bshi Class Book. •T? M q> Copyriglit^ ^ COPYRIGHT DKPO ,. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY, FROM THE EXPULSION OF THE MOHEGAN INDIANS TO THE PRESENT CENTENNIAL YEAR OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 1876. BY A. J. WEISE, A. M. WITH MAPS AND STATISTICAL TABLES, BY A. G. BARDIN, C. E. TROY, N. Y. WILLIAM H. YOUNG, 8 & 9 FIRST STREET. 1876. TV.- . MAP of &WELLZNGS 6- STORES, F^ElF^lslfJEJ!- O/ locations o/JohnBarrowsSen. FROM NOTES OF H. W.IlANFonm. C.E. DgD. 1 853 WElSE&'BARDir/ ^ I.Jks. Wardu/ell&jia.ck$»iit}i Shop 2,Hy. Otidthont. 3 JZphraimMoryan.Ito. aStore Jf.Zep7ia.niaA Anthony 6,Cap John Warren 6 Solomon, WiZivtr 7 JacohDishop , ShoeStore 17,Cap. JbhnHudson,Sb.& Store /IS. John D- VanDerHeyden.,Ho.a Store ■/S),JbnathanDavis,ffo. .> /» Store 33 J'ir&tPreaZi/ttrCaTi. CAureh 34WaitHa.th.hwn 28 JohnBird,!/ awi/er 29 desse Menham, 30 Jo7i n Woodwork 31 , , , , 2, aw Office 32 Daturencc Dorset 36Dwelliny 36 Cooper Shop Se/Vo. N0*T% M.l The. Northern Allotment; property ofJacolI.VanDerHewdeji hounded North ByJF'iscawen Kill South Sy GrundDivision St. was. Surveyed tkltfapped dyJohnE. Va-njflen - —• — (Fel'<>t\17& The Middle Allotment: Property of JaeaS D.VanDer^eyden.Zocmtied, JVbrth hy ' Grand Division St. South hy Division St. was Surveyed SrMapped iy M , J r l ores £ aider, May /it. S787 St ly <7b%n-l'U'4> Van Men, Sept. SOtA. 7 8 Of. ^ The Southern Allotment-, Property ofJMattAias TanDerlfeyden , gr^ oun.dedJVo>f7i ZyDivt'jion St. South by PoestenJ&ll, urajs Surveyed a^Mapped ly --. SohnEVaTiAten..2rfay*OiA. /7&3. Tannin} "*>*. %&> *te ^ famsm mjUy^f^ IL j tDmzittCa p^O AM 3 U JV V_Ai_VL """'"" " ll UUH i m JasSBh WlnSAclH BanlJtfcr , Grainlttturc dwDauisW 6 ' Moltl t3~bu= ft frT tew t-BHtVOtH •<£ ' ^W go T SaAt-E of F£Er.'>- &A jSTfl! Nl<' >* s - 5008EECG la JSntercd acco?-diny toA'cto/Conyrea'S in tTcc year 7876, Zy We/SEStBARDlN c'ntAe Orfftee CftheI,i6rariConyreSS cct Washington, Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1S76, by Weise & Bardin, in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. EDWARD GREEN, PRINTER, TROY, N. Y. VAN BENTHUYSEN & SONS, ELECTROTYPERS, ALBANY. PREFACE. The locality of Troy, from the time when the first Hollander erected his humble cabin upon the site of the city until the present, has been diversified by many incidents and individuals, peculiar in circumstance and action. The lights and shades of its life fall upon the pages of history with an enrichment of coloring almost roman- tic in disposition, while the variety of their transitions, " from grave to gay, from lively to severe," absorbs the attention and charms the mind. With an enthusiasm intensified by the inspiring elements of this field of research, the author patiently sought for unpublished documents and rare manuscripts relating to its early history, which by transcription gave the material requisite for the basis of the proposed work. As the compiler reviews the many explorations of the sources whence he obtained his important information, he is impressed with a deeper sense of the significance of the maxim, " perseverance con- quers all things." Emboldened by repeated successes, he was often aware of subjecting persons to many inconveniences in overlooking their private papers, and in permitting him the privilege of their time and conversation. Conscious that this was no ordinary under- taking, and that the opportunity of obtaining access to these repos- itories might never occur again to another compiler, he made com- plete and entire copies of all the papers and records proffered him. Up in dark garrets, in unused closets, in stores, offices, residences, in public and private libraries, among antiquarians and keepers of scrap-books, here, there, everywhere that suggestion or knowledge directed, these researches were diligently pursued. Many months alone were given to a close inspection of a con- 4 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. nected line of weekly and daily newspapers published from the year 1787 to the present time. The magnitude of this particular task is made apparent from the number of journals examined, which by computation exceeded ten thousand separate issues. By these the various errors of dates in personal statement and of tra- ditional history, were made apparent to the writer, and a more com- prehensive view of the different personages and events during this long line of years was afforded him. In the preparation of this matter for publication, the author has conscientiously endeavored to set forth only such facts and incidents as are authenticated by undoubted and creditable authority. In all matters involving bias or personal predilection, it has been his aim to be liberal and truthful in narration, rather than aspersive or ex- clusive. The dignity of the work has not been prostituted to ad- vertisement, but only such persons, incidents and business relation- ships are noticed as prominently appeared and were concomitants of the periods considered. The illustrations, particularly of old buildings, will give the read- er a clear conception of their original appearance, while the maps afford a proper understanding of the various localities mentioned. An appendix, embracing the names and dates of office of the vil- lage, city and county officers, and a large number of important tables, have been added, which make the work one of much value to writers and others who may desire it as a book of reference. To William H. Young, whose accurate knowledge and excellent memory were constantly at the service of the writer, the latter's gratitude is to be expressed. From the inception of the undertak- ing until its completion, he gave him the benefit of his long acquaint- ance with the eventful history of Troy, and by judicious suggestion assisted him in its preparation. The author is greatly indebted to Mrs. Sarah S. McConihe for many unexpected favors of her time and the privileged use of the valuable private papers and memoranda of her distinguished hus- band, Hon. Isaac McConihe, deceased. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 5 The frequent conversations which the writer had with Ebenezer Prescott, the oldest living male inhabitant of Troy, whose vivid re- collection of the people and their manners at the close of the last century, were important sources of information ; to him and his amiable wife the thanks of the writer are returned. The technical observations of Myron King, so long and favorably known as an engraver, and one of Troy's early citizens, have added much to the truthfulness of the pictures of many of the old build- ings which illustrate the work. The courteous favors and commendations of B. H. Hall, Esq., and much important information received from E. Thompson Gale, have placed the writer under many obligations to these gentlemen. Having had access to the valuable collection of old and rare papers of Charles J. Lansing, Esq., of Lansingburgh, an expression of the author's thankful acknowledgements is especially due. Troy, July 5th, 1876. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Chapter I. — From the Country to the Village. 1630 to 17S6, 9 Chapter II. — From the Beginning to the Incorporation of the Vil- lage. 1786 to 1794, 20 Chapter III. — From the Incorporation of the Village to the closing year of the Century. 1794 to 1800 41 Chapter IV. — Manners and Customs of the People. 1786 to 1800, 58 Chapter V. — From the Closing Year of the Eighteenth Century to the Incorporation of the City. 1800 to 1816, 69 Chapter VI. — From the Incorporation of the City to the Visit of Gen. La Fayette. 1816 to 1824 109 Chapter VII. — From the Establishment of Rensselaer School to the First Great Land-slide. 1824 to 1837, 147 Chapter VIII.— From the Mob on St. Patrick's Day to the Second Large Fire. 1837 to 1854, 183 Chapter IX. — From the Large Fire of 1854 TO THE Great Fire of 1862, 217 Chapter X. — From the Great Fire of 1862 to the Fourth of July, 1876 243 Presidents of the Village of Troy, 269 Trustees of the Village of Troy, 270 Clerks of the Trustees of the Village of Troy, 272 Village Treasurers 272 Village Collectors, 272 Village Assessors, 273 Fire Wardens of the Village of Troy, 275 Village Fire Engineers 278 Mayors of Troy, 279 Recorders of Troy, 280 Aldermen, 2S1 Chamberlains of Troy, 297 City Comptrollers, 297 City Clerks, 298 Troy Fire Department, 299 Chief Engineers . 301 Postmasters of Troy, 302 Representatives in the Assembly, 303 City Members of the Assembly 306 County Judges, 307 Surrogates of Rensselaer County 308 8 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. District Attorneys, 309 County Clerks, 310 County Treasurers 31 1 Sheriffs of Rensselaer County, 312 Census of the Village and City of Troy, 313 The Churches of Troy, 314 Pastors of the Churches, 318 Banks of Troy, 321 Physicians of Troy, 1876, 323 List of Lawyers, 324 Manufactures and Productions, 1875, 329 Troy Directories 332 Newspapers, 333 Local Societies and Corporations, 337 Masonic (Lodges), 337 Independent Order of Odd Fellows 340 Knights of Malta, 341 Knights of Pythias, 342 Orangemen, 342 Grand Army of the Republic, 343 Lodges, 344 Schools 344 Manufacturing Companies 346 Miscellaneous (Societies) 347 Temperance (Societies) 354 Young Men's Association 355 Military (Organizations) 356 Necrological List, 358 Opening and Closing of Navigation 364 Opening and Closing of the Canals 367 List of Steamboats plying between Troy and New York from 1807 to 1876, 368 Statement of Village and City Tax Levied from 1798 to 1876 370 A Table of the Valuation of Real and Personal Property from 1825 to 1875 372 A Table showing the Rate of City, State and County Taxes from 1825 to 1875, 374 Temperature, Lowest, 376 Record of Warmest Days, 377 Meteorological Record of Rain Fall at Troy, 380 Index, 382 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. CHAPTER I. From the Country to the Village. — 1630 to 1786. Almost two and a half centuries ago, Pafraets Dael, a name upon a map made by Gillis van Schendel, designated an extent of land east of Hudson's river, of which at this time Troy oc- cupies the northernmost portion. Pafraets Dael may be inter- preted as "the paradise of a lazy man," and was particularly des- criptive of the appearance of this region of country, for to the eye of the acquisitive Hollander, sailing up the recently discovered river 1 (1609) of the New Netherland, the rich verdure of the neighboring meadows, the luxuriant growths of entangled vines and shrubbery of the upland, and the extensive tracts of stately forests embowering the distant hills, must have seemed the em- bodiment of what he would figuratively express as "a lazy man's inheritance." Flax and hemp grew uncultivated ; herds of deer browsed along the limpid streams; enormous turkeys and myriads of partridges, pheasants and pigeons lodged in the adjacent woods ; "great plenty of sturgeon " and other fish abounded in the river; nuts and wild fruits in their season depended from the trees ; deli- cious grapes clustered upon the untrained vines , and such was the profusion of wild strawberries growing upon the old maize-lands, that the people resorted thither "to lie down and eat them." The right of possession of this pleasant country (Luylekkerland) was afterwards confirmed by patents to the Patroon 2 and settlers, and at the same time the appellation "Lubberde land : ' 3 began 1 r 1 1 i 1 • 1669. to appear in the conveyances of landed property lying on 1 Henry Hudson sailed from Amsterdam. Holland, the 25th day of March, 1609, (old style) or April 4th, 1609, (new style) and anchored within Sandy Hook Sept. 3d, and entered the river which perpetuates his name, Sept. 12, 1609. 2 A proprietor of a tract or tracts of land with manorial privileges and right of entail. 3" Pafraets Dael" "Luylekkerland" and " Lubberde land" kindred terms of the expres- sions, "a lazy man's paradise," "a lazy man's inheritance," "a lazy crew's land." "lubbers' land." 2 IO HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. both sides of the Poesten Kill, and bounded on the west by the river. This region had been the aboriginal domain of the Mohegan or Mohican Indians until the spring of the year 1628, when in battle with their more powerful enemies, the Mohawks, they were defeated with many killed and captured. The small remainder of the tribe, expelled from their native homes and hunting grounds, removed eastward to the Connecticut river, where less disturbed, they culti- vated the soil. By right of discovery, the Dutch republic of Holland granted certain privileges to those establishing colonies within its newly acquired jurisdiction, and bestowed upon them the absolute property of such lands as they might select and settle. The first to comply with the stipulations set forth in these important , concessions was a wealthy and influential man, Kiliaen van 1630. Rensselaer, a refiner 1 of pearls and diamonds in Amsterdam. Through his special agents 2 he purchased from the Indians three tracts of land, embracing a territory twenty-four miles long and forty-eight broad, containing as estimated, more than seven hundred thousand acres of land, over which the counties of Albany, Rensse- laer, and a part of Columbia now extend. The first Hollander to penetrate the savage wilderness which lay north of Fort Orange 3 was Jan Barentsen Wemp. With the leave and consent of Jan Baptiste van Rensselaer and Arent van Corlaer, 4 he purchased from the Indians the " Great Mea- dows " — the present site of Troy. His only neighboring country- men were a few farmers living in the vicinity of the Cohoes Falls. Around and about him the Mohawks were hunting and trapping. From his fields he beheld their bark canoes, laden with peltries, gliding to the " Fort " below, and at his door, when the silence of the northern winter was upon the valley, the wild man 5 of the woods would knock and find warmth at his rude hearth-stone. His soli- tary home and frugal life had their cheer in the marvellous harvests which crowned his yearly toil, and the future was more golden as his fences and barns enclosed his growing grain and sheltered his 1 Rafineer, polisher. 2 Sebastian Jansen Krol, April 8, 1630 : Gillis Hassett, July 27. 1630: and Brandt van Slech- tenhorst, March 1 3, 1652. Brodhead pp. 201. 534. O'Callaghan, vol. 1, pp 122, 123, 124. 3 A small Dutch fort where Albany is now situated. 4 Agents of the Patroon. 5 Wilden. — Dutch name for the Indians. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 1 1 multiplying cattle. Jan Barentsen Wemp, however, only lived to be a pioneer, for he died a few years after his settlement. Sweer Theunissen van Velsen married his widow, Maritie Myn- derse, in 1664, ' and had all the title and interest of Wemp's land confirmed to him in a patent from Governor Richard Nicolls, dated 13th April, 1667. It is probable that Pieter Adriaens and Barent Pieterse (Coeymans) two Dutch husband- men, were attracted to Lubberde land at this time, and settled ad- joining him on the south. For on February nth, 1669, the former conveyed to his son, Pieter Pieterse van Woggelum, a lot, a part of a garden and a number of fruit trees bordering the north fence of Coeymans. Having erected a saw-mill upon the kill, which was known there- after as Poesten Mill, 2 Sweer Theunissen van Velsen removed to Schenectady, leaving his property in the occupancy of his step-son Jacob Heven. Five years after, (18th Oct., 1674) * Geertruy Pieterse van Woggelum sold her interest in another saw- mill on the second kill southward, to Wynant Gerritse van der Poel, from whom the creek received its name, Wynant's Kill. In June of the following year, Sweer Theunissen van Velsen sold to Jan Cornelise Vyselaer and Lucas Pieterse (Coeymans) his " Poesten Mill ' with the kill whereon it stood, and two * ^' morgens 3 of arable land opposite Stony-point (Steene-hoeck 4 ) granting free egress and a road along the kill by Pieter Pieterse van Woggelum's to the shore. Between the two kills, Wynant's and Poesten, was a bowery owned by Jeronimus Ebbink, husband of Madam Johanna de Laet 5 which, on July 7, 1676, Jurian Teunisse Tappen bought, to- gether with a house, a barn and eight horses, which he in turn sold (Nov. 6, 1677) to Captain Philip Pieterse Schuyler. 8 1 September8, 1664, the Dutch possessions of the New Netherland were surrendered to the English Commander Colonel Nicolls, and were thereafter known as the Province of New York. Fort Orange was then named Albany 2 Post-mill, a mill sawing sawing posts, lumber, &c 1 3 Four acres. 4 Stone-hook — now West Troy. 5 Heiress of John de Laet, one of the four co-partners of Kiliaen van Rensselaer. 6 " Philip Pieterse Schuyler came to the new world from Amsterdam in Holland, in the year 1650. He was married to Margaret van Slechtenhorst, at Rensselaerwyck, on the 12th of Decem- ber, 1650. The nuptial sites were performed by Anthony de Hooges, the Secretary of the Colonie in the presence of the officers of Fort Orange, the magnates of Rensselaerwyck, and some of the principal inhabitants. Phillip Petersen Schuyler died on the 9th of March, 1684, and was buried on the nth of the same month, in the Dutch church at Albany. These were the ancestors of the Schuyler family in America." — Lossing' 's Life 0/ Schuyler, vol. 1,/. 21. I 2 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. On the sixth day of May, 1679, Sweer Theunissen van Velscn finally disposed of the original Wemp property to Peter van Wog- gelum. At the close of the century, it is probable there were seven separ- ate families 1 dwelling contiguous to the river, whose fenced I '°°' fields, fruitful orchards and grassy pastures extended north- ward from Wynant's to the Piscawen Kill. These sturdy people of Holland, resolute in purpose, diligent in labor, and patient in tribu- lation, prepared the way into the wilderness, fearing not the terror by night of Indian massacre, nor the arrow flying by day from the bow of the revenging savage. Their simple lives and relationships adorn no brilliant page of history, their humble names are seldom mentioned by tradition, and are only discoverable among the concise records 2 of legal conveyance and tenure. Another and a different era began with the opening of the eight- eenth century — an era when landmarks were recognized and pro- tected; when title and possession were more carefully secured, and when men were more honored as they became prominent and active agents in subduing the wilderness and cultivating the soil of the Manor of Rensselaerwyck. 3 The following inscriptions were taken from the tomb-stones standing December 4th, 1848, in the family burying ground, on the north side of the lane (Madison st.) leading to the Schuyler mansion, and west of the Greenbush road, on the old Colonel Stephen I. Schuyler farm in South Troy : " Barent H. Ten Eyck (born Aug. 31, 1721) died Feb. 6, i8og, aged 87 yrs., 5 mos , 6 days. Helena Ten Eyck, (born Aug 31, 1723) died Dec ig, 1809, aged 86 years. 3 mos., 19 days. Colonel Stephen I. Schuyler, (born Aug. 12 1737) died Dec. 14, 1820, aged 83 yrs. Helen, wife of Col. Stephen I. Schuyler, (born May 22. 1746) died May 22, 1818, aged 72 yrs. Barent Schuyler, born April 12, 1780 : died Feb. 11, 1833, aged 52 yrs., 9 mos., 29 days. Tobias R. Schuyler, died June 2, 1808, aged 38 yrs. 1 mo., 12 days. Stephen V. R. Schuyler, born Oct. 3. 1786; died July 18, 1832, aged 45 yrs., 9 mos., 15 days." Col. Stephen I. Schuyler's sons were: Major Henry Schuyler. His wife was a Vischer, of Greenbush. Philip S. Schuyler, who built, about 1800, the house known as the old Schuyler house, on the hill south of Madison Avenue extended. Tobias R. Col. Stephen V. R., a militia officer. Captain Barent, was in the war of 1812, and the Mexican war in 1846-7. Captain Courtland, an officer of the old Trojan Greens. John, a farmer. Col. Stephen I. divided the farm, and sold the lower portion to his son Henry, who built the two-storied brick house known as the Hoyle house, now standing on the banks of the river, south ( of Jackson street. The old Schuyler house stood for many years on the south-west corner of Madison and First streets. It was built of brick, with dormer windows and gambrel roof. 1 Jacob Heven, Barent Pieterse (Coeymans), Wynant Gerritse van der Poel, Jan Cornelise Vyselaer, Lucas Pieterse (Coeymans), Philip Pieterse Schuyler and Pieter Pieterse van Woggelum. 2 Albany records 3 Confirmed by a patent from Thomas Dongan, Lieut. -Governor, etc., under King James November 5, 1685. &Lt*+ 4rn /& out */cJe tri^ifaK&jtmj J^tu^tS fiat. 2~r ^Jzr/teo 4~£Q , Q/& j:nt»Tta art *f Conyrw-in tfaytmr /S76 Sy Tf£/SE ABARDm.in tht cffict e/HtZilr^ mn *S 7ftuAi n st<,*.J?.C. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. I 3 At this period, Derick 1 van der Heyden 2 (2d June, 1707), pur chased of Van Woggelum two tracts of land, one bounded on the south by the Poesten Kill, and north by Meadow Creek ; the other adjacent and running thence northward to the Piscawen. 3 He, as all the settlers heretofore, was made subject by the Patroon to cer- tain exactions. From him was demanded (Dec. 15th, 1720,) on the land so purchased, an annual ground rent of three and three-fourth bushels of wheat and two fat hens or capons. Derick van der Heyden, besides becoming the proprietor of a large farm, evidently at this early date was possessed of a ferry privilege. The situation of his house (see map of Verplanck), its proximity to the river, and its relative distance from the mouth of the Poesten Kill, are corroborative of an opinion that the dwelling of his son Jacob in 1767, and that of Jacob D. van der Heyden in 1786 were identically the same building, and known subsequently as the " old ferry house." 4 The Poesten saw mill which Sweer Theun- issen van Velsen had built fifty years previously had now disap- peared, but the site of it became a much preferred location for other mills during the century. Derick van der Heyden had three sons, Jacob, David, and Mattys. Among them, in November of I 7 "3 1 the year 1731, he divided his estate, granting each an equal third part of his possessions. The farm thus allotted was cultivated and improved by them and their descendants 5 for many years. They seem to have been little disturbed by the French and In- dian hostilities of 1754-9, for at this time, little low ships freighted with brick 6 were to be seen unlading at different points along the shore of the upper Hudson. Meanwhile arose the 1 Richard. 2 Heiden — heathen. De Heidenen zyn in uw er/deel gevallen. — The heathen are come into theii inheritance 3 " Beginning on the north side of a certain creek, called Poesten creek, where there former- ly was a saw mill (which said mill stood on a straight line fifty eight chains from the said river,) and runs from the place where the said mill formerly did stand, down along the said creek to the said river: thence up along the said river on five courses, one hundred chains to a small creek called the Meadow Creek ; thence into the woods, seventy degrees easterly forty chains ; thence south twenty-three degrees thirty minutes westerly along the west side of the land of Albert Bratt, one hundred and six chains to the place where it first began, containing in all four hund- red and ninety-seven acres and one rood." Another parcel of land and meadow thereunto ad- joining and bounded on the north side by a certain kill or creek, known and called by the name of Piscawen Kill, and on the south by the aforesaid parcel of land, on the west the river, on the east the hills." Deed Book No. 6, pp. 225, 226, Albany County Clerk's Office. 4 Formerly standing on the south-east corner of Ferry and River streets. 5 See genealogical table on page 14. 6 Although bricks were made below Albany as early as 1664, yet their importation from Hol- land was continued in the shape of ballast as late as 1790. 14 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. fifl bO C X u c > o a; ? H a *bJD "rt a; c 0) o h m e a o o it; t> ** ■0 V 5 c " 2 ,« "o Sms 4J o ,x s ■d « >c u u P< p. O . V (J o o .£ utztE ■Cfa 01 u 2M* W .By H « c •P 3 >- N O 3 « g w s s n =1 ^s "So > < »o > (4 5 > t^ w >/« O •^" c t ^ 5", « £" h v u H _ £* M ' •do h _ (L) ^ T3 _, ' ^ m OH si »o >. "a a*5 2- -Pi c •do ,;«i be rt r-S « °0.2 .5 U 5 u OK elm - fe O 8*- 6 1 72 t •*■& rt . - - ■ca M - c i — , ,-d b/j ►- "3 "g ^"S "E. ■<•« ^^> w" 5 , c Soo" diss ^ B u "d O 'jO " rt S"° - " —'"5 ^3 N bo" S H , S E ?_ ^i oT o i: c -d * a " T3 c a f» I^J ^o -r; ^ -£ i o uj h tCco" _g . ^- - •Cd-rr-n^o »o a a m •£ y h ~'<■ ,3 rt c . rt C- H « rt rt Commissioners of Highways, Cornelius Lansing, Mahlon Taylor and Jacob Wager; Town Clerk, Cornelius Lansing. According to appointment, the county court opened in due form, (in a building on the corner of King 1 and Lansing streets) in the village of Lansingburgh, and after establishing the rules, &c, ad- journed to meet at the house of Captain Stephen Ashley, in Troy, on the second Tuesday in November following. The grand jury on the day of adjournment informed the Court that they had "no cause of presentment." The following persons were sworn as attorneys of said court : Dirck Ten Broeck, Moss Kent, Peter E. Elmendorf, John V. Henry, Peter D. Van Dyck, Abraham Hun, John W. Yates, Nicholas Fonda, Gerrit Wendell, John D. Dickinson, Gerrit Van Schoonhoven, Cornelius Vandenbergh, John Lovett, Francis Sil- vester, Sanders Lansing and John Woodworth. The county courts were thereafter held alternately at the inn of Ananias Piatt in Lan- singburgh, and the public house of Captain Ashley in Troy, until the erection of the Court House on Second street. With such antecedents, Ashley's Tavern was not only a reputable rendezvous for all travelers, but the place of the annual meeting of the County Court, a poll for the election of civil officers, and on Sundays, a meeting house for divine worship. Incongruous as some of these uses may seem in connection with a tavern, still they are to be considered as due to the pressing necessities of a new village where the wants are greater than the accommodations. Additional prestige was given to the house in the month of May, 1791, when the Secretary of State, Hon. Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison, then a member of the Constitutional Congress, representing the State of Virginia, made it a stopping-place on their way to Lake George. Christopher Hutton and Timothy, his brother and partner, were among the leading dealers and shippers of grain and produce, and their warehouse is still standing in all of its original completeness No. 457, on the west side of River street, opposite King street. Christopher Hutton was in the Revolutionary war, and is said to have been much esteemed, as an officer of great merit, by General Washington. Timothy was a man of polished manners and of strict integrity. William Willard was the apothecary of the village. 1 The name of King street, after the Revolutionary war, was changed to State street. MAP op DWELLINGS & STORES t N '//» //// W w Locations ofc/bhn^BarroK/sSen FROM NOTES OF #. W.JQANFOTiTH. C.E. DEP. 1 S5a WElSE&BARDJr/ &, HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 3 I Andrew Cathcart & Co. possessed a large storehouse for wheat near Abraham Ten Eyck & Co.'s building, and Benjamin and John Gale were engaged in the sale of general merchandise. The annexed map accurately represents the residences and business places of the other inhabitants of Troy in the year 1791. As the population of the village increased, the attendance upon the religious exercises held on Sundays, in Captain Ashley's ball- room, grew larger, and soon that apartment could no longer ac- commodate the people. The red school-house was the next place resorted to by the worshippers of God. This associating body of christians was sensible of the benefits to be derived from a more united organization, and at the same time was desirous of securing the services of a preacher and pastor. The same feeling prevailed among the people of Lansingburgh. The citizens of Troy, after some preliminary meetings, at length decided to form themselves into a Presbyterian congregation, and on the 31st day of December, 1791, at a meeting held at the dwelling house of Stephen Ashley, Jacob D. Van der Heyden, Samuel Gale, Ephraim Morgan, John McChesney, Sr., Benjamin Covell and Benjamin Gorton were elect- ed Trustees of the Presbyterian Congregation of the Town of Troy. A similar action on the part of the people of Lansingburgh occur- red on Wednesday, August 29th, 1792, when Shubael Gor- ham, James Dole, Jonas Morgan, Levinius Lansing, John Lovett and John D. Dickinson, were chosen Trustees. These two bodies were united, and in August of the same year proffered a call to the Rev. Jonas Coe, a licentiate of the Presbytery of New York, to become their pastor. This call was accepted by him, and he be- gan his ministrations in the two villages the same autumn. This most excellent man and minister, after the Lansingburgh congrega- tion had been dissociated from the Troy body, served the latter most acceptably for nearly thirty years. Previous to the foregoing action,, the people, without respect to denominational tendencies, began the erection of a frame building for a meeting house, near the south-east corner of Congress and First streets. To complete this building, at a meeting of the mem- bers of the Presbyterian congregation, held on November 26, 1792, it was resolved, that " Whereas, the inhabitants of the town have begun and partly completed a church building, but by reason of the almost infant settlement, and a variety of other public expenses, which must necessarily attend a newly settled town, they find it bur- MAP op DWELLINGS ir STORES, ^1^1^!- Locations ofJohnBarrowsSen. FROM NOTES OF #. W.UiNFORTJfi. C.E. pgp. i s5a Weibe&Bardin' 4,, ?////iiim ysrs // %fpfl# i.Jks. Wa7-dwellyiloLcks^Lith Shop 2,Hy. Ou.dthoi*t, 3 JZphraim2rforyan,Ho. otStore UZcphaniah Anthony 6. Cap Jo An Warren 6 Solomon WiZlvtr 7 JacohHishop, ShoeStore 17, Cap. Jb7iTiHuctson,Sb.& Store 18 JohnD. VanDerJJeyden.,Ho.& Store 19,Jbnathan.Davis,Ifo. d Cooper Shon ■> HO.Geo. Young, Bluet smith Shop 21 Wm. Sheldon 22Dry GoodfStare fijio. 23Ro%i.Mc ClellanKkStcrm 7 JucolBishop. ShoeStore . Za±toT>iJVLc Clellanti-KOtor*^ \ 8 Philip Mea/lt. SadMeri/ ^Harness ZhJaco&DVanDerJfeydenfa^ 9 Bcnj.Gorton 25 John Die/tens. Tavern 10 Cap. Stephen Ashley .Tavern 11 Jonathan SfAlsopHunt, Store 12 Adam Keeliny , leather Store 13 JohnPease, Store 1/, Dr. S ami Gale 16 ' fienj. Covell J6 _/' /»■ Store 33 xirstPreBhyter£a7j. CTiureh <34WaitJiath.0z*n 26 DtuellmoHb. 27 Jsra cZKnapptfo. & Cooper Ah o% 28 JohnBird.L awyer 29 Jesse Benham. 30 Jolt n. WoodzvortA 31 , , » , ZuwQ/ftt. 82 DaivrenccDorjet 35Dwelliny 36 Cooper Shop ottto. ^|0V^' Mil TheNorthern Allotment; Property ofdacoiT.VanDerSeyden " bounded Worth iuPiscawenltiTl /South iy CfrandDivision St. was. Surveyed osmvteet, JVbrthSy' Grand Division St. South iy Z)ir/ision St. was Surveyed & Mapped it/ mii stores Banter, Ma.y fst. 1tS7 Vly JHhrvN^^T Tan Men, Sept. loth. 7801. ^ The Southern Allotment; %=i Property of IWattAias VanDerlfeyden , Sg ZotmdccZjVtfrth ZyDivtjion St. South iy ^ l PoestenXzZZ, was Surveyed ADfapped ty.z^ -•. <7ohnEVa.r>~£Zen.2V{ay70&. 1783. ^ c tiii '■Pqu,/£ q 9Zk JC A AM S IDj, XT WiUon^' f»T V " '"""Mim. ,,, JasB* WmSAeh EanZJMe Gra S ^- C> S3VP c iOOSEEGG lO. E ^ Sintered according -toActqfConyress intTte year 7876, Z>y We/SE&BARDlN enfAe Oyytoe0f-theJZi6rarianop>Conyre^s ad Washington., 32 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY, densome for them to carry their wishes into effect without calling in the aid of their friends and'fellow-christians; we therefore, the trustees of said congregation, have and do hereby appoint Jacob D. Van der Heyden to present this our memorial to all whom he shall think proper, requesting their aid and assistance in the completion of the above undertaking." The contract for enclosing the build- ing was let to Abel House, Robert Powers, Henry and John De Camp, and Benjamin Smith, and for doing this work they were to receive " forty-six pounds, thirteen shillings, York money, in cash ; and ninety-three pounds, seven shillings, in European and West In- dian goods at the retail cash prices in Troy." The ground upon which the edifice was built was donated by Jacob D Van der Hey- den. In the spring of 1793 a floor was laid, and a temporary plat- form erected preparatory to the ordination of the pastor. Blocks of wood were brought into the building, and boards placed upon them for the seating of the people. On Tuesday, the twenty-fifth of June, the Rev. Jonas Coe was ordained in the new meeting house, by the Presbytery of Albany, as pastor over the united congregations of Troy and Lansingburgh, in the presence of a large audience. "On the occasion, the Rev. John McDonald presided, and delivered a solemn and pathetic discourse from the address of Paul to the elders of Ephesus, Acts 20 : 28. The Rev. Simon Hosic gave the charge to the newly ordained minister, and the Rev. Aaron Condict ad- dressed the people. All was conducted with propriety and dignity becoming the solemnity of the occasion." The interior of the church was not entirely completed and furnished until several years thereafter. The remains of Derick Van der Heyden and his wife, which at their death, some years previous, had been buried in the back part of their garden, were, on the completion of the meeting- house, deposited in a vault which had been constructed under it for that purpose. In lieu of a national circulating medium, foreign specie was em- ployed in facilitating the business transactions of the merchants and the other inhabitants of Troy ; and for amounts less than one dollar paper money (shin-plasters) was substituted, in the various denomi- nate values of shillings and pence. The firm of Jonathan and Al- sop Hunt were among the first to issue these notes of hand, which were in the form of the following copy : HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY }d.] JHREE PENCE. [$d.^ \®)( lAfE Promife to pay the Bear-)(£\® %){ VV er, THREE PENCE, on)(05 •|Udemand at our store. ){W 33 Printed by R. Barber. [3d.j The Trustees of the Presbyterian congregation also put into cir- culation corresponding notes, whereby the weekly contributions of the members were more promptly and regularly collected. zd. Two Pence. z &'\ jft&'pZ '33U3J omjl Obverse. Reverse. Spanish coin was received from New York in small wooden kegs, which being opened, were deposited in the various stores behind the counter, on the ledge of the lower shelving. The number of kegs, with their shining contents thus exposed by the merchants, naturally advertised their resources, and readily attracted the attention of the observant Dutch farmers. The grain merchants of Albany and Lansingburgh, for some time previous, had been accustomed to make as great a show and parade of their money as was possible, and by this method of publishing their resources, had already se- 5 34 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. cured the trade and custom of a large circle of the adjacent farm- ers. Not to be outdone by the show and parade of these compet- ing merchants, Benjamin Covell, who was always alive to the inter- ests of Troy, as well as to his own prosperity, originated a very enticing mode of attracting customers by a more free and open dis- play of coin. This device, while it increased his own business, also gave to the new village an additional reputation for greater wealth and superior resources than was desired by the merchants of the two neighboring places. In the open space between his counter and shelves, early one morning, he arranged a row of empty but headed barrels, upon the tops of which he poured the contents of a number of coin kegs, so that the barrels had the appearance of being filled with Spanish dollars. One unheaded cask filled out the row, and into it he emptied another keg of money. Thus prepared, the doors of his store were opened for the business of the day. During the morning, a Dutch farmer arrived with a load of wheat. The price for it was arranged, and the grain stored away. Return- ing to the store, Benjamin Covell at once proceeded to pay for the wheat from the partly filled barrel of coin. While he slowly gath- ered up the specie, ample time was given the farmer to observe closely the great quantity of money apparently contained in the bar- rels. With an assumed indifference to the amazed expression visible upon the face of his rural customer, Benjamin Covell counted out over the counter the money due him. Then, as was quite custom- ary, he importuned the farmer for a continuance of his trade, and also desired him to enlist his neighbors in bestowing upon him, or any of the merchants of Troy, the favor of their patronage, at the same time informing him that while the merchants of Lan- singburgh and of the more remote city of Albany, were doing a re- tail trade in grain and country produce, and were receiving their money in kegs, Troy, on the contrary, was doing especially a whole- sale business in those articles, and found it advantageous to have Spanish silver in barrels. With this exciting information, the Dutch farmer, who had been paid a high price for his wheat, wended his way homeward, and through him and his friends the news was rap- idly spread, of the wonderful advances Troy was making, and of the great quantities of money that were needed to sustain its wholesale dealings with the surrounding country. About this time, Benjamin Covell rode down to Albany one morn- ing, and in the street, among the grain wagons of the countrymen, HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 35 he publicly announced the price he was paying for wheat at Troy, which was somewhat higher than that given by the Albany mer- chants. The effect was, that while returning home, (as he afterwards related the circumstance,) chancing to look back upon the road, it seemed to him as if he was in command of a great procession, for the economic farmers, immediately on the publication of his prices, turned their teams and followed him to Troy, where on that day he made a great purchase of wheat and produce. No little trouble was occasioned, one season, by a general scarcity of Spanish coin. Although every endeavor was made to obtain a sufficient quantity in the city of New York, yet the Troy merchants were obliged instead to use English crowns, possessing a different value from the money formerly current. In the purchase of wheat a crown was reckoned at the value of one dollar and ten cents, or nine, with an additional Spanish sixpence, were equal to ten dol- lars. This dissimilar computation did not appear satisfactory to the Dutch farmers, who could not understand any just reason for such an equalization of standard values. Explanations were offered, but still the Dutchmen were suspicious, and for a time withheld their products from the Troy market. This peculiarity of the workings of the Dutch mind is illus- trated in an incident with which Jacob D. Van der Heyden was connected. After a portion of his farm had been surveyed, he em- ployed a form of conveyance similar to that adopted in the landed grants of the Van Rensselaers, and sold lots in fee, subject to the payment of an annual ground rent. Wait Rathbun, a man of some means, from Connecticut, arrived in the village about the year 1790, and applied to him for a lot whereon to build. Instead of conform- ing to the mode adopted by Jacob D. Van der Heyden, he offered him cash in payment, proposing to become the absolute owner im- mediately. This offer was met with a decided refusal, for there was something in such a method of dealing very suspicious to the Pat- roon. He could not understand why Wait Rathbun should want to purchase for cash, when by paying a smaller sum of money each year he could as easily become the owner. The conduct of Jacob D. Van der Heyden highly incensed Wait Rathbun, and in this mood he proceeded to New City with a view of seeking a residence there. Dr. Gale and Benjamin Covell being informed of the nature of the disagreement, and aware of the monetary benefits which would result from the location of Wait Rathbun in Troy, at once called upon 36 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Jacob D. Van der Heyden, and with much earnest persuasion induc- ed him to alter his mode of selling, so as to accommodate the New Englander with a lot. Procuring a wagon, the three proceeded at once to New City, where they found Wait Rathbun, and after an apology from Jacob D. Van der Heyden, an agreement was en- tered into between the Patroon and Wait Rathbun, whereby the latter became the first occupant of the lot on the northwest corner of Congress and First streets. Closely following the choice of county officers, the selection of a permanent site for the erection of county buildings became a ques- tion of absorbing interest to the inhabitants of the rival villages of Troy and Lansingburgh. Each was aware of the important local benefits which it would derive from being in- vested with the prerogatives of a county town. Lansingburgh, as the older settlement, set forth its claims of age and growth, and Troy argued that its position was central and convenient of approach. As the decision lay with the Legislature, the Trojans, with shrewd fore- sight, nominated as candidates for Senator and Assemblymen 1 in- dividuals of unquestioned ability and of unequalled popularity. They named Robert Woodworth for Senator; Christopher Hutton, Josiah Masters, Nicholas Staats, Jonathan Niles and Benjamin Hicks for Assemblymen. The entire ticket was elected, although a mixed one of Federalists and Anti-Federalists. To avoid any ap- pearance of partiality, it was announced by these newly-elected leg- islators that the village which should subscribe the more liberally for the erection of the necessary buildings, would have the prefer- ence in the decision. Lansingburgh was quite assured that in this * particular Troy would not be successful. The Trojans were few in number, young adventurers, with no capital, and were already weighted with debt. But the prize was worth an effort, and the people of Troy, united and zealous, determined to make the most of this opportunity for making the village the county seat of gov- ernment. Quietly and persistently a subscription paper was circu- lated and signed, some men writing their names for more than they were actually worth, while others gave generously of their more abundant means. No one was overlooked, but every person solic- ited. Colonel Albert Pawling, then County Sheriff, often took with him the subscription paper as he traveled through the county on of- 1 The Assemblymen for 1791, were Thomas Sickles, Jonathan Brown, John W. Schermerhorn, John Knickerbacker, Jr., and Moses Vail. Lj_^^ / _^._ z ^ 5>w , -Z&-OK14 *~Z3Z£ ~fXZXre£cu* ,^ jl.^. 4 <* ^^ /ji2r 2T_ y\3^^,~ ycr^a^i^ 3^*7$y />n~r,§hi __ ^0 -0-0 <@"y rw^r* <^l^£0 /^^ /iXrJUo „ -, Ab-0.0 0^vT-*4{~ y Sb&0% _ _ _ _ _ ,£. .£ ^m&ri is%&%fr-> j a -0 — c -4 ' -^^^^^ /-^-<* J? J>. a o —20/=* 4, J- w /" 2 cr c^***- &^^ fl4 *-s*^rr-> tees/ 4 a/iL C//^u> / i^*^' t7o<»vi/L& HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. J $ congregations in Lansingburgh and Troy. With this needed assist- ance, it was at once determined to call a meeting of all those favor- ing the organization of an Episcopal Church. The necessary notice was given, and the meeting of January 16, 1804, was held in the Court House for this purpose. At this meeting Nicholas Schuyler presided, and Eliakim Warren and Jeremiah Pierce were elected Church Wardens, and Nicholas Schuyler, David Buel, Lemuel Hawley, Thomas Davis, Thomas Hillhouse, John Bird, William S. Parker, and Hugh Peebles, Vestrymen. During the same month, Rev. David Butler was also chosen Rector. It had been proposed that one church edifice central to the two vil- lages of Troy and Lansingburgh, should be erected, but the sugges- tion did not meet with acceptance. At a meeting held March 8th, 1804, it was determined that two lots should be purchased on the north-west corner of Congress and Third streets, which at that time belonged to John Bird, one of the recently elected vestrymen. Daniel Merritt and John McCoun were appointed appraisers at the suggestion of the owner, who was unwilling to fix a price upon them, and desired that the Church should nominate their value. The lots fronted one hundred feet on Third street, and sixty-five feet on Congress street, and the committee named their valuation at four hundred and twenty-five dollars. The building committee con- sisting of David Buel, Thomas Davis and Nicholas Schuyler were ordered " to contract with proper workmen to put up the building of the church, the frame to be well put up and filled in with brick, one thick." On the twentieth day of April, Lemuel Hawley and Jeremiah Pierce changed places, the former having been chosen a warden and the latter a vestryman. Daniel Jones was elected a vestryman in place of William S. Parker, who became treasurer and clerk. The following notice of the laying of the corner-stone, on the second day of July, appeared in the Albany Gazette of July 3d, 1804: " It cannot but be pleasing to the friends of religion to notice the ardour for erecting convenient places of public worship, which at present actuates the citizens of this flourishing village. This ar- dour is not confined to any particular sect or class of worshippers, but seems equally diffused through all classes, which exhibits itself in their liberal subscriptions for the erection of churches the present season. Yesterday morning at ten o'clock the Rev. David Butler, accompanied by the Rev. Mr. Coe ; pastor of the Presbyterian 74 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Church, and a respectable number of citizens, formed in procession and proceeded to the spot destined for the Protestant Episcopal Church, and with the usual exercises of prayer, vocal and instru- mental music, &c, laid the corner stone, upon which to build an edifice for the public worship of God." The building was erected during the year, and early in the sum- merof 1805 the church was completed. The sittings of the **' church were disposed of in the following manner, as pub- lished in the Northern Budget of June 18, 1805 : " The pews and seats in St. Paul's Church will be sold at public vendue on Wednesday, the 26th inst., at the church, at ten o'clock in the forenoon. The conditions are, one-quarter of the purchase money to be paid when the lease is executed, — one-quarter in six months, — one-quarter in twelve months, and the last quarter in eighteen months from the date, with interest ; a note with a good endorser to be executed immediately after the sale ; each pew or seat subject to a certain annual rent for the support of the Rector. Those who have subscribed and paid towards the building of the church, or towards the purchase of the organ, will have the sum paid deducted from the pew or seat they purchase. By order of the Vestry. William S. Parker, Treasurer. "June 17, 1805. On the day of the publication of this notice, Bishop Benjamin Moore granted the Rev. David Butler his letter of institution into the Parish of St. Paul's Church in Troy, and on Wednesday, Jan- uary 8, 1806, he was instituted according to the office then in use in the church, by the Rev. Frederick Beasley, of Albany, assisted by the Rev. Frederick Van Home, of Ballston, and the Rev. Cyrus Stebbins, of Schenectady. On the day thereafter he was inducted as Rector also of Trinity Church in Lansingburgh. From this time he officiated regularly, twice each Sunday, once in Troy, and once in Lansingburgh, except on every fourth Sunday, when he officiated once in Waterford. On the twenty-first day of August, the Right Rev. Bishop Moore consecrated the church, and desig- nated it by the name of St. Paul's Church. In the afternoon about seventy persons were added to the Church by the rite of confirma- tion, which at the beginning of the organization only numbered three communicant members, namely, Eliakim Warren and wife, and Lemuel Hawley. The organ, which had been placed in the building at its completion, was constructed in England, and had been used HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 75 in the old French Church in New York. For two decades it was the only organ in Troy, and probably in the county. The desk of the Parish Clerk was immediately below that of the minister, as in old English churches. The Canticles were always read until the enlargement of the church, at which time, to compromise with some of the dissatisfied members respecting the new innovation of chant- ing them, an order was adopted in the service by which but one of the Canticles was chanted, either the Venite or Jubilate, and also the same at the evening service. Later, all the Canticles were sung except the Te Deum, which hymn of praise was never sung in the old brick edifice, while occupied by St. Paul's congregation. In the winter of 1803-4 a project of bridging the Hudson river at the foot of Ferry street, was enthusiatically discussed, and legislative action was sought by those most directly inter- ested. A bill for this purpose was passed on the ninth day of April, 1804, by the Legislature, constituting George Tibbits, Jacob D. Van der Heyden, Ephraim Morgan, Daniel Merritt, Thomas Hill- house, John Woodworth, Derick Lane, Philip Heartt and Esaias Warren, directors. This bridge company had corporate powers granted it for a period of seventy-five years ; the number of shares were not to exceed three thousand, at fifty dollars per share ; after the completion of the bridge no other one could be erected within two miles of it ; the bridge was to be at least twenty-five feet wide, covered with a flooring of plank not less than three inches thick, and the sides to be secured by good and substantial railings, not less than four feet in height. This project was not carried into execu- tion, and it was not until many years after, that a bridge was con- structed across the Hudson at Troy. Among the denominational associations which began a career of usefulness and regenerative influence early in the present century, was the Friends' Society of Troy. The Quaker element of that day was represented by some of the most prominent settlers, whose solid worth and business energy gave Troy both credit and growth. It was not until about November, 1803, that a local organization was effected ; previous to this time, several private meetings only had been held by permission of the Easton Monthly Meeting at the residences of some of the Friends in Troy and vicinity. One of these meetings, held in the capacious barn of Zachariah Garnryck, a short distance from the village, north of the Hoosick road, and east of the Lester farm, is thus described by Joseph Brintnall, a j6 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. leading Quaker of the period. The barn was a large one, having a high, double-pitched roof, which extended three-fourths the dis- tance downward from the ridge-pole to where it met the upright sides. It faced to the east, and through the middle of the struc- ture, a little above the ground on which it stood, the threshing floor extended from front to rear. This had been swept with care, and seats were arranged upon the sides of the enclosure for the accom- modation of the meeting. There were present more people than could be provided with seats inside, and such as could not be thus accommodated found sitting places upon the sills and sides of the front platform, which led up on an incline from the ground to meet the level of the floor. Those present, as remembered, were Daniel Merritt and wife, Jacob Merritt, Zachariah Garnryck and family, John Gifford and wife. The latter preached to the assembled friends, and the meeting proved a source of great satisfaction to those present at the time. The men wore broad-brimmed hats, and wooden buttons on their coats." This meeting was followed by others, and afterwards the Society met at stated periods in a build- ing of Josiah Chapman on Ferry street. About the year 1804, Daniel and Jacob Merritt were the possessors of the lot on the south-west corner of Fourth and State streets, which had on it at that time a double tenement house, built of wood and in an unfinished condition. This property was commended to them as a suitable location for a meeting house. The matter of purchasing it was referred to a committee, which reported in April, 1806, that the terms of Daniel and Jacob Merrit, who offered the house and lot for twenty-three hundred dollars, the house to be fur- nished with out-houses, and the lot to be fenced, should be accepted. It appears that no immediate action was had upon the acceptance of the report, other than that the Society rented the premises at one hundred dollars per annum, until October 7th, 1807, when the lot was deeded to Edward Southwick and Abraham Staples, Trustees of the Society, for the sum reported by the committee. As the pro- perty of the local Meetings was held by the Monthly Meeting, these Trustees deeded the lot and buildings to Joseph Brintnall of Troy, Lewis Tabor of Easton, and Adam Allen of Cambridge, Trustees of the Easton Monthly Meeting. The meetings of the Society of Friends were at this period distinguished by four different names, each name being characteristic of the Meeting designated. These Meetings were : the local or Preparatory Meeting, the Monthly HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. JJ Meeting, the Quarterly Meeting, and the Yearly Meeting. The Society here was called the Troy Preparatory Meeting, which was connected with the Monthly Meeting held in Easton, and the Year- ly Meeting in New York City. The more prominent Friends were Robert Barton, Thomas Betts, Joseph Brintnall, Josiah Chapman, Job Collins, Zachariah Garnryck, John Gifford, James and Robert Hagen, Charles Hurstfield, Aaron Jones, Daniel, Jacob and Isaac Merritt, Jonathan Mabbitt, Samuel Peckham, Abijah Purington, "William Renouf, Alfred Richardson, Edward Southwick, Abram Staples, Nathaniel Starbuck, and John Williams. An incident is narrated which illustrates the manner in which they enforced and practiced what they believed and professed. A member had been reported as selling liquor, contrary to the discipline of the Society. He was called before a business meeting, where he did not satisfac torily answer the questions propounded. A committee was at once appointed to visit him at his warehouse. Liquor was found, and he was at once disowned by the offended Friends. This occurred be- fore the day of temperance organizations, and shows the early posi- tion taken by the Quakers respecting the sale of spirituous liquors. In the year 1804, Dr. Moses Hale came to Troy as a physician and surgeon. A man of remarkable intelligence and a lover of sci- entific pursuits, he afterwards became greatly honored for his active participation in the establishment and prosperity of the Troy Lyceum of Natural History. This same year Abram Nash arrived in the village. He became engaged in carpentry, and was for a number of years a partner of Leander Childs, as a builder and contractor. On the 27th day of April, 1805, the book and stationery firm of Obadiah Penniman & Co. dissolved. Sylvanus J. Penni- man went out of the firm, which was continued under the former name by the remaining partners, Obadiah Penniman and William S. Parker. The latter shortly afterwards became sole owner of the business. The city authorities this year resolved to have street names on boards erected at the corners of certain streets, and twenty-five dollars was appropriated for the purpose. Imprisonment for debt was one of the early features of the laws of the State of New York, and the Troy jail appears not only to have been well filled with these impecunious prisoners, but to have been also a place of suffering and physical distress. The weekly 78 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. newspaper of August 13th published this card, which was evidently truthful in fact, as no contradiction was made to the asserted poverty and want of the prisoners at the time of its publication : " To the Humane and Benevolent. — It is through real neces- sity that the debtors in jail make known their situation to the public. With diffidence they solicit the citizens to help them so far as to keep them from hunger ; as the law gives no relief, and consequent- ly, if unable to help themselves and unassisted by a charitable com- munity, they must inevitably starve. One of their number is two hundred miles away from his friends and family, without money or credit. " They tender their grateful acknowledgements to a number of families, who have given them repeated assistance. Broken meat, &c, and many things which go to waste, would greatly relieve them, and be received with heartfelt gratitude. Troy Jail, Aug. 13, 1805." Previous to the day of glittering caravans of wild-beasts, mena- geries and circuses, one or two wild and strange animals were taken about the country on exhibition. These were generally exhibited at some leading hotel for a number of days. The Troy Gazette of October 8, 1805, advertises with a wood-cut of an elephant, the following : " A Live Elephant. — To be seen in the village of Troy, at the house of Howard Moulton, from Tuesday morning the 8th of Octo- ber inst., where she will continue till Thursday evening, the 10th. Price of admission, twenty-five cents, children half price." The surroundings of a Troy tavern are fully described in the ad- vertisement which follows : " House of Entertainment. — The subscriber has opened, at the north end of the village of Troy, a Tavern, sign of The Hart, nearly opposite A. Smith's inn, where he calculates to keep a still, civil house, and the best attention given those who please to call. Con- stantly on hand, the best of Hay ; good stable room sufficient for thirty spans of horses; good and safe yards for wagons and sleighs; good store room for goods that are moving. " He also intends keeping a Register-book, in which he will make a memorandum of goods left in this village to be carried into the country ; so that merchants or teamsters may by inquiring, get in- formation gratis. " Rules of the House : No profane language ; no noisy, quarrel- some fellows; no fighting or threatenings; no gambling, which is the HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 79 foundation of the above profanities. Horses kept for three shillings a night per span. Troy, Dec. 3, 1805. Moses Craft." With this provident landlord, and such conveniences of entertain- ment, "The Hart" was doubtless frequented and patronized by com- mercial travelers and general wayfarers. • A tavern, located where the Troy House is now situated, was in 1806 kept by Piatt Titus. Connected with it was a stage office, and two stages left its doors daily for Albany. This inn, like Ashley's in the early history of the village, became noted afterwards as an excellent house of entertainment, a public place of local resort, and where the village and city authorities held their meetings, and where Apollo Lodge possessed a room known as St. John's Hall. The appearance of Troy in 1806, its progress and prospects, are very explicitly set forth in an article published in the Troy Gazette, in the month of June of that year. This descrip- tion is in keeping with the predictions of the visiting foreigners heretofore mentioned, and presages the destiny of the struggling and growing vilUge, with an assurance of language which is almost prophetic: '* The buildings are chiefly situated in River, First, Second and Third streets. The lots in those streets are taken up, and with some exceptions, occupied with buildings; and many lots, especially in River street, have two, and some «three buildings in front. Fourth street already contains several buildings and many inhabitants ; several new and good buildings are soon to be put up there, as the lots are taken up and considered very valuable. Fifth street has but few houses as yet ; and but few of the lots in Sixth street are taken up. The village lots were mostly laid out one hundred and forty feet deep, and fifty feet front on the streets running north and south ; an alley twenty feet wide separates them in the rear. Six hundred and eight lots are already laid out on the estate of Jacob D. Vanderheyden, and several more on the land further south. All the lots that lie on the cross streets will afford at least two additional house lots, should the population of the village ever require, or the high price of building lots tempt the subdivision of them, a thing no way improbable. Even the lots, fronting the other streets, only may afford two building lots, as has been the case with many of them already— so that the land of Jacob D. Vanderheyden will ad- mit of the erection of fifteen or sixteen hundred dwelling houses 80 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. and stores, together with out-houses sufficient for the same. The land at the south part of the village will afford building lots even to the bounds of the corporation, by bringing earth from the hill which is near. The land north of Division street will make good building lots to the north bounds of the village, as incorporated. As circumstances require, therefore, the village will extend about two miles on the river, and half a mile back — affording room for four or five thousand houses and their requisite out-buildings. To this may be added the hill on the east, which with the same expense, would afford as good building lots as those on the hill and its de- clivity in the city of Albany, which already constitute nearly half of the city. At the middle and upper parts of the village, the hill is neither very rough nor steep ; and even where it is so, it will gradu- ally be leveled and smoothed down, as there is now, and will for many years to come be wanted immense quantities of earth to make docks (or wharves) to form another street below River street on the head of the docks, and to raise and prepare the ground for build- ings, yards, &:c., in those parts of the village where the land is low and wet. The bounds of the corporation may moreover be extended eastwardly to a great distance if necessary, and perhaps, northerly ; which is not, however, probable now, though possible hereafter, The village was incorporated by an act of Assembly in April, 1801, and its bounds were altered in 1803, so far as to extend from the Poesten Kill on the south, to a small creek on the north, which is also the south bounds of the village of Lansingburgh. On a peti- tion of the inhabitants, a new act of incorporation was passed at the last session of the Legislature of the State, vesting in the Presi- dent and Trustees powers competent to the enacting and vigorous enforcement of such laws and ordinances as shall be deemed con- ducive to the interests, peace and safety of the inhabitants within the corporation. There are in the village, four houses of public worship, belonging to four congregations; viz: one for Presbyterians, one for Episcopalians, one for Friends, and one for Baptists. The Presbyterian meeting house was built in 1792; St. Paul's, with a good organ, in 1804; the Friends' meeting house in 1804, and the Baptist meeting house in 1805." The wards of the village in this year were divided by the follow- ing limits : First Ward. — From the south limits of the city (the Poesten Kill) to a line drawn through the center of Ferry street. £%Z3 ^ ~/^w. -&. f^rH^^-^^^^ HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 8 1 Second Ward — From Ferry to the center line of State street. Third Ward. — From State street to the center line of Elbow (Fulton) street. Fourth Ward. — From Elbow street to a line drawn due east from the mouth of the creek on which J. D. Vanderheyden's mill stood. The village Trustees this year determined to remove the old mar- ket house from State street, and to purchase a lot on the north-west corner of Third and State streets for the erection of a suitable building. An appropriation of one thousand dollars was made for this purpose. On the first day of July, 1806, the Rensselaer County Medical Society was organized, which for many years had, and still has, for its membership, the leading physicians in Troy and its vicinity. The first officers were: Dr. Benjamin Woodward, President; Dr. John Loudon, Vice-President; Dr. Samuel Gale, Treasurer; Dr. I. M. Wells, Secretary ; Doctors Ely Burritt, Moses Willard, Hezekiah Eldridge, Daniel Doolittle, Benjamin Rowe, Moses Hale and Aaron D. Patchin, Censors. The legal profession was represented by a small circle of attorneys. The most prominent in addition to those heretore mentioned were Jeremiah Osborne, a partner of Judge John Woodworth. The lat- ter was appointed Attorney-General of the State, on the 3d of February, 1804, and in 1806 removed his residence to Albany. Their office was on the east side of First street, two doors north of Ferry street. Samuel Starr and Daniel Jones were members of a prominent law firm, as also were Ebenezer Foote and Levi Rumsey. William M. Bliss, John Russell and Ruggles Hubbard were leading lawyers about this time. Daniel Hall, a graduate of Middle - bury College, entered the office of William M. Bliss at the age of nineteen. William L. Marcy of Massachusetts entered the same office in 1807, and John P. Cushman a year afterward. Daniel Hall was admitted to practice October 3d, 1809, and William L. Marcy and John P. Cushman remained in Mr. Bliss's office until the former had taken his diploma in 18 10. Amasa Paine removed to Troy from Windsor, Vermont, in 1807, and immediately com- menced the practice of the law. After Daniel Hall had been admit- ted, Amasa Paine (who was his uncle) and he formed the law firm of Paine & Hall, which continued until May 14, 1814. Archibald Bull entered Jeremiah Osborne's office in 1807, and continued with 82 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. him until the latter becoming involved in a personal difficulty depart- ed from Troy. Archibald Bull then removed to John Russell's office, where Reuben H. Walworth was a reading clerk. Ebenezer Wilson, Jr., was a student in Starr and Jones's office. John A. Collyer, afterwards State Controller, was also studying in the same office. Stephen Ross and Alanson Douglass were also among the leading lawyers of that day. The majority of these counselors sub- sequently attained high positions in the offices of the State and nation, and were seldom excelled in brilliancy of thought, legal acumen, and forensic elequence. It was not an uncommon sight to see bands of wandering Indians in the streets of the village at this day. The Stockbridge tribe was more generally represented than any other of the aboriginal people of Northern New York, for they were claimants of the terri- tory of Rensselaerwyck on the eastern side of the Hudson river, and in this respect were more in favor with the people than the Mohawks of the western side. Often scenes similar to the one de- scribed in the Troy Gazette of July 8th, 1806, occurred in the vil- lage, and caused the people considerable apprehension as to the direful consequences which might on some occasion result from them. " On Friday last, the Fourth of July, in this village, two Indians, we believe of the Stockbridge tribe, many of which daily throng our streets, fell into dispute about the ' gestion ' of some of their moral matters, on which it is understood they have been some- what at variance. Participating largely in the liberty and liquor which usually warms the breasts of independent and unshackled patriots of all professions on the Fourth of July, and not submitting themselves to any laws, gave a savage specimen of their being supe- rior to civilized people ; — first, the eldest by stabbing the younger with his long knife in an oblique direction below the short ribs, sev- eral inches deep ; and next, the wounded one (while others of the tribe used their bows and arrows,) knocked his assailant down, broke his skull with a heavy stone, and beat him with his bow. It was thought he was killed, but in a few minutes he was up and walked. But as their wounds were so bad that not more than one of either is expected to recover, it was thought best not to trust to contempt for punishing them, but to confine them at least for awhile. So these sheep, so much happier of themselves, were taken into cus- tody by the wolves." After being committed to the jail, Dr. John Loudon was sent for, who trepanned the skull of the older Indian, HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 83 and removed the broken parts. Before beginning this painful ope- ration, it was suggested to the Indian that it was necessary that he should be bound, so as not to disturb the surgeon by any movement of his body while operating upon his head. The savage scornfully refused to be tied, and, with great stolidity of manner, sat unmoved during the Doctor's manipulations. The enterprise of the Troy book publishers is exhibited in the following literary notice : "American Edition of Hudibras. The subscribers have just put to press, and will have ready for sale in the spring, a new (and they believe the first American) edition of Hudibras, &c. Troy, Jan. 14, 1806. Wright, Goodenow & Stock- well." The editorial pen of a weekly journal, like the bolts of Jupiter, discharged its wrath upon a few undutiful individuals who did not perform the obligations incumbent upon them at a fire which had lately occurred in the village, in these words : " We cannot refrain, however, from insisting that we need another engine and a heavy bell ; an engine at least, to play upon a set of things in the shape of men, that lurk about the sunny side of houses at a distance, to see their neighbors' houses burn, as if they feared they should be burned themselves, and while we cannot but applaud a number of women who most nobly volunteered to pass the buck- ets, we think that in future they would do well first to put certain men safely to bed at home, to keep them out of sight and out of the way of those who have some feeling for their neighbors, and to women, or for themselves." The women mentioned in this article are thus publicly thanked by the village authorities. " The ladies of Troy, who handed the empty buckets, will please receive the thanks of the President. March 24, 1807. Edward Tylee, Presi- dent of the Village." While Troy was in such ways concerned with its own local affairs, the great world of men was busy elsewhere, struggling to advance the general interests of trade and commerce. The application of steam for the propulsion of water craft inaugurated an era of events great and important to the people living along the waters of the Hudson river. In September of this year Robert Fulton, with his new steamboat, the Clermont, was making regular trips between Al- bany and New York. This boat which was originally one hundred feet long, twelve wide and seven deep, was lengthened in 1808 to one hundred and fifty, and widened eighteen feet, and the name was 84 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. changed to " The North River." It is thus described by the Hud- son Bee, in 1808 : " The steamboat is certainly an interesting cu- riosity to strangers. To see this large and apparently unwieldy machine without oars or sails, propelled through the element by in- visible agency, at a rate of four miles an hour, would be a novelty in any quarter of the globe, as we understand there is none in Europe that has succeeded on the plan upon which this is constructed. The length of the boat is one hundred and fifty feet, and her width in proportion, so as not to impede her sailing. The machine which moves her wheels is called, we believe, a twenty-horse machine, or equal to the power of so many horses, and is kept in motion by steam from a copper boiler eight or ten feet in length. The wheels are on each side, similar to those of water mills, and under cover; they are moved backwards or forwards, separately or together, at pleasure. Her principal advantage is in calms, or against head- winds When the wind is fair, light square sails, &c, are employed to increase her speed. Her accommodations, (fifty-two berths, be- sides sofas, &c.,) are said to be equal or superior to any vessel that floats on the river, and are necessarily extensive, as all the space oc- cupied by the machinery is fitted in the most convenient manner. Her route between New York, and Albany is a distance of one hun- dred and sixty miles, which she performs regularly twice a week, sometimes in the short period of thirty-two hours, exclusive of de- tention by taking in and landing passengers On her passage last week she left New York with one hundred passengers, and from Albany with eighty to ninety." The steamboat Fire Fly was the first boat of the kind that plied between Albany and Troy. It was built in 1S12, and commenced running between the two places in September of that year, making two trips daily. Perhaps sometime previous to the Fire Fly, another boat was plying between Troy and Albany, but of her character nothing is known except what may be gleaned from the following statement in Munsell's "Annals of Albany": "The passage boat Trial, moving by machinery invented by Abraham Randal, of the town of Colonie, was advertised to again begin her course on the 14th of May, between Albany and Troy, twice a day, at two shil- lings each passenger trip. The boat would be let to select parties in the evening for three dollars." From this time onward, Troy was allowed the choice of sail or steam vessels for passage and freight to and from New York. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 85 Among the early military organizations of the village were the Troy Fusileers and the Troy Invincibles. The first company wore blue coats with red facings, collars and cuffs , white pants, a helmet with an open ridge on top, in which lay a black ostrich feather drooping toward the front, and on the side was an. upright white feather with a red tip ; and a black leather stock supporting the chin of the soldier. The officers of this company were Nathaniel Adams, Captain; Amos Salisbury, Lieutenant, and Oliver Lyon, Ensign. The Invincibles were commanded by Captain Guilford D. Young. This company was similarly uniformed as the Fusileers, excepting a hat with a visor in front and a brass shield above it near the top. A small twisted cord hung alongside of the hat, which was further adorned with a black cockade and feather. The Trojan Greens also appear to have been a favorite company. They were dressed in green coats, faced with black velvet, as were also the col- lar and cuffs. Their hats were similar to those of the Fusileers. They were provided with rifles, powder horn, a bullet pouch, and instead of a bayonet, had tomahawks hanging to their belts. Be- sides marching to the music of a kettle-drum and fife, this company was the first Trojan organization that added a bass drum to their martial music. The Lieutenants were always called Leftenants. The officers were Thomas Davis, Captain ; William S. Parker, Lieu- tenant, and Stephen Warren, Ensign. The Trojan Greens were or- ganized in the autumn of 1806. In November of the year 1807, the company was presented with a rich and elegant stand of colors, the presentation being made by Colonel Derick Lane, in the presence of Brigadier General Moffit, Colonel Yates, and other military offi- cers. A favorite couplet heard at that time was : " A white cockade and a peacock's feather, The Trojan Greens will die together." An English traveller, John Lambert, who was journeying from Montreal, at the close of this year, writes of Troy as follows : " We reached Lansingburgh about four o'clock in the morning, but it was so dark that I could only discern that it consisted of one long street of large brick houses, many of them apparently handsome buildings. Troy is situated but a few miles from Lansingburgh, and we arrived there about five o'clock. We put up at a large inn. Troy is a well built town, consisting chiefly of one street of handsome red brick houses, upwards of a mile and a half in length. There are two or three short streets which branch off from the main one ; but it is in 86 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. the latter that all the principal stores, warehouses and shops are sit- uated. It also contains several excellent inns and taverns. The houses are all new, and lofty, and built with much taste and sim- plicity, though convenience and accommodation seem to have guided the architect more than ornament. The deep red brick, well pointed, gives the buildings an air of neatness and cleanliness seldom met with in old towns. The trade which Troy has opened with the new settlements to the northward, through the States of New York and Vermont, as far as Canada, is very extensive, and in another twenty years it promises to rival the old established city of Albany. Its prosperity is indeed already looked upon with an eye of jealousy by the people of the latter place. While we were at breakfast, newspapers came in from New York, containing accounts of the English expedition to Copenhagen, and the refusal of the British government to agree to the proposals of Mr. Pinckney to negotiate a treaty upon the same terms as had been before so haugh- tily rejected and sent back by Mr Jefferson. We were much inter- ested with the news, and the Americans appeared apprehensive that a war would take place between the two countries Several stran- gers came into the room and began to make some observations on the news, but none of our party made them any reply. I soon per- ceived that the people were divided into two parties, the Federalists and the Democrats, and that both were equally violent in their pol- itical altercations. The Federalists are as partial to the English as the Democrats are to the French, and the people of those nations who reside in the States enlist themselves under the banners of these two parties. After breakfast we crossed the Hudson in a ferryboat, and got out of the stage which was going to Albany. It is in the form of a large coach, with open sides and front, and has a fiat roof, sup- ported by eight pillars. The panels do not come up higher than the hip, and in wet or cold weather leathern curtains are let down on each side ; the buttons and straps are however frequently broken off, so that the wind and rain often find a ready admittance. It is always drawn by four horses." A branch of the great political organization, and the oldest in the State of New York, the Tammany Society or Columbian Order, was established in Troy on the fifteenth day of June, 1808. The legend connected with the name of the Society is, that the title Tammany, or Tammenund, belonged to an Indian chief of the Delaware nation. He was the leading sachem of his HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 87 tribe, and was a great friend of the white people. His favorite motto was : " Unite in peace for happiness, and in war for defense." The Order was instituted on the 12th day of May, 17S9, and is de- scribed briefly in the following paragraph from the New York Daily Gazette of May 12, 1790 : " The Society of St. Tammany, being a national society, consists of born Americans, who fill all offices, and adopted Americans, who are eligible to the honorary posts of warrior and hunter. It is founded on the true principles of patriotism, and has for its motives charity and brotherly love. Its officers consist of one Grand Sa- chem, twelve Sachems, one Treasurer, one Secretary, one Doorkeep- er ; it is divided into thirteen tribes, which severally represent a State ; each tribe is governed by a sachem, the honorary posts in which are one warrior and one hunter." The Troy branch, in November, 1809, had initiated two hundred and sixteen members. The initiation fee was three dollars. The names of its principal members were : Jacob E. Adams, Francis Adancourt, C. Adriance, Jud. Abbott, Aaron Allis, Elisha Baker, Gad. B. Bennett, Timothy Benedick, Adonijah Barnard, Samuel Carfield, F. C. Clark, R. Christie, Jesse Crofet, John Caner, Adin T. Carry, Caleb Carr, Andrew Cunningham, Galen Dovvd, Abram Drake, John N. Egleston, William Earl, Peter Frear, Cornelius Goodspeed, Josiah Greenman, Joseph Hues, John Hodgkin, Benja- min Higbie, Nathaniel Higbie, Peter Hoff, Ruggles Hubbard, Thos. Johnson, Roger King, Henry Koon, Oliver Lyon, E. Lynds, William L. Marcy, Samuel Martin, George Mann, Abraham Miller, J. W. Moulton, Albert Pawling, John Palmer, Jr., Henry Rowe, Dutcher Slawson, Joseph D. Selden, George Sampson, Charles Smith, Nathan Smith, Joseph Tompkins, John Uran, Simon Van der Cook, D. I. Wandell, Caleb Ward, John Willson, Samuel Whalton, John E. Wool, Samuel H. Whipple, Guilford D. Young. The place and date of the meetings of the Order, are stated in terms like the following: " In Tammanial Council, held at their Council Chamber 1 in the Wigwam, in the Season of Flowers, month of Blossoms the 19th, and the year of Discovery the 318th." When the members moved in procession, as they did on several occasions, they all wore buck- tails attached to the sides of their hats, and were preceded by the* Grand Sachem, dressed in Indian costume, bearing an ornamented 1 In William Pierces Tavern on the east side of River street midway between Ferry and Congress streets. 88 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. mahogany bow and a feathered arrow in his hands. A number of members carried Indian tomahawks in their hands. Banners with standards grotesquely adorned with figures of wild animals, and other Indian devices, were borne by the members when marching. Another Society similar in character, but differing in politics, called the Washington Benevolent Society, was instituted in Troy on the ninth day of June, 1810. The first officers were : Derick Lane, President, and Thomas Davis, Secretary. Each member ad- mitted into this Order had his name attached to a printed certifi- cate bound with Washington's Farewell Address, in a i2mo. vol- ume. The Society, on the twenty-second of February, 1813, cel- ebrated the anniversary of the birth of Washington with more than usual spirit. "At 12 o'clock a procession was formed under the direction of Major Knickerbacker, assisted by Captain Van Alen, which moved from Washington Hall 1 through several streets of the village, escorted by the Greenbush Rifle Company, commanded by Captain Deforest, and the Trojan Greens, commanded by Lieut. Dole, in the following order • Marshal of the day, military escort, mil- itary officers in uniform, youths bearing Washington's farewell ad- dress committee of arrangements, Washington standard, borne by Col. Derick Lane, supported by Capt. S. Warren and Col. T. Davis , committees and officers ; members, two abreast, under the direction of the Marshal, in thirteen divisions, with banners, in the following order: Warren, Montgomery, Schuyler, Putnam, Wooster, Gates, Greene, Lincoln, McDougal, Mercer, Knox, Wayne, Hamilton ; gentlemen not members. "When arrived opposite the Presbyterian meeting house, the escort saluted by presenting arms, and the procession passed into the church in reversed order, while the Washington Band continued playing. The church, although large, was soon filled to overflowing, the wall pews having been nearly filled with ladies before the arrival of the procession. A very appropriate and suitable prayer was made by the Rev. Mr. Coe, and an excellent oration was delivered by Levi Rumsey, Esq. Our limits will not permit us to give even an outline of Mr. Rumsey 's oration ; the plaudits, however, with which it was received, and the uniform testimony of those gentle- 'men who heard it, speak its encomium. Much praise is due to Mr. Morgan who conducted the music with taste and judgment, and we are happy to observe that the immortal works of Handel and Hadyn 1 North-east corner of Congress and River streets. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 89 were not rejected on this occasion, to make room for the trifling and ridiculous see-saw of some of the music quacks of our own coun- try. After the conclusion of the exercises in church, the procession again formed and proceeded to Washington Hall, where about three hundred gentlemen, principally members of the Society, sat down to a very excellent dinner prepared by Mr. Seymour." Jacob D. Van der Heyden, whose memory and merit entitle him to a place among the prominent and representative men of Troy, died on the fourth day of September, in the year 1809. Descending from a Dutch ancestry of grave, virtuous and industrious people, he was one of Troy's most estimable citizens. He was always allied with the leading men of the village in the management of its secular affairs ; and in every religious work and charitable undertaking, he was a zealous participant and a generous giver of his time and money. On a memorial tablet in the First Presbyterian Church, on the east wall, is the following inscription : " Inscribed to the memory of Jacob D. Vanderheyden, Esq., the founder and father of this congregation, and the first Ruling Elder in this Church. Born in Albany, Oct. 28, 1758. Died in Troy, Sept. 4, 1809." A favorite method of raising money at this early day was by lot- tery. The Legislature Avas accustomed to grant to Colleges, Corporations, and other Societies within the State, the right to issue lottery tickets representing a large sum of money. These tickets were then sold, and after the amount of the different prizes and the expenses had been deducted from the proceeds, the surplus was allowed to be appropriated to the uses set forth in the Act of the Legislature authorizing the lottery. In 1810 the Legislature passed a law creating a lottery for raising thirty thousand dollars for the purpose of improving the Hudson river between Troy, Lansing- burgh and Waterford. The sellers of these tickets did not as at present, lose the respect of the people by engaging in these speculat- ing transactions, but were patronized generally by all the citizens, who felt interested in the contemplated improvement. In the Union College Lottery, number four, Parker & Bliss, booksellers of Troy, sold a large number of tickets. They stated in an advertisement in 1812, that "this lottery will commence drawing in the city of New York on the first of December next, and continue drawing at the usual rate of 600 tickets per day, until completed. The following are a part of the Capital prizes, viz.: 1 prize of $20,000; 1 prize of 12 90 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. $15,000; 1 prize of $10,000; 1 prize of $5,000 ; 2 prizes of $2,000; 3 prizes of $1,000; 8 prizes of $500; 15 prizes of $200. Less than two blanks to a prize." The price of tickets were eight dollars; and they were divided into wholes, halves, quarters and eighths. There was a lottery called the State of New York Board of Health Lottery, and the Grand National Lottery for the opening of a canal in the city of Washington, authorized by the United States and the state of Maryland, and another, the Washington Monument Lottery. The Bank of Troy was incorporated on the twenty-second day of March, 181 1. The whole number of shares was not to ex- ceed two thousand, at twenty-five dollars each. The bank was to be managed and conducted by seventeen directors, seven of whom were to be residents of Troy, five of Lansingburgh and five of Waterford. Esaias Warren was elected its first President, and Alanson Douglas, Cashier. The Directors were Albert Pawling, Benjamin Smith, Joseph D. Selden, Ebenezer Jones, Esaias Warren, Richard P. Hart, Jacob Merritt, Thomas Trenor, Alanson Douglas, Jonathan Burr, John Stewart, Roger Skinner, John Cramer, John T. Close, Moses Scott, Richard Davis, Jr., and John House. The third fire company of Troy, was organized in 181 2. By a petition of Leonard Reed, Jeremiah Dauchy, George Vail, Hanford N. Lockwood, and others, being twenty-five in number, the Legislature on the twenty-sixth of May, passed an act incorporating the Washington Volunteer Fire Company of Troy. By the charter, the company was permitted to hold property not ex- ceeding fifteen hundred dollars in value ; the stock was divided into twenty-five shares of sixty-two dollars and fifty cents each. Twenty- five members were allowed by the charter. An engine costing five hundred and fifty dollars was procured from Abel Hardenbrook, of New York City. It was made after the pattern of all the goose neck engines of the period, having a suction, and also a hose reel on the platform. An engine house was built on a lot granted the company by Derick Van der Heyden, situated on the west side of Fourth street, about seventy-five feet north of Fulton street. The first officers were Hezekiah Williams, Captain ; Russell W. Lewis, Treas- urer, and Henry Nazro, Secretary. By an act of the Legislature passed June 8th, 181 2, the Supervis- ors of Rensselaer County were authorized to raise fifteen hundred dollars by tax for the purpose of erecting and completing a fire proof office for the use of the County Clerk, on the south east cor- HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY 9 1 ner of Congress and Second streets. Aaron Lane, William Bradley, and Ruggles Hubbard, were appointed commissioners to superin- tend the building of the office. Among the well known citizens of Troy in the year 181 2, was Samuel Wilson. Being one of the first settlers, and besides having a kind and benevolent disposition, he won the esteem and affection of everybody in the village, and was more generally designated as Uncle Sam than by his proper name. It is related that on one oc- casion his youngest son wandered away from home and was lost. A gentleman found him crying in a strange place, and asked him whose boy he was, and received for an answer, that he was Uncle Sam's boy. By this appellation the father was readily recognized and he was returned to his parents. During the military operations along the northern border in the war of 181 2, Samuel and Ebenezer Wilson were engaged in an extensive slaughtering business, employ- ing about one hundred men, and were slaughtering weekly more than one thousand head of cattle. During this year, he and his brother received a contract from Elbert Anderson, Jr., an army con- tractor, to supply the troops stationed at Greenbush with beef, "pack- ed in full bound barrels of white oak." Samuel Wilson was also appointed at this time an Inspector of beef for the army, and was accustomed in this line of duty to mark all the barrels of meat pass- ing his inspection with the abbreviated title U. S. of the United States. In the army at the cantonment at Greenbush, there were a number of soldiers who had enlisted in Troy, and to whom " Uncle Sam " and his business were well known. The beef received from Troy, they always alluded to as Uncle Sam's beef, and the other soldiers without any inquiry began to recognize the letters U. S. as the initial designation of Uncle Sam. A contractor from the north- ern lines strengthened this impression thereafter, when, purchas- ing a large quantity of beef in Troy, he advertised that he had received a supply of Uncle Sam's beef of a superior quality. The name "Uncle Sam," a few only knowing its derivation, became in a little while the recognized familiar designation of the United States, and is now as well known to the world as is the appellation John Bull. Commercially Troy was greatly benefited by the war of 181 2. A single mercantile house paid thirty thousand dollars during the month of September, for the transportation of provisions, flour, whiskey, &c, from Troy to Plattsburgh, for the use of the Army of 9 2 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. the North. C. Selden & Brothers advertised for three hundred teams " to take loading from Albany to Whitehall." Infantry, artillery and wagon trains were daily passing through the streets and crossing the ferry. Batteaux upon the river filled with sailors and munitions of war were constantly passing northward. "On Saturday, September 19th, 1 81 2, the two Light Infantry companies of the village, the Fusileers and Invincibles, commanded by Captains Oliver Lyon and Benjamin Higbie, marched for Plattsburgh, in obedience to orders received from his Excellency Governor Tompkins. They were joined in the village by a company of Riflemen from Watervliet, who had voluntered their services to the President of the United States, and a company of Cavalry from Saratoga county, and at Lansing- burgh by Captain King's company of Artillery. His Excellency the Governor, (very graciously,) accompanied them to Waterford. The whole were escorted to the latter place by the Rifle company the Trojan Greens, under command of Lieutenant Dole." The conduct of the Troy troops is honorably mentioned in the following letter to Doctor Samuel Gale, Jr, from Oliver Lyon, and which was pub- lished in the Troy Post November 3d, 181 2: "French Mills, 24th Oct, 181 2. "Sir: — By permission of Maj. Young, I forward you an extract from the official account of the rencontre at St. Regis, on the 22d inst. I wish you to have the goodness to hand it for publication after perusal. Yours, &c 7 "Samuel Gale, Esq O. Lyon." "Headquarters, Camp, French Mills, 24th Oct., 1812. "On the 22d I dispatched several confidential friends to reconnoi- tre about the village of St. Regis ; they returned with the informa- tion that the enemy had landed in the village, and that we might expect a visit from them immediately. Their number was stated by no one at less than no, and from that to 300; the most certain in- formation fixed on the former number. It was also believed that the enemy were determined to make a stand at that place, and would speedily increase their number. This determined me to make an immediate attempt to take out those already landed, before any re- inforcements could arrive. I ordered the men to be furnished with two days' rations of provisions, with double rations of whiskey ; and at eleven at night we marched out with the utmost silence, that we might give as little alarm as possible. We took a circuitous route through the woods, and arrived at Gray's Mills at half-past three, a. