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CRESCENT CITr ILLUSTRATED. 



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EDITED AND COMPLIED BY 



EDWIN L. JEWELL. 




|fje ^^omm^rcial, |i«tial, jjolitical and mnei[al ijtstorj 



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INCLUDING 



Biographical Sketches of its Distinguished Citizens, 




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Entered, accoivling to A.ct of Congress, irx the year 18T3, 

By Er)^W.IN L. JK^VKLL, 

In the Office of the Lihrarian of Congi-ess, at W^ashington. 



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INTRODUCTION. 

' City in the United States, of equal population^ commercial importance and material ii^ealth, ii 

so little known by the outside world as Hew Orleans. And yet its history, full of romantic incident 

. and legendary lore is in itself sufficient to fill a volume^ whilst its peculiar characteristics, local 

institutions, and singular manners and customs of its people would furnish material for a work of 

larger scope than is designed by the author of this publication. 

It is however, his object and desire to present to the reader, in an attractive and sticcinct form, a 
brief historical outline of the most prominent features that contribute to make the Crescent City 
the great metropolis of the South and South'-West, and prove the intelligence, enterprise and progressive 
spirit of its citizens. It is also his design to produce such a work as will disseminate a more general 
knowledge of the local history of Hew Orleans and will, in a great degree, demonstrate its immense 
resources, advantages and attractions, and at the same time fiirnish such information.as will engage 
the attention of the casual reader and command the serious consideration of capitalists, immigrants 
and the commercial world. 

In the preparation of this volume, comprising as it does, a vast amount of information and a great 
variety of subjects, the author has been materially assisted by the contributions of a number of literary 
friends whose valuable services he desires to publicly acknowledge. The Hon. Charles Gayarre, Prof. D. K. 
Whittaker, Prof. Alex. Dimitry, Hon. Wm. M. Burwell, Albert Fabre, Esq., E. W. Halsey, Esq., Judge Alexander Walker 
and Mr. E. C. Hancock, of the Hew Orleans "Times," and Mr. J. A. Quintero, of the " (Picay:ine," have all 
lent the aid of their graceful pens to the pages of the Crescent City Illustrated. To say tJtat 
all of these gentlemen are recognized as writers of the highest order of literary talent would only be to 
accord them their welUmerited reputation. Extracts also have been made from "Herman's History 
of Hew Orleans f and other volumes have contributed interesting statistics which have been carefully 
compiled and arranged. 

If this volume, prepared with much care and labor, will in any way contribute towards giving 
additional information or throwing more light upon the general history of Hew Orleans and tend to 
remove the unreasonable and unjust prejudices that exist through ignorance of its true character, the 
highest object in view will have beenftdly attained and the richest reward obtained by 



THE AUTHOR. 



New Orleans, Jan. 1st. 1873. 



c:i)e Buccessful anU !)»5!)ls cstcemrt Ittcrctant; 

2ri)C enterprising, literal, anU putlicsspiritetr (Citizen ; 

€;i)e tottotaftle, !)iSl)=tottP^» a«^ eiemplarg J»an ; 

Ci)f generous jprienlJ anb UeboteK Jfatfier mti f^ustanli, 

THIS WORK IS 



(^spifrtfttllg ^<«Iiat*i 



AS AN 

$oidmce of Ippreciaiion of Iruc loraf loctli. and as a lolcn of £raim&ranee 
of years gone ^y so fondfy cnctisnea 

BY 1^EE AVTMOm. 

JiTew Orleans, January, 1873. 



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Slow sweeping from a bleak northwestern clime, 
Where snow-storms beat and forests rise sublime, 
Till, gathering strength, as southward rolls his course, 
To Mexicana's Gulf descends his force; 
Monarch of streams! great Mississippi flows, 
While on his breast the fervid sunbeam flows. 

And, rising near his disemboguing tide. 
The Crescent City sits in queenly pride; 
The spires ascend, a coronet on high, 
Her gardens bloom with every floral dye; 
Her thronging marts a varied croivd display. 
The merchant prince, the dame in rich array. 
The wan=eyed beggar, and the tradesman keen, 
The brisk attorney with his eager mien. 
And sapient age, with tottering step and slow, 
Walks side by side with youth in freshest glow ; 
From different lands collected strangers meet. 
Are borne in cars or move along the street. 

(But white and solemn, midst the ceaseless tread, 
(ki%e, here and there, the dwellings of the dead ! 
Whose peopled mansions never sound repeat, 
Save song-birds' wail, at evening, clear and sweet. 

The floating palace on the grand old stream. 
The thundering iron horse impelled by steam, 
^our in her lap rich treasures from all lands. 
As, Queen of Trade, the Crescent Empress stands! 

J^ew Orleans, January, iSjj. 






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New Orleans, the Metropolis of the South, stands on 
the right side of the Mississippi, in ascending, ninety-two 
miles from its mouth. The river here makes a considerable 
bend to the northeast, and the city occupies the north- 
western side, although its situation is east of the general 
course of the stream. It is in latitude 29° 57 north, longi- 
tude 90° 8 ' west ; by the river 301 miles below Natchez ; 
1220 miles below St. Louis ; 1040 below Cairo, at the mouth 
of the Ohio ; 2004 below Pittsburg ; and 1244 southwest 
from Washington city. 

In 1718, Bienville, then Governor of the province, ex- 
plored the banlts of the Mississippi, in order to choose a 
spot for the chief settlement, which had hitherto been at 
Biloxi. He selected the present site, and left fifty men to 
clear the ground, and erect the necessary buildings. Much 
opposition was made, both by the military and the direct- 
ors of the Western Company, to removing the seat of gov- 
ernment to this place. Another obstacle, for a while, 
threatened almost insurmountable difficulties to his design. 
In 1719, the Mississippi rose to an extraordinary height ; 
and, as the company did not possess sufficient force to pro- 
tect the spot from inundation, by dykes and levees, it was 
for a time abandoned. In the November of 1722, however, 
in pursuance of orders, Delorme removed the principal es- 
tablishment to New Orleans. In the following year, agree- 
ably to Charlevoix, it consisted only of one hundred cabins, 
placed with little order, a large wooden warehouse, two or 
three dwelling-houses, and a miserable store-house, which 
had been used as a chapel, a mere shed being then the only 
accommodation afforded for a house of prayer. The pop- 
ulation did not exceed two hundred. Thus commenced 
what is now called the " Crescent City ; ' which, in a com- 
mercial point of view, and in proportion to the number of 
its inhabitants, has not an equal on the face of the globe. 

During the same year, a party of German emigr.ints, who 
had been disappointed by the financier. Law, of settling on 
lands granted to him in Arkansas, descended the river to 
New Orleans, in the hope of obtaining passage to France ; 
but the government being either unwilling or unable to 
grant it, small allotments of land were apportioned them, 
on what is now called the Geiman Coast. These people 
supplied the city with garden stuffs ; and most of then- de- 
scendants, with large accessions from the old country, still 
cultivate the same land, upon a much improved scale. 

In September of this year, the capital was visited by a 
terrible hurricane, which levelled to the ground the church, 
if such it might be called, the hospital, and thirty houses ; 
and three vessels that lay in the river were driven ashore. 
So destructive was it to the crops and gardens, that a 
scarcity of provisions was the consequence ; and such was 
the distress, that several of the inhabitants seriously 
thought of abandoning the colony. 

In the summer of 1727, the Jesuits and Ursuline nuns 



arrived. The fathers were placed on a tract of land now 
forming the lowest part of the fauxbourg St. Mary. The 
nuns were temporarily lodged in a house in the corner of 
Chartres and Bienville streets — but, soon after, the com- 
pany laid the foundation of the edifice in Cond6 and Ursu- 
line streets, to which they were removed in 1730 ; this 
place was occupied by them until the gi'eat value of the 
land induced them to divide the larger jiortion of it into 
lots. Their new convent was erected about two miles 
below the city, and there they removed in 1824. At this 
period, the council house and jail were built, on the upper 
side of the Cathedral. 

In 1763, Clement XIII expelled the Jesuits from the 
dominions of the kings of France,- Spain and Naples. They 
were, consequently, obliged to leave Louisiana. Their 
property in New Orleans was seized, and sold for about 
one hundred and eighty thousand dollars. At the time 
of the expulsion of this order, they owned the gi'oundg 
which are now occupied by the first District. The valu- 
able buildings in which they dwelt, were situated in 
Gravier and Magazine streets. Some of them were pulled 
down to make room for the late banking-house of the 
Canal bank, on the corner of those streets. It is computed, 
that more than one half of the real estate in this city, is de- 
rived from the confiscation of the property of the Jesuits, 
under legal proceedings had by order of the French gov- 
ernment. The archives of the city contain many intei'- 
esting and cui-ious documents in relation to these pi'o- 
ceedings, that are well worth examination. 

The first visitation of the yellow fever was in 1769. Since 
that time it has continued to be almost an annual visitor. 
It was introduced into this contitent, in the above named 
year, by a Jiritl-ih vessel, from the coast of Afiica, with a 
carrfo of slaves. In addition to this affliction, (the yellow 
fever above alluded to,) the colony was, during the year 
1769, transferred to Spain, and the capital was taken pos- 
session of by O'Reilly, with a show of military power, and 
an individual disposition to oppress, that brought equal 
disgrace upon himself, and upon the government that com- 
missioned him. The commerce of this city suffered very 
much from the resti-ictive colonial system of Spain. This, 
however, was removed in 1778, (a year memorable for a fire 
that burnt nine hundred houses at one time) and, in 1782, 
the mercantile interest of the place was benefited by still 
further extended privileges of trade. 

The census of 1785 gives to the city a population of 
4,780, exclusive of the settlements in the immediate 
vicinity. 

In consequence of the commercial advantages above 
alluded to, a number of merchants from France established 
themselves here, and British trading vessels navigated the 
Mississippi. They were a species of marine pedlers, stop- 
ping to trade at any house, by making fast to a tree, and 



12 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY LLUSTRATED. 



receiving in payment for merchandize, whatever the planter 
had to spare, or giving him long credits. The Americans, 
at that time, commenced the establishment of that trade 
from the west to New Orleans, which has been steadily in- 
creasing ever since. The idea of this traffic was first con- 
ceived by General "Wilkinson. A lucrative business was 
also conducted by the Philadelphians, which the colonial 
authorities winked at for a while ; but the Spanish minis- 
ter, finding that he did not pai-ticipate in the profits of it, 
as the Americans refused to comply with his hints to con- 
sign to his friends, put a stop to it. He procured a list of 
the names of the vessels, severely reprimanded the intend- 
ant, Navarro, and so worked upon his fears that he began 
to prosecute all infi'ingements of the revenue laws, seizing 
the vessels, confiscating the goods and imprisoning the 
owners, captains and crews. The venal minister, perceiv- 
ing that he had rendered himself extremely unpopular by 
his intermeddling with the conmierce between Philadelphia 
and New Orleans, finally released all the individuals he had 
imprisoned, restoring the confiscated property, and discon- 
tinuing any further interference. The trade immediately 
received a new impulse and was greatly increased. Gen- 
eral Wilkinson at the same time obtained permission to 
send one or more launches loaded with tobacco, from Ken- 
tucky. 

Soon after, many Americans availed themselves of a pri- 
vilege which was granted, of settling in the country. 

Tlie first company of French comedians aiTived here in 
1791. They came from Cape Francois, whence they made 
their escape from the revolted slaves. Others from the 
same quarter opened academies — the education of youth 
having hitherto been confined to the priests and nuns. 

The baron Carondelet, in 1792, divided the city into four 
wards. He recommended lighting it, and employing watch- 
men. The revenue did not amount to seven thousand 
dollars, and to meet the chai-ges for the purchases of lamps 
and oil, and to pay watchmen, a tax of one dollar and an 
eighth was levied upon chimneys. 

He also commenced new fortifications around the capital. 
A fort was erected where the mint now stands, and another 
at the foot of Canal street. A strong redoubt was built in 
Rampart street, and at each of the angles of the now city 
proper. The Baron also paid some attention to training 
the militia. In the city, there were four companies of vol- 
unteers, one of artillery, and two of riflemen, consisting of 
one hundred men each, making an aggregate force of 700 
men. 

A great extension was given to business in February of 
this year. The inhabitants were now permitted to trade 
freely in Europe and America, wherever Spain had formed 
treaties for the regulation of commerce. The merchandise 
thus imported, was subject to a duty of fifteen per cent. ; 
and exports to six per cent. With the Peninsula it was 
free. 

In 1795 permission was granted by the king to citizens 
of the United States, diiring a period of Iwa years, to 
deposit merchandise at New Orleans. The succeeding 
year, the city was visited by another conflagration, which 
destroyed many houses. This reduced the tax upon chim- 



neys so much, that recourse was had to assessing wheat 
bread and meat, to defi-ay the expense of the city light and 
watch. 

At the time of the transfer to the United States, the 
public property consisted of two large brick stores, running 
from the levee on each side of Main street, (which were 
burnt in 1822,) — a government house, at the comer of 
Levee and Toulouse streets, (which also suffered a similar 
fate in 1826,) — a military hospital, and a powder magazine, 
on the opposite side of the river, which was abandoned 
some years since — an old frame custom house — extensive 
barracks below those now remaining — ^five miserable 
redoubts, a town house, market house, assembly room and 
prison, a cathedral and presbytery, and a charity hospital. 
At this memorable era, the grounds which now constitute 
that thriving portion of the city, then known as the second 
municipality, were mostly used as a plantation. It was 
the property of a wealthy citizen named Gravier, after 
whom one of the principal streets that runs through the 
property has been called. How has the scene changed ? 
At this moment it contains a population of nearly fifty 
thousand, and has become the centre of the business, and 
enterprise, and beauty of the city. 

In 1804, New Orleans was made a port of entry and de- 
livery, and Bayou St. John a port of delivery. The first 
act of incorporation was granted to the city, by the leg- 
islative council of the territory, in 1805, under the style 
of " the Mayor, Aldermen and inhabitants of the city 
of New Orleans. " The officers were a mayor, a 
recorder, fourteen aldermen and a treasurer. This year a 
branch of the United States Bank was established in this 
capital. 

The population of the city and suburbs in 1810, amounted 
to 24,552 ; having been trebled in seven years, under the 
administration of its new government. The prosperity of 
its trade increased in an equal ratio. 

At that time the city extended no further down than 
Esplanade street, with the exception of here and there a 
villa scattered along the leeve ; nor above, further than 
Canal street, lonless occasionally a house occupj'ing a 
square of ground. A few dwellings had been erected on 
Canal and Magazine streets, but it was considered to be 
getting quite into the country, to go beyond the Polar Star 
Lodge, which was at the comer of Camp and Gravier 
streets. 

There was not then a paved street in the city. The late 
Benjamin Morgan, who, some time after, made the first at- 
tempt, was looked upon as a visionary. The circumstance 
which gave an impulse to improvements in the second mu- 
nicipality, was the erection of the American theatre, on 
Camp street, by James H. Caldwell, Esq., the only access 
to which, for a long time, was over flatboat gunwales. This 
was in 1823 — 4. He was ridiculed for his folly, and deri- 
ded as a madman — but time proved his foresight. He was 
soon followed by a crowd that gave life and energy to that 
section ; and, in a few years, through the enterprise of 
others of a similar spirit, the then subui'b of St. Mary 
reached its present advanced state of elegance and pros- 
perity. 



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JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



15 



The block where the Auctioneer's Exchange has since 
been built, was then occupied by a row of frail wooden 
shanties; and the corner of Royal and Custom house 
streets, where the bank now stands, was tenanted by Scott, 
who furnished food for his hundreds a day directly op- 
posite, and who laid the foundation of his fortune in the 
tenement that was removed to make room for the present 
beautiful edifice. 

ARCHITECTUUE. 

The houses are chiefly constructed with bricks, except a 
few ancient and dilapidated dwellings in the heart of the 
city, and some new ones in the outskirts. Wooden build- 
ings are not permitted to be built, under present regula- 
tions, within what are denominated the fire limits. The 
modern structures, particularly in the First District, are 
generally three and four stories high, and are embellished 
with handsome and substantial granite, marble or iron 
fronts. The public buildings are numerous ; and many of 
them will vie with any of the kind in our sister cities. 

The view of New Orleans from the river, in ascending or 
descend.ng, is beautiful and imposing — seen from the spire 
of St. Patrick's Church, it presents a panorama at 
once magnificent and surprising. In taking a lounge 
through the lower pai-t of the city, the sti'anger finds a 
difficulty in believing himself to be in an Ameiican city. 
The older buildings are of ancient and foreign construction, 
and the manners, customs and language are various — the 
population being composed, in nearly equal proportions, of 
American, French, Creoles, and Spaniards, together with a 
lai'ge portion of Gennans and Irish and a good sprink- 
ling from almost every other nation upon the globe. 

In the summer of 184-1, a fire destroyed about seven 
blocks of buildings between Common and Canal streets, 
near the charity Hospital. The ground has since been 
occupied with much better buildings, and presents a very 
improved appearance. 

POrULATlON, 

The population of New Orleans, after it was ceded to the 
United States, increased very rapidly. At the time of 
the transfer, there were not eight thousand inhabitants. 



In 1810 
1815 
1820 
1825 
1830 
1840 
1850 
1860 
1870 



Ulacks. 
8,001 



19,737 



21,280 



Whites. 
10,551 



21,614 



28,530 

59,il9 

01,431 

149,063 

140,923 



Total. 

24,552 

32,947 

41,350 

45,336 

49,826 

102,191 

119,460 

174,491 

191,413 



and at the present period there are, probably two hundred 
and twenty thousand. During 1844 there were more buildings 
erected than any previous year — notwithstanding which, 
tenements are in great demand, and rents continue high. 

BOARD OF UEALTU. 

The first ordinance for the establishment of a board of 
health in this city, (so far as known,) was passed by the 
general council in June, of 1 v 1. The board consisted of 



nine members — three aldermen, three physicians, and three 
private citizens. It was invested with ample powers to 
adopt and enforce such sanitary regulations as were thought 
conducive to the health of the city. This board performed 
all its functions well during the first year of its existence. 
The second year there was a falling off; but a dissolution 
did not take place till 1843. In 1844, the board of health 
having ceased to officiate, the general council invited the 
medico-chirurgical society to take charge of this duty. 
This proposition was accepted, and a committee of nine mem- 
bers appointed, with full power to act as a board of health. 

SOCIETY. 

Society, as at present constituted in New Orleans, has 
very little resemblance to that of any other city in the 
Union. It is made up of a heterogeneous mixture of 
almost all nations. First, and foremost, is the Creole 
population. All who are born here, come under this desig- 
nation, without reference to the birth place of their parents. 
They form the foundation, on which the superstructui'C of 
what is tenned " society," is erected. They are remarkably 
exclusive in their intercourse with others, and, with 
strangers, enter into business arrangements with extreme 
caution. They were once, and very properly, considered 
as the patricians of the land. But they are not more dis- 
tinguished for their exclusiveness, and pride of family, than 
for their habits of . punctuality, temperance and good 
faith. 

CHARACTER OF THE 1'01'ULATIOX. 

Till about the commencement of the present century, the 
period of the transfer of Louisiana to the United States, 
the Creoles were almost entirely of French and Spanish 
parentage. Now, the industrious Gei'mans, the shrewd 
and persevering Irishmen, are beginning to be quite numer- 
ous, and many of them have advanced to a condition of 
wealth and respectability. 

Next come the emigrants from the sister States, from the 
mighty west, from the older sections of the south, and (last 
not least) from the colder regions of the north, the enter- 
prising, calculating, hardy Yankee. 

Then come the nondescript watermen. Our river steam 
navigation, averaging, during half the year, some three 
hundred arrivals per month, fui'nishes a class of fifteen thou- 
sand men, who have few if any parallels in the world. The 
numberless flatboats that throng the levees for an immense 
distance, ai'e peopled and managed by an amphibious race 
of luunan beings, whose mode of living is much like that of 
the alligator, with whom they ironically claim relationship, 
but who cai'iy under their rough exterior and uncouth 
manners, a heart as generous and noble as beats in any 
human breast. They are the children of the Mississippi, 
as the Arabs are of the great desert, and, like them, 
accustomed to encounter danger in eveiy shape. Combin- 
ing all ttie most striking peculiarities of the common sailor, 
the whaleman, the backwoodsman, and the Yankee, with- 
out imitating, or particularly resembling any one of them, 
they are a class entirely by themselves, unique, eccentric, 
original, a distinct and unmistakeable featui'e in the float- 



16 



JEWELS CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



ing mass that swamis on the levees, and treads the streets, 
of the Cresent City. 

Among them may be found the representatives of nearly 
all the states. Some are descendants of the Pilgrims, and 
have carried with them the industrious habits, and the 
strict moral principles, of their Puritan forefathers, into 
the wilds of the West. They are all active, enterprising, 
fearless, shrewd, independent, and self-sufficient, and often 
aspiring and ambitious, as our halls of legislation, and om' 
business circles can testify. They are just the stuff to lay 
the broad foundations of freedom in a new country-^able 
to clear the forest, and till the soil, in time of peace, to de- 
fend it in war, and to govern it at all times. 

SOCI.VL CH.iRACTERISTICS. 

Of the two hundred and fifty thousand souls, who now 
occupy this capital, about twenty thousand may be esti- 
mated as migratory. These are principally males, engaged 
in the various departments of business. Some of them 
have families at the North, where they pass the summer. 
Many are bachelors, who have no home for one half the 
year, and, if the poets are to be believed, less than half a 
home for the remainder. As these two classes of migratory 
citizens, who live at the hotels and boarding-houses, em- 
brace neai'ly, if not quite, one third the business men of the 
city, it may serve to some extent, to accout for the seem- 
ingly severe restrictions by which the avenues to good 
native society ai'e protected. Unexceptionable character, 
certified beyound mistake, is the only passport to the 
domestic circle of the Creole. With such credentials their 
hospitality knows no limits. The resident Americans are 
less suspicious in admitting you to their hospitality, though 
not more liberal than their Creole neighbors, when once 
their confidence is secui'ed. 

The restrictions thus thrown around society, and the 
great difficulty which the new comer experiences in secur- 
ing a shai'e in those social enjoyments to which he has been 
accustomed in other places, have had an unfavorable effect 
upon the morals of the place. Having no other resource 
for pastime, when the hours of business are over, he flies 
to such public entertainments as the city affords. And if 
these are not always what they should be, it behooves us 
to provide better. Public libraries, reading rooms, galle- 
ries for the exhibition of the fine arts, lyceums for lectures, 
and other kindred rational amusements, would do much to 
establish a new and better order, and to break down those 
artificial barriers, which separate so many refined and pui'e 
minded men from the pleasiu-es and advantages of general 
society, condemning them to live alone and secluded, in 
the midst of all that is lovely and attractive in the social 
relations of life. 

HEALTH OF THE CITY. 

The character of New Orleans, in respect to health, has 
been much and unjustly abused. At the north, in ratio to 
their population, the consumption annually destroys more 
than the yellow fever of the south. Patients with pulmonary 
complaints, resort to these latitudes for relief, where such 
diseases are otherwise rarely known. In truth, this capital 



shows a more favorable bill of mortality, than any seaport 
town in the United States. 

MORALS. 

There is little to be said in favor of the morals of New 
Orleans, during the first few years after its cession. Report 
made them much worse than they were. As the commu- 
nity was composed of some of the worst classes of society, 
gathered from every region under the sun, nothing very 
good was to be expected. But circumstances have changed. 
A system of wholesome police regulations has been intro- 
duced and enfoi'ced, which has either brought the desper- 
ate and the lawless under subjection, or expelled them from 
the community. By reference to the statistics of crime, in 
other commercial cities in proportion to the number of in- 
habitants, the stranger will be convinced that this City has 
reason to be proud of her standing. Personal security in the 
public streets, at all hours, is never endangered — and 
females may venture out after dark, without a protector, 
and be free from insult and molestation. 

THE PROFESSIONS. 

The learned professions here, generally, stand pre- 
eminently high. The science of medicine may boast of a 
talent and a skill, that would confer honor upon any city 
in the Union — and the few empirics that disgrace the prac- 
tice, are so well known,that the evil is circumscribed within 
very narrow limits. The clergy are proverbial for their 
learning and eloquence — and the same remarks will apply 
with equal force to members of the bar. 

PUBLIC LIBRARY. 

This city, at the preSfent time, possesses no public library. 
Considering the population, and their ability, this must be 
regarded as a blot upon the intelligence of its citizens. 
This is completely a commercial community, however, and 
money is the universal ambition. Thence springe that ac- 
knowledged deficiency in literature and the fine arts, ob- 
servable to the stranger. But shall it still remain? le 
there no Girard — no Astor — among our millionaires, who 
will leave behind them a monument which shall make 
their names dearer and more honored in all coming time, 
than those of heroes and conquorers ? 

SOCIETIES. 

The Masonic fraternity in New Oi'leans appears to enjoy 
all their ancient privileges. There are some sixty-five lodges, 
besides a grand lodge and an encampement. Here is a large 
number of the order of Odd Fellows, and one of Equal 
Fellows — a Typographical Union, and Mechanics, 
Hibernian, St. Andrews, Gei-man, and Swiss societies. 
These are all, more or less, of a benevolent nature ; and 
within their own circles, have all been extremely service- 
able. 

THE MISSISSIPPI. 

The navigation of the Mississipi, even by steamboats, in 
1818, was extremely tedious. The Etna is recorded as ar- 
riving at Shipping port, a few miles below Louisville, in 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




DB. WARREX STONE. 



JEWELL'S ORESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 







HTDES-V^r OfLILiES.^.Xia'S. 



United States Depositoff & Financial Agenl, 



OmCEI^S: 



JOSEPH H, OGLESBY, President, 

A. LURIA, Cashier. 



r>II?,ECTOR.S: 



J. F. D. LANIER, W. A. JOHNSON. 

J. N. LEA, T. L. AIREY, 

JULIUS VAIRIN, W. J. FRIERSON, 

JOSEPH H. OGLESBY. 



Iiicorf>orated, December 30th., 1865. 



Commenced Business, January 18th, 1866. 



CAPITAL STOCK, $1,000,000. 



Mmp& m FwMm^ $M&9 Q/QB* 



Total Not EarningB, Oommencement of Business. [eJclnBhe of taxes] to 
July 1,1872. $712,272,37. 

Total Dividendi, Commenoement of Business, [exclusive of taxes] to 
Julv 1, 1872, $530,000. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



19 



thirty-two days. The Governor Shelby in twenty-ttco days, 
was considered as a remark.ibly short passage. An her- 
maphrodite brig was seventy one days from New Orleans — 
and a keel boat one hundred and one ; the latter to Louis- 
ville. Now the time occupied iafoitr io five days. 

During the business season, which continues from the 
first of November to July, the levee, to the extent of five 
miles, is crowded with vessels of all sizes, but more espec- 
ially ships, from every part of the world — with hundreds 
of immense floating castles and palaces, called steamboats ; 
and barges and flatboats innumerable. ' No place can 
present a'more busy, bustling scene. The loading and un- 
loading of vessels and steamboats — the transportation, by 
some three thousand drays, of cotton, sugar, tobacco and the 
various and extensive produce of the great West, strikes 
the stranger with wonder and admii'ation. The levee and 
piers that range along the whole length of the city, ex- 
tending back on an average of some two hundred feet, are 
continually covered with moving merchandize. This was 
once a pleasant promenade, where the citizen enjoyed his 
delightful morning and evening walk ; but now there is 
scarcely room amid hogsheads, boxes and bales, for the 
business men to crowd along, without a sharp lookout for 
his personal safety. 

COMMERCIAL EMPOUITJM. 

The position of New Orleans, as a vast commercial em- 
porium, is unrivalled — as will be seen by a single glance at 
the map of the United States. As the depot of the West, 
and the half-way house of foreign trade, it is almost im- 
possible to anticipate its futvu-e magnitude. 

Take a view, for instance, of the immense regions known 
under the name of the Mississippi valley. Its boundaries 
on the West are the Rocky Mountains, and Mexii.'.o ; on the 
South, the Gulf of Mexico ; on the East the Alleghany 
mountains; and, on the North,'the Lakes and British pos- 
sessions. It contains nearly as many square miles, and 
more tillable ground, than all continental Eui'ope, and, if 
peopled a.s densely as England, would sustain a population 
of five hundred millions — more than half of the present in- 
hal)itaiits of the earth. Its surface is generally cultivable, 
and its soil rich, with a climate varying to suit all pro- 
ducts, for home consumption or a foreign market. The 
Mississippi is navigable twenty-one hundred miles — passing 
a small portage three thousand may be achieved. It em- 
braces the productions of many climates, and a mining 
country abounding in coal, lead, iron and copper ore, all 
in veins of wonderful richness. The -Missouri stretches 
thirty-nine hundred miles to the Great Falls, among the 
Flat Foot Indians, and five thousand miles from New Or- 
leans. The Yellow Stone, navigable for eleven hundred 
miles, the Platte for sixteen hundred, and the Kansas for 
twelve hundred, are only tributaries to the latter river. 
The Ohio is two thousand miles to Pittsburgh, receiving 
into her bosom from numerous streams, the products of 
Ni'w York, Pennylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, Western Vir- 
ginia, Teunesee, Indiana, and Illinois. The Arkansas, Big 
Black, Yazoo, Red River, and many others, all pouring 
their wealth into the main artery, the Mississippi, upon 
whose mighty current it floats down to its gi-and reservoir-. 
New Orleans. 



ALGIERS 



DKT DOCKS. 



For the repair of shipping and river craft, our port is 
supplied with several extensive dry docks along the 
Algiers Lovoe 

XHB OCEAN DOCK. 

This is located near the landing of the First and Second 
District ferryboats at Bartholomew street. It is 203 feet 
long in the clear and 60 feet beam, with capacity for a ship 
of a thousand tons, 225 feet keel and drawing fifteen feet. 
For the service of the dock there is a steam saw mill, and 
a smith's shop is also attached. The number of mechanics 
and laborers employed dm-ing a busy season is from fifty 
to one hundred. The officers of the Ocean Dock company 
for 1872 were Messrs. Spencer Field, President and Treas- 
urer, J. B. Williams, Secretary and F. G. Mackie and J. F. 
Follett, Managers. 

THE MARINE DOCK. 

T'lis adjoins the Ocean Dock below, and has a front of 
500 feet by 2.50 feet deep. It has capacity for a ship of 
1600 tons. The two Peruvian Monitors were recently re- 
paired in this dock. The officers of the company are 
Messrs. S. Hopkins, Jr., President ; C. E. Morrison, Sec- 
retary and J. Geddes, Treasurer. 

THE VALLETTE DOCK. 

This is located at the foot of Vallette street, a block 
below the landing of the Third District ferry. It has a 
frontage of about 100 feet on Patterson street, with a 
depth of 200 feet to the river. The dock is 315 feet long 
by 84 feet beam, with capacity for the largest ships that 
come into -this port. It employs a blacksmith shop and a 
saw miU, with several gangs of saws. From 75 to 150 men 
axe employed in ship building and repairing. The dock is 
owned by a joint stock company, under the special man- 
agement of Messrs. Fi'ancois Vallette and Octave F. Val- 
ette, Paul Fouchy, President ; and Roger T. Boyle, 
Secretary. 

THE GOOD INTENT DRY DOCK. 

This is located just above the Algiers landing of the 
Canal street ferry. The grounds of the company have a 
river frontage of one and a half squares and a depth of 150 
feet. The dock measures 200 feet in length by 50 feet in 
breadth inboard. The works employ, from 60 to 100 men. 
The afiairs of the company are managed by iova directors, 
the present being Mes:-rs. S. Hopkins, Jr., G. Busing, Her- 
mann Schroedor, Ser-rctary, and John H. Reiners. 



The manufacture of \op. in New Orleans, is now sneeersr-- 
fully and profitably carried on. A view of the works is to 
be found on another page, and wUi give some idea of the 
extensive scale on which the business is conducted. 



20 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




HON. CHARLES GAYARRl^:. 



This distinguished Louisiauiaii, whose historical and 
literary labors have made his name familiar to the literati 
of this countiy and of Europe, was born in New Orleans 
in 1801. He is of mixed Spanish and Freni-h descent, 
his patei'nal ancestoi', Don Estebau tiayarre, having come 
here in ITIJIJ with Governor Ulloa as (Joiitad or Comp- 
troller of the province of Louisiana, which had just then 
been ceded by France to Spain. His grand-mother in the 
female line was the daughter of Destiehaii, who, for a long 
time, had been the treasui-er of the colony under the 
French, and his maternal grand-father was Etienne Bore, 
who was the first to make sugar in Louisiana in 1795, and 
was Mayor of New Orleans under the French Rejmblic in 
181):!. Among his ancestoi-s were also the Orandpi'es who 
were the companions of Bienville and Iberville, and whose 
descendants occupied Important military positions under 
the French and Spanish dominions. Charles Gayarre was 
educated at the " (^'ollege d'0rl6aus" then conducted by 
Lakanal, the celebrated member of the Fi-euch Convention, 
who was then an exile in Louisiana. In this college some 
of the most distinguished men of this state received their 
diplomas. In 1 8"2(i, Mr. Gayarre went to Philadelphia and 
studied law in the office of William Rawle, then at the head 
of the bar of that city and well known as the author of an 
excellent work on the constitution of the United States. 
In ]8'29 the subject of this sketch was admitted to the bar, 
and in 1830 he returned to Louisiana, where he published, 
in French, an " Historical Essay on Louisiana." In the 
same year, he was almost unanimously elected to the State 
Legislature, and was chosen by that body to write the com- 
plimentary address sent by them to the French people on 
the occasion of the Revolution of 1830. He was appointed 
assistant Attorney General in 1831, and two years later, he 
was calleil to the office of presiding judge of the City Court 



of New Orleans. In 1835, although he was a Demoera 
and the Whigs had a majority of the legislature, Mr. Ga; 
arre was elected to the Senate of the U. S. for six vear 
three of his political opponents having voted for him. Ui 
fortunately the wretched condition of Mr. Gayaire's heal1 
prevented him from taking his seat, and in obedience to tl 
advice of his physicians, he had to go to Europe, where 1 
remained until the cud of 1843. Shortly after his retuj 
he was elected to the legislature from the city of N. O., ai 
carried several important measiu-es, among others a bill 
provide for the liabilities of the State, whereby a reductit 
of two millions and a half of the State debt was etfect( 
. duiing Gov. Mouton's administration. Having been r 
elected in 1846, he accepted the office of Secretary of Sta 
tendered to him by Gov. Isaac J ohnson, an office of vei 
great impt)rtance and responsibility at the time, as in adt 
tion to his othei' duties, the Secretary of State was ex ojfic 
Superintendent of Public Education, and constituted joint 
with the State Tieasurer, the ''Board of Currency." In tl: 
laborious position, the multifarious duties of which he di 
charged with great benefit to the State, Mr. Gayarre r 
mained till 1853, having been re-appointed by Govern 
Walker in 1850. During that period, Mr. Gayarre pu 
lished in two volumes a " History of Louisiana," in tl 
French language, and in which all the most interesting ai 
cui'ious documents he had collected from the archives 
France were textually reproduced. He also publisln 
through Harper & Co., of New York, a series of lectur 
in English under the title of the " Romance of the Histo: 
of Louisiana." 

The State library of Baton Rouge, with its valuable hi 
torical works and documents collected by Mr. Gayar 
during his seven years term of office, was almost total 
destroyed during the wai-. A few yeais before tliat evei 
Mr. Gayarr6 had succeeded in obtaining from the Spani 
government important dociunents from the aichives 
the Kingdom, the substance of which he embodied in I 
" History of Louisiana," in thi-ee volumes, octavo, embra 
iag the French, Spanish and American r^>giiues, from tl 
earliest settlement of the colony to the year ISdl — a woi 
which may justly be considered as the most valuable co 
tribution ever made to the history of our State. This woi 
has already passed through sevei'al editions. After a bri 
connection with the American or Know-nothing part 
which he left at once when his etl'orts to strike out the an 
catholic plank of their platform proved unavailing, and j 
unsuccessful rvm for Congress as an independent candidal 
Mr. Gayai-re supported the candidacy of Piesident Piei-i 
and his name was pi'ominently mentioned in connecti( 
with the Mission to Spain on the accession of the new a 
ministration. That appointment, however, having bei 
first tendered to Senator Soule, Mr. Marcy, then Secreta 
of State, ofiFered to Mr. Gayarre the position of Assista 
Secretary, just then created, and in which his extensi 
knowledge of Eui-opean affairs and fine linguistic attai 
ments would have proved eminently useful to the Admi 
istration. His offer, however, was declined by Mr. Ga 
arre. In 1861, Mr. Gayai-re, having been called upon f 
his views on the right of Secession, addressed an immen 
meeting of citizens at Odd Fellows' Hall, taking a stroi 



ibei'j 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



23 



State rights view of the subject. During the war, Mr. 
GayaiT6 advocated the arming of the slaves and the oon- 
chxsion of a treaty with England and France recognizing 
the independence of the Southern Confedet-acy on the basis 
of a gradual emancipation of the African race. In 1866, 
when Louisiana was presumed to be reconstructed, Mr. 
Gayarr^'s name was put forward by his friends in the Leg- 
islature, and came within a few votes of obtaining the honor 
of an election to the United States Senate — Messrs. Randal 
Hunt and G. Williamson, his successful competitors, having 
been denied admittance to that body. Since the war, Mr. 
Gayarr6, besides the last volume of his great historical 
work on Louisiana, has published a ^^History of Philip II," 
of Spain — a work of gi'eat research and sound historical 
philosophy and a novel based on the early history of Louisi- 
ana, ^'■Fernanilo de, I/irnos" which has elicited great pi'aise 
fi'om all the literary joui'nals of the country. He is now pre- 
paring for publication, another historical novel, "Aubert 
Dubayet," in which the hero goes through the American 
Revolution of 1776 and the French revolution of 1789. It 
will doubtless prove highly interesting, and give ample 
scope to the writer's wide field of information and fertility 
of conception. 

HON. MILES TAYLOR. 



This gentleman, who is one of the best civil lawyers in 
this State, was born in New York about sixty years ago. 
He is small of stature, gi'aj' hau'ed, fair complexioned and 
Vnight eyed. 

When quite young he came to this State and devoted 
his attention to the study of the law. He passed an excel- 
lent examination before the Supreme Coui't, and obtained 
his license to practice. As Mr. Taylor had previously 
studied pharmacy, old .ludge Ilsley with naivete said at the 
time of his admission to the bar, that Mr. Taylor would be 
unrivaled in bringing an apothecary (hypothecary) action. 

Mr. Taylor has proved to be one of our most eminent 
lawyers. He is certainly a gentleman of vast talents, pro- 
foundly read in law, and trained to grapple closely with 
every question. He is distinguished for gi-ace and ease of 
manner, and for happy and polished address. 

He exerts gi'eat influence on the mind and affection of 
those who know him. 

He is a good speaker, clear and correct in diction. 
Endowed by natui'e with a quick and vigorous understand- 
ing, his arguments are vivid, and he shows in all the cases 
intrusted to him, honesty of purpose, earnestness and 
faithfulness. Even at his advanced age he is most diligent 
and attentive to business. 

Mr. Taylor has represented Louisiana in the Congress of 
the United States when that body contained the most 
brilliant airay of ability ever seen in any deliberate assem- 
bly. He there distinguished himself as a polished debater, 
achieved a high position, and stood on the same plane as 
the most prominent stateman who adorned the halls of the 
National Leffislatiu-e. 



The St. Mary's Market fronts on Tchoupitoulas street 
and runs to New Levee. It was completed in 1836 in the 
rusticated Doric order at a cost of about 848,000. 




MAYOR JOHN L. LEWIS. 



Of all the members of the old population of New Orleans, 
there is no one who is Ijetter known, and more universally 
esteemed by all classes, than the subject of this sketch. 
John Lawson Lewis is the son of Judge Lewis, who was 
appointed to the Supreme Bench of the then Territoi-y of 
Orleans by Thomas Jefferson, immediately after the pur- 
chase of Louisiana from France. Mr. Lewis was then only 
three years old, and was brought up at the school of Mr. 
D'Ht'becourt, on the old Bayou Road, where he had for his 
schoolmates many of the Creoles who afterward took a 
leading part in the politics of the State, and afterward com- 
pleted his studies at the Academy of the Rev. James F. 
Hull, on Canal street. In 1819, young Lewis left school 
and read law under his father, entering shortly after the 
office of Martin Gordon, Sr., then Chief Clerk of the First 
District Court, to which position he succeeded upon the 
ignation of Mr. Gordon, in 1826. In 18-12, John L. 
Lewis was unanimously elected Commanding General of 
the First Division of the Louisiana Militia, an office for 
which he was peculiarly lilted by his previous military 
training and his great personal influence, and to which he 
was invariable re-elected without the shadow of an (oppo- 
sition. In 1845, he ran as an independent candidati' for 
the Shrievalty of the Parish of Orleans, and though op- 
posed by several of our most popular citizens, was returned 
at the head of the poll. So ably did he administer the 
office, that on three successive occasions he was re-elected 
by handsome majorities, sometimes in the face of a for- 
midable party opposition, and when, some years later, an 
effort was made to defeat the hitherto invincible A. D. 
Grossman, Gen. Lewis accepted the nomination of the 
Democratic Party for the Mayoralty, and although the 
ticket upon which he ran was beaten, so great was his per- 
sonal popularity that he was returned over his competitor 



24 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



by a small majority. When the war broke out Gen. Lewis, 
although not liable to military service, promptly offered 
hie sword to the Confederate Government, and served 
throughout the war with great gallantry and distinction in 
the Trans-Mississippi Department. As a public officer, 
Gen. Lewis has always maintained the reputation of an 
able, courteous and incorruptible public servant. A high- 
toned, affable gentleman, ever generous and open-handed 
whenever his means allowed him to indulge the wai'm im- 
pulses of his nature, few men of his generation can claim 
a larger circle of attached friends, or after occupying so 
many responsible positions, are able to exhibit more unex- 
ceptionable record than John L. Lewis. 

The following letter, written by Gov. H. W. Allen to 
Gen. Lewis, soon after the battle of Mansfield, shows the 
high estimation in which Gen. Lewis's services were held 
by that distinguished official : — 

SnuEVKi'OKT. La.. April 27. 1864. 
Gkn. Lewis : 

My Dear Sir. — 1 have just heard Irom you through Mr. Wag- 
1H1-. I am rejoiced to hear that you are doing well. I sent my 
Surgeon-General down to take care of you. He reported that you 
were doing well. 

Keceive my thanks, my dear sir. and the thanks of Louisiana for 
vour gallant "conduct on"the battle-field of one of the best fought 
battles of this war. If you visit Shreveport do not fail to call on 
me. I shall be glad to receive )ou at the Executive Mansion and 
extend all the courtesy due a brave patriot and gallant soldier. 
Very truly your obedient servant. 
(Signed.) Henry W. Ai.len. Gov. Louisiana. 

To Gen. .John L. Lewis, Mansfield. La. 

ROBERT' MOTT ESQ. 

Is a native of Baltimore, Md., of fair complexion, classi- 
cal features, of commanding appearance and about fifty- 
seven years of age. He is open and above everything like 
dissimulation, warmly affectionate and steadfast in friend- 
ship. 

As a lawyer, the clearness of his statement presents at 
once a picture to the mind. In his arguments he appeals 
forcibly to strict reason, and his tone, though deferential 
and courtly, is manly. He indulges very sparingly in 
declamation. 

He is one of the best civil, commercial and chancery 
lawyers in this State, with an uncommon capacity for 
effective and untiring industry. His legal studies have 
been comprehensive. He writes with great facility and 
cleverness, exhibiting philosophical research and maturity 
of judgment. 

Sevei'al years ago, he served as a member in the State 
Legislature of Louisiana with much ability. After our 
late war, he went to Europe and visited the principal cities 
of the Old World. 

Mr. Mott is now in the full vigor of all his faculties, ac- 
tive in his movements and in tiu-ning off business with as 
much ease as when he entered public life thirty years ago. 
He is kindly in his disposition, so as to devote some of his 
time and resources to making others happy — domestic and 
affectionate in his habits, and religious without intolerance. 

He is a cautious and safe counselor, a diligent man of 
business, punctual to his appointments, regular in the dis- 
tribution of his time, never suffering pleasure or distraction 
of any kind to interfere with his duties. 




JOSEPH H. OGLESBY 



Is DESCENDED from Scottish ancestry. His father, the 
Rev. .Joseph Oglesby, D.D., was born in West Moreland, 
Virginia, the native county of Washington and Lee. His 
mother, Elizabeth Hite, was bom in the Valley of the 
Shenandoah. His grandfather removed to Kentucky, and 
the father and mother of Mr. Oglesby subsequently re- 
moved from Kentucky to Madison, in Indiana, at which 
place the subject of this sketch was born September 14, 
1822. In 1839, Mr. Oglesby came to New Orleans, and was 
employed as a clerk in the house of Hyde & Comstock, 
Poydras street. In the year 1842, Mr. Comstock retired, 
and at the early age of twenty, Mr. Oglesby became a 
partner in the Western produce commission house of Hyde 
& Oglesby. The house did a large and profitable busine-ss, 
and upon the withdrawal of Mr. Hyde, was continued un- 
der the style of Oglesby & McCauIay, which was a leading 
house in the Western trade, at the declaration of civil hos- 
tilities in 1861. 

Upon the termination of the war, Mr. Oglesby resumed 
business under his own name, in the same street in which 
he has been engaged in the same trade for a perit)d of 
about thirty years. Perhaps few cities have tuidergone 
the same mutations of commerce within the same period. 
An inspection of the Directory of 1856, shows that of about 
300 firms engaged in the commission business at that date, 
only eleven exist at present under the same style, while 
very few of the members who composed these firms arc in 
bua*iness at all. To have pursued the same business, in the 
same community, amid such vicissitudes of commerce, and 
for so long a period, displays a sound texture of character 
and systematic business habits. After a period of mercan- 
tile probation so long and so successful, it was nattiral that 
Mr. Oglesby should have been promoted to the charge of 
the associated interests of his fellow merchants. The 
highest and most disinterested evidence of commercial ap- 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




WM. H. BELL, ESQ., 



CITY SURVEYOR. 



IW 



1^3 




JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



27 



' preciation was, of coui-se, his election as President of the 
Chamber of Commerce, in which office he is now serving 
his second term. 

In 1869, he was elected President of the Louisiana 
National Bank, one of our largest financial institutions. 
As we believe much of the capital stock has been sub- 
scribed abroad, the appointment shows that the reputation 
of Mr. Oglesby is appreciated by other commercial com- 
munities besides his own. In the same year he was chosen 
Presideht of the Commercial Insurance Company, of New 
Orleans. He was also tendered, at the same period, the 
office of Mayor of the City of New Orleans, and was 
solicited by citizens, without distinction of party, to accept 
it. This important position he was, after much delibera- 
tion and in consequence of official and domestic obliga- 
tions, compelled to decline. The discharge of the trusts 
accepted by Mr. Oglesby with the superintendence and 
consultations of his own commercial house demands very 
unusual faculties. It requires moreover that extended 
experience which, by knowing and being known to the 
men and commerce of a community, assures accuracy and 
dispatch of administration. Nothing except the combina- 
tion of these qualities could enable Mr. Oglesby to wielil 
the vast and complicated duties so conferred upon him. 
This, however, he seems .to do with comparative ease. He 
has even, by dint of systematic organization and judicious 
choice of subordinates, been enabled to spare extended 
portions of the years 1869-70-71 to be devoted to a tour in 
Europe. In addition to the ediication of his children and 
the care of the health of Mrs. Oglesby, he has thus had an 
opportunity to observe the commercial and social systems 
of other countries. It may be mentioned at this point that 
Mr. Oglesby married Miss Margaret Hendricks. This es- 
timable lady died August 24, 1871, at Paris, France, leaving 
to her afflicted husband the comparative consolation of a 
family of interesting and well-reared children. 

Mr. Oglesby has been enabled by his experience at home 
and his observations abroad to render to New Orleans in- 
valuable services toward the restoration of her commerce. 
The extraordinary result to which we have adverted else- 
sewhere, by which an artificial system of t:fansportation 
has wrested from New Oileans so much of her natural and 
immediate territory, has compelled her to adopt a counter- 
vailing economy and dispatch in conducting the trade of 
this debateable region ; no one has been niore sagacious 
than Mr. Oglesby in perceiving this inevitable conflict, or 
more prompt in adopting a counteracting commercial 
strategy. The ancient mode of receiving, storing, and for- 
ward) ng by produce sail vessels, no longer met the demands 
of the interior. Even a port of the cotton crop immedi- 
ately fidjacent to our market began to feel the influence of 
these competing facilities. The Western surplus of provi- 
sions once exclusively exported, foreign and coastwise, 
through our port, was taken across direct to Eastern Atlan- 
tic ports for exportation, while the European imports, con- 
sumed in the interior, took the same route. This formidable 
invasion rendered necessary the construction of new and 
the extension of incomplete railroads into Louisiana, 
Texas, and Mexico. It also requii-ed improved facilities 



of importation and transmission of goods in bond. It was 
also necessary to establish close connection between the 
rail and river, with all other facilities for protection and 
dispatch of commodities in transit, as employed by our 
competitors elsewhere. 

It became necessary to establish a cheap and certain 
transportation by river barges,, the storage, transfer, and 
shelter of bulk grain and other products by elevator, with 
an organization of ocean steam line adequate to the dis- 
patch of oui' staple crops, and other commerce. To each 
and all of these Mr. Oglesby has given the influence of his 
approbation and the aid of his capital. It is under such 
auspices that New Orleans bids fair to replace the com- 
merce of which she has been despoiled, with an infinitely 
greater, for which she can never fear a rival. In enumer- 
ating the men who have contributed signally to maintain 
and advance the commercial destinies of oui- city, it is our 
duty to assign a most prominent position to Joseph H. 
Oglesby, Esq. With unimpaired health and energies, and 
enlarged capacity for continued usefulness, we may enjoy 
the benefit of his counsel and action until the crisis of 
commercial competition shall have passed from New 
Orleans, and the object of her restoration efiected. 



THOMAS H. KENNEDY, ESQ. 



Judge Thomas H. Kejtnedt is an eminent jiirist and a 
man of unblemished honor. 

He was born in New Orleans, and is now nearly fifty 
yeai's olJ He is of slight but manly form, black haired, 
with high and broad forehead and eagle eyes. 

•He js thoroughly acquainted with the ancient and mod- 
ern writers, and speaks several foreign languages fluently. 

With culture, a keen intellect and much force of character, 
he is always prepared for a full discharge of his duties. 

The genial current of his soul is not frozen by calculat- 
ing policy. He loathes the cold and sordid propensity of 
clinging to power so epidemic in our day. 

Endowed with the highest faculties of the understanding, 
despising all the surface accomplishments that dazzle the 
vulgar, he has an immovable fortitude in all those situa- 
tions in which hijman weakness is most apt to yield. 

His devotion to the maintenance of principle is embel- 
lished by modesty. These rare qualities are not only worthy 
of admiration, but of imitation in this degenerate age. 

This true and worthy gentleman acts always so as to sat- 
isfy his own conscience. How very few like him ! 

Judge Kennedy is not only a man of firm mind and 
steadily fixed principles, but he is also a person of great 
accomplishments and excellent abilities as a lawyer. 

Educated in the study of the civil law at one of our best 
colleges, he resided long enough in Europe to perfect his 
learning in all the ordinary branches of education. 
Those of our readers who are personally acquainted with him 
will bear me witness that he is the most impretending of men. 
His abilitirs and virtues make him an ornament of society. 

He was for many years before our late war Judge of the 
Third District Court. At that time it was a high honor 
to occupy such a position, because the judicial ermine was 
then kept in all its purity. Since then how many changes ! 



28 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



LA. EQUITABLE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. 



NEW ORLEANS GAS-LIGHT COMPANY. 



The business of Life Insurance in this country is of such 
recent gi-owth that few people appreciate its importance 
and greatness. Beginning only about a quarter of a cen- 
tury ago fi'om the most slender foundation it has grown into 
mammoth proportions. The combined a.ssets of the va- 
rious companies is estimated to exceed $'250,000,000 with an 
amount of insurance at risk exceeding SS,0(iO,(tOO,(M)0. 
The annual income exceeds a hundred millions of dollars. 
The influence of these corporations outside of the good they 
do to the widows and oi'phans of deceased policy holders, 
is paramount in every place that they are located. Their 
funds requiring pi-ompt and speedy investment furnish 
means for commeicial and industrial enterprises that 
otherwise might not have l>een initiated. 

It was plamly seen after the wai- that one of the sru'est 
ways of rebuilding the prosperity of the South was the es- 
tablishment of Home Life Insurance Cos. It was with this 
view that in the yeai' isGs a number of the most prominent 
gentlemen in New Orleans formed the Louisiana Equitable 
Life Insurance Co. under the management of .Joseph Elli- 
son Esq. an old time meichant of this city and one of its 
best known citizens as President, and Wm. P. Harper as 
Secretary ,the Company began its careei' and uotwilhstanding 
the ojjposition it met with it steadily kept tm its way, daily 
adding to its list of customers, and finding fresh favoi' in 
the eyes of the community and pai'ticularly of those who 
felt it their interest and duty to supjjort Home Ins^jtuticras. 
In the latter part of 1870 the official stafl' of the Company 
was increased by the appointment of Mr. Wm. C. Robbins 
as Manager of Agencies. Mr. Robbins' long experience in 
the business was of great value to the Company, and under 
his intelligent management itN business grew i-apidl} and 
was extended into the adjacent states. In September 1><7'2, 
owing to the resignation of Messrs. Ellison and Harper, 
Mr. James H. Low, fonnerly of the finn of Wood & Low, 
and Wm. Henderson, Esq., were respectively elected to 
the positions of President and Seci'etary. These gen- 
tlemen, in conjunction with Mr. Robbins have, l>y their 
earnest effoi-ts, placed the Company in a position woi'thy of 
the city that gave it birth. The Board fit Directors are 
composed of the first business men of the city. Their 
names are known throughout the whole cciuntiy and give 
it a staruling wherever it may be intiodin-ed. The Company 
has, by its promptness in settlement of claims, and the 
liberality of its plans earned a well-deserved I'eputation 
and it would be safe to prophesy that the day is not far 
distant when the Louisiana Equitable Life will staml among 
the foremost companies of the countiy. 



Tivoi.i CiiKi.K is an unornamented public ground, cir- 
cular in form and about 150 yards in diametpi'. It is sur- 
rounded by a wide pavement and is enclosed in an iron rail- 
ing with four gate-wa) s. The circle is capable of s\ich 
improvement as will add greatly to the attractiveness of 
the locality an<l to the comfort of citizens. From this 
point St. (,'harles street expands to double its width below 
the circle antl becomes a broad and magnificent avenue. 
The New Masonic Temple, the Temple Sinai and the resi- 
dence of Andrew Smith Esq overlook this Cu-cle. 



In IH'2'2, when Baltimore was the only American city 
lighted by gas, James H. Caldwell, Esq., an enterprising 
citizen of New Orleans, constructed works here for lighting 
his theati-e, the old American. A gas company was 
fomied in 1 S29, but failing in compliance with the tei-ms of 
its charter, it was soon dissolved. In 1 x:!S ;Mr. Caldwell 
obtained a charter, and in the face of many difficulties, and 
by his own resources, he established the Gas Works on a 
large scale and on a i)ermanent basis. Mr. Caldwell also 
introduced gas in Cincinnati and Havana. He was long a 
member of the City Council, and foremost in measures of 
enterprise and public benefaction. The oddly sounding 
and usually mispronounced classical and mjthological 
names of many of oui- streets above canal, wei-e chiefly of 
Mr. Caldwell's suggestion while he was an aldennan and 
our Fourth District a swamp. 

The New Orleans Gaslight and Banking Company was 
chartered by the Genci-al Assembly in 1835, with a capital 
stock of six million dollars. By this charter it was pro- 
vided that the Ga.s AV'orks might be bought Viy the City after 
forty jears. The c'harge tbi' gas \ya.s at first legulated by 
the tune of burning ; afterwards metei'S were introduced. 
In l!S(iO an amendment to the charter limited the charge to 
$4 per thousand cubic feet of gas, re(nured gas to be sup- 
plied to the Charity Hospital free, extended the tei-m of the 
Company to 1895 and withdrew the exclusive piivilege of 
fui-ni.shing gas. The capital of the Company is now about 
two millions. The works, a mile from the river, are 
bounded by Gi'a\ier, Pedido, Magnolia and Locust sti'eets, 
the .slate roofed brick buildings occupying the entire 
square. On the grounds are shops foi' blacksmiths, cai'pen- 
ters, and machinists, for the manufactiu'e and repair of arti- 
cles and implements used, except the clay retoi-ts, which are 
brought from Belgium, of which thei-e are 200 in operation. 
The interesting pi'ocess of making gas, diifeis in no essen- 
tial respect fi-om the well-known method employed else- 
where, the coke and coal tai' being utilized. To remove 
the carbonic acid and sulphuretted hydrogen gas, quick- 
lime is used made entii-ely of oyster shells. The Pittsburgh 
coal employed pi'oduces 10,500 cubic feet of gas pei- ton. 
The reservoirs are six in numV>er the lai'gest being of more 
than half a million cubic feet. 

The gas consumed in 1S46 was 31,S52,8O0 feet; in 1856, 
S5,421,000 feet; in isiiO, 174,649,000 feet; in 1871, 24!),- 
417,000 feet. The present number of street lamps is 3476 ; 
of meters, over 10,000. The gas pipe in 1836, was eight 
miles in length ; in 1846,23 miles; in ls56, 61j miles; in 
1866, 100 miles; and in 1872, 134^ miles. 

The Presidents of the company were : in 1835 James 
H. Caldwell; in 1835-36, E. Yorke ; in 18.36, Samuel Heen- 
nan, Jr.; in 1836-37 and '38, Thomas Bairett ; in 1838-39 
and '40, Thomas C. Magoffin; from 1840 to 1856, James 
Robb;from 1856 to 1863, J. H. Wood; in 1863, W.H. Mer- 
cer ; fi-om 1863 to 1869, G. C. Duncan ; from 1869 and 
present incimabent, James Jackson. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




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ill if 

4 4 



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155 Canal and 15 Bourbon Streets, 




^MW &M£fMsiMM. 



KOtJN'DEr* ATRIL Sd, is-ia. 



BIBE€W IMPQiMW^WIQjM 



A-ms^ 













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Dealer in 



A-XiL K:ir<riDS OF 



linepieani ffipy fioaBs, 



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WHOLESALE & RETAIL. 



m Ai RUE DE LE CHIQUIER. 



91 CHURCH STREET. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



31 




MAYOR JOHN R. COITWAY. 



John R. Conway was bom in Alexandria, Virginia, 
August 24th 1825. His ancestors were from Wales, and 
emigrated to the State of his nativity in the reign of 
Charles the Second. Their exists now among their de- 
scendents, family portraits brought over from England at 
the time of theii' settlement on the Potomac, antique relics 
of the days of the Stuarts, and prized as mementoes of the 
men who, in common with all Virginia, repudiated Crom- 
well and his Roundheads, adhering under all circumstances 
to the fortunes and dynasty of Charles the Fii'st and Charles 
the Second, and the Cavaliers of the Restoration. 

Mr. Conway came to New Orleans in December 1843, 
and actively engaged in a mercantile life, being connected 
with one of the largest Commission and Cotton firms in a 
position of gTeat trust and responsibility to the time of the 
captui-e of the City, in April 1 862, by the Federal forces. 
Business being thenceforth suspended in all of its legiti- 
mate branches, and in common witli his Southern friends 
and .neighbors, he made no effort to resume his own during 
the military occupation of the city. 

At the close of hostilities in 1865 he again embarked in 
mercantile business as a Wholesale Grocer and Codmiission 
Merchant, which was successfully carried on up to 1867. 
During this time, and at all times since his residence in 
New Orleans, it was well Itnown that he never considered 
it inconsistent with the business of a merchant to take an 
active part in public affairs, but on the other hand regarded 
it a duty to do so. Hence always acting in concert with 
the Democracy, he was selected Chairman of the Demo- 
cratic Parish Committee on its first reorganization after the 
war. Cooperating with the State Executive Committee 
the way was prepared for returning the State and City to 
the representatives of the people, the latter at least having 
been for more than four years whoUy under Military 
rulers. 



On the reorganization of the City Government, he was 
appointed by Governor Wells a member of the Police 
Board, presided over by the newly selected Mayor, John 
T. Monroe. He served in this capacity until removed by 
General Sheridan under the Reconstruction Act. Under 
the Supplemental Reconstruction Act of Congress an elec- 
tion was held for municipal officers on the 17th and 18th of 
April 1868. Mr. Conway having received the Democratic 
nomination for Mayor of New Orleans was elected by seven 
hundred majority. . 

Mr. Conway being the first Mayor elected by the people 
since the occupation of the city by the Federal authorities, 
necessarily found the affairs of the city in a complicated 
condition, and his administration of the city government 
was unavoidably attended by serious difficulties. The 
finances were in a deplorable condition and the credit of 
the city at a very low ebb. But with the substitution of 
the civil for' military law, confidence was restored and 
gradually city securities improved in value, and fair prom- 
ise was held out that the financial status of New Orleans 
would again reach that eminent standard it enjoyed before 
the war. 



HON. JOHN A. CAMPBELL. 



Hon. John A. Campbell was born in the State of 
Georgia. He graduatc^d at Athens, in that State, in 1830, 
when twenty years of age. He is now sixty-five. He is 
above the medium size, has blue eyes, light complexion, 
expansive forehead and classical features. 

He was, before oui- late war for independence, one of the 
.fudges of the Supreme Coui't of the United States, and in 
1865 represented the Confederate States, together with Mr. 
Hunter, of Virginia, and Mr. Stephens, of Georgia, in the 
interview had by them with Mr. Lincoln and Secretary 
Seward, at Hampton Roads, in order to bring about a com- 
promise between the North and the South. 

He possesses a most extraordinary memory, and fre- 
quently refers, when consulted upon a decision or authority, 
to the number of volume and page in book.s he has not 
handled for years. 

Judge Campbell is one of the gi-eatest lawyers in the 
United States. He is certainly a most accomplished advo- 
cate. He confines himself to powerful argument and never 
indulges in declamation. His clearness of statement and 
the force and precision of his language are remarkable. 
His manner is above the common order of forensic delivery. 
His wit is not genial or playful, but sarcastic. 

It is related of Judge Campbell that being asked by a 
young attorney of New Orleans, not distinguished for his 
talents, whether he (Judge C.) had any objection to the 
attorney joining in a great case at that time conducted by 
Judge Campbell and other eminent lawyers, he answered : 
"Most certainly not, my dear sir, provided you do not 
appear on m side." 

His mind is eminently fertile in resoui'ces. He com- 
presses his matter vigorously and reasons cogently. 

He is known to be, in his personal character, of scrupu- 
lous integrity and unsullied honor. 



32 



"JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



EDWARD H. SUMMERS, ESQ. 

If enteiprise, public spirit, liberality, flramess and devo- 
tion to the gi-eat interests of commerce, entitle any individ- 
ual to respect and consideration in thi? community, no 
one is more richly deserving of them, than the unpretend- 
ing but influential gentleman, whose name strands at the 
head of this notice. 

Mr. Summers was born in Bullitt County, Kentucky, 
September SOth, IS'27. We presume . his father was in 
easy circumstances, able to give his son the advantages of 
a liberal education, for, after completing his preparatory 
studies, we find that he entered Bethany College, Virginia, 
where he graduated in .Tuly, 1848, at the early age of nine- 
teen years. 

His first intention was to pursue the law as a profession, 
for which he, accordingly, pi-epared himself, aud graduated 
in the Law Department of Transylvania ITriiversity, Lex- 
ington, Ky., in 184s. 

On attaining majority, he abandoned the law. and, in 
18.n(i. devoted him.self to mercantile business in Louis- 
ville. 

In IS.",:!, he removed to New Orleans, where he has 
remained ever since, engaged in the commission business. 
In 18fi0. hewas elected President of the Crescent City 
National B.ink. which position he now holds. 

In 1871 Mr. Summers was chiefly instrumi'ntal in organiz- 
ing the'New Oi'leans Cotton Exchange— the most important 
movement that has yet been made in this great court of 
commerce. In consequence of the energy- which he dis- 
played in oriffiuating this important as.sociation, Mr. Sum- 
mers was elected its first President, and, at the annual 
election the second year, he was again elected. After two 
years service, he declined a reelection. On which occasion 
he made a speech distinguished for its ability and elo- 
quence, and which exhibits in glowing colors the important 
consequences which have resulted from this great move- 
ment of our merchants and which will be likely stOl further 
to flow' from it in piomoting oui- commercial prosperity. 

We cannot better portray the traits which distinguish 
the character of this high-toned merchant than by giving 
some extracts from this admirable speech. The wretched 
condition to which New Orleans was reduced by the late 
unhappy war, and the necessity of resorting to some extra- 
ordinai-y measures for the extrication and the restoration 
of its commerce is thus eloquently referred to by him. 

" Wiien that long and devastating war," said Mr. Sum- 
mers, " was ended, we found our beloved city crippled in 
her commerce on every side. The necessities of a mighty 
nation, battling against us, had greatly aided in tapping, 
at many points, the great artery of our, commerce, the 
grand old Father of Waters, and our products were being 
taken from our very doors to the great Atlantic cities, 
where wealth, capital and prospei-ity all invited them, our 
^ jtton factors, at the same time, found themselves embar- 
rassed by the indorsement of planters' paper, the main 
security having vanished by the fate of war. 

" But we went to work with a will, settled our debts as 
best we could, and launched our little barks again into the 
great sea of commerce. 



" Scarcely had we emerged into the open sea before the I 
gi-eat stonn of 1867 struck us with all its force. Our j 
planters, with the pittance left them, had gone to work in j 
good earnest, and with the brightest hopes of a good j 
harvest. The disastrous results you all know. Sufiice it ! 
to say that this unexpected and most lamentable failure of : 
crops, together with the heels of Federal, State and Parish 1 
Collectors, was more than our poverty-stricken planters , 
could endure, and the result was wide-spread demoraliza- ; 
tion, bad faith and diversion of crops on all sides ; but the 
cotton factors of this city had to breast this r^torm. We 
had to stand by our posts — to succumb was inevitable ruin. 
Our chief capital was our untarnished names, and I am 
proud to say that but few fell by the wayside. 

" This year, however, gentlemen, taught us a wise but 
sad lesson, and that was, in the then disorganized and 
demoralized condition of owe country, our main reliance 
was in the integrity, capacity, industry and good manage- 
ment of our constituents. 

" It was absolutely necessaiy to separate the good from 
the bad; and to accomplish this, xiiion and good faith and 
hai-mony among ourselves were indispensable. And, this, 
gentlemen, was the main and direct cause of the establish- 
ment of this Exchange. 

" I am proud to say we were nobly seconded in our 
efi"orts by many of our prominent cotton buyers and cotton 
brokers, who, realizing that they had an interest in com- 
mon with the cotton factor in the prosperity of our city, _ 
and feeling moreover the necessity of proper rules and 
reo-ulations for the government of the cotton trade, which 
could only be accomplished by union of all, mosi, heaitily 
aided us in our efforts. And though we were met at the 
threshold by difficulties which would have disheartened 
and deterred a less resolute set of men, we never faltered. 
Every previous efi"ort towards establishing an Exchange in 

this city had been a failure. 

****** 

" But nothing daunted, we worked faithfully, and man- 
hilly explained the necessity, and expatiated upon the 
advantages of union, and we finally succeeded in getting 
together a sufficient number to justify an organization. 

" You honored me, at your first meeting, by electing me 
as your presiding officer: and whilst appreciating your 
motives, I am free to say that I entered upon the discharge 
of my duties with many misgivings. But, gentlemen, you 
surrounded me with godfathers over this infant institution 

mei-cliants ol large business experience and sagacity, all 

animated by the same zeal, and fully conscious of the 
charge intrusted to them. 

" Then, gentlemen, after two years of service, I deliver 
back into your hands this predicted abortion, this wealdy 
suckling, a two years old commercial giant. 

" Dui-ing less than two years back, with an empty trea- 
sury, and a limited membership, we have regularly, daily, 
and. I mav say, almost by the minute, furnished you with 
telegraphic news, embracing every point of the haljital^le 
o-lobe where cotton was a prominent article of commerce. 
And, besides this, we have furnished you daily a table of 
statistics unsurpassed, if not unequalled, by any Exchange 
either in Europe or America. 



JEWELL-S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




A. S. BADGER, 



CHIEF OF POLICE. 



JEWELL'S ORESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




RIVERS & LONSDALE, Proprietors. 



L. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



35 



" And whilst we have accomplished this at a necessarily 
heavy outlay, we return you to-night, as shown by the 
report of the Finance Committee, a surplus in our treasury 
of $43,234,80. 

" I proclaim it to-night, and with just grounds for the 
assertion, that, under the auspices of the Cotton Exchange, 
which now embraces almost every respectable dealer in 
cotton, that no city, on this or any other continent, can 
handle this great staple with the same economy, the same 
ease, the same impartial justice as can the city of New 
Orleans. 

" I reiterate to-night what I said twelve months ago, that 
this Exchange presents an ' anomaly ' in the commercial 
history of the world, and to prove this, I have only to refer 
you to the report of our venerable Chief Justice of the 
Board of Errors and Appeals, read in your hearing this 
evening. 

" Just think of it, gentlemen, receiving, storing and 
shipping one agricultui'al product, at our port, to the value 
annually of one hundred and twenty million dollars ; having 
control of this staple from the time the seed is assigned to 
mother earth, untU the gathering of the harvest, and the 
final disposition of the product ; and yet, in all the various 
vicissitudes of this transposition, there is scarcely a ripple 
of contention or dispute among three hundred merchants 
handling and turning over the vast product. 

" I defy the Exchanges of the world to produce such a 
record ; and this, gentlemen, with our great cosmopolitan 
trade, embracing every nation known to the category of 
civilization. I say the City of New Orleans can have no 
prouder escutcheon than the reCords of this Exchange. 

" But, gentlemen, this Exchange has not confined the 
sphere of its usefulness to the cotton interest alone. It has 
ever had a watchful eye to the great general commercial 
interest of this city, which is inseparably connected with 
the cotton interest of this great iSonthern emporium. 

" In evidence of this, need I point you to the great iron 
barge enterprise, which had its origin in this Exchange 
and though it now sleeps with a subscription of $300,000, 
is, just as sure as time rolls on, to be revived and culmi- 
nate in a magnificent fleet of cheap and safe and prosper- 
ous public carriers, bringing to us from the Alleghanies on 
the East to the Rocky Mountains on the West, the untold 
and most inestimable wealth of this great valley. 

" This gi-and enterprise had its origin, its support and 
its partial success under the auspices of this Exchange. 
Who, gentlemen, was it that set on foot the great iron 
highwa.y that is destined to connect us with that vast 
domain of wealth, the State of Texas ? Was it not this 
Exchange that took Col. Scott; the great railroad king, by 
the hand, had him welcomed in our midst, and pledged 
ourselves, individually and collectively, that we would span 
the chasm that separated us from this great highway to the 
Pacific Ocean ? 

" Was it not within the walls of this Exchange that the 
noted .ind efficient Rail Road ComTuittee of Fifty had its 
birth ? And was it not through their unceasing labors 
that this great highway is guaranteed to us within the next 
twelve months ? 

" I have thus, gentlemen, passed in review the origin, 



advantages, labors and fruits of this Exchange — the first 
example in this city of the efieet of union and energy and 
self-reliance amongst ourselves. 

" After a service of two years, I beg, this night, to bid 
you an affectionate adieu a-s your presiding officer, my 
business engagements, as also my ideas of rotation in office, 
rendering it necessary and proper." 

Should the " Cotton Exchange," in its future results to 
our commerce, sustain the well-founded expectations of its 
public-spirited projector, (as it has done in its past brief 
career), he will be well entitled to the lasting gratitude of 
this community as a public benefactor. Though he has 
declined to act longer as its President, the same public 
considerations which, in the midst of doubt and discour- 
agement, led him to embark fearlessly in the enterprise, 
will, we are assured, induce him still to watch over its 
interests with ceaseless, vigilance, and will enable him and 
the large body of intelligent merchants associated with 
him to redeem New Orleans from the sad consequences of 
the late war, and make her what, from her position, the 
spirit that animates her, and the energy and ability of her 
merchants, she is well entitled to be, the great cotton 
market of the world. He has himself only just reached 
the meridian of life, and a long career of usefulness stUl 
lies open before him. 



FATHER J. MOYNAHAN. 



This distinguished ecclesiastic was born in the Parish of 
Konturk, County of Cork, Ireland, on January 1st 1815. 
He received his English and Clasical education at Mission- 
ary College, Youghal, County of Cork, Ireland. 

In the year 1844, he emigrated to the United States of 
America, and finished his theological course of studies in 
the Diocese of New Orleans ; was ordained Priest on the 
24th of November 1846 ; and spent four years as Curate 
of the Parish of St. Joseph. He was afterwards deputed 
by the most Reverend Arch Bishop Blanc to build a church 
in what now constitutes one of the most flourishing Par- 
ishes in New Orleans in a locality which was originally a 
swamp, but, at the present time, one of the most thronged 
portions of this great metropolis. 

On the 1st of January 1851, he embarked on his ardu- 
ous mission. People of every denomination rallied around 
him and contributed liberally to the sacred object which 
he had at heart. The result has been the erection of two 
churches, one of them a brick edifice, now nearly completed, 
which is one of the most substantial and beautiful in the 
South. 

He has also established in the city two convents, and a 
parochial school for both sexes. Recently he has been 
clothed by Arch-Bishop Perch6, with the functions of 
Canon, his duty as such, being to attend his Grace on all 
important occasions, be present at the Chapters of the Di- 
ocese, and act as one of his counsellors. 

Father Mojmahan, notwithstanding his intense devotion 
to the interests of the Roman Catholic Church, has, by his 
fine social qualities, the lu-banity of his manners, the lib- 
erality of his opinions, and the deep interest he has ex- 
hibited in objects promotive of the public welfare, secured 
in a large degree, the homage as well as affections of his 
fellow citizens of all classes and denomination. His pulpit 
eloquence partakes of the controlling elements of his char- 
acter, and is marked by boldness and intrepidity. 



36 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



NEW MASONIC TEMPLE. 



On the 15tb February 1872, was laid the comer-stone of 
the new Masonic Temple by the Grand Master, officers and 
members of the Gfrand Lodge of Louisiana in the presence 
of many hundreds of visiting brethren and citizens. After 
the solemn and ancient ceremonies, eloquent addresses were 
delivered by the Rev. W. V. Tudor and Grand Master 
Todd. The Grand Lodge being in session, the imposing 
rites attracted a large assembly of Masons and a vast con- 
course of citizens. The corner-stone was a block of granite 
from one of the mountains of Georgia and a present from 
the Masonic Grand Lodge of that State. The foundation 
walls have been laid in brick, resting on a basis of blue 
clay. 

The New Temple will be built according to the design 
and plans of S. B. Haggart, Esq., the architect selected to 
supervise its construction. It will front on St. Charles 
street, near the Tivoli Circle. Its dimensions will be as 
follows : — Front, 147 feet ; depth, 92 feet ; two wings 38 
feet wifle and 84 feet deep, extending back nearly to the 
rear of Temple Sinai ; main portico, 30 feet wide, 9 feet 
projection, extending through a vestibule 24 feet wide, 12 
feet deep and 20 feet high, having a beautiful tesselated 
floor and latticed doors. From these doors the passage, 
24 feet wide and 20 feet high, extends to the staircase 42 
feet, by which the Bccond story is reached. On each side 
of the main entiance are to be two stores 70x27i feet. At 
the rear, on each side, are porticos leading by stairways to 
the corridor oa the second floor and to the lodge rooms on 
the third floor, as well as to the ladies' parlor and ball-room, 
In the north wing will be the office of the Grand Secretary, 
28x42, two library rooms 22x28 and 38x21 connected by 
arches, and in the rear the office of the Grand Master, 18 
feet square. In the south wing will i be a kitchen, supper 
room, lumber room, etc. On the second floor of the main 
building is the ball-room or hall, 140 feet long, 70 feet wide, 
36 feet high, lighted by 19 windows, which extend from 
floor to ceiling and opening on broad balconies. By three 
vast doors the hall connects with the broad corridor across 
which, in the north wing, is the ladies' parlor, 28x42, which 
communicates with 3 large dressing i-ooms, a retiring room 
and a cloak room. From these, by brick walls, will be a 
gentlemen's 'parlor, 30x21 feet, a hat room and staircase 
extending to the saloon below. In the south wing, second 
story, is the supper room, 70x38, with butler's pantry and 
cook's pantry connecting with the kitchen below by dumb 
waiters and a staircase. Over the hall are 5 lodge rooms, 
each 27x50 and 16 feet high. The Grand Lodge room, 65x 
38 and 20 feet high, is the third story of the south wing 
with a raised gallery for music. In the north wing, over 
the parlors, are the appropriate rooms of the Grand 
Commandery. 

