. The regiment participated in the battles of Kingston, Whitehall, and Guldsboro', and had these names in- scribed upon its banners. During its service the regiment gained an excellent reputation for drill and discipline, and, in the lan- guage of Col. Jourdan, "was always ready for duty." During its brief term of service it was transported by steamer and railroad more than two thousand miles and marched more than four hundred miles. Thirteen of the regiment died in the service, two were killed, fifteen wounded, and fourteen taken prisoners. The regiment left the front for home June 11th, arriving in Boston the 16th. and on the 26th of June, 40 HISTORY OF BRISTOL COUNTY. MASSACHUSETTS. 1863, was mustered out after an honorable and eflB- cient service. The Fourth Regiment was one of the first to leave Massachusetts upon the original call for three months' men. It left Boston April 17th, under command of Col. A. B. Packard, of Quincy, for Fortress Monroe, where it arrived on the 20th. It served its term of service and returned home, and in August, 1862, re- enlisted for nine months, and was sent to Camp Joe Hooker, at Lakeville, where it remained until Decem- ber 17th, when it embarked for New Orleans. In March it joined the expedition against Port Hudson, and there bore an important and conspicuous part. The Fourth remained at Brashear City until May 30th, when orders were received to report immediately to Gen. Banks, before Port Hudson. It there shared in the labors, fatigues, and hardships of that memor- able siege. In the assault on the 4th of .Tune two of the com- panies — A, Capt. John Hall, of Canton, and K, Capt. W. H. Bartlett, of Taunton — -were detailed with three companies from other regiments to carry hand gren- ades in the advance of the attacking columns. The detail was under command of Capt. Bartlett, who fell mortally wounded upon the very breastworks of the enemy, while he and his command, through a storm of shot and shell, were heroically endeavoring to scale them. Capt. Bartlett was a pure patriot and a brave soldier. The other companies also participated in the assault, but were not in so advanced a position. They were under fire, however, and were also in the battle of Bisland. In the attack of June 14th, when Capt. Bartlett was killed, the two companies suffered severely, losing in killed and wounded sixty-eight. Upon the surrender of Port Hudson the Fourth Regiment was one of the first to enter the fort, and remained inside performing garrison duty until August 4th, when it embarked for New England, and on the 28th of the same month was mustered out of the service. The entire loss of the regiment was about one hundred and twenty-five. The Seventh Regiment.' — ^The Seventh Regiment was composed almost entirely of Bristol County men, and was recruited by Col. (subsequently Maj.-Gen.) Darius N. Couch. It was officered as follows : Culoiiel, Darius N. CoHch, Taunton ; Lieiirenaut-Colooel, Chester W. Green, Fall River ; Major, David E. Holman, Attleliorough ; Surgeon, S. A. ndnian, Taunton ; Assistant Surgeon, Z. Boylston Adams, Farmingliani ; Adjutant, Otimeil Gilniore, Itaynham; Unartermaster, Darnel Edson, Jr., Somerset; Quarternijister-Sergeant, David Packard, South .\lpington; Commissary-Sergeant, John B. Burt, Fall River; Hospital Steward, Horace B. Sherman, Boston; Principal Musicians, Thomas Dtdan, Taun- ton, Robert Sheehan, Fall River; Leader of Band, Zadoc Thompson, Halifax. Company A (Fall River). — Captain, David H. Dyer; First Lieutenant, Jesse F. Eddy; Second Lieutenant, William H. Nye. Company B (Fall River). — Captain, John Gushing; First Lieutenant, Jesse D. Bullock ; Second Liv-ntenant, George W. Gifford. Company C (Taunton J. — Captain, Charles T. Robinson ; First Lieuten- ant, Edgar Robinson ; Second' Lieutenant, George F. Holman. 1 By H. .\. Cushman, of Taunton. Company D (Taunton). — Captain, Joseph Barney Leonard ; First Lieu- tenant, William B. Stall; Second Lieutenant,, William M. Hale. Company E (Scitnate, Dorchester, and Marshfield). — Captain, Horace Fox ; First Lieutenant, Hiram A. Oakman ; Second Lieutenant, William W. Carsley. Cfmpany F (Taunton). — Captain, Zeba F. Bliss; First Lieutenant, James M. Lincoln; Second Lieutenant, James K. Mathewson. Company G (Eastonl — Captain, Ward L. Foster; First Lieutenant, .\. W. Lothrop; Second Lieutenant, M. F. Williams. Company if (Mansfield). — Captain. John R Whitcomb; First Lieuten- ant, Jolin W. Rogers ; Second Lieutenant, William F. White. Company I ( Attleborougll). — Captain, John F. Ashley; First Lieu- tenant, William W, Fisher ; Second Lieutenant, Charles B. Des .Tardines. Company K (Abington). — Captain, Franklin P. Harlow; First Lieu- tenant, George W. Reed; Second Lieutenant, A. L. Mayhow. The regiment rendezvoused at Camp Old Colony (now known as Bristol County Agricultural Grounds), Taunton, where it was mustered into the United States service by Capt. J. H. Marshall, U.S.A., June 15, 1861, and shortly after left for Washington, D. C, previous to which a grand collation was served them by the citizens of Taunton on Taunton Green. Going to New York by Shore Line, they embarked to Eliza- bethport, N. J., on steamer " Kill von Kull," where they took cars, passing through Baltimore, Relay House, and other points of interest, reaching ^Vash- ington, D. C, at night, encamping near the capitol buildings till next morning, wlien they marched to Camp Kalorama, near Georgetown, D. C, where they remained until Aug. 6, 1861, when they marched to junction of Seventh and Fourteenth Streets, which was christened Camp Brightwood, D. C, and went into winter-quarters. During their stay there the regiment was assigned to a brigade composed of Thirty-sixth New Y'ork, Second Rhode Island, and Tenth Massachusetts Volunteers, which was com- manded by Gen. Couch, and was a part of Gen. I Buell's division. During their stay at this location they assisted in building Fort Massachusetts, which formed a formidable work in repelling the advance of the rebels under Gen. Jubal Early later on in July, 1864; picketed Rock Creek, and learned the duties of I soldiers under the successive commands of Col. Nelson H. Davis, now inspector-general United States army. Col. Joseph Wheelock, who resigned shortly after his commission, and Col. David A. Russell, the latter whom the members learned to fear, and afterwards to revere. March 25, 1862, the regiment embarked on transports for Fortress Monroe, Va., marched to New- port News, Warwick Court-House, thence to a position in front of Yorktown, where it remained until Ma- gruder evacuated the forts, when, after severe mud marches, it arrived upon the battle-field of Williams- burg, Va., much exhausted, at 2.30 p.m. May 5, 1862, under a severe fire, they were ordered to the support of the exhausted troops of Gen. Peck's brigade, and at nightfall relieved the One Hundred and Second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and without blankets or fires stood in a drenching rain during the night. At daybreak a detachment from Company K, Capt. Reed, with a detachment from Gen. I Davidson's command, occupied Fort Magruder ; loss, MILITARY HISTORY. 41 one killed, two wounded. Encamped near Williams- burg, Va., till May 9th, when marchefl to Roper's Church; May 13th, marched to Dr. May's farm; May IRth, marched si.x miles on the Richmond road; May 17th, formed a reconnoitering party under Cols. D. A. Russell and Gregg (of cavalry fame) to Bottom's Bridge ; May 19th, moved to a point on Richmond and West Point Railroad two and a half miles from railroad bridge on Chickahominy River ; from May 20th to May 24th, skirmished to Charles City road; May 25th to 29th, skirmished to Seven Pines; May 31st, engaged in battle of Seven Pines, or Fair Oaks; June 2d, encamped near Golding's farm, Chicka- hominj" River; June 5th, engaged in a skirmish; June 6th, encamped on west side of railroad; June 11th, encamped near Seven Pines; June 25th, en- gaged in a severe skirmish with the enemy, losing, killed, the genial and warm-hearted soldiers Lieut. Jesse D. Bullock, Company B, and Private John White, Company F. Lieut. Bullock was embalmed and his liody sent home to Fall River. Private White was buried near the camp. June 27th, broke camp and commenced the grand retreat of Gen. McClellan down the Peninsula; June 28th, engaged in severe skirmish with rebel cavalry near Ellis Church ; June 29th, arrived about 2 p.,m., near James River at Mal- vern Hill; July 2d, marched to Harrison's Landing, on James River, Va., where it remained in camp until Aug. IG, 1862, when it commenced its march to Fortress Monroe, or York River, to embark on trans- ports to Alexandria, Va. While at Harrison's Land- ing the band which had so many times insjjired the members of the Seventh with their fine music was, by general order of War Department, mustered out Aug. 11, 1862. September 1st, marched from Alexan- dria to Fairfax Court-House, Va. Battle of Bull Run, Va. September 2d, returned to Alexandria; from September 3d to September 17th marched through Tenallytown, Rusherville, Seneca Mills, Poolesville, Barnesville, Lickettsville, Birkettsville, Boonesville, Md., over South Mountain to Antietam battle-field. As a part of a division under command of Gen. Couch, at night, September 18th, was placed in front line, the enemy retreating in the night. Sep- tember 19th, moved to Sharpsburg; 20th, returned through that town to Williamsport, Md. ; 23d, en- camped at Downsville, Md., remained there until October 18th, moved to Clear Spring, Hancock, Cherry Run, and Williamsport. Returned to old camp at Downsville, October 29th. November 1st, left there, passing through Berlin, crossing the Poto- mac, passing through Wheatland, White Plains, New Baltimore, Catlett's Station to camp near Stafford Court-House, Va. December 4th, marched to Belle Plains, Va. Up to this time the loss had been three killed, twenty-six wounded, seven taken prisoners, and forty- eight died from sickness. December 11th, the regiment started at daylight and marched to the Rappahannock River, about one mile below Fredericksburg, Va., where they halted until 5 P.M., when they crossed the river on pontoons under a severe fire from the enemy. The Seventh was the second regiment to cross, acting as support to the skirmish line, and advancing about a mile farther, driving the enemy before them. They remained in this position during the night, and were subjected to a severe fire from the enemy's artillery until December 15th, when they recrossed the river and encamped near Falmouth. Loss in this engagement one killed and two wounded. December 18th, went into camp at White Oak Church, Va. At this camp the sad in- telligence that their beloved colonel, David O. Russell, who had been promoted to a higher position, that of brigadier-general in Gen. Wright's (now chief of en- gineers, U.S.A.) division, was to leave them cast a gloom which to them seemed worse than all the reverses they had met in many battles and weary marches. Educated at West Point, skilled in the art of war, his frontier life peculiarly fitting him for skirmish and reconnoitering duty, possessed of a warm heart, strict in discipline, but acting as a father to all in his command, while officers and men rejoiced at his well- earned and deserved advancement, they sincerely mourned his loss. He rose from the command of a brigade to a division commander, and his worth can- not be better portrayed than the remark heard by the writer from Gen. Phil H. Sheridan's lips, when he was being carried by on a stretcher unconscious and mortally wounded at the battle of Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864: " Revenge for Russell ! Revenge for Ru.ssell ! No better officer ever slung a sword in the army !•' Gen. Russell's remains were carried to Sa- lem, N. Y., where they were buried with military and civic honors. United States forts. Grand Army posts, and soldiers' children bear his name, and the name of David A. Russell will ever be revered by officers or privates whose good fortune it was to be in his command as long as a hand is left to deck the grave with choice flowers of a comrade. From Dec. 18, 1862, to Jan. 20, 1863, remained in camp, when they participated in Burnsides' mud march till Feb. 2, 1863, when they returned to old camp at White Oak Swamp. From then to May 2, 1863, remained in winter-quarters, doing camp and picket duty. May 2, 1863, crossed Rappahannock River into Fredericksburg at 10 p.m. May 3d, a beautiful Sabbath morn, the regiment was detached from the brigade and took position in line of battle to assist in holding the city against an attack of the enemy which was imminent, and were held in readiness to lead the assaulting column on Marye's Heights. Directly west, out of the town of Fredericksburg, was a ro:id which finally reaches Chancellorsville, just in the outskirts of the town, less than a mile from tlie main street. This road ascends a hill that, while 42 HISTORY OF BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. it is sufficiently steep to render the ascent toilsome, is not so steep as to renfler any less effective the fire of artillery and musketry. This is Marye's Hill, and at the summit of this hill is Marye's house. Near the hill a road leaves the Chancellorsville road, runs to- ward the south, across the front and right of the hill at its base ; the latter road had a substantial stone wall on each side of it, and these roads, with a little assistance from the spade, had been converted into excellent breastworks by the enemy. No artillery fire could touch those walls, for it was a sunken road, and though the walls were four feet higli in the road, their tops were level with the surface. Behind the second line of ])its rises the hill, and around its whole crest runs a well-constructed earthwork, in which was one howitzer. At the ascent of the hill it is a mere gulch, broken and stony, and an awful place for men to be packed in under a plunging fire of grape and canister in addition to musketry fire. Such was the position the gallant Hoventh was to lead the assault against. The regiment, after crossing over a small bridge, instead of being ordered to deploy and charge the enemy, were allowed to cliarge by the flank, and the enemy, bewildered by such a movement, reserved their fire until the regiment were in close quarters, when with artillery and musketry from rifie-pits and houses they dealt death-blows until the regiment faltered, wliich was only for a moment. As fast as men were slain the depleted ranks would be filled, and those who escaped fairly waded through fire and gore, re- sisted by the Confederates as our men clambered over the walls and planted their colors on the crest of the hill. Col. Thomas D. Johns, who succeeded Gen. Russell, was wounded here, which was conceded by his command as a just punishment for attempting such a charge by the flank instead of deploying his men as he should. The Seventh here captured two jiieces of the famous rebel Wasliington Artillery. The regiment, with Gen. Sedgwick's corps, pursued the enemy to Salem Heights, a distance of four miles, when from four o'clock till darkness they were severely engaged, sleejiing on the field that night. May 4th, was again engaged, and was obliged, owing to the enemy flanking the corps and again occupying their works, on the evening of May 4th, to retreat to Banks' Ford, where they recrossed the Rappahannock. Tues- day morning. May 5th, the well-earned victory had been turned to defeat, and the result of the 3d of May carnage carried mourning into many homes in Bristol County. With a force of less than five hundred men, the loss of this regiment in this bloody field was two officers and twenty-one men killed, nine officers and one hundred and five men wounded ; Company F, on the right of the command, losing of that number two sergeants, one corporal, and four privates killed, and three commissioned officers, five corporals, and seven privates wounded. May 8th, returned to old camp near Falmouth. June Gth, again crossed the Rappa- hannock, and were left as rear-guard while the army were marching to Pennsylvania. June 11th to July 2il, marched t Vnliiiitei'rs is druwing to a close, aii«l as it is expected tu letiirii to RlH-Siicliiisclt-. llie colonel comnianding the brigade ileems it a duty as well as a pleasure to testify to tlie soldierly liearitig, bravery, and efficiency of the regiment up to the Inst day of their stay. The colonel comnianding has witnessed with salisfictiun the coolness and steaditiess under fire of both officers and men ; the long nuirches, exposure, and the many hardships they have undei'gone since the opening of the campaign have been borne without a murmur, an'l has more fully established the rejiutation they liave I'revionsly won as a refrinient that could always be relied upon. They go back to Massaciiusetls with thinned ranks and tattered colors, but with the feeling and the assurance that they have nobly served tUa cause of their coiinti y in its most trying hour, " By order of "0. Edwards, " Cot. Commanding Brigade. " T. G. Colt, " First Lieut, and A.A.A.G." On the morning of the 16th the regiment embarked froin Wilson's Landing, James River, Va., in the dis- patch steamer " Keyport," for Washington, D. C, and on following day took special train for New York ; reached Taunton Juno 20, 1804, and was warmly wel- comed back by the citizens, who turned out en ma-ue. June 27, 1864, the regiment was mustered out of ser- vice, and the gallant Seventh, with its laurels won on many a hard-contested field, passed into history. Herewith will be found a recaidtulation of the regi- ment: Killed and died 145 Deserted H3 Transferred 09 Rejected recruits 13 Promoted 82 Dist-liarged 470 922 Mustered out 407 Total 1320 The surviving members of the Seventh have formed an association called the "Seventh Massachusetts Veteran Association," which meets .June 15th yearly. It has some eighty members, and affords the " boys" of 1861, now gray-haired men, much pleasure to unite and rehearse war scenes of camp and battle life. Any information — as long as he is living — can be ob- tained of one of its youngest surviving members, H. A. Cushman, secretary of the association. Maj.-Gen. Dariu.'< N. Coui'H. — The Seventh Regi- ment of Massachusetts Volunteers was recruited by Col. Darius N. Couch, of Taunton, who was a native of New Y'^ork. He graduated at West Point in the class of 1846, and was assigned a second lieutenant to the Fourth United States Artillery. He served under Gen. Taylor in the Mexican war, and was breveted first lieutenant for gallantry at the battle of Buena Vista in 1847. He subsequently was assigned to a command in the Seminole war of 1853, and made a scientific tour in Mexico, the result of which was published. In 1855 he resigned his position in the United States army, and in 1859 became a resident of Taunton, having married the daughter of Hon. Samuel L. Crocker. At the outbreak of the war in 18G1, Lieut. Crouch tendered his services to Governor .\iKlrew, and was commissioned to raise a regiment at ilie call of President Lincoln for seventy-five thousand men to suppress the Rebellion. He re- 41 HISTORY OF BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. cruited the Seventh Regiment of Massachusetts Vol- unteers, headquarters at Taunton, and was elected colonel. He left with his regiment for the seat of war (Virginia) in June, 1861, and joined the Armj'of the Potomac under Gen. McClellan, who was a class- mate. On their departure from Taunton in July, 1861, the following letter was received by Col. Couch from Governor Andrew : '*COMM()NWF,Ar.TIi OF MASSACHUSETTS, " ExKcuTiVF. Dkpartmkxt, " Boston, July IG, 1861. " To Col. D. N. Couch, '• Cftmmanffing Seventh Rfghrwnt Mmsachnsetts Volunteers : " C-o/oiw?, — I wish to express wuraily and sincerely my regret that I i could not make an opipurtiinity to exchange greetings with you iind i your fine regiment before you left the commonwealth for the seat of war. '* My reluctance to permit any regiment to depart from Massachusetts without a chance to hid it God-speed was so great that I was even in- clined to dtlay you for a day or two in order to secure such au oppor- tunity, but on reflection it seemed to me unwise to postpone for a mere sentiment your call to active duty. " I beg now to assure you that you and your command are held by the otiicial representatives of the commonwealth in no less affectionate regard than other regiments which, by reason of their proximity tu tlie capital, I aflfonl easier opportunities for personal interviews and acquaintances; that we shall watch your career and rejoice in your successes with no less eager interest than that with which we follow those regiments which preceded you and those which tread in your footsteps. And to ■ you, personally, I wish to exprrss my thanks fur the quiet, considerate, I judicious conduct which characterized your whole actiun in the organi- zation of your comnnind. i " 1 hope I shall hear often from you. Any support which I can affonl ' to the regiment under its national auspices I shall be glad to extend, i and I beg you never tu hesitate to call back to Massachusetts wlienever j you need for sympathy and nid. | "I am faithfully and respectfully, I " Your friend and servant, ' " JojiN A. AxnuKW." ' In August, 1861, Col. Couch, having evinced rare ability in disciplining his command, was promoted brigadier-general. On the reorganization of the Army i of the Potomac he was assigned to the command of a division in Maj.