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 93 m. We found here a boat, a small canoe, and two -cribs of boards. Captain Lyon's company crossed in the boat, Captain McNiel's in the canoe, and the remainder, with our horses, crossed on the cribs. We arrived within a half a mile of the village at 5 o'clock, where being concealed from the enemy by a little rise of ground, we halted to reconnoiter, refresh the men, and make our disposition for the attack, which was arranged in the following order: "Captain Lyon was detached from the right, with orders to take the road running along the bank of the St. Regis river, with direc- tions to gain the rear of Captain Mountaigny's house, in which, and Donnally's, the enemy were said to be quartered. Captatn Tilden was detached to the St. Lawrence, with a view of gaining the rear of Donnally's house, and also securing the enemy's boats, (expected to have been stationed there,) to prevent their retreat. With the remainder of the force I moved in front and arrived within 150 yards of Mountaigny's house, when I found by the firing that Cap- tain Lyon was engaged ; at the same instant I discovered a person passing in front, and ordered him to stand, but not being obeyed, ordered Captain Higbie's first platoon to fire, and the poor fellow soon fell. He proved to be the ensign named in the list of killed. The firing was at an end in an instant, and we soon found in our possession forty prisoners, with their arms and equipments." (Here follows a list of killed, four in number, and one wounded mortally. Equipments, one stand of colors, two batteaux, and thirty-eight guns.) " After searching in vain for further military stores, we recrossed the river at the village and returned to camp by the nearest route, where we arrived at n a. m. The batteaux, with baggage, &c, arrived a few minutes before us. We had not a man hurt. I cannot close this letter without stating to your Excellency that the officers and soldiers for their conduct on this occasion deserve the highest en- comiums, for so strict was their attention to duty and orders, that we entered the place without being heard by the Indians' dogs. The prisoners I have just sent off to Plattsburgh, to await the disposition of your Excellency. I am very respectfully, your Excellency's Most obt. humb. servant, Guilford D. Young, Major, Commanding the troops stationed at F. Mills." "Brig.-Gen. Bloomfield, Commanding advanced N. army." 94 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. On Sunday, December 6th, the two companies, the Fusileers and Invincibles, after two and a half months' service, returned home and were escorted into the village with great enthusiasm by the inhabi- tants. An Albany paper thus refers to the disposition of the cap- tured colors: "On January 5th, (1813,) a detachment of the volunteer militia of Troy came into the city with the British colors they had taken at St. Regis. They bore two superb eagles in the center, and the captured colors in the rear, passing through Market and State streets to the Capitol. The Governor being unable to attend, Colonels Lamb and Lush, his aids, advanced to receive the trophies, which were presented in military style to the people of the State of New York, by Major Young, and the reply was made by Colonel Lush. The standard was deposited in the council room, amid the loud huzzas of the people, and the firing of military salutes." During the war Troy was a recruiting station, Congress having authorized the army to be increased by an additional force of 25,000 men. Upon the recommendation of Governor Clinton and others, John E. Wool, a young and an enterprising merchant of Troy, was appointed a Captain in the Thirteenth Regiment of Infantry. He opened a recruiting office in Troy, and offered the following induce- ments to secure enlistments : " To the patriotic young men of the counties of Rensselaer and Washington. A recruiting rendezvous is now opened by the subscriber, in the village of Troy, and in the town of Kingsbury, for the purpose of procuring soldiers for the army of the United States. Forty dollars bounty and pay, will be given in advance to every able bodied man, between fourteen and forty-five years of age, who shall enlist in the service of the United States for the term of five years, or during the war with Great Britain. Also will be given a bounty of one hundred and sixty acres of land and three months pay, in addition to eight dollars to privates, nine dollars to musicians, ten dollars to corporals and eleven dollars to sergeants, with rations and clothing. " Such are the pecuniary inducements held out by the government of the United States to the soldier. Independent, however, of that circumstance, a more powerful consideration urges the patriotic youth of our country to take up arms. It is not only the rights and honor of the nation which you are called on to defend, but the cries of the widow and the orphan demand that you shall avenge the blood of the husband and the father, which has been shed on our frontiers by the ruthless savages and their more barbarous ally. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 95 " Under such circumstances, I trust the young men of the coun- ties of Rensselaer and Washington will not hesitate to rally round the standard and swear on the Altar of Freedom to avenge the wrongs committed on our sacred country, or die in the attempt. John E. Wool, "Troy, Feb 6th, 1813. Captain 13th Regt. U. S. Infantry." "In addition to the terms above offered, a law has been passed by Congress exempting all soldiers who may enlist, from arrest for any debt or sum whatever." * Having enlisted a sufficient number of soldiers in Troy, Captain Wool joined his regiment at Greenbush, and in the autumn marched to the Niagara frontier, where soon after his arrival he distinguished himself for bravery in the line of duty. At the storming of Queens- town on October 13th, 181 2, undertaken with a handful of men, he, in this his first engagement, was shot through both thighs. His heroism on this occasion was at once recognized by his country, and he received promotion to a Major's position in the army. Among the honored and respected men which Troy has had, to give it prominence in history, was Isaac McConihe, who was born at Merrimac in the State of New Hampshire, on the 2 2d day of August, 1787. Graduating at Dartmouth College in his native State at the age of twenty-two years, he immediately thereafter began the study of the law, of which his excellent knowledge, in after years, obtained for him an appointment as Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in the County of Rensselaer. In the year 181 2 he removed to Troy, at which time he entered the office of Stephen Ross. Being admitted a partner, the firm was known as Ross & Mc- Conihe. As has been previously mentioned, the Hudson river abounded in fish of excellent quality and of large size. It is recorded that on Monday afternoon, July 27, 181 2, two hundred and twenty-five bass were caught at a single draught in the upper part of the river, near the village of Lansingburgh. They weighed from five to thirty pounds each, and the entire weight was about three thousand pounds. The Legislature, on the 16th day of June, 1812, passed an Act incorporating " The Trustees of the Earthen Conduit Company of Troy." As officers of the company, the following persons are men- tioned in the Act of incorporation : Abraham Ten Eyck, President ; 1 Troy Post, March 2, 2813. C)6 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Abraham Ten Eyck, Derick Lane, Piatt Titus, Nathan Warren, and Daniel Merritt, Trustees. The stock was divided into one hun- dred shares of one hundred dollars each. Previously, the village had been supplied with water by a company known as the Acque- duct Water Works. The works of this company were advertised for sale, in December, 1812, by Benjamin Smith. The old wooden pipes of the latter company are frequently found embedded below the streets of the city at the present time. The Troy Iron and Nail Factory, which had been established in 181 1, was in 181 2 manufacturing an excellent quality of cut nails, which were offered for sale by the keg or ton. In Febru- 181^ ary, 18 13, iron shovels and spades were also made in large quantities, and were equal to any imported ones in quality and price. John Converse, the agent at this time of the Iron and Nail Factory, advertised at the beginning of the year for ten thousand shovel and spade handles, for which on delivery he promised to pay the same prices given in Boston. Church Trustees were particularly in power at this time, for they seem not only to have managed the secular interests of the church of which they were members, but were also made judges of the forms of worship which the congregation were required to follow. At a meeting of the Trustees of the Presbyterian Church, Novem- ber 8th, 1813, the following list of tunes were selected by them to be sung by the choristers : Long Meter — Old Hundred, China, Greenwich, Windham, Bridgewater, Ware, Florida. Common Me- ter — Mear, Harmony, New Mark, Coronation, Sherburne, Plymouth, St. Martins, Brady, Virginia, New Durham. Short Meter — Stafford, Lisbon. Particular Meter — Lennox, Greenfield. The appearance in the year 1813 of the triangular piece of ground known as Washington Square, was very different from that which it now presents. This space between River, Second streets and Broadway, was then occupied with buildings. On the north-west corner of Albany (Broadway) and Second streets, was the two-story brick dwelling of Judge James Spencer. Next and west of it was a building occupied by John Lantrow as a bakery, adjoining it and on the corner of Albany and River streets was a low fiat roofed, two- story structure occupied by a Madam Kelly as a millinery shop. This was the place where all the fashionable and aristocratic matrons and maids of Troy obtained the latest Parisian styles of bonnets, rib- bons and laces. Around the corner on River street was another HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 97 similar building which had been erected and was then occupied by Jacob and Philip Dater as a saloon. Beyond this and on the corner of River and Second streets, was a small wooden structure in which there was a shoe store. Between it and along the west side of Second street, a high board fence protected the yard of Judge Spencer. Not many years afterward all of this property was pur- chased by those having property in the vicinity and given to the city for a public square. The Cannon Place site, on the east corner of the alley, was occupied by a two and a half story wooden building known as Bull's Head Tavern. This designation it received from a sign of a huge bull's head which was suspended in front of the Tav- ern. It was rented to Elias Lasell at a yearly rent of two hundred dollars. The tavern-yard, barn and stables were in the rear of the building. East of it was the barber shop of James A. Zander. It was considered at that time the aristocratic barber shop of Troy ; its frequenters were such men as William L. Marcy, John E. Wool, Jonas C. Heartt, Jacob L. Lane, Daniel Hall and others, who moved in the circles of Troy's best society. Adjoining and east of it, was the law office of Daniel Hall. On the south-west corner of Broad- way and Second street, where Nims & Company now have their book and stationery store, was an old wooden building used by David Sherman as a cooper shop and dwelling. On this corner shortly afterwards, the large and extensive coach factory of Charles Veazie was erected. In 1816 the Bull's Head Tavern was removed to the corner of River and Second streets, north of the present Mansion House. This property was then purchased by Elias Lasell from its owner Nathan Betts for the sum of four thousand eight hun- dred dollars. The same building is still standing, although at differ- ent times it has had its interior refitted. The Mansion House was not yet built. The present site of it was then covered by the resi- dence and law office of Lewis T. Tillman. When he removed, the building became the coach factory of James O. Ladue. The opening of the year 1814 inaugurated the memorable, long and persistent opposition which Troy, Lansingburgh and Waterford waged against the building of a bridge across the Hudson river at Albany. The citizens of these villages were made aware of this project of the people of Albany by a "notification published in the Albany Gazette, of an intended application to the Legislature for leave to bring in a bill for the erection of a Toll Bridge across the Hudson river at the most eligible spot between T 3 98 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Columbia street and the street north of the Arsenal at Albany." To consider the matters set forth in this notification, a notice was pub- lished and a Town meeting held in Troy at the Court House, on the evening of January nth, 18 14. The following preamble and reso- lutions were read and adopted by the assembled citizens : "The people of this Town for a long time struggled against in- conveniences arising from natural obstructions in the bed of the river between this place and Albany, but now look with the most lively satisfaction at the result of their long and arduous exertions, which, aided by the bounty of the State, have effected an easy and convenient passage for their vessels in those waters. No trifling considerations could induce the people of this town to oppose any plan calculated to benefit a neighboring city ; but the delays, losses, and frequent damages occasioned to vessels by draw-bridges are well known to be ruinously great; they present obstacles which the Leg- islature have heretofore deemed inadmissible, and from which the present applicants exempt the vessels of Albany, even at the expense of a convenient position for their bridge, a position being selected far from off the high road, above all their wharves, and of all others near Albany, the worst for vessels passing above it. " It is not doubted but that a bridge if built across the river at this town would afford equal if not greater public accommodation than the one proposed to be built at Albany, and occasion much less in- convenience to vessels; yet some few years past commissioners ap- pointed by the Legislature on the petition of a part of the people of this town for a bridge at this place, reported to that honorable body in substance, that a bridge to cross the river at this place ought to be built so high as to admit the passage of vessels under it, or at the height of ninety feet above the ordinary level of the river ; a project so visionary was justly considered as reporting indirectly against the building of any bridge whatever; which report from a consideration of the deep interest all classes of citizens had in the free navigation of the river, was approved by the Legislature, and readily and unanimously acquiesced in by the people of this town. This solemn decision of the Legislature, it was believed, had put to silence for ever all applications for bridges across the navigable waters of the Hudson, but a notice in the Albany Gazette of an in- tended application for a bridge at that place, shows that in that ex- pectation we were mistaken. It is therefore " Resolved, That as this town in common with the trading towns, HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 99 and all the country lying north of us, have an important interest in the free navigation of the river; that as it is evidently unjust to sacrifice any one portion of the community for the benefit of another ; that as silence in us on this occasion may be construed into an aban- donment of those interests, and a dereliction from public duty — we take this early opportunity of declaring as we now do, our most de- cided disapprobation of the proposed measure, and against any project calculated to obstruct the free navigation of the river, in any manner whatever. "Resolved, That a Committee be appointed to confer with the gen- tlemen whose names appear in the notice for a bridge, and that they report the result of such conference to a future meeting, and that Townsend McCoun, Charles Selden, Albert Pawling, George Tibbits, Hugh Peebles, Joseph Russell, Ebenezer Wilson and Gurdon Corn- ing, be of that Committee. "Resolved, That a Committee be appointed to prepare a remon- strance to the Legislature, respectfully stating our objections to the erection of said bridge, and that Derick Lane, John Russell, George Tibbits, Townsend McCoun, Joseph D. Selden and David Buel, Jr , be of that Committee. "Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be signed by the Chairman and Secretary, and published in all the papers printed in this place, Lansingburgh, Waterford and Albany." " Townsend McCoun, Chairman. " Joseph D. Selden, Secretary " ' This protest together with an adverse report of a committee from the Common Council of Albany, created a strong opposition to the contemplated building of the bridge, which its projectors were suffi- ciently wise to understand, and for a time, the idea was abandoned. Nevertheless, for almost half a century, the building of this bridge was discussed and opposed in the newspapers, at town meetings, and in the State Legislature, before the bridge was permitted to be built. When at length it was erected, it did not seriously affect either the northern navigation of the river, or subject travelers by land to any inconveniences, for Troy in the meantime having secured rail- roads on the eastern and western sides of the river which had their termini in the city, and spanned the river in front of it with a rail- road bridge, was thus ably prepared to compete with* Albany for I Troy Post, January 18, 1814. TOO HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. the trade of the surrounding country, a large part of which it was then receiving through these various tributary lines. The value of property in Troy and the increasing number of fires in the growing village, suggested to its leading merchants and wealth- ier people, the organization of an insurance company. A bill was drawn and an act was passed by the Legislature in April, 1814, in- corporating the Rensselaer and Saratoga Insurance Company, with a capital of half a million of dollars Classes of hazards were adopted and rates of annual premiums were designated at from twenty-two to one hundred cents on each one hundred dollars val- uation of property. The company also made good all losses on pro- perty burnt by lightning. Daniel Merritt was elected President, and Alanson Douglas, Secretary of the company. The Board of Directors embraced Daniel Merritt, Joseph Russell, Nathan War- ren, Hugh Peebles, Charles Selden, John D Dickinson, Townsend McCoun, Philip Heartt, Derick Lane, Benjamin Smith, Richard P. Hart, Samuel Gale, Lewis Richards, George Tibbits, Nathan Dau- chy, of Troy ; James Hickok, Shubael Gorham, Elias Parmelee, Jonathan Burr, Ebenezer W. Walbridge, Gardnier Tracy, of Lan- singburgh; Samuel Stewart, Ira Scott, John House, John Cramer, John T. Close and James Van Schoonhoven, of Waterford. The menancing attitude of the enemy toward the city of New York, in the summer of 1814, called into service various military or- ganizations in the State, and those belonging to Troy, as in 1812, stood in readiness to meet the imperative duties of the occasion. The Trojan Greens were the first to take the field at this time. "Yester- day (August 22d, says a contemporary account,) at twelve o'clock, Captain Sidney Dole's Company of Riflemen, styled the Trojan Greens, left this village on their way to the city of New York, hav- ing tendered their services to the Commander in Chief for the de- fense of that city, and being ordered by Lieutenant Colonel Lockwood to rendezvous at Albany the 2 2d inst. They were escort- ed through some of the principal streets of the village as far as Pye's Tavern (half-way house) by a detachment from the two light infantry companies of Captains Lyon and Higbie, under the command of the latter, who with those under his command, politely volunteered for the purpose; the escort was likewise joined by a respectable number of gentlemen of both parties, who appeared anxious to testify in this public manner, their respect for this patriotic band of Federal young men, who, we are highly gratified to say, although they may HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. IOI be the last to invade a foreign inoffending territory, will ever we trust be ready at the call of their country to defend their native land against the invasion of any and every foreign ememy." 1 " On Friday, the ninth day of September, the two Light Infantry Companies under command of Captain Higbie, embarked for New York, being ordered there by the Commander in Chief. There are now employed in the public service from this village, one company of Riflemen, two of Light Infantry, and one of Infantry." 2 The exigencies of the time caused the directors of the various banking institutions throughout the northern states temporarily to suspend the payment of specie. In consequence of these actions, the banks of Troy and in the vicinity also suspended specie pay- ment, and inserted in the papers the following explanatory card : "The Directors of the Banking Institutions of the villages of Troy and Lansingburgh having taken into consideration the Resolution of their Fellow Citizens of the village of Troy of the 3d September instant, the publication of the Banking Institutions of the City of Philadelphia, stating the causes of their suspending their payments in specie, together with the resolutions of the Citizens and Banking Institutions in the cities of New York and Albany, have with much regret, and after mature consideration, come to a resolution to sus- pend for the present their payments in specie ; they confidently hope and expect that the necessity for this measure will soon be removed, and pledge themselves to the public that measures shall be taken to restrain their loans within safe limits. September 5th, 1814. John D. Dickinson, President of the Farmers' Bank. Esaias Warren, President of the Bank of Troy. Elijah Janes, President of the Bank of Lansingburgh." 3 In view of this action by the banks, the Trustees of the village resolved to issue notes of small denominational values to meet the want of the withheld specie. A card to the public in respect to this action of the village authorities appeared in the Troy Post of Sep- tember 13, 1814: "The Trustees of the village of Troy having requested Parker & 1 Troy Post, August 23d, 1814. 2 Troy Post, September 13th, 1814. 3 Troy Post September 6th, 1814. 102 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Bliss to issue small printed notes to remedy the inconvenience re- sulting from the great scarcity of change, we, the undersigned, do agree to receive said small bills when issued, and to pay current bank bills for them, whenever presented at our stores in sums amounting to one dollar or more. R. P. Hart & Co., E. Warren & Co., I. M. Wells, Hart & Nazro, Russell, Tracy & Co., A. & W. Kellogg, G. Corning & Co., T. McCoun & Co., Dauchy & Smith, Isaac Merritt, Redfield & Bradley, Ephraim Morgan, Joel Ketchum & Co., Philip Heartt, Samuel S. Lockwood, Isaac Brinckerhoff, Mead & Co., Sam- uel Gale, Edw. & Jas. Tylee, Asa Gardner & Co., James Proudfit, H. & G. Vail, John P. Fellows, Francis Yvonnet, T. Skelding & Co., Vail & Co., James Mann & Co., Piatt Titus, Jno. D. Dickinson, L. T. Tillman, Amasa Paine." In the latter part of November, the three infantry companies of the village returned home from the city of New York, their term of service having expired. The following is taken from a general order dated "Head-Quarters 3d Military District, New York, Nov. 21, 1814. "Captain Dole's Company of Riflemen, attached to General Boyd's Brigade, will be immediately mustered and paid, so that they may be discharged by Gen. Boyd on the 2 2d inst. The General is directed to present to the corps suitable acknowledgments for their patriotic and faithful service. Captain Dole will cause all articles of public property, to be returned to the Commissary of the State of New York, at the Arsenal in this city. (Signed,) J. R. Fenwick, Adj't General." " Brigade Head-Quarters, Camp, New-Utrecht, Nov. 21, 1814. " Brigade Order : " Agreeable to the General Order of this date, Captain Dole's Company of Riflemen, having been mustered for the purpose of be- ing paid, is honorably discharged from the service of the United States. It is with pleasure the General conforms to that part of the order which directs him to "present suitable acknowledgments" to a company, which, while under his command, has invariably con- ducted itself with so much good order and discipline. They have had no opportunity to evince their valour in the field; but the pat- riotic alacrity and willingness with which they obeyed the call of HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 103 their country, is the best security of their ability and inclination to discharge the highest and most perilous duties of the soldier. They return to their homes with the warmest wishes for their welfare. "By order of Brig. Gen. Boyd. "Henry Whiting, Aid-de-Camp." Commodore Thomas Macdonough, the brave Commander of the United States Squadron on Lake Champlain, was enthusiastically received and hospitably entertained by the citizens of Troy, on Saturday, December 3d, 18 14. The reception is thus described in the Troy Post of December 6th : " Agreeably to previous arrange- ment, on Saturday last the President and Trustees of this village, in carriages, accompanied by a respectable number of the citizens on horseback, proceeded to the half-way house between here and Lan- singburgh, and escorted Com. Macdonough to Titus' tavern, and at two o'clock a very numerous procession was formed by the inhabi- tants, without distinction of party, which moved in the following order from Titus' Tavern, viz : 1, Martial music ; 2. Military Escort, under Captain Dole; 3. Band of Music; 4. Citizens; 5. Clergy ; 6. Trustees of the Village; 7. The President and Com. Macdonough; which after passing through several of the principal streets, halted at Seymour's tavern, which the whole procession entered in reversed order, and were shortly after seated at a very elegant and plentiful table, prepared by Mr. Seymour for the occasion. " The Commodore passed Sunday here, and in such a manner as comported with the character already laid before the public, and which we believe will one day adorn the Nelson of this country. On Monday he was accompanied by the officers of the village and other citizens as far as Pye's tavern, where he was received by a numerous escort, composed of citizens a;id others from the city of Albany " On his way from Whitehall, Com. Macdonough was compliment- ed with an entertainment at Cambridge and at Waterford. " The inhabitants of Lansingburgh, we understand, intend to pre- sent the Commodore with an elegant piece of plate. " Com Macdonough will leave Albany this day in the stage, on his way to his family residence in Middletown, Conn., and is ordered, we understand, to report himself at Washington in January next." The war was ended A treaty of peace and amity between the United States of America and his Britannic Majesty was signed on the 24th of December, 1814, and was duly ratified and confirm- 104 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. ed on the 17th of February, 1815. On the twenty-first of the month the news of the ratification reached Troy, and it was thus celebrated as described by the Troy Post of Feb. 28th, 1815 . " On Tuesday last (21st), about 3 o'clock, p. m., a copy of the Ratified Treaty of Peace was received at this office, and immediate- ly printed in a handbill form , for the accommodation of our coun- try readers, we have inserted it in this day's paper. In compliance with a recommendation of the Corporation of this Village, pub- lished at a late hour on the same evening, (the joyful news was re- ceived at six o'clock on Wednesday morning,) the bells were rung, and at eleven o'clock a numerous procession was formed, which, escorted by a detachment from Captain Dole's Rifle company, and some other troops hastily assembled for the purpose, proceeded to the Presbyterian church, where the ' voice of thanksgiving and praise ' to Almighty God for the inestimable blessing of Peace, was raised by the Rev. Messrs. Coe, Wayland and Clark. In the eve- ning most of the houses and stores, and many of the public build- ings, were illuminated, some of them with much taste. From sun- rise until nine at evening, the roar of cannon was almost inces- sant, and at intervals in the evening the beauty of the whole scene was much heightened by the appearance of rockets let off from the United States Arsenal situate about a mile from the vil- lage." The Bible Society of the County of Rensselaer was organized at a meeting of a number of citizens from different towns in the coun- ty, held in the Court House on the eleventh day of July, 1815. The following officers were elected: Rev. Jonas Coe, President; Rev. Ralph Westervelt, First Vice President ; Rev. Samuel Blatch- ford, Second Vice President; David Buel, Jr., Corresponding Sec- retary ; Rev. Francis Wayland, Recording Secretary ; Derick Lane, Treasurer. The Board of Managers elected were : Rev. Parker Adams, Rev. Tobias Spicer, Rev. John Younglove, Jr., Rev. Justus Hull, Dr. Ely Burritt, Hon. Josiah Masters, Jacob A. Fort, Hon. Hosea Moffitt, James L. Hodgeboom. This year Rev. Jonas Coe was honored by Middlebury College with the title of Doctor of Divinity. On Tuesday evening, January 30th, 1816, the inhabitants of the village voted with great unanimity, in public meeting, to raise the sum of five thousand dollars by tax for the purpose of establishing HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. IO5 a school on the Lancasterian plan, projected by a Quaker named Joseph Lancaster. The sum of two thousand dollars was also levied for building the school house. This was erected on the ground now occupied by the Academy, on the north-west corner of State and Seventh streets. On Monday, the 16th of September, the school was opened, and about three hundred scholars were entered. The highest price of tuition was two dollars per quarter, and the lowest, twenty-five cents. Books and other school supplies were furnished by the Trustees of the village. The citizens of Troy were among the first to give an enthusiastic support to the project of connecting the waters of the western lakes with the Hudson river, by means of an internal canal, and were strong advocates of the feasibility and usefulness of the contemplat- ed work. Early in the year 1816, the following card appeared in one of the weekly journals of the village : " Canal. — The inhabitants of the village of Troy are requested to meet at the Court House, on Saturday evening (Feb. 24th), at 6 o'clock, to take into consideration the propriety of memorializing the Legislature on the subject of the contemplated Western Canal." The meeting thus called was attended by many prominent citizens. The Hon. George Tibbits was chosen chairman, and Joseph D. Sel- den, Secretary, when the following resolutions were read and unani- mously adopted. " 1 st. Resolved, That in the opinion of this meeting, a navigable water communication to extend from the Hudson to the Western Lakes is an object highly deserving the most deliberate consideration of the citizens of this State and the Legislature ; that the advantages reasonably expected to be derived from it will far exceed any estima- tion which we have seen of its probable expense. " 2d. Resolved, That this meeting have seen with great satisfaction an increasing disposition throughout the State favorable to this meas- ure, which, in the opinion of this meeting is in every point of view of the first importance to the wealth of every class of citizens of this State, and to the union, prosperity and happiness of the United States. "3d. Resolved, That in the opinion of this meeting the pecuniary resources necessary to effect this great national object, are completely within the means of the people of this State, or an association of in- dividuals. That measures ought to be adopted without delay to carry it into effect; and that a petition from the inhabitants of this 14 106 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. town ought to be presented to the Legislature, recommending the same to their favorable notice and consideration. "4th. Resolved, That the petition of the citizens of New York, in the opinion of this meeting, contains an able exposition of the sub- ject, and that it be adopted as expressive of the feelings and views of the people of this town. And that a committee of four persons from each of the four wards be appointed to obtain signatures of the inhabitants to the same, and that Albert Pawling, J. Sampson, I. M. Wells and Ephraim Morgan, from the First ward; Samuel Gale, J. Mallory, John P. Cushman and Hugh Peebles, from the Second; Stephen Warren, Townsend McCoun, Francis Adancourt and Gur- don Corning, from the Third; H. Arnold, J. Hammil, Stephen Ross, and L. Reed, from the Fourth, be that committee. "5th. Resolved, That George Tibbits, Albert Pawling, Townsend McCoun, Amasa Paine and Joseph D. Selden, be a corresponding committee on the subject of the foregoing resolutions. " 6th. Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be signed by the Chairman and Secretary, and published. "George Tibbits, Chairman. "Joseph D. Selden, Secretary." Following this action of the people of Troy, the " Great Canal Bill " was passed in April by the Legislature, by which Stephen Van Rensselaer, De Witt Clinton, Samuel Young, Joseph Ellicott and Myron Holley, were designated Commissioners for the purpose of having the proposed route surveyed again, and procuring estimates of the probable cost. As agents of the Commissioners, George Tibbits, John D. Dick- inson and Albert Pawling, were appointed to secure donations, land and moneys for the purpose of aiding in the construction of the con- templated canals. Books of subscriptions were opened at the book store of Parker & Bliss, and the citizens of Troy gave the project a liberal encouragement. The career of the village of Troy cannot but be contemplated with admiration. In the short period of a quarter of a century, it had achieved a position and an importance at home and abroad which but few other places of similar size had attained. It had suc- cessfully combated local prejudices and neighboring competition; it had become the seat of the County government in the face of as- persive criticism and moneyed men ; it had built mills and factories and made them busy with foreign orders and a continuous pat- HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. IOJ ronage; and it had given rich recompense to all who entered the widening channels of its commerce or who bought and sold within the marts of its domestic trade and distant traffic. There was no enterprise of any importance, either local or connected with the larger interests of the State, that did not receive from it a generous support. Its military organizations were prompt to obey the com- mands of the State and Nation, and always won highest encomiums for service and conduct in the line of duty. The educational inter- ests of the people were not forgotten. Public and select schools were provided, newspapers established, churches built, a library was organized, and anniversary occasions were not only seasons of amusement and celebration, but were honored with oratory and poetical contributions. Thus endowed, the village of Troy, with its President and Board of Trustees, closed its short but remarkable existence. Troy became an organized village under an act of the Legislature, passed March 25th, 1794. The trustees at that time were merely the executive officers of the freeholders, and saw that the ordinances of the village were carried into effect by the people. On February 16th, 1798, the village was more fully incorporated and five trustees were thereafter annually elected. The power of levying taxes was reserved to the vote of the people. On the 2d of April, 1801, ad- ditional power was granted the trustees, and on March 3d, 1803, they were invested with certain other rights. By an act of the Leg- islature passed April 4th, 1806, the village was divided into four wards, and four trustees were authorized to be elected to represent each of these wards. Under this act a president of the board was annually appointed by the Governor and Council of Appointment. A charter was granted by the Legislature on the twelfth day of April, 1816, incorporating "the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen and Common- alty of the city of Troy." An election for charter officers of the city was held on Tuesday the fourteenth day of May, 1816. The following persons were appointed as Inspectors of the Election : First Ward — Henry Townsend and Amos Salisbury. Second Ward — Hugh Peebles and John Loudon. Third Ward — William Bradley and Nathan Dauchy. Fourth Ward — Artemas Osgood and John P. Fellows. Fifth Ward — Jesse Tracy and Lemuel Hawley. Sixth Ward — Gerrit Vandenburgh and Nathaniel Adams. The election polls were in the 108 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. First Ward, at the house of E. Bigelow. Second Ward, at McNeil Seymour's. Third Ward, at Piatt Titus's. Fourth Ward, at John Pattison's. Fifth Ward, at George Pullen's. Sixth Ward, at the School House, near the house of the widow of David Deforest, deceased. The polls were opened at ten o'clock a. m. and closed at three p. m. The officers elected were one Alderman, one Assistant, one Con- stable and one Commissioner of Schools in each ward, and in the Fifth and Sixth wards there were also chosen three Inspectors of Schools, but no Assistant Aldermen ; also one Supervisor for the city who was voted for in all the wards. The persons qualified to vote were to be citizens of the United States, of the age of twenty-one years, who had resided in the village for six months, and rented a tenement of the yearly value of five dollars for the term of one year next immediately preceding the election, or possessed a freehold within the same, or had paid taxes within the same. With this elec- tion, the village of Troy closed its career. ^y h- CHAPTER VI. From the Incorporation of the City to the Visit of Gen. La Fayette. i3i6 to 1824. The city of Troy incorporated the twelfth day of April, 1816, was divided into six wards, whose limits were as follows: The First ward was bounded on the south by the Poestenkill, west by the river, north by a line drawn through the center of Ferry street, and east by the eastern limits of the village , the Second ward, on the south by a line drawn through Ferry street, west by the river, north by a line drawn through the center of State street, and east by the eastern limits of the village; the Third ward, on the south by the north line of the Second ward, and north by a line through the center of Elbow (Fulton) street, and east by the eastern limits of the village; the Fourth ward, on the south by Third ward and north and east by north and east bounds of the village of Troy. The Fifth ward com- prised all that part, not included in either the said First, Second, Third or Fourth wards, lying north of a line beginning at the bridge starting across the Poestenkill, near the grist-mill of Townsend Mc- Coun, in said city, and running along the south line of the road running over and across said bridge, up the hollow, until it intersects the road usually called the Schuyler road, and then, by a line run- ning due south, to the south bounds of the city. The Sixth ward embraced all the rest and residue of the same city, not included in the before mentioned wards. The following persons were elected aldermen : Assistants. Amos Salisbury, John Loudon, Gurdon Corning, Henry Mallory. Ward. Aldermen. I. George Allen, 2. Hugh Peebles, 3- Townsend McCoun, 4- Stephen Ross, 5- Lemuel Hawley, 6. Philip Hart, Jr. I IO HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. The Governor and Council of Appointment, appointed Albert Pawling, 1 Mayor and William L. Marcy, 2 Recorder. Among the peculiar laws enacted for the government of the city at this time, those regarding the duties of fire wardens and others belonging to the Fire Department of Troy, may be mentioned. " Whenever and as often as a fire broke out in the city, the fire wardens were immediately to repair to the same, with their staves as badges of their office." The fire engineers also were immediately to repair to the fire, having the crowns of their hats covered with white as a badge of their office. The conservators of property at fires, were also to repair to the same, having a piece of white cloth tied around the left arm, as a badge of their office, and were to take charge and custody of all goods or chattels which were in danger from such fire, and were to direct their removal to a secure place. All of the citizens and inhabitants were also to repair to the fire with their fire buckets, and there to be obedient to the orders of the fire engineers, fire wardens and conservators of property. In case a fire should happen in the night time, it was the duty of every owner and occupant of a house in the first, second, third and fourth wards, as soon as an alarm of fire was made, to place a lighted candle at the front door or front window of the house and to keep the same there during the night, unless such fire was sooner extinguished. Every fireman was to wear a fire hat at all fires and cleaning of the engines. It was the duty of the watchmen of the city to cause all fire buckets remaining at or about the place where any fire had re- cently happened, to remove them to the market house within twelve hours after such fire was extinguished. Every owner and occupant of a dwelling house, in the first, second, third and fourth wards of the city, with one or more fire places or stoves therein, was to pro- vide and keep good, sufficient and substantial fire buckets, made of leather according to the following specifications : for every dwelling house, having from one to two fire places or stoves, one fire bucket; i The Mayors of Troy were appointed by the Governor and Council of Appointment until 1821, after which they were elected annually by the Common Council until 1840, and since then by the popular vote. 2 The Recorders of Troy were chosen by the Governor and Council of Appointment until 1822 ; from 1822 until 1847, by the Governor and Senate, and in 1847 and subsequently, by the people. The term of the Recorder was for four years. He was elected at the general fall elec- tion, and took his seat in the Common Council at the first meeting after the first of January. The office was abolished by an act of the Legislature, passed April 17, 1867, and which took effect January 1, 1868. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Ill from two to four fire places or stoves, two fire buckets; from four to six fire places or stoves, three fire buckets; from eight to ten fire places or stoves, five fire buckets; for every fireplace more than ten, one fire bucket. For every store, shop or tenement, in which mer- cantile business was done, the fire buckets to be kept were as fol- lows: for every store or shop of two stories front, two buckets; of three stories in front, three buckets, and of four stories or upwards in front, five buckets. On all fire buckets were to be marked or paint- ed the owner's name, and the number of the lot whereon the build- ing stood, to which the same belonged. The buckets were always to be kept in a place where they could be easily reached in case of fire, and were not to be used for any other purpose but the extin- guishment of fires. The fire wardens were also to regulate the dimensions of chimneys, taking care that they should be large enough to admit chimney sweeps to sweep and clean the same. Disputes concerning the sufficiency and division of partition fences were to be determined by the fence viewers appointed by the city authorities. Every baker in the city was obliged to procure a license, and every loaf of bread baked by him was to be marked with the initials of his christian and surname, and in addition thereto, every loaf made of superfine flour was to be marked with the letter S., and every loaf of common flour with the letter C. The assize of bread was thus regulated by the Mayor from time to time : Every barrel of flour was estimated to produce four thousand and thirty-two ounces of bread ; and in order to ascertain the weight of a shilling loaf of the respective qualities of flour, the number of ounces were to be divided by a number equal to the number of shillings which a barrel of such quality might be worth, at the time of fixing the assize, and the number thirty-two added thereto being allowed the baker, the quotient was the number of ounces a shilling loaf would weigh, in the following manner : Suppose a barrel of flour worth - - 72 shillings. Compensation for baking, . - 32 " I04 Divide 4032 by 104, the quotient would be s^W, being the ounces the shilling loaf would weigh ; and whenever the fractional parts were less than half an ounce, they were to be taken off the loaf, and when half an ounce or more, an ounce was to be added to it. The same regulation and proportion were to be adopted and 112 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. observed for six-penny and all other loaves baked or sold within said city. Among the public excitements of this early period, was that pro- duced by a prophecy of Benjamin Gorton, who was then a resident of the town of Brunswick. Having a speculative mind, Benjamin Gorton, previous to 1800, had at various times ex- pressed himself as a believer in the sudden destruction of the earth, and in support of this opinion, he wrote a number of books, in which he set forth certain biblical prophecies and chronologies as proofs of his individual predictions. He also relied on the visions of certain contemporary persons, and various celestial phenomena occurring at this time, to substantiate and corroborate the Scrip- tural figures of Daniel and the other prophets. According to his belief the world was to come to an end on the 8th day of June, 1816. Many of the inhabitants of Troy were among his converts, and no little preparation was made by them preparatory to this day of destruc- tion of all mundane matter. When the day of prophecy arrived, the meteorological changes of atmosphere were singular for the time of the year. The day was extremely cold, brooks were frozen and a snow storm occurred. Vegetation was killed and the fruit crop injured. Benjamin Gorton's prophetical prognostications were ridiculed and the number of his followers decimated. However, he gave answers to his calumniators and continued to write books to authenticate his speculations. The ordination of Rev. Charles George Somers, as pastor of the First Baptist church of Troy, is thus described in the columns of the Budget: "On Wednesday last, (July 10th,) the Rev. Charles George Somers was ordained to the care of the Baptist church and society in this city. The service was introduced with prayer by the Rev. Isaac Webb, of Albany; Rev. Archibald Maclay, of New York, delivered the sermon, from 2d Timothy, 2, 15: " Study to show thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be asham- ed, rightly dividing the word of truth." Ordaining prayer by the Rev. Joseph Elliott, of Rockingham, Vt., and the concluding prayer by the Rev. S. Rowley, of Granville. The exercises were performed in a solemn and impressive manner, and the audience, which was numerous, was silent and attentive. The Baptist meeting house un- dergoing some alterations, the Presbyterians politely offered the use of theirs for the occasion, which was accepted." This congregation had erected in the year 1S05, a small house of HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. t ^ worship, and in 1813 had built a small conference room lor evening meetings. In the year 181 7 a larger one was completed, and the association was greatly benefited by the ministrations of the Rev. Mr. Somers. Immersions were frequently performed in the river at the foot of Grand Division street. During this year, and for a number of years after the close of the Avar, all kinds of business and manufacturing interests were prostrat- ed, and many persons were in consequence unemployed. The papers were filled with dissertations on political economy; the peo- ple were admonished that riches come by saving and poverty by spending; the merchants were told not to buy more than they could sell, and the manufacturers were informed that the safest course for them was to suit their supplies to the regular laws of demand. The river during the three winters of these years of business depression and suffering, was singularly filled with a little scaleless fish, called "Tom Cod." This abundance of fish was considered a special gift of Providence, furnishing as it did, the tables of the great multitude with palatable and precious food. They have not in later years ap- peared in any abundance in the Hudson in the vicinity of Troy. From the year 181 7 to 1820, the Troy Library contained from six hundred and thirty-seven to six hundred and ninety-two . . 1817. volumes. Jacob L. Lane was then librarian, and the books were kept in his office, where William H. Young's book store is at present situated. Although business generally was everywhere dull and unprofitable, yet the shipping interests of Troy were apparently in a flourishing condition. On Sunday, April 6th, of this year, between thirty and forty sloops arrived at the docks from New York, Athens and other places along the river. And in the following week, flour, wheat and provisions were shipped from Troy, amounting in value to two hun- dred thousand dollars. The flour was the manufacture of the four mills in the southern part of the city. One of the greatest blessings ever conferred by the Legislature of New York, was the grand enactment which abolished slavery within the borders of the State By the act passed March 29, 1799, it was declared that every child born of a slave within the State, after the fourth of July, 1799, should be free, but was to remain with the owner, mother, executors, and assigns, until the age of twenty- eight years if a male, and if a female, until twenty-five years of age; and that every child born of a slave after the passage of the act, was 15 114 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY to remain a servant until the age of twenty-one years, and every negro, mulatto or mustee, within the State, born before the fourth of July, 1799, was from and after the fourth of July, 1827, to be free The passage of this law was received by the colored people with great rejoicings. On Sunday, July 13th, 181 7, the children and colored people of the several Sunday schools in the city, numbering from eight hundred to one thousand persons, assembled with their officers and teachers in the Presbyterian church, in the afternoon, and celebrated it as an anniversary occasion. In the year 1818, Prof. Amos Eaton, the first man in America to inaugurate the present lecture system, so popular and in- structive in its aim, in company with Dr, Moses Hale and Dr. Ira M. Wells, of Troy, projected the incorporation of the Troy Lyceum of Natural History, for the purpose of encouraging the study and disseminating a knowledge of natural history and of the other sciences. Jas. Dalaby, Richard P. Hart, Isaac McConihe, Dr. Ely Burritt and George Tibbits, constituted a body corporate and politic by the name of "The Troy Lyceum of Natural History." At the first stated meeting on the 9th day of November, 1818, John D. Dickinson was chosen President, James Dalaby First-Vice Presi- dent, David Buel, Jr., Second-Vice President, Obed Rice, Recording Secretary, Dr, Amatus Robbins, Corresponding Secretary, Albert Pawling Heartt, Treasurer, and Dr. Moses Hale, Dr. Ira M. Wells and Dr. Amatus Robbins, Curators. The office of Curator was one of great labor and required a very accurate knowledge of science. The duties of the Curators were to superintend and preserve all the prop- erty, arrange it in the cases, name scientifically and enter in proper books all the mineralogical, botanical and other collected specimens. "A year from its commencement it numbered among its members some of the most celebrated men in the United States, and the pub- lications of its transactions were circulated from one end of the country to the other. This was, indeed, the first society of the kind in America. The celebrity of this one, brought others into exis- tence elsewhere. In the fall of 1819, "The Plough Boy " a valuable and scientific paper published in Albany, by Solomon Southwick, was the medium for the publication of its transactions. The society first met in the school house near the old church of St. Paul's, but subsequently a suitable hall was procured in the Court house in which the specimens were kept and where the meetings were held. On the 7th of March, 1820, the Society was incorporated by the HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 115 Legislature. The Society was prosperous until the fire of 1820, when many of the books and records of the Lyceum, which were kept in Dr. I. M. Wells' store, were destroyed. This loss was a great blow and a check to the Society, from which it never fully re- covered. It however continued its regular meetings and transac- tions until 1828, when the Court House was taken down. The specimens of the Lyceum, for want of a hall or other proper place to keep them in, were boxed up and stored away for safe keeping. In 1833, the Lyceum was resuscitated, and a hall was procured in the new Court House, and its minerals and other specimens of value were again placed in cases." 1 Amos Eaton, who associated himself with the interests of the Troy Lyceum, was also the originator of the establishment of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, or " Rensselaer School," as it was termed, in the year 1824. He was "born in the town of Chatham, Columbia county, N. Y , on the 17th of May, 1776. His father was a farmer, and a highly respected citizen of that town. The son early manifested superior ability and high aspirations. At the age of sixteen he had made himself a practical land surveyor, making his own magnetic needle and compass case out of the rude material at hand With the encouragement of his parents, he fitted for col- lege, and at the age of twenty-three he graduated at Williams College in 1799, with a high reputation for his scientific attainments. He commenced the study of the law with Elisha Williams, in Col- umbia county, soon after graduating, and continued the study of law in New York, in the office of Josiah Ogden Hoffman. It was in New York that he came under the instruction of Dr. Hosack and Dr Mitchell, and became interested in botany and other natural sciences to such a degree that he never could wholly resist the sway of his enthusiasm for those pursuits. He was admitted an attorney of the Supreme Court of this State at Albany in 1802, and located as lawyer and land agent at Catskill. Here he gave his first course of popular lectures on botany, and prepared a small elementary treatise on the subject He attended lectures at New Haven in 1815 In 1817 he returned to Williamstown and gave lectures to the students on botany, mineralogy and geology. The first edition of his ' Manual of Botany ' was published this year. He continued his public lectures in the large towns of New England and New 1 From an address on the life of Dr. Moses Hale, delivered before the Troy Lyceum, March 12, 183S, by Hon. Isaac McComhe. I 1 6 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. York, exciting great attention and interest in the natural sciences. In 1818, Governor De Witt Clinton invited him to Albany, and he gave a course of lectures before the members of the Legislature. In 1820, he was appointed Professor of Natural History in the Med- ical College at Castleton, Vt , and delivered several courses of lectures there. About this time he seems to have settled down and made his home in Troy, and extended his system of instruction to the people, and with the co-operation of many of the citizens at that time, the ' Lyceum of Natural History ' was formed, and one of the most extensive collections of American geological specimens in the whole country was gathered and arranged." 1 The horse-ferry boat which for many years plied between West Troy and Troy, was placed in the river in the latter part of the month of May, 1819. It is referred to in the Budget of June the first, as follows: " The Horse Boat invented by Mr. Lang- don, has now been in operation at Mr. Van Derheyden's ferry, in this city during last week. The machinery is built upon a common scow. The boat crosses the river, which is less than a quarter of a mile, in four minutes. It is confidently expected that for the purpose of dispatch, and on the ground of economy, this boat will be in high repute and general use throughout the United States." The boat is better described by Professor Benjamin Silliman, in his tour to Que- bec in 1819: "Nearly six miles from Albany, we crossed the river into Troy. The ferry boat is of most singular construction. A platform covers a wide flat boat. Underneath the platform, there is a large horizontal solid wheel which extends to the sides of the boat; and there the platform or deck is cut through, and removed, so as to afford sufficient room for two horses to stand on the flat surface of the wheel, one horse on each side and parallel to the gunwale of the boat The horses are harnessed in the usual manner for teams, the whiffle-trees being attached to stout iron bars, fixed horizontally, at a proper height into posts, which are a part of the fixed portion of the boat. The horses look in opposite directions, one to the bow and the other to the stern ; their feet take hold of channels or groves cut in the wheels, in the direction of radii ; they press forward, and although they advance not, any more than a squirrel in a revolving cage, or than a spit dog at his work, their feet cause the horizontal wheel to revolve, in a direction opposite to that of their own appar- 1 From an address of Hon. James Forsyth, President of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, June 17, 1874. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. I I 7 i ent motion; this by a connection of cogs, moves vertical wheels, one on each wing of the boat, and these, being constructed like the pad- dle wheels of steamboats, produce the same effect, and propel the boat forward. The horses are covered by a roof, furnished with curtains, to protect them in bad weather; they do not appear to labor harder than common draft horses with a heavy load. The inventor of this boat is Mr. Langdon, of Whitehall, and it claims important advantages of simplicity, cheapness and effect. At first view, the labor appears like a hardship upon the horses, but probably this is an illusion, as it seems very immaterial to their comfort, whether they advance with their load, or cause the basis on which they labor, to recede." In 1S24 two of these boats were in successful operation at the two ferries of Troy, and thirty-one elsewhere. Professor Sil- liman, who did not remain any length of time in Troy, further writes of the Troy Lyceum of Natural History: "A number of its (Troy) gentlemen have discovered their attachment to science, by the insti- tution of a Lyceum of Natural History, which, fostered by the ac- tivity, zeal and intelligence of its members, and its lecturer, Mr. Eaton, promises to be a public benefit, and to elevate the character of the place." The organization of the Rensselaer County Agricultural Society was effected on the third day of June, 1819. A meeting of the farmers and others interested in the science of agriculture and gen- eral farming, was convened in the Court House, at which the follow- ing persons were chosen as the first officers of the association: George Tibbits, President; H. Knickerbacker, First Vice President; Simon Newcomb, Second Vice President ; Edmund C. Genet, Third Vice President ; Philip Heartt, Treasurer ; George R Davis, Corres- ponding Secretary ; and Henry Hoyle, Recording Secretary. The first exhibition of the society was held at Troy on the second of October, 1819, and was largely attended by the inhabitants of Troy and neighboring places in the county. The most calamitous event recorded in the early history of Troy was a disastrous fire which occurred on Tuesday afternoon of the twentieth day of June, 1820. At this time as here- tofore mentioned, business was dull; the manufacturing interests of the whole country were suffering for want of orders and money to keep them in operation; and bankruptcy had come to the doors of many of the most enterprising and industrious. At this unfortunate juncture of public affairs, the fire, which is described in the Budget n8 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY of June 27th, occurred; and which in so small a place caused great distress and loss of valuable property. "An Awful and Destructive Fire ! ! — An awful calamity has fallen upon our city. The fairest, though not the largest portion of it, is in ruins.. About four o'clock in the afternoon of Tuesday last, a fire was discovered bursting from a barn in the rear of Col. Thos. Davis' house, and immediately became uncontrollable. The whole range of stores on the west side of River street, from Dr Gale's to Dr. Coming's store, containing an immense amount of property, and all the buildings between River street and First street, from Vail's brick store and dwelling house to Wm. S. Parker's bookstore, inclu- sive, except the Troy Bank, are entirely consumed. The wind be- ing from the south, the conflagration spread with frightful rapidity to the north. Our citizens, with the timely aid of some fire engines from Lansingburgh, Albany, Waterford, and the United States Ar- senal, and the citizens of those places, made a great and successful effort to stop it at Dr. Coming's store. What was once the scene of our principal business, is now the seat of desolation ! ! The loss is es- timated to be from Seven Hundred Thousand to a Million of Dollars ! Though considerable sums were insured on the property, a great portion of the insurance stock is owned by the very men upon whom this calamity has fallen with its almost unsustainable weight. The following is a complete list of sufferers, which has been politely furnished us : "Beginning at Corning & Co.'s store, (now Fisk, Cowee & Co.'s,) where the fire was finally arrested, and proceeding down River street on the west side, the following is a correct statement of build- ings destroyed: D. Buel, store, Avood, , two-story, occupied by Daniel H. Stone as a paper warehouse. Elder Isaac Webb, two two-story wood stores, occupied by E. Mosely, grocer, and R. Reed as a stove factory. E. Warren & Co., seven-story brick store. A. & W. Kellogg & Co., six-story brick store. J. Holmes, six-story brick store. R. P. Hart & Co., six-story wood. Daniel Merritt & Son, seven-story brick. Gardner & Patterson, six-story wood. A. Fellows, four-story wood, jewelers' factory. A. Anthony, four-story wood, unoccupied. A. Anthony, three-story brick store and dwell- ing. T. McCoun, six-story brick store. (North-west corner River and State streets.) " I. Merritt & Son, six-story brick store, (south-west corner of River and State streets). Thos. Davis, five-story brick store. A. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY, I 19 Larcom, two-story wood, grocery and provision store. E. Morgan, two-story wood, occupied by R. Gideons, hair dresser and dwelling, E. Morgan, three-story wood store. F- Morgan, three-story brick, on the wharf. P. Heartt & Sons, six-story brick, hardware. A. Crandall & Co., two-story wood, groceries, provisions and dwelling. Solomon Wilbur, Jr., three-story wood, occupied by Henry Stock- well as a bookstore, bindery and dwelling. J. Weld, three-story wood tinware factory. J. Weld, three-story wood, hardware. Heirs of James R. Smith, four-story wood store, occupied by Isaac Brink- erhoof, hardware. Heirs of James R. Smith, two-story wood, occu- pied by Cornelius Adriance as a hat store and dwelling. Heirs of James R. Smith, two-story wood, hat manufactory in the rear. Z. Filer, one-story wood, tailor's shop. Dr. Gale, two-story wood, oc- cupied by James Young, jeweler. The fire was arrested at Gale's store, the Post-office, (now J. L. Thompson, Sons & Co.) by the ex- traordinary exertions of a few gentlemen The building was fre- quently on fire. In all the preceding buildings, the stories are counted on the wharfs. " Proceeding up River street on the east side, beginning at H. & G. Vail's brick stores, opposite the Post-office. Mr. McGready, three two-story wood buildings, occupied by James Adams as a shoe store, and D. McKelsie as a chair factory and sales shop, and Miss Brown, milliner. P. Heartt & Sons, one-story wood office, oc- cupied by Wm. M. Bliss, Esq. P. Heartt & Sons, three-story brick front, occupied by James Wallace as a grocery and dwelling, and three other families for dwellings. P. Heartt & Sons, three-story elegant brick store, filled with hardware from the cellar to the gar- ret Nathan Betts, two-story wood, occupied by Mr. Hicks as a grocery and dwelling. C. Adriance, two-story wood, occupied by Mr, Taylor and Mr. Deming. George Tibbits, three-story brick front, occupied by two widows as groceries and dwellings. C Pease, two-story wood, occupied by Thomas Houghton, grocer Seven two-story wood, five owned by Benjamin Covell, one by J 'Weld, one owner unknown, occupied by Mr Defreest as a grocery provision store and dwelling. Mr. Douglass, saddler's shop and dwelling. Wm. Osborne, bakery and dwelling. Mr. Hascall, milli- nery shop and dwelling. Weld & Brandt, coppersmith's shop and stove factory William Perry, locksmith. George White, printer, dwelling house. E. Reed, shoemaker's shop and dwelling. Jesse Boutwell, Miss Wilson, and probably other dwellings. I 20 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. "D G. Bears, two-story wood; stables, horse shed and a one-story house adjoining, occupied by Amos Allen as a tavern, north-east corner of State and River streets. Moore & Pitcher, two-story brick store and dwelling. Joseph Brintnall, two-story wood, dry goods. E. Warren & Co., three-story brick, occupied by Southwick, Cannon & Warren, wholesale dry goods. Hart & Nazro, hardware. D Lane, dry goods. I. M. Wells, druggist, the books, papers, &c, about $100 in cash, belonging to the County medical society, are lost , Troy library, best part, some cash and some account books. Pierce & Sacket, crockery. M. McFadden, dry goods and millinery. William S Parker, book store, bindery and office of the Troy Post; all three story brick, and owned by A. & D. Lane, (now Hall's building.) " Proceeding down First street, on the west side, Dickinson & Mitchell, two-story brick office, and a two-story wood house ; two tenements occupied by Hezekiah Williams and O. Eaton ; all owned by A. & D. Lane. Bank of Troy, corner of First and State streets, some damaged. " Messrs. Paine's office, two-story wood, opposite ; (south-west cor- ner of State and River streets.) Farmers' Bank, occupied by H. Peebles, Esq., contents of vaults saved George Gardner, two-story wood dwelling. Mrs. Dr. Nott, two-story brick. L Lyman's dwel- ling. Dr. Burritt, two-story wood, his dwelling and office. Thomas Davis, two-story wood, his dwelling; the fire originated in Colonel Davis' stable. On State street, between First and River streets. Isaac Merritt, two-story wood dwelling, occupied by Joseph Deuel. George Tibbits, two-story wood, occupied by Frederick Tator and Asaph Humphrey, as dwellings. D. G. Bears, one two-story wood and one of one-story wood occupied by Cyrus Hewett, William Phelps and A. Hill, as dwellings. Total sixty-nine stores and houses, be- sides about twelve stables, as many wood-houses; about ninety-three buildings." The Mayor, Hon. Esaias Warren, to mitigate the sufferings of the needy, and to relieve the wants of the impoverished people, made a public appeal for aid through the newspapers, and a local committee* was appointed to distribute such donations as were immediately for- warded to the distressed city. Among the many generous contribu- tions received from various portions of the state and country, the following were published in the papers : From Messrs. William F. and Samuel Mott, of New York city, $ 50 OO William D. Cheever, 1 00 00 int i)&rmQT%m JUNE 20. /8£i HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 121 William Stevenson, Cambridge 50 00 Mr. Pond, Hartford, Conn., 10 00 John Hone, Esq., New York City 20 00 Gilbert Wilkinson, Poughkeepsie 5 00 Joseph Graham, New York city, .• 100 00 Unknown, in New York city, 30 00 Edward P. Livingston, New York city, 100 00 Benjamin De Forest & Co., New York city, 50 00 From the Committee of the Second Ward, . 521 22 From the Committee of the Third Ward, 838 00 Elder Ward, of Pittstovvn, a quantity of pork. James Canby, Brandywine, Pa., through his agents Thomas Buckley & Son, New York City, ten barrels of flour. From the United Society of Believ- ers, at Watervliet, by their agents Peter Dodge and Luther Wells, two wagon loads of valuable provisions and useful articles. Colonel Albert Pawling, $20. Julius Hanks, of Gibbonsville, $20. The City of New York sent the following general donations : First Ward by Alderman Tooker, $2,000 00 Second Ward by Alderman Townsends 1,020 80 Third Ward by Mr. Talman, 627 70 Fourth Ward by Alderman Anthony and others, 643 19 Fifth Ward by Mr. Town and others, 292 68 Sixth Ward by Mr. Reynolds, 494 91 Seventh Ward by Alderman Mann, 428 IO Eighth Ward by Gen. North, 38675 Tenth Ward by Mr. Munson, 333 22 $6,227 35 The committee appointed to receive donations, for the relief of the sufferers from the fire, reported on the 19th of March, 182 1, that they had received in money fourteen thousand two hundred and fifty- two dollars and forty-nine cents, and in flour, provisions, vegetables, cheese, clothing and sundry household utensils, to a considerable amount. The committee expressed the great obligations under which Troy had been placed by the contributions from the different states, cities and towns, and to the United Society of Believers, commonly called Shakers, at Enfield and Canterbury, New Hampshire ; at Pitts- field and Tyringham, Mass. ; at Enfield, Conn., and at New Lebanon and Watervliet, (Niskayuna) in this State, for the promptitude with which they came to the relief of Troy, loaded with the fruits of their charity. The members of the committee were Gurdon Corn- ing, Joseph Russell, William Bradley, Joseph D. Selden, Zephaniah Filer, Thomas Skelding and Lewis Lyman. 16 122 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. These generous gifts were thankfully received and apportioned among the necessitous people. The appeal was answered by other donations of money, food and clothing from many different people and places, which the Troy people afterwards imitated whenever the cry of distress came up from an afflicted community. The twelfth day of July was observed in Troy by all the churches as a day of public humiliation and prayer The following incident connected with the fire appeared in the Budget of July 4th, 1820 "The immense quantity of grain, flour, provisions, &c, with which many stores four, five and six stories high were crowded full, still burn like a coal pit, and such is the depth of the cellars, that it is at present quite impracticable totally to extin- guish the fire. It is a singular fact that whole barrels of wheat flour have been completely charred by the late fire and without the aid of water, formed a coal harder than that made from hard wood. A piece of this coal was taken from the ruin by a gentleman, who kept it sometime in his hands and handed it to others, and then carried it to Piatt Titus' tavern, and delivered it to him to keep until he should leave the city, as he intended to take it with him. Piatt Titus laid it in his bar and after some time it was discovered that the coal was on fire, and was burning so freely that had it not been discovered it is probable the house would soon have been in flames from it." For the better protection of property in the city, a fire law was passed July 8th, which exhibits an extreme carefulness on the part of the city authorities. "No person shall smoke or carry any light- ed or burning segar or pipe, in any street, alley, barn, stable or out- house in the city, upon pain of forfeiting and paying for each and every such offence, the penalty of one dollar." Two suction engines were ordered from New York city by the corporation, and the city placed under the strictest surveillance of two fire wardens and the public conservators of property. The Rensselaer and Saratoga In- surance Company lost by this fire one hundred and ten thousand dollars, all of which was paid in sixty days thereafter. A meeting of the military officers residing in the county of Rens- selaer, was called to meet at the house of Captain Samuel Mowris, in Troy, on the 10th of October, 1820. At this meeting, Major S. Cheever was called to the chair, and Lieutenant W. Palmer, was ap- pointed Secretary. A constitution was then submitted to the meet- ing and adopted as the basis of the Rensselaer Military Association. The following persons were elected as officers thereof: Lieutenant HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 123 Colonel William L. Marcy, President ; Colonel George R. Davis, First Vice President ; Major Edward Whitford, Second Vice President ; Colonel Barent Schuyler, Marshal; Major John Woodworth, Jr., Cor- responding Secretary ; Major Thomas Turner, Jr., Recording Secre- tary; Lieutenant Alex. B. Converse, Treasurer. The other officers present were Major D. S. Wendell, Captain R. Christie, Captain C. Schuyler, Captain H. Mallory, Captain A. Bull, Captain J. Ladue, Captain H. F. Bayeux and Lieutenant Benj. Snedeker. The establishment of a plough manufactory in Troy in the year 1818, by Nathaniel and Charles Starbuck, was an accession of no little importance to its business interests. For many years the farm- ers had been accustomed to use the rudest forms of farming imple- ments. The ploughs with which they prepared their fields for seeding, were known as "bull-ploughs," the share of which was made of steel and the mould-board of wood. Quite an aversion existed among the Dutch farmers for any innovating forms of machinery and farm- ing implements, and the firm of N. & C. Starbuck had great difficul- ty in introducing the improved Wood plough, which they had then begun to manufacture. It is said that the Dutch farmers had a superstitous belief that these iron ploughs "poisoned the soil and made the rocks grow." To overcome these singular prejudices, the Starbuck firm were accustomed to go into the country and leave one of their make of ploughs at every farm, asking the farmer to give it a fair trial, and agreeing to remove it on their return, if he was not disposed to purchase. The Starbuck Plough Manufactory was on th? west side of River street, south of the present site of Fulton Market. The Rensselaer County Agricultural Fair was a great bene- fit to this firm, where they not only exhibited the qualities of their ploughs but also received merited diplomas. By these different means the Starbuck firm increased their sales and became widely known as the makers of the Jethro Wood plough. Previous to the year 182 1, the first foundry ever established in Troy, was owned by Alpheus Hanks, Ephraim Gurley and Truman Hanks. It was situa- ted on the south-east corner of Fifth and Grand Division streets, and was known as the Troy Air Furnace. In April, 1821, Ephraim Gurley was taken into the firm of C. & N. Starbuck, which was changed to the name of Starbucks & Gurley. Having purchased the Hot Air Furnace, and being the owners of the Troy Plough Factory, the firm began the casting of parts of machinery, ploughs, kettles, cauld- rons and stoves. In 1823, Charles Starbuck died, and the firm was I 24 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. then Starbuck & Gurley. After many other changes, the Starbuck firm of the present day, are the enterprising successors of these earlier partners. Velocipedes at this early date were to be seen passing rapidly through the streets of Troy, propelled by the action of riders strik- ing the road-way with their feet, and thus moving them onward with strides from twenty to thirty feet. The most successful of veloci- pedists in the city was Martin Russell, who was in the habit of riding his velocipede from Congress street to the Waterford bridge and return, a distance of eight miles, in an hour. The notable enterprise of the Troy merchants and other business men was not destroyed by the burning of their stores and warehouses, but on the contrary their misfortunes seem to have inspirited them to renewed effort and to greater undertakings. In an article in the Troy Post of January 23d, 1821, the city and its prospects are thus described: "The amount of business transacted in this city during the last fall and present winter, far exceeds what could have been expected. Notwithstanding the low prices of country produce, hundreds of sleighs from the north and west daily thronged our streets for several weeks. The growing preference which the western farmers, who have grain to dispose of, give to this market, is an earnest of the future increase of the business of this city. The gloom which overspread our citizens immediately after the fire has disappeared. The desponding feelings excited by the view of the smoking ruins of the most commercial section of the city, were dissi- pated, when we saw about twenty-five new edifices reared amidst the ruins in the short space of five months after the fire. The extensive preparations now making for building, give additional animation to the scene. During the ensuing season, that portion of our city which was desolated by the fire, will be covered with buildings much supe- rior in construction and value to those which were destroyed. Not only will our waste places be rebuilt, but other parts of the city will be improved by the erection of substantial buildings. Our enter- prising merchants, far from sinking under their losses, have braced themselves to the shock and seem to have acquired new vigor in ca- lamity. The poorer classes of our citizens, and those who were reduced to poverty by the fire, have been so far relieved by the charitable contributions of our citizens, that no instance of actual personal suffering, it is believed, now exists. And, although the loss of property was almost unparalleled, we rejoice that our merchants HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. I 25 still command a capital for business equal to the exigencies of the extensive section of country of which this city is the natural market. The desolating fire will long be remembered as an afflicting dispen- sation of Providence ; but under its gracious smiles, the enterprise of our citizens, will in a few years retrieve the losses they have sus- tained." The establishment of the Female Seminary in Troy in the year 1 82 1, gave to the city an institution for the education of young wo- men which at that time had not its equal in the United States. The principal, Mrs. Emma Willard, was the first woman in America to place the standard of female education upon the same plane of study which was then pursued by young men in the various colleges and higher academies in the land. In the year 1819, while teaching in Middlebury, Vt., she submitted her plan for improving the education of females to Governor De Witt Clinton, at Albany. The Governor was convinced by this able teacher of the need of such an institu- tion as was proposed by her, and through his influence and that of others, she was induced to remove her school to Waterford, with the understanding that she would receive the necessary aid from the State, which was needed to carry out her plans. The only legisla- tive action taken, however, was the passage of a bill incorporating an institution on the plan proposed, appointing a board of trustees, and nominating Rev. Samuel Blatchford, President of the board. The school was placed under the inspection of the Regents of the University, and was to receive a share of the State literary fund. Mrs. Willard was at length compelled to relinquish the plans she had formed for the establishment of a female seminary at Waterford, for want of money, which was not appropriated, as expected, by the State Legislature, and to accept a proposition from the people of Troy to become the principal of an institution in their city. The corporation of Troy proposed to raise by tax four thousand dollars, and another fund was promised through subscriptions by the citi- zens. In the spring of 1821, she removed from Waterford, and in May began teaching in the lecture room of the Lyceum, .and occu- pied two adjoining houses for ladies' studies and lodging rooms. In the meantime the old wooden building formerly known as Moul- ton's Coffee House, sixty by forty feet, three stories high, contain- ing twenty-two rooms and a large ball-chamber, was purchased by the corporation, and was stripped of its weather-boarding, leaving nothing else than the frame and floors. The frame was filled in 126 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. with brick, and rooms arranged according to plans made by Mrs. Emma Willard. The building was to be completed in September, to be three stories in height above the basement, and to contain a dining room, as well as a kitchen and laundry. Many of the teachers had been educated by her for their several positions, and thus the institution was at once prepared for the career which was so auspiciously opened for it in Troy. The Faculty was made up of the following persons : Mrs. Emma Willard, principal ; Miss Elizabeth Sherrill, Angelica Gilbert, Mary Heywood and Elizabeth P. Huntington, teachers ; Miss Sarah W. Ingalls, Mary H. Field, Mary E. Aiken and Elizabeth Whiting, as- sistant teachers. The pupils who attended the first session of the school from Troy were : Mary E. Aikin, Clarissa Butler, Hannah Corning, Julia F. Converse, Maria Cushman, Deborah Doolittle, Adaline Fassett, Emily Fitch, Mary Gardner, Lucretia Hudson, Theodosia Hudson, Angelica R. Lane, Harriet Mead, Lucretia Paine, Elizabeth Redfield, Julia Russell, Mary E. Richards, Mary Sim, Phebe Titus, Julia F. Tracey, Julia Truesdell, Sarah Vander- heyden, Maria Vandenburgh, Mary M. Wilson, Mary Warren, Lydia Warren, Harriet Warren, Phebe Warren and Mary Waters. The catalogue embraced ninety names of pupils in attendance from Troy and elsewhere. Georgia, South Carolina, Ohio, Massachu- setts, Vermont and Connecticut were represented in the list of scholars. The first Trustees of the Seminary were : Amasa Paine, David Buel, Jr., William Bradley, Joseph Russell, Richard P. Hart, James Mallory, Nathan Warren and Jeremiah Dauchy. The Committee of Ladies were : Mrs. Eunice Pawling, Mrs. Sally Tibbits, Mrs. Ann Douglass, Mrs. Ethelinda Selden, Mrs. Olivia Mallory, Mrs. Mary Mabbet, Mrs. Angelica Lane, Mrs Lydia Warren, Mrs. Sally Bliss and Mrs. Abigail Coe. The death of Rev. Jonas Coe, on Sunday evening, July 21, 1822, deprived Troy of the best and most honored man among its inhabitants. The Presbyterian Church was not only be- reaved of a faithful, an affectionate and a noble pastor, but the peo- ple in general, the local societies and neighboring communities, mourned his departure with no common sorrow. In an obituary notice, he is spoken of in these truthful words : " It has seldom fallen to our lot to record the death of a man so much beloved, and so extensively useful. He has been a faithful and laborious servant HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 12J in the vineyard of his Lord and Master. He has been a practical, an everyday preacher of the gospel. In the sacred desk he has faithfully exhibited the humbling and purifying doctrines of the Cross ; in his daily walk and conversation he has given a constant and living reproof to the profane, to the worldly-minded citizen, and the cold professor. In his life he exemplified the christian du- ties, in his death the christian graces. His private character was truly amiable. He was an affectionate husband, and the tenderest of parents. In his intercourse with society he was truly polite, for his actions were regulated by the essence of politeness — true benev- olence. In his last illness, he manifested the most perfect resigna- tion to the will of Heaven After taking a most affectionate leave of his family, he died, or rather fell asleep in Jesus, about 8 o'clock, without a struggle or a groan. "His mind was tranquil and serene, No terrors in his looks were seen." "Well may an eye-witness say, 'Let me die the death of the right- eous and let my last end be like his.' His loss will be deplored not only by his own church and congregation, to whose hearts he was very dear, but by many neighboring churches to whom he has been a father; by many neighboring pastors, to whom he has been a coun- sellor and a friend, and by the Presbyterian church at large, in whose councils he has often presided. His funeral will be attended and a sermon delivered this day at three o'clock p. m., in the Presbyterian church "* Thus passed away the first preacher of the gospel to the inhabi- tants of Troy. On a tablet in the first Presbyterian church, is the following inscription: "Inscribed to the memory of Rev. Jonas Coe, D. D., ordained first pastor of this church, June 25, 1793; died July 21, 1822, in the sixty-fourth year of his age, having dis- charged the duties of an affectionate and faithful shepherd twenty- nine years " This vacancy in the pulpit of the first Presbyterian church, was filled by Rev. Nathan S. S. Beman, of the Presbytery of Georgia. He preached his first sermon to the congregation on the first Sunday in September, 1822. A call was given him the eleventh day of the following November. He did not, however, officiate regularly as the pastor of the church until June, 1823, when he returned from a visit to the south, where he had passed the winter for the benefit of 1 Troy Post, July 23, 1822. 