The Temple, when completed, will have an airy, graceful 
and elegant appearance, owing to the manner in which the 
walls are gathered up into columns and pilasters and to 
vast windows and balconies. It will thus become a lofty 
and conspicuous ornament to that part of the city, and a 
monument worthy of the ancient fraternity and the noble 
cause to which it is to be dedicated. 



Tbe details of structure may vary from the plans and 
dimensions as given above, according to the materials used 
and the funds available. 

Under the jurisdiction of the Masonic Grand Lodge of 
Louisiana there are now 152 subordinate lodges, with an 
aggregate membership of 7,557. Thirty of these are loca- 
ted and working in New Orleans, named as follows : — 
Perfect Union, Polar Star, Concorde, Perseverance, St 
Andr6, Los Amigos del Orden, Silencio, Foyer Ma^onique, 
Germania, Friends of Harmony, Mount Moriah. George 
AVashington, Dudley, Marion, Hiram, Alpha Home, Quit- 
man, Orleans, Hermitage, Louisiana, Ocean, Excelsior, 
Linnwood, Orus, Kosmos, Union, Orient, Dante, Perfect 
Harmony and Corinthian. The members of the city lodges 
number 2,700, or an average of 90 members to each lodge. 
The dates of the charters of the above-named city lodges 
are as follows :— Perfect Union, July 12, 1812; Polar Star, 
July 12, 1812; Concorde, July 12, 181 -; Perseverance, 
July 12, 1812; St. Andr6 (originally Disciples du Senate 
MaQonique), chartered June 3, 1839; took its present 
name Feb. 14, 1865 ; Los Amigos del Orden, Sept. 24, 
1842 ; Silencio, Feb. 12, 1861 ; Foyer Ma9onique: Oct. 6, 
1838 ; Germania, April 18, 1844 ; Friends of Hai-mony, 
April 22, 1848; Mount Moriah, March 24, 1849; George 
Washington, Dudley, Marion and Hiram, March 3, 1850; 
Alpha Home (a union of Alpha, organized in 1848 with 
Home, organized in 1855), chartered Feb. 14, 1860 ; Quit- 
man and Orleans, March 4, 1850 ; Hermitage, Jan. 21, 
1851 ; Louisiana, Jan. 23, 1851 ; Ocean, Feb. 10, 1857 ; Ex- 
celsior, Feb. 12, 1861; Linnwood, Feb. 13, 1861; Ours, 
Feb. 9, 1864; Kosmos, Feb. 9, 1864; Union and Orient, 
Feb. 17, 1865; Dante, Feb. 14, 1866; Perfect Harmony, 
Feb. 14, 1867 ; and Corinthian, Feb. 9, 1865. 

The Grand Lodge was founded by Perfect Union, Polar 
Star, Charit6 (extinct), Concord and Perseverance, in 1812, 
since which the Grand Lodge granted charters to these 
original lodges and to 218 others. Twenty-three lodges, 
including Charite, have become extinct. Seventeen lodges 
have forfeited charters and 21 surrendered them. The 
oldest lodge in the State is Perfect Union, founded in 1793. 

The Grand Masters of the Grand Lodge have been as 
follows:— P. Francis Du Bourg, 1812-13-14; J. Souli6, 
1815-16-17; L. C. Moreau Lislet, 1818; J. B. Modeste, 
Lefebore, 1819 ; y. Lemounier, 1820 ; Aug. Macarty, 1821 ; 
J. F. Canonge, 1822-24-29; D. F. Burthe, 1823; John H. 
Holland, 1825-26-27-28-30-31-32-33-34-35-38-39 ; L. H. 
Ferand, 1836-37; A. W. Pichot, 1840-41; Jean Lamathe, 
1842; E. A. Canon, 1843-44; Robert Preanx, 1845; 
Felix Garcia, 1846-47-48; M. R. Dudley, Lucien Her- 
mann, 1849; John Gedge and Lucien Hermann, 1850 ; Jno. 
Gedge, 1851; H. R. W. Hill, 1852-53; Wm. M. Perkins, 
1854-55-56-57-66 ; Amos Adams, 1868 ; Samuel Manning 
Todd, 1859-69-70-71-72; A. J. Norwood, 1867; H. R. 
Swasey, 1868 ; J. Q. A. Fellows, 1860-1-2-3-4-5. Of the 
Past Grand Masters five only are living — Perkins, Fellows, 
Norwood, Swasey and Todd. 

The Grand Secretaries of the Grand Lodge have been as 
follows:— J. B. Gregoire Veron, 1812-13-14; Auguste 
Guibert, 1815-16-17-18; N. Visinier (part of) 1819; F. 



to 



to 







JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



39 



Dissard, remainder of 1819 and until 1840 ; L. H. Ferand 
(part of) 1840 ; P. Dubayle, 1841-42 and part of 1843 ; F. 
J. Verrier, 1843-44-45-46-47; W. H. Howard, 1848; J. J. 
E. Massicott, 1850 and part of 1851 ; Edward Barrett, 
1850-51-52-53; Samuel G. Risk, 1854-5-0-7-b-9-60-61 ; 
Samuel M. Todd, 1862-3-4-5-ti ; and Dr. Jas. C. Bachelor, 
1867-8-9-70-1-2. Barrett, Todd and Bachelor are the 
only living Past Grand Secretaries. 

The offices of Deputy Grand Masters, Senior and Junior 
Grand Warden and Grand Treasui-er have been filled vari- 
ously by the following : — L. C. Moreau Lislet, J. Blanque, 
Francis Pernot, Jean Baptiste Pinta, Jean B. Des Bais, 
Dominique Roquett6, G. Dubuzs, A. Peychand, G. W. 
Morgan, G. Leaumont, L. A. de Bodiu, A. Longer, Charles 
Maurain, C. Miltenberger, M. Flertas, A. Moi-phy, D. F. 
Burthe, J. B. Fagot, M. Fouche Cougot, Seth W. Nye, Jean 
Lamathe, Aug. Douee, Thomas Blois, Alexander Phillips, 
J. B. F. Giquel, Charles Revoille, F. J. Verrier, Joaquin 
Viosca, Franijais Coquet, J. J. Mercic, J. B. Lambert, 
Zenon Colson, Perez Snell, Cotton Henry, G. A. Montmain, 
Ramon Vionuet, Fleury Generelly, A. D. Guesoun, Paul 
Bertus, Francis Calonge, H. Kidel, Joseph Lisbony, Fran- 
cois Meilleur, Roman Brugier, Thomas B. Parten, Alexan- 
der Derbes, Thomas H. Lewis, W. P. Coleman, G. Gorin, 
Daniel Blair, Antoine Mondelli, Simon Meilleur, John W. 
Crockett, J. W. McNamara, George W. Catlett, R. F. Mc- 
Guire, W. L. Knox, S. Herriman, S. M. Hart, H. W. Hunt- 
ington, George D. Shadburn, D. Goodman, M. H. Dosson, 
Law P. Crain, Stephen C. Mitchell, Louis Texada, S. O. 
Scruggs, A. S. Washburn, Joseph Santini, A. G. Carter, 
John C. Gordy, Henry Regenbui'g, B. G. Thibodaux, S. J. 
Powell, Harmon Doane, George A. Pike, John Booth, John 
C. Jones, John A. Stevenson, Sy G. Parsons, William Mc- 
DufT, Amos Kent, John L. Barrett, William Robson, John So- 
rapurn,Joseph P. Hornor, Michel E. Girard, Edwin Marks. 

Fifty-two of those who have held elective offices in the 
Grand Lodge are dead, and forty were living in 1872. 



COTTON SEED OIL WORKS. 



The manufacture of oil from cotton seed has been chiefly 
developed since the close of the war, and now every con- 
siderable Southern town has one or more factories, while 
New Orleans has six, employing a capital of a million and 
a half, and with capacity to use a hundred thousand tons 
a year. The largest of these (and the largest in the world) 
is in the Fifth District or Algiers (New Orleans Right 
Bank), owned by a company and controlled by a Board of 
Directors, of which Col. C. E. Gii-ardey, Auctioneer, is 
President. The conspicuous buildings occupied formerly 
constituted Clark's Foundry. This factory will produce 
500 barrels of oil and 400 tons of oil cake per week. The 
four brick buildings are connected and occupy a square of 
about four acres. Here the seed, which costs about S15 
per ton, is re-ginned to divest it of lint, often in sufficient 
quantity to be worth as much as the seed cost. The seed 
is next passed through a simple huller, consisting of a 
grooved cylinder by which the seed is crushed, and a sieve 
by which the hulls are separated from the kernels. The 



kernels are mashed or groimd, roasted, placed in vats and 
pressed by steam, the oil running off into tanks, whence it 
is pumped into vats for purifying. The oil cake is ex- 
ported and is used for feeding cattle. The hulls are burned 
in the furnaces of the two 75 horse power engines or sold 
as fertilizers. The oil is purified by carbonate of soda and 
barrelled for shipment. What is precipitated by the 
process is reboiled and is used in the manufacture of soap. 
The oil finds a ready market in Great Britain at prices 
ranging about fifty cents per gallon, where it is variously 
employed for chemical, mechanical, medicinal and house- 
hold purposes, no small quantity finding its way back to 
America in the foi'm of Olive Oil for table use. 

The only check to this lucrative industry is the difficulty 
of obtaining the cotton seed iu sufficient quantity. 



THE TOURO ALMS HOUSE. 



About eighty thousand dollars were left by the late opu- 
lent and public-spirited Judah Touro, Esq., for the erec- 
tion of an Alms House in this city. By judicious manage- 
ment this munificent bequest was increased, after the death 
of Mr. Touro, by R. D. Shepherd, Esq., to the amount of 
about $130,000, besides his making a donation of land 
worth about $45,000. The amount of cash in hand not 
being sufficient to meet the cost of the contemplated build- 
ing (estimated at from $165,000 to $200,000), Mr. Shepherd 
proposed to make up the deficiency. War interrupted the 
work, and the edifice, as far as completed, was destroyed 
by fixe on the last day of its occupation by negi'o troops. 
Some evidence existed to show that the disaster was at- 
tributable to the use of an intended ventilation flue as a 
chimney for a large bake oven, by which Are was commu- 
nicated to the roof timbers. 

The ground donated by Mr. Shepherd was about 318 
feet wide from Piety to Desire street, Third District, and 
facing the river, extending about 746 feet. The main 
kitchen buildings, at the time of their destruction, were 
roofed in and floored, but not completed inside. They 
were three stories high, in the Gothic style, ranging from 
the pomted or early Gothic, in the centre, to sqiiare headed, 
or late Gothic, at the extreme wings, with the flattened arch 
or intei'mediate between, and stood 100 feet from the river 
road. The main building was 300 feet long by about 60 feet 
deep in the body of the structure, and 75 feet at the wings. 

The centre pavillion contained the main entrance, par- 
lors, offices, etc., between which and the extreme wings 
were three stories of iron galleries on the river front. The 
kitchen building contained the dependencies. The design 
further contemplated surrounding the ground with work- 
shops for different industries, in which the inmates were 
to be kept occupied, while the intermediate space was laid 
ofi' for orchards and vegetable gardens. 

It was also contemplated to light the buildings with gas 
manufactured on the premises. 

An unsuccessful efibrt has been made, since the war, to 
obtain an oppropriation from the General Government for 
the restitution of this expensive structure, destroyed while 
in the occupancy of Federal colored troops. 



40 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



GEN. RANDALL LEE GIBSON. 



Gen. Randall Lee Gibson was born on the 10th of 
September 1832, at the residence of his maternal grand- 
father, Spring Hill, Woodford County, Ky. He is descended 
from the Harts of Kentucky and the Prestons of Virgina, 
on his maternal side and from the McKinleys of Virginia, 
and Gibsons of Mississippi and South Carolina, on his pa- 
ternal side. His father was the Honorable Tobias Gibson, 
of Terrebonne Parish, La., one of the largest planters of 
our State, and a gentleman of high character and intelli- 
gence. He was educated at Yale College, where he grad- 
uated in 1853, with the highest honors of his class — the 
valedictory. 

After receiving his diploma from the law department of 
our State University, he travelled several years through- 
out Europe and remained nearly a year as an attache of 
the American Legation at Madrid, where his personal ac- 
complishments rendered him a welcome attendant. On his 
return his fondness for country life led him to become a 
planter, but he found time to contribute occasional articles 
to our leading reviews, characterized by fullness, accuracy 
and vigor, and he acquired a reputation as an effective 
and eloquent speaker, both in the English and French lan- 
guages. 

At the outbreak of the war between the States, he joined 
one of the first companies raised in his Parish, as a private 
soldier, and was elected captain. He afterwards, however, 
accepted the appointment of captain in the 1st Regiment 
Louisiana Artillery. He stood steadfastly by the colors of 
the Southern Confederacy until they were fui'led away, 
and rose successively through the various grades under 
such officers as Breckinridge, Hardee and Johnston, with 
whom he was an especial favorite, untU he was assigned to 
the command of a division. He was the commander of the 
loth Regiment Loxiisiana Infantry, and Gibbon's Louisiana 
Brigade, which became renowned as one of the corps delite 
of the army. 

Much credit is due to General Gibson for the glorious 
reputation his brigade acquii'ed. Unappreciated at fii'st, 
because of his quiet reserve and shy isolation of manner, 
combined with rigid views of discipline as the true traits 
of his character were developed by events, he became one 
of the most beloved officers in the anny — 

•■ Lofty and sour to tlio.-e who love him not. 
But to such :is seek him, sweet as summer. " 

His firm hand gradually impressed upon his brigade 
that iron diselipine and luiyielding steadiness that no 
reverse could impair. His impartial justice enabled him 
to exact implicit obedience, for his orders were concieved 
! in kindness, and founded upon necessity and reason. And 
i it was his chivalric bearing ai>d unselfish devotion to his 
' troops and the service, and his uncommon energy and 
spirit, that, assisted by his meritorious subordinates, built 
up a command that became celebrated in an army of vet- 
erans, and by every title was fairly included in that incom- 
parable and unconquerable infanty of the Confederacy, 
that though they might sometimes be compelled to recoil 
from ill-advised or impossible assHuJts were never driven 



from their positions by front attack, and were never sur- 
passed in the history of war, in any age or country in all 
soldierly virtues. Gen. Gibson in his address of adieu, 
truthfully observed : " The old brigade has stood before 
the enemy for more than four years, and had never low- 
ered its colors save over the bier of a comrade fallen." He 
was selected by General Lee to conunand the rear guard of 
Hood's Army, for the first day after Nashville, having com- 
mand of his own, Holtzelaw's Alabama, and Stoval's Georgia 
brigades. No higher tribute could have been paid to 
his merits. He was warmly complimented and recom- 
mended to the Government, both by Generals Lee and Hood, 
for his services in this campaign. They regarded him as 
one of the best officers in the army. 

He was assigned to the defence;, at Mobile and conducted 
the operations near the water battery of the Spanish Fort, 
with a Division of Infantry and about forty pieces of artil- 
lery; Gibson's Louisiana, Holtzelaw's Alabama, Thomas' 
Alabama and Ector's Texas Brigades, with Col. Patton's 
22nd Louisiana Artillery. 

After the war he retiu-ned to his plantation, in Terre- 
bonne Parish, but found it a wreck. In 1 866 he came to 
this city and began the practice of that profession he had 
acquired years before, when young and prosperous. He 
has achieved an enviable position for exact methods of at- 
tending to business, and as a jurist and orator. He is ad- 
mired and esteemed for his genuine goodness of heart, his 
perfect natui-alness, his unfailing eoirrtesj', his high sense 
of honor, his unflinching devotion to duty, and the wide 
range of his Icai'ning. Althoiigh a resident of this 
city, his tastes and svTnpathies are those of the coun- 
try, and his plantation in Terrebonne parish, shows the 
evidences of his love and knowledge of agriculture. In all 
questions concerning the public welfare, without being a 
politician, he manifests a lively interest and takes an ac- 
tive and decided part. He is broad and liberal and non- 
partisan in his view. 

In 1868 he was mai-ried to the eldest daughter of the 
late R. W. Montgomery, a prominent merchant of this 
city. 

In June 1872, the name of General Gibson was prom- 
inently before the Democratic State Convention for nomi- 
nation for the office of Governor of Louisiana, and but for 
the dissension- in the party at that time, he would have 
been selected as its standard bearer. 



The Firemen's Charitable Association was incorporated 
in 1835, and managed by a boai-d of directors chosen from 
each company, subject to certain restrictions. The officers, 
(a president, vice-president, secretai-y and treasiu-er,) are 
elected by the board from members of the association, on 
the first Monday of January, of each year. The object of 
this society is the relief of its members, who are incapaci- 
tated from attending to business from sickness or misfor- 
tunes not arising from improper causes. It makes pro- 
visions also for the benefit of their families — particularly 
widows and orphans. This is a very laudable association, 
and every way deserving of the excellent fire depai'tment 
from which it originated. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




GEO. S. LACEY, ESQ, 



CITY ATTORNEY. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



SLOCOMB. BALDWIN & CO, 



Dealers in 



.-^Igrieultuirol SrapIeniGals, 



tpeo, Sleel, 



\, dctstings. 



fin Mm^% 



faints, ©lis. 



St ^€«« ^@« 



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Adjoining the City Hotel. 
WAREHOUSES:--PETERS and GROSSMAN Streets, NEW ORLEANS. 



Our Importations are all direct and prices guaranteed as low as any market J^orth or South. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



43 




GABRIEL DEPERIET. 



MAYOR BENJAMIN FRANKLIN FLANDERS. 



The career of the late Mayor of New Orleans has 
been a very checkered one ; but if office in the United 
States is indicative of merit, he is entitled to much praise. 
It is both interesting and instructive to trace hh history 
up to the period when he became the chief executive officer 
of this city. 

Mr. Flanders was bom in New Hampshii-e in 1816, and, 
from the time of his aiTival in New Orleans in 1 842, he has 
been prominently before the public in situations which re- 
quired ability, and which have served to test the extent of 
his powers. His fii'st employment in New Orleans was 
that of a teacher in our public schools, and he appears to 
have been a principal teacher in what was then the First 
Municipality, but is now the Second District. How long 
precisely he remained connected with the schools we are 
unable to say, but it was not long, inasmuch as in 1844 w.e 
find him occupying the position of co-editor and proprietor 
of the Tropic newspaper. In 1848 and 1849 he began to 
be connected with municipal affairs, serving in the Council 
of the Third Municipality and again in 1851. 

In 1852 he was elected Secretary and Treasurer of the 
Opelousas Rail Road, a position which he held till January, 
1862. In July of the latter year, he was appointed City 
Treasurer by military authority, and was elected to Con- 
gress the following November. In 1863 he received from 
Mr. Chase the appointment of Supervising Special Agent 
of the Treasury Department, which he held, without inter- 
ruption, till the year 1866. In 1864 he occupied for some 
time the post of President of the First National Bank of 
New Orleans. 

In June 1867, he was appointed Governor of the State 
by General Sheridan, but resigned the office the following 
December. 

In 1870 he became Mayor of the city, first by the ap- 
pointment of the Governor, and subsequently, in November 
1«71, by election of the people. 



Mr. Gabriel De F6riet is the oldest auctioneer and real 
estate agent now in the business in New Orleans, his con- 
ui'ction as such dating as far back as 1836. Mr. De F6riet 
is the oldest sou of Louis Claude, Baron of Feriet, a French 
nobleman who came here during the Colonial period, and 
attained the rank of Captain under the Spanish dominion. 
A native of Nancy, (Loraine,) he manied Maroelite de St. 
Maxcent, a native of New Orleans, whose progenitors had 
settled here when Bienville laid the foundation of our city. 
Of this man-iage Mr. G. de F6riet is the only surviving 
male issue. He received his education at the College of 
Father Martial, and subsequently went North in 1825, and 
completed his studies at the Lewisville Military Academy, 
in Lewis County, New York, then presided over by Col. 
Taylor. Returning to New Orleans in 1827, he went into the 
lumber business, and soon after received the appointment of 
Coutioller of the Ti-easui-y of the Third Municipality, 
which office he held with great satisfaction to his constitu- 
ents, till 1836, when he was commissioned by Governor 
Roman, auctioneer for the City and Parish of New Orleans, 
a branch of business of which he is still one of the most 
prominent and successful members in this city. Although 
born in 1807, Mr. de Feriet retains all the ardor and energy 
of youth, and there is no one of a later generation who 
brings gi-eater enthusiasm into all matters of public inter- 
est. His ardent temperament and patriotic impulses, got 
him iuto trouble during the Butler regime, and he had to 
pay the penalty of his unyielding integi-ity by a long im- 
prisonment in the city, and was subsequently banished with 
many other estimable citizens, to the sand bank of Ship 
Island, by the "hero" of Fort Fisher. Mr. de F6riet is one of 
our most energetic, public spirited citizens, and deservedly 
enjoys the confidence and support of the old inhabitants of 
New Orleans, who understand and appreciate his many 
sterling qualities of head and heai-t. 

MR. JULES TUYES, 



President of the N. O. Mutual Insurance Co., was born in 
New Orleans in 1821, and after receiving his collegiate ed- 
ucation in Paris, commenced business as a clerk in the com- 
mission house of Messrs. Blanchard, Eimer & Co., a posi- 
tion he afterwards exchanged for a more responsible one in 
the Bankmg House of F. de Lizardi & Co., from which 
last situation he was promoted in 1845 to the office of Sec- 
retary of the Company, to preside over which he was 
elected in 1854. Mr. Tuyes is a gentleman of cultivated 
mind and refined habits, in whom great suavity of manners 
and kindness of heart, unite with strict integrity, 
and a nice sense of honor. These qualities have endeared 
him to a large cLrcle of friends and acquaintances, who 
look upon him as the genuine type of the Creole gentle- 
man, ever coiu-teous and straight foi'ward in all his actions, 
and whose fair fame the breath of envy has never dared to 
touch. To his sterling qualities of heart and head much of 
the prosperity ana success of the institution over which he 
so ably presides may be fairly attributed. 



44 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



THE HOWARD ASSOCIATION OF NEW ORLEANS. 



No PLEASANTER duty can be assumed than that of record- 
ing the organization and progress of the Howard Associa- 
tion of New Orleans, incontestably one of the noblest and 
worthiest of the philanthropic institutions of the civilized 
world. The name of the illustrious English philanthropist, 
Howard, has, in many instances, in his own native country 
and in the United States, been the leading title of various 
charitable and humane institutions, but it is doubtful 
whether as much honor has been conferred upon the mem- 
ory of that gi-eat and good Samaritan as by its adoption by 
the Howard Association of this city. Perhaps the field of 
labor has contributed largely in entitling the city of New 
Orleans to claim superiority in this matter ; but whatever 
the causes, we are none the less gi-atified at the belief that 
we possess an institution whose deeds by far sui-pass those 
of any other similar one. 

Together with the Sisters of Charity — that exalted or- 
ganization of the Catholic Church — the Howard Associa^ 
tion shares the highest praise of our citizens and of many 
strangers whose lives have been saved or wants supplied 
through the ministrations of this body of self-sacrificing 
gentlemen. While the Sisters of Mercy have a vaster mis- 
sion, it is nevertheless true that the Howard Association 
is a constant institution, the members of which are ready, 
at any moment, to answer the call of suffering hmnanity. 
Months, and, with the steadily improving wealth of New 
Orleans, years may come and pass, without even hearing 
the name of the Association referred to, until suddenly the 
dark cloud of disease lowers upon the city when the wel- 
come Samaritans, forgetting self, rush forward to bravo the 
tempest and pour forth sunshine from their glowing 
hearts. 

It was in 1837, in the mouth of August, when the Yellow 
Fever of that year became epidemic, that Farquhar Mathew- 
son, a young man, aged some twenty-two or three years, 
then a clerk in the establishment of Messrs Henderson & 
Gaines, a young man of active mind and ardent tempera- 
ment, such as fitted him to be a leader among the young 
men with whom he associated, suggested to his associates 
the propriety of forming an association of young men, for 
the purpose of affording relief to the poor and distressed 
victims of the epidemic, who were without the means of 
procuring medicine or nurses. His suggestion was imme- 
diately acted upon, and a meeting of young men was held 
at the Planter's Hotel, on Canal street, for the purpose of 
organizing the proposed association. Among those partici- 
pating at this meeting, and active membei'S of the associa- 
tion in that memorable year (1837) were the following: 

F. Mathewson, Virgil Boulement, Milton Boulmet, Wm. 
B. Rotta, Jno. C. Page, Jno. F. Dolan, Chas. H. Waldo, E. 
Hiestand, J. P. Breedlove, Simon Green, Ed. L. Nimmo, Jas. 
F. Rusha, J. D. Kenton, Theo. A. James, Thomas Y. James, 
L. C. DUlard, Alex. Levy, Almon Parsons, Thos. Love, 
Alex. Hazelett, P. W. Leslie and Jno. Leslie, Jr. Others 
were at the organization and active participants in the 
association, but owing to the destruction of the books of 
the Association by the burning of Odd Fellow's Hall in 1866, 
it is impossible to give their names. 



Nearly if not all of those whose names are enumerated, 
were members of Protection Hose Fire Company, of which 
Mathewson was also a leading member. When the name of 
the society came up for consideration, that of " Howard," 
the gi-eat English Philanthropist, was suggested by Mathew- 
son, who supported it by a few well chosen and pithy 
remarks, which led to its immediate adoption. Farquhar 
Mathewson was elected President, and Virgil Boulment, 
Vice President ; the other officers elected at the organiza- 
tion are not now recollected. 

The operations of the Association were confined to 
searching out the poor and helpless victims of the epi- 
demic, appointing Committees of members to set up with 
and nui'se the sick, which duty was most cheerfully 
acquiesced in by each member when his time came, whilst 
the duty of the Stewards were to visit each Committee 
during the night with refreshments. 

The first two weeks operation of the Association devel- 
oped the fact, that the poor and helpless victims of the 
epidemic were vastly too numerous to be aided solely by 
the limited means of the Association, when it was resolved 
to appeal to the well known liberality of the citizens of 
New Orleans, and in every instance their appeals have been 
responded to in the most liberal manner. 

The Association, during the epidemic of 1853 disbuised 
over $150,000 on some 11,000 sick and destitute. Duiing 
the epidemic of 1867, over $78,000 were expended on some 
5,000 sick and deslitute. 

The number of members is limited to 30, but there are 
not that number at present. 

The first President of the Association was F. Mathewson. 
At a subsequent date, Mr. D. I. Ricardo was elected Secre 
tary, which ofiice he continued to fill until his death in 
1863. 

The present officers are : E. F. Schmidt, President ; 
W. S. Pike, Vice-President ; John F. Caldwell, Secretary ; 
R. S. Robertson, Ti-easurer. 



CITY WATER WORKS. 



An Act of the General Assembly, approved April 1 
1833, incorporated the Commercial Water Works and 
Banking Co. of New Orleans, and among the conditions of 
their charter was the right and duty of supplying the city 
and its fauboui-gs with water at specific charges, except 
public institutions, which they were to supply with water 
free of charge. To the city was reserved the right to buy 
at the end of thirty-five years such Water Works as the 
company might construct, in accordance with which con- 
dition the city bought the Water Works in 1868 for thir- 
teen hundred thousand dollars in city bonds, and the ad- 
mmistration of the Water Works now forms a branch of 
the city government. 

The engine buildings are in the First District one and 
one-half miles from Canal street, about two hundred yards 
from the Mississippi River. Two engines of 700 horse 
power each di-ive four double acting pumps of the united 
capacity of a million gallons per hour. The water, in con- 
sequence of the fallmg of a wall of one of the reservoirs, 
is pumped directly into the pipes during the day. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY. ILLUSTRATED. 



47 



There are 56 miles of main pipe, formerly of wood or 
cement, but now in process of replacement by iron. The 
pipe from the river to the reservoir is 48 inches in diame- 
ter, that extending from Calliope to Canal street is 30 
inches. The rest are smaller. The hydrants number 
11,000, many of which are now closed. For fires and 
street cleansing there are more than a thousand fire-plugs, 
which being frequently opened during hot weather add 
much to the health and comfort of citizens. 

The water rate is, for one hydrant supplying a family of 
four persons, $12 per annum, and $1 more for each addi- 
tional member. The supply to each liydrant is more than 
twice as much as it is in any other city. General Braxton 
Bragg, in his report for 1859, shows that the daUy average 
to each person (allowing ten persons to each hydrant), was 
95 gallons. The water of the Mississippi, when filtered or 
settled, is entirely pui-e and free from organic matter. Sea- 
men find that it remains fresh longer than any other water 
taken on board their vessels. 

When the Water Works Company was chartered all that 
region above Felicity road was swamp or plantations. 
What is now Melpomene street was a bayou, the delight of 
half the boys of the city for hunting and fishing. What 
were then frog ponds and almost impenetrable swamp 
thickets, are now the sites of elegant residences. 

From 1845 to 1868, the Water Works were under the 
control of a Board of Directors, of which Felix Labatut 
was thb honored, able and very efficient President. He 
was aided by Paulin Diu-el, A. Carri6re, George A. Fre- 
ret, Frank Ferret and D. Lanata, members of the Board. 

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 



HANCOCK LITERARY ASSOCIATION. 



This large and f une-honored church, situated on Lafay- 
ette Street, opposite the fine square that bears the same 
name, is a brick edifice, 75 feet by 90 in length, and 42 feet 
in height. The main tower is 115 in height, the spire with 
pinnacle is 104 feet, and the entire height 219 feet. 

The body of the church contains 1311 sittings, and is 
usually filled to its utmost capacity. 

Attached to the church is a lecture room, 25 feet by 75 
in length, and 18 feet in height, which has 218 sittings; 
also a school-room with the same number of sittings, and 
two session rooms and a library. The architect of this fine 
edifice was Henry Howard; the builder, G. Purvis; and 
the artist, P. Gualdi, Esquires. 

The rostrum or pulpit, slightly elevated (in modem 
style) above the pews, is tastefully designed and elegantly 
furnished. The church, throughout, is richly, though not 
gorgeously, equipped. The orchestra, opposite the pulpit, 
accommodates a large choir, whose music, whether in 
hymns, psalms or anthems, always of a high order, is 
of the grave and noble style adapted to Protestant worship 
in the Presbyterian churches of America. Lofty and com- 
modious galleries, on a level with the orchestra, and to the 
right and left of the minister, are, especially at the morning 
■ service, and in the Winter seaso'", crowded with attentive 
listeners of all classes and colors 



This Association was chartered under the general laws of 
the State, June 1st 1872, to exist for a period of twenty- 
five years from the first Friday in March 1868, the date of 
its organization. 

The objects of the Society are : the cultivation of polite 
literature, oratory and elocution, by discourses from history 
and the Belle-lettres and by recitations from the poets. It 
is an Association identical in its character and aims with the 
Raven Club of Washington city, which, composed of the 
elite of the National Capital, met weekly antecedent to the 
late war at the residence of D. K. Whitaker, Esq., on 11th 
street, and whose meetings were, by that gentleman, reg- 
ularly reported for the press, he being historiographer and 
presiding officer of that well-known club. 

Mr. Whitaker is President of the Hancock club, and 
J. J. Foley, Esq., Vice-President. Both these gentlemen 
have been accustomed to deliver weekly lectures on recon- 
dite subjects in the more elevated branches of literature, ia 
which much learning is embodied. Distinguished visitors 
frequently take part in the discussions — always welcome 
and always appreciated. Since its commencement the So- 
ciety has slowly but steadily advanced. Recherche in char- 
acter, it is happily free from blatant demagogism in pol- 
itics, and absurd bigotry in religion ; indeed both these 
much-vexed and agitating subjects are excluded from its 
debates. 

The President, drawing on his large and matured re- 
sources, is accustomed to open the meetings, handling at 
will, various epochs of the English literature, and dealing 
with them as familiar things. 

Mr. Foley, Vice-President of the Association, has, during 
the years of .his membership, dating from its organization 
delivered discourses on the Lord Chancellors and Chief 
Justices of England, the Chief Justices of the United States 
— on epic poetry — the ancient and modern drama — on for- 
ensic eloquence, and the corrupt practices of the judicial 
tribimals of the past and present. These lectures have 
been marked by distinguished ability proving their author 
at once the able advocate and astute reasoner. 

An agreeable feature of the Society consists in recita^ 
tions, original and selected, by its lady members, who, 
though entirely ignoring the woman's rights dogma, as 
something unnatural and unbecoming, are still willing, in a 
quiet and modest way, to aid the cause of letters. 

Mr. Overall, a much admired and highly esteemed poet 
and journalist, is critic of the Association and one of its 
most brilliant orators. 

Weeldy meetings take place at the residence of the Pres- 
ident, and, on those occasions, as in the groves of Acad- 
emus, leaving the work-day world behind, intellectuality 
may revel in its higher sphere, and mind and heart be alike 
cultivated. 

It is the wish of its members to foster an especial esprit 
de corps, a love of letters in the Crescent City, which must 
always go hand in hand with refinement and civilization. 

The original and interesting matter presented at differ- 
ent times, before this Association, would furnish volumes 
of valuable and useful information. 



4S 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



THE MISTICK KREWE OP' COMUS. 



HISTORY OF THE KREWE AND THEIR VARIOUS FESTIVALS 

FROM 1857 TO 1873. 



Mardi Gras has ever been a memorable day in the social 
annals of New Orleans, and since the year 1857, its joys 
and festivities have been inseparably connected with the 
revels of the Mistick Krewe. Where they came from, what 
their history, and who compose the mysterious band, are as 
impenetrable mysteries now as they were fourteen years 
ago. This fact we do know, however, that the Krewe have 
become so much a part of Mardi Gras, that were they to 
drop out of the events of the day, the very life of that 
merry time would seem as dead. 

The near approach of the time when they will " walk " 
again, and the general awakening of public interest and 
anticipation — which ever recurs when Mardi Gras draws 
nigh — prompts us to relate the history of the Mistick 
Krewe and their festivals from their inception to the 
present time. 

In 1857, for some time before Mardi Gras, there were 
whispers that a fresh and novel entertainment would be 
offered to our people. Nobody at fir.st knew what it would 
be, but by some means it leaked out that an organization 
calling itself the Mistick Krewe of Comus, would appear 
upon the streets on Mardi Gras night in all sorts of fanciful 
masks and costumes ; that they would form in procession, 
march through the principal streets, and then retire to the 
Varieties, (then called the Gaiety) Theatre, where certain 
tableaux of a mythological character would be exhibited,' 
after which a grand ball would be given, to which only a 
certain select company would be invited. The affair 
created great interest and excitement, the gneater from the 
profound secrecy and mystery which surrounded it, the 
beautiful cards of invitation which were issued to the ball, 
and the complete ignorance of each invited guest of the 
source from whence the invitation came. 

After the first celebration of 1857, enough was known to 
satisfy the public that the Krewe were composed of pre- 
cisely the right sort of persons to make the affair a com- 
plete success. Their identity was appurently known to no 
one, and to this day the impenetrable veil which has cov- 
ered them so long has never been lifted. All sorts of spec- 
ulations concerning them have been indulged in. Yet no 
one can say that he is positive of knowing a single individ- 
ual connected with the Krewe. Thus far their incognito 
has been sacredly preserved. Without a doubt, however, 
they are all gentlemen of intelligence, wealth and social 
position, as the magnificent and select character of their 
entertainments fully testify. 

It was decidedly noticeable that the interest in the forth- 
coming celebration shows itself long before the day arrives, 
and there is always an eager desire to procure tickets of 
admission to the tableaux and ball. In the year 1866, a 
gentleman of this city, in his eagerness, advertised for a 
ticket, offering to pay therefor a large sum of money — but 
no one has been known to procure a ticket through his own 
exertions, or to use one not intended for him — the lucky 
individual receiving his card of admission in a manner that 



leaves him in a most delighful state of uncertainty as to 
how it reached him. 

The cards of admission and invitations to the annual balls 
of the Krewe ai-e magnificent specimens of the engraver's 
art, and by the receivers are highly prized and preserved 
as treasures. 

Having explained as much as we or any one knows about 
the M. K. C, we come to 

THE first festivai-— 1857. 

Mardi Gras fell this year on the 24th of February, and 
the festival of the Krewe was described " as the great fea- 
ture of the aight." It can readily be conceived that curi- 
osity concerning their appearing was at fever heat. They 
made their appearance in the streets — dressed in the most 
fantastic costumes accompanied by torchlights — which with 
the fearful looking masks they wore — made them as much 
resemble a deputation from the lower regions as the mind 
: could well conceive. After marching thi'ough the principle 
thoroughfares to the intense gi-atification and astonishment 
j of the throng gathered to see them, they repaired to the 
; Gaiety Theatre, which was soon filled with invited guests. 

In due time the Ki-ewe appeared upon the stage in the 
' tableaux, of which there were four. The first represented 
Tartarus. The characters in this scene were Pluto and 
Piosperine, presiding over the three Fates, Clotho, Laclie- 
sis and Atropos ; the three Fairies, Alecto, Tisiphone and 
Margaera ; the three Harpies, Aello, Oeyphete and Celeno ; 
the three Gorgons, Medusa, Sthreno and Euryale, with 
Ixion, Sisyphus, Tantalus, Minotaur, Cerberus, •Charon and 
Chimera. 

The second tableaux was the Expulsion. In this were 
represented Satan, Beelzebub, Moloch, Dagon, Belial, Isis, 
Osiris, Mammon, and a host of other iiifernals. 

The third tableaux represented the conference of Satan 
and Beelzebub. 

The fourth represented Pandemonium. This was de- 
scribed as a most magnificent spectacle, in which Gluttony, 
Drunkenness, Indolence, Avarice, Murder, Vanity, Theft, 
Discord, Licentiousness and Jealousy were personated, all 
being presided over by Satan, and flanked by Sin and 
Death. 

The different tableaux were arranged in accordance with 
descriptions in Milton's Paradise Lost, and the truthful 
manner in which they were represented reflected the high- 
est credit upon the poetic taste and judgment of the gentle- 
men composing the Krewe. 

After the tableaux the ball commenced, being joined in 
by the mysterious hosts and their guests. Upon the stroke 
of midnight the Krewe silently disappeared, leavuag their 
friends to continue the festivities. Thus commenced and 
ended the first festival of the M. K. C, which, from its 
brilliancy, gave promise of much in store for the future. 

SECOND festival — 1858. 

February X^th. 

As may be imagined, the interest and pleasure excited 
by the first appearance of the Krewe, created a lively ex- 
pectation as the time approached for their second appear- 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




COL. J. B. PRICE 















r/B- 




1 



I! 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



51 



ance. From the records, we learn that this festival exceeded 
in brilliancy and splendor anything which had until then 
ever been presented in New Orleans. The Krewe, upon 
this occasion, revived the mythology of the olden time in 
all its classic glory, presenting the pictures of the different 
deities which have for so many ages aflforded material to 
the poet, the painter, and the sculptor. 

The richness of the costumes and perfection of the ap- 
pointments, were subjects alike for wonder and admiration. 
The characters represented in the procession were : Comus, 
Momus, Janus, Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter, Flora, 
Pomona, Vertunus, Ceres, Pan, Fauns, Bacchus, Silenus, 
Satyr, Diana, The Muses, Vesta, Harpocrates, Hygeria, 
Esculapius, Fortune, Plutus, Destiny, Nemesis, Saturn, 
Cybele, Jupiter, Juno, Aurora, Phoebus, Apollo, Night, 
^olus, Neptune, Amphritrite, Pluto, Proserpine, Hecate, 
The Furies. 

As before, the procession woimd its way to the theatre, 
which was crowded to its utmost with the beauty and 
fashion of the city. 

The tableaux presented were, as on previous occasion, 
four in number. 

The first represented Minerva's victory over Neptune, 
before an assemblage of the gods. 

The second portrayed the flight of time, the characters 
represented being Castor, PoUux, the Hours, Time and 
Destiny. 

The third tableaux shewed a Bacchanalian revel, repre- 
sented by Bacchus, Silenus, Faunus, Fauns and Satyrs — 
Comus the Seasons, Flora and Momus. 

Tableaux Fourth was a procession by the Krewe around 
the Theatre, by which the assembly was enabled to look 
closely upon the rich and beautiful costumes which had 
delighted them so much. 

After the procession, the assemblage joined in the merry 
dance, and at midnight the Mistick Klrewe " folded their 
tents and silently stole away." 

THIRD FESTIVAL — 1859. 

This year, March 8, was Mardi Gras, and the two previ- 
ous exhibitions having assured the people that the celebra- 
tions by the Mistick Krewe of Comus were firmly fixed as 
objects of the greatest interest, expectation was on tiptoe 
for a repetition of the glorious pageants which even now 
lingered like a sweet memory. 

The procession this year represented the four old Eng- 
lish holidays. May Day, Midsummer Eve, Christmas and 
Twelfth Night. 

Twelfth Night was represented by two trumpeters, 
carrying trumpets of a most peculiar design. Herald and 
Ensign of the Lord of Misrule, followed by an enormous 
chicken cock. Pstge, bearing the crown ; Lord of Misrule, 
attended by his Jester, and the Abbott of Unreason as his 
chief adviser. Two Ushers and a group representing 
various games and sports. 

In May Day — were Jack in green, Tom the piper, the 
Tabor man. Scarlet and Muck, May Queen, Robin Hood, 
Friar Tuck and Stokesley. 

Midsummer Eve — introduced most odd and startling 
characters. St. George, followed by the Dragon, Puck, the 



Bear, Moth, Mustard Seed, Pea Blossom, and the other 
fairies of Midsummer Eve, surrounding Queen Titania, 
with Bottom transformed into a donkey. The Lion and 
Unicom. The great giants Gog and Magog. 

Christmas presented Harlequin following a grotesque 
gi'oup of Christmas carollers performing upon silent instru- 
ments of most ridiculous design ; Bell man, Christmas tree, 
Santa Claus, boar's head, plum pudding, mince pie, wassail 
bowl, barrel of ale, bottle of champagne, bottle of port. 

Arriving at the theatre, the tableaux were presented, 
and embraced the four seasons described, and in a manner 
most charming to behold. 

The ball and disappearance of the mystical crew followed 
as before, and the Sons of Comus lived once more but in 
the memories of those who had gazed upon their glory. 

FOURTH festival — 1860. 

By this time the Mistick Krewe of Comus had become a 
fixed institution, and their festival was looked foi-ward to 
as a part of domestic history. It was expected that the 
Krewe having gone on from year to year, increasing in 
grandness of display, would this year present an exhibition 
superior to all their previous efibrts, nor was the public 
disappointed. The procession eclipsed everything that 
had been attempted before. A tablet at the fi-ont ex- 
pressed the design upon it the inscription of the display, 
bearing " Statues of the great men of our country." 

Following were fifteen cars, each representing a block 
of granite, and containing groups of living statues of fa- 
mous historic persons. 

First Car — Christopher Columbus. 

Second Car — Sebastian Cabot, Vespucci and Carter. 

Third Car — Ponce De Leon, Narvaez and Alvaro, the 
early adventurers of Florida. 

Fourth Car — Ferdinand De Soto, Vanzano Menendez, 
Vasquez and De Gourguez. 

Fifth Car — De Bienville De La Salle, Father Hennepin, 
Landoinere, Jean Ribault, Lacaille and Nicolas Bone. 

Sixth Car — Sir Walter Raleigh, Martin, Frobisher, 
Gerold, Archer, Greenville and Ratcliffe, early settlers in 
Virginia. 

Seventh Car — Captain John Smith and Pocahontas. 

Eighth Car — William Penn in the midst cf a group of 
Indians. 

Ninth Car — Hendrick Hudson and Peter Stuyvesant, 
the Dutch discoverer of the Hudson River, and the Dutch 
Governor of New York. 

Tenth Car — Edward Winslow, John Carver, Miles 
Standish, John Alden, William Bradford, Edward Filly, 
Isaac Allerton and Roger Williams, the pilgrim founders of 
New England. 

Eleventh Car — Heroes of the American Revolution — 
George Washington, Lafayette, Marion, Putnam and Knox. 

Twelfth Car — Gens. Lincoln, Wayne, Gates, Mont- 
gomery, Schuyler, Lee, and Green — Generals of the Amer- 
ican Revolution. 

Thirteenth Car — The great statesmen of the American 
Revolution — Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Robert Liv- 
ingston, Thos. Jefferson, Patrick Henry, Roger Sherman, 
Richard Henry Lee, and John Hancock. 



52 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



FoUETEENTH Cae — General Andrew Jackson. 

Fifteenth Cae — lUiistration of the compromise of 1833, 
Henry Clay, J. C. Calhoun and Daniel Webster. The 
Statues, while dressed to represent the various characters, 
were white as marble from top to toe. 

As heretofore the Theatre was the scene of the crowning 
glories of the night, the tableaux were beautiful in design 
and faithful in execution. 

" The historic sculpture of America," was the general 
design of the tableaux, represented by ten different groups, 
embracing " Landing of Christopher Columbus at San Sal- 
vador," Ferdinand De Soto discovering the Mississippi, 
Pocahontas saving the life of Capt. Smith, Landing of the 
Pilgrims at Plymouth Rock, William Penn's treaty with 
the Indians, Declaration of American Independence, Monu- 
ment to the Generals of the American Revolution. The 
Compromise of 1833, The Hero of Chalmette — Andrew 
Jackson. 

The tableaux concluded, Terpsichore reigned supreme. 
True to their faith, the Mistick Krewe vanished at the 
sound of the midnight bell, and were seen no more. 

FIFTH FESTIVAL — 1861. 

The troubled state of the country, and the foreshadowing 
of civil war, led many to believe that the festivities of the 
Mistick Krewe would be held in abeyance ; but, true as the 
needle to the pole, the revellers appeared on Madri Gras 
night, the date this year being February 14. The line of 
procession was on Camp, Julia, St. Charles, Royal, St. 
Louis, Chartres, Canal and Carondelet, to the theatre, the 
crowds on the street making the aflfair a complete 
ovation. The representation was " Scenes from Life," em- 
bracing the four divisions — childhood, youth, manhood and 
old age. 

The costumes were gorgeous, and the characteristics of 
each age faithfully portrayed. Childhood was an infant in 
a cradle, followed by a nurse. Boyhood was surrounded 
by maskers, representing a kite, top, sweet cake, marbles 
and other boyish things. Youth was attended by the 
representations of virtues, aspirations, temptations and 
trials incident to that era. Manhood then came with the 
vices, follies and better qualities of mature life, all repre- 
sented by maskers. Old Age was accompanied by a similar 
band, and following all came Death. As usual, the events 
of the night were the tableaux and ball; of the former 
there were five, as follows : 

The Innocence of Childhood. The virtues and aspira- 
tions of Youth. 

The vices and follies of Manhood, 

Conflict between Virtue and Vice in Old Age. 

The triumph of Virtue over Vice, in which was repre- 
sented Childhood, Youth, Manhood and Old Age, leaving 
Vice and Folly behind and ascending toward fame. 

The tableaux being concluded, the maskers joined in the 
merry dance which was continued far into the night ; but 
after the witching hour of 12, the Krewe were no more 
seen, having faded away as they had done in every instance 
before. 

AX IKTEELUDE. 

The war had now burst in all its fury, and in the con- 



templation of the bitter train of realities following in its 
wake, the Mistick Krewe dropped from out the local his- 
tory of the city ; their memory was dimmed by the terrible 
strife which ruled the land; for four years the Krewe 
roamed no more ; where they went, or what they did, is 
known to none but themselves. However, with the return 
of peace, they once more appeared before the delighted 
gaze of assembled multitudes, and we chronicle the 

SIXTH FESTIVAL — 1866. 

The announcement that the celebration of the Krewe 
would be revived, created the utmost enthusiasm, and kin- 
dled anew the happy recollections of the splendors which 
had always characterized their displays. The day (Feb. 
13) was anxiously looked forward to, and when the night 
arrived the populace en masse thronged the streets to obtain 
a sight of the pageant which was about to resurrect itself 
from the ashes of the past. Their appearance was hailed 
with every demonstration of delight, and the people con- 
gratulated themselves upon the return of that spectacle 
which had come to be considered as an object of particular 
and peculiar pride. 

The features of the procession were appropriately sym- 
bolical of the return of peace. At the theatre, as of old, 
was assembled the wealth and beauty of our city. The 
tableaux were four in number, as follows : 

The Past — represented by the characteristic Strife, De- 
struction, Want, Grief and Terror. 

The Present — Washington approving the blessings of 
peace, surrounded by Industry, Commerce, Science, Agi-i- 
culture, History, Mechanism and Art. 

The Future — Peace and Plenty. 

The Coukt of Comus — represents the King of the Court 
entertaining his beasts in an unknown language. 

The ball followed as of yore, and again did the Mistick 
Krewe vanish from the gaze of the world ere the new-born 
day was ushered in. 

seventh festival — 1867. 

Mardi Gras came this year on the 5th of March, and as 
the grand firemen's celebration had taken place but the day 
before, the city was more than ever crowded with eager 
expectants for the forthcoming festivities of the Krewe. 
As suddenly and mysteriously as had ever been their cus- 
tom, they appeared in procession, coming no one seemed 
to know from where. 

The design of the display was the " Feast of Epi- 
curus," the costumes as gorgeous, their appointments as 
perfect as before, and their numbers somewhat increased. 
First came the Heralds of Appetite — Absynthe, Sherry and 
Bitters — followed by special aids. Oysters and Johannisber- 
ger ; Lords of the Ladle, with soups, led on the Knights 
of the Shell, such as shrimps, crabs, etc. Pages of the 
household our codfish aristocracy, followed by the Hog. 
The Rulers of the Roast, King Comus leading the Boeuf 
Gras, surrounded by all the vegetables of the table ; next 
came a basket of flowers, followed by the Salt Cellar, Mac- 
caroni Italienne, Canard Grecque, Pat6 des Oiseaux, 
GrenoueiUe Francais, Snipe au Diable, Sausage a la 
bow-wow. 

Then came the Knight and Lady of the Green Crests, 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



W. B. SCHMIDT. 



F. M. ZEIGLER. 




-A-ISTE) IIS.II'ORTBRS OF 



Dll^ iiHl 11 



'Qi 



Between Gravier and Poydras Streets, 

MEW OMLllAMS. 



J.p>,l: 



» t 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



55 



followed by a Salad Fork, Lettuce and Castors. The 
Knight of the White Crest, attended by Cold Slaugh, 
Cauliflowers, Artichokes and Asparagus, were followed by 
the Stewards in waiting, flanked by Jelly and Plum Pudding. 

Nest in order were seen the Grand Equerry and Lady, 
supported by Ice Cream and Strawberries, Ushers of the 
Court, Maccaroon, Meringue and Champagne. The Fruits 
of Victory now appeared, aided by Apples, Peaches and 
Plums. The Gentlemen of Cultivation were represented 
by Bananas, Pineapples, Oranges, Grapes, Melons and 
Bui'gundy. The " Ti-iflers of the Council" were Nuts, 
Confections, Omelettes, etc. The " Peacemakers " — Coffee 
and Cigars, Curacoa and Kirschwasser — concluded the 
Feast of Epicurus. 

The aifair was of the most magnificent character, and 
excited wonder and admiration, not only because of the 
elegance of the costumes, but for the very correct manner 
in which the many difiBcult characters were portrayed. 

At the Theatre the crash was as great as ever, and ex- 
pectation was at its highest for the presentation of the 
Tableau, on this occasion consisting of a single display — 
" The Goui-mand's Vision of Two Coui-ses and a Dessert." 
This tableaux was most elaborately gotten up, and embraced 
all of the members of the Mistick Krewe, who represented 
at the banquet the vaiious dishes known to civilization. 
The press of the day pronounced it the most beautiful and 
appropriate of all the Tableaux which the Ki'ewe had ever 
given. 

Again did Terpsichore rule Queen of the night, and 
again did the Krewe melt into thin air, as they did on so 
many occasions before. Whether they remained there, or 
whether they reappeared in mortal form we cannot say, 
but we do know that they came again upon the occasion 
of the 

EIGHTH FESTIVAL — 1868. 

February 26th ushered in Mardi Gras, and the return of 
the Krewe to the scenes of their foi-mer triumphs. The 
subject chosen for the display of this year was Moore's 
Lalla Rookh, one requiring a full appreciation of the poef s 
theme, and a particular attention to detail, and which, at 
the hands of its faithful expounders, met with such por- 
trayal, that none could be at a loss to know and feel the 
perpetuation of the beautiful story. 

The pageant was formed to represent the entrance of 
Lalla Rookh into Delhi — and she could not have been more 
thoroughly welcomed than was the Mistick Ki'ewe by the 
thousands who thronged the streets upon this occasion. 
Leading the procession came a cavalcade of horsemen bear- 
ing aloft the blazing insignia of royalty, and blazing with 
jewels and gaudy colors. 

In their train were the mighty Fadladeen, young Fera- 
morz and the rest of the courtiers appointed to accompany 
" Tulip Cheek " to her bridal. Then came the elephants, 
bearing aloft in the palanquins the princess and her atten- 
oant houris. Interspersed in the procession were foot sol- 
diers and attendants, bearing aloft many colored lanterns 
of strange and fanciful shape, and drooping garlands on 
their lances. 

The line of horsemen was closed by a similar body, such 



as in the olden time galloped through the streets of Stam- 
boul, and bore the banner of Islam to victory. 

As the glorious vision passes from view, with its wealth 
of roses, light, fair women, and brave men, the spell was 
over all, that Comus was yet monarch of his own phantom 
realm, with all its dazzling glory and mystery. 

The selections of Tableaux for this year exhibited the 
refined taste of the gentlemen composing the Krewe, and 
nothing which they had presented before was richer or 
rarer. 

We give the list of tableaux as embodied in the immortal 
poem. 

The Veiled Prophet of Khorassan — His Court ; The 
Oath ; The Banquet. 

Paradise and the Peri — Gates of Heaven ; Patriotism ; 
Devotion ; Contrition ; The Gift Most Dear to Heaven. 

The Fire Worshippers — Discovery ; Death of Hafed. 

The Light of the Harem — Feast of Roses. 

" At the end of the hall stood two thrones as precious as 
the Cerulean Throne Koolburga, on one of which sat Aliiis, 
the youthful King of Bucharia, and on the other was in a 
few minutes to be placed the most beautiful princess in the 
world. 

"Immediately upon the entrance of Lalla Rookh into the 
saloon, the monarch descended from his throne to meet her, 
but scarcely had he time to take her hand in his, when she 
screamed with surprise and fainted at his feet. 

" It was Feramoi'z himself that stood before her. Fera- 
morz was himself the sovereign of Bucharia, who, in this 
disguise had accompanied his young bride from Delhi, and 
having won her love as an humble minstrel, now amply de- 
served to enjoy it as a King." 

The march by the Krewe, the ball and the flitting away 
of the mysterious shadows completed this most successful 
display of 1868. 

XINTH FESTIVAL. — 1869. 

Mardi Gras came early this year falling on the 9th of Feb- 
ruary. The procession of the Mistick Krewe upon this oc- 
casion represented the Five Senses, or Sight, Soimd, Smell, 
Taste and Touch. 

Each sense was represented by a pallid antique statue in 
character. The first personated Phoebus in his car of light 
drawn by four coursers. Then followed Ceres as the God- 
dess of fruit, Orpheus as the Type of Music, Flora as the 
representative of Smell, and Venus as the personator of 
Touch. These emblematic representations gave ttte per- 
formers an opportunity of representing in a fantastic and 
amusing manner, various species of animals, insects, fruits 
and flowers. 

During the procession a serious accident occurred, oc- 
casioned by the falling of a gallery on Camp street, precip- 
itating many people into the street, resulting in serious in- 
jury to quite a number. 

The usual route was passed through — the customary call 
upon the Mayor was made — and the pageant wended its 
way to the Opera House where the tableaux and ball were 
to crown the festivities of the night. 

The Tableaux were as follows : 

Phoebus and his types of Light. 



56 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



Orpheus and the types of Sound. 

Flora, the Goddess of Flowers, with her types of Smell. 

Ceres, daughter of Saturn, and Rhea, bursting Uke a 
ripe peach from her types of Taste. 

Venus, the child of Jupiter and Dione, with her types of 
Touch. 

The last scene, the Revel of the Passions, embodied a 
melange of all the characters, with the Genius of Decay in 
strong contrast. 

Thus ended the Ninth Festival of the Mistick Krewe, 
which, like those which had preceeded it, furnished a 
source of delight and sweet remembrance to the multitude, 
and maintained the weU-earned reputation of the merry 
King Comus. 

TENTH FESTIVAL — 1870. 

Shrove Tuesday entered the year on the first of March, 
and found the eager and excited populace anxious to live 
over again the pleasant dreams which the revels of the 
Mistick Kerwe had now made a part of existence. 

The subject chosen for the display this year was the His- 
tory OF LouisiAifA, and was represented most beautifully 
and appropriately in statuary. 

First came old " Mische-Sepe," the Father of Waters, 
mounted on a ghostly-looking horse, followed by sixteen 
cars, bearing the representatives of the different eras in the 
History of the State. 

Car No. 1 — Louisiana, weaiing as a crown a coat of 
arms, and in her hand a shield ; standing near her New Or- 
leans wearing a crown with a crescent. Next to these 
stood the personators of Sugar, Cotton and Rice. 

Car No. "2 — Year 1539. — Ferdinand De Soto, surrounded 
by Juan D. Guzman, Pedro Calderon, Numo Tobar and 
Musco de Alvardo. 

Car No. 3 — Year 1539. — Seven figures on this car : 
Vanconcellos De Silva, Gonzalo De Cordova and the five 
Spanish soldiers who made with De Soto that wondrous 
march from Florida to the Mississippi. 

Car No 4. — The central figure is the Indian Princess 
who made the gallant Fernando welcome to the country of 
Cofaciquis. She is surrounded by representations of the 
different tribes of Indians, upon whom fell the burden of 
the vindication of their race. 

Car No. 5 — Year 1673. — Two priests are seen teaching 
to the Indians by whom they are surrounded, the truths of 
the Gospel. 

Car No. 6. — La Salle, on horseback, stands forward a 
representative of another phase of civilization. His faith- 
ful fi'iends, Tontin and Father Hennipen, are with him. 

Car No. 7 — Year 1700. — In this are Iberville and 
Joinville, Counts Pontchartrain, De Maurepas, Curate de 
la Vente and Marigny de MandeviUe, honored names in the 
history of Louisiana. 

Car No. ?.— The central figure is Bienville — the true 
French chevalier. With him are the Sceur Denis and Dona 
Marie ; around him is a trio of Governors, who repre- 
sented, with varying credit, His Most Christian Majesty in 
Louisiana. Their names are Lamonth Cardilac, De 
L'Epinay and Fierier. 



Car No. 9 — ^Year 1727. — Religion heads the list, with 
the figure of a Jesuit Priest and two nuns. 

In striking contrast is the martial figure of General 
Groudel, a dashing French officer, fianked by the Marquis 
Vandrieul and Gov. Kerlerec. 

Car No. 10. — There is presented here Gen. O'Reilly and 
Don Juan Ualoa, first Spanish Governor of the Ten-itory. 
At the side of Don Juan is the Marchioness D'Abrado, 
a beauty of the period. Next to them is La Frenier. 
Father Dagobert, a noted priest of the day, closes the 
picture. 

Car No. 11— Year 1772 to 1797.— The Governors of 
the Territoi-y from 1792 to 1797. Don Luis Ungaso. 
Governor in 1772; Don Bernardo de Galvez, in 1777; 
Miro, in 1784 ; Baron Carondelet, in 1790 ; and General 
.Gayoso, in 1797. 

Car No. 12 — 1799 to 1803. — Marquis Casacalvo, who 
ruled the State in 1799, and Don Manuel de Lalado, who 
governed in 1803. Next to them, Robert Livingston, Jas. 
Madison and James Monroe, the distinguished characters 
in the history of our country, who were charged by the 
Government with the purchasing of Louisiana from the 
French. 

Car No. 13, 1803.— This is a sequel to the last design. 
Napoleon has resolved to accept the §15,000,000 from the 
United States, and the group represents Gov. Claiborne 
and Gen. Wilkinson receiving the territory from the 
French Commissioner Laussat. The two remaining 
figures are Etienne Bor6, first Mayor of New Orleans, and 
Girod, the second Mayor. 

Car No. 14, 1815. — General Jackson on horseback, sur- 
rounded by his staff. Major Latour, a gallant Frenchman, 
Major Thomas Butler and Generals Coffee and CarroU. 

Cab. No. 15, 1815. — In this are seen Pierre and John La- 
fitte famous in history as the Pu-ate Brothers, but who earned 
the names of patriots when they offered themselves with 
six hundred comrades to the service of Jackson. With 
them are seen Generals Thomas, Winchester, Labatut and 
Morgan. These men tell the story of the army of deliver- 
ance of Louisiana. 

Car No. 16. — This is the last, and contains General Vil- 
lere, a gallant looking man, representing worthily one of 
the highest and most ancient of Creole families. With him 
are General Adau-, of Kentucky, Major Plauche, Col. Ed- 
ward Livingston and Commodore Patterson. 

The design of this year's display Avas not only rich but 
it was historically valuable. It recalled to the people the 
deeds and names of those who for them fought with savage 
tribes, and hazarded life and comfort in a dream of empire, 
to result, in after years, to the benefit of their descend- 
ants. 

The procession closed, the Theatre was the future scene 
of the closing revels, where the Tableaux and ball were to 
take place — which we give as follows : 

Tableai: First — Louisiana; her Daughter, New Or- 
leans ; her Wealth, Cotton, Sugar, Rice ; Miche-Sepe, the 
Father of Waters. 

Tableau Second — Death of De Soto at the mouth of 
the Red River, in 1542. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



59 



Tableau Third — Reception of Father Marquet and 
Joliet by the Indians, in 1678. 

Tableau Fourth — La Salle taking possession of Lou- 
isiana in 1682, " In the name of the Most Puissant, Most 
High, Most Invincible, and Victorious Prince Louis, the 
Great King of France." 

Tableau Fifth — Crowning the Hero. — On a raised 
platform the " man of iron will," glorious old Jackson, was 
seen standing, while the maiden Louisiana held out her 
hand over his head in the act of crowning him with the 
laurel wreath of victory, mingled with the olive leaves of 
devotion and tove. Other figures were grouped around. 

Tableau Sixth — Louisiana — Her Founders and De- 
fenders — The grandest efi'ort of the evening, and pro- 
nounced by all who saw it the most perfect, beautifully con- 
ceived, and handsomely grouped tableau ever beheld. 

Words cannot convey the beauty and expression of the 
group. Louisiana appeared on a pedestal, with her 
daughter. New Orleans, and her friend Miche-Sepe on 
either hand, while in front stood the representatives of her 
wealth — Cotton, Sugar and Rice. Lower down were 
grouped the different characters who had appeared in the 
previous tableaux, while on her right and left, a little re- 
tired, mounted on their favorite horses, were those great 
heroes and our nation's idols, Washington and Jackson. 

The tableaux concluded, the ball followed, and thus for 
the tenth time the Mistick Krewe flashed across the com- 
mon-placed existence of mortality. 



MECHANICS INSTITUTE AND ]NEW ORLEANS 
MECHANICS' SOCIETY. 



The Mechanics' Institute is among the largest and most 
imposing of the public buildings of New Orleans. It is 
built of brick, painted and stuccoed in imitation of granite. 
It is well lighted on both sides and in front. The lower 
floor is occupied as the Library and Committee room of the 
New Orleans Mechanics' Society ; two large rooms are oc- 
cupied as the State Executive office ; the Secretary of 
State has his office in another, and the Hall, intended as the 
lecture room of the Society, is appropriated to the State 
Senate. The second story, reached by two broard stair- 
cases, is lofty, light and airy. It contains besides, two 
large apartments, the vast assembly room now employed as 
the Hall of the Louisiana House of Representatives. The 
third story is used now as committee rooms, the windows 
of which command a view of a large part of the city, being 
higher than the roofs of houses in the vicinity. 

This substantial and stately building was the work of the 
New Orleans Mechanics Society, and it occupies the site of 
the original institute, which was burned in 1854. The So- 
ciety was instituted in 1806, the officers for the year 1807 
being, H. M. Dobbs, President, Peter Craig, Vice-Pres- 
ident, Nicholas Sinnot, Treasurer , and James Armitage, 
Secretary. The corporators announced in their Constitu- 
»ion, that their objects were : "to relieve the wants, comfort 
ti\e sufiferings and promote the happinsss of their fellow 
01 satures," which they held to be essentially the duty of 
all. The Society was incorporated by an act of the legis 



lature of 1821, H. M. Dobbs, Nicholas Sinnott, Moses 
Duffy, Peter K. Wagner, Hugh Carr, W. Liddell, John 
Veasey and Martin Gordon being the first incorporators as 
named in the act. 

The term, (20 years,) was extended by an act of 1838 for 
thirty years more. By an act of 1850, the State gave to 
the Society a lot, seventy feet front on Philippa, (now Dry- 
ades) Street, and one hundred and fifty feet deep, on con- 
dition of erecting a suitable Hall thereon. This is the site 
of the present Institute. In 1863 the Fisk Free Library, 
originally presented by Mr. Fisk to the City of New 
Orleans, was transferred to the care, possession and control 
of the Mechanic's Society, to be used as a Free Library ac- 
cording to the bequest of the philanthrophic donor, to be 
kept open to the public six hours each day. At the same 
time the Library Building at the comer of Custom House 
square and Bourbon streets, was transferred to the Society 
in order that its rents might be applied to the preservation 
and enlargement of the library. 

This library was nearly destroyed by the fire of 1854, 
but the few thousand volumes which were saved have since 
grown into a respectable collection, enjoyed daily by many 
visitors. 

In 1870 the Register of the Society bore 867 names of 
members, of whom 516 are dead and 71 resigned. Among 
these members have been some of the worthiest of the 
public-spirited men of the city who have contributed to its 
prosperity and honor by their intelligence, virtue, learning 
and high character. The charitable and useful works of 
the Society are beyond all estimate, while the scope and 
extent of its usefulness are continually increas- 
ing. 

Among the adjunct institutions of the Society is a Sa- 
vings Bank, authorised by an act of the Legislature of 
1863. The Bank is under the management of a Board of 
twelve trustees. 

The officers of the Society for the year 1872, were : John 
Mclntyre, President ; H. R. Swasey, Treasurer ; Luther 
Homes, Secretary ; and S. Jamison, E. M. Rusha, F. Wing 
W. McCulloch, Williamson Smith, John A. Shakespeare, 
Robert Roberts, Peter Ross, J. P. Coulon, James D. Ed- 
wards, E. Claren and Thomas O'Neil, the Executive Com- 
mittee. 



Coliseum Place. — This is a long, irregular triangle, 
having Race street for its base, and Camp and Coliseum 
streets for its sides, its apex being near Melpomene street. 
It is planted with shade trees, and is provided with seats. 
A drainage canal extends along the Camp street side and 
flows into the larger Melpomene canal. Many fine build- 
ings surround this Park (usually called a " Square,") among 
which are the homes of Mrs. Stickney, and of Messrs. 
Peale, Wilson, Hendry, Seeds, Moore, Renshaw and Vin- 
cent. The square is overlooked by the new Baptist Church, 
remarkable for its substantial structure and the graceful 
spire which is one of the first seen by the traveler as he 
approaches the city by the river. The small " Church of 
the New Jerusalem " is on Coliseum street just below the 
" square." 



60 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




MAYOR L. A. WILTZ. 



Mr. Louis Alfred Wiltz is a native of New Orleans, 
and, we believe, enjoys the distinction of being the young- 
est man ever elected in this country to the chief magistracy 
of a city of the size and importance of the Soiithem 
Metropolis. Mr. Wiltz was born in 1843, and is therefore 
under thirty years of age. He received his education in 
the Public Schools of this city at a time when they were 
much better organized and conducted than they have been 
since. When the State of Louisiana seceded from the 
Union in 1861, Mr. Wiltz, although not yet of age, entered 
the Confederate service and was elected captain of a com- 
pany of infantry, and after the fall of New Orleans, he 
went into the Trans-Mississippi Department, where he 
remained on active duty during the war, performing every 
obligation imposed upon him with characteristic intelli- 
gence and conspicuous gallantry. 

In 1868, Mr. Wiltz was elected to the House of Repre- 
sentatives from the ninth ward of New Orleans, and the 
next year he was also elected to the Board of Aldermen, 
of which body he was made the President by a unanimous 
vote. Mr. Wiltz's course as a legislator and a city admin- 
istrator was marked by sti'ict integiity and great vigilance 
in guarding the interests and vindicating the rights of his 
constituents, and the Democratic Parish Convention which 
met in 1869 acknowledged the value of his services by ten- 
dering to him the unanimous nomination for the Mayoralty. 
The municipal election which was to have been held that 
year having been postponed by an act of the Legislatm-e, 
Mr. Wiltz was again unanimously chosen for the same 
position in 1870, and although he did not receive his certi- 
ficate of election, it was genei-ally believed at the time that 
he had obtained a majority of the votes east, and that he 
was unfairly " counted out." 

In 1872, Mr. Wiltz was again nominated for the Mayor- 



alty by the Democratic, Liberal and Reform parties, and 
was elected by a very large majority over Mr. Fish, the 
radical candidate. 

Although he has always taken a lively interest in public 
affairs, Mr- Wiltz is not a politician, in the vulgar sense of 
the word, and in his case it may truly be said that the 
office sought the man, not the man the ofiBce. Since the 
war he has been engaged in commercial pursuits, and is a 
member of the well-known and highly respected finn of 
P. S. Wiltz & Co., commission merchants on Carondelet 
street. 

Mr. Wiltz has also devoted much time to the Public 
Schools of- his section of the city, and is also an active and 
zealous member of our Volunteer Fire Department. This 
intelligence, knowledge of the wants of the people and 
thorough acquaintance with the affairs of the city, admir- 
ably qualify him for the task of introducing order and 
economy into every branch of the municipal administra- 
tion, and his well known integrity and firmness of charac- 
ter are guaranties that the supervisory powers of the office 
shall be wielded by the new Mayor in such a manner as to 
hold every member of the city government to a faithful 
performance of their duty. 



E. B. BENTON, 



The President of the Accommodation Bank, was born in 
Vermont in the year 1832. His early occupation was that 
of a farmer, a pursuit he continued to follow in his native 
State until 1858, when he removed to Tennessee, and pur- 
chased the site now known as Fort Pillow. Here, through 
indomitable energy and unceasing labor, he succeeded in 
establishing a trading point, and attracting thither a number 
of settlers to locate with a view of building up a town. 
AVishing to enlarge his sphere of business, Mr. Benton 
visited Europe for the purpose of making contracts for the 
delivery of oak staves. Whilst absent the war broke out, 
and all kinds of business being suspended, he returned to 
New York, and there engaged in the practice of the law in 
Albany. After the occupation of Tennessee by the Federal 
authorities, he returned to Fort Pillow, and there re-estab- 
lished the trading post. Enjoying the confidence of the 
military commanders, he was enabled thereby to render 
many and valuable services to the Southern people in the 
vicinity, whom he knew by a previous residence in their 
midst, and whose respect and esteem he had secui'ed by 
uniform kindness and correct deportment. After the cap- 
tui-e of Fort Pillow by Gen. Forrest, Mr. Benton, who lost 
all of his property by the fall of the place, went to St. 
Louis, and there resumed the practice of his profession. 
He, however, did not remain there long, before finding an 
opportunity to make an investment of a large amount of 
capital in the town of Shreveport, La. 

Having secured the confidence and assistance of a 
wealthy gentleman in St. Louis, Mr. Benton established 
one of the largest and most successful business houses in 
Shreveport, and conducted it until 1 867,when he came to New 
Orleans, where he has since resided. By industry, frugality 
and discreet judgment, Mr. Benton has succeeded in accu- 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



63 



mulating an independent position, and his sagacity dis- 
played in the purchase of stocks has secured for him the 
directorship of several companies, and the Presidency of 
the Accommodation Bank, a position to which he has been 
twice elected. His management of this institution has been 
eminently successful, profitable to the stockholders and 
satisfactory to its patrons. This bank is established upon 
a firm basis, and its dividends will compare favorably with 
any similar institution in the country. As Cashier, Presi- 
dent Benton has the valuable assistance and services of 
Mr. Richard Wood, an experienced accountant and busi- 
ness man, whose devotion to the affairs of the Company 
has contributed not a little to its success. Although a 
Northern man by birth, Mr. Benton has become thoroughly 
identified with the South, and is as devoted to its welfare 
and prosperity as the most ultra Southerner. He married 
the daughter of the late Barton Lee of Mississippi, and 
since his residence in this State has become a large land 
owner. Never having be^n a politician or a partisan, he 
has avoided making enemies and he now enjoys the satis- 
faction of feeling and knowing that the community in 
which he lives cherishes no bitter animosities against him. 
On the contrary, those who know him recognize and ap- 
preciate his sterling qualities, whilst his general reputation 
is that of an honest, upright, and enterprising citizen, and 
a generous and benevolent man. Though comparatively 
just embarking in business in this city, a bright and pros- 
perous future is in store for all who possess the industry, 
perseverance and integrity of Mr. E. B. Benton. 



BENJAMIN MORGAN PALMER, D. D. LL. D. 



Rev. Dr. Palmer, one of the most distinguished divines 
of this city and of the age in which he lives, was born Jan- 
uary 2.5th, 1818, in the City of Charleston, S. C, where his 
ancestors were settled prior to the Revolution, and where 
his father before hhn was bom. 

The family was well known in that city, the grandfather 
living to the advanced age of 98 years, and one of the last 
links connecting with the Colonial History of South Caro- 
lina. The uncle, whose full name was transmitted to the 
nephew, was, for a quarter of a century, a leading pastor 
in one of its churches. The father, Rev. Edward Palmer, 
survives, at the age of 84 years, and is still a laborious 
pastor in the town of "Walterboro, S. C, having always 
maintained the character of an accomplished divine and 
most urbane gentleman. It is not too much to say that he 
has transmitted to his still more eminent son, as an invalu- 
able inheritance, much of the grace which marked the 
character of the beloved disciple of the Great Founder of 
the Christian Faith. 

Dr. Palmer graduated, with the highest distinction, at 
the University of Georgia, August, 1838; entered upon 
the study of Divinity in the Theological Seminary at Col- 
umbia, S. C, and was licensed to preach tiic gospel by the 
Presbytery of Charleston, April, 1841. 

He was married in October of the same year, to Miss 



Mary A. McConnell, a native of Liberty County, Georgia, 
and was, soon after, ordained and installed pastor of the 
First Presbyterian Church in Savannah, Ga. 

His ecclesiastical relation was dissolved a year after, by 
transfer to the pastoral charge of the church in Columbia, 
S. C. In this connection he remained fourteen years, 1842 
-1856, during the last three of which, 1853-1856, he 
filled the chair of Church History and Government in the 
Theological School at Columbia, in connection with his 
pastoral duties. 

A visit to the South West, in the interest of this Divinity 
School, during the Winter of 1855, brought him into ac- 
quaintance with the First Presbyterian Church, New Or- 
leans, then vacant by the removal to California of its 
former pastor, Rev. W. A. Scott, D. D., and resulted, after 
negotiations protracted through a portion of two years, in 
his settlement in this important church, in December, 1856. 
Here his labors have been continued to the present time. 

In the year 1847, in connection with the Rev. Drs. 
Thornwell, Howe, Smythe, and other distinguished men, 
he became one of the projectors and editors of "The 
Southern Presbyterian Review," a,ii able religious quartei'ly, 
published at Columbia, S. C, and which has maintained an 
almost uninterrupted existence, being now in its 23d 
volume. 

The Honorary Degree of Doctor of Divinity was con- 
ferred on him, in 1852, by Oglethorpe University in the 
State of Georgia, and that of Doctor of Laws, in 1870, by 
Westminster College, in the State of Missouri. 

At the formation of the General Assembly of the South- 
em Pre-sbyterian Church, in 1861, he was' called to preside 
over that venerable Court at its first sessions in the city of 
Augusta, Ga. 

Few American divines. North, South, East or West, 
have obtained a reputation for eloquence equal to that of 
Dr. Palmer, none surpass him in theological or secular lore. 
To intellectual powers of a high order, admirably trained 
and disciplined, he unites an amount and variety of learn- 
ing seldom attained. Literary associations and even Uni- 
versities receive, rather than confer, honor, by his accep- 
tance of their appointments to address them on important 
occasions. Envy and jealousy are silenced and overcome 
by the singular modesty and thorough absence of all 
assumption, which are characteristic traits of this distin- 
guished scholar. In the respect that is entertained for 
him, in the secret and overt influence he exerts, no divine 
belonging to the great Presbyterian Church of the United 
States stands in advance of Dr. Palmer. Even those sects, 
denominations and churches in New Orleans, which occupy 
other platforms of religious faith, acknowledge his rare 
genius, his profound learning, his wondrous eloquence, his 
possession of all those fine qualities of mind and heart, and 
his manifestation of all those christian virtues and sympa- 
thies, which constitute the model diqine. The Crescent 
City is proud of his reputation, and his own numerous, in- 
telligent and wealthy congregation regards him with en- 
thusiastic devotion. 