-Gen. ICeyes' corps, and distin- guished himself in the battles of Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, and Williamsburg, and for his bravery and gal- lantry was promoted major-general of volunteers, July, 1862. He participated in the battles in command of a division. At Antietam was assigned the command of \ the late Gen. Sumner's corps. He afterwards distin- guished himself at the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, under Maj.-Gen. Hooker. He was assigned to the command of the Department of the Susquehannah in 1863; was also in command of a division in the defeat of Gen. Hood at Nashville. He resigned at the close of the war in 1865, and was appointed collector of the port of Boston. He has resided in Norwalk, Conn., about twelve years, and for several years has held the office of adjutant-gen- eral of that State. The adjutant-general of Massachusetts, in his re- port of 1862, referred to the Seventh Regiment as follows ; " This regiment is composed in great part of Bristol County men, recruited by Col. (now Brig.-Gen.) Couch, and is composed of very excellent material." The following letter from Gen. Couch to the mem- bers of his old regiment at their reunion in 1874 will be read with interest: " Norwalk, Conn., June 12, 1874. '* To the AssocuUion of Seventh Regiment Massachusetts Vohmieeis : "Gentlemen, — Seeing in a Taunton paper that the 'Seventh' is to have a reuiiii>n on the anniveraary of its muster into the service of the United States, it occurred that I might add a trifle to the interest of the meeting by writing a few items of history pertaining to the regimental organization. "Your regiment, though not the very first one organized for three years' service, had a beginning, I fancy, prior to that of any otlier from Massachusetts. "The 31st of December, 1860, I wrote a letter to the adjutant-general of the State to tiie effect that a conflict with the South was inevit;ible, and tendering my services to the State. Gen. Schooler answered Feb. 1,1861. "On tlie20*h of April, 18C1, Hon. Samuel L.Crocker introduced me to Governor Andrew, at the State-House, vouching for my services in the Mexican war. The Governor, after hearing my views, referred me to Co!. Sargeant, of his staff, when the first official steps were taken to raise troops in Bristol County. "You, the old mentbers, all know of the enthusiasm shown in the various county towns, the squad-drills by night, and the encouiagement given us by patriotic gentlemen, military committees, etc. " Well, we succeeded in organizing ten companies, which, in a special order of his Excellency tlie Governor, were named respectively as con- stituting the Fifteenth Regiment of Infantry. Fii-st Division. The order was of date May 21, 18G1. " An order of the same date from headquarters. First Division, IMassa- chnsetts Volunteer Militia, directed the company ofiicers to assemble at the Parker House May 21, 1801, and to elect field-officers for the regi- ment. Orders from the samu headquarters. May 29. 18i>l, stated that officers were elected, commissioned, and qualified, as follows: " Colonel, Darius N. Couch, of Taunton. " Lieutenant-Colonel, Chester W. Green, of Fall River. "Major, David E. Holman, of Attleborough. " It was tiius a regiment of militia. , " General Order, No. 12. of the Governor, May 22d, cited the President's proclamation for the raising of three years' troops, and that the quota of MHSsachusetts was six regiments, the Fifteenth Regiment Massa- chusetts Volunteer Militia being accepted by the Govern.)r, after some delay, as the Fourth Regiment of Massachusetts A'olunteers, and went into Camp Old Colony to fill up the ranks and get ready for active service. "We were soon after changed to the Seventh, an unsullied name borne in a protracted struggle of four years, consisting of hmg marches, hard bivouacka, closely-contested battles, and retreats. "May you long live, my gallant comrades, to enjoy your nobly-earned honor is the sincere wish of your friend, "D. N. CoucB." The Eighteenth Regiment was recruited mainly from Norfolk, Bristol, and Plymouth Counties. It was mustered into the service Aug. 27, 1861, and left for Washington on the following day, under command of Col. James Barnes. This regiment participated in the battles of Gaines' Mills, Second Bnll Run, Shep- ardston, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, and Weldon Railroad. The regiment, after a service which was distinguished for bravery and good discipline, was mustered out Sept. 2, 1864, and those soldiers whose term of service had not expired were transferred to the Thirty-second Regiment. The Twenty-third Regiment had a few men from Bristol County. This regiment left the State Nov. 11, 1861, and encamped for a time at Annapolis, Md. It formed a part of the Burnside expedition, and en- gaged in the following battles: Roanoke, Newberne, ^>C /^<:j MILITARY HISTORY. Rank's Mills, Kingston, Whitehall, Goldsboro', Wil- cox's Bridge, Wintoii, Smithfield, Heckman's Farm, Arrowfield Church, Drury's Bluft', Cold Harbor, and other battles before Richmond, and Kingston, Second Bull Run. Mustered out Sept. 14, 1864. Remastered men and recruits remained in the service under the same designation until June 25, 1865. The Twenty-sixth. Regiment was mustered into the service of the United States Oct. 18, 1861, and was mustered out Aug. 26, 1865. It had about one company from Bristol County. This regiment was a legitimate offspring of the old Sixth Regiment, which was mobbed in Baltimore. It participated in the battles of Winchester, Cedar Creek, and Fisher's Hiil. The Twenty-ninth Reg-iment,— Seven companies of this regiment were among the first three years' men that left the State. They were sent to Fortress Monroe to fill up the ranks of the Third and Fourth Militia Regiments, three months' men, and when the terms of the above regiments had expired, the seven companies became known as the First Battalion of Massachusetts Volunteers. Subsequently three new companies were organized and attached to this bat- talion and it was made the Twenty-ninth Regiment, and Brig.-Gen. E. W. Peirce, of the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, was appointed colonel. The regiment participated in the battles before Richmond, Antietam, Fredericksburg, siege of Vicks- burg, Jackson, Blue Springs, Campbell's Station, siege of Knoxville, Cold Harbor. This was not a Bristol County regiment, but Col. Peirce, its commander, was and still is a Bristol County man. In one of Maj. O'Neill's reports, in re- ferring to Gen. Peirce, he says, " Col. Ebenezer W. Peirce, who lost an arm in the battle of White Oak Swamp, has my sympathy, and in so soon rejoining his regiment for duty proved his readiness to be where a soldier should be, at the head of his regiment." It may be remarked here that Gen. Peirce rejoined his regiment and took command only sixty days after his arm had been shot oft" at White Oak Swamp. Nov. 12, 1862, Col E. W. Peirce was detailed upon recruiting service, and ordered to report to Col. Day at Boston, where he remained until relieved, and immediately resumed command of his regiment at Newport News, March 21, 186.3, accompanying it to Paris, Ky., when he was, by order of Gen. Burnside, placed in command of all the Federal forces at that post, and so remained until July 20th, when he was detailed to organize the First Provisional Regiment of Massachusetts, encamped on Long Island, Boston Harbor, and returning to his regiment at Nicholas- ville, Ky., August 28th, was immediately placed in command of the brigade to which this regiment was attached, and commanded the brigade in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia, and while in Tennessee was for a time in command of the First Division of the Ninth Corps. Ebenezer W. Peirce was born at Assonet vil- lage, in Freetown, April 5, 1822, and is a lineal de- scendant in the sixth generation from Abraham Peirce, who emigrated to America and settled at Ply- mouth in 1623, and died at Duxbury in or near 1673. Isaac, a son of Abraham Peirce, performed military service for Plymouth Colony in King Philip's war (1675 and 1676), for which he was awarded a land grant. Isaac Peirce died in what was then Middle- borough, now Lakeville, Feb. 28, 1732, aged about seventy-one years. Isaac Peirce left sons Thomas and Isaac, Jr. The latter, becoming a Quaker, had a family of four sons, all of whom save one left the religious faith and prac- tice of their father ; and the oldest of these (Ebenezer by name) sent three sons into the army in the French and Indian war (1755 to 1783), and six into the pa- triot army of the American Revolution (1775 to 1782), of which six four became captains in that service, and one lost his life before having time to attain pro- motion. Of these six sons was Capt. Job Peirce, who served in both the French and Indian war and the Revolution, and who had one son in active service in the coast-guard as a major, and another as a captain in the last war with England (1812 to 1815). Capt. Job Peirce was the founder or donor of the Peirce Acad- emy, in Middleborough, and paternal grandfather to the subject of this sketch, who upon the maternal side is of the sixth generation from Lieut. Samuel Gardi- ner, who distinguished himself iti King William's war (1689 to 1692), and is the earliest town clerk and treasurer of Freetown of whom there remains a record, and was a principal proprietor of what is still known as Gardiner's Neck, in Swansea. The mother of Ebenezer W. Peirce was a daughter of Col. Benjamin Weaver, of Freetown, an officer in patriot army of Revolution, and a stanch upholder of the govern- ment in the Shay's war, or Shay's rebellion, so called, in 1786, and for some thirty years justice of a court, and distinguished for considerable scholastic attain- ments. Ebenezer W. Peirce was educated in the common schools of his native town, Peirce Academy, Middle- borough, Mass., Bacon Academy, Colchester, Conn., and Durham Academy, at Durham, N. H. He has been elected to the town offices of selectman, overseer of the poor, assessor, treasurer, collector, and school committee, and appointed to the county offices of trial justice, coroner, notary public, commissioner to qualify civil officers, public administrator, and prover of fire- arms, and from the President of the United States received the appointment of collector of internal rev- enue for the First Congressional District of Massa- chusetts. In the local militia of Massachusetts he has held thecommissions of lieutenant, captain, major, lieutenant-colonel, and brigadier-general, and in the army in late war of great Rebellion the commission of colonel. He commanded a regiment in Virginia, a brigade 46 HISTORY OP BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia, and for a sliort time a division in Tennessee. His right arm was, by a cannon-ball, shot off near the shoulder on the 30th of June, 1862, of which wound he was off duty only thirty days, and participated in another battle in less than two mouths. He was before and during the late war largely engaged in sheep hus- bandry and raising of wool, and while he had on hand a very large quantity the prices of wool went up from twenty-eight cents to one dollar aud eighteen cents per pound, and dropped almost as much imme- diately after he had sold out, for, said he, " while most people advised me to sell I would not dispose of a pound, but as soon as almost every body advised me to hold on I made haste to sell the whole and did not get rid of it a moment too soon." From youth he has given much time and attention to the reading of the Bible, making it for several years the rule of his life to read it through every twelve months, and is yet a thoroughly confirmed materialist, in whose mind reason takes the place of revelation and science has demolished superstition. Since the war he has written considerable for newspapers and became the author of several books upon local history, biography, and genealogy. Although having attained to more than threescore years and suffered' the hardships incident to nearly four years' service in the late war, more than two years of which were performed after the loss of his rio-ht arm, he still enjoys almost unimpaired health, and is ;M-ae/!iCT% a comparatively young man,' all of which he ascribes to a naturally strong constitution, abstemious habits, ever totally ignoring tobacco and all forms of gambling, and that he has, during the most of his life, not allowed himself to be incumbered with the burdens, sources, and anxious care of more than one world at a time. The Thirty-eighth Regiment was mustered into the service Aug. 24, 18G2, and was mustered out June 30, 186-5. One company of the regiment (H) was re- cruited in the southeastern part of the county, princi- pally from New Bedford, Dartmouth, and Westport. The regiment participated in the following engage- ments : Cane River, Mansura, Port Hudson, Opequan, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek. . The Thirty-ninth Regiment was mustered into the United States service Sept. 4, 1862, and was mus- tered out June 2, 186.5. There was one company in this regiment from Bristol County, Company F from Taunton. The Thirty-ninth participated in the following engagements: Mine Run, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Tolopotomy, Bethesda Church, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Dabney's Mills, Gravelly Run, and Five Forks. The Fortieth Regiment had one company from this county, chiefly from Attleborough, Company H. The regiment was mustered into the service Sept. 5, 1862, and was mustered out June 16, 1865. It participated in the following engagements : En- gagements on the Blackwater, bombardments of Forts Sumter and Wagner, siege of Charleston, Olustee, Cedar Creek, Ten-Mile Run, Jacksonville, Drury's Bluff, Cold Harbor, Fort Harrison, Fair Oaks, and the several battles before Petersburg and Richmond. This was one of the best regiments in the service. The Forty-seventh Regiment (nine months) was recruited chiefly by Lucius B. Marsh, of Boston. Com- pany C, Capt. L. T. Starkey, was from Attleborough, and Company D, Capt. A. S. Cushman, was from New Bedford. The regiment left Boston Nov. 29, 1862, and proceeded to New York, where it remained until December 21st, when it sailed for New Orleans, ar- riving there on the 31st, and on the following day pro- ceeded to Carrollton, and January 2d went into camp. The regiment remained in the defenses of New Or- leans during its term of service, its loss being twenty by death. It was mustered out at Readville, Sept. 1, 1863. The Fifty-eighth Regiment was recruited at Read- ville, and left for the front April 28, 1864, under com- mand of Licut.-Col. John C. Whiton. There were several companies from Bristol County in this regi- ment. The regiment joined the Army of the Poto- mac only a few days previous to the advance towards Richmond, and suffered severely in officers and men. Capt. Franklyn Howland is a descendant of Henry Howland, who was in Plymouth Colony as ; early as 1624. It is supposed that John Howland, of the "Mayflower," and Henry were brotliers. The de- scent comes from Henry' through Zocth'-, Nathaniel'', James*, Thomas", Thomas', William', Stephen*, and Franklyn''. Zoeth'ssons, Nathaniel, Benjamin, Henry, and Nicholas, were among the original proprietors and settlers of old Dartmouth. They were sturdy, well to do, highly-respected men. The Howlands of this part of i5ristol Couuty all trace their descent from three brothers. Franklyn's grandfather, Wil- liam, above mentioned, married Innocent Wilber, of Little Compton, R. I., where he settled, and was fre- quently honored with public oflice. Innocent was a daughter of William Wilbor, who was born in Eng- land in 1580, and whose son Samuel was one of the original proprietors of the island of Rhode Island. Her nephew, Philip Wilbor, was formerly Governor of that State. Her cousin, John Wilbor, was leader of the " Wilborite" faction of Friends. His father Stephen married Lucy P., daughter of Rev. Israel Washburn, a descendant of John Washburn, who was a resident of Evansham, county of Worcester, England, Secretary of the Council of Plymouth in England, and the first secretary of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in America. He subsequently moved with the Plymouth Colony, and was one of the original proprietors of Bridgewater, the descent being .John', John", James*, Moses', Moses", Jr., Lettice", Israel". Rev. Israel Washburn was born in Acushnet, 24th 10th month, 1796. At an early age he took orders in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and continued in the iJ^ur^a!,t^— MILITARY HISTORY. 47 itinerancy most of the time till he died. His last ap- pointment by the Conference was to the Methodist Episcopal Church in Acushnet village, but he did not live to move to it. He was an earnest advocate of all moral reforms, especially of total abstinence and anti-slavery, being classed with the Garri.son abolitionists. He was for many years a resident of Acushnet. In 18(32, then seventy-two years of age, he offered his services to the government, and wa.s made chaplain of the Twelfth Massachusetts Volunteers September 1st of that year. At the battle of Antietam he contracted a disease of which he died April 23, 1864. His son, Capt. A. Gardiner Washburn, a former resident of Acushnet, a graduate of Brown University and the Albany Law School, subsequently a newspaper editor, also died of disease contracted in the service. A re- markable incident of record is that Moses, Jr., was in the Revolutionary war; his son Lettice in the Revolution and war of 1812 ; his grandson Israel, his great-grandson A. Gardiner, and his great-great- grandson Franklyn in the last war. A United States pension was granted on account of the last four, and the last three held the same rank. Capt. Howland was born in Little Compton, R. I., but became a resident of Westport, Mass., the follow- ing year. His opportunities for an education were exceedingly limited. With the exception of six months, his studies were pursued in a mixed country school, "much of the time," he says, "in a house where daylight could be seen through the roof, and high winds would come through cracks in the walls with sufficient force to turn the leaves of a book." He was in school but twelve months after his four- teenth birthday. .Since then, however, he has allowed no opportunity to pass to acquire by close observation, by careful reading, and by intercourse with intelli- gent minds that practical information which has given him mental power and success. At sixteen years of age he entered the employment of an importing house in New York City, and con- tinued there till the outbreak of the Rebellion. Pass- ing down town on the evening of the 19th of April, 1861, he saw bulletined on the newspaper boards the exciting news of the attack on the Sixth Massachu- setts Volunteers in the streets of Baltimore. The in- herited patriotism, which had been by no means dormant, now reached a white-heat. He enrolled himself at once, being only eighteen years of age, as a private in the Fourteenth New York State Militia, of Brooklyn, where he resided. The regiment was soon ordered to the front. It passed through Balti- more very soon, and was quartered at Washington in the Senate chamber of the capitol. He was in the first battle of Bull Run, when the newspapers re- ported him killed, but he received only a flesh-wound. After a year's service in the Army of the Potomac (where he received his first commission), he was as- signed to duty in the Department of the South with the Ninth Army Corps. A part of the time spent there he was on staff duty as assistant provost-mar- shal. During his service he was a prisoner of war nearly a year continuously. This time was about equally divided between Libby and Salisbury prison pens, under Winder and Wirz, and New Orleans. The hardships and privations endured here resulted in a sickness which nearly proved fatal, and left him with a partially paralyzed condition of the spinal cord. Since this event he has not stepped without assistance, and requires a constant attendant. He re- signed in April, 1864, having been in service three years on the 19th of that month. Though totally incapacitated from manual labor, his vigorous mind seeks employment. He edits the agricultural department of the New Bedford Standard, and has since the incorporation of that department in this enterprising paper, January, 1876, which de- partment he suggested to the publishers. He has been president of the South Bristol Farmers' Club, a flourishing agricultural organization, since it was in- stituted. His boyhood was passed on a large farm. Since the war he has been a close observer of agri- cultural and horticultural pursuits, and for the past ten years a farm on which he resides, situated on the Fairhaven road, in the town of Acushnet, has been cultivated under his immediate supervision. He is actively interested in the anti-liquor and Sunday- school causes, is president of the Acushnet and vice- president of the Bristol County Sunday-School Asso- ciations. He is now engaged in preparing for the press a genealogy of the Howland family, and is