128 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. his health. His installment as pastor of the Presbyterian church and congregation on Wednesday, the 18th of June, 1823, was as fol- lows : "The Rev. Mr Rodgers, of Sandy Hill, introduced the public solemnities of the day by imploring the divine benediction — reading the Scriptures, and an appropriate Hymn — and supplicating the throne of Grace The sermon was preached by the Rev. Nathaniel S. Prime, of Cambridge, from 2 Cor. 6, 10: 'As poor yet making many rich.' The Rev. Dr. Blatchford, of Lansingburgh, presided, and gave the charge to the pastor, and the Rev. Absalom Peters, of Bennington, delivered an address to the congregation. The concluding prayer was offered up by the Rev. John R Coe, of Whitehall. " Of all the exercises of the day, it may be said with great truth, that they were highly appropriate and instructive. Fixed and solemn attention pervaded the assembly; and we trust that the records of another world will show, that the interesting and affecting scene has been followed by much good. The musick of the day was selected with judgment and performed with taste, and could not fail of ex- citing the finest emotions, and of receiving the approbation of every lover of song." l The spirit with which Troy set forth its claims as the head of steam navigation on the Hudson, is clearly illustrated in the following arti- cle, and which also shows the practical wisdom which governed its prosperity and growth at that time : "It is already felt at Troy, that measures of self-defence are necessary. Competition is awakened on every side. Still self-defence is not the only object. Troy has an acquired right to share fully in porportion to its capital and spirit in the trade which it contributes to open with the regions of the west. It depends on the spirit of this community to secure that valuable right. A new era in our internal commerce is this year to commence. It is not only the interior of this growing commonwealth, but that boundless traffic which has heretofore been divided between New Orleans, Philadelphia and Montreal, that is now to flow through a middle channel, direct to New York, and must have a convenient place of transhipment at the head of steam navigation on the Hudson Shall this be Albany or shall it be Troy? "Troy cannot likewise have the privilege of steam navigation for sixteen years to come, unless under the rights of a -batentee in steam 1 Troy Post, June 24, 1823. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. I 29 navigation, who can oppose the monopoly, or operate independently of its license under the protection of the laws of die United States, ready to be extended to it according to the law of Congress, of Feb- ruary, 1 8 19. " We know that capital commands business. But as there is also capital at Albany, let adequate causes combine to lead the main cur- rent of trade there, and the capital of Troy may in a considerable degree follow it. Such is invariably the practice of men, and espec- ially of young men in business. Leave this place in possession of its natural advantages only, and give Albany all the artificial advan- tages contemplated, and its prosperity will be greatly increased, and in some measure at the expense of this city. "But on the other hand let this place be made the head of steam navigation on the Hudson, and what will be the effect. The river is here a natural basin. The canal boats descend into it, and may be made to come over to the wharves very conveniently. They receive loading from the stores, or directly from the steam tow boats, which may arrive in regular succession every day from New York. Troy becomes so annexed to the metropolis that it may be found prefera- ble to purchase goods here rather than there, co the extent of the capital employed here. The disadvantages of the navigation of the river below disappears before the power of steam; and loading will here be not only two hourb nearer its destination in the country than at Albany, but the expense of six miles toll,-and delays of the locks saved. " Finally the essence of good policy is to lead trade by accommo- dation, and not force it into artificial channels. " It naturally converges to this point and center, from the west and east, the north and the south. Make it for the interest of the people to come to Troy. "The passage across the Mohawk will be attended with some risk and delay, and must be unpleasant, perhaps dangerous to passengers. The people of the north will not be satisfied till they can come in a canal packet into the heart of Troy, as they do now into Utica, and as they will come into Albany. "To be on an equal footing the Troy canal ought never to be given up. The northern canal boats ought to meet the steam boats at Troy, or the country will not have a choice of markets. "A line of wagons and stages will then be run between Schenec- tady and this ferry, to carry and bring passengers, and the more light J 7 I30 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. and valuable loading, in order to avoid the delay of the numerous locks near Cohoes. The turnpike road may be thus made excellent property. "Thus all the usual causes of the prosperity of a place may be combined, and Troy, with its natural advantages for mills, manufac- tories, mechanic arts, and commerce, must be progressively pros- perous." 1 A daily line of stages (Sundays excepted) between Troy and Schenectady, began running on Monday, May the fifth, leaving Schen- ectady, at 8 o'clock a. m. and Lasell's Tavern in Troy, the same day at 4 o'clock p. m. The fare was seventy-five cents each way. The owner of the stages, Thomas Powell, of Schenectady, in his adver- tisement stated that "As this is an establishment entirely new; it is not likely to be very profitable at first, but the proprietor hopes in time, with the assistance of his friends, to make it a great accommo- dation to the public, and merely asks a remuneration for necessary expenses." The rocky heights of Mount Olympus, in the northern boundary of the city, apparently was considered a place worthy of resort by the inhabitants of Troy. In the early summer of this year, W. D. Van der Heyden erected on the pinnacle of the prominence, a com- modious, octagonal building, and made along the declivitous sides, an easy walk to the roadway below. A keeper remained in the build- ing night and day during the summer, and was prepared to furnish visitors with such cooling cordials and other seasonable beverages as might be desired. Pointers were also placed by the proprietor to direct the attention of visitors to the different views. The Round house remained upon Mount Olympus until it was burned, on the night of the thirteenth of February, 1830. The following geological description of Mount Olympus appeared in one of the newspapers of that time : " The summit of the rock is one hundred and twenty feet higher than low water mark, at the northern termination of the tide waters of the Hudson, one hundred and seventy-eight miles from the ocean, calculating from below the Narrows, south of New York City. It consists of a rock of sessile argillite, with its layers dipping to the south-east as to form an aver- age angle of 65 ° with the horizon. It is mostly of the glazed slate variety. It contains much carburet of iron, iron pyrites and a curi- 1 Troy Post, May 13, 1823. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. I3I ously striated variety of quartz between the natural cleavages: small specimens of anthracite have also been found in it." The fifth religious organization which was formed in Troy was the "First Restorationist Society," more commonly known at this day as the First Universalist Church. The first trustees of this incor- porated body of believers were : Hon. Henry Koon, James Adams, Bela Barber, Samuel Smith and Adam Smith. Rev. Lemuel Willis was the first elected minister of the society. On Tuesday, the twenty-ninth day of July, 1823, the corner stone of the church was laid with appropriate ceremonies, conducted by the pastor elect. The church was built on the south side of Ferry street between First and Second streets, and was a wooden structure two stories in height, with a seating capacity for five hundred persons. The Troy Savings Bank was incorporated April 23d, 1823, and the following persons were appointed the first managers of the in- stitution: John Gary, Derick Lane, Richard P. Hart, Gurdon Corn- ing, John Thomas, John Paine, Nathan Warren, Lewis Lyman, Piatt Titus, James Van Schoonhoven, Henry Mallory, Leland Howard, Joseph Russell, Samuel Gale, Townsend McCoun, William Bradley, Alanson Douglas, William Smith and David Buel, Jr. The Board of Managers met at Piatt Titus' Tavern, on Friday, Aug. 1st, 1823, for the purpose of organizing the institution. Townsend McCoun was chosen Chairman and John Paine, Secretary, of the meeting. The officers elected were Townsend McCoun, President ; Richard P. Hart, First Vice President, and Lewis Lyman, Second Vice Presi- dent. The by-laws of the Troy Savings Bank were adopted on Friday evening, August 15th, in which it was stated that the bank was to be opened every Saturday evening, from six to eight o'clock. Deposits of one dollar or any larger sum was to be received. The lowest sum which would be allowed interest was five dollars, and no fractional part of a dollar was to be received. The Treasurer was on every Monday morning to deposit in the Farmers' Bank all moneys in his hands to the credit of the Troy Savings Bank. An arrangement was made with the Farmers' Bank, by which the banking room of that institution was to be used for receiving depos- its in the Savings Bank, and for the transaction of its business gen- erally. The money deposited in the Savings Bank was to be loaned to the Farmers' Bank at the rate of five per cent, per annum, payable half yearly. I32 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. The opening of the bank is thus referred to by a correspondent of the Troy Sentinel: "The Troy Savings Bank was opened last Saturday evening, (August 30th, 1823,) at the Farmers' Bank, for the first time. There were ten deposits made, amounting to $359, Among the number of depositors, I noticed four colored women who deposited each $20, $25, $51, $14, and also two minors each $1. On Tuesday, November nth, 1S23, $3,884 were the gross deposits made to that date, and it was stated that one female had made a de- posit of money every Saturday evening, from the opening of the bank in August. The completion of the State dam and the sloop lock at the north of the city, were thus honored by the citizens of Troy: "Yester- day morning, Monday, September 1st, 1823, the waters of the Hud- son were seen dashing over the dam in beautiful style. In the forenoon, the Corporation of the city turned out to greet the arrival of the large and beautiful lake boat Gleaner, from St. Albans, Vt., and the canal boat of our citizen, Mr. Whipple, from Whitehall. These are the two first vessels that have passed through the sloop lock just above us, which completes the connection of the northern canal with the river Hudson, and our citizens were anxious to testify their gratification at the long-wished for opening of this navigation. Accordingly, at half-past ten o'clock a. m. a procession, composed of the Corporation and a large concourse of citizens, escorted by the uniform companies of Troy, was formed under the command of Captain Pitcher, and marched to the upper end of River street, op- posite the place where the two boats were lying The Gleaner and another large boat were grappled together, and the Corporation, with the Light Infantry went on board. The decks of the boats fur- nished convenient room for the military to form, and as they floated past the city with colors flying and music playing, they returned with their musketry the salutes, which were fired by the artillery, posted at different stations along the shore. Thus honor due was paid to this interesting occasion." 1 The length of the dam was eleven hundred feet, and height nine feet. The inside length of the sloop lock was one hundred and fourteen feet, the width thirty feet, height twenty-five feet, and the lift nine feet. The cost of the dam was $92,270. The opening of the Erie canal on Wednesday, the 8th of October, 1823, was celebrated by the people of Troy in the following practi- * The Troy Sentinel, September 2, 1823. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. I 33 cal manner: "When the procession of boats from the junction of the western and northern canals, had passed on to Albany, accord- ing to the order of arrangements previously made, the Trojan Trader, a western freight boat, came down to the bridge near the Gibbonsville (West Troy) basin, opposite this city, and took on board the first load of merchandise sent from the Hudson west on the Erie canal. The goods had been purchased several days and were only waiting for the navigation to be opened. As the occasion was new and interesting to us here, our merchants took some little pains to manifest their gratification. As the side cut into the river opposite to Troy was not yet done, and as the junction canal, though com- pleted and filled with water, could not yet be opened so as to per- mit the Trojan Trader to come around by Waterford down the Hudson to be loaded at the wharf, it became necessary to transport the goods on wheels across the river to the place of embarkation on the main trunk of the canal. Accordingly in the morning, this ne- cessity being intimated to the carmen of Troy, with an alacrity highly honorable to their public spirit, they volunteered their services with one accord, to take the goods over. After loading their teams they proceeded in two divisions to the two ferries, and being, through the liberality of Mr. Vanderheyden, the proprietor of the two ferries, taken across in his horse boats, toll free, they had the goods all on the bank of the canal by twelve o'clock. Several of our citizens lent their assistance to* load the boat, and at two o'clock, the Trader, having on board upwards of twenty-five tons of merchandise, with her flag flying, and amid the cheers of assembled Trojans, started for the west. The Trojan Trader is commanded by Captain Brace, she is bound for Rochester, and on her flag are painted the follow- ing words: 'From Troy; the first Western boat loaded at Hudson's river.' " There were between eight and ten tons of merchandise which the Trader could not take ; these were put on board The Troy, an- other western boat, owned at Auburn. The following are the names of the merchants who purchased the above mentioned merchandise, together with their places of abode : Jesse Doolittle, Ithaca, Tompkins Co. ; C. Kellogg & Co., Kelloggsville, Cayuga Co. ; D. O. Kellogg & Co., Owasco, Cayuga Co. ; Charles Kellogg, Sempronius, Cayuga Co. ; Elisha Wells, Utica, Oneida Co. , J. & E. Congdon, Rochester, Monroe Co. ; W. & E. L. Haskins Seneca Falls, Seneca Co. ; David Batty, Hamburgh, Erie 134 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Co. ; Gideon Ramsdall, Farmington, Ontario Co. ; Hiram Pierce, Hammond, St. Lawrence Co. ; A. Rowley & Co., Governeur, St. Lawrence Co. ; John Loop, Edwards, St Lawrence Co. The three last mentioned houses take their goods on the canal to Rochester, and thence down Lake Ontario. " The above list, though containing but a small portion of the customers of this city at the west, will serve to convey some idea of the trade with Troy established in that quarter of the State, before the construction of the canal ; and now that noble highway is open- ed, leading by our doors, from the great western interior, may not our merchants reasonably expect to extend their business connec- tions in that region ? " Thus, while the pomp was at Albany — while exulting multitudes crowded her streets and squares, and that ancient city was honored by a numerous train of ardent promoters of the best interests of the country, convened to mingle congratulations with her own public spirited and enlightened citizens, upon one of the most momentous occasions in the annals of time, — Troy also was not without her gratification; she too received a portion of the abundant blessing, and was thankful." 1 The side-cut opposite to Troy was completed on Saturday, Nov. 15th. In the afternoon the locks were in readiness, the water was let in, and the packet-boat Superior, with a party of Trojans on board, passed through and crossed over to the city. Two freight- boats also, which had been waiting a few days for the cut to be opened, came through, one laden with staves and the other with wheat, and crossed over to unload their cargoes at the wharves of Troy. This bold undertaking of the people of Troy in despatching the first boat westward in the Erie Canal, and not participating in the general celebration at Albany, was sharply criticised by the press of Lansingburgh and Albany. However, the more liberal opinion of the National Democrat was thus expressed by its editor : " The enterprise of the Trojans is worthy of all imitation. "We believe that without exception they are the most enterprising people in the United States. There is among them a noble spirit of rival- ship, untinctured by jealousy of each other. No man appears to envy, but every man to emulate the genius, talent and industry of his neighbor. They are determined, if they do fall in the scales of 1 The Troy Sentinel, October 10, 1823. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. I 35 commercial, manufacturing and mechanical competition, that they will fall honorably in a firm and persevering struggle for pre-emi- nence. May they never fall, but may they continue to rise ; and may all their sister cities pursue the same generous career, and rise by the same honorable and noble spirit of ambition." Apollo Lodge of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, which had for a number of years a lodge room in the tavern of Z. Curtis, where now the American House is situated, on the seventh day of February, 1824, dedicated a new assembly room in the Troy House. The Troy Sentinel of February 10th, thus refers to the ceremonies : " The beautiful new Flail erected in the Troy House by the mem- bers of the Apollo Lodge and the Apollo Chapter, was dedicated on Saturday evening, by the name of St. John's Hall, by the M. W. Joseph Enos, G. M. ; R. W. John Brush, D. G. M., and the officers of the R. W. Grand Lodge. The ceremony of dedication was per- formed in a very impressive manner. A prayer and exhortation were made by the M. W. Rev. brother Lacy, which added greatly to the solemnity of the service. The assemblage of members of the fraternity was numerous, and after the ceremonies were conclud- ed, they partook of an elegant supper prepared by Mr. Titus." Early in the summer of 1S24, the Troy & Boston Stage Line was established by John Barney and Arthur Milliken, of Troy , Josiah Richmond, of Floosick; Sylvester and Ware, of Williamstown ; Samuel Bowen, of Adams; Chester Mitchell and David Stowell, Jr., of Cummington; D. W. Graves, of Goshen, and Joshua Curtis, of Northampton. The route was viaLansingburgh, Pittstown, Hoosick Four Corners, Williamstown, Adams, Cummington to Northampton, and there to connect with the line by Amherst College and Barre, to Boston. The stage left Troy every Tuesday, Thursday and Satur- day, at nine o'clock, and the fare to Northampton from Troy was four dollars, and to Boston, seven dollars and fifty cents. "The ad- vantages to travellers, through this route, particularly those going from the eastward to the westward, or to the Springs, will be manifest by simply stating that a stage leaves Troy for Schenectady at three o'clock p. m. on the same days that the stages of the above line ar- rive at Troy from Williamstown, and that the regular line of packet boats on the Erie canal runs directly from Schenectady to Lockport, within thirty miles of Buffalo. A regular line of stages also runs every day from Schenectady to Buffalo, through Utica. There will I36 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. also be a daily communication, by extra stages, from Troy to Balls- ton and Saratoga Springs, during the summer season." This line of stages had its office at the Bull's Head Tavern, kept by Elias Lasell, corner of River and Second streets. The first town clock put up in Troy was one placed in the tower of the old Baptist church steeple on Third street, in 1824. It had three dials, one facing the west, and the others north and south. It was built by Stephen Hasham, of Charlestown, New Hampshire. The city agreed to pay for the clock if the Trustees of the Baptist Society would let it remain in the tower of the church and have it wound up free of any expense to the city. The clock cost five hun- dred and fifty dollars, for which the city made appropriations. The newspapers this year advocated the lighting of the streets with lamps, and suggested the need of door numbers and the placing of boards with the names of intersecting streets lettered upon them, at the different corners in the city. The most memorable event in the history of the Troy was the visit of General La Fayette to the city, in the autumn of 1824. "At a meeting of the Common Council, August 10th, 1824, it was resolved, that the Mayor, Hon. Esaias Warren, be requested to ten- der General La Fayette, the congratulations of the inhabitants of Troy, upon his arrival in this country, once so successfully defended by his sword, and request him, by a visit to this city, to afford them an opportunity of giving him personal assurance of their high esti- mation of his public and private virtues." The following committee of arrangements was designated by the Common Council, for the reception of General La Fayette : Albert Pawling, Derick Lane, Ephraim Morgan, Benjamin Smith, Stephen Warren, Gurdon Corning, James Mallory, George Tibbits, John D. Dickinson, Joseph Russell and John P. Cushman. The grand reception given La Fayette on Saturday, the eighteenth day of September, 1824, is thus described in the columns of The Troy Sentinel of September 21st: "Reception of La Fayette in Troy. — On Saturday last, Troy had the happiness to receive La Fayette. The day was uncommonly serene, and the ceremonies were appropriate and interesting. In- deed, considering the uncertainty that existed until Friday, concern- ing the time of the General's arrival and stay among us, the committee are entitled to very emphatic praise fcr the ample charac- HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 137 ter and good taste of their arrangements ; and we are sure our citizens universally accord with us in this opinion. "The General accompanied by his suite, the Governor of the State of New York and his suite, and the Mayor and Corporation of the city of Albany, came up from Albany on the canal, in the packet- boat Schenectady. He was expected as early as ten o'clock, but it had been found impossible by the Albany committee, with their most active exertions to expedite his departure from their city sufficiently early for that purpose At half-past one, however, the cannon at the U. S. Arsenal in Gibbonsville, announced his approach, in a na- tional salute, and at two o'clock, he reached the side-cut. There he was met by a deputation from the Troy Committee of Arrange- ments, and the packet-boat Schenectady, with all on board, was taken down through the locks into the river. Near the mouth of the side-cut, eight boats were waiting to tow the Schenectady across to the city. This part of the spectacle was strikingly beautiful. The boats were each fitted with a mast on which was hoisted the national flag; each was furnished with four strong oarsmen, and in the stern of each, to guide the movement, sat the master of the sloop to which the boat belonged. The names of the sloop masters who manifested their public spirit on the occasion, (and we believe they included all belonging to the city who were not absent,) were Captains Fraser, Hawkins, Smalley, Coffin, Dale, Burdick, Rowland and Comstock. We would give the names of the rowers if we had been able to pro- cure them ; for the alacrity with which they rendered their services and the manner in which they executed their task, was worthy of all praise. The boats being arranged in line, and connected by haw- sers, took the Schenectady in tow, and pulling out into the river far enough to clear the point of the shoal that stretches along the south side of the channel leading from the lock, they turned with a grace- ful sweep down the river, and gave to view the beautiful line in its whole length. Upon arriving opposite to the upper ferry, they again turned, and stood right across to the city. A fine band of music from Albany was stationed on the Schenectady, and the oars were pulled to martial and patriotic airs There was perfect silence in the boats, their course being directed by signal from the sloop-mas- ter in the hindmost; and as the striped and starred banner floated out upon the fresh breeze, and the tough oars bent to the sinewy arms that swept them in even cadence, the spectacle was strikingly beautiful. After the General, with his retinue, had passed the U. 18 138 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. S Arsenal, on his way to the side-cut, five beautiful uniform com- panies from Albany, who had escorted him from that city, crossing at the ferry, united with the military of Troy, and the whole were paraded in Ferry street, to wait his landing When he landed, he was received by the Committee of Arrangements, and the Hon. George Tibbits, in the name of the committee, and in behalf of the citizens, made him the following appropriate address: "General La Fayette — The citizens Qf Troy, by their commit- tee, bid you a most cordial welcome. Your unremitted devotion to the cause of civil and religious freedom, has rendered your name illustrious wherever liberty and the rights of man are respected. The emancipation of this country from a state of colonial dependence, was an effort worthy of the patriots by whose counsels and arms it was effected, and among them your name stands conspicuous. The labors, the privations, the sacrifices of those worthies, and more especially your own disinterested efforts, are remembered by the peo- ple of these States with a deep sense of gratitude, increasing as the precepts and measures of the patriots of the revolution have been tested, and their principles practically developed in the progressive and unexampled prosperity of the country. "Long, very long, may your health and life be continued to wit- ness the fruits of the labors in which you so largely participated. You will behold these fruits in the forms of our governments, insur- ing freedom with order, in our systems of jurisprudence, securing public peace with private rights, in our seminaries of learning, where to every individual, rich or poor, the benefits of education are ex- tended, in our different but harmonious modes of divine worship; in the conversion of an immense wilderness into fruitful fields; in the rise, increase and accumulated number of our cities, towns and villages; in the establishment of manufactories; in the internal and external commerce of the country; in fine, you will behold the re- sults of the labors and principles of the patriots of the revolution, identified with the institutions of an enterprising, industrious and re- ligious people, contented with their lot, submissive to the laws, at peace at home and with all the world; and ascribing their numerous blessings primarily, under Providence, to the patriot heroes with whom you acted so distinguished a part, and with whose services your own will be held in unfailing remembrance. "Be assured, sir, that after a lapse of more than forty years, your devoted efforts in our struggle for independence, applied at times HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 139 most critical, in manner most efficient, have not been forgotten, and that the citizens of Troy unanimously greet you with their most cor- dial welcome. "To this address General La Fayette replied in substance as fol- lows: That he very highly appreciated the friendly sentiments ex- pressed towards him by the people of Troy. That it gave him the most sincere gratification to find the country in the harmonious, peaceful, happy and flourishing condition, in which he found it , that improvements had been made every where to an extent far exceed- ing his expectation. The contrast in that respect between the pres- ent time and forty years past, when he left the country, was astonishingly great, and in no place greater than at Troy, where when he last saw it, there was but one small house, but where he now saw a beautiful city, and a numerous and flourishing population. "At this point the procession formed in the following order: Mar- shal and Assistants; Military Escort, Citizens, four abreast, Military officers in uniform, four abreast, Masonic Brethren; Clergy; Com- mittee of Arrangements; General La Fayette's Carriage, Carriages containing his Suite. "A train of other carriages followed, and the procession moved up Ferry street, then up First street, then up Congress street, then up Second street, then up Albany street, then up Third street, then down River street to the Troy House. "The General, accompanied by Colonel Lane, of this city, who was of the Jersey line during the revolutionary war, rode in a superb barouche, drawn by a pair of beautiful brown horses. The Gener- al's suite occupied the two next carriages, and among them were his son, George Washington La Fayette, M. Vasseur, his Secretary, and Colonel Huger, the chivalrous friend who aided in the attempt to rescue him from the dungeons of Olmutz. As he passed through the streets, they were filled with admiring and grateful throngs, press- ing along to catch another and another look at the illustrious visitor, their country's benefactor. The front of every house was filled with suectators, in all its stories, and " You would have thought the very windows spake, So many greedy looks of young and old, Through casements darted their desiring eyes Upon his visage. "When the head of the procession arrived at the Troy House, it halted, and the General moved forward between the opened ranks I40 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. of the military, to the front of the building, where he alighted and was conducted into the front parlor, which was tastefully decorated for the occasion. Here he was addressed by the Recorder in the following manner, in the name of the Corporation, the Mayor being out of town : "General La Fayette — In behalf of the inhabitants of Troy, I greet your happy arrival, I bid you welcome to this land of your adoption — to the scenes of your early glory. The universal enthusi- asm with which you have been received by all classes of our citizens, has already convinced you, that the people of America cherish the most lively gratitude for you, their National Benefactor. The im- portant services which you have rendered our country have been without precedent and will remain without parallel. In the most gloomy period of our Revolution — in times of the greatest peril and danger — when all but the stoutest hearts were appalled by the pros- pect before them, you came among us a volunteer, from a foreign land. Your presence inspired our councils with new hopes, and our armies with fresh courage. Though destitute of almost all the means of defense, you found abundant resources in the unconquerable reso- lution of our people. Your congenial spirit associated you with the heroes of our country — with them you fought, and with them you conquered. " You now find us a nation arrived at vigorous manhood — con- scious of our strength, and animated by the same principles of free- dom — bidding defiance to embattled nations, and ready to render that aid to others, which we then so much needed ourselves. "The Tree of Liberty which you assisted in planting has taken deep root, and has shot forth vigorous branches. The enemies of free government behold its fair fruit, and sicken at the sight ; with instinctive horror they dread the 'contagion' of this bright 'example.' "But how gratifying to your benevolent mind is the reflection that you have not lived in vain; that you have eminently contributed to that happiness and prosperity, which you every where witness in our country. The city which we inhabit, may justly claim you as a founder. It has not been built upon the ruin of others, to gratify the capricious vanity of a proud monarch, who more often places his glory in the demolition of cities and the destruction of men. It has risen and flourished with the prosperity of our country ; it is the genuine offspring of that freedom, which you fought and bled to establish. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 141 "Americans consider you as part of themselves. The old men greet you as a brother; the young men respect you as a father The fame and the glory of La Fayette we regard as the fame and the glory of America. We are happy that the reputation of our country has been maintained, and that the integrity of our country's friend has never been sullied; that under every vicissitude, you have been true to the principles of freedom; that under every form of oppression you have been " The foe of tyrants and the friend of man." "Hoping for the more general diffusion of the principles of liberty, and wishing you personally all possible felicity, permit me once more to bid you welcome to this land of happiness and freedom. "To this very neat address, the General replied in substance as follows : " I am sensibly affected by the honors conferred upon me by the American people. The kindness with which they have received my conduct, has magnified my merit. America may justly be proud of her Revolutionary heroes and sages, it is my greatest glory to have been associated with them in their dangers. I join with you in the hope that the blessings of freedom will be more generally diffused, and that the bright example of America will not be lost to the na- tions of the earth. This city is a happy illustration of the blessings of liberty secured to you by your excellent constitution. When I was formerly in this country, there was but one house on the spot where now stands this splendid city. "After a few moments passed in this room, the General was con- ducted up stairs and out upon an open balcony on a level with the second floor, where he had full view of the crowd, and at the same time gave the eager multitudes a favorable opportunity to see him — to trace his lineaments, and feast their eyes on his beaming and be- nignant face. "This balcony was very tastefully fitted out. It was of a strong frame work, up the front and at the corners of which, rose four young pines with their branches woven across, and sustaining an arch, on which was inscribed this motto: "Welcome La Fayette: The Friend of Washington, The Friend of America, The Friend of Liberty "On a perch, stationed directly over the crown of the arch, stood a living eagle, in the strength of his beak and the pride of his eye. His restless action, as he was excited by the crowd, was strikingly 142 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. majestic; and ever and anon, as he was startled by the shifting scene, he would open his strong pinions as if for flight. The General was particularly pleased with his appearance, and the happy thought of placing him there, and expressed his gratification in very warm terms. "After remaining a short time on the balcony, a deputation from the Chapter of Royal Arch Masons in this city, who have a splendid hall in the upper story of the Troy House, waited on him with an invitation to honor them with his presence. He accepted the invi- tation, and having been admitted, his Honor Judge Buel, one of the Companions, addressed him. As the address was extemporaneous, the author has kindly furnished the following as the substance of what was said: " Illustrious Companion — In behalf of the Chapter of Ancient Royal Arch Masons, I hail you as a welcome guest Having from our days of childhood learned to associate the name of La Fayette with that of Washington and the Independence of our country, we delight to mingle in those expressions of gratitude and joy which have burst forth from the hearts of ten millions of freemen upon your arrival in the land of your adoption, — and we feel much hon- ored that you afford us this opportunity of saluting you as a Com- panion and Brother, in this place consecrated to benevolence and the social virtues Long may you live to enjoy the gratitude of a nation indebted for its independence and prosperity to your patri- otic exertions — and to assert, as you always have done, the princi- ples of liberty without fear and without reproach. And when you shall have finished the work allotted to you on earth by the Great Architect of the universe, may you be received as a Companion in that celestial Arch to which all worthy Masons hope to be exalted. "General La Fayette, in reply, remarked that it was a very agree- able circumstance of his visit to have received the higher degrees of Masonry in America. That he had always respected the institu- tion and felt much gratified by this interview with his brethren. "After coming from the ceremonies of the Chapter, he sat down, with a numerous company, to a superb cold collation The table was excellently spread, and Mr. Titus exhibited his usual good taste and judgment in the selection and arrangement of the dishes. As soon as the company had partaken of the collation, the General proceeded to the Troy Female Seminary, where the ladies of Troy had assembled to greet him, and pay him their portion of the com- mon gratitude. The enterprise of the ladies had procured the HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 143 frame work of an arbor to be constructed, reaching from the street across the small park to the front of the Seminary building, and with their own hands they had covered it with evergreens and deck- ed it with flowers. On an arch at the entrance was the motto : "America Commands Her Daughters to Welcome Her Deliverer, La Fayette." The ladies were drawn up in ranks on each side of the arbor, and as the General entered it, he was met by a commit- tee of nine ladies, with Mrs. Albert Pawling at their head. The General was introduced to the committee by Col. Lane, and was then addressed in the following very neat and appropriate manner by Mrs. Pawling : " Respected and Dear Sir — The Ladies of Troy rejoice in the opportunity of meeting the illustrious friend and early benefactor of their much loved country, and through me, tender to you, sir, their most affectionate respects and cordial welcome to this now peaceful and happy land. The Ladies are also proud in being able to present, in the pupils of the adjoining Seminary, a living testi- mony of the blessings conferred by that independence which you, sir, so essentially contributed to establish, and in which our sex en- joy a prominent share. Permit me, sir, the pleasure of introducing you to the Principal and Assistant Teachers of the Troy Female Seminary, an institution which we consider an honor to our city and and country. " In reply, the General expressed his happiness at such a cordial reception from the ladies of Troy* and was then conducted up the arbor to the front of the edifice, on the steps of which the principal of the Seminary, Mrs. Emma Willard, was waiting to receive him. The steps ascend from each side, and on their front was an arch, surrounded by evergreens and flowers, bearing this well-adapted in- scription : " We Owe Our Schools to Freedom ; Freedom to La Fayette." He was handed up the steps and introduced to Mrs. Willard by Mrs. Pawling. On the landing place he found himself under a canopy of evergreens and flowers, from the centre of which, and directly over his head, depended a beautiful wreath. Here the principal of the Seminary was standing, at the entrance of the hall, and within it her beautiful school was arrayed, with their instructress of music, prepared to perform the following fine lines, written for the occasion by Mrs. Willard herself When the General had been introduced, they were sung 144 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. "And art thou, then, dear Hero come, And do our eyes behold the man, Who nerved his arm and bared his b-east For us, ere yet our life began ; For us and for our native land, Thy youthful valor dared the war And now, in winter of thine age, Thou 'st come and left thy loved ones far. CHORUS. Then deep and dear thy welcome be ; Nor think thy daughters far from thee ; Columbia's daughters, lo ! we bend, And claim to call thee Father, Friend. But was 't our country's rights alone Impelled Fayette to Freedom's van? No, 'twas the love of human kind, It was the sacred cause of man — It was benevolence sublime, Like that which sways the Eternal mind ! And, benefactor of the world, He shed his blood for all mankind. CHORUS. Then deep and dear thy welcome be ; Nor think thy daughters far from thee ; Daughters of human-kind we bend, And claim to call thee Father, Friend. " The instructress of music, Miss Smith, whose voice is one of al- most unmatched sweetness and richness of tone, and who plays and sings with great expression, performed the air, accompanying her voice on the piano ; and the whole school joined in the chorus. At the close of the music, two pupils, one of them the daughter of his excellency Governor Cass, of Michigan, stepped forward, as the representatives of the youth of their own sex throughout the country, and presented him, one a copy of Mrs. Willard's " Plan of Female Education," and the other a copy of the lines just sung, beautifully printed on a sheet of embossed paper, bordered with blue. The General was then handed from the steps and down the arbor, by the Principal of the Seminary, followed by the lady com- mittee. At the entrance of the arbor next the street, the barouche was in waiting, into which he was handed by Ccl. Lane, when the escort took him again, and conducted him down to the ferry, on his return to Albany On his way to the ferry, the citizens, in their anxiety to speak to him and hear him speak, as well as to see him, HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 1 45 thronged around and hung upon his carriage in such clusters that it was difficult to pass along ; and indeed, the press and his own good- ness of disposition, often stopped him to shake hands with the eager population. " On one of these occasions, just at the brow of the hill in Ferry- street, near Babcock's, a very interesting incident occurred. A very- decent, respectable looking mechanic, whose name Ave are unable to state, pressed up to the carriage, bearing in his arms above the heads of the crowd his little boy, a child about three years old, which he presented to La Fayette, and begged his blessing, saying that he himself was the son of a man who had served under the General two campaigns during the war of the Revolution. The blessing was of course granted, and was accompanied with the expression of much gratification at finding so respectable a citizen in the son of one of his old fellow-soldiers. When he embarked on board the ferry boat, to re-cross the river, his departure was cheered by the presence and the shout of the whole multitude, and by the presence of a long array of our fair countrywomen, waving their hands and handker- chiefs. " The General saw several individuals who had served with him in the Revolution, and some who had shared with him the dangers and the glory of the same field. Col. Lane, for instance, had been with him in the battles of Monmouth, Brandywine, and Yorktown. "But although the whole scene was interesting, yet no part of it was in our view so peculiarly striking and significant, as the recep- tion at the Female Seminary ; and we understand that La Fayette himself observed that nothing had affected him more since his arri- val in the country, than the verses and the manner of their per- formance. The reference in the chorus to his own daughters, left behind him in a distant country, and the affectionate urging of their own claim to call him 'father, friend,' were deeply pathetic, and as the maiden pupils, in the flower of their youth, and the ardent sin- cerity of their sex, bent together in confirmation of their vow of filial reverence, tears filled their eyes as well as his, and bore witness to the power of the scene. Before leaving his position, he requested several copies of the lines to send home to his daughters. It was only till two days before the arrival of the nation's guest in Troy, that the ladies adopted the design, which they so happily executed. There was such a speaking propriety — such a beautiful fitness, in it, that there is no one who feels a just pride in the reputation of his 19 I46 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. own city, or entertains any adequate conceptions of the nature of the occasion, but must congratulate himself and his neighbors at the result. "Though our free institutions have been fruitful of blessings to all — to both sexes and to every condition — yet there is no portion of society that owes them and their founders such emphatic grati- tude as woman in her collective capacity ; for the principles of a rational, tempered and honorable equality, on which those institu- tions are based, have, in their practical operation, done more to pro- mote her true interest and augment her real dignity, than human institutions had ever done before. There was, moreover, no place where the women of this rising city could assemble so conveniently, or with so much feminine propriety, to pay their respects and show their grateful sense of the merits of a national benefactor, as under the very walls of an institution reared for the especial benefit of their sex, which stands a noble monument of the intellectual power and force of character of her who, in spite of so many obstacles, has raised it to its present respectable condition, and which will be the pride or shame of Troy, just in proportion as it is fostered or neglected. The General, we understand, left Albany on Saturday night about eleven o'clock, and proceeded in the James Kent down the Hudson to Mrs. Montgomery's, where he was to dine on Sun- day." C* f & CHAPTER VII. From the Establishment of the Rensselaer School to the Great Land- slide. 1824 to 1837. The establishment of the Rensselaer School (Rensselaer Poly- technic Institute), on the fifth clay of November, 1824, by Stephen Van Rensselaer, was due to the exertions of Professor Amos Eaton. Appreciating the innumerable benefits to be derived from a proper course of instruction in the natural and exact sci- ences, he entered into the project with an enthusiasm which soon attracted the attention of the citizens of Troy to the importance of such a college of learning and the generous endowment of its dis- tinguished founder. Rev. Samuel Blatchford was chosen its first President ; Orville L. Holley, First Vice President ; T. Romeyn Beck, Second Vice President ; Dr. Moses Hale, Secretary ; and Hanford N. Lockwood, Treasurer. The Board of Trustees com- prised the following persons : Rev. Samuel Blatchford, Elias Parme- lee, John Cramer, Guert Van Schoonhoven, Simeon De Witt, T. Romeyn Beck, John D. Dickinson and Jedediah Tracy. The purposes of the School, and the course of study to be pur- sued, were set forth in an article contributed by the President to the columns of the Troy Sentinel, Dec. 28, 1824 : " The Hon. Stephen Van Rensselaer having established a school near the northern limits of Troy, for teaching the physical sciences, with their application to the arts of life ; having appointed profes- sors A. Eaton and L. C. Beck to give courses of instruction partic- ularly calculated to prepare operative chemists and practical natur- alists, properly qualified to act as teachers in villages and school districts ; having appointed an agent and furnished him with funds for procuring apparatus and fitting up a laboratory, library room, &c, &:c. ; and the agent having given notice to the president of the institution that the requisite collections and preparations are com- pleted, it seems proper to give public notice of these circumstances. Accordingly the public is respectfully notified that everything is in readiness at the Rensselaer School for giving instructions in Chem- istry, Experimental Philosophy and Natural History, with their ap- I48 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. plication to agriculture, domestic economy, and the arts; and also for teaching Land Surveying, and all the branches of learning set forth in the circular which was issued in November last, subscribed by the founder, and by the President and Secretary of the Board of Trustees. " The first term will commence, according to the appointment of the founder, on the first Monday in January, 1825, and continue fifteen weeks , but because the delay in preparation has very much shortened the time for giving proper notice, the course of instruc- tion will be re-commenced in the latter part of January, and all pre- vious exercises repeated, at stated hours, for the benefit of those who may not have been able to enter the school at the beginning of the term. "An evening course of lectures by the Senior Professor, on chem- istry and experimental philosophy, will commence on the third Wed- nesday in January, and continue, three lectures in a week, for ten weeks. " During the day no lectures will be given by the professors, but, under their superintendence, the students, divided into sections, will perform all the experiments and give the explanations — the stu- dents thus acting as lecturers and the professors as auditors. The examination at the end of each term, for certificates or diplomas, will be conducted on the same plan. " The fees for the day course of instruction will be $25 a term ; for the evening course, $5 ; but the regularly matriculated students of the institution can attend the evening course without any addi- tional expense. " Samuel Blatchford, Preset Trustees. "Rensselaer School, Troy, Dec. 28, 1S24. " N. B. — Students who wish for extra accommodations will pay from $1.75 to $2 a week for board and lodging. But any number of students can have good plain board and lodging near the school for $1.50 a week. " For the fees a credit of one year will be allowed to any student who shall bring a letter from some responsible person, addressed to the Treasurer, Mr. H. N. Lockwood, and containing an assurance that they shall be paid at the end of the year. Messrs. Fassett & Selden, Druggists, Troy, will also furnish, for $50 each, portable suits of apparatus with chemical substances for two courses of lec- tures, for which they will give a years' credit on good security. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 1 49 These credits will afford the student time to raise money by teach- ing, to pay for his apparatus and for a valuable course of instruc- tion. " As this school is founded solely for purposes of public utility, it is hoped that editors of newspapers will give this article an inser- tion." The religious education of the students was thus provided for in the rules regarding Sunday : " When the weather is fair, and the state of the roads will permit, it will be the duty of every student to attend divine service at some of the Societies in Troy or Lansingburgh. The distance to either of the six places of public worship in Troy is about one mile and a quarter, and to those at Lansingburgh about one mile and three- quarters. When the weather is too unfavorable for attendance at church, sermons or religious lectures will be read in the lecture room at the school, forenoon and afternoon, a professor being pres- ent, by the students in turn, and such other religious exercises will be attended to as may be ordered from time to time by the Presi- dent." The building used for the purposes of the school, was the old Farmers' Bank building still standing on the north-west corner of Middleburgh and River streets. The trade of Troy was greatly benefited by the opening of the canals. An exhibit of several entries found in the Collector's office at West Troy, showed that during the months of October and November, 1824, seven hundred and twelve boats had arrived and departed from Troy. During the same period, 3,000 tons of mer- chandise were carried away by boats that took their entire loading at Troy, besides a large quantity taken by boats that were partly loaded at Albany. In this statement of the amount of merchandise, a very large amount of valuable articles in trade, such as provisions, salt, castings, and all articles of domestic manufacture, are not in- cluded. The precise quantity of these articles is not ascertained, but may be safely estimated at about 2,000 tons, making the whole quantity of goods, wares and merchandise taken from Troy, in two months, at least 5,000 tons." The amounj of articles exported from Troy by the canals, from May 4 to December 14, 1824, inclusive, was, of merchandise 9,836 tons: unenumerated articles, 1,016 tons; stone and brick, 376 tons; lumber, 30,023 feet, and lath, ^^ m. i5o HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Troy in 1824 had nine hundred and ninety-one buildings within the corporate limits. Pavements were being made along all the streets, but street lamps were not yet introduced. The cabinet of the Lyceum of Natural History contained about two thousand specimens of minerals. There were in the city, one semi-weekly and two weekly newspapers, four printing offices and five book stores. Between Albany and Troy there were four lines of daily stages, each making two trips a day. A steamboat line between Troy and New York was established in the spring of 1825. It is thus referred to in the Troy 2 ^' Sentinel of March 15th : " The new and superb steam-boat, Chief Justice Marshall, com- manded by Captain R. W. Sherman, arrived here on Saturday last (March 12th) from New York. This boat was built for the express purpose, by the Troy Steam-Boat Company, and is to ply between New York and this city. By reference to an advertisement in our paper to-day, it will be seen she is to commence immediately on her course and to run through the season; and, as soon as arrangements can be made, in connection with the steamboats Constitution and Constellation. The model of this boat is a fine specimen of naval architecture, happily combining the desirable objects of buoyancy and stability, and the workmanship is in a style of excellence rarely equalled. Her accommodations are spacious, airy and neat ; and among the various improvements is a large reading room on the upper deck, where the principal newspapers in the Union will be filed. Below is a very convenient 'washing-room,' where water is let in from the river, and bells placed leading to the barbers' and waiters' apartments. The strong net-work around the upper and lower decks is another improvement, happily suggested for the safety of the passenger. The Chief Justice Marshall is a superb vessel ; her movements are powerful and rapid, and the style and variety of her accommodations are such as will do credit to the projectors of the work. At half-past-two o'clock (Monday, March 14th) she left here on her first trip, with a respectable number of passengers." The Chief Justice Marshall had a large fly-wheel to equalize the movements of her machinery. The speed of the new boat is spoken of in terms of congratulation by the Sentinel of April 26, 1825 : " On Saturday last, the new steamboat, the Chief Justice Mar- shall, left the wharf in New York at six o'clock, p. M., and though delayed on her way up the river, by landing passengers at West HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. I 5 I Point, Newburgh, Poughkeepsie, Rhinebcck, Red Hook, Catskill, Hudson, Coxsackie, Kinderhook and Coeymans, yet she reached Albany the next morning at thirty-nine minutes past eight o'clock. She left New York one hour later than the James Kent, and arrived at Albany only seventeen minutes behind her, and performing her passage in fourteen hours and thirty-nine minutes. This was, by a few minutes, the quickest passage from New York to Albany that has yet been made." The steamboat New London, Captain Fitch, on Friday, Aug. 19th, left New York, making a daily line with the Chief Justice Marshall, between New York and Troy. This boat had a fore mast, and with the Chief Justice Marshall, landed pas- sengers and freight at the dock at the foot of Ferry street. Under a heading of " Quick travelling," the editor of the Senti- nel thus speaks of the time of transit between Troy and Philadel- phia : "We perceive by the New York papers that the route from Phila- delphia to this city may be travelled in a little less than twenty-nine hours — the distance is 246 miles. The Citizens' Coach leaves Phil- adelphia at six o'clock in the morning, arrives in New York in the afternoon of the same day, in time for travellers to embark on board the steamboat at 5 o'clock, and reach Troy next morning." General La Fayette made a second visit to Troy on Friday, the first day of July, 1825. The second coming to Troy of the Mar- quis is thus related : " On Thursday evening an express who was on his way to Albany, brought news that the General would reach Waterford that night. A message was accordingly sent to Waterford by our Mayor, to convey an invitation to the ' Guest of the Nation ' to take breakfast in Troy on Friday morning. The invitation was accepted, and at about 8 o'clock the municipal committee, with a large number of citizens in coaches and on horseback, escorted by the officers of our city militia, mounted and in uniform, set out to meet ' the desired of all eyes ' and wait on him into the city. The committee, with the procession, received him, after he had partaken of the civilities of Lansingburgh, and escorted him to the Troy House, where he was met by the Mayor and Common Council, and a large number of cit- izens, anxious to look again at the form and face of one so honored and so endeared to the American people. Soon after his arrival he sat down to an excellent breakfast. The table was beautifully set out with substantial viands, with the finest ripe fruit, cherries and I52 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. berries, and decked with fresh blown roses, exhaling their fragrance and glittering with dew. Breakfast being over, he called on the family of John D. Dickinson, Esq., and after receiving the polite at- tention of that hospitable mansion, he visited the Troy Female Sem- inary. He was received with great propriety by the respectable lady principal of that valuable institution, and after gratifying the amiable members of the school with another sight of the friend of their country, he returned to the Troy House, where a delegation from Albany met him, and took him into their carriage as he bid farewell to Troy." The remarkable size of the fish in the river in front of the city was shown in a draught of a seine near the dam, on the second of July, in which twenty-nine striped bass were taken, weighing two hundred and forty-five pounds. Two of them aggregated fifty-two pounds. The year 1825 was made memorable by the completion of the canals. The period between the commencement and completion of the Erie Canal was eight years, three months and fifteen days. The first ground was broken on the fourth of July, 181 7, near Rome, and in October, 1825, the first boat passed from Lake Erie to the Hudson. The Champlain Canal was commenced in October, 1816, and was finally completed in 1825. The annual report of the com- missioners in April, 1S26, stated the expenditures for construction, including interest upon loans, at $10,731,594.75, and the amount of debt outstanding at $7,737,770.99, payable in 1837 and 1845. The citizens of Troy celebrated this event with becoming honors. "Yesterday forenoon (Oct. 30, 1825) our city was gratified with the sight of an interesting stranger from the far west, gaily decked and displaying the signals of peace and patriotism. This stranger was no other than the well built and well furnished canal boat "The Niagara " from Clack Rock. About ten o'clock, a. m., she was seen lying in the side-cut opposite this place with her colors flying, and with General P. B Porter and a party of his friends from the west on board. As soon as our citizens were informed of the arrival of the Niagara, the Common Council, accompanied by a party of citizens, crossed the river in a brace of barges to greet the western gentlemen, to welcome this new pledge of a rapidly extend- ing commercial intercourse, and to mingle the waters of the Erie with those of the Hudson. In the meantime, a piece of artillery was planted on McCoun's wharf, and as the Niagara descended HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. I 53 through the lock, floated out upon the swelling bosom of the Hud- son, she was greeted with a salute of twenty-four guns, and the bells of the city rung forth a merry peal. The boat then crossed the river escorted by the barges, and was laid alongside of one of our wharves. By this time many more citizens had assembled, and the whole party moved up in procession to the Troy House, where the waters were again mingled, and the company again interchanged con- gratulations." The following houses were regular importers in Troy in the year 1825 : In dry goods, H. & G. Vail, and Southwick, Cannon & Warren ; in crockery and glassware, Pierce, Sackett & Co. and Russell & Hall ; in hardware, P. Heartt & Sons, Craft, Hart & Pitcher, and Nazro & Curtis ; in iron wares, T. McCoun & Co. and A. & W. Kellogg & Co. The population of Troy in 1825 was 7,859, which was only thirty- seven short of fifty per cent, increase in five years. The whole number of females in the city exceeded that of the males by twenty- three persons. " This is evidence of a good state of morals and manners, and proves that the duties and burdens of life are very fairly divided between the sexes, and that they are mutual helpers." The number of paupers was decimated to twenty-eight, and only two hundred and ninety-three persons of color were among the in- habitants. Among the manufactories were six grist mills, three saw mills, one oil mill, one fulling mill, one cotton factory, one distillery. The quantity of wheat annually manufactured into flour was 325,- 000 bushels, with a capacity for 500,000 bushels. The three iron and nail factories produced 700 tons of nails, and 500 tons of band and hoop iron and nail rods. One shovel and spade factory, man- ufactured 500 dozen shovels and spades annually. Two air furnaces made from 500 to 600 tons of pig iron, which was converted into ploughs, potash kettles, caldrons, small ware and machinery. One machine shop manufactured machinery and steam engines. Three breweries made about 8,000 barrels of ale, much of which was sent abroad under the name of M Troy Ale," and which secured a high reputation. The four tanneries produced $160,000 worth of excel- lent leather. Two shoe factories made $25,000 worth of shoes for the trade, and for the United States army. There were also in the city, one paper mill, one rope walk, three carriage factories, several large coopering establishments, two bleaching and calendering houses, one gun, and two chair factories. 154 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. The first steam engine made in Troy was one manufactured by John C. Langdon & Co., in 1825. It was constructed for the steam- boat General Greene, which was to ply on Lake Champlain. Two others were in process of construction at the same time, one for Buffalo and one for Black Rock. Starbuck & Gurley executed the castings at their air furnace. The number of sloops owned in Troy were sixty-six, with an ag- gregate tonnage of 4,489 tons. The value of commodities shipped from Troy in 1825 amounted to $2,500,000. In 1826 the profess- ional men were divided among the three professions as follcws : five clergymen, twelve physicians, and thirty-one lawyers. The growth of the city, and the increased number of inhabitants, suggested to a number of Presbyterians residing in the vicinity of Grand Division street, the propriety of organizing a second Presby- terian Church, and of erecting an edifice in that locality. The pro- ject met with much favor, and ground was secured on the south- east corner of Sixth and Grand Division streets. "On Wednesday, July 12, 1826, the corner-stone of the Second Presbyterian Church in this city, was laid in the presence of a large concourse of people. The Trustees of the First Presbyte- rian Church were received by those of the Second at the house of Gideon Buckingham, and from thence the Rev. Clergy and the Trustees of the two societies proceeded to the corner of Sixth and Grand Division streets, the site selected for the new church, where the ceremonies were to be performed. The exercises were commenced by prayer from Rev. Ebenezer Cheever. A box of cast iron was then placed in a niche which had been prepared for it in the corner-stone. On the bottom of the box were the names of its makers, Starbuck & Gurley, iron founders. The cover was of bell metal cast by Mr. J. Hanks, and having the inscription : 'Julius Hanks, July 12th, 1826.' In the box was deposited a cop- per plate with the following inscription : ' The corner-stone of the Second Presbyterian Church was laid July 12, 1826. Trustees, Jeremiah Dauchy, Stephen Eldridge, William D. Haight, Robert D. Silliman, Uriah Wallace, Gideon Buckingham. Nehemiah Brown, mason ; John Ayres, carpenter.' In the box were also deposited one number of each of the several papers published in this city, and the different denominations of American silver and copper coin. After the box had been deposited and the corner-stone fixed in its place, the Rev. N. S. S. Beman delivered an appropriate address, HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. I 55 and the exercises closed with a prayer from Rev. Mr. Bascom, of South Carolina." 1 In November, 1826, the Common Council passed a resolution for lighting River street from the lower ferry to Hoosick street. This year the Baptist church was enlarged. A comfortable parsonage had been added to the church property in 1824. An Apprentices' Library was established in the spring of 1827, with about three hundred books. James A. Zander was ap- pointed librarian. The annual fee for membership was two dollars for journeymen and fifty cents for apprentices. The congregation of St. Paul's Church, which had worshiped in the old building erected in 1804 at the north-west corner of Third and Congress streets, in 1826 determined to purchase several lots on the north-east corner of State and Third streets, and to erect thereon a larger structure. The corner-stone of the new building was laid on the twenty-sixth day of April, 1SC7. "At four o'clock in the afternoon, the Rector, Wardens and Vestrymen of the con- gregation of St. Paul's Church, went in procession from the old church, attended by the clergy of the city and a large concourse of people. In the cavity of the corner-stone, made for the purpose, a glass vase was deposited with the following contents : the Holy Bible and Book of Common Prayer, enclosed in leather and covered with wax ; a manuscript history of the origin and progress of the Episcopal Church in this city ; a list of the houses of worship now in Troy, and a list of the clergymen ; a roll with the following Latin inscription: ' In hac urbe i6mo Jan., A. D. 1804, Societas Christ- iana, auctoritate Episcopalis Ecclesias Protestantium in Feoderatis civitatibus Americas Septentrionalis, appellata Ecclesia Santi Pauli, Trojas, prima est constituta. Suum templum, eodem anno sedificatum refectum est, A. D. 1819,'ac amplius construction, A. D. 1827, 24- mo Apr. Rev. David Butler, Rectore, necnon Valde Rev. Johanne Henrico Hobart, Episcopo, hoc novum templum, auspiciis beatis, conditum est ' ; a copy of Sword's Pocket Almanac, Christian Cal- endar and Ecclesiastical Register for 1827; a copy of Tuttle & Richards' City Calendar for the years 1826 and 1827 ; the last num- ber of each of the five papers published in the city ; one number of several other periodical journals; a New York Price Current; a printed address to parents on the subject of Sunday Schools ; a printed circular *o the members of the Episcopal Church in the 1 Troy Sentinel, July 14, 182C. I56 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. United States ; and a silver plate on which was engraved the follow- ing inscription : ' This corner-stone of Saint Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church of the city of Troy, was laid on the 24th day of April, Anno Domini 1827, and the 51st year of the Independence of the United States of America, by the Rev. David Butler, Rector of the Church ; Nathan Bouton and Esaias Warren, Wardens ; George Tibbits, Nathan Warren, William Bradley, Nathan Dauchy, Francis Yvonett, Elias Pattison, James Van Brakle and David Buel, Jr., Vestrymen. The Rt. Rev. John H. Hobart, Bishop of the Prot- estant Episcopal Church of the Diocese of the State of New York, Nathan Bouton, Nathan Dauchy, Lewis Richards, Jacob Bishop, Nathan Warren, Building Committee ; Master Builders — Peter Stew- art, James McFarlan, masons ; Farquhar McRae, John Corey, car- penters. John Quincy Adams, President of the United States of America.' After the corner-stone had been fixed in its place, the Rev. David Butler, Rector of the Church, delivered an appropriate and very impressive address, and the exercises closed with a devout prayer to Almighty God, supplicating his blessing on the work upon which they had entered. The church is to be built one hundred and three feet in length, and seventy feet in width. It is lO be built of Amsterdam stone, in the pure Gothic style, and its estimated cost is $3i,ooo." 1 Henry Erben was the builder of the organ, which had eighteen stops and eight hundred and sixty-five pipes. The new church of Saint Paul's was consecrated on Saturday, August 16, 1828, by the Right Rev. Bishop Hobart. A large con- gregation of people assembled to witness the ceremonies. The rite of confirmation was administered to forty persons. On the 18th of August, 1828, one hundred pews in the new edifice were sold for $38,000. In the fall and winter of 1826-27, Rev. Charles G. Finney assist- ed Rev. Nathan S. S. Beman, the pastor of the First Presbyterian congregation, in a series of revival meetings held in that church. During the progress of these meetings, exceptions were taken from time to time by a number of the members to certain expressions in the prayers offered by those leading in these assemblies, and also to some of the pulpit utterances of Dr. Beman. Considerable feeling was manifested by the several parties, which in a short time grew into a public rupture of that denominational body. Many of the disaffected withdrew their names from the roll of membership and Troy Sentinel, May i, 1827. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. I 57 connected themselves with other churches. This disturbed condi- tion of the Church, in the progress of time, was followed by many blessings, which attended the earnest and diligent labors of its able pastor, Dr. Beman. The Roman Catholics in the city of Troy and vicinity had been accustomed previous to the year 1827, to worship and to attend the celebration of Mass in the old Court House on Second street. The congregation thus" assembling was known at the time as the members of St. Peter's Church of Troy, which had been organized under that name in 1824, in a school-house on Ferry street. The demoli- tion of the county buildings in 1827, suggested the erection of a better and a more fitting edifice for public worship, and on the nine- teenth of February, 1827, an incorporation was effected by the elec- tion of nine Trustees in the Court House. These were Keating Rawson, Patrick Irwin, Edward Lawlor, Patrick Mooney, Patrick Cole, George Donleavey, Philip Quinn, Michael Egan and James Cantwell. Rev. Father McGilligan was the first officiating priest. A frame building was erected on the north-east corner of North Second and Hutton streets, which, in 1829, was dedicated by the Right Rev. John Dubois, Bishop of New York, assisted by Rev. John Shanahan and other priests from New York city. This wooden edifice was destroyed by fire about noon of February 10th, 1848. The building was insured $6,o 4 oo, and the organ $1,000. On Tuesday, the nineteenth of June, 1827, the steamboat Star, built by William Annesley, which was to ply between Troy and Al- bany, was successfully launched from the Troy shipyard. A. W. Raymond was to command the new boat. John C. Langdon & Co. were the makers of the engine placed on this vessel. The Second Presbyterian church was dedicated on Wednesday, July 18, 1827. The opening prayer was made by Rev. Dr. Chester, of Albany, the dedicatory prayer by Rev. Mr. Cheever, of Water- ford, and the dedication sermon was delivered by Rev. Dr. Griffin, President of Williams College. The building had sittings for seven hundred people, with five hundred additional in the gallery. The State Street Methodist church was dedicated on the first day of December, 1827, Rev. Bishop Hedding officiating. The edifice was built of brick, and was sixty-six feet long by fifty-five wide. This year the old Court House and Jail, which had been erected in 1793-94, were taken down and the building of the present Court House was begun. The city authorities made a tax levy of $3,000 I58 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. this year, and in 1828 a second one for $4,000, and in 1829 a third" one for $3,000 for the erection of the Court House. At the close of the year 1827, the anti-masonic excitement was spreading throughout the United States, and a most bitter warfare was waged against this secret organization for almost ten years. The subject entered into the political discussions of the time, and the members of this ancient order were ostracized from society as disreputable persons. The Troy lodge was a mutual sufferer with its brethren elsewhere, and only a sufficient number to constitute a lodge could assemble annually to elect the proper officers. Among these few members were : John D. Willard, W. M.; Peter Sharp, S. W. , and Lyman Garfield, J. W. These held their offices from 1827 to 1836 in Apollo lodge. In this struggle, in the year 1834, St. John's Hall in the Troy House was abandoned, and the lodge room removed to the Mansion House, of which at that time Dr. George V. Huddlestone was the proprietor. The entertainments of traveling theatrical troupes were generally given in the large ball chambers of the different taverns of Troy. The Assembly Room at the Rensselaer House (for- merly Bull's Head Tavern) corner of River and Second streets, was often designated " The Troy Theater," by itinerant actors. The bills of entertainment were principally made up of tragedy, such as the well-known play of "Douglass, or the noble Shepherd." Tickets were nominally fifty cents. In traveling menageries, in- stead of single animals as in the early part of the century, a larger number made up an exhibition. "A grand exhibition of living ani- mals" at Water's Hotel, 59 Second street, in 1828, included "a sea dog, a crocodile, a Spanish lynx, a young cub, an alligator, a black coati, and a serpent." The exhibition was "accompanied with good music on an Italian Cymbal and other instruments." The admittance was is. 6d. ; and children at half price. Here was also exhibited the elephant " Columbus," the largest animal of its kind known to showmen in the United States. Calvin Edson, the great living skeleton, was also an attraction at this well-known hotel. The Troy Museum on the north-east corner of State and River streets, was about this time established, and at the time was quite famous for its curiosities and other attractive features. An ad- vertisement most respectfully informed the citizens of Troy and strangers generally, that this splendid establishment would be kept open for company every day, and brilliantly lighted in the evenings. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. I 59 Among the many curiosities which were then lately added " a fine panther, a kangaroo, a wolf, and a fine set of views," completed the list. " The Museum occupied two rooms, one over the other. In the lower one are about 250 birds of various species, and about 50 animals. In the same room is a case containing more than 700 insects, a case of specimens for illustrations in mineralogy and geology, comprising 600 pieces ; a case of petrifactions, coralines, and other zoophytes about 200. Also two cases of shells about 600 specimens, and a case of about 100 reptiles and insects preserved in spirits ; a case of shell fish ; curious articles of dress, and im- plements of war and the chase. In the upper room there Io2Q. is a much larger collection of the implements of war of various savage tribes, of household utensils, and articles of dress. A collection of wax figures, paintings, portraits, landscapes, and pictures seen through magnifying glasses." This Museum was under the care and direction of Manager Hand. The Merchants' and Mechanics' Bank of Troy was organized, under an Act of the Legislature, passed April 29, 1829. The capi- tal stock was not to exceed $300,000, which was divided into 6,000 shares at $50 each. The commissioners to receive subscriptions were : George Vail, Jedediah Tracy, Elias Pattison, John P. Cush- man, Rufus Richards, Nathan Warren, Jonas C. Heartt and Gurdon Grant. The Bank began business in the Mansion House kept by Daniel D. Howard. George Vail was the first President, and Alan- son Douglas, Cashier. The Board of Directors were : George Vail, Jedediah Tracy, Rufus Richards, Nathan Warren, Elias Pattison, John P. Cushman, Jonas C. Heartt, Gurdon Grant, Jeremiah Chi- chester, Samuel Pitcher, Isaac McConihe, William Smith and Ste- phen W. Dana. River street was paved for the first time in 1829. Door numbers also were used as designating marks to the houses throughout the city. The first Troy Directory was issued this year by John Disturnell, who in company with his brother William, had a bookstore at No. 201, east side of River street. This store was established by them in 1822. The first publication of John Disturnell was in 1823, a pocket edition of Webster's Dictionary. This active and industri- ous publisher has compiled and issued during his busy life more than fifty volumes. He was born in Lansingburgh Oct. 26, 1801, and is now a resident of New York city. l6o HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. It was suggested in the papers this year that maple and elm trees should be planted in front of the First Presbyterian church, and in the Park in front of the Seminary building. The Troy steamboat, the Chief Justice Marshall, burst her boiler on Thursday evening, April 22, 1830, shortly after leaving New- _ burgh. Eight persons died of scalds, and five others were 1830. ... severely injured. The first daily paper published in Troy was the " Daily Troy Sen- tinel," edited by O. L. Holley, Esq., and published by Tuttle & Gregory, at No. 225 River street. The first issue was on Saturday evening, May 1, 1830. The Troy Sentinel (weekly, semi-weekly, and daily,) was one of the ablest edited papers ever issued in Troy. In matters of improvement, benevolence, morals, religion and poli- tics, it always led the people to higher planes of knowledge, influ- ence and prosperity, and never did it forsake or forget the interests of Troy and its people. In the fall of 1830 a number of individuals, desiring to organize a second Protestant Episcopal Church in Troy, first assembled for that purpose in the session-house, then on Fourth street, now where building No. 71 is situated. In this edifice, in the month of Novem- ber, the instrument of incorporation of St. John's Episcopal Church of Troy was signed. This instrument certified that pursuant to due notice, a meeting of the male members of the congregation had been held, at which two Church Wardens and eight Vestrymen had been elected, — David Buel and John Whiton being elected Church Wardens, and Darius Weed, David Buel, Jr., Lewis Rousseau, Asi. hel Gilbert, Jr., Charles S. J. Goodrich, F. N. Mann, H. Rousseau and Melzar Flagg, being elected Vestrymen. On the twenty-third of December of the same year, St. Paul's church, on the north-west corner of Congress and Third streets, was formally purchased, and this memorable edifice became the property of the congregation. In the month of May, 1831, Rev. John A. Hicks, of Easton, Pa., became the first rector of this sec- ond Episcopal Church. The Troy Water Works Company was incorporated the eighteenth of April, 1829. The Corporation consisted of Stephen Warren, Le' Grand Cannon, Philander Wells, and their associates. The capital stock was $250,000; the shares $50 each. The first survey for the purpose of securing a sufficient quantity of good water was made by William Roberts, by a resolution of the Common Council, April 22, HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. l6l 1830. The Water Works Company having obtained a charter, sur- rendered it and the accompanying powers to the Common Council of Troy by an act of Legislature sanctioning the transfer. In the spring of 1833, a reservoir was constructed on the Piscawen Kill and a dam built. The reservoir was one hundred and sixteen feet long, sixty-seven broad, and was over eight feet deep, with a capacity of 448,838 gallons of water. A second reservoir with a capacity of 115,312 gallons was connected by a gate with the first, through which the water passed through to the second one. A third reser- voir with a capacity of 321,837 gallons was constructed, which was supplied by the two former. This reservoir was covered with an arch of brick, supported by side walls resting everywhere upon a rocky foundation. From this one the water passed through a close wire screen into an iron pipe of twelve inches in diameter. In 1848 there were eleven and a quarter miles of mains. In 1855, by legis- lative enactment, the control of the water works of the city of Troy was transferred to five commissioners : Harvey Smith, Thomas Sy- monds, Liberty Gilbert, Joseph M. Warren and William F. Sage. In the fall of 1856, the wooden dam at the reservoir was removed and one of stone constructed, seven feet at the bottom, five feet seven inches at the top, seventeen feet high, and sixty- seven and a half feet long. In the month of July, 1S60, a strong reservoir with a capacity of 37,000,000 gallons, covering six and a half acres, was constructed a short distance east of Oakwood avenue. A second one, which was finished in 1862, with a capacity of 50,000,000 gal- lons was built near Cemetery avenue at a cost of $29,312 62. These reservoirs, with their appertaining dams and lakes, had a capacity of about two hundred and fifty millions of gallons. In 1863, another reservoir was built for the storage of water, about four miles from the city, in the town of Brunswick. This one covered a territory of twenty acres, and has a capacity of 180,000,000 gallons. The manufacturing interests of Troy in 1830 as represented in the Directory of that year, embraced : " The Ida Mills. — This establishment is for spinning and weav- ing cotton. It contains 2,400 spindles, and 68 power looms ; spins 55,000 lbs. yarn, nos. 32 to 36, and 20,000 lbs. yarn, nos. 5 to 20, per annum ; weaves 270,000 yards cotton cloth from the fine yarn, most of which is printed at the Hudson print works ; employs about 100 hands, a majority being females and children. About 170 persons derive their support from the establishment. A day school is kept 1 62 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. in the precincts throughout the year, and a night school about half the year. " Troy Cotton and Woolen Factory, contains 1,600 spindles, and 36 power looms, spins 74,000 lbs. yarn, nos. 12 to 19, per an- num; weaves 250,000 yards shirtings, which are bleached ; and em- ploys about 80 hands, seven-eighths being females and children. " Troy Woolen Factory contains 1,000 spindles, 20 satinette power looms, 10 broad flannel looms ; works up about 95,000 lbs. wool per annum; weaves 75,000 yards satinette, and 100,000 yards flannel, and employs about 80 hands, three-fourths being females and children. About 370 persons derive their support from this and the preceding establishment, which are very near each other. A day school is kept throughout the year ; a night school during 3 to 6 months , and a Sabbath school every Sunday, averaging 80 to 90 scholars. "Troy Iron and Nail Factory, John Converse, agent. At these works 900 tons of iron were rolled last year, of which 650 tons were cut into nai-ls. More than 5,000 nail kegs were used; 350 tons ot Lehigh coal, with 10,000 bushels of charcoal, were consumed ; and more than 40 men employed. The annual disbursement on account of this establishment, is about $150,000, of which the largest part is paid for iron ; and about $30,000 for labor immediately connected with the works. "Spike Factory owned by the proprietors of the Iron and Nail Factory, made about 150 tons of wrought spikes, employed 8 men, and consumed about 40 tons of Lehigh coal, with about 2,000 bush- els charcoal. • "Albany Nail Factory, Thomas Turner, Jr., agent, drives 12 cut-nail machines, and during the year ending April 1, 1830, rolled 825 tons of iron, of which 450 tons were cut into nails, and 375 tons were for other uses , it employs an average of 32 men constantly. " Troy Air Furnace, owned by N. Starbuck & Sons, melts about 600 tons of iron annually. In connection with this establishment, the proprietors have also a Machine Shop, for making steam engines and. boilers, for turning and boring iron, for cutting screws, &c, &c. They have a plough factory which turns out annually 500 ploughs ; they employ about 30 men constantly. "Rensselaer Air Furnace, owned by L. Stratton & Son. This establishment has been recently fitted up, and is now extensive enough to enable its proprietors to melt 500 tons of iron per annum, HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 1 63 and to cast any article usually made in a furnace, viz : machine, mill and steam engine castings; paper mill screws, sleigh shoes, win- dow weights, ploughs and plough castings, &c, &c. " Troy Steam Engine Factory and Machine Shop, owned by John C. Langdon. At this establishment are made steam engines and boilers, paper mill screws and various other screws, cotton fac- tory gearing, horse-boat machinery, &c, &c. The annual disburse- ment is about $15,000, and about 15 men are employed. " Chichester's Coopering Establishment turns out annually more than 80,000 casks of all kinds, worth about $40,000. The whole manufacture of the city, in this way, is more than 100,000 casks, of about $60,000 in value. " Soap and Candle Factory, owned by John Converse, makes about 300,000 lbs. rough tallow into candles and soap, mostly for export, and employs about 10 men. The annual disbursements for stock, &c, are about $40,000. " Carriage Factories. — Of these there are two principal ones, of about equal extent, one owned by Charles Veazie, and the other by Orsamus Eaton. They turn out in all about 50 post-coaches, and about 100 other carriages, worth altogether about $50,000 ; they both employ about 60 men on an average. " Sash Factory, owned by E. Prescott & Co., made last year 28,500 lights of sash, and employed 2 men. '■ Breweries. — Of these there are three, which make annually 14,000' bbls. beer, worth $70,000. " Brush Factory. — This establishment is owned by Dater & M'Murray, who manufacture annually 75,000 brushes of all kinds, worth $25,000. " Stove Factories. — There are several of these, and altogether the value of their sales is estimated at $120,000 per annum. "Tanneries and Currying Shops. — The value of the whole manufacture of leather, from skins of all kinds, is estimated, upon careful inquiry, at not less than $175,000. " Shoe Making. — There are two establishments at which shoes are made for export, and they both turn out, annually, the value of more than $40,000 " Flouring Mills. — Of these there are five, and they make about 80,000 bbls. annually. " Freighting. — About 70 sloops, averaging 80 tons each, and the New London with 10 tow boats, that average 150 tons each, en- 164 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. gaged in the transportation of produce and goods, to and from New York to Troy. The tow boats carry an average of 16,000 tons down freight, and 12,000 tons up freight, annually." The Third Presbyterian Church was organized in Albia, January 16, 1 83 1, with sixty-five members. The first elders were Jesse Tracy, Andrew Fitch and Alsaph Clarke. A frame building was erected for a house of worship the same year. This was destroyed by fire in 1853, but was rebuilt with brick. In March, 1831, Troy had in its fire department eight engine companies, and one hook and ladder company, comprising two hundred and seventy-five men. There were eight engines, five hose carts, twenty-two hundred feet of hose, five lad- ders, six hooks, eight axes and thirty-one fire buckets. During the year 1830 there were five fires; estimated loss $8,500. This year an hourly line of stages was established between Albany and Troy, and before the summer ended the stages were running half-hourly. In the month of October, 1834, 12,589 passengers were carried between the two places, and fares amounted to $3,147. The Troy Insurance Company, chartered April 5, 1831, with a capital stock of $200,000, on Wednesday, August 31, elected its first directors. They were Nathan Dauchy, Robert D. Silliman, Jesse Patrick, William P. Haskin, Thomas Read, Latham Cornell, William D. Haight, John D. Willard, Alsop Weed, Charles H. Mer- ritt, James Rankin, Elnathan F. Grant, Ebenezer Prescott, Sylvester Norton, Jeremiah Chichester, Calvin Warner, Henry Vail, George B. Warren, Alfred Wotkyns, Jedediah Tracy, Thaddeus B. Bigelow, Jacob Dater, John Thomas, William Hart, Asahel Gilbert, Jr., Israel Seymour, James Dougrey, Norman Squires, Munson Smith and Aaron C. Dennis. The officers were : Nathan Dauchy, President; Robert D Silliman, Assistant President : and John D. Willard, Sec- retary. The value of real estate in Troy at this time was already raised to advanced figures, and all of the best business locations command- ed high prices. The extreme north lot on the west side of Second street, fifty by one hundred and thirty feet, occupied for a number of years by Charles Veazie as a coach factory, was sold in the fall for $10,500. The inhabitants of Troy had not forgotten the generosity of the people who had ministered to the wants of the sufferers by the fire of 1820, and when other places were desolated by fire, Troy imrne- HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 1 65 diately sent money and other gifts. The following paragraph is an evidence of their benevolence : " There are now ready for shipment two bells from Hanks' foun- dry in this city, for our desolated friends at Fayetteville, one for the Presbyterian congregation and the other for the Episcopal church. On one was ' In flammis Perii XXIX Mail, A. D, MDCCCXXX1, Munere Amicum E cinere surrexi. In flames I perished 29th May, A. D. 1 83 1. Through the bounty of friends I have arisen from the ashes. The following inscription was furnished by the committee of the Second Presbyterian Church : ' In ecclesia Seconda Presby- teriana in Troja, Nov Ebor. J. Hanks, Troy, N. Y., 1831.' Trans- lation : From the Second Presbyterian Church in Troy, N. Y. On the Episcopal bell was: c Tribute of love from St. Paul's Church, Troy, to St. John's Church, Fayetteville, 1831. In flammis peni,in amore surrexi. I perished in flames: in love I arose. J. Hanks, fecit, Troy, N. Y. ' " With reference to the business of Troy, the Sentinel stated in Tune, 1832, that Julius Hanks had cast a bell for the fiist . . 