64 



JEWELoL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




PAUL FOURCHY. 



Mr. p. Fourchy, President of the Merchant's Mutual 
Insurance Co., and of the Mutual National Bank of New 
Orleans, is the youngest of our Bank Presidents, having- 
been born iu 1832. Mr. Fourchy is a native of New Or- 
leans, and an excellent home education was the only inheri- 
tance he received from his father, a distinguished French 
officer, who commanded a cavalry regiment under the first 
Napoleon. Commencing life without any of the adventi- 
tious influences which usually lead to success, Mr. P. 
Fourchy owes his present high position to his own industry 
and good conduct, united with a remarkably clear and well 
disciplined intellect. In addition to his fine business abili- 
ties, Mr. Fourchy is a man of liberal and enlarged views, 
always ready to take the initiative in all improvements and 
to lend his assisstance to every enterprise calculated to pro- 
mote the public good ; nor is he to be turned aside from 
what he deems the right com-se, by outside pressure or 
popular clamor, his rule of conduct being, ''jFais cc que dois 
advienne que jyoim-a." Mr. P. Foiu-chy commenced life as 
clerk in the well known banking house of Messrs. Jeannet, 
Quertier & Co., and was subsequently connected in the 
same capacity with that of Mr. Pierre Poutz, of this city. 
In 1857, he received the appointment of general account- 
ant of the Merchants's Mutual Insurance Co., was pro- 
moted in 1864 to the position of Secretary, and finally on 
death of the esteemed President of that company, the late 
John Pemberton, he was unanimously selected as his suc- 
cessor. During the few leisure hours allowed to him, by 
his laborious duties, Mr. Fourchy found time to qualify 
himself for admission to the bar, and received his diploma 
in 1854; and although the engrossing nature of his avoca- 
tions never permitted him to engage into active practice he 
is generally admitted by competent judges to be very ac- 
curate in all questions relating to the laws of Insurance. 



THOMAS A. ADAMS, ESQ. 



This gentleman, a native of Boston, Mass., came to New 
Orleans in the winter of 1842—3, as the representative of 
the Mutual Safety Insurance Company of New York, and 
introduced here the Mutual Scrip System of Insurance. 

At the time of the arrival of Mr. Adams, five local stock 
companies were doing the entire insurance business of the 
city. 

TIis Fireman's Insurance Company soon failed. The 
Western and the Ocean, in a few years, went into liquida- 
tion. The Merchant^ and the Neio Orleans, which com- 
pleted the list, continued with greatly impaired capitals, 
and with limited business, mostly fire ; but they continue 
to this day, with amended charters, converted into mutual 
companies, and with enlarged capitals, and greatly in- 
creased business. 

Soon, other agencies followed, and they so multiplied 
that they controlled the principal business of the city. 

On reviewing the history of insurance in New Orleans, 
Mr. Adams discovered the important fact that ultimate 
success had never attended any local insurance company, or 
any agency. Pursuing his research, another fact was 
developed, viz : that there had never been any bond of 
union with the underwriters ; and believing this to be the 
true cause of failui-e in connection with the leading insui-- 
ers, he sought, and, in 1846, obtained, the formation of a 
Board of Underwriters, and to that association he attri- 
butes the large and general success that has attended the 
Isurance interest of New Orleans. Aug. Martin, Esq., the 
highly respectable President of the New Orleans Insurance 
Company, was its first President. On his removal to 
France, Leonard Mathews, Esq., was his successor ; and 
on his death in 1854, Mr. Adams was elected President, 
and has annually been unanimously reelected during the 
eighteen following years. 

The Crescent Mutual Insui'ance Company was incor- 
porated in 1849, Mr. Adams as its Vice-President. In 
1850, he was unanimously elected its President, which 
position he still holds. 

Other local companies, chartered under the Mutual 
Insurance system, succeeded each other, all important 
agencies gradually retiring ; and the insurances which, for 
a series of years, had been transacted by agencies, were 
now again in the hands of the local companies, who have 
since controlled them to a large extent. 

Before the war, Mr. Adams was, for a number of years. 
President of the New England Society, compo.'ied of manj' 
of our leading citizens, a society purely social and chari- 
table, and, we may add, doing great good in its day, aiding 
the poor, visiting the sick, and relieving the distressed. 

Mr. Adams was an active member and trustee, for many 
years, of the Church of the Messiah, and was one of the 
largest contributors to the building of the new and beau- 
tifid church which bears that name. 

In the establishment of a savings bank for the laboring 
poor, upon a strong and sure basis, Mr. Adams worked 
assiduously — was an original Trustee in the New Orleans 
Savings Institution, the leading association of the kind in 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




HON. L. A. WTLTZ, 



MAYOR OF THE CITY. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



F. -A.. Ca-OnSTZ-A-XiES. 



.A.. C3-0]SrZ.A.IjES. 



GONZALES BROS. 



Importers of 




*■ T 



M MM Am A mMmAMm 



^jC~ 






PM 



T 



^t*^ 



g^met ol §mmp mM ©©moioni SliFiitej) 



OFFOSITB TKB CIT-5^■ HOTEL. 



No. 2 Carondelet St., near Canal, and cor. Union and Carondelet Sts. 



All Cigars iully gtiaranteed imported and genuine brands. 



■ ■»<»>»> 



PARTAGAS, UPMANN LA CARONA, LA ESCEPCION, ETC., ETC. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



67 



the South. He is, now, its first Vice President — also Vice 
President of the Printing Institution of the Blind. 

With most of the various charitable institutions of the 
city, tlie name of Mr. Adams is associated. 

Quiet and retired in his habits and tastes, he has uni- 
foi-mly declined any proposition of a political or public 
nature— shrinking always from attracting any kind of 
publicity. With a large and well selected library, a devo- 
tee to his profession, he may be said to seek his happiness 
with his books, and in the refined domestic intercoui-se 
which awaits him, at his elegant mansion of Prytannia 
street. Here he is the earnest and sincere friend, the 
courtly host, and the frank, genial companion, fully in- 
formed on all subjects. 

An ardent and unpretending student, his compeers 
readily esteem him authority in questions of Insui-ance 
Law, and he is never happier than when giving them the 
advantage of his experience. It is not too much to name 
him among the leading financiers of New Orleans, yet one 
who seldom volunteers an opinion in monetary matters, 
until siunmoned from his privacy, and then pronounces a 
judgment which is accepted as law, and remains vmre- 
versed. 

Thirty years have nearly passed since Mr. Adams became 
a citizen of New Orleans. His life has been an open book, 
read of all men. Its pages have been stainless, and its 
records, in which manliness, virtue and- integrity are pre- 
dominant, have gone forth to eternity. Of him, we may 
say, in sincerity, what was said of the acts of Addison : 
" His logic fed his morality, and the uprightness of his 
mind carried out the justice of his heart !" 



COL. JAMES T. TUCKER, 

Was born in Salem, Massachusetts, March 16 1839, educa^ 
ted in the public schools, and at the age of sixteen was 
taken into the service of the Illinois Central R. R. Co., at 
the principal oiBce in Chicago, then under the adminis- 
tration of President J. M. Douglas. At the opening of the 
war, he entered the federal army as aid-de-camp on the staff 
of Major-General Banks, U. S. A., with the rank of Colonel 
in which capacity he served until the close of the war. He 
was acting Chief of Staff and private secretary to the same 
general officers dui-ing the Louisiana campaign. After the 
war he settled in New Orleans, as the general agent of the 
Illinois Central Railroad Company. In this capacity he has 
brought to bear an unusual degree of energy and business 
training. The particular commercial problem which he has 
undertaken to solve, is the establishment of a direct trade 
between the Lakes and the Atlantic States, with an exten- 
sion to the Spanish America or Tropical trade. He has 
exercised his influence with the Presidents of the Company 
who have visited New Orleans to inspect personally the 
feasibility of his views. As a result it has been determined 
to connect with the Illinois Central Steamboat and Barge 
navigation at Cairo; and second to extend the Mississipi 
Central, or the Mobile and Ohio R. R. from Columbus, Ken- 
tucky, along the river to a crossing of the Ohio at or near 
Cairo. This will make a through rail from New Orleans to 



Chicago without break of grade or change of car. These 
connections completed, the Illinois Central can now bill 
freights through between Chicago aaid New York, Havana, 
Vera Cruz and Rio Janeiro, or other points having connec- 
tion with New Orleans. It is undoubtedly the establish- 
ment of a longitudinal commerce which will connect the 
ever-expanding north-west with the American Continent, 
and its islands. Mr. Tucker is a representative man who 
brings the enterprise and capital of the northwest to develop 
the commercial future of the South. He has chosen the 
South as a permanent residence, and has united himself in 
marriage with a young lady of one of our oldest and most 
respected Creole families. As a yonng man he has a biog- 
raphy to make, but with his character, energy and the con- 
fidence of one of the largest and most influential Railroad 
Corpoi-ations in the West he may achieve much honor to 
himself and usefulness to the section whose interests he has 
done so much to harmonize. 



PIERRE SEVERE WILTZ. 



Mr. P. S. Wiltz was born in 1818, and is undeniably one 
of the most influential men of the race to which he belongs, 
particularly in the Third District of New Orleans, where 
he has resided uninteruptedly for the last forty-five years. 
Mr. P. S. Wiltz was born in the Parish of St. Charles, his 
father and mother being also Louisianians by birth, but 
tracing their respective ancestry to Germany and France. 
Leaving school when he was only thirteen years old, Mr. 
Wiltz went at once into the hardware business, which he 
subsequently left for the Cotton and Sugar Factorage, 
completing his studies by his own imaided exertions, dur- 
ing his leisui'e moments at home. The rudiments of the 
strong, sturdy, self-reliant character of the man, were thus 
laid down in early life, and the subsequent career of Mr. 
Wiltz has shown that the seed was not sown in barren soil. 
In 1844, Mr. Wiltz first entered public life, being elected 
to the City Council as a Democrat from a hitherto strong 
Whig district, nor was it possible for his political oppo- 
nents to unseat him at subsequent elections, although they 
carried the district by large majorities for all their other 
candidates. When the city was consolidated in 1854, Mr. 
Wiltz was also four times elected to the Common Council, 
by an almost unanimous vote. He was also sent 
to the House of Representatives, and was one of 
the leading members of the Secession Convention in 
1861. In 1855, Mr. WUtz was elected Clerk of the Second 
Court, over a very formidable competitor, and was again 
reelected to the same office in 1859. Mr. Wiltz is now en- 
gaged in the Factorage business, and is also a director in two 
of the most flourishing Insurance Companies in New Or- 
leans,the Merchant's Insurance Co., and the New Orleans In- 
surance Co. One of his partners in business, is his nephew, 
Mr. L. A. Wiltz, a rismg young Creole, who, after gallantly 
serving his country in the field, received the high compli- j 
ment of a nomination for the Mayoralty of New Orleans, in 
1870, and who is generally believed to have received a 
large majority of the legal votes, although his opponent i 
was counted in by the retm-ning oflScers. 



68 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



THE KING OF THE CARNIVAL'S STORY. 



His Royal Highness, the King of the Carnival, sprang 
into existence like Minerva, from the brain of Jove, full 
armed, on January 31st, 1872. The project was at first a 
novel one, lacking both men and means to carry it to a 
successful issue, and, as usual in such cases, a little ruse 
was employed to secure these two necessary adjuncts for 
its triiunph. The first public intimation given of the pro- 
ject appeared in an editorial in the New Orleans Times of 
that date, as follows : 

According to Mr. Greeley and all other great public 
lights, the raw material should never be wasted, and so 
think a few respectable and public spirited young citizens 
in regard to the annual display of Mardi Gras. Heretofore 
the maskers, who are generally out in goodly numbers 
upon that day, have wandered round in small bands loosely 
all over the city. These they propose to collect together 
on Canal street, at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, and arrange 
into a procession. Bands of music will be provided, and at 
the specified hour the Chief Marshal and his aids propose 
to be in waiting at the Clay Statue to take charge of all 
arrangements. Orders will be issued in time for more 
direct guidance, and it is expected that the ofiicers holding 
their commissions from the shadowy King of the Carnival 
wUl be obeyed in all respects with cheerfulness and alac- 
rity. 

No doubt the announcement will stimulate the young 
people to greater efforts, and New Orleans will, this year, 
revel in a day procession almost equal to the gorgeous 
night display of the Mystic Krew of Comus. 

The services of several gentlemen were now privately en- 
listed, and with such good prospects, that the same evening 
appeared the following advertisement : 

Notice. — The King of the Carnival herewith notifies all parties 
desirous of taliiug part in the Carnival Celebration to report to 
him immediately through their Marshals, stating character of 
display, probable number, and whether with or without music. 

In due time, positions will be assigned, and such arrangements 
completed as best calculated to make the contemplated procession 
a complete success. 

For the present, his Majesty's address will be " King of the Car- 
nival," New Orleans postoffice. KEX. 

New Orleans, January 31, 1872. 

Meanwhile, friends had been at work with subscription 
lists, encouraged by the liberality of a gentleman thus re- 
ferred to in the Times of the following day : 

Col. Charles T. Howard, having read in yesterday's Times 
of the laudable intention entertained by a band of enter- 
prising young men to organize the wandering maskers of 
Mardi Gras " into an army with music and banners," has 
placed in our hands one hundred dollars to further the 
merry purpose. This sum now awaits the personal order 
of the " King of the Carnival." Mr. Howard's prompt and 
liberal action, while creditable to him as a citizen, gives 
assurance that the enterprise will be accepted and encour- 
aged in a proper spirit by the public, for whose benefit 
and amusement it has been improvised. 

The project was already on the high road to success ; sub- 
scriptions flowed in liberally, and on February 1st the 
campaign was opened with the following publication : 

MARDI GRAS. 

As will be seen by the following correspondence, " The 
King of the Carnival " allows no grass to grow beneath his 



royal feet, and by proceeding in a systematic manner has 
already established his usurping authority in the cause of 
fun and frolic. 

All our people will be delighted at the prospect of thus 
having one of our olden glories revived, and what has here- 
tofore been a day of vagrant mtommery turned into one of 
grandeur and magnificent display, in which the fanciful 
tastes of the people wUl be allowed full license. 

His Majesty, though a king, is yet the most liberal one 
alive, and welcomes all to his revel, whether on foot or 
horseback, in carriage or in cart, though they come in num- 
bers like organized armies, or singly as spies, all are his 
subjects, and can share his glory. Let them beware, how- 
ever, how they disobey his orders, as he is said to be a very 
choleric, though a very good old party. And so " Long 
live the King," and may his reign be a merry one. 

New Orleans, Jan. 31, 1872. 
To the Hon, B. F. Flanders, Mayor : 

His Eoyal Highness the " King; of the Carnival," believing that 
both the peace and prosperity of the city could be better secured 
by organizing the wandering masliers of Mardi Gras into a proces- 
sion on Canal street, respectfully requests your permission to carry 
out his views, and the co-operation of the police in enforcing his 
"self-assumed" authority. An early answer is respectfully re- 
quested. KEX. 

To A. S. Badger, Superintendent of Police : 

The permission asked for above is granted, and I would respect- 
fully request that the police assist and protect the procession. 

BENJ. F. FLANDERS, Mayor. 



New Orleans, January 31, 1872. 
To His Royal Sighness the " King of the Carnival " ; 

The request referred to me (as above) by his Honor Mayor 
Flanders, is cheerfully acquiesced in. I will do all in my power, 
and that of the force under my command (as far as consistent 
with public duty), to make your Majesty's fleeting reign as power- 
ful and pleasant as it no doubt deserves to be. 

In accordance therewith, I hereby order all maskers of Mardi 
Gras to join in the procession under your Majesty's direction. 
Bespectfully yours, A. S. EAGER, 

Sup't of Police. 

The only difficulty remaining was a serious one. An un- 
known, yet efficient, authority had to be established over 
the people to which all would yield unquestioned obedience, 
while yet in ignorance of its character or personality. To 
achieve this, it 'was decided to issue a series of " edicts," the 
first of which appeared on February 2d, in the New Or- 
leans Tim.es, as follows : 

THE KING OF THE CARNIVAL. 

In the language of Louis Napoleon, if there are men who 
do not comprehend their epoch, the royal pei'sonage whose 
title heads this article, is evidently not of them. His steps 
at usurpation betray as much daring as enterprise, and 
from the meek manner in which his encroachments on 
supreme power are met, it is very plain that he will reign 
monarch of all he surveys on Mardi Gras. By the annexed 
correspondence, it wUl be observed that the military aim 
of the State yields without question to his shadowy author- 
ity, and will do all in its power to add to the glory of his 
evanescent reign : 

EDICT I. 

To WTwm it may Concern; Oreeting: — Our beloved subject, 
Charles W. Squire, Colonel Commanding Louisiana Field Artil- 
lery, is hereby ordered to hold himself in readiness with a battery 
of artillery at the foot of Canal street, on Mardi Gras, February 
13, 1872. 

Then and there to fire such salutes as may be deemed by his 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 





i® 



iHfif , m m 



mm^ 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



71 



Roj-al Highness, the "King of the Carnival," necessary to the 
proper maintenance of his state and dignity. 

Given under our hand and seal at Carnival Palace, February 1, 
1872. . REX. 



Headquarters Eegiment Louisiana Volunteer ^ 

Field Artillery, > 

New Orleans, Feb. 1, 1872. ) 

To His Boyal HlghTiess the King of the Carnival : 

Fully recognizing the supreme power and glorj' of your Majes- 
ty's authority, I respectfully submit to its mandate, and will forth- 
with take the necessary measures to station a battery of Napoleons 
at the foot of Canal street on Mardi Gras, February 13, and there 
await your Majesty's orders. 

Kissing youi- roj'al hand, I remain with much respect your obe- 
dient servant, CHAS. W. SQUIRES, 

Colonel Commanding La. Artillery. 

In addition to the above information, it has pleased his 
Mightiness to request from us a public notiflcation to the 
following effect : 

That large or distinct organizations need only communi- 
cate with him officially, previous to Mardi Gras. Small 
parties, or single maskers, in whatever guise they choose 
to appear, will find themselves provided for, and their 
positions assigned in the general edict, containing the pro- 
gramme of the procession, which will be issued in good 
time. All are welcome. God save the King. 

This was speedily followed by other edicts, as will be 
seen by the following extract from the Times of Feb. 3 : 

" VIVE LE KOI !" 

As an usurper the " King of the Carnival " is evidently a 
success, since history furnishes but rare examples in which 
ambition has met with so few obstacles in the pathway to 
power. 

If His -Majesty possesses one shining qualification supe- 
rior to all others, it certainly consists in what vulgar people 
wonld denominate " cheek." By a few well directed move- 
ments and judicious orders he has achieved a successful 
coup <U etat and will reign on Mardi Gras, with a title none 
dare dispute. 

With the example of obedience thus set in high places, it 
is expected that the people, who are more directly inter- 
ested, will yield an equally prompt and willing submission 
to all His Majesty's orders. 

The following edicts were yesterday promulgated by His 
Royal Highness : 

EDICT n. 

To His Excellency the Governor of the State of Louisiana : 

In order to avoid any unpleasant complications which might 
arise through conflict of authority, you are hereby directed to 
close your office on Mardi Gras, and during that period to refrain 
from the exercise, or attempt to exercise, any gubernatorial privi- 
leges or duties whatsoever. 

Further — In order to better preserve the peace and maintain 
the dignity of the realm, you are also directed to disperse that 
riotous body known as the Louisiana State Legislature, and close 
their halls of meeting during the same period of time. 

A prompt acknowledgment of your Excellency's submission 
will be esteemed a favor. 

Given under our hand and seal, at Carnival Palace, on this, the 
2d day of February, 1872. REX. 



State of Louisiana, Executive Department, 
New Orleans, Feb. 2, 1872. 
To His Royal Highness the King of the Carnival : 

The Governor of the State of Louisiana, entertaining the highest 



regard for your Majesty's person and authority, will feel honored 
in obeying your Royal mandates as far as lies in his power. 

He regrets that his influence with the State Legislature is not 
sufficient to control their action to the extent demanded, but will 
cheerfully ti-ansmit to that body youi- Majesty's gracious commu- 
nication. 
With a high sense of the honor conferred, he remains obediently, 

H. C. WARMOTH, 

Governor of Louisiana. 

Subsequent to the occurrence of the above important 
correspondence. His Majesty was pleased to order the pro- 
mulgation of the following : 

EDICT III. 

To all whom it may Concern, Oreeting : 

In view of numerous petitions laid at the foot of the throne— all 
to the following tenor : 

New Orleans, Feb. 1, 1872. 
Your Majesty would confer a great favor on a large number of 
employees, if you could succeed in having business suspended on 
the evening when your dictum \viil be the acknowledged law ol 
the city. Wishing you abundance of fun, and hoping through 
your aid to be able to assist in the frolic, I remain vour subject, 

EMPLOYEE. 

Now, therefore, we, the " King of the Carnival," do hereby order 
and ordain, That all private places of business in this city be 
closed at one o'clock, p. m. on Tuesday, February 13, 1872, 
(Old Probabilities permitting,), so that none of our beloved sub- 
jects maj' be debarred from participating in the honors to be 
accorded their liege Sovereign. 

Given under our hand and seal, at Carnival Palace, this, the 2d 
day of February, 1872. REX. 

In addition to the above we learn from one of the King's 
Chamberlains that the procession promises to be not only 
a complete success, but perhaps one of the grandest affairs 
that ever occurred in New Orleans. Masking parties are 
everywhere forming, among which are some com^posed of 
the wealthiest and most respectable young men in the city. 
All seem to have caught the spirit of the thing, and are 
reporting as directed to headquarters. The system thus 
introduced cannot fail to add greatly to the enjoyment of 
all parties concerned, including the public, and Mardi 
Gras promises to be this year an " upside down " day of the 
most comical yet orderly character. 

Next day the following notice appeared : 

" ate, every inch a kikg !" 

Is His Majesty of the Carnival. All day yesterday his 
cabinet was crowded with secretaries answering communi- 
cations and completing preparations for the grand organi- 
zation of Mardi Gras, his Majesty personally superintend- 
ing the duties of his ministers. Two edicts were issued 
during the day, which have not yet been promulgated. It 
was rumored however, aroimd the court yard of the Palace, 
that one was aimed at suppressing an important judicial 
body, and that the other was issued in behalf of the school 
children. 

The cheerful alacrity with which his Majesty's edicts 
have been obeyed has not been without a beneficial effect 
upon his health and spu-its. He properly regards this as 
not only flattering to his dignity, but as attesting a mark 
of approval on the part of his beloved subjects promising 
well for his reign. 

The Keeper of the Royal Boot-jack reported to his 
Majesty at a late hour last night holding a Council of State 



72 



JEWELL'S ORESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



upon the subject of the Committee of Fifty-one, which he 
is inclined to view as an insurrectionary body, he being 
overheard to say that they reminded him of an old flint- 
lock musket that would never " report and go off" when it 
was wanted to. 

It was officially announced during the day that five 
bands of music have already been engaged, and that organi- 
zations are daily reporting in greater numbers. Every- 
thing is now in train for a happy and successful issue. God 
save the King. 

Excitement had now been fired, and all the necessary 
preparations for the display were under way in competent 
hands. His Majesty's coffers were full to plethora, and 
nothing remained but to keep public attention aroused. 
With this design, the following appeared in the Times of 
the 6th : 

H. E. H. THE KING OF THE CARNIVAL. 

AKOTHER EDICT. 

The following edict, issued by His Majesty on Saturday, 
now for the first time officially promulgated : 

EDICT rv. 

To the Hon. Chairman of the Coiujresslonal Investigating Commit- 
tee, Greeting: 

His Koyal Highness, the " King of the Carnival," having a firm 
belief in the doctrine "Pleasure first and business afterward," 
hereby Interdicts any session of your honorable body being held 
on Mardi Gras, February 13, 1872, and respectfully invites its 
members to witness the glory of his regal state during his reign 
upon that day. 

He now awaits a signification of your acquiescence in this Koyal 
mandate. 

Given under our hand and seal, at Carnival Palace, February 3, 
1872. BEX. 



New Orleans, Feb. 3, 1872. 
To His Royal Highness the King of the Carnival : 

Bowing to your royal will the members of the Congressional 
Investigating Committee will obediently comply with your com- 
mand. 

With many wishes for a successful reign, we remain your 
Majesty's grateful servants. _ 

By order JAS. K. YOUNG, 

Secretary of Congressional Investigating Committee. 



COVET JOUENAL. 

His Majesty was in session nearly all day yesterday with 
his Council, and was pleased to signify his approbation of 
the conduct of the Recorders in deciding to adjourn their 
courts on Mardi Gras, without waiting for a royal edict to 
that effect. He expresse hunself so warmly in considera- 
tion of this delicate recognition of authority, that he was 
obliged to be vigorously fanned by the Lord of the Meer- 
schaum in waiting. His Majesty also completed the ap- 
pointments of his royal household, assigning the new 
officials their final duties in providing for his reign. He 
subsequently, during the afternoon, retired to the Divan, 
where he passed the evening in meditation, puffing vigor- 
ously at one of Don Jose Domingo's cigars. 

His Majesty, it was rumored, is somewhat perplexed in 
regard to the precise and proper relations to be established 
between himself and his royal cousin, the Grand Duke 



Alexis, who will be in the city during his reign. Upon 
this subject he is profoundly reticent, his silence being 
almost Grant-like in its grandeur, but as His Majesty has 
already proven himself a poor hand at making mistakes, 
no doubt the problem will be solved to the mutual satisfac- 
tion of both distinguished personages. 

In the course of the afternoon, many of his principal 
subjects called and earnestly solicited an audience with the 
King ; among them Col. J. B. Walton, Judge Cooley, D. F. 
Kenner, Judge Howe, Dr. Mercer, John Burnside, Chas. 
Cavaroc, Robert Moore, Mayor Flanders, Pat. Irwin, C. A. 
Weed, T. A. Adams, Jno. G. Gaines, W. S. Pike, E. Salo- 
mon, and many others. All these gentlemen were respect- 
fully but fiimly denied an audience. His Majesty having 
fully determined to hold no public levee until Mardi Gras. 
Of course the reception of this determination was received 
with profound regTet by the applicants, all of whom desired 
to have their compliments conveyed to His Royal Highness, 
by the Groom of the Royal Velocipedes, who was in at- 
tendance. 

Toward 10 o'clock p. M., His Majesty, as always his cus- 
tom of an afternoon, commanded the attendance of one of 
his Under Secretaries, who proceeded, as usual, to read 
him to sleep with the proceedings of the City Council. He 
was noticed to yawn repeatedly under the infliction^ and at 
11 p. M. fell off into a gentle slumber. 

At 11.30, a peaceful smile stole like an exhalation over 
his childlike and bland features, and the Royal Bootjack 
signified to his brother of the Dressing-gown, that " an 
Angel whispered to the King." This the latter, who is not 
much given to the melting mood, refused to " see," saying 
" Morelike he vas dreamin' he'd drorn a prize in the State 
Lotterree." 

At midnight the gates of the Palace were closed, when 
the sentinel's watchword went echoing from battlement to 
battlement, " Long live the King." 



Next morning the following short biography of His 
Majesty was laid before the public : 

H. E. M. 

SOMETHING AKOUT HIM. 

The King of the Carnival is the offspring of Old King 
Cole and the Goddess Terpsichore, whom, in imitation of 
Jove, he wooed and carried off, in the form of an Irish 
Bull. He is, therefore, gifted with immortality by virtue 
of his Olympian origin on his mother's side. He was bom 
somewhere upon the shores of the Mediterranean, about 
the eighth century, and in consequence is now, though hale 
and hearty, somewhat advanced in years. Upon arriving 
at man's estate he speedily conquered the whole of South- 
ern Europe, which he held under dominion for a long 
period of time. About two centuries ago he declared war 
against his cousin. King Gambrinus, who at that time held 
all Northern Europe under sway, and after fighting that 
monarch desperately a long time was finally conquered and 
driven into obscurity. During these dark days of misfor- 
tune, he sought refuge m England, where he assumed the 



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m 



w^ 



S 



1^9 



<p 




JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



75 



name of Joseph Miller, familiarly known as " Old Joe 
Miller," and devoted himself to politics, in which he subse- 
quently achieved some fame as the author of the Junius 
Letters and the founder of the London Punch. A few 
years since he returned to Rome, where he established a 
race course on the Corso, and made a desperate attempt to 
reclaim his dynasty. Failing in this, through the machina- 
tions of Count Cavour and Victor Emmanuel, he set sail 
for the United States, where he landed in 1866, and has 
since been living in seclusion at the South, managing the 
political affairs of its people. The prince of mischief- 
makers and jokers, he is credited with having inspired the 
queer governments and social relations existing in this 
benighted section. Only a few days have elapsed since 
his successful attempt at overthrowing the government of 
Louisiana, one of the most remarkable occurrences on 
record — in a cheeky point of view. 

His Majesty, in personal appearance, is more interesting 
than commanding. Rather below the medium height, an 
erect form surmounted with a well set head, covered with 
a profusion of snow white hair, and a long patriarchal 
beard, his aspect is at once venerable and imposing. His 
brow is wide and expansive, his eyes dark and glittering, 
always fixed, as it were, on a dreamy futurity. His mouth 
firm set and stamped with a perpetual smile. His face 
bronzed with the exposure of centuries, and his entire ap- 
pearance and bearing are calculated to inspire the most 
profound awe and respect. 

His Majesty has never married, giving as an excuse that 
this state should not be entered into until experience has 
sobered the liveliness of youth and all the wild oats have 
been sown. We give this latter piece of information for 
the benefit of the ladies who are already overwhelming His 
Majesty with billet-doux. 

It is well to note in the latter connection that the national 
air or anthem of the Carnival Dynasty, for many cen- 
turies past, hka been, as is at present, " If ever I cease to 
love." 

A bold stroke was now resolved upon, no less than a 
general edict closing the District Courts on Mardi Gras. 
In every instance the order was acquiesced in, eliciting in 
some instances letters in reply. We quote from the Times 
of the sixth instant : 

" BEX." 

THE KING OF THE CAEKIVAL ISStTES HIS EDICTS TO THE 
DISTRICT JUDGES. 

This (Monday) morning, the Judges of our several Dis- 
trict Courts were served with a royal edict emanating from 
His Highness the King of the Carnival, by which it will be 
seen that " Rex," with an assumption of sovereignty as 
sweeping as that of the most elevated monarch, has but to 
command his faithful subjects, even to the dignified Judi- 
ciary, faU down and obey. Annexed is a copy of the edict, 
a facsimile of which was received by each Judge : 

EDICT V. 

To our Beloved Brother, Judge ; 

Greeting— His Eoyal Highness the King of the Carnival, by vir- 
tue of authority in him vested, does hereby ordain and decree : 



1. That the District Court stand adjourned on or before 

the hour of 12 M., on Tuesday, February 13, 1872. 

2. That the Honorable Judge thereof immediately notify the 
officers thereof, and the bar practitioners of this royal mandate. 

All for the glory and state of their sovereign liege, whom God 
preserves. 

Given under our hand and seal at Carnival Palace, this the fifth 
day of February, 1872. KEX. 

In response thereunto the judges have signified their 
cheerful willingness to obey the royal commands, and have 
addressed His Royal Highness, by hand, as follows : 

FROM JUDGE ABELL. 
First District Court, Parish of Orleans. 
To His Majesty the King of the Carnival : 

Tour royal authority is fully recognized, and will be cheerfully 
obeyed. Respectfully, 

EDMUND ABELL, Judge. 

FROM JUDGE COOLE-i 

To His Royal Highness, the " King of the Carnival ;" 

Your Majesty — I have received your communication, enclosing 
yoiu- Majesty's edicts, to the eft'ect that the Sixth District Court be 
closed on Tuesday, the 13th instant, from the hour of 12 M., and 
also that I, as Judge of that court, notify the officers thereof, and 
the members of the Bar, of j'our royal mandate. 

I beg to assure your Majesty that I am anxious to comply with 
your desires ; that instead of adjoiu-ning my courts as you order, 
at 12 M., on the 13th, I shall have it hermetically closed at 3 
o'clock P. M., the day preceding, and shall so advise the officers 
and members of the Bar. 

Tendering to your Majesty my best wishes for a prosperous and 
jovial reign, I remain vour Royal Highness' most obedient servant, 
W. H. COOLEY, 

Judge Sixth District Court. 

FROM JUDGE DUVIGNEAUD. 

To His Majesty the King of the Carnival : 

Sire — I cheerfully acknowledge the receipt of j'our royal man- 
date, and beg leave to Inform your amiable Majesty that I will 
fiiithfuUy, as a loyal subject, comply with your request. Praying 
Almighty God that you may live thousands of years in our beloved 
city, I have the honor to be, of your Majesty, the most humble 
and obedient servant, LS. DUVIGNEAUD, 

Judge of the Second District Court, by the grace of your Majesty 
and the true people of this city. 

FROM JUDGE LEAUMONT. 

To His Royal Highness, King of tlie Carnival : 

Sire — A significant nod of the judicial cranium h.as just brought 
me near — nearer to the somewhat antique bench of his Honor, 
Don Caesar Leaumont, holding forth as Major Domo, sole Judge 
of the Fifth District Court for the parish of Orleans. 

That functionary now affectionately hands me your peremptory 
order and decree, directing the closing of his infirmary on Tues- 
day, February 13, 1872, and begs me to assure you that — 

He deems it not only a duty, but a pleasure to strictly comply 
with your Royal behests, feeling as he does that " the Court is in 
full accord with Mercadel," and that this case "presents no diffi- 
culty." 

I am further enjoined by Don Caesar to renew the assurance of 
his eternal loyalty. 

Thrice saluting, oh ! King, I am thine. 

LOUIS POWER. 
Clerk Fifth District Court, parish of Orleans. 
\ 

FROM JUDGE DIBBLE. 

Palace of Justice, 
Department of Prerogative Writs. 

To His Royal Highness, King of the Carnival : 

I am directed by his Honor the Judge of this our Court, to 
inform your Highness that in obedience to your royal command, 
our court will be adjourned on the occasion of the entrance of 



76 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



your Majesty Into this city, and that all of your Majesty's com- 
mands thereunto will be strictly obeyed. 

I am further directed by his Honor the Judge, to make his 
pledges of fealty to your Majesty. 
I have the honor to be your Majesty's most obedient servant, 

O. M. TENNISON, 

Register of Decrees. 

In addition to above, Judges Theard and Collens have 
given the bearer of His Majesty's edicts personal assurance 
of their compliance. 



Another batch of edicts appeared the following morning, 
and it was now very plain that His Majesty's authority was 
established beyond all cavil or dispute. We quote from 
the daily papers of the seventh : 

IMPORTANT EDICTS. 

FKOM H. E. H. THE KING OF THE CAKITIVAL. 

Now, by St. Paul, the work goes bravely on, and all the 
realm is alive with preparation. Never before was a con- 
queror more thoroughly successful. He has but to speak, 
and lo ! all hasten to obey. Below we publish the four last 
edicts of the King of the Carnival, which give holiday to a 
vast number of public employees, and all the public school 
children : 

EDICT VI. 

To J. B. Carter, Esq., Superintendent Public Schools, Parish of 
Orleans : 

Greeting— Bis Eoyal Highness the Kin^ of the Carnival, being 
desirous that the children of the realm should be afforded an op- 
portunity of participating in the honors to their liege Sovereign 
on Mardi Gras, February 13, 1872, hereby ordains and decrees, 
that all the schools under your jurisdiction be closed upon that 
day, and that you immediately take the necessary steps to secure 
the enforcement of this royal mandate. 

A prompt acknowledgment of your acquiescence in this order 
will be esteemed a favor. 

Given under our hand and seal, at Carnival Palace, this, the 
third day of February, 1872. REX. 



Office of Division Sdperintendent Poblic Schools, 
Sixth Division, 20 City Hall, 

New Orleans, February 6, 1872. 

To His Royal Highness, the King of the Carnival : 

The kingly decree of your Majesty, as to the public schools of 
this division, has been received, and in due submission to the 
illustrious mandate the schools \vill be closed on the thirteenth 
instant — Mardi Gras. 

I crave permission to add that your Majesty has no more faithful 
subjects than the " children of the realm " in the schools, albeit 
they themselves are, to a degree, sovereigns and rulers with 
undoubted, if not constitutional sway, in the nome dominion. 

AVealth, prosperity and great ^vit, and wisdom to your Majesty. 

J. B. CARTER, Superintendent. 

Wm. Rollinson, Secretary Board Directors. 



EDICT VII. 

To the Hon. C. W. Lowell, Posmaster, Neiv Orleans : 

Greeting — His Royal Highness, King of the Carnival, bv virtue 
of authority in him vested, and in consideration of communica- 
tions received to the following tenor : 

To His Royal Highness the King of the Carnival: 

Wishing to take an active part in the festivities on the thirteenth 
instant, I trust Your Majesty will request the Postmaster to ease 
his employees from slinging literature on that day. I am very 
respectfully, etc., yours, EMPLOYEE. 



It is hereby ordained and decreed that you conform as closely 
to the a6ove request as consistent with your public duties. This 
for the honor and glory of the King, who awaits a signification of 
your obedience. 

Given under our hand and seal, at Carnival Palace, this, the fifth 
day of February, 1872. REX. 



Post Office, 
Comer Canal and Old Levee streets. 
New Orleans, February 6, 1872, 



is,i 



His Royal Highness, the " King of the Carnival ;" 

Sire — Your decree of the fifth instant has been duly communi- 
cated to me, and 1 have the honor to inform you, that in obedience 
to your command, this office will be closed on Tuesday, the 13th 
instant, at 12 o'clock M. 

Your Majesty's most loyal subject, 

C. W. I OWELL, Postmaster, 

New Orleans, La. 



EDICT VIII. 

To James F. Casey, Esq., Collector of tlie Port of New Orleans : 

Greeting — His Royal High-iess, King of the Carnival, having 
been informed that a large number of his well beloved subjects 
are under your authority and control, hei'eby ordains and de- 
crees — 

First — That they be released from duty at noon, on Mardi 
Gras, under penalty, of our Royal displeasure. 

Second — That the revenue cutter " Wilderness " remain in port 
during the entire day. 

His Majesty now awaits notification of your compliance with 
this Royal mandate. 

Given under our hand and seal at Carnival Palace, the fifth day 
of February, 1872. REX. 



To His Majesty, the 



Cdstom House, New Orleans, } 
Collector's Oflice, February 6, 1872.5 

' King of the Carnival ;" 



I am instructed by Collector Casey to acknowledge the receipt 
of your royal command, directing the suspension of the collection 
of customs and the detention of the United States revenue steamer 
" Wilderness " in port during the Mardi Gras festivities, and to 
assure you that it will be his pleasure for to faithfully execute the 
decerees of your Majesty. Your loyal subject. 

E. P. CHAMPLIN, Deputy Collector. 



EDICT EX 

To Charles T. Howard, President Louisiana State Lottery : 

Greeting — It having come to the knowledge of his Royal High- 
ness, the King of the Carnival, that some three hundred of nis 
loyal subjects are temporarily under your control, therefore, 

Know ye, that this mandate hereby interdicts the transaction ot 
any business whatever, connected with the Louisiana State Lot- 
tery, on the day, (February 13, 1872) consecrated to His Majesty's 
reign. 

Given under our hand and seal at Carnival Palace, this, the 
sixth day of February, 1872. REX. 



New Orleans, Feb. 6, 1872. 

To His Royal Highness, King of ttie Ca/mival : 

Sire — Bowing in mute allegiance to your royal authority, 1 
hereby notify the public and all employees connected with the 
Louisiana State Lottery, that the regular day drawing of the same 
wiU be omitted on February 13, 1872, (Mardi Gras), and at the 
same time entresit them to do everything in their power to contri- 
bute to your Majesty's state and glory on that occasion. With the 
best wishes for the health, power and prosperity of your Royal 
Hiehness, I remain your humble servant, 

CHARLES T. HOWARD, 

President L. S. L. 

His Majesty desires us to state that in consequence of 
his secretaries and attendants being overwhelmed with 
preparations for Mardi Gras, he wiU issue no more special 
edicts. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



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(S), 








MM 






P) 



No. 87 CANAL STREET, (near Cliarties,) 

Opposite the Fountain. 




ALBUMS, STEREOSCOPES, 

PICTURES, FRAMES, ETC., ETC. 



^m^wQ^mmwmm €^&&m& &f Evmmr wsmmiprmM. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY LLUSTRATED. 



79 



The public for all futiare information is referred to the 
general edict of His Majesty, which will appear in all the 
papers on Friday morning. Meanwhile he can be addressed 
as usual through the post office. 

A day's rest was now taken, but on the 9th the work 
again commenced, as witnessed by the following extracts 
from the papers of that date : 

H. R. H. 

THE KING OF THE CARNIVAL. 

This potent Monarch, who seems to be as considerate as 
he is mighty, who tempers the exercise of unlimited power 
with profound judgment, yesterday sent us a Minister of 
the Royal Household to request, through the press, an 
explanation to the public. 

Among the many prayers laid at the foot of his throne is 
one signed by nearly all the bank clerks and tellers in the 
city, praying the issuance of a royal edict closing all banks 
and banking houses at 12 M. on Tuesday, the 13th inst. 

While maintaining direct personal sway over all public 
officials, and exacting the strictest obedience, he has so far 
avoided touching arbitrarily on any private or business 
relations of his well-beloved subjects, and is therefore com- 
pelled to withhold the special mandate prayed for. At the 
same time, feeling assui-ed that in a community so loyal, his 
slightest wish expressed, will be esteemed law, he expresses 
a finn belief that the closing of all banks and banking- 
houses, and, he might also add. Insurance offices, at 12 M., 
on the day of his reign, is one of the necessities of the 
times; and he feels sui'e that the officers of the same, in 
whom such authority may rest, wUl not wUliii^ly incur his 
royal displeasure by committing such an unpardonable im- 
propriety as to keep them open. The early action of the 
parties referred to, upon this hint, will not fail to find favor 
in His Majesty's eyes. 

THE BCEUF GBAS. 

One of the most interesting features of the Caniival pro- 
cession on Tuesday will be the BcBuf Gras, accompanying 
the butchers. The ox selected for the honor is a remark- 
able one. He belongs to Messrs. C. Mehle & Co., who 
intend decorating and parading him in return for his valu- 
able services. " Jeff. Davis " or " Old Jeff," as he is more 
familiarly known around the stock yard, is the leader who 
beguiles all the beeves on board vessels and steamboats, 
transfers them to the'pens and maintains a general super- 
vision over the doomed captives on their way to execution. 
He is a splendid animal, milk white in color, and exhibits 
extraordinary intelligence. He is said to hold conversation 
with his friend and keeper, whom he follows about like a 
spaniel, obeying the slightest word or direction. Messrs. 
C. Mehle & Co. think that " Old Jeff" is entitled to some 
public honor, before he goes the way that all good oxen go, 
and have accordingly selected the present occasion as an 
appropriate one. He will be beautifully decorated and 
surrounded with a guard of honor composed of cooks with 
shining cleavers and Vaqueros with their lariats. So suc- 
cess to "Old Jeff." 



The following was given to the public on the 10th inst. : 
H. JR. B. 

THE KING OF THE CARNIVAL. 

Held a State Coxmcil Thursday night, which was attended 
by the entire Coiu't. About 9 o'clock. His Majesty, accom- 



panied by his Lords in waiting, entered the audience 
chamber and mounted the throne. He looked paler than 
usual, as though somewhat jaded with the immense labors 
lately undergone, but still preserved that calm demeanor 
under which sleeps the wild and fury of the lion, when 
aroused. All matters connected with the approaching 
display were there submitted to His Majesty, who mani- 
fested his gracious assent to the arrangements made by the 
Grand Marshal of the Empire in the premises. He also 
made an affectionate inquiry in regard to the state of the 
royal exchequer, which was answered by the Lord High 
Treasui-er in such encoui-aging terms, that His Majesty 
actually smiled. After this the ceremony of presentation 
and kissing hands took place, which over, His Majesty ad- 
dressed a few words to his courtiers concerning their duties. 
During the coui'se of his remarks he alluded in high tei-ms 
to the loyalty manifested by his subjects, and the willing 
manner in which they had all aided his efforts. 

He said, that although an exceedingly mild and unexact- 
ing monarch, prone always to err upon the side of good 
natui'e, there was one point upon which he wished to be 
distinctly understood, and he trusted all the gentlemen 
attached to his Royal person would take particular pains 
to make him so. 

The persons living along the route of pageant laid down 
by the Grand Marshal of the Empire, should consider 
themselves, not only highly but exceptionally honored ; and 
that he expects them to display a due sense of appreciation 
of kingly favor, by having theu" galleries and houses appro- 
priately decorated on the occasion of his reign. Any omis- 
sion in this wise would be surely noted as a mark of gross 
disrespect to his royal person and dignity ; and unless the 
entire route be appropriately decorated, the royal pageant 
of the ensuing year would certainly avoid all such streets 
and localities. 

It will thus be seen that the persons living along the 
route of the procession have an important responsibility 
devolving upon them, and if they wish to propitiate 
his Royal Highness the King of the Carnival, each and 
every one had better take immediate steps to have theii' 
galleries appropriately festooned. They must recollect 
that in all well ordered empires, and none is more so than 
that of his Majesty of the Carnival, the King's will is law. 



THE ANTHEM. 

His Royal Highness, the King of the Carnival, requests 
us to notify all organizations provided with their own 
music, that while passing in review before His Majesty, 
each band is expected to play the Royal anthem of the 
most puissant House of Carnival. Said anthem being 
familiar to modern ear under the title of 

" If ever I cease to love." 



On the 11th inst. the General Edict laying down the pro- 
gi-amme of the projected celebration, was promulgated in 
all the city papers as follows : 

EDICT NO. X. 

BY H. R. H., THE KING OF THE CARNIVAL. 



To all wham it may Concern — Greeting : 

The thirteenth day of February, 1872, having been set apart as 
one dedicated to His "Majesty's glory, for the better guidance of his 
loyal subjects, it is hereby ordained and decreed, that all persons 
or parties owing allegiance to his dynasty will join, according to 
the following rules and regulations, in 



80 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



GRAND STATE PAGEANT. 

His Koyal Highness, tbe King of tiie Carnival, wll command in 
person, assisted by tlie Grand Marshal of the Empire, and the 
Lords of the Horse, Carriages, Vans, Yeomanry and the Unat- 
tached—all of whom, with their Aids, will appear at Clay Statue 
at 2 o'clock p. M. ,.„.,..,., 

Upon arrival, the Lords herein named will immediately take 
position at the points assigned for the rights of their respective 
Divisions, in the manner laid down in this our Boyal mandate, 
takmg care to place and hold in Une their several bodies, subject 
to the orders of the Chief Marshal of the Empire. 

HOW IT WILL FORM. 

The pageant will be divided in Five Grand Dvisions, which 
will form as follows : 

THE FIRST DIVISION— WiR comprise all foot maskers, (in 
ranks of four), and will form on the South side of Canal street, 
their right resting on St. Charles street, extending toward the 
swamp. 

THE SECOND DIFISIOW— Comprising all maskers in open or 
private carriages, will form on St. Charles street, the right resting 
on Canal street. 

THE THIRD DIVISION— Compris'ms; all maskers in vans, 
floats, milk-carts and other public vehicles, will form on Camp 
street, their right resting upon Canal street. 

THE FOURTH DIVISION— Comprising all masked horsemen 
(in sections of four), will form on the south side of Canal street, 
their right resting upon Camp street, and rear extending toward 
the river. 

THE FIFTH DIVISION— Comprising all stragglers, late comers 
and subjects not elsewhere provided for, will lorm on the North 
side of Canal street, their right resting upon Chartres street, and 
rear extending toward the river. 

All the above are required to be in line by 2 o'clock P. m. 

HOW IT WILL MOVE. 

At precisely three o'clock p. M. a Royal Salute of thirteen guns 
will be fired from the foot of Canal street, by Col. C. W. Squires, 
Commander-in-Chief of his Majesty's forces, when the King and 
Court will immediately move from the Clay Statue, taking up the 
line of march, followed by the First Division, down the north side 
of Canal street to the intersection of Camp and Chartres streets, 
up the south side of Canal street to Royal, and down Royal street. 

When the left of the First Division passes St. Charles street, the 
Second Division will move into line ; when its rear passes Camp 
street, the Third Division will move into line ; the Fourth Division 
foUowins next in order, and the Fifth Division last. 

Each Division will be provided with a Band of Music, and its 
anil its Lord Marshal attended by a Standard Bearer. 



ORDER OF PROCESSION. 

Squadron of Mounted Police. 

Grand Marshal of the Empire. 

H R. H., THE KING OF THE CARNIVAL, with attendants. 

Music. 

Lord of the Yeomanry. 

Boeuf Gras. 

FIRST DIVISION— Music ; Lord of the Carriages. 
SECOND DIVISION— Music ; Lord of the Vans. 
THIRD DIVISION— Music; Lord of the Horse. 
FOURTH DIVISION— Music; Lord of the Unattached. 
FIFTH DIVISION— Pla.toon of Police. 

THE ROUTE OF MARCH. 

Down Royal street to Esplanade street ; down Esplanade street 
to Rampart street ; up Rampart street, north side, to Canal street ; 
up Canal street, south side, to St. Charles street ; up St. Charles 
street to St. Joseph street, to Camp street ; down Camp street to 
Canal, to Clay Statue, where His Royal Highness will graciously 
review his subjects, and dismiss the pageant to their own enjoy- 
ment — a Band of Music being placed ineai'h square between Ram- 
part and Camp, to better secure this end. 



GENERAL ORDERS. 

1. All organizations and subjects intending to participate must 
report to the Lords Marshal of Division, at 2 o'clock P. M. 

2. All places ol business, public and private, are hereby ordered 
to be closed at 12 o'clock M. 

3. Owners and drivers of public and private vehicles, are required 
to keep out of the highways in which the Divisions of the Royal 
pageant will form and through which it wiU pass. 

4. Owners and masters of vessels and steamboats in port, the 
proprietors of public buildings, the Consuls of all foreign nations 
at peace vrith His Majesty, are directed to display their colors 
during the entire day. 

5. The City Authorities are hereby ordered, under penalty ot 
Royal displeasure, to remove all obstructions from the highways 
on which the pageant is to form or pass. 

6. All malicious mischief upon the part of his ioyal subjects, 
such as throwing flour, is interdicted and forbidden under the 
severest penalty. 

7. The Lords Marshal will be distinguished as follows : Grand 
Marshal of the Empire, purple and gold rosette and baton ; Divis- 
ion Lords Marshal, red and gold ditto ; Aids, to correspond. 

At Sunset another Royal Salute will be fired by the Comman- 
der-in-Chief of His Majesty's forces, when all Ins subjects will 
immediately disperse, in order to give place, and do appropriate 
honor to. our Cousin COMUS, who visits His Majesty after that 
time. 

And now, enjoining strict obedience upon the part of his beloved 
subjecte. His Royal Highness trusts his honor and glory to then- 
loyal hands. 

Given under our hand and seal, at Carnival Palace, this, the 9th 
day of February, in the year of our Lord, 1872. REX. 



Preparations had iiow advanced to such a point, that 
nearly everything was in readiness; and, on the 12th, the 
following preclamation was issued by the Lord Grand Mar- 
shal : 

PROCLAMATION 

Jiy the Grand Marshal of the Empire. 

Carnival Palace, Febeuart the Twelfth, 
Anno Domini, 1872. 

I. In obedience to H. R. Highness' Edict No. X, and to carry 
out its provisions and commands promptly and harmoniously, the 
Grand Marshal of the Empire, caU upon all loyal and obedient 
subjects, to form at their respective places of rendezvous, precisely 
at one o'clock, on Tuesday, (M.ardi Gras,) 1872, in order that they 
may report to the Lord Division Marshal, to whose division the 
character of the organization belongs. 

The prompt carrying out of this command alone will prevent 
confusion and unnecessary delay. As the Royal State Pageant 
will move punctually at 3 o'clock, all organizations and subjects 
will have to be in line at 2 P. M. 

II. The Lords of Yeomanry, of Carriages, of Vans, of the Horse 
and of the Unattached, together with their Aids, are commanded 
to report in person to the Lord Grand Marshal, at his department 
of State, at 12 M. 

III. Col. A. S. BADGER, commanding His Majesty's House- 
hold Guard, is commaniJed to report to the Grand Marshal of the 
Empire at the same hour and place. 

BY THE LORD GRAND MARSHAL. 
Approved, REX. 



On the same day the following notices appeared in the 
Times : 

THE KING OF THE CARNIVAL. 

COURT JOURNAL. 

The calm which invariably precedes the storm, prevailed 
at the palace yesterday, and but little work was done. 
The guards lounged around the galleries and ante-chambers 
in a listless manner, occasionally gathering into knots list- 
ening to the jovial yarns of Col. Jack Wharton, Chief 
Equerry in waiting to His Majesty, or exciting stories of 
the chase as related by Billy Connor, Lord Groom of the 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




CAPT. T. P. LEATHERS, 



STEAMBOAT NATCHEZ. 









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JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



83 



Royal Stables. During the entire morning His Majesty 
remained in seclusion, only granting an audience to a 
deputation of loyal ladies, -who desired some infonnation 
concerning the Royal colors, with a view to using them in 
the decorations of Tuesday. His Majesty received them 
graciously, and summoned Garter King-at-Arms, to his 
presence. The latter explained that the Royal colors were 
Green, Gold and Purple ; regi-etting that the subjugation 
of the State had been too recent to prepare a Royal Stan- 
dard, but that upon all His Majesty's future fete days it 
would invariably be displayed. An hour was subsequently 
spent in completing additional arrangements for the recep- 
tion of the Grand Duke ; His Majesty, who of coui'se un- 
derstands all languages, inditing the following autograph 
letter, to be handed to his Royal cousin upon arrival. We 
give it in the vernacular ; 

His Royalovitch Highnessoff The King of the Carnival, 
Offifia Uywelc omest one worle ansh isroy aloous iiith emostp iiiss 
ant Duke Alexis Alexandrovitch Romanoff audwillholdas- 
pe ciala udie ncef orh Isrece pti on atsu nse ton Mardi Qras. 

I REX. 

In the evening a grand State banquet was given. Among 
the guests attending which were to be found Gen. H. S. 
McComb, Gen. Beauregard, Col. Sam Boyd, Norbert Tre- 
pagnier, P. O. Hebert, Samuel Smith, J. W. Burbridge, I. 
N. Marks, C. A. Whitney, and C. H. Slocomb, Esquires. 
The approaching festivities were here discussed at length 
with the viands and wines until 9 o'clock, when His Maj- 
esty, attended by his Lords in waiting and Gentlemen of 
the Bed Chamber, retired, leaving the guests to their own 
enjojinent. His Majesty was subsequently read to sleep 
by one of the Under Secretaries, but with some difficulty. 
The proceedings of the City CouncU usually productive of 
somnolency being found upon this occasion ineffectual, 
through their unusual brevity of late ; resort was then had 
to the minutes of the Academy of Natural Sciences, under 
the soothing influence of which nature shortly succumbed. 

Many additional applications for position were filed 
during the day at the office of the Grand Marshal of the 
Empire, and another heavy batch of correspondence was 
being opened up to a late hour of night, all testifying 
greater promise of gorgeous magnificence of the Royal 
State Pageant. God save the King 



A CARD. 
More Honors to H. 11. H. 

New Orleans, Feb. 10, 1872. 
To His Royal Highness, the King of the Carnival : 

Su-e — Hearing that some three hundred employees of the New 
Orleans, Jackson & Great Northern Railroad have addressed a 
petition to your throne, prayinj;' a special edict releasing them 
Irom duty upon the occasion of your reign, February 13, 1872, 1 
hasten to forestall that necessity. 

Proud of being ranked among your Majesty's most loyal sub- 
jects, and fully appreciating the wisdom and profound judgment 
which characterizes your rule, I herewith announce the intention 
of the New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern Railroad to 
release all employees from duty upon your fete day, except those 
actually necessary to bring the throngs of subjects daily arriving 
to do honor to your Royal Highness. 

1 hope that all said employees may join in the pageant, and 
thereby publicly testily the high and loving estimation in which 
you are held by your honored and submissive subject. 

H. S. McCOMB, 
President New Orleans, Jackson & Great Northern Railroad. 

On the 13th dawned the memorable day of His Majesty's 
first triumpV, on the morning of which he issued his last 
edict, through his official journal, as follows : 



TJff-E KING BIDES FORTH TO-DA Y. 

Yesterday at Carnival Palace. — Another Edict.— 

Preparations for the Display Being 

Actively Pushed Forward. 

"VIVE LE ROI!" 

His Majesty remained in his private apartments through- 
out the entire day yesterday, absorbed in meditation and 
the inevitable Gonzales cigar. Having been apprised 
the evening previous of the arrival of his royal cousin, the 
Grand Duke Alexis, at 10 A. M., he ordered the State car- 
riage, with outriders and chasseurs, and dispatched it with 
the Lord Chamberlain, Chief Equerry in waiting, and his 
Honor the Lord Mayor of the Corporation, to conduct His 
Highness to the apartments arranged for him in the north 
wing of the Imperial Palace of St. Charles. 

To-day having been set aside for the ofBcial reception of 
the Grand Duke, of coui-se gi'eat quiet and seclusion pre- 
vailed around His Majesty's apartments. The offices of 
the Grand Marshal, the Grand Almoner, and the Secreta- 
ries were, however, very busy all day maldng preparation 
for to-day's celebration, and from what we could glean, 
everything promised a happy consummation. 

The following letter from a prominent firm in the rail- 
road and steamship interests was handed to His Majesty s 
Secretary while just upon the point of issuing a special 
edict in the premises : 

New Oeleans, Feb. 13, 1872. 
To His Royal Highness, the King of the Carnival: 

SiKB : In obedience to your Royal mandate, contained in Edict X, 
we beg leave to announce oui- intention of releasing all employees 
from duty, on February 13th, 1873, who may wish to participate in 
the honors to be accorded your Royal Highness, and who can be con- 
sistently spared from the exigencies of business. 

With highest esteem, we remain, your obedient servants, 

C. A. WHITNEY & CO. 

As night wore on, the gates of the Palace were closed, 
the portcullis lowered and the draw-bridge raised. All 
strangers and newspaper reporters were exiled beyond the 
moat, but long into the silent watches of the night, the 
flickering lights waving to and fro, and clink of hammers 
closing rivets up, gave evidence that the work of prepara- 
tion was being pushed on with unabated ardor. 

During the course of the day, the following edict was or- 
dered promulgated by His Royal Highness the King : 

EDICT No. XI. 

To all Whom it may Concern : 

His Royal Highness, the King of the Carnival, being deeply im- 
pressed with the enthusiastic loyalty manifested by his beloved sub- 
jects of all degrees and conditions, upon this, his most blessed fete 
day, has resolved — 

That a proper consideration for the glory of his regal state and sov- 
ereign care for his loyal subjects, demands the abrogation of all laws, 
and the removal of all impediment of whatsoever kind or nature, that 
may impair or interfere with public enjoyment. 

In pursuance of this determination, he, therefore, solemnly enacts 
the following decrees to rule the law of the land during the entire 
reign of his illustrious and glorious Majesty : 

First — Whereas, It having come to our Royal knowledge that one 
Stockdale, Collector of Internal Revenue, intends taking advantage 
of His Majesty's preoccupation in affairs of State connected with the 
Royal Pageant, to collect all the taxes of the Realm, his office is 
hereby abolished. 

Second — The following laws enacted by a previous government 
having been found to weigh greviously upon his Majesty's subjects — 
The Registration Law, Constabulary Law, Election Law, Printing 
Law, Taxes and Judge H, C, Dibble — all of the same are hereby ab- 
rogated and abolished. 

Third — The eredit of the Realm is hereby re-established on a specie 



84 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



basis, and all securities, of -whatever nature, are declared to rule at 
par value. Any person, subject or foreign, detected at any attempt 
at their depreciation will be immediately incarcerated in the lowest 
dungeon of the Donjonkeep. . 

F<mrth—M\ subjects guilty of any breach of the peace, working all 
and any description of disorder or offence against good taste and deli- 
cacy, in the display of outre or improper costumes, will be immedi- 
ately conveyed to the barracks of the household troops : and our well 
beloved servant, Col. A. S. Badger, Captain of the Guard, near to the 
person of his Majesty, is hereby chai-ged with the strict enforcement 
of this order under penalty in default thereof of being forced to at- 
tend the meeting of the Academy of Natural Sciences for the entire 

Fifth— T'he market rale of cotton is hereby established for this day 
at fifty cents per pound, low middling grade, and for sugar at 25 
cents per pound, other products of the realm to grade in proportion. 
Any subject violating this edict will, upon trial and conviction be 
sentenced to serve not more than one term at hard labor in the Louis- 
iana State Legislature. 

Sixth— KM punishments incurred by the children of the realm tor 
any offences of whatever nature, committed anterior to this date, are 
hereby cancelled m honor of the fete of His Royal Highness. Parents 
or guardians disregarding the provisions of this edict are hereby sen- 
tenced to a perpetual deprivation of their night-latch keys. 

Secenth—MX quarrels, hatreds, jealousies and vendettas heretofore 
existing between any of His Majesty's subjects are hereby cancelled, , 
as nothing but the most unalloyed good humor and jollity will be al- 
lowed to prevail throughout the realm during the glorious reign of 
His Majesty. 

Eighth— A\\ persons residing along the route of the royal pageant, 
are ordered to provide proper extra supports for their galleries, to 
festoon and decorate the same with the royal colors, [green, gold and 
purple,] and to pay due obeisance to his Royal Highness, in passing, 
under penalty in default thereof of perpetual exile to the Balize. 

Lastly— Sir Wan-en A. Stone, the Right Hoil. D. C. Holliday, the 
Hon. J. T. Scott, and Sir Howaid Smith, Physicians in Ordinary to 
His Majesty's household, having recommended a change of air and 
scene, the King of the Carnivalwill therefore be under the unpleasant 
and regretful necessity of bidding his loyal subjects adieu at sunset 
to-day, for a brief period of time ; promismg to return agaui when his 
health, in the opinion of the Royal Physicians, shall have been fully 
re-established. 

In doing so, it is with a profound and gratifying sense of the loyalty 
displayed by his subjects, of the cheerful and prompt alacrity with 
which his orders have been obeyed, and with the promise that on the 
occasion of his re-entry into his capital, the splendors of to-day's pa- 
geant shall be far outshone in magnificence and gorgeous state. 

And now, with the best wishes for their health, prosperity and hap- 
piness, he bids them, in anticipation of his rather sudden departm-e, 
an affectionate adieu. Enjoining upon them during his absence, un- 
swerving loyalty in their allegiance to the Royal House of Carnival, 
and an unimpaired continuance of that loving affection already man- 
ifest for its reigning' head, which is above all price. God save the 

Given under oiu- hand and seal, at Carnival Palace, this, the 12th 
day of February, in the year of our Lord, 1872. 



It has opened a new era to 'New Orleans ; one we trust to 
see cultivated, and the little plant of only ten day's growth 
which yielded so bountifully of blossoms, we trust to see 
expand, in the future, to a lusty tree, hung with the golden 
fruit, that all will be glad without exception to pluck and 
enjoy. In the old language of the sectional unpleasant- 
ness, the association of gentlemen who managed this affair, 
"covered themselves with glory." 

The benign yet firm reign of His Majesty on this occasion, 
developed one remarkable result. Although 5,000 maskers 
were assembled in Procession, yet the police statistics of 
disorder and arrests were notably smaller on that occasion 
than any preceding Mardi Gras ; while the jollity and en- 
thusiasm was immensely augmented. Not the slightest 
break or delay occurred in the programme, and at sunset. 
His Majesty and escort left the city, «/a Carrollton, en route 
for Assyria. 

Previous to leaving. His Majesty ordered the Legislature 
of Louisiana to constitute his fete day a legal holiday. 
Which order was promjitly complied with, as -will be seen 
by the following extract from the daily press of April 4th, 
at which point the King of the Carnival story closes for 
the present. 



Ttie unprecedented success of the Procession is yet too 
fresh in the recollection of our readers, to need elaboration 
in this short story ; it can, however, be readily referred to 
if desired, in all, or any of the New Orleans daily papers 
of February 14, 1872 ; from which the following short 
comments are extracted : 

It is with pleasure that the chronicler reflects that the 
work of this article was to record the dawning of a new 
era in the long history of Mardi Gras festivities, and that 
the advent has been not only brilliant but successful, the 
thousands of delighted people who were not slow to ex- 
press their enthusiasm, can fully testify. It is no easy 
matter to conduct such a spectacle satisfactorily, and it is 
therefore a cause for much gratification that in every re- 
spect the Procession of Rex, his court and kingdom, will 
be looked forward to as one, if not as the great event of 
Mardi Gras, and when he again "rides forth " the King of 
the Carnival, his loyal subjects will greet him with a wel- 
come made stronger and heartier by reason of his achie-red 
success, and the assurance of additional pleasure, which 
have by his means entered into the glorious and festal 
time. 



MARDI GRAS. 



H. R. H. HEARD FROM. 



Yesterday the bill passed by the last Legislature, making 
Mardi Gras a legal holiday, was signed by Governor War- 
moth and has now become a law ; in compliance with the 
last strict orders issued by his Majesty of the Carnival 
before lea-ving our city on the 13th of February last. No- 
tice of this act of submission and homage to his supreme 
domination was immediately dispatched b • the Governor 
of the State, after affixing his signature, to the office of the 
Lord High Chamberlain at Carnival Palace. Upon its re- 
ception the guard was immediately tm-ned out, the Royal 
standard was displayed upon the battlements, and the guns 
of the Citadel fired a Royal salvo in honor of the act of 
obeisance. 

In the evening, a bearer of dispatches, duly attended, 
left the city with the notification for His Majesty, who is 
now on his way to Assyria, where he proposes to spend the 
summer in travelling for the benefit of his health. 

The last information received at the Palace, was to the 
efi"ect that his majesty was then at Malta, recuperating for 
his further journey. He was at the time engaged in the 
preparation and perfection of many Patents of Nobility ; 
it being his royal intention to create a Peerage in his newly 
conquered dominions, in order to add still further to the 
magnificence of his reign and state. The commission bear- 
ino-'' these graceful evidences of royal condescension were 
expected to leave for New Orleans in the course of three 
or four weeks, and pending their arrival, his ambitious 
subjects who aspire to .share their honors, must restrain 
impatience. 

It was also given out at Malta, that his Majesty s army 
was now actively recruiting in Assyria, with a vie-sv to im- 
mediately placing his realm upon a war footing, impelled 
thereto by the warlike preparations going on throughout 
Europe, and the threatening attitude of the United States 
ai-my towards the South vmder the operation of the Kuldux 

law. ^ J , . 

His Majesty, at last accounts, was reported much un- 
proved in health, but somewhat jaded by the fatigues of 
travel. Although in his 1025th year, he is said to have 
gi-owu both in statue and weight since leaving New Or- 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




£*^. 



grr pli yill^ifi' Sail. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



87 



leans, and now presents a most imposing appearance. His 
Majesty's leisure moments are constantly occupied with 
making plans for his next, fete, to which he looks forward 
to with pride and satisfaction. Having definitely settled 
upon the final transfer of his seat of government from the 
shores of the Mediterranean to those of the Mississippi, it 
is to be expected that his entry on the ensuing Mardi Gras 
in 1873, will farsuipass in splendor and ceremony, anything 
ever witnessed in any country during the present age. The 
preparations are certainly upon a stupendous scale, and 
with the active co-operation of his loyal, loving subjects, so 
fi-eely and cordially extended, he feels that nothing is im- 
possible. 

GOD SAVE THE KING ! 



[Note. — In excellent and responsible hands, embracing a large 
number of our most highly esteemed and responsible citizens. The 
King of the CarniTal, wbose origin is herein related, has now be- 
come a permanent institution of New Orleans. Its design and ob- 
ject while pleasurable and jesthetic have still a practical and ul- 
terior object in benefitting the City of New Orleans, commercially 
and socially. It not only ofters increased attractions to visitors 
from abroad, but in aU the festivities arranged, or consequent 
thereupon, the entertainment and accommodation of the Mardi 
Qras visitors, are primarilj' considered in the true spirit ol hospi- 
tality. It is to be hoped that it will ever meet with the good 
wishes and encouragement which have so far marked every step 
of its progress. 



THE EXPOSITION BUILDING. 



This beautiful and imposing structure has lately been 
added to the ornaments of our city by the South Western 
Exposition Association. 

The purpose for which it was erected was to establish a 
PERMANENT and attractive place for the exhibition and 
sale of all manufactured articles used in the South. 

The fact that New Orleans is the commercial centre of 
the Southwest, and that through her is supplied a vast 
agricultural population, requiring the manufactures of 
other sections, pointed out the great advantage to the con- 
sumers of the articles, as well as to the manufacturers, of 
the establishment of the permanent Exposition and manu- 
facturers salesroom in the Exposition building. The 
Planter or the Merchant here sees collected under one im- 
mense roof every article he can need, from the steam 
engine, cotton gin or sugar mill, down to the smallest ar- 
ticle needed in his household, all of the latest and most 
improved style. 

The manufacturer here has an opportunity for bringing 
the article itself which he makes directly before the atten- 
tion of the consumer, a far more effective plan of intro- 
ducing and selling than by trusting only to descriptive cir- 
culars and engravings. In short the manufacturer is thus 
brought face to face with the consumer, and the latter is 
enabled to decide satisfactorily upon the merits of any ar- 
ticle he may need, because he has an opportunity of per- 
sonally examining and testing it before purchasing. It 
will thus be seen that the enterprise is one of great im- 
portance to the trade of this section. 



The association was incorporated in October 1871. 
Early in the Spring of that year the originator of the en- 
terprise, Mr. Henry Shaw, first .suggested its advantages 
to some of our leading capitalists. The first to take an 
active part in it, was the late John Davidson, Esq., a gen- 
tleman always ready to use his large means and influence 
in the futherance of any enterprize promising public ben- 
efit. Amongst the other incorporators were Messrs. 
Richard Lloyd, Charles J. Leeds, Jas. D. Hill, Geo. Purves, 
Samuel H. Kennedy, Harmon Doane, L. F. Generes, John 
G. Fleming, all prominent and well known gentlemen of 
this city. 

Inmaediately after the organization of the association a 
large property on St. Charles and Carondelet, between 
Julia and Girod Street, was purchased, and the services of 
Mr. Albert Dietiel, architect, were engaged to prepare 
plans for the Exposition Building. 

The contract was awarded on the 21st of December, 
1871, and by the 1st of May 1872, the association was able 
to give their inaugurating exposition of the manufacture 
of the country, the building being by that time sufficiently 
finished for their purpose. The inaugurating exhibition 
was continued until Jiine 1st, at which time the permanent 
exposition opened under most favorable auspices and is 
now an assured success. 

The following dimensions will give an idea of the scale 
upon which the Exposition building is constructed. 

Occupying a front of 8.5 feet on both St. Charles and 
Carondelet streets, it runs through the Square by straight 
lines 341 feet. The entire building is btiilt of brick, with 
a slate roof, and in its exterior appearance as well as its 
interior arrran^ement and adornment, is an ornament to 
the City of New Orleans, of which her people may well be 
proud. The whole of the first floor, a hall of 341 feet by 
8.5, is devoted to the exhibition and sale of heavy ma- 
chinery and agricultural implements, a line of shafting, 
driven by a powerful engine, traverses this hall from end 
to end, furnishing facilities for showing machinery in 
motion. In the second story, Carondelet street end, is 
located the Fine Arts and Miscellaneous Departments, a 
hall 170 feet long by 81 feet wide, filled with all kinds of 
useful and ornamental articles. In addition to these two 
large and elegant exhibition rooms for the display of man- 
ufacturers articles, a Concert Hall 170 feet long by 81 in 
width, with a 40 foot ceiling was constructed. Decidedly 
the handsomest room of the kind in the South. And over 
the Fine Arts Hall on Carondelet street are two Halls, one 
60x60 feet for use in connection with the Grand Concert 
Hall, and the other 90 feet by 60 feet, to be used as a 
Lecture Room, etc. 

The beautiful fresco work and interior adornment of 
these Halls is done under the direction of Mr. F. Hang, 
and reflects great credit upon his artistic skill and taste. 

This entire enterprise has been carried forward from the 
beginning with an energy and determination on the part of 
the managers of the Association, which was worthy of the 
success which it has already attained, and which is a sure 
augury of its future stability. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




E. A. TYLER, ESQ. 



The life of this gentleman, who has been the architect of 
his own fortune, has been marked by adventure and a 
spirit of enterprise peculiar to the natives of New Eng- 
land, and been crowned by remarkable success. Few cit- 
izens of New Orleans have been more distinguished for de- 
votion to business, in his particular department of Art, for 
reliability, intelligence and public spirit. B.y the steadfast- 
ness, manliness and energy, which have constituted lead- 
ing traits of his character, by the loftiness of his aims, and 
the pui-ity of his motives, he has acquired a multitude of 
friends and admirers, and has left the impress of his his- 
tory on that of the great metropolis with whose fortunes 
his own have blended for more than a quarter of a cen- 
tury. 

Mr. Tyler was born in Boston, Mass., on the 22nd of 
April 1815, commencing life at the date of the declaration 
of peace after the second war with Great Britain. His 
early education was pursued in the Boston schools, always 
remarkable for the advantages they offered for moral and 
mental culture — if not superior than of any other Ameri- 
can city. From the age of twelve years, he earned his own 
living. When he reached fourteen, he became apprenticed 
to the watch-making and jewelry business, which has ever 
since been his vocation. In 1834, he went to Belfast, 
Maine, where he remained four years in the same occupa^ 
tion. At the expiration of that period, he determined to 
remove to New Orleans, where fortunes, he understood, 
were readily made by young men of intelligence, enter- 
terprise and steady habits. The journey before him was 
an expensive one, and he had but little money ; but nothing 
daunted by the fact, he resolved, by obtaining business 
on the route, as he had opportunity, to work his way 
hither. 

It was the commencement of his great life struggles, but 



he was animated by youthful hope and a courage fitted to 
the emergency. He accordingly, in April 1838, left Bel- 
fast, and started from Boston, his native city, early the 
following May, with only forty-two dollars in his pocket. 
After remaining a few days in New York and Philadelphia, 
he left for the West by the way of Pittsburg, thence to 
Cincinnati. Here he lingered a few days, looking around 
for business, but, not obtaining any, paid his hotel bill, and 
found he had only eighteen cents left for the prosecution of 
his journey ; whereupon he packed his tools in his valise, 
left his trunk with an old schoolmate, and, with valise in 
his hand, crossed the Ohio river to Covington. Here he 
struck the turnpike road to Lexington — walked twelve 
miles to the first village, stopped there a few days, repaired 
watches, clocks and jewelry, and in a week made seventeen 
dollars beyond expenses. He then went to the next vil- 
lage, Crittenden, where he made sixteen dollars over ex- 
penses ; thence to Willi amsburgh, where he only paid his 
expenses. There he took the stage to Lexington, where, 
after remaining several days and finding nothing to do, he 
gratified his curiosity by visiting Henry Clay, the servant 
of the nation, with whom every citizen had a right to he 
acquainted. He also went to see the celebrated Irving Es- 
tates. Thence he proceeded to Nicholasville, where he did 
not do much that increased his resources, but received a 
letter from a gentleman in Cynthiana, holding out some 
promises to him if he would visit that place. He returned 
to Lexington, and, after making friends, and spending 
most of his money in sight-seeing, went to Paris by stage, 
and thence walked, a distance of twelve miles, to Cynthiana, 
got a ducking in a stream which he had to ford, besides 
being thoroughly soaked in a shower — arrived late in the 
day at the hotel kept by a gentleman named Boyd, and 
knowing, from certain premonitions, that he was going to 
be sick, frankly told his host of the fact, informing him at 
the same time of his inability to defray his expenses. The 
latter assured him with true Kentucky liberality, that he 
need give himself no uneasiness about the matter, and that 
he was quite welcome to the best that could be done for 
him under the circumstances. 