working up a complete history of Methodism within the boundaries of old Dartmouth. The use of a pen being extremely difficult, and at times impossible, much of his writing is done by an amanuensis. He studied two years for the medical profession, but not recovering, as he had hoped, he abandoned it. He has no aspirations for political office, but n-as on the board of school committee of Westport for two years, and was a candidate of the anti-license faction of the Republican party of Westport in 1869, when five of his competitors' votes would have secured his election at the polls. He was a justice of the peace for a number of years. Capt. Howland married Emma H., daughter of Capt. James H. and Emily G. Hallett, of Barnstable, Mass. Her father was a master-mariner. They have had three children, — Grace (deceased), Le Roy, and Max. Capt. Hov?tend is a man of pleasing address and winning magnetism. He is often called upon to address various bodies and public assemblies, and has an earnest, convincing oratory, not unmixed with humor and wit, which always serves to drive home a point. As a writer, he is graphic and concise, evfncing a thorough knowledge of the subject in hand. Labor- ing under disadvantages which would appall many able men, his perseverance and will cause him to ac- complish more actual labor than many men of per- 48 HISTORY OF BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. feet health. He is a representative man, and remark- able in many respects. Our military history is closed. We have faithfully traced the history of the various regiments, and it has been our honest endeavor to place before the people of Bristol County a truthful record of her gal- lant sons who risked their lives in the defense of their country. We have sought to deal justly with all, and give deserving credit to each and every regiment. While the history is a record of many of the severest battles of the war, it is not in any particular over- drawn ; it is a " plain, unvarnished tale." It has been impossible to sketch many individual acts of heroism, but these were not wanting. Bristol County may justly feel proud of her sol- diery, as no section of our country acted a more prominent or honorable rule in the great tragedy. Eighteen years have now elapsed since the close of the Rebellion, and we find our country a united and prosperous people. Sectional strife is rapidly passing away, and the same hand strews flowers alike on the graves of the Blue and the Gray. " No more shall the war-cry sever, Or the winding rivers be red ; Tliey banish our anger forever When tliey Jaurel tlie graves of our dead. Under the sod and the dew, Waiting tlie judgment-day ; - Love and tears for the Blue, Tears and love for the Gray." CHAPTER VI.' NEW BEDFORD. Geographical — Topographical — First Record Reference to Old Dart- mouth — Early Settlement — ludian Deed — Wasamequen and Wam- sutta to William Bradford and others^— Incorporation of the Town — The yirst Representative — Other Karly Representatives — The Rus- sells — King Philip's War. New Beiiford lies in the southern part of the county, and is bounded as follows: On the north by Freetown ; on the east by Acushnet River, which separates it from Acushnet and Fairhaven ; on the south by Buzzard's Bay ; and on the west by Dart- mouth. The surface of the town is generally level and the soil fertile. The first reference found in the Plymouth Colony records in relation to the territory of Dartmouth is under date of Dec. 1, 1640, twenty years after the arrival of the " Mayflower." By an order of the Gen- eral Court of March, 1639, it was agreed that the purchasers or " old-comers" should make choice of two or three plantations for themselves and their heirs by the December court. When the time came it was 1 For the greater poilion of this and the following chapter the editor is largely indebted to the unpublished manuscript of the late James B. CongdoD. found that the choice had been made, and the returns of the three tracts selected were' made and recorded. All the selections were upon the coast. The following description of the tract called "The Second Place," taken in connection with the language of the conveyance afterwards made by the Indian chiefs Wasamequin and Wamsutta, indicates with sufficient accuracy that it was intendid to describe the territory that twenty-four years afterwards con- stituted the town of Dartmouth. The language and orthography of the records are given. " The second place of a place called Acconquesse al' Acokers, w""" lyeth in the bottom of the bay, ad- joining to the west side of Poqnt Perrill, and two miles to tlie western side of the said river, to another place, called Acqussent River, w"'' entreth at the west- ern end of Nickatag, and two miles to the eastward thereof, and to extend eight miles into the country." By this allotment of territory no title was acquired. It was owned by the Indians and occupied by them. Early Settlement of Dartmouth. — Dartmouth was one of the last towns of the Plymouth Colony incorporated. The first record which we have of it is dated two hundred and twenty-nine years ago, thirty-four years after the landing on Plymouth Rock. On the 29th of November, 1654, a conveyance was made by Wasamequin, an Indian chief and Wam- sutta, his son, of the territory now comprising tlie towns of Westport, Dartmouth, New Bedford, Fair- haven, and Acushnet to William Bradford, Capt. Standish, Thomas Southworth, John Winslow, John Cook, and their associates, the purchasers, as " old- comers." The tract conveyed is thus described : " A tract of land known by the name of Accushend, alias Aquset, entering in at the western end of Nakata, and to the now Cookset, alias Ackees, and places adjacent, the bounds of which tract fully extend through miles to the eastward of the most easterly part of the river orbay Accushenak aforesaid, and so along the seaside to the river called Cookset, lying on the west side of Point Perril, and to the most westermost side of any branch of the aforesaid river, and extending eight miles into the woods, with all marshes, meadows, rivers, waters, woods, and appurtenances thereto be- longing." For this large tract Wasamequen and Wamsutta received thirty yards of cloth, eight moose-skins, fif- teen axes, fifteen hoes, fifteen pairs of breeches, eight blankets, two kettles, one cloak, two pounds of wam- pum, eight pairs of stockings, eight pairs of shoes, one tin pot, and ten shillings in other commodities, which phrase being interpreted probably meant rum and tobacco. The grantors, father and son, agree within one year to remove all the Indians from the tract. This condition certainly was not complied with, and it may be inferred from the fact that the Indians were not removed from this favorite portion of their territory that the two chiefs who for this beg- garly inventory of breeches, blankets, and other com- NEW BEDFORD. 49 modities undertook to barter away the hunting- grounds of the tribe liad as little authority to nialce the transfer as they had power to enforce the cruel stipulation that provided for the bauishment of the rightful owners of the soil.' Previous to this date there were no doubt some settlers upon this territory. As early as 1650, Ralph Russell came to Dartmouth, and in company with Anthony Slocum, his companion into the wilderness, established an iron-works at Rus- sell's Mills. They were from the neighboring settle- ment of Taunton. To the Russells is due the honor of having been the founders of this community, and from that early day, over one hundred and thirty years ago, there has been no time in the annals of the old mother-town of Dartmouth or of the vigorous branches of the parent tree when the name of Russell was not borne by many here whose enterprise and perseverance proved them ■worthy descendants of him who pitched his tent in tlie wilderness, and, surrounded by the wondering and it may be hostile sons of the soil, caused the stillness of the forest for the first time to be broken by the clangor of water-driven machinery. In 1664, Dartmouth was incorporated, and John Russell, the first representative sent by the inhabitants to the General Court at Plymouth, took his seat among the rulers of the people the next year. John Cook seems to have been the only person named among the grantees of the territory who be- came an inhabitant of the town. His house was situated at the opposite extremity of the settlement, near what is now called the Head of the River. The second year he took Russell's place as representative at the headquarters of the Old Colony, and from that 1 Tlie fullowing is a copj* of this deed : " New Plymouth, Novembrr tlie '29tli, 1G52. " Knuw all nif Q by these presents, that I, Wesamequen, and Wam- BUtta, my son, have sold unto Mr. William Bradford, Captain Standish, Thomas Southworth, John Winslow, John Cooke, and their associates, tlie pnrchasers or old-comers, all the tract or tracts of land lying three miles eastward from a river called Cusheiiagg, to a certain harbour called Acoalisett, to a tlat rock on the westward side of the said harbour. And whereas the said harbour divideth itself into several branches, the west- ernmost arme to be the bound, and all the tract or tracts of land from the said Westernmost arme to tlie said river of Cnshenagg, three miles eastward of the same, with all the profits and betiefits within the said tract, with all the rivers, creeks, meadows, necks, and islands that lye in or before the same, and from the sea upward to go so high that the English may not be annoyed by the hunting of the Indians in any sort of tlieir cattle. And I, Wesanieqneo, and Wamsntta, do promise to re- move all the Indians within a year from the date Iiereof that do live in the said tract. And we, the said Wesameqnenand Wanisutta, have fully bargained and sold unto the aforesaid Mr. William Bradford, Captain Standish, Thomas Southwurth, John Winslow, John Cooke, and the rest of their associates, the purchasers or old-comers, to have and to hold for them and tlieir heirs and assigns forever. -\nd in consideration hereof, we the above-mentioned are to pay to the said Wesamequen and Wam- flutta as followeth: thirlif t/artU of cloth, eutht moose'Skins, fifteen axes, fifteen hoes, Jif teen pair of breeches, eight blankets, two kettles, one cloak, £2 in wiiinpan, eight pair stockings, eight p(iir of shoes, one iron pot, and ten shillings in another commoditie. And in witness hereof we have inter- changeably set to our hands the day and year above written. " In presence of "John Winslow, "J0NATH.1N Shaw, "John Cook, "Samuel Eddy, " Wamsutta. His mm mark." time to the year 1674, when Indian hostility leveled every habitation and drove every white inhabitant from the territory, the two Johns, situated at the ter- mini of a line drawn diagonally across the town, con- tinued to discharge the duties of attending to the in- terests of the good people of Dartmouth in the councils of the colony. Burdensome, doubtless, to these distant settlers was the task of attending to the affairs of state at Plymouth, and it was found necessary in those good old times to impose upon any person chosen to the office of Governor who should refuse to accept the same a fine of fwentij pounds. It may be with pro- priety supposed that the office of member of the Gen- eral Court was not sought after with much eagerness. These liardy pioneers in the wilderness well knew that althougli legislation was a very good thing in its place and not to be neglected, it was no substitute for the axe and the plow, the forge and the anvil, in the great w-ork of preparing the land to become a com- fortable and pleasant habitation. In the periods which intervened between the incor- poration of the town and its destruction by the natives, eleven years, John Russell was five years and John Cook six years the town's delegate to the court. For about three years there is a blank in the politi- cal annals of Dartmouth. A year or two after the close of the war with Metacom the old town again comes upon the stage, and the reappearance of Rus- sell and Cook in their old places in the court-house at Plymouth conveys the double information of the re-settleraent of the territory and the continued popu- larity of the men who had shared between them all the honor of representing the people. It was in 1679 that Dartmouth had so far recovered from the devastation of the war as to be called upon to send a delegate to Plymouth. Cook was that year sent, and continued to occupy tlie post until 1682, when Russell was again elected. The next two years Cook sustains the burden, and then for the first time a new name is found upon the records of the Supreme Council as furnishing the Dartmouth quota of the assembled wisdom. For one year, 1685, Joseph Trijip was the represen- tative to the General Court. Russell does not again appear as a public man. John Russell, who with Iris father, Ralph Russell, and Anthony Slocum, operated the iron forge at Rus- sell's Mills, and whose death occurred in 1694, did not reside within the limits of the present city. His son Joseph was born in 1650, and during the war lived at the Apponagansett garrison, where his twin sons Josepli and John were born Nov. 22, 1679. He moved from the Apponagansett River to the Acushnet prior to 1711, and resided at what is now the corner of County and South Streets. Joseph Russell, born at the garrison, afterwards resided at what is now the corner of County and Bush Streets, where in my boy- hood stood the " little school-liouse," in whose yard 50 HISTORY OF BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. was the well used by this early settler. The title of the lands of the Russells was confirmed by Her Majes- ty's (Queen Anne's) justices of the Court of Quarter Sessions for the county of Bristol, May 25, 1711. The survey had been made by Benjamin Crane, who, under the "eight hundred acre division," established the original boundaries. The son of the last-named Joseph Russell, also named Joseph, was born on the 8th of October, 1719, and died on the 16th of October, 1804, aged eighty- five years. We may fairly consider this last-named Joseph Russell as the founder of New Bedford. He owned the tract of land bounded on the south by land of his brother Caleb, the division lines being midway between the present Bedford and Russell Streets, and on the north by land of Manasseh Kemp- ton, whose division line was between the present Elm and William Streets, and bounded easterly by the river. His homestead was on the County road, as it was called, between the present court-house and the residence of Mrs. Charles W. Morgan. He is described as " a man of great industry, prudence, and enterprise, and of strict integrity of character, a large farmer and extensive land-owner." He was also en- gaged in mercantile business, owning several vessels trading at Southern ports and the West Indies. He was the first to engage in the whale-fishery and to establish a sperm-oil factory in New Bedford. In 1686, Cook, for the twelfth time, was returned j as a delegate to the General Court. He was the last I representative sent by Dartmouth to Plymouth under the independent charter of the colony. For a short period the despotism of Sir Edmund Andros saved the people of the colony the necessity of any representation in the government. With his administration closed the political existence of Ply- mouth as an independent State. United with Mas- sachusetts, its history is mingled with that of this an- cient commonwealth. This was probably the end of Cook's political career, and it is most likely that the close of his earthly soon followed. In a confirmatory deed of William Bradford, Governor, in 1694, his name is not mentioned upon the list of proprietors. Both the others who had with him shared the rep- resentative honors of the town are named in the in- denture. Anthony Slocum was the companion and business associate of the founder of the town. This individual, whose descendants are numerous upon the territory of the ancient town of Dartmouth, and whose name was early given to a portion of that territory which it still retains, does not appear to have transmitted that name to posterity in connection with the occu- pancy of public station. Two of his descendants, however, were active in the aflairs of the town, — Holder Slocum, Sr. and Jr., father and son. The father is probably entitled to the notoriety of having been elected representative to the General Court a i greater number of times than any other individual i who ever was clothed with the honors of the oflBce. It is believed that for a period of nearly thirty years he was a member of the General Court of the com- monwealth. It is said that one year the good people of Dart- mouth decided to permit Squire Slocum to remain at home. This strange event in the history of the town, although it was no doubt well known to the person most interested, the rejected squire, was not in due form communicated to the old mare, the faithful ani- mal who for many years had annually borne to the metropolis her honored master, the able and popular representative of Dartmouth. The time for the meet- ing of the General Court drew near, and the well- trained and experienced companion of the Dartmouth legislator instinctively apprised of the fact, and not as usual feeling the weight of her master's portly person and well-lined saddle-bags upon her back, concluded there was some mistake in the matter, and w'ithout further parley or delay started for Boston. The town of Dartmouth was slow of growth. For the farmer it had few attractions. Much of the soil was poor, and it was long in recovering from the blow which was given to the settlement by the extermina- ting hostility of the Indians. Indian History. — In 1676 this locality was devas- tated by a cruel Indian war, full of barbarity and atrocity, carried on by King Philip, the younger brother of Wamsutta. Five years previous to this time the following agree- ment was made at the Dartmouth Indian encampment under date Sept. 4, 1671 : *' Mf.morandum. — That we, the Inth'ans living near alioiit tlie town of Dartmouth, in the jurisdiction of Ne\v,PIynioutii, wliose names are here underwritten, do freely own ourselves to be loyal suhjicLs to His Majesty of England, and to his Colony of New Plymouth; and do hereby sol- emnly engage onrselvesand ours to be subject to His Majesty's authority there established and to behave faithfully and friendly towards them; and that we will from time to time, if we hear of any malicious design aching against them, discover it to some of them with all speed; and that also that we shall be ready to afford them any assistjince against their enemies according to curability, even as we expect friendship and amity and protection from them. For the performance thereof we have hereunto set our bauds in the presence of " ASHAWANOMEETH. "NOMAN. (" Between 40 & 50f " Mainokum. Indians living near "Jeffrey. or in the town of 'Mames. Dartmouth.") "John, etc." The names of the Indians making this engagement are not given. Those annexed appear to have been the witnesses to the instrument. This engagement is important in its connection with two other events in the annals of the town, — the conveyance to Cook and others by Wasemequen and Wamsutta in 1654, and the infamous enslaving expatriation of the Dartmouth Indians in 1676. Here the right of the Indians, not- withstanding the stipulations of the gleed from the two chiefs to a residence upon the soil, is clearly recognized. All rights which the Indians may have had were NEW BEDFORD. 