1832. Presbyterian society of the town of Monroe, in the territory of Michigan. Troy is furnishing church bells to Michigan, and post-coaches to Mexico." On the twelfth of March there occurred a great flood, which car- ried away a part of the Cohoes bridge across the Mohawk, and the river, on Tuesday, the 13th, at eleven o'clock, was eighteen inches higher than the great freshet in 18 18. In April, 1832, an hourly line of stages began running between Troy and Lansingburgh, and were well patronized by the public. Previous to the completion of the Erie and Champlain canals, the business of Troy had been mostly confined to its immediate vicini- ty, but with the opening of these important water channels, its com- mercial relations became more extended, and its trade enlarged. Wholesale and commission houses were established, and its manu- facturers increased the capacity of their mills, and secured larger orders for their productions. As these advantages of internal trans- portation became more manifested to the enterprising merchants of Troy, other and more rapid methods were projected, among which the building of a railroad from Troy to Ballston Spa was the first to be undertaken. An Act to incorporate the Rensselaer & Saratoga Railroad Company was passed by the Legislature April 14, 1832, for the purpose of building a single or a double railroad from some 1 66 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. proper point in the city of Troy, passing through the village of Waterford, to the village of Ballston Spa, with power to erect bridges between the points named. The commencement of the work was limited to three years, and its completion to five years after its beginning. The capital stock was fixed at three hundred thousand shaies of one hundred dollars each. The commissioners appointed by the charter were : John Knickerbacker, John House, Stephen Warren, William Pierce, William D Haight, James Cook and Joel Lee In 1833, Richard P. Hart was chosen President, and Elisha Tib- bits, George Griswold, John Cramer, John Knickerbacker, Richard P. Hart, Townsend McCoun, Nathan Warren, Stephen Warren, George Vail, Le Grand Cannon, Moses Williams, John P. Cushman, and John Paine, were chosen directors of the company. The Rensselaer County Sunday School Union was organized in 1832. On the ninth of February, 1833, at a meeting of a number of per- sons, principally residing in the southern part of the city, it was determined to organize a fourth Presbyterian congrega- tion, and to erect a suitable house of worship, A committee to so- licit subscriptions was appointed, which in a few days had obtained $23,325. The ground whereon the present Second Street Presby- terian church is situated, was purchased, and on the second day of July the corner-stone was laid. The building was finished and dedicated the sixth day of August, 1834. On the twenty-fifth of this month the Sunday School was organized. A board of Trustees was elected September 13th, composed of the following persons: George Palmer, Matthew Lane, John T. McCoun, Henry Burden, Hanford N. Lockwood, Le Roy Mowry, Alfred Slason, John Wheel- er and Townsend M. Vail. The Church was organized by the Presbytery of Troy on the 23d of September, on petition of sixty- nine members from the Second Presbyterian Church, and by the election of Abraham Nash, George Vail, Daniel Wight, Edward Wilson, Jr., Elders, and Abraham Brower, Deacon. On the same day a unanimous call was given the Rev. W. D. Snodgrass, D. D., to become the pastor of the new congregation. On Friday morn- ing, October 3d, 1834, he was installed pastor of the Second Street Presbyterian Church. The introductory prayer was offered by Rev. Dr. Spring, of New York city ; the sermon was preached by Rev. Dr. Miller, of Princeton, N. J.; the charge to the pastor was made HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 1 67 by Rev. Mr. Smith, of Waterford, and Rev. Dr. Tucker delivered the charge to the people. The Troy and Hartford Stage Line was established in March, 1833, and in June. a daily line of stages began running between Troy and Saratoga Springs. The Troy City Bank was incorporated April 19th, 1833, with a capital stock of $300,000; 6,000 shares at $50 each. On Wednes- day, July 10th, at Washington Hall, No. 331 River street, E. & P. Dorlon proprietors, the following persons were elected directors of the Bank : Richard P. Hart, Robert D. Silliman, Alsop Weed, Henry Vail, John T. McCoun, George B. Warren, Job Pierson, Abraham Van Tuyl, Gilbert Reilay, William P. Haskin, Thaddeus B. Bigelow, Anson Arnold and Elnathan F. Grant. Richard P. Hart was elect- ed President, and George R. Davis, Cashier. In September George R. Davis resigned, and Silas K. Stow was appointed Cashier. The regular business of the bank was first conducted at No. 3 Franklin Square, until the banking house was completed, September 13, 1833. Kentucky's distinguished senator, Henry Clay, visited Troy on Thursday, November 14th, 1833. He was received by the people in the Court House, Hon. George Tibbits, the Mayor, bade him welcome in an appropriate address. An elegantly mounted double- barreled rifle, made by A. D. Cushing, was presented him by Fran- cis V. Yvonett, Esq., in behalf of the young men of Troy. He and his wife remained in the city until Monday, the guest of John D. Dickinson. On Sunday morning they attended worship in St. Paul's church, and in the afternoon services in the Baptist church, of which Rev. B. M. Hill was then pastor. In the year 1822 Henry Burden became associated with the man- ufacturing interests of the Troy Iron and Nail Factory The ma- chinery used for making nails was then very imperfect in operation and slow in production, and the supply of water in the Wynants- Kill was irregular and insufficient for the various purposes of the manufacturers. His inventive talents and technical skill were at once applied to perfect the nail machines, and at the same time to devise a series of reservoirs whereby a constant and adequate sup- ply of water should be obtained for the Factory Previous to his connection with the Troy Iron and Nail Factory, he was the inventor of a plough and a cultivator. In 1825 he ob- tained a patent for a machine for making ship spikes, and shortly after adapted it for the manufacture of countersunk spikes for flat I 68 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. rails, then in use upon the various railroads in the United States. There were many difficulties which embarrassed the inventor in bringing this kind of machinery into favor with the people, for it was a general belief that machine made spikes were almost worth- less when compared with those made by hand. In the year 1833 he constructed a steamboat by which he design- ed to secure a less draft of water than the boats then upon the river, and to move with greater speed through the water. The lower deck of the boat rested upon two long segar-shaped hulls, three hundred feet long, placed side by side about twelve feet apart, with a paddle wheel, thirty feet in diameter, amidships. The first trial of this new steamboat, the "Helen," on the Hudson, was made on Wednes- day, December 4th, 1833. Her speed was tested in July, 1834, and rated at eighteen miles an hour. Shortly after, while on a trip down the river, by a misunderstood order from the pilot, the engineer ran the boat against the Castleton dam, which so disabled her that she was condemned as worthless. In the year 1837, he built a second boat, which was commended as a great success by the various news- papers. In the winter of 1835-36, Henry Burden visited England, and learning that the flat rail would be superseded by the T and H rail, and that a different variety of railroad spikes would be needed, he made, on his return, the necessary modifications to his former machinery, and began the manufacture of the new spikes. His first contract for these spikes was with the Long Island Rail- road in 1836, for which company he manufactured ten tons. In 1840 he secured a full patent for the machine. After years of earnest study and experiment he, in 1834, suc- ceeded in the construction of a machine for making horse shoes, and obtained a patent for it in 1835. This was one of his most important inventions. In 1843 he improved it, reducing its ope- rations to two movements, which he further improved in 1857 so that after receiving the heated bar, it cut, bent, and forged it into a perfect shaped shoe with one movement. In 1862 he made addi- tional improvements to it. The invention of his horse-shoe ma- chine was not only a commercial benefit, but was also of great po- litical importance to the country. In the late war, the Burden works supplied the Federal armies with horse shoes. The stock of the Confederate army, which had been taken from the various gov- ernment depots in the Southern States, was in time diminished, and possessing no other means of supply, except those obtained in the HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 1 69 different raiding expeditions, it became necessary for the Confeder- ate States to establish works for their manufacture. To this end, the Confederate government employed a man named Moses to visit Troy and make designs of the Burden machine, with the intention of establishing works for their manufacture at Atlanta, Georgia. General Sherman's march to the sea, however, put an end to the en- terprise. England, France, Austria, Prussia, Russia, and other Eu- ropean powers have availed themselves of the benefit of this patent, as well as the United States. The protection by patent of the spike machine to its inventor. Henry Burden, was succeeded by a litigation that was of long con- tinuance, and memorable in the annals of American jurisprudence Many distinguished lawyers in the country were engaged by the various litigating parties, among whom were William H. Seward Nicholas Hill, Chancellor Walworth, David L Seymour and other leading attorneys. This noted case continued for nearly twenty years. In 1838-39 Henry Burden constructed the immense water wheel which Lewis Gaylord Clarke has called " the Niagara of water wheels." It is an overshot wheel of sixty feet diameter, twenty -two feet wide, bearing thirty-six buckets, each six feet deep, and is of twelve hundred horse power. With the exception of a wheel in Greenock, Scotland, it is said this is the largest water wheel in the world. In the preparation of iron from the pig, Henry Burden, by a sim- ple contrivance, created a revolution in the process of manipulating the metal after leaving the puddling furnaces. Previously, this had been done by hammers. After the erection of the great wheel, the millwright discovered that no provision had been made for the ham- mer, as was customary. Reminding the inventor of the omission, he was informed that he had no use for it. In the meantime, his inventive mind had conceived a different principle and more rapid method for the treatment of iron. With a surprising simplicity of construction, he made a model of a machine which at once illus- trated its utility. By compressing the puddle balls between re- volving cylinders with concentric surfaces, he secured a patent for a " Rotary Concentric Squeezer," which the Commissioners of Patents declared the first truly original and the most important invention in the manufacture of iron at that time, which had been brought to the Patent office. 22 I 70 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Through the inventions of Henry Burden, Troy has the honor to claim that the first ship spikes, the first hook headed spikes, and the first horse shoes ever made by machinery in America, were made at the Burden Iron Works in the south part of the city. Henry Bur- den became successively superintendent, agent and president, and finally sole owner of these valuable works. The intellectual culture which the people of Troy had early ac- quired by the establishment of the Troy Library, and by the philo- sophical and scientific lectures and publications of Prof. Amos Eaton and his learned associates of the Troy Lyceum of Natural History, was further advanced by the organization of the Young Mens' Asso- sociation. Previous to its formation, a meeting had been convened in the Mayor's Court Room, on Friday evening, Nov. 28, 1834, to decide upon the expediency of providing for a course of public lec- tures during the following winter ; and to discuss at the same time the propriety of organizing a Young Mens' Association. At this meeting, of which John T. McCoun was chairman, and Alexander McCall, Secretary, a committee was appointed, consisting of Giles B. Kellogg, Thomas Coleman, Martin I. Townsend, Ralph Hawley and Thaddeus B. Bigelow, which was instructed to draft and report a constitution at a subsequent meeting. On the 12th of December, the committee presented a form of constitution which was accepted. A committee of five persons from each of the four wards of the city was thereupon appointed to obtain signatures to the Constitu- tion. First Ward — Alfred Slason, Thaddeus Bigelow, Charles Hooper, I. R. Catlin and Charles E. Seymour ; Second Ward — Francis N. Mann, Giles B. Kellogg, G. H. Tracy, Harvey Warner and G. W. Francis; Third Ward — John C. Kemble, Alexander McCall, Ralph Hawley, W. H. Van Schoonhoven, and Thomas Coleman ; Fourth Ward — C. Deming, William Hagen, Jared S. Weed, Henry T. Eddy and S. Burrows. In the short interval of a week this Constitution had attached to it the names of four hundred and twenty-six signers. Following the report of the committee at the Court House, on Friday evening of the 19th of December, 1834, John T. McCoun was elected the first President of the Association, and on Wednesday evening, December 22d, the other officers were chosen. These were: David L.Sey- mour, First Vice-President ; Henry Loudon, Second Vice-President ; Thomas Coleman, Third Vice-President; John T. Lamport, Re- HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. I^I cording Secretary , Giles B. Kellogg, Corresponding Secretary, and Charles E. Seymour, Treasurer. The Managers were : William H. Van Schoonhoven, Isaac J. Merritt, Henry Rousseau, Jared S. Weed, John S. Perry, Levinus Vanderheyden, Lorenzo Cadwell, Brigham L. Eaton, Harvey Warner and Lorenzo Baker. The De- bating Society had for its officers : George Gould, President ; George W. Francis, First Vice President ; Henry T. Eddy, Second Vice President , and Ralph Hawley, Secretary. The first rooms occu- pied by the Association, in February, 1835, were in the second story of the building of Abraham Fellows, No. 197 River street, which were thus described : " The rooms of the society are large and convenient, one of which is devoted exclusively to newspapers, both foreign, and from every part of the Union. There are now on file more than one hundred different papers. Another room is occupied by the library and the literary periodical publications, where may be found most, the best at any rate, of the American literary journals and the reprints of the foreign. The library numbers about one thousand volumes of stan- dard and substantial works. The Debating Society meets once a week. During the winter, two lectures a week have been delivered, which were fully attended." The following were the lecturers and their subjects for the course of 1834-35, delivered at the Court House : " Amos Dean, president Y. M. A., Albany, ' Phrenology.' Prof. Amos Eaton, ' The first five elementary principles of being.' Prof. B. F. Joslin, of Union College, ' The advantages of a more general diffusion of elementary medicinal knowledge.' Prof. Alonzo Potter, of Union College, 'Mechanical arts,' and one lecture on 'The science of duty/ Daniel Gardner, Esq., 'Political Economy.' George Gould, Esq., 'American literature.' Giles B. Kellogg, Esq., 'Periodical litera- ture.' Dr. Thomas C. Brinsmade, Jr., 'Physiology.' John Ball, Esq., Tour across the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific' " The price of admission was : for a single lecture, gentlemen, 25c.; gentleman and lady, 37^0.; gentleman and two ladies, 50c, for the season, gentleman, $1 ; gentleman and lady, $1 50 ; gentleman and two ladies, $2.00. The first annual meeting under the constitution was held on Mon- day evening, February 16th, 1835, at which time the Association had about four hundred and fifty members. The Troy Young Men's Association was incorporated April 20th, 1S35. IJ72 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. On the north-west corner of Fulton and Fifth streets was a church edifice known as the Bethel Church, in which worshiped the first and only society of Congregationalists ever organized in J Troy. The pastor of this congregation was Rev. Fayette Shipard. In this edifice, about the year 1834, Theodore D Weld was mobbed by a crowd of pro-slavery politicians. He had come to Troy by invitation to deliver an address on abolitionism, and the church was that afternoon unusually crowded with men and wo- men. While addressing the audience he was disturbed in different ways, and finally assaulted with missiles, the affair culminating in a fearful struggle, which at one lime was attended with great danger to all the persons assembled in the building In the midst of the fray, Henry Z Hayner, Esq., a man of splendid physique and great strength, seized the ringleader of the mob, at the foot of the pulpit, and held him by the throat until he was black in the face He then took Theodore D. Weld by the arm and led him through the ex- cited, blaspheming rabble to a place of safety and escape. The dedication of the Liberty Street Presbyterian church is thus referred to in the Troy Budget of November 28th, 1834 ; "A building recently erected in this city for the use of the people of color, situated on the north side of Liberty street, was yesterday (Thursday, Nov. 27th,) dedicated to the service and worship of Al- mighty God. Several of the clergymen of this city were present, and took part in the exercises The Rev. Theodore S. Wright, of New York city, preached the dedication sermon from the text : Colossians 3 . 17. We understand that a day school for colored children, and an evening school for adults, will be commenced on Monday next by William Lively." The nucleus from which this congregation was formed, was organ- ized by the efforts of William Rich, Harvey Martin and Alexander Theuay. Hon. George Tibbits, Mayor of Troy, was much inter- ested in this enterprise, and secured for the congregation considera- ble assistance from the city authorities. The upper part of the building was used for worship, but no distinct church organization was effected until January 17, 1840, when the congregation assumed the name of Liberty Street Presbyterian Church. Rev. Nathan S. S. Beman, D. D , and Rev. Fayette Shipard, together with Thomas Jefferson, Prince Van Aller, Samuel Jefferson, John Caraseau, and Jacob Hogeboom, are mentioned as the organizers. The congre- gation consisted of about thirty members. Rev. Henry H. Garnett, HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. I J 3 a graduate of Oberlin, was called to the pastorship of the church, in which position he remained for more than seven years. On his departure the church had ninety communicants. The last public execution which took place in Troy and the County, occurred on the fourteenth day of November, 1834. Thomas Harty was then hung for the murder of his wife, whom he killed with an axe while cooking. The condemned man with pinioned arms and guarded by the Troy Citizens' Corps, was marched to the music of the Portuguese hymn, from the jail on Ferry street to Fifth street, up Congress street, to the side of the Seminary hill, where the gallows were erected. An immense concourse had assembled to witness this execution, and occupied all the hill-side, house-tops and vantage- ground in the vicinity. The first execution in the County, and village of Troy, was that of Winslow Russell, for the murder of Michael Backus. He was tried before Hon. Ambrose Spencer, Justice of the Supreme Court of Judication of the State of New York, and was sentenced "to be hung on the 19th of July, 181 1, between the hours of 10 a. m. and 5 p. M. of the clock," and "his body given to the physicians for des- section." The spot on which the gallows were erected for many years, was visible on the south side of Congress street opposite Eighth street. The solid rock had to be excavated to receive the lower work of the scaffold, and for a long time thereafter designated the place of execution. The United Presbyterian church, comprised principally of Scotch Presbyterians, was organized on the sixth day of February, 1834, in a school house on the south-east corner of State and Fourth streets. Rev. Peter Bullions, D. D., organized the church with sixteen mem- bers. The first ruling elders were Robert Cruikshank and William Brinckerhoff. In a wooden building on the east side of First, near Division street, the first services of the church were held May 1st, 1834. In 1836 a brick edifice was erected on Seventh street, be- tween State and Albany streets, which was dedicated Nov. 13th of that year. In the fire of 1862 this building was burned, and the congregation erected another brick edifice the same year on the east side of Fifth street, between State street and Broadway, in which the first opening services were held on the fifteenth of February, 1863, and which were conducted by Rev. Dr. Peter Bullions, Rev. > Dr. Kennedy and Rev. H. Robertson. Rev. Peter Bullions, D. D., I 74 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY, was the first pastor of the congregation, and he continued in that relation from Dec. 28, 1836, to February 13, 1864. The rapid growth of the first Particular Baptist Churcn, and its large membership, induced a number of its members to organize a second Baptist Church in Troy. This was accomplished on the 4th of February, 1834, with a membership of sixty persons; Joshua Harpham, Lemuel Brintnall and Andrew Hemphill acting as dea- cons, and S. E. Gibbs, clerk. The congregation fi-rst worshiped in a small meeting house on First street, between Ferry and Division streets. In March they purchased the Universalist meeting house on Ferry street for ^7,000 and the vestry building adjoining for $1,000. In May, Rev. Ebenezer S. Raymond was called, and in July began his pastorship of the congregation. The church was re-organized Feb. 12th, 1868, and on the 25th of May in the follow- ing year the corner-stone of the present brick church on Congress street, near the Stone bridge, was laid. On the second Sunday in March, 1870, the church was dedicated, Rev. Dr. George C. Bald- win, Rev. Dr. C. P. Sheldon, and Rev. W. T. C. Hanna participating in the services. The corner-stone of the present edifice of the First Presbyterian Church was laid on Thursday afternoon, April 23, 1835, at two o'clock. In the month of June, 1836, the church was finished and dedicated. The dedication sermon was preached by Rev. Edward N. Kirk, of Albany. On the thirtieth of August, 1835, the North Second Street Meth- odist Episcopal Church was dedicated by Bishop Hedding, assisted by Rev. Mr. Chichester, of Lansingburgh. The organizers of this church were Jesse Anthony, Thomas L. Ostrom, Independence Starks, Zina P. Eggleston, Eli Townsend, Lyman Bennett, Edwin Cleminshaw, and twelve other members of the State Street M. E. Church. Rev. S. D. Ferguson was the first pastor of the congrega- tion. The Universalist Church on Fifth street was dedicated on Friday, September nth, 1835. Rev. I. D. Williamson, of Albany, delivered a discourse on the occasion. A correspondent of the New York Commercial Advertiser thus describes a visit to Troy September 18, 1835 : " There is something remarkable in the character of the people. No matter where they come from, or what have been their previous habits, the moment they become residents of this place, they are HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. I 75 Trojans. They not only look well to their own individual interests, but imbibe the same spirit of enterprise which they find prevailing, and unite as one man in sustaining the interests and advancing the prosperity of Troy. It is in fact a sort of community by itself — like Lubec or Hamburg, or any other of the free cities of the ancient Hanseatic league, belonging to the confederacy, it is true, but always minding the main chance for itself. Hence, when any project for the benefit of the -town is started, so its feasibility is apparent, there are no bickerings, or jealousies, or rivalships, or long debates. The people go to work and do it. So if any other city or town in the vicinity commences an enterprise of its own, if by possibility it can conflict with the interests of Troy, or give her real or fancied rivals an advantage over it, the Trojans are awake in an instant, and some countervailing project is undertaken, or some original measure pro- jected, whereby they can rather more than sustain themselves in the race of competition. No sooner, for instance, had the steamboat monopoly been broken up by the Supreme Court, and Albany placed a line of steamboats upon the river of her own, than Troy did the same. When a railroad brought the valley oi the Mohawk within an hours distance from Albany, Troy united herself with Vermont by the process of Macadam. The regency having succeeded in obtaining a national appropriation to improve the navigation of the overslaugh, and induced the ' last of the Romans ' to forget that he had vetoed the appropriation of the year before as unconstitutional, Troy manages to come in for a share, to be applied above the Capital of the Knickerbockers. And last, though not least, a railroad hav- ing in effect brought the Ballston and Saratoga health springs within two hours of Albany, another railroad brings the same fountains within an hour and a half of Troy. Nor do the people ' who go ahead ' in these matters always stop to calculate whether or not they are to make large dividends upon the stock of this or that enter- prise. They know and feel that their interests are identified with those of the city, and in whatever way the latter is benefited, they readily perceive their own general advantage. The fruits of this policy, and the entire unanimity with which they act in regard to all matters of profit and loss, are at this time most evident in the flour- ishing condition of the town. You doubtless recollect the residence of the venerable Colonel Pawling, below the city, and the old brick mansion of the Vanderheydens, on the side hill above, at the north- east. The city is now compactly built in both directions, and along I 76 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. the river at the north a goodly distance beyond. The lowlands south of the city, extending down to the creek, and from the river back to the hill, are filling up after the manner of the recent im- provement of the Stuyvesant meadows in New York. It is but five or six years since a new Presbyterian Church swarmed forth from the old one, so long under the pastoral care of the late Dr. Coe, and latterly under the care of Dr. Beman. A new church was built so re- motely situated in the suburbs of the town, that I thought the people had made a fatal mistake in its location. To the charge of this church the Rev. Mark Tucker, D. D., was called from Northampton, and is most happily situated. But already has another division been made ; the excess of Dr. Tucker's charge have created a third church in a central position, over which the Rev. William D. Snodgrass, D. D., late of Murray street, New York, has been placed with great accep- tance to the people. Meantime, a second Episcopal church — a handsome edifice of stone — has been built ; a new and noble struc- ture of brick is now nearly completed for Dr. Beman ; the Metho- dists are building a second church ; the Baptists, I believe, have pur- chased the handsome church sometime since built by the Universal- ists ; and two Roman Catholic churches have been erected. Nor must I forget the new Court House, a marble temple of the Doric order, which would have done credit to the classic capitol of Attica itself. You doubtless recollect the delightful situation of the home of the venerable George Tibbits, quite in the country a kw years since, east of the city, on a beautiful slope of Mount Ida. This has been invaded, and already a range of houses is looking down upon it from the elevation beyond, to say nothing of sundry large manu- facturing villages which have sprung into existence, in the ravines southwardly of the city, and out of sight of those who do not go in search of them. Two of these I have seen, and made a special visit to one — the Iron Works of X)r. Burden, and those of other pro- prietors, of various kinds, in the ravine about two miles south of the Court House. Dr. Burden is the same ingenious and scientific machinist who constructed the celebrated steamboat a year or two since upon a new principle, which he hoped to drive over the water at the rate of twenty-five or thirty miles an hour. His works at this place comprise one of a succession of iron manufactories, standing in a deep ravine upon a small stream which comes leaping down the mountain, the waters of which are gathered up at every successive plunge, to turn the wheels of another establishment, thus HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 177 being used over and over again half a dozen times a day. Among other descriptions of machinery which I examined, was Dr. Bur- den's recent ingenious contrivance for making horse shoes, sixty or seventy of which are turned out complete in a minute. Added to all which, saying nothing of mills and manufactories, in numbers, and in various directions, an ample supply of pure and wholesome water has been introduced from the mountain springs situate about a mile north-east of the pyramidal rocks of bituminous shale, on the Lansingburgh road, dignified long since by the name of Mount Olympus. The supply is abundant, and from the elevation of the land, it can be introduced into the upper stories of the dwellings through the city. Several fountains are playing in public places, others in gentlemen's yards, and others still are to be introduced. Some two or three paragraphs back I spoke of a railroad from this city to the Springs. I likewise read a paragraph in the Commercial a few days ago, stating that the cars of this road had made the trip from Ballston to Waterford — twenty-two miles — in fifty-four minutes. This was doing very well ; but I had the pleasure of flying over the same space the other day in fifty minutes. The cars are of the most superb order, and run upon wheels of an improved description, being cast with a rim of wrought iron in the flange, so that to break them would seem to be impossible, or next to it. This road, you are probably aware, is not yet quite completed, but will be so in a few days, commencing at the Troy House, in the heart of the city, and terminating at Ballston — the charter, I believe, not permitting the company to extend it to Saratoga. It was originally intended that the Troy road should run along the eastern margin of the Hud- son, through Lansingburgh, crossing the river upon the old bridge at Waterford. Obstructions, however, of various kinds were thrown in the way of the company, and prices demanded for the use of the bridge — under the impression that the railroad must be carried across it and nowhere else, which induced the directors to change the route. The road has accordingly been constructed on the west side of the river, being carried by a succession of bridges from island to island across the delta of the Mohawk, until it arrives near the lower extremity of Tibbits' island, opposite the city of Troy. From thence it leaps the Hudson by one of the noblest bridges in the Union. This bridge is upwards of sixteen hundred feet in length, resting upon eight massive piers of rough hewn stone. It has a draw of sixty feet, at the eastern end, for the accommodation of the 2 3 I 78 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. river craft of Lansingburgh and Waterford. Seventeen hundred thousand cubic feet of timber have been used in the construction of this bridge." On Tuesday, Oct. 6th, 1835, the Rensselaer & Saratoga Railroad was completed, and the trains crossed the bridge for the first time on that day. The fare from Troy to Ballston was $1.00, and to Saratoga Springs, $1.25. On the arrival of the cars at the west side of the Rensselaer & Saratoga bridge, the engine was detached and horses were substituted, which drew the trains across the bridge and down River street to the Troy House, the terminus of the road. The ticket office was then at No. 6 First street. The consummate skill with which the people of Troy managed all their local interests was especially exhibited in the several rail- road enterprises originated about this time for the benefit of the city. Heretofore, every attempt of the citizens of Albany to secure the trade of Northern and Western New York, Vermont and the adjacent country had been in some way opposed and frustrated by the people of Troy, or was divested of so much of its intended util- ity to Albany as to eventuate to the business interests of Troy. The opening of the side cut in the Erie Canal opposite the city, making it the principal outlet for all the boats plying between the Hudson river and the Western lakes, is relatively an exemplification of this tact and management of the people of Troy. After the com- pletion of the railroad between Albany, Schenectady, Ballston Spa and Saratoga Springs, Albany had secured, as was supposed, the long desired control of the northern trade. The first adroit movement made by the people of Troy, who had from the early part of the century strenuously opposed the building of a bridge across the Hudson river at Albany, and had continued this opposition with a pertinacity of argument and antagonism which annually delayed the construction of the proposed bridge, was the introduction of a clause into the bill incorporating the Troy & Ballston railroad, by which they secured the right to build bridges between any of the places mentioned in the charter. The bill was passed, and the Albany people did not perceive the important clause until it was too late to oppose its enactment. This grant- ed the building of the Troy bridge across the Hudson, and at the same time made a way of escape from the illiberal exactions of the Union Bridge Company of Waterford and Lansingburgh. The municipal triumph of Troy over Albany was the cause of various HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. I 79 retaliatory acts, which in turn were intended to embarrass the travel and traffic of Troy When the road was completed from Troy to Ballston, the management of the Schenectady & Saratoga railroad refused permission to the Troy & Ballston company for the pas- sage of through freight over their branch road to Saratoga, and would not agree to any arrangements for the acceptance of through passenger tickets. Fortunately at this time a quantity of the stock of the Schenectady and Saratoga railroad, which had always been non-paying, came into the possession of a New York broker. A knowledge of this fact was given to Richard P. Hart, who immedi- ately, with other Troy merchants, purchased this stock and became controllers of the road. When a meeting was called, the Albany stockholders were in dismay at this unimagined position of affairs, which dispossessed them of the leading representation in the board of officers of the Schenectady & Saratoga railroad. By these suc- cessive steps, the people retained the control of the commerce and trade of northern New York. An act to incorporate the Troy & Stockbridge railroad was passed by the State Legislature May 10th, 1836 The capital stock was placed at 600,000 shares at $50 each. The commissioners named in the bill were : Daniel Gardner, John E. Wool, Elam Tilden, Charles S. J. Goodrich, James Van Schoonhoven, Jonas C. Heartt, Ebenezer C. Barton, Henry W. Strong, Arthur Milliken, John D Willard and Philander Wells. The Lansingburgh and Troy railroad was chartered May 19th, 1836. The capital stock was fixed at 40,000 shares at $50 each. The Schenectady and Troy railroad act was passed May 21st, 1836. The stock was divided into 500,000 shares at $100 each. The commissioners named were : Samuel W. Jones, George Mc- Queen, Henry C. Yates, Archibald L. Linn, Harvey Davis and Ed- ward H. Walton, of the city of Schenectady ; Daniel Campbell, of the town of Rotterdam ; and Isaac McConihe, George R. Davis, Elias Pattison, John V. Fassett, David Buel, Jr., Abraham Van Tuyl and Anson Arnold. The Mechanics Mutual Insurance Company of Troy was incor- porated May 14, 1836. The officers were : Nathaniel Starbuck, President; Robert Christie, Vice President , John Wheeler, Treasurer ; David L. Seymour, Attorney ; and Lyman Gar- field, Secretary. This year the Troy India Rubber Company was formed, wkh a l8o HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. capital of $200,000. In May the factory in the lower part of the city was burned, and new buildings were erected immediately there- after. One hundred and twenty persons were employed in the man- ufacture of coats, caps, aprons and shoes. The members of the Common Council of 1836-37 took occasion to express their views regarding the use of liquors on New Year's day, by adopting the following preamble and resolutions ■ " Whereas, the usage of the late Mayor of this city, adopted on the advice of a former Common Council, declining to receive com- pany on the commencement of the year, is believed to be salutary in its tendency — " Resolved, That the Mayor be requested to conform' to said usage on the approaching anniversary of the year. " Resolved, That in the interchange of the customary civilities, on the opening of the new year, we deem it inexpedient to place upon our tables either fermented or distilled liquors, as a part of our hos- pitality to our friends." Among the direful events connected with the history of Troy, the great land-slide at Mount Ida on Sunday evening, January 1st, 1837, is quite prominent. The Troy Budget of Jan. 2d, thus describes the avalanche : " Early last Summer, many of our readers are aware, a large mass of clay burst from the hill on the east section of the first ward of this city, followed by a gushing stream of water, and doing no other injury than covering a large portion of ground at the base with the bowels of the hill. Last evening, about seven o'clock, a similar occurrence took place on the same spot, but we regret to say, greater in extent and exceedingly fatal in its consequences. An avalanche of clay came tumbling from an eminence of nearly five hundred feet, moving down the base of the hill to level land, and then continued from the impulse it received to the distance of about 800 feet, cov- ering up acres of ground, accompanied with a cataract of water and sand, which kept up a terrible roar. The mass moved along with great rapidity, carrying with it two stables and three dwelling houses and crushing them and their contents in thousands of pieces. The stables and horses were moved to a distance of over 200 feet into a hollow on the corner of Washington and Fourth streets. " In its way the avalanche also encountered a brick kiln, burying it partially over and crumbling it together, from which a few min- utes after the flames rushed forth and lit up the city as with a great HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. l8l conflagration. This signal was the first intimation that was had of the catastrophe to those not in the immediate vicinity. " The three dwelling houses destroyed were of light structure, one occupied by Mr. John Grace, another by Mrs. Leavensworth, and the third by Mrs Warner, the last of which was fortunately va- cant at the time of the calamity. In Grace's house was himself and wife and a little boy ; the two former were extricated from the ruins dead, and the boy was taken out alive, very little hurt, barefooted and bare-headed, the building having been shattered in a thousand pieces — which is undoubtedly one of the most singular escapes that ever came to our knowledge. There were four of Mrs. Leavens- worth's family in her house, herself and three children. Two of the children were in bed at the time and probably asleep, and were after- wards taken from the midst of the wreck dead, crushed almost to a jelly, and were undoubtedly thrown instantly from a natural sleep into the sleep of death. Mrs. Leavensworth was taken out shock- ingly bruised, and was barely alive when we last heard from her. Fortunately, three of the family were at church at the time and es- caped awful deaths. " The stables were owned by Mr. Bingham, in which were twenty- two horses, and all carried along with the mass, together with nine or ten dirt carts, Six horses were taken from the ruins alive, the other sixteen were killed. The dead bodies of the horses can this morning be seen mingled among the ruins. Mr. Bingham's loss must be considerable. " The clay is piled up in masses to the depth of from ten to forty feet over a large surface. It must have moved with great rapidity, and it is fortunate that it had not happened at the time when the laborers were employed in digging from the hill. At the time it was snowing freely, and this morning the scene was entirely covered with a white veil. " The scene that presented itself in the early part of the evening was awful in the highest degree. The horrors of an earthquake could not have presented a more dreadful spectacle. In the midst of a mass of convulsed earth, a multitude of human beings were moving to and fro, some carrying torches, and others digging among the ruins, and dragging from the midst the remains of some lifeless body, or were rescuing some one in whom life had not yet become extinct. Some were crying 'ho! ropes, ropes!' 'help!' 'shovels!' while the scene was dimly illuminated by the flames from the burn- 1 82 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. ing brick kiln, which is still smouldering like an almost extinct vol- cano. The scene must have been witnessed to be realized — we can give but a faint description of it. " Five large trees were precipitated from the hill, some of which are now standing erect at the bottom, and others in a slightly in- clined posture. The whole is considered a singular phenomena, and its immediate cause is the question of much speculation." The same paper on the Friday following, gives these additional details : " There were only four dead bodies found ; John Grace, aged 57 ; Hannah Grace, aged about 40 ; Isaac Leavensworth, aged 8, and Seaman Leavensworth, aged 4. Appropriate funeral services took place over the four bodies in the Baptist church, yesterday afternoon (January 5 th,) and they were accompanied to the burying ground by a large concourse of citizens." CHAPTER VIII. From the Mob on St. Patrick's Day to the Second Large Fire. 1837 to 1854. The first public disturbance which broke the peace of the city of Troy, occurred on Saint Patrick's day in the year 1837. It was thus described : " On Friday, March 17th, being St. Patrick's day, a festival day, held in great reverence by the Irish Catholics throughout the world, — some boys suspended, in different sections of the city, effigies of the tutelar saint, for the purpose of ridiculing the peculiar notions of the Irish citizens, and exciting their feelings. We will remark here, that had the police officers done their duty in the morning, and apprehended every person en- gaged in this foolish business, our city would not have been the the- ater of so much discord and alarm. The affray commenced about ten o'clock in the forenoon, at the foot of Ferry street, where one of these images was placed a little from the shore. An Irish labor- er attempted to pull it down, but some boys and men commenced shouting and drove him away. Shortly after he returned in com- pany with others, when a second attempt was made to remove the image, and a scuffle ensued in which a man by the name of John Foster was knocked down and badly bruised. The crowd began to assume a fearful aspect, hundreds having collected, and stones were flying in every direction, and Mr. John P. Cole was attacked and maimed in a shocking manner. The mob then proceeded up Ferry street, and near Third street knocked down and beat another man in a horrible manner. At the intersection of these streets an at- tack was made upon Mr. Valleau's store, and the building was badly injured. The Mayor, Hon. Richard P. Hart, the Recorder of the city, and members of the Common Council, repaired to the scene of disorder and ordered the rioters to disperse, which was partially obeyed. " Shortly afterward, the store of Mr. Felton, corner of Ferry and Fourth streets, was attacked and nearly every door and window was demolished. At this juncture, being near noon, the Citizens' Corps was ordered under arms by the Mayor. The mob again con- 184 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. centrated in the vicinity of Ferry and Fifth streets, and some per- sons were attacked and injured, and arrests were made of several of the rioters, who were carried to jail. The Rev. Mr. Shanahan, a priest, made his appearance and earnestly exhorted his Irish fellow- citizens to disperse and peaceably retire to their homes. It had a salutary effect, and the greater part of the crowd dispersed. " In the evening again the mob collected on the lower part of Fifth street, below Ferry. Stones were thrown from the top of a house in the vicinity, and several guns were discharged in the doors and windows facing upon the street. Mr. William Wallace, while eating supper with his sister, was shot in the face and mortally wounded. A girl named Eliza Clohesy was shot in the eye, which she will have to lose. William Rodgers and John Maloney were also wounded. The windows and doors of six buildings were de- molished, and the furniture within greatly damaged. Joseph Grimes standing on Hill street, near Division, was shot in the groin, and died several days afterward. Many other persons were attacked and wounded during the day. About twenty of the ringleaders were apprehended and committed to jail. The appearance of the Citizens' Corps had a great effect upon the mob, and they generally retired upon its appearance. The Mayor issued a proclamation, calling upon all persons having knowledge of the authors of such crimes and disorders, their aiders and abettors, to appear and give evidence before the Grand Jury, then in session, to the end that all offenders might be brought to condign punishment." The years of 1835-36, which were famous for speculation in " pa- per cities" and "corner lots," was followed in 1837 by a general stagnation in trade and manufacturing. An editorial in the Troy Budget of March 28, 1837, thus refers to its effects in Troy : " The commercial community are now being visited with one of the evils of a mad spirit of speculation and overtrading that has pre- vailed for some years past. The spirit of man has been restless to confine his operations to the vicinity of his own homestead and reap a respectable, if not an independent living ; but he has gone forth in the western wilds and looked over the rugged surface of the hills and the smooth plains of the prairies, he has conceived in his imagination villages, towns, cities and nations in embryo, and has applied all the means he could acquire to purchase and become in possession of one or more of these ' castles in the air ' that he might in future be a prince in riches, if not of a people. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. I 85 " The failures of the million men that for a few days past have alarmed and astounded the community, although serious to the in- dividuals concerned, the world at large will have little cause to re- gret them." In May the Banks throughout the country suspended specie pay- ments, and those in Troy were compelled to follow their example. To meet the wants of the community, notes (shinplasters) of small denominational values were again issued by the city. The twelve and a half cent notes had on the left side a vignette of a woman floating in the sea, above which were the figures "12-2-," and below the word " cents." On the right side, in the upper corner, was the representation of a Spanish shilling, surrounded by the words, twelve and a half cents, and beneath it a Cupid bearing flowers. The centre figure of the bill was a picture of a four-pipe Troy steamboat, and underneath it the following note form : " On demand I promise to pay twelve and a half cents to the bearer, in New York Safety Fund bills, on the presentation of Five Dollars at my office. Troy, July 4th, 1837. J. A. Zander." The congregation of the Disciples' Church was organized on the fourteenth of May, 1837. One of the originators was Benjamin Reed. In 1838, Benjamin Reed and Joseph W. Ager were chosen elders. The first meetings of this congregation were held in the Fourth street session house, and were continued in this building for two years, after which they were held in the old Academy on the corner of Fourth and State streets. When the congregation next removed, it was to No. 229 North Second street. In 1843, Benja- min Reed resigned his pastorship, and subsequently Joseph W. Ager. After suitable preparation, Dexter Moody and E. T. Wood were appointed Elders, and C. Williamson and William Lockwood, Deacons. On the tenth of May, 1838, the corner-stone of Christ church was laid by Right Rev. Bishop B. T. Onderdonk, assisted by Rev. William F. Walker, the Rector of the church. The Church originated in a Sunday School, organized in May, 1836, in the house of Josiah Boughton, and the Sunday School was com- menced in the rooms of a Female Seminary kept by Mrs. Maria Richards, in a building on the corner of North Second and Jacob streets. Col. W. T. Willard was superintendent. The Church was organized Dec. 3, 1836, the first service having been held in the 24 1 86 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. latter place in November, by Rev. William F. Walker. The follow- ing persons, on its incorporation, were elected church officers : Elias Lasell and William Osborne, Wardens ; and William Heart, Stephen Broughton, Ralph B. Roberts, Richard S. Bryans, William Gary, Thomas Grenell, Josiah Boughton, and Samuel Dauchy, Vestrymen. On Saturday, June i, 1839, Christ church was consecrated by the Right Rev. Bishop Onderdonk. The Commercial Bank was organized under the general banking law of the State, and began business at No. 5-3- Washington Square. The first officers were: R. D. Silliman, President; S. W. Dana, Vice President ; J. D. Willard, Attorney, and F. Leake, Cashier. The Banks which had been organized under the general banking law of the State, were known, about this time, as Red Dog Banks ; the appellation being derived from the color upon the back of the bills issued by them. On Saturday, August 10th, 1839, Martin Van Buren, President of the United States, visited Troy and was received in the park, and on the part of the citizens, Job Pierson tendered him a welcome to the city. He remained until Monday, when he returned to Saratoga. The new steamboat Troy made its first trip from New York to Troy on the seventeenth of July, 1840. The length of the boat was 294 feet, breadth 61 feet, and cost $100,000. A. Gorham was her first captain. A steel pen manufactory was established in the city, this year, by Zander & Johnson. On Saturday evening, November 14, and on Monday following, two more land-slides occurred at Mount Ida. The first demolished a small house, from which the inmates escaped unhurt. The population of Troy in 1840 was 19,334, an increase of 2,375 in five years. The Fulton Market house was opened in the latter part of the month of May, 1841. The building cost about $30,000, exclusive of ground. The enterprise of some of the Troy manufacturers was requited by orders from the most distant places. In May of this year Eaton & Gilbert received orders from Mexico for seven of their coaches for various stage routes in that country. These were marked,'" Dil- igencias Generales." The coaches of the manufacturers were run- ning in every State of the Union, besides in Mexico, Yucatan and HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY 1 87 Nova Scotia. In October they erected a brick building one hun- dred and twenty feet long by fifty wide, on Sixth street, for the man- ufacture of railway coaches. The first Express company establishing an office in Troy was that of Harnden & Co., in July, 1841. The several routes were to Alba- ny, Boston, New York city and Philadelphia. Jacobs' Express be- tween Troy and Canada was established in 1842. On Monday, July 19th, the new board of directors of the Sche- nectady & Troy railroad met and elected the following officers : Benjamin Marshall, President; William D. Haight, Vice President; and Nathan S. Hollister, Commissioner. James Wallace was ap- pointed agent ; Isaac McConihe, Secretary, and James Laurie, Chief Engineer. Trains began running to Troy about the first of Novem- ber, 1842. It was built by the city, the corporation issuing its bonds at seven, six and five and one-half per cent, interest, to the amount of $649,142. The building of this road began in 1840. A salmon weighing eight pounds was taken in a seine from the river opposite the city in the month of August. It was customary for the election polls during the State elections, to be open for three successive days. They were opened at 10 a. m., and closed at 2 p. m. The African Methodist Episcopal congregation purchased a lot and building on Fifth street in the fall of this year. The building was altered into a place of worship. Another terrible disaster, by which many lives were lost, and houses destroyed, occurred again in the vicinity of Mount Ida in the year 1843. The Troy Daily Whig of the eighteenth of February, 1843, thus details the calamity : " On Friday afternoon (February 17th, 1843,) at half-past three o'clock, a portion of the hill east of the city slid off and overwhelm- ed nine houses ; all of them, with one exception, occupied by fami- lies. At the time of the slide, several men with teams were engaged at the bottom of the bank, carrying off earth ; and narrow- ly escaped with their lives. Not so, however, the unfor- tunate inmates of the dwellings, nearly all of whom were buried under the mass of clay, which covered their houses in several in- stances to the depth of five or six feet — crushing some to atoms, and removing others bodily for the space of several yards. The distance from the commencement of the slide to the outer edge of the deposit of earth which it left, is not far from 200 yards, 1 88 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. the earth having been carried more than five hundred feet over a dead level after it reached the bottom of the hill. The soil being a remarkably unctuous blue clay, is doubtless the cause of the extra- ordinary space which the slide covered. The slide commenced about one hundred yards east of Fifth street, and its southern ex- tremity first encountered two houses adjoining each other on the east side of the street, both of which it destroyed. " The center of the slide was then precipitated on the head of Washington street, overwhelming the buildings on both sides of said street, with the exception of one corner of Washington and Hill streets, which was partially destroyed. The number of houses des- troyed on Washington street was eight. The slide passed down Washington to Hill street, which it crossed and proceeded a few yards beyond it. " The names of the occupants of the houses destroyed, as far as we can ascertain them at present, are as follows : Daniel E. Day, ship carpenter, Robert Henry, contractor, Fifth street, below Wash- ington street ; William Brazell, teamster, Washington, corner of Fifth ; William H. Kilfoile, teamster, Washington ; Zebulon P. Bird- sail, painter, Washington ; William Purdy, mason, corner Hill and Washington, house partially destroyed; Charles Dumbleton, 18 Hill street. " As soon as the alarm was given, the Mayor and members of the Common Council, the Sheriff of the county, together with the city police force, firemen, and hook and ladder companies, repaired to the spot, accompanied by a vast concourse of citizens. Vigorous preparations were immediately commenced for removing the earth above the ruins of the houses which were overwhelmed, and before the lapse of an hour, several persons were taken out alive, and the bodies of several others in which life was extinct. The work of excavating was prosecuted without intermission for several hours, and the following dead bodies taken out according to a list prepared by order of the Common Council : " Mrs. Matthew Grennan and child ; Mrs. William Brazell and two children ; Michael Dunn ; Thomas Keely and wife ; Edward Dumbleton, a lad ; a child of James Caldwell ; two children of Daniel E. Day; Mrs. Ann Wilber; a child of Mrs Gardner; Miss Jane Sanford. " The following is the condition of those rescued : Mrs. Susan Gor- duer and hersisier Maria Deneker, badly bruised; Mrs. Rosa John- HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 1 89 son, badly bruised, her husband is absent, and she is helpless; Mrs. Mary Dunn, an aged woman, badly bruised, recovery doubtful , James Barnett and wife, slightly injured, what property they had was destroyed ; R. Pattison and four children were more or less injured, an arm broken and feet frozen; Jane McCollum, injured. " The scenes which occurred during the exhumation of the living and dead defy all description. " We are informed that the owner of the land on which the slide occurred had frequently forbidden persons taking away the earth from the hill, being fearful of a catastrophe like that which happen- ed. But his orders were disregarded, and the consequence has been the loss of life to fifteen human beings, and the destruction of a large amount of property. The Common Council have acted promptly for the relief of the sufferers, and at a special meeting last evening at nine o'clock, on the call of the Mayor, committees were appointed to provide medical attendance and relief." On the third of June, 1842, Rev. Peter Havermans, the venerable pastor of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, entered upon his mis- sion in Troy. He then became the successor of Rev. Father Shan- ahan, who had charge of the congregation of St. Peter's Church. In 1844, Rev. Father Havermans severed his connection with St. Peter's church, which was then out of debt, to give his undivided attention to the interests of St. Mary's church. On June 29th, 1843, the corner-stone of St. Mary's church was laid. A procession con- sisting of several thousands of the Roman Catholics of the city and vicinity, including 1,100 scholars of the Sunday School of St. Peter's church, was formed at the church at 2 p. m., and marched through River and Second streets, to the site of St. Mary's church, on the north-east corner of Washington and Third streets. The Very Rev. Dr. Power, Vicar General, Rev. Dr. Schneller, Rev. Dr. New- ell, Rev. Mr. McDonough, of Albany, Rev. Peter Havermans, of St. Peter's church, Rev. Mr. Quinn, of West Troy, and several other Roman Catholic clergymen from the river towns were present. The Very Rev. Dr. Power addressed the large audience from the text, John 4 : 24. The occasion was made very impressive by the various exercises of the church, and the ceremonies were very interesting to the large concourse of assembled people. The grounds on which the church was built were purchased of Francis N. Mann. Great opposition was made by the residents of the neighborhood to the erec- tion of this church, who were apprehensive that its location would I9O HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. injure the value of the property in the vicinity. To the membership of the church it became a great benefit, for temperance, frugality, and thrift are in a great measure the distinguishing characteristics of the congregation. On Sunday, June 30th, 1844, the church was consecrated by the Right Rev. Dr. McCloskey, Rev. Peter Haver- mans, the pastor, Revs. Conroy, Farley, and other priests partici- pating. The North Baptist Church was organized June 6th, 1843, by members from the first Particular Baptist Church. The first Trus- tees elected were Gilbert Geer, Isaac Wellington, Joseph C. Taylor, Otis G. Clark, Harvey Smith, Elias Johnson, Evert Ostrander and Abram A. Wemple. While the church was being built on the south- east corner of Fifth and Elbow (Fulton) streets, services were held in the session house on Fourth street. Rev. Leland Howard was the first pastor of the congregation. The corner-stone of the church was laid on the nth of September, 1843. The exercises were: singing by the choir; prayer by Rev. Mr. Haskin, of West Troy. Rev. Dr. Snodgrass delivered an appropriate address, as did also Rev. Mr. Lovell, of the First Baptist church. The closing prayer Avas made by Rev. Mr. Sherman, of the North Second Street M. E. church, followed by an address and benediction by Rev. Dr. Welsh, of Albany. The edifice was dedicated May 23d, 1844. This brick building, costing $15,00°, was destroyed by fire on the twenty-eighth of October, 1852. Among the noted manufacturers of Troy in the year 1843, Isaac Hillman, a maker of razor strops at No. 188 Congress street, had attained a wide celebrity. John Smith, the noted street razor strop man, who established a name in almost every country town in the United States, and secured an ample competence, obtained all of his strops from this Troy establishment. On the 19th of September, Hon. Daniel Webster visited Troy. He came from New York city, and made only a brief stay. A type-setting machine was thus referred to as an invention of a citizen of Troy, in December, 1843 : " J. V. Ford, of this city, has been engaged for several years in bringing to perfection a type- setting and a distributing machine of his own invention, which he has at length completed. The machine is operated by means of keys moving like the keys of a piano-forte — the movement of each key depositing the required letter in its proper place. It will set 180 type in a minute. Mr. Ford will carry the machine to New HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. I9I York, for the purpose of submitting it to the inspection of those who feel an interest in an improved system of labor saving." As early as the year 1832 the'construction of a railroad between the city of New York and Troy was contemplated. A bill was passed by the Legislature the seventeenth day of April, 1832, to incorporate " The New York & Albany Rail Road Company." Among the persons mentioned in the charter were John P. Cushman and Townsend McCoun. The road was to be built from the junc- tion of the Fourth avenue and the Harlaem river on the island of New York to a point opposite or near the city of Albany, " with power to continue and extend the same to the city of Troy." From some unknown cause, the building of a railroad from New York to Albany was delayed until a later period. However, under this act, the northern extension of the road from Albany to Troy was undertaken, and a track laid in the years 1840-41. It was pro- posed at this time to make this road to intersect at Greenbush with the West Stockbridge road, by which Troy would have a direct rail- road connection with Boston, and, via the Housatonic, with New York. This project of the people of Troy was for a time thwarted by the passage of an Act by the Legislature, whereby this section of the road was not allowed to be put into operation, nor cars to run upon it, until two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, in addition to the moneys already expended, were actually laid out on the line of New York & Albany railroad, south of the north line of the coun- ty of Columbia. By the enactment of this law on the nth of April, 1842, the people of Albany hindered for several years the use of the road from Troy to Greenbush, to obtain assistance to help them in the construction of a line of railroad particularly their own. In February, 1844, the following persons were elected directors of the northern extension of the New York & Albany railroad : Stephen W. Dana, Le Grand Cannon, Jonas C. Heartt, Thaddeus B. Bigelow, Horatio Averill, John L. Thompson, and Alsop Weed, of Troy ; William P. Van Rensselaer, Greenbush ; Samuel Dana, Isaac Livermore, Pliny Cutler and Benjamin Reed, of Boston. Stephen W. Dana was chosen President, Jonas C. Heartt, Vice President, and Thaddeus B. Bigelow, Secretary. This association of officers of the northern branch road, was organized under a lease from the New York & Albany railroad company, bearing date the seventh day of February, 1844. During the interval of this embar- rassed condition of the Troy section, a line of steamers was estab- I92 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. lished between Troy and Greenbush, by which passengers and freight were conveyed to and from the railroad depots of the two places. In the following year, the demands of the railroad act being com- plied with, the Troy people secured the passage of the act of May nth, 1845, to incorporate the Troy & Greenbush Railroad. On the twelfth day of June, 1845, the first trains began running upon this road. According to the charter, the road extended from Washing- ton street in the city of Troy, where it intersected the track of the Schenectady & Troy railroad, to the town of Greenbush, where it connected with the track of the Albany & West Stockbridge rail- road. On its completion the trains were drawn by locomotives up through River street to the intersection of King and River streets, where the depot was situated — now the location of the Manufactur- ers' Bank. The offices of the different railroads and steamboat lines were all centrally situated. The office of the Rensselaer & Saratoga railroad was at No. 7 First street, where the Troy Athenaeum building is at present erected. The Schenectady & Troy, and the Troy & Bos- ton railroad offices, together with the offices of the Troy & New York Steamboat association, were at No. 199 River street, now the south building of the drug and chemical warehouses of Robinson & Church. A long passage extended from River street through this building to the rear of it, where flights of steps with several broad landings descended to the dock below. Through this hall, and by these stairs, travellers passed to River street, or to the steamboats at the wharf. In front of the building the cars of the different rail- roads received and landed passengers. On the day line of boats from Troy to New York were the steam- boats Empire and Troy, and on the night line the Albany and Swal- low. On the hourly line between Troy and Albany were the boats John Mason and Jonas C Heartt. After the establishment of these different lines of railroads and steamboats, great numbers of travel- ers passed through Troy, or made it a favorite stopping place on their summer tours through northern New York. The Troy House, kept by Coleman & Rogers, was the customary place of sojourn of southern planters and their families on their way to Saratoga Springs. The Mansion House, of which E. & W. Dorlon were proprietors, had also an excellent reputation. The oldest, most revered and amiable of Troy's distinguished pas- HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. I 93 tors at the present time is Rev. Dr. George C. Baldwin, of the first Particular Baptist Church. He was called to the pastor- ship of this church in the summer of 1844, and has almost uninterruptedly served his congregation through a period of almost thirty-two years. The present large membership of his church, the commendable zeal of the people, and the several other Baptist con- gregations which are the issue of this church, are among a few of the blessings which have crowned and rewarded his labors The Church of the Holy Cross stands fourth in the order of time among the Episcopal churches of this city. This mission church had its origin in a Saturday sewing school begun about the year 1S15, by Mrs. Phcebe Warren, wife of Eliakim Warren, the first sen- ior Warden of St. Paul's church. After the death of Mrs. Phcebe Warren, in 1835, the school was continued by her daughter-in-law, Mrs. Mary Warren, wife of Nathan Warren. To the mind of this pious woman the idea of erecting a free church was suggested, which by her was shortly embodied in a determination to build an edifice the doors of which were to be open, and its privileges free to all. Her generous design met with the hearty approval of her pastor, the Rev. Dr. R. B. Van Kleeck, then Rector of St. Paul's church. The Bishop's consent having been obtained, the corner-stone of the pro- posed mission church was laid on St. Mark's day, April 25th, 1844. At the laying of the corner-stone in the afternoon of this day, an address was delivered by the Rev. Robert B. Van Kleeck. The choral parts of the service on this occasion were performed by the children of the charity school sustained by Mrs. Mary Warren. The following distinguished clergymen were present, some of whom participated in the services of the day : the Right Rev. Bishop On- derdonk, who laid the corner-stone ; Rev. Horatio Potter, D. D. ; Rev. William I. Kipp, of Albany ; Rev. Kendrick Metcalf, of Du- anesburg ; Rev. P. Teller Babbit, Rev. John Williams, Rev. Maun- sell Van Rensselaer, Rev. Alva T. Twing, Rev. W. H. A. Bissell, Rev. Richard Cox, Rev. William H. Hickox, Rev. R. B. Fairbairn, and Rev. Edward Selkirk. A leaden box was deposited in the corner- stone containing a Bible and the Book of Common Prayer, and had engraved upon it the following inscription : " The Church of the Holy Cross was founded in the year of grace 1844, by Mary Warren as a house of prayer for all people, without money and without price. Glory be the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost. Amen " 25 194 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. The church, though opened for the celebration of divine service on Christmas day, 1844, by reason of the peculiar circumstances of the diocese, was not consecrated until Dec. 6th, 1848. The Right Rev. Wm. Rollinson Whittingham, of Maryland, who was performing episcopal duty in the diocese at the time, consecrated it. " The clergy, members of the vestries of the neighboring churches, and other churchmen, met at the room of the school supported by the liberality of Mrs. Mary Warren, and thence walked in proces- sion to the church. On arriving at the door, the prescribed conse- cration service was begun by the Bishop, the clergy aiding in the re- sponse and other parts assigned them. The Instrument of Dona- tion was presented to the Bishop by Stephen E. Warren, Esq., and read by the Rev. John Ireland Tucker, the minister of the church. The sentence of Consecration was read by the Rev. Benjamin I. Haight, D. D., Professor of Pastoral Theology and Pulpit Eloquence in the General Theological Seminary. " The act of consecration having been completed, Rev. R. B. Van Kleeck, Rector of St. Paul's church, Troy, commenced the morning service ; the first lesson was read by the Rev. Samuel L. Southard, Rector of Calvary church, New York, and the second by the Rev. Richard Cox, Rector of Zion church, New York. " The intoning of the service commenced with the Versicles after the Lord's Prayer, according to the use of Westminster Abbey, the Rev. John Ireland Tucker, officiating. The Proper Psalms were chanted antiphonally. The Litany was chanted by Rev. Messrs. Tucker and Shackelford, the choir making the responses, accom- panied by the organ. " In the ante-communion service, the Rev. Reuben Hubbard, Rector of St. Stephen's church, Schuylerville, Saratoga county, read the Epistle, and the Bishop the Gospel. Bishop Whittingham preached a sermon, the great object of which was to vindicate the practice of consecrating edifices to the worship of Almighty God." On the ensuing morning, (Thursday, Dec. 7th,) at the Church of the Holy Cross, the Bishop admitted to the priesthood the Rev. John Ireland Tucker. Under the able ministry of Rev. Dr. Tucker, the church has for almost twenty-eight years fulfilled the mission designed for it by its founder. In 1846, a special act of incorpo- ration was obtained from the Legislature for the church, which had previously been known as the " Warren Free Institute." The altar-piece " The Taking Down from the Cross," was painted HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 1 95 and presented to the church by Prof. R. W. Wier, of West Point. The windows, the chimes, the organ, and the land upon which the buildings are erected, are the gifts of the children of the founder. During the war, the clock was presented to the church by Major General Schriver, the son-in-law of Mrs. Warren. During the years 1842-43, the congregation of the North Second Street Methodist church was greatly disturbed by the ministrations of Rev. Merritt Bates. Besides introducing the subject of aboli- tionism into the pulpit, he was neglectful of his proper work, which soon caused dissatisfaction among the members and threatened the peace and unity of the church. Although tried before the Confer- ence for misconduct, he was not found guilty of the charges, but was assigned to a charge at Rensselaerville, Albany Co., which he soon resigned, and severed his connection with the Methodist Epis- copal Church. With a number of his friends in the North Second Street church, who left that congregation, he formed a new body in the year 1844, and adopted the name of the True Wesleyan Metho- dist Church, of Troy. The church of this congregation was a wooden building on the east side of Federal street, between River and North Second streets. The congregation was in a few years broken up, and its members returned to their former connection in the Methodist churches of the city. The situations of the different churches, and their pastors, in 1844, were as follows : First Presbyterian church, First street, between Congress and Fer- ry streets. Rev. Nathan S. S. Beman. Second Presbyterian church, Sixth street, corner of Grand Divi- sion. Rev. C. Wadsworth. Second Street Presbyterian church, between Congress and Ferry. Rev. E. W. Andrews. Fourth Presbyterian church, Elbow street, corner of Fifth. Rev. S. G. Spees. Scotch Presbyterian church, Seventh street, between Albany and State streets. Rev. Peter Bullions. Liberty Street Presbyterian church (colored,) Liberty street, be- tween Third and Fourth streets. Rev. H. H. Garnett. Congregational church, Seventh street, between Albany and State streets. Rev. Fayette Shipard. Dutch Reformed church, Fourth street, between State and Alba- ny streets. Rev. R. Wells. I96 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. St. Paul's Episcopal church, corner of State and Third streets. Rev. R. B. Van Kleeck. St. John's church, corner of Third and Congress streets. Rev. R. Cox. Christ church, North Second street, between Federal and Jacob street. Rev. R. B. Fairbairn. Church of the Holy Cross, Eighth street, head of Grand Division street. Rev. J. Ireland Tucker. First Baptist church, Third street, between Congress and State. Rev. George C. Baldwin. Second Baptist church, Ferry street, between First and Second streets. North Baptist church, corner Fifth and Elbow streets. Rev. L. Howard. The Disciples worshiped in a building No. 221 North Second street, above Hoosick, known as Moody's church St. Peter's Roman Catholic church. North Second street, corner of Hutton street. Rev. Francis Donohue. St. Mary's Roman Catholic church, corner Washington and Third streets. Rev. Peter Havermans. State Street Methodist Episcopal church, between Fourth and Fifth streets. Rev. J. Covell. North Second Street Methodist Episcopal church, corner North Second and Jacob streets. Rev. S. L. Stillman, 1845. Zion Methodist (colored,) Fifth street, near Liberty. Rev. R. Noyes. True Wesleyan Methodist church, Federal street, between North Second and River streets. Rev. M. Bates. An Act to incorporate the Troy Gas Light Company was applied for in January, 1845. The directors named in the bill were Stephen Warren, David Buel, Daniel Southwick, Amos S. Perry, 5 * Philander Wells, George F. Lee, and Joseph Battin. The two latter, Lee and Battin, were manufacturers of gas in Philadel- phia, and were to take a large amount of the stock should the com- pany be organized The Troy Gaslight Company was not charter- ed until Feb. 16th, 1848. The organization was effected March 15, 1848. The first officers, elected April 5th, 1848, were: Daniel Southwick, President ; Jonas C. Heartt, John A. Griswold, William Samuel Sands, J. T. McCoun, E. Thompson Gale, George B. War- ren, Charles Dauchy, and Lemuel H. Davis, Directors. The com- HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 1 97 pany began operations in October, 1S4S. The capital stock was placed at 8100,000, of which $11,000 was taken by the citizens of Troy, and the remainder by the Philadelphia manufacturers. In April, 1850, five miles of mains had been laid, sixty-one street lamps, and thirty-two private residences, together with several churches, were lighted with gas. From statistics it appears that in the season of 1844, the number of vessels trading to and from Troy, and running on the river during the season of navigation, was : 8 Passenger steamers, owned in Troy, of 4,028 tons. 10 Towing " " " 2,775 " 24 Freight Barges, 7,256 " 77 Masted Vessels, 6,253 " 119 20,312 In the year 1845, two murderers suffered the penalty of the law. On Tuesday afternoon, January 28th, William Miller, a German, was hung in the hall of the upper story of the jail, in the presence of the Sheriff and about fifty citizens, for the murder of George West, a German, in Sandlake. Henry G. Green, twenty-two years old, convicted of the murder of his wife by poison, was executed in the jail on Wednesday, September 10th, at 4 o'clock, p. m. Mathematical and philosophical instruments were manufactured in Troy at this early day, by Phelps & Gurley, 319 River street, five doors below Washington Hall. From this establishment originated the present extensive manufactory of civil engineers' and surveyors' instruments of W. &: L. E. Gurley. The night boat Swallow from Troy to New York, on Monday night, April 7th, at eight o'clock, struck a ledge of rocks opposite Hudson, a short distance north of the village of Athens. The scene on board the steamboat, when she struck, is thus described by one of the passengers : " At the first severe shock, the passengers rushed below, but their fears were calmed for a moment by the out- cry that we had only come in contact with a raft. But our ears were speedily assailed by the appaling sounds of the rending of timbers and the evident destruction of the boat, while the stern settled with frightful rapidity. Those who had retired in the after cabin had barely time to leap from their berths before the water was upon them. You can imagine the horrors of the scene at this mo- I98 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. ment, when more than three hundred souls were thus exposed, in the midst of falling snow and almost utter darkness. As the water reached the boiler fires, a sheet of mingled steam, smoke and flame poured into the boat, illuminating the ghastly countenances with a sudden glare of vivid light, and completing the consternation. The conviction that the curse of fire was to be added to our other im- minent perils, chilled the resolution of the stoutest hearts. But the rapid sinking of the boat extinguished the fires, and all was dark- ness again. In less than five minutes the stern rested on the bottom, the water being above the windows of the aft saloon state rooms." The hull of the boat broke near the forward gangway. The bow of the boat ran to the very top of the rock. The passengers who were fortunate in escaping death were extricated from the stateroom on the promenade deck by cutting through the roofing. The steamers Rochester and Express came to the relief of the passengers, and took them on board. The following persons lost their lives by this accident : Two Misses Wood, of Albany ; Mrs. Coffin, West Troy ; Miss Briggs, Albany street; Miss Spencer, of Troy; William Davis, Al- bany ; Mrs. Conklin, Bennington, Vt. ; son of General Mather, New York ; Peter McCarroll, Mrs. Lambertson, Jamaica, L. I. ; Mrs. Bassett, Herkimer county; Mrs. Catharine T. Parker, Utica ; Mrs. Gelson, Schenectady. Lost and bodies recovered, 13 ; lost, not re- covered, 1. The Swallow made her first trip to Troy, August 8th, 1836, Cap- tain McLean being in command of the vessel. A Unitarian congregation was organized in July, of this year, in the Court House. The first denominational services were held the first day of June, Rev. H. F. Harrington, of Albany, officiating. On the thirteenth of the succeeding month, a meeting was held and a committee appointed to obtain subscriptions and to procure a per- manent place of worship. In August, a building near the corner of Fourth street and Broadway, first used by the Presbyterian con- gregations of First and Sixth streets as a session house, and for evening meetings, was purchased. The first Trustees were chosen on the first day of October following. In August, Rev. John Pier- pont began his first pastoral labors in this charge. He remained in Troy until August, 1849. In the fall of 1846, the church building was enlarged. In April, work began on the ground purchased for the erection of HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 199 the Troy Savings Bank building. When the edifice was almost com- pleted, August nth, 1845, John W. Brooks, while examining one of the cap stones which had been hoisted in position, fell from the platform to the pavement below, crushing his skull and meeting an instantaneous death. In the year 1845, Troy had 76 lawyers, 25 physicians and 19 clergymen. There were twenty-five churches in the city, not in- cluding one partly constructed. These were divided among the denominations as follows : four Presbyterian, four Episcopalian, three Baptist, one Friend's, two Methodist Episcopal, one Wesleyan Methodist, one Associate Reformed, one Congregational, two Ro- man Catholic, one Universalist, one Unitarian, one colored Presby- terian, one colored Methodist, and two in Albia, a Methodist and a Presbyterian. The stove interest of Troy was represented by the following man- ufacturers, who were then annually making the number of stoves appended to their names : Johnson, Geer & Co., 12,000 ; John Mor- rison, 8,000 ; N. Starbuck & Son, 5,000; Wager & Dater, 5,000; Atwood, Cole & Crane, 4,000 ; and P. Low & Co., about 6,000, which were cast at the foundry of Chollar & Jones, West Troy. At the American Institute, Troy ginghams, manufactured by Benjamin Marshall, at the Ida Mills, took the first premium in 1845. In 1846, a stage, belonging to the Troy and Montreal line, left Troy every morning at nine o'clock, and after stopping three nights on the road, reached Montreal early on the fourth day. Stages left Montreal every afternoon, and arrived in Troy after a three days' journey. This line was known as Dorlon's. Early in the spring of 1S46, Le Grand Cannon & Co. erected a spacious rolling mill on the meadow, a short distance south of the new mill and furnace of Johnson & Cox. These mills gave employ- ment to about three hundred men. Starks & Edson also erected a building on the Poesten Kill for the manufacture of augers and screws. The first telegraphic connection was made with Saratoga Springs on the 24th of July, with New York and the West Sept. 9th, and via New York with Boston, Oct. 6th, 1846. Ezra Cornell, in May, 1847, purchased of the patentees the right to construct a telegraph line from Troy to the northern boundary of the State. This was the first time a company 200 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. had been organized independent of the patentees. The cost per mile was about $200. The steamboat Niagara, from New York to Troy, on Saturday morning, July 31, 1847, when opposite Sing Sing, burst her boiler. Two firemen were blown overboard and seven passengers were se- verely injured and scalded. A favorite place of amusement in Troy, similar to the famous Barnum's Museum in New York city, was Peale's Troy Museum, on the north-east corner of Elbow (Fulton) and River streets. It was open through the day, and at 8 o'clock in the evening the- atrical performances and scenic exhibitions were given. On Satur- day afternoons the plays were adapted to the taste of juvenile visi- tors. " Curiosities of every description, including beasts, birds, reptiles, minerals, fossils, works of art from the hands of the native savage, and the more finished from the civilized artists. Grand Cosmoramas, fifty Burmese figures in their native costumes and dif- ferent castes , superior electrical machines, and admirable paintings of the Great Sea Serpent, were the attractive features of the place The next destructive fire which consumed a large amount of pro- perty in Troy, began at half past nine o'clock on the morn- ing of May 1st, 1848, in a stable attached to and in the rear of Halsted's Mechanics' Hall, near the present site of the State Armory. All the buildings on the east and west sides of River street, between Ferry and Congress streets, to the alley east of River street, were destroyed. " In the stables in the rear of Mechanics' Hall, where the fire be- gan, twenty-four horses were burned, seventeen of them belonging to J Barney (proprietor of the Troy and Albany line of stages,) and seven to Messrs, Halsted. The fire swept off the following buildings on the east side of River street : Mechanic's Hall (Hal- sted's hotel,) owned by D. Gardner and occupied by S. J. & A. C. Halsted. City Hotel, 146 River, (next north) occupied by R. Wheeler. Grocery store, No. 144, H. H. Sears, occupant. The contents were partly removed to the store of Bigelow, Moore & Taylor on the opposite side of the street, which was afterwards de- stroyed. " In J. T. McCoun's buildings, corner of River and Congress streets : No. 150 River street, clothing store, occupied by Levi Sip- perly ; No. 152, Daniel M. Sipperly, clothing store; No. 154, G. P. Wilkinson, clothing store. In the upper part of the building on' HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 201 Congress street, the Northern Star Lodge of United Order of Odd Fellows, No. 10 Congress st., F. Melvin's shoe store ; Henry Met- calf, harness shop; No. 12, J. & J. B. Bayer, shoe store; No. 14, L. B. Gardner, paint shop; No. 16, O. Montague, collar maker, and Coonrad Denniker as a dwelling up-stairs. The upper stories of this building were partly occupied by D. W. Chapman, cabinet maker, and John Connelly, coach lace manufacturer. "Military Hall, owned by George M. Tibbits, and occupied as fol- lows • Seely & Tilley, tinsmiths ; James Jordan, liquor store ; W. C. Atcher, grocer , William Scheler, clothing store ; the upper part was used as an armory by the Troy Citizens' Corps. Attached to the Mechanics' Hall was a barber shop kept by Charles F. Wolf, and the office of the Albany hourly line of stages. " On the west side of River street, the following places were burned or damaged by fire . No. 137, store of Russell & McConihe ; and No 139 store of Russell Sage, were considerably injured ; No. 135, S Bosworth & Son, grocery store, upper part damaged; No. 141 . vacant, owned by John P Cushman , No. 143, flour store of Howland, Bills & Thayer, building owned by the estate of Abraham Howland , also the store of Wm. F. Sage ; No. 145, Bigelow, Moore & Taylor, floui store, building owned by J. N. Willard ; No. 147, flour store, J N. Willard . No. 149, B. F. Town, sail lofts ; Nos. 151 and 153, flour stores of Vail, Hayner & Fellows were somewhat in- pired These buildings were thoroughly fire proof, and it was owing to this fact that the fire was arrested at this point. The firemen of Lansingburgh, West Troy and Albany, did ex- cellent service, and were tendered the thanks of the city in publish- ed cards. The Albany companies dragged their engines for six miles over a heavy road. In recognition of the splendid and heroic services of General John E. Wool during the Mexican war, the Common Council of Troy and the Legislature of the State of New York each voted him the present of a sword. On his return home, in August, 1848, " the committee of the Common Council, Recorder J. S. Olin, Russell Sage and Andrew Watrous, Aldermen ; the committee of citizens, James Van Schoonhoven, Uri Gilbert and «D. T. Vail, , the Citi- zens' Corps in command of Captain A. H. Pierce and staff, A. K. Hadley and James M. Lemon, went to New York on the steamboat Empire, Captain Tupper, on Friday evening, August 18th. On their arrival in New York on the following morning, thev proceeded 26 202 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. to the Astor House, where they were received by General Wool. From the Astor House they escorted the General through the thronged streets, amid the cheers of the assembled citizens, to the steamboat Hendrick Hudson. On the arrival of the Hendrick Hudson at Troy, the General and the escort were joined by the Troy City Artillery, Captain Brintnall. A procession was formed, which escorted General Wool to his residence, No. 75 First street. The following particulars of the public honors bestowed upon Troy's returned hero, General John E. Wool, are given in the Troy Daily Whig of August 24th : " On Wednesday, August 23, the streets of Troy began to be thronged with people, and the morning cars brought the following military companies : Albany Republican Artillery, Capt. Freden- dall ; Albany Washington Rifles, Capt. Triegler ; New York City Guard, Capt. McArdle ; Syracuse Citizens' Corps, Capt. Minard ; Utica Citizens' Corps, Capt. Hart; Saratoga Artillery, Capt. Plunk- ett ; Schenectady Artillery, Capt. Springer. These organizations were received by the Troy Citizens' Corps, Capt. Pierce, and the Troy City Artillery, Capt. Brintnall. "Among the Bands were : Kellogg's Brass Band, of Syracuse ; Cook's Brass Band, of Albany; Aricott's Brass Band, of Utica ; Schenectady Brass Band ; U. S. Arsenal Band, West Troy ; U. S. Band, Governor's Island; Forrester's Brass Band, of Lansingburgh. "Among the military of rank and distinction were the staff of General Wool, Adjutant Winship, and Aids McLean and Totten; the Governor's staff, Adjutant Stevens, Col. Van Vechten and Col. Carman, of Albany; Gen. Storms, of New York, and staff; Major Bogart, Major Mumford and Morgan ; Major Baker and staff from the Arsenal ; Major Cooper and staff, from Albany; Hon. Millard Fillmore, and Hon. C. Morgan, of the State Department. "At 1 1 o'clock, the military and citizens appeared at the residence of General Wool, where he was addressed by Major General J. J. Viele, welcoming him home, to which General Wool replied. The military then passed in review, after which the General took his ap- pointed place in the line, and the procession passed through the city streets, as had feeen previously published. Arriving at the Court House, the General was received by a committee of one hun- dred citizens and the Common Council, with tremendous cheers from at least 40,000 people. The General was then conducted to the stand erected in front of the Court House, where he was ad- HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 203 dressed by George Gould, Esq., in behalf of the citizens of Troy. The Honorable Mayor, Francis N. Mann, then in behalf of the Common Council of the city of Troy, presented him with a splen- did and costly sword. The General in turn replied in a speech of acceptance. The procession was re-formed, and the military organ- izations escorted the General back to his residence, where they were dismissed. " The sword presented to General John E. Wool was manufac- tured by Ball, Tompkins & Black, New York. It was a Roman sword, classical in style, and elegant in workmanship. The mount- ings, hilt and scabbard were of gold, the blade two-edged, broad and straight, two feet four inches long. The hilt was surmounted with a Roman helmet, on which were the figures of Hercules and Mars. On the guard was the following inscription : ' Presented by the Common Council and citizens of Troy, N. Y., to their townsman Brigadier General John E. Wool, as a token of their personal es- teem and of their high appreciation of his gallantry and military ability, as displayed on the bloody field of Buena Vista, the 22d and 23d days of February, 1847.' The scabbard was richly en- graved with battle scenes, arms, banners and other suitable devices, and bore the following impressive inscriptions : ' Queenstown, Oct. 12, 1812 ; Plattsburgh, Sept. 11, 1814; Buena Vista, February 22d and 23d, 1847/ " The presentation of a sword by the State Legislature to General Wool, took place on Saturday, December 30th, 1848. The Gen- eral and his staff, on the morning of that day, left Troy, escorted by the Troy Citizens' Corps and the Troy City Artillery. Ar- riving at Albany, they were met by General Cooper and his staff, the military aids of the Governor, the Albany Republican Artillery, and the Albany Washington Rifles. The procession then proceeded to the Capitol, where his excellency, Governor Young, in an appropri- ate address presented the gift of the State. The sword was manu- factured by Ball, Tompkins & Black, of New York, and cost $1,700 in gold. On Thursday, March 15th, 1849, two murderers were executed in the county jail, — Andress Hall, for the murder of Mrs. Amy Smith, and Barney O'Donnell, for the murder of An- y " tonio Ratto. Hall made a confession, in which he stated that he had killed Noah Smith, the husband of Amy Smith, and also Frank- lin Brown, of Hoosick. 