A comfortable room was assigned him in the hotel, and 
a doctor immediately sent for to whom he was equally 
frank in making known his circumstances. This Kentucky 
Doctor told him that he never asked people if they had 
money ; all that he had to do was to take the medicine he 
gave him, and obey orders ; if he did not recover, it would 
be no fault of his. Mr. Tyler, in I'cferring to this part of 
his history, testifies that he never knew a nobler or better 
hearted man than Dr. Deshea, (son of ex-Governor Deshea) 
and Mr. Boyd, the hotel keeper. On his recovery, he com- 
menced business in earnest. It accununulated on his hands. 
His friends increased in number — among others — A. Broad- 
well, Esq., one of the wealthiest citizens in Kentucky. 

Early in October he left Cynthiana for the South. The 
Ohio river being so low that no boats could be run upon it, 
he returned to Lexington ; thence he went, by stage, to 
Nashville, Tenn., where he met with a friend who accom- 
panied him to Mill's Point, Ky., the nearest point at which 
to take a boat for New Orleans. This little town was 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




^ 




«;t) 



IE 2 




'lieB-i^ *«», «t 




Mj^ JXPil! JTOel 




t 



115 CJ^ISTJ^X^ STR,EET, 



//a5 07-^ hand, and is constantly receiving from the best manufactories in the world, a large and 

welUselected stock of 




al@ft@@j) @lo)§fegj 3@®tlipf J 



Wbm mji fflalii Wm% 



if astute m® ©S® iellloii^' 



m^i 



ijyUt^Se 



^ZZ 0/ which are offered at reduced prices. 



Sole Agent for the celebrated Watches 
of Til OS. Russell & Son, Chas. E. "facet, Alfred 
Gerard, (David J. Magnin, and Henry Hoffman. 



Southern Agent for the celebrated Whiting Manufacturing Company, Manufacturers 
of Sterling Silver Ware only. 

Our stock of Silver Ware is very large, and our prices defy competition. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



91 



crowded with parties waiting to obtain a passage. Among 
them were those whole souled planters, Duncan F. 
Kenner, Alexander Barrow, and several others, with their 
families. After waiting four days, two boats came down 
the river, when all embarked, late in the evening, on board 
the SomervUle, except himself and friend, who took pas- 
sage in the Prairie, (Capt. Freligh,) which, encountering 
a fog, was obliged to lay up dui-ing the night. Next 
morning, coming up with the Somerville, . found she had 
run on a snag — worked with all hands, all day, to get 
her off. Finally, the passengers on the Somerville came on 
board the Prairie, and on the ninth day of their embarka- 
tion, reached New Orleans. 

On his arrival in the Crescent City, Mr. Tyler was so for- 
tunate as to find an old friend and acquaintance, a jeweler 
at 18 Chartres street. He induced this artisan to rent him 
his window fronting on the street, and immediately com- 
menced business, retaining the locality four years, when he 
removed to 37 Camp street, with better accommodations, 
and where he remained with varying fortunes, the good 
however attaining the ascendancy, when, through the in- 
fluence of Rev Father Mullen, he was so fortunate as to 
secure his present elegant and extensive establishment on 
Canal street, in the most thronged and fashionable part of 
the city — certainly an excellent stand for his business, and 
where, by his enterprise, he has succeeded in amassing a 
large fortune. 

Mr. Tyler is a model American, who, like most of our 
people engaged in various branches of commerce, is doubt- 
less fond of accumulation, but who eschews avarice and 
employs his wealth to noble ends, the advancement of all 
our social interests, including all public and private 
charities, relieving distress whenever brought to his notice, 
lending a helping hand to the unfortunate, and always anx- 
ious to recognize and reward merit. No object of great 
public . utility is started in the community that does 
not find in him a zealous and liberal supporter. He was 
one of the original projectors and proprietors of the Fair 
Groimds, whose annual exhibitions have done so much to 
the advancement of our agricultural, mechanical, commer- 
cial and manufacturing interests. 

During the inundation of the city which occurred some- 
what upwards of a year ago, he proved himself equal to 
the crisis, being one of the largest contributors for the re- 
lief of the houseless sufferers. He has been, for many 
years, one of the most prominent leaders in the Church of the 
Messiah, on St. Charles street, and an influential individual 
in commercial circles as Director of the Bank of Lafayette. 
During the late war, he acted earnestly with the State of 
his adoption, to which his allegiance was due. He was 
guilty of no offense, but, being one of our most prominent 
citizens, General Butler regarded his opinions dangerous, 
and accordingly applied the gag of imprisonment, and 
had him sent to Fort Jackson, where he was confined four 
months. His friends, who were permitted to have no com- 
munication with him, and hearing nothing from him, sup- 
posed that he was dead, and when it was supposed that he 
actually would die, he was released on a bond for ten thou- 
sand dollars. His arrest took place on the same day with 
that of the late Dr. Warren Stone. 



On the 22nd of September 1840, he married Miss Julia 
A. Barnes, of Cambridge, Mass. The ceremony was per- 
formed by Rev. Dr. Charles Lowell, of Boston, at Lynde 
street chui'ch. He has had five children, of whom three 
are still living. 

Without pride or ostentation, he has yet surrounded 
himself with all the comforts and elegancies of life. His 
residence on St. Charles street, is one of the most beauti- 
ful in the citj. Its garden, filled with the choicest flowers 
and shrubbery, and all its appointments, bespeak the man 
of taste and refinement. His energy, his public virtues, 
the wealth acquir'ed by his own skill and industry, and the 
uses to which he employs it, entitle him in fine, to be re- 
garded one of the merchant princes of this great em- 
porium. 



CHARLES CAVAROC, ESQ. 

Mr. C. Cavakoc, President of the New Orleans National 
Banking Association, of the New Orleans Mutual Insur- 
ance Association, and of several other companies organ- 
ized for industrial or commercial purposes, is one of the 
re^esentasive men of the Latin race in Louisana. 

Mr. Cavaroc was born in New Orleans in 1828, of French 
parents, and received his education in the mother country 
of his progenitors. He first entered into business as clerk 
in the general wine importing house of T. M. Lucas on 
Royal street, and upon the death of Mr. Lucas, which oc- 
curred in 1851, he took charge of the business in which 
his success was both steady and rapid. This was owino- no 
less to the strict integrity than to the thorough knowledo-e 
of this branch of trade posesssed by the able merchant 
who is the subject of this sketch. In 1868, Mr. Cavaroc 
was called to the Presidency of the Bank of New Orleans 
at a very critical period of the career of that bank, whose 
stock was then much depressed owing to heavy losses con- 
sequent upon the late civil war. Under the skillful man- 
agement of its new President, this institution soon recov- 
ered 'from its disasters, and the stock rose in a few months 
from $16 to $30. A year ago the New Orleans Bank was 
reorganized as a National Bank, with a capital of $600- 
000, and under its present title of the New Orleans Na- 
tional Banking Association, and it now stands in the front 
rank of our financial institutions. In 1870, the New Or- 
leans Mutual Insurance Association was organized by Mr. 
Cavaroc upon an entirely new plan, the particulars of 
which are given elsewhere, and its supcess has been such 
as to realize the most sanguine anticipations of its founder 
and stockholders. 

Mr. Cavaroc is not only one of the most successful and 
enterprising merchants of New Orleans, but also one of its 
most public spirited and liberal citizens. There is hardly 
an undertaking calculated to enhance the prosperity of our 
city or State in which he has not taken a prominent part, 
and in private life his chai-ities have all been munificent as 
well as judiciously bestowed. 

He is emphatically a pushing, go ahead, Hve merchant, a 
useful citizen, and an honorable, high-toned gentleman. 
There are few men whose loss would be more universally 
felt in this community than Charles Cavaroc. 



92 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



The New Orleans Academy of Sciences was founded in 
1853 by a number of gentlemen belonging exclusively to 
the medical profession. The first meeting, held on the 21st 
of March of that year, was presided over by D. Bennet 
Dowler, whose devotion to scientific pursuits is well known. 
On the 25th of April following, Dr. Josiah Hale was elected 
President and a constitution was adopted. In May, corre- 
spondence with the Smithsonian Institute at Washington 
was opened, and a promise of its co-operation obtained. 
That promise, commencing with contributions in the fol- 
lowing October, has been constantly and liberally fulfilled, 
and now the Academy is in communication with most of 
the gi-eat scientific institutions of various parts of this con- 
tinent and Europe. At first the meetings of the Academy 
were held at the private residences of members. Subse- 
.quently, the gratuitous use of a room was obtained in the 
City Hall, then the hall of the Mechanic's Institute was 
rented, and on the 21st of November of the same year, a 
hall at the southeast corner of Poydras and Carondelet 
streets, rented for the purpose, became the place of meet- 
ing. On the 5th of December, the Academy subscribed 
for fourteen scientific publications, the members assessing 
themselves for this expense, as they had for all others. On 
the 6th of March following, the Academy ordered the pub- 
lication of its proceedings, and on the same day Dr. E. H. 
Bai'ton was elected President. 

The object of the Academy is the promotion of science 
by lectures, papers, and discussions on scientific subjects, 
and by the collection of a library and museum. The year 
1853, it will be recollected, was one in which fearful havoc 
was made by an epidemic ; but the Academy, nevertheless, 
perserved in its prescribed course, and progressed to a finn 
establishment, without any material aid or sympathy or aid 
from either the authorities or the general public. The first 
paper was read by Dr. B. Dowler, on the 30th of May. 
On the 27th March 1854, the late Professor J. L. Riddell 
exhibited before the Academy one of the most intei'festing 
and useful improvements yet achieved in aid of scientific 
research. This was a binocular microscope which he had 
constructed, and the honor of inventing which is univer- 
sally conceded to him. As since improved and simplified, 
under the designs of Mr. Wenhom, and the manufacture of 
the famous Beck, this instrument has now become the great 
microscope of the world. On the same day the Academy 
earnestly discussed the necessity for a geological survey of 
the State, and adopted a resolution to present to the Legis- 
lature a recommendation that it should be made. Although 
this has not been done. Professor Hilgard has, under the 
auspices of the Academy, made some surveys of parts of 
the State, the results of which have been given to the 
public through the newspapers. 

On November 6th 1854, the Academy again changed its 
place of meeting to a room in the City Hall, which the 
Council had appropriated for the purpose, this room being 
subsequently changed for another. On the 5th of March 
1855, Dr. Riddell was elected President. A few days after- 
ward the Academy was incorporated, and made a branch 
of the University of Louisiana, subject, in a great measure. 



to the discretion of the administrators of the University. 
On the 26th of May, with this status, the Academy met in 
the east wing of the University buildings, although it was 
not till 1860 that the administrators formally acknowledged 
the Academy as a branch of the University, and then with 
a condition that they might disconnect it by giving a year's 
written notice. 

During the war, the buildings were taken possession of 
by the military, and much of the property of the Academy 
was lost, destroyed and injured ; that it was not all sacri- 
ficed was due to the exertions and influence of Dr. Rid- 
dell. After the war, the Academy, not without much 
struggling, however, soon re-established itself in its efforte 
and regained its foi-mer position without any outside aid 
whatever. On the death of Dr. Riddle, in 1866, Dr. Copes 
was elected President, as he still remains. 

The Academy gives weekly lectures, except during the 
summer, besides holding general discussions on scientific 
subjects, politics and religion being excluded. These are 
open to the public gratuitously, under invitation from 
members, which, however, is all but nominal, and the hall 
of the Academy is open to visitors daily in the same man- 
ner. The records of the Academy contain a great deal of 
very interesting and instructive information upon a g^eat 
variety of subjects, many of them of the highest import- 
ance in connection with the welfare and progress of the 
city and State. The library contains very valuable contri- 
butions from leading scientific societies in various parts of 
the world. The Museum, though comparatively small, con- 
tains conchological, geological, paljeontological and other 
collections well worthy of examination. 

Election to membership, under the rules, requires recog- 
nized scientific acquu'ements, nomination and recommenda- 
tion by two or more Fellows, posting for one month and 
ballot. 

The institution is one which needs and deserves much 
more consideration from the authorities and the public of 
the city and State than it has yet received, and we hope 
yet to see it recognized as worthy of liberal countenance 
and support. 



THE SYNAGOGUE ON CARONDELET STREET. 



This beautiful house of worship is owned and used by 
the Hebrew Congregation, " Dispersed of Judah," whose 
charter of incorporation dates from 4th June 1847, though 
its organization had taken place some years previously. Its 
present vitality and prosperity are, however, mainly due to 
the benevolence of the late Judah Touro, who made the 
congregation a free gift of the church edifice which stood 
on Canal and Bourbon streets, and at his own cost fitted it 
up and converted it into a synagogue. 

A few years later, this building requiring extensive re- 
pairs, it was decided to pull it down and build another 
place of worship located further up-town. Accordingly, 
the present edifice was erected on Carondelet street, on six 
lots of ground which had, at one time, formed a portion of 
the Poydras Estate. 

The mode of service is according to the Sephardic 
ritual, known commonly as that of the Spanish and Portu- 
guese Jews, though with some modernization. 

The present minister is the Rev. Henry S. Jacobs. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




Slllilli' MA 



m 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



95 




GEORGE A FOSDICK, ESQ. 



This enterprising merchant, largely identifled with the 
shipping interests of New Orleans, affords in his career a 
striking illustration of the influence exerted by talent, 
energy and perseverance, in a country like ours, in over- 
coming difficulties, and of attaining, ia the end, to success, 
fortune and independence. From childhood up to man- 
hood, he wasted no golden moments in frivolous occupa- 
tions and idle amusements, but regarding labor as the 
great law of life, first with a view to subsistence and next 
to comfort and elegance, exerted all his physical and intel- 
lectual powers in order to the attainment of these ends. 
Exemplary success has crowned his well-directed efforts. 

He was the son of Capt. W. R. Fosdick, who, for a series 
of years, commanded one of the first packet ships running 
between New York and New Orleans, and was born at the 
former city, May 3, 1820. At the early age of twelve 
years, he had the misfortune to lose his father, and was 
thus suddenly thrown on his own resources. Of a respecta- 
ble family, active and intelligent, and with no indisposition 
to labor for a living, he found little difficulty in obtaining 
employment in the commission house of James Hamilton 
& Son, of New York city, who paid him a salary of fifty 
dollars for the first year; and the American boy, who 
could command fifty dollars a year, when he was not yet in 
his teens, was somebody, and he felt that he was. So he 
went to work with a will, looking to the future. Here he 
remained for five years, until the crisis of 1837, which 
swept off most of the mercantile houses of the country — 
during which period he worked in the daytime and con- 
tinued his educational studies at night, his salary being in- 
creased from year to year, as he grew older and more 
capable of being of service to his employers. He was not 
yet in the way of making a fortune, but certainly — which 
was far better — was passing through the preliminary stages 
necessary to make him a man of business and a thorough 
merchant. 



In 1837, the calamitous year referred to, he left New 
York and came South, first stopping for a while at Mobile, 
seeking business in vain, and then coming to New Orleans, 
where he was equally unsuccessful. He now embarked on 
the Tombigbee, which seemed to invite the adventru-er, sail- 
ing up as high as Westport, Miss., a small town situated 
about two miles above Columbus, on the other side of the 
river. Here he was employed, for the space of eighteen 
months, by Dunstan Banks, doing a supply business. 

In the meantime, his brother had established himself at 
New Orleans in the shipping and commission business, 
and, knowing his industrious habits, at once took him into 
the concei-n in the capacity of a clerk. This was in 1839. 
In 1840, he became associated with him as a partner in the 
business, which he has prosecuted with singular energy 
and success ever since. Taught in the school of hard ex- 
perience, making the most of his opportunities, taking no 
step forward without being sure of his footing, he has at- 
tained the enviable position he occupies, and the fame he 
has achieved of an accomplished and prosperous merchant, 
by relying mainly on his own exertions, and depending but 
little on the uncertain, however well meant, advice and 
fluctuating assistance of others. In other words, he fur- 
nishes a fine example of the self-made man, who thinks for 
himself and acts for himself, and who entertains opiiiions 
and pi'osecutes enterprises which reflect credit on the age 
and country in which he lives. 

Such men, in a community of high-toned merchants like 
New Orleans, are advanced to places of honor and respon- 
sibility, and may command almost any position that they 
please. For two years Mr. Fosdick occupied the high post 
of President of the Chamber of Commerce, to which no 
individual could have been appointed who was not at once 
a thorough merchant and a perfect gentleman. The pres- 
sure of his business, after his service in that capacity for 
the tei-m mentioned, led him to decline a re-election ; but 
he is still an influential member of the Chamber, and a 
perspicuity and forethought that lead him to investigate 
the past and anticipate the future, he seizes on every occa- 
sion calculated to advance the interests of this great mart 
of commerce. 

Again, he was the first delegate elected to the National 
Board of Ti-ade at Philadelphia, where he exerted a decided 
influence in securing the passage of a resolution of that 
body, calling on Congress to grant immediate aid to im- 
prove the mouth of the Mississippi river. 

He has always taken a lively interest in politics, having 
acted as Chairman of the Democratic Committee since the 
war, and Chairman of the Douglas State Democratic Com- 
mittee and Co-operative Conmiittee before the war. 

He has never held any public office except that of State 
Registrar on the First Board of Registration, a position 
which he accepted solely at the request of the State and 
Parish Democratic Committees, in the hope of accomplish- 
ing some good for our people, though at a sacrifice to his 
personal interests. He was nominated for Congress by the 
Second District Convention in 1870, but withdi'ew at the 
request of the Democratic State Committee, to enable them 
to carry out a fusion which they contemplated. 



96 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



HENRY HOWARD, ESQ. 



This well-known and accomplished architect was bom in 
the city of Cork, Ireland, February 8th 1818, where he re- 
mained till he reached the age of eighteen years. He pm-- 
sued his education at the Mechanics' Institute of that city, 
and received from his father, Thomas Howard, a noted 
builder, of Cork, the first rudiments of Architectural draw- 
ing and a knowledge of Mechanics. Owing to his father's 
death which took place when he was sixteen years of age, he 
emigrated, in the Spring of 1836, from his native city to 
New York, with a view to continuing the study of archi- 
tecture with an American architect. In this particular he 
was at first disappointed. Arriving in New York on the 8th 
of May 1836, alter the great fire, be had to go into a Look- 
ing-glass and Picture-Frame Maker's establishment, where 
he remained eighteen months. 

Being desirous of seeing an older brother living, at that 
time in New Orleans, he left New Y'ork for the South, and 
arrived here on the 20th of September 1837, in the height 
of the prevalence of the Y'ellow Fever, a disease, which, 
notwithstanding its frequent oeciu'rence in New Orleans, 
he has hitherto fortunately escaped. On arriving in this 
city, he undertook all kinds of carpenter's and joiner's 
work, including the most difficult branch of it, viz, stair 
buildhig, commanding at first, only journeyman's wages. 
He shrank from no task on account of its difficulty, worked 
with diligence and rapidity, and always studied the welfare 
of his employers. After being engaged in this way about 
five years, he was promoted to a foremanship under the 
late E. W. Sewell, a well-known builder. 

In 1849, he pursued the study of Architecture for a short 
time, with the late Col. .lames H. Dakin, an able architect 
of this city; also, during the same year, with Henry Mol- 
hausen, a Prussian, a good surveyor and civil engineer. 

In 1845, Mr. Howard commenced the erection of a large 
brick r-ountry residence on Bayou Lafoiu'che, for the late 
Thomas Pugh, Esq. After its completion, he opened in 
1848, an Architect's ofiice in Exchange Place, and, in order 
to execute and finish with despatch the large amount of 
business entrusted to his care, he was in the habit, during 
the first few years of his professional practice, of working 
and studying from eighteen to twenty hours a day. His 
emplojTuent and success were uninterrupted till the oc- 
currence of the late war, dm'ing the continuance of which 
he was employed as principal draughtsman in the Confed- 
erate States Naval Iron Works at Columbus, Georgia. 

After the war was over, he retiu'ned to New Orleans and 
resumed the practice of his profession, and, notwithstand- 
ing dull times, high taxation and other ti-oubles, has had, 
up to the present time, a fau- share of business, sufficient 
to o-ive himself and his numeroas family a handsome living. 

In the year 1839, while working at stair-building, he mar- 
ried in this city Miss Richards, a native of New York, by 
whom he has had eleven children — eight gu-ls and three 
boys. Of these, there are surviving six daughters and two 
sons; also grand-chUdren, the oldest being eleven years 
of age. 



The following is a list of the buildings erected in this 
city from designs and specifications furnished by Mr. How- 
ard, and, in most instances, under his personal supervision. 

PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN THE CITY: 

First Presbyterian Church, Lafayette Square; 

Second Presbyterian Chiirch, Washington Square; 

St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church, Third District; 

Importers' Bonded Warehouse, Second District; 

Hale's Warehouse, First District; 

Buildings for Louisiana Fair Grounds; 

Engine House and Engine Foundations for Commercial 
Water Works ; 

Zoelly's Brewery Buildings, corner of Magazine and 
Delord street; 

Home Mutual Insui'ance Biiildings, First District ; 

Crescent Mutual Insui'ance Building, First District ; 

Conery's Stores, corner of Common and Water streets: 

Avendano's Store, corner of Delta and Common streets ; 

Remodelling Equitable (late Tulane) Building, Camp st.; 

Extensive addition to Jewish Widows' and Orphans' 
Home, corner of Jackson and Chippewa sts.. Fourth Dist.; 

St. Elizabeth Asylum, Magazine street, Foui'th District; 

Protestant Boys' Orphan Asylum, on St. Charles avenue. 
Sixth District; 

Catholic Orphan Boys' Asylum, Third Distiict; 

New Syphilitic Wards and Dissecting Rooms at the 
Charity Hospital, Common Street. 

PRIVATE BUILDINGS IN THE CITY: 

Pontalba Buildings, Jackson Square, Second District; 
Hale's Five Dwellings, Camp Street, First District; 
Conery's Dwellings, Prytania Street, Fii-st District; 
Cyprien Dutoui-s's Dwelling, Esplanade street; 
Vredenbui'g's Dwelling, Esplanade street; 
Bui'the's Subui-bau Residence St. Charles avenue; 
Palacio's Subiu'ban Residence, St. Charles avenue; 
MUtenberger's Dwelling, St. Charles avenue ; 
• Grinnan & Short's Villa, Pr)i:auia street. Fourth Dist.; 
BuUdings Nos. 8, 9 and 13 Commercial place. 

PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BUILDINGS IN THE COUNTRY. 

Thomas Pugh's Reside'nce, Bayou Lafoui'che, Parish of 
Assumptions ; 

W. W. Pugh's Residence, Bayou Goula, Parish of 
Iberville ; 

John H. Randolph's Residence, Rayou Goula, Parish of 
Iberville ; 

General R. Camp s Residence, Bayou Goula, Parish of 
Iberville ; 

Remodelling Louis La Bourgeois' Residence, Parish of 
St. James ; 

Coui't House and Prison, Carrollton, Parish of Jefferson; 

Court House and Prison, Thibodeaux, Parish of La- 
foui'che ; 

Court House, Doualdsonville, Parish of Terrebone; 

Presbyterian Church. Houma, Parish of Terrebone; 

Episcopal Chui'ch, Houma, Parish of Terrebone ; 

Episcopal Church, Bayou Goula, Parish of Iberville. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




JUDGE JOHN A. CAMPBELL, 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



B. T. WALSHE, 



Importer of and Dealer in 



§■ 






Sfrfi ' f^P?!? ^T^^P^ ^ SP* RfSl Ki? STB* ^psp 



)a^ 







Men's Shirts, 



Underwear, 



Gloves. 



AND 



Hosiery, 




Boys' Shirts, 



AND 



Underwear. 



For all ages, 



Umbrellas &g. 



-and- 



BOYS* AND CHILDREN'S CLOTHIN©. 



NEW ORLEANS. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



99 



S. B. PACKARD,' Esq. 

Stephet^' B. Packard, United States Marshal, born at 
Auburn, Maine, May 25th, 1839, entered the United States 
service Nov. 27th, 1861, as First Lieutenant Company G, 
Twelfth Regiment Maine Volunteers. In 1863 served as 
Judge Advocate on the staff of Gen. J. J. Reynolds ; mus- 
tered out of service at Portland, Me., February 7th, 1865. 

Upon leaving the army Captain Packard came to New 
Orleans, whole he had previously mai-ried, and entered 
business as a Government claim agent, in partnership with 
Cyrus Hamlin, son of ex-President Hamlin. 

Mr. Packard at once took an active x^art in the organ- 
ization of the Republican party in Louisiana, and was 
elected Chairman of the First State Central Committee of 
that party, to which position he has ever since been re- 
elected. He was a member of tho Constitutional Con- 
vention, Chairman of the Board of . Supervisors at the 
election of 1868, at which time he was arrested by 
General Buchanan, but released by order of the then Gen'l 
of the Army, the present President of the United States. 

Subsequent to the election of that yeai'. Captain Packard 
was appointed by Governor Warmoth, Register of Convey- 
ances, which office he resigned upon his appointment by 
President Grant in April, 18G9, as United States Marshal 
for this District. He entered upon the duties of this office 
May 5th, 1869, and was re-appointed by the President in 
March, 1873, lacing the first United States Marshal ap- 
pointed during the second term of President Grant. 

JACOB C. VAN WICKLE. 



The subject of this sketch was bom in Middlesex 
County, New Jersey, on the 20th of October 1805. At an 
early age he left his native State with a view of making for 
himself both a fortune and a name. He came to Louisiana 
and settled in the Parish of Point Coupee, in December 
1827. His temperate and industrious habits, favorably 
impressed the people among whom he had cast his lot, and 
it was not long before he received the appointment of 
Deputy Sheriff of the Parish, in which capacity he served 
from 1828 to 1833. He was then appointed Sheriff by 
Gov. White and subsequently re-appointed by Gov. Roman, 
retainining this office from 1833 to 1842. In 1845, Mr. 
Van Wickle was elected to the Lower House of the Legis- 
lature, on the Whig ticket and served his constituents with 
zeal and fidelity. His political affiliations have always been 
with the Whig Party, of which he was a consistent and 
devoted member, but political prejudices could never in- 
duce him to ignore or neglect the interests of his oppo- 
nents or make him intolerant, and the reputation he 
acquired as a politician was that of an honorable, just and 
liberal gentleman. By prudence and economy, Mr. Van 
Wickle had succeeded in amassing a sufficient amount of 
money to purchase a sugar plantation in 1846, and from 
that time until 1869, he devoted himself entirely to the 
cultivation of sugar-cane. A series of successful crops 
soon made him a rich man. Sxirrounded by all the com- 
forts and luxuries of life, he dispensed the hospitalities of 
his house with a liberal hand. Naturally of a very kind 
and generous disposition, he was never deaf to appeals for 
assistance from those in distress ; and in all the relations 
of life he was an exemplary citizen and highly esteemed 
by all who Imow him. In 1836, he married Miss Elezar 
Ledoux, the daughter of Mr. Valerian Ledoux, one of the 
most respectable and wealthy planters in the State, and 



became the father of two lovely daughters, one only of 
whom lived to womanhood, the elder, Julia, having died at 
the age of thirteen years, whilst at school at Nazareth, Ky. 
The younger, Miss Amanda, an interesting and handsome 
lady, married Mr. Ogden K. Dunning, of tho house of J. 
B. Bumside & Co., of this city, but soon became a widow 
by the death of her husband, about three years after her 
marriage. In 1841, Mrs. Van Wickle died, and Mr. Van 
Wickle married the widow Dayries, also a member of the 
Ledoux family, and who is now in the full vigor of health, 
a devoted wife, and a most excellent and charitable lady. 
Like most of the Southern planters, Mr. Van Wickle sus- 
tained heavy losses by the ravages of war, and after its 
close, finding the labor system so demoralized and uncer- 
tain that he concluded to abandon the cultivation of his 
plantation, and finding a purchaser for it, he removed to 
New Orleans to reside permanently. In 1868, his name 
was prominently before the Democratic Convention of this 
city for Mayor, and was defeated in the Convention by 
only two votes by his successful opponent. Mayor Conway. 
Subsequently, his friends presented him as a candidate 
before the Legislature 'for the position of United States 
Senator, but it was withdrawn when it was ascertained 
that a sufficient Republican majority had been obtained to 
elect Hon. W. P. Kellogg. His large experience as a suc- 
cessful planter, and his thorough knowledge of the Levee 
system of the State, eminently qualified him for a position 
on the Board of Public Works, and in 1869, Gov. Warmoth 
appointed him to represent the Second Levee District, ex- 
tending from the Balize to the Atchafalaya river. During 
his administration, and under his supervision, the largest 
levee in the State, known as the Grand Levee, was sub- 
stantially built, and through his energy and perseverance, 
other public levess were constructed and a large area of 
country saved from overflow. To these works he can point 
with pride and satisfaction to himself, feeling conscious 
that his official career has ever been without reproach and 
imiversally commended. For the last twenty years Mr. 
Van Wickle has been the lessee of Wood's Cotton Press, 
one of the largest institutions of the kind in the city, an 
illustration of which will be found on another page of this 
book. The press is the property of his sister, Mrs. Wood, 
and under his management has averaged, per annum, about 
seventy-five thousand bales of cotton compressed for ship- 
ment to New York and Europe. Besides being a real estate 
owner in this city, Mr. Van Wickle is now the proprietor 
of the old homestead at " Old Bridge," New Jersey, where 
he was born, and where for many years past he has spent 
his summers in quiet retirement and in the peaceful con- 
templation of a long life of usefulness and exemplary 
character. 

Lafaiette Square is decidedly the handsomest in the 
city. It is in the First District, and has St. Charles and 
Camp streets in front and rear, and several public buildings 
in its immediate neighborhood. It has a handsome and 
substantial iron railing around it, based upon well laid 
bloclis of granite ; is well laid off in regular walks, and is 
ornamented with beautiful trees and a statue of Franklin, 
presented to the city by Mr. Charles A. Weed, proprietor 
of the N. 0. Tbnes. 



100 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



ALFRED PHILIPS, ESQ. 



The gentleman whose name heads these lines was bom 
in 1832. He was partly educated in this city and at St. 
Mary's College, in Baltimore, Md. 

He began the study of the law with Mr. Christian Rose- 
lius, and after attending three courses of lectures in the 
Law Department of the University of Louisiana, graduated 
from the same in 1853 ; but not being of age, he did not 
commence the practice of his profession until 1858. 

In 1865 he was elected a professor in the Law Depart- 
ment of the University, to fill the chair made vacant by the 
death of the lamented Judge Theo. H. McCaleb. He con- 
tinued to act as professor down to 1870, when he resigned. 

Mr. Philips was a member of the House of Representa- 
tives of the State Legislature m 1866 and 1867, which was 
distinguished as an upright and very able body. 

He was, of coui-se, carried away by the patriotic ardor 
which filled the heart of every young man in the South 
during the late war for independence, and rendered valuable 
services to the Confederacy as a Captain in one of the 
Louisiana regiments. 

Mr. Philips is an unfortunate bachelor, but has been 
most happy in all his relations in life. He has been pecu- 
liarly fortunate in his profession, and his exertions have 
been rewarded by a fortune of respectable dimensions. 

In 1864 he became Mr. Roselius's partner, and has con- 
tinued to practice law, associated with him, ever since. 

As a lawyer, Mr. Philips is one of the most accomplished 
in this city, being thoroughly learned in jurisprudence and 
literature. He is an elegant speaker, and his arguments 
reveal his vigorous and logical mind. 

Those who are well acquainted with him wiU bear wit- 
ness to the fact that it has ever been his aim since he was 
first admitted to the bar to endeavor to cultivate friendly 
relations with his brother lawyers and to look accordingly 
with warm approval upon aU their exertions to elevate 
themselves in the ranks of the profession ; never to envy 
or detract, but always to encourage and applaud. He has 
always by liberality and frankness sought to encourage an 
es^orit de corps among the members of the bar, never taking 
improper advantage of the weakness or want of prepara- 
tion of his adversary, but on all occasions granting and 
very rarely asking favors. 

He has never failed to recognize that the vocation of the 
lawyer is to assist, instruct and guide com-ts of justice in 
arriving at truth and administering right, and that he 
should never undertake to mislead a judge or jury ; that 
he is an officer of justice and should faithfully exert all his 
talent and energies in aid of justice. 

The lawyer should be a gentleman ; that is, no man can 
be a lawyer, in the proper acceptation of the term, unless 
he is a gentleman, which implies, necessarily, high integ- 
rity, unsullied honor, charity of heart and mind, sensibility 
and regard for all animated nature, polished address and 
polite demeanor to all, as well as the possession and exer- 
cise of all those elevated mental faculties which stamp 
humanity as the master animal. All these qualities mark 



the gentleman and should be recognized in the lawyer, and 
his efforts should be du'ected to the cultivation of all these 
graces and qualities. 

In personal appearance Mr. Philips is of the medium 
height, with brovm hair and light blue eyes. He is very 
social and genial in his feelings, aspiring to no praise ex- 
cept that of being regarded as an honest, upright man, aU 
of which he deserves, as he is remarkable for his candor 
and truthfulness. 



W. M. RANDOLPH, ESQ. 



No Lawyer in this or any State more fully commands 
the respect and confidence of the members of the bar, and 
the public, than Judge W. M. Randolph. He is a native 
of Virginia, about fifty years old, and a near relative of 
the great defender of State Rights, John Randolph of 
Roanoke. 

A learned and upright man, no worldly consideration can 
turn him from the strict path of honor and duty. He is 
amiable, courteous, gentlemanly and chivalrous. 

Descended from a noble line, he commanded from his 
birth all that wealth and family influence could give, with 
the best opportunities for education. 

In his youth he resided in one of the mountain districts 
of Vu-ginia, and his constant application to the study of the 
law impaired seriously his health. His grandmother, who 
was devotedly attached to him, requested him to take a 
horse and travel, for exercise and recreation, in the neigh- 
borhood of the place where they resided. 

Randolph, who was an excellent rider, did as he was in- 
structed. A few miles from his residence there was a cii- 
cus with an excellent equestrian company. He joined them^ 
and after traveling with them seven days, returned, home 
much improved in health. Upon being asked what he had 
done during his absence, he frankly stated the truth. His 
grandmother, who was an aristocratic lady and a strict 
Presbyterian, confessed that the young acrobat had done 
more than she had bai-gained for. 

It has been said that to genius irregularity is incident, 
and great men are often marked by eccentricity, as if they 
disdained to move in the vulgar orbit. Judge Randolph 
does not seem to pay much attention to appearances. His 
flowing beard resembles that of a Capuchin friar, and his 
hair, uncommonly long, hangs down over his coat coUar, after 
the old cavalier fashion. 

He is tall and well-formed, his features are regular and 
his eyes grey and brilliant. 

His familiarity with the principles of jurisprudence is as 
ample as his application of them is masterly. He has great 
intensity and dii'ectness of pui'pose and meets difficulties 
boldly. Accomplished as a scholar, he is unhesitatmg in 
his conduct, although polite in demeanor. His powers as 
an advocate are great. He is one of our best speakers. He 
has a refined classical wit and loves harmless pleasantry. 

Unlike his great relative, John Randolph, of Roanoke, 
his spirit is cheerful and his temper mild. 



6 



LC 



M 



(P 




JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



103 



THOMAS J. SEMMES, ESQ. 



HoK. Thomas J. Seaimes was bom at Georgetown, D. 
C, in 1824. He springs from one of the oldest families in 
Maryland, his ancestors having emigrated to that State 
with Lord Baltimore. 

He graduated with the highest honors at Georgetown 
College in 1842. He read law in the office of Clement 
Coxe, of that city, and entered the law school of Harvard 
University, where Judge Story and Simon Greenleaf were 
professors. He gi-aduated in 1845, and was admitted to 
the bar of WashLagton the same year. 

In 1850, he removed to New Orleans. Five years after 
he was appointed a member of the Democratic State Central 
Committee of the State Convention. During the guberna- 
torial canvas of '55 he had a controversy with a committee 
of the American party as to the right of naturalized citi- 
zens to vote. He distinguished himself at that time for 
his strong intellect and firmness of character. 

In the same year he was elected a member of the Legis- 
lature, and in this body he became Chaii-man of the 
Judiciary Committee. 

In July, 1857, he was appointed U. S. District Attorney, 
and in November, 1859, elected Attorney General of 
Louisiana. 

In 1862, he was elected Confederate States Senator, and 
in this body he was made a member of the Judiciary and 
Finance Committee. He prepared the tax bill in conjunc- 
tion Hon. R. M. T. Hunter, of Virginia, and wrote the 
report on retaliation and the resolutions from the Judiciary 
Committee on martial law. 

His palatial residence on Annunciation street, in this 
city, was, after the capture of New Orleans, confiscated, 
together with its fine furniture, paintings, mirrors, carpets, 
etc., which amounted to a considerable sum of money. 
His law library was stolen by soldiers under Gen. Butler, 
and at the end of the war, when he returned home and 
resumed the practice of his profession, he was quite poor. 

Since that time Mr. Semmes, by close application to busi- 
ness, has been accumulating property, and he is now on 
the road to fortune. It is generally believed that he and 
his partner, Mr. Robert Mott, have an excellent practice 
in the city. 

In person, Mr. Semmes is of the middle size; he has 
eyes of the color of the waters of the sea, that grow with 
promethean fire, regular features, and moustache and 
goatee, in which assiduous labor and long nights of study 
have interspersed not a few silver threads. His bald head 
ia a capital one — unrivaled ; still, he scorns to wear a wig. 

His exterior is apparently cold, probably from the fact 
that he is not demonstrative. Yet he is a true and reliable 
friend. His countenance is serious, but when excited in 
speech it grows articulate with the emotions that thrill his 
soul. His voice is musical and fits every intonation and 
cadence. 

His penetrative intellect possesses a perspicuity, as quick 
as it is vivid, and his conclusions do not wait upon labored 
induction. He darts at once upon the core of the subject, 
and starts where most reasonera end. 



He is familiar with the Latin and Greek classes. Taci- 
tus is his favorite author. 

Disciplined by such an education hia taste is always 
correct. 

In the subtle game of law he is adroit as a practiced gen- 
eral in the field. When he gets into his subject and is 
warmed witli it, he utters words of fire that carry the 
listener captive along with him. If his argument is close 
to the point, it is at the same time full of expositions of 
the adversary's inconsistency. Mr. Semmes is renowned 
for his ability to sway coui-ts by a logic, almost irresistible, 
and juries by a fascinating eloquence. He is, no doubt, a 
man of positive character, of pure reputation, and of un- 
tiring energies. He is called by some of oui- lawyers, 
" The incarnation of logic." At home he is quite amiable 
and his spirit buoyant and even playful. 



JUDGE THOMAS WHARTON COLLENS. 



Hon. Thos. Wharton Collens, who presides over the 
Seventh District Court for the Parish of Orleans, is a gen- 
tleman of unimpeachable integrity and a Judge of great 
capacity and learning. 

He was bom in Covington, La., and is fifty-nine years 
old. He was educated in this city, and has been thirty- 
nine years at the bar, discharging, at different periods, the 
offices of District Attorney and Judge of the Criminal 
Court with great ability. He is acqiiainted with the 
ancient and modem languages, and has written several 
philosophical works, which have been highly praised by the 
best critics. 

In order that the reader may see Judge Wharton 
Collens in the mind's eye, a brief outline of his outer 
man is necessary. 

In person he is slight and of the middle size. His face 
is pale, but often kindles ap with the light and brilliancy 
of his dark eye. He has regular features, and iron-gi-ay 
hair and beard. With fibres and nerves delicately toned, 
and not enjoying good health, his nervous system is some 
times irritable. 

Judge Wharton CoUens has a metaphysical turn of mind. 
Like all men of such bent, he is a stickler for technicali- 
ties. If he were a soldier he would be a martinet. 

His stj'-le is that of the severest reasoning. The language 
is choice, perfectly clear, and admirably suited to the 
matters which the words clothe. 

His decisions are based upon clear and rational grounda, 
evincing learning and showing a legal structure of under- 
standing, felicitous statement and profound knowledge. 

Over the Seventh District Court he has presided for 
several years, and his administration of its functions has 
shed a lustre alike upon that tribunal and the Judge. 

It may be said, without fear of contradiction, that a long 
time will elapse before there shall arise in this State such 
another legal luminary, to adom the bench, as the wor- 
thy gentleman I have briefly portrayed. 



104 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




FRANCIS H. HATCH. 



The subject of this sketch, although he has lived in 
Louisiana for nearly forty years, is a native of New Eng- 
land, his ancestors being among the early settlers of that 
colony, and having taken part in the Revolutionary strug- 
gle inaugurated by Adams, Franldin, and Washington. 
Mr. Hatch was born in 1815, and came to New Orleans 
when a mere youth, commencing life as a clerk in the then 
prominent wholesale grocery house of McLeod & Camp- 
bell, in which position he gave so much satisfaction to his 
employers that, before he was of age, he became a partner 
of the firm on the withdrawal of McLeod from business. 
The failing health of the remaining partner, Mr. Campbell, 
threw the entire management of the business into the 
hands of Mr. Hatch, and thus, at the early age of twenty- 
one, he found himself in a position of great responsibility, 
in which he proved himself equal to the occasion, and 
became well prepared for the vastly more arduous and 
responsible public offices he was to be called upon to 
occupy. In 1848, the failing health of his wife induced 
him to retire from business and to settle into the Parish of 
St. Helena, where he soon entered into the arena of politics, 
being first elected to represent that piney-wood region to 
the Constitutional Convention of 1852, a body which 
achieved the very unusual feat of preparing, discussing 
and adopting a Constitution for the State in the short 
space of twenty-five days. From 1854 to 1857 Mr. Hatch 
represented his parish in the Legislature, and in 1857, he 
received from President Buchanan the appointment of 
Collector of the Port of New Orleans, an ofiice which he 
filled to the entire satisfaction of the mercantile commu- 
nity, and with much honor to himself, as well as credit to 
the general government. Mr. Hatch's long identification 
with Louisiana led him to embark warmly in the cause of 
Secession, which he served with devoted fidelity throughout 
the late struggle, to the great detriment of his private 



interests. Returning from the war impoverished, but not 
disheartened, Mr. Hatch again reverted to his old business 
pursuits, and is now the President of the New Orleans 
Branch of the Mound City Life Insurance Company, one 
of the best known and most flourishing institutions of that 
kind in the South. Mr. Hatch is one of the best speci- 
mens of the hardy New England stock grafted upon the 
Southern stock. For his energy and industry, combined 
with great prudence, a clear head, and a high sense of 
honor, he owes the enviable distinction of having passed 
through the most trying vicissitudes, commercial and 
political, without ever failing to meet all his obligations, 
both private and public, and to retain to the fullest extent 
the esteem and confidence of the population among which 
he has spent the last forty years of a useful life. 



SAMUEL H. KENNEDY, ESQ. 



This gentleman was born in Massachusetts, in the year 
1816, and brought up as a farmer's boy in a family of 
eight childi-en. His education was confined to those ad- 
vantages which most farmers' sons were compelled to ac- 
cept, who were obliged to till the sterile soil of New 
England — that is, to go to school in the winter months and. 
work on the farm during the summer. His ambition as a 
youth was to go to Harvard College, at Cambridge, where 
his oldest brother graduated in 1826, and his position in 
all his classes, while at the town school and at the acade- 
my, induced his father to promise to send him to that in- 
stitution. But the death first of his mother and then of 
his father, while he was yet a boy, prevented the execution 
of that plan, which was a favorite one with him, and he 
was taken from his classes at the early age of sixteen, 
forthwith launched into the world and fitted for American 
life in the rigid but not profitable school of experience. 

He soon obtained a situation in a wholesale grocery 
store in Boston, where he remained till 1835, when influ- 
enced by the attractions of the Western country, which 
exerted a wondrous spell upon many young men of that 
region, he turned his steps thitherward. In December of 
that year he arrived at Alton, 111., with only a trifle in his 
pocket, but after looking around him found a situation at 
fifty dollars a month as book-keeper in a dry goods store. 
After two years service he embarked in the wholesale gro- 
cery business, in which he remained till impau'ed health 
compelled him to seek a warmer latitude, in order to avoid 
a threatened pulmonary disease. 

In 1843 he commenced business in New Orleans, under 
the fii-m of Kennedy & Foster, as Western commission and 
produce merchants. The death of Mr. Foster, in 1850, 
caused a change of the firm to S. H. Kennedy & Co., 
which name has remained unchanged up to the present 
time, and he is the only merchant now living in New Or- 
leans, who has continued twenty-nine successive years in 
the Western business. 

Mr. Kennedy has always been devoted to his profession, 
and by economy and close application has been rewarded 
with success. His rule has been — and he has found it a 
good one — to confine expenses in his own private affairs 
to a sum within his income. 



Soutliern Agents ior the 

Tie largest laaufaetirers in tli© ¥©rM -^f Sterliig Silver War©. 




m 

a 



oo 






JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



107 



Mr. Kennedy has been one of the most active members 
of the Chamber of Commerce of New Orleans, and for sey- 
eral years was elected its President. 

He was for many years before the war a Director in the 
Louisiana State Bank, when that institution was the lead- 
ing bank in the city. It had a capital of $2,000,000, and a 
deposit of over $5,000,000. Its stock was $190 in gold. 
The disaster of the war caused the bank to lose over 
$3,000,000. But under able management it paid all its 
liabilities. The result, however, was a condition so crip- 
pled that it was in 1870 about to go into liquidation when, 
at the request of a large number of stockholders, Mr. 
Kennedy was induced to take charge of the institution 
and resu.5citate it. This has been done under his skillful 
administration of its affairs, and it is now, under the Na- 
tional Bank system, one of the leading banks of the city. 

Mr. Kennedy is now in the prime of life and full of 
business energy. He is distinguished for public spirit,, 
and takes a lively interest in all matters connected with 
the progress and welfare of the community. 

On the corner of First and Camp streets, in the Fourth 
District, can be seen one of the most elegant houses in 
this city, surrounded with lovely grounds, laid out in the 
English lawn style, with a large variety of trees and 
shrubbery. Here Mr. Kennedy has resided for twenty 
years, surrounding himself and his family with those com- 
forts and elegancies (the result of a well-earned prosperi- 
ty) which a refined and cultivated taste can so well 

appreciate. 

i^ < >^ I I ^ 

THOMAS ALLEN CLARKE, ESQ. 



This respected and' successful lawyer was bom at 
Albany, in the State of New York, in 1814. His father 
was in the United States ai'my, and at the close of the 
second war with Great Britain he moved to Utica. His 
grandfather was Lieut. Allen, who, not suspecting the trea- 
son of Arnold, announced to him the eaptui-e of Andr6. 

The youth of Mr. Clarke was spent at Utica. One of the 
oldest boys at school with him was Gov. Horatio Seymour. 
Among his companions were Professor Dana, of Yale Col- 
lege, the most distinguished living geologist in the United 
States ; Dr. S. Wells Williams, the eminent Orientalist ; the 
late Gen. Morris S. Miller, of the United States army; 
Capt. Lathrop, of the Texas navy, prepared for College at 
Utica and Canandaigua. 

Mr. Clarke graduated at Hamilton College in 1834. He 
studied law at Utica, with Judges Kirkland and Bacon. 

He came to New Orleans in 1835, and (like Benjamin and 
other eminent lawyers, whose modesty makes them diffident 
and distrustful as to their immediate success), engaged in 
mercantile pursuits. He resTim.ed the study of the law 
with Judge Slidell, at the same time that he was paying 
teller in the Canal Bank of this city. 

In 1842 he was admitted to the bar, and since that time 
he has been one of our prominent lawyers. 

Mr. Clarke is a gentleman of fine personal appearance, 
with fair complexion, blue eyes and light hair. He has a 
striking air and dignified bearing, and is admired both for 
his talents and sterling integrity. 




CHARLES T. HOWARD. 



Among the many instances of men in this city who have, 
by their own exertions, industry and strict attention to 
their business, elevated themselves from comparative ob- 
scurity to positions of influence, wealth and character in 
the community, there is a no more strOdng instance of 
this fact than that represented by the subject of this 
sketch. 

Mr. Howard was bom in Baltimore in 1882. It was not 
his good fortune to enjoy the benefits of a thorough edu- 
cation but such as circumstances permitted, he readily 
availed himself of every opportunity. At an early age he 
left school in Philadelphia, after having qualified himself 
for the ordinary avocations of life. He then engaged in 
commercial pui'suits in that city until 1852, when he came 
to New Orleans. 

His first business connection here was with the steam- 
boat interests of the South and West, with which he was 
identified until 1854. At this time having demonstrated 
business qualities of a high degree by an assiduous atten- 
tion to his duties, he was recommended for and received 
the appointment of agent in this city for the Alabama 
State Lottery Company. His management of the affairs of 
this company, which was highly successful and satisfactory, 
was terminated by the breaking out of the war, in which 
Mr. Howard was one of the first to enlist under the banner 
of the Confederate States. 

He first served in the navy and afterward joined the 
Crescent Regiment, then under command of Col. Marshal 
J. Smith. In this regiment he was made Orderly Sergeant 
of Co. G, and served in that capacity until he was dis- 
charged on account of sickness. He afterward entered 
the cavalry service, where he remained on active duty 
around Mobile until the termination of the war. 

Upon returning to this city in 1865, Mr. Howard, like 
many others who had risked their all upon the issue of the 



108 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



great straggle for State Rights, found himself again upon 
the threshold of life. Nothing daunted, however, by the 
reverses of fortune or the loss of time, he again resumed 
work with the determination to recover all that had been 
lost. About this time the agency of the Kentucky State 
Lottery was tendered to and accepted by him. This posi- 
tion he fiUed with remarkable success until 1868. 

Mr. Howard's connection with the Alabama and Ken- 
tucky State Lotteries familiarized him thoroughly with the 
operations of those companies and demonstrated the im- 
mense profits accruing to these States under the patronage 
of which these institutions were conducted. Mr. Howard 
conceived the idea that Louisiana, too, might be made the 
beneficiary of a similar corporation and the thousands of 
dollars annually paid as a tribute to the lottery companies 
of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky and Havana might be 
poured into the coffers of his own State. With this object 
in view he secured the co-operation of a number of capi- 
talists and citizens and obtained a charter from the State 
Legislature in 1868, for the incorporation of the Louisiana 
State Lottery Company. Of this company Mr. Howard 
was elected President, a position he has filled from 1868 to 
the present time with marked ability and efficiency. The 
Louisiana Lottery Company, under his control, has become 
one of the most substantial and lucrative institutions of 
the city, the dividends on its stock exceeding those of any 
of the banks. 

Besides the business tact of Mr. Howard, which has 
made him so successful in life, he is a liberal-minded, gener- 
ous and public-spirited citizen. 

His name will be found connected with many of those 
public institutions which contribute so largely to the at- 
traction of the city and which, but for the patronage, en- 
ergy and liberality of a few such active and live men as 
Mr. Howard, would languish and finally pass away. To 
him is due in a great degree the establishment of the finest 
race course and Jockey Club House in the United States, 
and the success of the " Crescent City Yacht Club" is in 
like manner attributable to his lively interest in its wel- 
fare. Of the La-Jockey Club Mr. Howard is the Vice- 
President, and is also Vice-Commander of the " Crescent 
City Yacht Club," and is the owner of the famous yachts 
" Protos " and " Xiphias," whose fame as fast-sailing crafts 
is national as well as local. 

To all subscriptions for works of public improvement, 
charitable purposes and all schemes for the welfare of the 
city, Mr. Howard is always a liberal contributor. 

The institution of which he is President pays a tribute 
annually of $40,000 to the Public School Fund of the State, 
whilst personally the generous nature of Mr. Howard is 
evidenced by his many acts of kindness and charity unos- 
tentatiously bestowed and hence imknown to any but the 
grateful recipients. 

Mr. Howard is an exempt member of the Fire Depart- 
ment. For a number of years he was Treasurer of the 
La-Hose Company, and as a testimonial of the high appre- 
ciation in which he was held by the members, their elegant 
steamer is called the " Annie Howard," in honor of the 
charming little daughter of Mr. Howard. 



In 1854, Mr. Howard was married to Miss Floristelle 
Boulemet, a member of one of the oldest and most re- 
spected Creole families of New Orleans, and is now the 
father of four children. His residence (an engraving of 
which is on another page of this book) is pleasantly situated 
in the most delightful portion of the city, and is sur- 
roimded by all the elegance, luxury and comfort wealth 
can affbrd. And here Mr. Howard enjoys life and the 
fruits of his labor without ostentation, but with liberality 
in dispensing the hospitalities of his elegant home. 



THOMAS L. BAYNE, ESQ. 



Thomas Livingston Batne, a distinguished lawyer of 
this city, was born in Jones county, Ga., but moved at an 
early age to Butler county, Ala., and resided there until 
his education was completed. He is about 45 years of age. 
I am told by one of his intimate friends that Mr. Bayne en- 
tered Yale College in 1843, and graduated with distinction 
in 1847. 

He came to New Orleans in 1848, and studied law with 
his friend, Mr. Thomas Allen Clarke. 

He was admitted to the bar in 1860. Three years after- 
wards he entered into a partnership with Mr. Clarke, which 
continues to the present time. 

When our late war for the independence of the Southern 
States broke out, Mr. Bayne entered the 5th Company of 
the Washington Artillery as a private. He was one of the 
foremost in the battle of Shiloh, where he was shot through 
the right aim whilst serving one o'f the guns of his com- 
pany. He recovered in a few weeks, and subsequently 
was appointed captain of artillery for gallant conduct in 
the field. Soon after he was promoted the rank of Lieuten- 
ant Colonel. 

At the close of the war, Mr. Bayne returned to New Or- 
leans and resumed the practice of the law with his former 
partner, Mr. Thos. Allen Clarke. 

A few years before the war, he married in Selma, Ala- 
bama, the fair and accomplished daughter of Hon. John 
Gayle, ex-Governor of that State, ex-member of Congress 
of the Mobile District, and ex-Judge of the United States 
First District Court. 

Mr. Bayne is a gentleman not only highly esteemed in 
this State for his honesty and profound knowledge of the 
law, but for his amiability and courtesy towards Ills fellow 
members of the bar. This gentleman, together with his 
partners, Mr. Clarke and Mr. Ren haw, has an excellent 
and deserved practice in this City. 

Mr. Bayne is of the middle size, of sUght frame, and with 
fair complexion. 



Washington Square is in the Third District; is 
bounded by the Elysian Fields, Great Men's, Casa Calvo 
and Frenchmen streets. Though admirably situated, 
owing to the distance it stands from the denser portion of 
the city, it has not yet received those attentions which, at 
some future day, will render it a beautiful promenade. 



1^ 



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to 



P 



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iiiiiiiiiiiiiiij/ 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY LLUSTRATED. 



Ill 




CAPTAIN W. I. HODGSON. 



Washington" Ieving Hodgson was born in Louisville, 
Kentucky, on the 27th day of November, 1833, and after 
receiving a very limited education in that State, and at the 
" Eaton Seminary " in Murfresboro, Tenn., removed to the 
City of New Orleans, during the Fall of 1847, (then only 
about fourteen years of age), and began his business career 
as an under clerk in the well remembered hardware estab- 
lishment of J. Waterman & Co., comer of Common and 
Magazine Sts., remaining there some years ; he changed 
to the house of Samuel Locke, as entry clerk, in the same 
line of business, and afterwards as bookkeeper and cashier 
with Messrs. Ales. Norton & Macaulay, grocers, and C. C. 
Bier & Co., stove dealers. We find him in 1858, and up to 
the breaking out of the war in 1861, occupying the same 
position with Col. Jas. B. Walton, the well known auction- 
eer, and after many years service with that distinguished 
gentleman, in March, 1869, we find him associated with 
Mr. Charles T. Nash, as the junior partner in the firm of 
Nash & Hodgson, Auctioneers and Real Estate Agents. 

Mr. Hodgson is the youngest son of Captain Henry 
Hodgson, favorably known from 1815 to 1834, as the com- 
mander of some of the largest and finest ships then plying 
the Atlantic, between New Orleans and the ports of 
Europe, and it was on one of these, the " Parker & Sons," 
under his command, that some of our most worthy, enter- 
prising and public-spirited citizens of foreign birth made 
their first trip to this country. Among whom may be 
mentioned Robert Slark, John Watt, John D. Bein, Dr. 
Richard Bein, William and Samuel Bell, and hosts of 
others, the most of whom, with their old friend, now fill 
honored gi-aves, Captain Hodgson dying in England at an 
advanced age, dui'ing the recent war. 

Mr. Hodgson's mother, Jane Josephine Howard, was 
born in Dublin, Ireland, of American parents, and was re- 



tm-ned to Dublin and educated, and on her final return to 
America, was married at an early age, while a guest at the 
hospitable residence of a Louisville gentleman. She was 
very popular in Washing-ton and Philadelphia society, 
along from 1825 to 1830, and was noted far and wide for 
her beauty and accomplishments, speaking fluently five or 
more languages, and numbered among her particular 
friends the families of Washington Irving, Henry Clay, 
Daniel Webster and others. 

This esteemed lady died suddenly of cholera in this city 
in 1853, deeply mom-ned and regretted by a large circle of 
friends. 

Mr. Hodgson is a direct descendent, on his maternal 
side, from some of England's great personages, and is a 
great great grand nephew of Robert Elliott, who so suc- 
cessfully commanded the defences of the " Gibralta," dur- 
ing a seven years seige, by all the combined forces of 
Eui-ope, and for which His Royal Master knighted him 
" Lord Elliot Heathfield." 

His maternal grandfather was an officer in the U. S. 
Army during the English war of 1812, and whUe gallantly 
leading his troops at the battle of Bladonsbiu-g, in the de- 
fense of Washington City, received woTinds from which he 
suffered for many years, and which finally resulted in his 
death. 

The subject of oui- sketch, imbibing somewhat the spirit 
of excitement and adventure, as it were, of his ancestors, 
joined the renowned corps, the Battalion Washington Ar- 
tillery, (then a single company) as far back as the 3rd of 
April, 1851, and during a series of years, passing through 
the various grades from private onward. He entered the 
Confederate service in March, 1862, as captain of the Fifth 
Company of that famous corps, which office he subse- 
quently resigned, to accept service with his good friend, 
the late Henry W. Allen, then Governor of Louisiana, as 
the commander of the State Artillery (doing outpost duty 
with the Confederate troops and under Confederate au- 
thority), and rendered eminent and conspicuous services 
to the state and government throughout the entire war, 
remaining in the service until after the last gun was fired, 
receiving his parole from the U. S. forces, on the surrender 
of Gen. E. Kirby Smith's army, in the Trans-Mississippi 
Department, in June, 1865. 

Through his checkered and varied life, either as clerk, 
merchant, soldier, citizen or friend, Captain Hodgson has 
ever proven himself honorable, just and charitable to his 
fellow man, with a gay and happy disposition and cheerful 
pleasant manner with all, he has, thi-ough his indomitable 
energy, capacity and sterling entegrity (in connection with 
his partner), built up a large and prosperous business, 
second to none in their line, and they enjoy the esteem 
and confidence of the entire community. 

A PECULIARITY in our city railroads is that there are no 
conductors. Passengers on entering the cars walk up to 
the fare-box, and deposit five cents — this being the price 
for a ride to any portion of the city. The amount saved 
by the Companies, by salaries for conductors and their ])er- 
quisites add largely to the increase of dividends on the stock. 



112 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



HENRY ABRAHAM, ESQ. 



This gentleman, of Israelitish extraction, was born in 
Germany in 1836. Having finished his academic course at 
home, he, at an early age, emigrated to the United States, 
and the first place where he fixed his residence was the 
beautiful city of Montgomery, Alabama, where, in 1851, he 
entered into trade with his brother, who had also left his 
fatherland for the New World, and where he remaiaed ten 
years advantageously and prosperously occupied. 

In 1862, he removed to New Orleans, the great mart of 
Southern and South-western commerce. Here he first en- 
tered into the wholesale business on a large scale, with F. 
Goldsmith, Esq., under the finn name of Abraham & Gold- 
smith, which continued until 1866, when he formed a 
co-partnership with other parties in the cotton commission 
business, under the firm name of Lehman, Newgass & Co., 
New Orleans. He subsequently became partner in the 
fiiTus of Lehman Brothers, New York, under the name of 
Lehman, Newgass & Co. ; also of Lehman, Durr & Co., 
Montgomery, Ala., and of B. Newgass & Co., Liverpool, 
England. 

The business of this fu-m has been prosperous frora the 
start, owing to the mercantile skill, high integrity and 
general intelligence of the principal at the head of it, and 
of the gentlemen associated with him in the management 
of its affairs. It has experienced no reverses, and has 
rapidly risen to occupy the rank of one of our first com- 
mercial houses. It has also extended its branches to other 
commercial centres. 

Mr. Abraham has settled the question, which has pro- 
voked skepticism at the North, and been regarded doubt- 
ful at the South, of the perfect feasibility of establishing 
cotton manufactures successfully in this section of the 
country. Indeed with the staple, machinery, water power 
and steam power necessary for manufacturing purposes, at 
our own door, it is sui-prising that our large capitalists and 
enterprising citizens have not embarked in this profitable 
enterprise at an earlier period. His Lane Cotton MUls, 
beautiful and commodious structures, situated on Tchoup- 
itoulas Street, near Napoleon Avenue, in which yarns, 
ropes, osnaburgs, sheetings, shu-tings and blankets, of the 
finest texture, are manufactm'ed, equal to any produced in 
Europe or America, and for which the demand is large, 
and being continually extended, have introduced an era in 
this great industrial interest, for which not only New 
Orleans, but the whole Southern country is greatly indebted 
to this public-spirited citizen. We have regarded these 
mills as furnishing so marked a feature in the history of 
the times and of the reiiaissaiice of this metropolis, that we 
have had an accurate engraving of them made for this 
work. In prosecuting the noble enterprise (a novelty in 
our midst) with a species of enthusiasm that has been 
attended with the most encoui'aging results, the subject of 
this notice has had a special eye to the condition of a large 
class of persons among us who have been reduced to 
poverty and destitution by the late unhappy war. With a 
humanity that does honor to him, and to the persecuted 
and distinguished race from which he has descended, he 



has sought out, in the thoroughfares of the city, this class 
of persons, by the hundred, and given them a home and 
occupation. Not only men, but indigent boys and girls, 
clamoring for bread but willing to work, have been em- 
ployed by him and rewarded for their labor. The number 
of operatives daily employed in and about the factory, in 
various tasks, ranges at from sixty-five to seventy. It 
forms the nucleus around which similar institutions will, in 
process of time, spring uj), by means of which, as the 
example spreads, far and wide, from city to city, and from 
town to country, the South will, at length, become as well 
known and as noteworthy, for its manufactures, as it now 
is for its agriculture and its commerce. 

In addition to the cotton mills, Mr. Abraham, under the 
firm of Smith & Goldsmith, started the Commercial Cotton 
Press, which, with the buildings attached to it, occupies 
four blocks on Tchoupitoulas street, where cotton is re- 
ceived in large quantities, stored, handled, pressed, pre- 
pared for market, and shipped on its destination. This is 
a great advantage to our planters and to purchasers and 
shippers of cotton. The Press itself is the most complete 
piece of workmanship of the kind ever imported into this 
city, and furnishes occupation, in various ways, for a 
large number of operatives. 

Mr. Abraham is a Director in the Germania National 
Bank, and also a Director in three of our Insurance Com- 
panies, viz : the Crescent Mutual, the Hope, and the Teu- 
tonia. When not at his office, where he is generally to be 
found " from early morn to dewy eve," he is usually to be 
met with at the Bank, or some of the Insurance oifices, or 
on " 'Change, where merchants " most do congi-egate," re- 
ceiving or imparting information as to the rise or fall of 
stocks, and the condition of the market at home and 
abroad. To politics, such as it has been for the last ten 
years in this community, he has an extreme aversion and 
never meddles with it. 

This prosperous merchant takes a deep interest in the 
progress and completion of the new Jewish Temple " Sinai," 
on Carondelet street, now nearly finished, and has been a 
liberal contributor to it, as well as an ardent supporter of 
the cause of the Refoi-med Israelites, for whose special 
benefit that elegant structure was originally designed. 
One of the features which distinguishes their worship fi'om 
that of the old time Israelites is, that, in accommodation to 
the spirit of the age, and the requirements of modern civi- 
lization, their service, in part at least, is conducted in the 
English language. 



Washington Square. — This fronts on Elysian Fields 
street and the line of the Pontchartram and the New Or- 
leans, Mobile and Texas Railways. The square is other- 
wise bounded by Frenchmen, Dauphine and Casacalvo 
streets. From the river side it is overlooked by the Third 
Presbyterian Church, a fine brick building, whose front and 
steeple are now green with clambering vines. The square 
is enclosed with an iron fence, is copiously shaded upon ine 
borders and is open for parades in the centre. It is the 
favorite resort for the childien of the vicinage. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




WM. S. PIKE, Esq 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



M #e iMBWm^ 



WiLBIM&s 



§ 



»TMEET« 



jv^n oszEiiJvs 



T'L 



A.SSOCIA.TIOIT. 

CHARTERED MAY 7th, 1869. 
o 

Capital, S1,O0©,©®© 



C. Cavaeoo, Presiienl, 

G. Lauaui, Secretary. 



C. Cavaroc, 
Chas. DeKuyter, 
Leon Haas, Jr., 
E. r. Mioton, 
W. Agar, 



DIEECTOBS: 

S. Cambon, 
A. Poincy, 
J. EgU, 
P. S. WUtz, 
L. Queyrouze 



A. Thibaut. 



TniB Insceanoe Company, 
although one of the youngest, 
is ah'eady numbered among 
the most prosperous and pop- 
ular associations of the same 
character in New Orleans. It 
■vvas established in August '69, 
under the auspices of Mr. C. 
Cavaroc and a number of well 
known capitalists and mer- 
chants, and in December 1870, 
the act of incorporation was 
amended by the adoption of 
the mutual principal, under 
which no stockholder can par- 
ticipate in the profit of the 
company unless he has effected 
insurance therein and paid 
premiums accordingly, and 
then only in the proportion of 
the earned so paid, and by 
which also the capital of the 
Association was fixed at one 
million of dollars [1,000,000.] 
The last quarterly statement 
of the New Orleans Mutual 
Insurance Association, pub- 
lished Sept. 30th, 1872, shows 
that during that quarter the 
Fire, Marine and River pre- 
miums received amounted to 
1316,492,08, the net earned 
premiums to $150,387,90, 
from which amount, after de- 
ducting losses, expenses, in- 
terest on capital paid, etc., 
there still remained the sum of $70,933,09 as the net profits of the 
quarter ending Sept. 30th, 1873. 

The assets of the Association at the same date amounted to $1,093,- 
438,35. The above figures show a most fiourishing condition of the 
Association, so ably conducted by Mr. C. Caravoe, with the efficient 
aid of Mr. George Lanaux, the accomplished and highly esteemed 
Secretary of the company. It is proper to add that the magnificent 
marble front tbi-ee story building just erected by Mr. H. Howard, 
architect, on the site formerly occupied in Canal Street by the Me- 
chanics' and Traders' Bank, is the property of the New Orleans Mutual 
Insurance Association, whose office occupies the front part of the 
ground floor. The rear part is occupied by the New Orleans National 
Banking Association, and on the first story is the office of the Cresent 
City Live Stock Landing and Slaughter House Co., all of which are 
also presided over by Mr. Cavaroc. 




This Bank, formerly called 
the Bank of New Orleans, 
was about to go into liquida- 
tion at the end of the war, 
when a few of the stockhold- 
ers had the happy idea of call- 
ing Mr. C. Cavaroc to the 
helm. Under his auspices a 
vigorous and altogether suc- 
cessful effort was made to re- 
vive this institution, the result 
of which was soon felt in the 
highly increased value of its 
stock, which in 1868 was 
quoted at $17, and is now 
[1873] worth 32. 50. Under it s 
new title, the New Orleans 
National Banking Association 
is now organized as a National 
Bank, with a capital of 
$600,000, divided into 20,000 
shares of $30 each. The last 
official report made according 
to law on the 3d of Oct. 1873, 
shows the large sum of one million one hundred and ninety-eight 
thousand five hundred and twenty-eight dollars and twenty cents 
[$1,198,528,20], as amount of individual deposits at the close of bus- 
iness on that day, from which an accurate conception of the popular- 
ity and success of this bank may be formed. To Mr. C. Cavaioc, the 
able and energetic President, this fiourishing condition of the New Or- 
leans National Banking Association is mainly due, nor should we forget 
to add that he is very efficiently supported by an excellent Board of 
Directors, and by the gentlemanly cashier of the Association, Col. Numa 
Augustin, an intelligent merchant who, having left the counting-house 
for the tented-field during the late war, returned to his former peace- 
ful avocations in 1865, and is now doing good service to the conmiu- 
nity in his present capacity. The New Orleans Banking Association 
is one of those financial institutions of which any city might feel 
j ustly proud, and it stands second to none in the estimation of the public. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



115 



JAMES "W. ZACHARIE. 



The subject of this sketch was one of the oldest and 
most respected merchants of this city. He was a native of 
the city of Baltimore and at the time of his death was in 
the seventy-fourth year of his age. He arrived in this 
city on the 1st of January 1803, about the period of the 
transfer of Louisiana from the French Republic to the 
United States, and was one of the few survivors who wit- 
nessed the event. 

Mr. Stephen Zacharie, the father of the present sub- 
ject, was Cashier of the Bank of Louisiana, the first insti- 
tution of the kind established in the States, and his family 
soon became closely connected with the business interests 
of the newly acquired territory. At the period of the 
British invasion, James Zacharie, in common with the 
youths of his age, threw aside his books, to participate in 
the eflfort to expel the invaders. He was wounded in 
the battle of the 23d of December 1814, and was also in 
the celebrated battle of the 8th of January 1815. 

Shortly after his father's death he was summoned from 
school to take charge of his business affairs, and by his in- 
dustry and capacity soon became one of the most prominent 
merchants of this city. He supported with untiling energy 
every effort to advance the mercantile interests of New 
Orleans, and duiing his long and prosperous career, was 
very active in maintaining the commercial relations with 
the Spanish "West Indies, the Spanish Main, and with Mex- 
ico. He was made President of the Chamber of Com- 
merce, and was frequently the director of Banking insti- 
tutions. Like most men of sterling and positive character 
he possessed many eccentricities, but withal was exceed- 
ingly kind hearted, liberal and honorable. Being one of 
the most prominent and successful merchants he soon ac- 
quired a large fortune and was enabled to retire to private 
life and enjoy the fruits of his laboi's. At his death New 
Orleans lost a most useful and enterprising citizen, and his 
family a kind, generous and indulgent parent. 



LOUIS JANIN, ESQ. 



The subject of this sketch is a living example of a man 
retaining his physical and mental powers in perfection past 
seventy years. 

He was born in France. In spite of his reticence con- 
cerning his origin, his contemporaries know that on his 
mother's side he belongs to one of the noblest families of 
the Kingdom of Portugal. His grandmother married one 
of the generals of Frederick II, of Prussia. The King of 
Portugal, who admired the genius of this eminent soldier, 
employed him to instruct his troops in the new military 
tactics. 

The mother of Louis Janin was the issue of that mar- 
riage. Mr. Janin became an orphan in his infancy, and 
was sent to Germany and reared on the estate of his grand* 
father. After the death of the latter, his tutor settled his 
accounts and succeeded in getting young Janin to travel 
through Western Europe. 

He saw military service for some time, and at last felt a 
desire of coming to the United States. 



He arrived in 1826 or '27 and visited the West, where he 
learned the English language, which he now speaks with 
rare perfection, as well as the German, French, Italian 
and Spanish. 

In 1828 or '29 Janin came to New Orleans and was 
much pleased with the country and the manners of the 
people. 

He was, a few years afterward, admitted to practice as a 
lawyer, and has since had no superior competitors in his 
profession. 

He has great professional energy, and his numerous suc- 
cesses in the most complicated cases, mark him as a great 
lawyer. 

Mr. Janin is a cultured gentleman, frank and straight- 
forward, and always ready to assist others. 

In 1845 he established a sugar refinery in the neighbor- 
hood of New Orleans, in association with Mr. J. P. Benja^- 
min, at that time a famous lawyer in this city. He lost in 
this undertaldng a large capital, which he had accumulated 
by his untiring industry at the bar. 

In 1830 or 1831 he married Miss Covington, one of the 
daughters of Governor Covington, of Kentucky. He had 
from that marriage four sons, who have distinguished 
themselves by their acquirements and honorable character. 

Edward, the eldest, died in the field of honor, during our 
late civil war, whilst in command of a Confederate com- 
pany. The other three sons are at present practicing law 
in California, Nevada and Washington City. 

Mr. Janin is of small stature and rather stout, with 
piercing dark eyes. 

All those who know him can testify to his amiable dispo- 
sition and suavity of manner. 

It is generally conceded that as a land lawyer he has no 
superior in the United States. 



HON. RANDELL HUNT, ESQ. 



Hox. R.^.KDELL Hunt was born in Charleston, South 
Carolina. He is about fifty years of age, and above the 
middle size. 

He has been United States Senator, and is one of the 
Professors of our University. 

Ho firmly opposed secession and showed at all times his 
attachment and devotion to the Union ; but when the war 
broke out, he did not hesitate to partake of the destiny of 
the South, and was true to her cause and interests. 

If we have an orator in the highest sense of eloqaience — 
the lofty, the impassioned, not being among us common 
qualities — it is he. No lawyer ever advanced greater 
claims to the personal confidence and respect of the bar. 

He possesses great depth of voice, speaks with fluency, 
and displays a confidence both of assertion and tone which 
seldom fails to take his hearers' judgment captive. 

Mr. Hunt is distinguished for a most honorable character 
in private life, moderate opinions in politics, extensive in- 
formation upon all subjects in his profession, and talents of 
a high order. 

He is a great constitutional la^vyer. The eflTorts of his 
genius combine with majestic declamation the deepest 



116 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



pathos, the most lively imagination and the closest reason- 
ing. 

When addressing a jury his strength lies in the lofty 
appeals he makes to the nobler qualities of the heart and 
in his withering scorn of the sordid and base. 

Mr. Hunt is generally admired not only for his high 
talents, but loved for his generous, charitable, magnani- 
mous and social disposition, frank and direct, with no mean 
qualities or littleness of mind. 



ISAAC N. MARKS, ESQ. 



This gentleman, of Hebrew descent (as his name indi- 
cates) and universally regarded as a distinguished repre- 
sentative of his ancient and highly favored race (in all 
respects save his adoption of Christianity as constituting a 
positive fulfilment of Hebrew predictions), was born at 
Charleston, South Carolina, May 5th, 1S17. At the age of 
nineteen he removed to New Orleans and has resided hero 
ever since, greatly esteemed by aU classes of citizens of all 
creeds, both for his private and his public virtues. None 
of our merchants have maintained a higher character for 
integrity than he, none have reached the acme of wealth 
and prosperity by the exercise of superior skill. Nor does 
he appear at any time to have been more solicitous for his 
own advancement than for the public interests. 

Soon after his arrival here, the mercantile firm of E. J. 
Hart & Company was established, of which Mr. Marks was 
an influential member. The credit, financial ability, and 
extensive resources of that Ann are as well understood at 
New York, Chicago and St. Louis, as they are at New Or- 
leans, and whenever and wherever the name of Isaac N. 
Marks is mentioned in connection with it, it has always 
been considered a synonym for honor, promptitude and 
efliciency. 

Mr. Marks has identified himself very creditably with 
our public institutions. Officially, he stands in a most re- 
sponsible position, at the head of the Fire Department of 
the city — an essential part of oui- city organization, and 
probably no city in the Union is more adequately provided 
with men and means for the prompt extinguishment of de- 
structive fires, and for relief to the sufferers by them, not 
merely by Insurance Companies, but by the Fire Compa- 
nies themselves, than the city of New Orleans. In 1840, 
four years after his arrival here, he was elected President 
of Perseverance Fire Company No. 13, and, from year to 
year, continued to be reelected to that office. In 1850 he 
was chosen President of the Firemen's Charitable Associa- 
tion, representing all the Fire Companies of New Orleans, 
a kind of Masonic brotherhood, whose province it is to 
minister to the wants of the families of its deceased mem- 
bers. For seventeen years Mr. Marks has been elected to 
fill this delicate and difficult post by acclamation — an evi- 
dence of the fidelity with which he has dispensed the char- 
ities of this noble association. During all that time he has 
also been Chairman of the Board of Commissioners of the 



Fire Department, and, in that capacity, been often required 
to settle nice questions, referred to him, growing out of 
their contract with the City Government. 