51 subsequently violated by the New Plymouth govern- ment, when one hundred and sixty of the sons of the soil were seized and sold into slavery. This act of treachery naturally aroused within the breast of the Indians feelings of most bitter hatred and deep-seated revenge. The rulers were unprepared to defend the colony against the storm which they had brought upon their heads. In their distress they again called upon Capt. Benj. Church, who had been treated by them with ingratitude, insult, and neglect, because he had dared to raise the voice of remonstrance and condemnation because of their treacherous act. He was, however, at length pacified. Tradition tells us that he wliittled himself into the belief that it was his duty to protect the settlement against the threatened destruction. Using a knife for some trifling purpose he cut his finger, and regarding this event as an indication of the will of Providence that he must lay aside all pri- vate aflairs and give himself up to the service of his country, he threw down his knife, and arming him- self, proceeded to Plymouth and took command of the forces of the colony. Having made a treaty with Awashuncks, the queen-sachem of the Yaconts, he succeeded in enlisting a number of her tribe into his company, and having obtained enlarged powers from the government he proceeded to a vigorous prosecu- tion of the war. It was near Horse Neck Beach that Capt. Church entered into the treaty with the Indian queen and her chiefs, and when, in pursuance with a previous arrangement, he came to visit the queen, he found large numbers of her people sporting upon the marble-like surface of the beach, some racing horses, some playing at foot-ball, and others fishing from the rocks. On one of his expeditions Church pursued his ene- mies into the Accushena territory. Having crossed the river, probably at the spot now called Acushnet village, he came in contact with a small band of the Saconet Indians, who had refused to become a party to the treaty made by their queen, and who had joined Philip in the contest that was then raging. The party were accompanied by Little Eyes and his family. He made the whole party prisoners, and refusing the ad- vice of his Indian allies to put Little Eyes to death, because that chief had once threatened the life of the English commander, he placed them all on an island in the Acushnet, and left Lightfoot to guard them. The island was probably that which was nearest to the shore. Fish Island, as this temporary place of confinement for ludian prisoners is now called, pre- sents at this time a very difl^erent aspect from what it did when Little Eyes and his companions in captivity were landed upon its shore, and looking upon the main, saw their conqueror and his party enter the forest which skirted the banks of the river, as he wended his way to the south on a visit to the fortified station at the head of the Aponegansett. They passed the night near Russell's orchard, which was in the vicinity of that place, and learned in the morning that a large party of Indian.s had the same night made the orchard their resting-place. Ascertaining the route they had taken, he retraced his steps to fol- low them. Coming to a cedar swamp, about three miles from their halting-place by the orchard, the forces were divided, and the ruins of John Cook's house at Accushena being agreed upon as the place of rendezvous, the two parties started in pursuit of the enemy. The company under the command of Church, which seems to have been composed entirely of English, soon fell in with and killed and captured sixty-six of the enemy. Church was now informed that his mighty foe Metacom was near, and that a party of Indians, consisting of more than one hun- dred, had passed across the river and marched down upon Sconticutt Neck. He then paddled over to the island where Lightfoot had been left with Little Eyes and his party, and there heard a confirmation of the fact that a large body of Indians had moved down the Neck. They were soon discovered returning from their excursion, and Church, concealing himself and his little band, escaped that destruction which would probably have been his fate had he been discovered and forced into a contest. Church now took his prisoners from the island and proceeded to Mattapoisett. There he halted and sent a messenger to the appointed place of rendezvous, the ruins of John Cook's house at Accushena, to ascertain the fate of his band of Indian allies. Here the sin- gular fact was ascertained that this party had killed or captured the same number (sixty-six) that had met with the same fate from the company under Church's immediate command. The Indians joined their commander and his party at Mattapoisett, from whence the whole body with their captives proceeded to Plymouth. Of the subsequent events of Philip's war we have no occasion to speak. Philip, broken- hearted by tlie captivity of his wife and son, fled be- fore the foe who was bent upon his destruction, and, surrounded in a swamp near his residence, was shot through the heart by an English soldier. This put an end to the conflict. Prisoners continued to be taken, and when they had all been disposed, either by being hung or shipped to Bermuda, the rulers and the fighting men rested from their labors, and the people of the land had peace. A portion of the town of Rochester, described as ex- tending from the westernmost side of Sippican River and southwestwards to Dartmouth bounds, was as- signed for the residence of the Indians who had not been engaged in hostilities against the colony. They were deprived of the right to bear arms, and strictly charged to confine themselves 'to the prescribed bounds of the territory which the clemency of the conquerors had assigned them for a habitation. After this time we have but little about the Indians. Their numbers rapidly decreased, and after the lapse of a few years only here and there a solitary individual 52 HISTORY OF BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS remained to tell the story of the good Massasoit, and the brave but unfortunate Metacom. Sarah Obadiah, an Indian woman with a most un- Indian-like name, was the last of the race who, upon the old territory of Dartmouth, lived after the primi- tive manner of her fathers. The costume of course was abandoned, but in a wigwam situated near the stone ship upon the rock, a spot in the south part of a village well known to most of the inhabitants, lived the last of the Dartmouth Indians. This was a fa- vorite locality of the Indians, and doubtless has been one of their much-loved hunting-grounds. CHAPTER VII. NEW BEDFORD.— ( Continued.) Persecution of llie Quakers—" Presented" for Non-attendance at Church Various Rule8 and Regulations— Punislnuents— Fine for Attending Quaker Meeting — Artliur Howiand fined for making " Motion of Mar- riage"— Tlie Keniptons— Other Early Settlers— The Russells— Pioneer Whaling— Early Localious— Joseljli Rotcb— Isaac Howlaud— Pliva- teers- View of the Village uiiou the Eve of its Destruction by the British. Among the orders of the court concerning the Quakers was the following : " If any person or persons called Quakers, or other such like vagabonds, shall come into any town in this government, the marshal or constable shall appre- hend him or them, and upon examining, .so appear- ing, he shall whip them, or cause them to be whipped, with rods so it exceeds not fifteen stripes, and to give him or them a pass to depart the government, and if they be found without the pass and not acting there- unto they shall be punished again as formerly; and in case tiie constable shall be unwilling to whip them, and cannot find any one to do it, they shall bring them to Plymouth to the under-marshal, and he shall inflict it." Another regulation says, " Whereas, by order of court, all free men of this corporation, as Quakers, or such as encourage them, or such as speak contemptu- ously of the laws thereof, or such as are judged by court grossly scandalous, as liars, drunkards, swearers, shall lose their freedom in this corporation." 1651. Ralph Allen, Sr., and wife, George Allen and wife, and William Allen are presented with others for not attending public worship according to law. Arthur Howiand, for not attending public wor- ship. This Arthur seems to have been a troublesome fellow to the strict Puritans of the colony. Ralph Allen and Richard Kirby are fined five pounds, or to be whipped, for vile sketches against ordinances. 1655. Sarah Kirby sentenced to be whipped for divers suspicious speeches. 1656, Sunday. Persons for meeting at the house of William Allen are summoned to answer for the mis- demeanor. 1656. Sarah Kirby whipped for disturbing public worship. 1657. Arthur Howiand, for permitting a Quaker meeting in his house, and for inviting such as were under government, children and others, to come to said meeting, was sentenced by the court to find se- curities for his good behavior; in case he should refuse he is fined four pounds. He refused to give bonds, and was fined. " The said Arthur Howiand, for resisting the constable of Marshfield in the exe- cution of his office, and abusing him in words by threatening speeches, is fined five pounds." And again, Arthur Howiand, for presenting a writing in court, which said writing, on the reading thereof, ap- peared to be of dangerous consequences, he owning it to be his own, and for making known the said writing to others, was sentenced by court to find securities for his good behavior. We have now another Howiand upon the stage. 1657. " Henry Howiand, for entertaining a meet- ing in his house, contrary to order of Court, is fined ten shillings." And still another, Loeth Howiand, " for speaking opprobriously of the ministers of God's word, is sentenced to set in the stocks for the space of an hour or during pleasure of Court, which was per- formed and so released paying the fees." 1657. Ralph Allen, Jr., and William Allen being summoned, appeared to answer for a tumultuous car- riage at a meeting of the Quakers at Sandwich ; their being admonished in that respect were cleared, not- withstanding irreverently carrying themselves before the court, coming in before them with their hats on, were fined twenty shillings apiece. Here is the case of the whipping and fining before spoken of, — 1658. H. Norton and John Rouse were sentenced to be whipped for coming into the jurisdiction con- trary to call. The sentence was executed. " The same day performed," is the language of the record, and the under-marshal requiring his fees they re- fused to pay them, and they were again returned to prison until they would pay. 1658. William Allen is fined forty shillings for en- tertaining Quaker meeting. About this time there was a part added — demanded, as says the record — because, among other things, "of the letting loose as a scourge upon us those gangrene-like doctrines and persons called Quakers." 1659. We now find upon the records the follow- ing: " The Court taking notice of sundry scandalous falsehoods in a letter of Isaac Robinson's tending greatly to the prejudice of this government and in- couragenient of those commonly called Quakers, and thereby liable according to law to disenfranchise- ment, yet we at present forbear the sentence until further inquiry." 1660. Daniel Butler for rescuing a strange Quaker was sentenced to be whipped. Joseph Allen fined ten shillings for attending a Quaker meeting. Here we NEW BEDFORD. 53 have some wholesale operations, — twenty-five persons were fined ten shillings each for attending Quaker meeting, and among them were Joseph, Benjamin, William, and Matthew Allen, Richard Kirhy and Richard Kirhy {2d), and Daniel and Obadiah Butler. 1661. The obstinate Rowlands are again intro- duced. Henry Howland for entertaining a Quaker meeting in his house is twice fined four pounds. Loath Howland breaks the Sabbath and is fined ten shil- lings. 1662. Another Howland Sabbath-breaker. Sam- uel Howland, having no meal in the house, went to the mill and took home his grist. Fined ten shill- ings, or the whip. 1664. Arthur Howland is again in difficulty. But it is not for new heresy of opinion that he is brought before the magnates of the land. The following is the record : " Arthur Howland, for inveighling Mistress Elizabeth Prince and making motion of marriage to her, and prosecuting the .same contrary to her parents' liking and without their consent and directly contrary to their mind and will, was sen- tenced to pay a fine of five pounds, and to find secur- ities for his good behavior, and in special that he desist from the use of any means to obtain or retain her affections as aforesaid." He paid his fine, a pretty heavy one for those days, and gave the bonds required by the sentence of the court. " Arthur Howland acknowledges to owe unto our sovereign lord the king the sum of fifty dollars; John Duncan, the sum of twenty-five dollars ; Timothy Williams, the sum of twenty-five dollars. The condition that whereas the said Arthur Howland hath disorderly and unrighteously endeavored to obtain the affections of Mistress Elizabeth Prince, against the mind and will of her parents. If, therefore, the said Arthur Howland shall for the future refrain and desist from the use of any means to obtain or retain her affections as aforesaid, and appear at the court of His Majesty, to be holden at Plymouth the first Tuesday in July next, and in the mean time be of good behavior to- wards our sovereign lord the king and all his liege people, and not depart the said court without license, that then, etc." The next year we find him again before the court, and again coming under a solemn agreement no fur- ther to offend in the premises. Early in the history of the colony we find the name of Kempton. Manasseh and Julia Kempton are entered upon the records as sharing in the allotment of the cattle in 1627. These were the ancestors of the |)resent Keniptons, and the name of Manasseh Kempton is included among the proprietors of the town of Dartmouth in the confirmatory deeds from Governor Bradford in the year 1694. In that docu- ment are the names of all the families mentioned, and many others which always have been and still are the most common in this vicinity, — John Russell, Manasseh Kempton, Benjamin Howland, John Spooner, Arthur Hathaway, Samuel Allen, Joseph Tripp, William Shearman, Joseph Taber, Seth Pope, and Jonathan Delano. Peleg Slocum and Abraham Tucker are names which in the four towns of West- port, Dartmouth, New Bedford, and Fairhaven are familiar to all the inhabitants. In the first part of the eighteenth century we find the Russell famil}' upon the soil of New Bedford. At what time he came is not known, but it was pre- vious to the year 1711, when the Allen and Kemp- ton families, which at the opening of what we may call the local history of New Bedford, shared with the Russells a large part of the town and all the territory of the village. History is almost silent respecting the affairs of Dartmouth from the date of Governor Bradford's ad- ministration to the commencement of the war of the Revolution. About the middle of the eighteenth century a large portion of the lands now occupied by the village of New Bedford was in the possession of two families, the Russells on the south and the Keniptons on the north. To Joseph Russell, son of the first settler John, and to Manasseh Kempton, Her Majesty's I Queen Anne) justices of the Quarter Sessions for the county of Bristol gave confirmatory deeds of their re- spective estates dated May 25, 1714. Russell was bounded by a line near Clarke's Cove on the south, and Kempton by a line near Smith Street; the divi- ding line was between William and Elm Streets. The occupants of the territory north and south of these boundaries it is impossible to ascertain. Subse- quently we find the Aliens holding the land from the cove, the southern boundary of Russell, to the ex- tremity of Clarke's Point, and the Willis family join- ing the Kempton on the north. Beyond this were found the Peckhams and Hathaways. The inhabit- ants were all farmers with the exception of the Rus- sells. Joseph Russell, son of Joseph Russell, Sr., and grandfather of the present generation, early embarked in the whaling business. His ships of forty or fifty tons went as far as our Southern coast on their voy- ages of six weeks' duration. At the same time, 1751, there were several vessels engaged in the same pur- suit i'rom the Apongansett River. Daniel Wood, a name not unfamiliar to the New Bedford people in connection with whaling operations, was at that time the owner of some small vessels in the business, and at that period the Acushnet had to give precedence to the Aponegansett as far as whaling was concerned. At that period a little wharf extending from the shore near the foot of what is now known as Centre Street, and a shed-like erection which was used for trying the blubber brought in by the little craft in their six weeks' excursion upon the " summer sea," were all the indications of commercial operations which our territory exhibited. That little shed was the only buildinjr in what we now denominate the village that M HISTORY OP BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. •was then standing except the farm-houses of the Aliens, the Enssells, the Kemptons, and the Willis, which were all situated upon the county road. From this house, which from its elevated situation on the county road overloolced the forest which covered the whole intervening space between the road and the shore, the first of the Bedford whaling merchants could take an extensive view of the waters of the bay and the river, and when, shooting in by Hap's Hill, he discovered his sloop pointing her bows towards the harbor, he could be seen wending his way towards the little wharf over the cart-path, which was then the only way of reaching the water. The blubber landed, the thick column of smoke which rose above the street which skirted the shore gave notice to the inhabitants on the heights that one of Joseph Rus- sell's whalemen had arrived from a successful voyage. All the purchasers of land from Joseph Russell pre- vious to the year 1664 were mechanics. John Louden, a ship-carpenter, bought the first lot disposed of by Mr. Russell from his homestead. This was in the year 1760. The next year he built a house, which was situated a few rods south of the four corners, and his ship-yard was on the east side of the way. Un- fortunately for him, and unfortunately for his descend- ants, he choose an easier mode of life and converted his dwelling into a tavern. He was the Boniface of the village when it was visited by the British ; his house was burnt, and he returned to his native town of Pembroke. The same year another mechanic followed Louden. He had formerly been a dweller upon the soil, prob- ably in the north part of the Dartmouth settlement, but had b"eea,to Nantucket, and had there been initi- ated, in the langliage of the indenture, "into the art, trade, and mystery of building whale-boats." His name was Benjamin Taber, and was beloved by all who knew him as a worthy and venerable member and elder of the Society of Friends, and a most upright and valuable citizen. Many of his descendants are still here. The young boat-builder from Nantucket took the old liouse by the river-side and moved it up the hill. It was the far-seeing policy of Mr. Russell to en- courage such men to settle upon his territory, and accordingly we find the next settler to be a mechanic. He was a carpenter by the name of John Allen, and pur- chased a lot on tlie south side of what was formerly called Prospect Street. It was the corner of Union and Water Streets, extending from the last-named street to the water, and included the site now and for many years past occupied by the tavern. Gideon Mosher, another mechanic, purchased opposite to him on the north, his land l)eing that which extends from the " shop of the apothecary to the shore." This he afterwards sold to Benjamin Taber, next north of Louden. Elmethan Sampson, a blacksmith, made a purchase, and gave for a lot eight rods in length and fourrods wide the sum of six pounds thirteen shillings and four pence lawful currency. Thus was the infant settlement begun by industrious and enterprising me- chanics. North and east the lot 6f Sampson was bounded by ways left for streets. An important event now took place in the history of the new settlement. This was the arrival among the settlers of Joseph Rotch, and he in one sense fur- nished no exception to the class who laid the founda- tion of this thriving community. He had been a mechanic, and animated by a spirit of adventure he left his residence in one of the inland towns of Mas- sachusetts while yet a minor, passed through the Dartmouth territory, and took up his abode at Nantucket. Engaging with characteristic zeal and energy in that pursuit to which the people of the island, and in which, before the war of the Revolu- tion, they outstripped every other community in the world, he soon saw the many disadvantages under which the operations of business was carried on from that place. An examination of the neighboring har- bors satisfied him of the superiority of the settlement at Bedford, and in the year 16(5.5 he transferred his business from Nantucket to the banks of the Acush- net. Having obtained a " local habitation" he gave the new settlement a name. It had arrived at a de- gree of importance which entitled it to a distinctive" appellation, and out of compliment to the original proprietor he called the new village Bedford. To understand in what way this could be construed into a compliment to the Russells the fact must be known that the family name of the Duke of Bedford was Russell. Had he called the rising village Rus- sell it would have doubtless been more grateful, as it would have been more just, and the associations which are connected with the historical recollections of the name of Russell are not dependent for their interest upon the title at that time borne by that branch of the nobility of England. Joseph Rotch made a large purchase of land of his Russell namesake. One lot comprised ten acres of what is now and always has been a portion of the most valuable real estate of the town. He built the house immediately north of the apotliecary-shop, at the corner of Bethel Court and Union Street, aud another on the spot now occupied by a house owned by William Rotch, Jr., nearly opposite the Merchants' Bank. The last-named house was among those burnt by the British. W. Rotch engaged largely in the whaling business, and under the influence which his capital and enterprise gave to the operations of the town it rapidly grew in population and importance. But these bright prospects were soon overcast. The war of the Revolution found the infant settle- ment with their vessels upon the ocean and their business wholly at the mercy of the naval superiority of the mother-country. Joseph Rotch returned to Nantucket, and with the commencement of the con- test for independence all the business operations of the community were brought to an end. At this time NEW BEDFORD. 