204 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. On Thursday night, May 17th, when nearly opposite Newburgh, the steamboat Empire, Captain W. W. Tupper, coming from New York to Troy, was sunk by a collision with the schooner Noah Brown. Seventeen lives were lost by this accident. Congress Street Methodist Episcopal Church, Ida Hill, was dedi- cated on the 1 2th day of July. The dedicatory sermon was preach- ed by Bishop Hamline, of Cincinnati. The venerable Bishop Eli- jah Hedding, and a large number of Methodist clergymen, were present. Rev. A. A. Farr was pastor of the church, and Rev. Z. Phillips, Presiding Elder. The Stewards were Gardner Howland, George Christie, E. B. Sherwood, A. D. Wilcox and Joseph Hillman. Services were first held in June, 1847, by this congregation in a hired house on the corner of Congress street and Vail's Road. The years of 1845, 6, 7 and 8 were remarkable for emigration. In consequence of the famine in Ireland at this time, many of the emigrants reached America in a starving condition. The ship fever caused much sickness among them, and which, being contagious, prevailed to an alarming extent in Troy among those of the inhabi- tants with whom they were at first allowed to mingle. The city authorities were compelled to erect temporary sheds as hospitals for this class of people, and to isolate them until the fever abated. Sometimes there were as many as two hundred sick persons in these rude buildings. The people being mostly Roman Catholics, were visited and ministered to by Rev. Peter Havermans. To this worthy priest, the erection of a hospital was suggested for the reception of people in like circumstances. By his efforts funds were secured for the erection of a permanent building. On Wednesday afternoon of August 15th, the corner stone of the Troy Hospital was laid. The ceremony was performed by General John E. Wool. On the corner-stone of the building, which is situ- ated at the corner of Washington and Hill streets, is the inscription : "Corner-stone of the Troy Hospital, laid by General John E. Wool, U. S. A., August 15th, 1849." Hon. Henry Clay made a second visit to Troy on Thursday, August 1 6th, 1849, and was greeted by a large concourse of people. The Troy Board of Trade was organized on Saturday evening, October 13, 1849, with the following officers : Day O. Kellogg, Presi- dent ; Joseph M. Warren, 1st Vice President; W. F. Sage, 2d Vice President ; John B. Tibbits, Secretary, and Alfonzo Bills, Treasurer. The committee of reference embraced the following persons : Hiram HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 205 Slocum, George Lesley, Gurdon Grant, Amos S. Perry, Townsend M. Vail, Griffith P. Griffith, Josiah Bouton, B. A. Tillinghast and John A. Griswold. The Directors were : Horace Herrington, Charles T. Coit, H. C. Lockwood, John N. Willard, S. G. Doughty, Arba Read, John Hunter, Ethan Armstrong, R. H. Thurman and George Cross. The meetings of the Board were held in the hall of the Athenaeum building. The following details of the forwarding business of Troy in 1S49, were presented in the Troy Daily Whig, of February nth, 1S50 : " Col. James Hooker, formerly a business clerk with Pattison & Hart, is now the occupant of their store, and is engaged in the for- warding business, and has in his employ the following number of boats, horses and men : n barges, aggregate tonnage, 5,100 ; number of men employed on them 45 to 50. 50 canal boats running to Buffalo, capacity 3500 tons ; 250 men. 29 " " " Rochester, " 2030 " I45 " 16 " " " Oswego, " 1280 " 80 " 25 " " " Whitehall, " 2000 " 150 " The steam propeller "James H. Hooker," on Lake Champlain, of 300 tons burden ; n sail vessels on Lake Champlain, of 1650 tons burden, 60 men ; about 800 horses for towing boats on the Erie canal, with 90 men and 400 boys ; and 200 horses on Lake Cham- plain, with 20 men and 100 boys. " In connection with the Buffalo line of canal boats are six steam- boats and five propellers of the largest class, running on western waters. About fifty agents and clerks are in the offices in New York, Troy, Oswego, Rochester, Buffalo and Whitehall. The magni- tude of the business may be estimated from the fact that it employed last season 1395 men and boys. The canal tolls paid during the season of 1849 by the house were $250,000. It is understood that Pope Catlin of New York, and Richard H. Pattison are connected in this business. " The forwarding establishment of Ide, Coit & Co. has fourteen barges on the river, with a capacity for carrying 48,000 tons per trip, equal to 44,500 bis. flour, or 125,000 bushels of grain. Number of men employed on them 102. Seventy of the largest canal boats plying for freight and passengers on the Erie canal to Rochester and Buffalo, and on the Oswego canal to Oswego — each boat carrying about 75 tons or 700 barrels of flour. Whole capacity for each trip 49,000 barrels flour. About 300 horses are employed, together with 206 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 350 men and 150 boys. They have four propellers on the lakes plying between Buffalo and the principal ports of Lakes Erie, Huron and Michigan, with a capacity of carrying 3,000 bis. of flour, or 325 tons each. Men employed on this craft, 100 ; clerks in the differ- ent offices, 30. The craft employed in the business amounts to 12,000 tons, employs 850 men and 300 horses. " The forwarding business of Griffith P. Griffiths embraces 8 barges, capacity 2,000 tons, on the river between Troy and New York. 40 canal boats, 120 men, 75 boys, and 150 horses. " Silliman & Gardner have in their line 7 barges of 1790 tons, 4 sloops of 615 tons, and employ 28 men and 9 clerks. Freight shipped in 1849 was 45,093 tons. " W. T. Willard employs 17 barges, averaging 200 tons each ; 2 men to each vessel in his Troy and Philadelphia line ; and 6 schoon- ers of 200 tons each with 5 men to each vessel." Early in the summer of 1850, a preliminary meeting was held in the Court House, at which it was proposed to organize a building association. A committee was appointed to draft a suitable ** * constitution, which was reported at a meeting in June, and adopted. On Monday evening, July 1st, the Troy Building Asso- ciation elected the following persons as its first officers: Uri Gilbert, President; Hezekiah Thayer, Vice President; John P. Albertson, Treasurer; Rev. John Smith, Secretary; and as Directors: Thos. B. Carroll, J. C. Spencer, John S. Perry, Gilbert Robertson, George Huckett, John G. Britton, J. U. Orvis, Henry Robbins and John L. Ells. The office of the association was at No. 10 Second street, the rooms of the Mutual Insurance Company. The charter of the Troy & Boston Railroad company was ob- tained April 4th, 1848; previous to which time a corps of engineers under the direction of A. F. Edwards was employed by a committee of citizens to make preliminary surveys of the route. In May, 1849, a few friends of the enterprise commenced procuring subscriptions to the capital stock, which they continued to do until November, when it was deemed advisable to organize a company by choosing a Board of Directors, and a number of commissioners to procure further subscriptions to the capital stock. On Tuesday, November 20th, 1849, the following persons were elected Directors of the road: John E. Wool, George M. Tibbits, D. Thomas Vail, Daniel Robin- son, Charles H. Merritt, Jonas C. Heartt, Elias Johnson, E. Thomp- son Gale, Isaac B. Hart and Stephen E. Warren, of Troy ; Amos HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 207 Briggs, Schaghticoke ; D. S. McNamara, North Hoosick, and L. Chandler Ball, of Hoosick Falls. At a subsequent meeting of the Directors, the following persons were elected officers: Amos Briggs, President; D. Thomas Vail, Vice President; Day O. Kellogg, Secretary and Treasurer. After completing the organization of the company, the necessary articles of the association were filed in the office of the Secretary of State. On Thursday, the 6th day of June, 1850, work was begun on the Troy & Boston railroad. At ten o'clock in the morning, a proces- sion, under the direction of Gen. Viele as marshal, marched from the Court House to the farm lot belonging to the " Bull's Head " farm, a mile and a half from the city. The Troy Citizen's Corps, Capt. Whitlock ; the Troy City Artillery, Capt. Brintnall; the Re- publican Guards, Capt. Burns ; the Lansingburgh Independent Ar- tillery, Capt. Mercer; the Arsenal Cornet Band, Capt. Jones; the Troy City Band, with the President and Directors of the Troy & Boston railroad, the Chief Engineer and assistants, the stockholders and others. Arriving on the ground, addresses were delivered by Hon. A. K. Hadley, Gen. John E. Wool, and the Mayor, Hon. Day O. Kellogg. Gen. Wool with a pick broke the ground, and Mayor Kellogg shovelled the loose earth into a wheelbarrow, which Amos Briggs, the President of the road, wheeled away. After these for- malities, the President of the company made an address. On re- turning to the city, more than a hundred guests of the company sat down to an excellent dinner provided for the occasion at the Troy House. The project of tunneling the Hoosick mountain to the distance of about five miles, was by many persons laughed at as the offspring of visionary minds, and denounced as an absurdity. Nevertheless, its bold projectors began the work, strongly assured of its ultimate success, and of its great utility to travel and traffic when finished. This vast undertaking was thus spoken of by the Oswego Times in June, 1850: " The proposed tunnel connecting the east and the west side of the Troy & Boston railroad through the Green mountains, is esti- mated to be four miles long. Nobody but the Trojans would think of such an exploit." On Monday, June 28th, 1852, the formal opening of the Rutland & Washington railroad, and the Troy & Boston from its junction at Eagle Bridge, took place, and a train with many distinguished indi- 2o8 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. viduals arrived in Troy that evening and partook of a banquet pre- pared for the occasion. In August, the docks a short distance below Albany street (Broad- way) to Division street, were extended twenty feet into the river. The cost of the work was estimated at $13,000. James T. Brady, of West Troy, was the contractor, and William Barton the engineer in charge. Oakwood Cemetery was consecrated on Wednesday, October 16, 1S50. A procession of the various military organizations of the city marched to the grounds, where the exercises were opened with music by the Arsenal Band, prayer by Rev. Dr. Beman, reading of the scriptures by Rev. Robert B. Van Kleeck, singing by the choir of a hymn composed for the occasion by Rev. John Pierpont, ad- dress by Hon. David Buel, Jr., at the conclusion of which Judge Buel declared Oakwood Cemetery to be duly consecrated for burial purposes in the name and by the authority of the officers of the association. Rev. George C. Baldwin pronounced the benediction. The Athenian Lodge of Odd Fellows, at the close of the year, presented to the Washington Monument Association a block of Rut- land statuary marble, three feet long, one foot nine inches broad, and one foot thick, bearing the following inscription : " Presented by the Athenian Lodge, 268, I. O. of O. F., Troy, N. Y." Under the general banking law of the State, the Union Bank of Troy was organized in January, 185 1, with a capital stock of $250,000. The first officers were : Joel Mallary, Presi- dent, John Kerr, Vice President ; Piiny M. Corbin, Cashier. The Directors were : Joel Mallary, John Kerr, W. F. Sage, Thomas W. Lockwood, P. T. Pleartt, Hiram Ingalls, L. A. Battershall, John W. Freeman, Lyman Bennett, Richardson H. Thurman, and David B. Cox. The bank began business in the spring at No. 12 First street. The first number of the Troy Daily Times was issued on Wed- nesday afternoon, June 25th, 1S51. The price of a single copy was two cents. Francis & Thompson were the publishers, and John M. Francis, the editor. The office of the new daily was at No. 5 Can- non Place, up-stairs. The Marshall Infirmary of the city of Troy was incorporated June 20, 1 85 1. It was designed for the accommodation of the sick who were destitute of home comforts and convenient appliances, while suffering from disease or mental malady. It originated with, and to a great extent was endowed by, Benjamin Marsnall. When . \ m M||^.^^ftf I'll' HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 209 built, it consisted of three departments, besides the lying-in apart- ment ; one for those afflicted with the ordinary diseases of human- ity, one for the treatment of pestilent and contagious diseases, and one for the insane. In September, 185 1, Father Matthew, the great temperance mis- sionary, visited Troy, and established among the Roman Catholics several societies. On Sunday, September 21st, he delivered an ad- dress to a large congregation in St. Mary's church. Nearly six thousand people took the pledge to abstain from the use of spiritu- ous liquors. The first through railroad train from New York to Troy arrived in the city on the 19th of December, 185 1. The office of the Hud- son River railroad was located at No. 197 River street. On the first of June of this year the Troy & Greenbush railroad was leased to the above road. This agreement did not include the local busi- ness between Troy and Albany, which was still held by the Troy & Greenbush railroad company. Governor Louis Kossuth, on Thursday, the 3d of June, 1852, was welcomed by a large concourse of people who had gathered to receive him, at Franklin Square, where he arrived in the cars from Schenectady on the morning of that day. At the Court House, Hon. A. B. Olin tendered him the hospitalities of the city. Kossuth and his suite took rooms at the Troy House. In the evening, he delivered a speech in the First Presbyterian church, which was thronged by the citizens anxious to hear the great Mag- yar. On the second of September, the State Bank of Troy began busi- ness in its new banking house on the corner of First and State streets. The capital stock was $250,000. R. J. Starks, who was elected President on its organization, resigned, and Dr. Alfred Wot- kyns was elected his successor. The other officers were Henry In- gram, Vice President, and Willard Gay, Cashier. The organization of the Mutual Bank of Troy, was effected No- vember 24th, 1852, with a capital of $200,000. John P. Albertson was chosen its first President, Joseph U. Orvis, Vice President, and George A. Stone, Cashier. The bank was located at No. 18 First street. The Central Bank of Troy was organized on the 30th of Decem- ber, 1852, at No. 271 River street, with a capital of $200,000. The first officers were : J. Lansing Van Schoonhoven, President ; Vol-> 27 2IO HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. ney Richmond, Vice President ; James Buel, Cashier. The busi- ness of the bank was conducted for a time in the Mansion House block. The Manufacturer's Bank was organized in 1852, and began busi- ness in a building No. 7 State street, with a capital of $250,000. The first officers were : Arba Read, President ; Charles W. Thomp- son, Vice President ; John S. Christie, Cashier. A fire was discovered about two and a half o'clock on the after- noon of October 28, 1852, in a shed in the rear of house No. 24 south side of Fulton street, which communicated to the surrounding buildings and to the car shops of Eaton, Gilbert & Co., on the west side of Sixth street, from which point it crossed the alley between Fifth and Sixth streets, destroying the double wood house of James Hodge, and one in the rear owned by Elisha Lovett. The whole of the block of buildings known as Union Place was burned. The North Baptist church, erected in 1843, was consumed. The loss was estimated at $52,000. The Legislature, on the 20th of June, 185 1, passed an act author- izing the city of Troy and certain railroad corporations to subscribe for and become the owners of stock for the construction of a rail- road through the whole or some portion of the city of Troy. Under this act the Troy Union railroad company was organized. At a meeting of the stockholders of this company, held at the Chamber- lain's office, on Monday, July 21, 185 1, the following persons were elected the first Directors of the association : Jonas C. Heartt, John L. Thompson, Edmund Schryver, L. R. Sargent, Jared S. Weed, Russell Sage, L. G. B. Cannon, James Forsyth, Elias Plum, Martin I. Townsend, Uri Gilbert, D. Thomas Vail and Alexander G. Hal- sted. Subsequently the following officers were chosen : D. Thos. Vail, President ; Uri Gilbert, Vice President ; and James Forsyth, Secretary and Treasurer. In January, 1853, the Troy Union railroad company purchased the Eaton & Gilbert block on Sixth street, for the purpose of erecting a passenger depot. The depot was begun and completed in 1854. The building was four hundred feet long, the span of the arch was one hundred and fifty-one feet, with a rise of thirty feet. The arch was supported by a succession of wooden trusses, about two feet in width and three feet in height. On the 19th of July of that year, the cars upon the Central railroad arrived at and departed from the Union Depot. At the same time HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 2 I I was completed a second bridge adjoining the old Rensselaer & Sar- atoga bridge, for the use of the Union railroad. The drawing of trains through the bridge by horses was abandoned, and thereafter locomotives were attached, and trains passed without stoppage across the river to the Union Depot. The rails of the old track were taken up, the bridge was thoroughly repaired, and that part used by teams and pedestrians. The Market Bank of Troy was organized in January, 1853, with the following persons as officers : Jeremiah S. Hakes, President ; Elias Johnson, Vice President ; A. C. Gunnison, Cashier. Capital stock, $200, oco. The business of the Bank was transacted at 282 River street. Another land slide occurred on Wednesday evening about six o'clock, March 23, 1853. The hill from which it parted was situated east of Fourth street, and in the rear of the old India rubber factory, south of the Poesten Kill. A house occupied by Patrick Martin and his family was situated upon the cross road running from the Hollow road to the First street bridge. As the slide reached the creek, it forced the water over the road, taking with it the house, with one woman, three children and several cows. Fortunately no lives were lost, although the children narrowly escaped drowning. The house was carried a distance of fifteen rod";. By a resolution of the Common Council, May 26, 1853, the follow- ing church bells were made alarm bells for the year. The bells on St. Joseph's church, St. Mary's, Second street Presbyterian, Third street Baptist, St. Paul's, Fifth street Baptist, Sixth street Presby- terian, Christ Church, and St. Peter's Church. The rate of com- pensation was as follows : The ringer of the first bell for a fire was to receive 10s, the second 8s, the third 6s, and all the others who rang as above specified, received each 45-. The precedence of time was to be settled among the ringers. Henrietta Robinson, known as the veiled murderess, on the 25th of May, poisoned Timothy Lannigan, aged 37, and Catharine Luby, by pouring poison into beer which she had them drink in the grocery store of Lannigan, situated on the corner of Vanderheyden and River streets. Mrs. Robinson lived opposite, in a cottage adjoining the residence of Oliver Boutwell on the north. The trial of this woman began on Monday, November 22, 1854, being an adjourned term of the court of Oyer and Ter- miner. Honorable Judge Ira Harris presided; Justices » 212 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Burdick and Newberry being his associates. For the people ap- peared Anson Bingham, District Attorney ; Henry Hogeboom and George Van Santvoord, Esqrs. ; and for the prisoner, Job Pierson, William A. Beach, Martin I. Townsend, A. B. Olin and Samuel Stover, Esqrs. The prisoner was said to have been at one time, a pupil of Mrs. Willard's at the Troy Female Seminary, and known then as Charlotte Wood. Although convicted and sentenced to im- prisonment, she was afterward declared to be insane, and sent to an asylum. The distinguished legal talent represented in this case, and the mystery connected with the former life of the prisoner,, created much interest and discussion at the time of the trial. The opening of the Union railroad and the new depot, which took place on the twenty-second of February, 1854, was celebrated with speeches and a banquet in the upper north and south rooms of the depot building. A train of five passenger cars, with three hun- dred invited guests, together with one hundred and twenty-five members of the State Legislature, came from Greenbush, passing up through the depot, and up the new track as far as Hoosick street, and then, after backing, went up the western turn to the bridge and thence back again to the depot. A collation, prepared by Rich & Bosemon, was then partaken of by about five hundred guests, while Jones' Cornet Band enlivened the occasion with excellent music. Among the distinguished speakers were Gen. Burroughs, of Orleans; Hon. Andrew B. Dickinson, of Steuben ; Hon. George W. Sterling, of Dutchess ; Hon. Charles C. Leigh, of New York ; Hon. Samuel D. Morris, of Kings ; Hon. De Witt C. Littlejohn, of Oswego , Hon. Christopher Morgan, Gen. Orville Clark, from Washington ; Hon. Benjamin Joy, of Tompkins, and others. General Davis, in reply to a speech complimentary to Troy, remarked that it had been at- tributed to Troy that it had always " an axe to grind." "This," he said, "was not true, for Troy's axe was always ground, and always possessed an edge as sharp as a razor." The occasion was very en- joyable, and the various speeches were full of humor, and compli- mentary to the enterprise of the Troy people. The pleased guests returned to Albany in the evening. On August 25th, 1854, an extensive conflagration destroyed two hundred buildings and rendered three hundred families houseless, entailing a loss of $1,000,000 worth of property. The Troy Daily Times of August 26th, thus describes it : " The fire broke out in the brick planing mill on Front street, HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 213 corner of Division, about 1 o'clock, p. m., and a prompt alarm was given. The fire companies, quickly arriving, endeavored to confine the flames to the building, in which the fire originated. Unfortu- nately, a strong northwest wind was blowing, and the fire was soon communicated to the large piles of lumber south of the mill, and to the wood buildings on the east side of Front street. Engine compa- nies were formed in a line to the river south of the fire, to prevent its progress southwardly, but the difficulty in obtaining hose and water, as well as a misunderstanding between two fire companies from West Troy, prevented the accomplishment of the purpose. While the fire was raging, and the whole southern section imperilled, assist- ance was asked for from Albany, by telegraph, and three companies, Nos. 1, 8 and n, arrived from there about three o'clock. Fire com- panies from Waterford, Cohoes and Lansingburgh, also gave good service. The fire ran up the south side of Division to River street, and communicated to the brick row on the west side of River street, occupied by Robert Wasson and others, and it was with difficulty the residences on the opposite side were saved. From this point, it ran down the west side of River street, to the lumber yards below, crossing over the street and setting fire to the residence of Moses I. Winne, below Liberty street, and thence spreading over the entire section of the city from Liberty street down to the alley between Second and Third streets, destroying many valuable residences, to- gether with Edgerton, Sheldon & Osborn's (late Birge's) chair fac- tory, the Troy & Greenbush railroad freight depot and machine shop, Jones & Hitchcock's new and extensive bell foundry, Parmen- ter's machine shop, and other valuable property. " The burnt district covers the west side of River street, including Front street, and the dock and about two-thirds of Pier from Divi- sion to Jefferson street, and east side of River, from Liberty to Jef- ferson streets, and on First street, on both sides, excepting the new St. John's church and two buildings, one on the east side, and one on the west side, from Liberty to Jefferson street ; also in- cluding the alley between First and Second streets, on the west side the same distance, with the exception of Jason C. Osgood's stable in the rear of his dwelling, and on the east side of the alley burning the stables in the rear of H. B. Ingalls' dwelling, and a row of build- ings on Adams street from the alley to Second street, also the office of Jas. Brown, on the south side of Adams street, the whole of which is burned over. 214 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. On River street, west side, including buildings on Front street, except lumber offices : I brick steam planing mill, owned by Gibson, of Albany, and occupied by Geo. Quiggin ; I wood building of I. McConihe, occupied by Richard Vanderheyden, corner of Front and Division ; I wood, of I. McConihe, occupied by three families, 2 brick of E. T. Gale, occupants, Robert Wasson and Hosea Leach ; 2 wood, in rear, of E. T. Gale, occupied by four families ; 2 brick, of R. J. Starks, occupants, Ralph J. Starks, Alderman Avery ; I wood, of Calvin Hayner, occupant, S. J. Halsted ; 2 wood, in rear, of Calvin Hayner, four families; I wood, on Front street, of W. J. Peters, two families. North-west corner of Liberty and River — I wood, of Lemuel Brintnall, occupants, Thomas Douglas, Mr. Downing ; corner of Front and Liberty streets, I wood, of Lemuel Brintnall, one family. From River to Front streets — lumber sheds of Brainard & Cottrell, of the Wake Lowery estate ; 2 wood, boarding house and two families ; lumber sheds and offices of C. W. Thompson ; 3 wood, of David Lilis, five families ; lumber sheds and offices of Waters W. Whipple ; also same of Gardner Landon. South-west corner of River and Washington streets — I wood, of Stephen Covell. On River street — 2 wood, of Stephen Bosworth's estate. Front street — 1 wood, of Henry Becker, two fam- ilies ; 1 brick, of George R. Davis ; 1 brick, of James Morrison ; 1 brick, of John M. Peck ; I brick, of James Van Schoonhoven, occupant, Calvin Hayner ; 1 brick, of Sandy Grey, occupant, Conkey Bros. ; 1 wood, of H. S. Hanson ; I brick, of Clark & Co., N. Y., occupant, Lucy Bosworth ; lumber sheds and office of Nathan Taylor. Corner Front and Adams — 1 brick, of John Sheridan. West side Front street and extending to River street — 2 brick, of B. T. Cushman, occupant, Chas. H. Bishop ; Freight house and depot of Troy & Greenbush railroad. On the Pier — furnace and warehouse of R. J. Knowlson, occupied by Noyes & Tillman ; I wood, of Job S. Olin, two families. East side of River street, including west side of alley : 1 brick, of Jacob M. Vanderheyden, occupant, Moses I. Winne ; 2 wood, of David L. Seymour, four families ; 2 wood, of Isaac D. Ayres, two families ; I brick, of Daniels & Co., Boston, occupant, Nathan Taylor ; 1 wood, of Dennis M. Fitch, occupant, L. Egerton ; lumber sheds and offices of David Buel, Jr., oc- cupants, G. Landon & Son. Corner of Washington and River streets — 1 brick, of David Buel, Jr., occupant, Harvey Johnson ; opposite corner, 1 wood, Waters W. Whipple ; 1 wood, of David Ellis, two families ; 1 brick, of J. H. Byram ; I brick, of David Ellis ; 1 brick, of H. C. Fay, occupants, H. C. Fay and Geo. R. Davis, Jr. ; I brick, of Church estate, occupant, Josiah Osborne ; 1 brick, of R. D Silliman, occupants, Shaver & Watermyer ; 1 brick, of Austin Granger, two fami- lies ; I brick, chair factory, of Abram Nash, occupants, Egerton, Sheldon & Os- borne, including stores of Main & Co., and William Bumstead ; Troy & Green- bush railroad engine house, 'car house, turn table and wood sheds. On First street, west side, including east side of alley . 1 wood machine shop, of Silas Davis estate, occupant, J. C. Osgood ; I wood, of Silas Davis estate ; I wood, of G. P. Wilkinson, occupant E. S. Randall ; 1 wood, two families ; 1 wood, of Jacob Lane, occupant, Z. E. Fobes ; I wood, of Mrs. Abram Brower, occupant, D. W. Chapman ; 1 brick, of J. C. Mattice ; 1 wood, F. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 215 S. Thayer ; 1 brick, of E. S. Jones ; 1 wood, of Danker estate, occupant, W. S. Cooney. North-west corner of First and Adams street — I brick, of James H. Congdon. Opposite corner — I brick, of J. T. B. White, occupant, Mrs. Miller ; I brick, of Alex. Brown ; 1 brick, of L. J. Rundell ; I brick, of J. C. Thompson, occupant, R. Kenyon and one family ; I brick, of R. D. Bardwell ; I brick, of F. A. Birge ; I brick, of A. C. Daniels ; I brick, of Charles Brownell, occupants, Charles Brownell and A. P. Osborne ; I wood, of Charles Brownell, two families ; I brick, of J. H. Byram, occupant Francis Drake and C. C. Greenwood ; I brick, of George Whitney, occupant George Whitney and George Granger ; on alley — r brick, of John M. Peck, ten families. Corner of Adams and First street — I brick shop of John M. Peck, occupant F. W. Parmenter ; I brick bell foundry, of Jones & Hitchcock ; I carpenter shop of Charles Brownell ; on alley — 2 wood of Widow Stevens, two families ; 1 wood, of Edward Knowles, two families ; I wood, of John P. Albertson, two families ; I wood, of John Flynn, two fami- lies : I brick, of David Lytle ; I dwelling on alley, two families ; I brick, of Job S. Olin, two families ; I brick, of Job S. Olin, on alley, four families. First street, east side, including west side of alley : I brick, of Jason C. Osgood ; I wood, of H. H. Sears ; I wood, on the alley, of H. H. Sears, two families ; 1 wood, of J. P. Albertson, occupant, C. Brewster ; 1 wood in rear, of J. P. Albertson, two families ; 1 wood, of John P. Conkey, two families ; 3 wood, of Charles O. Goodrich, Brooklyn, five families ; I brick, John Young ; 1 brick shop on First street, of D. & W. McGuire, and dwelling on alley, four families ; 2 brick, of Henry Hilke, four families ; 1 brick, of Arthur Mooney ; I brick, of Ira Whittaker, occupant Mr. Holmes ; I brick, of Gardner Landon ; I brick, of E. S. Brainerd ; I brick, of Charles Bishop ; I brick barn, of Buswell & Porter ; I brick, of John Oliver ; I carpenter shop of Moses Upham. First street — 1 wood, of Moses Upham, four families ; I brick, of H. Van Rensselaer, four families ; I brick, of Mr. Nicholson, occupants, himself and two families ; I carpenter shop of Z. E. Fobes & Co.; I brick, of Volney Richmond, three families; 1 wood, of Wm. Ayres, himself and five families ; 1 brick, of Mrs. Riley, herseif and three families ; I brick, of H. W. Koons, four families Second street, west side and east of alley : 3 wood, of James Brown, five families ; 1 brick, on Second street, corner of Adams, of John Mcintosh, occupants himself, David Stewart and four families ; 1 brick, of S. Robinson, two families ; 1 brick, of S. Robinson ; 3 brick barns. Liberty street, south side : I wood, of Daniel Lucy ; 1 brick, of Daniel Lucy, two families ; 1 wood, of Skin- ner Fletcher's estate, two families. Washington street, north side : I wood, of E. B. Wheeler ; I wood, of Gilbert Reiley, occupant George Bon- tecou. Washington street, south side : 1 wood, of Hosea Leach, occupants, E. D. Waldron and Owen Bird ; 1 brick, of Sylvester Norton, occupants Norman Tuttle and Samuel Cottrell. The total loss was estimated at one million of dollars. During the conflagration, a large fire-brand lodged on the top of the frame- 2l6 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. work of the steeple of St. John's Church, which threatened to set the building on fire. A brave man, named James Stantial, in the employ of Norton Sage, ascended to the dizzy height, and grasping the hot brand, threw it to the ground, and thus saved the church. The fire desolated a space of thirty acres. The weather was warm, and the firemen labored at great disadvantage. The progress of the fire was stopped at 6 o'clock, p. m., having burned nearly five hours. The sufferers by this fire, as the unfortunate people of former and similar calamities, were aided and ministered to by generous givers in the city and by distant benefactors. 0UHIT DiWJSIIOT.. Auc. 25. 1854 C A N A L A V £ f* V £ CHAPTER IX. From the Large Fire of 1854 to the Great Fire of 1862. In the spring of 1853, a number of Presbyterians determined to build a church in the southern section of the city, and in the follow- ing month of August began the erection of a suitable edifice on a lot opposite Washington Park, fronting on Second street. In July, 1854, a room in the building having been complet- ed, services were held in it, and a Sabbath School organized. On the 24th of August, the Troy (O. S.) Presbytery organized the Park Presbyterian Church, with twenty-three members — individuals for- merly connected with the churches in the upper part of the city. The day after the organization of the church, the great fire occurred, and all the families connected with the new congregation, except four, were deprived of their homes. The building was once on fire, but by the persevering exertions of some of the members and firemen, it was saved. For a time the impoverished condition of the church, and the removal of its members, delayed the progress of the work on the building and hindered the growth of the organization. How- ever the difficulties were overcome, and the main building completed, and the church was dedicated and open for worship on December 31st, 1854 — the last Sabbath of the year. In the spring of 1855, Rev. Charles S. Robinson was called, and installed in June as Pastor of the congregation. The North Second Street Methodist Episcopal Church which had been erected during the year 1854, was dedicated on the 29th of December. Bishop Janes preached the dedication sermon, and Rev. Mr. Hatfield of Brooklyn, Rev. Stephen D. Brown the pastor, and Rev. H. W. Ransom, of Troy, assisting in the exercises. The edifice was built of brick, and was erected on the site of the former build- ing. The skiff ferry boat plying between the steamboat dock and the foot of Green Island, about seven o'clock on Friday morning, Octo- ber 13, 1854, capsized near the middle of the river with seventeen persons on board. Many of them could not swim, and eleven were 28 2l8 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. drowned. The upsetting of the boat was caused by the sudden rising of those aboard, in order to prevent the swells of the steamer Alice, which was passing at the time, from overflowing the skiff and wetting the clothing of the passengers. In the month of September of this year, a Russ pavement was laid on First street from River to Ferry, by Russ & Co., under the super- intendence of William Barton. Parts of Congress and State streets were also paved, as was River street after the removal of the rail- road tracks. The Troy Dramatic Building Association, of which James R. Fonda was President, and Charles Warner, Treasurer, having pur- chased lots Nos. 10 and 12 on the east side of Third street, began the erection of a theater in May, 1855, which when completed in October was named the Troy Adelphi. In July, 1852, the congregation of St. John's Episcopal church, which had for many years worshiped in the old St. Paul's church building, corner of Congress and Third streets, sold the property to Gardner Rand for $9,000, and began the erection of a new church structure on the south-east corner of Liberty and First streets. On Saturday, June 18, 1853, the corner-stone of the building was laid by Bishop Wainwright, assisted by Rev. R. B. Van Kleeck, Rev. Mr> Starkey, Rev. J. I. Tucker, and Rev. Edward Lounsbery, the Rector of the parish, Rev. H. Potter, of Albany, Rev. Nicholson, of Waterford, Rev. Samuel Buel, of Poughkeepsie, Rev. Hollinsworth, of Lockport, Rev. Cady, of West Troy, Rev. Cooke, of New York, Rev. Musgrove, of Mechanicville, and Rev. Downing, of Stillwater. The following articles were deposited in the corner-stone : a Bible, a book of Common Prayer, a journal of the General Convention of 1850, a Church Almanac of 1853, Sword's Almanac of 1853, a copy of the Spirit of Missions, and a sketch of the history of the church. On the 31st of May, 1855, the church being completed, the Right Rev. Horatio Potter, D. D., LL. D., Provisional Bishop of the Dio- cese, performed the act of consecration. The services were of a deeply interesting character, and brought together a large body of clergymen, among whom were two of the former rectors, Rev. Richard Cox and Rev. Edward Lounsbery. At this time Rev. Richard Temple was rector of the church. In 1856, Hiram Slocum was elected Mayor of Troy, and in his _ inaugural address, he advocated the annexation of Lansing- ** * burgh and Troy. A bill for the consolidation oi the two HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 219 places passed the Assembly, but was not signed by the Governor, and failed to become a law. Among the last of the meetings of the Friends' Society of Troy, was one held in their meeting house, corner of State and Fourth streets, on the evening of September 2d, 1856. At this meeting, which was attended by about sixty persons, Rachel Hicks spoka j from the text, " It is better not to have known the truth, than to know it and prove unfaithful to it." Reuben Baker, from abroad, also made an address. A proposition was made to the citizens of Troy, at a meeting held in the Court House, on Thursday evening, Jan. 5th, 1854, by a num- ber of individuals who were engaged in establishing a college at Charlottesville, N. Y., to remove the institution to the city, and to bring with it $100,000, provided the people of Troy would raise an equal amount of money for its endowment. At this meeting, Hiram Slocum was called to the chair ; Isaac McConihe, L. A. Battershall and George Hicks were appointed Vice Presidents, and Joseph Hillman and G. M. Selden, Secretaries. Rev. L. Barber made a statement of the plan, following which a committee of conference was appointed, consisting of Hiram Slocum, Rev. George C. Bald- win, J. A. Millard and Thomas B. Carroll, who were to report to an adjourned meeting at the Court House, June 10th, 1854. The committee reported favorably, and another committee was there- upon appointed to solicit the necessary money for the erection of a suitable building, and for the endowment of the institution, which was to be unsectarian in character. During the years 1855 and 56, subscriptions to the amount of $200,000, in part payments, were obtained. Under such favorable prospects, the erection of a building was commenced in the fall of 1856, on the hill east of the city, now known as Seminary Hill. On the first day of October, a large concourse of people, and about one hundred clergymen of various denominations, assembled to witness the laying of the corner-stone His Honor, Mayor Slocum, called the assemblage to order. Prayer was then offered by Rev. Dr. Smalley, which was followed by an appropriate address by Rev Dr. George C. Baldwin. The corner-stone was then laid. In conse- quence of a storm, the people re-assembled in the North Baptist church, and listened to other addresses pertinent to the occasion. The school was opened Sept. 8th, 1858, as the Troy University, under Rev. John McClintock, D. D., as President, with about sixty 220 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. students. In July, 1862, the first class graduated. The financial difficulties which embarrassed the institution began in 1857, when the monetary affairs of the country were straightened and business gen- erally prostrated. Many of the individuals who had written their names for large amounts, were found insolvent and wholly unable to pay. Various means were resorted to, to keep the institution from bankruptcy, and to sustain its credit. All the efforts, however, were unsuccessful, and the Troy University, with the adjacent land, was sold, in October, 1862, by Nelson Forsyth, referee in a suit by the Union Bank for the foreclosure of a mortgage of $1 1,000. The firm of Peck & Hillman, real estate brokers, purchased the property at a bid of $7,000, the aggregate sum of the liabilities being over $55,000. After its purchase, this firm, in a card published Dec. 2d, 1862, stated to the people of Troy " that the Troy University can be retained for the purpose for which it was intended, provided the citizens of Troy and vicinity come forward and make liberal sub- scriptions. We purchased the property expecting to hold it only a few days, but have held it, to our disadvantage, more than a month. We have paid most of the debts against it, amounting to a much larger amount than was supposed. There are other debts which will probably be paid by us. It will then have cost us nearly $60,- 000. We have contracted to sell it at that price, provided our peo- ple do not come forward and redeem it the present week. The fol- lowing subscriptions have been made, conditional upon its being endowed by Daniel Drew, of New York : Mrs. Betsey A. Hart, $2,000; Lyman Bennett, $1,000; L. A. Battershall, $1,000; David Cowee, $1,000; W. L. Van Alstyne, $1,000 • Peck & Hillman, $1,000, and G. Howland, $500." This proposition not meeting with a proper response, the build- ings of the Troy University, together with thirty three acres of val- uable land, on the 6th of December, 1862, was transferred by deed to Rev. Peter Havermans, for the sum of $60,000, and was shortly afterward converted into a Provincial Theological Seminary of the Roman Catholic Church, under the supervision of Archbishop Hughes. The financial embarrassments and money crisis of the year 1857, caused all the banking; institutions of the country to sus- 1857. . ° J pend specie payments. The following action was taken bv the Troy banks : 44 At a meeting of the representatives of the Banks of Troy and HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 221 vicinity, held Wednesday morning, October 14, 1857, the following preamble and resolutions were unanimously adopted : " Whereas, we are advised that the Banks of New York and Al- bany have suspended the payment of specie across their counters ; it is therefore " Resolved, That the Banks of the city of Troy and vicinity adopt the same measure. A. Wotkyns, Chairman. " Charles P. Hartt, Secretary." Rev. Dr. Nott, ninety-two years of age, preached in the Second Presbyterian church, on Sunday, February 14th, 1858 This eminent divine was assisted to and from the pulpit by the officers of the church. In the month of July, John Morrissey, the celebrated pugilist, then a resident of Troy, was in training at the Abbey, in Lansing- burgh, for his challenged encounter with John C. Heenan, formerly of West Troy. The Troy Daily Times thus describes this cham- pion of the ring : " He wears a pair of shoes in the morning weighing five pounds each, with which he walks two miles into the country and back. After his return he takes a row on the river of an hour's length, and then practices on the sand-bag and with his trainer. The evidence of hard work is plainly visible upon his person, and the diminished size to which he has been reduced, very unfavorably strikes the ob- server. A number of gentlemen remarked, as he came out of the house, that he looked ' like an ordinary sized man,' and some could scarcely be made to think that the person they were gazing upon was the redoubtable Morrissey. His features and hands are brown- ed by a substance which is used for hardening the flesh, and this alone has very much changed his whole appearance. The luxuriant growth of whiskers which formerly adorned the face of the cham- pion is now all gone, and even the hair on his head is kept down close to the poll. He wore a slouched hat and quite ordinary clothes, and looked like a backwoodsman from Grafton, or a hardy helper to some farmer, tanned by exposure to the sun, and worn down by hard work." On the evening of March 17th, 1859, the land upon the edge of the hill east of and in the rear of St. Peter's College gave way and slid down upon the unfinished building, carrying away the central portion, leaving it little else than a shattered wreck. The corner stone was laid in 1858, and the contractors had complet- 2 22 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. ed the building as far as the second story, and from $12,000 to $15,000 had been expended upon it. A terrific explosion of a meteor in the vicinity of Troy, on the morning of August nth, 1859, is thus detailed by the Troy Daily Times of that date : "About seven o'clock in the morning, while the sky was perfectly cloudless, while hardly a breath of air was stirring, while not a sin- gle indication prevailed of a natural commotion of any sort what- ever, there was a terrific, shocking, detonating report, accompanied apparently by two sharp echoes. It was as if the sound had come from the sky, but there were no clouds, not a single indication of the prevalence of electricity, and that explanation could not be enter- tained. The force of the concussion was so great that houses were shaken; that persons walking in the streets felt the ground vibrate underneath them; that men who had just commenced work upon buildings instinctively dropped their tools, and looked about to see what was the matter; that little children were frightened and asked many strange questions of their parents. All sorts of rumors pre- vailed, but there was no explanation of this wonderful phenomenon. "John P. Ball, County Clerk, residing in Pittstown, a perfectly honorable and reliable gentleman, stated that just after finishing his breakfast, while standing in his door yard, he -observed a bright light in a southerly direction from his house, over the town of Grafton, and descending very rapidly to the ground in a north-westerly course. This was about 7.20 a. m. Mr. Ball last saw it when about half a mile above the earth, when it disappeared, and in a moment or more he heard an explosion. It was very loud and resembled thunder. He had previously called his family to view the meteor, and they all observed the light and heard the explosion. Mrs Ball insists that there were three separate explosions, one much louder than the others, and in support of the statement, Mr. Ball says he saw three distinct clouds of smoke in the track of the meteor, which appeared to be a mile or more apart. The smoke was visible for some time, but was finally lost to sight. The meteor appeared to be at a dis- tance of about twenty miles from Mr. Ball's residence, and looked like a large sized sky rocket. "It was heard at Schaghticoke, Bennington, Eagle Bridge, Green- bush, Schodack and other neighboring places. At Albany a stone fell against a barn, showing it to have been a meteor." The first trial of a steam fire engine was made in Troy, November HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 223 7th, 1859, at the foot of Division street. An association had been formed for the purpose of demonstrating the feasibility of using steam apparatus for service in extinguishing fires in the city of Troy; and to form a company for the purpose of purchasing and putting into effective use a good and efficient steam fire engine. This com- pany was organized distinct from the fire department, and controlled it's own affairs and selected its own officers, and all property pur- chased was to be that of the association. The following named persons were some of the members of the association : Arba Read, E. A. Crandall, Thomas A. Tillinghast, F. Drake, C. N. Lockwood, E. Waters, S. W. Dauchy, William H. Young, Charles R. Richards, Reuben Peckham, George Babcock, John S. Holden, C. S. Warren, John L. G. Knox, Lawrence L. Becker, J. M. Warren, Harvey Smith, Willard Gay, David Cowee, John Anthony, Edward Chapin, S. S. Dauchy, E. Thompson Gale, W. E. Hagan, C. W. Tillinghast, C. L. Richards, L. L. Southwick, Joseph W. Fuller, James Morrison, Jr., Robert M. Taylor, William Barton, Joseph Hillman, Lewis A. Rous- seau, George C. Hall and D. N. Ellis. The engine on trial was the manufacture of Lee & Larned, of New York. On the 28th of March, i860, the Arba Read Steam Engine Co. No. 1 received its engine from the Amoskeag Works, of Manchester, N. H. On its arrival, it was drawn by a number of citizens to the Division street wharf, where fire was kindled under her boiler, and water passed through the engine for the purpose of cleaning it. A one and five-eighth inch pipe was attached, and without endeavoring to work the engine to more than half its power, a stream was thrown to a distance of one hundred and sev- enty feet. The first officers of the company were elected January 9, i860. William Barton, President ; Lewis L. Southwick, Vice President ; Wm. T. Willard, Secretary: Townsend M. Vail, Treasurer; N. B. Starbuck, Captain. In October it was reported that the cost of the engine, hose, horses, and running expenses of the previous six months amounted to $6,000.03. The Arba Read steamer was transferred to the city on the 16th of August, 1861, and placed under the control of the Troy Fire De- partment. About half past three o'clock on Friday morning, December 30th, 1859, in consequence of a shrinkage of the iron girders in the Union 224 ISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Depot building, during the extreme cold weather of the two previous days, the walls on the north-east corner and the north end of the building, together with the arches and columns, fell to the ground, making a complete wreck of the north half of the structure. The south portion of the roof remained intact. During the winter of 1859-60 a spirit of revival spread through the various churches in Troy, and a large number of converts were added to the membership of different congregations. The daily Union Prayer Meetings were largely attended by the people, and were continued until April. The Fifth street Baptist church alone added one hundred and forty-four persons to its membership during this series of revival meetings. At one of the prayer meetings, Rev. Dr. Beman alluded to the moral character of the city when he be- came pastor of the First Presbyterian church, which he said " was no doubt due to the great revival of 1825. At that time, the popu- lation was about 7,000, and to the four churches, the Baptist, Meth- odist, Presbyterian and Episcopal, 800 persons were added." Among the public excitements connected with the history of Troy, that of the arrest of a fugitive slave named Charles Nalle, on Friday, April 27, i860, is quite prominent. The occurrence, as described by the Troy Daily Times, was as follows : " For the first time in ten years, during which the Fugitive Slave law has been in operation, an attempt was made in the city yester- day to execute its provisions upon an unfortunate colored man, who it is claimed owes service to a master in Virginia, from whom he es- caped more than twenty months ago. The effort was unsuccessful. Amid more excitement and turbulence than has in many years been witnessed in this generally peaceful and order loving city, the slave was rescued from the officers of the law, and under an escort of those of his own color, who declared their readiness to defend him, if necessary with their lives, hurried him off en route for Canada. The circumstances were as follows : "Charles Nalle, a bright intelligent negro, twenty-eight years of age, ran off from the plantation of his master Blucher W. Hasbrough, in Culpepper county, Va., on the 19th of October, 1858. By de- grees he worked and traveled northward, until he reached Troy, and for a time worked as a teamster, afterward with William Scram, of Sand Lake, and finally as a coachman for Uri Gilbert While at Sand Lake, Nalle unfortunately revealed his secret to a lawyer named Horace F. Averill, who at different times had written letters HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 225 for him. Averill gave information to the master of Nalle's where- abouts. Hasbrough at once made affidavit of the clue he had of Nalle, and securing an agent named Henry J. Wall, sent him to Troy with the necessary papers for his apprehension. Arriving at Troy, a warrant was procured for the arrest of Nalle from Commis- sioner Beach, which was placed in the hands of Deputy Marshal Holmes, with directions to execute the same. Nalle was arrested by the Marshal, hand-cuffed, and hurried to the office of the U. S. Commissioner. William Henry, a colored man with whom Nalle boarded, and a personal friend of the prisoner, learning of his ar- rest, at once with other friends, proceeded, with Martin I. Townsend as their attorney, to the office of Commissioner Beach. On their arrival they found the case tried and a decision rendered. Martin I. Townsend immediately drew up the necessary papers for a writ of habeas corpus to take the fugitive before Judge Gould. Meanwhile a crowd commenced to gather upon the sidewalk in front of the Commissioner's office, an alarm of fire was sounded, and indications of the storm which was to follow manifested themselves. William Henry harrangued those around. He told them that in the building near which he stood, there was an intelligent colored man confined for no other crime than that of not owning himself; that he had been condemned, and if they looked, they would soon see him brought out to be carried off to the plantations of the South and whipped to death. He asked them whether they were willing to stand quietly by and see the thing done. As he spoke the crowd increased and'so did the excitement. Three or four white men be- came conspicuous in the crowd, in urging and planning for a rescue, and it very soon was made evident that if the prisoner was carried off, it must be by force of arms. " In the room with Nalle, the Commissioner and the claimants, were several policemen. At different periods, colored men, friends of the prisoner, were admitted. Outside, the stairway and hall were besieged by an impatient throng, anxious to obtain admission. Near the window opening upon State street from the hall was a somewhat antiquated colored woman, who at a later period became an active spirit of the melee. She was provided with a signal to prepare those on the outside for an attack, when the prisoner should be brought forth. For the better protection of the prisoner the whole police force of the city, under command of Chief Quinn was ordered to the scene. About four o'clock, the papers of habeas corpus were 29 2 26 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. served,- which directed Marshal Holmes to bring the body of Nalle before Judge Gould. In obedience to this writ, the officer, policemen and prisoner started to leave the room. As Chief Quinn was going down stairs, followed closely by Nalle, in his shirt sleeves and bareheaded, Marshal Holmes being upon one side of him and Deputy Sheriff Upham on the other, the old colored woman at the window gave the preconcerted signal to the crowd outside. "The scene became instantaneously one of great excitement. The moment the officers reached the sidewalk, they were surrounded by the crowd, the inner circle of which was composed of resolute color- ed men who at once commenced a vigorous attempt at rescue. The city policemen were soon separated from the other officers, and left fighting promiscuously in the midst of a crowd of perhaps two thousand persons, who were swaying to and fro like billows, shout- ing, laughing, swearing and fighting. " Near the corner of State and First streets, Deputy Upham was torn from the prisoner, while Marshal Holmes was allowed by mis- take to proceed with the prisoner as far as Congress street. The rescuers, perceiving that the prisoner was not with Deputy Upham, overtook Marshal Holmes, who had him in charge, when the fight was renewed with much bitterness. At this juncture the most con- spicuous person was the old colored woman, who was continually exclaiming, ' Give us liberty or give us death,' and with vehement gesticulations urging on the rescuers. Here the scene became in- tensely exciting. Revolvers were drawn, knives brandished, colored women rushed into the thickest of the fray, the venerable Moll Pitcher of the occasion was fighting like a demon, and the friends of Nalle closing upon the officers, fearless and unterrified. The Marshal and Deputy, maimed by blows from clubs, chisels and other similar weapons, were forced to abandon the prisoner ; and shortly afterward Chief Quinn was also compelled to release his hold upon Nalle. Then two picked men seized the prisoner, and ran down with him to the foot of Washington street, where Nalle jumped upon the ferry boat and was carried over to West Troy. On his ar- rival on the opposite side, Nalle started to run up Broadway, but was soon captured and taken up into the second story of a brick building near the ferry dock. " Ten minutes had hardly elapsed before the steam ferry boat, which had been taken by storm, landed about three hundred of the rescuers at West Troy, among them the ubiquitous Moll Pitcher. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 227 The building was stormed, and the crowd rushed up into the room under a fire from the revolvers of the West Troy officers, seized the prisoner and escaped with him from the building. Nalle, with his devoted friends, fled down Broadway, closely followed by the crowd, and when near the Arsenal wall, was placed in a wagon and driven off westward on the Shaker road. Thus ended the rescue." Nalle, after his escape, was concealed in the woods near Niska- yuna, and afterwards removed to Amsterdam, until in May, i860, when, through the efforts and subscriptions of Uri Gilbert and other citizens of Troy, his freedom was purchased for six hundred and fifty dollars, and he was again at liberty to return to Troy. The Chicago Zouaves, Captain Elmer E. Ellsworth, colonel com- manding, with his company of forty-two men, arrived in Troy on the morning of July 12th, i860. On the following afternoon the company was publicly drilled, at Camp Wool, in the presence of Gen. John E. Wool, his Honor, Mayor Isaac McConihe, Jr., Major Deas, Gen. Allen, Col. Carr, and a large concourse of people. On the evening of Wednesday, July 25th, Hon. Stephen A. Doug- las, of Illinois, then the Democratic candidate for the Presidency of the United States, and Hon. H. S. Foote, of Mississippi, spoke from the balcony of the Troy House to a large assembly in front of the building. In September, i860, the articles of association of the Troy & Lansingburgh Horse Railroad were filed in the office of the Secre- tary of State. The following persons were named therein as the directors of the road : Thomas Symonds, John A. Griswold, Arba Read, Jared S. Weed, J. C. Osgood, E. O. Eaton, William Barton, Leonard Smith and Miles Beach, of Troy ; Peter A. Burden, M. S. Van Buskirk, George A. Lally and F. B. Leonard, of Lansingburgh. The Common Council, on Tuesday evening, July 31, granted the com- pany the right of way through the city. On Monday afternoon, July 15th, 1861, ground was broken by William Barton, the engineer of the company, near the Manufacturers' Bank for the road, and the cars began running in the summer of 1862 A Horse Railroad Company for the purpose of making a road between Troy and Cohoes, was organized Feb. 11, 1862. John A. Griswold was chosen president. The reception of President Abraham Lincoln by the people of Troy, on the 19th of February, is thus described: " Abraham Lin- coln, President-elect of the United States, arrived in this city this 228 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. morning at a few minutes past nine o'clock. The Central railroad cars brought him over the Rensselaer & Saratoga road from Albany via the Junction, on account of the swollen condition of the river, the passage across it in a boat at Albany being considered unsafe. The train consisted of six cars, filled with the suite of the President, the members of the New York Press, the Troy committee of arrangements, the Albany Burgesses Corps, and several gentlemen from Albany. The depot was filled to its utmost capacity by men of all parties, to do honor to the President-elect. There was one vast sea of heads, and the noise and enthusiasm were beyond description. There could not have been less than thirty thou- sand people present in the depot. The Hudson River car prepared to convey the President to New York stood on the middle track with a platform car covered with matiing drawn up in the rear, on which the reception ceremonies were to take place, in the presence of this vast audience. The Citizens' Corps, Capt. H. L Shields, which had been ordered out to do duty, were drawn up on both sides of the open car, to keep back the crowd. The train ran in the depot to the east of the New York train, and a plank being laid from the rear end of the train to the platform car, Mr. Lincoln soon appeared upon it in company with Mayor McConihe. His appear- ance was the signal for applause never before equalled in this city. The Mayor addressed Mr. Lincoln in a brief speech, welcoming him not as a. partizan, but as the future Chief Magistrate of thirty millions of people, and assuring him that he performed a pleasant duty in extending to him the hospitalities of the city. Mr. Lincoln bowed in response, and replied in brief terms. While he was speak- ing, his suite embarked on the Hudson River train, and Mr. Lin- coln, upon the conclusion of his address, was conducted by Vice President D. Thomas Vail, of the Troy Union Railroad Company, to the platform of the rear car, where, as the train moved away, he stood with uncovered head and bowed his acknowledgments to the plaudits of the people. While the train was coming over the Rens- selaer & Saratoga railroad bridge, a detachment of the Troy City Artillery fired a salute of thirty-four guns in honor of the President." The State Legislature, on the ioth of April, 1861, passed an Act to incorporate ' The Children's Home Society," of the city of Troy. The object of the corporation was to provide in the city of Troy a Day Home for such children as from the poverty or vice of their parents were fit objects of this charity, and especially for such of HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 229 this class as were unable or unwilling to attend the ward schools, to instruct them in the rudiments of learning and in work; to furnish them a noon-day meal, if thought advisable, and to endeavor to gain such an influence over the children, both in school and at their own homes, as would tend to their moral and social elevation. While the above were the principal and leading objects of the society, it also had power in extraordinary cases, to furnish a temporary home for day and night to destitute children who should require such tem- porary shelter. The first trustees under under the ace of incorporation were Clarissa S. Kennedy, Eliza R. Potter, Polly Andrews, Nancy Wins- low, Mabel H. Ingraham, Abigail Flagg, Emily F. Heirtt, Sarah S. McConihe, Laura Willard, Phebe M. Buswell, Maria Prescott, Mary W. Barton, Catharine E. Dickerman, Anna B. Albertson, Eliza C. Stewart, Elizabeth A. Burrows, Lorenda S. Ingalls, Ann E. Bigelow, Emma Willard, Betsey Amelia Hart, Sarah B. Tibbi s, Josephine Read, Elizabeth H. Griswold, and Asenath Osgood. This corporate body, it is said, was the first society composed entirely of women legally constituted by the State Legislature to conduct the concerns of its incorporation By an act passed March 5th, 1866, the name of the Childrens Home Society of Troy was changed to the Day Home. The institution was first projected in November, 1858, from which time until the incorporation of the Childrens' Home, it was con- ducted as an Industrial School The property known as the Tibbits mansion, on Congress, corner of Seventh street, was purchased, and was formally dedicated on the 27th of June, 1861. The first great war meeting of 1861, was held on April 16th, in Harmony Hall. Hon. John A. Griswold was chosen chairman of the meeting. After a patriotic address from the President, a com- mittee, consisting of William E. Kisselburgh, Isaac McConihe, Jr., and R. A. Lottridge, reported a series of patriotic resolutions, in which it was declared that Troy would not be behind any of her sister cities in contributing means necessary to defend the Govern- ment and to maintain the permanency of its institutions ; that a regi- ment of volunteers would be at once formed and whose services would be offered to the Executive of the State to be transferred to the support of the Federal Government. The immense concourse of people who could not gain admittance to the hall, induced the meeting to adjourn to the Union Depot, where the large audience 23O HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. was addressed by Hon. Isaac McConihe, Jr., Martin I. Townsend, George W. Demers, Clarence Buel, Gen. John E. Wool, and others. A second large meeting of the citizens was held on Thursday evening, April 18th, in Harmony Hall, to take into consideration the adoption of measures for raising means for the support of the fami- lies of volunteers. At this meeting a committee of five was appoint- ed to wait upon the Common Council to solicit the subscription of $10,000, and another committee of fifteen to digest plans to carry out the objects of the meeting. The Common Council in response to the demands of the committee unanimously voted an appropria- tion of $10,000 to the support of the families of volunteers. In regard to the war feeling and patriotic enthusiasm prevalent in Troy at this time, the following paragraphs from several newspapers illustrates the local sentiment of the people : " Like the Revolutionary period 'these are the times that try men's souls,' and the age is as glorious and patriotic as ever the world saw Everybody is either enlisting under the banner of the Country, urging others to do so, or else furnishing the means to send de- fenders of their Country's honor 'off to the wars.' Union cockades and banners are buttoned or pinned to the hats and breasts of almost every other man you meet." "The services in all the churches on Sunday (April 21st,) partook of the character of the times, and were warlike and patriotic. The lesson and epistle read in the Episcopal churches were appropriate to the occasion, commanding the men of war to come up, beat their ploughshares into swords, their pruning hooks into spears, and in- voked strength to the weak. Rev. Mr. Chapman of St. Paul's, Rev. Dr. Tucker of the Holy Cross, and the Rev. Mr. Potter, of St. John's, all preached patriotic discourses. In Dr. Baldwin's church, Rev. Mr. Axtel preached an able sermon. The Star Spangled Banner and Hail Columbia were played as voluntaries on the organ, and the congregation sang America. Rev. Mr. Robinson of the Park Presbyterian church also preached an eloquent discourse, and the congregation sang a national hymn. Rev. Peter Havermans of St. Mary's church preached a similar discourse, exhorting all good Catholics to sustain the government. An American flag was raised from the belfry of the church on Saturday afternoon, and now proudly waves from its height. At Rev. Dr. Beman's church, Prof. Marvin R. Vincent preached in the morning, and Rev. Mr. Johnson in the evening. The front of the organ was decorated with an HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 23 I elegant shield and the Stars and Stripes, and the front of the clock was emblazoned with a small flag about which were the words 'God save our Fatherland.' Rev. Dr. Sheldon preached an able sermon from the text, ' Fear God. Honor the king.' " Among the Roman Catholics in America, Rev. Peter Havermans was the first one after Bishop Wood, of Philadelphia, to raise the United States Flag over his church, and kept it floating from the belfry until the end of the war. On Saturday, April 20th, the citizens had subscribed $26,000 to provide means of support for the families of volunteers. The first volunteer company offered to and accepted by the State, as stated in a newspaper of April 19th, was the Freeman Cadet com- pany, of Troy, Capt. J. W. Armitage. On the 24th of April, the Patriotic Women's Society of Troy was organized, at the house of Arba Read. The following officers were elected : Rev. Dr. Kennedy, President ; Rev. H. C. Potter, Vice President; Rev. G. F£. Robinson, Secretary ; Mrs. Arba Read, Treas- urer; Drs. Brinsmade, Bountecou and McLean, Surgical Directors; Mrs. Arba Read, Mrs. J. M. Francis, Mrs. Wm. E. Hagan and Mrs. J. S. Southwick, Collecting Committee; Mrs. P. M. Corbin, Mrs. S. S. Dauchy, Miss Anna Plum and Miss Mary Gilbert, Working Com- mittee. On July 9th, the Associate Relief Society of Troy Women was organized at the Female Seminary, and elected for officers, Mrs. Emma Willard, President; Mrs. Duncan Kennedy, Vice President; Mrs. Elias Plum, Secretary; Mrs. Isaac McConihe, Treasurer; and Mrs. Geprge Vail and Mrs. Jacob L. Lane, Finance Committee. The General Relief Association of Troy Women, was organized August 2d, for the purpose of furnishing hospital equipments, and to assist poor females by giving them employment. The officers were, Mrs. John Flagg, President ; Mrs. Jonathan Edwards, Vice President; Mrs. W. E. Hagan, Secretary; Mrs. Julia E. Haddock, Treasurer. The Troy Home Guard was organized May 13th, with the follow- ing officers : John A. Griswold, President ; A. B. Olin, Vice Presi- dent; William H. Young, Secretary; John Flagg, Treasurer; Trus- tees to hold property, Jonas C. Heartt, Arba Read, John B. Gale, George Babcock, John A. Griswold, and A. B. Olin. On Saturday, May 1 8th, the Second New York Regiment, enlisted in the city, and composed of the following officers and companies, 232 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. embarked for the seat of war: Colonel, Joseph B. Carr; Lieutenant Colonel, R. Wells Kenyon ; Major, R. D. Bloss ; Adjutant, Timothy F. Quinn ; Quarter-Master, Charles L. McArthur; Sergeant-Major, Le Grand Benedict ; Surgeon, Dr. Reed B. Bontecou ; Assistant Surgeon, Dr. Le Roy McLean. Co. A. — Captain, J. W. Armitage ; First Lieutenant, Calvin W. Link; Ensign, George A. Hitchcock. Co. B. — Captain, W. A. Olmstead ; First Lieut., T. C. Haddock; Ensign, Lee Churchill. Co. C. — Captain, George H. Otis; First Lieut., S. D. Perkins; Ensign, Wra. H. Pitt. Co. D. — Captain, Michael Cassidy ; First Lieut., John McGuire ; Ensign, John McCaffry. Co. E. — Captain, Geo. W. Wilson ; First Lieut., John H. Quacken- bush; Ensign, T. Wilson. Co. F. — Captain, Sidney W. Park ; First Lieut., James ii. Cross ; Ensign, Henry Harrison. Co. G — Capt. W. B. Tibbits; First Lieut., A. Savage, Ensign, Thomas Sullivan. Co. H. — Capt. Joseph G. McNutt; First Lieut., Thomas O'Brien; Ensign, Wra. McPheters. Co. I. — Capt. Wm. McConihe; First Lieut., Joseph Laufira; En- sign, George Tafft. Co. K. — Capt. John Arts; First Lieut., Henry W. Jansen; Ensign, Augustus Colby. The Regiment was escorted to the wharf by Doring's Band, the Troy Citizen's Corps, Capt. H. L. Shields, the Troy City Artillery, Capt. A. B. Myers, the Irish Volunteers, Capt. Fleming, the Columbia Guards, Capt. Evers, the Jackson Guards, Capt. Bowen, the Wool Guards; Premier Engine Co. No. 1, Washington Volunteers, Niagara Engine Co. No. 7, Franklin Hose Co., Torrent Engine Co. No. 4, Hook and Ladder Co. No. 3, Rough and Ready Engine Co. No. 9, LaFayette Engine Co. No. 10, and Joseph C. Taylor Hose Co. No. 3, the Common Council and sixty policemen. Under this escort the Second Regiment left Camp Willard, and marched through the city to the dock, where it embarked on two barges, and was taken to Albany. Along the whole route, through River street to Washington square, and down Second street to the Court House, the line of march was through one dense mass of people, every window was thronged, and from hundreds of roof-tops and flag staffs, the stars HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY 233 and stripes floated in the clear morning air. It was a sight long to be remembered. Seemingly the entire population of the city, men, women and children, had left their vocations to bid the regiment God speed upon its mission. At various points along the march sa- lutes were fired and the soldiers were loudly cheered as they passed. A hardy, resolute, brave looking body of men, they bore themselves in a manner worthy of the compliment they were receiving. Every one felt proud that Troy had been able in this hour of danger to respond so nobly to the Country's call. At the Court House, Judge Gould, in behalf of a company of patriotic young women of Troy, presented the regiment with a beautiful regimental flag. To Colo- nel Carr, a Bible was presented by Rev. J. T. Duryea, as a Kft from the Rensselaer County Bible Society. "The parting at the wharf was most affecting. Wives clung to their husbands in a long, last, fond embrace, whispered to them hurried words of endearment, bade them not to forget the loved ones at home, on the field of battle. Grey-haired fathers and moth- ers pressed the hands of departing sons, and while tears streamed down their wrinkled cheeks, conjured their sons to behave like true men. Sisters kissed the brothers they loved, while other gentle wo- men bade adieu to those who claimed even closer relationship of affection." The circumstances under which Frank E. Brownell, of Troy, of Company A, shot Jackson, at the Marshall House, in Alexandria, Va., on the 23d of May, 1861, were as follows : On the entrance of the New York Fire Zouaves into Alexandria, Col. Ellsworth, their commander, ascended with a party of his men to the roof of the Marshall House, where a secession flag was waving, and pulled it down from the staff. As the party were descending they met Jackson, the proprietor of the hotel, at the foot of the stair case. The stairs were winding, and the turn so abrupt that Frank E. Brownell, who was in the lead, came directly upon Jackson before either party was aware of the other's presence. Jackson immedi- ately raised his weapon, a double-barrelled shot gun loaded with slugs, to fire, when Brownell as quickly drew up his musket and knocked his adversary's piece downwards. Jackson thereupon raised his gun and quickly fired it, killing Ellsworth, who with the others were descending the stairs. As quickly, in time, Brownell fired, killing Jackson. The body of Ellsworth, which was taken to Mechanicville and 30 234 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. interred, was received in Troy May 27th, and carried through sev- eral of the streets, followed by a large funeral procession, which afterwards returned to the depot. The first Trojan soldier who fell in the war was private Daniel Mooney, of Capt. Geo. W. Wilson's Co. E, of Col. Carr's Second Regiment, N. Y. S. Vols. He was killed in an engagement at Great Bethel, Va. William Kemp was, in June, appointed Paymaster of the Second Regiment, William E. Kisselburgh resigning his appointment. The Troy manufacturers were favored by the government with various contracts for munitions and materials of war. W. & L. E. Gurley were engaged in making brass fuses for bomb shells ; Corn- ing, Winslow & Co. had a contract for a number of steel rifled can- non of the Rodman patent ; Eaton, Gilbert & Co. had large orders for army wagons ; Swett, Quimby & Co. for shot and shell; F. W. Parmenter, for ammunition wagons ; Jones & Co., for rifled brass cannon; Fuller, Warren & Co., and Knight, Harrison & Paine, for casting mortar shells. The collection of tolls on the Lansingburgh Plank road was sus- pended on the 1 6th of August, and the toll-gate between that place and Troy abolished. Among the enlisted companies which departed for the seat of war during the year 1861, were the following: Capt. Clarence Buel's Co. E, attached to the Harris Cavalry regiment ; Captain John M. Landon's Co. I, 30th Regiment N. Y. S. Vols.; Capt. W. L. Lan- ing and Capt. A. H. Howe, First Long Island Regiment ; Capt. Riggs, of the Anderson Zouaves ; Capt. Samuel McConihe, of the 93d Regi- ment N. Y. S. Vols. In 1861, Congress appropriated $1,500,000 for the completion of one or more armor-plated, iron or steel-clad steamships or floating steam batteries. John A. Griswold and John F. Winslow, of this city, with C. S. Bushnell, of New Haven, went to Washington for the purpose of contracting for casing a vessel of iron, and at that time exhibited to the Navy Department the model of an iron-clad vessel of novel pattern, invented by John Ericsson. Although the officers of the navy received it with much favor, President Lincoln, when his attention was called to its examination, was so much pleased with the untried invention, that he at once advised the mak- ing of a contract for the building of such a floating battery. The contract, which was thereupon given, stipulated that the vessel HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 235 should be completed within one hundred days, and should be able to stand the fire of the heaviest ordnance at short ranges, and bound the builders to a guarantee and a forfeiture in case of failure in any of the properties and points of the vessel as proposed. The price to be paid on acceptance was $275,000. In October the work began on the vessel at Greenpoint, Long Island. The plating and portions of her machinery and other iron work, were made at the Rensselaer and at the Corning Iron Works. On January 30th, 1862, which was the one hundred and first working day from the time of the contract, she was launched at Greenpoint and named the " Monitor." On delivery to the Govern- ment, March 5th, she was despatched to Fortress Monroe, where she arrived on Friday evening, March 8th. On the 9th, the formid- able and unconquerable Monitor came into conflict with the rebel iron-clad Merrimac in Hampton Roads, where she crippled and compelled this destructive antagonist to retire from her terrible presence. As the news of this wonderful encounter was flashed through the United States, describing the combat and publishing the safety of Fortress Monroe, the preservation of shipping and public property of immense value, and the sudden destruction of the enemy's plans and expectations, the country was thrilled with delight, and the Monitor received a sudden prestige throughout the world never ac- corded so quickly to any vessel of war. The workmen, about four hundred in number, connected with the works of Corning, Winslow & Co. and the Rensselaer Iron Works, • celebrated the success of the Monitor by a torch-light procession. On a wagon was a representation of the engagement between the Monitor and the Merrimac, with the likenesses of John Ericsson, John F. Winslow and John A. Griswold, and the printed words, " Honor to whom honor is due," and those of the despatch from Gen. John E. Wool, the commandant at Fortress Monroe, to John A. Griswold, " The Monitor has saved everything inside and outside the Fort." The most destructive and devastating fire that ever occurred in Troy, began its fearful ravages at noon on Saturday, May 10th, 1862. From the lengthy narrative given in an extra of the Troy Daily Times of Sunday, May nth, of its origin, pro- gress and suppression, the following condensed description is taken. Several locomotives had just crossed the Rensselaer & Saratoga 236 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. railroad bridge, when the fire broke out. It was supposed that a spark from one of these engines having lodged in the structure, was the cause of its origination. Immediately upon its discovery in the roof at the west end of the first bridge which rests on Centre, or Starbuck's Island, the alarm was given and the fire department turned out promptly. The wind at the time was blowing a hard gale from the northwest, and the fire was quickly under such head- way as to be uncontrollable. A steamer laid hose at the eastern end of the bridge, but had scarcely put on a stream of water before the flames drove the firemen back into the street. An effort was made to pull the draw open with the hope to bar the progress of the fire, but the attempt was unsuccessful, — the fire enveloping the dry wooden timbers with a sheet of flame, which rising to a height of fifty or sixty feet into the air, made the sight one of fearful mag- nificence. The truss-work became an elaborate tracery of fire from the Island to the draw, which soon fell flaming into the river, and floating with the current, endangered the boats moored to the docks and the lumber yards along the shore. ^Yhile the fire was raging at the bridge, the air was filled with flying cinders and burning shingles which lodging on hundreds of dry roofs and exposed frame build- ings, quickly set them ablaze. From the river front to the eastern hill, the flames spread from point to point with irresistible fury, and with such rapidity that the people were scarcely able to escape to places of safety, while a number were suffocated with the dense smoke and burned in the streets. When the stores on River street first caught fire, a cloud of smoke was wafted into Franklin Square, which, eddied by the gale, fairly darkened the heavens. For a few moments the sky was almost of midnight darkness, and objects that were but a few paces distant could with difficulty be discerned. The high northwest wind swept the heavy clouds of. smoke and the vaporous heat across the city, covering it as with a pall. Before the fire had been an hour and a half burning, it had swept directly across the city in a south-easterly direction, belting it from the river to the hill. It was impossible to have any communication between the sections separated by this tor- rid zone without going a mile back upon the hill. The wildest and most startling rumors prevailed during the interval of separation. In many places on the hill it was with considerable difficulty that the inhabitants were able to save their dwellings, even at positions far north of the course in which the flames were being driven by HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 237 the wind. The scene on Ninth street, at one time, was one of wild confusion and consternation, for the locality being so distant that it was thought to be out of danger and was left unprotected. Sudden- ly however a shower of burning brands fell upon the unprotected dwellings, which in a short time were converted into ashes. The most terrible feature of this awful calamity was the loss of human life which it involved. Notwithstanding the fir'.