The thirty-fifth anniversary of the Firemen's Charitable 
Association will ever be a memorable day in the history of 
New Orleans, and in the life of the subject of this brief 
notice. The whole population of the Ci'escent City took a 
deep interest in the celebration of this anniversary. The 
sentiment which pervaded the entire community was one 
of deep gratitude to the brave and heroic men who were in 
the habit of exposing their lives to save fiom destruction 
the lives and property of their fellow citizens and to their 
distingiiished President. As the Fire Companies moved 
on through our gieat thoroughfares, arrayed each in its 
own unifonn, with their glitteiing engines gaily dressed 
with flowers, to the sound of martial music, they, by pre- 
vious arrangement, paused opposite the City Hall, in order 
to pay their respects to his Honor, the Mayor, and the 
City Council. The addiess made by the President of the 
Fire Department, and the response of the Mayor on this 
occasion, were equally creditable to the good taste of both 
those distinguished individuals, and the subseqiient pre- 
sentation to Mr. Marks, at the Varieties Theatre, with im- 
po.sing ceremonies, of a magnificent silver punch bowl, 
goblets and salver, testified to the high respect and esteem 
entertained for him by the Fire Companies, and was recog- 
nized as well merited by the approving acclamations of 
thousands of gentlemen and ladies who were present to 
witness it. 

Soon after his establishment in New Orleans, the interest 
which he took in public afi'airs caused him to be elected an 
Alderman of the Second Municipality, which brought him 
into association with such men as Samiiel J. Peters, James 
H. Caldwell and Henry Ren,shaw, who are, to the present 
day, justly regarded as fathers of the city, and projectors 
of some of the most important refonns, particularlj- in the 
department of education, that have occurred since the 
foundation of it. In all these interprises Mr. Marks took 
a decided and prominent part. 

As President of the Louisiana Fair Association for a 
series of years, he has fimiished evidence of an interest in 
the Agi'iculture, Mechanic Arts, and Manufactures of the 
State, such as has probably been displayed by no other in- 
dividual in our midst. He is President also of the New 
Orleans, Florida & Havana Steamship Company, President 
of the New Jerusalem Church Society, Director of the Sun 
Mutual Insurance Company and President of the Mutual 
Aid and Benevolent Life Association. 

Mr. Marks was always, in polities, an old Line Whig. 
belonging to a party that embraced many of the purest 
patriots and ablest statesmen in the Union. In our late 
troubles he adhered steadfastly to the cause of the South. 
Two of his sons were in the Confedei'ate army. One of 
them (Henry Clay) died at Malvern Hill, fighting valiantly 
at the head of his own company. The other. Rev. Alexan- 
ders Marks, is a highly esteemed Episcopal clergjTnan of 
this' city. Mr. Marks is one of nine brothers, all of them 
still living, save one. He is said to have been iminently 
fortimate"in all the relations of domestic life. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTEATBD. 




IHlfH 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



119 



CHARLES W. RINGGOLD. 



Charles W. Rin'GGOLD is a native of this city, and per- 
haps the most youthful Federal official in the building. 
He has very decided ability, and makes a most excellent 
officer, being perfectly courteous and respectful to every- 
body, and at the same time watchful of the interests of 
the Government — a decided improvement on his prede- 
cessor. 

Mr. Ringgold acquired his business education in the old 
hardware establishment of McCutcheon, Howell & Co., be- 
fore the war. In 1865 he received his first official appoint- 
ment, being made chief clerk of the Appraiser's Depart- 
ment. He was elected to the Legislature from the Fourth 
Ward in 1870, and was appointed State assessor of the 
Sixth District in 1872. In March, of the present year, he 
was appointed Postmaster to succeed C. W. Lowell. 

CAPT. BLAYNEY T. WALSHE. 



Amokg the young and rising merchants of New Or- 
leans there is none whose success has been so marked and 
so rapid as that of Mr. B. T. Walshe, nor is there any one 
more highly esteemed in the community than he is for high 
social character and sterling integrity. Bom in New Ross, 
Co., Wexford, Ireland in 1840, Mr. Walshe, with his parents, 
came to New Orleans at the early age of thirteen years, and 
soon after his arrival here found employment in the house of 
Lagay & Lecanu, then the leading boys' and childi-en's cloth- 
ing establishment of the city. Here he remained for a series 
of years, and by diligence, industry and close application 
prepared himself for the discharge of more responsible duties 
and for a wider field of labor. At the opening of the war Mr. 
Walshe was engaged in the well-known clothing house of 
Norris, Maull & Co., but like hosts of his countrymen, 
when his adopted State claimed his services in the army, 
he promptly responded to the appeal, and in 1861 joined 
the famous Washington Artillery. In May of the same 
year he was elected Lieutenant of Company A, of the Irish 
Brigade, subsequently incorporated in the Sixth La-Regi- 
ment, commanded by Colonel I. G. Seymour. In the record 
of this regiment, made famous by its bravery and efficiency 
and by its proud position in Hay's Brigade and Stonewall 
Jackson's Corps, he fidly participated in all of its glories 
until, at Gaines's Mills, Captain Walshe was severely 
wounded in the anlde during the seven days' fight before 
Richmond. Thus being made unfit for active duty in the 
field, he was assigned to duty in Richmond as Chief of the 
Passport' Office of the Department of Henrico. About a 
j year after, when able to dispense with the use of crutches, 
1 e was assigned to staff duty as Chief Provost Marshal of 
South Mississippi and East Louisiana, and served until the 
termination of the war. 

Havmg discharged well and faithfully his duties as a sol- 
dier he returned to New Orleans poor in pocket, but full 



of hope, and with a determination to begin anew as it 
were the battle of life, but not upon such blood-stained 
fields as those he had so recently abandoned. Peace once 
more blessed the land ; the avenues of trade and commerce 
were once more opened. For these avocations the early 
training of Mr. Walshe had cultivated a taste and devel- 
oped a talent that subsequently crowned his efforts with 
abundant success. In October 1868, by industry and 
economy, Mr. Walshe was enabled to embark in business 
on his own account. His knowledge of the business of 
gentlemen's furnishing goods and boys' and children's 
clothing prompted him to make this line a specialty, and 
to say that he has been eminently successful woidd only be 
to re-echo the public verdict. As one thoroughly identified 
with all of the interests of New Orleans, coming from a 
foreign country and adopting this as his home, there is no 
better specimen of a stranger possessing all of the attri- 
butes of an exemplary and valuable citizen than Mr. 
Walshe. In 1863', he married a most estimable lady of 
New Orleans, and is now the father of five interesting 
children, three boys and two girls. In his pleasant but 
unpretendnig home he is surrounded by all the comforts 
and pleasui-es a devoted family and the fruits of an indus- 
'■rious life can alone procure. In the various relations of 
life Mr. Walshe is by every one recognized as worthy of 
confidence, respect and esteem. As a citizen he is public- 
spirited, enterprising and liberal. The improvement of the 
city, public works, and private enterprises for the general 
good all meet with his hearty support and substantial as- 
sistance, whilst his social character is that of an upright 
and honorable man, a true friend and a generous benefactor. 

« » ^ I ^ 

AMILCAR FORTIER. 



The President of the Bank of America has filled the po- 
sition up to the present time with great honor to himself 
and great acceptability to the Stockholders, having already 
declared during the last three years of his administration, 
dividends exceeding ninety per cent on the original capital of 
the Bank, after paying all its cash balances since the war 
in gold. Mr. Fortier is a native Louisianian and traces 
his ancestry to two of the oldest, best-known, and 
most esteemed families in the State. Although still in the 
prime of life, (he was born in 1826), Mr. Fortier has the 
reputation of being one of the most prudent, cautious and 
conservative of our Bank Presidents, and his judgement, 
being guided by a very accurate as well an extensive 
knowledge of the business men of New Orleans, the Bank 
of America, under his administration, has suffered fewer 
losses than it ever did before, whilst its deposits have grad- 
ually increased, until they now stu'pass in amount those of 
every other Banikng Institution in the city. 



Place p'Akmes. — This is an open parade groiind com- 
monly known as " Congo Square," fronting on Rampart 
street, between St. Peter and St. Anne streets, with St. 
Claude street in the rear. It differs in no essential re- 
spect from the other public squares of the city. 



120 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



JOSEPH A. MAYBIN, ESQ. 



This eminent citizen and able lawyer came to New 
Orleans from Philadelphia, his native city, in the year 
1817, and has resided here ever since, greatly respected by 
all classes of citizens among us. Learned, faithful, con- 
scientious, judicious, no member of the profession has com- 
manded more of the confidence of the community, and he 
has enjoyed an imiform and respectable practice. 

He has been forty-four years a ruling elder in the First 
Presbyterian Church of this city, over which the Rev. Dr. 
Palmer is now pastor. This office is one of great trust 
and importance in the Presbyterian denomination, — the 
duties bemg to assist the pastor in visiting the sick, dying 
and bereaved members of the church, and in other most 
important spiritual matters, and, on account of his want of 
legal practice for a number of years past, Mr. Maybin has 
been enabled to execute this trust with great assiduity and 
fidelity. 

He prefers the Presbyterian Church from education, and 
the conviction that its doctrines are most accordant with, 
and sustained by, the truths of the Bible and by sound 
philosophy. 

Although not a minister of the gospel, he is permitted to 
officiate every Sunday morning in the Presbyterian church 
at Carrollton. 

Regai-ding the intelligence of the people, as well as reli- 
gion, essential to the maintenance and prosperity of free 
institutions, he was among the foremost of those who 
sought to promote the interests of education in our midst. 
He accordingly united with the late Samuel J. Peters, 
Joshua Baldwin, Leonard Mathews, Dr. Picton, and other 
high-toned and patriotic men in the great educational 
reform which was introduced here in 1841, and which 
secured for the inhabitants of this city and State, and 
ultimately (as the light of example spread) for the inhabit- 
ants of the whole Mississippi Valley, the advantages of a 
course of popular education, which imited all the best 
traits of the New England and Prussian systems. To the 
promotion of this cause, Mr. Maybin, " in season and out 
of season," devoted all the energies of a benevolent heart 
and of an acute and powerful intellect. 

He was, for nme consecutive years, chaii-man of the 
Committee on Teacliers for the Schools of the Second 
Municipality,— a difficult, delicate and responsible trust, in 
the discharge of which (however attached to his own reli- 
gious opinions) he endeavored not to be influenced by any 
theological bias. Whether the applicant for a place were 
a Catholic, a Protestant or an Israelite, it mattered not to 
this truly liberal man, provided he or she (as the case 
might be) possessed the necessary qualifications for teach- 
ing. On the latter point, he was inflexible. 

During the same period, he also acted as a member of 
the different committees for visiting the schools in the 
same municipality. 

After a high-school for boys was established in the 
second municipality, he did not regard the system com- 
plete till a similar institution was introduced for the bene- 
fit of the other sex. The paternity, so to speak, of the 



Young Ladies' High-School, in this city, it is believed, is 
to be attributed to Mr. Maybin, who, for the space of five 
years, watched over its interests and progress with en- 
lightened and ceaseless vigilance. 

Mr. Maybin, if not the founder of the Houses of Refuge 
in this city, was one of the first of our philanthropic 
citizens who took effectual steps for tlieir establishment 
and organization ; and, with a view to the reformation of 
the juvenile inmates, the commissioners procured the 
erection of and rented different buildings for the two 

sexes. 

Mr. Maybin was appointed by the Council of the Second 
Municipality a commissioner of those houses for eight con- 
secutive years ; and, during the nine years last past, he 
has, every Sunday afternoon, instructed the inmates of the 
Girl's House of Refuge, in the Holy Scriptures. 

In 1837, Governor Edward White offered to appoint him 
one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the State, but 
he declined. 

In the year 1841, his friends requested him to apply for 
the appointment of District Judge of the United States for 
the District of Louisiana, which application woiUd proba- 
bly have been successful. He declined this also. 

For the space of twenty years, commencing from 1841, 
and extending down to the secession of the State from the 
Federal Union, he was in the habit, as opportunity offered, 
of giving oral religious instructions on Sunday afternoons 
to colored people, in the Lecture Room of the First Pres- 
byterian Church. 

When the question of secession was agitated, Mr. May- 
bin was opposed to the measure. He delivered his first 
public speech against it in the theatre on Poydras street, 
and other public speeches in opposition to it at different 
places, and wrote three articles on the subject, which were 
published in the Picayune with his name attached. 

He did not discuss the constitutionality of secession, ad- 
mitting that there were great authorities in its favor, but 
he denied its expediency, considering it a bold ax.A dan- 
gerous remedy, and recommended the co-operation of the 
several slave States for the adoption of such measures as 
would most fully protect their interests and rights. 

But when the State of Louisiana adopted its ordinance 
of Secession, on the 26th day of January, 1861, Mr. May- 
bin could not unite with men, who, for a quarter of a cen- 
tury, had assailed our institutions in violation of the Con- 
stitution of the United States, who were strangers to him, 
and for whom he had no sympathy ; and he determined to 
unite with his fellow-citizens, with whom he had resided 
forty years, to whom he was attached by strong associa- 
tions, and with whom he was identified by pecuniary m- 
terest. He accordingly laid aside the obstruse question of 
the propriety of secession, and heartily united with his 
fellow-citizens in favor of the Confederate cause. 

He was a member of a company of one hundred men, 
too aged to perform military duty, but who were organized 
to maintain order and preserve peace in the city, m muta- 
tion of a corps of citizens formed lor the same purpose 
during the invasion of Louisiana by the British m 1814 
and 1815 ; which company of one hundred men were caUed 



HKtiiaM^i^^^ 



i 



m 



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^ 



^' 




JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



123 



" The Fossils," and, during the whole year of 1861, paraded 
the streets with their double-barreled shot guns, and were 
called, by Mr. Maybin, " Old Fogies." 

Governor Moore appointed him Chaplain in the Louis- 
iana Militia, which oiBce he accepted, in order to be with 
the sick, wounded and dying soldiers, and administer to 
them those comforts and consolations which humanity and 
religion prescribe. He, however, had no opportunity to 
perform the duties of the office, as the city was soon after- 
wards captured. 

Mr. Maybin has nearly lost the sight of his eyes, but his 
intellectual vision is bright as ever. He is still profession- 
ally consulted, but, in preparing law documents, employs 
an amanuensis. He may be seen, nearly every day of the 
week, at the Sun Mutual Insurance Company's oflBce, 
whose law concerns are committed to his management, in 
which, however, ho is ably and faithfully assisted by Henry 
J, Leovy, Esq., of this city. 

No citizen of the living generation, in New Orleans, has 
devoted himself, for half a century, with more singleness 
of purpose, with a clearer and more comprehensive intelli- 
gence, or more sustained perseverance, to the g^'eat inter- 
ests of law, religion and the education of the people, than 
the venerable citizen, to whose active and able career we 
have, in these brief remarks, only done partial justice. 



JAMES I. DAY, ESQ. 



This distinguished, gentleman, descended from one of the 
oldest families of New England, was born at New London, 
Conn., in 1812. No incidents connected with his child- 
hood and early education have come to our knowledge, but 
his career as a man of business is well understood. In 
1827, at tie age of fifteen years, he became connected with 
a hardware establishment in New York city, in the capacity 
of a clerk. Five years afterwards, viz : in the Fall of 
1832, he came to New Orleans, and connected himself in 
the same way with a mercantile concern of like character, 
the old and respectable firm of Whiting & Slark, of which 
firm he became a partner in the year 1837, and in which 
he continued, under the respective finns of Whiting & 
Slark ; Slark, Day, Staufi"er & Co. ; and Slark, Day & 
Stauffer, until the year 1853, when he retired and removed 
to Connecticut, his health having been considerably im- 
paired by his long and close application to business. 

In 1836 Mr. Day formed a matrimonial connection with 
Miss Armitage, of Baltimore, sister of Mrs. Robert Slark, 
of this city, an alliance which contributed greatly to his 
domestic felicity. 

Upon the death of Mr. Benjamin Story, in consideration 
of his financial abilities and influence, he was elected to 
supply his place as President of the Bank of Louisiana, 
which position, however, he resigned in favor of Mr. Wm. 
W. Montgomery, his own avocations not permitting him to 
give as much attention to the Bank as he thought nec- 
essary. 

After taking up his residence in Connecticut, he became 
partner in the house of Bruff, Brother & Scarer, in New 



York, who, at the commencement of the war, were doing 
the largest hardware business in that city, and that almost 
entirely with the South, and which, in consequence of the 
war, became utterly ruined, involving him (being the capi- 
talist in the concern), in very large losses. 

Mr. Day was for many years President of the New York, 
Providence & Boston Railroad Company, and of several 
other Corporations in Connecticut and New York. 

In consequence of his sympathies with the South in the 
early part of the war, he was threatened with arrest and 
imprisonment, and other hostile demonstrations. An order 
was at one time issued in New York for the seizure of his 
papers and effects, and only deferred through personal in- 
fluence of Republican friends. The pressure on him was 
so great that he at length felt compelled to leave the 
country for a time. He accordingly went to Europe, 
where he spent about a year, till matters were quieted at 
home. He then returned to New York, where he remained 
until the close of the war, which stripped him of all his 
property. 

In 180 8 he returned to the Crescent City, where he asso- 
ciated himself with his son-in-law, C. H. Sloeomb, Esq., 
and where he remained until his election recently to the 
office of President of the Sun Mutual Insurance Company. 
Dui'ing his long residence in New Orleans, he has been 
associated with most of the public enterprises of the day, 
always acknowledging the obligations which every success- 
ful man of business owes to the community in which he 
lives, and consequently co-operating with a cheerful spbit 
with all patriotic men, and contributing substantial aid to 
every meritorious object that claimed his attention. A 
Northern man, trained in Southern principles — the princi- 
ples of the Federal Constitution — he loved with ardor the 
land of his birth, but has always adhered to his political 
faith with inflexible firmness. Exposed to the vicissitudes 
of fortune, he has never succumbed to them, but with 
every reverse that has befallen him has reasserted his in- 
dependence, and addressing himself with renewed energy 
to the task of triumphing over difficulties and achieving 
the success which, for the most part, crowns the labors of 
courageous men. 



THOMAS SLOO, ESQ. 



This venerable gentleman, now in the eighty-third year 
of his age, but with intellect unimpaii-ed, and a cheerful- 
ness of temper which promises a prolongation of his active 
and useful life, was born in Washington, Mason County, 
Kentucky, April 5th, 1790. At sixteen years of age, he 
removed from his native State to Cincinnati, Ohio, and the 
first position in which we find him, is that of Assistant to 
General Findlay, Receiver of Public Moneys at Cincinnati, 
and which he appears to have occupied till the year 1820, 
when he removed to Illinois, and devoted himself to agri- 
culture. 

The interest which he took in publi« afi"aii-s led to his 
election several times to the Legislature of that enterpris- 
ing and prosperous State. On one occasion he was nomi- 
nated as ita Whig candidate for Governor, when he can- 



124 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



vassed the entire State, in opposition to the celebrated 
Ninian Edwards. 

In 1828 Mr. Sloo removed to New Orleans, and estab- 
lished himself as a Commission Merchant, maintaining a 
high reputation for gentlemanly demeanor, honor and in- 
tegrity. For several years he occupied the responsible 
post of City Treasurer. 

Upon the organization of the City Schools, about the 
year 1840, the deep interest he had always taken in the 
cause of popular education, led to his appointment as one 
of their Directors, in connection with Leonard Mathews, 
Esq., Hon. Joshua Baldwin (then Recorder of the Second 
Mun'icipaUty), Dr. Picton and J. A. Maybin, Esq.— all men 
of great respectability and among the leading citizens of 
New Orleans, at a period when it was the custom of the 
city to appoint only such men to stations of trust and 
honor. 

From the time of the incorparation of the Sun Mutual 
Insurance Company of New Orleans, he has filled, with 
marked ability, the office of President of that flourishing 
institution ; but, in consequence of advancing years, has 
recently retired from its arduous labors. He still take.s 
a lively interest in its affairs, is provided with a seat at its 
office, which he frequents daily, and retains for life, through 
the courtesy and liberality of the company, his annual 
salary. 

Trained in the old school of politeness, no gentleman is 
more remarkable for the urbanity of his manners, the 
equanunity of his temper and the eminent pui-ity of his 
character ; none is ever more ready to find some apology 
for any one whom he may hear accused of wrong. So scrii- 
pulous is he as to injui-ing the virtue of others, that he was 
never heard to speak ill of any one, or repeat a rumor to 
his injury. In his friendships he is as reliable as he is 
slow and deliberate in forming them. 

In politics Mr. Sloo used to belong to the Old Line 
Whigs, when that party was in the ascendency, and his 
memory still lingers with fondness over its history. In 
religion he is a quiet, steadfast devotee of Episcopacy. In 
opinions and practice he is a conservative, holding the 
golden mean that lies between objectionable extremes. 



The City Prisons.— These edifices are built of brick, 
and plastered to imitate granite, they are three stories in 
height, occupying one hundred and twenty three feet on 
Orleans and St. Ann streets, by one hundred and thirty- 
eight feet nine inches between them. They are two in 
number, and divided by a passage way that is closed to the 
public. The principal building has its main entrance from 
Orleans street, through a circular vestibule, closed by 
strong iron doors. The lower story contains the offices 
and apartments of the jailor. The second story is divided 
into large halls for such prisoners as require to be less 
strictly guarded. The plan of the third story is similar. 
The whole is surmounted by a belvidere, with an alarm 
bell. The cost is estimated at $200,000. 



MRS. MARY S. WHITAKER. 



This well known poet, essayist and novelist, is a daugh- 
ter of Rev. Prof. Samuel Furman, one of the most emi- 
nent, eloquent and learned divines of South Carolina, and 
granddaughter of Rev. Richard Fui-man, D. D., of Charles- 
ton, S. C, charum et veneraUle nomen, connected with the 
annals of the American Revolution, and the early history 
of South Carolina, of whose Constitution, such as it was 
before the commencement of the late war, he was one of 
the original framers. So powerful was the influence ex- 
erted by this celebrated divine in spreading, among the 
masses of the people, the flame of liberty and independence, 
during the revolutionary era, that Lord Cornwallis set a 
price upon his head. He was greatly beloved by all classes 
and denominations of people while he lived, and his funeral, 
upon the interment of his remains, was the largest ever 
seen in Charleston, except that of the late John C. 
Calhoun. 

On the mother's side, Mrs. W. is of Scottish lineage, of 
the family of Scrymzeour, famous in Scottish history, and 
including among its celebrated names, those of Montook 
and Dundee, immortalized by their heroism, and by the 
pens of Sir Walter Scott and the late lamented Aytoun. 

She received her earliest instructions under the domestic 
roof, from her now venerable father, always a ripe scholar, 
an acute logician, and imbued not less with the love of let- 
ters than philosophy. She early exhibited a sensitive 
genius, and displayed much poetic power, devoted herself 
assiduously to the study of history on an extended scale, 
and of English classics, particularly the poets of Great 
Britain. To an amount of leaning, rarely attained by the 
women of America, she unites a cultivated taste and a high 
order of intellect. Probably there is no English prose 
writer, of either sex, who has attained to greater vigor and 
purity of style. She particularly excels in the *lineation 
of scenery and character. Her Poems, published in 1850, 
elicited the highest praise from William Cullen Bryant and 
other American critics. In Europe, her poetical efi'usions 
attracted attention, and the celebrated Thomas Campbell, 
at a literary reunion at the house of the late Robert Cham- 
bers, on hearing one of her pieces recited, clapped his 
hands, exclaiming : " That belongs to the school of Pope 
and Campbell, which is the best of all schools, and I claim 
this young lady as my spiritual daughter." 

While in Scotland with lier parents, she married John 
Miller, Advocate, of Edinburgh, brother of the present 
Member of Parliament for Leith and the adjacent boroughs. 
Mr. Miller was at that time Assessor for Leith, and, subse- 
quently, her Britannic Majesty's Attorney-General for the 
British West Indies. This distinguished official died at 
Nassau, New Providence, three months after then- mar- 
riage. . . 

Mrs. Whitaker is still actively engaged in writmg, and, 
if her life is spared, will, in all probability, be better known 
to the public hereafter than she now is; although, by her 
voluminous communications to the press, and her pubhshed 
pieces, prose and poetical, she has already acquired the 
reputation of being one of the most finished and elegant 
authors of this century. ^^ . ^ ,.,. ■.„ 
She is wife of Prof. D. K. Whitaker, of this city. 






-« 




JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



127 



ALFRED HENNEN, ESQ. 

This truly estimable and learned jmist, who has recently 
passed off the stage of life, at the advanced age of eighty- 
fire years, is deserving of the highest tribute of respect 
that can be paid to his memory by the living generation. 
His name is a connecting link between two centmies, of 
which the eighteenth claimed his boyhood, and the nine- 
teenth his youth, manhood and old age. Around both 
epochs his numerous virtues have shed an undying charm. 
Louisiana will never forget one who was a denizen of her 
territory five years before she became a State, and who, 
through all the mutations of politics, was an unflinching 
advocate of her sovereignty and her honor. New Orleans, 
with whose interests his own were identified, from the time 
it was a village till it became the great and flourishing city 
it now is, where he acquired solid and enduring fame and 
an ample fortune, in his capacity of an able advocate and 
a learned counsellor, has equal cause to remember the 
venerable sage, who, by his wisdom, energy and lofty ex- 
ample, has shed lustre on her history. 

This distinguished personage was born in Maryland, A. 
D. 1786. He pursued his collegiate course of studies at 
Yale College, where he graduated with distinction in the 
twentieth year of his age. Piously trained by excellent 
parents, the religious element of his nature was fully de- 
veloped at the early age of sixteen years, when he became, 
by open profession, a member of the Presbyterian Church, 
to which he was ardently attached and of which he was a 
Ruling Elder for nearly half a century, having been raised 
to that influential position by regular ordination in the 
year 1828, according to the forms of that church. " His 
name," says Dr. Pahner, in the eloquent discoui-se of that 
distinguished divine, delivered on the occasion of his death, 
" heads the list of the original twenty-four, who, in the 
month of November, 1823, were organized, according to 
our eccle,siastical canons, into the First Presbvterian Church 
of New Orleans." 

In his youth he was inclined to adopt the ministry as 
his profession, but subsequently shrank from its lofty re- 
sponsibiUties, and, on his graduation, determined on the 
study of the law, which he commenced and prosecuted for 
a couple of years at New Haven under the direction of 
Judge Chauncey. 

To the noble profession he adopted he was always pas- 
sionately devoted, especially to the Department of the Civil 
Law, emphatically the law of Louisiana, the fountain as 
well as crown, of the Common Law of England. It would 
be invidious to compare him with other great civil law 
lawyers with whom the New Orleans bar has been ..raced 
from time immemorial. Suffice it to say, that he was among 
the most prominent of its expounders and among the most 
successful of its practitioners. To great legal lore he 
added a taste for literature, which served to elevate the 
tone of his profession. He had no mean acquaintance 
with the Oriental tongues, especially the Hebrew To 
great dignity of manners he added a grace and affability 
that were truly attractive; and to very decided views a 
spirit of conciliation, that secured respect and prompted 
aflection. Few individuals who have adorned the munici- 



pal, ecclesiastical, and legal annals of the Cresent City, 
have passed off the stage with a nobler and more stainless 
record than the late venerable Alfred Hennen. 

For about twenty years he was an able and efficient 
Director of the old Bank of Louisiana, during its days of 
prosperity. 

JAMES FRERET, ESQ 

James Freret, Esq., descended, on the mother's side, 
from the ChevaUer D'Arensbourg, of Swedish stock, and] 
on the paternal, from the Frerets, of England, belongs to 
one of the oldest families in Louisiana. His maternal an- 
cestor, the Chevalier D'Arensbourg, emigrated to this coun- 
try in the eariy part of the last century, and was invested 
with the government of the " German coast." According 
to Gayarr6, about 1721, three years after the foundation of 
the city. His name aouears in the roster of the garrison, 
as Captain, iu 1740. 

His paternal grandfather, James Freret, emigrated from 
England some time previous to 1790. It is worthy of 
mention that he started the first cotton press ever used in 
this city, (a hand-power press,) on Royal street, in the first 
decade of the present century. His example was shortly 
after followed by his brother-in-law, V. Rillieux, who also 
had a hydraulic hide press. 

The subject of this notice was born at New Orieans, 
April 26, 1838. He commenced his studies as an architect' 
the profession for which he had an early predilection, in 
1856, at the age of eighteen years, remaining for a few 
months in the sash factory of Mr. George Purves, then in 
the office of that architect, who was then erecting the First 
Presbyterian Church. One year afterwards, he entered 
the office of W. A. Freret, Esq., one of our most highly 
esteemed architects, where he remained till the month of 
June, 1860, during which he drew the plans for the Touro 
Alms House, unfortunately consumed by fire before the 
edifice was completed; the celebrated Moresque Building 
corner of Camp and Poydras streets, three iron buildings 
on Canal street, «&c., &c. 

In June, 1860, Mr. Freret visited Europe with a view to 
perfect hunself in his profession, where, for the space of 
thirteen months, he prosecuted with diligence the course 
of studies prescribed by L'Ecole des Beaux Arts. He then 
travelled in Italy, Switzeriand, France and England 
sketching notable buildings. ' 

In August, 1862, he returned home through the blockade 
at Charieston, S. C, entered the engineer service of the 
Confederate States Army; was disabled at Port Hudson • 
began business again after the war; completed the Mo- 
resque Buildings; designed the first Fair buildings the 
Louisiana Savmgs Bank; the foui-story building at the 
corner of Common and Magazine streets, the new office 
(shortly to be built) for the New Orieans Gas Light Company 
also, the new Sprmg HiU College, the extension of the Con- 
vent of Visitation, and the new front of the Cathedral at 
Mobile, Ala. 

«n?^if f u'* '' ^!?^^^ esteemed by his brother architects, 
fn, .^ K '"""^ ''1^^^^''^' ^""^ ^'^ '^^^ i° I^is profession, and 
toi the honor and mtegrity which have always marked his 
career in ufe. 



128 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



REV. JOSEPH p. B. WILMER, D.D., BISHOP OF 
THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF LOUISIANA. 



This learned and eloquent prelate is of a Maryland fam- 
ily, well-known in the annals of that State. He removed 
in early childhood, to Vii-ginia. He was educated at Ken- 
yon College, Ohio, from which he received his first degree. 
His ministerial life passed in Virginia, where he married 
into the Skipwith family, and where he lived in charge of 
a parish, until he accepted a call to St. Mark's Church in 
Philadelphia. He received his Degi-ee of Doctor of Divinity 
from Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. He resigned his 
parish in Philadelphia, at the commencement of hostilities 
between the North and South, believing that the course 
pursued by the former towards the latter was not only un- 
constitutional but unchristian, and feeling that he could 
not conscientiously invoke the blessing of Heaven on the 
success of a cause essentially unjust. On thus severing his 
connection with the North, and with a people to whom he 
was greatly attached, and who regarded him with love and 
veneration, and deeply regreting the step which, from a 
sacred regard to principle and a deep sense of duty, he felt 
himself compelled to adopt, he returned to his estate in 
Virginia and remained in retirement with his family till the 
close of the war. He was, soon after, elected to the Epis- 
copate of Louisiana, and removed to this city. 

Bishop Wilmer is about five feet eight inches in height, 
compactly built, with strongly knit and well-proportioned 
limbs, blue eyes, broad forehead, fair complexion, open 
countenance, plants himself firmly on his feet, gesticulates 
but little, and has a clear, rich and ringing voice suited to 
an orator, and reaching, without difficulty, the remotest 
parts of a large church. His head is silvered over with the 
snows of nearly three score years, but his aspect in the pul- 
pit, when animated by his subject, is that of a man of forty 
or forty-five at the utmost. His manner is rather calm and 
dignified than impassioned; but he immediately arrests 
attention by the strong and generous thoughts that spring 
from his heart, and by the order and convincing force of 
his argiiments. No scholar is a greater master of pure, 
vigorous, flexible and elegant English. No divine of the 
Church of England, or of any other church, is more liberal 
and tolerant in his opinions, nor more free from cant. He 
makes no compromise, however, with vice, folly or egotism, 
which he regards proper subjects of rebuke or censure. 

He is a fine conversationalist, and the attentive listener 
knows not which to admire most, the breadth of his intel- 
lect, the extent of his information, or the goodness of his 
heart. The interests of Christianity and of the church are 
uppermost in his mind, and those who are honored by his 
friendship never fail to be impressed by the loftiness of his 
motives, and the extent of his charity. His object, in his 
interviews with others, seems to be to render the obliga- 
tions of truth more imperative, and the Christian virtues 
more attractive than they were before. He has a decided 
antipathy to political preachers, political sermons, and 
political prayers, regarding them fruitful sources of the 
skepticism that prevails in this country at this time. 

When the illustrious General Lee, at the close of the late 



war, doubted as to the expediency of acceptmg the invitation 
he had received to take charge of Lexington (afterwards 
Washington) College, he visited Dr. Wilmer to consult 
with him on the subject of his duty in this matter. At 
first Dr. Wilmer endeavored to dissuade the General from 
accepting so humble a post, adding that the Presidency of 
the Virginia University would be more suitable for him. 
The people of Virginia, and of the whole South, would be 
proud, he said, to see him placed at the head of their time- 
honored University. 

General Lee, thanking the Doctor for his fiattering pro- 
posal and promised aid in consummating it, promptly but 
decidedly declined, saying that Providence seemed to have 
clearly opened the way to his acceptance of the Lexington 
College, where he thought there would be a sphere of use- 
fulness which would task his powers to the utmost. 

His friend was deeply afi'ected by his arguments, yielded 
to the modesty of this truly great man, acquiesced in his 
judgment, and embraced him with a degree of warmth 
which honest sympathy alone could inspire. " Now,' ' said 
the latter, " I listen to you with pleasure." 

The two friends, it is said, then discussed, in extenso, the 
great questions of education, and General Lee proceeded 
to organize and establish the Washington College, and to 
place it on a footing which has made it one of the most cel- 
ehrbrated and valuable educational institutions in the 
country. A fairer illustration of the spirit of true Chris- 
tianity cannot be furnished than was exhibited by those 
two eminent men on this occasion. 

Dr. Wilmer, for the space of two years, was a Chaplain 
in the American Navy, during which engagement he vis- 
ited various centres of civilization, among others thrice 
visited England. Few Americans have enjoyed finer op- 
portunities for observation, and an extensive knowledge of 
mankind. He has four children — a daughter and three 
sons. One of his sons is a practitioner at law in the City 
of Baltimore. 



MAJ. JOHN H. NEW. 



Maj. New within a few years has succeded in placing 
himself in the front rank of his profession. 

He is a native of Louisville, Ky. 

He commenced the study of the law in the University of 
Mississippi. He afterwards graduated with high honors 
in Harvard College, Mass. 

He first went to practice at Baton Rouge, where he soon 
made himself known for his intellect and legal lore. 

In 1861 when the South resorted to arms, Maj. New 
served in Gen. Hays' brigade as Adjutant Genral and dis- 
tinguished himself for his ability, ready knowledge and 
efficiency, in the discharge of his duties. 

After the war Maj. New settled in New Orleans and 
devoted his attention to the practice of his profession. 
He has since visited the principal cities of Europe. 

As a lawyer he is noted for the quickness of his percep- 
tion. In an examination be fathoms the inmost thoughts 
of witnesses. Although gsnerally dispassionate, he is an 
excellent speaker. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




CHARLES FITZEJNTPvEITER 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



131 



REV. HENRY SAMUEL JACOBS. 



Minister of the Hebrew Congregation, " Dispersed of 
Judah," was born at Kingston, Jamaica, in the British 
"West Indies, on the 22d day of Marcli, 1827. Exhibiting 
a decided inclination for the ministry from hia youth, he 
early qualified himself for the sacred calling, beginning his 
theological studies under the Rev. Moses N. Nathan, who 
was subsequently the first minister of the Hebrew Congre- 
gation in this city, to which Mr. Jacobs is now attached. 
After officiating for three years as lay reader, he was, in 
his twenty-first year, placed in charge of the small congre- 
gation, " Habitation of Peace," at Spanish Town and Ja^ 
maica, till he was called to fill the important office of min- 
ister in the Kingston Congregation, " Gates of Righteous- 
ness." 

His health having become impaired by too studious and 
sedentary a life, and feeling an irrepressible yearning to 
make the United States his home, he left his native island 
on the 3d of January, 1854, and reached New York the 
following week. His reputation as a zealoiis, devout, and 
indefatigable minister of his faith had preceded him, and 
this, together with the demand for English preachers 
(which has since assumed the largest proi^ortions,) led to 
his receiving more than one call, terminating in liis accep- 
tance of that of the Portuguese Hebrew Congregation of 
Richmond, Va., the duties of which he assumed about a 
fortnight later. Here he labored successfully for nearly 
fom years, when the pulpit of the Congi-egation, " Shear- 
ith Israel," of Charleston, S. C, then one of the largest and 
most influential in the Union, having become vacant, was 
tendered to him in the most flattering tenns ; but loath to 
leave his Richmond flock, he eventually consented to 
change his field of labor, only on the urgent advice of his 
numerous friends, who believed that his efibrts in the holy 
cause would be more valuable in the wider ministrations to 
which he was so earnestly invited. 

In this position he continued successful in his clerical 
charge, gaining many friends and winning golden opinions 
from all sorts of men — but " grim-visaged war " had over- 
taken the land — the battle of Secessionville had been 
fought — the " swamp-angel " had commenced shelling the 
chief city of South Carolina, and its streets were deserted 
of their many familiar faces. The Synagogue was " vmder 
fire," and the congregation had dispersed. 

In this emergency, the Board of Trustees suggested to 
Mr. Jacobs to move to Columbia, where a large part of his 
flock had taken refuge, and he accordingly proceeded 
thither and organized public worship. This state of affairs 
continued till February 17th, 1865, when the Union Army, 
under General Sherman, reduced that beautiful inland city, 
the capital of the State, to a heap of ruins. 

Sharing in the general calamity Mr. Jacobs lost all his 
earthly possessions, and escaped from his burning home- 
stead with but the clothing on his back, finding temporary 
shelter with his family under the roof of a friend in the 
subui'bs of the city, till opportunity offered of moving to 
Augusta, Ga., the nearest point of refuge and safety. For 
about a year he continued there still ministering in his 
holy avocation. 



Peace, meanwhile, had been restored; but it was des- 
tined that he should not resume his clerical charge at 
Charleston ; for the Synagogue there had been so injured 
by the shelling of the city that it could not be used in its 
then condition ; whilst the few members of the congrega- 
tion who remained were too impoverished either to repair 
it or provide the necessaries to continue ijublic worship. 
Hence he had to resign the office he held there notwith- 
standing the attachment he felt to his Charleston flock. 

Receiving several calls at this time he elected to a cept 
the one coming from this city, which he now fills as minis- 
tei- of the Hebrew Congregation, " Dispersed of Judah." 

Mr. Jacobs belongs to the conservative party of his de- 
nomination, which, whilst recognizing the necessity for 
some legitimate concessions to the scientific isrogress and 
inquiring spirit of our times, and the social condition of the 
country in which we live, yet respects the pious usages of 
antiquity, and holds firmly and uncompromisingly to the 
fundamental principles of Judaism, thus taking the inter- 
mediate position between Radical Reform and ultra-Ortho- 
doxy. 

Having been educated as a teacher, he has given much 
thought and labor to the cause of education. In his eight- 
eenth year he was placed in charge of a Public School in 
his native country, and subsequently elected principal of 
the consolidated Hebrew schools. He was also engaged in 
the same duties in Richmond, Va., Columbia, S. C, and 
Augusta, Ga. In this city, at the establishment of " The 
Hebrew Education Society," he was its first President 
and afterwards became Superintendent, — a post which he 
has only recently relinquished. His interest in education 
has been most pronounced, and is his marked character- 
istic, and, it is expected, will continue to be exercised for 
the general welfare of the community. 

None of our ministers, of any denomination, are more 
distinguished for learning, eloquence, and ui-banity of man- 
ners, than the Rev. Mr. Jacobs ; and none exerts a more 
decided and high-toned influence in the various circles of 
society in which he moves. 



MARKETS. 



The markets are a prominent feature in a description of 
New Orleans. They are numerous, and dispersed, to suit 
the convenience of the citizens. The prices of many arti- 
cles they offer are very fluctuating. Not dearer, however, 
on an average, than in New York. Stall-fatted meats are 
not so usual here as at the North, preference being given 
to the grass-fed. The mutton has no equal in America. 
Poultry and fish are fine ; and vegetables, except potatoes, 
are abundTrnt, and speak well for the soil that produced 
them. Fruit, from the West Indies and our own Wt'st. is 
not only plenty but of the best kind. The regulations are 
excellent, and are strictly enforced by officers appointed 
for that purpose. The gi-eatest market day is Sunday, 
during the morning. The traveler, who leaves the city 
without visiting one of the popular markets on Sunday 
morning, has suffered a raje treat to escape him. 



132 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



ALEXANDER HAY, ESQ. 



Alexander Hat, Esq., President of the St. Andrews So- 
ciety of New Orleans, was born ou the 26th of February, 
1832, in Stranraen, a small sea-port town in Wigtonshire, 
Scotland, near the seat of the Earl of Stair, of " the Mas- 
sacre of Glencoe " notoriety. Mr. Hay was educated at 
the old University of Glasgow, and, at the age of twenty- 
two, after an apprenticeship of three years, took the man- 
agement of the large Tannery of Messrs. Thomas Pitting 
& Co., of Port Glasgow, which position he filled for eight 
years, until compelled by ill health to relinquish it. 

From the time of his leaving the tan-yard till his de- 
parture to the United States, he traveled over the larger 
portion of Europe in pm-suit of health, but seeking that 
blessing in vain. His physician then advised him to take 
passage on a sailing vessel and try a warmer climate. 
Complying with this recommendation, he set sail for the 
port of New Orleans, and by the time of his arrival here 
in June, 1865, after a long voyage, found his health com- 
pletely restored. It was not in his nature to remain inac- 
tive. His old occupation among hides and leather had 
great attractions for him, and he thought there was a good 
opening here in that line of business. He was first em- 
ployed as a clerk merely, but, in the course of a year from 
the time of his arrival, was able to set up business on his 
own account, when he established (taking into partnership 
a native of New Orleans) the firm of Hay & Mehle (50 
Commerce and 120 St. Peters streets), one of the largest 
houses, if not the largest, in the trade of Hides and Wool 
in the city of New Orleans, and which has been exceedingly 
successful. 

Mr. Hay furnishes an instance, not uncommon among his 
countrymen, in which the character of the industrious, per- 
severing tradesman, is fully blended with that of the scholar 
and the gentleman. It is to the union of such characteristic 
traits (and which are worthy of all imitation where they 
are attainable) that he is largely indebted for his prosperity 
and success. 

Mr. Hay was married in Bannockburn to a lady of that 
memorable village. Miss Miller, by whom he has two chil- 
dren alive, a son and a daughter. He had the misfortune 
to lose two fine boys in 1867. 

In November, 1869, he was first elected President of the 
St. Andrews Society, and has had the unusual distinction 
conferred upon him of being annually reelected the Presi- 
dent of that most honorable and beneficent association 
ever since. 

He is Agent for the Anchor Line of Trans-Atlantic 
Steamships, running twice a week between New York and 
Glasgow. This Company has a fleet of thirty-six steamers 
afloat, and seven more on the stocks. The career of the 
founder of this Line is somewhat remarkable, and affords 
evidence that colossal fortunes are often made in the Old 
"World as well as the New. Forty years ago, three little 
Scotch boys started life together, owning first a sailing 
smack only ; gradually rising in the gradation of tonnage 
and rig, until they had served in schooners, brigs, barques, 
ships, and were conversant with every detail in connection 
with these diS'erent types of vessels. These little Scotch 



boys rapidly rqse to be the world-wide known firm of 
Handyside & Henderson of Glasgow, the owners of the 
Anchor Line, a fieet that cost $180,000,000. 



REV. GEORGE H. DEERE. 



This highly esteemed pastor of the Unitarian Church in 
this city was born at Oswego, N. Y., September 4th, 18"27. 
He was the son of an artist who entertained very liberal 
notions on the subject of Religion, took gi-eat. pains in the 
personal tiaining of his son. Owing to a defect in his eye- 
sight which became apparent in his infancy, his education 
was necessarily domestic. 

The mother of young Deere was a Methodist, and as 
mothers are apt to exercise a controlling influence on the 
minds of their children, and do much towards shaping theu" 
character and opinions, it is not surprising that, shut out 
measurably from the world by his misfoi'tune, and conse- 
quently addicted much to meditation and reflection, the 
youth should have adopted the maternal creed. In 1843, 
however, " a change came over the spirit of his dream," 
and at Brooklyn, N. Y., to which city he had removed, and 
where liberal views of theology had obtained a lodgment, 
ne became an Universalist, the paternal recollections and 
influences now prevailing over the maternal. 

Inclination and circumstances pointed him to the church 
as the department best fitted for him. He, accordingly, 
devoted himself to the study of theology, first under the 
tuition of Rev. Dr. Sawyer, now Packard Professor of The- 
ology at Tuft's College, Boston, and, afterwards, under 
that of Rev. Dr. Thayer, of Brooklyn, N. Y., now editor of 
the Universalist Quarterly, and, in due time, became a 
licentiate, and ultimately an ordained minister of the 
gospel. 

After a short ministry at Danbury, Conn., and Warren, 
Mass., he was settled as pastor at Brattleboro, Vt., where 
he remained seven years. Removing to Melrose, Mass., in 
September, 1860, and finding the climate of the New Eng- 
land sea coast prejudicial to the health of his wife, he ac^ 
cepted a call, at the close of a year, to a pastorate at Shell- 
burne Falls, Mass., which continued six years. In Octo- 
ber, 1867, he accepted an invitation to the charge of a par- 
ish at La Crosse, Wis., whence, after a ministry of four 
years, in October, 1871, he removed to New Orleans. The 
parishes which he has hitherto served have been in fellow- 
ship -with the, Universalist branch of the Liberal Christian 
Chiu'ch ; and he has, thus far, been very acceptable as well 
as useful in his ministrations. The society over which he 
now presides, and which was very large under the ministry 
of the late Rev. Dr. Clapp, (but which declined after the 
war,) has taken a new start, and seems likely, under its 
new auspices to recover much of its foiiner strength and 
influence. 

Mr. Deere, like Dr. Clapp, is an extemporaneous preacher, 
and never writes a discoui'se before its delivery. His mind 
is clear, orderly, and didactic, and his manner serious and 
impressive without rhetorical display. His conversational 
powers are considerable, and whenever he appears in 
social circles with his intellectual and accomplished wife, 
he throws a certain charm over them. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CDTY ILLUSTBATED. 




'HI 






lllliliif& 



JEWELL'S CRECENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



135 



COLONEL ISAAC G. SEYMOUR. 



In no other city in the United States, perhaps we might 
say in no other city in the world, have there been so many 
journalist soldiers as in New Orleans. Peter K. Wagner, so 
long editor of the Louisiana " Cornier," and the recognized 
champion of the Democratic party of the State, was a lieu- 
tenant in the ai-my with which Jackson defended New Or- 
leans. John C. Larue of the " Delta," subsequently of the 
" Crescent," who was, in his day, among the ablest as an 
editor, as a jurist, and as a politician, served as a volunteer 
in the ranks of General Taylor's army, on the Rio Grande. 
General "William Walker, the celebrated fllibustero, who 
made his name famous, as a desperate fighter in Nicaragua, 
was a colleague of Larue on the " Crescent." Alexander 
Hays, the most capable practical newspaper man we have 
ever had in New Orleans, who was one of the founders of 
the " Delta," and one of those who established the " Cres- 
cent," sought dangerous adventures, during the Mexican 
war, as an amateur, under his friends, Captains Fairchild 
and Kerr, typos from New Orleans, who held commissions 
in the Louisiana cavalry. George Willdns Kendall of the 
" Picayune," was one of the Texan band who undertook the 
main expedition, for the invasion of Mexico, the misfortunes 
of which are the themes of a melancholy history written by 
him, and, during the Mexican war with the United States, 
while corresponding with his paper, he was on the staff of 
General Worth, sharing the dangers and hardships of that 
enterprising and gallant officer. F. A. Lumsden, the asso- 
ciate of Kendall on the " Picayune," was, during the early 
period of that war, attached to the Texas Rangers, and was 
with them when they rendered themselves famous in the 
attack upon Monterey. In the civil war we had, in the 
Confederate army, J. O. Nixon, proprietor of the " Cres- 
cent," as Lieutenant-Colonel of the First Louisiana Cavalry ; 
Israel Gibons, an attache of the " Crescent," who served as 
a private, in the Nineteenth Louisiana, until physical dis- 
abilities incapacitated him for service in the line, and he 
was appointed quarter-master, with the rank of major ; 
Lieutenant Wright of the " Bee," an officer of the Thirtieth 
Louisiana, killed in battle ; Joseph Hanlon, of the " True 
Delta," who from captain rose to the command of the Sixth 
Louisiana, three of its colonels having been killed instantly, 
upon different battle-fields ; Daniel Scully of the " Delta," 
and " True Delta," who, as correspondent of the " Pica- 
yune," saw service on the staff of General Joe Lane, the 
" Marion of the Mexican war," and, in the late war^ was 
senior line officer of the Second Louisiana Batallion of 
Heavy Artillery ; and Major William J. Seymour, son of 
the subject of this notice, and associate editor of the " Bul- 
letin," who was Aid-de-Camp to General Duncan, during his 
defence of Fort Jackson, against Farragut's fleet, and, sub- 
sequently, until the close of the war, was on duty, as chief 
of staff, with the indomitable brigade of Louisanians, com- 
manded by General Henry T. Hays. 

Isaac G. Seymour, of whom we are writing, as one of 
those who dropped the pen, and buckled on the sabre or 
shouldered the musket, at the call of duty, was a man whose 
life and services deserve more than a passing notice. His 



family was a branch of that Connecticut stock of Seymours 
who have been so eminent for virtues and for talents, and, 
as publicists, have been so conspicuous for the courage and 
force with which they have maintained and constantly ad- 
hered to the great principles of constitutional liberty. He 
was born in Savannah, Georgia, in October, 1804, He grad- 
uated, creditably, at Yale College, and, soon after, estab- 
lished himself, as an advocate, at Macon, Ga. His practice 
gave early jpromise of an ample income, but he found the 
profession distasteful and abandoned it for journalism, when 
he became editor of the Macon " Messenger," which, while 
he was connected with it, was regarded as the organ of the 
whig party of the State. Civic honors came upon him too. 
For seveial successive terms, embracing a period of six 
years, he was chosen mayor, by his fellow citizens of Ma- 
con. 

His advent, as a soldier, was made in the war with the 
Seminole Indians in Florida, in 1836, when he raised a com- 
pany of Georgia Volunteers. He was favorably noticed by 
General Clinch and by General Scott, under both of whom, 
successively, he served. General Scott, particularly, seems 
to have been impressed with the martial aptitude and con- 
duct of the captain, for the General repeatedly offered his 
influence to procirre a commission for him in the regular 
army, which was declined because of the inertia "and mono- 
tony of military life in time of peace. The Mexican war, 
however, which commenced in May, 1846, brought him to 
the " tented field" again. He organized a battallion of in- 
fantry in his native State, and was selected for its colonel. 
Shortly after the capture of Vera Cruz he reported for duty 
to his former commander-in-chief, General Scott. Cerro 
Gordo fought and won, La Hoya abandoned, Puebla fell, 
and a few months after our forces made their way into the 
City of Mexico. General Scott showed his appreciation of 
Colonel Seymour's ability, judgment and courage, by con- 
fiding to him the command of the town and castle of Peroto, 
one of the most important posts on the line of communica- 
tion from the capital to the American base at the Gulf. In 
command of that post he remained until the close of the 
war, in the summer of 1848, when he returned to Georgia, 
where his battallion was mustered out of service, and again 
he retui-ned to private life. 

In the autumn of that year he removed to New Orleans, 
to make it his permanent residence, and immediately pur- 
chased the " Bulletin" newspaper from Mr. William L. 
Hodge. Under Mr. Hodge the " Bulletin" had been a zeal- 
ous propagandist of those extreme measures which were 
forced upon the whig party, by Northern and Eastern cupi- 
dity, and which compelled the abandonment of the National 
organization of that party by so many Southerners. Colo- 
nel Seymour brought the paper back to what it had been, 
under the control of William Carey Jones, son-in-law of 
Thomas H. Benton, and the immediate predecessor of Mr. 
Hodge. Thus Colonel Seymour made it the acceptable re- 
presentative of the ideas and interests of the agricultui'al, ao 
well as the mercantile communities ot the State, and speed- 
ily it became a journal respected by, and popular with, all 
classes. 

Associated all his life with a party tinged more or less. 



136 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



according to place and occasion, with ideas antagonistic to 
the sovereignty of the States ; circumspect in all things 
and especially in politics, and slow, therefore, to venture 
upon exi^eriments, in public affairs, it can well be imagined 
that he thought long and thought deeply upon the election 
of a sectional man to the j)residency, and upon all those is- 
sues which resulted in our civil war. His judgment was 
that the election of Mr. Lincoln left no honorable recourse 
to his native South but secession, and, if invaded, resist- 
ance. That judgment formed, thenceforth, with pen and with 
sword he maintained the cause of the Confederate States. 

In 1861, when hostilities began, he was nearly fifty-seven 
years of age. He had reached a time of life when most men 
long for retirement and ease, but with him as with the illus- 
trious Lee, duty was paramoimt. His reputation as a sol- 
dier induced the line officers of the Sixth Louisiana Regi- 
ment of Infantry to tender to him, unanimously, the com- 
mand of the battallion, and it was instantly accepted. With 
his regiment, he was at the first battle of Manassas, and, 
during the retreat of General Joe Johnston upon Rich- 
mond, to him was assigned the honor of commanding the 
rear guard. He was with the heroic- Jackson throughout 
that splendid campaign, in the Valley of Virginia, against 
Banks, Fremont, Shields and Milroy. He was engaged in 
the attacks upon McClelland's right, before Richmond, on 
the 26th and 27th June, 1862, and was instantly killed, on 
the last mentioned day, at the battle of Gaines Mill being 
the 2d days fight in the battles before Richmond — hav- 
ing been pierced by two minnie balls. 

The reader will readily infer the esteem in which this ad- 
mirable representative of Southern character was held. 
With professional talents as a journalist he had discreetness 
and a remarkably sound judgment. He was not more re- 
markable for these qualities than for the firmness and vigor 
with which he guarded the columns of his paper against 
wrong, or misrepresentation, and against every unseem- 
liness that might give offence to the most fastiduous of well- 
bred people. As a soldier he was loved by his rank and file, 
as well as by his subordinate officers. 

His latest command, composed of men of invincible 
bravery, demanded a high standard of courage in their 
leader. They regarded him as up to that standard, and 
loved and respected him accordingly. When not in active 
service, abounding animal spirits often made them mischiev- 
ous and sometimes disorderly, but he never faUcd to en- 
force strict discipline when the good of the service demand- 
ed it. And that discipline was submitted to, without com- 
plaint. He demonstrated that volunteers, though prone to 
turbulence, as they often are, may be made equal to the 
best of soldiers when they see in their commander an officer 
without partialities, who never allows his men to be im- 
posed upon, and who follows the advice of Luttrell of Arran 
to his son : " When perils are to be encountered never say 
go, always say come." 

In no case was the conduct of General Butler more offen- 
sive to the people of New Orleans than when he suppressed 
the publication of the " Bulletin," confiscated the materials 
of the office, andturned them over to a pau- of adventurers 
who had followed him. The paper was, at the time, con- 



ducted by Maj . Wm. J. Seymour, a pardQned prisoner await- 
ing exchange, and Mr. J. C. Dinnies, the commercial editor. 

Both these gentlemen, Mr. Dinnies well advanced in 
years, were sent to Fort Jackson, where the latter was sub- 
jected to severe treatment for many months, and where the 
former remained a close prisoner until he was exchanged. 
It is imputed to General Butler, and not without reasonable 
grounds for belief, that his object was to secirre to his fol- 
lowers to whom he gave the " Bulletin" office, the profits of 
a contract which the paper had as city printer. 

Subjoined is an extract from an editorial notice of the 
death of Colonel Seymour, in the " Bulletin," written by 
Mr. Dinnies, which extract was quoted by General Butler, 
as justifying his proceedings. It simply did justice to the 
character and the fame of Isaac G. Seymour, and we re- 
produce it to aid us in illustrating the nobility of his nature: 

" Others who have done their duty to their country as 
nobly, disinterestedly and bravely, were impelled by the ar- 
dour of youth and the stimulus of ambition, as well as by 
the dictates of patriotism. But with him, who had outlived 
the fires of youth, and was superior to mere aspirations for 
fame, the motive that carried him to the field was simply 
Duty. It was Duty that led him to accept the command 
of his regiment. It was Duty that governed him in camp, 
in giving, his men those lessons in the soldiers' science, 
which fitted them to fulfill the various requirements of the 
service with intelligence and efficiency. It was Duty that 
kept him at his post, under all discouragements. It was 
Duty that inspired him in his intrepid charge at Port Re- 
public. It was Duty that placed him in the front of danger 
at the battle of the Chickahominy ; and, m fine, it was oh 
the altar of Duty that he offered up his life." 

Carkolton, a distance of six mUes by the railroad, is an 
exceedingly pleasant resort. The line, for nearly a third 
of the way, passes through the suburbs of the city, and is 
dotted on either side with beautiful residences — the re- 
mainder passes through pleasant pastures, and delightful 
wood-lands. The road, like the country, is perfectly level 
shelled and kept in the finest condition. At the end of the 
route is situated the village; which is principally com- 
posed of tastefully built cottages, constructed in every 
variety of architecture that suited the individual fancy of 
the owner. Opposite the railroad depot, is one of the 
handsomest and most extensive public gardens, that is to 
be found in the vicinity of New Orleans. Here the genial 
and warm hearted Daniel Hickok presides with that ease 
and air of hospitality that have made him so popular and 
so widely known. He delights in showing the rare floui-s 
of his beautiful garden to the many strangers who visit 
him — and it is always his aim to please those who resort 
to the Carrolton Gardens for recreation and amusement. 

At the commencement of the holydays, the city begins to 
put on a gay aspect. Visitors from all parts of the habita- 
ble globe, come here, either on biisiness or pleasure. A 
general round of balls, masquerades, soirees and parties be- 
gin, and are contuiued without intermission during the sea- 
son. Theatres and operas with their stars and prima dotv- 
nas, cu'cuses and menageries, bell-ringers and serenaders, 
are in full success. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



BANK OF AMERICA. 




mi^m\m&0%mi 



©fflpiol, $ iff , iff, 



^ ■» 



— o— 



AM. FO(kTIE(R, (president, 

J. E. (PASCAL, Cashier. 



— o — 

Am. Fortier, 

C. J. Leeds, 

J. J. Fernandez, 
J. 1. Adams, 

J. Scherck, 

(D. (Bouligny, 
W. (B. Schmidt, 

©. Fatjo, 

F. W. Tilton, 
M. (Puig, 

Ant. Giraud, 

Gus. Miltenberger, 
A. C. Hutchinson. 



€oraer of Caial Street aid ExeliaEge Alley. 



This well-laiown and excellent Banking Institution ' 
located in the fine biiilding fronting on Canal street, and 
of which an engi-aving is given above, the rear of the 
premises (which belong to the Bank) being occupied by ■ ■!• 
wholesale wine and liquor store of Messrs. Cavaroc & Son. 
The Bank of America was established in 1857, with a cap- 
ital of half a million of dollars and was originally loca- 
ted in one of the Pontalba Buildings on the corner of St. 
Peter and Old Levee streets, and where the People's Bank 
now stands. Mr. W. G. Hewes, an old and highly-esteemed 
merchant of New Orleans, was its first President. Mr. 



Amilcar Fortier, the present very able and popular Presi- 
dent of the Bank, receiving the appointment of cashier. 
Upon the death of Mr. Hewes in 1862, the Presidency of 
the Bank was successively held by Messrs. Wm. Whann 
and Charles Cavaroc, when, upon the resignation of the last- 
named gentleman in 1866, the ofiice was unanimously ten- 
dered to the present incumbent. Mr. J. E. Pascal, the 
present Cashier of the bank of America, is also a native 
Louisianian, and is held in very high esteem by all those 
who have been in contact with him either officially or 
personally. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED 



139 




MAYOR JOHN T. MONROE. 



The capture of New Orleans in April 1862, by FarragTit 
and Butler, brought the name of Mayor Monroe before the 
country, and the people, both of the United States and the 
then Confederate States. Nor was this prominency con- 
fined to the belligerent powers. It pervaded all British 
journalism, and even made its way into Parliament. Mayor 
Monroe's refusal to surrender the city, although under the 
guns of the Federal fleet, his subsequent refusal to lower 
the Confederate flag floating from the City Hall after the 
enemy was in fvill possession, resulted in his deposition 
from the Mayoralty (when near the expiration of his term) 
by General Butler, and his incarceration in Fort St. 
Philip, and afterward in Fort Pickens. Refusing to 
take the new oath of allegiance imposed by the Federal 
Government he endured, until the summer of the succeeding 
year, all the rigors of prison life, consigned at one time to 
solitary confinement and doomed at another time to wear 
ball and chain. Regarded at last as one possessed of a 
spirit untameable by any process loiown to jailoi'S, he was 
released on condition that he should immediately go within 
the lines of the Confederates. This he did, going first to 
Mobile and from thence to Richmond, where he was re- 
ceived by Mr. Davis with unusual cordiality and finally 
fixing his residence in the former city, where he was when 
captured by General Canby. Retiu'ning to New Orleans 
after the close of the war, Mr. Monroe was arrested and 
kept under surveillanee for saveral months. No reason 
was assigned by the Federal Provost Marshal for his extras 
ordinary proceeding. Shortly after the reorganization of 
Louisiana under what is commonly known as the Johnso- 
nian policy, Mr. Monroe was re-elected Mayor of New 
Orleans. He took his .-^eat in March 1866, and was deposed 
by General Sheridan under the Reconstruction Act of 
Congress, the pretext being complicity in the celebrated 
riot of the 30th of July of the same year. 



The second deposition of Mayor Monroe took place in 
March 1867, after much ex parte testimony taken against 
him at the instance of General Sheridan. This act was 
followed by the appointment of a Radical Mayor, and an 
Americo-African Common Council, the genesis of the hu- 
miliation and misrule which has since befallen Louisiana. 
In April following, Mr. Monroe visited Washington and 
and was Idndly and sympathetically received by President 
Johnson and Attorney-General Stanbury. Nor did he 
leave the capital until his restoration was clearly intimated 
and the removal of General Sheridan made certain. There 
can be no doubt that the deposed Mayor would again have 
been seated but for the second batch of Reconstruc- 
tion measui-es which overthrew the opinion of the Attor- 
ney-General defining and limiting the provisions of the 
first Act. 

John T. Monroe, a blood relation of President Mon- 
roe, was born in Dinwiddle County, Va., and was car- 
ried to Missouri when quite young. His father, Daniel 
Monroe, represented at an early period the latter State in 
Congress. Coming to New Orleans before his majority, 
the future Mayor learned the business of a stevedore, 
which made him familiar with the men who form and con- 
trol what is popularly known as the " masses." Over the 
working classes he possessed a power which was not broken 
at any time. He was of the people and with the people, 
and they looked upon him as their representative and 
champion. They made him an Assistant-Alderman and 
the lower Board seated him as its President. He served 
as Assistant-Recorder and was twice elected Mayor. His 
mind was eminently practical, his integrity unquestiona- 
ble, and his proverbial fearlessness, the sequence of the 
practicability and integrity of character. He knew men 
so well that it was difficult to impose upon him, and he 
discharged his duties with a conscientiousness which made 
him disregard clamor or criticism. Mr. Monroe removed 
to Savannah, Ga., and died there in February 1871, when 
about forty-eight years of age. The rigors of imprison- 
ment and of oHicial vicissitudes told severely upon him. 
He looked old while yet in his prime of yeai's. He had 
ascended the Masonic ladder to its topmost round, and 
hence was buried in Savannah with distinguished Masonic 
honors. The year succeeding his death his remains were 
brought to New Orleans, where they were deposited in the 
family tomb by his Masonic brethren beside the body of 
his favorite son. When this son lay upon his deathbed, 
the father was a prisoner in Fort St. Philip. General 
Butler sent word that if the Mayor would take the new 
oath of allegiance he might come to the city and see his 
djdng child. The off'er was promptly and firmly declined, 
and father and son never met in life. Of such Roman 
mettle was the subject of this brief biogi'aphical sketch. 



Douglas Square. — This is bounded by Washington, St. 
George, Second and Freret streets, and was inclosed inl864. 
It is notable for an irregular and luxuriant growth of 
indigenous and tropical trees, shrubs, flowers and grasses, 
and for its numerous birds of bright plumage. 



140 



■JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



HON. J. S. WHITAKER. 



This prominent jurist and lawyer was born at New Bed- 
ford, Mass., March 8, 1817. While he was yet a chUd, his 
father, Rev. Jonathan Whitaker, removed with hLs family 
to South Carolina, where he united the duties of a clergy- 
man with those of an instructor of youth. A graduate of 
old Harvard, a ripe scholar, and enthusiastically devoted to 
the training of the youthful mind, he presided over the edu- 
cation of his son and fitted him, at an early age, for entrance 
into coUege. Judge Whitaker, however became, without 
the advantages of a college course, the architect of his own 
fortunes, and few of our own citizens can claim to have been 
better educated. 

He pursued the study of law at Charleston S. C, in the 
office of James L. Petigru Esq. one of the most eminent 
members of the legal profession in South Carolina, and hav- 
ing in 1838 successfully passed the ordeal of an examina- 
tion before the Judges of the Supreme Court, received a 
license to practice in the Courts of law of that State as soon 
as he should attain the age of 21 years, which he had not 
then quite reached. In the mean time, and for a consider- 
able period after he came of age, he devoted himself to the 
occupation of a teacher of youth, taking charge, in the first 
instance, of "the South Carolina School" at Charleston, a 
richly endowed institution and one of much note, but which 
was subsequently superceded by the establishment 
of the "Charleston High School," a classical insti- 
tution, organized by the celebrated Mitchel King, a 
native of Scotland, on the plan of the Edinburgh High 
Schools. Mr. H. M. Burns, a fine scholar and teacher of 
long experience, was appointed to the first, and the subject 
of this notice to the second place in this school, being Latiu 
teacher. He held this position, a highly respectable and 
important one in such a city as Charleston, for a couple of 
years. 

Anxious now to enter on the profession of his choice, and 
the Charleston bar being crowded to repletion, with 
candidates for its honors and emoluments, he, in 1840, re- 
signed his position and came to New Orleans, and became 
a student in the office of the late Alfred Hannen, one of 
the oldest and most esteemed of our Civil Law Lawyers. 

Mr. John A. Shaw was then establishing the public 
school system in this city, and, among the first teachers of 
the new organization, we find the name of J. S. Whitaker 
enrolled. In the >-ear 1845 he was invited to take the 
position of English Professor in Manderville CoUege, 
in the Parish of St. Tammany, and subsequently became 
President of the Institution. Martin G. Penn, Judge of 
the 8th Judicial District Court, found him vegetating in 
this position, and advised him to return to the profession 
he had seemingly abandoned. On the 22nd of May, 1845, 
he was admitted, by the Supreme Coui-t, to the practice of 
the law in this State, Judge Martin being then Chief-Jus- 
tice. 

With few clients and little to encourage him, he was by 
good fortune elected Attorney of the then Third Munici- 
pality of New Orleans, and, after a tune, entered into part- 
nership with the late John C. Larue, an able Judge, an 



acute advocate, weU-versed in every branch of the law. 
This partnership continued for some years, and was a suc- 
cessful one. On the death of his partner, Mr. Whitaker 
remained for many months, laboring in his profession, sin- 
gle handed; but eventually took as a partner, a former 
student ia his office, J. Q. A. Fellows, Esq., who remained 
with him till his appointment in 1862, to the position of 
Judge of the 2nd District Court of New Orleans. Mr. 
Whitaker was the first Judge appointed by the military 
Governor, General Shepley, after the occupation of the 
city. While filling this position, he received from the Gov- 
ernor, a commission as Associate Justice of the Supreme 
Court, but declined the honor, being unwilUng to accept 
such position under Judge Peabody, then Judge of the 
U. S. Provisional Court, and holding at the same time, a 
commission as Chief Judge of the Supreme Court. 

In 1864, Judge Whitaker resigned the office he held, 
and was subsequently appointed Chief Justice of the Su- 
preme Coui-t, by Governor Hahn, but was not confirmed by 
the Senate. 

From the middle of April to July, 1 864, he was employed 
by the then proprietors of the "Times " newspaper to write 
the leading editorials of that paper. The State Convention 
was then in session, and these articles had, it is said, a sa- 
lutary influence upon their deliberations. 

We find Judge Whittaker, about this time, again ac- 
tively engaged in his profession, taking little part in pol- 
itics, but known to be Republican in his principles, and a 
supporter of the administration. 

The Degree of Master of Arts, recently conferred on him 
by Dartmouth College, (fotmded by his Grandfather) evinces 
the consideration which is entertained for his scholarship. 
We may add that no gentleman has taken a deeper inter- 
est in the caiise of popialar education than Judge Whita- 
ker. He was, for several years, one of the most active as 
well as the most popular Directors of the Public Schools in 
this city. 

During the late war. Judge W. was an outspoken Union 
man, though on all occasions afi'ording such assistance as 
was in his power, to the citizens of his adopted state. Ho 
was, in 1864, solicited by many influential citizens, to be- 
come candidate for the office of Governor of Jhe State, but 
declined. 

It is said, by his friends, and intimates, that his talents 
are eminently judicial, and he is held ia high repute as a 
eoimsellor and advocate. Many important cases are in- 
trusted to his management. The habits of industry, which 
he acquired in youth, stiU adhere to him in mature life. 
He is very social and hospitable, and, when he entertains 
his friends, displays all the qualities of the urbane host, 
and abandon and buoyancy of the learned jui-ist enjoying 
a holiday. 

His passion for gardening, flowers and trees, planted, 
trimmed and cultivated with his own hands, is evinced in 
the spacious and Eden-like grounds that encompass his 
fine residence on Carondalet street, the interior of which 
exhibits, in a rich and costly library, his taste for letters, 
and in all its domestic accompaniments and appointments 
his fondness for comfort and elegance. 



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JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



143 



THE SAINT LOUIS HOTEL. 



Thirty-seven years ago, the spot where now stands the 
Saint Louis was selected for the purpose of building a 
hotel, on a scale commensurate with the growing import- 
ance of New Orleans. At that time the only hotels in the 
city were the Stranger's Hotel, kept by Marty, and the 
Orleans Hotel, kept by the beautiful Mrs. Page, both houses 
being still used for the same purpose on Chartres street. 
The space now occupied by the St. Louis Hotel and the 
surrounding structures, was, thirty-seven years ago, a con- 
glomeration of stores, shops, and private dwellings. On 
the side fronting St. Louis street, where the rotunda now 
stands, was the residence and pharmacy of Mr. Germain 
Ducatel, flanked by the residences anl offices of Dr. Fabre 
Fourciszy, a collecting agent and broker ; Antoine Abat, 
the well-known capitalist and banker ; Leroy, an individ- 
i\al so named because he sold the then celebrated patent 
medicine known as Leroy's specific ; a barber's saloon, and 
a cooper's shop. An importer of foreign goods named Bel- 
la^iger, occupied the corner of Royal and St. Louis streets, 
while at the corner of Chartres and St. Louis streets stood 
Hewlett's Exchange, consisting of a coffee house and auc- 
tion mart, with billiard tables and a " cock pit " in the 
roar. On the opposite of Chartres street were the original 
ice house (La Grlaciere), now located on Bienville street, 
and the residence of Judah Touro. On Royal street, going 
towards Toulouse, were the well-known stores of Larue 
and Seignouret. On the northeast corner of Royal and St. 
Louis stood the drug store of Grand Champs, now kept by 
Dr. DeCasteluan, which enjoys the distinction of being the 
oldest establishment of the kind in the city, having pre- 
served its well-earned reputation for over sixty years. Di- 
agonally across the street was, above, the residence of Mr. 
Le Carpentier, th« grandfather of Paul Morphy, the great 
chess player, and underneath was the dwelling of Mr. 
Brumage. Over the way, at the northwest corner, stood 
the fashionable jewelry store of Hyde & Goodrich, which 
still maintains its place in the front rank under its title of 
A. B. Griswold, on the corner of Canal and Royal streets. 
Among the well known citizens residing around the hotel 
were D. Ambrosio, Lucien Cai'ri6re, Mioton and Girod, 
the first Mayor of New Orleans, and the founder of the 
Girod Asylum, who kept an importer's store on the north- 
west corner of St. Louis and Chartres streets. The Im- 
provement Bank, by whom the old St. Louis Hotel was 
built, was presided over by Judge Jean Francois Canonge, 
and numbered the late Pierre Soul6 among its directors. 
The edifice was commenced by Mr. Depouilly, a distin- 
guished architect still living; in 1836, and at about the 
same time the stately building in the rear of the hotel on 
Toulouse street, subsequently occupied for many years by 
i the Citizen's Bank, was also erected by the Improvement 
Bank for its own use. The total cost of the hotel, and the 
annexed buildings, was nearly a million and a half of dol- 
lars. It was at first contemplated to take up the entire 
block, but the commercial crisis of 18-37 interfered with the 
plan, and in 18-1:1 the whole structure, which was even 
more stately than the present one, was accidentally des- 
troyed by fire. The oresent edifice soon rose from the 



ashes of its predecessor, and iinder the sldlful management 
of the well known James Hewlett, the St. Louis Hotel be- 
came the most celebrated house of entertainment in the 
South. One of the most pleasing reminiscences of the 
palmy days of the St. Louis Hotel is the annual series of 
" Bals de Soci6t6," or Subscription Balls, that took place 
every Winter in its magnificent ball i-oom, tlii-ii fronting 
St. Louis street. Nowhere else could a liettci- idoa of 
Creole beauty and elegance be realized .so well as in those 
delightful gatherings, in which none but the rei)resenta- 
tives of the most refined circles of our city were invited to 
participate, although a generous welcome was also given to 
visitors from the other States, and to distinguished for- 
eigners. Some of the most pleasing recollections of former 
days are identified with the gay scenes of whii;h the St. 
Louis ball room was the theatre between twenty and thirty 
years ago. Particularly vivid among the survivors of that 
period is the remembrance of a magnificent " Bal Traveste" 
given in the Winter of 1842 — ^"43, and above all of the 
splendid entertainment gotten up the same Wintt-i- in 
honor of Henry Clay's visit, by his New Orleans friinds 
and admirers. The subscription price was one hundred 
dollars, and there were two hundred subscribers — the ball 
and supper costing twenty thousand dollars, an enormous 
a nm for that period. Over six hundred ladies and gentle- 
men sat down to a feast of regal magnificence in the 
spacious dining hall of the hotel where the famed orchestra 
of the French Opera discoursed sweet music, and a most 
felicitous and graceful tribute was paid by the " old man 
eloquent " to the ladies of New Orleans, " beautiful, accom- 
plished, and patriotic." This was the only time the De- 
mosthenes of the American Senate ever spoke in public in 
Louisiana. Mr. Mioton, the present able and popular 
manager of the St. Louis Hotel, has just inaugurated a 
series of subscription balls, under the patronage and direc- 
tion of the ladies of this city, which, judging from the suc- 
cess with which the first one was attended cannot fail to 
revive the pristine terpsichorean glories of the house. The 
Convention of 1843 to form a new State Constitution, and 
which embraced almost every man of talent and influence 
in Louisiana, such as John R. Grymes, Soul6, Roselius, 
Mazureau, Roman, Downs, Conrad, Marigny, Brent, Eustis, 
and other distinguished men was held in the old St. Louis 
ball room. 

The St. Louis Exchange, under the management of the 
universally popular Alvarez, and his genial assistant, San- 
tini, was, for a long period, the favorite resort of all the 
leading politicians, planters, and merchants of the city and 
State. From twelve o'clock, meridian, till three in the 
afternoon the splendid rotunda was occupied by the auc- 
tioneers, whose resounding appeals in the English, French,, 
and Spanish languages made it a modem counterpart of 
the Tower of Babel. This rotiuida, with its beautiful fres- 
coes (now used as a restaurant, attached to the hotel.) 
served the purposes of a Chamber of Commerce, Board of 
Brokers, and Cotton Exchange. Meetings for political, 
charitable, or patriotic purposes were frequently held there, 
as were also the Conventions of the Old Whig and Demo- 
cratic parties. 