55 the number of inhabitants had increased, and their dwelling-houses and places of business covered an extent of territory which gave the town the appear- ance of thrift and opulence. Besides the stores of the merchants and traders and the work-shops of the mechanics, a " rope-walk" had been established in the south part of the town, a distillery occupied a site near the Louden ship-yard, upon the lot now covered by the stone buildings of Howland & Co., and a spermaceti establishment, whose operations were as carefully guarded from the eye of the multi- tude, and were under the immediate care of Chaffee, who had been sent from Boston to carry on the mys- terious movement, was situated on a lane which is now known as Centre Street. Another important ac- cession of capital and business qualities had been made by the coming to the settlement of Isaac How- land, who, moving here from Newport, brought witli him the means and the enterprise so much needed iu every new undertaking. His house was situated on Union Street, and when erected was by far the most elegant and costly which had been built in the town. It occupied the land now taken forCheapside, fronting on Union Street. It was built of brick and was three stories high. W. Howland was the proprietor of the distillery. John Howland, one of the Dartmouth settlers, moved to this place as early as 1G65. Such was the condition of New Bedford when the opening of the drama of the Revolution cut them off from that field of operations — the ocean — upon which they so exclusively depended for support. The stories which come to us of the destitution which fell to the lot of many of the fathers of this community almost surpass belief. Thus ruined in business, and without the means of a comfortable subsistence, the inhab- itants of the village could do nothing but quietly await the course of events. As they were mostly Quakers, they could not, consistently with the peace- able tradition of the sect, enter into the contest either in person or in feeling, and in that way to some ex- tent neutralize those uncomfortable reflections which tlie loss of property and the breaking up of their hon- est and wealth-conferring industry was calculated to produce. But whatever may have been the result to the personal operations of the merchants and me- chanics of the town, it was soon evident that the appearance of activity and bustle in the harbor was destined to be greatly increased. The facility with which this harbor could be ap- proached soon attracted hither a large number of the American privateers, and in a short time the waters of the Acushnet were covered with these crafts, whose appearance at that time, as it did during tlie second contest with Great Britain, gave such grievous offense to peaceably-disposed followers of George Fox, who made up so large a proportion of the inhabitants. The prizes, too, of these vessels were continually sent to this port, as well as many captured by the American and French vessels of war, and while the Acushnet was covered with craft of this description, the store-houses and dwelling-houses, and even the barns and rope-walks, were filled with the valuable cargoes which had been discharged from them. Rum, gin, brandy, and wine, hemp and sail-cloth, dry- goods and sugars, the produce of every soil was crammed into every vacant room which could be found in the village. Purchasers and consignees, owners of privateers and merchants from all quarters were mingled with the officers and crews of both the captured and capturing vessels, so that the streets of the village and the house of entertainment kept by Louden presented a sight as novel as it was disagree- able to the peace-loving citizens. Such was the con- dition of things when, on the 5th day of September, 1778, it was rumored that a British fleet had been seen directing its course towards the Acushnet. CHAPTER VIII. NEW BEDFORD.— {Cuntinued.) WAR or THE EEVOLUTION.i New Beiifurd a Reiuiezvous for Privateers — Arrival of the British Fleet — Biiriiint: of the Village— Gen. Charles Grey's otHcial Report — Ac- count by Judge Edward Pope — Elijah Macomber's Account — Remi- niscences of John Gilbert — Reminiscences collecred by Capt. Lemuel S. Aiken — Statement of Charles Grinnell — List of Property Destroyed — Some Doubtful Points — The Extent of the Calamity — Personal Sketches — Gen. Grey's Life and Character — Facts and Incidents. On the 5th of September, 1778, a hostile British fleet landed upon these shores, destroyed the shipping, and burned the town. The British acted in the matter, there is no doubt, from motives of retaliation and punishment, rather than for purposes of plunder. The same expedi- tion afterward proceeded to Martha's Vineyard and carried off large numbers of cattle, with a consider- able sum of money, but there is no account of any property being carried away from Bedford, as the vil- lage was then called. Our harbor had from the be- ginning of the war been noted as a rendezvous for privateers, and the damage inflicted upon English commerce by the whalemen of Dartmouth had ex- cited the deepest resentment. As early as May, 1775, but a few weeks after the battle of Lexington, the British cruiser " Falcon" had captured in the bay three vessels belonging to Sandwich. A schooner was fitted out from here under the command of Capt. Egery, which recaptured two of these vessels with fifteen British officers and sailors. The privateer " Providence," whose name is associated with many brilliant naval achievements, had her rendezvous here. She was a sloop of about ninety tons, and at one time, it is said, she was under the command of John Paul Jones. Her most famous exploit, under 1 By B. F. H, Reed. 56 HISTORY OF BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Capt. Hacker, was with His Majesty's brig "Dili- gence," of eighteen guns, wliich she captured and brought into our harbor after a most determined and bloody engagement. Maj.-Gen. Grey, under orders from Sir Henry Clin- ton, at New York, arrived in the bay and anchored oflf Clarke's Point about noon of Saturday, Sept. 5, 1778, with two frigates, a brig-of-war, and some thirty- six transports, with about five thousand men. The main body of troops was landed on the shore of Clarke's Cove that afternoon, and marched in the course of the night past the Head of the River, and passing on a road east of the village of Fairhaven direct to Scon- ticut Neck, the troops re-enibarked and were all on board the fleet again before Sunday noon, the 6th. On the march a detachment turned to the eastward from County down Union Street, which when first laid out was called King Street, and burned the stores and many other buildings near the foot of the street, and the shipping at the wharves. A good many of the vessels destroyed were prizes, and large amounts of prize goods were burned. Another party pro- ceeded to McPherson's wharf, at Belleville, and de- stroyed the shipping there. There was a fort where Fort Pha?nix now stands, and the garrison spiked the guns and retreated, and the fort was blown up by the British. The next night a party landed at Fairhaven, and was driven off by the troops who had collected under command of Maj. Israel Fearing. We give a number of accounts of the raid by eye- witnesses, commencing with the report made to his commanding officer. Gen. Sir Henry Clinton, by Gen. Charles Grey : "Sir, — In the evening of the 4th inst. the fleet, with the detachment under my command, sailed from New London, and stood to the eastward with a very favorable wind. We were only retarded in the run from thence to Buzzard's Bay by the altering our course for some hours in the night, in conse- quence of the discovery of a strange fleet, which was not known to be Lord Howe's until morn- ing. By five o'clock in the afternoon of the 6th the ships were at anchor in Clarke's Cove, and the boats having been previously hoisted out, the debarkation of the troops took place immediately. I proceeded without loss of time to destroy the vessels and stores in the whole extent of Acushnet River (about six miles), particularly at Bedford and Fairhaven; and having dismantled and burnt a fort on the east side of the river mounting eleven pieces of heavy cannon, with a magazine and barracks, completed the re-em- barkation before noon the next day. I refer your Excellency to the annexed return for the enemy's losses, as far as we were able to ascertain them, and for our own casualties. " The w-ind did not admit of any further movement of the fleet the Gth and 7th than hauling a little dis- tance from the shore. Advantage was taken of this circumstance to burn a large privateer ship on the stocks, and to send a small armament of boats, with two galleys, to destroy two or'three vessels which, being in the stream, the troops had not been able to set fire to. " From the difficulties in passing out of Buzzard's Bay into the Vineyard Sound, through Quickse's Hole, from head winds, the fleet did not reach Holmes' Hole Harbor, in the island of Martha's Vineyard, until the 10th. The transports, with the light infantry, grenadiers, and Thirty-third Regiment, were anchored without the harbor, as I had at that time a service in view for those corps while the busi- ness of collecting cattle should be carrying on upon the island. I was obliged by contrary winds to relin- quish my design. " On our arrival off the harbor the inhabitants sent persons on board to ask my intentions with respect to them, to whom a requisition was made of the arms of the militia, the public money, three hundred oxen, and ten thousand sheep. They promised each of these articles should be delivered without delay. I afterw^ards found it necessary to send small detach- ments into the island and detain the deputed inhab- itants for a time in order to accelerate their com- pliance with the demand. " The 12th I was able to embark on board the ves- sels, which arrived that day from Rhode Island, six thousand sheep and one hundred and thirty oxen. " The 13th and 14th were employed in embarking cattle and sheep on board our own fleet, in destroy- ing some salt-works, in burning or taking in the inlets what vessels and boats could be found, and in re- ceiving the arms of the militia. I here again refer your Excellency to returns. " On the 15th the fleet left Martha's Vineyard, and after sustaining, the next day, a very severe gale of wind, arrived the 17th at Whitestone without any material damage. " I hold myself much obliged to the commanding ofiicers of corps and to the troops in general for the alacrity with which every service was performed. " I have the honor to be, etc., "Charles Gkey, J1/.(?." " Return of killed, wounded, and. missiw/ of the detach- ment under the command of Maj. Gen.- Grey. " 1st battalion of light infantry — 1 wounded, 3 miss- ing. " 1st battalion grenadiers — 1 killed, 1 wounded, 3 missing. "33d regiment — 1 missing. ■' 42d regiment— 1 wounded, 8 missing. " 46th regiment — 1 missing. "64th regiment — 1 wounded. "Total — 1 killed, 4 wounded, 16 missing. "The enemy's loss, which came to our knowledge, was an oflicer and 3 men killed by the advanced par- ties of light infantry, who, on receiving a fire from the inclosures, rushed on w^th their bayonets. Six- NEW BEDFORD. 57 teen were brought prisoners from Bedford, to exchange for that number missing from the troops. "Charles Grey, M.G." "Return of vessels and stores destroyed on Afushnet River the bth of September, 1778. " 8 sail of large vessels, from 200 to 300 tons, most of them prizes. " 6 armed vessels, carrying from 10 to IG guns. " A number of sloops and schooners of inferior size, amounting in all to 70, besides whale-boats and others ; amongst the prizes were three taken by Count D'Estaing's fleet. " 26 store-houses at Bedford, several at McPherson's wharf, Crane's Slills.and Fairhaven ; these were filled with very great quantities of rum, sugar, molasses, cotTee, tobacco, cotton, tea, medicines, gunpowder, sail-cloth, cordage, etc. " Two rope-walks. "At Falmouth, in the Vineyard Sound, the IQth of Sep- tember, 1778. " 2 sloops and one schooner taken by the galleys, 1 loaded with staves. " 1 sloop burnt. "In Old Town Harbor, 3Iartha's Vineyard. "1 brig of 150 tons burthen, burnt by the'Scor- \ pion.' " 1 schooner of 70 tons burthen, burnt by ditto. " 23 whale-boats taken or destroyed. " A quantity of plank taken. "At Holmes' Hole, Martha's Vineyard. " 4 vessels, with several boats, taken or destroyed. I " A salt-work destroyed, and a considerable quan- tity of salt taken. "Anns taken at Martha's Vineyard. " 338 stand, with bayonets, pouches, etc., some pow- der, and a quantity of lead, as by artillery return. "At the battery near Fairhaven, and on Clarke's Point. " 13 pieces of ordnance destroyed, the magazine blown up, and the platforms, etc., and barracks for 200 men burnt. " £1000 sterl. in paper, the amount of a tax col- lected by authority of the Congress, was received at Martha's Vineyard from the collector. " Cattle and sheep taken from Martha's Vineyard. "300 oxen. 10,000 .sheep. "Charles Grey, M.O." "Return of ammunition, armx, ami accoutrements, etc., which were brought in by the niilltia on the island of Martha's Vineyard agreeable to Maj.- Gen. Grey's order, received at Holmes' Cove, Sept. 12, 13, and 14, 1778. "Tisbury — 132 firelocks, 16 bayonets, 44 cartridge- boxes or pouches, 11 swords or hangers, 22 powder- horns. " Chilmark — 2 halbuts, 127 firelocks, 20 bayonets, 30 cartridge-boxes or pouches, 12 swords or hangers, 40 powder-horns, 2 pistols, 1 drum. " Old Town — 129 firelocks, 14 bayonets, 3 cartridge- boxes, 2 swords or hangers, 9 powder-horns, 2 pistols. " Total— 2 halbuts, 388 firelocks, 49 bayonets, 77 cartridge-boxes or pouches, 2.5 swords or hangers, 71 powder-horns, 4 pistols, 1 drum. " N. B. — 1 barrel, 1 half-barrel and quarter-barrel of powder, a great number of lead-shot or balls of difl'erent sizes in bags and boxes, and a great many flints. David Scott, "Royal Reg. of Artillery." Accotmt by Judge Edward Pope. — " While the town was in this flourishing state the British troops, to the amount of four thousand, landed on the west side of Clarke's Neck and at Clarke's Cove on Saturday even- ing, the 5th of September, 1778, and marched round to the Head of the River, over the bridge, and down the east side into Sconticut Neck, leaving the villages of Fairhaven and Oxford on the right, burning on their way houses, mills, barns, etc. They encamped on Scon- ticut Neck until Monday, and then re-embarked on board their shipping. The succeeding night they attempted to laud a large number of troops at Fair- haven, in order to burn that village ; but being dis- covered by Maj. Israel Fearing {now brigadier-gen- eral), who had the command of about one hundred or one hundred and fifty men, and determined to save the place if possible, or lose his life in the atttempt, and placed himself and men behind houses and stores near where he supposed they would land, and suffered them to reach the shore with their boats before a mus- ket was discharged, and they were then in great num- bers beginning to land, and had set fire to two or three stores within fifty or one hundred yards of Maj. Fear- ing and his men, who then fired upon them, and by the screechings and track of blood afterwards discov- ered, supposed many were killed and wounded. They immediately retreated aboard their ships, taking their dead and wounded with them. Thus, by the bravery of one man, that village was preserved." Account by Elijah Macomber. — "The fort below Fairhaven village was garrisoned at the time by Capt. Timothy Ingraham, Lieut. Daniel Foster, and thirty- six non-commissioned officers and privates, making a total of thirty-eight men. There were eleven or twelve pieces of cannon mounted in the fort and about twenty-five casks of powder in the magazine, twenty ca.sks having been procured a few days previous from the commissary store in Bedford, which was kept by Philip and Leonard Jarvis, brothers. " About one o'clock p.m. Worth Bates, who lived at a place on the Bedford side called McPherson's Wharf, and who had that day been out fishing, landed at the fort in his boat and informed the cap- tain that a British fleet was in the bay and nearly up Willi the point. In a few moments they made their appearance by the point. The larger ships sailed up 58 HISTORY OF BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. the river and anchored off abreast the fort. About one-half or more of the smaller vessels anchored off Clarke's Point, and the remainder dropped in to the east of the larger vessels and commenced embarking troops in a small cove a short distance to the east of the fort, behind a point of wood and under cover of the guns of the larger vessels. The fleet consisted of thirty-six sail. Immediately upon discovering them three guns were fired from the fort to alarm the coun- try, and a dispatch sent to Howland's Ferry for rein- forcements. The debarkation of the British troops commenced about two o'clock, both to the eastward of the fort and at Clarke's Cove. A company of artil- lery from Boston, consisting of about sixty men, under the command of Capt. (James) Cushman, was stationed at the head of Clarke's Cove, which upon the landing of the British fell back and retreated to the head of the Acushnet River. (James) Metcalf was first lieutenant of this company, and was shot during the night at Acushnet village. William Gordon, of this town, was second lieutenant and was taken pris- oner by the British, but made his escape before he arrived at the Head of Acushnet. The troops con- tinued to debark from the transports lying east of the fort until night, but neither their movements nor the motions of those landed at the cove could be seen from the fort. " Not long after dark the detachment from the cove commenced the work of destruction. The first build- ings discovered in flames were the rope-walks of (owner unknown) and the distillery belonging to Isaac Howhind, father of the late Isaac Rowland, Jr. Soon after all the stores, warehouses, some barns and dwelling-houses, together with every vessel they could get at, were in flames. There was a large number of vessels in the harbor at the time, a large English ship having been brought in a prize by the French a few days previous and then lying at Rotch's wharf, as well as several otliers a short time before. Every vessel was burnt, excepting those lying in the stream, which they could not get at, and a small craft somewhere up the river. The number of vessels destroyed was sev- enty. Among the dwelling-houses burnt was (Joseph) Rotcli's and Isaac Howland's. " A little before nine o'clock, or between eight and nine, and after some of the vessels which had been set on fire on the Bedford side had drifted down towards the fort, the detachment which landed on the east side advanced upon the fort from the eastward. Two guns were fired at the Heet, and after spiking the guns the garrison retreated to the north, leaving their colors flying. The British, supposing the fort to be still garrisoned, opened a heavy fire upon it with their artillery, which soon ceased upon not being returned. The garrison were at this time ranged along a low wall a short distance to the north of the fort, waiting to discover the exact position of the enemy, in order to make their retreat successfully. They were soon discovered by the British, who fired upon them and wounded a man by the name of Robert Crossraan. A ball passed through one virist and across the other. A hasty retreat was then commenced, and the enemy not knowing the exact position and strength of the Americans, did not make a vigorous pursuit. The whole garrison, with the exception of the wounded man and two others, John Skiff and his father, who were taken prisoners, succeeded in making their escape to the woods at some little distance north of Fair- haven, where they lay through the night, and until the British had passed them from the Head of the River. Before the fort was evacuated, a train of pow- der was placed from the magazine to the platform. The British, upon entering, after destroying the ram- rods, sponges, etc., applied a slow match to the maga- zine, which, communicating with the train left by the garrison, was blown up sooner than was intended, de- stroying one man, — at least the fragments of whose gun, cap, and accoutrements were afterwards discov- ered near by. After burning the barracks, guard- house, etc., the detachment moved north, destroying vessels, stores, etc., and formed a junction with the detachment from the west side somewhere towards the Head of Acushnet, after which they marched down towards the fort. They were out all night. The next day they re-embarked near the fort. "The leading platoons of the detachment on the west side of the river fired upon three men, who were armed, near the house of Joseph Russell (father of Gilbert, Abraham, and Humphrey), two of whom were shot down. These men were Abraham Russell, about forty years of age ; Thomas Cook, a young man who lived with him ; and Diah Trafford, about twenty-three years of age. The British advancing rapidly upon them with fixed bayonets, they begged for quarter, which was refused. Russell was killed immediately, his head being entirely cut to pieces. Cook died about daylight; his bowels were ripped open. Trafford was shot through the leg and severely wounded in the ab- domen by a bayonet. He died the next day about ten o'clock, after making some statements relative to the death of his companions. They were all carried into Joseph Russell's house in the morning. "The prisoners taken stated, when they were re- leased, that the troops which landed on the east side were delayed some hours, in consequence of their light-horse and artillery becoming entangled in a marsh which lay at the head of the cove when they landed. This accounts for their delay in making an attack upon the fort. " On the night following the general attack, a num- ber of barges were discovered coming up the river, which were fired upon and driven back by the force which by this time had assembled at Fairhaven, a detachment having, I think, arrived from Howland's Ferry, and a body of militia from Middleborough, making several hundred. It was supposed that their object was plunder, and that the expedition was not ordered by any of the general officers. NEW BEDFORD. 