- occurred at mid-day, and when people were best prepared to guard against its ravages, so rapid and terrific was the spread of the flames, and so great the panic, excitement and confusion that prevailed, that several persons were overtaken and hemmed in by them, and being unable to escape, perished. Thomas O'Donnell, an aged blind man, living on Green street, above Grand Division, being alone in the house and helpless, was burned. Ransom S. Haight was suffocated by a dense volume of smoke, which surrounded him while passing along Seventh street, where he fell and was burned almost past identifica- tion. Dr. Zenas Gary, saved by his faithful wife, was fearfully burn- ed and died the next day at the infirmary. The remains of Mary Dunlop and child were also found in one of the burned buildings. Numerous instances of narrow escapes, of severe exposure to fire, and of distressful suffering, were among the many incidents of the day. At the outset of the conflagration, all human means seemed in vain to save a solitary building that was in the track of the de- vouring element. As the fire sped onwards, slight changes in the wind decided the fate of buildings or blocks, and the efforts of the firemen kept it from widening its path. On River street, the Read and Gsgood steamers stopped the fire ; on the corner of Fulton and Fourth streets, the Washington Volunteers checked the flames ; on the corner of Fifth and Broadway, the Ranken steamer and Com- pany No. 5 were very serviceable, and finally, in Donohue & Burge's carriage factory, corner of Seventh and Congress streets, the great conflagration ceased. At six o'clock in the evening, seventy-five acres of property had been swept over as by the hand of a destroying fiend. But it was fully midnight before any part of the city could be pronounced fair- ly out of danger. The wind by that time had moderated, and the fire had nearly exhausted the material upon which it had been feeding. The spectacle presented by the burning ruins at night was one of 238 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. exceeding granduer. Viewed from Eighth street, the city seemed a mass of flame. Jets of fire dashed from amid the steaming mass, while a grand illumination overspread the rising vapor. The steady "puff," " puff," of the steamers, and the regular "thud," "thud," of the hand engines broke the stillness of the night. Thus passed hours, hours of unquiet, of danger, of anxiety, — the most fearful ordeal that Troy ever passed through. The number of buildings destroyed, including some of the best in the city, was five hundred and seven — excepting barns, outhouses and sheds. The entire insurance was $1,000,000. The total loss was estimated at $3,000,000. The firemen of Albany, West Troy, Cohoes, Lansingburgh and Waterford, responded very promptly to the call for aid, and rendered noble service. The city companies, hand and steam, worked heroically and successfully. Among the principal buildings burned were the Second Presbyterian Church, south-east corner of Sixth and Grand Division streets ; the Scotch Presbyterian .Church, on the east side of Seventh street, between Broadway and State street; the North Baptist Church, south-east corner of Fulton and Fifth streets; the Home Mission, east side of Seventh, between Broadway and State street ; the Rensselaer Poly- technic Institute, north side of State street, between Sixth and Sev- enth streets; the Troy City Bank, south-east corner of Grand Division and Fourth streets ; the Orphan Asylum, on south side of Federal street, opposite Harrison place; the Church Asylum, west of the Orphan Asylum ; and the Union Railroad Depot. West side of River street, going southward: No. 377, south corner of Federal street, J. W. Jones, drugs, property of R. A. Flood ; 377, up stairs, Corliss & House, collar manufacturers, of R. A. Flood ; 375, Flood & Dunham, commission merchants and produce dealers, of R. A. Flood ; 373, J. C. Lurch, crockery ; 371, S. S. McClure, hardware, of Alsop Weed ; 369 and 367, Weed & Converse, boots and shoes, of Alsop Weed ; 365, Silliman, Mat- thews & Co., forwarders ; 363, Ross & Smith, leather dealers, of Mrs. A. H. L. Phelps ; 361, Grant, Viall & Nutting, agricultural implements, of R. E. Silliman ; 35Q, 357 and 355, of T. McCoun estate; 351, north corner of Grand Division, Washington Hall, of Philip S. Dorlon ; 349, south corner of Grand Division, Au- gustus Lester, meat market, and 347, of J. S. Hakes ; 349, up stairs, S. H. Brown, machine shop ; 345, James Kenyon, liquor store, of L. Van Valkenburgh ; 343, Samuel Collins, groceries, of James Dana estate ; 341, R. L. & G. Drake, druggists, of Samuel Drake ; 339^, John Renihan, tailor, of Samuel Drake ; 339, Gates Bar- nard, liquor store, of Samuel Drake ; 337 and 335, Robert Green, furniture ; 333, E. R. Swasey & Co., vacant ; 331, Leonard Smith, furniture ; 329, George G. Ar- nold, liquors, of L Edwards ; 327, Van Rensselaer & Hayward, hardware ; 325 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 239 and 323, C. Warner & Co., of Smith Brothers. Here the fire was stopped, but partially destroyed building 321, M. M. Wilson, druggist. East side of River, going southwardly : No. 378, south corner of Federal street, C. M. Halsted, druggist, of A. G. Hal- sted ; 376, Dusenberry & Anthony, coffee and spices ; 374, G. M. Tibbits ; 372, Philip Maurer, cigars, of G. M. Tibbits ; 370, William Gilliland, boots and shoes, of G. M. Tibbits ; 368, Mrs. William O'Brien, dry goods, of G. M. Tibbits ; 366, J. H. Warren. No. 6, Franklin square, C. O'Leary, saloon ; 5, Smith & Robinson, leather find- ings ! 3> Holton & Faulkner, groceries, of E. Ogclen ; 2, of G. W. L. Smith ; 1 north corner of Grand Division, Joseph Massey, saloon, of G. W. L. Smith. No. 352 and 350, south corner of Grand Division, of Jacob L. Lane ; 348, L. I. Barney, broker, of Jacob L. Lane ; 346, C. G. & W. M. Stevens, newsdealers, of Ja- cob L Lane ; 344, Percy & King, paper hangings ; 340, Theodore Griffith, dry goods, of T. Griffith ; 338, A. L. Hotchkin, hats, of Joseph H. Darrow estate ; 336, Harrison & Havvkes, dry goods, of Joseph H. Darrow estate ; 334, S. Batcheldor, clothing, of John Sard ; 332, W. D. Cole, Singer sewing machines, of J. O. Mer- riam ; 330, up stairs, Denio & Freiot, attorneys ; 326, Ackley & Co., auction and commission, of W. E. Marston ; 324, E. W. Johnson, boots and shoes, of F. G. Meader ; 322, Walsh, Pettit & Anthony, clothing, of James Gibson ; 32©, Max Sinsheimer, dry goods ; 318, H. E. & W. Allendorph, auction store ; 316, Mrs. U. Miller ; 314, S. O. Gleason, druggist ; 312, L. Greenman, furniture. Here the fire was checked. East side of River street, going northwardly — 380, 382 and 384, of G. M. Tibbits. Fourth street, west side, going southwardly : No. 17, of J. H. Darrow estate ; 19, of John Sard ; 21, H. C. Dunham ; 23, Ed- ward Knowles ; 25, Sarah Knowles ; 25 J, Dr. John Clapp ; 27, W. H. Hegeman ; 29, J. J. Alden ; 31, of J. O. Merriam ; 33, N. S. Vedder ; 37, Abel Bunnell, this house was several times on fire, and an attempt was made to blow it up. East side, going southwardly: South corner of Grand Division, Troy City Bank ; 4, J. G. McMurray ; 8, S. K. Stow ; 10, John Morrison ; 12, George Fry ; 14, Dr. Charles Freiot ; 16, C. E. Willett ; 18, B. Starbuck ; 20, Nancy C. Burritt ; 22, J. M. Corliss ; 24, Nancy C. Bur- ritt ; 26, John Stevens ; 28, Mrs. Peter Allendorph; 30, H. E. Allendorph ; 34, T. Goldsmith. Fifth street, going southwardly from Grand Division street, on west side : No. 3, John L. Ostrom ; 5 and 7, Gilbert Geer ; 9, S. Shepard ; n, O. Sauls- bury ; 13, J. McDowal ; 15, A. D. Teachout ; 17, M. Milligan : 19, George W. Allen ; 21, Mrs. H. Merritt ; 23, Bolton & Finnerty ; 31, south corner of Fulton, Mrs. Clarissa Gurley ; 33, C. M. Hopkins ; 37, Otis G. Clark ; 39 and 41, P. P. Stewart ; 43, A. Liney ; 45, George C. Burdett ; 47, E. Galusha ; 49, Daniel Wight ; L. Van Valkenburgh, corner Grand Division ; W. J. Howes, three houses and shop. East side of Fifth street, going southward from Grand Division street: 24O HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. No. 2, Mrs. Ephraim Carpenter; 4, W. D. Haight ; 6 W. L. Van Alstyne ; 10, L. H. Tupper ; 12, E. W. Boughton ; 14, S. W. Dana ; 16 and 18, W. D Haight ; 20, C. B. Wildman ; 26, C. Barron ; 28, William Gurley ; 36, south of Fulton, William Gurley ; 44, William Ingram; 46, C. Warner; 48, George Andrews; 50, Dr. James McChesney ; 52, Harvey Smith ; 66, south of Broadway, C. W. Thompson ; 72, Mrs. Josiah Pierce ; 74. William Salmon ; 76, J. S. Perry, agent ; 82, William Salmon ; 84, G. Golden, barn. North Second street, going northwardly from Grand Division street, west side ■ No. 9, J. S. Perry ; east side Michael Foley ; 16, of James Higgins estate ; west side, block of houses built by G. W. L. Smith, and occupied by H Hawkes, J. L Harrison, W. H. Gallup and John C. Blair. Sixth street, going southwardly from Grand Division street, west side: No. 1, R. D. Silliman ; 3, S S. McClure ; 5, A. B. Price ; 7, E. A. Peck • 9, P. M. Marston; 9, H. C. Sheldon; II, J. C. Babcock ; 13, R. J. White; 15, H. Harris; 15, Mrs. W. A, Caldwell; 17, J. W. Fuller; 19, Jacob Jacobs; 19, ThomasMcEvoy ; 57, T. Murphy ; 61, T. S, Dorlon ; 63, John Daly ; 69, John Dunlavy ; 71, J. Skidmore ; 73, W. W. Patrick ; 75, S. G. Clements ; 77, R. Smith ; 85, Alex McMillan , 87. Thomas Cornelius ; 89, Alex. McCall ; 91, Mrs. U Cush- man ; 95, Alvin Williams ; 99, Ruth Douglas. East side: No. 12, Mrs. T. Bussey ; 14, E. Lampier ; 16, Anson Atwood, J. C. Schryver; 18, F. Thomas, E. C. Connell ; 20, Josiah Boyle ; 56, Jack Mayout ; 58, Harvey Smith ; 60, J. L. Van Schoonhoven ; 68 and 70, E. Ross ; 74, Lewis Tillman es- tate ; 90, Gertrude Waters ; 96, F. N. Mann ; 100, David Worthington ; 102, Cal- vin Green ; 104, A. Numan ; 106, Lyman Patchin ; Sheldon & Green's foundry ; Lown's carriage shop. North Third street, east side : No. 6, J. L. Van Schoonhoven ; 8, C O. Perham ; 10, O. F. Donaldson ; Old Wesleyan Church ; 22, H. Balcom ; 26, J. A. Seaton ; 28, Mr. Lyon ; 30, Mary Cronin. West side : Corner of Federal street, Abel Bunnell ; 5, J. S. Perry ; 15, Levi Squire ; 27, J. Freiot ; Ostrander & Young ; Fletcher Miller. Seventh street, going southwardly from Grand Division street, west side: No. 7, Mrs. O. Cleveland ; 9, J. Childs estate ; 11, William Gunnison ; 13, P S. Coon estate; 15, John Morgan and Rufus Lape ; 17, A. B. King; 25, J. G. Mc- Murray ; 27, Joseph C. Moss ; 29, E. W. Hydorn ; 31, Mrs. R. D. McMurray and George H. Freeman ; 35 and 37, J. G. McMurray; 39 and 41, C. Otis estate ; 43, A. H. Sheldon ; 45, Mrs. T. M. Sampson. 47, 49 and 51, Henry Nazro ; 53, 55 and 59, J. T. Percy ; 61, Emeline Harris ; 63, James Van Schoonhoven ; 69, N. Hubbell ; 71, James Curran ; 93, Mrs. D. Taylor : 99, 101 and 103, Paul Albertson. Seventh street, going south from Grand Division, east side: HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 24 1 No. 10, E. P. Searle ; 12, George E. Beach ; 14 and 16, N. B. Warren Brothers r 18, Clementina Jones ; 20, John Barron ; 22 and 24, Augustus Lester; 26, Joseph and James Freiot ; 30, Ira Ingram ; 32, William Salmon ; 34 and 36, F. N. Mann ; 38, G. Stow ; 40, R. Cruikshank • 44, J P. Andrews ; 46, Henry Rousseau ; 50, H. Herrington ; 54, William Ohlen ; 56, Charlotte Dennis ; 58, William Mackey ; 70, Mrs. L. Johnson ; 76 and 78, William Ohlen ; B. T. Cushman, Ida Terrace, corner of State, C. D. Packard ; 88, Thomas Vandecar ; 94 and 96, William Ohlen ; 98 and 100, George F. Moore. Eighth street, east side: No. 10, Edward McCabe ; n, Thomas Millett ; 16, E. A. Billings; 18, Jeres Turk ; 28, Joseph Hausson ; 30, Ira Frazee ; 32, P. Witsell ; 38, Thomas Fletcher ; 46, S. McCombs and Chester Brockway ; 48, Darius Allen ; 58, Pat Lawless ; 162, P.F. Baltimore; 164, George H. Sagendorf ; Vanderheyden mansion, N.S.Warren estate. West side: No. 109, in, 113 and 115, Mary Boyle; Ebenezer Prescott, head of Fulton street ; H. T. Caswell, LaFayette place ; William Cluett, corner of Fulton. Ninth street, west side: Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, H. T. Caswell. East side: Corner of Federal, David Fleming ; 13, William Carr ; 18, J. C. Cole. Federal street, north side: Nos. 3, 5, 7, 9 and II, G. M. Tibbits ; 13, Gilbert Geer ; 15, John Farrell ; 31, C. Lewis; 37, C. H. Burton ; 39, E. Wood ; 71, Mrs. S. S. Wager ; 73, Jere. Cro- nin ; 75, R. .Gould ; 77, John Dunlavy ; 79, William Flack ; 81, John Cridge ; P. Quackenbush, corner of North Second ; E. Warner estate, corner of Seventh. South side • Ozni Pierson ; Nos. 4 and 6, John Farrel ; 8, Patrick Keating ; 12, Rankin Steam- er House and Trojan Hook and Ladder, No. 3 ; 14, B. F. Gladding, Union sta- ble ; corner of North Second. James Brady estate, Fourth Ward House; 18 and 20, B. F Gladding; 26 and 28, II. T. Caswell; 34, R. Cruikshank; 36, Dr. J. A. Skilton ; 38, C. O. Perham ; 40, George R Benton ; 42, E. Bowman and R. II. Coventry ; 44, Ruth Bradt ; 46, T. Thurston ; 48, Mrs A. Yates ; 50, M. C. Haskell; 52, Church Asylum ; 54, Mrs. Hannah Taft; 58, J. H. Smother. Grand Division street, north side : Nos. 7, 9 and II, P. S. Dorlon ; 13 and 15, Alsop Weed ; 19, J. C. Babcock ; 21, E. Bell; 23, G. B. Wallace; 25, Elizabeth B. Wilson; corner of North Second, Ira M. Ingram; 27, Eliza Chapman; 29, Zenas Cary ; 31, A. B Wallace, 33, George Swan; 41, J. Morrison; 43, William Dunn, 45, C. O. Perrin ; 47, 51 and 55, Jefferson Gardner; 57, George B. Warren ; 59, Rev. J. N. Parker, 61, E. Ross and Rev. C. P. Sheldon; 63, E. Bell ; 69, D. McMurray ; 75, Almira Waterman. South side: Corner of Mechanic, N. B. Starbuck and John Hutchinson; 12, Adon Smith;. 30, James Freiot ; 36, J. T. Dunspaugh ; 38, 40, 42 and 44, E. Dorlon ; 48, C. H. Bigelow ; 50, Myron King ; 52, R. I. Moe. 31 242 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Fulton street, north side : No. 13, Mary Davis ; 15, F. N. Mann ; Gurley Block ; Johnson Block ; 29, Wil- liam Rich; 31, G. W. Shepard; 33 and 35, J. H. Kear; 39, C. L. Prescott; Dr. William Van Loon; Fulton House, J. W. Stearns , Tremont House, P. Curley. South side: No. 12, J. N. Gary ; 14, Edward Knowles and G. P. Hiams ; 16, Elisha Waters; 34, Augustus Lester; 38, C. L. Prescott; 42, S. Hayner. Broadway, north side : Nos. 44, 46 and 48, B. Montague; 56, S. Ballard. South side . Union House, E. D. Beach ; Broadway House, Michael Ahearn. State street: Nos. 46 and 48, Thomas Cox; 56 and 58, J. B. Wilkinson ; 64, C. S. Fuller; 66, Maria Cushman • 68, Maria Cushman and Anthony Cole ; 53, J. P. Cushman estate. CHAPTER X. From the Great Fire of 1862 to the Fourth of July, 1876. A full recital of the attendant and consequent circumstances of the fire on the afternoon of the tenth of May, 1862, is needless. The varied history of this recent calamity is indelibly impressed upon the minds of those who were so suddenly impoverished and dispos- sessed of their homes, and the crowded panorama of the burning houses, the flying people, the smoking ruins and battling firemen, is freshly pictured upon the memories of the thousands who wit- nessed its destructive visitation. Tears and despondency could not recall the burned property which had been slowly accumulated by the incessant industry of many years, charity could not return homes sacred to childhood and old age; time and labor could not replace the heir-looms of household veneration; nor opportunity re-associate and blend again under similar circumstances the business and commercial relationship of the past. But words of sympathy, generous hospitality, liberal gifts and municipal appropriations banished the temporary gloom, gave shelter to the houseless, provided for the wants of the needy, and gave new vigor to industrial enterprise and effort. Before the close of the month more than fifty thousand dollars had been contributed by kind benefactions at home and abroad for the relief of the suffer- ers of the fire, which sum was largely increased during the follow- ing month. In the latter part of the following July, one hundred and eighty-one buildings were in the course of erection in the burnt district; and in November, six months after the fire, all the lots on River street, with two exceptions, which were previously built upon, were covered with a superior class of structures. Thus did energy and enterprise quickly efface the visible monuments of Troy's great desolating conflagration. The Rensselaer Institute which had been removed in April, 1834, from "the old Bank place," at the north of Troy to the Vanderhey- den mansion on the east side of Grand Division street, east of Sev- enth, was again removed in 1844 to the " Infant school lot" on the 244 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. north-east corner of Sixth and State streets. Here on the tenth of May, the fire destroyed all the buildings, furniture, library, cabinets, and records of the Board of Trustees. On the succeeding Wednes- day the exercises of the institution were continued to the close of the term, at the Troy University (now the Provincial Seminary). In the fall of the year rooms were fitted up in the Vail building, on the south-east corner of Congress and River streets, where the exercises of the school were conducted until the first of May, 1864, when the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute entered into possession of the land and buildings at the head of Broadway. The call of the Country for more men, was further answered by Troy's sending the One hundred and twenty-fifth Regiment of N. Y. S. Volunteers into the field on the thirtieth of August, 1862. The field and line officers of this Regiment were : George L. Willard, Colonel; Levin Crandell, Lieut Colonel; James C. Bush, Major; Elias P. Sheldon, Adjutant; L. Chandler Ball, Quartermaster; Rev. Joseph L. Barlow, Chaplain ; Dr. Wm. Cooper, Surgeon; Assistant Surgeons, Drs. H. E. Benedick and Washington Akin. Co. A. — Capt., D. E. Cornell; First Lieut., E. A. Hartshorn; Second Lieut., W. E. Hakes. Co. B. — Capt, A. B. Myers; First Lieut., Charles H. Taylor; Second Lieut., John Quay. Co. C. — Capt., F. S. Esmond; First Lieut., W. H. Plumb, Jr.; Sec- ond Lieut., David Comiskey. Co. D. — Capt., S. C. Armstrong; First Lieut., T. F. Sheldon; Second Lieut., P. Carden. Co. E. — Capt., William Dimond; First Lieut., Calvin Bush; Sec- ond Lieut., Egbert Jolls. Co. F. — Capt., Nelson Penfield; First Lieut., Frank Chamberlin; Second Lieut., W. D. Taylor. Co. G. — Capt., George F. Lemon; First Lieut., W K. Newcomb; Second Lieut., L. H. Stevens. Co. H — Capt., Ephraim Wood; First Lieut., Joseph Hyde; Sec- ond Lieut., D. Hagadorn. Co. I. — Capt., E. P.Jones; First Lieut., A. Buchanan, Jr.; Second Lieut., E. Fink. Co. K— Capt., J. V. W. Vandenburgh; First Lieut., Charles A. Pickett; Second Lieut., McG. Steele. In the latter part of September, the One hundred and sixty-ninth HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 245 Regiment, N. Y. S. Volunteers, left Troy. The officers of this Regi- ment were : Colonel Clarence Buel; Lieut. Colonel, John McConihe; Major, Alonzo Aldcn; Adjutant, W. E. Kisselburgh; Quartermaster, S. W. Kinney; Surgeon, John Knowlson ; Assistant Surgeons, W. J. Skin- ner and P. L. Reynolds ; Chaplain, J. W Eaton. Co. A. — Capt., James A. Colvin; First Lieut., Jerome B. Parmen- ter; Second Lieut., B. N. Smith. Co. B. — Capt., N. Wood; First Lieut., D. P. Benson; Second Lieut., Michael Holmes. Co. C— Capt., J. II. Allen; First Lieut., F. W. Tarbell, Second Lieut., Charles E. Morey. Co. D — Capt., W. B. Coleman; First Lieut., R. O. Connor; Sec- end Lieut., J. H. Hughes. Co. F. — Capt., A. D. Vaughn; First Lieut., J. F. Thompson; Second Lieut., Thomas D. Jellico. Co. G — Capt., John T. McCoun ; First Lieut., George H. Gager; Second Lieut., Thomas B. Eaton. Co. H —Capt., W. H. Wickes; First Lieut., W. S. Hartshorn; Second Lieut., W. H. Lyon. Co. I. — Capt., M. Murnane; First Lieut., S. W Snyder; Second Lieut., Patrick Conners. Co. K. — Capt., D. Ferguson; First Lieut., D. J. Cary; Second Lieut., E. R. Smith. On the 1 8th of September, the Common Council authorized the Financial Committee to issue $25,000 in fractional notes to meet the business wants of the city. On the first of October the notes of the different denominational values were dated and signed. A rep- resentation of the Court House was upon the face of all the notes. In the fifty cent bill, it occupied the upper left hand corner diagon- ally opposite the City coat of arms. The figures 50 were at the right hand upper corner. The signature of James Thorn, Mayor, and A. S. Perry, Chamberlain, together with the name of the Regis- ter, appear upon the bills In the twenty-five cent bills, the pic- ture of the Court House is in the upper part of the note. The figures 25 are at the right, and the City coat of arms at the left of it. In the ten cent notes the Court House occupies the center, surmounted by the letters "City of Troy," which it states "will pay the bearer on demand ten cents, in current bank bills, when present- 246 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. ed in sums of five dollars, at the Chamberlain's office. Troy, N. Y., October 1, 1862." The Second Regiment returned and was enthusiastically received in Troy on the 14th of May, 1863. On the arrival of the Steamer Vanderbilt, Captain G. O. Tupper, conveying the Regiment home, a, feu de joie of thirteen guns was fired. The com- panies were mustered out May 26, 1863. The officers commanding were, Colonel, Sidney W. Park; Lieut.- Col, Wm. Olmstead; Major, Wm. B. Tibbits; Adjutant, J. H. Fratt; Surgeon, LeRoy McLean; Assistants, N. H. Camp and R. F. Catlin. Co. A. — Capt., G. V. Boutelle, 40 men. Co. B. — Capt., J. J. Ha- gan, 40 men. Co. C. — Capt., John H. Quackenbush, 29 men. Co. D. — Capt., William G. McNulty, 39 men. Co. E. — Capt., Thomas Sullivan, 42 men. Co. F.— Capt., Henry Harrison, 48 men. Co. G. — Capt., E. T. Wilson, 28 men. Co. H. — Capt., James A. Cross, 49 men. Co. I. — Capt., Wm. McConihe, 28 men. Co. K. — Capt., Joseph Egolf. The Regiment left Troy, May 18th, with over nine hundred men. The battles in which the Regiment was engaged, were as follows : New Market Bridge, Bethel, Capture of Norfolk, Hanover Court House, Fair Oaks, Gaines* Mills, Savage Station, White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Chantilly, Bristovv Station, Second Bull Run, Freder- icksburgh, Chancellorsville. Among the memorable incidents connected with the prosecution of the war, the public demonstration made in opposition to the draft on Wednesday, the fifteenth of July, 1863, caused considerable ap- prehension of danger to the safety of person and property during its continuance. The local excitement on the day of its occurrence was very great. From a " plain statement " printed in the Daily Whig, the following condensed description is taken : " The excitement in respect to the draft, intensified by the riotous proceedings in New York city, culminated yesterday in a rebellious demonstration that involved the destruction to a large extent of the printing material of the Daily Times establishment. About nine o'clock in the morning a procession which had been formed at the Nail Factory, moved up into the city. Along the route, mechanics and laborers were notified to quit work, and solicited to join in the march through the streets. Storekeepers and manufacturers, appre- hensive of the results of the demonstration, closed the doors of their stores and factories, as the procession approached the locality HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 247 of their places of business. Along the route the number of persons connected with the moving body of men was constantly increased- As the procession passed by St. Peter's church, the bell on the tower was rung for an alarm of fire, which further increased the excite- ment. After proceeding as far as Mount Olympus, the head of the column turned southward. On reaching the corner of First and River streets, a hostile demonstration was made in front of the Times office, indicative of violence to the establishment. At this juncture, ex-Mayor John A. Griswold, Isaac McConihe, Jr., and other prominent citizens, in the absence of the Mayor from the city, expostulated with the rioters, and endeavored to persuade them to withdraw. Regardless of all advice and influence, the doors of the Times office were crushed in, a number of persons entered the building, and in a few moments the printing material of the office was thrown into the street and destroyed, excepting the presses and engine, which were too substantial to be easily removed or greatly injured. This destruction having been accomplished, the excite- ment appeared to subside, as the main object of the rioters seemed to be a public exhibition of their anti-conscription strength, which had successfully defied all the ordinary means of preserving the peace of the city. The Whig office, from its proximity to that of the Times, was for a time in danger of destruction, but no concerted demonstration was made against it. The riotous portion of the crowd now gradually dispersed, falling off in groups to different sec- tions of the city. At different times the telegraph office, the Pro- vost Marshal's office, the residence of Martin I. Townsend, and other places, were threatened, but the expostulation of influential parties prevented the execution of the hostile threats. " The Liberty Street Presbyterian church was saved from destruc- tion by the prompt interference of Rev. Father Havermans and McDonough. The last-named priest took a position in front of the building, and knocked down one of the leaders of the mob. Through his services and the aid of other citizens, the edifice was saved. Rev. Peter Havermans also addressed the crowd in front of the Whig office, but the noise and confusion attending the spoliation of the Times office made his words inaudible. The following no- tices from John Moran, Recorder, and ex-Mayor John A. Griswold, were printed at the Whig office, and issued to the crowd ; " To prevent misapprehension, and to ascertain the facts in rela- tion to drafting, I have had an interview with the Provost Marshal 248 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. this morning, and am assured that drafting for a portion of Wash- ington county only has taken place, and that no draft for the city of Troy will be had at present, nor until public notice shall be given. I have no hesitation in saying to the workmen of the Rensselaer Iron Works that I will be responsible for this statement of the case. Troy, July 15, 1863. John A. Griswold." " Proclamation. — I am authorized by the Provost Marshal to inform the community that the draft is suspended in this district. I therefore entreat all citizens to retire to their respective places cf business and resume their occupations, that the peace and good or- der of the city may not be disturbed. (In the absence of the Mayor.) John Moran, Recorder. " Dated, noon July 15th, 1863." " After the demolition of the furniture, type and paper at the Times office, the excitement seemed gradually to abate until a re- port was circulated that some of the rioters had been arrested and lodged in jail. An attack was then made upon it and the building was soon in the possession of the mob, which was followed by a gen- eral jail delivery. During the afternoon, stores and places of busi- ness were generally closed, and crowds congregated along the dif- ferent streets discussing the occurrences of the day and the pros- pects as to a restoration of law and order. The colored people fled from the city in tcror, and found refuge at Sand Lake, Greenbush, Albany and other undisturbed localities. The rioters evinced a bit- ter hostility toward these unoffending people, and they were com- pelled to quit their employments and to stay away from the city un- til ample protection was afforded them. During the night, the riot- ers made an attack upon the house of Martin I. Townsend, which they entered, and although a portion of the furniture had been re- moved during the day, that which remained was destroyed or greatly injured. The military were called out, but no collision occurred. The rioters, after several demonstrations in the streets, at length dispersed, and quiet was restored." To preserve the peace of the city during the draft, and to check any attempt at a repetition of the riot of the fifteenth of July, seven hundred soldiers arrived in Troy on the steamer Francis Skiddy, on the morning of the thirty-first of August. As no announcement had been made of their coming, this sudden occupation of the city by a military force created no little excitement on the morning of its arrival. The force embraced two regiments of infantry and HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 249 one battery, — the Third Michigan Regiment, Colonel Edward S Pierce, commanding; the Fifth Michigan Regiment, Lieut. Col- onel John Pulford, commanding ; and the Second Connecticut Ar- tillery, Second Lieut. Miles Green, commanding. The State Armo- ry was made the headquarters of the officers, and the soldiers tent- ed in the Court House yard. The draft began in the city on the morning of the fourth of Sep- tember, without any disturbance of the peace. The first battalion of the Griswold Cavalry left Troy for Staten Island on the thirtieth of August, 1863. The officers of the regi- ment were : Colonel, William B. Tibbits ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Chas. Fitzsimmons ; Major, George V. Boutelle. The first car ran over the track of the Troy and Cohoes Horse railroad, on Saturday, October 10th, from the east side of the Rens- selaer & Saratoga railroad bridge to the Champlain canal. The First National Bank of Troy was organized Octobei 28th, 1863. The first directors of the Bank were Thomas Coleman, Chas. E. Dusenberry, Richardson H. Thurman, Lyman Bennett, Otis G. Clark, William L. Van Alstyne, Hugh Ranken, Edward R. Swasey, and Charles Eddy. On the fourth of January following, the Bank began business at No. 218 River street, with a capital of $200,000. The officers were : Thomas Coleman, President, and Richardson H. Thurman, Cashier. The Israelite Congregation, which had for some time occupied rooms in Wotkyns' Block, removed from that building into newly refitted rooms in the third story of Vail's Block, corner of Congress and River streets. The ceremony of dedication was performed on the fifth of June, 1863. The congregation was known by the name of Bikur Cholim, and was under the charge of Rabbi Louis Neusted. The following persons were then officers of the society : Herman Levi, President ; Lewis Marks, Vice Presi- dent, and G. Lawrence, Secretary. On the twelfth of June, 1870, the corner-stone of the Jewish synagogue was laid, and the edifice was dedicated, under the name of Berith Sholom, September 22d. The synagogue was built on the west side of Third street, between Division and Ferry streets. On the twenty-eighth of June, 1864, General George B. McClel- lan was received at the Union Depot, and escorted by a large con- course of people, to the steamer Vanderbilt, on which he embarked. St. Joseph's Provincial Seminary was dedicated on the first of 32 25O HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. December, 1864. More than sixty bishops and priests were present. Archbishop McCloskey made the dedicatory address. Father Van der Ende, of Ghent, Holland, was the first acting President of the institution. It had for its territory nine dioceses, which included all of New York, New England and New Jersey. Until the twenty-seventh day of February, 1S65, the Farmers' Bank and the Bank of Troy, had been for more than half a century the important financial institutions of the city. At that time the stockholders entered into an arrangement for a consolidation of the institutions, and adopted the title of the Uni- ted National Bank of Troy. On the seventh day of March the Bank was organized with the following officers : E. Thompson Gale, President ; William A. Shepard, Vice President ; Tracy Taylor, Cashier. The first Directors were : E. Thompson Gale, J. M. War- ren, John L. Thompson, G. H. Cramer, Uri Gilbert, Alfonzo Bills, Azro B. Morgan, N. B. Squires, Wm. A. Shepard, Alonzo McCon- ihe, John Hobart Warren, Hanford N. Lockwood and Thomas M. Tibbits. The One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment returned home on the eighth of June, and were welcomed with a splendid ovation. The returning officers were : Joseph Hyde, Colonel ; W. H. H. Brainard, Major; James H. Hatch, Adjutant; W. S. Cooper, Sur- geon ; W. Akin, Assistant Surgeon ; Ezra D. Simons, Chaplain ; George W. Jenkins, Quartermaster. The Troy & Albia Horse Railway Company was organized Janu- ary 31, 1866. The officers elected were : Edward O. Eaton, President; James S. Knowlson, Vice President; George B. Warren, Secretary, and Joseph J. Tillinghast, Treasurer. The Fenian invasion of the Canadian frontier, in 1866, received considerable support from the Irish inhabitants of Troy. On the first day of June a full company of one hundred men departed for the seat of hostilities under the command of the following officers : Captain, William O'Brien, formerly of the Second Regiment N. Y. S. Volunteers; First Lieut., John Sullivan, of the 169th Regiment ; Second Lieut., Thomas P. Laithe, of Cohoes, an old veteran. The Fenian National Congress, on the fourth of September, con- vened in Harmony Hall. A large number of delegates from vari- ous parts of the country were in attendance. F. G. Gallagher, of Buffalo, was chosen President, and John C. O'Brien, of Rochester, Clerk. On Sunday morning, Sept. 9, the Congress adjourned sine die. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 25 I The Laureate Boat Club was organized June 19th, 1866. The first officers were : President, W. H. Doughty ; Secretary and Treas- urer, T.McCoun; Captain, J. A. Manning. Trustees, W. H. Dough- ty, A. Vail and E. R. Vail. The Club consisted of twelve members. The execution of Hiram Coon, for the murder of Mrs. Henry Laker, of Petersburgh, took place in the jail on the 2 2d of March, 1867. '" The certificate of incorporation of the Troy Club was signed and acknowledged on the twenty-seventh day of November, 1867. The first managers of the society were : Jonas C. Heartt, John A. Gris- wold, D. Thomas Vail, E. Thompson Gale, Joseph M. Warren, Geo. H. Cramer, Uri Gilbert, William F. Burden, Joseph W. Fuller, Sam- uel M. Vail, John Hobart Warren, Miles Beach, Moses C. Green, G. Parish Ogden and William A. Shepard. The other officers were : Jonas C. Heartt, President ; E. Thompson Gale, Vice President ; Samuel M. Vail, Treasurer, and Thomas Buckley, Secretary. The spacious building on the north-west corner of Second and Congress street, was purchased for the use of the Club, and was fitted up and formally occupied on the 20th of January, 1868. At the close of the year 1867, it was estimated that the value of the buildings which had been erected during the previous twelve months, exceeded $1,000,000. In March, 1867, George A. Waters, being engaged in the manu- facture of paper boxes, and having occasion to repair a wooden single shell boat, undertook to do so by covering the cracks with sheets of stout paper firmly cemented on the wood, and then finish- ing the surface so formed with water-proof varnish. The success of this attempt led him, assisted by his father, Elisha Waters, to under- take the experiment of making the entire skin of a light boat of paper. Accordingly one was built by taking a wooden shell thirteen inches wide and thirty feet long, as a mould, and covering the en- tire surface of its bottom and sides with small sheets of strong ma- nilla paper glued together, and superposed on each other, so that the joints of one layer were covered by the middle of the sheet im- mediately above, until a shell of paper had been formed one-six- teenth of an inch in thickness. The fabric thus constructed, after being carefully dried, was removed from the mould and fitted up with a suitable frame. The surface was then carefully made water- proof with suitable varnishes and the work was complete. The boat was tested on the river in the latter part of May, 1867, and was 252 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY proven to have marked merits, such as stiffness, symmetry of the hull, and smoothness of the water surface. A patent was issued to the makers in 1868, and a re-issue May, 1669. The manufacture of paper boats was in this way begun in Troy. The corner-stone of the Eglise St. Jean Baptiste, on Second street, between Adams and Jefferson street, was laid with appropriate ceremonies on July 19th. Right Rev. Bishop Conroy, Vicar General E. P. Wtidhams, Revs. Havermans, Keveny, Thebaud, Rainey, Brown, Finley, O'Connell, Collins and Galberry, took part in the exercises. The St. Jean Baptiste Association was organized in 1850. Rev. Magloire F. Furcotte was the first priest having charge of this congregation. The building used for worship in 1852 was a wooden structure on Ferry street, between First and Second streets. The corner-stone of Woodside Presbyterian church was laid on the 16th of September, 1868. Hon. Erastus Corning presented the ground, and upon it the church was erected by Henry Burden as a memorial to his wife, at a cost of $75,000. The congregation was organized on the 19th of June, 1867, under the name of the South Presbyterian Church of Troy, in Mechanics' Hall, by a committee of the Old School Presbytery of Troy, with twenty-nine members. On the fifteenth of July, 1869, the church was dedicated. Rev. M. B. Lowrie was installed the first pastor of the congregation, on the 30th of October, 1868. The practical workings of the fire alarm telegraph were tested be- fore the city Alderman and Fire Commissioners, on the 28th of March, 1869. The Troy Daily Times describes the test as follows ; " Fire Commissioners Gurley, Ranken and Green assembled at the Read Steamer house, the central station of the telegraph, and the various steamer companies and the Trojan Hooks were gathered in their respective houses, awaiting the signal which was to test the promptness with which the department could be ral- lied at a given point in the city. Guards were posted at each steam- er house to see that no undue advantage was taken by the anxious employes in hooking up the horses, but that each steamer should be exactly in the position in which it ordinarily is when an alarm is not expected. Chief Engineer Ingram took up quarters in the Ranken house, First Assistant Green was stationed at the Read's, Second Assistant Peck at the Eddy's, and Clerk Crissey was deputed to look after the Osgood boys, while the fleet-footed Hooks and Volunteers HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 253 were allowed to take care of themselves. The Common Council after adjournment, repaired to signal box No. 25, at the corner of Fifth and Congress streets, and at 4.15 o'clock Alderman Haight pulled the hook which sent the electric shock throughout the city. In from thirty to forty seconds after the alarm was given, the horses at each of the steamer houses were hooked up, and the vari- ous apparatus was on the way to the box from whence the signal was sounded. The Volunteers were the first to arrive, time one minute and a half. The Read came next, in two minutes, followed by the Ranken in three, the Hooks in three and a half minutes ; the Osgood in four and a quarter, and the Eddy, which had to run about a mile and a quarter, in about seven minutes." Gamewell & Co. were the contractors for establishing the system of wires and batteries. The bill to annex the village of Lansingburgh to the city of Troy was vetoed by Governor Hoffman, May 17, 1869. The congregation of the Free Church of the Ascension was first formed on the 14th of February, 1868, in the house of William Cox, Ida Hill, by Rev. G, H. Walsh, under the name of St. John's Free Mission. Services were first held in a room in the rear of the Ida Hill cotton mill. On the 19th of October, 1869, the corner-stone of the present stone structure was laid, and the church dedicated on the 1 8th of February, 1871, the Right Rev. William C. Doane, D. D., Rev. Drs. Coit, Potter, Tucker and Clover, and the Rev. Messrs. Walsh, Caird, Shinn. Adams, Green, Snively, Widdemer, Chapman, Townsend, Brown, Hall, Carey and Olmstead were present and par- ticipated in the solemn services of the occasion. The church was erected and furnished by F. W. Farnam, as a free gift to the con- gregation, at a cost of $80,000. At the age of eighty-six years, Major General John E. Wool died at his residence, at two o'clock on the morning of the tenth of No- vember, 1869. He was a soldier of three wars, 181 2, 1847, 1862, and in each he bore a gallant and conspicuous position. The dif- ferent positions he attained were severally as follows: April 13, 1812, Captain of the Thirteenth United States Infantry; October 13, Major of the Twenty-ninth United States Infantry, for gallant conduct at Queenstown; Sept. 11, 1814, Lieutenant Colonel, for gallant conduct at Plattsburgh ; April, 1816, Colonel of Cavalry and Inspector General; April 26, 1826, Brevet Brigadier General; June 25, 1841, Brigadier General; February 23, 1847, Brevet Major Gen- 254 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. eral for distinguished services at Buena Vista; 1864, Major General and retired after fifty-two years of honorable service in the U. S. Army. The funeral obsequies on Saturday, November 13th, were attended by a large concourse of personal friends and a long cortege of distinguished military officers and organizations. During the morning the remains of Troy's hero lay in state in St. Paul's church. At 11.20 a, m. the casket containing the body, was carried to the chancel by Major Generals Irvin McDowell, Hunt, Arnold, Haskens, of the U. S. Army, Brigadier General Hagner, Major General Wil- liam B. Tibbits, of the U. S. Army, Commodore C. Price, U. S. Navy, General Brown, N. G. S. N. G., Hon. Jonas C. Heartt, Henry Burden and George Vail. The clergymen participating in the solemn services, were Revs. Drs. Potter and J. I. Tucker, Rev. Messrs. Mulford, Townsend, Chapman and Adams. At the conclu- sion of the services in St. Paul's church, the procession moved to Oakwood Cemetery in the following order : City Police, Captain Cary; Major General Carr and Staff; Twenty-fourth Regiment N. Y. S. N. G., Colonel Steenberg; Doring's Band; Twenty-fourth Regiment Drum Corps; Brigadier General Alden and Staff; Squad- ron of Cavalry, Captain George Schwarzman; Battery B, Captain I. Seymour Scott ; Carriages containing Pall Bearers and Clergy; the hearse, drawn by four black horses, incharge of colored grooms ; Body guard, non-commissioned United States Regular Army Officers; Major General Wool's horse and orderly; Regular Army Band; Fifth United States Artillery; Mourners; Carriages containing General Meade, and other officers; Governor John T. Hoffman, and Staff; Officers of U. S. Army; General officers of Volunteers and Staffs; Common Council and City officers; Post Willard G. A. R.; Post McConihe G. A. R.; Independent Veteran Zouaves, Captain Boshart; Albany Burgesses Corps, Captain Taylor; Sullivan's Band; Twenty-fifth Regiment Drum Corps; Twenty-fifth Regiment N. Y. S. N. G. ; Tenth Regiment Drum Corps; Downing's Seventy-fourth Regiment Band; Tenth Regiment N. Y. S. N. G. ; Cavalry. On the 28th of March, 1870, General George B. Thomas, died in San Francisco. The delegation of distinguished military personages and representatives of different western cities, having the body in charge, was met on the morning of April 7th, at Schenectady, by a committee of fifty citizens from Troy. The es- cort from the west consisted of General Philip H. Sheridan, Adjutant HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 255 General Forsyth, Colonel Merrill. Dr. Asche, Colonel J. P. Willard, Colonel Litchfield, General John Love, General George F. McGinnis, Major R. H. Hall, General George H. Chapman, General S. Mc- Clurg, General H. P. Barnett, General J. S. Parkhurst, and Major Steele. On the arrival of the train at the Union Depot, the remains were transferred to St. Paul's church. Among other distinguished persons present in Troy attending the funeral, were President U. S. Grant, with his Secretaries Generals Dent and Porter; Secretaries Belknap and Robeson, and Postmaster General Creswell. The Con- gressional delegations consisted of Senator Wilson, of Massachu- setts ; Warner, of Alabama; Cameron, of Pennsylvania; Thayer, of Nebraska; and Senator Fenton, of New York; General French, Sergeant-at-arms of the Senate ; together with Representatives Slo- cum, of New York; Logan, of Illinois; Garfield, of Ohio; C. C. Washburne, of Wisconsin ; Stokes, of Tennessee ; Randall, of Penn- sylvania ; Banks, of Massachusetts ; and N. G. Ordway, of New Hampshire, Sergeant-at-Arms of the House of Representatives. Also, Generals Schofield, Roberts, McKee, Barrett, Pitcher, Fuller- ton, Foster, Rice, De Peyster, Barnum, Taylor, Abbott, Marshall, Raine, Newton and Granger. Also Major General George G. Meade, Brevet Major General D. B. Sackett, Paymaster Carmody, of the Navy, and Hon. Horatio Seymour, of Utica. Never before had the city so many distinguished strangers within its limits. All the hotels were crowded with guests, while the residences of the leading citizens were opened to the reception of the distinguished visitors. General Grant, Senator Fenton, Generals Porter and Dent were the guests of Hon. J. M Francis of the Troy Daily Times. General Sherman was received by Hon. George B. Warren, and Postmaster General Creswell was entertained by S. B. Saxton. The clergymen officiating in the services at St. Paul's church, on the morning of the 8th, were : Right Rev. Bishop Doane, Rev. J. L. Reese, of Albany ; Rev. George H. Walsh, Rev. Dr. Coit, and Rev. Dr. Potter, of Troy. The procession moved from the church in the following order • Cavalry, Capt. Schwartzman, of Albany; Gen. Woodhall, com- manding Third Division N. G., and staff; Twenty-fifth Regiment, Col. Friedlander, of Albany ; Police, Capt. Cary ; Sullivan's Band ; Tenth Regiment, Col. Farnsworth, Albany ; Doring's Band ; Twen- ty-fourth Regiment, Col. Steenberg ; Battery B, Capt. Scott; Ben- nington Band ; Boshart's Zouaves ; Utica Veteran Zouaves ; Utica 256 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Citizens' Corps, Col. Davies ; Albany Burgesses Corps, Capt. Tay- lor ; Regular Troops, Gen. Brannan, commanding ; West Point Band , First Artillery Band ; Co. A of Regular Army, at Fort Col- umbus ; Co. M, First Artillery ; Co. D, First Artillery ; Co. A, U. S. Engineers ; Co. C, U. S. Engineers ; the Clergy, in carriages ; Hearse ; the General's horse and detail of Arsenal soldiers ; the pall bearers ; President Grant and Cabinet ; General Sherman, Sec- retary Creswell and Generals Dent and Porter, of the President's Staff; Com. Alden ; Mourners; Army officers ; Officers of the So- ciety of Cumberland ; Gen. Alden, marshal, and staff; Major Gen- eral McDowell and staff; Band of West Point; Band of Governor's Island ; the Senate committee ; the House of Representatives com- mittee ; Governor Hoffman and staff, the State Legislature ; Gen- erals Underwood and Hallowell ; Citizens of Indiana ; Generals Barnum and Avery ; Mayor and Common Council of Albany ; Gen- eral Meade's staff; officers of the Volunteer Army; Common Coun- cil of Troy. An immense concourse of people witnessed the funeral pro- cession, which was very long and imposing. The General was in- terred in Oakwood Cemetery, where now a graceful monument marks the place of his sepulcher. About nine o'clock on Wednesday night, March 23d, 1870, Nan- ning Vanderheyden was murdered in his barn, situated near the north boundary line of the city. His son-in-law, Edward B. Alex- ander, who had gone to the barn, rushed into the house of Nanning Vanderheyden, crying " murder," and directed the family to run up-stairs, while he went to a window in the upper story, kicked out the sash, and fired his revolver and a shot gun to alarm the neigh- bors. A neighbor to whom the servant girl had given information of the deed, repaired to the barn, where Nanning Vanderheyden was found in a dying condition with his skull crushed in. Just outside the building was found an iron pump handle, a mask, three gags, a bottle of powder and a drill. Edward B. Alexander stated that after he had drawn a pail of water, he followed his father-in-law, who had previously gone into the barn, and as he entered the build- ing he was met by a man who struck at him with a club, he receiv- ing the blow upon his arm, which he had raised to ward it off, and almost immediately after he felt a tingling sensation in his head, which on investigation was found marked with a wound evidently made with a knife. The wounds of Alexander at first favored the ^-tts^-— ^-°-n all BUILDING 1871 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 257 supposition that he was not connected with the commission of the crime, but the detectives, after some days of close examination of the case, and the circumstances relating to it, came to the conclusion that Alexander himself was the murderer. On Wednesday after- noon, March 29, Captain Squire and Detective Hurlbut, having a warrant for his arrest, drove up to the Vanderheyden house, where Alexander resided. The suspected man, who was sitting at a win- dow, observing the officers approaching, at once arose, and walked into an adjoining bedroom, where he seized a shot gun, and placing the muzzle to his forehead, pulled the trigger with his foot, shooting himself through the head and dying instantly. At his feet lay a let- ter, stating that he had murdered his father-in-law, and asking the forgiveness of the family. The Westminster Presbyterian Church, built as a mission chapel by the congregation of the Second Street Presbyterian Church, was dedicated on the 23d of October, 1870, Rev. Charles E. Robinson, D. D., conducting the exercises. Rev. James Marshall was the first pastor of the congregation. The Church was the outgrowth of a Sunday School which was organized on the first of January, 1869, under the superintendency of Edgar P. Schoonmaker, in a schoolhouse on the corner of Vail Avenue and Turner's Lane. It was organized on the 2d of November, 187 1, by a committee of the Presbytery of Troy, with forty-two members, under the name of the " Westminster Presbyterian Church of Troy." The following per- sons were elected the first officers of the congregation : Peletiah M. Hutton, Edward C. Townsend and William M. Waite, Elders ; and Jacob Lape and Henry Wheawill, Deacons. On the 7th of Decem- ber following the Trustees were elected : Benjamin F. Cragin, P. M. Hutton, Jacob Lape, J. Lundy, H. Morrison and E. C. Townsend. The Griswold Opera House was destroyed by fire on the first of April, 1871. The building was erected on the site of the Troy Adelphi, which was burned on the 10th of October 1862. The State Legislature, on the 15th of February, 1871, passed the bill to incorporate the Troy Masonic Hall Association, consisting of George Babcock, John S. Perry, Jesse B. Anthony, George F. Sims, Alexander B. King, Charles Cleminshaw, Robert B. Ranken, and other prominent members of the order. The capital stock was fixed at $75,000. On the 4th of March, 187 1, the association was fully organized with the following officers : George Babcock, Presi- 33 258 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. dent ; John L. Flagg, Vice President ; George F. Sims, Treasurer ; Jesse B. Anthony, Secretary. The corner-stone of the new Masonic Temple, on the west side of Third street, between Broadway and River streets, was laid with appropriate ceremonies by Past Grand Commander George Babcock, on the afternoon of August 2d, 187 1, and the building was dedicated April 2d, 1872. Its cost was $94,000. The bill to incorporate the Troy and West Troy Bridge Company was passed April 23, 1872. On the 6th of May following, the books of subscription to the capital stock were opened, and in a few days thereafter $380,900 had been subscribed, although the stock was limited by law to $150,000. On the 21st of May, the stockholders met and elected nine directors, and on the following day Hon. John A. Griswold was chosen President of the company. On the 12th of September work was begun on the bridge, Lamb & Donaldson re- ceiving the contract for the stone work and the Phillipsburgh Man- ufacturing Company the contract for the erection of the iron work. On Thursday, October 1st, 1874, the Bridge was finished, at a cost of $35°> 000 - Among the architectural structures in the city, most prominent in size, attractive in appearance and elaborate in decorative art, is the Savings Bank building on the north-east corner of Second and State streets. Early in the spring of 1870, the demolition of the old buildings on the present site of the bank was begun. During the succeeding five years, the foundations of the stately structure were laid, the strong walls were erected, and the interior decorations added, making it a building spacious in accommodation, and with few exceptions, one of the most durable and handsome edifices in the United States. The approximate cost of the ground and the erection of the building, was $535,000. The music hall, in the up- per part of the building, unequalled in beauty and embellishment, was formally opened on Monday evening, April 19th, 1875, by The- odore Thomas, with a grand orchestral concert. In December, 1874, the old Unitarian church building on Fourth street, near Broadway, was sold. The corner-stone of the new church, on the south-west corner of Fourth and State streets, was laid with appropriate ceremonies, on the 20th of May, 1875. The dedicatory services occurred on the fifteenth of Decem- ber following. The corner-stone of the new City Hall, which is in course of 1&EE3 EEE pttQl HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 259 erection on the south-east corner of Third and State streets, was laid by the Hon. George M. Tibbits, on the fifteenth day of November, 1875. On the afternoon of the 30th of November, 1875, the steamboat Sunnyside left Troy for New York. Although at the time of its departure ice was rapidly forming in the river, no doubts were en- tertained of a safe passage. As a precautionary measure, a wreck- ing vessel accompanied the boat beyond Albany. When in the vi- cinity of West Park she encountered floating ice, which began to impede her progress and to wear upon the boat. At last the pres- sure of ice broke in her hull, and she rapidly filled and sunk before she was able to make a landing. The place of the accident was about four miles north of Poughkeepsie. Eleven persons were drowned. This misfortune of the Sunnyside, entailing as it did a loss of more than seventy-five thousand dollars, immediately impelled the directors of the Troy Citizens' Steamboat Company to carry out a previous intention to build a larger and more excellent vessel. Forthwith a contract was made with John English & Son, of Green-point, L. I., to build the required boat, and with the Quintard Iron Works for an engine designed by Joseph Belknap. The new boat was successfully launched from the yard of the cele- brated builders on the first of April, 1876, and was christened the " City of Troy." On Thursday evening, the fifteenth of June, she left Pier No. 49, New York city, at 6.30 p. m., with a heavy load of freight and a large number of passengers and invited guests, on her first trip to Troy. Thousands of people crowded the wharves early on Friday morning, and when she passed, at seven o'clock, the draw of the Congress street bridge, loud huzzas greeted her ar- rival, while salvos of cannon and a chorus of steam whistles inter- mingling, gave her loud welcome. The extreme length of the City of Troy is three hundred feet, and extreme width seventy-eight feet. Admirably furnished and fitted, and commendably officered with experienced and capable men, the City of Troy enters upon the line of the Citizens' Com- pany with but few equals. One hundred and twelve large and well ventilated state-rooms, and one hundred and forty-eight comfort- able cabin berths, will pleasantly accommodate a large number of passengers, while her spacious promenade and hurricane decks afford abundant room for travelers to enjoy the delightful views 260 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. of the Hudson river by moonlight and during the early hours of morning. Among the special acts of commemoration which will distinguish the centennial anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, will be the presentation to the municipality of Philadelphia by Henry Seybert, a resident of that city, of a new bell for the tower of the old State House, made by Meneeley & Kimberly, of Troy. The bell was cast at their foundry on Saturday evening, April 23d, in the presence of one hundred ladies and gentlemen, to whom was granted the particular privilege of witnessing this important opera- tion. A suitable excavation had been made in the ground within the building, and into it were lowered the immense moulds in which the bell was to receive its proportionate shape. A spout through which the molten metal was to be conveyed, was laid from the fur- nace to the crown of the mould. After these and other necessary preparations, the melted metal was permitted to flow into the ma- trix. Without any mishap or impediment, the bell was successfully cast, and was taken out, a week thereafter, compact and perfect in all its parts. The project of furnishing this bell had been entertained for a number of years by Henry Seybert, but the matter was held in abeyance until Philadelphia had been selected for the Centennial Exhibition. The purpose of the donor was to make the bell to represent, in weight, the thirteen colonies, and in composition, the two national struggles, the war of the Revolution and that of the Rebellion. One thousand pounds was the proportioned rep- resentation of each colony, and the composition of the metal was to include a number of cannon used on several notable battle-fields. For this purpose the Government furnished four bronze cannon ; two, one Union and the other Confederate, from the battle-field of Gettysburg ; a third, a British field-piece captured at Saratoga from Gen. Burgoyne, and a fourth, used by General Gates at Bemis Heights. The copper was from the shores of Lake Superior. The purity and richness of these different metals was fully manifested in the superior polish of the immense surface, and the various inscrip- tions were brightly prominent in the beauty of their well cut letters. Encircling the crown are the words : " Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men." On the waist, one side : " Presented to the City of Philadelphia, July 4th, 1876, for the belfry of Independence Hall, by a citizen," and underneath, " Me- HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 26 1 neely & Kimberly, founders, Troy, N. Y." On the waist, opposite side, is " 1876," and beneath, the coat of arms of the United States, and the motto, " E pluribus unum." Encircling the mouth is the inscription of the old bell, " Proclaim liberty throughout all the land, unto all the inhabitants thereof. — Leviticus, chapter xxv, verse 10." Above this inscription is a circle of thirty-eight stars repre- senting the States. The Revolutionary heroes who gathered so frequently together at its sound to debate upon the imperilled rights of the colonies, will be recalled to mind, and although the old bell shall remain silent upon its pedestal in Independence Hall, a greater reverence will invest it and make it forever precious among the relics of the first century of the American Republic. Hushed is the sound which gave forth the joyful news of peace, and disenthrallment from British power and exaction, but the echoes will live eloquently in the new bell, whose first glorious mission will be to "proclaim Liberty through- out the land, unto all the inhabitants thereof." Yea, forever to " Ring out a slowly dying cause, And ancient forms of party strife ; Ring in the nobler modes of life, With sweeter manners, purer laws. " Ring out false pride in place and blood, The civic slander and the spite, Ring in the love of truth and right, Ring in the common love of good." The Wynants Kill, from the time that Wynant Gerritse van der Poel in 1674 purchased the saw mill then situated thereon, unto the present time, has been highly valued for its water privileges. John Brinkerhoff was the first person to establish upon its banks at a close remove from the river, a foundry and rolling mill, which after- wards was purchased by Erastus Corning, Sr., of Albany. By fre- quent enlargement, the small establishment was transformed into the present large and extensive mills and furnaces known for many years as the Albany Iron Works. The rolling mill on the meadow south of the Poesten Kill, erected by Le Grand Cannon & Co., in 1846, became, with other additional buildings, the property of John A. Griswold & Co., and were known as the Rensselaer Iron Works. These works, together with the Albany Iron Works, were consolidated in March, 1875, and now form the immense establishment of the Albany and Rensselaer Iron 262 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. and Steel Company, of which Erastus Corning is President ; Chester Griswold, Vice President , Selden E. Marvin, Secretary and Treas- urer ; James E. Walker, General Manager ; and Robert W. Hunt, General Superintendent. The honor of introducing the manufacture of Bessemer Steel into the United States is accorded to John A. Griswold, John F. Winslow and A. L. Holley, of Troy. The patents of Henry Besse- mer and Robert Mushet were purchased in England for these par- ties, by A. L. Holley and Z. S. Durfee, and the first experimental works were started in February, 1865, and the completed new works, or "five-ton plant," early in 1867. The different establishments belonging to the Albany and Rensse- laer Iron and Steel Company make them the most extensive iron and steel works in the country. In the several departments, separately considered, the following manufacturing operations and productions are embraced. The Rensselaer Iron Works are devoted to the roll- ing of steel and iron rails and bars, and the manufacture of mer- chant iron ; the Bessemer Steel Works to casting steel ingots, and rolling them into blooms for rails ; tne Albany Iron Works, to the production of merchant iron, axles, nail plate, angle and bridge iron ; the Star Forge, to making merchant iron and fish plates ; the Water Mills, to making nail plates, horse shoes and small iron ; the Nail mill, where nails of all sizes are still produced ; beside which the spike, bolt and rivet factories produce a variety of articles. The Company owns also the Columbia Furnace at Hudson, and a blast furnace at Fort Edward, in both of which are manufactured pig iron expressly for conversion into steel at the Bessemer Works in Troy. There are in use at the various mills and furnaces thirty- five steam engines, aggregating thirty-three hundred horse power, while the water mills employ the equivalent of five hundred horse power. Eighteen hundred workmen are employed, and the amount annually paid in wages averages $900,000. The yearly consumption of coal is upwards of one hundred and twenty thousand tons, and the annual production of iron and steel 90,000 tons. For the suc- cessful management of so vast an enterprise the most thorough bus- iness qualifications, together with an extended experience, is re- quired. In this regard Troy manufacturers have always held a pro- minent place in all their large industrial establishments. On the death of Henry Burden in 1S71, the Burden Iron Works became the property of his sons, who continued his immense busi- HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 263 ness under the firm name of H. Burden & Sons. The seventh day of December, 1867, William F. Burden died, and the ownership of the extensive establishments accrued to James A. and his brother I. Townsend Burden, the old firm name being continued. The old works located east of the river on the Wynant's Kill, are called the " Upper Works," and the later built furnaces, forges and rolling mill on the east bank of the Hudson, are named the " Lower Works." Connected .with these several manufactories are sixty puddling and twenty heating furnaces, fourteen trains of rolls, three rotary squeezers, nine horse shoe machines, each of which can make sixty horse shoes per minute, twelve rivet machines, ten large and fifteen small steam engines, seventy boilers and the great water wheel previously described. These works manufacture pig and merchant iron, horse and mule shoes, boiler rivets and railroad spikes. This great business gives employment to fourteen hundred persons. Exclusive of pig iron, the capacity of these establish- ments is forty thousand tons per annum, and in the manufacture of horse shoes six hundred thousand kegs per annum. Besides being the proprietors of the Iron Works, the firm owns a hematite ore mine and a charcoal blast furnace in Vermont, and an interest in the magnetic ore mines of the Port Henry Iron Ore Company on Lake Champlain, and valuable coal interests in Pennsylvania. Another leading industry of Troy which gives employment to a large body of men, is the manufacture of stoves. The stove found- dries of Troy are very extensive, one of which may be said to be the largest in the world. As early as the year 18 15 the manufac- ture of stoves was begun in Troy, and since that time it has grown to remarkable proportions. The great celebrity which the various stoves and heating furnaces made in Troy have attained throughout the United States and foreign lands, remarkably enhances this branch of its trade, and has a vast influence upon the local prosper- ity of the city. Troy stoves have been sent almost everywhere, even to the Black Sea, where they were transferred inland to the distance of two hundred and seventy miles on the backs of camels. In the year 1830, there were several stove foundries in operation in Troy, the combined business of which was estimated at $120,000 annually. There are now twenty-three firms engaged in the manu- facture of stoves, whose aggregate production amounts to nearly $5,000,000 This immense business affords employment to more than two thousand persons, whose annual wages reach the large 264 • HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. sum of $1,715,000. The direct capital employed in this branch of manufacture, is about $4,000,000. Troy bells, from their first manufacture by Julius Hanks until the present, have obtained a special prominence, and are known every- where for the purity of their tone, and strength of casting. The firms of Jones & Co., Meneely & Co., and Meneely & Kimberly are favorably known to hundreds of churches upon which are mounted their rich, mellow toned bells. The civil engineering and surveying instrument manufactory of W. & L. E. Gurley is the largest and most complete in its outfit in the country. These manufacturers enjoy a high reputation for the correctness and durability of their excellent instruments. Other manufactories for the production and fabrication of malle- able iron, machinery, car wheels, hosiery, cotton warps, paper, files, fire brick and other articles are located in Troy, and are sustained by an extensive patronage at home and abroad. The collar business in Troy is a very extensive one. The follow- ing description is a condensed history of this branch of Troy's man- ufacturing interests, and is taken from an article published in the Daily Press : "The manufacture of collars was an organized branch of busi- ness long before that of ready-made shirts. It was first established in Troy, which is now, as it has ever been, the <;hief seat of their manufacture in the United States. In this specialty, the want of a sufficient number of qualified operatives was for a long time a serious inconvenience ; indeed, previous to the invention of the sewing machine, ' the leading collar manufacturers of Troy were quite unable to fill their orders, although one house alone had on its books the names of 1,500 young women, then actively engaged in stitching and sewing. " The credit of first applying the use of the sewing machine to the manufacture of collars and cuffs appears to be divided between Jefferson Gardiner and our late townsman, O. W. Edson (of the firm of Bennett & Edson, now Bennett, Fellows & Co.) In the year 1855, O. W. Edson bought several machines and took them to his private residence, where he instructed the girls in his employ as to the method of working them. As soon as they attained a fair amount of proficiency, he removed the machines to his business establisment, where they have ever since remained. He subse- quently applied steam power to the sewing machine. This step ■ : :^.,v : - :••• . -, .. -o. -.-, ,_.r . ^ •..-. - & ir. TI ff@J£ Y.H.yohT HI I 1 ijll HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 265 inaugurated a new era in the trade. Its advantages were seen and appreciated. The business competitors at once followed their ex- ample. The collar business largely increased, and the cost to the consumer proportionately diminished. In the county of Rensselaer alone there are now no less than five thousand sewing machines in use in the collar manufacture. " In i860, Brown & Fields introduced the paper collar manufac- ture into Troy. The effect of this step was at first to materially di- minish the sales of the linen goods, but it was soon discovered that this new article in the market created for itself a demand, and thus established, it has since retained a separate class of consumers. The trade at present in linen collars and cuffs is larger than it ever has been." In making linen collars and cuffs twenty-five firms are engaged. The wages annually paid aggregate $1,373,000 ; capital actually em- ployed is $1,371,000; the number of dozens produced annually, 3,135,000. The total annual sales amount to more than four mil- lions of dollars. The business gives employment to nearly ten thou- sand women. Many of these are farmer's wives and daughters, who occupy their leisure hours in button-holeing, turning and stitching. Not only these, but a considerable number of women in comforta- ble circumstances in the city find this occupation an easy mode of supplying themselves with pocket money, many earning regularly from eight to twelve dollars per week. The country girls usually club together to present the stage driver with some gratuity, in consideration of which he carries in their work, collects their pay, and brings them back fresh work. The inventive skill and excellent workmanship of Troy's me- chanics, and the superior productions of her manufactures, early gained for them an enduring reputation and an extensive market. Troy coaches, Troy bells, Troy stoves, cars, collars, boats, horse shoes, nails, rails, machinery, engineering instruments, and other well known articles of its fabrication, are to be found in every State of the Union, in foreign lands, and the isles of the sea. Among the educational institutions of America, the Troy Female Seminary, while under the direction of its illustrious principal, Mrs. Emma Willard, had great fame, and drew around this distin- guished teacher the daughters of many prominent families through- out the United States. In later days the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute stands pre-eminent among the scientific schools, and its 34 266 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. graduates of the past fifty years are occupying honorable and re- sponsible positions in the national and state governments, and are found in prominent places with the leading engineers of foreign countries. St. Joseph's Provincial Seminary, so eligibly situated upon the eastern hill, has become, under the management of the Roman Catholic Church, a seat of theological instruction of great reputation among the northern ecclesiastical schools. The public schools of Troy are distinguished for the personal fitness and men- tal qualifications of the professors and teachers who intelligently instruct large numbers of children that attend them, and the various departments of each school building are furnished with the usual modern facilities of instruction. The different Church Homes, Asylums, and other eleemosynary institutions in the city are visible monuments of the charity and lib- erality of the people. The pastorates of the city's forty-five churches are filled by cler- gymen of refined culture, whose christian devotion and amiable solicitude for the spiritual interests of their large congregations have returned them the confidence and affection of their people. The practice of medicine and surgery, which began with Dr. Samuel Gale, and was followed by such distinguished individuals as as Dr. John Loudon, Dr. Moses Hale, Dr. Thomas C. Brinsmade and others, is still pursued by men whose ability and knowledge make them the honored compeers of their eminent predecessors The legal profession, which has left a long succession of brilliant names to adorn the records of the Troy bar, as those of Woodworth, Bird, Marcy, McConihe, Beach and Gould, embraces among its mem- bers men of extensive reading, discernment, and forensic ability. The editorial chairs of the three daily and two weekly newspapers are ably and intelligently occupied by journalists of marked experi- ence and talent. In music, the city of Troy has attained an acknowledged reputa- tion. Oratorios, choral and classical selections, have been rendered by the different associations with excellent effect, and have received the commendatory appreciation of large and critical audiences. The Young Men's Association, with its valuable library and ac- cessible reading rooms, has had a long and useful career. Under the able management of its successive officers, it has attained a position of great importance in the city, and continues to give pro- mise of more enlarged benefits and higher educative influences. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 267 The Troy Scientific Association following its noted precursor and prototype, the Troy Lyceum of Natural History, has developed a renewed interest in scientific pursuits, and is leading the people to an intelligent examination of the great wonders of natural science. The Troy Fire Department, unexcelled in the United States for the completeness of its organization, and the management of its steam apparatus, and for its rapid control of extensive fires, make it one of the prominent features of the city government. Within less than a century Troy has acquired a population of al- most fifty thousand persons. In 1790 it was a mere hamlet, contain- ing a cluster of houses, a small number of Dutch families, and a few New England emigrants. In 1795 it had become a county seat, hav- ing a court house, a jail, a church, and four hundred and fifty inhabi- tants. In 1816 it was an incorporated city with busy manufactories and an extensive business with the surrounding country. The early settlers of Troy were an acquisitive people, of strong prejudices and endowed with an indomitable spirit of active enter- prise. The nearness of their settlement to Lansingburgh, and the location of the village at the head of the ordinary navigation of the river, early placed them in an attitude inimical to the local interests of their more northern neighbor. These detrimental circumstances of character and situation were the primary causes of the jealousy and antagonism which early and long separated the mutual interests of the two aspiring villages. Their relative aims quickly evoked competition, but Troy with her superior advantages of situation, turned the tide of emigration from the open doors of the " New City," and concentrated the trade of the contiguous country around the busy centres of her own spacious warehouses. It was not long before Albany, early possessed of the trade of Western and North- ern New York, found a rival of unsuspected energy laying claim to it. When, after skillful planning and determined purpose, she en- tered the field to drive out the intruder and re-possess the land, the completeness of her discomfiture revealed her incompetency, and gave additional prestige to her daring competitor. Original in their enterprises, the people of Troy were subjected to various aspersions of adverse criticism. Although bold in concep- tion and almost prodigal in the use of their scanty means, the per- sistency of their well-directed efforts accomplished their undertak- ings, and obtained for them results highly beneficial. In the face of apparent failure, when their known poverty was an assurance of 268 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. the success of their wealthier competitors, their harmonious unifica- tion and combined gifts secured to them the location of the County buildings, to the great astonishment and chagrin of their over con- fident neighbors. When the water ways of the Erie and Champlain canals were first under consideration and the abettors of the under- taking assailed by every species of detraction, the people of Troy gave the project immediate support, and were among the earnest petitioners to the State Legislature for the passage of the necessary laws for the accomplishment of the great work. When Troy began to advocate the feasibility and the importance of a tunnel through the hidden depths of the Hoosac Mountain as a needed thoroughfare for railroad travel, the plan was deemed by many an absurdity, and its projectors fools. The completion of this stupenduous undertaking fully vindicates the character of the people who have seen the achievement of a work considered most impracticable. A people whose unflagging energies never drooped as they stood so often over the ashes of their burned homes, and viewed the im- palpable remains of the things which years of earnest industry had accumulated — who with new vigor rebuilt the waste places, and left no visible trace of three destructive fires — who preserved unim- paired through all the dark days of their misfortune, the city's credit and trade — these are the people whose history stirs the blood and ennobles humanity. While this retrospect of years clothes the past history of Troy with a brilliancy of action and of advancement rarely equalled, the future is already entering the open doors of the second century of American independence. To-day, the iooth anniversary of the republic, the streets of Troy are thronged with patriotic people, a long and imposing procession is moving with cadenced step to the inspiring music of many bands, and the church bells and chimes are joyfully ringing amid the echoing sounds of booming cannon. What shall be the history of Troy during the succeeding years of the next century ? Who are to be the men to take the mantles of the fathers of the city's wealth and progress, and give it greater name and prominence ? What splendors of architecture shall be reared along its streets, and what busy manufactories give it riches and long years of prosperity ? May the noble achievements of the past be the tokens of greater possibilities to be written by the future historians of the city of Troy. PRESIDENTS OF THE VILLAGE OF TROY. John McCoun, From 1798101799 Benjamin Gorton, Ephraim Morgan, John McCoun, Albert Pawling, Edward Tylee, _ Albert Pawling, Edward Tylee, Abraham Ten Eyck, _ Edward Tylee, Abraham Ten Eyck, Derick Lane, _ Albert Pawling, " 1799 ' ' 1800 " 1800 ' 1 1801 " 1801 ' ' 1802 " 1802 ' ' 1803 " 1803 ' ' 1804 " 1804 ' • 1805 " 1805 ' ' 1808 " 1808 ' ' 1810 " 1810 * ' 1811 " 1811 ' ' 1814 " 1814 ' ' 1815 " 1815 « 4 1816 Until 1806 the President was chosen from among the Trustees, subsequently the President of the Board of Trustees was annually appointed by the Governor and Council of Appointment. TRUSTEES OF THE VILLAGE OF TROY. i 79 8 Election held at the house of Howard Moulton May 15th, 179S. John McCoun, John Woodworth, Ebenezer Jones, Silas Covell, Benjamin Gorton. 1799. Election May 21st. 1799. Benjamin Gorton, John Woodworth, Ebenezer Jones, Abraham Ten Eyck, Albert Pawling. 1800. Election May 20, 1800. Ephraim Morgan, Ebenezer Jones, John Woodworth, George Tibbits, Albert Pawling. 1801. John McCoun, Ebenezer Jones, Edward Tylee, George Allen, John Woodworth. 1802. Albert Pawling, Timothy Hutton, Aaron Lane, David Buel, Jesse Bacon. 1803. Election. Third Tuesday in May, Edward Tylee, Benjamin Covell, Nathan Betts, Ruggles Hubbard, George Allen. 1804. Election, Third Tuesday in May. Albert Pawling, Edward Tylee, Benjamin Covell, Jeremiah Os- born, George Allen. 1805. Election, May 21st. Edward Tylee, Albert Pawling, Ebenezer Wilson, Benjamin Smith, Abraham Ten Eyck. 1806. Election, May 13th. 1st Ward — Silas Covell; 2d — Ephraim Morgan; 3d — Townsend McCoun • 4th — Timothy Hutton. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 271 1807. Election, May 14th 1 st Ward — Samuel Gale ; 2d — Ephraim Morgan ; 3d — Townsend McCoun; 4th — Timothy Hutton. 1808. Election, Second Tuesday in May. 1st Ward — Samuel Gale: 2d — Ephraim Morgan; 3d — Edward Tylee ; 4th — Timothy Hutton. 1809. Election, Second Tuesday in May. 1st Ward — Ebenezer Wilson, 2d ; 2d — Ephraim Morgan ; 3d — Edward Tylee ; 4th — Timothy Hutton. 1810. Election, Second Tuesday in May. 1st Ward — Daniel T. Wandell ; 2d — Hugh Peebles; 3d — Hum- phrey Clark; 4th — Timothy Hutton. 1811. Election, Second Tuesday in May. 1 st Ward — Hazard Kimberly ; 2d — Hugh Peebles; 3d — William Bradley; 4th — Lewis Richards, 1812. Election, Second Tuesday in May. 1st Ward — Elisha Sheldon; 2d — Hugh Peebles; 3d — William Bradley; 4th — Lewis Richards. 1813. Election, Second Tuesday in May. 1st Ward — Hazard Kimberly; 2d — Hugh Peebles; 3d — Esaias Warren 4th — Lewis Richards. 1814. Election. Second Tuesday in May. i st Ward — Ebenezer Wilson, 2d ; 2d — Hugh Peebles ; 3d — Esa- ias Warren ; 4th — Stephen Ross. 1815 Election Second Tuesday in May i st Ward — Henry Townsend; 2d — John Loudon; 3d — Esaias Warren, 4th — Ira Ford. CLERKS OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE VILLAGE OF TROY. Benjamin Gorton, From 1798 to 1800 Benjamin Smith, " 1800 " 1804 J. Moulton, " 1804 " 1805 Archibald Bull, " 1805 " 1806 Wm. M. Bliss, " 1806 " 1816 VILLAGE TREASURERS. Coonradt I. Elmendorf, From 1798 to 1799 Abraham Ten Eyck, " 1799 " 1805 Adam Keeling, " 1805 u 1814 David Buel, " 1814 " 1816 VILLAGE COLLECTORS. George Greenwood, From 1798101811 Edward Bigelow, " 1811 " 1812 George Greenwood, " 1812 " 1813 Leonard Reed, _ " 1813 " 1814 Elam Buel " 1814 " 1816 VILLAGE ASSESSORS. 1798. Edward Tylee, George Allen, Anthony Goodspeed. 1799. David Merritt, Benjamin Smith, George Allen. 1800. Benjamin Smith, Townsend McCoun, Aaron Lane. 1801. Thomas Davis, Thomas Hillhouse, Townsend McCoun. 1802. Thomas Davis, Thomas Hillhouse, Townsend McCoun. 1803. Benjamin Smith, John Stoughton, Jeremiah Osborn. 1804. Ebenezer Jones, Ebenezer Wilson, Benjamin Smith. 1805. Townsend McCoun, Daniel Merritt, Benjamin Covell. i8c6. 1st Ward — Samuel Gale ; 2d — John Boardman ; 3d — Daniel Merritt ; 4th — Benjamin Gilbert. 1807. 2d Ward — Derick Lane. Other Wards, no record. 1S08. 1st Ward — Ebenezer Wilson ; 2d — Thomas Hillhouse ; 3d — James Spencer ; 4th — Casper Fratt. 1809. 1st Ward — Moses Vail; 2d — Thomas Hillhouse; 3d — James Spencer; 4th — Casper Fratt. 1810. 1st Ward — Ebenezer Wilson; 2d — John Boardman; 3d — James Spencer ; 4th — Lewis Richards. 1811. No record. 35 2 74 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 1812. 1 st Ward — George Allen ; 2d — John Boardman ; 3d — Humphrey Clark ; 4th — Abraham Staples. 1813. 1 st Ward — Amos Salisbury; 2d — David Buel ; 3d — James Spen- cer ; 4th — William A. Tylee. 1814. 1st Ward — Amos Salisbury ; 2d — David Buel; 3d — Bela Canfield ; 4th — William Boggs. 1815. 1st Ward — Amos Salisbury; 2d — David Buel; 3d — Nathan Dauchy ; 4th — William Boggs. FIRE WARDENS OF THE VILLAGE OF TROY. 1798. Benjamin Covell, Moses Vail, David Buel, George Tibbits, Daniel Merntt, Ebenezer Jones, 1799. John Boardman. Moses Craft, Thomas Davis, Benjamin Covell, David Buel, Russell Lord. 1800. John Boardman, Moses Craft, Adam Keeling, Moses Doty, Na- thaniel Adams, Benjamin Gale. 1801. South Ward — Moses Vail, Anthony Goodspeed; Middle Ward — ■ George Tibbits, David Buel; North Ward — Derick Lane, Philip I. Fellows. 1802. South Ward — Samuel Gale, Samuel Taylor; Middle Ward — Ben- jamin Covell, Benjamin Tibbits; North Ward — Esaias Warren, Casper Fratt. 1803. 1 st Ward — Samuel Gale, Amos Salisbury; 2d — Albert Pawling, John Boardman; 3d — Derick Lane, Thomas Hillhouse; 4th — Cas- per Fratt, John B. Nazro. 1804. 1st Ward — Amos Salisbury, John Davis ; 2d — John Loudon, Ben- jamin Covell; 3d — Thomas Davis Derick Lane; 4th — Casper Fratt, Moses Craft. 1805. 1st Ward — John Bird, Amos Salisbury; 2d — Benjamin Covell, Francis Yvonett ; 3d — Derick Lane, Thomas Davis ; 4th — James Spencer, Casper Fratt. 1806. No record. 276 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 1807. 1 st Ward — Wm. S. Parker, Isaac Brinckerhoff, Jonathan Weedon ; 2d — Derick Lane, John Loudon, Guilford D. Young ; 3d — Thomas Davis, Nathan Bouton, Nathan Betts; 4th — Moses Craft, Jabez Burrows, Lewis Richards. 1808. 1st Ward — William S. Parker, Jonathan Weidon, John Sampson; 2d — George Tibbits, John Loudon, Guilford D. Young ; 3d — Nathan Bouton, Nathan Betts, Thomas Davis ; 4th — Peleg Bragg, Thomas Skelding, Lewis Richards. 1809. 1st Ward — Jonathan Weedon, Hazard Kimberly, Wm. S. Parker; 2d — Derick Lane, John Loudon, Consider White ; 3d — Amasa Paine, Jededian Tracy, Gurdon Corning ; 4th — Peleg Bragg, Elisha Miles, Jonathan Hatch. 1810 rst Ward — William S. Parker, Samuel Gale, Hazard Kimberly; 2d — Derick Lane, John Loudon, Consider White; 3d — Amasa Paine, Stephen Warren, Jedediah Tracy. 1811. 1st Ward — William S. Parker, James Adams, Samuel Gale; 2d — Derick Lane, John Loudon, Consider White ; 3d — Amasa Paine, Nathan Dauchy, Jedediah Tracy, 4th — James Mallory, Stephen H. Herrick, Gardner Craft. I8T2. 1st Ward — James Adams, Dutcher Slason, Amos Salisbury; 2d — Joseph Weld, Benjamin Smith, Isaac Snedekor ; 3d — Amasa Paine, Hezekiah Eldridge, Nathan Dauchy ; 4th — Gardner Craft, James Williams, Joseph Plumb. 1813. rst Ward — James Mann T James Adams, George Lent ; 2d — Asa Gardner, Derick Y. Vanderheyden, Joseph Weld; 3d — Amasa Paine, Nathan Dauchy, Hezekiah Eldridge ; 4th — Joseph Plumb, Jabez Burrows, Alsop Weed. 1814. 1 st Ward— William S. Parker, George Lent, John Sampson; 2d— Derick Y Vanderheyden, Joseph Weld, John Kimberly ; 3d — Amasa Paine, William Bradley, James Spencer ; 4th— Stephen H. Herrick, Alsop Weed, Jabez Burrows. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 277 1815. 1st Ward — William S. Parker, George Lent, John Sampson; 2d — Asa Gardner, Derick Y. Vanderheyden, Joseph Weld ; 3d — Amasa Paine, William Bradley, James Spencer ; Leonard Reed, Jabez Burrows, Alsop Weed. VILLAGE FIRE ENGINEERS. 1808. Chief Engineer — George Tibbits ; 1st assistant — Nathan Brown- son; 2d — Peleg Bragg; 3d — Jonathan Weedon. 1809. Chief — Jonathan Weedon ; 1st assistant — Derick Lane ; 2d — Amasa Paine ; 3d — Peleg Bragg. 1810. Chief — Wm. S. Parker; 1st assistant — Derick Lane; 2d — Amasa Paine ; 3d — Peleg Bragg. 1811. Chief — Wm. S. Parker; 1st assistant — Derick Lane; 2d — Amasa Paine ; 3d — James Mallory. 1812. Chief — Wm. S. Parker; 1st assistant — Derick Lane; 2d — Amasa Paine ; 3d — James Mallory. 1813. Chief — Amasa Paine ; 1st assistant — James Mann; 2d — Asa Gard- ner; 3d — Jabez Burrows. 1814. Chief — Wm. S. Parker; 1st assistant — Amasa Paine; 2d — Asa Gardner; 3d — Jabez Burrows. 1815. Chief — Wm. S. Parker; 1st assistant — John Loudon ; 2d — Gurdon Corning ; 3d — Jabez Burrows. MAYORS OF TROY. Albert Pawling, From Esaias Warren, " Samuel McCoun, " George Tibbits, " Richard P. Hart, '• Jonas C. Heartt, " Gurdon Corning, " Francis N. Mann, " Day O. Kellogg, " Hanford N. Lockwood, " Joseph M. Warren, " George Gould, " Foster Bosvvorth, " Elias Plum, " Jonathan Edwards, " John A. Griswold, " Hiram Slocum, " Alfred Wotkyns,.. „" Arba Read, " Isaac McConihe, Jr., " George B. Warren, Jr, " James Thorn, " William L. Van Alstyne, " James Thorn, " Uri Gilbert, " JohnL Flagg, " Miles Beach, " Uri Gilbert, " Thomas B. Carroll, " William Kemp, " Edward Murphy, Jr., " 1816 to 1820 1820 1828 1828 u 1830 1830 a 1836 1836 (< 1838 1838 « 1843 1843 « 1847 1847 <« 1850 Nov Dec 1850 to Nov., 1850 , i85oto March, 1851 1851 to 1852 1852 " 1853 1853 to Dec, 1853 , 1853 to March, 1854 1854-- . to . --I855 1855 u 1856 1856 ti 1857 1857 It 1858 1858 It i860 i860 << l86l 1861 H 1862 1862 <( 1863 1863 M 1864 1864 U 1865 1865 U 1866 1866 « 1868 1868 « 1870 1870 a 1871 1871 « 1873 1873 <( 1875 1875 M 1877 RECORDERS OF TROY. William L. Marcy, From 1816 to 1818 Amasa Paine, _ _ " 1818 " 1821 William L. Marcy, " 1821 " 1823 Thomas Clowes, " 1823 " 1828 Daniel Gardner, " 1828 " 1833 John P. Cushman, " 1833 " 1838 Henry W. Strong, " 1838 " 1844 Abram B. Olin, ._ " 1844 " 1848 Job S. Olin, " 1848 " 1852 Gilbert Robertson, Jr., " 1852 " 1856 Clarence Buel, " 1856 " i860 John Moran, " i860 " 1864 John Moran, " iS6a " 1868 The office of Recorder was abolished by Act of the Legislature, April 17, 1867, to take effect January 1, 1868. ALDERMEN. The following are the names of the Aldermen and of the Wards which they represented in the Common Councils of the City of Troy, from its incorporation April 12, 1816, to 1877. 