144 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



More than a year ago, Mr. E. F. Mioton, aided by a few 
other enterprisiBg and public spirited citizens of the Sec- 
ond and Third Districts of New Orleans, succeeded, after 
much labor and trouble, in organizing a joint stock com- 
pany for the purpose of pui'chasing, renovating, and re- 
opening of the St. Louis Hotel on a scale consummate with 
the present wants of the community. Of the association 
Mr. Mioton was made the President, and Messrs. A. Chaf- 
fraix, Charles Cavaroc, M. Puig, Charles Lafitte, and A. 
Rochereau, were elected directors. The remodelling and 
improvements of the building were made by Mr. A. Suari, 
architect, under the supervision of Mr. L. U. Pili6, late 
City Surveyor. A magnificent verandah, new in pattern, 
elegant and unique in design and consisting of a series of 
arches supported by a colonade of Corinthian pilasters 
ornamented in the highest style of art now surrounds the 
building on every side, with the exception of the grand en- 
trance on St. Louis street, where the fine marble perystile 
is covered with a terrace or balcony, above which a superb 
illuminated clock has been placed. The entire verandah 
is lighted at night by a great number of beautifully orna- 
mented lamps, and the whole structure now presents a 
most beautiful and imposing appearance. Elaborate as 
the improvement has been in the outside, equal labor and 
skill has been brought into requisition inside to render the 
hotel one of the most commodious and comfortable in the 
world. There are 237 sleeping rooms besides the offices, 
parlors, drawing and reception rooms, dining halls and 
parlor suits on the first floor, affording ample accommoda- 
tion for five or six hundred guests. The papering, carpet- 
ing, and ftu-nishing of these rooms and parlors is of the 
best modern style and pattern. The hotel is kept on the 
European and American style combined, there being a 
restaurant where meals are furnished to the guests of the 
hotel as well as to the public generally, at fixed prices, and 
a magnificent dining room for the exclusive use of the 
boarders who prefer to live in the American style. This 
dining room, which is bi'illiantly lighted by eleven splendid 
chandeliers, is also used as a ball room in connection with 
the spacious and magnificently fui'nished parlor on Royal 
street. The hotel kitchen is 40 feet by 60, is probably the 
largest and best appointed in America ; the ranges, cook- 
ing, and roasting apparatus, ovens, etc., being of the best 
and most modem patterns, and the arrangements for venti- 
lation, and the removal of every offensive smell being alto- 
gether perfect. On the Chartres street side are numerous 
parlors, reception rooms, a nursery, dining room, a gentle- 
men's reading and smoking room, with a small bar and 
lunch room attached. There are thirty bath rooms in the 
main building, and it is contemplated to convei't the old 
Bank building, on Toulouse street, into a Roman aquarium, 
or swimming bath. 

The hotel is divided by iron sliding doors into three dis- 
tinct fire-proof compartments, and the iron tanks on the 
top of the building contain 30,000 gallons of water, so that 
in case of a fire, the means of putting it out would be 
instantaneous. One of the most pleasing features of the 
St. Louis is the fact that owing to the great space covered 
bv the building, the bed rooms are either on the first or sce- 



ond floor, thereby saving the fatigue and inconvenience of 
going up a great many flights of steps. 

The hotel is now under the management of Mr. E. F. 
Mioton, the energetic President of the St. Louis Hotel 
Association, aided by able and courteous assistants ; and 
since he took charge of the house it has become a favoiite 
and fashionable resort for the planters and their families, 
as well as for that already large and daily enlarging class 
of persons who prefer the comfort of a well kept hotel to 
the trouble and expense of house-keeping. 



REV. WILLIAM T. LEACOCK, D. D 



This eminent divine was born at Barbadoes, A. D. 
1 800, commencing life with the day dawn of the present 
eventful century. He went to England in the year 1818, 
and I'eceived his education at the renowned University of 
Oxford. He was ordained in 1824, by the Right Rev. Dr. 
Howley, Lord Bishop of London. In 1825, he went to 
Jamaica, where, for the space of ten years, he labored as a 
popular and successful clergyman of the Protestant Episco- 
pal Church. In 1835, in consequence of the state of his 
health, which had been effected by the unpropitious cli- 
mate of the West Indies, he removed to the state of Ken- 
tucky in this country, and subsequently became Rector of 
Williamsport Church in Tennessee, in the diocese of the 
Reverend Bishop Otey. He thence removed to Natchez, 
Missisippi, and, in 1852, became Rector of Christ Church 
in this city, over which, in that capacity, he has since pre- 
sided. He is assisted by the very estimable, Rev. Campbell 
Fair. 

The family of Dr. Leacok, consists of his wife and three 
children, two daughters and one son. Rev. William Leacok, 
of the Diocese of California. He lost one son by yellow 
fever. 

The Rector of Christ Church is physically of large pro- 
portions and unusual height, reaching probably to fully six 
feet. His aspect is venerable and commanding, his man- 
ner fartherly, affectionate and guileless, his style logical, 
terse and suggestive. His sermons contain a happy 
combination of the intellectual and the pathetic, appealing, 
in adequate proportions, both to the head and to the heart. 
He is a man of large experience and shining virtues, whose 
influence is deeply felt in the circles in which he moves. 
As a clergyman, his principles are both liberal and evan- 
gelical. 



ANNUNCIATION SQUARE. — This is situated on the four 
squares bounded by Annunciation, Orange, Chippewa and 
Race streets. It is protected by a substantial iron fence, 
and has been otherwise partially improved. St. Michael's 
Church (Catholic) overlooks the square from the east. 
Fronting upon the square are several elegant residences 
surroTinded by choice varied and luxuriant shrubbery. At 
at cost of a few thousand dollars the square itself might be 
converted into a miniature forest if desirable. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




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JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



1-17 



REV. THEODORE CLAPP. 



Mi{. Cr.Ai'P was a native of the State of Massachusetts. 
He pursued his classical course at Yale College, and com- 
pleted his theological studies at Andover Seminary — an 
institution preeminently evangelical. Such was the type 
of his own theology, when, at an early age, he came into 
the Valley of the Mississippi, and commenced his clei'ical 
career under the auspices of the Presbytery of that State. 
Thence, upon the death of the Rev. Dr. Lamed, he came 
to this city, accepting a call from the First Presbyterian 
Church to become its pastor. 

It appears that in the year 1830, or thereabouts, an en- 
tire revolution took place in the views he entertained on 
religious docti-ines and discipline. These views assumed a 
particular shape, but no particular name. It was under- 
stood that he had become a liberal thinker on subjects of in- 
finite scope and moment, and, had he not, at the same time, 
possessed a logical mind, enriched with varied learning, 
his renunciation of one creed and adoption of another, 
would have been a matter of comparatively little conse- 
quence to the public, or to the great and most respectable 
Presbyterian body politic, with which he was associated. 
It was because he was " a master in Israel " — a controlling 
mind in the church, that a radical change in his opinions 
produced a profound sensation, which culminated in a 
serious rupture of that church, and finally led to the eiclu- 
sion of Mr. Clapp, and about one half of the congregation, 
composing his special friends and adherents, from its sacred 
precints and associations. 

At the very moment when the excluded dissentients from 
orthodoxy were " without a local habitation and even a 
name," the late Judah Touro, Esq., an afiiuent and liberal 
minded Israelite, who had purchased, singularly enough at 
sherifTs sale, the church which then stood at the comer of 
St. Charles and Gravier streets, gave the use of it for an 
unlimited period, or, which was the same thing, for ninety- 
nine years, to Mr. Clapp and his congregation, for a per- 
manent place of worship. 

It was a large and commodious edifice ; and the popu- 
larity and eloquence of Mr. Clapp were such, that it was 
soon filled with hearers, even to overflowing. Mr. Clapp 
was in the habit of renting out the pews himself, and the 
proceeds, thence arising, constituted his Income, which was 
not only adequate but large, even for a great and opulent 
city. He had the entire control of the society and its 
affairs, like a monarch in and over his own domain, and it 
was known, for a considerable time, only as Mr. Qapp's 
Society and Mr. Clapp's Church. Of the hundreds of in- 
dividuals who reached New Orleans on Saturday evenings, 
coming from various States scattered along the banks of 
the great Father of Waters, the majority, on Sunday morn- 
ing, would seek out and attend Mr. Clapp's church. Many 
would inquire, but nobody could infoixn them, with cer- 
tainty, what were the doctrines inculcated in Clapp's 
church. The truth is, he dwelt more on precepts and facts 
than doctrines, and, when he handled the latter, (which he 
seldom did) wished to have the whole field of theological 
speculation open before him, in order to select " here a little 



and there a little, line upon line and precept upon precept," 
as was suggested by his particular subject, the .special oc- 
casion, or the character of his audience, composed, it mightv 
be, of men of all creeds, for the time being. 

The divine authority of Revelartion, of Jesus, man's rela- 
tion to God, the universal Father, to the human race, in- 
dividually and socially considered, to life with its fleeting 
hours, to eternity with its countless ages, to duty in its 
multiplied fonns and extensive relations, these were his 
favorite themes, on which he dwelt with abounding power 
and touching fervor, now arresting attention by the force 
of his logic, anon opening the fountain of tears by his 
touching appeals, drawing his illustrations from the inspired 
volume, from the book of Nature, from human history, 
from the works of the poets and philosophers, and, more 
especially, from the course of events in his own day, of 
which heVas an acute observer, and always an indej)endent, 
^outspoken critic. 

In 1833, the legislature chartered Mr. Clapp's church, 
under the name of " the First Congregational Unitarian 
church in the city and parish of New Orleans." The cor- 
poration was to exist for twenty years, and had twenty 
corporators, viz: Samuel McCutchen; Jacob Baldwin; 
James McReynolds ; Richard Davidson ; Henry Babcock ; 
Peter Laidlaw ; John D. Bein ; Stephen Henderson ; 
Charles Lee ; P. S. Newton ; Wni. C. Bowers ; Henry 
Carleton ; James H. Leverich ; Wm. G. Hewes ; Isaac G. 
Pi'eston; Benj. Story; Henry Lockett; J. W. Lee; Joshua 
Baldwin ; Abijah Fisk. The act was approved February 
26, 1833. 

In 1851, the church building which the society had 
occupied twenty years, through the liberality of Mr. 
Touro, without cost, was burned in the conflagration 
which, at the same time, reduced to ashes the stately and 
magnificent St. Charles hotel, which stood in close prox- 
imity to it. Mr. Touro again came fonvard and gave Mr. 
Clapp another church, which he had purchased, and which 
was originally built for the Baptists. It was also situated 
on St. Charles street, a little below the present edifice, and 
served for the temporary accommodation of the society 
till a larger and more commodious church could be built. 
Mr. Clapp oflBciated in it four or five years. 

In 1853, the congregation resolved to build a church 
edifice, and to organize a society. A charter was drawn 
up for the purpose, but was never signed, adopted, or ap- 
proved, by the District Attorney, or recorded as the law 
requires. 

Samuel Bell, Henry D. Richardson, John D. Bien, H. S. 
Buckner, J. J. Day, A. M. Holbrook, Samuel Stewart, 
Isaac Bridge, John Leeds, Christian Roselius, Henry Ren- 
shaw, Lewis Soalles and Thomas A. Adams, were named as 
members in this inchoate charter. It purports to bear 
date March 17th, 1853. The title to the property bears 
date March 29th, 1853. 

The church referred to, which is one of the most ele- 
gant edifices of the kind in the city, was finished in 1855. 
There was no dedication. Mi\ Clapp was opposed- to it. 
He would never consent to have the society called by 
the name of any particular denomination. As indicative 



148 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



of the natiire of the organization, it was styled " Congre- 
gational or Independent." The edifice was called " the 
Church of the Messiah." 

Mr. Clapp officiated only a few months in the new 
edifice, in consequence of failing health ; but his congi-e- 
gation, greatly attached to him, on his retiring and remov- 
ing to Louisville, Kentucky, were in the habit of contribut- 
ing liberally to his support up to the time of his death, 
which occurred in 1867. On that occasion, the Rev. Dr. 
Elliott, of St. Louis, Missouri, then on a visit here, de- 
livered an appropriate and eloquent discourse, which was 
listened to with profound sensibility, by a thronged audi 
ence, composed of persons of all denominations, who hold 
the memory of the deceased in the highest esteem and ever 
veneration. 



THE OPERA HOUSE. 
• « 

Although its population was scarcely equal to fifty thou- 
sand inhabitants, during the greater part of that period. 
New Orleans enjoys the distinction of being the only city 
upon this continent which has supported, for more than 
half a century, a regular Opera Company. 

There were two French theatres, one in St. Peter street, 
and another in St. Philip street, near Royal, which were in 
operation from 1808 to 1811. At the latter period, Mr. John 
Davis, a French emigre from St. Domingo, built the Orleans 
theatre, on the square, now partly occupied by the First 
District Court, near the Catholic Cathedral, and the adjoin- 
ing court buildings, and engaged in Paris the first regular 
Opera Company that ever came into this country. The en- 
terprise pi:oved a highly successful one, and upon the death 
of Mr. John Davis the management of the theatre devolved 
upon his son, Mr. Piere Davis, (now residing in France), 
by whom it was most ably conducted during a period of 
over twenty-five years. It was under his management that 
those twin stars of the Parisian theatrical world, Mmes. 
Fanny Ellsler and Damoreau, were first seen and heard in 
this city, and that the great master-pieces of Rossini, Meyer- 
beer, Auber, Donizette, Herold, Mozart, Spontini and Me- 
hul became familiar as household words to the highly-re- 
fined audiences which crowded the small but elegant and 
comfortable Opera house, which, after the one originally 
erected by Mr. John Davis, had been bui-nt down, was re- 
built the next year. 

Mr. Varney, the author of " Le Chant des Girondiers," 
and afterwards leader of " Des BoufiFes Parisiens," the late 
Eugene Prevost, (whose sketch may be found in another 
part of this book), Mr. John, and since the war Mons. E. 
Calabresi, have successively wielded the bat07i of leader of 
the orchestra. 

In 1859, Mr. Chas. Boudousqui6, having some years be- 
fore succeeded Mr. Davis as manager of the Orleans theatre, 
the building was bought at the judicial sale of the estate of 
John McDonough by Mr. Parlange, who failed to agree with 
Mr. Boudousqui6 as to the lease of the theatre, whereupon 
a new company was formed, and the present splendid edi- 
fice on Bourbon street was built by Messrs. Gallier & Ester- 



brook, architects for the Opera House Association. 

It was upon the boards of this theatre that the charming 
Adelina Patti made her debut in Meyerbeer's " Pardon de 
Plcermel," on which occasion the writer of this sketch re- 
members with pardonable pride and pleasiu-e that he was 
among the few theatrical critics of the day who at once re- 
cognized and proclaimed her transcendent meiits as a vocal- 
ist and actress. . There, too, the dying notes of another 
gi'eat Italian artist, Madame Frezzolini, were heard just 
upon the eve of the great civil war, which, shortly after, led 
to the temporary suspension of all theatrical enterprises in 
New Orleans. 

On the return of peace, a French strolling company, under 
Mr. Marcelin Alhaiza, proving highly successful, a number 
of subscribers furnished him at the close. of the season with 
the means of engaging a complete dramatic and operatic 
company. The result was most unfornate, Mr. Marcelin 
Alhaiza having died on the eve of his company's departure 
from France, and the latter being shipwrecked and lost on 
the steamer in which they had taken passage from New 
York to this port. 

Mr. Paul Alhaiza, the brother of the deceased manager, 
collected a few artists who had remained here, and engaged 
some of the members of another strolling company whose 
performances at the old Orleans theatre had been brought 
to a close in 1867, by the b\irning of that edifice. In 1868, 
he attempted, in partnership with Mr. Calabresi, to revive 
the opera, but the attempt proving unsuccessful, a new Opera 
House Association was formed, composed of leading capital- 
ists and merchants of this city, by whom the opera house 
was purchased, and liberal provision was made for the en- 
gagement of a first-class opera company. Mr. E. Calabresi, 
was by them appointed manager and leader, at a very high 
salary, but although he succeeded in engaging two or three 
singers, of talent and reputation, such as Michot, Castehnary 
and Dumestre, most of the other artists brought over by 
him proved lamentaWy deficient, and after two seasons the 
members of the Opera House Association found themselves 
in debt after having expended the whole of theu- capital, 
and were therefore compelled to go into liquidation. 

This happened at the close of the season of 1871-2, when 
Mr. Placide Canonge — a distinguished creole journalist and 
playwright, who had already given evidence of his tact and 
good taste in the selection of a dramatic company for the 
old Orleans theatre, obtained quite late in the summer a 
lease of the Opera House for the winter of 1872-3. The 
dramatic coiiipany brought over by M. Canonge has proved 
eminently successful, Mmes. MUler, Beauvais, Protal and 
Goslin, and M. M. Molina, Ariste, Deschamps, Schaub, and 
Scipiore, the leading comic and dramatic actors, having 
proved very acceptable to the public. 

A strong efibrt is now being made by some of our leading 
citizens to form another Opera House Association, with the 
view of enabling Mr. Canonge to engage an Opera Company 
mostly of the past reputation of our lyrical stage^a task 
for which no one is better qualified than he is, and in which 
we most heartily wish him to succeed, as he can not fail to 
do if he is supported as he deserves to be by the " solid 
men " of his native city. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




EISIBIHOI OF 



^d m^ 



mMMa laa 



tjM'M&m^ 



^^ 



Corner of Esplanade and St. Claude Sts., Ne-w Orleans. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



151 



DAVID BIDWELL. 



In the theatrical woi'ld no name is more famUiar or bet- 
ter known than that of Mr. D. Biclwell. Recognized 
throughout the country as one of the most enterprising 
and successful managers of public entertainments of the 
present day, he lias achieved this reputation in a compara- 
tively short space of time. Embarking in life at an early 
age he was thrown upon his own resources and forced to 
carve out his own future. That his career in life so far has 
been eminently successful, is fullly established by his 
present influential and wealthy position. Mr. Bidwell was 
bora in the town of Stuyvesant, Columbia Co., N. Y., in 
the year 1821. He was educated at the Kinderhook Semi- 
nary, and, after leaving school, joined his father, Alex. 
Bidwell, who was at that time commander of a steamer on 
the Hudson River. After a term of service as clerk upon 
his father's boats, he became the proprietor of the Empire 
House, just in the rear of the Astor House, a place famous 
in the days of the Presidential Campaign of 1844, the year 
in which the noted Empire Club was organized and located 
at this place. In 184G, Mr. Bidwell came to New Orleans 
and engaged in business with his brother, Mr. H. Bidwell, 
as ship chandlers, under the style of H. Bidwell & Co. In 
1852 the partnership was dissolved, when Mr. David Bid- 
well became the proprietor of the Phoenix House. In 1853 
Mr. Bidwell took charge of the property now known as 
the "Academy of Music," and acted as agent for the pro- 
prietor in renting it to combination theatrical companies 
until 1856, when, in partnership with Spaulding & Rogers, 
he became the proprietor and manager of this theatre, and 
has continued to control and direct it until the present 
time, when he is the sole proprietor. 

Mr. Bidwell's theatrical associations have not been con- 
fined exclusively to New Orleans. In 1867 he organized 
and took charge of the American Chaii^ion Circus Com- 
pany and gave a series of performances in Europe, which 
created a great furore in the amusement circles of Paris. 
In connection with Dr. Spaulding, Mr. Bidwell also built 
the Olympic Theatre, in St. Louis, in 1867-8, and in 1869, 
with the same partners, he became interested in the New 
Memphis Theatre and the Mobile Theatre. Besides the 
present management of the "Academy of Music," Mr. Bid- 
well is the sole owner of the author's playwright of the 
Black Crook for a large portion of the country, and with 
one of the largest traveling combination companies ever 
organized, is making the tour of the United States, giving 
representations of this gorgeous spectacle. One secret of 
Mr. Bidwell's success is his thorough knowledge of the 
people of New Orleans and the peculiarities of their tastes, 
acquired by a long residence in their midst. Knowing 
their fancy he has always exerted himself to the utmost to 
please and gratify them. Money, time and labor have all 
been freely used to give eclat to every entertainment pre- 
pared by Mr. Bidwell for the citizens of New Ci-leans. 
That his efforts in this particular have been abundantly 
successful, is evidenced by the fact that he stands in the 
front rank of his profession, and is deemed the most suc- 
cessful theatrical manager in the country. AVhilst catering 



to the amusement-loving portion of the people, Mr. Bid- 
well is not unmindful of the general interests and welfare 
of the entire city. His contributions for public works and 
improvements, for railroads and other enterprises, are 
liberal and numerous. Having accumulated a fortune here, 
thoroughly identified with every interest of the city, it is 
quite natural and proper that he should feel a deep concern 
for the future prosperity of the Crescent City and contri- 
bute, all in his power, to aid in the good work of develop- 
ing its wonderful resources. In this respect he plays the 
part of a valuable and useful citizen, and as such com- 
mands the respect of the community of which he has been 
an exemplary member. 



JAMES BARRY PRICE, 



Was born in Pittsylvania County, Va., January 19th, 
1832. His ancestors were prominent in the Revolution, 
and from them were directly descended the late distin- 
guished soldiers and citizens. Generals Sterling and Thos. 
L. Price of Missouri. Among his not distant collateral 
relations were the late Admiral Barry. Mr. Price emi- 
grated with liis parents to Middle Tennessee at an early 
age. Few men dui-ing the last thirty years have been 
more prominent in the politics and business interests of 
that State than his father. Col. M. A. Price ; while on his 
mother's side he is connected with the Sanders, Caruthers, 
Cahal, Donelson and Gentry families, than which none have 
been more conspicuous in the public aflfarrs of Tennessee 
during the last two generations. Mr. Price has enjoyed 
all the advantages of wealth, education and travel, visiting 
all Europe, Egypt, Nubia, Arabia, Palestine, and the re- 
mote East as the compagnon de voyage of the late Lucius 
C. Duncan of New Orleans, and the distinguished and Hon. 
Edwin H. Ewing of Tennessee. His travels in America 
are probably more extended than those of any man in the 
States. He married and settled in St. Mary Parish in 1853, 
since which time he has been extensively engaged in agri- 
culture, commerce and transportation. In transportation 
of the mails by steamboat and stage coach he had been 
more extensively engaged than any man in the South. He 
was one of the few bold enterprising spirits who established 
the Great Overland Mail Line of Stages connecting St. 
Louis and Memphis with San Diego and San Francisco, 
which practically demonstrated the feasibility of the exist- 
ing and projected lines of travel and mail carriage across 
the Continent. Mr. Price has not confined himself to any 
specialty, but has taken a leading part in many enterprises 
with a large measure of success. During the war he and 
his partners, F. P. Lanyer and G. H. Giddiux, controlled 
nearly all the stage transportation in the Ti-ans-Mississippi 
Department, through which means incalculable service was 
rendered to the people and soldiers, thousands of whom 
were transported to and from their homes gratvutously. 
Mr. Price more than once was offered high military rank, 
by reason of greater usefulness in the Civil Service of the 
Confederacy he was kept employed therein, and throughout 



152 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



the war he enjoyed the confidence of the Confederate rulers 
to the fullest extent. Mr. Price is accredited, by many 
familiar with his record, as having contributed as much 
material aid to the Confederacy as any other man in the 
South, though he was originally opposed to Secession. At 
the close of the war he at once went to work to aid in re- 
storing the prostrate interests of Louisiana, especially in 
his own section, as the local papers abundantly testify. In 
1866, in connection with those well known merchants, T. 
D. Hine of St. Mary, and G. Tupper of Charleston, S. C, 
he established the commercial fii-m in New Orleans of Price, 
Hine & Tupper. In 1867 he. Gen. Horsey of Maine, 
Robert Hare, and T. M. Simmons, and others of New Or- 
leans, organized the Louisiana Petroleum and Mining Com- 
pany of Calcasieu Parish, of which Mr. Price was elected 
President. In 1868 he induced his kinsman. Gen. T. L. 
Price, and Chas. P. Chauteau of Missouri, to lease and work 
the Avery Salt Mine, the firm of Price, Hine & Tupper 
being agents of the same. In 1867 he was appointed by 
Gov. Wells Special Commissioner to the Paris Exposition, 
and he doubtless deserves a considerable share of credit for 
the distinction which Louisiana there enjoyed. These 
things are all mentioned here to indicate that the subject 
of this sketch is one of that active, bold, enterprising, and 
intelligent class of men who are required to revivify Lou- 
isiana, and whose acts would all be vitalizing and benefi- 
cial, whUe those of mere politicians only tend — as we know 
by sad experience — to impoverish, to enervate, and to de- 
stroy. In June, 1872, the above facts and traits of charac- 
ter seem to have impressed the public mind to such an 
extent that those representative of public opinion, most of 
the delegates of the Democratic and Refoim Conventions 
from the Third Congressional District of this State, paid 
him the remarkable compliment of inviting him to stand 
as an independent candidate to represent the District, say7 
ing, in their letter of invitation, substantially that his 
charancter for wisdom and intregity was all the declaration 
of principle required. His frank and manly letter of ac- 
ceptance elicited the most complimentary notice of the 
Press, one of which held the following language — " No 
man is better acquainted with the wants and necessities of 
Louisiana, of more capable of relieving the same and pro- 
moting her welfare. He is much loved by his old servants, 
and is highly esteemed by his numerous employ6s. He is 
a good citizen, a thorough gentleman, a kind neighbor, 
and a true friend. A golden future awaits him," etc., etc. 
From parental influence, liberal education, a large- 
hearted and broad-minded nature, with much travel and 
mixing with men, both in the old and new worlds, he is 
expanded in his feelings, liberal in his views, and thor- 
oughly Cosmopolitan in his tastes. He is free alike from 
bigotry and sectionalism, and religion, education and 
morals find in him a hearty promoter. 

In physique he is one of the best specimens of the 
Anglo-Saxon race, while a total abstinence throughout life, 
from beer, wine, spirits, and tobacco, and from any form of 
dissipation or gambling, has secui-ed to him the multiplied 
blessings which flow from a good constitution and perfect 
health. 



L. E. REYNOLDS, ESQ. 



None of our architects is better known, few or none are 
more highly esteemed, than Mr. Reynolds. A passion for 
drawing, a fondness for handling tools, and a readiness in 
the use of them, marked his childhood, and seemed to in- 
dicate the special and important purpose to which his sub- 
sequent life was devoted. The training and experience 
through which he passed from the humbler labors of a 
carpenter, till, in maturer life, he adopted the nobler and 
more exacting profession of an architect, colotributed to 
the gradual, but certain, development of powers essential 
to excellence in the Art of Design. 

L. E. Reynolds was born at Norwich, Chenango County, 
in the State of New York, on the 29th of February, 1816. 
At an early age he went to Cincinnati, then rapidly rising 
into importance among the cities of the West, regarding 
it, as he did, a favorable locality for the commencement of 
his labors. The carpenter's trade first engaged his atten- 
tion ; but with the practical part of it, into which he was 
soon inducted, he united the study of architecture as a 
'science — -a study which he pi'osecuted with unceasing dili- 
gence, until figure, form, harmony and j)roportion became 
familiar ideas with him. 

With a view to finish his education in the line of life he 
had adopted, he placed himself under the direction of dis- 
tinguished architects in Louisville, and subsequently in 
New York, with whom he remained several years, diligently 
pm'suing a prescribed course of study, and uniting the 
theory with the practice of the Art of Design as he had 
opportunity. He spent from ten. to fifteen years in this 
way, building and designing buildings, before he considered 
himself competent to enter on the duties of a professional 
architect. 

Having now become proficient as a draughtsman, and 
being inspired with a great love of his profession, as well 
for purposes of elnolument as fame, he determined to 
teach its principles to others as a public lecturer. In this 
capacity, as well as that of an architect actively engaged 
in his profession, he visited New York, Philadelphia, Balti- 
more, St. Louis, Washington and New Orleans, and hun- 
dieds of young men in these cities, after the labors of the 
day were over, gathering around him, received their first 
instructions in building, architectui'e and civil engineering. 
He taught them a new system of prospective, reconstructed 
and impi'oved many problems in carpentry and in cylindri- 
cal and conic sections. He invented five original methods of 
Hand-Railing, including all that have been of any practical 
use since the days of Peter Nicholson, and published a 
treatise on the subject accompanied with plates. The work 
is highly commended by skilled architects on both sides of 
the Atlantic, for the originality of its views and the beauty, 
of its geometrical figures. 

Mr. Reynolds paid his first visit to New Orleans in 1833, 
and came permanently to reside here ten years afterwards, 
viz : in 1843. Since that time he has pursued his profes- 
sion with exemplary diligence and signal success. The 
monuments of his skill as an architect are scattei-ed all 
around us. Many of the fine buildings that adorn the 
Third District were designed by Mr. Reynolds; and he 



JEWELL'S CBESOENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



MUTUAL NATIONAL BANK OF NEW ORLEANS. 



omcEns. 



(Paid Fourchy, 

I'retUlent. 

Albert ^Baldwin, 

Vice Pretidenl. 

Joseph Mitchel, 

Cashier. || 



-*lSo- 



IDIPIECXOPIS- 

(P. Maspero, 

John Q. Cobb, 
Adolph Meyer, 

Ernest Miltenberger, 
John T. Hardie, 

Charles Lafitte, 

(Paul (Poursine, 



NO. 1 O 6 



About a year ago, Mr. Paul Fourchy conceived the idea 
of applying the mutual principle on which most insurance 
companies are now conducted to banking operations, and 
having niatiu'ed a plan which was highly approved by 
many of our most intelligent business men, he organized 
under the Act of Congress of 1864 the Mutual National 
Bank of New Orleans, which commenced operations on the 
1st of January 1872, with a capital of five hundred thou- 
sand dollars, and of which he was appropriately made 
the President. The annexed semi-annual statement of the 
operations of the bank during the first half year of its of- 
ficial existence demonstrates that the idea upon which it is 
based is an eminently practical one, and that it has been 
most judiciously and successfully carried out. The dis- 
tinctive featui-e of the new system is contained in Article 
Ninth of the Charter of Mutual National Bank, which pro- 
vides that "the depositors shall receive on the average 
amount of their cash balances for the preceding six months, 
and the stockholders shall rceive on the amount of their 
stock a contingent semi annual interest equal to the net 
profits of the bank for the preceding six months, after de- 
ducting from said net profits the following items : — 1st. the 




CAPITAL STOCK PAID IN, $500,000. 



(DEPOSITS 



Six Months After. Organization, 
OVER $1,000,000. 



Dividends for Pirst Sis Months Operations, 



June SB, ISTS, 



6 1-2 Per Cent to tlie Stockholders. 



1-2 Per Cent to all Depositors. 



AL STREET 



reserve of one-tenth required by the 33d Section of the 
National Currency Act approved June 3, 1864 ; 2d, a regu- 
lar semi-annual dividend of 5 per cent, for the stockhold- 
ers on the amount of their stock." It is further declared 
in the said Charter that " depositors receive a contingent 
interest, not as partners, but as a just and proper remu- 
neration for their patronage." This contingent interest is 
distributed by adding up the daily cash balances of each 
depositor for six months and dividing the grand total by 
(180) the quotient showing the average balance, and the 
proportional interest to which each one is entitled. 

Mr. Joseph Mitchel, the Cashier of the Mutual Nation- 
al Bank of New Orleans, is a gentleman of large experi- 
ence in business, having long been connected as a partner 
with the Anglo-Spanish Banking House of Drake & Co., 
in Havana, and having on his removal here in 1846 held re- 
sponsible and confidential positions with Messrs. Barelli & 
Co. and O. B. Graham, of this city. With his qualifica- 
tions as a bank officer, Mr. Mitchel combines the advan- 
tage of being an excellent French and Spanish scholar, 
writing and speaking both languages with the same fluency 
and elegance as he does his own. 



1 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



155 



has, certainly among his brother architects, largely contri- 
buted to the beauty and permanent improvements of the 
city. The houses he has designed are models of elegance 
and high finish in their way. Among them we may men- 
tion Mr. Lafayette Folger's, corner of St. Charles and First 
streets; Dr. Campbell's, corner of St. Charles and Julia 
streets ; Mr. Hale's corner of De Lord and Camp streets ; 
the Canal Bank on Camp street ; the Story Buildings, cor- 
ner of Camp and Common streets : Mr. W. M. Perkins', 
corner of Jackson and Coliseum streets ; St. James' Hotel 
on Magazine street ; Crescent Mu,tual Insurance Building, 
Camp street ; Mr. H. S. Buckner's house, corner of Coli- 
seum and Jackson streets ; the Factor's Row on Carondelet 
street ; Row of Stores oi^posite St. James' Hotel ; Mr. S. 
H. Kennedy's house, corner of First and Camp streets ; 
Mr. Andrew Smith's house, corner of St. Charles street 
and Tivoli Circle ; Jackson & Manson's extensive Stores 
on New Levee streets, and many more firm and substantial 
buildings in tHe city than we have space or time to enum- 
erate, and which testify to bis genius and tasteful skill in 
execution. 

By strict attention to order and system in his business 
an-angements, Mr. Reynolds has found considerable time 
for study, reading, writing and even publishing. He has 
one of the best, if not the very best, professional library 
in the city, and is thoroughly conversant with the archi- 
tectural lore it contains. In his " Mysteries of Masoni-y," 
recently published by the Messrs. Lippincott of Philadel- 
phia, he has treated a curious and transcendetal subject in 
a clear and philosophical manner. A large edition of the 
work has commanded a ready sale, and elicited favorable 
criticisms both in the United States and in England. He 
is now engaged on a work of still higher pretensions, en- 
titled " The Science and Philosophy of Creation," which, 
when it appears from the press, will be likely to produce 
a sensation in literary and philosophical circles. 



MRS. MIRA CLARK GAINES. 



This remarkable lady, whose name is the common prop- 
erty of every part of the American Union, literally the 
heroine of a romance in real life ; more familiar with the 
doctrines which regulates the succession of real estates 
than many of the learned civilians who frequent our 
courts of justice ; an eloquent .ind able champion of her 
own rights in any and every forum where she has ever 
been permitted to appear in person ; better acquainted 
with the great men who for the third pait of a century 
have figured at the Bar, on the Bench, in the Senate Cham- 
ber, and other high and envcid jjlaces in America, than 
most of her masculine cotemporaries ; bold, intrepid, un- 
daunted, indomitable and successful in the pursuit of an 
object which deservedly occupied her whole mind and 
heart, was born at New Orleans in the year 1806, of the 
present century, of which she herself is one of those 
shining marks which green-eyed envy is said to love. 

Her father, David Clark, Esq., an Irishman by birth and 
a large capitalist, by his enterprise contributed greatly to 
the advancement of the Crescent City, then in its infancy, 



and was successfully employed in 1803 by Mr. Jefferson to 
negotiate the pui'chasc of the great territory of Louisiana, 
and its cession to the United States by Napoleon, the Em- 
peror of France. Her mother, Zulfrine, n6e Carriore, of 
French extraction, is said to have been endowed with the 
charms of a magical beauty, which rendered her, in her 
day, very celebrated. 

We have not time to recapitulate the interesting events 
whiQh checker the history of Mrs. Gaines. Suffice it to 
say, that she has been twice married, first to Mr. "Wm. "W. 
Whitney by whom she had several children, of whom two 
only survive, a son and daughter, both of whom are mar- 
ried and have children. The second man-iage took place 
with Major General Gaines, of the United States Army, a 
gentleman and soldier, and whose well-known devotion to 
her amounted almost to idolatry. 

Mrs. Gaines must have passed her climacteric, which has 
not, however, deprived her, as yet, of the coveted glory of 
youth which have rolled imperceptibly over her head, have 
scattered their roses while they have concealed theii- thorns. 
Her hair still retains its golden hue ; her face is fair and 
unwrinkled by the cares of half a century, while her sym- 
metrical form is as erect, her eye as lively and benignant, 
her laugh as ringing, and her step quick, light and buoy- 
ant as ever ! 

An ubiquitous person wherever she is, be it New Orleans, 
New York, Philadelphia, Washington, or Boston, her 
petite fic/iire may be seen almost any day of the week, and 
at all hours of the day, moving rapidly along their great 
thoroughfares, — the very beau-ideal of nerve, enterprise, 
gracefulness, gaiety and good humor. Who would sup- 
pose, from her nonchalant air and smiling aspect, that the 
expectations of a millionaire fluttered around her heart 
strings ? 

But so it was ! The highest judicial tribunal in the Uni- 
ted States, after a controversy prosecuted, with zeal and 
enthusiasm, during a space of thirty years and ujDwards, 
has confinned her status as entitling her to the largest 
estate that has ever fallen to the lot of any American female. 
Between her and the posses.sion and fruition of her queenly 
wealth there still lie many difficulties, and those of uo small 
magnitude. 

She is aware that the glittering rewards that beckon her 
in the distance, and to which she is entitled, can only be 
reached at the expense of thovisands of individuals, who 
have long been in the quiet and undisturbed possession of 
her property, and who can only be ousted from it by regu- 
lar process of law. 

What a world of litigation lies before her ! Most women, 
endowed with sensibitity, would shrink appalled from the 
prospect. But Mrs. Gaines is no oidinary woman, and 
with a heart overflowing with benevolence, retains a keen 
sense of the wrongs she has suffered from the willfulness, 
the mistakes or ignorance of others, and is upheld by a 
lively sense of the right and justice of her cause, and of the 
duty that devolves on her to prosecute it to the best of her 
ability. It is known that she is liberal and ready to make 
many sacrifices, provided she can be substantially righted. 
She has, accordingly, for the sake of h'lmanity, and for the 
sake of peace, proposed to compromise with her debtors. 



156 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



whether individuals or corporate bodies, for refraction of 
her vast estates. Admitting that she has an unquestion- 
able right to all that the courts have decided to be her pro- 
perty, however large the amount may be, if with a view to 
relieve those who are in possession of her rights, she is 
willing to surrender a considerable portion of her legal 
claims. Who can withhold from her the praise of noble- 
ness and generosity ? 

It adds largely to the merit of Mrs. Gaines, that the 
prospect of untold wealth, which lies before her, has never 
roused within her those feelings of arrogance and pride 
which are often the accompaniments of large expectations. 
In her intercourse with society, her manners are simple, 
frank and genial, devoid of the slightest approach to as- 
sumption. She despises none because they are poor, but 
is ever disposed to aid them as she has opportunity ; she 
respects none because they are rich, regarding wealth a 
blessing or a curse as it is employed to good or evU ends. 
No religious devotee seems more Intensely conscious of 
the leadings of Providence, and no Christian entertains a 
profounder reverence for the Creator, whom, in her con- 
versations with friends, she always styles, with evident 
affection and trust, her " Heavenly Father." 

"We cannot refrain from concluding our brief sketch of 
this distinguished woman, by quoting the significant opin- 
ion expressed by the Supreme Court of the United States 
on the subject of the Gaines' controversy : 

" When, hereafter, some distinguished American lawyer 
shall retire from his practice, to write the history of his 
countrj-'s jurisprudence, this case will be registered by him 
as the most remarkable in the records of the courts." 



JOSEPH ADOLPHUS EOZIER, ESQ. 



Any account of distinguished members of the New Or- 
leans bar, and of j)rominent citizens, would be signally 
deficient, which omitted a proper notice of this gentleman. 

Mr. Rozier, as we are informed, is of French extraction, 
and was bom at St. Genevieve, Missouri, December 31st, 
1817. After completing his classical course at St. Mary's 
College, Mo., he commenced the study of law at Kaskaskia, 
lUs., imder the direction of Judge Nathaniel Pope, then 
District Judge of the United States ; and, subsequently, 
under that of John Scott, Esq., a distinguished member of 
the St. Genevieve bar. It was doubtless fortunate for the 
future reputation of Mr. Rozier, that the gentlemen who 
presided over his legal education, were men of a high 
order of intellect, and well versed in their profession. It 
is always beneficial to young men of ingenuous temper and 
honorable ambition, to have influential examples constantly 
before their eyes when engaged in the prosecution of their 
studies; and such was the case with the subject of this 
notice. But his success, in after life, was more attributable 
to his own energy and his ardent devotion to the noble pro- 
fession he had adopted, than even to the force of brilliant 
examples. 

When he had completed his preparation for the bar, Mr. 



Rozier presented himself to the bench of judges for exam- 
ination, and having successfully passed through that ordeal 
received his diploma. 

It is an era in the career of the young advocate in our 
wide-spread country, when the question of an advantageous 
location for practice is first raised, and its solution is often 
attended with difficulties. Missouri was then, compara- 
tively speaking, a young State, and its cities, now popu- 
lous, were then small. He commenced the practice at 
home where his information and habits for business were 
duly appreciated ; but, animated by the spirit of adven- 
ture, or seeing a wider scope for the exercise of his abili- 
ties in New Orleans, he removed to this place, and having, 
as a necessary step, first mastered the doctrines and pro- 
blems of the civil law, (which is itself a science,) and been 
examined as to his proficiency, commenced practice in this 
community in the year 1810. Here he has since resided, 
occupying a position among the prominent members of his 
profession, greatly respected for the virtues which have 
adorned his career in the various relations of life — domestic, 
social, civU and religious. His practice has been lucrative, 
and his income adequate to all the requirements of taste 
and elegance. His habits are literary, his disposition 
social, and his acquaintance with men and events, in past 
times and present, large. He always prepares himself 
thoroughly in his cases, comes to trial fully armed with 
authorities, never loses sight of the interests of his clients, 
never trifles with grave topics, and uniformly speaks with 
fluency, dignity, grace and efiect. 

A trait, which eminently distinguishes Mr. Rozier, is de- 
cision of character — an invincible adherence to his princi- 
ples. This was manifested, in a remarkable degree, during 
our late troubles. Though a member of the State Conven- 
tion that resolved to resort to secession as a remedy for 
Federal grievances, he voted against the measure and re- 
fused to sign the ordinance of secession, being one of the 
only seven of the whole body comprising the Convention 
who pursued this course. In this instance, as in all cases, 
he was doubtless influenced by his convictions, being gov- 
erned by a sense of what he regarded right. His Roman 
firmness and conscientiousness displayed on this occasion, 
have been much admired and even praised by those who, 
to this day, differ from him in political opinion. 

The ability of Mr. Rozier, and his earnest devotion to 
the interests of the Federal Union, attracted the attention 
of President Lincoln who, regarding him the proper per- 
son for the place, appointed him District Attorney of the 
United States for Louisiana. Mr. Rozier possessing a re- 
markable share of that modesty which is always charac- 
teristic of minds of a certain elevation, could not be 
tempted either by the distinction or emoluments attending 
the office to accept it. He accordingly declined the ap- 
pointment. 

Unobtrusive in his manners, affable in his intercourse, 
sans peur et sans reproche, Mr. Rozier would be regarded a 
model man in any community. 

Mr. Rozier is, at present and has been for several years. 
President of the Law Association, composed of the most 
distinguished members of the profession in this city. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



159 



D. K. WHITAKER, ESQ. 



The following embraces some of the principal events, and 
all that are important to be known in the life of this gentle- 
man. He was bom at Sharon, County of Norfolk, and 
State of Massachusetts, on the 10th day of April, A. D., 
1801, being the second son and child in a family of ten chil- 
dren, of Rev. Jonathan and Mrs. Mary Whitaker, his father 
being minister of the Congi-egational Church and Society of 
that town. He received his education, preparatory to en- 
tei'ing Cambridge College, first at home, from his father (a 
son of Harvard of the class of 1798; next at Bradford 
academy, on the Merrimac River — place of nativity of his 
mother) ; subsequently at Derby academy, Hingham, then 
under the direction of his uncle. Rev. Daniel Kimball, also 
a graduate of Harvard College, and for some time its Latin 
Tutor, after whom he received liis baptismal name) ; and, 
finally, at Andrew Phillips' academy. Upon leaving the 
last named institution, where he spent three years, he 
delivered, at the anniversary exhibition, by appointment 
of the principal, the Latin Salutatory Oration, the first time 
such an honor had ever been conferred on any pupil of that 
seminary 

At sixteen years of age he entered Cambridge College, 
where he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1820, 
and that of Master in 182.3. His favorite studies, in col- 
lege, were the Latin and Greek Languages, Moral and 
Intellectual Philosophy, Politics, Logic, Rhetoric, and the 
Belles Lettres, in all which he is said to have excelled. In 
1819 he obtained a Boylston Gold Medal for a dissertation 
on " The Literary Character of Dr. Samuel Johnson," for 
which all the undergraduates of the four classes, as well as 
resident graduates, were at liberty to contend ; and, in 
1820, a Bowdoin Gold Medal for Oratory, oppn for compe- 
tition to undergraduates and the graduate class. John 
Quincy Adams and Daniel Webster were among the judges 
who awarded the latter prize. 

Inheriting a partiality for the clerical profession both 
from his paternal and maternal ancestors, he, s-hortly after 
leaving the university, placed himself under the theological 
tuition of the Rev. Dr. Richmond, an eminent clergyman of 
Dorchester (in the environs of Boston), and upon the com- 
pletion of his studies, having been pronounced morally and 
intellectually fitted for the sacred office, received, from the 
Bridgewater Association of Divines, a license to j)reach the 
Gospel. 

About this time he suffered severely from the condition 
of his health, which had been frail from his childhood. He 
had had alaiming attacks of illness while prosecuting his 
studies both at Andover and Cambridge, which led to his 
temporary abandonment of them ; and, upon his recovery 
on this occasion, his family physician and friends recom- 
mended, as indispensable to the complete establishment of 
his health, his temporary, if not permanent, removal to a 
Southern and more genial climate. His parents consenting 
this course was adopted ; and towards the close of the year 
1823, he, in company with his venerable father who had 
recently dissolved his pastoral connection with his church 
and his congregation in New Bedford, Massachusetts, (pre- 



viously presided over by the celebrated Dr. Samuel West, 
and subsequently by the equally celebrated Dr. Orville 
Dewey), left that place for the South. He had previously 
elaborately prepared a few discourses with a view to make 
a favorable impression on any audience he might be 
called on to address, and some of which he soon had 
occasion to deliver to large audiences in New York City, 
in Philadelphia, Penn. ; in Washington, D. C. ; Baltimore, 
Md. ; Richmond and Petersburg, Va. ; Raleigh and Fay- 
etteville, N. C. ; Cheraw, Camden and Charleston, S. C, and 
Savannah, Milledgeville and Augusta, Ga. These discourses 
were said to be very eloquent and efiectivo, and, as a youth- 
ful preacher, he started on his career with no inconsid- 
erable reputation. While in Charleston, S. C, he was 
invited by the Rev. Dr. Gilman to supply his pulpit dui'ing 
the Summer months on the occasion of his exit North, and 
the congregation of that eminent divine and scholar paid 
him the compliment of publishing two of his sermc>ns. At 
the beautiful town of Augusta he succeeded in organizing 
a society, of which he was invited to take the charge, and, 
for bis accommodation, a neat and commodious chui'ch 
edifice was erected. There he continued to officiate for 
nearly a year, when his health, in consequence of his con- 
stant and novel labors, was completely broken down. He 
now, as a measure of duty and prudence, determined to 
abandon the ministry altogether. 

Removing to South Carolina where his parents and 
family had now arrived and settled themselves, he re- 
mained with them till his health was recuperated. He 
shortly afterwards married a lady residing in St. Paul's 
Parish, Comton District, of that State, widow of an eminent 
physician and planter, and devoted himself for about ten 
years to the cultm-e of the great staples of the South — rice 
and cotton. The daily exercise his new avocation required 
him to take in the open air, proved highly beneficial to his 
health, while the associations he foimed with educated 
planters, presented to him an entirely new and favorable 
phase of Southern society. Having been invited to become 
a member of the State Agricultural Society of South Caro- 
lina, he delivered by appointment before that body, an 
anniversary discourse on " The claims of Agriculture to be 
regarded as a distinct Science," which was published by 
the society and republished in "the SotUhcrnA(jrictdttmtit," 
edited by Dr. Bachman, our great Southern Naturalist. 
The subject of making the science of agriculture a distinct 
branch of education for Southern young gentlemen was 
much discassed about that time, and the plan of making it . 
a part of the college curriculum was actually adopted by 
the States of South Carolina and Georgia. 

The quiet and monotonous pixrsuits of a country life were 
not, however, altogether adapted to the peculiar tastes of 
the subject of this notice. He desired to be an active par- 
ticipator in more exciting scenes. He had determined, for 
the reasons already assigned, not to resume the ministeria' 
profession, but the law had its attractions, and, as hin 
health was now established, he had ample time and oppor- 
tunities for the purpose, he resolved to enter upon its 
study ; and plaeiug himself under the direction of James 
L. Petigni, Esq., the leading lawyer of South CovUnn.. he 



160 



JEWELL'S ORESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



prepared himself for the bar, in due time passed a success- 
ful examination before the judges of the Supreme Court, 
and was admitted to practice in the Courts of Law and 
Equity in South Carolina. He had scarcely opened a law 
office in Charleston when he was solicited by the Hon. 
John Lyde Wilson, ex-Governor of the State, and an emi- 
nent practitioner at the Charleston bar, to enter into 
co-partnership with him. Governor Wilson placed in his 
hands the trial of several important causes, both in the 
lower and higher courts, in which he was successful. 

In 1832, he was appointed Chairman of the Committee of 
the citizens of St. Paul's Parish (consisting chiefly of plan- 
ters,) to draft a series of resolutions on the subject of Nul- 
lification, which were unanimously adopted. Those reso- 
lutions he supported in a speech which was published in 
the Charleston Mercury. He spoke occasionally at public 
meetings, and, in the midst of the crisis, delivered, by in- 
vitation, the Fourth of July Oration before the " 76 Asso- 
ciation " of Charleston, availing himself of the occasion to 
express the views he entertained on the important ques- 
tions of the day. 

He was a member of " the Literary and Philosophical 
Society of South Carolina," of which the Hon. Joel R. 
Poinsett was, at that time. President, composed of the most 
distinguished scholars of all professions in Charleston, a 
city second to none other in America for its high literary 
tone. On one occasion he had the honor to be appointed 
the anniversary orator of this association, and selected for 
his subject, " The Habits, Customs, Genius, and Languages 
of the Indian Tribes of North America." 

Under the auspices of this learned body, in the year 
1835, he issued proposals for the publication of a Southern 
monthly magazine at Charleston, S. C. The proposition 
was received very favorably throughout the whole South. 
After the demise of the old Southern Review, brilliantly 
edited, first by the Messrs. Elliott (father and son), and 
subsequently by the celebrated Hugh S. Legare ; some 
su<!h medium for communicating to the Southern public the 
opinions of distinguished Southern writers on literary 
topics was deemed highly desirable. This work, under the 
editorial conduct of Mr. Whitaker, was for some years well 
sustained by himself and the same corps of writers. 

A work of a graver character than the monthly journal 
just referred to, was now demanded by the necessities of 
the times, in which the prominent interests of the country, 
political as well as literary, should be fully and elaborately 
, discussed, with a view to the creation of a sound public 
sentiment, at the instance, once more, and upon the recom- 
mendation of " The Literary and Philosophical Society of 
South Carolina," Mr. Whitaker issued proposals, in 1840, 
for the publication of the " Southern Quarterly Review." 
It was thought best, this time, to transfer the place of pub- 
lication from Charleston to New Orleans, as likely to com- 
mand a more extensive circulation throughout the whole 
South and Southwest. By the energy of Mr. Whitaker, a 
subscription list amounting to $16,000 was procured, and 
the publication was commenced in this city in January of 
the following year. 

Its contributors were numerous, embracing the 



ablest writers and scholars in the Southern States. After 
conducting it for a series of years with marked abUity Mr. 
Whitaker sold the Review to a company of gentlemen, who 
were aware of the difficulties in which he was involved by 
the heavy outlay he had incurred at the beginning of the 
enterprise and afterwards. The proceeds enabled him to 
meet honorably all the liabilities occasioned by the publi- 
cation of the work, which then passed into the hands of 
other able editors who continued it for twenty-one years 
from the date of its announcement up to the time of the 
breaking out of the late war. It was very influential, and 
continued to maintain a reputation fully equal to that of 
any quai'terly published either in the United States or in 
Great Britain. 

Having had the misfortune to lose his wife, Mr. Whita- 
ker, in 1848, formed a matrimonial alliance with Mrs. M. 
S. Miller, of the High Hills of Santoe, South Carolina, 
widow of the Hon. John Miller, advocate of Edinburgh, 
Scotland, and subsequently Queen's Attorney General for 
the British West Indies, a lady eqiially celebrated for her 
personal and litei'ary accomplishments, and by whom he 
has had six children, a son and four daiighters, of whom 
only two daughters survive, having lost their son, a pro- 
mising chUd of five years on a visit of a year spent in the 
bleak latitude of Canada. Of two sons by his former wife, 
one survives, who now resides on his own homestead near 
Greenville, S. C. 

During the administration of Mr. Buchanan, Mr. Whit- 
taker held an official position under the United States Gov- 
ernment, until the secession of South Carolina, when 
he removed to Richmond, where through the kind instru- 
mentality of the Hon. Alexander H. Stephens, he obtained 
a post first in the General Post-office Department of the 
Confederate Government, and subsequently in the War 
Office. He left Richmond on the day of its evacuation by 
the Confederate troops, came to New Orleans early in Jan- 
uary, 1866, was for a year and a half, associate editor of 
the New Orleans Times, and has since been engaged in va- 
rious literary avocations. 

The writer of this sketch, who is intimately acquainted 
with Mr. Whitaker's literary character and entire career, 
feels fully authorized to say in conclusion, that, as a writer, 
he is distinguished by a style critically correct, and in 
argumentative powers is rarely surpassed. A total absence 
of affectation assists in establishing the cogency of his 
reasoning and the logical accuracy of his deductions. Few 
care to measure swords with him in a fairly conducted 
argument. His blows fall with persevering force, and, 
even when diffuse, as he sometimes is, he seldom fails in 
establishing any point for which he contends. 

A sketch of Mr. Whitaker was written many years since 
by Edgar A. Poe, and published in a periodical edited by 
that great American poet, in which he makes the following 
assertion : " Mr. Whitaker is one of the best essayists in 
North America, and stands in the foremost rank of elegant 
writers." His habits are those of a man devoted to letters, 
and the want of a publishing house at the South, and his 
own modesty, though operating against his celebrity, have 
not been sufficient impediments to seriouslv cloud his well 
earned reputation. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




GEN. P. G. T. BEAUREGARD. 



E. J. HART, 
B. B. HART 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED 




insr 



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Mm, ft» f 1 ^ WW TGmmWTTmhAB if a 



Naw Ortemmi, Lm 



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JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



163 



CHURCH OF ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST. 

This noble edifice, built in the Renaissance style of ar 
chiteeture, measures, on the outside, 172 feet in length by 
75 in width. Its ceiling, groined and arched, is fifty-five 
feet in height from the floors, and the groins supported by 
columns. The pews, 186 in number, are made of black wal- 
nut with mohogany trimmings. The Organ Gallery is of 
elliptic shape. The impressions made on the mind of the 
beholder on entering this sacred edifice are those of simple 
grandeur, accuracy of proportion and beauty of finish. 
The senses are charmed, the tastes gratified, the sensibility 
touched, and the imagination exalted. All the surroudings 
are calculated to awaken emotions at once august and ten- 
der — in a word — to lift the soul from earth to heaven. 
Over the alter of St Joseph, (in fresco) you see a represen- 
tation of one of the earliest and most touching incidents in 
Christian History, the Flight of the Savior of Mankind 
into Egypt, a picture, and, over the Virgin Mary's altar, 
another picture of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin. 

All the decorations of the Church were in the beautiful 
Renaissance style, but they are not yet completed. An or- 
gan is being built, in that style by Henry Eben, Esq., of 
New York city, the fourth of the land built in the United 
States, and the most powerful ever introduced into this 
city. Altars are being built for the Church at Cork, Ire- 
land, of pure white Italian marble, the shafts of the col- 
umns and pilasters of Irish Green and Gold marble. A 
statue of St. John, is to be on one side of the altar, and one 
of St. Patrick on the other, the altar itself to be surmounted 
by the Angel of Hope holding a Chalice. The sanctuary 
floor will be in Mosaic, with different light-colored Irish 
marble, and the floor of the Transept and Sanctuary steps, 
of Italian marble. The estimated cost of St. John's 
Church, when completed, is set down at $200,000. The 
grand structurei reflects infinite credit on the skill of 
Thomas Mulligan, Esq., the architect, as well as from the 
indefatigable zeal and enterprize of Father Moynahan, 
(who pi'osecuted the arduous labor to its completion with 
the spirit of another Solomon), and upon the citizens of 
all classes and creeds, who contributed to its erection with 
unbounded liberality. 

The dedication of this church took place on the 9th of 
January 1872, under the auspices of his Grace, the Most 
Rev. Arch-Bishop Perch6, (all the Catholic clergy attend- 
ing) with the imposing magnificence that belongs to the 
ceremonials of the Roman Catholic church on such occa- 
sions, and in the presence of a vast concourse of citizens. 
The well knov.-n poet-priest and orator, Father Ryan, of 
Mobile, officiated on the occasion, and rendered it more 
memorable by his eloquence. 



THE NEW ORLEAT^G MJTUAL INSURANCE CO. 

The New Orleans Insurance Company was incorporated 
in 1835, a fact which confers upon it the distinction of 
being the oldest Insurance Company in New Orleans, and 
the oldest but one in the United States. Its first officers 
were M. M. P. De Buys and Thos. Urquhardt, Mr. A. Saint 



Martin succeeding the latter as Presidant in 1845, in which 
year Mr. Jules Tuyes took Mr. Saint Martin's place as 
Secretary. On the retirement of Mr. St. Martin in 1854, 
Mr. Jules Tuyes was promoted to the Presidency of this 
company — a position still filled by him with credit and 
ability. In 1859, the mutual system being much in vogue, 
the stockholders of the company reorganized it in accord- 
ance with that system and under its j)resent title of the 
New Orleans Mutual Insurance Company, its capital being 
then $500,000, and its assets amounting to $750,000. The 
New Orleans Mutual Insurance C. mpany is justly looked 
upon as one of the safest and best managed public institu- 
tions of this city. It is distinguished from the other com- 
panies by a feature which originated with Mr. Tuyes, and 
has proved generally acceptable as well as epiinently suc- 
cessful. Instead of being merged together, the dividends 
earned in each of the three departments (Fire, Marine and 
River,) are paid out to each insurer in proportion to the 
premiums he has paid in the particular department in 
which the profit was made thereby securing to him in 
practice the lowest rate of insurance attainable under the 
mutual system, as he receives the full share of the profits 
realized in the department to which his insurance belongs 
without being called upon to make, from his earned divi- 
dends, any deficiency that might occur in another 
department. Mr. J. W. Hincks, the present efficient 
Secretary of the New Orleans Mutual Insurance Company, 
was for more than twenty years Deputy Collector of the 
Port of New Orleans. Like Mr. Tuyes, he is a native of 
this city, where he has always stood deservedly high. 



THE FERRIES. 



The Third District Ferry plies every half hour from the 
head of Elysian Fields Street, Left Bank, and Olivier 
Street, Algiers, from 5 A. si. to 8 v. M., and is owned and 
conducted by Jose Carreras, Esq. 

Morgan's Railroad Ferry plies between the head of St. 
Anne Street and the landing in front of his depot in Algiers. 
The arrivals and departui-es of his boats are regulated to 
correspond with the time of the passengers and freight 
trains to and from Algiers. Cars from Brashear over the 
Morgan road are crossed to the Left Bank and sent east 
over the New Orleans, Mobile & Texas Road without 
change or breaking bulk, the gauge of the foi-mer having 
been lately changed, to correspond with the entire line 
from New Orleans to New York. 

The Second District Ferry plies every half hour between 
St. Anne Street and Bouny Street, Algiers, from 4^ a. .m. 
until 8i p. M. under the direction of Messrs. Drum and 
Hanley. 

Canal Street Ferry plies from the head of Canal Street 
to Viller6 Street, Right Bank, two, three or four times 
each hour, from 4i a. m. to 9 i". M., and each half hour 
during the night. This ferry employs two boats, the 
" Louisa," with capacity for 25 carriages or vehicles, with 
ample accommodations for passengers. The cabins and 
decks of the boats and the ferry passages and platfonns 
are kept in scrupulous order and the officers are noted for 



164 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



urbanity. The Tug propeller, Little Jerry, performs the 
night serrice for foot passengers and at times alternates 
'svdth the Louisa. In warm summer, by invitation of the 
liberal proprietors, the boats are thronged with citizens 
who remain on board for hours enjojing the breezes of the 
river, making several trips for a single fare. 

The Ferry is owned and conducted by Capt. John Kouns 
and Capt. Wm. T. Scovell, under the firm of John Kouns 

& Co. 

The Fourth District Ferry plies between the head of 
Jackson Street and the village of Gretna, making twelve 
or fifteen trips per day, between 5 A. ii. and 7 or 8 p. m. 

The Sixth District (or Bobb's) Ferry plies from the head 
of Louisiana Avenue, Sixth District, to Bobb's Mills from 
dawn until dark. 



THE ACADEMY OF MUSIC. 



Although the Academy of Music is of more recent estab- 
lishment than its competitors, it can boast of being the old- 
est building after the St. Charles' Theatre, devoted to the- 
atrical entertainments. It was constructed in 18.53 by 
George C. Lawrason, Esq., of this city, for its present les- 
see and manager, Mr. D. Bidwell, and opened the same 
year as an amphitheatre, with a portable stage, by the re- 
nowned cii-cus man, Dan Rice. Its character as an amphi- 
theatre was retained until the next year, 1854, when the 
"Varieties Theatre —where Mr. and Mrs. Dion Bouci- 
cault were then to perform— was destroyed by fire for the 
first time. The opportunity of supplying the deficiency 
was seized upon by Mr. Bidwell, who immediately trans- 
formed the amphitheatre into a regular theatre. Mr. John 
Calder, who had been the treasurer of the Varieties, opened 
the institution with the unemployed members of the Varie- 
ties company, and the " PeUcan Theatre," was thus inau- 
gurated. From this time until the year 1856 the Pelican 
Theatre was rented by Mr. Bidwell to combination compa- 
nies, until that gentleman was joined by Messrs. Spaulding 
and Rogers in the proprietorship and management of the 
theatre, and it assumed its present popular name, " The 
Academy of Music." The attractions to the Academy were 
increased by the addition of a museum, in which was gath- 
ered a large collection of natural and other curiosities. In 
1866 Mr. Rogers' connection with the firm ceased, and Dr. 
Spaulding, in 1870, leaving Mr. Bidwell, the original mana- 
ger, sole proprietor. Every year the Academy, under its 
intelligent and energetic administration, has received new 
improvements which make it now one of the most complete 
of modem theatres. The museum has been discontinued, 
and the space allotted to that department, in the fi-ont por- 
tion of the building, has been converted into neat and ele- 
gant reception and dressing rooms for the use of ladies and 
children, who so liberally patronize the Academy. The 
seasons at the Academy commence earlier and end later 
than at any of our other theatres, and its administration 
presents besides several important and noteworthy feat- 
ui-es, an elaborate steam apparatus supplies the auditorium 
with hot or cold air, according to the season, and ample 
provision is made for a copious supply of water in case of 
fire ; an admirable arrangement exists about its stage, con- 



sisting of the entire absence of scenery, except that which 
is needed for the evening's perfoi-mance. All surplus 
scenery is carefully stored away in an adjoining fire-proof 
room, to which it is easily shifted by means of a simple con- 
trivance. This is an excellent arrangement (which, we 
believe is not adopted by any other theatre in this country,) 
not only as an additional precaution against fire but be- 
cause of the facilities it aS'ords in the stage operations. 
The Academy is the original matinee theatre in New Or- 
leans, and the success and popularity resulting from these 
noon performances have led the other theatres to follow 
Mr. Bidwell's example. The Academy was also the first 
theatre in New Orleans to be provided with the patent 
iron settees now so generally popular in the North. To 
say that the Academy is one of the cosiest and most elegant 
places of amusement in the country is but to confirm the 
public opinion. The uninitiated would be surprised, in 
fact, at the first glance to conceive that its seating capacity 
is nearly 1,800, and that very few theatres in the country 
have achieved the pecuniary success which has attended its 
manao-ement — the clear profits of one season, since the 
war, being estimated at a figure approximating sixty 
thousand dollars. Dui'ing the career of this theatre most 
of the distinguished actors, actresses, and combination 
ocmpanies, varying from negi'O ministrelsy and the bur- 
lesque to the most refined comedy, and the lightest order 
of the di-ama, have appeared on its boards, and entitled it 
a patronage rivaUng the most successful enterprises of its 
kind. In Mr. Jake Kittredge, who has been connected with 
the Academy in the capacity of Treasui-er, for many years 
Mr. Bidwell has found a valuable assistant in the manage- 
ment of his theatre. Combuiing, as he does, strict busi- 
ness qualifications, and a peculiar tact to make himself the 
favorite of the patrons and the employees of the institution, 
his services have been as invaluable as his popularity is 
extensive. 



THE MORESQUE BUILDING. 



This magnificent iron edifice, which occupies an entire 
square at the corner of Camp and Poydras streets, was 
commenced by J. C. Barelli, Esq., in the Winter of 1859— 
1860. It was originally to have contained six stores, and a 
ball room 68 feet by 147. One-half of the building was 
roofed, when its further progi-ess was interrupted by the 
war, during which all the. copper was stolen, and the tim- 
bers of the unstated ball room rotted. About $249,000 
had then been expended on it. 

Subsequently, the ' building was pm-chased by John 
Gauche, Esq., for 8160,000, who received an ofi"er equiva- 
lent to about $87,000 per year for it, to be converted into a 
hotel. He refused taking the risk of the additional cost, 
about S'215,000, including fui-niture, and expended about 
$110,000 in putting it in its present condition. 

The biiilding covers a small square of 150 feet on each 
side, between Poydras, Camp, North, and St. Mary streets. 
It is three stories and an attic in height. The four fronts 
are of iron in the Moorish style, or style of the Alhambra, 
and were executed at Holly Springs, (Miss.,) by Messrs. 
Jones, McElvain & Co. This foundry was used for an ord- 
nance' foundry in the early part of the war, but was after- 
wards destroyed. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




lAKMBWMAEM 61' 



THE claim ot the Shakespeare Chib for public; favor is based 
on its usefulness to the community, and hence deserves the 
attention of all who have an interest in its welfare. 

Members of the Louisiana Histrionics and Crescent Dramatic Associations are 
requested to meet on Sunday, March 17. 1867, at 10 o'clocli, a.m., at No. 2G Commer- 
cial Place (up stairs), for the purpose of consolidating and forming a permanent or- 
ganization. By request of MAKY FRIENDS. 

The above notice, published by G. H. Braughn, E,?q., who had 
at various times been President of the Association mentioned, 
brouo-ht tooether at the place indicated, Messrs. Braughn, T. 
O'Neil, Mark O'Rourke. F. G. Chamberlain and Peter Hart, and 
the Shakespeare Club was created. 

Profiting by their ante-bellum experience, the club resolved 
that their theatrical entertainments should be private, and the ex- 
penses borne by its members. Meeting- were frequently held 
thereafter, and to the rolls were, from time to time, added the 
names of some of the most prominent young men of this city. 

On the 8th of ^lay, 1867, the club, which then numbered about 
fifty members, adopted a constitution and by-laws, and was thor- 
oughly organized by the election of the following officers : — Geo. 
H. Braughn, President ; Dr. J. K. Walker, Vice-President ; Wal- 
ter H. Rogers, Secretary ; J. G. Campbell. Treasurer ; and T. 
O'Neil, Stage Manager; nearly every one of whom is still a 
member of the club, and Mr. Bruughii has, from year to year, been 
re-elected as its President 

On the 25th of May, 1867. the club gave its flrst performance 
at the National Theatre. The play was " The Wife ; or, A Tale 
of Mantua." 

On the "i-lth June following, the second entertainment was given, 
with " Love's Sacrifice" and to - Pai-is and Back for £5." On the 



2.3d of the same month the third entertainment, " Money " and 
the " Loan of a Lover," occurred, and the fourth, " Hamlet," on 
the 19th August following. This last performance was given at 
the Opera House to unquestionably the largest and finest audi- 
ence that ever filled that Theatre. On the 2Sth Angus., "The 
Wife " was repeated, for the relief of the yellow fever sufferers 
of New Iberia, which netted nearly two thousand dollars. On 
the 10th of September the last performance of the season was 
given at the old Varieties Theatre, producing "The Rivals.' 
Since that time the club have produced " Lady of Lyons," " Marble 
Heart," " Dead Heart," " Riehilieu " and " Ingomar." 

During its existence the club has encountered many difficulties, 
which have been overcome bj' dint of intelligence and jiersever- 
ance, its aft'airs have been carefully and judiciously administered, 
until it numbers two hundred members, comprising many of our 
most inlluential and respectable citizens, has a handsome simi in 
its treasury, and is in every way in a flourishing condition. 

The social feature of the club, diminutive at first, has gro'wn 
into splendid proportions ; so much so that vaster quarters ha\e 
been selected for the accommodation of its members. The Tilton 
JIansion, at the corner of Canal and Dryades streets, the new 
locale of the club, and represented by the above engraving, has 
been entirely repaired and refitted in a sumptuous st}ie and 
provided with all the accessories of a modern club-house, which 
make it now the finest in New Orleans. 

The club is literary, social and dramatic, tlfe latter feature being 
participated in only voluntarily by the " active members," the oth- 
ers being termed " p.assive " members. It possesses a complete mis- 
cellaneous and dramatic library, keeps all the prominent maga- 
zines and periodicals, and firesents many other pleasant club-life 
features. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



167 



HON. DUNCAN F. KENNER. 



This gentleman, whose name was so familiar to the peo- 
ple of Louisiana before the late war, as a Sugar Planter 
and leading turfman, was born in New Orleans in the early 
part of the present century. The best portions of his life 
have been devoted to agricultural pursuits and the cognate 
matter of rearing and improving the thorough-bred hoi'se. 
Few persons of the present day have been more successful 
in either pursuit. As a planter he was active, energetic 
and devotedly attached to his vocation, for he was a strong 
believer in the good old maxim, that 

" He, who by the plough would thrive, 
Himself must either hold or chive." 

As a turfman, his career was brilliant, as all who recol- 
lect the glories of the old Metarie, Eclipse, Louisiana and 
Bingaman course, will testify. In the days of the glories 
of the American turf, Mr. Kenner's name ever ranked 
among the first. 

Like many planters, he devoted much of his time to 
reading and to study. The taste and habits of his col- 
legiate education was not allowed to rust from neglect. He 
possessed one of the finest j)rivate libraries in the State, 
and devoted hours, each day, to literary pursuits. A man 
of enterprise and progress, he never hesitated to adopt the 
most scientific methods of perfecting the development of 
the cane and manufacture of sugar. 

It is not to be supposed that a gentleman of his fortune 
and attainments should not have been frequently called 
upon by his fellow-citizens to take an active part in the 
political affairs of his native State. He first took his seat 
in the House of Representatives of the State Legislature 
in 18.36, and continued, almost without intermission, a 
member of the House, or State Senate, from that time till 
1860. He was elected to the State Constitutional Conven- 
tion called, in 1844, to remodel the Constitution of 1812, 
and again, in 1852, when he was elected to a Convention 
called to amend the Constitution. Over this Convention, 
which embraced among its members many of the ablest 
jurists and leading politicians of that day, Mr. Kenner pre- 
sided, having been elected its President by a most flatter- 
ing majority. 

In 1860, Mr. Kenner was a candidate for what is known as 
the Secession Convention, and, for the first time in twenty- 
four years, was defeated by his old constituents of Ascen- 
sion Parish, the people of Ascension having strong Union 
sentiments, and Mr. Kenner equally decided Secession pro- 
clivities. After the adoption by the Convention of the 
Secession Resolutions, Mr. Kenner was elected by the 
Convention as one of the six Representatives to the Con- 
gress called at Montgomery, Alabama, to frame a Con- 
federate Constitution and Government. He continued a 
member of the Confederate Congress , from its first forma- 
tion to the final disruption of that Government and the 
surrender of General Lee. Probably the best estimate of 
the aiDpreciation in which Mr. Kenner was held by his col- 
leagues is found in the fact, that, after one year's service 
in the Provisional Congress, he was appointed Chairman of 
the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Rep- 



resentatives, the most important Committee of that body, 
whose Chairman is the acknowledged leader of the House. 
This position was not attained by the power of speech nor 
by the graces of oratory, for to these Mr. Kenner never 
pretended (though no member, when he rose to address it, 
ever commanded the more undivided attention of the 
House), but to the exhibition in the Committee Room, 
where the real business of legislation is usually done, of 
practical good common sense, and a thorough knowledge 
of the adaptation of the means to the ends to be accom- 
plished. 

In 1863 and '64, Mr. Kenner became convinced that the 
great difficulty in the way of the recognition of the Inde- 
pendence of the Confederate States by the European pow- 
ers was the institution of Slavery, and that, without such 
recognition, the question of Confederate Independence was 
probably destined to defeat, in fact, that the institution of 
slavery had to be given up, or the hopes of Confederate 
Independence would, more than probably, be lost forever. 

Under this conviction he \irged upon the Richmond 
Government to assimie, in the face of the world, the obliga- 
tion to abolish slavery in the event of the success of the 
Independence of the Confederate States. Though the 
views entertained by him were assented to, more or less, 
by many of the leaders at Richmond, it was thought that 
the public sentiment of the Southern States was not ripe 
for so bold a movement at that time. These views, how- 
ever, were strengthened by the progress of events, and, in 
October or November 1864 Mr. Davis determined to adopt 
the policy of Emancipation as an extreme means to secure 
recognition by England and France, and, as he then 
thought, the consequent Independence of the Confederate 
States. 

A trusty and confidential agent, fully possessed of the 
wishes of the Richmond Government, and, at the same 
time, a discreet and judicious person was required to go to 
Europe and communicate this change of policy on the sub- 
ject of slavery to the Emperor Napoleon and to Lord Pal- 
merston, the then recognized controllers of the French and 
English foreign policy. Mr. Kenner was eelected by Mr. 
Davis and the Richmond Cabinet as that agent. To pass 
through the Federal lines, which were then being gradu- 
ally drawn closer and closer around Richmond, was no 
easy or altogether safe trip for a Confederate Congressman. 
Provided with the proper credentials and documents, all 
in cypher, concealed on his person, Mr. Kenner accepted 
the mission with all its chances of discovery, imprison- 
ment, and, probably, death, and left Richmond to go via 
New York, in December 1864. He arrived in New York 
in some three weeks from the time of his departure from 
Richmond, walking nearly across Maryland, hid for days, 
occasionally, in farm houses, where the owners avowed 
themselves as " Southern sympathizers ;" he often made 
narrow escapes of detection, under an assumed name and 
for an assumed purpose. He arrived in England in Janu- 
ary or February 1865. Steps were immediately taken to 
bring to the notice of Louis Napoleon and Lord Palmerston 
the intentions and purposes of the Richmond Government. 
How unsuccessful the effort was need not now bo dilated 



168 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



on. The constant advance of the Federal armies on to 
Richmond, and the evident weakening of the Confederate 
defences, destroyed all possibility of foreign recognition. 

Immediately on Mr. Kenner's return to Louisiana, after 
the war, he was elected to the State Senate by his old con- 
stituents. He served in this capacity in the sessions of 
1866 and 1867 ; and, since the adoption of the Reconstruc- 
tion measures of 1868, he has confined his attention to his 
private affairs, and returned to his former occupation of 
cultivating the sugar cane, which, we learn, he is doing on 
a very extensive scale, being, with one exception, probably, 
more largely interested in that cultivation than any person 
in this State. 

FATHER CORNELIUS MOYNAHAN. 



'PROFESSOR EUGENE PRfiVOST. 



Father Cornelius Moynahan emigrated to the United 
States at the same time, and in the same ship, with his dis- 
tinguished brother, Father J. Moynahan ; and so similar 
has been the career of these two brothers, the influence 
they have exerted in Catholic circles, the energy they have 
displayed in building churches, founding schools and con- 
vents, the ecclesiastical offices they have filled, and the 
esteem in which they have been held by aU classes among 
us, that they have acquired in this community, the- title to 
be regarded and to be called, pa;- nohile fratrum. 

Father C. Moynahan received his classical education in 
Ireland, finished his theological course in the Diocese of 
New Orleans, and was invested with the functions and dig- 
nity of the priesthood by the Most Reverend Archbishop 
Blanc, in the year 1848. The sphere of his operations lay 
in the Third District of New Orleans, which, at the time of 
his investiture, was without any proper ecclesiastical 
organization for the Roman Catholics. He was accord- 
ingly commissioned by the Archbishop of the Diocese, to 
build a church for the English speaking population of that 
district, and first erected a framed edifice for the pui-pose ; 
but the congregation increased so rapidly under his admin- 
istration, that a more commodious and substantial building 
for its accommodation became necessary, and the result 
was, the erection of what is now St. Peter's Church, — a fine 
brick edifice of sufficient dimensions to meet the requii-e- 
ments of that portion of the metropolis. The frame chui'ch, 
first erected, was converted into a Parochial School, largely 
attended by the children of that and the neighboring jpar- 
ishes, the department of female instruction being presided 
over by the Sisters of the Holy Cross, and the male depart- 
ment by lay teachers. 