59 " I returned to the fort in two or three days, as did the rest of the garrison. "William Tallman's father was taken prisoner. Several prisoners were taken at Acushnet village. " The American prisoners, on their return, reported that the whole force of the British was about five thousand five hundred. This, it is presumed, included the number composing the crew of the several vessels. " The detachment on the west side must have nearly reached the Head of the lliver before the fort was evacuated. Both detachments had artillery, and I think light horse. " Obed Cusliman was here with the militia next day ; says he was in the sloop ' Providence' awhile, all cut to pieces during her last cruise. " Isaac Howland stated his loss in shipping to be six thousand dollars." John Gilberts Account. — " On the 5th of September, 1778, in the afternoon, the British fleet arrived off Clarke's Point. It consisted of two frigates, an eigh- teen-gun brig, and about thirty-six transports. The latter were small ships. The two frigates and brig anchored opposite the mouth of the Acushnet River, and a little below the point. The transports were anchored outside the Great Ledge, and opposite the mouth of the cove. The troops, including light-horse, artillery, etc., were landed in barges. The landing was completed a little before night, near where the present almshouse stands, and the troops arrived at the head of Main Street (now Union) about dusk. A part of the troops here wheeled to the right and passed down Main Street for the purpose of burning the town, while the remainder continued their march to the north on the county road. There were not, at that time, more than fifteen able-bodied men in the place, every person that could leave having gone to rein- force the American army on Rhode Island, where at that very time they were engaged, the cannon being distinctly heard here. I was at that time an appren- tice to Joseph Russell, the father of Abraham Russell, and had been sent for a horse to carry my mistress to some place of safety. On my return she had gone, as also the goods from the house, but Peace Akins was there (a connection of the family), whom I was di- rected to carry with me. The house stood at the jires- ent corner of County and Morgan Streets, and a little within the fence on the southeast corner of Charles W. Morgan's lot. By this time the British had appeared in sight. I was upon the horse by the side of the horse-block, urging Mrs. Akins to be quick in getting ready. She, however, made some little delay by re- turning into the house for sometliing, and before she had time to get up behind me four light-horsemen passed us, but without paying us any particular atten- tion. Whilst the head of the British column was passing us, and whilst Peace was in the very act of getting upon the horse, a soldier came up, and seizing the horse's bridle commanded me to get off. I nu\de no reply, but by reining the horse suddenly round knocked him down, which left me perfectly at liberty, and headed to the north. The troops occupied nearly the whole of the road, leaving, however, a small space on the west side between them and the wall. Through this open space I attempted to pass by, urging my horse at the top of his speed, but before I had gone five rods a whole platoon was fired at me, without hitting either myself or horse. These were the first guns fired by the British. The troops now opened from the centre to close the space next the wall, which reduced me to the necessity of passing through the centre of the remaining platoons. This I effected without injury, in consequence of the speed of my horse, and being so mixed up with the troops as to prevent their firing. About twenty feet in advance of the leading platoon were placed two men with fixed bayonets as an advanced guard. They were about six feet apart, and as I advanced from the rear they both faced about and presented their pieces, which I think were snapped at me, —they did not fire. I passed through between them and made my escape, turning up the Smith Mills road. I went to Timothy Maxfield's, about one and a half miles, and stayed all night. "I afterwards learned that upon my leaving P. Akins on the horse-block, some British oflicers rode up and assured her that if she remained perfectly quiet nothing should injure her. She remained in this situation until the troops had passed and the officers left her, when she went over to the east side of the road. "The four horsemen who first passed us on the horse-block went into the house and plundered two men whom they found there, the goods having been already conveyed back. These men were Humphrey Tallman and Joseph Trafford, who worked for Joseph Ru.ssell. "As I passed up the Smith Mills road, and about one-fourth of a mile from the county road, I met William Haydon and Oliver Potter, both armed with muskets, who inquired where the main body of the British then were. I told them they were nearly square against us. LI'pon receiving this information they cut across the woods, and, as I was afterwards told, came out a little in advance of the British, and near the west end of the present North Street. The woods were very thick on the west side of County Street at this place, and under cover of night and these woods Haydon and Potter fired upon the sol- diers and killed two horsemen. This I was told by Haydon and Potter, and also by the American pris- oners on their return home, who saw them put into the baggage-wagon. "A few minutes after these men were shot, Abra- ham Rus-ell, Thomas Cook, and Diah Traflbrd, all being armed, were discovered by the British attempt- ing to leave the village by coming up a cross-way into County Street. When at the corner of this way with County Street, or nearly so, they were fired upon by tiO HISTORY OF BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. the British and all shot down. TrafFord was twenty- one years old, lacking fourteen days, and was in the employment of Joseph Russell, with whom I then lived. He was shot through the heart and died instantly. After that his face was badly cut to pieces by the sabres of the British. Cook also worked for Russell by the month, and was nearly forty years of age. He was shot through the leg, and also through the bowels, the bullet passing through his bladder. He died about daylight next morning. Russell was about forty years of age. He died about ten o'clock next morning, at the house of Joseph Russell, where they were all carried, after remaining in the road where they were shot all night. Russell and Cook were buried in Dartmouth ; Trafford was buried on a hill by the shore, a little north of the old rope- walk in this town. This was a sort of potter's field, where sailors were buried. The land belonged to Joseph Russell. " A company of artillery, consisting of about eighty privates, had been sent from Boston for the protection of the place. The building occupied by them as bar- racks was the poor-house, which stood near the pres- ent site of Pliilip Anthony's dwelling-house. It was a long, low building, and has since been pulled down. The company was commanded by Capt. James Gush- ing, of Boston. Joseph Bell, of Boston, was first lieutenant; William Gordon, of Boston, second lieu- tenant, and James Metcalf, of Boston, third lieu- tenant. The latter was mortally wounded by the British during the night at Acushnet. This com- pany, although stationed here, had, a short time pre- vious to the landing of the British, been called to Rowland's Ferry to aid the Americans against the British on Rhode Island. But during the day of the landing, Lieuts. Gordon and Metcalf had returned with part of the company and one field-piece. As the British advanced they were under the necessity of re- treating. They had a yoke of oxen of Joseph Rus- sell's to draw the cannon. " The officers of this company had their quarters at and boarded with Mrs. Deborah Doubleday, a widow, in the house in w'hich fludge Prescott's office now is, which was then owned by Seth Rassell, father of the late Seth and Charles. After Metcalf was wounded he was brought down to this house, where I saw him the next day. I think he lived three days. I was at his funeral. He was buried on the hill by the old meeting-house at Acushnet, 'under arms.' " The night was clear moonlight. " McPherson's wharf was at Bellville, and was burnt by the British, together with some vessels lying there. A brig called the ' No Duty on Tea' was burnt at this wharf. She drifted down the river after her fastenings were burnt off, and finally sank just at thenorth of Dog Fish Bar, and abreastof the Burying- Ground Hill. Several other small vessels were burnt at this wharf and sank. They were afterwards got up. " An armed vessel sank on the west side of Crow Island. She was afterwards got up. Her guns were got up by some persons who dived down and fastened ropes to them, when they were hoisted up. Benjamin C. Myrick was drowned in diving down for the pur- pose of fastening a rope to the last one. "There were only two wharves in Bedford at that time, — Rotch's, the largest, and Joseph Russell's, now Central. " On the day the British landed, they commenced carting goods about the middle of the afternoon, and carried them on to a piece of cleared land containing about one acre which was situated in the woods west of the jail, and surrounded on all sides by swamps, heavy wood, and thick copse. Many others carried goods -to the same place. After moving all the goods I was sent for a horse to the pasture west of where the jail now stands, as stated before. " On Sunday morning, the day following the burn- ing of Bedford, a small force in two barges was sent to Padanaram. Three or four houses belonging to the Akins were burnt, and a brig on the stocks. " These Akins were strong Whigs, and it is supposed that they were instrumental in driving away from there three men who adhered to the British, and who, with all who took that course, were called Tories. The names of these men were Richard Shearman, Joseph Castle, and Eldad Tupper. These men went to the British, and as two of them were pilots, it is sup]iosed that they pointed out the channel of our harbor to the British. This accounts for the fact that certain houses only were burnt at Padanaram." Reminkcetices collected by Capt. Lemuel make an escape impossible, which may not be unlikely, many small ones being lurking about upon NEW BEDFORD. 65 the watch, the major-geoerftl desires the commaudiDg officer of each transport would oblige the captain of the ship to bear immediately down upon such privateer, ninniug him directly and without delay on board, the trooi* being ready at the critical momeut to enter and take pos- seeeiou of the vewel. This being properly done will ever succeed, the enemy not being aware of such an attack, and the troope so superior in every respect to put into execution. "The commanding officers are to be answerable that no bonses or bams are set on fire by the soldiere, nolesB by particular orders from Major-General Grey." Earl Grev's son and snccessor in the earldom was a distinguished statesman and cabinet officer, and won great fame by earrying through the parliamentary re- form bill in 1832. The present and third earl has also been in the cabinet. Additional Facts and Incidents.— At the time of the invasion. Xew Bedford, Fairhaven. Acushnet, and Westport were all included in the town of Dart- mouth. No privateers were owned at Bedford in the Eevo- lution, but the port was the rendezvous, especially after Newport was taken by the British, of a number belonging in Boston, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. Among them was a large sloop called the " Broom," commanded by Capt. Stephen Gaboon, of Ehode Island, and carrying twelve guns; and the " Black Snake," a long, low, black schooner, owned in Con- necticut, and mounting eight carriage-guns. Capt. Hacker, of privateer " Providence," was afterward a Hell Gate pilot. Some of the old people used to say that the fleet moved over and anchored east of Egg Islands to re- ceive the troops on board, where no square-rigged vessel ever went before or since. The ill-fated John Andre was an officer in the New Bedford expedition. Eussell, Cook, and Trafford were buried in Dart- mouth on the farm of Jediah Shearman. The prem- ises are now owned by the heirs of Philip Gidley. The battle of Rhode Island was just one week pre- vious to the raid at Bedford, and this accounts for the absence of so large a portion of the garrison at How- land's Ferry, now known as the Stone Bridge, at Tiverton. Mrs. Doubleday's house was the building now oc- cupied as a paint-shop and restaurant, 9 and 13 North Water Street. The almshouse, where the artillery were quartered, was near the comer of Sixth and Spring Streets. Morgan Street, mentioned by John Gilbert in his statement, is now called Court Street. Most of the buildings burned in Fairhaven were on Adams Street, east of Oxford village, and on Main Street, north of the junction of Adams Street. Among others was a store of Obed Nye, grandfather of Thomas Nye, Jr., of this city, which contained a large amount 5 of prize merchandise. It was on the farm now occu- pied by Mr. Nye's son-in-law, Mr. Dana. It is re- ported that a river of molasses ran from the store down the street after the casks were consumed. Mrs. Nye took her children and fled to the woods. A house belonging to a West family, a short distance south of where George H. Taber now lives, was one of the buildings burned. The house of Col. Pope was on the place recently occupied by the late Job Sisson. The old John Cooke house, one of the oldest build- ings then standing in Fairhaven, was burned. It stood on the east side of Adams Street, east of John M. Howland's residence. Stephen Hathaway's house, mentioned in Capt. Akin's collections, is now standing on a hill east of Main Street, a short distance north of the line be- tween Acushnet and Fairhaven. A store belonging to Obed Hathaway, or possibly to Micah Hathaway, a short distance south of this house, was burned. Stephen Hathaway and Bartholomew Taber were grandfathers of George H. Taber. Bartholomew Taber's house was on the spot where Josiah Macy, Jr., now lives. The school-house burned was where George H. Taber's house now stands. From the Head of the River to Sconticut Neck there was no choice of routes. Main Street, in Fair- haven, had no existence between Spring Street and the junction of Adams Street north of Oxford vil- lage. The pond between Bridge and Spring Streets was then a cove open to the harbor. The road lead- ing from the Mattapoisett road, nearly opposite the Sconticut road, to Main Street, near the Acushnet town line, is also a more recent lay-out. Conse- quently the column moved southward on Main Street and Adams Street to Spring Street, and thence east- ward to the Neck road. The house of John Wood's father, on the spot where Mr. Wood now lives, was burned. The farm of John Alden, mentioned by Capt. Akin, is now occupied by Seth Alden. The house of John West was standing, until re- cently, on the premises now owned by Boston Col- lege. The re-embarkation took place from the farm now owned by Daniel W. Dean. Besides the official statement of Gen. Grey, there is scarcely anything in existence of a documentary nature written at the time of the hostile visit of the British referring to their destructive progress through the town, and the forgoing account is therefore likely to contain many unimportant errors, while the loca- tion of some of the buildings destroyed cannot be fixed. 66 HISTORY OF BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. CHAPTER IX. NEW BEDFORD.— (CoH(i'/.»frf.) THE WHALE FISHEEY.l The First New England Whaling— Cape Cod — Nantucket — New Bedford in 1740— Early Settlers— The " Teu-Acro Purchase"— Bedford Village — Growth Checked by War of Revolution — Privateers — Close of the War— Returning Prosperity — Ediiuind Gard[ier — The Sliip "liehecca" — Early Voyages- The Developnieut of the Business— Success — Highest Point reached in 1857 — Destruction of Whalers by Confeder- ate Cruisers— List of Vessels Destioyed— Tlie Bisasler of 1871— Tlie Whaling Interest in 1883. Whaling. — The history of the New England whale fishery is so interwoven with the history of New Bed- ford during the last century that they cannot be sep- arated, and no record of the growtji and business of our town and city can be complete without it. Our wealth, our population, and our progress have been the fruits of this industry, and our position and fame among the cities of the world is due to its successful prosecution. The first whaling by New England men was doubt- less done by the inhabitants of Cape Cod. In the rec- ords of Nantucket, in 1690, it is written, " One Ichabod Paddock came from Cape Cod to instruct the people in the art of killing whales." In Edward Randolph's narrative, written for the Lords of Trade in October, 1676, in describing the resources of the colony of New Plymouth, he says, " And here is made a good quantity of whale oil, which fish they take upon the coasts." The business was then carried on in boats from the shore. As early as 1715 we find the people of Nantucket pursuing the whales upon the ocean in small sloops and schooners, making voyages of a few weeks' duration, and bringing the blubber home and trying out the oil on shore. In 1751 there were two or three vessels from Ap- ponagansett River engaged in this fishery. These vessels were owned by John Wady and Daniel Wood. There were at this date one or two vessels in this business from the Acushnet River, owned by Joseph and Caleb Russell. Up to this time whales were principally taken between George's Bank and the Capes of Virginia, and the voyages continued from four to six weeks. Soon after the whalemen extended their cruising-grounds to the eastward of the Newfoundland coast, and the voyages were length- ened to three months. At first more vessels were fitted from Apponagansett River than from the Acushnet, but soon the superior advantages of our harbor became apparent, and the Apponagansett vessels were fitted here. Consider for a moment the aspect of our town when these two or three little sloops were fitting for their whaling voyages. The present site of the city IThe following chapter was contributed by Hon. William W. Crapo, being a portion of an address delivered by him at New Bedford July 4, 1876, and is an invaluable contribution to the historic literature of the State. was a forest. There was a " try-house" near the shore (at the foot of Centre Street), and a rough cart- way led through the woods to the few farm-houses on the County road. The Rev. Paul Cofiin, who ten years later (July 21, 1761) visited the place, thus describes it in his journal: "This day rode to Dartmouth, a spacious town. Twenty miles will carry you through it. Rocks and oaks are over the whole town. Whortle bushes and rocks in this and the two former towns are the sad comfort of the weary traveler. At sunset ar- rived at Rev. West's." In 1760 there commenced an immigration to this locality which indicated that its future was to be commercial rather than agricultural. In this year Joseph Russell sold an acre of land, the first sale made from his " 800-acre" homestead estate, to John Loudon. The spot selected was a few rods south of Union Street, on South Water Street, and on it a house was erected. Mr. Loudon came from Pembroke. He was a calker by trade, and his purpose in coming here was to engage in ship-building. He was followed by Benjamin Taber, who purchased a lot of land on the north of the present Union Street, and built a shop for the purpose of carrying on boat-building and block-making, which trades he had learned at Nan- tucket. The same year John Allen, who was a house- carpenter, bought a lot on the east side of South Water Street, extending to the river. Upon this he built a house, which was afterwards sold to Barzillai Myrick, a ship-carpenter. The next year (1762) Gideon Mosher,^ a mechanic, bought a lot on the north side of Union and east side of North Water, and erected a house thereon. The same year Elnathan Sampson, of Wareham, a black- smith, purchased the lot next north of Loudon's. His lot was bounded on the " north and east on land left for ways or streets." These are now known as Union and Water Streets. His north line was eight rods in length, and his east line four rods, and the purchase money was £6 13.s'. 