1816. Ward. Aldermen. Assistants. I.. ..George Allen, Amos Salisbury. 2.. ..Hugh Peebles, John Loudon. 3-- ..Townsend McCoun, Gurdon Corning. 4-- ..Stephen Ross, Henry Mallory. 5- ..Lemuel Hawley. 6.. ..Philip Hart, Jr. i* !i 7 . i._ ..George Allen, Henry Swartwout. 2.. ..Hugh Peebles, John Loudon. 3-- ..Townsend McCoun, David Buel, Jr. 4« _.John Reid, Henry Mallory. 5-- ..Henry I. Tobias. 6.. ..Nathaniel Adams. 1818. 1 .. ..Henry Swartwout, Ira M. Wells. 2__ ..Hugh Peebles, Ebenezer Wiswall. 3-- ..Townsend McCoun, David Buel, Jr. 4-- ..John Reid, Jared Weed. 5-- ..Lemuel Hawley. 6.. ..Nathaniel Adams. i£ !i 9 . 1 .. ..Henry Swartwout, David S. Wendell. 2_. ..Hugh Peebles, Ebenezer Wiswall. 3-- ..Townsend McCoun, David Buell, Jr. 4-- ..John Reid, John Woodworth, Jr. 5-- ..Jesse Tracy. 6.. ..Nathaniel Adams. 36 282 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 1820. ird. Aldermen. Assistants. I .Henry Swartwout, David S. Wendell. 2 .Hugh Peebles, Ebenezer Wiswall. 3--- .Townsend McCoun, David Buel, Jr. 4--- .Stephen Ross, Joseph Gary. 5--- .Jesse Tracy. 6... .Nathaniel Adams. 1821. i__. .Henry Swartwout, David S. Wendell. 2... ..Ebenezer Wilson, Jr., Elias Pattison. 3--- ..Townsend McCoun, Hugh Peebles. 4__. ..Stephen Ross, John G. Vanderheyden 5 — ..Jesse Tracy. 6... ..Nathaniel Adams. 1822. i... ..David S. Wendell, Gilbert Giles. 2... ..Derick Lane, Jonas C Heartt. 3-- ..Townsend McCoun, Hugh Peebles. 4-- ..Stephen Ross, Leonard Reed. 5-- ..Jesse Tracy. 6.. ..Nathaniel Adams. 1823. 1 .. ..David S. Wendell, Gilbert Giles. 2.. ..Benjamin Smith, Jonas C. Heartt. 3-- ..Amasa Paine, 1 ' Thaddis Mead 4-- ..Stephen Ross, Leonard Reed. 5-- ..Jesse Tracy. 6.. ..Stephen V. R. Schuyler. 1824. i._ ..Ephraim Morgan, Joseph Hastings. 2.. ..William Pierce, John Woodworth, Jr. 3-- ..Nathan Dauchy, Jeremiah Chichester. 4-- ..Stephen Ross, Leonard Reed. S-- ..Jesse Tracy. 6__ ..Isaac Lovejoy. 1825. 1 .. ..Ephraim Morgan, Israel Seymour. 2__ ..Isaac Snedikor, Elias Pattison. 3-- ..Townsend McCoun, Jeremiah Dauchy. 1 Died January, 1823. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 283 Ward. Aldermen. Assistants. 4- . ..Alsop Weed, John Lamport. 5- . ..Jesse Tracy. 6.. ...Abraham \V. De Freest. 1826. 1.. ...Stephen Covell, Josiah Converse. 2 .. ...Isaac Snedikor, Daniel Gardner. 3-- ...Townsend McCoun, Jeremiah Dauchy. 4-- ...Alsop Weed, Uriah Wallace. 5- ...Jesse Tracy. 6.. ...Daniel H. Stone. 1827. I.. ..Stephen Covell, Josiah Converse. 2.. ..Isaac Snedikor, Calvin Warner. 3-- ..Townsend McCoun, Jeremiah Dauchy. 4- ... Alsop Weed, Uriah Wallace. 5- ... Jesse Tracy. 6.. ..Daniel H. Stone. 1828. i_. ..Josiah Converse, Joseph Weld. 2.. ..Isaac Snedikor, Calvin Warner. 3- ..Townsend McCoun, Jeremiah Dauchy, 4- ..Stephen Ross, Adam Smith. 5- ..Jesse Tracy. 6.. ..Thomas Fenner. 1 1829. 1 Stephen Covell, 2 William Pierce, 3 2 Isaac Snedikor, 3 Townsend McCoun, 4 Stephen Ross, 5 Rufus R. Belknap. 6 Thomas Turner, Jr. 1 William Kelsey, 2 Calvin Warner, 3 Townsend McCoun, 1830. Isaac Wellington. Calvin Warner. Jeremiah Dauchy. Adam Smith. Philip J. Brandt.* Isaac Wellington. Henry Landon. Jeremiah Dauchy. 134 Elected to fill vacancy. 2 Resigned May 19, 1829. 284 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Ward. Aldermen. Assistants. 4... . Stephen Ross, Ebenezer Wood. 5 — .Thomas Cole. 6... .Oliver L. Sears. 1831. 1 .William Kelsey, Benjamin M. Wilson. 2 .Calvin Warner, Henry Landon. 3--- .Tovvnsend McCoun, Jeremiah Dauchy. 4--- .Stephen Ross, Ebenezer Wood. 5 — .Rums R. Belknap. 6... .Thomas Turner, Jr. 1832. 1 .Jacob Danker, Benjamin M. Wilson. 2 .Calvin Warner, Henry Landon, 3— .Townsend McCoun, Jeremiah Dauchy. 4— - .Stephen Ross, Ebenezer Wood. 5— .Hezekiah C. Arnold. 6... .Philip Ford. 1833. 1 .Robert Christie, Lorenzo D. Caldwell. 2 .Calvin Warner, Thomas Clowes. 3 — .Townsend McCoun, George B. Warren. 4--- .Anson Arnold, Ebenezer Wood. 5--- .Apollos Harvey. 6... .Philip Ford. 1834. 1 .Israel Seymour, John Silliman. 2 .Calvin Warner, Thomas Clowes. 3— .Townsend McCoun, George B. Warren. 4--- .Anson Arnold, Ebenezer Wood. 5 — .Thomas Knight. 6... .Philip Ford. 1835. 1... .Israel Seymour, John Silliman. 2... .Calvin Warner, Thomas Clowes. 3— .George B. Warren, Jacob Dater. 4... ..William D. Haight, James Wallace. 5--- .Apollos Harvey. 6... ..Philip Ford. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 285 1836. Ward. Aldermen. Assistants. I . Israel Seymour, John Silliman. 2. James H. Wilner, Thomas Clowes. 3- George B. Warren, Jacob Dater. 4- James Wallace, Robert D. Silliman. 5- Thomas Bumstead, Jr. 6. Thomas Turner. i837- i. Israel Seymour, Ebenezer Wilson. 2. James H. Wilner, Joseph Snedikor. 3- George B. Warren, Ebenezer Prescott. 4- James Wallace, Robert D. Silliman. 5- Amos Robinson. 6. ... David M. Defreest. 7- Otis Sprague, Caleb Slade. 8. ...Albert P. Heartt. 1838. 1 . John Silliman, John R. Kimberly. 2. Thomas Clowes, Lyman Powers. 3- George B. Warren, Asa Gardner. 4- Elias Dorlon, Henry Everts. 5- Jesse Tracy. 6. Philip Ford. 7- Hiram Slocum, Oliver Boutwell. 8. ...Albert P. Heartt. 1839. 1 _. John R. Kimberly, Leroy Mowry. 2. Lyman Powers, Jairus Dickerman. 3- George B. Warren, Asa Gardner. 4- Henry Everts, Jonathan Childs. 5- Thomas Bumstead, Jr. 6. ...Philip Ford. 7- Hiram Slocum, Titus Eddy. 8. ...Moses I. Winne. 1840. 1 .. ...John G. Buswell, Ephraim S. Morgan. 2.. Lyman Powers, Samuel G. Huntington, 3- ...Asa Gardner, Uri Gilbert. 4-- . ..Livy S. Stearns, Jonathan Childs t 286 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Ward. 5- 6. 7- Aldermen. .Amos Robinson. .Peter Barnes. Jesse Anthony, .John Conkey. .Moses Warren, .Lyman Powers, .Asa Gardner, .Henry Everts, .John Rankin, .Peter Barnes. .Thomas Symonds, .Sylvester Norton. .John Barney, .Daniel Wight, .George B. Warren, .Daniel G. Egleston, .Amos Robinson. .Thomas Osgood. .Thomas Symonds, .Martin I. Townsend. .Israel Seymour, .George Vail, _Uri Gilbert, .Daniel G. Egleston, .Amos Robinson. . Philip Ford. .Thomas Symonds, .Russell Sage. .Israel Seymour, .Francis N. Mann, .Uri Gilbert, .Jared S. Weed, .Jesse Tracy 2d. .Nathaniel Copp. .John S. Perry, ..Russell Sage. Assistants. 184I. 1842. 1843. 1844. Thomas Symonds. Apollos Harvey. Samuel G. Huntington. Uri Gilbert. Livy S. Stearns. James De Groff. Rufus M. Townsend. James W. Brooks. Uri Gilbert. Jared S. Weed. Aaron Hall. Charles E. Brintnall. Barent Van Alen, Samuel Kendrick. Jared S. Weed. Hiram D. Peirce. Charles E. Brintnall. Uriel Dexter. Samuel Kendrick. Lyman Bennett. Alexander Mc Coy. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 287 1845. Ward. Aldermen. Assistants. I-- ..Charles E. Brintnall, Benjamin Hatch. 2._ ..Francis N. Mann, Harvey Smith. 3-- ..Samuel Kendrick, William Hagen. 4-- ..Stephen Bowman, Elias Johnson. 5-- ..Abraham A. Wemple. 6_. ..Philip Ford. 7- ..John S. Perry, Alexander Mc Co 8__ ..Russell Sage. 1846. I-. ..Charles E. Brintnall, Benjamin Hatch. 2 .. ..Francis N. Mann, Harvey Smith. 3-- ..Uri Gilbert, William Hagen. 4-- ..Stephen Bowman, Henry Everts. 5-- ..Joseph W. Ager. 6._ ..John Knowlson. 7-- ..Harvey Mosher, Henry S. Chiches 8.. ..Russell Sage. 1847. i._ ..John C. Mather, Benjamin Hatch. 2-_ ..Andrew Watrous, Elias Ross. 3— ..Uri Gilbert, Samuel Kendrick, 4-- ..James Dana, Henry Everts. 5-- ..Peter Fonda. 6._ ..George W. Merchant. 7-- ..William Barton, Thomas Bussey. 8.. ..Russell Sage. Office of Assistant Alderman abolished, but the Fifth, Sixth and Eighth Wards have only one Alderman each. 1 Benjamin Hatch, 2 Andrew Watrous, 3 Hanford N. Lockwood, 4 James Dana, 5 William W. Cooper. 6 Lewis Fellows. 7 William Barton, 8 Russell Sage. Jason J. Gillespy. Elias Ross. Harvey Smith. Leonard McChesney. Thomas Bussey, 288: HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 1849. fard. Aldermen. Aldermen. I. Benjamin Hatch, jason J. Gillespy. 2. Elias Ross, Eber F. Crandall. 3- Hanford N. Lockwood, Harvey Smith. 4- Leonard McChesney, Jesse Moore. 5- Joseph W. Ager. 6. Angus Campbell. 7- Thomas Bussey, Dexter Moody. 8. Russell Sage. 1850. 1. William F. Sage, John C. Mather. 2. Eber F. Crandall, Joseph F. Simmons. 3- Hanford N. Lockwood, Hiram Smith. 4- Harvey Mosher, John C. Cameron. 5- John L. Cole, 6. James Jordan. 7- Jacob Jacobs, Alexander G. Halsted. 8. Charles W. Thompson. 1851. 1. ...John N. Willard, Kyran Cleary. 2. Eber F. Crandall, Joseph Stackpole. 3- Harvey Smith, Hiram Smith. 4- Harvey Mosher, William Ingram. 5- Joseph W. Ager. 6. Winant Bennett. 7- Alexander G. Halsted, James Bolton. 8. Charles W. Thompson. 1852. i. Lyman R. Avery, Foster Bosworth. 2. Joseph F. Simmons, Uriel Dexter. 3- Hiram Smith, James Forsyth. 4- George H. Starbuck, William Ingram. 5 ...Joseph W. Ager. 6. William Cooper. 7. James Bolton, Alexander G. Halsted. 8. George R. Davis, Jonathan Edwards. 9- ...Michael Mc Grath. 10. William Eddy. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 289 1853. Pard. Aldermen. Aldermen. I... ..Isaac McConihe, Jr. Leonard Haight. 2-_ ..Darius Allen, C. L. McArthur. 3« ..Hiram Smith, Harvey Smith. 4— ..George H. Starbuck, Volney Richmond. 5 — ..John M. Fonda. 6... ..Angus Campbell. 7— ..James Bolton, Nathan Brownson. 8... ..George R. Davis, Daniel Lucy. 9... ..Michael Mc Grath. IO... ..William Eddy. 1854. 1... ..Lyman R. Avery, Walter J. Seymour. 2... ..John B. Gale, Darius Allen. 3--- ..Harvey Smith, Hiram Smith. 4... ..Volney Richmond, Myron Hamblin. 5--- ..Edward A. Billings. 6... ..William Cooper. 7... ..John Anthony, Joseph Gary. 8... ..John Kerr, Alphonzo Bills. 9... ..Michael Mc Grath. IO._. ..Edward R. Swasey. 1855- 1... ..Isaac McConihe, Jr. James R. Fonda. 2... ..Darius Allen, Richard H. Pattison, 3--- ..Hiram Smith, Oliver A. Arnold. 4... ..Henry Merritt, Evert Ostrander. 5 — ..William H. Cary, William C. Sherman, 6... ..Thomas B. Carroll, W T illiam Cooper. 7... ..James Bolton, Uriel Dexter. 8... ..John B. Kellogg, Edward Campion. 9... ..Dudley Blanchard, John Harrity, Sr. IO... ..Samuel S. Sargent, Russell Ingraham. 1856. i... ..Isaac N. Haight, James Leonard. 2... ..Joseph Fales, Richard H. Pattison. 3--- ..Harvey Smith, Oliver A. Arnold. 4... ..Henry Merritt, Gurdon B. Wallace 5--- ..John L. Cole, Peter J. Fonda. 37 290 Ward. 6.. 7-- 8.. 9-- 10.. i. 2. 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- 10. 1. 2. 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- 10. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Aldermen. .Angus Campbell, .John M. Bogardus, .Martin I. Townsend, .Thomas Norton, .Russell Ingraham, .Isaac N. Haight, .Joseph Fales, .Harvey Smith, .Henry Merritt, .John L. Cole, .Angus Campbell, .John M. Bogardus, .Martin I. Townsend, .Thomas Norton, .Russell Ingraham, .Lyman R. Avery, ..George Tibbits, ..Thomas Coleman, ..Jeremiah D. Green, ..William H. Cary, ..Mark V. Thompson, ..John Anthony, ..Edward Campion, ..Dudley Blanchard, ..Leonard Smith, 1 2 3--- 4--- 5--- 6... 7... 8... 9... 10 1857. 1858. 1859. .Isaac N. Haight, .Joseph Fales, .Harvey Smith, .Robert I. Moe, .Zebulon P. Birdsall, .Archibald Hutchinson, .William L. Van Alstyne. .Alonzo McConihe, .Thomas Norton, .John Archibald, Aldermen. Mark V. Thompson. William H. Jackson. Edward Campion. Dudley Blanchard. Abram Winne. Lyman R. Avery. George Tibbits. Thomas Coleman. Jeremiah D. Green. William H. Cary. Mark V. Thompson. John Anthony. Edward Campion. Dudley Blanchard. Leonard Smith. Isaac N. Haight. Joseph Fales. Harvey Smith. Robert I. Moe. Zebulon P. Birdsall. Archibald Hutchinson. William L. Van Alstyne. Alonzo McConihe. Thomas Norton, John Archibald. James Thorn. George Tibbits. Thomas Coleman. Gurdon B. Wallace. William H. Cary. William Cooper. John Anthony. Miles Beach. Patrick Regan. Hiram A. Ferrruson. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 29I i860. Ward. Aldermen. Aldermen. I.. ..James Thorn, James McKeon. 2... ..George Tibbits, Joseph Fales. 3-- ..Thomas Coleman, William S. Earl. 4-- . .Gurdon B. Wallace, William Gurley. 5-- ..William H. Cary, Zebulon P. Birdsall. 6... ..William Cooper, Mark V. Thompson. 7... ..John Anthony, Patrick Murphy. 8... ..Miles Beach, Thomas McManus. 9-- ..Patrick Regan, Thomas Norton. 10... ..Hiram A. Ferguson, Charles Eddy. 1861. i... ..James McKeon, William Donohue. 2... ..Joseph Fales, William Madden. 3-- ..George H. Starbuck, Otis G. Clark. 4... ..William Gurley, Gurdon B. Wallace. 5--- . .Zebulon P. Birdsall, William C. Badeau. 6... ..Mark V. Thompson, George S. Bord. 7— ..Patrick Murphy, Hugh Ranken. 8... ..Thomas McManus, James Fleming. 9-.. ..Thomas Norton, Patrick Regan. 10... ..Charles Eddy, John L. Messer. 1862. i._. ..William Donohue, James McKeon. 2... ..William Madden, Joseph Fales. 3— ..Otis G. Clark, George H. Starbuck. 4... ..Gurdon B. Wallace, William Gurley. 5-- ..William C. Badeau, John B. Gary. 6... ..George S. Bord, Robert T. Smart. 7— ..Hugh Ranken, Michael Fitzgerald 8... ..James Fleming, Thomas McManus. 9-- ..Patrick Regan, John J. Grace. 10... ..John L. Messer, Charles Eddy. 1863. 1... ..James McKeon, John Stanton. 2__. ..Joseph Fales, Malcolm G. Crawford. 3-- ..George H. Starbuck, James R. Prentice. 4--. ..William Gurley, Jeremiah D. Green. 292 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Ward. 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- io. i . 2 . 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- io. i. 2. 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- 8.. 9- 10. i .. 2. . 3- 4- 5-' 6.. 7-. 8.. 9- io.. Aldermen. .John B. Gary, .Robert T. Smart, .Michael Fitzgerald, .Thomas McManus, John J. Grace, .Charles Eddy, 1864. John Stanton, .Malcolm G. Crawford, .James R. Prentice, Jeremiah D. Green, William J. Ranken, .George S. Bord, .Lawrence Van Valkenburgh, .James Fleming, .Patrick Regan, .Titus E. Eddy, .Edward Murphy, Jr. .Joseph Fales, .George H. Starbuck, .Robert Morris, .Thomas T. Hislop, .Robert T. Smart, .Michael Fitzgerald, . Thomas McManus, .Thomas Norton, .Gordon Hay, .John Stanton, .Isaac N. Haight, .James R. Prentice, .William Kemp, .William Cox, .Henry Evans, .William J. Sands, .James Fleming, .James Harrity, .Henry D. Stannard, 1865. 1866. Aldermen. William J. Ranken. George S. Bord. Lawrence Van Valkenburgh. James Fleming. Patrick Regan. Titus E. Eddy. Edward Murphy, Jr. Joseph Fales. George H. Starbuck. • Robert Morris. Thomas T. Hislop. Robert T. Smart. Michael Fitzgerald. Thomas McManus Thomas Norton. Gordon Hay. John Stanton. Isaac N. Haight. James R. Prentice. William Kemp. William Cox. Edwin Sears. William J. Sands. James Fleming. James Harrity. Henry D. Stannard. John D. Spicer. Joseph Fales. George H. Starbuck. William E. Kisselburgh. Joseph B. Morris. Edwin Sears. John Maloney. Dennis O'Loughlin. Thomas Norton. Albert L. Hotchkin. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 293 Ward. I . 2. 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- 10. 1 . 2. 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- 10. 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- 10. 1 . 2. 3- 4- 5- 1867. Aldermen. .John D. Spicer, .Joseph Fales, .George H. Starbuck, .William E. Kisselburgh, Joseph B. Morris .Henry Evans, John Maloney, .Dennis O'Loughlin, .Thomas Norton, .Albert L. Hotchkin, Hugh Rock, .Isaac N. Haight, .James R. Prentice, .John M. Bogardus, .Edward Carter, .Edwin Sears, .Edmund Fitzgerald, .James Fleming, .John Maguire, .Ira M. Perkins, .Thomas Galvin, .Joseph Fales, .George H. Starbuck, .Henry A. Merritt, .Joseph B. Morris, .James Maloney, .Jeremiah Mahoney, .Dennis O'Loughlin, James Maher, .A. L. Hotchkin, .Edward Kelly, .Isaac N. Plaight, .James R. Prentice, .John M. Bogardus, Jacob F. Mealey, 1868. 1869. 1S70. Aldermen. Hugh Rock. Isaac N. Haight. James R. Prentice. John M. Bogardus. Edward Carter. Edwin Sears. Edmund Fitzgerald. James Fleming. John Maguire. Ira M. Perkins. Thomas Galvin. Joseph Fales. George H. Starbuck. Henry A. Merritt. Joseph B. Morris. James Maloney. Jeremiah Mahoney. Dennis O'Loughlin. James Maher. A. L. Hotchkin. Edward Kelly. Isaac N. Haight. James R. Prentice. John M. Bogardus. Jacob F. Mealey. John Marr. Edmund Fitzgerald. William V. Cleary. William Peters. Leonard Wager. Patrick Carey. Joseph Fales. George H. Starbuck. Henry A. Merritt. William Collins. 2 9 4 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Ward. Aldermen. Aldermen. 6... .John Marr, James Shaughnessy. 7--- .Edmund Fitzgerald, John Don. 8... .William V. Cleary, Dennis O'Loughlin. 9--- .William Peters, Michael Russell. IO .Leonard Wager, John L. Messer. ii .Edward Hannon, Martin Hunt. 12 .Thomas McManus, James Breen. 13--- .James Euson, G. Frederick Bond. 1871. I .Patrick Carey, Edward Kelly. 2 .Joseph Fales, Charles Doring. 3--- .George H. Starbuck, Chauncey 0. Greene. 4--- .Henry A. Merritt, George H. Phillips. 5--- .William Collins, Jacob F. Mealey. 6... .James Shaughnessy, John Marr. 7--- .John Don, Edward Fitzgerald. 8... .Dennis O'Loughlin, William V. Cleary. 9--- .Michael Russell, Jeremiah O'Sullivan. IO .John L. Messer, William A. Hartnett. ii .Martin Hunt, Edward Hannon. 12 .James Breen, Thomas McManus. 13... _G. Frederick Bond, James Euson. 1872. I .Edward Kelly, Patrick Carey. 2 .Charles Doring, J. Lansing Lane. 3— - -Chauncey 0. Greene, Joseph B. Wilkinson, Jr 4... .George H. Phillips, Ebenezer R. Collins. 5--- -Jacob F. Mealey, William Collins. 6... .John Marr, James Shaughnessy. 7... .Edmund Fitzgerald, Patrick Organ. 8... .William V. Cleary, Dennis O'Loughlin. 9--- -Jeremiah O'Sullivan, Hugh Treanor. 10 .William A. Hartnett, Oliver Boutwell. 11 .Edward Hannon, Martin Hunt. 12 .Thomas McManus, James Breen. 13... .James Euson, John C. Mealey. i873. 1 .Patrick Carey, James C. Shanley. 2 .J. Lansing Lane, Francis N. Mann, Jr. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 295 Ward. 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- 10. 11 . 12- 13- I. 2. 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- 10. 11 . 12. 13- 1 . 2 . 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- 8. 9- 10. 11 . 12. 13 Aldermen. .Joseph B. Wilkinson, Jr., .Ebenezer R. Collins, .William Collins, .James Shaugnessy, .Patrick Organ, .Dennis O'Loughlin, .Hugh Treanor, Jr., .Oliver Boutwell, . Martin Hunt, .John Moran, .John C. Mealey, _H. D. Markstone, .Michael Niles, .John M. Landon, .George Churchill, .Irving Hayner, .Patrick Flanigan, .Joseph Burns, .William Hanlon, .John J. Fallon, .Michael R. Manning, ..Christopher Behan, ..Daniel O'Sullivan, ..John C. Mealey, ..H. D. Markstone, ..Michael Niles, ..John M. Landon, . . George Churchill, ..Irving Hayner, ..Patrick Flannigan, ..Daniel Burns, ..William Hanlon, ..John J. Fallon, ..Michael R. Manning, ..Christopher Behan, ..Daniel O'Sullivan, ..John C. Mealey, 1874. 1875. Aldermen. Chauncey O. Greene. George H. Phillips. Jacob F. Mealey. Anthony Fitzgerald. Daniel Burns. Edmond Stanton. Michael Looby. Thomas Farrell. Edward Hannon. W. B. Stapleton. Lee Chamberlin. James C. Shanley. Francis N. Mann, Jr. Chauncey O. Greene. George H. Phillips. Jacob F. Mealey. Anthony Fitzgerald. Daniel Burns. Dennis O'Loughlin. Michael Looby. Thomas Farrell. Edward Hannon. W. B. Stapleton. Lee Chamberlin. John J. Murphy. Francis N. Mann, Jr Gilbert Geer, Jr. George H. Phillips. Edward Carter. Anthony Fitzgerald. Joseph Burns. Maurice Hartigan. Walter Myers. Daniel Dunn. Edward Hann6n. W. B. Stapleton. Christian W. Rnpp. 296 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 1876. Ward. Aldermen. I -- ..J. Le Roy Pine, 2 __ ..Luther A. Flint, 3-- ..John M. Landon, 4-- ..George Churchill, 5-- ..Nelson Pramer, 6.. ..James Shaughnessy, 7-- ..Joseph Burns, 8.. ..Michael Kenny, 9-- ..Stephen M. Hogan, 10.. ..Michael R. Manning, 11.. ..Christopher Behan, 12.. ..Daniel O'Sullivan, 13-- ..G. N. Rhodes, Aldermen. John J. Murphy. Francis N. Mann, Jr. Gilbert Geer, Jr. George H. Phillips. Edward Carter. Anthony Fitzgerald. Daniel Burns. Maurice Hartigan. Walter Myers. Daniel Dunn. Edward Hannon. William B. Stapleton. Christian W. Rapp. CHAMBERLAINS OF TROY, FROM THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CITY 1816 TO 1876. ^ David Buel, From 1816 to 1822 James Mallory, " 1822 " 182$ John Thomas,. * 1825 " 1845 George B. Richards, * 1845 " 1846 Jared S. Weed,... " 1846 " 1849 John T. Lamport, " 1849 " l8 59 Amos S.Perry, " 1859 " l86 3 James M. Brewer, " 1863 " 1867 Derick Lane, " 1867 * 1871 George C. Burdett, " 1871 " 1874 Benjamin H. Hall, " 1874 " 1876 CITY COMPTROLLERS. W. H. Van Every, 1871 to 1872 John P. Albertson, 1872 " 1876 38 CITY CLERKS. 1S16 to 1S76. When Appointed. William M. Bliss, 1816 Ebenezer Wilson, Jr., 1825 George T. Blair, .1 845 John T. Lamport, 1847 William Hagen, 1 849 John M. Francis, 185 1 Charles D. Brigham, 1854 John M. Francis, ..1855 Franklin B. Hubbell, 1 85 6 Benjamin H. Hall,. --1858 Abraham Fonda, 1859 Francis L. Hagadorn, i860 John H. Neary, i860 George W. Demers, 1861 Franklin B. Hubbell, 1863 James S. Thorn, 1 865 Franklin B. Hubbell, .1866 Richard V. O'Brien, 1870 Lewis E. Griffith, 1871 Henry McMillen, 1874 Charles R. Defreest, 1875 TROY FIRE DEPARTMENT. NAMES OF FIRST COMPANIES. Premier Engine Co. No. i, organized 1798. Neptune " " 2, " 1802. Washington Volunteers, 1812. Torrent Engine Co. No. 4. Empire State Engine Co. No. 5, organized 1821. Hope <( u 6, Niagara « tt 7, " 1828 Cataract u a 8, 1832 Rough & Ready (( u 9» 1837 Lafayette a u 10, Eagle « a 10, 1839 ^Etna It « 11. Hibernia «( a 12. Good Intent « « 13- Hook & Ladder Co. No. 1, organized 1820. u u « 2 Vesuvius Hook & Ladder Co. No. 3, organized 1835. Franklin Hose Company, organized 1835. Eagle " " No. 10, organized 1837. Phcenix " " " 1840. J. C. Taylor Hose Company. Hyland " " Hall Gen. Wool " u PRESENT ORGANIZATIONS. Arba Read Steam Fire Engine Co. No. 1. — Organized Novem- ber, 1859. First officers: William Barton, President; Townsend M. Vail, Treasurer; William T. Willard, Secretary ; N. B. Starbuck, Captain. Number of members at organization, 44. 3°0 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Present officers : H. J. Deming, Captain ; H. C. Shields, Treas- urer ; I. F. Handy, Secretary. Present membership, 45. Hugh Ranken Steam Fire Engine Co. No. 2. — Organized April 1, 1 86 1. First officers : George W. Shepard, Foreman; S. K. Briggs, Secretary and Treasurer. Present officers : Edward J. McKenna, Captain ; Luther Green- man, Treasurer : Alphonse Hummel, Secretary. Number of mem- bers, 44. Jason C. Osgood Steam Fire Engine Co. No. 3. — Organized January 14, 1862, with James McKeon, Captain ; B. Van Deusen, Treasurer ; S. Comisky, Secretary, and 28 members. Present offi- cers : I. Seymour Scott, Captain ; William Bumstead, Treasurer ; Joseph Maloney, Secretary. Members, 40. Charles Eddy Steam Fire Engine Co. No. 4. — Organized No- vember 21, 1866. Henry Davis, Captain ; Charles Eddy, Treasurer; A. R. Ingraham, Secretary. Members, 32. Present officers . Geo. A. Hitchcock, Captain ; Charles Eddy, Treasurer ; Michael Conron, Secretary. 32 members. F. W. Farnam Steam Fire Engine Co. No. 5. — Organized July 17, 1871, with E. Carter, President; William Collins, Treasurer; John Curley, Secretary, and 50 members. Present officers : James Crossen, Captain ; Richard Carter, Treasurer ; Robert T. Cary, Secretary. 50 members. Edmond Stanton Steam Fire Engine Co. No. 6. — Organized from Empire State Engine Company ; first Captain, Philip Ford. Present officers : Thomas Smith, Captain ; Charles Donnelly, Secre- tary. 48 members. Washington Volunteer Fire Company. — Organized May 26, 1812, with Hezekiah Williams, Captain; R. W. Lewis, Treasurer, Henry Nazro, Secretary, and 25 members. Present officers : Albert N. Sage, Captain ; John A. Brannan, Secretary. 75 members. Hope Engine Co. No. 6 — (Albia). Present officers : R. H. Uline, Captain ; Charles Driggs, Secretary and Treasurer. 35 members. Trojan Hook and Ladder Co. — Organized 1835. First offi- cers : John S. Perry, Captain ; John Anthony, Secretary. 25 mem- bers. Present officers : O. S. Ingram, President ; H. W. Gordi- nier, Treasurer; Edwin Morrison. Secretary. 61 members. CHIEF ENGINEERS FROM 1816 TO 1876. When Appointed. William S. Parker, 1816 Gurdon Corning, 1821 Joseph Russell, 1 1827 Townsend McCoun, 1827 Albert Richards,. 1834 Edward S. Fuller, 1841 Albert Richards, 1 842 Joseph C. Taylor, 1843 N. B. Starbuck,. 1846 Joseph C. Taylor, 2 1848 N. B. Starbuck, 1849 Edward Chapman, > 1850 John F. Prescott, 1851 William Madden, 1853 Hugh Rock, 1858 N B. Starbuck, .1861 Ransom H. Noble, 1865 Richard F. Hall, 1867 James H. Ingram, 1869 1 Resigned. 2 Resigned in 1849. POSTMASTERS OF TROY. N. Williams, .» ...April i, 1796 John Woodworth, 1797 D. Buel, November 6, 1798 Samuel Gale, July 1, 1 804 William Pierce, 1828 Isaac McConihe, 1832 Charles H. Read, August 6, 1842 George R. Davis, 1848 Thomas Clowes, 185 1 William T. Willard,.. 1852 Foster Bosworth, 1853 W. W. Whitman, 1855 James R. Fonda, July 17, 1858 George T. Blair, September, 1861 Thomas Clowes, 1 864 Alonzo Alden, June 2, 1 866 Gilbert Robertson, Jr., 1874 REPRESENTATIVES IN THE ASSEMBLY, FROM RENSSELAER COUNTY, FROM 1792 TO 1847. The County of Rensselaer was erected from the County of Alba- ny in 1791, and chose Representatives to the Legislature in 1792. From this year to 1847, Members of the Assembly were chosen by the County at large on a general ticket. 1792. Jonathan Brown, John Knickerbacker, John W. Schermer- horn, Thomas Sickles, Moses Vail. 1793. Benjamin Hicks, Christopher Hutton, Josiah Masters, Jona- than Niles, Nicholas Staats. 1794. Jonathan Brown, Benjamin Hicks, Hosea Moffit, Jonas Odell, Thomas Sickles. 1795. Jonathan Brown, Daniel Gray, Benjamin Hicks, Hosea Mof- fit, Jacob C. Schermerhorn. 1796. Josiah Bird, Daniel Gray, Rowland Hall, John Knickerback- er, Jr. 1797. John Bird, John Carpenter, Jacob A. Fort, Daniel Gray, James McKown, Hosea Moffit. 1798. John Bird, Jacob A. Fort, Daniel Gray, Jonathan Hoag, Hosea Moffit, Israel Thompson. 1799. Jacob A. Fort, Daniel Gray, Jonathan Hoag, Cornelius Lan- sing, John W. Schermerhorn, John I. Van Rensselaer. 1800. Jacob A. Fort, Daniel Gray, James McKown, Josiah Mas- ters, John W. Schermerhorn, George Tibbits. 1801. Jonathan Brown, John Lovett, James McKown, Josiah Mas- ters, Hosea Moffit, John E. Van Alen. 1802. John Carpenter, Jacob A. Fort, John Green, Barton Ham- mond, John Knickerbacker, Jr , John Stevens. 1803. John Green, Jonathan Rouse, John Ryan, John Woodworth. 1804. Asa Mann, Jonathan Rouse, Charles Selden, William Stew- ard, Samuel Vary, Jr. 1805. Jonathan Burr, John L. Hogeboom, Nehemiah King, Asa Mann, John Ryan 304 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 1806. Jonathan Niles, William W. Reynolds, John Ryan, Nicholas Staats, Jacob Yates. 1807. Gilbert Eddy, Asa Mann, William W. Reynolds, Robert Woodworth, Adam Yates. 1808. James L. Hogeboom, Ebenezer Jones, Adam Yates, Jacob Yates. 1809. Derick Lane, Henry Piatt, Cornelius I. Schermerhorn, Is- rael Shepard. 1810. Timothy Leonard, Henry Piatt, Cornelius I. Schermerhorn, Jeremiah Schuyler. 181 1. George Gardener, Stephen Gregory, Abraham L. Vielie, Stephen Warren. 1812-13. David Allen, James H. Ball, John Carpenter, Jr., John Stevens. 1814. William Bradley, Burton Hammond, Bethel Mather, Barent Van Vleck 1815. David Allen, Henry A. Lake, Jacob A. Ten Eyck, Zebulon Scriven. 1816. Job Greene, David E. Gregory, Herman Knickerbocker, Samuel I. McChesney, Samuel Millinar = 1 81 7. Daniel Carpenter, John D. Dickinson, Burton Hammond, Henry Piatt, Ebenezer W. Walbridge. 1818. Abijah Bush, Andrew Finch, Myndert Groesbeck, Cornelius I. Schermerhorn, Munson Smith, Thomas Turner 1819. George R. Davis, Andrew Finch, Henry Piatt, Daniel Sim- mons, Stephen Warren. 1820. John Babcock, David Doolittle, William C. Elmore, George Tibbits, Ebenezer W Walbridge 182 1. William C. Barber, Richard P. Hart, William B. Slocum, Calvin Thompson, John Van Alstyne. 1822. Daniel Gray, James Jones, Harper Rogers, Levi Rumsey, Gardner Tracy. 1823. Joseph Case, Gilbert Eddy, Chester Griswold, Stephen War- ren. 1824. Caleb Carr, Henry Dubois, Martin Van Alstyne, Stephen Warren. 1825. John Carpenter, Jacob C. Lansing, Fenner Palmer, John G. Vanderheyden. 1826. Robert Collins, Augustus Filley, John F. Groesbeck, William Pierce. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 305 1827. Jeremiah Dauchy, John De Freest, Jr., Reuben Halstead, Henry Piatt. 1828. Samuel S. Cheever, Alonzo G. Hammond, William Pierce, Joseph Wadsworth. 1829. Nathaniel Barnett, Jr., Martin De Freest, William P. Heer- mans, Henry Mallory. 1830. Abiel Buckman, George R. Davis, Ziba Hewitt, Abraham C. Lansing. 1 83 1. George R. Davis, Chester Griswold, Martin Springer, Aaron Worthington. 1832. Hosea Bennett, Henry J. Genet, John C, Kemble, Nicholas M. Masters. i^SS- William P. Haskin, Alonzo G Hammond, John I. Kittle, Seth Parsons. 1834. Archibald Bull, Smith Germond, Nicholas B. Harris, James Yates. 1835. Chester Griswold, Jacob W. Lewis, Daniel Lennons, Martin Springer. 1836. David L. Seymour, Alexander O. Spencer, John J. Vielie, Nathan West. 1837. Randall A. Brown, Alexander Bryan, Abraham Van Tuyl. 1838. Hezekiah Hull, Jacob A. Ten Eyck, James Wallace. 1839. Richard P. Herrick, Day O. Kellogg, Gideon Reynolds. 1840. Gerrardus Devoe, Samuel W. Hoag, William H. Van Schoon- hoven. 1 841. Claudius Moffit, John Tilley, William H. Van Schoonhoven. 1842. George R. Davis, Martinus Lansing, Silas W. Waite. 1843. George R. Davis, Samuel Douglas, Henry Vandenburgh. 1844. John L. Cole, George B. Warren, Jonathan E. Whipple. 1845. Harry Betts, Ryer Heermance, William H. Van Schoonho- ven 1846. Henry Z. Hayner, Samuel McClellan, Justice Nolton. 1847. Joseph Gregory, Amos K. Hadley, David S. McNamara. 39 CITY MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY. 184S TO 1875. By the State Constitution of 1846, the method of choosing Repre- sentatives to the Assembly was changed from the County to the District system. Rensselaer county was divided into three districts, of which the City of Troy was designated as the First. Represent- atives were first chosen under the new system in the fall of 1847. The following includes the Representatives elected from the city since and including that year : Amos K Hadley, 1848-49 George Lesley, , 1850-51 Jonas C. Heartt, 1852 Jason C. Osgood, 1853 Jonathan Edwards, 1854-55 George Van Santvoord 1856 Darius Allen, 1857 Jason C. Osgood, . 1858 Thomas Coleman, 1859-60 Charles J. Saxe, 1861-62 James McKeon, ' 1 863-64 George C. Burdett, 1865 James S. Thorn, 1866 William E. Gurley, 1867 John L. Flagg, 1 868-69-70 Jason C. Osgood, 1871 William V. Cleary, 1872-3-4-5 COUNTY JUDGES. 1791 TO 1876. When Appointed or Elected. Anthony Ten Eyck, - 179 1 Robert Woodworth, 1803 James L. Hogeboom, 1805 Josiah Masters, _ 1808 David Buel, Jr., --1823 Harmon Knickerbocker, 1828 George R. Davis, _ 1838 Charles C. Parmelee, 1847 Archibald Bull, 1855 Gilbert Robertson, Jr., 1859 Jeremiah Romeyn, 1867 E. Smith Strait, 1871 SURROGATES OF RENSSELAER COUNTY FROM 1791 TO 1876. When Appointed or Elected. Moses Kent, -- l 79 l John Woodworth, 1793 Jeremiah Osborne, - 1803 Alanson Douglass, - -i 806 David Allen, -1813 William McManus, - 1815 Benjamin Smith, 1818 Nicholas M. Masters, 1820 Thomas Clowes, 1821 Philip Viele, 1827 Job Pierson,.. 1835 Cornelius L. Tracy, -i 840 Stephen Reynolds, -i 844 George T . Blair, - 1 847 Robert H. McClellan, 1855 Moses Warren, 1 863 E. Smith Strait, 1867 Moses Warren, 1871 DISTRICT ATTORNEYS, FROM 1818 TO 1876. [It was not until 181 8 that a District Attorney was assigned to each County in the State.] When Appointed or Elected. William McManus, .1818 Job Pierson, _ .1821 Samuel Cheever, 1821 Job Pierson, ._ 1823 Jacob C. Lansing, _ 1833 John Coon, ._ 1836 David L. Seymour, I 839 Martin I. Townsend, 1842 Robert A. Lottridge,. 1847 Anson Bingham, 1853 Robert A. Lottridge, 1856 George Van Santvoord,. 1859 John H. Coiby, .1862 Robert A. Lottridge, ...1865 Timothy S. Banker, 1 869 Francis Rising, 1872 John C. Greene,. _ 1873 Albert L. Wooster, 1875 COUNTY CLERKS, FROM 1791 TO 1876. When Appointed or Elected. Nicholas Schuyler, — 1791 Ruggles Hubbard, 1806 James Dole, 18 13 Benjamin Higby, — 1815 Joseph D. Selden, 1818 Benjamin Smith, ..1821 Archibald Bull, 1825 Henry R. Bristol, --1832 Leland Crandall, --1838 Charles Hooper, — 1841 Ambrose H. Sheldon, 1844 Henry A. Clum, 1850 Ambrose H. Sheldon, --1853 John P. Ball, 1856 J. Thomas Davis, . — 1859 Edwin Brownell, 1 862 J. Thomas Davis, 1865 E. W. Greenman, ...1869 William Lape, 1872 E. C. Reynolds, 1875 COUNTY TREASURERS. FROM 1791 TO 1876. Until 1847, County Treasurers in this State were appointed by the Boards of Supervisors. Since the date mentioned they have been elected by the people. The following is a list of County Treasurers since the organization of the county, in 1791, to the present time : Aaron Lane, 1791 to 1800 Benjamin Smith, '_ 1801 " 1825 Qualified. Daniel Paris, ..1826 Isaac McConihe, — -1831 Thomas Clowes, - - J 834 Waters W. Whipple,. -1836 Russell Sage, 1 844 Horace Herrington, 185 1 Myron Hamblin, - 1854 Henry E. Weed, 1857 Charles Warner, _ 1S57 Oliver A. Arnold, i860 Roger A. Flood, 1863 Samuel O. Gleason, 1864 Albert L. Hotchkin, 1874 SHERIFFS OF RENSSELAER COUNTY. FROM 1791 TO 1876. When Appointed or Elected Albert Pawling, William Guilliland, James Dole, Moses Vail, Michael Henry, Thomas Turner, Levinus Lansing, Thomas Turner, Hosea Moffit, Thomas Turner, Gerrit Peebles, , Jeremiah Schuyler, John Breese, Michael S. Vandercook,. Moses Warren, H. Vanderburgh, William P. Haskin, Ebenezer C. Barton, Augustus Filley, Cornelius Schuyler, Volney Richmond, Gideon Reynolds, Gilbert Cropsey, . Abraham Witbeck, John Price, William Wells, Gerothman W. Cornell, . Joseph F. Battershall, .. Gerothman W Cornell,. Matthew V. A. Fonda,.. James McKeon, John A. Quackenbush, . 791 795 798 800 801 806 807 808 810 811 813 813 815 819 821 825 828 831 834 837 840 843 846 849 852 855 858 861 864 867 870 873 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 3*3 Third Ward, Fourth Ward Fifth Ward Sixth Ward, Seventh Ward,. . . Eighth Ward,. . . Ninth Ward, Tenth Ward, . . Eleventh Ward,. Twelfth Ward, - . . Thirteenth Ward,. ~X> hcj n • • <-n 1 1805. w j ;;;;;•;, ; ; , oo o I m i : 1S10. lo in 4- :::':• '::::* : 1815. "to O 4- ...... . . . 1820. M | t | | | \ \ MMMtO "oo 4i W "ce MO O ml O^J W O tnO) lO I ... • H O'JUO h 0< 1825. M Ln 'j\ M !!!!.'. oo m io m oivjC) 4. com . . • • vi oo 4- oo OO . . • . wo 4-wuiu 1830. M o o Ln o . . '. . . . '. y j° v 3 w . O 04- 4- en oo 4^- 0O4- Ln o OJ COOO M Hljvl 1835- I-I o Lo w 4- ' * " . 1 OO M Oo to OO OO . . • (ROW OOU1 M M "(0 • • • tO OO to O WMv| U oc^j O O *-J 4~ 0O4- 1840. to M o O " ' ) j HU H HU MUU • . • • • HMvO O^vJ Coi • • ' Oui OSCMJ O COO • • • • Lo 4- n vl O "- 1 C/JUi iS45- to CO oo Ln • '• • • J* *• i^ i" 1 *■ J° f^ ■*■ ~J O m Co O ~J to O 4- to LO i-i in O COOO • • • • --1 LO O cr 4- 4- 4- to 1S50. Co Lo "to o O ; ; ; joLooooijoto4^to4^4^ • • . W U COM ui U m U M io • viu vl 00-^1 tOOLnLO . • . mo 3iOiC'n BiMI! iS 5 5- Oo o lo Oo Ln 1 ] UUW4iMM4iK4i4s. . . . LO O O OO O O -J OO to . • • M4.UOBO>+-OuiM • CO Lo O O O 4- O O r X ' o i860. O "to ic OO • * * i>4>.Ln4iU MW h*.lo • • ■ O^J O0 O M com o 'o^^D • • • n to o to to o Om o to - • • OO OO O OO 4- O 4- to OO 18C5. 4- 4- to ' " " OOvIUiUWU M4.U . . "u i M m o "o'-H "to "m ^4 • « • uiiou OO O coh^. co - - coo i-i OO^JLn.^. i-i o 1870. 4- 00 io Ln LO hi Oo t04^-£-O04^O04^O0 to 4: OO MOO l-l CfiW iO W vl M4. 4- OO OO COCOM 10 LO HMU 1- O Ln oom4. O oo 04> oo Oli k 00 . H O 1 00 1875. > o w o H *J O -1 1—1 si n o 5?d O > H M g O n H O ^l H O o o in O > W a > >d o w CO a GO O H W f > Q W > d O H O O 40 3H HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. >H <3 o O H h , 3 _• W >>i> «SaS (U 0) "^ ii *- CD 5J * 8 • g >>>>>>>>>>> . D. ker. er, D. h, D. D. s Lee. aymond. id Howard ard Davis. D. Simons ler, D icks. • Wal Tuck demei Wal? er, D. d But A. H am F ;land Wid geH. . Pott .5 C>; ri -S at •^=-^S2 -a >' > > > >>>>>>> *Z 1) V V "'*£ CO COCOOO C 2 C 2 C 2COO HHH H H«) £ °-d .- o S •< E j O o O o WW fa ~ E c -3 a? ■"' «j "S xz$ ^ en o xsi ^ o tl r "5 ^ O O « ,Q •£ .:> vnU O a «2l 1/1 ^ *r J ■o « o sf|»|£tfl"^ m \n _r v*) CJ a J Q.J2 r Mh >>^> J n' U *■ r /y? fa ►— ,< >— .I—,'/-.' Z O fa CO CO ' ' CO 00 1-1 H M M l_ ' faZ >>Sw : : I 55 - m \%.t :.S : : : . T) " "T? "^ ^* ! *w o c . *P it Cfl _< Ph^->-S u s O *u 1) a! uh w« HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 315 fc X O «U u w ffi H H r/5 W Pi Ph RESENT No. OF CHOLRS V f <* O t r^ i^ O CT> CO IT «r • c^o O m OO -1- O O O r> O O CO vO C< in m r~~. • co u"> t-t rt ^ c^i t-iC-J= C CIO-)WNi--ti-lWWWTfC< O m en • en en en Office Teac in Su Sch M • ESENT O. OF MBRS. OOOO C^OO UTtO O N OOOOO O O •* O \C mm »oin 't O 10 O u-> w O CI C^U^M C^l M M M rf 00 h in a (O mmH H H H *££ Ph <^ pi Q R .0 O H en P P P ; °a Q-- : w 3 Pi ^p igV.&ll . |g . : S3 ,£3 ctP>, a c & : oi PAmj; S w s Oi££, £6^h-^A' >>>>>>>>>>!> > > > . > >>>>>> UOOJODUUW^DtJ 1) 0) OOOu">0«"> O O O ""> O 000 • O en mco tj- enco m^tmN OT"t^M"T ocor^ •inrten M M M M OOOOO -OOOOO OOOOO co O -OOOO OOOOO -OOOOO OOOOO ^8 0000 H O O 0_ O vO_ 0_ 0_ 0_ O in 0"}0 OO o_ o_ q_ o_ O in o"co O C 1 | i/iinQ O h inM ininm en O 0" r^ <; >tt>H tn Mt^i-HM O O CO O #^ w ENT ICE A.TED. en O ■+ - 3 2; - «^CO CO ° ^ CO Nh™COO H CO M M CO CO \J~I . - M • ^ CO co en -f^ co • 1/1 S u w s « Bi-WP CO CO M ^ - M r^ m - w „ « en ^ M - CI co O M > _ -CO • M en ^ cn w P fi OS 3 >r-l ti j >' d >» >» S S ° l» T^ "^ c rS a • CO < --* ~ < 3 PL, O CJ K s s M 4-t u > > X <; HH ^3 D «J <: Q W 3 Ph t t u 0) u P c J) 4, X - 1 P^ T ^ 2 = H > w 0! c 1^ ^ 8 S C c y c '. a j .1; - 9 r P- 1 1 C ? 0. C c a. V t E y P- 3 1 - « Ph 316 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. >H % fc & o o S Q w § PS g ° 5 °5 en *7 s s < O £ z c/) £ d w o fa S°« es rt «*« > > > O V u fa" _fa iO"i * J h CJ3 O bjo "- O c 5 w . " 0) rt c/2 o) o > £^ -fa „ fa fa>fa ^ CM fa S Oh £ g 4=4= y^ y, . . £j j_ ^ ( fa *>,""' 5/ £vj 2d rd 0)0)0)1)1)1)^0) (Xrtrtrtfafafafa" tr §.-0-3:=: 9 £ s « « a e £ .a w co g « C C ^ .ii ^2 . ... .-Q fa > > > > ,D ,Q d o) o) o) rt ts c^, fa pic* fa <& O\O0 . -j- in r-~ CO* «<£,£> CO _■ M ►h e» O - H M J CT> -+ f") in M ^ IT) l^ . co „ co co en W M 1-1 vO I-, vO CO M g>gfaS ■5^2 oS fa 5 i 0) ,. fc. £ O «J (/) -*-; ^ a £ o rt c -3 o S a* a c 5 o CT;CJ H j 1. o) jjr- it/i >- in (U — -£ - 5 ^= o ^ fa (J a & .s - ui D 7! ^ rs (u c ^ d D > O fc — ° >c "3 S co" vo CO co • H M • co r^ ' u ^3 ; 0) 0) Q fa c3 « ■a§ .S2 >- u^ . c C ^ « .fc « a a^=^ g fc= H o « . D >^ ^ g ; -d o rt 0 fa « > in.! g cTJrt fa S rt,fa\fa J w an & iri m m rt ^ o X U fa o w 2 z < a < (K CO &fa fc« K t) H f-. «X a d w u Ufa fa fa HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 317 *J H • r/J s, v ' u O Ph* tf H Pi Pn w pq O H tf Ph D fc ffi O u < U w O 1 1 K H H ft en W Ph RESENT No. OF CHOLRS CO in c c x-~ O O iO in • O M O t-^vO • M in in O • O V I0>0 « ^ OO N ' -CO en en m • -f M M *$■ • N M co »h in co ►-* *h . hH Ph CO > <•> ¥.~v~ 00 en C co • w in in • • O 1- c • in in m • • «- >--= C CO "3- CJ 1-1 • m 01 CM C>) • d « M W si"! o--.s z h 2 w Jg in O C O in in in O OOOO O 000 • in in • w O O if 1 m o* r^ r^ in OOOO c 000 . M vO • • 1 w f"j Ph^JS ni-H W 0« H M OOOinin*H/r^in .mco« "*■ t^ r^ h c rH CM OS 4; O > H C/> t-i l ~' it* CO .CO bi^ h O t * rt O , 4J 3 3 S Z w t/J w oS Ph fa O w § >s> ,«* S ps, or 2 °'" £ ffi dW^co c p » = tz « — ' ^ Ss-SM AphSc >— . 1- fan * H-lU_r-iuO-0 <; J2 ja s? > > > >" >' >' > > > > > > > > > > >" >' > > £> ^ 4> QJ on • *t*0 COCO 1-uiO O^OtO \0 >n -H " O M M M d CO "*• O it M t H h inn O &■ M t-i p Q H w a Z u H t^ -£ - CO ^ O 1-1 CO *"* .t: co 00- CO co w (? 2: ef p> CO ^ CO CO CO 't CO* « • in f^-cc • CO vC ; W " < C ' H "H- "-i 1/ v: t^. ■ ho. CO id " u CO ,£. 00 . .-(i CO co W S i-c etp a CT 1 M d O in 4 h H • in ,C W H HjJ m p, 'HP1N ' " Q s ° C3 (1) — . s < « C u IH • z • < h ** u CO " b L,13 O ^ 0) J3 4. CO = z < s 1/] _w if c r pc 4 ■g 4>^ CJ . u- H 5r a fc: & 3 2 Z < j - 1 « 2 ■< X OS CO Q r9 ■" "" A U co « > c .y ^3 d aj t) h fl) C ■" c3 u» rt i— » •— 5I1 S 2 as £ X « G H OS D td U C/ y N h r - > C CO r X S CO CO co x G>Ph U H-l pqpq PASTORS OF THE CHURCHES, From their Organization to the Present. PRESBYTERIAN. First Church — Jonas Coe, D. D., June 25, 1793, to July 21, 1822. N. S. S. Beman, D. D., LL. D., June 18, 1823, to June, 1863. M. R. Vincent, D D., June, 1863, to April, 1873. G. N. Webber, D. D., April, 1873. Co-Pastors— Robert R. Booth, D. D., Oct. 1852, to February, 1857. Herrick Johnson, D. D , June, i860, to October, 1862. Second Church — Mark Tucker, D D , September 25 1827. Erastus Hopkins, D. D., 1837. Charles Wadsworth, 1842. Thomas P. Field. 1850. Elam Smalley, D. D., June 21, 1854. J. T. Duryea, D. D., May 19, 1859. D S Gregory , D. D.. August 8, 1863. William Irvin, D. D., July 11,1867. Third Church — Ebenezer Seymore Abner DeWitt. United Presbyterian— Peter Bullions, D. D., December 28, 1836, to February 13, 1864. H. P. McAdam, July 20, 1865 to January 11 1871. R. D. Williamson, February 6, 1872. Second Street Church — W. D Snodgrass, D. D.. October 8, 1834. E. W. Andrews, Septem- ber 18, 1844. Ebenezer Hailey. D, D., July 6, 1848. Duncan Kennedy, D. D., July 11, 1855. Charles E. Robinson, D. D., October 23. 1867 Liberty Street Church— Henry Highland Garnett. 6 years. Edmund Freeman, 2 years. Benjamin Lynch, 2 years. Jonathan Gibbs, 5 years. J. N. Gloucester, 1 year. Jacob A. Prime, 7 years. William Lynch. Park- Church — Charles S. Robinson, 4 years 8 months. G. H. Robertson, 4 years, 4 months. Abner De Witt, 6 years, 3 months. Donald MacGregor. May. 1872. Woodside Church— Matthew B. Lowrie, Teunis S. Hamlin. Oakwood Avenue Church— George Van Deurs, January 1. 1868, to November 30, 1872. Charles Stoddard Durfee, December 1, 1872, to July 15, 1874. George Van Deurs. June 1, 1875. Ninth Church — N. B. Remick, May 15 1869. Westminster Church— James Marshall, November 2, 1871, to March 1. 1872. Thomas L. Sexton, May 9, 1872, to July 1, 1875. Clarence Eddy, July 1, 1875. BAPTIST. First Church— Elias Lee, I. Sheldon, Isaac Webb, Francis Wayland, C. J. Somers, B. M. Hill, I. Cookson, L. Howard, L. O. Lovell, George C Baldwin. D. D. Second Church— Ebenezer S. Raymond, W. T. C. Hanna. North Church— Leland Howard, 3 years. J H. Walden, 2 years. J. G. Warren, D. D., 6 years. C. P. Sheldon, D D., 19 years L. J Matteson 1875. South Troy Chapel— Richard Davis, February 1. 1870, to March. 1871. J. N. Smith, Decem- ber, 1871, to January 1, 1875. Charles N. Catlin supply. Vail Avenue Church— Ezra D. Simons, 1871 to 1876. John Mostyn, June, 1876. EPISCOPAL. St. Paul's Church— David Butler, D. D.. 1804 to 1834. Isaac Peck, 1834 to 1836. Robert Boyd Van Kleeck, D. D., 1837 to 1854. Thomas Winthrop Coit, D. D., LL. D., 1854 to 1872. Eliphalet Nott Potter, (Associate Rector,) 1869 to 1872. Francis Harison, 1873. St. John's Church— John A. Hicks, May, 1831. to 1832. Herman Hooker, 1832 to September, 1833. Henry R. Judah. Gordon Winslow, September, 1836. Richard Cox, October, 1837, to May, 1844. William H. Walter, September, 1844, to April, 1846. A. B. Carter, May 30, 1846, to September, 1847. Edward Lounsbery, 1847 to March, 1854. Richard Temple, July, 1854. J. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 3 l 9 Brinton Smith, December, 1856, to February, 1859. Henry L. Potter, D. D., May, 1859. George H. Walsh, D. D., 1866. Christ Church — William F. Walker, 1836 to 1840. Edward Ingersoll, D. D., 1840 to 1842. Robert B. Fairbaim, D. D., 1843 to 1848. Thomas W. Starkey, D. D., 1850 to 1854. James Mul- chahey, D. D., 1854 to i860. Eton W. Maxcy, 1861 to 1864. J. N. Mulford, 1864. Church of the Holy Cross — J. Ireland Tucker, D. D., 1848. St. Luke's Church — E. Soliday Widdemer, October, 1866, to October, 1870. George W. Shinn, December, 1S70, to September, 1873. Samuel E. Smith, October, 1873, to July, 1874. Daniel G. Anderson. John W. H. Weibel, 1876. Free Church of the Ascension — George H. Walsh, D. D., 1870 to 1873. James Caird, 1873. St. Paul's Free Chapel — E. N. Potter, two and a half yearn. R. S. Adams and William Green officiated between 1869 and 1872. Walker Gwynne, October, 1872. METHODIST EPISCOPAL. State Street Church — William Phoebus, 1810. Smith Arnold, 1811. Peter P. Sanford, 1812. Laban Clark, 1813. Tobias Spicer, 1815. Samuel Luckey, 1817. William Ross, 1819. Benja- min Griffin, 1821. Noah Bigelow, 1823. James W. Smith, 1824. Stephen Martindale, 1826. Sam- uel Merwin, 1828. John B. Stratton, 1830. Buel Goodsell. 1832. Noah Levings, 1834. Truman Seymour, 1836. Stephen Remington, 1838. C. P. Clarke, 1840. Noah Levings, 1842. James Covel, 1843. Luman A. Sanford, 1845. Allan Steele, 1847. Z. N. Lewis, 1849. Stephen D. Brown, 1851. Lester Janes, 1853. Halsey W. Ransom, 1854. Stephen Parks, 1856. J. K. Cheeseman, 1858. Ira G. Bidwell, 1S60. Charles W. dishing, 1S62. Stephen D. Brown, 1864. Erastus Wentworth, 1865. George W. Brown, 1868. William H. Hughes, 1871. Henry D. Kim- ball, 1874. North Second Street Church — S. D. Ferguson, 1 year. Peter C. Oakley, 2 years. Charles Sherman, 2 years. Henry L. Starks. Merritt Bates. Stephen L. Stillman, 2 years. Noah Lev- ings, 2 years. B. 0. Meeker, 2 years. Sanford Washburn, 2 years. A. W. Garvin, 2 years. B. Pomeroy. Albinus Johnson, part of a year. A. F. Yates, 1856. Stephen D. Brown, 1858. L. D. Stebbins, i860. Erastus Wentworth, 1862. John W. Carhart, 1865. James M. King, 1868. H. C. Sexton, 1871. Samuel Meredith, 1873. H. C. Farrar, 1876. Levings Chapel — Desevigna Starks and B. O. Meeker, together ; Dillon Stevens, Ensign Sto- ver, Charles Pomeroy, Rober Taylor, Aaron Hall, I. S. Hart, V. G. Axtell, S. Hewes, Cicero Bosher, E. Stout, A. Hand, Joseph Eames, L. P. Williams, Lorenzo Barber, Hiram C. Sexton, Robert Fox, George C. Morehouse, Charles F. Noble, John W. Quinlan, William Bedell. Congress Street Church — Edward Noble, 1848. Alfred A. Farr, 1849. Ephraim Goss, 1851. Seymour Coleman, 1853. Hiram Blanchard, 1855. Chester F. Burdick, 1857. Andrew J. Jut- kins, 1859. David P. Hulburd, 1861. George C. Wells, 1863. Ensign Stover, 1865. Merrit Hul- burd, 1868. George W. Fitch, 1870. Samuel Meredith, 1872. Augustus F. Bailey, 1873. John. E. Bowen, 1876. German Church — F. W. Dinger, 1857. J. Swahlen, i860. G. Abele, 1861. G. Seidell, 1863. J. C. Deininger, 1864. G. Mayer, 1867. Joseph Kindler, 1870. Peter A. Moelling, D. D., 1873. F. S. Gratz, 1876. Zion Church — Jacob Thomas, William H. Decker, Joseph P. Thompson, M. H. Ross. ROMAN CATHOLIC. St. Peter's Church — Rev. McGilligan, 1827 to 1829. John Shanahan, 1829 to 1842. Peter Havermans, 1842 to 1845. Phillip O'Reiley. 1845 to 1849. John Curry, 1849 to 1851. Michael A. McDonnell, 1851 to 1855. Thomas Daley, 1855 to 1858. Clarence A. Walworth, 1858 to 1861. James Keveny, 1861. St. Mary's Church — Peter Havermans, 1843. Carrol and Roger Ward, assistants, 1876. St. Joseph's Church — A. Thebaud, J. Loyzance, N. Petit, H. Deluynes, J. M. Graves, R. Baxter, Menet, A. Regnier, M. Nash, J. Fitzpatrick, F. Michel, J. Rcnaud. Eglise St. Jean Baptiste — M. F. Furcotte, 1852 to 1855. Father Browne, 1867 to 1875. Fa- ther Huberdault. St. Francis' Church— Peter Havermans to 1870. Henry Herfkins to April 15, 1875. William J. Bourke, April 15, 1875. St Lawrence' Church — Norbert Holler, O. M. E., May 1, 1870. Henry Lipowsky, Novem- ber 1, 1S70 to January 15, 1871. Joseph Ottenhues. St Patrick's Church — John Joseph Swift. 3 2 ° HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. St. Michael, Archangel— Michael Driscoll, S. J. Augustine Regnier, S. J John Fitzpat- rick, S. J. UNIVERSALIS!". Universalist Society — Lemuel Willis, Clements F. Lefevre, Barsilla Streeter, Dolphus Skin- ner, Benjamin Whittemore, L. L. Saddler, Mensais Raynor, Lewis C. Brown, W. Andrews, D. J Mandell, H. Towndsend, A. B. Soule, Charles C. Burr, Joseph C. Waldo, John N. Parker, James M. Pullman, J. Murray Bailey, L. M. Burrington, A. B. Hervey. UNITARIAN. First Unitarian Society— John Pierpont, 4 years. William Silsbee, 7 months. Joseph An- gier, 2 years. Edgar Buckingham, 14 years. N. M. Mann, 3 to 4 years. H. L. Cargill, 6 months. George H. Young, April, 1872. Church of Christ — W. A. Belding, Levi Osborn, W. H. Rogers, Joseph Bradford Cleaver. Beth Israel Bikur Cholim — Rabbi Chellock, Adolf Pollak. Berith Sholom — B. Eberson. BANKS OF TROY. The Troy Savings Bank. — Organized April 23, 1823. Charles B. Russell, President ; Joseph M. Warren, First Vice President ; E. Thompson Gale, Second Vice President ; Charles N. Lockwood, Treasurer. Deposits, $4,086,052 14. The Merchants and Mechanics' Bank. — Organized July 6, 1829. D. Thomas Vail, President ; F. Sims, Cashier. Capital, $300,000. The Troy City National Bank. — Organized first as the Troy City Bank, January 1, 1833. Changed to a National Bank, 1865. John B. Pierson, President ; George A. Stone, Cashier. Capital, $500,000. The Union National Bank. — Organized first as the Union Bank, January, 185 1. Changed to a National Bank in 1865. Hiram Smith, President ; A. R. Smith, Cashier. Capital, $300,000. The Manufacturers' National Bank of Troy. — Organized first as the Manufacturers' Bank of Troy, in 1852 Changed to a National Bank in 1864. Thomas Symonds, President; C. M. Wel- lington, Cashier. Capital, $150,000. The National State Bank ok Troy. — Organized first as the State Bank of Troy, September 1, 1852. Changed to a National Bank April 15, 1865. Henry Ingram, President; Willard Gay, Cashier. Capital, $250,000. The Mutual National Bank of Troy. — Organized first as the Mutual Bank of Troy, November 24, 1852. Changed to a National Bank March 23, 1865. Calvin Hayner, President ; George H. Sag- endorf, Cashier. Capital, $250,000, The Central National Bank of Troy. — Organized first as the Central Bank of Troy, December 30, 1852. Changed to a Na- tional Bank April 4, 1865. George C. Burdett, President; Asa W. Wickes, Cashier. Capital, $300,000, 41 «• «• s+ 3 22 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. The National Exchange Bank of Troy. — Organized first as the Market Bank of Troy, in January, 1853. Changed to a Nation- al Bank in 1865. Hiram Miller, President ; Shepard Tappan, Cash- ier, Capital, $100,000. The First National Bank of Troy. — Organized October 28, 1863. Thomas Coleman, President ; Richardson H. Thurman, Cashier. Capital, $300,000. The United National Bank of Troy. — Organized by the con- solidation of the Farmers' Bank and the Bank of Troy, March 7th, 1865. E. Thompson Gale, President; G. H. Perry, Cashier. Cap- ital, $300,000. PHYSICIANS OF TROY, 1876. ALLOPATHIC. Adams, Henry G. Akin, Washington. Baynes, William T. Bonesteel, William N. Bontecou, Reed B. Burton, Matthew H. Camp, N. Hermon. Cooper, William L. Cooper, William S. Felter, Mahlon. Fisk, E. Jay. Gnadendorff, Herman. Halves, F. Heimstreet, T. Brinsmade. Hubbell, Charles L. Hutchinson, James C. Lomax, Josep.i D. Magee, Daniel. McChesney, James. McLean, Leroy. Nichols, Calvin E. Rousseau, Zotique. Schuyler, Clarkson C. Seymour, William P. Thomson, Robert. Traver, R. D. Ward, R. Halstead Wentworth, J. L. Wheeler, Lewis C. Whiton, Henry B. Young, Horace H. Belding, Rufus E. Bloss, J. P. Bloss, R. D. Campbell, M. W. Carpenter, C. H . HOMEOPATHIC. Clark, Charles G. Coburn, E. S. Deuel, W. Estus. Vincent, Frank L. Woodruff. C. S. LIST OF LAWYERS Practicing in Troy from 1791 to 1876. Ackley, F. W 1865 Albertson, John P 1840 Alden, Charles L 1854 Baerman, P. H 1857 Baker, Charles I 1873 Banker, T. S 1857 Ball, John 1835 Ball, Marcus 1857 Banker, Rising & Boies, 187 1 Beach, William A 1855 Beach, Miles 1856 Betts, Harvey 1857 Bird, John 1796 Birdsall, Simeon, 187 1 Bishop, P. W 1S64 Blair, George T 1843 Bliss, William M 1806 Boies, William 1871 Britton, John G 1837 Bristol, Henry R 1843 Brintnall, C. E. 185 t Brintnall, C. S. 1876 Brockway, D 1857 Brown, F. M 1S70 Brown, Lyman 1843 Brown, Henry 1821 Browne, Irving 1858 Bryan, F. H 1S69 Buel, David, Jr 1812 Bucl, Clarence 185 7 Buel, John G --1857 Buel, Oliver P 1865 Buel & Christie __ 1 844 Buel & Tracy 1817 Bull, Archibald 1810 Bullard, E. F 1866 Bullard & Wilkinson 187 1 Burdick, Albert S 1870 Butler, George 1827 Britton & Hadley 1845 Carroll, Thomas B 1857 Christie, Robert 1844 Church, S. E _ 1843 Cipperly, J. Albert 1S66 Clarke, De Witt C 1835 Clark, Ebenezer.. 1836 Clark & Pattison.. -1843 Clough, Moses T 1858 Clowes, Thomas 1817 Clute, Thomas J__ 1 860 Colby, John H._. 1856 Cole, Edmund L 1866 Cook, Robley D 1863 Cowen, Esek 1865 Cross, W. R. i860 Cushman, John P. _. 1812 Cushman, Jabez N 1830 Cushman & Davis, 1S17 Cutting, G. S. _ _t86o Darling, William 1S30 Davenport, Charles E 1868 Davenport, Nelson 1857 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 325 Davis, George R . 1820 Davis, Charles M 1835 Davis, George R. Jr, 1843 Davis, James T 1843 Davis, Holmes & Davis, 1847 Davis, H. J .i860 Davis & Mather.. 1843 Davis, Woodcock & Davis,. 1845 Day, George 1851 Denio, C H --1857 Dexter, G. S 1875 Dickinson, John D 1791 Dickinson & Mitchell 1S16 Disbrow, W. F 1857 Donnan, George R. 1875 Dorr, Francis O 1875 Douglass, Alanson .1806 Eastman, Ira A l &33 Eddy, Henry T .1835 Ensign, Lewis W 1875 Elmendorf, Peter E. 1791 Filkins, Hamilton 1848 Fitch, John 1843 Fitch, George W 1 844 FlaggJohnL.... 1858 Flint, William. 1874 Fonda, Nicholas 1791 Foote, Ebenezer _ _ 1806 Forsyth, James 1844 Forsyth & Mosher .1871 Forsyth, Nielson.. 1857 Free, Edwin W 1857 Freiot, James 1857 Fullerton, Alexander N. 1833 Fursman, Edgar L 1867 Gale, Ansel H 1846 Gale, JohnB.. 1846 Gale & Alden 1856 Gardner, Daniel 1823 Geer, Erastus 1846 Geer, A. C 1847 Gilbert, Hollister P> 1 830 Gleason, David 1830 Gleason, Daniel S 1837 Gould, George 1831 .Gould, George V... .1876 Gould, Tracy. 1875 Grant, Bryan 1857 Green, John B 1872 Greene, John C 1868 Grey, Thomas 187 1 Griffith, Lewis E 1869 Griffith & Green 1875 Guy, Thomas J 1870 Hall, Daniel. 1810 Hall, B. H... --1856 Hall & MacGregor 1873 Hadley, Amos K 1843 Hagen, William 1846 Harris, Henry 1836 Harwood, G. M. 1857 Hayner, Henry Z 1830 Hayner, Irving 1865 Hayner & Geer .1848 Hayner & Johnson 1843 Hayner & Shaw 1867 Heartt, Richard i860 Henry, John V... - J 79i Hoag, J. Edgar 1875 Holley, Orville L._ 1826 Hollister, William H 1874 Holmes, Jacob 1846 Howard, N. Jr 1840 Hubbell, C. B ...1876 Hubbard, Ruggles .1806 Hun, Abraham,. ..1791 Hunt, Hiram P *&33 Hunt, Stephen C 1833 Hunt & Forsyth 1844 Huntington, Samuel G 1S10 326 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Hurlbut, E. P 1836 Ingalls, Charles R., 1853 Jennyss, Richard C 1847 Johnson, Alexander G 1843 Jones, Daniel ...1 S06 Jones, P. L 1857 Keach, Calvin E 1875 Kellogg, Giles B. 1832 Kellogg & Strong 1843 Kellogg, John B 1 860 Kellogg, G. B. &J... 1867 Kellogg, Justin 1866 Kellum, Charles D 1873 Kemble, John C 1833 Kendrick, Samuel 1812 Kent, Moss J 79i King, Eliphalet R 1846 King, Harvey J. .1 849 King, L 181 9 King & Rhodes 1872 King & Quackenbush 1870 Kimball, Richard B 1840 Knickerbacker, J. F 1847 Koon, John .1 846 Lamport, John T 1831 Landon, John M 1855 Lane, Derick 1857 Lane, Jacob L_. ..1857 Lansing, James ^65 Lawton, George P 1870 Lee, A. A. 1857 Lester, F. A. 1875 Lockwood, F. T 187 1 Lottridge, Robert A 1S57 Lyon, A. D i860 MacGregor, B__ 1865 Mann, F. N 1827 Mann, F. N. Jr 1873 Mann, James F._ __i82i Martin, Olin A 1875 Marcy, William L Marvin, D Masten, Henry V. W Mather, Calvin E Mather & Norton McClellan, Robert H__. McClellan & Lansing McConihe, Isaac McConihe, John. McConihe & Masters McConihe & Robertson, McConihe, Thornton McManus, William McManus, Thomas Merritt, Henry A. Millard, John A Moran, John Moran, P. H._ Mosher, G. A Moulton, J. W Myers, M. H Neary, Thomas Neil, James Neil & Lowry Newman, W. A. Norton, Marcus P O'Brian, John.. Olin, JobS Olin, Abraham B Olin & White Osborne, Jeremiah Paine, John Paine, Amasa Paine & Hall Palmer, George Palmer, J. W Parmelee, Charles C .. Parmenter, F.J Parmenter, R. A Patterson, Charles E :8i2 [860 1843 1S43 [847 [S62 [870 1815 [860 [847 t8 4 5 [866 ■817 ;s 7 5 :8 5 8 [840 [852 t8 5 7 [870 [822 '875 [866 1843 :86o [864 853 ^843 :8 4 3 843 :8o 5 [830 [807 812 835 [874 '«35 [852 [848 :S6 5 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 3*7 Pattison, Elias J 1843 Pearson, Eliphalet 1840 Pearson & Church 1845 Peck, John H 1864 Perkins, Charles W 1870 Percy, A.J. 1857 Percy, John T 1857 Phillips, Levi. 1874 Pierson, Job .1826 Pierson, Samuel D 1843 Porter, John F 1858 Quackenbush, Edwin i860 Raymond, John .1 840 Redfield, Sidney A. ..1821 Rhodes, La Mott W 1867 Rice-, Obed ..181 7 Richards, Charles R ^43 Robertson, Gilbert, Jr 1843 Robertson & Foster, 1874 Roche, Wm. J 1875 Rodgers, Spencer C. -1875 Root, Charles W 1 843 Romeyn, Jeremiah 1840 Ross, Stephen 1806 Ross & McConihe ...181 7 Rowley, Charles N ..1833 Rumsey, Levi 1806 Rumsey & McMasters 1818 Runkle, J. G .1864 Russell, John 1806 Rutherford, Friend S 1846 Scott, Frank 1850 Sergeant, S. 1857 Seymour, David L -1831 Seymour, W. W. _ 1 840 Seymour & Romeyn 1 845 Shappo, John A ..1874 Shaw, William .1865 Sheldon, Cyrus D 1830 Shirland, William H _ 1S75 Shortis, Edward Silvester, Francis Smith, Benjamin Smith, Levi Smith, Albert Smith, Charles Ed Smith, Fursman & Cowen. Starr, Samuel Starr & Jones Stevenson, James M Stone, D. H Storm, Allen B Stover, Samuel. Stow, Gardner Stow & Millard Strait, E. Smith Strong, Henry W Sutherland, Thomas J Sylvester, N. B Tabor, Charles F Taylor, John Taylor, H Taylor, John E Taylor, F. B... Ten Broeck, Derick. Terry, Seth H Thompson, I. Grant Tillman, Lewis T Torrance, J. R Towner, Luther Townsend, Byron G Townsend, Martin I. Townsend, M. L Townsend, Rufus M Townsends & Browne Tracy, Cornelius L Tracy & Peck Traver, Alvah Vail, Alvah C Van Dyck, Peter A 843 791 818 846 375 875 871 806 S06 333 835 830 857 345 845 871 833 833 865 857 837 840 843 875 791 843 865 810 375 833 865 837 857 833 858 840 867 860 S57 79? 328 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY Vandenbergh, Cornelius, 1791 Van Santvoord, George 1857 Van Schoonhoven, W H.-.1833 Van Schoonhoven, Gerrit ..1791 Van Veghten, Dow 1825 Viele, Philip --1830 Viele, John J 1846 Waite, George C .1846 Warren, Moses 1845 Wells, J. Fairfield 1843 Wells &Gale 1846 Wendell, Gerret 1791 Wheeler, George 1 833 Wheeler & Viele 1846 White, Joseph D 1843 Whiting, Daniel 1 830 Whitney, C M. --1865 Wilkinson, J. B., Jr. 1875 Willard, John D . 1830 Wilson, Ebenezer, Jr 181 2 Wilson, Horatio 1845 Woodbury, P T._ --1843 Woodcock, Don Carlos 1845 Woodworth, John 1791 Wooster, Albert E ..1868 Wooster, E. & Son 1869 MANUFACTURES AND PRODUCTIONS, 1875. STEEL AND IRON. Companies, - 2 Number of Employes, 3,200 Wages annually paid, •. $1,500,000 Capital actively employed, $3,500,000 Number of tons annually produced, 154,000 STOVES, FURNACES, RANGES, ETC. Number of firms, _ 23 Number of Employes, 2,115 Wages, $1,715,000 Capital, $3,719,000 Number of Tons produced, 26,300 Value of Production, $4,01 2,000 MALLEABLE IRON. Number of Firms, _ 2 Number of Employes, 225 Wages, _ $94,000 Capital, $275,000 Number of Tons produced, _ 2,150 Value of Production, $300,000 MACHINERY, ENGINES AND OTHER CASTINGS. Number of Firms, 7 Number of Employes, 250 Wages,... $150,000 Amount of Business, $450,000 FILES. Employes, 35 Number of Dozens produced, 10,000 Annual amount of business, $30,000 42 330 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. LINEN COLLARS AND CUFFS. Number of Firms, 25 Number of Employes, 7,000 Wages annually paid, $1,373,000 Capital actively employed, $1,371,000 Number of dozens produced annually, 3,135,000 Value of Annual Productions, - $4,030,000 BELLS, Number of Employes, 50 Wages, $30,000 Capital annually employed, $165,000 Tons, 750 Value of Annual Productions, $468,750 CAR WHEELS. Number of Employes, 30 Wages, - - $20,000 Capital Employed, $75,000 Number of Wheels made annually, 1 2,000 FIRE BRICK. Number of Employes, 80 Number of Square Brick, 2,100,000 Sets of Cook Stove and Range Linings, 1 20,000 Sets of Parlor Stove Linings, 50,000 PArER. Number of Employes, 134 Annual Product, tons, 3,200 Annual Amount of Wages, , $56,000 Value of Annual Product, $470,000 HOSIERY. Number of Employes, 340 Annual Amount of Wages, $88,500 Capital actively employed, $370,000 Number of Dozens annually produced, 67,500 Value, $378,000 MALTING. Number of Bushels, 300,000 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 33! COTTON WARPS. Number of Employes, 90 Annual amount of Wages, $22,000 Number of pounds produced annually, _ 420,000 Value, -. - $100,000 BREWERIES. Number of Barrels produced, 115,713 Number of bushels of Malt used, 192,540 FLOUR AND GRAIN. Received and Distributed by shipment, bushels, 2,000,000 Barrels Wheat Flour produced, 70,000 Barrels Rye Flour produced, 10,000 TROY DIRECTORIES. COMPLETE LIST PUBLISHED SINCE 1829. John Disturnell, publisher; Tuttle & Gregory, printers, 1829 Tuttle & Gregory, 225 River street,. 1830101837 Tuttle, Belcher & Burton,. 1838 to 1839 N. Tuttle, 1840 to 1846 J. C. Kneeland & Co., 1847 Trescott & Wilson, 1847 to 1849 John F. Prescott, 1850 C. L. MacArthur,... 185 1 to 1852 MacArthur & Wilson, 1853 C. L. MacArthur, 1854 to 1856 George Adams,. _ 1857 Adams, Sampson & Co., 1858 William H. Young, 1859 to i860 Young & Benson, 1861 to 1865 William H. Young, 1866 to 1868 Young & Blake, 1869 to 1874 William H. Young, 1875 to 1876 Sampson, Davenport & Co., compilers since 1858. NEWSPAPERS. List of Newspapers published in Troy, from 1787 to 1876, with the names of successive publishers and editors. 1787. The Northern Centinel and Lansingburgh Adver- tiser, established Monday, May 21, 1787, weekly, by Claxton & Babcock ; King street, between Hoosick and South streets, Lansingburgh. The first newspaper printed within the present limits of Rensselaer county. 17S8. The Federal Herald, Monday, May 5, 1788, weekly, by Babcock & Hickok, Lansingburgh, corner of King and Hoosick streets. The second newspaper printed within the present limits of Rensselaer county. 1791. American Spy, Friday, April 8th, 1791, weekly, by Silvester Tiffany, Lansingburgh, a little south of Douglass' Tavern. August 2, 1792, by Silvester Tiffany and William W. Wands. December 21, 1792, by W. W. Wands. The third newspaper printed within the present limits of Rensselaer county. 1797. Farmers' Oracle, Luther Pratt & Co., Tuesday, January 31, 1797, Water (River) street, opposite the ferry, Troy. The first newspaper published in Troy. 1797. The Northern Budget, Tuesday, June 20, 1797, Robert Moffitt & Co., Lansingburgh. Tuesday, May 15, 1798, vol. 1, number 48, Troy, east side of Water street, four doors north of Pierce's Inn. May 4, 1807, Oliver Lyon. 1826, Troy Bud- get and City Advertiser. 1827, John C. Kemble ; Kemble & Hooper; Charles Hooper. 1836, Hooper & Cook. 1837, Kel- logg & Strong. 1838, Kellogg, Strong & Cook; October 1, Kellogg & Cook. 1840, Daily Budget, Carroll & Cook. 1846, May, John M. Francis and Edwin Brownell. 1847, August, John M. Francis and C. L. Mac Arthur. 1849, W. W. Whitman ; editor, C. L. MacArthur. 185 1, C. L. MacArthur. 1852, W. W. Whitman. 1854, C. L. MacArthur. 1S59, January 3, Wil- liam Hagadorn. 1861, Troy Union and Budget. 1867, Troy 334 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Northern Budget re-established as a Sunday paper, by C. L. MacArthur. At the present time, C. L. MacArthur & Son. 1802. Troy Gazette, Tuesday, September 3d, 1802, weekly, by Thomas Collier. September 4, 1804, Wright & Wilbur. De- cember 25, Wright, Wilbur & Stockwell. September 10, 1805, Wright, Goodenow & Stockwell. 1806. Farmers' Register, Tuesday, January 25, 1803, weekly, by Francis Adancourt, opposite Jacobs' Hotel, Lansingburgh. Removed to Troy in 1806. 1812. Troy Post, September 1, 1S12, Parker & Bliss. 1823. Troy Sentinel, July 15, 1823, O. L. Holley, editor; Wil- liam S. Parker, publisher. March 7, 1826, J. D. Willard, edi- tor; Tuttle & Richards, publishers. July 13, 1827, O. L. Hol- ley, editor ; Tuttle & Gregory, printers. May 1, 1830, Troy Daily Sentinel, O. L. Holley, editor ; Tuttle & Gregory, printers. 1824. The Fowler, April, by Gilbert Gunflint, Esq. 1825. Evangelical Restorationist, Adolphus Skinner. 1826. Troy Review, January 4, Truman Hastings, editor, Tuttle & Richards, printers. 1826. The Reflector, Saturday, March 25, Castor & Pollux. 1828. Evangelical Repository. 1828. Troy Republican (Anti-Masonic paper) by Austin & Wel- lington. 1830, Thomas Clowes. 1831. Northern Watchman. 1832, changed to the Troy Watch- man. 1 83 1. The Gospel Anchor, (Universalist,) by John M. Austin, afterwards H. J. Green. 1833, Williamson and Austin. 1832. Troy Statesman, (Anti-Masonic,) June 12, T. J. Suther- land. 1832. Troy Daily Press, September, by William Yates. Yates & Richards, printers. 1833. Troy American, September 18, by E. J. Van Cleve. 1834. The Botanic Advocate, by Russell Buckley. 1834. Troy Whig, July 1, 1834, weekly and daily, J. M. Steven- son. October 1, 1850, Charles D. Brigham. 1855, George Abbott. 1863, H. W. Green & Co. November 10, 1864, Geo. Evans, editorial manager. August, 1868, A. Kirkpatrick. No- vember 17, 1873, Troy Whig Publishing Co. 1834. The Trojan, Jacob D. E. Vanderheyden, Russell Buckley, printer. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 335 1836. The State Journal, R. J. Hasten. 1837, the New York State Journal, John Haxton. 1837. Troy Daily Mail, by Wellington & Nafew. 1840, Atwell & Mills. 1841. Troy Daily Bulletin, December 6, William Hagen, edi- tor ; R. Thompson, printer. 1842. Troy Daily Herald, October 24, Ayres & Whitehouse. 1843. The Aquarian. 1843. Troy Temperance Mirror, published by Bardwell & Knee- land. 1844. The Family Journal, Fisk & Co. 1848, the New York Family Journal. 185 1, the Troy Family Journal. 1844. Troy Daily Post, Alexander McCall and Enoch Davis. 1850, Davis & Johnson. 1852, A. G. Johnson. 1845. The Trojan. 1846. Troy Daily Telegraph, Hagen & Ayres. 1846. The Rensselaer County Temperance Advocate, by S. Spicer. 1846. The Journal of Temperance, Allen & Garnett. 185 1. The Old Settler, monthly, January 16, Allen. 185 1. The Unique, semi-monthly, Thursday, June 12, Parvus lulus. 1S51. Troy Daily Times, June 25, John M. Francis, editor; J. M. Francis & R. D. Thompson, publishers. 1854, J. M. Francis. July 17, 1856, Troy Weekly Times. Feb. 20, 1865, J. M. Fran- cis & Co. June 5, 1869, J. M. Francis & (H. O'R.) Tucker. 1851. La Ruche Canadienne, Dorian & Mathiot. 1853. Our Paper, January, Davis & Cutler. 1854. Troy Daily Democrat, October 24, James T. Ellis. 1854. Troy Daily Traveller, Fisk & Avery ; Fisk, Fisk & Av- ery ; Fisk, Avery & Thompson. Changed from Troy Daily Post in 1852. 1859. The Daily Arena, October 18, MacArthur & Fonda. Feb- ruary, 1861, A. G. Johnson, editor; A. A. Fisk, publisher. 1859. Troy Daily Express, Gaylord J. Clarke, editor; Allen Corey, publisher. i860. Troy Morning News, April, E. F. Loveridge, proprietor. i860. Laigle Canadien, L. Cousin and Dr. J. N. Cadieux, edi- tors ; James R. Lettore, publisher. 1 86 1. Troy Union, Van Arnam & Merriam. 336 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 1862. Troy City Democrat, June 28th, J. A, & A. Corey, edi- tors ; A. Corey & Co., publishers. 1863. Troy Daily Press, July 30th, A. S. Pease. August 8th, Weekly Press. 1867, William S. Hawley ; October 28, Hawley Brothers, (new series). November 7, 1868, E. P. Hawley ; November 23, Hawley & Parmenter. 1869, May 18, Parmenter & Clark. February 11, 1873, Jerome B. Parmenter. 1864. Troy News, Sunday, August 21, C. L. MacArthur. Janu- ary, 1866, William S. Hawley. 1867. Sunday Herald, November n, Wm. F. Boshart. 1868. The Public Spirit, March, Le Grand Benedict. 1870. Sunday Telegram, November, Thomas Hurley. 1872. Troy Volksfreund, April 13, August Hillebrand. 1875. Sunday Trojan, April 25, A. B. Elliott, proprietor. LOCAL SOCIETIES AND CORPORATIONS. MASONIC. Apollo Lodge, No. 49, (now 13.) Chartered June 19, 1796. First officers installed December n, 1796, in Moulton's Lodge Chamber, in the building then known as Captain Howard Moulton's Coffee House, and at present the Troy Female Seminary. The installation was performed by James Dole, Worshipful Master of Hiram Lodge, Lansingburgh. First officers : John Bird, W. M. , John Woodworth, S. W. ; Samuel Miner, J. W. ; Joseph Bacon, Secretary; Marvel Ellis, S. D. ; Chester Truesdell, J. D. ; Howard Moulton, S. Steward, and Benjamin Gorton, J. Steward. Present officers : Ransom H. Noble, W. M. ; John A. MacDon- ald, S W. ; Edward L. Stout, J. W. ; Charles Cleminshaw, Treas- urer, Hiram W. Gordinier, Secretary; James B. MacLellan, S. D. ; John Ketcham, J. D ; A. Vandenburgh, W. John Stevenson, M. of C ; C. H. Bosworth, C. D. Waston, Stewards; Rev. E. D. Simons, Chaplain ; William W. Rousseau, Organist ; C. W. Rapp, Marshal ; Charles Teson, Tiler ; Albert L. Hotchkin, S. M. Dutcher, Charles Teson, Trustees. King Solomon's Primitive Lodge, No. 91. Chartered June 4, 1842. Lodge organized June 30, 1842. The first officers were installed at Masonic Hall, No. 279 River street, near Fulton Market, August n, 1842, by R. W. John D. Willard, S. G. W. of the Grand Lodge. First officers: Achille J. Rousseau, W. M. ; John S Perry, S. W. ; Joseph A. Wood, J. W ; S. G. Hunting- ton, Treasurer ; George H. Ball, Secretary ; N. T. Woodruff, S. D. ; H. K. Smith, J. D. ; George R. Davis and William Perkins, M. of C. ; John B. Colegrove and B. Cheeney, Stewards. Present officers : Charles W. Peoble, W. M. ; Charles M Austin, S. W. , Frank M. Fales, J W. ; O. R. Young, Treasurer; Henry Stowell, Secretary ; Frank A. Andros, S. D. ■ Alexander W. Taylor, 43 33<3 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. J. D. ; Rev. J. B. Cleaver, Chaplain ; William S. Flack and Charles H. Newman, M. of C. ; William Lamphere, Marshal ; Charles Te- son, Tiler; Alexander B. King, Jesse B.Anthony, G. P. Cozzens, Trustees. Mount Zion Lodge No. 311. Chartered June 13, 1853. First officers: John S. Perry, W. M. ; James S. Keeler, S. W. ; Riley W. Kenyon. J. W. Present officers : James Knibbs, W. M. ; George Churchill, S. W., George H. Morrison, J. W. ; J. Frank Calder, Treas. ; Wm. Tough, Scc'y ; Charles R. Hicks, S. D. ; Thomas Jessup, J. D. ; P. F. Van- derheyden, Jacob E. Danker, M. of C. ; Joseph N. Brown, Howard M. Dougrey, Stewards ; Rev. A. B. Hervey, Chaplain ; Emanuel Hahn, Marshal , Wm. W. Rousseau, Organist ; Charles Teson, Tiler ■ A. B. Fales, Joseph C. Hair, J. Leroy Pine, Trustees. Apollo Mark Master's Lodge, No. 35. Organized February, 1807. First three officers : Ira M. Wells, R. W. M. ; S. F. Richards and Lemuel Reed. Apollo Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, No. 48. Chartered February 10, 1816. First officers : Ira M. Wells, H. P.; Wm. Neafust, King ; Asa Anthony, Scribe, Present officers : Jesse B. Anthony, High Priest ; George D. Smith, King ; James L. Thompson, Scribe ; Gorton P. Cozzens, Treas. ; Edward B. Cox, Sec 'y ; Theo. E. Haslehurst, Capt. H. ; William R. Hyde, P. S. ; Fred. Ratcliff, R. A. C. ; Joseph W. Smart, M. 3d V. ; William F. Robertson, M 2d V. ; Thomas B. Helliwell, M. 1st V. ; Otis R. Greene, Organist ; Charles Teson, Tiler ; George Babcock, A. B. King, L. H. Button, Trustees. Apollo Commandery No. 15, K. T. Formed August 12, 1839. Warrant granted by the Grand Com- mandery, June 4, 1841. First Em, Commander, Thos. T. Wells. Present officers : Jesse B. Anthony, E. Com. ; J. R. Pettis, Gen- ealissimo; Robert B. Ranken, Capt. Gen.; George B. Smith, Pre- late ; I. Seymour Scott, S. W. ; Joseph C. Hair, J. W, ; Levi H. Button, Treas. ; George A. Waters, Recorder ; Fred. Ratcliff, Stan- dard Bearer; Theo. E. Haslehurst, Warder; Gorton P. Cozzens, S. Bearer; William Tough, 1st Guard; Edw. S. Armstrong, 2d Guard; Henry Stowell, 3d Guard ; Edw. D. Cheney, Organist -, Charles HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 239 Teson, Capt. of G. ; James W. Cusack, L. A. Rousseau, Jesse B. Anthony, Trustees. Bloss Council No. 14, It. & S. M. Present officers : Theo. E. Haslehurst, T. I. M. ; P. F. Vander- heyden, R. I. D. M. ; Henry T. Smith, I. P. C. W. ; William Pettis, Recorder ; L. H. Button, Treasurer ; E. S. Armstrong, Capt. G. ; Jos. W. Smart, Cond. C. ; Fred. Ratcliff, Steward ; Charles Teson, Sentinel ; E. B. Cox, W. R. Hyde, Jos. W. Smart, Trustees. Delta Lodge of Perfection. Ineffable Degrees, 4° — 14 . Organized 1870. Present officers : Jesse B. Anthony, 33 °, T. P. G. M. ; Charles Cleminshaw, 32 °, D. G. M. ; Julius R. Pettis, 32 °,V. S. G.W.; Lee Chamberlin, 32 °, V. J. G. W. ; Gorton P. Cozzens, 32 , G. Treas. ; Edward B. Cox, 32 , G. Sec. & K. S. ; George Churchill, 32 °, G. Orator; Alexander B. King, 32 °, G. M. Cer. ; Jos. W. Smart, 32 °G. Capt. G. ; George B. Smith, 32 , G. Hospr. ; Charles Teson, 32 , G. Tiler; Julius R. Pettis, 32 °, Charles Cleminshaw, 32 °, William S. Earl, 32 °, Trustees. Delta Council P. of J. Ancient Historical and Traditional Grades, 15 and 16 °. Present officers : Jesse B. Anthony, ^3 °, M. Eq. S. P. G. M. ; Alexander B. King, 32 °, G. H. P. Dep. G. M. ; Julius R. Pettis, 32 °, M. En. S. G. W. ; David M. Greene, 32 °, M. En. J. G. W. ; Albert L. Hotch- nin, 32 , G. Orator; Edward B. Cox, 32 , V. K. S. ; Gorton P. Cozzens, 32 °, V. G. Treasurer; William R. Hyde, 32 °, G. M. Cer- emonies; George B. Smith, 32 °, G. M. Entrance; H. H. Halladay, 32 °, G. Hospitaller ; Charles Teson, 32 °, G. T. Delta Chapter Rose Croix. Philosophical, Doctrinal and Chivalric Grades. 17 and 18 . Present officers : Jesse B. Anthony, 33 °, M. W. P. M. ; Frank A. Andros, 32 °, M. E. and P. K. S. W. ; John S. Perry, 32 °, M. E. and P. K. J. W. ; George Babcock, 33 °, M. E. and P. K. G. O. ; Gorton P. Coz'/ens, 32°, Res. and P. K. Treasurer; Edward B. Cox, 32 °, Res. and P. K. Secretary; Levi H. Button, 32 °, Res. and P. K. Hospitaller; Alexander B. King, 32 °, Res. and P. K. M. Ceremo- nies; George F. Sims, 32 °, Res. and P. K. Captain G. ; Charles Teson, 32 °, Res. and P. K. T. 34° HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. I. O. OF O. F. Rensselaer Lodge, No. 53. Charter granted June i, 1841. First officers : D. E. Battershall, N. G. ; John M. Bogardus, V. G. ; Edwin Cleminshaw, Recording Secretary ; A. C. Anthony, Treasurer. Present officers : Thomas R. Wells, N. G. ; James E. Blooming- dale, V. G. ; James Brown, Recording Secretary ; Harvey E. Prim- mer, Permanent Secretary ; Samuel A. Chapin, Treasurer. Rensselaer Degree Lodge, No. 7. Organizeu November 4, 1841. First officers: H. T. Hyde, N. G. ; Jesse J. Ayres, V. G. ; Hiram Taylor, Secretary; Thomas Ben- nett, Treasurer. Present officers : A. F. Johnston, N. G. ; William Schwall, V. G. ; George W. Lutherman, Secretary ; Thomas Godson, Treasurer. Athenian Lodge, No. 96. Chartered January 19, 1847. First officers: Thomas Godson, N. G. ; Charles Burns, V. G.; E. G. Wellington, Treasurer ; William Oakey, Recording Secretary; B. J. Prouty, Permanent Secretary. Present officers : Joseph Hicks, N. G. ; Nicholas Young, V. G. ; Charles Broseman, Recording Secretary; M. H. W T illiams, Perma- nent Secretary ; Thomas Godson, Treasurer. Rhein Lodge, No. 248, (German.) Organized August 18, 1870. First officers : John Burkert, Noble Grand ; George Young, Vice Grand ; — Baum, Recording Secre- tary; Max Steigmayer, Permanent Secretary; Anthony Svvartz, Treasurer. Present officers : Charles Heinzheimer, Noble Grand ; Philip Kranz, Vice Grand ; Henry Vitalius, Recording Secretary ; John Muiske, Permanent Secretary ; Anton Schwarz, Treasurer. Trojan Lodge, No. 27. Chartered November 11, 1839. Present officers: George E. Blake, Noble Grand ; Samuel McCombs, Vice Grand ; Henry T. Wemett, Secretary ; H. J. Shirland, Permanent Secretary ; Isaac Ensign, Treasurer. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 34 l Troy Encampment, No. 3. Organized December 25, 1839. Chartered Dec. 6, 1841. First officers : S Mallory, C. P. ; Alanson Cook, H. P. ; John Price, S. W. ; J. J. Gillespy, Scribe ; William Thompson, Treasurer ; Hiram Arnold, J. W. Present officers: A. S. Bassett, C. P. ; Hugh Galbraith, H. P. ; T. R. Wells, S. W. ; Thomas Godson, Treasurer ; A. F. Johnson, Scribe ; J. W. Craver, J. W. Funeral Aid Association. Organized June 21st, 1868. First officers : William Madden, President ; Nelson H. Benson, Secretary ; Thomas Godson, Treas- urer. Present officers : William Madden, President ; H. J. Shirland, Secretary ; Thomas Godson, Treasurer. Augusta Rebecca Lodge. Chartered March 20, 1872. First officers : William Spaeth, Noble Grand ; Mina Bestel, Vice Grand ; Amalia Rapp, Recording Secre- tary; Louise Stegmyer, Permanent Secretary; Susanna Steuber, Treasurer. Present officers : Herman Carl, Noble Grand ; Anna Loth, Vice Grand ; Louise Gimbel, Recording Secretary ; M. Zimmerman, Permanent Secretary ; Susanna Steuber, Treasurer. Troy Union Rebecca Degree Lodge, No. 50. Chartered February 25, 1874. First officers : Peter Blass, Noble Grand ; Mrs. S. Guard, Vice Grand ; Mrs. McNamara, Secretary ; Mrs. Levi Matthews, Permanent Secretary; Mrs. Moses Corbin, Treasurer. Present officers : Peter Blass, Noble Grand ; Mrs. Moses Haskell, Vice Grand ; J. G. Patton, Recording Secretary ; Mrs. Levi Mat- thews, Permanent Secretary ; Mrs. Moses Corbin, Treasurer KNIGHTS OF MALTA. St. John's Encampment, No. 106. James McCaughren, Sir Knight Com. ; William H. Johnson, Gen- eralissimo ; Jacob Smythe, Recorder ; William Jordan, Captain Gen- 34 2 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. eral; Joseph McKinney, Prelate; Charles P. Hayner, S. W. ; Rob- ert Jordan, J. W. ; Robert Campbell, Treasurer ; James R. Williams, Registrar. KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. Premier Lodge, No. 20. Instituted August n, 1869. Morris Levy, Past Chancellor; R. H. Lawton, Chancellor Commander ; John Toy, Vice Chancellor ; James Van Arnam, Prelate ; Richard Jones, Master of Exchequer ; Henry Hahn, Master of Finance ; George F. Dunning, Keeper of Records and Seals. Crusader Lodge, No. 24. Nicholas Young, Chancellor Commander; Elijah Goodfellow, Vice Chancellor; J. G. Patton, Keeper of Records and Seals; Wil- liam H. Tabor, Master of Finance ; Charles Waldheim, Master of Exchequer. Thomas Godson, of Crusader Lodge, Deputy of Rens- selaer District. America Lodge, No. 27. Organized November 12, 1869. Walter Donald, Chancellor Com- mander; C. Hamman, Vice Chancellor; Warren Hedenberg, Keeper of Records and Seals ; A. E. Sliter, Master of Finance ; John Lincy, Master of Exchequer ; Peter Peterson, Prelate. Guttenberg Lodge, No. 112. Charles Heinsheimer, Chancellor Commander : Christian Stein, Vice Chancellor ; Henry Steuber, Prelate ; Max Herrmann, Keeper of Records and Seals; Nicholas Mesnig, Master of Exchequer ; Henry Schoenberner, Master of Finance. ORANGEMEN. Troy True Blue L. O. L., No. 31. Organized October 17, 1871. William H. Johnson, Master; John Wood, Deputy Master; Robert Reynolds, Secretary; William Jor- dan, Treasurer; Jacob Symthe, Chaplain ; Charles P. Heyner, Con- ductor ; Andrew Willey, Tiler. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 343 George Washington L. O. L., No. 61. Organized June 12, 1873. John McCauley, Master; James Mc- Caughren, Deputy Master ; John Kennedy, Treasurer ; James Mc- Caughren, jr., Secretary ; Thomas Fallis, Chaplain : Samuel Reid, Conductor ; John Moore, Tiler. Abraham Lincoln L. O. L., No. 129. Organized February 24th, 1S76. John Galbraith, Master; Jolm Leggett, Deputy Master; Joseph Hoellinger, Treasurer; John Rich- ardson, Secretary ; Thomas L. Wright, Chaplain ; Thomas Arm- strong, Conductor; James Morrison, Tiler. Mount Horeb District L. O. L., No. 11. Organized June 15th, 1S73. William W. Butler, Master; John McCauley, Deputy Master ; John Leggett, Treasurer ; Robert Rey- nolds, Secretary; Thomas L. Wright, Chaplain; William H. John- ston, Conductor ; John Galbraith, Tiler. Mount Carmel Black Preceptory. Organized May 2, 1876. William W. Butler, Master; George Deans, Deputy; Robert Reynolds, Registrar-, Samuel Hannah, Treasurer ; Robert Johnston, Chaplain. GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. Post G. L. Willard, No. 34. Organized June 1, 1869. First officers : Joseph B. Carr, Com- mander; Joseph Hyde, Senior Vice Commander; Joseph Egolf, Junior Vice Commander; Edward I. Davis, Adjutant; Bernard N. Smith, Quartermaster ; Alonzo Alden, Chaplain ; William S. Cooper, M. D., Surgeon ; Anson Moore, Sergeant Major ; Isaac F. Handy, Quartermaster Sergeant; James F. Simmons, Officer of the Day; George W. Jenkins, Officer of the Guard. Present officers : Joseph Egolf, Commander ; John Oathout, Sen- ior Vice Commander ; Andrew J. Holliday, Junior *Vice Command- er; John H. Torrance, Adjutant; Edmund L. Cole, Quartermaster; Oliver Magee, Chaplain ; Luke W. Nichols, Surgeon ; Adolph Schmidt, Sergeant Major ; John W. Bounds, Quartermaster-Ser- geant ; George W. Lutherman, Officer of the Day; S. Somers, Of- ficer of the Guard. 344 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. LODGES. Joshua Lodge, No. 78, I. O. K. S. B. Instituted April 14, 1872. Samuel Gatzlick, President; Simon May, Vice President ; Frank Hartsfeld, Secretary ; Emanuel Gratz, Treasurer Jeremiah Lodge, No. 85, I. O. B. B. Organized October 26, 1866. George H. Levy, President; Myer Gershom, Vice President ; Gustavus H. Berwin, Secretary ; Henry Stamper, Financial Secretary ; C. C. Robinson, Treasurer. Mistletoe Grove, No. 11, Order of Druids. Organized December 4, 1845. Christian Meps, President; J. F. Witze, Vice President ; Lorenzo Peters, Secretary ; William Reent- ers, Financial Secretary ; Herman Carl, Treasurer ; Max Stegmyer, Inside Guardian. Mount Moriah Lodge, (Colored, Masonic.) Organized January, 1875. James Ferrell, W. M. ; J. E. Williams, Senior Warden ; Robert Lansing, Junior Warden ; James McDou- gall, Treasurer ; David Jones, Secretary ; Willis Allen, Senior Dea- con ; Carey James, Junior Deacon. Troy Turn Verein Society. Organized August 8, 1852, re-organized 1864. Philip Kranz, President ; A. Meuschke, Vice President ; Herman Sontag, Record- ing Secretary ; Herman Schur, Corresponding Secretary ; Henry Steuber, Treasurer ; Theodore Schneider, First Turn Wart ; Robert Sasse, Second Turn Wart. SCHOOLS. Troy Academy. Incorporated May 5, 1834; organized January 28, 1835. F. N. Mann, President ; Rev. George C. Baldwin, D. D., Vice President ; Prof. T. Newton Willson, Secretary and Treasurer. Board of Trus- tees : George C. Baldwin, D. D., William H. Doughty, Jonathan W. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 345 Freeman, Chauncey O. Greene, Harvey J. King, Francis N. Mann, Francis N. Mann, jr., Harvey Mosher, Gilbert Robertson, jr., T. Newton Willson. Troy Business College. Established 1858. Named in the act of incorporation passed by the Legislature of the State of New York, April 12, 187 1. Board of Trustees : Thomas Coleman, President ; G. Parish Ogden, Wil- liam H. Young, F. A. Sheldon, P. W. Converse, John R. Carnell. McCreary & Shields, Principals. Troy Female Seminary. Miss Emily T. Wilcox, Principal ; William Gurley, Vice Presi- dent and Treasurer; John H. Willard, Secretary. Trustees: Uri Gilbert, Elias Plum, James Forsyth, G. B. Kellogg, William Gurley, J. W. Fuller, William Kemp, C. W. Tillinghast, Francis S. Thayer, Lewis E. Gurley, E. Thompson Gale, John H. Willard, Mayor of Troy, ex-officio. St. Joseph's Provincial Seminary. Founded in 1864, for the then ecclesiastical province of New York and the New England States. Course of study is one year in philosophy and three and a half years in theology, after which the student is ordained. Faculty : Very Rev. Henry Gabriels, S. T. L., Professor of Ecclesiastical History and Moral Philosophy. Rev. Charles Roelants, S. T. B., Professor of Sacred Scripture. Rev. Peter Puissant, S. T. B., Professor of Moral Theology and Canon Law, and Treasurer. Rev. Augustine Fivez, S. T. L., Professor of Dogmatic Theology. Rev. Joseph F. Mooney, A. M., Professor of Philosophy. Rev. James S. M. Lynch, Director, and Professor of Liturgy. Rev. Edward Dunphy, A. M., Professor of Sacred Elo- quence and History of Philosophy. Number of students in theolo- gy, 106 ; in philosophy, 27 ; total, 133. Whole number of ordina- tions since the founding of the Seminary, 260. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Founded in 1824. James Forsyth, President; William Gurley, Vice President ; William H. Doughty, Secretary ; William H. Young, Treasurer. Faculty : James Forsyth, President, Lecturer on Law of Contracts. Charles Drowne, C. E., A. M., Director, Professor of 44 346 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Theoretical and Practical Mechanics. James Hall, LL. D., N. Y. State Palaeontologist, Professor of Theoretical, Practical and Min- ing Geology Dascom Greene, C. E., Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy. Henry Bradford Nason, A. M., Ph. D., Professor of Chemistry and Natural Science. William Lawson Adams, C. E., Professor of Geodesy, Road Engineering and Topographical Draw- ing. Dvvinel French Thompson, B. S., Professor of Descriptive Geometry, Stereotomy and Drawing. Richard Halsted Ward, A. M., M. D., Professor of Botany. Arthur Wellington Bower, C. E., Assistant Professor of Physics. Jules Godeby, A. B., Instructor in the French Language and Literature. William Hubert Burr, C. E., Assistant in Theoretical and Practical Mechanics. Palmer Cham- berlaine Ricketts, C. E., Assistant in Mathematics and Astronomy. William Pitt Mason, C. E., Assistant in Chemistry and Natural Sci- ence. William Henry Powless, C. E., Assistant in Geodesy, Descrip- tive Geometry and Drawing. Robert P. Whitfield. Professor of Geology. Number of students, 176. MANUFACTURING COMPANIES. Albany and Rensselaer Iron and Steel Co. Organized 1875. Capital, $2,000,000. Erastus Corning, Presi- dent ; Chester Griswold, Vice President ; Selden E. Marvin, Secre- tary and Treasurer ; James E. Walker, General Manager. Citizens' Gas Light Company, of Troy. Incorporated May 19, 1875. Perry E. Toles, President; George C. Burdett, Vice President ; Nelson Davenport, Treasurer ; John C. House, Secretary. Troy Gas Light Company. Organized March 15, 1848. E. Thompson Gale, President ; Thomas W. Lockwood, Secretary and Treasurer ; Frederick A. Sab- baton, Superintendent. Troy Hydraulic Company. Incorporated April 15, 1826. Francis S. Thayer, President. Al- exander M. Orr, Secretary and Treasurer. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY.. 347 MISCELLANEOUS. American Protestant Association, Mount Zion Lodge, No. 25. Thomas Fallis, W. M. ; John H. Cowen, W. D. M. ; James M. Burke, Recording Secretary; William Herron, Financial Secretary; George Spence, Treasurer ; Robert Campbell, Chaplain. Americus Club. Organized November 5, 1871. J. T. Maloney, President; Pat- rick Dunn, Vice President ; Fred H. Tidmarsh, Secretary ; Law- rence T. Reilly, Treasurer. Ancient Order of Hibernians, Division 2. Organized April 6, 1873. John F. Kelley, President; William H. O'Brien, Vice-President; Edward A. Reilly, Recording Secretary ; Dennis J. Dewan, Corresponding Secretary ; Michael A. Tiernay, Financial Secretary ; James Moran, Treasurer. Aurora Boat Club. Organized July, 1874. William J. Roche, President; Edward J. Breen, Captain ; John F. Roche, Assistant Captain ; R. P. Grace, Secretary ; T. J. Hurley, Treasurer. Bessemer Steel Works Mutual Benefit Association. Organized February 15,1869. John McNeil, President ; Daniel Sullivan, Vice-President ; Patrick Maloney, Secretary ; P. H. Mit- chell, Treasurer. Caledonian Club of Troy and Cohoes. Organized January 29, 1872. Adam Ross, Honor Chief ; Walter Donald, First Chieftain ; Donald McKay, Second Chieftain ; Geo. Gray, Jr., Third Chieftain ; Andrew Cunningham, Fourth Chieftain. Church Home— Protestant Episcopal. Incorporated under act passed April 17, 1863. Joseph W. Fuller, President; Norman B. Squires, Vice-President; H. B. Dauchy, Secretary ; Willard Gay, Treasurer ; Miss Mary Jane Smith, Matron. 34-8 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. The Day Home. First act of incorportion, March 5, 1862 ; second act of incor- poration, 1866. Mrs. Isaac McConihe, President; Mrs. P. P. Stewart, Vice-President ; Mrs. J. D. Willard, Treasurer; Miss Lottie Marvin, Secretary. Ex-Officers' Association. Established in the City of Troy, January 2, 1872. First officers elected: J. G. Patton, Adjutant; Joseph Egolf, Quartermaster; William E. Kisselburgh, Commissary. Present officers : J. G. Patton, Adjutant; M. H. Donovan, Quartermaster; Wm. J. Sher- man, Commissary ; R. B. Bontecou, Surgeon ; Rev. E. D. Simons, Chaplain ; Henry E. Snow, Assistant Adjutant. The Emerald Benevolent Association. Organized August 15, 1875. Michael F. McKiernan, President; John McCormick, Vice-President ; Patrick H. Flaherty, Secretary ; John E.Cannon, Assistant Secretary ; Matthew F. Meara, Treasurer; Michael Dormady, Messenger ; Andrew Dormady, Librarian ; John Burns, Thomas Moore, Stewards. Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. Organized February 18, 1874. Thomas Norton, President; Thomas McManus, Vice-President ; George Moss, Secretary ; Ed- mund Fitzgerald, Treasurer. Hebrew Benevolent Society. Organized November 30, 1873. Mrs. Julius Saul, President; Mrs. A. Ksensky, Mrs. T. Hartsfeld, Vice-Presidents ; Mrs. E. Eberson, Secretary ; Mrs. E. Knox, Treasurer. Hibernian Benevolent Association. Incorporated March 7, 1834. Timothy Kelly, President; Michael Ryan, Vice-President ; Michael Benson, Recording Secretary ; Jas. Sheehey ; Corresponding Secretary ; Peter Brannan, Treasurer. Home for the Aged Poor. Conducted by the Little Sisters of the Poor. Joseph Theresa, Mother Superior. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 349 Hudson River Homeopathic Medical Society. Organized July 8, 1875. C. H. Carpenter, M. D., President; E. S. Coburn, M. D., Vice-President ; H. L Waldo, M. D., Secretary and Treasurer. Hudson Valley Dental Association. Organized January, 1864. E. J. Young, President; J. R. Draper, Vice-President ; H. A. Hall, Secretary ; S. P. Welsh, Treasurer. Ionic Club. Organized August 27, 1853 ; incorporated ..ugust 6, 1868. First officers : S. Nelson Derrick, President ; L. A. Rousseau, Vice-Presi- dent ; H. B. Dauchy, Secretary and Treasurer. Present officers : Charles Cleminshaw, President ; Wm. H. Young, Vice-President ; P. F. Vanderheyden, Secretary and Treasurer. Laureate Boat Club. Organized June 19, 1866. Present officers : H. M. Alden, Pres.