No naturalized citizen has ever identified himself more 
entirely with our national institutions than Father C. 
Moynahan, — none is more universally respected and be- 
loved ; none more influential in social, theological, and 
educational circles; none a more decided champion of 
Roman Catholic schools to be placed exclusively under 
Roman Catholic influences. His pulpit eloquence is 
classical, pathetic, earnest, persuasive and impressive, 
deeply imbued with what the French call onction, and the 
Latins suaviter in modo. The latter trait is conspicuous 
in his general intercourse with society, whether lay or cler- 
ical. Like his older brother, he has been raised to the dig- 
nity of Canon, and is one of the Counsellors of his Grace, the 
Archbishop, 



Mr. Eugene Pkevost, the distinguished musical com- 
poser, professor and orchestra leader, was for ten years a 
pupil of the Paris " Conservatoire de Musique," where he 
obtained in 1829 two prizes for composition, and in 1831 
received the unanimous vote of the jury (composed of the 
most eminent musicians of that period) for the " Grand 
Prix de Rome," the highest honor bestowed by the Conser- 
vatory of Music. In 1835 Mr. Prevost's first opera, Cosimo, 
was produced at the " Opera Comique," where it was per- 
formed for more than two hundred nights in succession, 
and at once gave him a reputation as one of the most 
promising musical writers of the day. This charming 
opera bouffe, which still retains its place upon the stage, 
was followed in quick succession by " Les Pontons de Ca- 
diz," one act, and " Le Bon Garijon," both of which were 
also perfoiTaed at the Opera Comique with great success, 
the latter especially, as well as" L'lllustre Gaspad," another 
comic opera produced upon the same boards in 1837. The 
next year Mr. Provost came to New Orleans, having been 
engaged by Mr. P. Davis as leader of the orchestra of the 
French Opera — a post he has filled almost uninterruptedly 
for over twenty years with immense credit to himself and 
gi-eat benefit to the management, the artists, and the 
musical amateui's of New Orleans. Dui-ing that period 
Mr. Provost composed " La Esmeralda," a four act opera ; 
" La Chaste Suzanne," four acts ; " Alice et Clair," three 
acts ; " Josu6," an oratrio in three parts ; " L'0rl6anaise," 
a patriotic overture ; several cantatas with full orchestral 
and choral accompaniments ; a " Solemn Mass," a " Te 
Deum," dedicated to the Queen of Spain, and for which the 
author received the grand cross of Charles the Third ; a 
" Requiem Mass," and other compositions too nmnerous to 
mention, all of which were performed here with great suc- 
cess. In 1862 Mr. Pr6vost returned to Eurojae, where, after 
filling for two seasons the post of leader of the orchestra 
in several fii-st-class theatres, he was engaged by the cele- 
brated composer, OS'enbach, as leader of his theatre, " Les 
Bouifes Parisiens," which position he subsequently relin- 
quished for the leadership of the grand concerts of the 
" Champs Elysees," in Paris. Since his return to New 
Orleans, Mr. Eugene Prevost has devoted himself almost 
exclusively to teaching, and the eagerness with which his 
lessons are sought after is the best evidence of the excel- 
lence of his method, and of the gratifying results he has 
obtained. It may safely be asserted that to no single 
individual is our community more deeply indebted for the 
excellent musical taste and the general cultivation of that 
most fascinating of the fine aits than to Mr. Eugene Pre- 
vost. Should Mr. Placide Canonge succeed in engaging an 
operatic company for the season of 1872-3, it is gratifying 
to know that the orchestra will be under the experienced 
leadership of the learned and accomplished musician 
whose career we have briefly sketched, and whose pre-emi- 
nent claims to the distinction are universally acknowl- 
edged by all competent judges. 

Since the foregoing sketch was written, Mr. Pr6vost has 
died. His illness was brief and his demise- was as unex- 
pected, as it was sincei-ely re retted. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 







■-■(."""-■ -^.^^^"^^ 




104 CANAL STREET. 



■:o:- 



This is the oldest and undoubtedly 
one of the strongest, if not the first 
in point of capital and resources, of 
all the Insurance companies of New 
Orleans. It was founded in 1832, 
with Mathew Morgan as President 
and Mr. Relf as Secretary. Mr. 
Morgan having transferred his busi- 
ness to New York, Mr. Dupuy was 
elected in his place, and upon the 
death of the latter, Mr. John Pem- 
berton, who had been acting for 
some years as Secretary, was called 
to the Presidency of the Company, 
an office which he held until his 
death in 1868. Mr. Pemberton was 
a kind-hearted, genial and well- 
educated gentleman, and under his 
management the Merchants' Mutual 
Insurance Co. acquired great popu- 
larity and influence. Of his suc- 
cessor, Mr. Paul Fourchy, we have 
already spoken in no exaggerated 
terms of praise, and the present 
highly flourishing condition of the 
company, as exhibited in its annual 
statement, as well as the large divi- 
dends paid during the past years to 
its patrons are the best evidence that 
could be produced of the faithful and 
able manner in which the affairs of 
the Company are now conducted. 
Wliilst giving full credit to Mr. 
Fourchy and the Board of Directors 
presided over by him for the success 
of the Mutual Insurance Co., the 
services of its young and popular Secretary, Mr. G. 
W. Nott, should not be overlooked. Mr. Nott is the 
grandson of W. Nott, Esq., one of the merchant princes 
of New Orleans half a century ago, and on his mother's 
side of the late distinguished Judge Jean Francois Canonge, 
whose eminence as a jurist was only equalled by his ac- 
complishments as a wit and a man of the world. Of these 
ancestors Mr. G. W. Nott is no unworthy scion, and his 
friends have every reason to anticipate for him a bright 
career. 




INCORPORATED 1854. 



Gapit'al ST'@eM„ 



g w%g'\g/g fg'%g'%g/% 



■:o:- 



Hvefage Pfemiums Paid In, 



!l«©i®,ii®. 



-:o:- 



Last Dividend, lay, Wit, 



M Pes €eiv-t €a&m. 



:o:- 



Officers: 



PAUL FOURCHY, 

President, 



G. W. NOTT, 



Secretary, 



BIMEGWOmB: 



PlERE MaSPERO, 

J. M. Allen, 

D. A. ClIAFFKAIX, 

S. Z. Relf, 
L. F. Generez, 



David Mc Coard, 

P. S. WiLTZ, 

M. PriG, 

J. J. Fernandez, 

Charles LaFitte. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



171 




DR. DANIEL WARREN BRICKELL, 



Was born in Columbia, S. C, in 1824. His ancestry, of 
mixed Irish, French and English blood, were among the 
earlier settlers of the State, and his matei'nal grandfather, 
Daniel Faush, was the founder of the first newspaper in 
Columbia, which became the official organ, when that town 
was made the Capitol of South Carolina. 

Dr. Brickell I'eceived a careful classical education at the 
best schools, and graduated as a physician in the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania in 1847. 

In the fall of the same year he was passed second, in a 
list of some forty applicants, before the Naval Examining 
Board at Philadelphia, and received his Commission as an 
Assistant Surgeon in the U. S. Navy. His orders, how- 
ever, assigned him to duty at the Naval Station of Pensa- 
cola, in the place of active service afloat, which he strongly 
desired, and throwing up his Commission, he began his 
career as a practising physician in the City of New Orleans, 
in January, 1848. 

The reputation which he soon acquired as a thoughtful, 
earnest, and indefatigable student, gave him early admit- 
tance to the Charity Hospital, as one of its attending phy- 
sicians, and in the winter of 1859 he established a private 
class, and begun his distinguished career as a teacher of 
medicine. 

The success of himself and colleagues was immediate and 
marked, and in 185G he, together with Drs. Fenner, Chop- 
pin, Beard, A. & F. Penniston, J. M. Picton and Howard 
Smith, organized the New Oule.vxs School of Medicine, 
which opened with a class of 7G students. In 1860 the 
class aggregated :270, with the promise of larger numbers 
thereafter. These hopes were disappointed by the war; 
but at its close in ISGy, the college was re-opened, and at 
the death of Br. Fcnncr in 18GG, Dr. Brickell was chosen 
the Dean of the school he had helped to found, and of 



which he always was one of the chief ornaments and sup- 
ports. 

The Chair of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, which 
he so long and brilliantly filled, gave him a steadily increas- 
ing reputation in the South and West, and at his resigna- 
tion from it, in 1870, he occupied the foremost rank as a 
Gynacologist in his state and section. 

For many years Dr. Brickell was connected with the iV. 
0. Medical JVeios and Ilosintal Gazette, and with the 
Southern Journal of Medicine, as editor-in-chief, and exhi- * 
bited, during a long career and in an eminent degree, all 
the high qualifications of a successful journalist. 

As a citizen Dr. Brickell's deep interest in and capacity 
for public affairs, have won him the largest esteem and 
confidence of his fellow townsmen, who have more than 
once called him to their head in cases of the most trying 
and delicate nature. And in every relation of life, his 
lofty character, his earnest manhoood, his spotless integ- 
rity, his strong love of justice, his truthfulness, fidelity and 
generous temper have ensured him the regard and friend- 
ship of all classes. 

In stature Br. Brickell is tall and spare ; of a delicate 
frame, and nervous temperament ; but capable of unusual 
energy and endurance. His features are classically regu- 
lar, almost stern in their faultless outline, but luminous 
with an active and overflowing sensibility. A high-bred 
self-repose, a marked dignity of manner, mingled with 
much gi-ace and sweetness, and his surpassing tact, have 
given him a sure passport to general and continued favor. 
Nor is it overpraise to add that natui-e has adorned him, in 
a conspicuous degree, with those rare accomplishmerrts of 
mind and heart which go to make up the enviable ensemble 
of a successful and beloved physician. 

Dr. Brickell has been twice married and has a large 
family. 

PATRICK IRWIN. ESQ. 



This opulent and public-spirited citizen was born in the 
county of Cork, Ireland, in the year 1810. In 1829 he 
emigrated to the United States. In 1832 he came to New 
Orleans, with the progress and prosperity of which he has 
since been largely identified. In 1853, he was elected an 
Alderman of the city, and, in 1854, appointed to fill a 
vacancy created in the Louisiana Legislatiu-e by the death 
of Hon. Preston W. Farrar. 

In 1840, Mr. Irwin built, at his own expense, the Dry- 
ades Street Market, in a part of the city which was then 
little better than a wilderness, but which has since become 
one of its most populous thoroughfares. This market 
alone would be an enduring monument of his wealth, en- 
terprise and municipal ambition, had he conferred no other 
benefits on the city ; but he has added many to the list, 
which %vill cause his name often to be repeated with esteem 
and gratitude. 

In 1850, he established two lines of omnibuses, one on 
Rampart, the other on Carondelet .street, which were kept 
up for the space of from twelve to fifteen years, and were 
not only a creat comfort and convenience to our citizens in 



172 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



this warm climate, but the source of a princely income. 
When city railroads superceded the omnibus, he invested 
capital in them, and became one of their largest stockhold- 
ers. As an evidence of his abundant means, when the city, a 
few years since, proposed to dispose of its entire interest 
in the markets, he offered to purchase it, at a cost of two 
millions, two hundred thousand dollars, but the offer was 
declined. No capitalist, in New Orleans, enjoys more 
unlimited credit. 

Without maldng any pretensions to religion, Mr. Irwin 
has always, in fact, been one of the most ardent friends 
and supporters of the Roman Catholic Church in the Cres- 
cent City, and one of the most liberal contributors to its 
progress. Had it not been for his efficient aid, it is not 
perhaps too much to say, that the elegant church of St. 
John the Baptist, the Parochial School House, the Convent, 
and other edifices connected with the church, which occupy 
an entu'e square on Dryades Street, would never have been 
built. 

Mr. Irwin had not only been a purchaser, to a large 
extent, of real estate in the city, but has built many stores 
and houses on Tchoupitaulas, Natchez and Dryades streets, 
(near the Market,) and is now erecting a building on 
Gravier street, (next to Lum's Carriage Ware Room,) all 
of which edifices have added to the beauty and wealth of 
the city and the convenience of the inhabitants. 

In 1870, he was elected President of the Hibemia Bank, 
which situation he still occupies with thp reputation of a 
skilful financier and an energetic executive officer. The 
confidence reposed in him is such that he has recently also 
been elected President of the Hibernia Insurance Com- 
pany. 



ACHILLE CHIAPELLA. 



Mr. Achille Chiapella, President of the Union Insurance 
Company, is of Italian descent, his grandfather, Geronimo 
Chiapella, having come here from Geneva towards the mid- 
dle of the last century. Of his two sons, Celestin and 
Stephen Chiapella, the former, after realizing a hand- 
some fortune on his fine Sugar estate in the Parish 
of Plaquemine, went to live in France, where he purchrsed 
in the vicinity of Bordeaux, the celebrated vineyard of 
"Haut Brion, La Mission," better known to every Louisi- 
ana gourmet of the Ante Belluin period, as the place where 
was produced the superb "C C" claret, so called because 
every bottle came here lablcd with the initials of the pro- 
prietor. Stephen Chiapella, the father of the subject of 
this sketch, preferring the life of a sailor, took command 
of a merchant ship plying between New Orleans and 
Europe, where his son, Achille Chiapella, received his ed- 
ucation. Returning here, after completing his studies, Mr. 
Chiapella embraced the Notarial profession, in which he 
was very sucessful, and which he relinquished to assume 
the Presidency of the Union Insurance Company, which 
office he still continues to fill with much credit to himself 
and great advantage of the shareholders of that well man- 
aged corporation. Besides the above positions Mr. Chia- 
pella was twice elected to the City Council at a period 



when that body was composed of many of our best and 
most intelligent citizens, and in which his knowledge of 
business, strict integrity and a thorough acquaintance with 
the wants of the city enabled him to render valuable ser- 
vice to the community. 

H« was one of the originators of the Opelousas Railroad 
and acted for a short period as its President. He was also 
the founder and presiding officer of the first Oddfellow's 
lodge established below Canal street. 

Mr. Chiapella is yet in the full vigor of manhood, having 
been born in 1813. In addition to his laborious duties as 
President of the Union Insurance Company, he also fills 
the position of Director of our most important Banking 
Institution — the Citizen's Bank. 

Affable in his manners, and generous in his hospitality, 
he is a gentleman of cultivated taste, a lover of the Fine 
Arts, and a liberal patron of artists and musicians. When 
the Opera Company was formed, Mr. Chiapella was selected 
as one of the Directors, and was retained in that position 
until 1871, when he declined a reelection. 

If the Union Insui'ance Company owes much' to its ac- 
complished President, the latter has been fortunate in se- 
curing the services of its intelligent and popular Secretary, 
Mr. J. M. Crawford, a son of the late John Crawford, for- 
merly Her B. Majesty's Consul in New Orleans, where he 
left a large circle of attached friends, and gave unlimited 
satisfaction to the mercantile community. 



PROF. G. COLLIGNON. 



Mu. GusTAVE CoLLiGKOK, was bom in Rennes, Brit- 
tany, in 1818, and entered the "Conservatoire de Musique" 
— the most celebrated musical school in the world — in 1824. 
His teachers were : Zimmerman for the piano, and Bar- 
bereau for hormony and composition ; the last named pro- 
fessor, ( whose daughter M. Collignon afterwards married,) 
being the author of the best and most complete treatise on 
musical composition ever published. In 1837. Mr. Collig 
non lef the Conservatoire after receiving the first prize in 
his class, and in 1848, he was induced by Mr. Davis, then 
manager of the French Opera, to come to New Orleans, 
where he soon became known as an accomplished musical 
instructor, and when he established in 1857 the Classical 
Musical Society, which has been lately revived, and of 
which M. Collignan is still the leader, and the moving 
spirit. 

In addition to his numerous professional engagements, 
M. Collignan is the Musical Director and Organist of the 
Church of the Immaculate Conception on Barronne street, 
where many ladies and gentlemen, constituting the elite 
of our musical amateurs may be heard every Sunday. One 
of the greatest attractions of these religious concerts, it 
is proper to add, is the magnificent voice, faultless style 
and impressive singing of Madame Comes, M. Collignan's 
daughter and pupil — a young lady who possesses a soprano 
voice, ranging with ease from the lower B flat to E flat 
above the line, and whose musical attainments are worthy 
of the splendid vocal gifts bestowed upon her. 

Having lived in New Orleans for nearly a quarter of a 
century, M. Collignan justly considers himself a Louisi- 
anian. As a gentleman and as an artist, there is no one 
who stands higher, or who enjoys a larger share of the es- 
teem of the conamunity 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




il4¥ WTATWM 41© OlliSllf S411. 



The corner stone of the above statue was laid by the 
Clay Statue Association of New Orleans on the 12th of 
April, 1856. 

The inauguration, which called out one of the giandest 
and largest public gathings that ever took place in New Or- 
leans, was on the r2th of April, 1860. On that occasion. 
Col. J. B. Walton acted as Grand Marshal and Col. J. O. 
Nixon as First Assistant Marshal. 

J. Q. A. Fellows appeard at the head of the Masons as 
Grand Master. 

Gerard Stith, now of the " Pecayune " office, was Mayor of 
the city at that time. 

Joel T. Hart, of Kentuky, the artist who gave form and 
proportions to the Clay Statue, was present at the inaugu- 
ration. 

Wm. H. Hunt, Esq., was orator of the day. 

He said, that in 1852, a number of public spirited citi- 
zens determined to erect a bronze statue of Henry Clay. 
They entrusted the work of making the statue to Joel T. 
Hart, of Kentucky. 

" We are here to-day to dedicate this statue, the statue 
of Henry Clay." 

" Behold, his life-like image stands before you. No 
royal robes adorn his person ; no crown, no sceptre, no 
badges of ancestral glory. No sword is by his side to tell 
of battles fought and won ; no baton to indicate the pomp 
and power of authority. 

" A plain man in the simple garments of a citizen ; his 



image challeges not our admiration through the adventi- 
tious aids of rank, or the tinsel ornaments of military glory. 
But he stands before us as we knew him, as we loved and 
honored him, the embodiment of the genius, of the wisdom, 
of the eloquence, of the courage, of the public virtue, of 
self-sacrifice, of the patriotism which filled the measure of 
his country's glory, and made his name and his fame im- 
mortal." 

" A circle of fifty feet in diameter, surmounted with an 
iron railing, and a flight of hexagon shape granite steps, 
each one smaller than the one on which it rests, forms the 
foundation on which the pedestal and statue rest. The 
pedestal, like the firm foundation, is of granite, fitting em- 
blem of the lasting fame of the subject of the lasting figure 
which stands upon its top. 

" The statue itself is a perfect likeness of the illustrious 
statesman. Its height is about fifteen feet. This, with the 
height of the foundation circle, steps and pedestal, makes 
it stand some forty feet high, an ornament to our grand 
and beautiful thoroughfare. Canal street." 



CRESCENT HALL. 



This building was originally erected by Cornelius Pauld- 
ing, Esq., about the year 1826. In 1858 it was purchased 
by Mrs. Cora A. Slocomb, and remodeled into a hotel, 
known as the " Merchants." In 1865, Col. A. W. Merriam 
transformed it into a Billiard Hall. 



JEWELL'S CRECENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



175 




HUGH McCLOSKEY, ESQ. 



Since the publication of this work was begun the peo- 
ple of New Orleans have lost one of their noblest citizens, 
Hugh McCloskey, who died in his residence, on St. Charles 
Street, on the 2Sth January last, in the fifty-eighth year of 
his age. 

Mr. McCloskey was a native of Dungiven, in the coun- 
ty Derry, Ireland, the same village in which the dis- 
tinguished Irish patriot and exile, John Mitchell, was born. 
Mr. McCloskey's father was a shoemaker, who, in Dun- 
given and the country about, was universally known as 
" Honest George McCloskey," a title bestowed upon him, 
by his neighbors, because of a just, good and blameless life. 

Hugh had a good English education, which was finished 
at the Royal College at Belfast. His father's means being 
insufficient to send him to that institution, while yet a 
stripling, he earned enough himself, by teaching in his na- 
tive place, to accomplish that object, and, late in life, when 
he appeared as a public writer to expose and denounce the 
political wrongs the people of his city and State were suf- 
fering, his terse and efi"ective compositions, betrayed the 
culture of his early years. 

When but little over age his eyes turned to America, as 
the eyes of so many had before and so many have since, as 
the Mecca of the poor, the industrious and the enterprising. 
He landed in one of the northern cities, whence, Jailing 
to find employment, he wended his way to the South and 
arrived in New Orleans, on Christmas day, 1838. A 
stranger, without a friend or acquaintance, in his new home, 
his purse light, unable to find a situation for which his edu- 
cation fitted him, he was constrained to seek any employment 
that he could get, rather than incur debt. He was wont, when 
prosperous and influential, to refer back to this period of 
his life, with a pride, which was commendable. Although 
of a slender frame and a by no means vigorous constitu- 
tion, he worked as a laborer, laying gas pipes, in the streets 



of the city, and, month after month he toiled, with blistered 
hands, rather than eat the bread of dependence. 

After a while he fell into a small ready-made clothing 
business, on the Levee, but did not succeed. Then he be- 
came an employe of Mr. Stevenson, who kept a soda and 
meal establishment, at the corner of Exchange Alley and 
Custom House streets, noted for the purity and excellence 
of the beverages. To that business Mr. McCloskey suc- 
ceeded, and, thenceforth, was invariably a prosperous man, 
never relinquishing the traflc in which fortune first favored 
him. 

Modest and unobtrusive, it was not until the year the 
civil war closed that public attention was drawn to the me- 
rits of this valuable citizen. His manly bearing, during 
the war, in maintaining his opinions, as a supporter of the 
Confederate cause, and his generous benevolences to the 
unfortunate, during that distressing period, impressed his 
fellow citizens with a high respect for his character and at- 
tracted the afiectionate regard of good people in every 
rank of society. Upon the re-organization of the State 
government that year, he was, by a large majority, elected 
a delegate to represent the Third Ward, in the House of 
Representatives of the General Assembly. That Legisla- 
ture of 1865-66, was distinguished in the annals of Louisi- 
ana for the high order of its average ability, for the moral 
elevation by which its deliberations were guided, and by 
the dignity with which its proceedings were conducted. 
Take it, in every aspect, no law-making body superior to 
it, has ever been assembled in any part of the Union and 
its equal has been rarely seen. It is not a small compli- 
ment to say that in that assemblage, Hugh McCloskey 
exercised no inconsiderable influence. He was an active 
member of several important committees, and he showed 
that with the private excellences which made him so esti- 
mable, he had talents and aptitudes for political affaii's, 
which rendered him a most useful public servant. 

Now the calls upon him to give his attention to matters, 
more or less public in their nature, became frequent. He 
assisted in organizing a company, which is pennanently 
established, to secure, by importation, a constant and 
sufficient supply of ice for the city, and was one of the first 
directors. At a critical time with the Canal and Claiborne 
streets Railroad Company, he was chosen a director, and 
was largely instrumental in saving the corporation from 
bankruptcy and ruin. He was among those who initiated 
the project of the Hibernia Bank, a very successful institu- 
tion, of which he became a Director and Vice-President. 
The last useful scheme of this sort, in which he was a 
pioneer, was the Hibernia Insurance Company, qf which 
he was the first President. His services, in every one of 
these associations, were gratuitous. He sought none of 
these distinctions in business life, nor did he accept them 
as a money monger, for, personally, he adhered to the law 
of the middle ages, which forbade the lending of money on 
interest. Nor could he be prevailed upon, whatever the 
temptation of gain, to connect himself with any of those 
legislative schemes and monopolies, which have so multi- 
plied since the General Assembly of 1865 and 1866, for 
public plunder, although repeatedly solicited and urged to 



176 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



do so. He -would touch nothing that was adverse to the 
interests of the people. 

So much in regard to him as a business man, a legisla- 
tor, and. a projector. We now come to his personal char- 
acteristics. He led no campaign, he made no notable 
speech, he wrote no book, he discovered no new principle 
in science or in art, nevertheless he is worthy of high 
eulogium, for he was one of the most exemplary and valua- 
ble citizens we have ever known, possessing moral traits 
which are very rarely found united in any one man. 

He accumulated a handsome fortune, in a calling com- 
monly thought belittling, which he had the sterling sense 
to stick to after he became affluent. Engaged in trade, 
during the greater part of his manhood, ciud successful in 
it, he was never known to utter an untruth or practice a 
deception. Profoundedly and practically religious fe'^ 
knew it, since the dawn of day was his favorite hour for 
attending mass, the hour when the lowly and the unosten- 
tatious, in the Catholic church, usually attend divine ser- 
vice. He was never known to tui'n away the distressed or 
the unfortunate with an empty hand or a cold look. In 
his own poverty and hardships he did not forget the duties 
of charity. As he 'prospered he became generous, and as 
he grew affluent his benevolences were munificent. The 
severe struggles of his youth did not harden his heart, nor 
did his advanced years bring with them avarice. 

His life was sacrificed in the performance of a public 
duty, voluntarily undertaken, at the instance of his fellow 
citizens. As one of the great committee sent to Washing- 
ton, to procure from the Federal authorities a redress of 
political grievances, he remained in the North several 
weeks, laboring in the cause with his accustomed zeal and 
enthusiasm, and in the extreme rigor of the weather, dur- 
ing December and January, he contracted a disorder, 
which resulted in his death, soon after his return. What- 
ever he was enlisted in, whether to advance the interests 
of a friend, to perfect some project of public utility, to aid 
a charity or to promote good government, his noble mini 
was absorbed in the matter until success attended his 
efforts, or until success was obviously impossible. And all 
this with the most perfect disinterestedness, entirely void 
of political ambition or design of pecuniary advantage. 

No wonder that his funeral was a demonstration almost 
unequaled in its kind, in New Orleans. Hundreds of his 
good deeds that had been hidden, came to light when he 
was no more in this world. The beneficiaries and other 
inmates of most of the charitable institutions in the city, 
participated in the obituary ceremonies, and a great multi- 
tude surrounded his late dwelling, attesting, in evei-y be- 
coming way, the respect and veneration in which the 
memory of the good man and public-siiirited citizen was 
held by all classes, by all nationalities, by all creeds. 



THE FORT ST. PHILIP CANAL. 



Algieks is the great work-shop of New Orleans, for the 
building and repairing of vessels. It has its dry docks, and 
other facilities for the most extensive operations. In busi- 
ness times, it presents a scene of activity that is seldom 
observed in any other part of these regions, and reminds 
one of the bustling and enterprise of the North. 



The Mississij)pi river has three principal outlet chan- 
nels. They are the pass I'Outre, N.E., S.E., South, and 
West passes. Of these passes, the Southwest, is most 
used by vessels of the deepest draught, and this channel 
has been for two years past kept at a depth of 19-^ feet by 
dredge boats, built and worked at the expense of the Fed- 
eral Government. One vessel drawing 22 feet has entered 
the channel during the past season (1872). The navigation 
is, however, deemed precarious, and demands a more per- 
manent outlet. Soundings at the north of the navigable 
channels of the Mississippi, run back for a century and a 
half, and show a bar of from one to two thousand feet 
across, with depth of from eleven to thirteen feet on the 
bars. It is the regimen of the river essential to regula- 
tions of its current. This depth on the bar continues 
though the bar itself advances annually into the gulf — 
the bar and outlet being over twelve miles lower down 
than it was a centuiy and a half ago, while the water above 
the bar is from 60 to 50 feet deep. With this perpetual 
tendency to obstruction, the suspension of the dredge for 
even a short period allows the channel to fill, so that there 
has been at one time a number of ships loaded with cotton 
and other merchandize stranded on these bars, to the 
great detriment of the city and shipping interest. These 
obstacles long since led to scientific discussions, as to the 
best means of relieving navigation. Experiments and es- 
timates were made for concentrating the current by wing 
draws, and caissons, lightering vessels, by canals and dredg- 
ing. About the year 1832, Mr. Buisson, a civil engineer 
in the service of Louisiana, proposed to flank the passes 
by a ship canal leading from the river at a point about 27 
miles above its mouth, into a deep water harbor in the 
gulf, a distance of seven miles. The studies and estimates 
of Mr. Buisson were adopted by the Legislature of Louisi- 
ana and Congress was asked to cause an examination 
of the practicability and cost of the work. A report was 
made by the topographical Bureau in 1837, expressing his 
opinion that the canal could be built at a cost of 810,000,000. 
This was an impossible sum at that period, and the prospect 
fell. About the year 1858-59, Mr. Montagu, a civil engi- 
neer, renewed the proposals, fortified by a re-sirrvey and 
estimates, and proposed the formation of a joint stock 
company to construct the work and conduct the trade, for 
a compensation to be collected from tolls on the commer- 
cial tonnage. This plan, favored by the Insurances offices 
and the Chamber of Commerce, was prevented by the war, 
but was renewed in an application to Congress for a sur- 
vey, and appropriations to construct the canal as a nation- 
al ship canal, open in free passage to all vessels. The ag- 
gregate endowments mentioned were confirmed by a sur- 
vey, made by the Federal government in 1871-72, with an 
estimate of cost at $6,000,000. A bill has been printed 
for this object at the present session of Congress. All the 
Western cities favor this work, and the National Board of 
Trade at its New York session, imanimously recommeded 
its construction. 

The permanent deepening of this outlet his assumed 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




P. F. HERWIG, ESQ., 

DEPUTY COLLECTOR. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



OFFICE OF THE 

LOUISIANA STATE LOTTERY COMPANY, 




NEW ORLEANS. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



179 



new importance, since the immense increase in the pro- 
duction of corn in the States so distant from the sea board. 
From the western verge of this cereal area, it now costs 
from fifty-five to sixty cents to place a bushel in the mar- 
kets of Europe. This leaves so small a balance to the 
credit of the cultivator, that com is not worth in Iowa 
more than twenty cents a bushel. In some cases it has 
come to be used in the place of fuel. This cost of trans- 
portation is increased by the gi-eat quantity of corn sent 
forward just before and just after the ice blockade, it 
being greatly in excess of the motion stock. At this point 
the Mississippi aflfords a way always open and always ade- 
quate to this immense commerce. It thus becomes a regu- 
lator of freight on other waters. Now, as the rate of 
freight is always proportioned to the capacity of the ocean- 
vessel, it is plain that with a depth of thirty-five feet, pro- 
posed to be given by the outlet, canal vessels of such bur- 
den could be put in the bulk grain trade, as would carry 
from 90 to 100,000 bushels. The reduction of freight re- 
sulting from this enlargement of vehicles, would extend 
the cereal productions much further west, and add a value 
to the material domain much greater than the cost of the 
work, necessary to eflfeet it. 

As a general proposition ; the outlet to 850,000 square 
miles, occupied by little less that 20,000,000 of people, and 
producing $2,000,000 annually, should be opened without 
regard to cost. It may be remarked that it is the only ob- 
struction to the principal navigable waters of the Missis- 
sippi, which remain to be provided for by the government. 
The Des Moines Rapids, the Falls of the Ohio and the 
Muscle Shoals of the Tennessee, being all completed or 
under construction. 

The outlet canal completed, this noble river will be thrown 
open to commerce from its mouth, along its whole naviga- 
ble courses, free from natui-al obstacles or tolls. In this 
result the whole Union is interested. 



NAPOLEON JOSEPH PERCHlfi, 

AECH-BISHOP OF NEW OELEAWS. 



On'E of the most disastrous draw-backs of biographical 
literature is, that the individuals, who most prominently 
figure in it, are precisely those who have done the least 
good or the most harm to humanity. The world's real 
benefactors have a peculiar secret in which they wrap 
themselves, just as if they were ashamed even of the 
treachery of eflfects in betraying them as their cause. To 
this modest but truly illustrious class of men, the subject 
of this sketch belongs, and, in our succinct notice of his 
beneficent career, we here assert, unhesitatingly, that he 
occupies in it no secondary place. 

Napoleon Joseph Perche was born of pious and honor- 
able parents at Angers, the capitol of the Department of 
Maerie-et-Soire, formerly called Anjou, on the 10th of Jan- 
uary, in the year 1805. He was educated in the same city 
and in colleges of the vicinity; was ordained priest in 1829; 



came to the United States in 1837; was four years in the 
Missions of Kentucky; came to New Orleans in January, 
1842; remained as Chaplain to the Nuns of the Ursuline 
Convent till 1870, when he was appointed Coadjutor to 
Arch-bishop Odin atm, jure succesionis; was consecrated on 
the 1st of May of the same year; at the death of Arch- 
bishop Odin, succeeded him, and received the pallium 
from his Holines, Pius IX, in December, 1870. 

Arch-bishop Perche is largely identified with the history 
of religion and religious institutions, both in France and 
America, during the present century. The developments 
of his powerful intellect appeared at a very early period of 
his life. He read the French language with facility at four 
years of age. At fifteen, he studied philosophy with en- 
thusiasm. At eighteen, he was promoted to a Professor- 
ship of it, and wore its mantle with grace and dignity. 
He is equally distinguished as a divine and a canonist. In 
the former august character, he writes French unction 
with intellectual vigor in the highest degree. 

We do not know for which to admire this great man 
most, the paternity which he displays in the sphere of 
parochial and diocesan duty, or the championship he ex- 
hibits in the conduct of theological arguments. The char- 
acteristic traits of his genius are amenity and force. 

He thinks for a whole community, and his afi'ections are 
as difiusive as his thoughts. He understands the power 
exerted, in a free coimtry, by the press as well as the pul- 
pit, and has, for many years, been at the head of a catholic 
press in this city (which is his own property), and which 
has exerted immense influence. He is a charming conver- 
sationalist, always bringing wit, learning, good humor, 
knowledge of the world, and a varied experience to em- 
bellish his discourse. 

Though a Frenchman by nativity, he is thoroughly iden- 
tified with America and her institutions, and has attained 
to the mastery of a pure, forcible and elegant English 
style, which places him in the front rank of American 
writers. Nothing can be more finished than the Archi- 
episcopal letters which he, from time to time, communi- 
cates, when the condition of the Church requires it, to the 
numerous parishes in his diocese, and which, by all liberal 
and discriminating men outside of the Catholic church, as 
well as within its circles, are nearly equally admired, not 
only for their literary execution, but for the genial and 
apostolic tone which pervades them. 

In looking through the annals of this time-honored 
Church for representative men, we find that there is one 
individual whom Arch-bishop Perch6 strongly resembles — 
we allude to Leo Tenth, who, to the manner and refine- 
ment of a polished gentleman, added the impressive carri- 
age of a dignified ecclesiastic, equally cognizant of the 
affairs of the world and of the Church. We believe his 
Grace is on terms of excellent understanding with Pius 
Ninth, the Catholic Head of Christendom, whom he visited 
at Rome during his recent troubles, and that there is no 
dignitary of the Church, in the United States, in whom 
his Holiness places more entire confidence for upholding 
its integrity, maintaining its unsullied honor, and securing 
its triumphs over its enemies, than Arch-bishop Perch6. 



180 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



JOHN DAVIDSON, ESQ. 



John DATtDSON, the subject of this memoir, was the 
eldest son of James Davidson, of Dundee, Scotland, at 
which place John was bom, on the 13th of December, 
1816. His father emigrated to this country, in the year 
1818, and settled at Monticello, in the State of New York. 
After an unsatisfactory trial of farming, he determined to 
embark in the slate business, in the city of New York ; 
and for that purpose, made his home anew in that wonder- 
ful centre of industry, wealth and enterprise. It was there, 
amid the excitements and energy of the most rapidly de- 
veloping emporium of the world, that the childhood and 
youth of our subject was passed. It was there, under 
those influences, that his character, which was afterward 
so distinguished by earnestness, energy, and practical 
judgment, was formed. 

He received a good grammar-school education, and, at 
an early age, became connected with his father in business. 
It was not long before his intelligence, strict reliability and 
indefatigable industry made him complete master of that 
business, and placed upon his young shoulders the respons- 
ibility of its management. 

At the age of twenty-two years, when most young men 
are commencing life, he left New York, and came to our 
sister city, MobUe, a complete business man. Mr. John 
Lyall, whose death has been so recently recorded^ and who 
was so universally respected in this community, was then 
actively engaged here in the importation of slates. He 
was an intimate and old friend of the Davidson family, and 
had formed for young Davidson a strong friendship, which, 
as it was founded on respect for his real sterling merit, 
lasted through his entire life. 

Mr. Davidson visited this city soon after he reached Mo- 
bile, and, in fulfilment of a promise made years before, 
called to see Mr. Lyall, and laid before him the plans and 
purposes of his opening career in the sunny South. The 
restdt was the immediate formation of a partnership be- 
tween them, and thus commenced the history of a commer- 
cial firm whose standing and credit has never been sur- 
passed in this busy mart of commerce. None of our old 
merchants will need an introduction to the firm of Lyall & 
Davidson. The story of their success and rapid growth in 
wealth, is inter-woven with the commercial history of the 
State. They were engaged, from 1839, when the partner- 
ship was formed, in the importation of slates from the 
quarries of Wales, and supplied, to a large extent, the 
whole southern market, and, indeed, the whole country 
bordering upon the Mississippi river, until 1850, when 
John Lyall retired from the firm with handsome capital, 
which he embarked in sugar planting on Bayou Lafourche. 
He was succeeded by James C. Davidson, a younger, and 
only, brother of John Davidson, and the style of the firm 
was then changed to J. & J. C. Davidson. From 1850 to 
the commencement of the war in 1861, the career of the 
new firm was one of unparalleled succses in that line of 
business — yielding immense profits and rapidly enriching 
both partners. Their importations amounted to over two- 
thirds of the entire importations to the United States. 



This business was conducted and developed by their good 
judgment and clear business sense. By well-directed 
movements and combinations, coupled with perfect mer- 
cantile reliability, they succeeded in bringing to New Or- 
leans almost the entire control of this most valuable trade; 
thereby not only enriching themselves, and adding largely 
to the prosperity of the state, but at the same time setting 
an example, in the imitation of which by our people the 
material prosperity of Louisiana may yet be greatly en- 
hanced. 

The practical character of Mr. Davidson led him to make 
the safest investments of his capital, and, when the recent 
war commenced, it found him the owner of an immense 
amount of real property in and around New Orleans. He 
also had a large planting interest in the adjoining parish 
of St. Bernard. He sufi'ered severely from the war. His 
property was taken possession of by the federal forces and 
large assessments laid upon him by the commanding ofiB- 
cers of the Union army on account of his known sympa- 
thies with the confederate cause. He lost a large negro 
property, and was compelled to abandon his business dur- 
ing the occupancy of the city by the federal forces ; but, 
such was the good sense displayed by the investment of 
his means, that, at the close of the war, he was stUl a man 
of large wealth. 

So soon as he could make his arrangements to recom- 
mence business, his brother having retired, he formed a 
partnership with his nephew. Col. James D. HUl, a gallant 
and highly distinguished young officer of the confederate 
army, and the business of the firm was resumed under the 
style of J. Davidson & Hill. On the third day of January, 
1872, his life, which had been a singularly useful and hap- 
py one, was brought to a sudden close by one of the most 
shocking calamities that ever startled this community. He 
was driving, in his buggy, upon the streets of New Orleans 
in the forenoon of the day, when he was most unexpectedly 
overtaken by a dummy-engine, drawing freight cars 
through the city, and, in attempting to escape from the 
perilous situation in which he was placed, jumped from the 
buggy and fell. He was struck by some portion of the 
train and so severely injured that death quickly ensued. 

He was a member of the Presbyterian church. By a 
strange coincidence, one year from the day of his funeral 
services were conducted by Rev. Dr. Palmer, a like solemn 
duty was performed by the same divine over the remains 
of Mr. Lyall, who had died while visiting his old partner's 
homestead and family in the city of New Orleans. 

His strongly marked qualities, both of head and heart, 
had made a deep impression upon the people of this city, 
and the news of his death was received everywhere, and by 
all classes, with unfeigned sorrow. The death of such a 
man at such a time, was indeed a public calamity. He not 
only possessed large means, but was full of enterprise, and, 
up to the last day of his life, was earnestly engaged in 
pushing forward every project which promised relief to 
our suffering people. There was nothing little or contract- 
ed about him. His views, upon all subjects of public inter- 
est, were broad and enlightened, and he never refused to 
embark his means freely in reasonable ventures for the 









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JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



183 



restoration of our lost prosperity. He gave his time and 
counsel, without stint, upon all important public commit- 
tees, and although for years before his deathman invalid, 
yet he never failed to appear with punctuality at the coun- 
cil board of our various public institutions with which he 
was connected. But the supreme virtue of his character, 
to those who knew him best, was the loveliness of his pri- 
vate life. At home, he was the centre of happiness in a 
family circle of more than ordinary attractiveness. He 
was always cheerful, and, though by nature painfully sens- 
itive, he bore all the vexations incident to such an active 
life as his was, with a quiet patience and gentleness which 
diffused around him a spirit of contentment. Such a man 
was John Davidson, and our country would be happier far 
if there were more such characters to delineate. 



H. C. CASTELLANOS. 



This eloquent criminal lawyer was bom in New Orleans 
on the 12th of December, 1827. 

He was educated at Georgetown College (D. C.,) and at 
St. Mary's, Baltimore, where he graduated with the degree 
of Bachelor of Arts, in 1847. 

In 1848 he was admitted to the bar of New Orleans, and 
belonged to the first class of graduates in the University 
of Louisiana, his classmates being George Eustis, D. C. La- 
batt, Peniston and others. 

At the age of twenty-four, he was elected delegate to the 
Constitutional Convention of 1852. 

He was Editor of the " Louisiana Courier," of the " New 
Orleans Delta " and the founder of the. " Attakapas Re- 
gister. 

As a criminal lawyer it is conceded that he has not a 
superior in the State. 

— ' m < » I ^ ■ 

JAMES McCONNELL. 



This accomplished lawyer and worthy gentleman, is a 
native of Louisiana. He was educated at Washington 
College, Penn., and is a graduate of the Law Department 
of the University of Louisiana, having begun the practice 
of the law in this city in 1852. 

During the late war he served as a Lieutenant in the 
First Regiment Louisiana Heavy Artillery. 

He also served in the Legislatures of 1866 and '67. 

Devoted entirely to the practice of his profession, in 
which he has attained success, he eschews politics and is 
quite popular. 

Mr. McConnell is a vigorous speaker. The character of 
his argument is more of the solid and sensible than of the 
sensational and can be relied on usually. He has a noble 
heart located in the right place. 



The education of youth is of the utmost importance to a 
country — especially to one like this, that should be gov- 
erned by the intelligence of its citizens. The portals to 
learning should be thrown wide open, equally to all — for 
upon knowledge is based the beautiful temple of liberty. 
Tear away this foundation and the fair edifice must fall. 



GEN. ALBERT G. BLANCHARD. 



General Blakchard, a distinguished Civil Engineer 
of this city, graduated at the West Point Military Academy, 
in the year 1829, in the 3d United States Infantry. -In 
1832, he married Miss Susan T. Thompson, from whom de- 
scended two children, a son, the Rev. H. Blanchard, of 
Lowell, and Mrs. S. B. Elder, one of our most popular 
Southern poets,known as " Hermine." 

He married, a second time, Madamoiselle Herminie Bene- 
vist la Salle, from whom descended fifteen children, some of 
whom are living. 

General Blanchard left the Army in 1840, and engaged in 
commerce until 1846, during which time he was an efficient 
Director of the Public Schools of New Orleans. 

In 1846, he entered the Army as Captain of the 2nd Reg- 
iment of Louisiana Volunteers and went to Mexico. On 
the disbanding of General Smith's Brigade, he raised a com- 
pany, called the Phoenix Company of Louisiana, served as 
the representative of Louisiana at the storming of Monterey 
and was complimented in General Orders, and subsequently 
at the siege of Vera Cruz, where the company was mustered 
out, theu- time having expired. He was then appointed 
Captain of Voltigeurs, which post he declined, but accepted 
that of Major of the 12th United States Infantry, in which 
capacity he served till the close of the war. 

Returning to civil life, he became a teacher in the Pub- 
lic Schools, and was elected District Surveyor of Municip- 
ality No. 2, and Surveyor , on the death of G. T. Dunbar, 
Esq., who had previously occupied that position. He was 
subsequently, elected Deputy Surveyor of the City of New 
Orleans, and filled the place untU the year 1854. 

He is a Fellow, and was one of the original founders of 
the New Orleans Academy of Sciences. 

From 1854, to 1861, he was Secretary and Manager of 
the Carrollton Railroad Company. 

In 1861, on the occurrence of the late war was elected Col- 
onel of the 1st Confederate Regiment from Louisiana, and 
went to Virginia. In September 1861, he was promoted to 
the office of Brigadier General, served through the war in 
Virginia, Louisiana, South Carolina and North Carolina, be- 
ing in the last great battle of the war at Bentonsville, 
North Corolina. 

Since then, he has been directly engaged in engineering 
on the Opelousas Railroad and the City Railroads, and in 
the City Surveyor's Department as Deputy Surveyor. 

None of our citizens has led a life of more activity and 
usefulness than General Blanchard. Equally noted in 
military and civil life, he will never fail to be mentioned as 
one who has done the State good service, and his works and 
the shining record of them, are of a character to resist the 
corroding influence of Time. Of unobtrusive manners, his 
sole ambition seems to have been to perform all the duties 
devolving on him as the head of a family, a private citizen, 
and a member of the Commonwealth, constantly employed 
in the Public Service. His habits of temperance have 
preserved his health and strength, and, though past the 
prime of life, he is ready for any enterprise, and capable of 
any. 



184 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



PROFESSOR GREGORIO CURTO. 



Professor Gregorio Curto is, we believe, the oldest teacher 
of musical composition and singing now living in New Or- 
leans, where he arrived in 1830, and where he has resided 
uninterruptedly ever since. Mr. Curto is a native of Spain, 
but received his musical education in Paris, where he was 
admitted at a very early age into the celebrated Singing 
School of Choron, and had for his fellow pupils Dupuy, 
Monpou, Scudo, Mari6, Rosina Stoltz, and a host of other 
musical and artistic celebrities. In one of his most charm- 
ing feitUletoiis, published about fifteen years ago, Scudo 
relates a visit paid by Choron to the Minister of the House- 
hold (under whose superintendence all artistic and operatic 
matters were then placed), in company with three of his 
favorite pupils, his object being to give to that official a 
practical demonstratian of the efficiency and success of his 
method of teaching. The Duke De Larochefoucauld, the 
then Minister, was a man of taste and artistic accomplish- 
ments, and so well pleased was he with the performances 
of Choron's pupUs that he forthwith granted a Hberal ap- 
propriation for the support of the school. Young Curto 
was one of the scholars who figured upon the occasion, 
Dupuy and Scudo completing the trio. Before he had 
completed his fourteenth year, Mr. Curto received the ap- 
pointment of organist of the Cathedral of Soissons, which 
he relinquished one year later to resume the study of 
musical composition with his old teacher, Choron, acting 
at the saane time as " Maitre de Chapelle" at the church of 
the " Sorbonne," then a favorite place of worship for the 
Parisian beaic monde. In 1830, Mr. Curto made a highly 
successful debut at the Italian Opera in Rossini's " Gazza 
Ladra," and shortly after was engaged as prima basso can- 
tante by Mr. Davis, then manager of the Orleans Theatre. 
In this capacity Mr. Curto remained here for two seasons, 
performing with great success in " La Dame Blanche," 
" L'ltaliana in Algieri," " Anna Bolina," the " Huguenots,' 
and also acting occasionally in Racine and CorneUle's clas- 
sical pieces, in connection with the distinguished trage- 
dienne, Madame Closel, whom he subsequently married. 
In 1833, Mr. Curto left the stage to devote himself entirely 
to teaching and musical composition. Of his very great 
success as a teacher of vocal music no better proof is 
needed than the fact that two of his pupils. Mile. Minnie 
Hauck and Mme. Fleuiy Urban have already achieved a 
European reputation, and that another one, Mme. Durand 
Hitchcock, bids fair to obtain very so,-n a no l»iss eij viable 
position as a lyrical artist. As a composer, Mr. Curto 
has written many operas and oratorios, several of which 
have been performed with great success in this coun- 
try and in Europe. Among the latter may be cited 
" Le nouvel Ermite," three acts, performed in 1832 ; 
"Amour et Folie," three acts (1834) ; " Sardanapale," two 
acts and three tableaux (1838) ; " L'H6riti6re," two acts ; 
" La Mort de Jeanne D'Arc," two acts ; " Le L6preup," a 
dramatic scene, the words by Placide Canonge, and " La 
Mort d'Abel," oratorio, composed in 1866. We would ex- 
ceed the limits of this sketch were we to enumerate Mr. 
Curto's church music, in which we find three Stabats, one 



intended exclusively for female voices, over fifty Masses, 
ten of which have been published, and more than two hun- 
dred motet^soloa, duetts, trios, quintettes, etc. His Stabat 
No. 1 was lately performed with great success at the church 
of St. Eustache in Paris, and his grand Mass of the Im- 
maculate Conception, with full orchestra, was repeated 
three times in the same church. Professor Curto is the 
organist of St. Anne's Church, on St. Philip street, and 
still devotes a portion of his time to a select class of pupils 
who have prevailed upon him to give them the benefit of 
his invaluable services as a teacher of vocal music. As a 
master of this art, Mr. Curto occupies a very high rank in 
this country, and as far as this city is concerned, there is 
no one, with the single exception of Mr. Eugene Pr6vost, 
who can dispute the palm with liim as a professor and 
composer. 



NAPIER BARTLETT, ESQ. 



Mr. Napier Bartlett for many years connected with the 
press of this city, and now the proprietor of the Claiborne 
Advocate, may be said to have inherited the editorial. 
His father, Myron Bartlett, established, fifty years ago, the 
Macon Telegraph, at the present day one of the most-pros- 
perous in Georgia, and his uncle, Cosam Emir Bartlett, is 
spoken of in " Sparks' Fifty Years' Recollections " as the 
leader of his party in that State. 

Mr. Napier Bartlett graduated at Andover, Mass., in 
1854, and had for his fellow students Edwin L. Jewell, 
Tobias Gibson, and many other Southern youth, who have 
since obtained honorable preeminence. His first essay as 
an editor, was in connection with a paper then published 
by a literary society, and to the management of which he 
was elected by his classmates. 

After being admitted to the bar in Georgia, and grad- 
uating in the Law Department of the University of Loui- 
siana, Mr. Bartlett published the Atlanta Confederacy, 
two years before the name was applied to the seceded 
States, and was, for a short time, connected with the At- 
lanta Intelligencer. 

Having fixed his abode in New Orleans a short time 
before the war, he contributed to the Crescent a number 
of stories and sketches, and upon the breaking out of hos- 
tilities a number of letters fi-om camp, which were exten- 
sively copied. He went out as a volunteer in the Wash- 
ington Artillery, a batallion made up of the best young 
men of the city, and remained with it until the close of the 
war. A reminiscence of army life in Virginia still remains 
in a story which was written on the straw of a soldier's 
tent, under the name of " Clarimonde." 

Since the war Mr. Bartlett has been successively con- 
nected with the Southern Star, Crescent, Bulletin, and 
New Orleans Times. Besides the work before mentioned 
he is the author of stories of the "Crescent City," the 
entire edition of which was almost entirely sold the fitrst 
week of its publication. A more extended work of a some- 
what similar character will shortly appear from his pen. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




1©U1S1414 O®!!©! M41fWf 4Sf ®1¥. 



The Louisiana Cotton Manufacturing Company was 
fo7-med in 1869. The mill is near the Barracks, about 
three miles from Canal street, fronting (216 feet) on the 
Levee, the premises comprising about six acres on which 
the company propose to build houses for one hundred and 
fifty operatives. The capital jof the company is $200,000 
and over $100,000 is paid up. The mill runs about sixty 
looms and 3360 spindles. The fine machinery is from the 
works of Curtis, Parr, & Morley, Manchester, England. 
The operatives are all white, being chiefly Creoles from 
Third District, who have proved to be excellent in indus- 
try and fidelity, and of more than average aptitude in 
learning diffic\ilt processes. At fair remuneration the sup- 
ply exceeds the demand, and the poorer white people in 
the lower portion of the city are partial to the new indus- 
try that is here opened to them. 



Although the products of this mill are comparatively 
small, the experiment has proved that cotton can be success- 
fully spun and woven near to the place of production, thus 
avoiding compression, freights, duties, interest, commission, 
and risks by sea and land. The fabrics of this mill are in 
demand in this city, and have already gained favorable no- 
tice in Western trade centres. The Company readily sell 
all they make at paying rates, and for cash. The afiairs of 
the Company are controlled and regulated by W. T. Hepp, 
L. Folger, F. Gueydan, M. A. de Lizardi, and J. C. Denis, 
who constitute the Board of Dii-ectors. The oflScers of the 
Company are : J. C. Denis, President ; George Perrilliat, 
Secretary and H. V. Meigs, Superintendent. 

For want of sufficient capital the operations of the Fac- 
tory have been somewhat limited — but a reorganization of 
the Company with ample funds is contemplated. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



187 



DR. WILLIAM NEWTON MERCER, 



Who now resides on Canal street, in this city, at the ad- 
vanced age of eighty-one, is one of the most venerated and 
beloved of our citizens. His name has long been regarded 
as the epitome of benevolence, kind-heartedness, of genial 
hospitality, and refined learning and manners. 

With these qualities he combines excellent judgment and 
good knowledge of men — a well-trained intellect, large in- 
formation, and admirable powers of administration. 

To this rare combination, Dr. Mercer owes his great suc- 
cess, and the accumulation of the large fortune which he 
now enjoys, and from which he derives the means of his 
highest enjoyment in life, that of relieving the wants and 
alleviating the distresses of the unfortunate, and promoting 
meritorous enterprises of Religion, Benevolence and Edu- 
cation. 

Dr. Mercer was born in Cecil County, Maryland. He re- 
ceived a good education, and attended the course of lectures 
at the University at Pennsylvania, when Dr. Rush was prin- 
cipal professor at that institution. Graduating with dis- 
tinction, he received the commission of Assistant-Surgeon 
in the regular army, about the beginning of the war with 
England, in 1812. 

In this position Dr. Mercer served with great credit. 
The only action of the war in which he took active 
part was at the disastrous fight, or rather race, at Bladens- 
burg, when the raw militia which had been hastily gather- 
ed for the defence of the National Capitol was so quickly 
put to flight by the Peninsular veterans, under General 
Ross. The only fighting done on that occasion was by 
Captain Barney, of Baltimore, with a small force of sailors 
and marines, and a few pieces of artillery. This little de- 
tachment held the British army at bay for some time, and 
only yielded their position when overrun by an overwhelm- 
ing force, and their gallant commander was shot down at 
his post. Dr. Mercer was attached to that command, and 
bravely and faithfully performed his duty. 

After the close of the war. Dr. Mercer remained in the 
army, and came, with a portion of it to this city, as a Post- 
Surgeon. This was in 1816. After remaining here for a 
short time, he was transferred to Natchez, Mississippi, 
where he resided for some years. At this time Natchez 
was a very important town — and its society was of a very 
distinguished character. The rapidly-increasing wealth of 
the cotton planters, and the attractive prospects of this 
commanding position in the south-west, had drawn thither 
a number of men from the old States of marked character- 
istics. 

Then was laid the foundation of what was well known 
throughout the country as the Adams County Aristocracy. 
It was in this society Dr. Mercer obtained admission, 
through his gentlemanly bearing, refined and dignified de- 
portment, and his many admirable and genial habits. He 
soon became a great favorite with all pevsons, especially 
with the ladies, who were always won by his graceful gal- 
lantry and playful wit. Among the gentlemen, the Doctor 
was regarded as first, on this account with some slight jeal- 
ousy. This, and his freedom from the vices and dissipa- 



tions, then quite prevalent in that section, led them to regard 
him as more of a beau and ladies' man, than was compatible 
with the manly qualities of the age. But this idea proved 
a delusion, the doctor's courage and power of will, were 
quite as conspicuous, when occasion demanded their exer- 
cise, as were his courtly ease and amiability of manners and 
deportment. 

These virile virtues were not displayed in physical com- 
bats, or in deeds of violence, and indistinctiveness so com- 
mon in the south-west, but in the higher forms of an im- 
movable firmness in every duty, a tenacity in the mainten- 
ance of his convictions, and rights, and fearless intrepidity 
in the defences and relief of the oppressed and the unfor- 
tunate. 

A striking example of this was related to the writer, by 
the late Robert Walker, who was for many years a distin- 
guished citizen of Natchez. It happened that a large and 
brilliant company had assembled at one of the fashionable 
summer resorts in East Mississippi. A number of Natchez 
famiUes were included in this company. One day there was 
an alarm, a cry of distress, a call for a doctor. Dr. Mercer, 
who happened to be in attendance, repaired to the spot, and 
there found a crowd, surrounding a negro boy, a slave of 
one of the families sojourning at the resort ; the boy was in 
an agony of fright and pain, and the spectators were all in 
wild panic what to do. The poor boy had been badly bit- 
ten by that most poisonous of snakes, the copperhead moc 
casin. Gently waving aside the helpless crowd, Dr. Mercer 
quickly examined the wound, drew from his pockets his 
surgical instruments, scarified it, and then applying his lips 
to it, sucked out the poison. The boy recovered, never ex- 
periencing any effect from the poison. 

For a gentleman of such fastidious refinement and ele- 
gance as to incur the suspicion of effeminacy from his ruder 
and more boisterous contemporaries, this action of Dr. Mer- 
cer was justly regarded by the fair sex as one of the high- 
est manifestations of real courage, such as is prompted by 
the triumph of true benevolence and philantrophy over the 
love of self — of an utter insensibility to danger in discharge 
of duty to supplying humanity. 

These, and like incidents in Dr. Mercer's career, at Nat- 
chez, quickly dissipated the erroneous impressions in re- 
gard to his true character. It was discovered that whilst 
the most benevolent and most amiable of men, he was also, 
one of the finest, most positive and consistent. 

An amusing illustration was given of this, when, during 
one of those spasmodic efi'orts, which used to characterize 
the legislation of the Southern States, a severe militia law 
was passed in Mississippi. 

This law reqtured frequent parades, provided for a 
thorough organization of the citizens into battallions and 
companies, who should elect their own officers, and that 
said officers should call out their companies, whenever they 
deemed it necessary, and should subject them to a thorough 
drill. 

Under this law one of the companies, composed of the 
wealthy and aristocratic citizens of Natchez, thought it a 
happy practical joke to elect, as their captain, the courtly 
and elegant ex-surgeon of the army ; Dr. Mercer had re- 



188 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



signed his commission in the army sometime before. Great 
was their surprise when they were assured by the doctor of 
his high appreciation of the honor conferred on him. And 
they were stUl more surprised when the doctor, buckling 
on his sword, and donning his epaulets, entered upon the 
duties of his command, and with such vigor and earnest- 
ness, that they quickly discovered that the joke had been 
turned on the engineers. There never was so unhappy a 
militia as that of Dr. Mercer's became, under his command. 
The frequency and severity of the drilling to which he sub- 
jected them, the pertinacity with which he marched them 
in the hot sun, and through the streets of Natchez, the vigor 
with which the fines were imposed and collected, and the 
general severity of his discipline produced so profound a 
disgust with themselves and the law, which their com- 
mander had so faithfully carried out, that petitions were 
got up and dispatched to Jackson for the immediate repeal 
of the law. 

Dr. Mercer pursued his practice for some years in Nat- 
chez with great success. Marrying into one of the oldest 
families of the State, he found himself charged with the re- 
sponsibility of administering a large cotton plantation. 
It was in the execution of this trust that the admirable ad- 
ministrative abilities of Dr. Mercer were displayed. His 
good sense, clear and practical views of financial manage- 
ment, and promptitude and fii-mness in all his transactions, 
rendered him one of the most successful planters in the 
South. 

By a firm adherence to certain simple rules of manage- 
ment, and apparently without an efibrt, the estate of his 
wife was rapidly increased in value and productiveness. 
And, when her lamented decease occurred, a large fortune 
had been accumulated, mainly through the judicious man- 
agement of Dr. Mercer. 

The death of his wife clouded the remainder of Dr. Mer- 
cer's life — and some years afterwards the loss of his only 
daughter, just entering womanhood, and adorned with all 
amiable and attractive qualities of her sex, completed the 
cycle of his domestic calamities, and condemned him to long 
years of sorrowing and melancholy. 

Even now, in his extreme age, the afflictions give a pain- 
fully perceptible tinge of melancholy and of conscious be- 
reavement to the expression of his noble countenance, show- 
ing that his thoughts and memory have never been relieved 
of the heavy burden of grief, which fell upon him so many 
years ago. 

Shortly after the death of his wife, Dr. Mercer removed 
to this city, and has resided here continually for nearly 
thirty years. Erecting an elegant residence on Canal 
street, and investing largely in this city, he has led the life 
of a retired gentleman, dispensing a most elegant hospital- 
ity, and enjoying himself in acts of charity of the most libe- 
ral and generous character. 

The characteristic of Dr. Mercer's contributions to the 
relief and aid of humanity, has been the modesty with 
which they have been dispensed. A shrinking from all no- 
toriety or ostentation, a desire " to do good by stealth," has 
been his chiet ambition in life. His charity has been di- 
rected by the suggestion and emanations of his own mind and 



heart, rather than from concession to the demands or soli- 
citations of others. It would not be appropriate here dur- 
ing the life of this modest old gentleman to refer to the 
various incidents of his life ilustrative of this quality of his 
benevolence. But there is one of these which has already 
gained a place in history to which we may be excused, for 
referring. It relates to that affecting incident in the life of 
Henry Clay, when that great man, having served his coun- 
try for more than a quarter of a century, returned to his 
home to find that his financial afiairs, having been so long 
neglected, had fallen into a condition verging on bank- 
ruptcy. A note for a large sxun. held by the bank in Lex- 
ington waa rapidly approaching maturity. It was impos- 
sible to meet this and his other liabilities. 

If it were not renewed, but pressed for payment, it 
would involve the sale of his homestead. This was a very 
distressing circumstance for the great statesman. It may 
be imagined with what chagrin and distress the proud man 
proceeded to the bank on the day when the debt became 
due, to .solicit its extension, to do that which, to Henry 
Clay, was one of the hardest of all sacrifices and struggles, 
to solicit a favor from men whom he looked down upon as 
his inferiors in all the claims and attributes of greatness and 
illustrious public service. 

Imagine the surprise, the relief and the joy of the old 
gentleman, when, on applying at the bank for the renewal 
of his note, he was informed that it had been paid, and the 
cancelled instalment was handed to him. 

It is said that the proud old man burst into tears at this 
announcement, and exclaiming, " "Well, I must have some 
true friends after all," retired to his home, and his own re- 
flections. No inquiry, however, could elicit the informa- 
tion as to the generous friend who had rendered him this 
great and timely aid, and thus smoothed and brightened 
the declining years of the great Kentuckian. We imagine, 
however, that his sagacity and knowledge of the character 
and of the afiection so long manifested for him by his old 
friend with whom he had passed so many agreeable days in 
New Orleans, did not permit Mr. Clay to doubt who was 
that friend in need. 

It was the timely intervention of Dr. Mercer, and his 
friend, Mr. Duncan, of Natchez, who had saved the great 
Kentuckian from the mortification and anxiety that threat- 
ened to darken his latter days, in his retirement from the 
active scenes of public life in which he had played so dis- 
tinguished a part. 

As we have said, we do not intend to repeat the many 
other instances of generous liberality and beneficence of 
this venerable gentleman. It would require a volume to 
narrate them all. 

It was, however, especially during our civil war, that the 
sterling qualities, and covirageous devotion to friends, to 
principle and duty, of Dr. Mercer were most conspicuously 
displayed. The doctor had earnestly opposed the seces- 
sion movement. He was a warm, sincere and out-spoken 
Unionist. Unable to resist the impulse of the people to 
secession and civU war — but alway predicting its ultimate 
failure — he determined when war came upon us to share its 
calamities and burdens with his fellow citizens. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




%m 



Corner of Baronne and Perdido Streets, ISTe-w Orleans. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



191 



As president of the most solid banks of the city, he favor- 
ed the aid and support of the authorities, who were en- 
gaged in the defence of the State from invasion. To that 
object, he contributed largely from his private means. On 
the approach of the Federal army and fleet to the city, he 
recommended to the directory of the banks of which he was 
president, to pay its large specie deposit of over two mil- 
lions of dollars to the depositors. This proposition was ob- 
jected to by the State authorities, as hostile to the credit of 
the Confederacy. 

It was determined by them that the specie of the banks 
should be removed into the Confederacy to place it beyond 
the reach of the invader. This measure or mandate was 
most reluctantly yielded to by the president and directors 
of the bank of Louisiana, and the whole two millions of gold 
which had long lain in the vaults, were now transferred into 
the interior, where, after many abortive attempts to pro- 
cure its release, and to guard it from seizure and expropri- 
ation, the whole amount finally disappeared in that charm, 
which had swollowed up so many more millions of the 
wealth of the South. 

When Butler occupied the city, and commenced his ca- 
reer of bullying and persecution of the people, he threaten- 
ed vengeance against the bank president for snatching from 
him this valuable spoil. They were all ordered before him, 
to answer for their conduct. 

When they appeared — they were all citizens of the high- 
est repute and wealth — Butler favored them with some of 
his choicest democratic oratory, and with unbounded de- 
nunciation, as a set of bank robbers, who had betrayed their 
faith to their depositors and note-holders, and had thus 
perpetrated a double treason to their country and to the 
people who had entrusted them with their hard earnings. 
After a long harrangue, full of abuse and bitterness, he ask- 
ed them what excuse they could give for their conduct. 
Several of the presidents offered various pleas ; they had 
been coerced in the matter ; they had always opposed this 
transfer, and they had already set on foot measures to have 
their specie returned. It was very perceptible that the 
worthy gentlemen were not a little alarmed by the threat- 
ening tone and manner of Butler. Dr. Mercer alone, re- 
mained unmoved, and maintained a dignified silence under 
the fierce oratorical blast of the unblushing demagogue. 
At last Butler turned to him and asked : " What have you. 
Dr. Mercer, a Union man, to say in justification of your 
conduct in this matter ?" 

" Nothing," replied the bland and brave old gentleman ; 
" but to bear my share of the responsibility and penalty for 
the act." 

Not a word was said of his own earnest opposition to the 
measure ; no promise or pledge of reparation, no expres- 
sion of regret or repentance, though of all present he might 
justly and honestly have availed himself of such pleas. It 
was not the time now, it would have been incompatibie with 
true manhood, thus to separate himself from his associates 
in peril and misfortune. And so the doctor, not only main-- 
tained his self-respect, but managed to secure the confidence 
and admiration of Butler, who made vigorous efi'orts to win 



the confidence and regard of the brave but always courteous 
and dignified old gentleman. 

It was due to this feeling of Butler toward Dr. Mercer, 
that the latter was enabled frequently to intervene in favor 
of his fellow citizens, who were subjected to the violent 
treatment of that officer, during the whole period of But- 
ler's conmiand in this city. Dr. Mercer was almost inces- 
santly engaged in these acts of interposition and remons- 
trance against the hard orders and acts of the Federal Gen- 
eral. 

Finally, however, Butler became dissatisfied with the 
doctor. Of all our rich men, he alone refused to take the 
oath, which Butler required of all citizens, on the penalty 
of confiscation of all their property If this oath were not 
taken by a certain day, the non-jurors were commanded to 
hand over the schedules of their property. 

When that day arrived. Dr. Mercer walked to the office 
of the Prevost Marshall, and duly delivered to him a com- 
plete list of all his large estate, retaining, as he stated, two 
thousand dollars in gold, for his necessities, which, however, 
he agreed to report to General Butler. 

This adi'oit demagogue could not resist the opportunity 
for a display of his zeal for the Union, and his love of equal 
rights, and accordingly, he had published his letter refusing 
the doctor permission to retain this small sum referred to, 
stating that he, of all others, from his high position and 
great influence, over his fellow citizens, should set the ex- 
ample of a prompt renewal of his allegiance to this govern- 
ment. 

It does not appear, however, that Butler intended any- 
thing more than to make a display before the people, for 
he never disturbed the doctor in the poseession and enjoy- 
ment of this small remnant ot his princely estate. 

An incident, growing out of this event, may be here re- 
lated as illustrative of the quiet humor and sharp repartee 
of Dr. Mercer. Shortly after the publication of the corres- 
pondence between Dr. Mercer and General Butler, the Dr. 
was taking his customary promenade on Canal street, when 
a hearty and robust young man, a native of the city, whose 
friends had been not a little mortified, that he shoiild be ab- 
sent from the scenes in which nearly all the able-bodied 
young men of the city were then playing their parts, salut- 
ing the doctor, inquired, jocosely, whether he had any of 
those two thousand gold dollars left. 

" Oh ! yes," quickly responded the doctor, " I have a 
small sum left, which I keep for a special purpose." 

" May I inquire what that purpose is V 

" It is," whispered the doctor, looking around as if he in- 
tended to guard against Federal detectives, " to buy yov a 
fine Confederate uniform." 

Immovable in his purpose, the doctor remained in the 
city throughout the whole war, without taking the oath, or, 
as it was styled, renewing his allegiance. 

But our sketch has extended beyond the limits we had 
prescribed, we must bring it to a close. 

After the war, with a single interruption of a short visit 
to the North, Dr. Mercer has remained in New Orleans, a 
cabn and philosophic, but not uninterested observer of pass- 



192 



JEWELL'S CRECENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



ing events and characters ; a great reader, not only of the 
current literature of the day, but of the works of the great 
English and French authors, and the dispenser of the most 
cordial and sumptuous hospitality. 

By every class of the people he is looked up to with tlie 
most profound veneration, love and respect, as the model of 
the Southern gentleman, patriot, philanthropist and Chris- 
tian, as, indeed, the single survivor of a generation, whose 
standard of virtue, of dignity, of refinement and honor, was 
far higher than that which has succeeded it. 

^ I »i » 

■ NEW ORLEANS CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. 

This institution was founded and incorporated February 
26th, 1830. The charter was renewed for an additional 
term of twenty years, on the 25th of April, 1853. Its 
earlier labors were very useful, and the decisions of its 
committees of arbitration were published, and were of 
analagous authority in the business transactions of the 
merchants. Suspended by what the resolutions of reor- 
ganization calls " fortuitous circumstances," the members 
on the 17th of February, 1864, and renewed their organ- 
ization, by the election of Charles Briggs, Esq., as Presi- 
dent, and of A. C. Waugh, Esq., Secretary and Treasurer. 
From that time it has continued in active usefulness. Its 
membership has steadily increased, although not so great 
as the population and interests of the city would justify. 
In the midst of the political contest which has raged for 
the past six or seven years, the Chamber of Commerce has 
devoted itself by pressing good measures of legislation, 
and preventing others tending, in its opinion, to injuries, 
or retard the commercial interests of the city. 

Among the most prominent of the measui-es advocated 
by the Chamber, may be mentioned the limitation of State 
debt by constitutional amendment. Advocacy of a rail- 
road system, with an investigation into their progress, or 
cause of their delayed completion. Application for Fed- 
eral aid in improving the Mississippi from its mouths to 
its outlet canal, levee reparation, and postal appropriations 
for establishing postal connections with foreign countries. 
Also for such amendment of our commercial treaties as 
will give greater intercourse with the States on the conti- 
nent and Island, south of the United States. An amend- 
ment and explanation of the law of lien on property, and 
endorsement of a system of Industrial education in the 
South and for the South. Such are some of the measures 
which have been commended, and enforced upon public 
adoption by the many Active and able merchants of New 
Orleans. To enumerate them would occupy too much 
space, and to designate any of them as especially effective 
would be invidious. It is proper to be said that for the 
patriotism, integrity and wisdom of its action, as well as in 
the confidence of their fellow citizens, the Chamber of New 
Orleans has a most respectable record. The present mem- 
bership number more than two hundred, and its officers 
are Joseph H. Oglesby, President; J. M. Sandidge, Vice 
President ; C. E. Slayback, Second Vice President ; W. M. 
Burwell, Secretary and Treasurer. The Chamber holds 
its sessions on the 1st Monday of each month, in the hall 
over the Louisiana National Bank. 



TWELFTH NIGHT REVELERS. 



FIRST FESTIVAL, 1871. 



Is the latter part of the year 1870, it was resolved by 
certain genial enterprising spirits in this city, to re-estab- 
lish the ancient and honorable Festival of the 12th Night, 
so memorable in history. 

It was found that these annual celebrations not only con- 
tributed to the public enjoyment, but, by giving the city a 
reputation for gorgeous public festivities, had the effect of 
drawing here that vast pleasure-seeking element, which is 
yearly becoming larger, and whose presence always acts 
as an impulse to every description of local business. 

Accordingly, on the evening of the 6th of January, 1871, 
the initial pageant of the 12th Night Revelers made its ap- 
pearance upon the streets. 

Public curiosity had been greatly excited, and all the 
thoroughfares which were known to be included in the line 
of march, presented the spectacle of one dense mass of 
spectators. 

The entire central district of the city, indeed, was one 
brilliant scene of life and gaiety. The whole population 
was in the streets, and, with the bright and balmy night, 
the gay throngs and the flashing lights, the tout ense7nble 
was one which belongs only to New Orleans among Amer- 
ican cities. When it was found that the pageant was to 
represent the familiar characters whom Mother Goose has 
made immortal, the delight of the spectators can be better 
imagined than desciibed, and, as the costly, fantastic pro- 
cession filed slowly by, each new tableau was greeted with 
shouts of enthusiastic recognition from the innumerable 
throng. 

The pageant was headed by a grotesque and gorgeous 
figure with the title of the Lord of Misrule, who was fol- 
lowed in regular order by the characters who have been 
handed down to us in the old nursery rhymes of that mys- 
terious poet Mother Goose. 

We can not, perhaps, give a clearer idea of the nature 
of the procession and the elements which entered into its 
composition than by quoting the following clever verses 
which were written by a prominent member of the New 
Orleans press, one of the most versatile, piquant and 
brilliant of our writers, and on which the formation of the 
affair was based. 

We will only premise that the representations were all 
gotten up in the most expensive and artistic style, and 
were aided by every accessory of color and illumination 
which it is possible to employ in such cases. 

The poem itself is complete and perfect in construction, 
and although on the most familiar of subjects, is full of 
harmony, and will be read with pleasure by every one 
whose memories carry them back to the loving care of a 
mother and the innocent joys of childhood. 

MOTHER GOOSE'S TEA PARTY. 
I 
Hink ! minx! hmk ! my eyelids wink ; 
Marry I'll have a feast ; 
Since aU were out at my last rout 
Is msny a year at last. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




THOMAS O'CONNOR, 

CHIEF OF FIRE DEPARTMENT. 



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JEWELL'S ORESCENT CITT ILLUSTRATED. 



Acc@fflim©dLali0m Bamk off LoMisiana,, 

E. B. BENTON, PRESIDENT. R. H. WOOD, CASHIER. 



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o 
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WMM ^mMM ^EoL,&W& ieiBMM^Eo ImTMEEBT' OM WeP&BIT^» 

And advances MONEY in sums to suit on every species of Personal Property, Warehouse Receipts, Stocks, 

Bonds, Warrants, Gold, Silver, Diamonds, Furniture, Pianos, Merchandise, and Valuables of every 

description. Has large Warehouse and Store-rooms attached to the Bank. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



195 



The prating fools of modern schools 

Would have me sound asleep : 

Tis time to caU my children all 
And give the world a peep. 

So tike the broom, sweep up the room 
And then the table spread ; 
AVc'U have one night as g.ay and bright 
As any that have fled. 

II 

Wake Little Bo-peep, now fast asleep, 
And rouse up Heart's good Queen ; 
Bid Robin Hood from out the wood. 
With his men in Lincoln green. 

Bold Valentine, and Jack so fine, 
Who cracked the Giant's pates. 
To come with Spratt, who cat no fat, 
And his wife who licked the plates. 

Tell Jack and Gill, upon the hill. 
And Ilumpty on the wall. 
With Old King Cole, that good old soul, 
They must obey the call. 

Ill 

Vfc'W have a feast, where Beauty's Beast 
Shall sup with Silver Hair, . 
Red Riding Hood and Orson good, 
And Cinderella fair. 

The children, too, who in the shoe. 
Were all so poorly fed, 
AVith Jenny Wren, and the little men. 
Whose bullets were made of lead. 

The summons sound till it shakes the ground, 
So Fce-Faw-Fum may hear. 
And Ogres come with Piper Tom, 
To share our m erry cheer. 

rv 

Quick, Saddle My Cock, hunt up the flock, 
With a hop, step, jump away ; 
Gather them all, both great and small, 
Before the dawn of day. 

There's Parson Rook, with solemn look. 
Must bring young Johnny Grace, 
Jack Horner too, with Bucklc-my-Shoc, 
Sh.all also have a place. 

Nor maid forlorn, nor Crumple Horn, 
Muit either be passed by ; 
Both girls and boys shall make a noise. 
And sup on Blackbh-d Pie. 



The fiddling Cat shall feed the Rat, 
That quarrelled with the Frog ; 
The Market Pig shall dance a Jig, 
With Mother Hubbard's dog. 

And Puss in Boots, in best of suits. 
Shall pay Miss Mud'et court ; 
While Beanstone Jack rolls on his back. 
With laughing at the sport. 