4rf. The early settle- ment was at the Four Corners, as it was known and called for a hundred years. This was the centre of the young town. I have been somewhat minute in this description of the infant settlement, in order that the industrial character of the pioneers might be noticed. The men who came here in 1760 to build up a town were me- chanics. Taber, Allen, Myrick, Mosher, and Samp- son were industrious and enterprising mechanics, and their descendants, inheriting their industry and enter- prise, have been and are among our worthiest citizens. We may well believe that the earnestness of purpose and the devotion to their trades with which these young mechanics of one hundred years ago sought to improve their condition affected in no small degree 2 Mosher took no deed of his purchase. The land was deeded by Joseph Russell directly to Benjamin Taber. NEW BEDFORD. C7 the character of our local institutions. And we look back with satisfaction to the intelligent and industri- ous character of the skilled and honest artisans under whose wise influence the early settlement of our town was made. But there was one thing wanting to promote the business of the village. Capital was needed. Joseph Russell had means, which lie used in whaling and freighting, and which furnished moderate employ- ment to the villagers. But his wealth was not large, and his operations were necessarily very limited. The required capital, so necessary for the activity and growth of the village, came in 1765, when Joseph Rotch, an enterprising merchant of great experience and knowledge in mercantile afi'airs, selected our har- bor as one eligible and advantageous for the prose- cution of the whale fishery. This event was of the utmost importance, and this acquisition of capital, accompanied with the ripe experience, clear-headed sagacity, and skilled methods of this accomplished merchant, gave an impetus to our infant industry whicli insured its permanence and success. Mr. Rotch purchased from Joseph Russell, in 1765, ten acres of land in one tract, besides a number of smaller lots in different parts of the town. The " ten- acre inirchase" was from the north side of the Russell farm, and next to the estate of Manasseh Kempton. It commenced on the shore where is now Hazzard's wharf, and its north line, between William Street and Elm Street, extended nearly to Pleasant Street and Cheapside. Its south line was bounded by the pres- ent estate of Willard Sears. Its river-front extended from Central wharf to the north line of Hazzard's wharf. Up to this time the village had no distinctive name ;' it was simply a part of Dartmouth. But now its increasing importance rendered necessary a name by which the locality should be known. At the sug- gestion of Mr. Rotch, and as a compliment to Mr. Russell, although somewhat indirect, tlie village was called "Bedford." About this time there were other accessions to our business population. John How- land had moved into the village from Apponagansett, and Isaac Howland (the senior of that name) had come from Newport, bringing with him considerable capital and business enterprise. The latter gentle- man resided in the most elegant and expensive house 1 Th.1t part of Diirtmouth which became New Bedford was known as the Acushena country. The viUage which was afterwards known as Cnshnet Itlie name is spelled in half a dozen different ways in the old recoi'dft) formed one of the three territorial divisons of Dartmouth, and was thus recognized for all the purposes of municipal arrangements and taxation. The other two were Pouagansett (Dartmouth) and Coak- sett (Westport). "Cusheiiag" was taxed ''for the puhlicke charges of the countrej, as they were ordered by the Court for this yeare, respecting the officers' wages and charge of the magistrate's table, £1 10 00." This was the terri- tory in the neighborhood of the Acushnet River. "The farmes against Koad Hand" were also taxed. These "farmes" were upon that part of the territory afterwards called Dartmouth which bordered upon the province of Rhode Island.— OW Colontj Jiecords, 1661. in the town. It was built of brick, the first of that material erected here. It was situated on Union Street, and was torn down when Cheapside wiis opened. The little village of Bedford prospered. Its indus- tries were successful, its population rapidly increased, and its merchants added largely to their wealth. The whaling voyages had been extended and new grounds had been discovered. During the ten years from 1765 to 1775 the whaling fleet had increased from two or three vessels to fifty, which were much larger and of more value. The vessels sent out to the Falkland Islands in 1774 were fitted and owned here. It was this example of New England daring and enterprise which inspired Burke in the House of Commons to utter that eloquent tribute to our victorious industry which so often has touched the pride and awakened the enthusiasm of the sons of New Bedford and Nan- tucket. " No ocean," says Burke, " but what is vexed with their fisheries, no climate that is not witness to their toils. Neither the perseverance of Holland, I nor the activity of France, nor the dexterous and firm i sagacity of English enterprise ever carried this peril- ' ous mode of hardy enterprise to the extent to which I it has been pushed by this recent people, — a people who are still, as it were, in the gristle, and not yet hardened into the bone of manhood." The war of the Revolution not only checked this growth, but destroyed almost entirely our business. It was usele.ss to send vessels to sea with the danger of almost certain capture ; and if capture were avoided and a cargo obtained, with no market, since the con- sumers in Europe could not be reached. No town suffered more from the common hazards of the war, nor by direct depredations of the enemy. Joseph Rotch returned to Nantucket and remained there until the war closed. Joseph Russell lost most of his property, except his real estate, and the same was true of the other merchants. The great majority of the business men of the village were Quakers, and could not conscientiously engage in tlie privateering adventures which otherwise, as a seafaring commu- nity, they would naturally have undertaken. But the advantages of our harbor were recognized during the war, and it was found to be a convenient port from which to fit out privateers and a safe refuge for their prizes. There were many, too, of our sailors [ and citizens who were quite willing to engage in this j hazardous business, prompted both by its rewards and ! a desire to cripple the commerce of the enemy which I had destroyed their peaceful employments. Before i the open declaration of hostilities between the two ' countries, as early as May, 1774, exa.sperated by the capture in Buzzard's Bay of three vessels belonging to Sandwich by the British cruiser "Falcon," a schooner had been fitted out of this harbor, which recaptured two of the vessels and took as prisoners fifteen British officers and marines. Our harbor became a rendezvous for privateers, and many prizes were brought here and valuable 68 HISTORY OF BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. cargoes landed, either to be stored in our warehouses or forwarded into the interior. It was to punish the peojjle of the town for their offenses in fitting out and harboring privateers, and to destroy the shipping and valuable stores which were collected here, that Maj.-Ge'n. Grey, under orders from Sir Henry Clinton, made the raid of Sept. 5 and 0, 1778, which destroyed a large portion of the property of the village and inflicted a blow which crippled it for years. This event, which is the most prominent one in our local Revolutionary history, is faithfully portrayed in Chapter VIII. in this worlc. But at last the war was ended. When the news ; came to this little village that the ship " Bedford," Capt. William Mooers master, had arrived in the Downs on the 23d day of February, 1783, the very day of the signing of the preliminary treaty of peace, and had straightway proceeded to London with her cargo of five hundred and eighty-seven barrels of oil, displaying there for the first time the United States flag, with its Stars and Stripes, then the people of the village believed that peace with its blessings had come, and they were ready to begin again the work of re- building the town. This ship " Bedford" was built by Ichabod Thomas on North River, Pembroke, and delivered to Joseph Rotch, at Bedford, Jan. 1.5, 1772, as appears by the receipt, which is still extant. She was named by the owner for his adopted town, and sailed from this harbor before the war. It was a remarkable coincidence that the war, which had been precipitated in the destruction of the tea in Boston Harbor, thrown overboard from the "Dartmouth," a ship owned by Francis Rotch, of this same village, and built in 1767 at the foot of Middle Street, should have associated with its close the advent in English waters of the ship " Bedford" as the first vessel floating the American flag in any British port. The names of the mother-town and of the village are thus made memorable in our Revolu- tionary history. Our municipal existence as a separate town oc- curred in 1787, when both New Bedford and West- port were by acts of incoporation severed from the old township of Dartmouth. To show how carefully our fathers protected, even in their legislation, the feelings of the minority in matters of domicil and local government, let us quote a sentence from the act : " Provided, nevertheless, that any of the inhabitants now dwelling on the above-de- scribed lands, who are or may be still desirous of be- longing to the town of Dartmouth, shall at any time within tw'o years from the passing of this act, by re- turning their names into the secretary's office and signifying their desire of belonging to said Dartmouth, have that privilege, and shall, with their polls and estates, belong to and be a part of the said town of Dartmouth." New Bedford was required to pay all its arrears of taxes to Dartmouth, and its proportionate part of the unpaid beef tax, so called, together with its propor- tion of all other debts. It was provided that the town's stock of powder and other town's property should be estimated and divided, and that New Bed- ford should pay to Dartmouth for the workhouse standing within the line of New Bedford. The population of New Bedford, according to the next census taken in 1790, was three thousand three hundred and thirteen ; Dartmouth had two thousand four hundred and ninety-nine; and Westport, two thousand four hundred and sixty-six. The leading business men of this period were Wil- liam Rotch, Sr., the wealthiest man of the town, esti- mated to be worth over one hundred thousand dol- lars, his son William Rotch, Jr., and his son-in-law, Samuel Rodman. Then followed the various mem- bers of the Russell and Howland families, Thomas Hazzard, Jr., and the Hathaways, who were all " well to do." There were others without the pres- tige of wealth, but yet of great influence in the town, such as Caleb Congdon and Abraham Smith, and not to be omitted, the Davis family, famous for its Quaker preachers. The wealthy people were models of in- dustry and economy ; actuated by a sense of duty, they thought it necessary to show an example of prudence, diligence, and unostentation to others, and their influence in this regard was of the greatest benefit to the community. Their style of living was plain and rational. In 1795 there was a Congregational meeting-house at the Head of the River and another in the Bedford village. Dr. West officiated at each on alternate Sundays. At this time there was one doctor, Ebenezer Perry, the son of a physician, and called a "safe doctor," who charged sixpence a visit. There was only one lawyer in the village, Thomas Hammond, rarely found in his office, and concerning whom tradition says that shooting and fishing were his favorite pur- suits. There was one schoolmaster, Cornelius Wing, and one schoolmistress. Temperance Jennings. Mr. Wing was preceded by William Sawyer Wall, of English birth, a person much beloved, and who ex- erted a great influence in the community. He was first and foremost in the educational and scientific efforts of that day, and his name appears as tlie first president of the Dialectic Society, the earliest literary association of the town, and which did much for its culture, refinement, and scholarship. At the close of the war of the Revolution our people sought to regain their prosperity and commercial im- portance. Although crippled in resources they were not disheartened, but sought with their old vigor to re-establish their fortunes by their former pursuits upon the seas. They looked to the broad oceans, common and free to all men as the air itself, to yield them rich harvests as they had in the past. But there were other difficulties besides the replace- ment of the vessels which had been burned bv the NKW BEDFORD. 69 British or had rotted in disuse. The British govern- ment, as if to distress us even after peace, imposed a lieavy alien duty upon oil, which rendered it impos- sible to realize a profit from the prosecution of the business. Her policy was to force this industry to lier own harbors. For a time it seemed successful, and many Nantucket and New Bedford whalemen made their voyages from English and French ports. But the persuasiveness and address of William Rotch, Br., secured to us, first from France and then from Great Britain, the privilege of sending our oil to those countries free of duty, thereby enabling him — as one of his biographers has said — to carry on the business with the highest profit and to benefit his neighbors. The success which attended the efl^orts of our citi- zens may be judged by the statement of vessel ton- nage owned and sailing from this harbor in January, 1804. The total number of registered vessels was fifty-nine, amounting to thirteen thousand six hun- dred and twenty-one tons; and of enrolled vessels there were five thousand five hundred and twenty-five tons ; making an aggregate of nineteen thousand one hundred and forty-six tons. The freighting business was quite important at that time. There were thirty ships and brigs, averaging two hundred tons burden, owned and fitted here, employed in general freighting, making their voyages to Europe, South America, and the West Indies. But the work of developing this industry of the whale fishery during the early years of the nineteenth century was slow and difiicult. The embargo came and ruined many of our merchants ; and prior to that, in 1807, in consequence of the Berlin and Milan De- crees and the Orders in Council, there were thirty ships laid up in New Bedford on account of the hazards attending them at sea. There was no marked improvement in this business until after the close of the war of 1812. The politics of the inhabitants of New Bedford from the close of the Revolution to the war of 1812 was Federalist, and they had given bitter, decided, and partisan expres- sion to their opinions in opposition to this latter war. This may perhaps have been influenced by the severe reverses experienced in business. Many of our ships in the Pacific were captured ; and while a few were recaptured by Porter and Downes, most of them were destroyed or used as transports by the British. After the termination of this war. the whale fishery, especially as prosecuted at New Bedford, advanced with great rapidity and wonderful success. But before proceeding to the local development of this industry, I desire to sketch briefly, in chronolog- ical order, the seas and oceans which had been opened in the pursuit of whales. As early as 1770, Nantucket had sought the " right" whale off Disco, in Green- land, going as high as 81° north latitude. In 1774, New Bedford had sent vessels to the Falkland Islands. In 1784 we find our New England whalemen taking seals and whales around Patagonia and in the Southern Ocean. In 1789 they are about Madagascar and the Cape of Good Hope. In 1791 the whaleships entered the Pacific Ocean. We are told that the vessels were snjall, poorly fitted, and insufficiently prepared for the long and often boisterous passages around Cape Horn. But in one thing they excelled, — in the character of the men who engaged in these perilous voyages. History cannot point to an enterprise prose- cuted with more vigor and courage, with more hardi- hood and intelligence, than that displayed by the pioneers in the Pacific whale fishery. I cannot for- bear mentioning the name of one whom you all re- member; for his genial, courteous manners, his kind and obliging heart, his clear comprehension and prompt decision endeared him to us who knew him in his old age, and assured us that the commendation bestowed upon him seventy years ago for "his pru- dence, courage, and fortitude" were richly deserved. The whale fishery has produced many noble men, but none more praiseworthy than that hero and veteran of the sea, Edmund Gardner. It is asserted that the ship " Rebecca," of New Bed- ford, owned by .Joseph Russell & Sous and Cornelius Howland, named for Joseph Russell's oldest daugh- ter, the grandmother of our esteemed fellow-citizen Daniel Ricketson, was the first American vvhaleship that doubled Cape Horn. She sailed from this port Sept. 28, 1791, under command of Joseph Kersey, and returned with a full cargo of sperm oil, obtained on the coast of Chili, on the 23d February, 1793. In 1800 our whalers were cruising on the coast of Peru and around the Gallapagos Islands. In 1818 they were on the " Off-shore ground." In 1820 they had captured whales on the coast of Japan. In 1836 our vessels were taking oil on Kodiak, the northwest coast of America; and in 1848 the bark "Superior," of Sag Harbor, Capt. Roys, p.assed through Behring Strait and opened up to us the vast wealth of the Arctic grounds. There aremany incidents connected with the earlier voyages which deserve a perm.anent record, and the narrative would prove an entertaining one. I will recall one or two of the " good voyages," as they were called, of forty years ago. In October, 1838, the ship " William Hamilton," of New Bedford, owned by I. Howland, Jr., & Co., commanded by William Swain, brought home a cargo of four thousand and sixty barrels of sperm oil ; her entire catch during the voyage, including the shipment from the AVestern Islands on her passage out, being four thousand one hundred and eighty-one barrels of sperm oil. Capt. Daniel Wood, remembered by many in this audience, a fine specimen of our whaling- masters, whose clear judgment and impartial decisions fitted him, after active service upon the ocean, to act as port warden in settlements between owners and under- writers, brought to New Bedford in the year 1833, in the old ship " Braganza," nearly four thousand bar- rels of sperm oil ; and George B. Worth, another of 70 HISTORY OF BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. those generous, large-hearted old sailors, brought in the " Magnolia" to her owners three thousand four hundred and fifty-one barrels. But in tho.se day.s of large " catch" there were low prices. In the prosecution of the whale fishery New Bed- ford has surpassed all other places that have engaged in the business, and her increase in wealth from this cause was rapid and large. From the year 1820 until the year 1857 her prosperity and her accumulation of wealth were continuous almost without exception. Si)ace will not permit the detail of figures showing this wonderful increase of material prosperity. A few must serve to illustrate our progress, — On tlip 1st day of August, 1835, our tonnage was.... 73,082 On the 1st day of August, 1845, our tonnage was.... 110,569 At this last-named date New Bedford was the fourth tonnage district in the United States, — New York, Boston, and New Orleans alone exceeding it. There was more than double the amount of registered ton- nage owned in New Bedford that there was in Phila- delphia. During the year 1844 there were brought into New Bedford, — Sperm oil 54,309 barrels. Whale oil 102,992 " 157,501 " Whalebone 978,592 pounds, which at the prices of that time — low as compared with the present — yielded a total value for the whaling of the year of $3,063,324.15. About this time our people thought that the popu- lation, business, and commercial importance of the town entitled it to receive the municipal organization of a city, and New Bedford received its city charter in 1847. The town government had existed sixty years. The population had increased from three thousand to fifteen thousand. Fairhaven, which had been organized as a separate town in 1812 from the territory of New Bedford, had at this date a popu- lation exceeding four thousand, which swelled the aggregate of population residing upon the original territorial limits to over nineteen thousand. The whaling industry of New Bedford reached its highest point, in capital, in vessels, and tonnage, in 1857. Its fleet of three hundred and twenty-nine ships and whaling outfits was worth more than twelve million of dollars and required ten thousand seamen. The largest importations of oil and bone were in 1851 and 1853. The quantities of each, with the prices realized from their sale, were as follows : 1851. 99,591 barrels sperm oil. at S1.27li per gallon $:i,991,980.75 328,483 barrels whale oil, at .45i,| per gallon 4,682,114.60 3,966,500 pounds whalebone, at .34!^ 1,368,442.50 $10,042,537.81 1853. 