- dent ; R. H. Van Alstyne, Secretary and Treasurer; J. K. Howe, Captain ; G. C. Baldwin, Jr., Lieutenant ; W. H. Doughty, E. M. Green, Charles Nash, Trustees. Ladies' Association Auxiliary to the Troy Orphan Asylum. Mrs. G. M. Tibbits, First Directress; Mrs. H. Green, Second Directress; Mrs. M. King Third Directress ; Mrs. J. L. G. Knox, Secretary ; Mrs. George L. Willard, Treasurer ; Mrs. Greenman, Matron ; Miss E. Doolittle, House Secretary and Accountant ; Miss Kate Vandenberg, Teacher. Presbyterian Church Home. Organized January 23, 187 1. Mrs. W. R. Bush, President; Mrs. H. Church, Vice-President ; Miss Belle Cook, Secretary ; Mrs. T. Knickerbacker, Treasurer. Rensselaer County Medical Society. Organized under act of 1809. Records burned in 1820. C. H. Burbeck, President ; R. H. Ward, Vice President ; Z. Rousseau, Secretary ; J. L. Wentworth, Treasurer ; W. T. Baynes, Librarian. Censors : R. H. Ward, Le Roy McLean, M. H. Burton, C. L. Hub- bell, E. J. Fiske. 35° HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Rensselaer County Bible Society. Organized 1815. Frederick P. Allen, President; J. Spencer Garnsey, Corresponding Secretary; R. H. Uline, Recording Secre- tary; E. W. Boughton, Treasurer; William H. Young, Depositary. Rensselaer County Homeopathic Medical Society, Organized October 6, 1S59. Dr. C. G. Clark, President ; Dr. F. L. Vincent, Vice President ; Dr. C. S. Woodruff, Secretary and Treasurer Rensselaer County Sunday School Union. Auxiliary to the American Sunday School Union. Established 1832. Lewis E. Gurley, President; James H. Kellogg, Correspond- ing Secretary ; J. Spencer Garnsey, Treasurer ; William A. Grippin, Secretary. Rensselaer Park Association. Organized June 4. 1S67. Ai Pine, President; J. L. Pine, Vice President ; George P. Ide, Secretary and Treasurer. Rensselaer Polytechnic Rowing Association. Organized February 8, 1870. B. B. Newton, Captain ; A. G. Baker, Lieutenant ; H. G. Young, Secretary ; H. C. Shaw, Treas- urer. Robert Emmet Association. Organ. zed January 1, 1S6S. James W. Donnelly, President; John H. Burns, Vice President ; John F. Cahill, Recording Secretary ; William J. Roche, Financial Secretary- Charles H. Hartney, Treas- St. Augustine Association. Organized February 1, 1S41. Revised September 20, 1S65. Chas. T. Gediney, President ; William Jackson, Vice President ; James H. Davis, Secretary ; A. S. Bishop, Assistant Secretary ; Charles Hegamin, Treasurer. Sisters of St. Joseph. Two communities. Founded August 29, 1861. Mother Gonza- ga, Superioress. Mother Philomena, Superioress. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 3 " I Society St. Vincent de Paul. Particv — ..-.-. P. H.. Sullr -ier.t. F. hael F. McKieman ; Treasurer, Michael Rile This Council cons S ritual Directors, Presidents and Presidents, of all the con:. nized and officered as • -7 ; - — Organized March n, 1863. Spiritual Director, . rmans ; Presider." -:dent, halen ; 5f . Michael Burke: Treasurer, Thomas Gilvm. St, Joseph's — Organized April Sth, 1S66. Spiritual Director, Connolly: V dent, demand; Secretary, Charles Burk. John parxick. i — Organized January : - Spiritual Director, ' . - K . President, 1 JF. ] Vice iiarn Ber. Secret I Dc shanty; Treas- hael Mc: — 1874 Spiritual Director, IVm. J. Bourkc ddent, David R Delaney; Se;: Edward O'XeiL St. ?.-.:: ."..'■: - — Organized Angus! : 1 -_. Spiritual T tor, Rev. John Jos. S ient, Ge: r Moss; Secretary, Thos. J. O "Sullivan; Treasurer, I .rle. St l*s — :;anized September 1st, 1S74. Spiritual Di- recl rick ; President, Michael Fallon ; John Nugent; Seen i Donovan; Treasurer, Wm. Hartnett. St. Jean Baptist National Society. ganized August :z. z l -z. Thimothe Chevalier. President; mie Leg^re. Firs: Vice President; Joseph M. Spenard, Second r ] -.i::.:. ri;t.::r lr. ; - - - :- mt £ : Leon G rspondin; Se Pierre G . :ial Secretary : Xavier Ju r ::.ncis Lac: Hement ge C::rrtrn::rr. Ass ll Marshal. 35 2 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. St. Vincent's Female Orphan Asylum. Incorporated under the present name, 1863. Sarah Agnes, Sister Superior; Sister Onesime Rosensteel, President; Sister Maria Mc- Kenney, Vice President; Sister Mary McKelleher, Secretary; Sister Sarah Agnes, Treasurer. Sons of Scotia. Organized April 14, 1868. David Greenhill, President; John Howat, Vice President ; William Lindsay, Treasurer ; Andrew Cun- ningham, Secretary ; Thomas Hogg, Financial Secretary. Tammany Club of Troy. Organized October 7, 1873. John H. McGuinn, President; Ed- ward Croker, Vice President ; J. E. Donahue, Secretary ; J. J. Has- sett, Treasurer. Troy Catholic Male Orphan Asylum. Started December 8th, 1850; First regularly organized board, 1864. Bartholomew Kelley, President; Henry S. Cox, Vice Presi- dent ; Peter Gadory, Secretary ; John Burke, Treasurer. Troy Choral Association. Organized 1875. E. Thompson Gale, President; James R. Pren- tice, Vice President ; John W. Cannon, Recording Secretary ; Wil- liam E. Kisselburgh, Corresponding Secretary ; G. Parish Ogden, Treasurer ; W. H. P. Cutting, Librarian ; Dr. T. J. Guy, Musical Director. Troy Club. Organized November 27, 1867. E. Thompson Gale, President; Uri Gilbert, Vice President ; E. R. Vail, Treasurer ; E. M. Green, Secretary. Troy Marshall Infirmary. Incorporated June 20, 185 1. Thomas Coleman, President ; J. W. Downing, First Vice President ; J. W. Freeman, Second Vice Pres- ident ; R. H. Ward, M. D., Secretary ; George A. Stone, Treasurer. Medical Board : H. B. White, R. H. Ward, C. L. Hubbell, W. S. Cooper. J. D. Lomax, Medical Superintendent ; George Rice, As- sistant Superintendent. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 353 Troy Iron Moulders' Union. Organized May i, 1858. John J.Grace, President; Charles Burns, Vice President ; Hiram Blanchard, Recording Secretary.; John Dempsey, Corresponding Secretary ; John O'Keefe, Financial Secretary; Patrick Fitzpatrick, Treasurer. Troy Orphan Asylum. Organized October 22, 1833; incorporated under act passed April 10, 1835. Silas K. Stow, President, deceased ; C. W. Tilling- hast, Vice President , Harvey J. King, Secretary ; Charles N. Lock- wood, Treasurer. Troy Typographical Union, No. 52. Organized i860; re-organized in 1864. C. C. Giles, President; John Bennett, Vice President ; Lucius F. Briggs, Recording Secre- tary ; Samuel Judd, Financial Secretary ; Henry Wheeler, Corres- ponding Secretary; Cornelius Mackey, Treasurer; Timothy Kelly, Sergeant-at-arms. Troy Savings Company. Organized December 15, 1869 Uri Gilbert, President; A. A. Sampson, Secretary ; J. P. Albertson, Treasurer. Troy Scientific Association. Organized October, 1870; incorporated December, 1874. R. H. Ward, President , Rev. A. B. Hervey, and Rev. William Irvin, Vice Presidents ; C. E. Smith, Recording Secretary ; F. Field, Treasurer. Troy Young Men's Association. Organized 1834 ; incorporated 1835. Latham C. Strong, Presi- dent ; C. E. Davenport, First Vice President ; Henry T. Smith, Second Vice President ; W. J. Kelly, Third Vice President ; S. C. Rodgers, Corresponding Secretary ; Daniel T. Dunn, Recording Secretary ; P. F. Vanderheyden, Treasurer ; De Witt Clinton, Libra- rian. Troy Young Men's Catholic Literary Association. Organized 1859. George Moss, President ; David Morey, First Vice President; John J. Hassett, Second Vice President; M. H. Fitzpatrick, Corresponding Secretary ; Michael F. Gaffney ; Record- ing Secretary ; Philip Connors, Treasurer. 45 354 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Troy and West Troy Bridge Company. Organized 1872. James Forsyth, President; John D. Spicer, Vice President ; E. R. Vail, Secretary and Treasurer. Women's Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. Troy Branch. Organized January, 1872. Mrs. Ezra W. Bough- ton, President ; Miss E. Button, Corresponding Secretary ; Miss C. A. Brush, Recording Secretary. Miss M. Van Schoonhoyen, Treas- urer. Ulysses Boat Club. Organized April 28, 1868. Charles G. Saxe, President ; W. H. Orelup, Captain ; E. D. W. Wood, Treasurer ; C. H Tyler, Secre- tary. United Daughters of Williams. Organized February 25, 1842. Mrs. Isabella Van Loon, Presi- dent ; Mrs. Sarah Jones, Vice President ; Mrs. Charlotte McDougall, Secretary ; Mrs. Elizabeth Bishop, Assistant Secretary ; Mrs. Cath- arine Bingham, Treasurer. TEMPERANCE. Father Albino Temperance Society. Chartered March 15, 1870. John J. Burns, President ; Christo- pher Lyons, First Vice President ; Philip Purcell. Second Vice President ; Felix Brennan, Recording Secretary ; William Murphy, Assistant Secretary ; John Connery, Financial Secretary ; David Hogan, Treasurer ; John Lynch, Marshal ; Morris Nelligan, Assis- tant Marshal. The following is a list of other Temperance Societies in the city : Albia Division No. 66, Sons of Temperance. Father Matthew Temperance Society, No. 1. Father Matthew Ladies' Temperance Society, No. 1. Iron Works Division No. 52, Sons of Temperance. Prospect Union Lodge No. 30, I. O. of G. S., and D. of S. Trojan Division No. 23, Sons of Temperance. Union Hope Lodge No. 20, I. O. of G. S. and D. of S. Young Men's Father Matthew T. A. B. Society, No. 1 and No. 2. YOUNG MEN'S ASSOCIATION. Presidents from the Organization of the Association to the Present Time — 1835 to 1876. DeWitt Tuthill John T. McCoun 1835 Thaddeus Bigelow 1836 Henry W. Strong 1837 George Gould... 1838 I. J. Merritt... 1839 James M.Stevenson .1840 Charles H. Read 1841 J. L. Van Schoonhoven 1842 Joseph White 1843 Thomas Coleman 1 844 John G. Britton --1845 William Hagen 1 846 G. Robertson, Jr 1 847 Uri Gilbert ..1848 Amos K. Hadley 1849 D. B. Cox 1850 G. B. Wallace 1851 William Gurley 1852 G B. Warren 1853 William H. Young 1854 Lyman R. Avery 1855 W. O. Cunningham 1856 Librarians of the Association from its Organization in 1835 to the Present Time Charles L. Alden Benjamin H. Hall John M. Landon N. Davenport A. B. Fales. John L. Flagg. Chauncey O. Greene Charles A. Holmes .. Clarence Willard Fred. P. Allen W. E.Gilbert Benj. F. Follett J. Spencer Garnsey.. William D. Clegg William D. Clegg E. L. Fursman E. G. Gilbert. Irving Hayner I. Grant Thompson _ . L. C. Strong 1857 .1858 1859 i860 1861 .1862 .1863 .1864 .1865 .1865 .1866 .1867 .1868 .1869 .1870 .1871 .1872 ■1873 .1874 •1875 .1876 William Hagen. 1835 N. B. Milliman _. 1841 George H. Bull .1841 John R. Harris 1842 John H. White 1844 William Robertson 1845 Henry P. Filer 1846 T. B. Heimstreet 1864 F. H. Stevens 1865 D. W. Clinton ,1875 MILITARY. NATIONAL GUARD STATE OF NEW YORK. Third Division. Major-General Joseph B. Carr, commanding, Troy. Col. Lee Chamberlain, Troy, Assistant Adjutant General and Chief of staff; Col. W. H. Lawton, Troy, Inspector; Col. David M. Greene, Troy, Engineer ; Col. F.T. Martin, Albany, Judge Advocate ; Col. Matthew H. Burton, Troy, Surgeon ; Col A. P. Corse, Troy, Chief of Artillery ; Lieut. Col. John A. McDonald, Ordnance Offi- cer; Lieut. Col. Francis N. Mann, Jr, Quartermaster; Lieut. Col. John Don, Troy, Com. of Subsistence, Major Isaac F. Handy, Major J. W. Tompkins, Capt. James Kemp, Troy, Aids-de-Camp. This Division comprises the Ninth Brigade, headquarters at Al- bany ; Tenth Brigade, headquarters at Troy ; Thirteenth Brigade, headquarters at Minaville ; Battery A, Light Artillery, headquarters at Albany ; Battery B, Light Artillery, headquarters at Troy ; a company of cavalry, headquarters at Albany Tenth Brigade. Brig. Gen. Alonzo Alden, commanding, Troy. Lieut. Col. Jerome B. Parmenter, Assistant Adjutant General and Chief of Staff; Maj. George H. Otis, Inspector ; Major John Tallmadge, Engineer ; Major John M. Landon, Judge Advocate ; Major Calvin E. Nichols, Surgeon ; Capt. Rice C. Bull, Ordnance Officer ; W. Leslie Sanders, Inspector of Rifle Practice ; Capt. C. M. Austin, Quartermaster ; Capt. James G. Patton, Com. of Subsistence ; Capt. Wm. M. Swart- wout, Lieut. C. E. Bulkley, Aids-de-Camp. The Second Battalion. Wm. H. Munn, Lieut. Col. ; Michael Timpane, Major ; Frank Chamberlain, Adjutant ; John Miller, Quartermaster; Claude Gould, Com. of Subsistence ; R. E. Belding, Surgeon ; Franklin Read, Inspector ; William H. Rogers, Chaplain. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 357 Co. A — John Thompson, Captain ; Thomas J. Donnelly, First Lieutenant ; James Doud, Second Lieutenant. Co. B — John Duke, Captain; Thomas Gilcoyne, First Lieutenant; Patrick Vaughn, Second Lieutenant. Co C — John Miller, Captain; Charles F. Hilke, First Lieutenant; Frank Moore, Second Lieutenant. Co. D — Charles Roberts, Captain ; Charles Derosher, First Lieu- tenant ; Alphonse Read, Second Lieutenant. Battery B. A. H Green, Captain ; William D. Taylor, First Lieutenant ; J. W. Craver, Senior Second Lieutenant ; Thos. W. Goring, Second Lieutenant. INDEPENDENT ORGANIZATIONS. Excelsior Guards. James B. Howe, Captain; William Flannigan, First Lieutenant; David F. Clohessy, Second Lieutenant. William B. Tibbits Corps. Joseph Egolf, Commander; I. Seymour Scott, First Vice Com- mander ; Timothy Quinn, Second Vice Commander ; John Oathout, Third Vice President. MacArthur Zouaves. John F. Fleming, Captain ; Samuel P. Eccles, First Lieutenant ; John Hennessy, SecQnd Lieutenant. NECROLOGICAL LIST Of Prominent Citizens, residents of the Village and City of Troy, from 1798 to 1876. Date of Death and Ages. 1798 — September 4, Benjamin Carpenter, 30. 1799 — January 9, Samuel Gale, M. D., 56. April 26, Mahlon Taylor, 52. 1800 — June 27, Jesse Benham, 32. 1802 — September 11, Benjamin Tibbits, Fort Miller, 37. 1803 — June 8, Jesse Bacon, 39. 1805 — November 21, Hendrick H. Gardenier, 78. 1806 — February 2, John Bird, 37. February 8, Capt. Jeremiah Pierce, 61. April 25, Edward Cullen, 26. 1807 — May 4, Robert Moffitt (Senior proprietor of Northern Bud- g et )> 33- August 5, Alfred H. Brown, drowned. November 15, Daniel Jones, 28. 1809 — September 4, Jacob D. Van der Heyden, 50. 181 1 — Ebenezer Jones, 60. 1812 — June 23, John H. Bird, 22, killed on board the frigate Presi- dent by a shot from a British frigate. 1 813 — March 3, William Gale, druggist, 31. March 14, Col. Abra- ham Ten Eyck, 59. Jacob I. Vanderheyden, 35, epidemic. June 4, John Bordman, 55. December 26, Capt. Stephen Ashley, Sandy Hill. 1814 — November 24, Capt. Moses Bears, 62. 1815 — John M. Zander, 71. June 5, Moses Vail, 62. September 7, Lieut. Thomas Vail, late of 29th U. S. Infantry. December 14, Andrew Kellogg, of the firm of J. A. & N. Kellogg. 1816 — December 2, George Van Beuren, 74. December 2, Wil- liam Boggs, 48. December 8, William Henry, 35. 1817 — August 26, Benjamin Gale, 51. 1818 — February 1, Derick Y. Vanderheyden, 36, Island of St. Croix. February 5, Rev. Isaac Knowles, 75. September 31, Pele- HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 359 thiah Bliss, 33. October 5, Gen. David Van Ness, 73. November 18, Elizabeth Gale, wife of Samuel Gale, M. D. 1819 — September 12, Capt. Russell Lord, 61, Boston. 1820 — December 26, Silas Covell, 67. September 13, Obadiah Penniman, 44. 1 82 1 — September 13, Dr. Benjamin Woodward, 57. September, Oliver Lyon, former editor of the Budget, at Caldwell, 38. Novem- ber 27, Asa Gardner, 51. 1822 — March 9, Anthony Van Schaick, attorney at law, died on the island, 43. March 11, George C. Adriance, 48. July 21, Rev. Jonas Coe, S. T. D., 64. July 29, Mrs. Stephen Ashley, 69. August 9, Capt. Daniel Silliman, 53. August 11, Jacob Weeks, 70. Decem- ber 29, Isaac Brinkerhoff, 61. 1823 — February 5, Gardner Craft, 55. February 16, Henry Lor- man, 79. February 21, George Webster, at Albany, 61. March 9, Col. Nathaniel Adams, 49. April 21, Col. Thomas Davis, 48. May 7, Charles Starbuck, 54. August 7, Obed Rice, attorney at law, 41. August 31, Capt. Daniel Hudson, 73. September 1, Dr. Eli Burritt, 51. September 10, John Llayward, 33. September, John Wright, 50. September 26, Daniel W. Piatt, 22. November 12, Aaron Lane, 71. November 27, Samuel Vanderheyden, 24. December 25, Hon. Amasa Paine, 62. 1824 — January 4, Gilbert Giles, 44. January 15, Henry Stock- well, 44. February 28, George Arnold, M. D., 37. Sept. 4, Elia- kim Warren, 77. November 5, James Dole, 77. 1825 — May 29, Dr. John Willard, 66, June 10, Luke H. Thrall, in New York, 41. June 19, Cornelius Adriance, 45. August 1, Edward White, 31. August 11, John Truesdell, 57. 1826 — March 18, Richard Knowles, 47. April 8, Capt. Ebenezer Webb, 61. April 25, William Frazer, 74. September 18, Ephraim Morgan, 70. November 9, Randell Rice, 79. 1827 — February 21, Judge James Mallory, 44. June 1, Hazard Kimberly, 51. September 7, Thomas Clark, 75. 1828 — September n, Theodore French, of French & Hart, 34 1829 — January 26, Stephen Stearns, 67. April 19, Hon. Esaias Warren, 57. 1830 — March 28, Hon. Samuel McCoun, 58. May 9, Daniel Mer- ritt, in New York, 66. 183 1 — March 26, Col. Derick Lane, 74. December 7, Capt. Ben- jamin Mann, 93. 36O HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 1833 — February 28, Henry B. Dauchy, 37. April 30, Piatt Titus, 58. ' 1834 — August 13, Nathan Warren, 57. September 21, Townsend McCoun. September 24, James Ranken, 44. November 4, Benja- min Gilbert, 58. 1836 — February 25, William S. Parker, 60. 1837 — January 3, Dr. Moses Hale, 56.. May 2, Capt. Joseph Card, 77. November ro, Col. Albert Pawling, 88. 1838 — May 24, Nathan Bouton, 81. 1839 — January 20, Ebenezer Piatt, 64. July 21, Samuel Gale, 67. 1840 — August 11, Benjamin Pierce, 78. November 22, Matthias Van der Heyden, 52. 1841 — June 28, Hon. John D. Dickinson, 74. 1842 — April 10, Ananias Piatt, 80. May 10, Prof. Amos Eaton, 66. April 18, Garret G. Van Schaick, Albia, 83. July 11, Rev. David Butler, D. D., 80. 1843 — June 12, William Bradley, 76. August 11, Ebenezer Wilson, 67. December 27, Richard P. Hart, 65 . 1845 — April 8, Daniel Sackett, 58. 1846 — July 10, Ephraim Whitaker, 91. August 7, Stephen W. Dana, 60. 1847 — May 9, Stephen Warren, 65. 1848 — February 28, Hon. H. W. Strong, 38. June 27, Francis Yvonnett, at Galesburgh, Illinois, 82. September 16, Judge John P. Cushman, 64. 1849 — July 19, George Tibbits, 87. November 12, Captain Brooks. 1850 — May 7, LeGrand Cannon, 64. June 4, Frederick Bradley, 71. August 22, James M. Stevenson, Cambridge, 43. 185 1 — December 2, Henry Nazro, 65. 1852 — January 1, Dr. Simeon Z. Henry, 60. January 9, Josiah Bouton, 50. February 7, John Paine, 59. 1853 — April 4, Capt. Hiram H. Gillespie, 46. May 12, Capt. John Truesdell, 72. June 25, Hon. Henry Vail, 70. August 21, Jo- seph Daggett, 50. October 13, John Gary, Jr., 72. October 25, Waite Lowrey, 72. 1854 — January 8, Roger Townsend Gale, 73. June 15, Amatus Robbins, M. D., 64. July 5, Hon. Samuel G. Huntington, 71. August 13, Griffith P. Griffith, Brooklyn, 65. November 25, Dr. Charles Heimstreet, 43. December 31, Major Amos Salisbury, New ■York, 82. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 36 1 1855 — January 16, William H. Van Schoonhoven, 45. December 9, Philip Heartt, 88. 1856 — August 31, Enoch Davis, 43. 1857 — June 4, John Barrows, 93. June 5, Benjamin Hatch, 51. July 4, William L. Marcy, 71. December 6, Peter Fonda, 63. 1858 — February 12, Norman Tuttle, 72. February 16, Jesse An- thony, 66. February 27, James Vanderheyden, 78. March 26, Achille J. Rousseau, 62. December 2, Benjamin Marshall, 76. June 1, Judge John Woodworth, Albany, 90. 1859 — January 13, Capt. Levi Smith, New York, 55. February 20, Capt. Joseph N. Brintnall, Brooklyn, 44. March 26, Jacob L. Lane, 65. June 20, Col. Thomas Bussey, 59. December 5, Amos Allen, 73. December n, James A. Zander, 80. i860 — April 9, Hon. Job Pierson, 69. August 16, Hon. David Buel, Jr., 76. August 23, Nathan Dauchy, 88 1861 — February n, Henry D. Frear, 67. March 2, William Rob- erts, Jr., East Greenbush, 74. March 25, Orville Luther Holley, city surveyor, Albany, 69. April 28, John T. McCoun, 58. Decem- ber 3, Jonathan Richardson, 78. December 6, Gurdon Grant, 72. 1862 — March 5, Ezra Boughton, 79. May 24, William R. Yourt, 57. October 26, Samuel S. Dauchy, 42. 1863 — March 1, David Taylor, 84. March 11, Elias Pattison, Fishkill, 75. March 17, Valentine Marvin, 65. June 15, Judge Jacob Holmes, 6$. July 3, Arba Read, 45. September 13, Richard Bloss, M. D., 66. October 23, William Hall, 90. November 18, William C. Boardman, 68. 1864 — February 13, Rev. Peter Bullions, D. D., 73. February 27, Ex-Senator Volney Richmond, 60. March 14, Alsop Weed, 78. July 23, John Kerr, 62. October 9, Hon. John D. Willard, 64. October 15, Nathaniel Starbuck, 87. September 9, John Ranken, Albia, 54. 1865 — April 7, Jacob M. Vanderheyden, 71. April 10, George M. Selden, 69. July 20, Sylvester Norton, 81. September 9, James Van Schoonhoven, 84. October 26, James Young, 84. Hon. Archi- bald Bull, New York, 77. 1866 — January 6, Thomas W. Blatchford, M. D., 72. February 18, William Hopkins, 54. February 21, John D. W. Calder, 64. April 9, Thomas Clowes, 75. April 15, Joseph Brintnall, 94. May 14, Ebenezer Bell, 90. June 25, Hon. Gardner Stow, 78. June 27, Capt. Robert D. Silliman, 76. July 3, Joseph Gary, 78. July 21, 46 362 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Hon. James S. Thorn, city editor of the Times, 28. July 21, Abra- ham Fonda, associate editor of the Times, 50. December 17, Wil- liam Earl, 86. 1867 — January 20. Uriah Wallace, Brooklyn, 79. February 9, John Pattison, New York. May 14, William W. Whipple, 80. June 19, Abram Dyer, 67, June 24, Gen. George R. Davis, So. October 11, Hon. David L. Seymour, 6$. November 1, Hon. Isaac McConihe, L. L. D., 80. November 3, Nathaniel B. Starbuck, Island of St. Thomas, 50. December 9, Gardner W. Rand, 69. 1868 — March 31, Albert Danker, 69. June 22, Thomas C. Brins- made, M. D., 65. December 6, Hon. George Gould, 61. Dec. 10. Daniel Hall, 82. December 13, Philo P. Stewart, 70. December 16, George Dauchy, 69. December 24, Alexander Orr, 62. 1869 — January 23, Jesse Van Zile, 60. February 6, Lorenzo D. Baker, 63. April 20, Hon. Robert A. Lottridge, 63. August 30, James Kemp, 79. September 17, Townsend M. Vail, 67. Septem- ber 23, Franklin B. Hubbell, 45. Nov. 10, General John E. Wool, 86. December 17, Daniel Southwick, 85. 1870 — February 10, Israel R. Catlin, 59. March 14, Elam Con- verse, 80. April 2, Abram Nash, 87. April 15, Mrs. Emma Willard, 83. September 26, Philander Wells, 77. October 7, Martin Russell, 71. Oct. 22, Wm. F. Sage, Waterford. December 18, Henry I. Seymour, 46. 187 1 — January 18, Henry Burden, 80. January 20, Hon. Jere- miah Romeyn, 63. April 6, Elias Johnson, Spuyten Duyvel, 65. April 26, Alfred B. Nash, 62. June 15, John B. Kellogg, 45. July 27, Elijah Galusha, 67. August 8, N. S. S. Beman, D. D , 86. Oc- tober 21, Flugh Ranken, 56. November 4, Philander Ackley, 58. November 13, Thomas Sausse. 64. 1872 — May 5, Ralph Hawley, 66. June 10, Garret Van Schaick Quackenbush, 71. June 23. Charles P. Hartt, 54. July 3, Charles Veazie, 7S. July 12, Z. H. P. Hale, 74. August 8, George Vail, 88. October 31, John A. Griswold, 55. December 16, Joseph Wickes, 73. December 18, Jared G. Bacon, 67. 1873 — January 20, Stephen Covell, 88. February 12, Charles C. Clark, one of the editors of the Press, Hudson, 32. February 26, Harvey Betts, 82. March 9, Simeon A. Cook, M. D., 72. May 22, John T. Davy, 69. July 27, Nathaniel Bosworth, 82. Septem- ber 1, Starr Clark, 41. September 16, Philo Dauchy, 82. October 5, Stephen Viele, 66. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 3&3 1874 — January 2, Elias Ross, 77. March 4, Charles S. Heartt, 53. March 14, Edwin Brownell, 53. March 28, John T. Parker, 71. April, Henry Z. Hayner, New York, 72. April 30, Hon. Jonas Coe Heartt, 91. May 11, John L. Flagg, 39. May 26, Elias Dorlon, 72. June 6, Capt. John W Mackey, 80 November 15, Rev. Truman Seymour, 76. November 29, Pliny M. Corbin, 73. De- cember 17, Luther McCoy, 72. 1875 — January 11, Joseph W. Churchill, 77. January 13, Waters W. Whipple, 77. February 6, Titus Eddy, 71 March 4, George Tibbits, 50. March 9, Hannibal Green, 64. April 27, Hon. Jason C. Osgood, 72, April 27, Hanford N. Lockwood, 88. June 28, John A Ferriss, 64. July 19, C. L. Richards, 71. August 23, Hon. Jonathan Edwards, formerly mayor of the city, New Haven, Conn., 77. October 25, Benjamin F. Cragin, 62. November 1, Alonzo McConihe, 50. November 20, William H. Merriam, 43. Decem- ber 8, Paul Albertson. December 14, Capt. James Ostrander, 55. December 27, Stephen C. Dermott, 62. Edward Eddy, tragedian, West Indies, 54. 1876 — January 11, Silas K Stow, 73. March 25, Jared S. Weed, 68. April 17, Latham Cornell, 95. OPENING AND CLOSING OF NAVIGATION Of the Hudson River since 1789. Navigation Closed. Navigation Opened. March 23, 1789. February 3, 1790,... .March 27, 1790. December 8, 1790, ...March 17, 1791. December 8, 1791. December 12, 1792,! r March 6, 1793. December 26, 1793,- March 17, 1794. January 12, 1795. January 23, 1796. November 28, 1796. November 26, 1797. November 23, 1798. January 6, 1800. January 3, 1801. February 3, 1802. December 16, 1802. January 12, 1804, .April 6, 1804. December 13, 1804. January 9, 1806, February 20, 1806. December n, 1806, April 8, 1807. January 4, 1808. March 10, 1808. December 9, 1808. January 19, 1810. December 14, 1810. December 20, 181 1. December 21, 1812, March 2,1813. December 22, 1813. December 10, 1814. December 2, 1815. December 16, 1816, April 5, 1817. December 7, 1817, March 25, 1818. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 365 Navigation Closed. Navigation Opened. December 14, 1818, - April 3, 1819. December 13, 1819, .March 25, 1820. November 13, 1820,... March 15, 1821. December 13,1821, .March 15,1822. December 24, 1822, March 24, 1823. December 16, 1823, March 3, 1824. January 5, 1825,. ...March 6, 1825. December 13, 1825, February 26, 1826 December 24, 1826, March 20,1827. November 25, 1827, February 8, 1828. December 23, 1828, ....April 1, 1829. January n, 1830,.. .- March 15, 1830. December 23, 1830, ..March 15, 1831. December 5, 1831, March 25, 1832. December 21, 1832, March 21, 1833. December 13, 1833, February 24, 1834. December 15, 1834, March 25, 1835. November 30, 1835, April 4, 1836. December 7, 1836, March 28, 1837. December 13, 1837, March 19, 1838. November 25, 1838, March 21, 1839. December 18, 1839, ...February 21, 1840. December 5, 1840, March 24, 1841. December 19, 1841, February 4, 1842. November 29, 1842,. April 13, 1843. December 9, 1843,. March 14, 1844. December n, 1844, February 24, 1845. December 4, 1845, ..March 15, 1846. December 15, 1846, April 6, 1847. December 24, 1847, March 22, 1848. December 27, 1848, ..March 19, 1849. December 25, 1849,. March 9, 1850. December 17, 1850, February 25, 1851. December 13, 1851, March 28, 1852. December 22, 1852, March 21, 1853. December 20, 1853, March n, 1854. December 17, 1854, March 19, 1855. December 26, 1855, April 4, 1856. December 13, 1856, February 8, 1857. 366 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Navigation Closed. Navigation Opened. January 15, 1858,-.. ..March 18, 1858. December 18, 1858, March 11, 1859. December 10, 1859, March 2, i860. December 13, i860,.. March 4, 186 1. December 23, 1861, April 3, 1862. December 19, 1862, April 7, 1863. December 11, 1863, .March 11, 1864. December 12, 1864, March 17, 1865. December 19, 1865, March 20, 1866. December 15, 1866, March 29, 1867. December 9, 1867, March 20, 1868. December 9, 1868, March 15, 1869. December 6, 1869, .Boat ran every month, 1870. Boat ran every month, March 9, 187 1. November 29, 1871, April 3, 1872. December 10, 1872, April 11, 1873. December 23, 1873, March 19, 1874. December 14, 1874, April 13, 1875. November 30, 1875, April 4, 1876. OPENING AND CLOSING OF THE CANALS From 1824 to 1875 inclusive. Year. Opened. Closed. Year. Opened. Closed. 1824. .April 30, December 4. 185 I. -April 15, December 5. 1825. .April 12, December 5. 1852. .April 20, December 16, 1826. .April 20, December 18. 1853- .April 20, December 20. 1827. -April 23, December 18. 1854- .May 1, December 3. 1828. .March 27, December 20. lS55- .May 1, December 10, 1829. .May 2, December 17. 1856. -May 5, December 4. 183O. .April 20, December 17. lS57- .May 6, December 15, 183I. .April 16, December 1. 1858. .April 28, December 8. 1S32. .April 25, December 21. 1S59. -April 15, December 12, lS33- .April 10, December 12. i860. .April 25, December 12. l834- -April 17, December 12. l86l. .May 1, December 10. l83S- .April 15, November 30. 1862- -May 1, December 10. 1836. .April 25, November 26. 1863. .May 1, December 8. l837- .April 20, December 9. 1864. .April 30, December 8. 1838. .April 12, November 25. 1865. .May 1, December 12. 1839- -April 20, December 16. l866. .May 1, December 12. 184O. .April 20, December 3. 1867. .May 6, December 8. 1841. .April 26, November 29. l868. .April 23, December 5. 1842. .April 20, November 23. 1869. .May 1, December 1, l843- .May 1, December 1. 1870. .May 1, December 8, 1844. .April 18, November 26. 187I. -May 5, November 28. l845- .April 15, November 29. 1872. -May 13, December 5. 1846. .April 16, November 25. lS73- -May 15, November 25. 1847. -May 1, December 21. 1874- -May 5, December 5. 1848. -May 1, December 9. lS75- -May 18, December 10. 1849. .May 1, December 5. 1876. .May 4. 1850. .April 22, December 1 1. LIST OF STEAMBOATS On the Hudson R.ver, Plying Between Troy and New York, from 1807 to 1876 808 809 811 812 8i3 814 8i5 816 817 819 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 835 836 837 Built. Name and No. Tons. 807. Clermont, to Albany. North River, 165 tons, to Albany. Car of Neptune, 295, " Hope, 280; Perseverance, 280; Paragon, 331, to Albany. Fire Fly, first steamboat running from Troy to Albany. Richmond, 370. Fulton, 327. Olive Branch, 295. Chancellor Livingston, 526. Stoudinger. Henry Eckford. James Kent, 364. Hudson, 170. Sandusky, 289 ; Bristol ; Constitution, 276 ; Constellation, 276; Chief Justice Marshall, 300; Saratoga, 250. Sun, 280 ; Niagara; New London ; New Philadelphia, 300; Swiftsure ; Commerce. Albany, 298 ; North America, 497 ; Victory, 290. De Witt Clinton, 571. Ohio, 412. Novelty, 477. John Jay. Champlain, 471 ; Erie, 472. Helen, (Burden's Segar Boat.) Robert L. Stevens, 298 ; John Mason. Rochester, 491 ; Jonas C. Heartt ; Swallow, 426. James Fairlie ; Utica, 340 ;United States. Diamond, 398 ; Illinois. 839. Balloon, 204; North America, 491. HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 369 1840. South America, 640; Troy, 724. 1841. Columbia, 391 ; Rainbow, 230. 1842. Curtis Peck. 7843. Empire, 936 ; Knickerbocker, 858. 1844. Trojan, 280. 1845. Belle, 430; Express, 288; Niagara, 730; Rip Van Winkle, 510; Hendrick Hudson, n 70; Oregon, 1050. 1846. Thomas Powell, 739. 1847. Alida, 900. 1848. Isaac Newton, 1400 1851. Reindeer, 1000. 1852. Golden Gate, 201. 1854. Hero, 575. Francis Skiddy ; Commodore. 1866. Sunnyside. Connecticut ; Vanderbilt. 1876. City of Troy, 1500. 47 STATEMENT Of the Village and City Tax levied in Troy, from 1798 to 1875, inclusive. Year. 798. 799- 800. 801. 802. 803. 804. 805. 806. 807. 808. 809. 810. 811. 812. 8i3- 814. 815- 816. 817. 818. 819. 820. 821. 822. 823. 824. 825. 826. .No .No .No Tax. Year. Tax. $128 50 1827 $10,000 OO 225 OO 1828 l6,000 OO tax levied. 1829 12,000 00 577 5° l8 3° 9>°°° °° 350 00 1831 11,000 00 tax levied. 1832 15,000 00 310 00 i833__ 15,000 00 715 00 1834 22,000 80 2,463 00 1835 25,000 00 900 00 1836 29,148 00 1,000 00 1837 35,000 00 500 00 1838 35,000 00 1,000 00 1839 35,000 00 1,510 42 1840 35,000 00 1,212 45 1841 44,698 50 1,100 00 1842 86,100 00 1,200 00 1843 110,256 00 tax levied. 1844.. 108,150 00 4,500 00 1845 99,700 00 5,200 00 1846. 101,850 00 3,000 00 1847 92,877 49 3,500 00 1848 79,850 00 2,750 00 1849 88,500 00 4,750 00 1850 106,000 00 3,000 00 1851 115,981 00 5,500 00 1852 I3M77 45 6,000 00 1853 121,924 00 7,000 00 1854 i35>3° 8 00 7,000 00 1855 I53-3 66 2 7 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 371 Year. Tax. Year. Tax. 1856 $i49>47° 77 1866 $360,574 9 6 1857 i5 2 >i 6 4 77 1867 360,465 5° 1858 155,028 18 1868 321,562 50 1859. 147,648 00 1869 397,189 18 i860 142,507 90 1870 581,789 50 1861 143*856 65 1871 692,405 14 1862 144,413 69 1872 460,870 00 1863 i56,9 J 5 60 1873 5 J 5» 220 °° * 1864 433>6o9 75 t8 74 575>8oi 25 1865 408.907 13 1875 5i9>555 19 A TABLE Of the valuation of Real and Personal Property of the city of Troy, from 1825 to 1875. inclusive. Year. Real Estate. Personal. Total Valuation. 1825 $1,362,481 $1,780,662 $3,143,143 1826 i,557>5 10 1,852,168 3,409,678 1827 1,653,353 1,765,084 3,418,437 1828 1,861,448 1,748,299 3,609,747 1829 1,867,471 1,687,158 3,554,629 1830 1,949,009 1,908,784 3, 8 57,793 1831 2,021,702 2,103,055 4,124,757 1832. 2,075,113 2,146,490 4,221,603 1833 2,279,526 2,169,360 4,448,886 1834 2,343,618 2,156,775 4,500,393 1835 2,551,047 2,328,194 4,879,241 1836. 3,029,256 2,511,528 5,540,784 1837 2,974,334 2,246,244 5,220,57s 1838 3,238,627 2,257,642 5,496,269 1839 3,3 J 7,477 2,214,916 5>53 2 ,393 1840.. 3,374,205 2,198,762 5,572,967 1841 3,570,283 3,024,912 6,595,195 1842 3,647,586 2,900,427 6,548.013 1843 3,526,549 2,960,248 6,486,797 1844- 3,719,779 2,720,836 6,440,615 1845- 3,837,997 2,938,326 6,776,323 1846- 3,989,635 2,949,669 6,939,304 1847 4,201,942 3,160,352 7,362,294 1848- 4,542,136 3,156,852 7,698,988 1849- 4,627,704 3,170,830 7,798,534 1850 4,828,405 3,143,981 7,972,386 1851 8,347,861 4,263,926 12,611,787 1852 9,933,366 4,119,180 14,052,546 1853- 10,103,090 4,82.2,455 14,925,545 1854- 9,210,755 4,769,028 13,979,783 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 373 Year. Real Estate. Personal. Total Valuation. i855- $9»i338S3 %,i73>8i2 $14,307,665 1856 8,545,720 5.052,588 13,598,308 1857 _\ 8,207,270 5,089,859 13,297,129 1858 7,919,520 4,899,675 22,819,195 1S59 7,937,575 4»9iS>7 I S 12,853,290 i860 8,065,305 4,936,310 13,001,615 1861 8,162,500 4,917,180 13,079,680 1862 8,028,989 4,838,089 12,867,078 1863 8,736,302 5, 2 37.333 i3>973, 6 35 1864... 8,978,124 5,633,144 14,611,268 1865 9,171,505 3,195,283 12,366,788 1866 9,271,445 5,438,636 14,710,081 1867 9,5 I 3,°37 3,5 6 7,i63 13,082,200 1868 9,705,830 4,793,598 14,499,428 1869 io,535,585 5. 6 49.59 r 16,184,176 1870- 10,654,413 5.363,465 16,017,878 1871-- 10,855,303 5,045,104 15,900,407 l8 7 2 11,130,573 4,238,786 15,369,359 1873 11,285,263 3,878,660 15,163,923 1874 11,608,290 3.833,555 i5.44i,845 l8 75 n,734,36o 3,836,000 15=579.355 A TABLE Showing the rate of the City, State and County Taxes in the City of Troy, on $100 valuation, in each year, from 1825 to 1875, inclu- sive. Year. A*% 0{ n Stsk l ea iS d Total Rate. City Tax. County Tax. *.««••«•»•«, 1825 $0 24 $0 23 $0 47 1826 __ 21 20 41 1827 33 22 55 1828 47 26 73 1829 37 27 64 ^3° 25 34 59 1831.-. 28 43 71 1832 38 33 71 1833 " 3 6 44 80 1834 5 2 33 85 1835 52 38 90 1836 47 33 80 1837 7° 4i 1 11 1838 66 39 1 05 1839 - -- 65 36 1 01 1840 - - 65 35 1 00 1841 67 33 1 00 1842 1 30 42 i 72 1843--- 1 75 39 2 14 1844... 1 75 41 2 16 1845 - 1 55 35 1 9° 1846 1 S3 33 1 86 1847 _ 1 32 36 1 68 1848 _ i 10 50 1 60 1849 1 21 49 i 70 1850 - 1 38 51 1 89 l8 5 r 99 33 1 32 1852 _ 1 16 42 1 58 l8 53 99 42 1 41 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 375 Year. l854- 1855- 1856. l857- 1858. 1859. i860. l86l. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866. 1867. 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. l873- 1874. 1875- Rate of State and City Tax. County Tax. Total Rate. I 09 45 I 54 I 18 61 I 79 I 16 60 I 76 I 18 60 I 78 I 28 65 I 93 I 20 59 I 79 I 14 88 2 02 I 15 79 I 94 I 18 ] [ 02 2 20 I 19 ] 1 45 2 64 3 04 3 t 66 4 70 3 4° J 93 5 33 2 53 ' 72 4 24 2 60 ] 86 T 5 o 4 46fV 2 22 ] 53ttt 3 75t 3 o 3 68 ] 55to" 5 zStV 3 6 4 J 1 58 5 22 4 43 To 3 1 4°r 7 + N fO t^ C\ ■+ mOO m 00 Os r^vo 00 00 "t N lOlO N so r^oo O *»■ in ^ in cj co cO^-cocO'*i-cO''^-''3"M d co •^- N hi -^-vo CO SO inCO co N coso co co co n co inoo •«*■ *^ -^c co «>. t--co co coco Os t^- Os cq ^i- o t-^- inco co O Os COM N M M COM fO fO h coco^"CS o S3 o w OsO>-ii-iOsOcomOOr-~ ON N M O ■+ H 00 msQ O O M-^" NCOMCOHIINHItJ- t-~so Oi^inO O OCO N OsCO r^ Cs r^M coo Os^-^-inOSHiso m ^}-cm hi cocoiocohi hi o cj ^j- rf- N co o cq os m t~-oo m in s o h in iO h o t-- ^t" CO lOSO CO M >t l-i *^t" m CO lO M CO CO MM t^.M hi t^O OinO Osso m co N hi t^H rf00 N NSO HI ION OMO ',''0 HIMNMMNHINini-ll-lNNTJ- o H O o M (SI CO 00 m O O O M^O O N f)lONlf)N O "+ O OS ^|- M rj- p-l N M in ^f CO -^ i-i ^ n o co io io in m io to 't iow h ij •^j-i^^t-CO CsO O OCOSO ^■Csrf'^- CSMCO hi-^-COONCO coso rj- M H W CO O r^- r— ci m n f-^O CMn h C\N Cs Cs hi Ot^ioCi CssO cO'Tf-t-^wocoNCOHi >-i lOCsw o O O OinOt^ OSSO CO 00 i in in O hi Csco h toion c\N O O HI P) C) -TfM M HI Tj-CO^-N MlnM d tJ-oo tJ- w in hi m o co O i^so -io Ncocoio>-iNhihicO' , 3-cohi P^ Ph o p-1 o w > n co intON co cooo ^- O co SOC-ll-iNOsCSHiOClHtCS 't'tiOfOfOtOurtfON hi O osoo os o in O O n i so inco so inniCSM'^-Tj-vOHiO icon Osso in m h m ci m co ^so ' so hi in "3 - m tJ- inoo coco co M r-- co Os t^-SO N ^ N OSN M0000SO r-~ co t)- coco (O fO ro N imOOco NOiNO C\NtOuitO i o \o i" fO •^ HI Tt-NMiSO'^-lnM 2 NOOOsoOi^-NNNiou-jrooOOOOioOHioO i t-* n in r- -t m CO so Osso inOsOsCMCst--OOsrocMOOCOOin iWCOsoso NinHirf MrJ-M -f-HIHIHlNNHIINHIIN M w so r--00 OiO m n roi 1 inso N M N CI ro co CO CO co co CO •oooocococooocococococo t^ Os O hi o co rf inso r^CO Cs O hi coco-1--+'i--t--! — f -1- •+ •+ -1- in m cooooocooococooococooococooo HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 381 n c £ [!,•- * n c -° c Onno cm to CO M N M ON HH IH ON ih CO !">. N Tf- CM t^ in N co m r— m O CO NO NO NHO0 f) fC fO to -> inCO N HH l-i. M I'tOlONO •%!• O CNts H ^t tO 't 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CO tO^t H NNOO >-< >-< CN ON OO 'tcorototo^-Tl-^-'ttotOtOro cj 00 co no N 1-1 N co O t-« t~» *■» O m rf r^co no r-> rONO in O CO CM CO CM Hi IH O CM CO NO >-> On tONO t tQH ■sf -sf tJ-nO O CO to "*■ O mnonOGOhhOCOcn hhhh^J-hhhhmcO >-< O ON CO O O fOtO rj- CO CM CO 10 "tf* ONCO ^J" N CM n On O ^J-NO t^ tO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 hh torotON ^- NM N't 1 1 ^CO CM "t NirjiOiO O NO NO On NO On l-OCO M NMtiN U") CO CM CM hh t^- HH CM CM CO CM CM H U O •^- t^ O m Ti- ro CO CM CM -1- CN O HH O CM ■"*■ O CM ih co hh cm cm CM is hh to CO HI CM fO CO CN 00 CO CO CONO CO NO N N CO HH O CO O N r>cO t-^NO ^ - cn u-jCO CO CONO in r» 't CO H COM 04 » O NO CMO 't If) N M CO CN N CO 'rj- CM "3- CN COCO M NO ON hh !>. lO CO ON inNO NO N Tf r. t^oo CM CO t-> in CNCO N Nr« ncoh inco -^j- cm -vt > On rtOO >-i i~- in f) f) N CM -1- 4 >t H ON M rh IO 1DM3 NO cm »n N 1T)M ON tOCN N O O O CO 1-1 CO O CM ^-st-M-t^iH to fO hh inCNtH rj-O NtoO "t tO >0 CO r^ O O HH IH PONO -i inNO n >-t co ^t - <-> n n 2 0- On m co CM 1-OCO •* toin CM hh NO CO CO CO CO COCO CM t-» m CO CONO co to m CO conO CO '<*■ NNOcmco*hsOhhhh"^-nh-i OCNNNOHHONrs.O N t>. r« rf ^-CO ON co t» COCOCM CM CM >-l M ION CO O ON CM N CM Cn CM in hh ON voCO Is CM O NO On COO r» HH HH CM CM to CO ^H- O ^CO O »O00 O 't tO^J-M NO NO HH on in O inNO NO now inco tsNO co ^f CM CM CO to to N to h CO 03 W fa H 10"1 ih to M NO IH COCO CO "^- hh r^ CM t-^NO ONNO NO O Hh hH HH HH CM CM HH NO NO O LOCO ON I-« M HH HH HHNOOOCO '^•Tt'HHNO lO ONCO to O NO N ^ r^.sO >-< COinHHHHCMCOHH < 1—1 rj- cm NO IOH , IT) ONNO M tO ^ H N H CM COCNN OM NNO HH •^t" CO ON "vfNO NtOOlN N tOtO't H (OtON CO HH >- mioio 00 co co 10O l~—CO On O ih n l-O LO U-) U-) IONO NO NO cocococooocococo 1 1 1 1 CO "vf u->NO NO NO NO NO 00 co co co t~.CO 0.0 HH CM CO 't IT. NONONO N N N N N N COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO INDEX. Abbott, Jonas, 47 Academy, Troy, 344 Adams, Elijah, 31 Adams Island, 17 Adams, James, 131 Adams, Nathaniel, 44, 85, 107 Adams, Rev. Parker, 104 Adancourt, Francis, 106 Adelphi, Troy, 218 Adriance, George C, 49 Adriaens, Pietcr, 11 Ager, Joseph W. 185 Akin, M. D., Washington, 244, 250 Akin, Thomas, 44 Albany County, IO, 29 Albany, 21, 42, 86, 267 Albany Iron Works, 162, 261, 262, Albany and Rensselaer Iron and Steel Works, 261 Albertson, John P. 206, 209, 297, 324 Alden, Alonzo, 245, 302 Aldermen of Troy, 281-296 Alexander, Edward B., 256 Alexander, Joseph, 54 Allen, Captain Benjamin, 23 Allen, David, 308 Allen, George, 44, 109 Allen, J. H., 245 Allotment, Middle, 31 Allotment, Northern, 31 Allotment, Southern, 31 Anderson, Elbert, Jr. 91 Andreas, Stephen, 71 Anthony, Asa, 31, 50, 66, 1*8 Anthony, Jesse, 174 Anthony, Jesse B. 257 Anthony, John, 223 Anthony, Michael, 24 Anthony, Zephaniah, 31 Annexation of Troy and Lansingburgh, 218, 253 Apollo Lodge, 46, 47, 135, 158, 337 Arba Read Steam Fire Engine Co., 223 Armstrong, Ethan, 205 Armstrong, Robert, 18 Armstrong, S. C. 244 Armitage, Captain J. W., 231, 232 Arnold, Anson, 167, 179 Arnold, II. 106 Arts, John, 232 Ashley, Captain Stephen, 22, 25, 31 Ashley's Ferry, 24, 25 Ashley's Tavern, 28, 30, 45, 46, 50, 51 Assemblymen, 303-306 Association, Building, 206 Troy Dramatic Building, 218 General Relief, 231 Troy Masonic Hall, 257 Troy Scientific, 267 Troy Young Men's, 170, 266, 353, 355 Assessors, 29, 273-274 Duties of, 54 Atkins, Stephen, 44 Attorneys, 30, 199, 266, 324 District, 309 Atwood, Cole & Crane, 199 Averill, Horatio, 19I Ayres, John, 154 Babcock, George, 223, 231, 257 Bacon, Joseph, 47 Bacon, Phineas, 18 Baker, Ebenezer, 18 Baker, John, 44 Baker, Elisha, 47 Baker, Lorenzo, 171 Baldwin, D. D., Rev. George C, 174, 193, 208, 219, 315, 318 Ball, John, 171 Ball, John P. 222 Ball, L. Chandler, 244 Bancker, Flores, 23 Bancroft, Rev. George C. 317 Banks, 101 Bank of Troy, 90, 250 Central National, 209, 321 Commercial, 186 Farmers', 69, 131, 149, 250 First National, 249, 322 Market, 21 1, 321 Manufacturers' National, 210, 321 Merchants & Mechanics', 159, 321 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 3&3 Banks — continued. Mutual National, 200, 321 National Exchange, 322 National State, 209, 321 Red Dog, 186 Troy City National, 167, 321 Troy Savings, 131, 199, 258, 321 Union National, 208, 220, 321 United National, 250, 322 Barber, Bela, 131 Barber, James, 17, 18 Barber, John, 1 8 Barlow, Rev. Joseph L. 244 Barott, Andreas, 18 Barney, Daniel, 49 Barney, John, 44, 135 Barrows, John, 31, 39 Barton, Ebenezer C. 179 Barton, Robert, 77 Barton, "William, 208, 218, 223, 227 Bates, Rev. Merritt, 195 Battershall, L. A. 208, 219, 220 Battin, Joseph, 196 Battler, Solomon, 18 Bayeaux, Captain H. F. 123 Beach, Miles, 227, 251, 279 Beach, William A. 212, 266 Beck, Prof. L. C, 147 Beck, T. Romeyn. 147 Becker, Lawrence L. 223 Bedell, Rev. William, 317, 319 Behan, Christopher, 296 Bell, Independence Hall, 260 Bells, Fire Alarm, 21 1 Bells, Troy, 264, 330 Beman, D D., LL. D., Rev. N. S. S., 127, 154, 156, 172, 208, 224, 318 Benedict, M. D., H. E., 244 Benedict, Le Grand, 232 Benham, Jesse, 31 Bennett, Fellows & Co., 264 Bennett, Lyman, 174, 208, 220, 249 Bennet, Samuel, 18 Benson, D. P. 245 Benson, Joseph, 18 Bessemer Steel, manufacture of, 262 Betts, Benjamin, 71 Betts, James, 31 Betts, Nathan, 97 Betts, Thomas, 77 Bible Society, Rensselaer Co., 104, 350 Bigelow, E. 108 Bigelow, Thaddeus B. 164, 167, 170, 191 Bills, Alfonzo, 204, 250 Bingham, Anson, 212 Bird, John, 31, 46, 47, 50, 73, 266 Bishop, Jacob, 31, 156 Blair, George T. 302, 308 Blatchford, Rev. Samuel, 28, 104, 147 Bliss, Mrs. Charlotte, 72 Bliss, William M., 49, 81, 27 Bloss, R. D., 232 Boardman, John, 25 Boats, Paper, 251 Boies, James, 49 Boght, the, 26 Bompis, Reuben, 18 Bontecou, M. D., Reed B. 232 Bosworth, Foster, 279, 302 Boughton, Josiah, 185, 186 Bourke, Rev. Wm. J. 317, 319 Boutelle, G. TT . 246, 249 Bouttell, Jedediah, 44 Bouton, Josiah, 205 Bouton, Nathan, 156 Bowen, Rev. J. E. 317, 319 Boyd, George, 18 Boyd, William, 18 Boyle, Charles, 49 Bradley, William, 69, 70, 91, 107, 121, 131. 156 Bradt, Daniel B., 29 Bradstreet, Samuel, 49 Brainerd, W. H. H., 250 Bread Bakers, III Breck, D. H. 44 Breuster, Benjamin, 18 Breuster, Samuel, 18 Brewer, James M. 297 Breweries, 163 Brewster, Henry, 49 Brick making, 13 Bridge, Albany, 97 R. & S. R. R., 177, 211 Troy Company, 75 Troy & West Troy, 258 Brinckerhoff, Mead & Co., Isaac, 102 Brinckerhoff, William, 173 Brintnall, Joseph, 44, 75 76, 77 Brintnall, Lemuel, 174 Brinsmade, M. D., Thomas C. 171, 231, 266 Briggs, Amos, 207 Britton, John G., 206 Brooks, Israel, 18 Brooks, John W. 199 Broughton, Stephen, 186 Brower, Abraham, 166 Brown, Alfred, 49 Brown, David, 29 Brown & Fields, 265 Brown, Jonathan, 29, 36, 54, 69 Brown, Justus, 18 Brown, Nehemiah, T54 Brown, Rev. Stephen D. 217 Brownell, Frank E., 233 Bryans, Richard S. 186 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 384 Brush Factory, 163 Brush, John, 135 Buchanan, A. Jr., 24^ Buckingham, Gideon, 154 Buckley, Thomas, 251 Budget, Northern, 53, 333 Buel, Clarence, 230, 234, 245, 280 Buel, David, 49, 54, 56. 73, 160, 297, 302 Buel, David, Jr. 99, 104, 114, 126, 131, 142 156, 160, 179, 196, 208, 307 Buel, James, 210 Building Association, 206 Buildings, Value of, 251 Bull, Archibald, 81, 307 Bull, Capt. A. 123 Bull's Head Tavern, 97, 136 Bullions, Rev. Peter, D. D., 173 Burden, Henry, 166, 167, 176, 252, 262 Burden, I. Townsend, 263 Burden Iron Works, 262 Burden, James A. 263 Burden, William F., 251, 263 Burdett, George C. 297 Burgoyne, General, 17, 18 Burns, Daniel, 296 Burns, Joseph, 296 Burns, Samuel, 18 Burr, Jonathan, 90, 100 Burritt, M. D., Ely, 81, 104, 114, 120 Burrows, S. 170 Bush, Calvin, 244 Bush, James C. 244 Bushnell, C. S., 234 Butler, Rev. David, D. D., 58, 72, 73. 74, 155. 156 Byly, John, 18 Cadvvell, Lorenzo, 171 , Caffry, John, 232 Caird, Rev. James, 315, 319 Caldwell, James, 27 Camp, M. D., N. H. 246 Campbell, Henry, 18 Canals, 39 Erie, 105, 132, 152, 178, 205, 268 Champlain, 152, 205, 268 Opening and closing of, 367 Cannon & Co., Le Grand, 199, 261 Cannon, Le Grand, 160, 166, 19I, 2IO Caraseau, John, 172 Carden, P., 244 Carner, John, 18 Carnell, Benjamin, 49 Carpenter, Daniel, 31 Carpenter, John, 49, 54 Carr Joseph B., 232 Carr, Willliam, 18 Carriage Factories, 163 Carroll, Thomas B., 206, 219, 279 Carter, Edward, 296 Cary, D. J„ 245 Cassidy, Michael, 232 Catlin, I. R„ 170 Catlin, Pope, 205 Catlin, M. D., R. F. 246 Cathcart & Co., Andrew, 31 Cavalry, Griswold, 249 Harris, 234 Cemetery, Oakwood, 208 Census of Troy, 313 Chamberlains of Troy, 297 Chamberlin, Frank, 244 Chapin, Edward, 223 Chapman, Josiah, 76, 77 Chase, Rev. Philander, 72 Cheever, Major S. 122 Chichester, Rev. Elijah, 71 Chichester, Jeremiah, 159, 164 Chief Justice Marshall, The 150, 160 Childs, Leander, 77 Chollar & Jones, I99 Christie, George, 204 Christie, John S., 210 Christie, Robert, 123, 179 Christmas, 63 Churches, 80, 195, 196, 199, 230, 314 Bethel, 172 Christ Church, 185, I95, 314, 315, 318 Church of Christ, 316, 317, 320 Church of the Holy Cross, I93, 195, 196, 230, 314, 315, 319 Congregational, 172, 195 Congress St. M. E., 204, 316, 317, 319 Disciples, 185, 196 Dutch Reformed, 195 Free Church of the Ascension, 253, 314, 315. 319 First Prcsbyteran, 31, 32, 43, 45, 47) 50. 65, 72, 88, 96, 104, 156, 174, 195, 224, 230, 314, 315, 318 First Baptist, 43, 1 12, 155, 193, 196, . 230, 314, 315, 318 First Unitarian, 198, 258, 316, 317, 320 German M. E., 316, 317, 319 German Lutheran, 316, 317 Jewish, 249, 316, 317, 320 Levings' Chapel M. E. 316, 317, 319 Liberty St. Presbyterian, 172, 195, 247, 314. 315. 3i3 Methodist Episcopal, 71 Ninth Presbyterian, 314, 315, 318 North Baptist, 190, 196, 210, 224, 230, 314, 315 3i8 North Second St. M. E„ 174, 196, 217, 3i6, 317, 319 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 335 Churches — continued. Oakwood Presbyterian, 314, 315, 3i8 Park Presbyterian, 217, 230, 314, 315, 3i3 Second Baptist, 174, 196, 314, 315, 318 Second Presbyterian, 154, 157, 165, 195. 314, 315. 3i8 Second Street Presbyterian, 1C6, 195. 3M. 315, 3i8 South Troy Baptist, 314, 318 St. Francis, Roman Catholic, 316, 317. 319 St. Jean Baptiste, Roman Catholic, 252, 316, 317, 319 St. John's, Episcopal, 160, 196, 216, 218, 230, 314, 315, 318 St. Joseph's, Roman Catholic, 316, 317, 319 St. Lawrence, Roman Catholic, 316, 317, 319 St. Luke's, Episcopal, 314, 315, 319 St. Mary's, Roman Catholic, 189, 196, 230,316, 317, 319 St. Michael's, Roman Catholic, 316, 317, 320, St. Patrick's, Roman Catholic, 316, 317. 319 St. Paul's, Episcopal, 65, 72, 155, 160, 165, 195, 230, 314, 315, 318 St. Paul's Free Chapel, Episcopal, 314, 315, 319 St. Peter's, Roman Catholic, 157, I9 6 . 3i6. 317. 319 State Street M. E., 157, 196, 316, 317. 319 Third Presbyterian, 164, 314, 315, 318 Third St. M. E., 316, 317 True Wesleyan Methodist, 196 Westminster Presbyterian, 314, 315, 3 18 . Woodside Presbyterian, 252, 314, 315,318 United Presbyterian, 173, 314, 315, 3i8 Universalist, 131, 174, 316, 317, 320 Vail Avenue Baptist, 314, 315, 318 Vail Avenue M. E., 316, 317 Zion Methodist, 187, 196, 316, 317, 319. Church Furniture, 64, 65. Churchill, George, 296 Churchill, Lee, 232 City Hall, 258 Officers, 279 of Troy, 259 Citizens' Steamboat Company, 259 Clark, John, 17, IS Clark, Nathan, 44 Clark, Otis G. I90, 249 Clarke, Asalph, 164 Clay, Hon. Henry, 167, 204 Cleaver, Rev. Joseph Bradford, 317, 320 Cleminshaw, Charles, 257, 349 Cleminshaw, Edwin, 174 Clerks, City, 298 County, 29, 310 Town, 30 Office, County, 29, 54, 90 Village, 272 Clergymen, 199, 266, 318 Clermont, The 83 Clinton, De Witt, 106, 116, 125 Clock, Town, 136 Close, Eliphalet W. 54 Close, John T., 90, 100 Clowes, Thomas, 280, 302, 308 Coaches Manufactured, 1S6 Coe, Mrs. Eliza H. 72 Coe, Rev. Jonas, D. D., 31, 32, 45, 47, 50, 56, 57. 58, 65, 72, 73, 88, 104, 126 Coeymans, Barent Pieterse, II, 12 Coeymans, Lucas Pieterse, II, 12 Cohoes Falls, 10 Coin, Spanish, 33 Coit, Charles T. 205 Colamore, Samuel, 30 Colby, Augustus, 232 Colehammer, Andrew, 18 Coleman & Rodgers, 192 Coleman, Thomas, 170, 249 Coleman, W. B. 245 Collar and Cuff Business, 264, 330 Collectors, Village, 272 College, St. Peter's, 221 Collier, Thomas, 71 Collins, Job, 77 Collins, William, 44 Collyer, John A. 82 Columbia County, 10 Colvin, James A. 245 Comiskey, David, 244 Comptrollers of Troy, 297 Company, Albany & Rensselaer Iron & Steel, 261 Troy & West Troy Bridge, 258 Troy Gas Light, 196 Concklin, William, 17 Conners, Patrick, 245 Connor, R. D. 245 Conrad, Frederick, 18 Constables, 29 Converse, Lieut. Alex. B. 123 Converse, John, 96, 162, 163 Cook, James, 166 Cook, Mrs. Philena, 39 49 3 86 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Cook, Stephen, 44 Coon, Hiram, execution of, 251 Coons, Peter, 18 Cooper, William, 18 Coopering establishments, Chichester's 163 Cooper, M. D., William S. 244, 250 Corbin, Pliny M. 208 Corey, John, 156 Cornell, D. E. 244 Cornell, Ezra, 199 Cornell, Latham, 164 Corning, Erastus, Sr. 252, 25l Corning, Erastus, Jr. 262 Corning, Gurdon, 99, 106, 109, 121, 126, 136, 279 Corning & Co., G. 102, 118 Corning, Winslow & Co., 234 Coroners, 29 County Court, 29, 30 Officers, 307, 312 Court House, 36, 37, 54, 157 Court House bell, 66 Covell, Benjamin, 22, 23, 31, 34, 35, 40, 59 Covell, Silas, 22, 43 Cowee, David, 220, 223 Cox, David B. 208 Cox, William, 253 Craft, Hart & Pitcher, 153 Craft, Moses, 79 Cragin, Benjamin F. 257 Cramer, George H. 250, 251 Cramer, John go, 100, 147, 106 Crandall E. A. 223 Crandall Levin, 244 Crannel, Isaac, 18 Crannel William, 18 Craver John. 18 Cross, George, 205 Cross, James A. 232, 246 Crossen, Asa, 25 Crowns, English, 35 Cruikshank, Robert, 173 Curtis, Caleb, 71 Curtiss, Daniel, Jr., 48 dishing, A. D. 167 Cushman, John P. 81, 106, 136, 159, 166, 191, 280 Customs of the People, 58 Dalaby, James, 114 Dam, Stale, 132 Dana, Stephen W. 159, 186, 191 Darling, Ebenezer, 29 Dater, Jacob, 97, 164 Dater, Philip, 97 Dater & McMurray, 163 Dauchy, Charles, 196 Dauchy, IT. B. 3.49 Dauchy, Jeremiah, 90, 126, 154 Dauchy, Nathan, 100, 107, 156, 164 Dauchy, Samuel, 186 Dauchy, S. S. 223 Dauchy, S. W. 223 Dauchy & Smith, 102 Davis, George R. 117, 123, 167, 179, 302, 307 Davis, Jonathan, 31, 66 Davis, Lemuel II. 196 Davis, Richard, Jr. 90 Davis, Thomas, 49, 50, 53, 73, 85, 88, 118, 120 Dean, Amos, 171 Deaths, dates of, 358 Debtors imprisoned, 77 De Camp, Henry, 32 De Camp, John, 32 Deer, 9 DeForest, Abel, 44 Deforest, David, ioS De Forest, William, 44 De Freest, Charles R., 298 De Friest, David, 29 De Hooges, Anthony, 11 De Laet, Madame Johanna, 1 1 Demers, George W. 230 Deming, C. 170 Dennis, Aaron C. 164 Depot, Union, 210, 223 Derrick, S. Nelson. 349 De Witt, Rev. A. 315, 318 De Witt, Simeon, 147 Dickens, John, 31 Dickinson, Benjamin, 44 Dickinson, John D. 30, 31, 69, 70, 100, 101, 102, 106, 114, 136, 147, 152, 167 Dimond, William, 244 Directory, Troy, 159, 332 District Attorneys, 309 Disturnell, John, 159 Docks, extension of, 208 Dody, Joseph, 18 Dole, Captain Sidney, 100, 102, 103, 104 Dole, James, 31, 47, 49 Doolittle, M. D., Daniel, 81 Door numbers, 159 Dongan, Governor Thomas, 12 Dorion, E. P. 167 Dorlon, E. & W. 192 Dorset, Lawrence, 30, 31 Dow, Lorenzo, 71. Doughty, W. II. 251 Doughty, S. G. 205 Douglas, Jno. 17 Douglass, Alanson, 82, 90, loo, 131, 159, 3o8 Douglass. Hon. Stephen A., 227 Douglass, William. 18 FTISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 387 Douglass, William D., 29 Dougrey, James, 164 Draft, the, 247, 249 Drake, F. 223 Dress, 58, 59 Drew, Daniel, 220 Driscoll, Rev. Michael 317, 320 Dunbarr, John, 18 Dunbarr, Robert, 18 Dunn, Daniel, 296 Dupin, D. Latour, 44 Durfee, Z. S. 262 Durham, Isaiah, 18 Duryea, Rev. J. T. 233 Dusenberry, Charles E. 249 Dutch Republic, IO Dutch words, 67 Dwellings, 60 Easter, 63 Eaton, Prof. Amos, 114, 115, 117, 147, 171 Eaton & Gilbert, 186, 210, 234 Eaton, Bingham L. 171 Eaton, E. O. 227, 250 Eaton, Orsamus, 163 Eaton, Rev. J. W. 245 Eaton, Thomas B. 245 Ebbink, Jeronimus, 1 1 Eberson, Rev. B. 317, 320 Eddy, Charles, 249 Eddy, Henry T. 170, 171 Eddy, Rev. Clarence 315, 318 Edgerton, Sheldon & Osborn, 213 Edson, O. W. 264 Edwards, A. F. 206 Edwards, Jonathan, 279 Eggleston. Zina P. 174 Egolf, Joseph, 246 Eldrdge, M. D., Hezekiah, 81 Eldridge, Stephen, 154 Ellicott, Joseph, 106 Elliott, A. B. 336 Ellis, D. N. 223 Ellis, Lyman, 49 Ellis, Marvel, 47, 49 Ells, John L. 206 Ellsworth, Capt. Elmer E., 217, 233 Elmendorf, Peter E., 30 Emigrants, 19 Emigration, 50, 204 Enos Jo eph 135 Entertainments, 39, 78, 158 Ericsson, John, 234 Esmond, F. S. 244 Evans, Samuel, 18 Executions, 173. 197, 203, 251 Express Companies, 187 Factory, Albany Nail, 162 Spike, 162 Troy Cotton and Woolen. 162 Factory — continued. Troy Iron and Nail, 162 Troy Woolen, 162 Failures, commercial, 184 Farmers, Early Dutch, 15 Farmers' Oracle, 184 Farnam, F. W. 253 Farr, Rev. A. A. 204 Farrar, Rev. H. C. 317, 319 Fassett, John V. 179 Fassett & Selden, 148 Fassit, Jonathan, 44 Flax, 9, 15 Frats, Casper, 24, 31 Frazer, John, 18 Frazer, Samuel, 18 Frazer. William, 28, 29, 67 Feller, Philip, 44 Fellows, Abraham, 171 Fellows, Captain, 31 Fellows, Jacob, 18 Fellows, John P. 102, 107 Fenian Company, 250 Fenian Congress, 250 Ferguson, D. 245 Ferguson, Rev. S. D. 174 Ferry, 13, 22, 25. 53, 116 Ferry boat, horse, 116 Ferry boat Upset, 217 Ferry Hook, 22, 26 Ferry house, 13 Filer, Zephaniah, 44, 56, 121 Files, 329 Fine, John S., 18 Fink, E. 244 Finney, Rev. Charles G. 156 Fire of 1820, 117 Fire of 1848. 200 Fire of 1852, 210 Fire of 1854, 212 Fire of 1862, 235 Fire Companies and Engines, 50, 51, 7 J i 90. 164, 232, 267, 299 Fires and alarms, 52, 66, 83, no, 122 Fire Engineers, 278, 301 Fire Wardens, 275, 276, 277 Fireplace, great kitchen, 15 Fish. 9. 66, 96, 113, 152 Fisher Nicholas, 18 Fisk, Cowee & Co., 118 Fitch, Andrew, 164 Fitzgerald, Anthony, 296 Fitzpatnck, S. J., Rev. John, 317 Fitzsimmons, Charles, 249 Flagg, John 231 Flagg. John L. 258, 279 Flagg, Melzar, 160 Flint, Luther A. 296 Flouring Mills. 163 \88 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Follet, John, iS Fonda, James R. 218, 302 Fonda, Nicholas, 30 Foote, Ebenezer, 81 Foote, Hon. H. S., 227 Forman, Mrs. Hannah, 72 Forsyth, James, 210 Forsyth, Nelson, 220 Fort George, 16 Fort, Jacob A. 54, 104 Fort Orange, 10, 1 1 Forwarding business, 205, 206 Fosgate, Bela, 49 Francis, George \V. 170, 171 Francis, John M. 208, 333 Francis & Thompson, 208 Fratt, J. H. 246 Freeman, John W. 208 Freighting, 163 Freiot, George 49 Friends' Society, 75, 219 Fryers, Abraham, 31 Fuller, John, 49 Fuller, Joseph W. 223, 251 Fuller, Warren & Co., 234 Fulton, Robert, 83 Funerals, 63 Furcotte, Rev. M. F. 252 Furnace, Troy Air 1C2 Rensselaer Air 162 Furniture, 60 Fusileers, Troy, 85, 92 Gager, George H. 245 Gale, Benjamin, 24, 31 Gale, E. Thompson, 196, 206, 223, 250, 251 Gale, John, 31 Gale, John P>. 231 Gale, Samuel, M. D., 23, 29, 31, 35, 38, 40, 46, 55, 81, 266 Gale, Samuel, Jr., M. D., 47, 81, 92, 100, 102, 106, 119, 131, 302 Gardinier, Capt. Henry H. 16, 29, 30 Gardner & Co., Asa, 102 Gardner, Daniel, 171, 179, 2S0 Gardner, Jefferson, 264 Garfield, John, 1 58 Garfield, Lyman, 179 Garnett, Rev. Henry H. 172, 314, 318 Garnryck, Zechariah, 75, 76, 77 Gary, John, 131 Gary, William, 186 Gas Light Company, Troy, I96 Gates, General, 18 Gay, Willanl, 209, 223 Genet, Edmund C. 117 Geer, Gilbert, 190 Geer, Gilbert, Jr. 296 Gibbs, S. E. 174 Gifford, John, 76, 77 Gilbert, Asahel, 160 Gilbert, Asahel, Jr. 164 Gilbert, Liberty, 161 Gilbert, Uri, 201, 206, 210, 224^ 227, 250, 251, 279 Gilliland, William, 49 Goessling, Rev. F. 317 Goewy, Solomon, 18 Goodrich, Chas. S. J. 160, 179 Goodrich, Samuel, 71 Goodnough, Levi, 44 Goodspeed, Anthony, 40 Gorham, Capt. A. 186 Gorham, Shubael, 31, 100 Gorham, Stephen, 29 Gorton, Benjamin, 31, 44, 47, 112, 269 Gould, George, 171, 203, 225, 266, 279 Graham, William, 44 Grand Army of the Republic, 343 Grant, Elnathan F. 164, 167 Grant, Guidon, 159, 205 Grapes, 9 Gratz, Rev. F. S. 317, 319 Gray, Archibald, 71 Gray, Daniel, 29 Green, Henry G., Execution of, 197 Green, Moses C. 251 Greenfield, Bethuel, 18 Greenfield, William, 18 Grenell, Thomas, 186 Griffiths, P. Griffith, 206, 205 Griffiths, Solomon, 18 Grinnell, Richard, 27 Griswold, Chester, 262 Griswold, George, 166 Griswold, John A. 196, 205, 227, 229, 231, 234, 247, 251, 258, 2C1, 262, 279 Griswold & Co., John A. 261 Griswould, Ephraim, 18 Griswould, Jabez, 18 Groyberger, Daniel, 18 Guard, Troy Home, 231 Gunnison, A. C. 211 Gurley, Ephraim, 123 Gurley, W. & L. E. 197, 234, 264 Haddock, T. C. 232 Hadley, A. K. 201, 207 Hagadorn, D. 244 I lagan, J. J. 246 I lagan, W. E. 223 Ilagen, James, 77 Hagen, Robert, 77 Hagen, William, 170 Hafght, Wm. D. 154, 164, 166, 187 Hale, M. D., Moses, 77, 81, 114, 147, 266 Half Moon point, 18 Hall, Andress, Execution of, 203 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 389 Hall Building, 120 Hall, Benj. H. 297, 325 Hall, Daniel, 81, 97 Hall, George C. 223 Hall, Rowland, 29 Hall, the City, 258 Halsted, Alexander G. 210 Hamil, John, 44 Hamlin, Rev. Teunis S. 315, 318 Hammill, J. 106 Hakes, Jeremiah S. 211 Hakes, W. E. 244 Planer, Philip, 18 Hanks, Alpheus, 123 Hanks, Julius, 121, 154, 165, 264 Hanks, Truman, 123 Hanna, Rev. W. T. C. 174, 315, 318 Hannah, John, 18 Harmon, Edward, 296 Harpham, Joshua, 174 Harison, D. D., Rev. Francis, 315, 318 Harris, Judge Ira, 211 Harrison, Htenry, 232, 246 Harrison, Timothy, 44 Hart, Miss B. A. 220 Hart, Isaac B. 206 Hart & Nazro, 102, 120 Hart, Philip Jr. 109 Hart, Richard P. 90, 100, 114, 126, 131, 166, 167, 179, 183, 279 Hart & Co. Richard P. 102, 118, 179 Hart, William, 164 Hartigan, Maurice, 296 Hartshorn, C. A. 244 Hartshorn, W. S. 245 Harty, Thomas, Execution of, 173 Harwick, Jost, 18 Hasham, Stephen, 136 Haskin, Win. P. 164, 167 Hassett, Gillis, 10 Hatch, James H. 250 Platch, Jonathan, 49 Haver, Island, 18 Havermans, Rev. Peter, 189, 204, 220, 230, 247, 317, 319 Hawks, Benjamin, 29 Hawley, Francis, 44 Hawley, Lemuel, 73, 74, 107, 109 Hawley, Ralph, 170, 171 Playner, Henry Z. 172 Heart, William, 186 Hcartt, Albert Pawling, 114 Heartt, Jonas C. 97, 159, 179, 191, 196, 206, 210, 231, 251, 279 Heartt, Philip, 31, 43, 75, 100, 102, 117 Pleartt, P. & B. 50 Hcartt, P. & Sons, 119, 153 Heartt, P. T. 208 Heenan, John C. 221 Hedges, Wicks & Co. 44 Heimstreet, John W. 377 Hemp, 9, 15 Hemphill, Andrew, 174 Hendryx, William, 49 Hennicke, Emanuel, iS Henry, David, 29, 30 Henry, John V. 30 Hentlebeeker, Conrad, 18 Herrington, Horace, 205 Hervey, Rev. A. B. 317, 320 Heven, Jacob, 11, 12 Ilickok, James, 69, IOO Kickok, William, 29 Hicks, Benjamin, 29, 36 Hicks, George, 219 Hicks, Rev. John A. 160 Plicks, Rachael, 219 Higbie, Benjamin, 92, 100, 101 Highways, Commissioners of, 30 Hill, Eleazer, 18 Hillebrand, August, 336 Hillhouse, Thomas, 73, 75 Hillman, Isaac, 190 Hillman, Joseph, 204, 219, 323 Hitchcock, George A. 232 Hodgeboom, James L. 104 Hodgkin, Thomas, 49 Hogan, Stephen M. 296 Plogeboom, Henry, 212 Plojeboom, Jacob, 172 Hogeboom, James L. 307 Hogcll, Francis, 18 Hogles, 31 Hogg, John, 18 Ilolden, John S. 223 Holmes, Michael, 245 Holt, Aaron, 44 Hollanders, 12 Holley, A. L. 262 Holley, Myron, 106 Holley, Orville L. 147, 160 Hollister, Nathan S. 187 Hooker, Col. James, 205 Home, Day, 228, 348 Hooper, Charles, 170 Iloosick Tunnel, 207, 268 House, Abel, 31 House, Asahel, 53 House, John, 90, 100, 166 Plouswirt, Michael, 18 plospital, the Troy, 204 Howard, Rev. Lcland, 190 Howard, Leland, 133 Howland, Gardner, 204, 220 Howe, A. H. 234 Iloyle, Henry, 117 Hoyle house, 12 Hubbard, Ruggles, Si, 91 390 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Huberdault, Rev. G. 317, 319 Huckett, George, 206 Hudibras, American edition of, 83 Hudson, Daniel, 49 Hudson, Henry, 9 Hudson, John, 31 Hughes, J H 245 Hull, Hezekiah, 18, 29 Hull, Rev Justus, 104 Hun, Abraham, 30 Hunt, Alsop, 31 Hunt, J. & A. 32, 33 Hunt, Jonathan, 25, 31 Hunt, Robert H. 262 Hunter, John, 205 Hurstfield, Charles, 77 Huskings, Corn, 64 Hutton, Christopher, 30, 36, 40, 56, 69, 70 Hutton, Peletiah, 257 Hutton, Timothy, 30, 43 Hyde, Joseph, 244, 250 Ida Mills, 161 Ide, Coit & Co. 205 Importers, 153 India Rubber Co., Troy 179 Indians, 10, 82 Infirmary, Marshall 208, 352 Ingalls, Hon. Charles R., Supreme Court Justice, 326 Ingalls, Hiram, 208 Ingram, Henry, 209 Insurance Co., Mechanics' Mutual. 179 Rensselaer & Saratoga, 100 The Troy, 164 Institute, Rensselaer Polytechnic, 147, 243, 265, 345 Introductions, 59 Invincibles, Troy, 85, 92 Ionic Club, 349 Iron, 329 Iron Works, Albany, 261, 262 Burden, 262 Rensselaer, 261, 262 Irvin, D. D., Rev. William. 315, 318 Jackson, Ephraim, 18 Jacobs, Nathaniel, 29 Jail, County, 44, 54, 157 Janes, Elijah, 69, 101 Jausen, Henry W. 232 Jay, John, Election, 53 Jefferson, Hon. Thomas, 30 Jefferson, Thomas, 172 Jefferson, Samuel, 172 Jellico, Thomas D. 245 Jenkins, George W. 250 Johnson & Cox, 199 Johnson, Elias, 190, 205, 211 Johnson, Geer & Co. 199 Johnson, John, 44 Jolls, Egbert. 244 Jones, Aaron. 77 Jones & Co. 234, 264 Jones, Daniel, 73, 81 Jones, Ebenezer, 49, 90 Jones, E. P. 244 Jones Sc Hitchcock, 213 Jones, Samuel, 179 Joslin, Prof. B. F. 171 Joy, Benjamin, 44 Judges, 29, 307 July 4th Celebration, 45, 50, 368 Justices, 29 Keating, Capt. John, 46 Keeler, Aimer, 49 Keeling, Adam, 31, 43 Kellogg, A. & W. 102, 118, 153 Kellogg, Day O. 204, 207, 279 Kellogg, Giles B. 170, 171 Kellogg, Josiah, 27 Kelly, John, 18 Kemble, John C. 170 Kemp, William, 234, 279 Kenny, Michael, 296 Kent, Moss, 29, 30, 308 Kenyon, R. Wells, 232 Kerk, the Dutch, 16 Kerr, John, 2o3 Kersmis, 63 Ketchum & Co., Joel, 102 Keveny, Rev. James, 317, 319 Kimball, Rev. H. D. 317, 319 Kincaide, Robert, 31 King, Abel, 49 King, Alexander B. 257 King, Charles, 63 Kinney, S. W. 245 Kirkpatrick, A. 334 Kisselburgh, William E. 229, 234, 245 Klien, Joseph, 49 Knapp, Israel, 27, 31 Knickerbacker, H. 117, 307 Knickerbacker, John, 54, 166 Knickerbacker, John, Jr. 29, 36 Knight, Harrison & Paine, 234 Knowles, John, 49 Knowlson, M. D., John, 245 Knowlson, James S, 250 Knox, John L. G. 223 Koon, Hon. Henry, 131 Kossuth, Louis, Visit of, 209 Krol, Sebastian Jansen, 10 Kronckhyte, Abraham, 18 Kronckbyte, Hercules, 18 Ladies' Benevolent Society, 72 Ladue, Captain J. 123 Ladue, James O 97 La Fayette, Visits of Gen. 136, 151 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 391 Laithe, Thomas P. 250 Lambert, John 85 Lamport, John T. 170, 297 Lancaster, Joseph. 105 Lancasterian School, 105 Land-slices, 180, 1S6 187 211. 221 Landon, Capt. John M 234. 296 Lape. Jacob. 257 Lape, Samuel, 18 Lane, \aron, 56, 91 Lane, Derick, 29, 56. 75, 85. 88. 96 99. 100, 104. 118. 131. 136, 139 145, 269 297 Lane, George, 17 Lane, Jacob L. 97, 113 Lane, Matthew, 166 Langdon's Horse Boat, 116 Langdon & Co., John C 154. 157, 163 Laning, W. L. 234 Lansing Cornelius. 29, 30, 37 Lansing Jacob A. 29. 37 Lansing, Sanders, 30 Lansingh, Abraham J. 21 Lansingh. John, 18 Lansingh, Levinus, 18, 29, 31 Lansingburgh, 21, 85, 267 Lantrow, Jchn, 96 Laselle, Elias, 97 136, 186 Laufira, Joseph, 232 Laurie, James, 187 Laureate Boat Club, 251, 349 Lawrence, G. 249 Lawyers, 81, 199. 266, 324 Laybourn, Chris. 44 Leake, F. 1S6 Lee, George F. 196 Lee, Joel, 166 Lemon, George F. 244 Lemon. James M. 201 Lesley George, 205 Lewis Russell W. go Levcrzey, Levinus, 18 Levi, Herman. 249 Library, the Apprentices. 155 Troy. 56 113, 171 Trey Young Men's Association, 170 2c6 Lighting the Streets, 155 Lincoln, Visit of President, 227 Link, Calvin, 232 Lively. William, 172 Lockwood, C. N. 223 Lockwcod, H. C. 205 Lockwood, Hanford N. 90 147, 166, 250, 279 Lockwood, Samuel S. 102 Lockwood, Thomas, 49 Lockwood, Thomas W. 208 Lockwood, William, 1S5 Lodges, 344 Lotteries. 89 Lottridge, R. A. 229 Lord, Russell, 49 Loudon, M. D., John, 38, 40, 81, 82, 107, 109, 266 Loudor Henry, 170 Lovett John, 30, 31 Low & Co., P. 199 Lowrie Rev. M. B. 252 Lubberde land, 9, 1 1. Lundy, J. 257 Luylekkerland, 9 Lyceum of Natural History, 77, 114, 117, 150 Lyman, Lewis, 121, 131 Lynch, Rev. Wm. 315 Lyon, Oliver, 85, 92, 100 Lyon, W. H. 245 Mabbitt, Jonathan, 77 MacArthur, Charles L. 232, 333 Mac Donough, Commodore Thomas 103 MacGregor, Rev. Donald, 315, 318 Madison, Hon. James, 30 Malta Knights of 341 Mallary, Joel, 208 Mallory Capt. H. 123 Mallory. Henry, 109, 131 Mallory, J 106, 126, 136, 297 Mandeville, Yallss, 24 Mann, F. N. 160, 170, 203, 279 Mann, Francis N. Jr. 296 Mann & Co. James, 102 Manners of the people, 58 Manning J. A. 251 Manning, Michael R. 296 Mansion House, 97, 158, 159, 192 Manufacturing companies, 264, 265, 346 Manufacturing statistics, 329, 331 Marcy William L. 81, 97, no, 123, 280 Market houses, 55, 81, 186 Marks, Lewis, 249 Marshall, Benj. 187, 199. 208 Marshall, Francis, 44 Marshall, Rev. James, 257 Martin, Elbanah, 44 Martin. Harvey, 172 Martin, Jonah, 29 Martin, Thomas, 18 Marvin, Matthew, 18 Marvin, Selclen E. 262 Marvin, Stephen, Jr. 17, 18 Masonic, excitement, Anti 158 Masonic Hall Association, 257 Masonic Societies, 337 Masonic Temple, 258 Masters, Josiah, 29, 36, 104, 307 Masters, Nicholas M. 308 392 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Mastin, George, iS Matteson, Rev. L. J. 315, 318 Matthew, Father, 209 Maxcy, Rev. Jonathan, 43 Mayors of Troy, no, 279 McCall, Alexander, 170 McChesney, John, 31 McClellan, Gen. George B. 249 McClellan, Robert, 27, 31 McClellan, Robert II. 308 McClintock, D. D., Rev. John, 219 McConihe, Alonzo, 250 McConihe, Isaac, 95, 114, 159, 179, 1S7, 219, 266, 302 McConihe, Isaac Jr. 227-S-9-30, 247, 279 McConihe, John, 245 McConihe, Samuel, 234 McConihe, William, 232, 246 McCoun, John, 49, 73, 269 McCoun, John T. 166, 167, 170 196, 245 McCoun, Samuel, 279 McCoun, T. 251 McCoun, Townsend, 49, 69, 99, 100, 106, I09, 131, 166, 191 McCoun & Co. T. 102, 118, 153 McCoun s Mill, T. 109 McFarlan, Jas. 156 McGuire, John, 232 McKown, James, 29, 70 McLean, Capt. 198 McLean, M. D., Leroy, 232, 246 McManus, Hugh, 18 McManus, William, 308 McNutt, Joseph G. 232 McNulty, Win. G. 246 McPheeters, William, 232 McRae, Farquhar, 156 Meadow Creek, 13 Meadows, Great 10 Mechanics' Hall, 200 Meneely & Co. 264 Meneely & Kimberly, 260, 264 Merris, John P. 44 Merritt, Charles H. 164, 206 Merritt, Daniel, 31, 69, 70, 73, 75, 76, 96, 100, 118 Merritt, Isaac, 77, 102, 118 Merritt, Isaac Jr. 171 Merritt, Jacob, 76, 90 Meteor, explosion of a 222 Meteorological Record, 380, 381 Middleburgh, 70 Military Occupation, 248 Military, Troy, 50, 85, 92, 100, 102, 104, 122, 173, 202, 231, 356 Militia Companies, 17 Militia of Rensselaerwyck, 16, 67 Milk, Benjamin, 29, 37 Millard, J. A. 219 Millard, Stephen, 18 Miller, Folket, 18 Miller, Leonard, 18 Miller, William, Execution of, I97 Milliken, Arthur, 135, 179 Mills, Flouring, 163 Mills, Rolling, 190 Miner, Samuel, 47 Minigh, Peter, iS Ministers, 266, 318 Mission. St. John's Free, 253 Mob, the draft, 246 the fugitive slave, 224 pro-slavery, 172 St. Patrick's day, 183 Moody, Dexter, 185 Mofrit, Hosea, 29, 69, 104 Moffitt & Co., Robert, 53 Mohawks, the, 10, 82 Mohegans, the, 10 Monitor, the, 234, 235 Montgomery, Robert, 29 Monument, Washington, 208 Mooney, Daniel, 234 Moors, Alex. 44 Moran, John, 247, 280 Morey, Charles E. 245 Morgan, Azro B. 250 Morgan, Ephraim, 25, 29, 31, 40, 69, 75, 102, 105, 131, 269 Morgan, Jonas, 31 Morgen, 11 Morris, William, 18 Morrissey, John, 221 Morrison, H. 257 Morrison, James J. 223 Morrison, John, 199 Moss, John Le 49 Mostyn, Rev. John, 315, 318 Moulton's Coffee house, 46, 53, 71, 78, 125 Moulton, Howard, 44, 46, 47 Moulton, Stephen, 44 Mowris, Capt. Samuel, 122 Mowry, Le Roy, 66 Mulford, Rev. J. N. 315, 319 Munsell's Annals of Albany, 84 Murderess, the veiled, 211 Murnane, M. 245 Murphy, Edward Jr. 279 Murphy, John J. 296 Museum, the Troy, 158, 200 Music, 266 Myers, A. B. 232, 244 Myers, Walter, 296 Nalle, Charles, the fugitive slave, 224 Nash, Capt. Abram, 66, 77 Nash, Abraham. 166 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY, 393 Navigation Company, Northern Inland, 39 Western Inland, 39 Navigation of the Hudson, 66, 154, 197 Navigation, opening and closing of 364 Nazro, Henry, 90 Nazro & Curtis, 153 Necrological list, 358 New City, 21, 26, 42 Newcomb, Simon, 117 Newcomb, \V. K. 244 New Englanders, 21 New Netherland, 9, 11, 21 Newton, Abner, 29 Newspaper, the first Troy, 48 The first daily, 160 Newspapers, 266, 333 New Year's day observance, 180 Nicolls, Governor Richard, 11 Nieuw Stadt, 21 Niles, Jonathan, 29, 36 Nims & Co., 97 Noble, Capt. Cornelius, 18 Norton, Sylvester, 164 Norton, William, 18 Northern Centinel and Lansingburgh Advertiser, 22 Nott, Rev. Dr. 221 O'Brien, Thomas, 232 O'Brien, William, 250 Odd Fellows, Athenian Lodge of, 208 Order of, 340 Odell, Jonas, 29, 37 O'Donnell, Barney, execution of, 203 Ogden, G. Parish, 251 Olin, A. B. 209, 212, 231, 280 Olin, J. S. 201, 280 Olympus, Mount, 130 Olmstead, W 246 Olmstead, W A. 232 Opera House, Grisvvold, 257 Orangemen, 342 Orvis, J. M. 206, 209 Osborne, Jeremiah, 56, 81, 308 Osborne, William, 186 Osgood, Artemas, 107 Osgood, [. C. 227 Ostrander, Aaron, 29 Ostrander, Evert, 190 Ostrom, Ruelf, 18 Ostrom, Thomas L. 174 O'Sullivan, Daniel, 296 Ottenhues, Rev. Joseph, 317, 319 Otis, George II. 232 Ouderdonk, Abram J 17 Oude Sladt, 21 Ondthout. Henry, 27, 31 Paasch, 63 raddock, Job 18 Pafraets Dael, 9 Paget, John, 18 Page, Josiah W. 49 Paine, Amasa, 81, 102, 106, 126, 280 Paine, John, 131, 166 Palmei, George, 166 Palmer, Lieut. W. 122 Piatt, Ananias, 27 Pamser, Christopher, 18 Paper Mill, 38 Park, 71, 160 Park, Sidney, 232 Park, Sidney W. 246 Parker, Andries, 18 Parker, Win. S. 73, 74, 76, 77, 85, 120 Parker & Bliss, 89, 106 Parmely, Amos, 44 Parmelee ; Charles C. 307 Parmelee, Elias, 100, 147 Parmentei. F. W. 234 Parmenter, Jerome B. 245, 336 Parmenter, R. A., City Attorney, 326 Partridges, 9 Pastors, 266, 318 Patchin, M. D., Aaron D. 81 Patrick, Jesse, 164 Patroon, 9, 13 Pattison, Elias, 156, 159, 179 Pattison, John, 108 Pavements, 359, 218 Pawling, Albert, 27, 29, 31, 36, 90, 99, 106, no, 136, 269, 279 Peace, Treaty of, 103 Pease, John, 31, 40 Peck, Garrit, 18 Peck & Hillman, 220 Peckham, Samuel, 77 Peckham, Reuben, 223 Peebles, Hugh, 70, 73, 99, 100, 106,107, 109, 120 Pendleton, Wm. 44 Pens, Manufactory of Steel, 186 Penfield, Nelson, 244 Pengross, James, 44 Penniman & Co., Obadiah, 77 Penniman, Sylvanus J. 77 Perkins, James, 18 Perkins, Joseph, 18 Perkins, S. D. 232 Perry, Amos S. 196, 205, 245, 297 Perry, John S. 171, 206, 2157 Pheasants, 9 Phillips, George H. 296 Phelps & Gurley, 197 Physicians, 81, 199, 266, 323 Pickett, Clias. A. 244 Pierce, A. H. 201 Pierce & Carxington, jq Pierce's inn, ^3, 56 5° 394 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Pierce, Jeremiah, 47, 56, 73 Pierce, Sackett & Co., 153 Pierce, William, 166, 302 Pierpont, Rev. John, 198, 208 Pierson, Job, 167, 186, 212, 308 Pigeons, 9 Pine, J. Le Roy, 296 Pinkster, 63 Piscawen Kill, 12, 13, 20 Pitcher, Samuel, 159 Pitt, W. H. 232 Ploss, Hendrick, Jr. 18 Plough Boy, the, 144 Plough Manufactory, 1 23 Plum, Elias, 210, 279 Plumb, W. H. Jr. 244 Poesten Kill, 10, it, 13, 20, 21, 42 Poesten Mill, II, 13 Pollak, Rev. A. 317, 320 Polls, 107, 108 Poor, Overseers of, 30 Postmasters, Troy, 302 Post-office, first, 45 Post-riders, 45 Potter, Prof. Alonzo, 171 Potter, John, 44 Powers, Robert, 32, 49 Pramer, Nelson, 296 Pratt & Co., Luther, 48 Preachers, 266, 318 Prentiss, Peter, 44 Prescott, Ebenezer, 39, 164 Prescott & Co., E. 163 Presidents of the Village, 269 Press, Troy Daily, 336 Property, value of real and personal, 372 Proudfit, James, 102 Providence, R. I. 22 Pullen, George, 108 Purington, Abijah, 77 Pye's Tavern, 100, 103 Pythias, Knights of, 342 Quackenbush, John II. 232, 246 Quakers, 75, 219 Quay, John, 244 Quinn, Timothy F. 232 Rail Roads, Lansingburgh & Troy, 179 New York & Albany, 191 Offices of, 192, 209 Rensselaer & Saratoga, 165, 178 Rutland & Washington, 207 Schenectady & Saratoga, 179 Schenectady & Troy, 187 Train, the first from New York, 209 Troy & Albia, 250 Troy & Boston, 206 Troy & Cohoes, 227, 249 Troy & Greenbush, 192, 209 Rail Road, Troy & Lansingburgh Horse, 227 Troy & Stockbridge, 1 79 Troy Union, 210, 212 Rain-fall at Troy, 380 Randal, Benjamin, 29 Randal, Joshua, 18 Randal, Stephen, 18 Randel, David, 18 Rankin, James, 164 Ranken, Hugh, 249 Ranken, Robert B. 257 Ransom, Rev. H. W. 217 Rapp, Christian W. 296 Rathbun, Wait, 31, 35 Raymond, Rev. Ebenezer, 174 Raymond, Joshua, 70 Read, Arba, 205, 210, 223, 227, 231, 279 Read, Charles H. 302 Read, Thomas, 164 Recorders of Troy, no, 280 Redfield & Bradley, 102 Reed, Benjamin, 185 Reed, Leonard, 90, 106 Regiment, First Long Island, 234 Griswold Cavalry, 249 Harris Cavalry, 234 93d New York, 234 125th New York, 244, 250 169th New York, 244 Second New York, 231, 246 30th New York, 234 Reilay, Gilbert, 167 Remick, Rev. N. B. 315, 318 Renouf, William, 77 Rensselaer County, 10, 29 Agricultural Society, 117 Bible Society, 104, 350 Medical Society, 81, 120, 349 Sunday School Union, 1G6 Rensselaer House, 158 Rensselaer Iron Works, 261, 262 Rensselaer Military Association, 122 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 147, 243, 265, 345 Rensselaerwyck, manor of, 12 Representatives, County, 303 City, 306 Revival Meetings, 224 Reynolds, M. D, P. L. 245 Reynolds, Stephen, 308 Rhodes, G. N. 296 Rice & Townsend, 49 Rice, Obed, 114 Rich, W111, 172 Richards, C. L. 223 Richards, Charles R. 223 Richards, George B. 297 Richards, Lewis, 100, 156 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 1 r\ " o9j Richards, Maria, 185 Richards, Rufus, 159 Richardson, Alfred, 77 Richmond, Volney, 210 Road, Hoosick, 20 River, 20 Robbins, M. D., Amatus, 114 Robbins, Henry, 206 Roberts, Ralph B. 186 Roberts, Capt. Wm. 49 Roberts, Wm. 160 Robertson, Gilbert, Jr. 206, 280, 302, 307 Robinson, Rev. Charles S. 217 Robinson, D. D., Rev. Chas. E., 257, 315. 3i3 Robinson, Daniel, 206 Robinson, Henrietta, 211 Rochefoucault-Liancourt, Duke de la, 42 Rogers, Isaac, 27 Rogers, James, 44 Romeyn, Jeremiah, 307 Ross, James, 44, 49 Ross, Stephen, 82, 95, 106, 109 Rousseau, H. 160, 171 Rousseau, Lewis, 160 Rousseau, Lewis A. 223, 349 Rowe, M. D., Benjamin, 81 Rumsey, Levi, 81, 88 Russ pavement, 218 Russell, Elijah, 49 Russell & Hall, 153 Russell, John, 81, 99 Russell, Joseph, 99, 100, 121, 126, 131, 136 Russell, Martin, 124 Russell, Tracy & Co. 102 Russell, Winslow, execution of, 173 Sage, Russell, 201, 210 Sage, William F. 161, 204, 208 Salisbury, Amos, 85, 107, 109 Salmon, 187 Sampson, J. 106 Sands, William Samuel, 196 Sandy Hook, 9 Saratoga, battle of 18 Sargeant, L. R. 210 Sash factory, 163 Savage, A. 232 Schermerhorn, John C. 29 Schermorhorn, John W. 29, 36 Schools, 344 Schoonmaker, Edgar P. 257 Scott, Lemuel, 44 Scott, Ira, 100 Scott, Moses, 90 Schryver, Edward, 210 Schuyler, Barent, 12 Schuyler, Captain Barent, 12, 123 Schuyler, Captain Courtland, 12, 123 Schuyler, Major Henry, 12 Schuyler, Helen, 12 Schuyler, John, 12 Schuyler, Nicholas, 29, 73 Schuyler, Colonel Philip, 16, 17, 39 Schuyler, Philip S. 12 Schuyler, Captain Philip Pieterse, 11, 12 Schuyler, Mrs. Shinah, 72 Schuyler, Colonel Stephen I. 12, 17, 18 Schuyler, Colonel Stephen V. R. 12 Schuyler, Tobias R. 12 Selden & Bros. C, 92 Selden, Charles, 69, 99, 100 Selden, G. M. 219 Selden, Joseph D. 90, 99, 105, ic6, 121 Selden, William, 24 Seminary, Troy Femaie, 125, 142, 265, 345 Seminary, St. Joseph's Provincial, 220, 249, 265, 345 Sentinel, Troy Daily, 160 Seybert, Henry, 260 Seymour, Ashebel, 44 Seymour, David L. 169, 170, 179 Seymour, Chas. E. 170, 171 Seymour, Israel, 164 Seymour's Tavern, McNeil 103, 108 Sever, Jno. 17 Sexton, Calvin, 49 Sharp, Peter, 158 Shaughnessy, James, 296 Shaw, Comfort, 18 Shaw, Samuel, 18 Sheldon, D. D., Rev. C. P. 174 Sheldon, Elias P. 244 Sheldon, T. F. 244 Sheldon, Wm. 31 Shepard, William A. 250, 251 Sheriffs, 29, 312 Sherman, David, 97 Sherwood, E. B. 204 Sherman, Capt. R. W. 150 Shields, Capt. H. L. 228, 232 Shinplasters, 32, 33, 101, 245 Shipard, Rev. Fayette, 172 Shoes, manufacture of, 163 Sickles, Thomas, 36, 37 Silliman, Prof. Benjamin, 116 Silliman & Gardner, 206 Silliman, Robert D., 154, 164, 167 Silvester, Francis, 30 Sims, Geo. F. 257 Simons, Rev. Ezra D. 250 Skelding, Thomas, 49 Skelding, Mrs. Thomas, 72 Skelding, T. 121 Skelding & Co. T. 102 Skinner, Roger, 90 396 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Skinner, M. D., W. J. 245 Slason, Alfred, 166, 170 Slason, Henry, 49 Slave Mob, Fugitive, 224 Slavery, Abolition of 1 13 Sloan, James, 17 Slocum, Hiram, 205, 218, 219, 279 Sloops Flora and Joanna, 24 Smith, Adam, 131 Smith's Inn, A. 7S Smith, Benjamin, 32, 90, 96, 100, 136, 308 Smith, B. N. 245 Smith, E. R. 245 Smith, Harvey, 161, 190, 223 Smith, Jacob, 18 Smith, James 29 Smith, Rev. John, 206 Smith, John, the Razor Strop Man, 190 Smith, Leonard, 227 Smith, Munson, 164 Smith, Samuel, 131 Smith, Solomon, 49 Smith, William, 131, 159 Snedecker, Lt. Benjamin, 123 Snodgrass, D. D., Rev. W. D. 166 Snyder, S. W. 245 Soap and candle factory, 163 Societies, Local, 337, 347 Society, Associate Relief, 231 Society, Patriotic Women's, 231 Soldier, the first killed, 234 Somers, Rev. Charles G. 112 Southwick, Cannon & Warren, 120, 153 Southwick, Daniel, 196 Southwick, Edward, 76, 77 Southwick, L. L. 223 Southwick, Solomon, 1 14 Spencer, J. C. 206 Spencer, James, 43, 96 Spencer, Joseph, 29 Specie Payments Suspended, 101, 185, 221 Spotten, William, iS Spicer, Rev. Tobias, 104 Squires, Capt. 31 Squires, David, 47 Squires, Norman, 164 Squires, N. B. 250 Staats, Nicholas, 29, 36 Stages, 27, 130, 135, 164, 165, I67, 199 Staples, Abraham, 77 Staples, Edward, 76 Stapleton, William B. 296 S arbuck, C. & N. 123 Starbuck & Gurley, 154 Stirbuck, N. B. 223 btarbuck, Nathaniel, 77 Ctarbuck & Sons, N. 162, 199 Starks & Edson, 199 Starks, Independence, 174 Starks, R. J., 209 Starr, Samuel, 81 Steamboats, 83, 84, 150, 160, 186, 192, I97, 200, 204, 259, 368 Steam Engine Factory and Machine Shop, Troy, 163 Steam Engines manufactured, 154 Steam Fire Engine trial, 222 Steele, McG. 244 Steel and Iron, 329 Steene-hoeck, II Stevens, L. H. 244 Stewart, John, 90 Stewart, Peter, 156 Stewart, Samuel, 69, 100 Stillwater, battle of iS Stillwell, John, 44 Stillwell, Samuel, 49 St. Nikolaas, 63 Stockwell, Henry, 119 Stone, George A. 209 Stony-Point, 11 Stove factories, 163, 199, 263, 329 Stoves manufactured, 199 Stover, Samuel, 212 Stow, Silas K. 167 Strait, E. Smith, 307, 308 Stratton & Son, L. 162 Street names, 77 St. Regis, 92 Strawberries, 3 Strong, Henry W. 179, 280 Strunck, Hendrick, 18 Sturgeon, 9 Sullivan, John, 250 Sullivan, Thomas, 232, 246 Sunday School Union, Rensselaer Co. 166 Sunday, observance of, 28, 29 Sunnyside, the, 259 Supervisors, 29, 37 Surrogates, 29, 30S Sutherland, Thos. S. Manufactory of, 22 Swallow the sinking :>f ;he, 197 Swasey, Edward R. 249 Swett, Quimby & Co. 234 Swift, Rev. J J. 317, 319 Symonds, Thomas, 161, 227 Synagogue, Jewish, 249 Tafft, George, 232 Talman. Thomas C. 49 Tammany Society, 86 Tanneries and Currying shops, 163 Tappen. Jurian Teunisse, 11 Tarbell, F. W. 245 Taverns, 71 78. 79, 103 Tax Levies, Village and City, 370 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 397 Taxes, Collectors of, 30 Taxes, rate of City, County and State, 374 Taylor, Charles H. 244 Taylor, Joseph C, I90 Taylor, Mali Ion, 27, 30, 42, 43, 53 Taylor, Robert M. 223 Taylor, Tracy, 250 Taylor, W. D. 244 Telegraph lines established, 199 Telegraph, Fire Alarm, 252 Temperature, high and low, 376, 377 Temple, Rev. Richard, 218 Ten Broeck, Dirck, 30 Ten Eyck, Abraham, 17, 27, 29, 31, 95, 269 Ten Eyck, Anthony, 29, 307 Ten Eyck, Barent H. 12 Ten Eyck, Helena, 12 Ten Eyck, Mrs. Sarah, 72 Thayer, Hezekiah, 206 Thenay, Alexander, 172 Thomas, Gen. George B., burial of, 254 Thomas, Andrews & Penniman, 56 Thomas, John, 126, 164, 297 Thompson, Charles \V. 210 Thompson, Israel, 29 Thompson, J. F. 245 Thompson, John L. 191, 210, 250 Thompson, John L & Sons, 1 19 Thomson, Robert, 17 Thorn, James, 245, 279 Thurber, Benjamin, 22 Thurman, Richardson H. 205, 208, 249 Tibbits, Benjamin, 49, 56, 69 Tibbits, Mrs. Benjamin, 72 Tibbits, Elisha, 166 Tibbits, George, 49, 75. 99, 100, 105, 106, 117, 136, 156, 167, 172, 176, 279 Tibbits, George M. 206, 259 Tibbits, John B. 204 Tibbits, Thomas M. 250 Tibbits, Win. B. 232, 246, 249 Tilden, Elam, 179 Tilley, Rev. Wm. J. 317, 319 Tillinghast, B. A. 205 Tillinghast, C. W. 223 Tillinghast, Joseph J. 250 Tillinghast, Thomas A. 223 Tillman, Christopher, 17 Tillman, Lewis T. 97, 102 Times, The Troy Daily, 208, 246, 335 Titus, Piatt, 79, 96, 102, 131, 142 Titus' Tavern, 103, 108, 131, 135 Toll-gate abolished, 234 Tomkins, William, 18 Toneray, 17 Tories, 16 Townsend, Edward C. 257 Townsend, Eli, 174 Townsend, Henry, 107 Townsend, Martin I. 170, 210, 212, 225, 230, 247, 248 Tracy, Cornelius L. 308 Tracy, G. H. 170 Tracy, Gardnier, 100 Tracy, Jedediah, 147, 159, 164 Tracy, Jesse, 107, 164 Trade, Board of, 204 Trader, the Trojan, 133 Travelling, Quick, 151 Treasurers, County, 311 Treasurers, Village, 272 Trenor Thomas, 90 Trojan Greens, 85, 100 Trojan, the Sunday, 336 Troy Academy. 344 Troy's Axe, 212 Troy City Artillery, 202 Troy Citizen's Corps, 173, 183, 201, 228 Troy, the city of, 107, 109, 113, 124, 128, 134, 149, 150, 153, 154, 161, 162, 165, 174, 205, 267 Troy Club, 251, 352 Troy Gazette, 71 Troy Grenadiers, 50 Troy House, 79, 103, 108, 131, 135, 139, 158, 177, 178, 192, 227 Troy Iron and Nail Factory, 96, 162, 167 Troy laid out, 23 Troy Lyceum of Natural History, 77, 1 14, 1 17 Troy named, 26 Troy, the Steamboat, 1S6 Troy Scientific Association, 267 Troy, Town of, 29 Troy, Village of, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 79, 85, 91, 106, 267 Troy Young Men's Association, 170, 266, 353. 355 Troy Whig Publishing Company, 334 Truesdell, Chester, 47 Truesdell & Filer, 44 Truesdell, Jonathan, 44 Trustees of the Village, 270, 271 Tryon, Governor William, 16 Tucker, H. O'R. 335 Tucker, D. D., Rev. John Ireland, I94, 315. 319 Tunnel, Hoosick, 207, 268 Tupper, Capt. G. O. 246 Tupper, W. W. 204 Turkeys, 9 Turner, Major Thomas, 123 Turner, Thomas, Jr. 162 Twist, Herman, 44 Tylee, Edward, 44, 83 398 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Tylee, Edward & James, 102 Tynsen, U. B. 47 Type setting machine, 190 Ulysses Coat Club, 354 Uncle Sam, 91 University, the Troy, 219 Vail, A. 251 Vail & Co. 102 Vail, D. Thomas, 200, 207, 210, 228, 251 Vail, E. R. 251 Vail, George. 90, 159, 16b Vail, Henry, 164, 167 Vail, H. & G. 102, 119, 153 Vail, Moses, 29, 36, 42 Vail, Samuel M. 251 Vail, T. 201 Vail. Townsend M. 166, 205, 223 Valentine, Casparis, iS Van Aernum, Henry, 17 Van Aernum, Isaac, 18 Van Alen, John E. 29, 39, 70 Van Aller, Prince, 172 Van Alstyne, Jacob, 29 Van Alstyne, W. L. 220, 249, 279 Van Arnam, Abraham, 23, 24 Van Brakle, James, 156 Van Benlhuysen, Jacob, 49 Van Buren, President Martin, visit o., 186 Van Corlaer, Arent, 10 Vandenburgh, Cornelius, 30 Vandenburgh, Gerrit, 107 Vandenburgh, J. V. W. 244 Van Deurs, Rev. George, 315, 318 Van Dyck, Peter D. 30 Vanderheyden, 23-4-5-6 Van der Heyden, David, 13, 14 Van der Ilayden, Derick, 13, 14 Van der Heyden family, 14, 16 Van der Heyden, Jacob D. 13, 14, 20, 21, 29, 31, 32, 35, 37, 40, 43, 44, 70, 75, 79. 89 Van der Heyden, Jacob I., 13, 14, 16, 20, 22, 31 Van det Heyden, Jacob, Jr. 29 Van der Heyden, John D. 31 Van der Heyden, Levinus, 171 Van der Heyden, Mattys, 13, 14, 20 Van der Heyden, Matthias, 14, 20, 21, 22, 25, 31, 66 Van der Heyden, Nanning, 31 Van der Heyden, Nanning, Murder of, 256 Van der Heyden, P. F. 349 Van der Heyden, W. D. 130 Van der Poel, Wynant Gerritse, II, 12, 261 Vanderwerken, John, iS Van Every, Jacob, iS Van Every, W. II. 297 Van Kleeck, D. D., Rev. R. B. 193, 208 Van Ostrander, John, 18 Van Rensselaer, Capt., Troop of Horse, jo Van Rensselaer, Jan Baptiste, 10 Van Rensselaer, John, 29, 67 Van Rensselaer, Colonel John, regi- ment in 1787, 67 Van Rensselaer, Kiliaen, IO Van Rensselaer. Stephen, 106, 147 Van Santvoord, George, 212 Van Schaick Island, 17 Van Schendell, Gillis, 9 Van Schoonhoven, Guert, 69, 147 Van Schoonhoven, Gerrit, 30 Van Schoonhoven, James, 100, 131, 179, 201 Van Schoonhoven, J. Lansing, 209 Van Schoonhoven, W. H. 170, 171 Van Slechtenhorst, Brandt, IO Van Slechtenhorst, Margaret, 1 1 Van Tuyl, Abraham, 167, 179 Van Vechten, Harmin, 29 Van Velsen, Sweer Theunissen, II, 12, 42 Van Vleck, George, 18 Van Woggelum, Geertrug Pieterse, I I Van Woggleum, Pieter Pieterse, 1 1, 12 Vaughn, A. D 245 Veazie, Charles, 97, 163, 164 Velocipedes, 124 Viele, Major J. J. 202 Vielc, Philip, 308 Village officers, 269-78 Volksfreund, the Troy 336 Voter's qualification, 108 Vyselaer, Jan Cornelise, 1 1, 12 Wager & Dater, 199 Wager, Jacob, 30 Wager, Nicholas, 29 Waite, W. M, 257 Walbridge, Ebenezer W. 100 Walker, James E. 262 Walker, John, 18 Walker, Rev. William F. 185 Wallace, James, 1S7 Wallace, Uriah, 154 Walsh, D. D., Rev. G. H. 253, 315, 319 Walworth, Reuben H. 82 Wandelaer, John De 29 War, 91, 230, 231 Material manufactured. 234 Meetings, 229, 230 Ward, Aaron, 17 Wards, So, 107, 109 Wardwell, James, 31 Warner, Calvin, 164 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. 399 Warner, Charles, 218 Warner, Harvey, 170, 171 Warren, C, S. 223 Warren & Co., E. 54, 102, 118 Warren, Eliakim, 54, 73, 74 Warren, Esaias, 54, 75, 90, 101, 120, 136 156, 279 Warren, Mrs. Esaias, 72 Warren, George B. 164, 167, 196, 250 Warren, George B. Jr. 279 Warren. John, 31 Warren, John Hobart, 250, 251 Warren, Joseph M. 161, 204, 223, 250, 251, 279 Warren, Mrs. Mary, 193 Warren, Moses, 308 Warren, Nathan, 54, 72, 96, loo, 126, 131, 156, 159, 166 Warren, Stephen, 54, 85, 88, 106, 136, 160, 166, 196 Warren, Stephen E. 206 Washington Benevolent Society, 88 Washington Hall, 167 Washington, death of, 56 Washington Square, 96 Washington Volunteers, 90 Waters, E. 223 Waters, George A. 251 Waters' Hotel, 158 Waters, Israel, 49 Water wheel, great, 169 Water works, 95, 96, 160 Watrous, Andrew, 201 Watson, Elkanah, 25 Watter, John, 18 Wayland, Rev. Francis, 104 Webber, D. D., Rev. G. N. 315, 318 Webster, Hon. Daniel, visit of, 190 Weed, Alsop, 164, 167 Weed, Darius, 160 Weed, Jared S. 170, 171, 191, 210, 227, 297 Weibel, Rev. John W. H ^15, 319 Welch, Peter. 49 Weld, Theodore D. 172 Welks, Silas, 29 Wellington, Isaac, 190 Wells & Co., I. M. 102, 120 Wells, M. D., I. M. 81, 106, 114 Wells, Israel, 49 Wells, Philander, 60, 179, 196 Wemp, Jan Barentsen, 10, II Wemp, Maritie Mynderse, II Wemple, Abram A. 190 Wendell, Gerrit, 30 Wendell, Major D. S. 123 Wescott, Joseph, 44 Westervelt, Rev. Ralph, 104 Wheawill, Henry, 257 Wheeler, John, 44, 166, 179 Whig, the Troy, 334 Whigs, 15 Whipping-post, 44 Whipple, Job, 49 Whitford, Major Edward, 123 Whitman, W. W. 302 Whiton, John, 160 Whitsuntide, 63 Wicks, Joel, 49 Wicks, Piatt, 49 Wicks, W. H. 245 Wier, Prof. R. W. 195 Wight, Daniel. 166 Wilbur, Solomon, 31, 119 Wilcox, A. D. 204 Wilden, 10 Willard, Mrs. Emma, 125, 143, 231, 265 Willard, Georre L. 244 Willard, John~D. 158, 164, 179, 186 Willard. John N. 205 Willard, M. D., Moses, 81 Willard, William, 30 Willard, William T. 185, 206, 223, 302 Willett, Elbert, 44 Williams, David, 49, 53 Williams, Hezekiah, go Williams, John, 77 Williams, Moses, 166 Williams, Nathan, 44, 45, 302 Williamson, C. 185 Williamson, Rev. R. D. 315, 318 Willis, Lemuel, 131 Willis, Tylee & Co., 44 Willoughby, William, 17, 18 Wilson, Ebenezer, 27, 99 Wilson, Ebenezer, Jr. 82 Wilson, Edward, Jr. 166 Wilson, E. T. 246 Wilson, Mrs. Elizabeth S. 72 Wilson, Geo. F. 232 Wilson, Jos. 31 Wilson, Samuel, 27, 31, 66, 91 Wilson, T. 232 Winchell, Peletiah, 18 Winne, Gerritt, 29 Winslow, Captain, 49 Winslow, John F. 234, 262 Wood, Ephraim, 244 Wood, E. T. 185 Wood, N. 245 Woodward, M. D., Benjamin, 81 Woodworth, Major John, Jr. 123 Woodworth, Hon. John. 30, 31, 45, 47, 54, 56, 69, 75, 81, 266, 302, 308 Woodworth, Robert, 29, 36, 307 Wool, John, 18 Wool, Gen. John E. 94, 97, 179, 201, 204, 206, 207 227. 230. 235, 253 4oo HISTORY OF THE CITY OF TROY. Wotkyns, Alfred, 164,209, 221, 279 Wright, Goodenow & Stockwell, 83 Wright & Wilbur, 71 Wylie, John, 37 Wynants Kill, II, 261 Yates, John \V. 30 Young, George, 31 Young, Rev. George H. 317, 320 Young, Guilford D. 85 93 Young, H. 31 Young, James, 49, 1 19 Young, John, 18 Young, Samuel, 106 Young, William H. 113, 223, 231, 232, 349. 355 Yvonnet, Francis, 102, 156 Yvonnet, V. Jr. 167 Zander, James A. 97 155, 185 Zouaves, Anderson, 234 Zouaves, Chicago, 227