103,077 barrels sperm oil, at $1.2454 per gallon $4,050,.5.39.56 260,114 barrels whale oil, at .68! J, per gallon 4,762,5i4.77 5,652,300 pounds whalebone,at .34)4 1,M0,043.50 *IO,703,lO7.83 I have mentioned the prominent merchants who were identified with the prosecution of the whale fishery in its earlier years. There are other names which should not be omitted, since the men who took the places of the pioneers achieved much of the suc- cess. John Avery Parker, George Howland, Isaac Howland, Jr., Humphrey Hathaway, John and James Howland, and William C. Nye were men of great business sagacity, financial skill, painstaking indus- try, and unquestioned integrity. The large fortunes left behind by many of them show how fully these qualities had been exercised and how abundantly rewarded. From 1824 to 1830 there were new count- ing-rooms opened, representing what was then called the " middling interest," and occupied by Abraham Barker, David R. Greene, Joseph Bourne, Alfred Gibbs, and others. These men boldly claimed a share of the whaling business, and aided materially in making its progress continuous and rapid. We have also active whaling merchants of the present day, possessing the venturesome business enterprise of their predecessors. Two events, although comparatively recent, must be mentioned in order to render complete the history of our fishery, — the depredations by the rebel cruisers during the war of the Rebellion and the loss of our Arctic fleet in 1871. Early in our civil war the torch of the rebel cruisers carried dismay in our whaling fleets. In the summer of 1862 the Confederate steamer "Alabama," under command of Admiral Semmes, in the vicinity of the Azores, burned many of our vessels, and during the war the "Florida" and "Sumter" added to the de- struction. But the great loss occurred in June, 1865, when the " Shenandoah," having recruited at Mel- bourne for an Arctic cruise, entered into Behring Strait. Here the unsuspecting whalemen, pursuing their vocation amid the ice and fogs of that frozen region, were suddenly met by a danger which they could neither resist nor avoid. This armed steamer, the " Shenandoah," Capt. Waddell, was in their midst, and the work of destruction was rapid and thorough. Twenty-five ships, most of them of large size, were captured and burned, besides four others captured but bonded by the privateer for the purpose of furnishing transportation to some friendly port for the eight hundred sailor prisoners, who with sad hearts, fifteen thousand miles from home, had seen their burning ships, with the products of their toil and danger and their prospective hopes of success, sinking beneath the waves. Among the incidents of this rebel raid should be mentioned the praiseworthy action of Capt. Ebenezer Nye, of the " Abigail," after the loss of his ship, in saving, as far as possible, the fleet from destruction. The "Milo" had been captured and bonded, and had received on board a large number of prisoners. Dur- ing the following night Capt. Nye organized an ex- pedition of two boats, and at early dawn left the NEW BEDFORD. 71 " Milo." While the " Shenandoah" was pursuing her piratical work, these brave men, following along the fields of ice, pulled north in their open boats one hundred and eighty miles, and there found a number of defenseless whalers, giving them the information which saved them from capture. It was a gallant act, prompted by the humanity and executed with the cool determination of the hardy sailors. Fifty whaling vessels were captured by the rebel cruisers, of which forty-six, with outfits and cargoes, were burned. Of this number twenty-eight sailed from and were owned in New Bedford. The loss of ships and outfits belonging iiere exceeded one million of dollars, and of oil and bone on board four hundred thousand dollars. Following is a list of whaling vessels destroyed by the " Alabama" and other rebel cruisers during the Rebellion, with the amount of oil on board. All ex- cept the first three named were captured by vessels fitted out from the British dominions. Sperm. Whale. BUlB. BblB. 4150 210 60 lOO 400 160 1861. Schooner John Adams, Provincetownl Schooner Slermaid, " Brig Parana, " ) 1862. Sperm. Whale. Bbls. Bbls. New Bedford 350 " clean Ship Beiijaniin Tilck'e Bail; Eben Dodge, Barl^ Elisha Dunbar, Ship Levi Starbuck, " " Bark Virginia, " " Ship Ocean Rover, Mattapoisett 710 Schooner Altamalia, Sippican clean Ship Ocumlgee, Edgartown 250 Scliooner Courser, Provincetowu clean .Schooner Weather-Gage, Provincetown " Bark Alert, New London " 1310 1863. Bark Lafayette, New Bedford 170 Bark Nve, " 350 Schooner Kingfisher, Fairhaven 170 Brig Kate Cory, W estpurt 155 Schooner Rienzi, Provincetown 76 920 Bark Edward, New Bedford.. Bark Golconda, " 1865. 30 320 276 Bark Abigail, New Bedford Ship BrnnHwick, New Bedford Baik Cungre.-*s, " Ship Euphrates, " BarkGjpsi-y, " Sliip Hect()r, " Ship Hillnntn, " Ship Isaac Howland, New Bedford 160 Bark Isabella, " Bark Jireh Swift, " Bark Martha (2d), •' Ship Nassau, " Bark Nimrod, " Ship Sophia Tliornton, " Bark Waverly, " Ship William Thompson, New Bedford Bark Favm-ite, Fairiiaven Bark Covington, Warren Bark Catherine, New London Ship General Williams, New London Bark Edward Carey, San Francisco 275 Brig Susan .Abigail, " clean Bark William C. Nye, " Bark Harvest, Honolulu 300 Bark Peail, ■' clean 17111 ..clean 50 366 150 10 100 660 200 360 200 50 "200 480 300 400 200 100 110 400 260 200 100 200 200 25 New Bedford vessels 2742 2 Fairhaven vessels 470 1 Mattapoisett vessel 710 1 Sipjiican vessel clean 1 Westport vessel 155 1 Edgartown vessel 250 6 Provincetown vessels 200 1 W'arien ves.sel 3 New London vessels 3 San Francisco vessels 275 2 Honolulu vessels 300 46 vessels 6192 6060 But the most memorable of all the disasters which have attended this perilous business was that of Sep- tember, 1871, when in a single day thirty-three ships were abandoned in the Arctic Ocean, hopelessly crushed or environed in the ice. This large fleet of the most costly ships in the service, caught between the jaws of the ice floes, drifted with the westerly gales until the immense fields of ice reached the shore, when they were crushed like egg-shells. It was a sad and terrible calamity, not merely in its loss of property, but more in the hardship and suffering of twelve hundred shipwrecked men. Hemmed in by the ice which lines the shores of a barren country, where neither food nor fuel could be obtained, these men well knew that if driven upon the beach, ten or eleven dreary winter months must elapse before as- sistance could reach them, and that in the long inter- val death would come to most of them by starvation or cold. In their peril an expedition of three boats was fitted out under command of Capt. Frazier, of the " Florida," to go south over the ice, and if possible find vessels in the open sea. The written appeal for relief which these shipwrecked captains sent to who- ever it might reach was full of touching, pathetic eloquence." It was the appeal of brave men in dis- tress to brave men who could realize the fearful peril. A toilsome and anxious journey of seventy miles between packs of ice brought the little expedition to the open sea south of Icy Cape, and there the sight of ships gladdened their hearts. It needed no appeal for succor, no promise of reward, for the warm hearts of brother-sailors were ready to save their comrades, although at the heavy loss of an abandonment of their own voyages and the earnings of a year. Capt. Fra- zier returned to the wrecks oflT Point Belcher with the joyous tidings of relief, and these twelve hundred men, taking with them in boats such provisions as they could carry, made their way over and through the ice fields to the rescuing vessels without the loss of one of their number. Of the thirty-three vessels crushed or abandoned, twenty-two belonged in New Bedford, and were val- ued, with outfits, without the oil and bone on board, at one million and ninety thousand dollars. Whaling reached its culminating point in 1856 or 1857. Since then it has declined, and now our fleet numbers only about one-third of the vessels it once did. There have been disasters in connection with this pursuit. The captures by the English in the war of 1812, the captures by rebel cruisers, and the loss HISTORY OF BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. of the Arctic fleet were heavy blows. Natural causes, which need not be mentioned, have led to its depres- sion, almost to its dovvnt'all. But the historical fact which interests us is that New Bedford has been built up by the whale fishery. A large share of the wealth of to-day comes from this source. It has made our community what it is. This large accumulation of wealth has been obtained by the well-directed enterprise and persevering in- dustry of the people of New Bedford, and belongs to the people of New Bedford. The capital of non-resi- dents has not aided us. It has been drawn from the broad fields of the ocean with much toil and manifold dangers, with perils from the ice and fogs and storms of frozen regions, and exposure and disease under the I hot burning sun of the equator. It has been a cre- ation of wealth by the skill of the merchant and the hardy daring of the sailor, and not a mere exchange ! of wealth. Without surveys of the seas and bays which it made its cruising-grounds, — for our brave sea- men went in advance of exploration, — without boun- ties, without aid from government, but contributing largely to it iu its consumption of dutiable articles, and overcoming European competition, the people of New Bedford obtained the control of the whale fish- ery, and made their city the great whale-oil market of the world. Few parallels can be found in this or any country of such successful enterprise. The following is a list of vessels from New Bedford in the whaling fishery in 1882: Vesaers Name. A. R. Tucker, bark Abra. Barker, bark Abbie Bradl'ord, BChouuer Adelia Chase, schooner Adeline Uibbs, liark Alice Knuwles, bark Alaska, bark Andrew Hicks, bark Arnulda, bark Atlantic, bark Attleboro', bark Bart Gosnolfl, bark Belvedei'e, steamer Bertha, bark Caleb Eaton, schooner California Canton, bark Cape Horn Pigeon, bark Charles W. Morgan, bark diaries W. Morse, schooner. Cicero, bark Com. Morris, bark Desdemona, bark E. B. Conwell, schooner Ellen Rodniari, schooner E. B. Phillips, bark Eliza, liark Eliza Adams E. H. Adams, brig Europa, I -ark Falcon, bark Fannie Byrni-s, schooner Fleetvving, bark... Francis A. Ilarstow, brig Franklin, schooner Gay Head, bark Gazelle, bark George antl Mary, bark George ami Sii«an, bark Golden City, schooner Grey lion lid, bark Helen Mar, bark Hercnles, bark Hope On, bark Horatio Hunter, bark Isabella, brig J. A. Howland, bark James Allen, bark James Arii'dd Jireh Perry John Carver, bark John Dawson, bark John Howland, bark John P. West, bark John and Wintlirop, bark Josephine, bark Katlileen, bark Lagoda, bark Lancer, bark Lottie IL. Cook, schooner Louisa, bark Lncrelia, steamer Lydia. bark Mabel, bark. Mars, bark Mary and Helen, steamer Mary and Susan, bark Mattapoisett, bark M. E. Simmons, schooner Tonnage. 145 380 115 SS 327 302 347 303 340 291 179 305 440 177 110 367 239 212 314 112 226 338 236 91 73 155 ■m 408 107 323 285 66 328 128 •i7 265 273 106 343 85 178 324 311 173 349 355 132 355 348 346 316 319 173 384 353 338 385 206 371 295 82 303 312 329 188 256 608 327 110 105 Master. Agent^s Name. Gifford.. Smith... Dyer Reed Foster Fisher Hicks Jones Mitchell Lavers Poole Adams Gifford Gifford Brightman.. Sherman Kelley Keith Rose Winslow.. Davis Costa Gifford Francis.... Murray.... HoSvland.. Allen Baker Silva Heppingstone.. Reed Avery Crapo Ludlow Sherman Knowles Frates Allen , Bauldry Mclnnis Borden Morse Barnes Blossom Penniman Lake Chase... Chase Smith Warren Green Smith Shiverlck Long Howland Lewis Lewis Vera Koon Mellen Frazifir lielley Smitli Barker... Stickiiey. Maiidly... . Joseph A William R. Wing.. . Joseph & William R. Wing... . Jonathan Bourne . Louni Snow & Son . Jonathan Bourne .| John P. Knowles (2d) .| Jonathan Bourne . Andrew Hicks . Loum Snow & Son . Joseph & William R. Wing.. ,.i William Lewis .! John F. Tucker & Co , . 1 William Lewis ..i John F. Tucker & Co . Charles C. Pierce . ! John F. Tucker 4 Co .: John F.Tucker&Co .) William Potter (2d) ., Joseph & William R. Wing.. ,. I .John McCul lough ,.1 John P. Knowles (2d) . Aiken & Swift .; Aiken & Swift . j Henry Clay & Co . Doane & Co . John McCuUough ,. Jonathan Bourne . Taber, Gordon & Co . William Lewis Aiken & Swift Thonijis Knowles & Co Joseph Oliveia Joseph .t William R. Wing.. Philip H. Keed Henry Clay & Co John P. Knowles (2d) Swill i Allen Jonathan Bourne Aiken A Swift Henry Clay & Co Abbott P. Smith Swift A Allen Aiken & Swift Gilbert B. Borden Taber, Gordon & Co Jonathan Bourne William Lewis Aiken ,«: Swift Gilbert Allen Taber, Gordon & Co .Mken A- Swift Thomas Knowles & Co Joseph * William R. Wing... Ivory H. Barrlett & Sons Simeon N. West John P. Knowles (2d) Aiken & Swift Joseph * William R. Wing... Jonathan Bourne William Lewis Joseph Vera Ivory H. Bartlett & Sons William Lewis William Baylies William Lewis Charles C. Pierce William Lewis Ivory H. Bartlett & Sons Abbott P. Smith Loum Snow & Son Date of Sailing. April 13, 1880. Oct. 26, 1875. June 16, 1882. In port. Dec. l.'i, 1880. June 10, 1879. Sept. 14, 1880. Oct. 26, 1881. May 3, 1881. Nov. 2, 1880. Oct. 26, 1880. April 2:), 1881. Aug. 17, 1880. Aug. 22, 1882. Nov. 1, 1879. May 20, 1881. Sept. 12.1878. Aug. 24, 1880. July 13, 1881. Oct. 22, 1881. In port. April 5,1881. May 30, 1882. Nov. 12, 1880. June 8, 1881. May 24, 1881. May 28, 1874. Sept. 17, 1879. Sept. 28, 1880. April 7, 1880. In port. April 24, 1882. Nov. 6, IS77. April 20, 1881. June 10, 1882. Dec. ij. 1881. May 11.1880. Mav 20, 1881. Oct. 25, 1881. Oct. 13, 1881. May 14, 1879. July 0,1876. Oct. 14, 1S79. Oct. 19, 1881. Oct. 25, 1881. Sept 20, 1875. June 13, 1882. Sept. 14, 1881. Se]it. 7, 1881. Oct. 8, 187S. Sept. 1,1879. May 18, 18S0. Juuc 12, 1879. Dec. 26, 1877. May 24, 1882. April l!l, 1881. Oct. 7, 1880. Mav 6, 1880. April 11,1882. June 20, 1882. May 25, 1882. Sept. 29, 1881. Dec. 17,1881. Nov. 23, 1880. Sept. 13, 1881. In port. Aug. 15, 1882. Oct, (i, 1881. Oct. 2li, 1881. Oct. 17, 1881. NEW BEDFORD. 73 Vessel's Name. Merlin, bark Mermaiiljbnrk Milton Minerva, bark Morning Star, bark Napoleoti, bark NiRer Nortliern Liglit, baric North Star, steamer Ocean, barli . Ohio, iiark Ohio (2(1), Ijark Ospre.v, bark Palmetto, bark Pedro Varela, schooner Petrel, bark Pioneer, bark Platiua, bark President (2d), bark Progress, bark Rainbow, bark. Keindeer, bark Boussean, bark Sea Fox, bark Sea Ranger, bark Seine, bark Staffo)-d, bark Stamboul, bark Sunbeatu, bark Surprise, schooner Swallow, bark Tamerlane, bark Triton, Ijark Tropic Bird, bark Union, scliniiner Varniirn 11. Hill, brig Wanderer, bark Wave, bark William Wilson, schooner... Young Phoenix Tonnage. 24S 213 37:i 337 238 3i!2 412 385 489 288 205 Ma 173 216 90 267 228 214 123 358 3il 357 305 16G 273 234 166 260 26.') 63 326 372 264 145 66 126 303 150 92 356 Master. Agent's Name. Allen 1 John F. Tucker & Co Allen I Andrew Hicks Potter I Talier, Gordon & Co Thompson ' .John McCullongh ' Joshua C. Hitcli ' .lonathiiu Bourne. Taber. Gordon 4 Co Campbell Jonathan Bourne Owen William Lewis Lewis Ivor.v H. Barllett it Sons Ben ten ' Loum Snow & Son Ellis I Aiken & Swift Herrick : Swift & Allen Tripp ! Jolin F. Tucker & Co Kiuketson ' Gilbert Allen Clagh(U"n I Thomas Knowles & Co Chase Gilbert Allen Gilbert i John F. Tucker & Co Tripp Lituni Snow & Sou ' Ivor.v H Bartlett & Sons Cogan I Ivory H. Bartlett & Sons Baker : Aiken tt Swift Wicks , Aiken & Swift GifTord John P. Knowles (2d) Holmes Ivory H. Bartlett & Sons Macomber John P. Knowles (2d) King I Joseph & William R. Wing... Sate of Sailing. Keenan.. Moulton... Crapo Sherman.. Childs Stanton... Foster Silva McLane.. Lapham.. Joshua C. Hitch.. Joseph & William R. Wing... Robert G. Churchill Aiken 4 Swift Ivory H. Bartlett & Sons Joseph & William R. Wing... Stanton & Hamblin Henry Clay & Co John McCullongh John P.Kuowles (2d) Thom.ls Knowles & Co William N. Church Ivory H. Barlett & Sons Nov. 17, 1881, June 1, I8R0. Oct. 6, 1880. Feb. 14, 1881. In port. In port. In port. Sept. 22, 18S0. Aug. 2, 1881. May 22, 1879. Nov. 1,1881. Dec. 13, 1881. May 4, 1880. June 3, 1880. April 6, 1881. Oct. 19. 1880. Aug. 1", 1880. Aug. 31, 1882. July 18, 1881. In port. Jan. 21, 187.^. April 12, 1.S81. June 6, 1882. June 27, 1882. June 4, 1879. July 22, 1880. Sept. 3, 1879. Nov. 12, 1881. Julv 25, 1S83. June?, 1881. Oct. 16. 1878. In port. May 3, 1882. Sept. 29,1881. Jan. 30, 1882. Sept. 29, 1880. Aug. 29, 1682. In port. In port. Bee. 6, 1381. There are now but about fifteen hundred barrels of crude Southern whale-oil in the countr}', the only holders being J. & W. R. Wing, I. H. Bartlett & Sons, and Taber, Gordon & Co., all of New Bedford, besides one small lot in Provincetown. This is used to a considerable e.xteut for oiling stock in cordage- works. Northern whale-oil is almost as scarce, the holders being J. & W. R. Wing, Jonathan Bourne, and Swift & Allen, of New Bedford, and Hernan Smith, of Boston, with a total of about two thousand eight hundred barrels. Mr. Smith's oil, some two hundred and fifty barrels, has been on hand about ten vears. CHAPTER X. NEW BEDFORD.— ((7oii(/>u/er?.) ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. First Congregational Society, Unitarian Church — The North Congrega- tional Church— The Trinitarian Church— First Baptist Church— The North Bajitist Church — The Secoiul Baptist Church — Salem Baptist — County Street MetlKjdist Episcopal Church — The Front Street Metho- dist Episcopal Church — .■^Uen Sli'eet Methorli:it Episcopal Church — Pleasant Street Methodist Episcopal Church — African Bletbodist Epis- copal Zion — African Methodist Episcopal Bethel — Grace Church — St. James' Church — North Christian Church — Middle Street Christian Church — South Christian Church — Christian Unifui Church — Spruce Street Christian — The Universalist Cliurch — Society of Friends — Sea- men's Betiiel — Roman Catholic Churches — Portuguese Church — How- land Chapel — Second Advent Church — Union Church, Plaiuville — Olivet Chapel — Rockdale Union Free Chapel Association — Missionary Chapel — Extinct Churclies: Pacific Cliunh, Third Christian, Cun- nonville Union Church, Mount Pleasant Church. First Congregational Society (Unitarian). — The village at the Head of the River, now called Acushnet, antedates New Bedford by half a century. As it was in early times the centre of population and business, religious services were first held there, and as New Bedford became settled its residents were in the habit of going up to the Head of the River to attend wor- ship. But in the course of time, owing to the greater increase of population in New Bedford, it became necessary to organize a precinct iu connection with the church at Acushnet. We find by the records of the First Congregational Society that the first meet- ing held in relation to the formation of the precinct was Jan. 31, 1795, at the North Purchase Street school- house. The officers chosen at that meeting were Jireh Willis, moderator; John Spooner, clerk; Edward Pope, treasurer. It was voted to build a house for public worship, iu forty shares, each shareholder sub- scribing six pounds, to be paid in cash, labor, or ma- terials. Capt. Gamaliel Bryant was chosen superin- tendent of its construction. The records state that the first lot selected for the location of the church was " a quarter of an acre of land lying north of Joseph Russell's orchard, and west of County road," pre- sented by Ephraim Kempton, Sr., which is now occu- pied by the Cfiunty Street Methodist Episcopal Church. It was their determination to build on this spot, and several persons were buried here, the de- sign being to set apart a portion of the grounds as a burial-place. But at a meeting of the proprietors held the following May it was contended that it was di.-^tant too fiir from the village, and this vote was aiiMiilled, and it was decided to accept a lot offered by William Rotch, where Liberty Hall now stands. The 74 HISTOllY OF BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. church was commenced and built during the years 1795-97, by Manasseh Kempton, Jr., and Eastland Babcnck. Meetings were, however, lield in the church previous to its completion. A bell was purchased Feb. IS, 1796 (the one for- merly in use in the tower of the old Liberty Hall), of Capt. Silas Jones, of Nantucket, by subscription, at a cost of two hundred and fifty-five dollars. The list was headed by Thomas Pope, who gave ten dollars. The next largest sum was six dollars, and was given by a colored man named Aaron Childs. The bell was distinguished for clearness of tone and the long distance for which it could be heard. In November, 1854, Liberty Hall was destroyed by fire. The remains of the bell were collected, and several citizens had tea-bells and various ornaments made, and these are the only relics of this old bell. The first pastor was Rev. Dr. West, who commenced his ministrations with the society at the building of the church. He afterwards received his dismission on account of ill health. After Dr. West's withdrawal, Rev. Messrs. Christy, Holt, and Robinson received calls to officiate