Old Wondrous- Wise, with blinded eyes. 
Shall mash Kriss-Kringle's corn ; 
And Little Boy Blue, a hullabaloo, 
Shall waken with his horn. 



VI 

Come out, come out. with song and shout, 
Obey the grandame's call ; 
To her bright eyes and golden skies, 
Wc owe allegiance .all. 

The gems she we.ars distill no tears, 
Her llowrcts bloom for aye ; 
ller castle walls and fairy halls. 
Shall never pass .away. 

Like us who, back o'er life's duU track. 
Our glance at Lapland throw ; 
To hours ol youth, to love and truth, 
We never more mav know. 



:o:- 



SECOND ANNUAL FESTIVAL, 1872. 



The second Festival of these unknown Revelers was a 
splendid effort. With a more perfected organization, and 
with increased expenditure, they came to the front, deter- 
mined to out-do their former effort and realize the brilliant 
expectations which their many admirers had founded upon 
the inaugural ceremony of tlieir order. 

They could scarcely have chosen a better theme than 

THE TIDE OF EXaLISU HUMOR. 

In all the realm of literature there is no richer field than 
this; and our Revelers certainly culled its very fairest 
flowers as they wandered. Headed by Don Quixote (a par- 
donable theft from other lands) the pageant showed Humor, 
Its Gods, Its Fathers, Its Fountain, and Its Tide, in a splen- 
did and harmonious sequence. 

Shakespeare, Rare Ben Johnson, Gray, Swift, Sterne, 
Goldsmith, Burns, Scott, Irving, Dickens and Bret Harte ! 

These were figures which followed in the Tide of Hu- 
mor ; each one set in a group of his own choicest creations, 
and clustered with them on their respective piedestals rival- 
ing in chiseled'spendor the majestic sculptures of Praxiteles 
himself. 

In all the appointments of artistic elegance this display 
■was considered as being yet unequalled. It was a daring 
flight into the realm of art, this attempt at marbleizing Hu- 
mor, but the Revelers assuredly achieved a brilliant suc- 
cess. 

The closing ceremonies, were, as on their first occasion, 
similar to those observed by the Mistick Krewe. There 
were two magnificent tableaux, representing 

FIRST. 

HUMOR'S PANTHEON. 

" Above the sknoke and stir of this dim spot 
which men call earth." 

SECOND. 
THE APOTHEOSIS OF HUMOR. 
" The mob of gentlemen who wrote with ease.'" 
After the falling of the curtain on the closing tableau the 
usual ball commenced in which the fashionable company 
joined, finding no less delight therein by reason of their 
ignorance of their Hosts. 



196» 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



THIRD ANNUAL FESTIVAL, 1873. 



This year the Revelers carried their representations into 
a still more elevated field of literature speaking with refer- 
ence to utility and intrinsic digiaty. In doing so they paid 
a merited tribute to the greatest genius ever produced by 
Louisiana — 

JOHN JAMES AUDUBON. 

" That cheeifiil one who knoweth all, 
" The songs of all the winged choristers, 

And In one sequence of melodious sound, 

Pours out their music." 

It was a specially happy conceit of theirs that, while they 
reproduced the birds of Audubon with the most astonish- 
ing fidelity, and while each individual figure was perfectly 
true in plumage, proportions and coloring, to the original 
which it was intended to represent, yet these were group- 
ed in tableaux which were in most instances deliciously 
humorous in their meaning. 

It was a curious and an artistic accomplishment, and, in 
that sense the 12th Night Revelers exceeded any similar 
effort of theirs. 

This magnificent pageant was composed of seventeen im- 
mense cars or floats, fifteen of which bore groups of from 
five to ten figures. They were brilliantly illuminated with 
lanterns, transparencies and calcium lights, which, together 
with the gaudy coloring of the birds themselves, and the 
continuous blaze from the houses along their route, com- 
bined to make, not only one of the largest, but one of the 
most magnificent and imposing displays ever known in the 
history of our Carnivals. 

There was also a novel idea shown in the management of 
the tableau. Instead of having a multiplicity of represent- 
ations, the figures of the entire pageant were grouped in 
one colossal pictui'e. 

In the centre, on a raised pedestal was the immense sta- 
Iniary, composed of 

AUDUBON AND HIS TWO COMPANIONS. 

and round about him were the numerous birds which had 
followed him in the procession. 

There were water, and marsh, and rocks, and sand, and 
trees aud undergrowth, in which the bii-ds were disposed 
appropriately ; thus making one grand tableau in which 
more than a hundred different contrasting figures were col- 
lected. The coup d'oeil was inexpressibly striking, and 
when the curtain fell it was some time before the immense 
throng of spectators ceased their plaudits. 

Thus, in a resum6 of the past pageants which have made 
our city so famous over the whole continent, we cannot as- 
sert that anything in the past has' exceeded this latest 
efi'ort of the Revelers, all things considered. 

It was in every sense a magnificent spectacle and it has 
proved that the Mistick Krewe have at last foemen worthy 
of their steel. 

This chapter in the history of Revel'ry brings us up to 
the present day, when, if we may believe the mysterious 
hints which have been rife for weeks past, both Rex of the 
Carnival, and the Mistick Brotherhood of Comus intend to 
sui-pass all former displays. 



THE BULK GRAIN TRADE. 



This is comparatively a new commerce in the United 
States. It originated in Buffalo, upon the idea of applying 
the band and buckets employed by Oliver Evans in carrying 
grain and flour in a common fioui'ing mill, and > as adopted 
on a much larger scale as a means of handling cargoes. 

Formerly, corn was received at New Orleans in the ear, 
shelled and sacked for sale. Wheat was exported in con- 
siderable quantities before the war, and, on some occasions, 
grain in quantity was shipped to Europe by sail, and some- 
times received in such condition that it had to be dug out 
of the hole with the spade. The plantation demand for corn 
at New Orleans, which, even now, reaches 4 to .5,000,000 
bushels per anniun, was sufficient to consume the surplus 
by the then West, which, until within the past twenty 
years, converted its sui-plus corn into cattle, hogs, hoi-ses 
and whisky. The vast growth of the West from foreign 
emigration, and the opening of canal and lake outlets to the 
East, has given a consequence to the grain trade which was 
not originally contemplated. 

In the year 1868, L. J. Higby, Esq., having been for some 
years engaged in the Lake grain trade at Milwaukie, came 
to the conclusion that the Mississippi was the natural route 
for western grain to the ocean. Perhaps one of his strong- 
est reasons for the opinion was that the ice blockade usually 
closed up from 20 to 30,000,000 bushels of grain, and sub- 
jected the grower and dealer to shrinkage, interest and in- 
surance, or to the exaction of the Eastern Railroads. 

He accordingly prospected this channel, and was the first 
person that put money into it as a practical pi-ojjosition. 
In this enterprise it was necessary to provide for two trans- 
fers. 

St. Louis had built a Grain Elevator, but like the canqp 
of Robinson Crusoe, it was as far from the water, that might 
have rotted down before it could be put to any use. This 
Elevator was, in the year 1869, and at the instance of Mr. 
Higby, brought into close connection by rail with the cars 
and shipping. 

It was, however, in 1868 that pioneer of -the hulk grain 
trade removed to New Orleans, purchased the ground, and 
erected the present Elevator, an illustration of which ap- 
pears on another page of this work. He thus describes the 
installation and prosecution of the work in a letter to the 
Missouri " Democrat." 

" After twelve days consultation in my own mind, I con- 
cluded to help New Orleans to a Grain Elevator — and make 
her the first grain mait in America. Consequently I brought 
My youngest son here, bought a block of land, built a wharf 
275 feet long and 200 feet into the water, bought a steam- 
boat, hauled hei' alongside, and made a boarding-house for 
ourselves and men, took off our coats on the first of June, 
and built an Elevator which is now, (25th December, 1868) 
able to hold and handle 120,000 bushels of grain in 24 hours. 
The building is 250 feet long, 100 feet wide, and 139 feet 
high, and will hold, when completed, 750,000 bushels of 
grain. The tower and Marine Elevator at the edge of the 
wharf is 102 feet high. The Marine Elevator is connected 
with the main elevator by a conveyor 33 feet high, and run- 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



ID.) 



niug over the wharf and street. It is the only conveyor of 
the kind in America. The wharf Elevator can take grain 
out of a vessel at the highest or lowest water — tl^ore being 
a variation of 13 feet in the extreme stages. The wharf 
storage building is 200 by 275 feet, capable of storing G5,000 
bai-rels of flour which can be loaded by machinery at the rate 
of 1,000 barrels per hoiu'. The whole machinery is run by 
an engine of 500 horse power." 

The enterprise of moving bulk grain by way of New Or- 
leans was ridiculed by those who had not examined the sub- 
ject, and especially by the Chicago Press. The " Times " 
said it would be as natural for Chicago to undertake the 
commerce of cotton, lice and sugar, as for New Orleans to 
control the grain of those high latitudes. 

The St. Louis " Democrat," one of the earliest and 
staunchest advocates of the river grain trade, came to the 
rescue of New Orleans, and vindicated " De Bow's Review," 
from the imputation of having advocated an absurd propo- 
sition in maintaining the feasibility of the enterprise. 

There was another imaginary impediment. All the East- 
ern interests maintained that grain could not be moved 
through the latitude of Louisiana without injury. Essays 
were written on the effects of humidity, and the tempei'a- 
ture of the gulf stream was deemed fatal to a grain cargo. 
This imputation was refuted by undoubted experiment. 
Grain was received by barges, transferred in elevator, sent 
by steam to England in the summer months, and was sold 
at a higher rate than other grain of its class, then in mai-- 
ket. Some years later it having been assumed by some 
writer that grain must be dried at New Orleans before it 
could be exported safely, the indefatigable Mr. Higby pub- 
lished an account of sales of grain, sold abroad at a satis- 
factory profit ; and produced proof that grain had been 
kept in his elevator 107 days in the summer time — and was 
sent sound into the English market. Since, that it is ad- 
mitted that the Mississippi and gulf is a sound route for 
sound grain ; and western crops are fearlessly forwarded by 
this route. 

There is in the opinion of the writer but one obstacle in 
the waj' of perfect success. The cotton crop comes to mar- 
ket at the same time with the western grain ; the first com- 
modity being worih ten times as much as the last, can af- 
ford to pay higher rates — the shipment of grain then arriv- 
ing at New Orlean.s rr.ay find Orleans freights too high for 
profit — uncertainty emban-asses the foreign purchaser. By 
the time the cotton crop is off hand, the lakes and canals 
are open, and grain resumes its direct route to the East. 
If a line of grain propellers were established in close con- 
nection with the river craft to prorate with them and sign 
through bills between Liverpool and St. Louis, the ship- 
ment would be direct and continuous ; the purchaser could 
tell what his grain would cost laid down at Livei'pool, and 
we should have a steady business at least from October to 
May. 

THE BARGE LINES. 

In treating of the grain trade it would be improper to 
omit the influence resulting from the establishment of the 
river tow-boats and barges. This enterprise was started in 
1866, and was the first to inaugurate the bulk grain trade. 



When we consider that the grain crop or the United States 
is estimated at 2,500,000 bushels, and that it is grown chief- 
ly on land west of the Mississippi, that a great part of this 
vast and increasing trade is frozen up for six months in the 
year, that the Mississippi is a sound and adeqii.-.'i^c route for 
the exportation of this crop at all seasons— the co:nplete 
and independent organization of this trade is inevitable. 
We can not leave the subject without announcing that Chi- 
cago herself has modified her incredulity as far as to accept 
the agency of New Orleans in exporting her groin surplus, 
and as a relief against the exactions of Eastern kJl. The 
Illinois Central RaDroad now delivers grain to baro-o'« at 
Cairo, and prorates for delivery at New Orleans. Efi'or.fi 
have been made to induce this company to emulate the ex- 
ample of the Baltimore and Philadelphia Railroad— and 
build barges, and even ocean steamers, to conduct the corn 
commerce with Eui'ope. 



NEW ORLEANS AND SPANISH AMERICA. 



The slightest reflection will show that it is the especial 
office and duty of the port of New Orleans to conduct the 
exchange trade between the valley of the Mississippi and 
the Rocky Mountain states, and the cis and citia-tropical 
countries lying south of the United States. The physical 
reasons are obvious on the map. The commercial causes 
are just as decisive. Trade and travel now move in right 
lines both over land and ocean. New Oi-leans is a deep 
water port on the direct lino between the populations of 
which it is the outlet and of those who desire intercourse 
with them, in the sale of tropical and other products, and 
the purchase of food and manufactures. Trade lines drawn 
between those reciprocal and compensating consumers con- 
centrate for collection and distribution at New Orleans. 
It is a-', once a depot and entrepot of all these exchangeable 
commodities. It is the natural point at whicli many of 
these Sixinish American States will receive their European 
goods, immigrants and mails. The differential tariff alone 
prevents this, but this removed, the stock and selection of 
goods by the jobbers of New Orleans, supplied by the mer- 
chants and manufacturers of the Union, will present such 
an assortment as will command the custom of smaller cities 
in the South, and of the whole retail tirade on the coast and 
in the interior. These obstacles will be removed by the 
rapid growth of the United States, and the mntnnl promo- 
tion ol interest on the part of itself and of Hs neio-hbors. 
The trade lines between St. Louis, Chicago and Cincinnati, 
and Rio Janeiro and Valparaiso, taken .^s extreme southern 
points, pass through and are concentrated at New Orleans. 
The whole of the western coast of South America connects 
at Panama with a line of steamei'c from New Orleans. Cen- 
tral America, Mexico and Cuba will likewise conduct their 
trade with the cities named through New Orleans. 

There is an especial reason why the postal and passen- 
ger routes between these great interests should be con- 
ducted from New Orleans as a postal centre. The mail 
service between the United States and Brazil, Central 
America and Mexico, is conducted by steamer by New 
York. These routes are respectively about 3500, 2700 and 



■AHfeAiMibAH 



•200 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



2000 miles. They are all subjected to insurances along the 
whole coast of the Atlantic States. When it is remember- 
ed that from each of the principal cities of the Union to 
New Orleans the government has a double daily postal ser- 
vice already paid for, it will be seen that a steam postal 
service to the ports named could be organized with great 
economy of time, distance and rate of insurance. The 
cities of the interior could conduct their intercourse with 
the foreign countries named directly with New Orleans, thus 
saving the cost of an extra journey to and from New York 
as a point of departure. The travel and trade between the 
countries named and the United States would be conducted 
inland, over our own railroads and rivers, instead of coast- 
wise and outside, over an ocean route affording no such in- 
cidental advantages. It is useless to encumber these pages 
with an estimate of the value of trade or the number of 
passengers to be calculated on by a perfect organization of 
these enterprises. Such statistics change constantly, but 
the natural advantages are permanent, and sooner or later 
they will be realized, either by public appropriation or 
private enterprise. The trade of New Orleans in sugar 
and coffee is very heavy and is increasing annually. We 
require, however, our freights to Brazil upon which to 
base a regular system of coffee imports. Coffee is brought 
from Rio principally by vessels which take cotton, corn, or 
tobacco to New York or Liverpool. The coffee import 
should be based \ipon a direct exchange of commodities 
between New Orleans and Brazil. 



MESi^r.S. A. B. GRISWOLD & CO. 



This firm, of whose establishment we give a fine interior 
view, is the oldest and largest house in their line of busi- 
ness in the South. And, in fact, there are probably not 
more than one or two firms in New Orleans that can carry 
the record of a continuous business under different styles 
so far back as these gentlemen. 

In the year 1815, in the then central portion of the city, 
at the comer of St. Louis and Chartres Streets, the busi- 
ness was established by Mr. Hyde, who was .shortly after 
joined by Mr. Goodrich, composing the firm of Hyde and 
Goodrich. This name, by many years of honest industry, 
enterprise, and fair dealing, was made familiar as a house- 
hold word throughout the whole South. When the weight 
of years compelled the founders of this house to cease from 
theii- labors, their sons asstuned control and continued its 
affairs with the same system of honesty and liberal dealing, 
and with a still greater share of pecuniary success, commen- 
surate with the growth in wealth and prosperity of the city. 
They weathered successfully all the financial stoi-ms of the 
last half century, preserving intact, through every disaster, 
the mercantile credit and honor of the house. As the tide 
of trade in New Orleans set more and more towards the 
American portion of the city, the firm removed their place 
of business to No. 15 Chartres Street, which was henceforth 
connected with their name, and extensively known through 
the Southwest for more than twenty years. It was while 
in Chartres Street, in the year 1847, that the head of the 
present house, Mr. A. B. Griswold, became connected with 



the firm ; first as a clerk, then as a partner, and has, dur- 
ing this long period of over a quarter of a century, been 
identified with it under its different suyles of Hyde and 
Goodrich ; Thomas, Griswold and Co., and A. B. Griswold 
and Co. In 1853, for the third time in their history, the 
firm made a change of location, and removed to their pres- 
ent admirable position at the comer of Canal and Royal 
Streets, into one of a number of stores just built by Judah 
Touro, and the completed row of which now forms one of 
the handsomest ornaments of Canal Street. 

Here, for twenty years more, they have successfully 
prosecuted their business and preserved the ancient repu- 
tation of the house, as well as maintained its commercial 
credit on a solid and substantial basis, Having their own 
office and resident agent in New York, and with foreign 
connections in England, France and Germany, they have 
facilities for the conduct of their business not excelled in 
the United States, and can always furnish to their custom- 
ers at short notice, by direct orders, what their own large 
stock fails to supply. They are also agents for two of the 
most substantial manufacturing firms in the country, viz : 
" The Howard Watch and Clock Co.," and the " Gorham 
Manufacturing Company," the largest manufactui'ers of 
Sterling Silver Ware in the world. The advantages offered 
to their retail customers by these agencies are a very large 
and well assorted stock to select from, and at the schedule 
prices of the 'companies. 

The Howard Watch and Clock Company manufacture 
the most reliable American watch in the market, as well as 
the finest counting-house clocks, regulators, watchman de- 
tector clocks and electric clocks. They make no inferior 
or low-priced goods, as is the case with so many other 
American makers, and any purchaser of a genuine Howard 
watch can depend upon its being an accurate timepiece 

The Gorham Manufacturing Company is universally 
known in this country, (and their fame is now also Euro- 
pean,) for the originality of their designs in silver and 
plated ware, the exquisite beauty and finish of all their 
work, and that combination of elegance and taste with 
economy in fabrication, (effected by machinery) which en- 
ables them to furnish a choice and beautiful article of sil- 
verware at a price no greater than for ordinary goods. 
Messrs. A. B. Griswold and Co., notwithstanding the age 
of their firm, are by no means old fogies, but are fully alive 
to the exigencies of the times, and realize the fact that 
those who would do a successful business now, must do it 
on the basis of " quick sales and small profits." They 
guarantee their goods in every respect, and offer in all 
cases a first-class article at the lowest market price. With 
a record behind them of some ^fifii/-ei(/ht years of honorable 
dealing, we think our readers, both citizens and strangers, 
cannot transact their business in New Orleans more safely 
and satisfactorily with any firm in that line, than with 
Messrs. A. B. Griswold and Co. 



The Mechanics' and Tkadeks' Bank, is situated on 
Camp street, occupying only an ordinary house, compared 
to some others, and requires no particular description. 
Capital $2,000,000. 












(S 




JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



203 



WILLIAM HENRY HOLCOMBE, M.D 



Tms very popular physician and distinguished author 
was born at Lynchburg, Va., May 29th, 1825. He pur- 
sued his academical course at Washington College, Lexing- 
ton, Va., the institution now known as Washington Lee 
University, and his medical studies under the direction of 
his own father, a physician of skill and large experience 
in that State ; and graduated April, 1847, at the University 
of Pennsylvania, the alma mater of a large portion of our 
most distinguished American physicians. 

On receiving his diploma, the Western country, rapidly 
increasing in population, attracted his attention, and re- 
garding Ohio a favorable theatre for his future operations, 
he removed thither, establishing himself at Cincinnati, its 
most flourishing city, where he practiced his profession 
and prosecuted it successfully for several years. 

It was his good fortune, in this famed city of the West, 
to meet with the accomplished Miss Rebecca Palmer, to 
whom he subsequently, in the year 1852, became united in 
marriage, and who, by her steadfast affection and many 
virtues, has contributed largely to his domestic felicity. 
None, who are well acquainted with this fortunate couple, 
can deny that real marriages are made in heaven, and con- 
summated on earth for its adornment. Three children, the 
result of this union, were removed from the endearments 
of their fond parents by the mysterious hand of Provi- 
dence, almost in their infancy ; but one flower still remains 
to cheer them on life's pathway — the object of their most 
devoted affections, as well as proud anticipations, and who 
seems every way worthy to elicit both. 

While earnestly engaged in the practice of his profession 
at Cincinnati, a disease spread far and wide through the 
Western country, reaching to our Southern population, 
which produced the greatest alarm and consternation — the 
Asiatic cholera. He had been trained in the strictest 
school of the allopathists, as much so as Paul was in that 
of the Pharisees, and, to his gi'eat surprise, discovered that 
this terrible disease yielded, in most instances, to the treat- 
ment of the nearly universally proscribed homoepathists. 
With prejudices, almost invincible, ranged on the side of 
the old, orthodox, regular school of medicine in which he 
had been educated, he asked himself, in theological par- 
lance (for which he had a kind of reverence) : " Can any 
good thing come out of Nazareth ? Is empiricism at length 
entitled to carry off the laurels from the regular practi- 
tioner ? Is this wonderfully successful practice really em- 
pirical ? " And the answer of a monitor was heard within 
his breast : " Come and see ! " The prescriptions of the 
innovators were very simple. No hann could result from 
a resort to their infinitesimals, and he would try them. 
No novitiate must be passed thi-ough, no diploma obtained 
from their schools, to authorize him to do this. Nature, 
to him, was as open a book, and as complete a possession, 
as to them. He ti-ied the homoepathic remedies. He suc- 
ceeded admirably ; he became a homcEpathist. He still 
sustains the doctrines and practice of the new school by 
authorities quite satisfactory to himself and his patients, 
doctrines going beyond Hahnneman, back to the days of 



Lucretius, who was the real promulgator of the system. 

In 1864, Dr. Holcombe removed from Natchez, Miss., 
where he lived many years, to New Orleans. He has 
always devoted himself assiduously to his profession, and 
has a large practice, besides being a voluminous writer. 
His first works were, " The Scientific Basis of Homoeo- 
pathy," published in 1852; " Yellow Fever and its Homceo- 
pathic Treatment," appeared in 1856. His brochures, 
" What is Homoeopathy ? " and " How I became a Homoeo- 
pathits," were exceedingly popular, and ran through many 
editions, besides being reprinted in England and translated 
into the French language. He was, for many years, co- 
Editor of the North American Journal of HomwopatJiy, 
the leading publication of that school of medicine, and has 
contributed many articles to its pages. As a member of 
the American Institute of Homoeopathy, he has furnished 
that bpdy with some elaborate and instructive papers. Ho 
has, several times, been offered professorships in medical 
colleges, but preference for Southern climate and practice 
has prevented him from accepting them. 

In the department of authorship. Dr. Holcombe has given 
to the public four admirably written volumes, illustrative 
of the Swedenborgiau philosophy of mind and matter, 
bearing the following titles, viz : " Our Children in Heaven;" 
published in 1867; "The Sexes, Here and Hereafter," 
1868; "In Both Worlds," 1869; "The Other Life," 1870. 
To those fond of the transcendental ideas of the great 
Swedish sage, these works are very attractive. They have 
passed through many editions in the United States. Three 
of them have been reprinted in England, and two of them 
translated into German. 

Dr. Holcombe has published two volumes of Poems ; one 
in 1860, which first brought him favorably into notice as a 
vofary.of the Muse ; the second, entitled " Southern Vows," 
published in 1872, has endeared him to many Southern 
hearts by the tender and profound emotions and reminis- 
cences it has embodied in song. Another, on Southern 
topics, we understand, is shortly to follow, which will 
identify him still more with the land of his birth and the 
history of recent events. His pen is constantly employed 
In the cause of Medicine, Theology and Belles Letters, and 
much ipore than he has hitherto produced may be expected 
from so ready, copious and versatile a writer, if his life is 
spared. The amount of literary matter he has given to 
the world within the last decade, and that too of a high 
order of excellence, is truly surprising, when the engross- 
ing demands of an exacting profession are taken into ac- 
count, and can only be explained by supposing that he 
invariably pursues a certain method, and devotes more 
time to intellectual effort and less to relaxation and repose 
than is customary with most scholars. 



The Iron Foundry of Messrs. Leeds & Co. produces 
every variety of machineiy, that steamboats and manufac- 
tories reqiiire for extensive operations. It has been es- 
tablished many years, at the corner of Foucher and De- 
lord streets, and occupies nearly a whole square. The busi- 
ness-like and pi-ompt system practiced by the ci inductors, 
is known to all who require their aid upon the Mississippi. 



204 



JEWELL'S • CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



THE KNIGHTS OF MOMUS. 



Tbis is a new organization, having made its initial ap- 
pearance on New Year's eve, last. 

When it became known towards the end of the year 
1872 that another organization was in process of being 
formed, and that the night of December 31st would witness 
its first appearance, the curiosity which has always attend- 
ed such affairs was at once aroused. 

In a community where the spectacular appetite is so 
strong, and yet so epicurean, and where such gorgeous 
and elaborate efforts have already been successfully made, 
it was certainly no slight undertaking in the Knights of 
Momus to enter the arena, and promise an event worthy 
of addition to the memories of past pageants, and of com- 
parison with those which are to follow. 

Yet all this was confidently promised, and, as a conse- 
quence. New Orleans turned out in force, and the known 
route of he procession was, at an early hour, lined with 
expectant crowds. 

Need we say to any true lover of traditions that no 
happier selection of a subject could have been made than 
that which distinguished this event ? In that dim age 
which the masters of romance and poetry have peopled 
with grand figures, and to the beautifying of whi(rh the 
immortal Scott has lent his genius, are to be found the 
most majestic subjects of pageantry. The stark old days of 
Richard Coeur de Leon and of Godfrey de BouUlon, and 
the countless other personages who animate our legends 
and our songs, make a rich field from which to cull the 
very fau'est flowers of pageantry, and in this field our 
knights have roamed with unhinde<'ed feet, and culled a 
lavish wealth of beauties for our enjoyment. 

The sireless deity of raillery, who, in the dim old days 
of mirth, make gods the victims of his ridicule, and but 
hardly spared the matchless Aphrodite, daughter of the 
Foam, descends through the generous shadows of the cen- 
turies with a kindlier spirit, with a touch whose magic 
only beautifies, and the grim old motto " chtm vivimns 
vivamus" takes a better significance through the interpre- 
tation which his latter-day votaries have given it, and 
gives us the right to welcome his advent with every sin- 
cerity and pleasure. 

THE PKOCESSION 

Was of the gorgeous fashion peculiar to our festival 
pageants, and represented the principle figures in the 
grand tableau of the " Talisman." 

First came 

MOMUS — 1873. 

On either side of him ride his attendant knights, and so, 
with all appropriate surroundings, the pageant of Momus 
comes into full view, hemmed in by the rippling sea of 
eager faces, and shimmering in the radiance of a thousand 
lights. 

Then came the English Division headed by Devereux, 
the Lord of Giesland, bearing the standard of the Plan- 
tagenets. The Hermit of Engaddi and the Earl of Salis- 
bury follow. 

Here is Blondel, the faithful troubadour, whom Richard 



loved, and who, in the dark days when wily John turned 
traitor, and friends forgot their benefactor, showed that 
the devotion of the minstrel was a sweeter thing than the 
fearful friendship of the warrior. He holds the lyre which 
many a time soothed the fierce king's wayward heart, and 
near him sit Iloise and Calistra, Maids of Honor to the 
Queen. 

Upon the throne reclines 

RICHARD CCEUR DE LEGS' 

beneath a royal conopy, on which blaze the leopards and 
the crown of England. He never greatly loved the glory 
of the coui't, nor the sweet flavors of ladies' hands and 
eyes, and yet the 

ROYAL BERENGARIA 

who stands beside him now, was the loveliest woman of 
her day. The mellow sun of fair Navarre never shown on 
a statelier crest, nor did the love-lights ever dwell in 
deeper blue eyes. 

The French Division was composed of a cavalcade of 
knights and priests, noblemen and pages, in the midst of 
whom sits upon a dais 

PHILIP OF FRANCE, 

robed and crowned, magnificently attired in armor silken 
draped. On his right stands that famous prelate, 

THE ARCHBISHOP OF TYRE, 

who in the days of handsome men, was noted for his splen- 
did beauty, and in a court where magnificence of dress 
was the rule, was distinguished by his matchless costume. 
On the left the 

EARL OF CHAMPAIGNE, 

dressed in a complete armor. 

The Austrian Division was headed by 

LEOPOLD OF AUSTRIA, 

who, tall and strong and handsome, fair of face and hair, 
and brave as the lion whose effigy he wore, was yet an 
awkward and ungainly man, save when the gaudiun% cer- 
taminis infused his stalwarth frame and the fierce light of 
battle in his eye burnt only on his prey. 

Conrad of Montserrat stood by him here as he used to 
stand in war, and about him were the knights and pages 
and jesters of the Ducal household. 

Here comes the gigantic Wallenrode, of Hungary, with 
vizor drawn and the lion of his house upon his shield. 

And then, after the splendid christian cortege had passed, 
it was only fitting that our friends of Momus should give 
us some pictures of the nation against whom the crusade 
was directed. So it happened that the fourth platform 
was preceded by horsemen of another race from those who 
had gone before. Here were the representatives of that 
nation which, in those wild days, had drawn its myriads 
around the shrines and sepulchres of Palestine and made 
the hot sands of Syria sodden with the Christian's blood. 

Trooping down the streets of an American city, between 
rows of stately modem edifices came the dusky battalions 
of the Saracen-representatives of the race who could not 
be conquered, and who fought with blind savagery for 
things they only prized because the hated Christian de- 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



LQ01SIA1(A1:QH!TABL1, life IMSBBAHi 

ORGANIZED MAY, 1868. 



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Corner CARONDELET AND GRAVIER STREETS, 
isr©-ve" Orleans. 



IDIPlBCTOItS. 



CHARLES CAVABOC, 
C. n. SLOCOMB, 
DAVID WALLACE, 
W. B. SCHMIDT, 



GEO. A. FOSDICK, 
EDWARD EIGNET, 
E. J. HAET, 
JOHN HEKDERSON. 



JOHN I. ADAMS, 
A. THOMSON, 
S.\M'L M. TODD, 
S. CAMBON. 



JAMES I, DAT, 

D. B. PENN, 

E. B. BRIGGS 

E. H. F.UKCHILD, 



B. T. WALSHE. 
WM. CREEVY, 
J. W. STONE, 
E. A. TYLER, 



C. E. GIRARDET, 
JOSEPH ELLISON, 
WM, HENDERSON. 



. H. MOSS, 



IS/I E r> I C -A. Xi E X: -A- 3!vl I 3Sr E I^ s 

DR. HENRY SMITH, DR. SAM CHOPPIN, DR. J. H. LEWIS, 



DR. J. DICKSON BRUNS. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



207 



sired it. Tlieir swarthy faces and the barbaric splendor 
of their trapipings recalled the vanished eentui'ies and re- 
peopled the arid plains of Aci'c with Paynim and Crusa- 
der. 
To complete the picture here cames the dais of 

SALAUIN^. 

About his royal couch the semi-savage creatures of his 
household group themselves, the hideous deformed eunuch 
and voluptuous Odalisque making vivid contrasts with 
their matchless ugliness and beauty. And in the midst 
was Saladin himself, the splendid barbarian who divided 
with the lion-hearted Icing the crowns of history ; in whom 
Richard owned his equal in prowess as in generosity. 

It was a splendid pageant, and did fair justice to the gor- 
geous epoch from which its figures have been drawn. Our 
brethren of Momus have cast no flimsy gage into the lists, 
and they of Comus and Revelers must take heed of their 
laurels, for henceforth they will bo more hardly won. 

The usual Ball and Tableau at the Opera House com- 
pleted the affair, and as a matter of course, the tableaux 
were a reproduction of the procession. 

TABLEAU FIRST. 
The Defiance. 



King Richard trampling tlic Austrian Banner, 
at St. Gcoro'e's Monnt. 



-:o:- 



TABLEAU SECOND. 

The Council of the Crusade. 



Kichard's Reconciliation with Leopold. 

:o: 

TABLEAU THIRD. 
T'hc Victory. 



Defeat of Conrado of Montserrat by Sir Kenneth 
of the Leopard. 

:o: 

TABLEAU FOURTH. 
Ilonoring the Victor. 



" niffh place to thee in the Royal Court ; 
Iligli place in battle line : 
Where Beauty sees the brave resort, 
The honored meed be thine." 



•:o:- 



FINAL. 
A Happy Neio Year. 



The Ball was such as they have always been on similar 
occasions. The most select company of our city was pres- 
ent, and ignorance as to who were the hosts had no power 
to lessen the onjojinent. 

Thus teiminated their first entertainment. The ability 
and energy displayed by our Knights of Momus, their 
happy choice of subject, and the felicitous manner in which 
their ideal has been realized, gave us jrood reason to wel- 
come them in the present and anticipate their reappear- 
ance in the future with every expectation of pleasure. 



HON. JOHN McENERY. 



This distinguished civilian and gallant soldier was born 
at Petersburg, Va., March olst, 1833, the fifth child of Col. 
Henry O'Neal McEnery, a native of Limerick, Ireland. 
In early life his father emigrated from the old country to 
Virginia, where he formed a matrimonial alliance with Miss 
Caroline H. Douglas of James River, by whom he had 
eight children, only three of whom survive. He had a de- 
cided genius for military affairs, which soon developed it- 
self in the chivalrous state of his adoption, where he held 
the rank of Colonel of the Virginia militia for several years. 
In the year 1835, he removed to Moni-oe, Louisiana, be- 
came a planter, and, at the same time, filled, with reputa- 
tion to himself and advantage to the community, the posi- 
tion of Register of the Land Office for a period of eight 
years. His superior knowledge of land matters contrib- 
uted largely to the settlement of North Louisiana by emi- 
grants from other states, enabling him to furnish them with 
valuable information as to localities for settlement, &c. A 
practical man of business, distinguished for his intellectual 
activity and knowledge of public afiairs, few individuals, 
in that section of the state, exerted a more wide-spread in- 
fluence than Colonel McEnery. 

His son, the subject of this notice, received the rudi- 
ments of his education in the coniiiion schools of Monroe. 
In 1848, at the age of fifteen, he went to Hanover College, 
South Hanover, Indiana, and remained there till the fall 
of the year 1849. He then returned home, wrote for his 
father in the Land Office, and continued to prosecute his 
studies, and extend his information by assiduous and rar- 
ied reading. In 1850, he entered the law office of Isaial 
Garrett, Esq., of Monroe, La., a prominent and able lawyer 
read with him till 1852, attended the lectures of the Lav 
University of New Orleans during the sessions of 1852 an* 
1853, and graduated in due course. He immediately wert- 
into partnership with his brother, (J. D. McEnery, Esq., 
recently deceased) at Monroe, where he obtained a veiy 
fair practice in a short time. 

In 1856, Governor McEnery married Miss Mary Thom- 
son, daughter of the late Dr. Thomson, of Caldwell Parish, 
by whom he has had eight children, foui* of whom only are 
living. In 1857, he was, without solicitation, appointed 
Register of the Land Office at Monroe, La., a lucrative and 
responsible office, (previously held by his father,) and in 
the administration of which he gave general satisfaction. 
He occupied this unportant post till the year 1861, when 
Mr Buchanan removed him from it in consequence of his 
advocacy of Mr. Douglas's election to the Presidency, and 
his championship, on the stump, throughout the state, of 
the claims of that distinguished senator to the first office 
in the gift of the people. Had Mr. Douglas succeeded in 
that canvass, little doubt is now entertained by any party 
that the secession of the Southern states would never have 
taken place, or, if it had, that the war, inaugurated by Mr. 
Lincoln, would never have occurred. 

He now resumed the j)ractice of the law, but, immediate- 
ly upon the commencement of the war, waged by the Fed- 
eral executive, by and with the consent of his cabinet, and 



208 



JEWELL'S ORESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



the military aid supplied by the governors of seven North- 
ern states, he entered the Confederate army as captain of 
a company of infantry, was soon promoted to a majority, 
and, subsequently, to the grade of lieutenant-colonel, com- 
manding the 4th Louisiana Battalion. He served, with 
gallantry and distinction, in the campaign of 1861, in "West 
Virginia, in Kanawa, under General Floyd — was ordered 
to Richmond, and, in the winter of 1862, was sent with his 
battalion to Savannah, Ga., — that place, as well as Charles- 
ton, S. C, being then threathened. In front of Savannah, 
he held the advanced posts. General Lee then command- 
ed there. He has now in his possession a friendly note, 
(which he highly prizes) under the hand of that illustrioiis 
personage, complimenting him for his dispositions, en- 
trenchments, «&c. 

In 1863, he was ordered to Charleston, and participated 
with his command in the celebrated battle of Secesslonville, 
on James Island, January 16th, 1863. His battalion ar- 
rived at the fort in time to save the day, and, consequent- 
ly, to save the City of Charleston. The Southern troops 
were driven out of the fort. The battalion under his com- 
mand recovered it, and drove back the enemy, who were 
ten tim«s their number. He was complimented in the 
General Orders, and the citizens of Charleston, always 
alive to feats of chivalry and bold daring, showered honors 
on him and his command. 

Governor McEnery also figui-ed in the battles of Jack- 
son, Miss., of Chicamauga, of Dalton, Resaca, &c., &c., and 
was wounded twico, which disabled him for nearly a year. 

At the Conclusion of the war, he resumed the practice of 
the law, in which he was successful. In 1866, he was elect- 
ed a member of the popular branch of the state legislature, 
and served till 1867, when he was disfranchised by the soi 
disant 14th Constitutional Amendment of the Reconstruc- 
tion committee of the Federal Congress. He now devoted 
himself, with renewed and increased energy, to his chosen 
profession ; and the law, iu his case, as with many states- 
men, proved for him the stepping-stone to political emi- 
nence. Probably his lii-m adherence to principle, and the 
gallantry he had so often displayed on the battle-fields of 
the Southern Confederacy, were in a still higher degree, 
elements of his popularity with the high-toned and true- 
hearted masses of his fellow citizens. Suffice it to say, 
that, in June, 1871, he was nominated, almost with accla- 
mation, by the Democratic convention, and, in July, by the 
Democratic and Refoi'ui pai'ties, and, in Auguat, by the 
Democratic and Liberal pai'ty, for the office of governor 
of Louisiana, then reduced to the lowest stage of political 
degradation by Fedei'al speculators and spendthrifts. The 
state, in eonsfquence of the nearly universal apathy that 
prevailed among its friends after the war, and its total in- 
difference to politics, had, without due reflection — with- 
out " looking liefore and after " — sui-reudered all its gieat 
interests. State and Federal, into the hands of a set of des- 
perate sharpers and adventurers, y'clept " carpet-baggers," 
who flocked hither in large numbers, after the Southern 
can 56 was lost, in order to share the spoils of an ill-gotten 
victory ; and who, by seizing on the reins of government, 
and using their power only to enrich themselves, have re- 



duced this once opulent state and flourishing city to the 
very brink of bankruptcy and ruin. In the year 1871, the 
friends of civil liberty and state rights made a bold and 
united effort to throw off the incubus of this disgraceful 
and pernicious misgovernment. Governor McEnery ad- 
vanced gallantly into the breach, as the trusted file-leader 
of the large party which advocated reform in state and mu- 
nicipal affairs, and the restoration of the original principles 
of the Federal constitution, and, with heavy odds against 
him, will, we trust, come off victor in the contest as he did 
in the famed battle of Secessionville, during the late war. 
Louisiana has again unfurled the state rights banner to the 
breeze, and other states. North as well as South, who were 
once independent, look to the result of her present politi- 
cal controversy with " the powers that be " with intense 
and ti-embling interest, knowing that their own fate will, 
in all piobabUity, be involved in that of down-trodden 
Louisiana, if she does not, at an early date, extricate her- 
self from the dangers which now threathen her very exis- 
tence as an independent member of the Federal union. 

Governor McEnery unites a naturally strong and vigor- 
ous intellect with great sweetness of temper and extraor- 
dinary firmness and singleness of purpose. He is a man of 
action, and, having once adopted a plan that meets the ap- 
proval of his judgment, suffers nothing to divert him from 
its accomplishment, and is subject to none of those outside 
influences which have degi-aded the American character in 
this age of political corruption. A thorough conviction of 
his honesty, of his steadfast adherence to principle under 
all cu-cumstances, of the transparency and simplicity of his 
character, and his lion-like eoui-age, has made him, wher- 
ever he is known, a universal favorite. No indi^ddual, in 
the midst of times of high party excitement, was ever more 
remarkable for the equanimity of his temper, nor for the 
self-possession and cool deliberation with which he addreses 
himself to the discussion of subjects and the adoption of 
measui'es. The style of his proclamations and public 
speeches, is equally marked by strength and terseness, 
while it exhibits no vicious fondness for rhetorical orna- 
ment. He is certainly an impressive speaker. In social 
life, he is rather reticent than loquacious, and never ob- 
trudes his opinions unasked. 

Governor McEnery is a conservative politician, opposed 
to everything like proscription. He is a friend to immi- 
gration from all lands and all sections that can supply the 
state with good citizens, and is disposed to do equal justice 
to all parties and all classes of men among us. 



THE ORLEANS COTTON PRESS. 



This vast establishment fronts on the Mississippi, vvm- 
ning back on Roiifignac and New Levee streets. The 
ground occupied is six hundred and thirty-two by three 
hundred and eight feet, and is nearly covered by the build- 
ings. The whole was built according to designs made by 
Charles F. Zimpel, begun in 1833, and completed in 1835, 
at a cost, including the site, of 8753,558. The front on 
the river, although having no pretensions to architectural 
effect, is still, from its location and extent, quite impressive. 
This press can store twenty-five thousand bales of cotton ; 
and compresses on an average, one hundred and filty thou- 
sand bales per annum ; but its capacity is much greater. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




CHRISTIAN ROSELIUS, ESQ. 



JEWELL'S OEESCENT CITT ILLUSTEATED. 




If,- eEiiEiiii faiM*is 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



211 



HON. HORATIO N. OGDEN. 



This eloquent and accomplished advocate was born in 
Adams County, Mississippi, August 1st, 1840. He is the 
son of Hon. Abner Nash Ogden, fonnerly Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of Louisiana, and great-gi-andson, in the ma- 
ternal line, of Abner Nash, a distinguished lawyer of North 
Carolina, and during the revolutionary era, Governor of 
that State, who died in Philadelphia while a member of the 
first American Congress. He is descended from the New 
Jersey branch of the Ogden family, of which Governor 
Aaron Ogden and Colonel Mathias Ogden, of General Wash- 
ington's staff, were illustrious members, his great-grand- 
father, in the paternal line, having been a Presbyterian 
minister, and brother of Col. M. Ogden, just named. He is 
directly descended from John Ogden, who was knighted by 
King Charles Second on account of services rendered to 
his ill-fated father. 

The subject of this sketch enjoyed all the advantages of 
a grammar-school education, and graduated at Oakland 
College, Miss., in the year 1858. As a student he was re- 
markable for a high ambition, and for his facility in the ac- 
quisition of knowledge. He was particularly fond of intel- 
lectual philosophy, moral science, rhetoric and oratory, and 
excelled as a graceful and impressive speaker in all the col- 
lege exercises, whether at the public exhibitions, or the de- 
bates of the literary society of which he was a member. In 
manliness of character and vigor of intellect, he was recog- 
nized by both Faculty and students, as occupying the 
front rank, and as possessing accomplishments which 
would fit him for eminence at the bar, which was then un- 
derstood to be the profession of his choice. 

He pursued his legal studies under the direction of his 
eminent father, and graduated in the Law School of New 
Orleans in the class of 1860, at the age of nineteen years, 
on which occasion he delivered the Valedictory Address. 
To the ability and accui-acy of Professor Roselius, he has 
always attributed, in a large measure, his subsequent suc- 
cess as a lawyer. 

He had scarcely entered on the practice of his profession 
when the war commenced, in which, like every true South- 
erner, capable of bearing aiins, he took an active part. He 
entered the Confederate service as a Lieutenant of Artillery, 
and was stationed near the city until its capture in 1862. 

He assisted in erecting the first batteries upon Walnut 
Hill at Vieksburg, and took pai-t in the defence of that place, 
until it was surrendered by Pemberton in July, 1863. After 
the fall of Vieksburg, he was detached from the Western 
Army, and placed on ordnance duty by the Secretary of War. 

On the conclusion of hostilities, he surrendered with the 
Army of General Joseph E. Johnson, and remained at Hills- 
boro. North Carolina, for at least six- months, where he 
taught school in order to secure the means of returning 
home with his family, consisting of his wife and two children, 
and who were at that time with him. 

In December, 1871, he was appointed a member of the 
Committee of Fifty by Judge Lea, took an active part in 
the proceedings of the Committee, and finally Introduced 
the Resolution which called the great meeting of citizens 



on the 17th February 1872, from which sprang the Reform 
party. As chaiiman of the Sub-Committee of ten he pro- 
posed the address read upon that occasion, and afterwards 
gave shape to the policy of the new party in the address 
of the Provisional Central Committee which was written by 
him as chainnan of the Sub-Committee on Address. His 
great aim, in this movement, was to form a basis of recon- 
ciliation of the two races in Louisiana, and expel corruption- 
ists, of every complexion, from offices of the State. 

He was nominated for the oflice of Attorney'General first 
by the Conference Committees of the Democratic and Re- 
form parties. The resvilt of that conference having been 
accepted by the Reformers, but rejected by the Democrats, 
he was subsequently nominated by the Democrats, and de- 
clined the nomination. He was afterwards nominated by 
a Conference Committee of Democrats and Rei'onners, which 
nomination he accepted. 

The canvass commenced at a barbecue at Monroe, Lou- 
isiana, when he was present, and, in a speech, severely 
condemned the idea of affiliating with Governor War- 
mouth for any purpose. He was bitterly opposed to that 
alliance and fought hard against the fusion which finally 
took place in August, while he was absent from the State. 
By that fusion his name was retained on the ticket, on the 
demand of the Democratic party. He was finally induced 
to make the canvass for this new ticket upon the ground 
that his opinions had been overruled by the masses of his 
own people, and that, to make further resistance, might 
contribute strength to the Republican ticket nominated at 
Baton Rouge. When the struggle came, the result was, 
that he was -elected, by a large majority, to the office of 
Attorney General. He will continue to hold and exercise 
the duties of the office, if the will of the people, fairly ex- 
pressed at the polls, prevails. In the present anomalous 
condition of affairs in this commonwealth, encumbered as 
it is with two Legislatui-es, two Governors and two sets of 
State officials, each claiming to exercise the supreme power, 
and the party in the minority being sustained by Federal 
authority, regardless of the popular will, it is difficult to see 
what, under the circumstances, save anarchy and misrule, 
will be the result. It seems probable, at present, that the 
American experiment of the self-government of independent 
states has, as was long since predicted by the monarchists 
of the old world, proved a decided failure. 

Mr. Ogden is already a prominent member of the New 
Orleans bar. This position he has attained mainly by his 
ready and fascinating eloquence, a rare accomplishment. 
To this he adds as much legal lore as could be expected to 
be acquired by one who has been so short a time at the bar. 
His practice is good, and on the increase, and we anticipate 
for him in the future, both in the waUis of his profession 
and in the stormy field of politics, and the higher one of 
statesmanship, a career of usefullness and honor. 

On the subject of religion, he adheres to the faith of his 
ancestors, and is a decided Presbyterian, — being an active 
and exemplary member of Rev. Mr. Markham's church in 
this city. In his manners, he is gentle and coui-teous to all, 
possessing those characteristics which not only render him a 
valuable and influential citizen, but a favorite of the people. 



212 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




COL. DA*NIEL EDWARDS. 



This eminent manufacturer and distinguished citizen 
was born at Liverpool, England, Auguist 6th 1814. He ar- 
rived in New Orleans, which was to be his future home 
and the scene of his useful labors, on the 27th day of May 
18-37 ; went to Texas for a couple of years with a view to 
business engagements in that thriving State, but returned 
to the Crescent City in the month of May 1837. He became 
from this time forth, identified, as an engineer, with the 
Sugar interest not only of Louisiana, but of the entire 
South. His flist contract, in this capacity, was to take off 
the crop of Judge Porter, of Attakappa.s From that 
period until the year 1848, he entered into engagements 
for putting up Sugar MUls and engines, &c., throughout 
the entii-e State, as well as in Florida and Texas. 

He first commenced business in New Orleans in 1848, 
and, in 1853, built a large establishment for carrying it on, 
on New Levee and Front streets. That location, becom- 
ing very valuable, he disposed of it to J. M. Lewis, Esq., 
and, in 1869, built the edifice now occupied by his fli-m, 
(Daniel and James D. Edwards,) having purchased the 
ground in 1866, it being a portion of the "Batture Prop- 
erty." 

We extract the following interesting account of this firm 
from the New Orleans Merchants Senii-Annual Ad- 
vertiser : 

" The firm was established in 1848, on Tchoupitoulas 
street, and, in 1860, was removed to a larger building on 
the then new Levee street, which runs through to Tchoup- 
itoulas street, on the property of the late John McDonough. 
The business so rapidly increased, that, in the year 1853, 
Mr. Edwards erected new shops on the opposite or Levee 
street." 

" J. D. Edwards, the junior member of the firm, is a son 
of the founder of the same. Theii- specialty consists of 



the manufacture of copper trains for the making of sugar 
and molasses. They also make all articles of copper, 
brass, and sheet iron work of good quality. "A. S. Cam- 
eron's Special Steam Piunp," is also sold by them as agents. 
It is a pump peculiarly fitted for feeding boilers aboard of 
ship, or supplying mills, sugar houses refineries and 
rail roads. "Woodward's Patent Steam Pump, " is another 
valuable article for which they are agents, and for which 
the utility of the machine and the reputation of this firm, 
have established a very large demand. It ie particularly 
adapted for pumping cane juice and other plantation 
liquids. "Dreyfus' Patent Self-oilers," for locomotives and 
marine and stationary engines, is a convenient appliance 
for which they are also agents. They are al.so agents foi" 
lump lumbago, a patent lubricator, unequalled for economy 
in use ; also, gi-aphite axle-grease, the cheapest and best in 
the southera market. They also sell the American Steam 
Guage Comjiany's Ya<'uum Steam Giiages, and all other 
manufactures required for use in this market. 

" Th • above mentioned works have achieved a grea' 
Southern reputation. They are located in Delta street, 
fronting the Mississippi river, one square above Canal 
street. These buildings cover an acre of ground, all of 
brick, and two stories in height. One of the largest 
buildings is 110x137^ feet. They employ thirty work- 
men. 

" This is the largest and best conducted establishment of 
the kind in the Southern States. Their sugar trains are 
great improvements upon the former system of sugar and 
molasses manufacture. They are labor saving machines, 
conduce to the cleanliness and purity of the article pro- 
duced, and by them a better j-ield from the same amount cf 
care, can be had than by the old unimproved process. The 
great extent to which the qultivation is being extended to 
the Southern States, promises a large sale for this sugar 
train. Its favorable reception and well-known value, 
throughout the sugar producing country, will make it hard 
to be pushed out by competing machines. 

" While recently in New Orleans, we were shown sam- 
ples of sugar made by these trains. It is of much better 
quality than the common product. It secured the first pre- 
mium at the Louisiana State Fair,and was made by McCall & 
Bro., of the Parish of Ascension. We also saw samples of 
sugar made by P. J. Kennedy, of the Parish of Jefferson, 
which took the second premium agaiust a number of as- 
piiing competitors. 

" The style, finish and durability of their machinery is a 
full guarantee to planters that it wUl do all the work its 
manufacturers say it will, and do it effectually, ecorvpm- 
ically, cleanly and rapidly. These sugar trains are the 
products of long experience and knowledge of the wants 
of Planters. They know fully the wants of the sugar 
house, and, connected with this machine, is everything 
necessary and requii-ed. These trains are manufactui-ed 
and placed in position on the plantations imder the fonnal 
supervision of this responsible film. Hence planters can 
rely that their purchasers will meet their demands fully. 
They have had such great experience, that planters can 
consult them to advantage for the location of their works, 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




Oinn 's m e! i\ m^it .ww 



E^mim M&ihum 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



215 



and they are able to furnish plans and specifications for all 
changes in sugar houses, mills, engines, vacuum pans, cen- 
trifugals for drying sugar, etc. The cheapness and dura- 
bility of the trains fui-nished by the firm of D. & J. .D 
Edwards, have stimulated the cultivation of sugar in some 
places. No planter should be without one. They are 
made of a size, and cost, to suit the individual wants of 
purchasers, and have, in a multitude of instances, given 
practical proofs of their superiority to all other trains. 
Planters throughout the South should avail themselves of 
the facilities offered them by this firm, for making cheap 
and good products from cane. They guarantee to do their 
work as good and as cheap as any, and we have no hes- 
itancy in saying, that their long experience of the practical 
wants of the sugar house enables them to give their trains 
more complete adaptation to the requirements of planta- 
tions. We are glad to note the prosperity of this active 
and reliable firm. It has only to become known to quad- 
ruple its sales. 

" Their machinery consist of one fan blower, six lathes, 
two gas pipe machines for cutting pipes and thread, two 
drill presses, two bolt cutting machines, one power press 
for punching washers, etc., one large planer, and two emery 
polish machines. 

" They are also agents for all kinds of wrought and gal- 
vanized iron pipes and fittings for steam, water and gas ; 
also, steam and gas-fitters' tools, force pumps, brass work 
for steam and water, water-guages, ratchets, wrenches, wire 
brushes, jacks, screw pulley blocks, and many other valua- 
ble articles." 

» » » ♦ * * * 

" Such manufacturing fii-ms have a great work to per- 
form. They have it in their power to develop a new in- 
dustry, to furnish remunerative employment to thousands 
of people, to bring under cultivation thousands of now idle 
acres, and to be the indirect agents of adding to the indi- 
vidual and the national wealth." 

Col. Edwards, in 1869, purchased property adjoining the 
establishment above described, on which he is now erecting 
an elegant three story brick building, on the comer of 
Gravier, Front and Delta streets. He commenced business 
with a small capital. He has now the largest Copper and 
Brass estabUshment, east or west of the mountains. 

It is doubtless more to the interests of planters who 
wish to have proper engines and machines for their sugar 
operations, to have them made on the spot, where they can 
examine the style of workmanship and strength of material, 
than to order them from distant points, such as Cincinnati, 
or other Western cities, inasmuch, as, in the latter case 
they cannot judge of their fittness to meet their require- 
ments, until they receive them. We have had an opportu- 
nity to visit the extensive establishment of Col. Edwards 
in this city, and from & careful exnmination of all its ap- 
pointments, feel authorised to advise all those who wish to 
equip their plantations with the best kind of engines and 
machinery for the manufacture of sugar in all its processes, 
to visit the same and examine and judge for themselves, be- 
fore they go elsewhere, and to employ their highly skillful 
and approved engineers in supervising the erection of 



mills on their plantations, which they do on the most rea- 
sonable and accommodating terms. They will be as sur- 
prised and pleased as we were to see what a large stock of 
material suited to the wants of sugar manufacturers, tliey 
have on hand ; also, all necessary equipments for steam- 
boats, steamships, locomotives, railroads, distilleries and 
breweries, which they sell at New York prices. 

Col. Edwards has occupied various conspicuous and in- 
fluential stations besides that of an engineer. In 1850, he 
was appointed Aid-de-Camp to Governor Jos. Walker, and 
to each consecutive Governor until the breaking out of the 
late war. At a later period, he was appointed one of the Ad- 
ministrators of the University of Louisiana, was elected 
member of the Mechanics' Society in 1850, and served two 
years in the capacity of both its President and Treasurer. 
He was instrumental in carrying a bill through the Lesisla- 
tnre for the erection of the edifice belonging to that Society 
after its first building had been destroyed by fire. In June 
1872 he was elected President of the Polytechnic Institute 
and holds that distinguished position at this time. He is,in 
a word, one of the most enterprising, prosperous and pub- 
lic-spirited of our citizens, and his in^uence is deeply and 
beneficially felt in the various walks of life and Bociety. 



THOMAS MULLIGAN ESQ. 



Mr. Mulligan was born in the town of Raphoe, and 
County of Donegal, in the North of Ireland. In 1880, he 
emigrated to America, settling in Mobile, (Ala.,) in the 
month of October of that year, where he remained nine 
years. He afterwards spent two years in Montgomery, 
and one in Lowndes County in that State. In June, 1847, 
he removed to New Orleans, and has resided hei'e ever 
since. 

As a modest, unobtrusive, skilfvd artisan, Mr. Mulligan 
has acquired a reputation which entitles him to considera- 
tion and notice in this work. He is chiefly known as a 
master builder, having put up some of the finest buildings 
in the city. Among those are St. Alphonso's Parochial 
School, on St. Andrew street; the Academy of the Holy Cross, 
in the Third District, corner of Love and Congress streets ; 
St. Vincent's Infant Orphan Asylum, corner of Magazine 
and Race streets ; St. Elizabeth's Orphan Asylum, on Na- 
poleon avenue ; St. Mary's Dominican Convent, and the 
magnificent Church of St. John the Baptist, on Dryades 
street, and two Parochial School-houses, in St. Theresa's 
Parish, on Erato street. Of all these handsome edifices ho 
drew the plans, with the exception of the Church of St. 
John the Baptist, which was designed by the distinguished 
architet, Albert Dietiell, Esq. 

No master builder among us is more'constantly oecupiod 
than Ml-. .Mulligan — none is more energetic, none exhibits 
a sounder judgment or a finer taste in building. Tlds is 
evinced by the above-named ecclesiastical and educational 
edifices, and others not here enumerated, all of which are 
highly ornamental to the city. 

We add, with pleasure, that among our adopted fellow 
citizens, none are more highly esteemed for their quiet, im- 
ostentatious virtues than Mr. Mulligan. 



216 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



ROBERT M. LUSHER, ESQ.. 



The foiiner State Superintendent of Public Education 
for Louisiana, (from December, 1865, to July, 1868), and 
lately reelected to that important post, was born at Charles- 
ton, S. C, and was the youngest son of parents who were 
in easy circumstances, and both of them members of the 
Scotch Presbyteiian Church. His rudimentary education 
was received in private schools at Charleston, up to the 
age of thirteen years. His health having been impaired 
by close application to study, he engaged, for a couple of 
years, in the active duties of a clerk in the bookstore of S. 
Babcock & Co. 

In 1837, he was induced to visit Washington city, where 
he pursued the study of Arehitectui'e, under the guidance 
and counsel of his uncle, Mr. Robert Mills, the able and 
well known author of " Statistics of South Carolina," and 
other works, who had been State Engineer of South Caro- 
lina in 1827-8, and subsequently the Architect of the 
Washington Moinxnient in Baltimore, and who, in 18.37, 
was the Government Architect at Washington, where he 
designed and was siSpervising the erection of the Patent 
Office, Treasury Office and General Post Office buildings. 
His nephew's duty was to draw from the Architect's 
sketches or outlines, the working and other detailed dia- 
grams for contractors and mechanics, which gav« him 
ample opportunities for acquiring a practical acquaintance 
with the art which Vitui-ius enthusiastically terms, the 
Mater omitium artimn et Scientiarum. 

Young Lusher, however, influenced by tlie brilliant con- 
versation of Alexander Dimitry, then in his prime, and 
other scholars of distinction frequenting his uncle's dwel- 
ling, ardently desired greater scholastic advancement, and 
therefore, with his mother's consent entered the famous 
College of the .Jesuit Fathers, at Georgetown, D. C, where 
he remained during the years 1841 and 1842, studying with 
unflagging zeal, and rising rapidly through the various 
grades, under the guidance of enlightened instructors. 
Rev. Dr. Ryder, an eloquent divine, was then President, 
and I athers Fenwick, Jenkins, Ward and Curley, the 
chief Pi-ofessors ; and Hon. Thomas J. Semmes, (now of 
New Orleans), Brigadier General W. S. Walker, Hon. 
Hugh Caperton, of Georgetown, D. C, Judge Adonis 
Petit, of Iberville, La., and other Louisiana gentlemen, 
were alumni of the College. 

After completing his scholastic education, Mr. Lusher 
remained in Washington city until July, 1842, aiding his 
uncle in di-awing plans, enjoying the privileges of the Con- 
gressional Library, listening to debates in Congress, and 
occasionally writing for the Washington Globe and Intel- 
ligencer. , 

In July, 1842, he removed to Louisiana, in company with 
Professor Alexander Dimitry's family (Mrs. Dimitry being 
his cousin), and domicilated in the Parish of St. Charles 
{'If) miles above New Orleans), where he was engaged 
chiefly as assistant teacher in Professor Dimitry's Col- 
legiate Academy, but devoted his leisui-e moments to the 
study of Sir William Blackstone, Domat, and the Civil 
Code of Louisiana, preparatory to a regular course of law. 



In 1840, Professor Dimitry having been appointed Super- 
intendent of the Third District schools, Mr. Lusher 
removed to New Orleans, where he continued teaching 
private classes and writing for the New Orleans journals. 
In 1847, dm-ing the sickness of the veteran editor, Peter 
K. Wagner, he was invited to edit the English columns of 
the Louisiana Couriei', continuing in this service till April, 
1848, when he was requested by an estimable friend, N. R. 
Jennings, Esq.. to assume the post of Deputy Clerk of the 
United States District Court for Louisiana. Soon after he 
was appointed by Hon. T. H. McCaleb (United States 
Judge) a Commissioner of the United States for taking 
testimony, inquiring into offences on the high seas, assess- 
ing damages in Admiralty cases, etc., and continued in the 
discharge of the duties of these offices until the final clos- 
ing of the court in 1861 (the date of the secession of 
Louisiana). With what degi-ee of satisfaction to the bai- 
and the court the functions were performed the practi- 
titioners of that period can testify. Dui'ing his official 
career in this court he counselled thousands of foi'eign 
born citizens as to the steps needed for their admission 
as citizens, and the obligations imposed thereby. 

His study of the law was meanwhile continued in the 
Law Department of the Univei'sity of Louisiana under 
the able and courteous direction of Professors McCaleb, 
R. Hunt, Roselius, Hennen, Johnson, Monroe, and Mayes. 
He was admitted in 1853 to practice in the State District 
Courts and the Supreme Court. Official attention to the 
U. S. Coui'ts, however, allowed only an occasional exercise 
of his profession. 

From 1854 to 1862, during which time Mr. Lu.sher was 
a director of the public schools of the Fii'.st District, he 
devoted every possible moment of leisui'e to a personal 
inspection of the schools, inciting the pupils of the inter- 
mediate schools to a more careful study and application of 
English grammar, and encouraging the teachers in their 
efforts to develop the thinking faculty in all the branches. 
The subsequent examination of candidates for the high 
schools, particularly after the system of written examina- 
tions was introduced by Superintendent W. O. Rogers, 
showed clearly the improving efiTects of such a method. 

As Chairman for five years of the Committee on the 
High School for Boys, Mr. Lusher counselled and tipheld 
the principal and assistants in the discharge of their 
duties, and in a general expansion of the ciu-ricuhim of 
the school, supervised the examinations of candidates, and, 
occasionally, in the absence of the principal, assumed the 
direction of the school. The energetic Samuel H. Torrcy, 
and the accomplished and faithful Robert McNair and W. 
McGregor, were Principals of the High School diiring this 
period, with John H. McNair in the Chair of Mathematics, 
and Prof. Marc Roux in" the French Department. He 
aided, also, in the general improvemftit of the High School 
for Girls. 

As Chairman, for six years, of the Committee on Teachers 
(examinations were then protracted and rigid), he warmly 
encouraged the graduates of the High and Normal Schools 
in their aspirations for emploj-ment, but rigidly observed, 
in his recommendations to the Board, the just policy of 



Pi 



<w^ 







JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



219 



promoting capable and experienced teachers already in the 
schools before electing others to positions. He also intro- 
duced the method of attaching Normal graduates or senior 
pupils as supernumeraries to the respective Public Schools, 
thus enabling the principals of such schools to fill a 
vacancy in the teaching corps without delay. 

Teachers in those days in New Orleans were selected 
with careful reference to their moral qualifications and 
teaching faculties, as well as to their scholastic proficiency, 
and removals were rare, and, indeed, never made without 
dispassionate investigation. The political status of an ap- 
plicant was not even inquired into. 

As Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Normal 
School, opened in 1857, in the First District, and recog- 
nized in 18G0 as the State Normal School, Mr. Lusher was 
untiring in his efforts to rear an institution for the me- 
thodical training of teachers for the Public Schools of the 
city and State, and was ably seconded in this design by W. 
O. Rogers, Esq., then Superintendent of the First District 
School, and by teachers of approved experience and 
capacity, such as Mrs. A. R. Paugard, Mrs. K. Shaw, Mrs. 
A. Y. Wengle, and Miss Jane Benedict, under whose en- 
lightened instruction three or more classes of competent, 
energetic young teachers were (ere June, 1862, when the 
school was suspended by the war) graduated with honor 
and distinction. Most of these young ladies had received 
a fair scholastic education in the High Schools of the city, 
or other institutions of similar grade, and, with the greater 
maturity of judgment and firmer hold of knowledge and 
teaching experience, acquired by two years professional 
teaching in the Normal School, they found no difiSculty in 
secui-ing employment in the Public Schools, and in rising^ 
from year to year, through the various assistants' grades. 
Several of them are still employed in teaching as princi- 
pals in the Public Schools, or in floui-ishing private schools 
in the city and elsewhere. 

In association with his intimate friend, N. R. Jennings, 
Esq., to whose liberal hospitality and enlightened discrimi- 
nation the larger pupils of the Public Schools, and the 
citizens, generally, were mdebted during a series of years 
for instruction and brilliant courses of lectures in Lyceum 
Hall, by such notable men of science as the astronomer, 
Prof. Mitchell; the profound and versatile naturalist, 
Agassiz;'the erudite and eloquent mathematician. Prof. 
Gould, of Boston ; the famous eclectic Egyptian archaeolo- 
gist, Gliddon ; the learned Grecian archaeologist and limner, 
Koeppens, and others. Mr. Lusher labored.to build up the 
Lyceum Library on a fii-m basis, and to expand the useful- 
ness of the Society. At his instance the privileges of life- 
membership in the Library were extended, on liberal terms, 
to all the children of the city, and to all adults who were 
disposed to aid in creating an accummulating fund for the 
support and enlargement of the Library. Prior to this 
action on his part, none but contributing pupils of the 
First District Schools were admitted to life-membership in 
the Library. 

Mr. Lusher was also, for several years, Vice-President 
of the First District School Board, and often acted as 
President dm-ing the necessary absence of Dr. W. B. 
Lindsay. 



During the existence of the Confederacy, Mr. Lusher 
was domiciled chiefly in Columbia, S. C, and Shrcveport, 
La., exercising important trusts in connection with the 
Confederate Courts and the Treasury Department. He 
had joined the Volunteer Company of " Louisiana Guards ' 
in New Orleans, but was called out of service by Mr. Mem- 
minger, who was then Secretary of the Treasury. 

In the Fall of 1865, the war having closed, Mr. Lusher, in 
association with Mr. "W. 0. Rogers, opened the first session 
of his Commercial and Classical Academy in the basement 
of Trinity Church, comer of Jackson and Coliseum streets. 
The patronage extended to this school was, and has con- 
tinued to be, of a very gratifying character. 

The City Superintendency of the Public Schools was 
offered, about this time, to Mr. Lusher by Glendy Burke, 
Esq., then President of the Board of Directors of the City 
Schools, but he declined it, suggesting, 1st. That Prof. 
Alexander Dimitry, who had been the first organizer of 
Public Schools in rural Louisiana, as State Supeiintendent 
in 1847, be invited to New Orleans to ■ ssume the City 
Superintendency ; or, 2d. That W. O. Rogers, an experi- 
enced and excellent administrator, be appointed to the 
post, which he had already worthily filled. Mr. Rogers 
was subsequently elected to the Superintendency of the 
City Schools, and so remained until April, 1870, when the 
new Public School Law deprived the city of his valuable 
services. In 1865 Mr. Lusher was elected State Superin- 
tendent of Public Education, and the Reports submitted, 
in 1866 and 1867, to the Legislature, and the Digest of 
School Laws, compiled in the latter year by Mr. Lusher, 
now embodied in the public records of the State, eloquently 
testify to the ability and unflagging zeal with which he 
labored for the promotion of general education. 

On November 21st, 1867, Mr. Lusher was removed from 
office by General Mower, on the pretext of being an " im- 
pediment to reconstruction." (On what evidence has never 
been ascertained.) General Mower's order having been 
suspended by the President, and he himself superceded by 
General Hancock, the latter revoked the order of removal 
and restored the Superintendent and other State officers 
to their positions. 

In April, 1868, while Mr. Lusher was still acting as Super- 
intendent, the Rev. Barnas Sears, D. D., General Agent of 
the Peabody Education Fund, visited New Orleans, and, 
after conferring with him, requested him to act as Agent 
for Louisiana. Mr. Lusher having then suggested that he 
would probably soon have to vacate the office of Superin- 
tendent (a successor having been elected under the Consti- 
tution of 1868), Dr. Sears expressed the desire that he 
would accept the trust personally, or independently of his 
tenure of the State Superintendency. This was done, and 
Mr. Lusher has ever since been exercising the Agency 
(without salary) in conformity to Dr. Sears' instructions. 
It is well known to the people of the State that to his zeal- 
ous and disinterested labors as Agent, have been due, in a 
great measure, the existence and prosperity of several ele- 
mentary schools in rural Louisiana, in which upwards of 
three thousand children have received free instruction, as 
well as of various Normal Departments in existing Colleges 



220 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



and Institutes, including the " Straight University " in this 
city, and the New Orleans Normal School, and its nobly 
named successor, the " Peabody Normal Seminary," in 
which nearly three hundred young persons have been reared 
without charge, and trained professionally for the exercise 
of the teacher's vocation. 

In November, 1872, Mr. Lusher was again elected by the 
people Superintendent of Public Education, the position 
he now fills. 

In September, 1851, Mr. Lusher had been united with 
Miss Augusta C. Salomon, eldest daughter of our old fel- 
low-citizen, E. Salomon, Esq. Of the sis children born of 
this marriage, but one — the last — now survives, a boy in 
his twelfth year. Two daughters, reared to the ages of 
eleven and eight respectively, died in the Confederacy in 
May, 1863. The other childi'en all died in their infancy. 

In conclusion, we may say that Mr. Lusher has done 
good service to the Commonwealth. From youth to man- 
hood, of which he is now nearing his prime, he has been 
more devoted to the public interests than to his own ad- 
vancement. No individual in Loui-iana, probably no citi- 
zen of the United States, has been more deeply devoted to 
the cause of education, in an age when knowledge consti- 
tutes the basis and crowning glory of free institutions, and 
none has brought higher intelligence, greater ardor, more 
incorruptible fidelity, and more untiring labors to the 
cause. In this respect — it is probably not saying too much 
to add — that Americans, when enumerating their benefac- 
tors, will place him, side by side, with their Manns and 
other eminent educators and patrons of education. He 
has manifested a spirit of self sacrifice, and an indifference 
to pecuniary emoluments, when great ends were to be 
achieved, worthy of all praise, and he will doubtless receive 
his reward in the confidence entertained for his merits by 
an appreciative people. To sum up his passport to general 
favor in a word — no individual among us, endowed with 
his high qualifications, is more noted for that absence of 
assumption, and consideration for the claims of others, 
which impart an unequaled lustre to the highest attain- 
ments. 



The Protestant Cemetery. — This burial place fronts 
on St. Paul street, and occupies about two city squares. 
The inscriptions do not date back beyond 1810. It is a 
spot, however, where the northern and eastern traveller 
will often recognize familiar names of those who have 
found graves far from endeared friends and connections. 
There is little of the display here that is observed in other 
grounds. Tombs that, apparently, were commenced with 
a resolution to show honor to the departed, have been left 
without a stone to reeord the memory of the neglected 
ti'iiam. 

Ill one of the side walls, is a tombstone of plain white 
marble, with only the words : " My Husband ! " engraven 
upon it. In this vault were deposited the remains of a 
distinguished tragedian, who fell a victim to the yellow 
fever some years since in this city. It is a delicate souvenir 
that bespeaks the true feeling and affections of a desolate 
widow. On another is the emphatic inscription, " I'ltor 
Caroline f" 



MR. S. N. MOODY, 



Is an Englishman by birth, from the great cotton consum- 
ing and manufacturing city of Manchester, so intimately 
linked in interest with oui- own cotton-shipping port. It is 
not strange, then, that he should emigrate direct to New 
Orleans. In 1848 he arrived here, having barely attained 
the age of majority. 

His father, George Moody, was a flourishing manufac- 
turer of stuffs, merinos, &c., with large houses in Man- 
chester, Bradford, and London. He received the advan- 
tages of a good early education in the best schools in 
Manchester, and went through a collegiate course under 
the Rev. Isaac Bell, at Heawood Hall, Alderley. But the 
crash of 1842 carried his father down with it, leaving him 
penniless, with a large family, and the boy resolved to at 
once relinquish his studies and " paddle his own canoe." 

It was a year or two before the great railway-stock 
mania of 1845-6, that about a dozen gentlemen conceived 
the idea of establishing a Stock Exchange in Manchester. 
This was done, and the institution was started in a small 
room, about twelve by sixteen feet, with only a lad as 
office boy, among whose duties it was to furnish the press 
with reports. That lad was Moody, and that was his first 
employment. 

In the rapid growth of railway excitement, and the 
gigantic strides of speculation, Moody's position soon grew 
into the responsible one of Secretary of the Stock Ex- 
change, which, wit'i a rapidity equaled only on Wall street, 
and almost as it were Viy a magical spell, had now swelled 
into the proportions of an immense building with members 
numbered by hundreds. 

Moody next secured a still more desirable position in the 
house of George Carr & Co., one of the oldest of the Stock 
and Share Brokers of Manchester. Of this firm Mr. 
Moody shortly became the head, and subsequently he be- 
came its successor. This was before he was twenty years 
of age. He continued in this business until the dread rail- 
way panic of 1846-7, which again beggared him, with, 
however, the consciousness of paying to every one twenty 
shillings on the poimd. 

Staggered, humiliated, crest-fallen, but not dishonored, 
a ray of hope beamed upon him in an offer from an uncle 
to try his fortune in the New World. This he willingly 
embraced, and, landing in his adopted city with his last 
.shilling in his pocket, he commenced the world anew, at 
the bottom round of the ladder, as a clerk at thirty dollars 
per month, in the Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods business. 
At that time he did not know linen from cotton^ and had 
never sold a dollar's worth of goods in his life. His uni- 
form courtesy, however, shrewd business capacity, and in- 
domitable perseverance, coupled with the encouragement 
of assured success in a new sphere of action in a new 
woi'ld, secured his advan*^»ment and soon gained him a 
place amongst oui' merchants. Entering into business for 
himself, he spi'ang out of the ordinary channels of business 
routine, made the manufacture of shirts a specialty, and 
by a novel and liberal system of advertising, by winning 
premiums for his goods at all the first Southern State ^airs 
and at the European Expositions, and by other new and 
attractive features in his business, he soon attained the 
front rank as a merchant and realized a handsome fortune. 
In 1851 Mr. Moody married his accomplished wife, and 
he has now a family of two sons and a daughter. Dui'ing 
the war he took a lively interest in the welfare of the 
South, was aide-de-camp to General Labuzan, and under 
the a(bninistration of Gov. Allen, with the rank of Lieut.- 
Colouel. 




siiA'fl'asfii 



About four miles below Canal street, immediately above 
the dividing line of the parishes of Orleans and St. Ber- 
nard, and about two hundred yards below the United 
States Barracks, stands the aggregation of buildings of 
which a partial view is herewith exhibited. This is the 
spot where the law prescribes that all animals intended for 
our markets must be slaughtered, under the supervision of 
officials appointed, some by the State and others by the 
" Crescent City Live Stock Landing and Slaughter House 
Company," 

The arrangements for carrying out the objects contem- 
plated by the law creating the Slaughter Houses are very 
complete. There are two wharves for landing the stock, 
with pens for receiving them upon the Levee. Immedi- 
ately adjoining the wharves, and also upon the Levee, is a 
building containing a pumping apparatus worked by steam 
and capable of supplying 150,000 gallons of water daily to 
the entire establishment. Fronting the piiblic road, a row 
of one-story buildings contains the telegraph, the compa- 
ny's offices and also the private offices of Messrs. C. Mehle 
& Co., Inbau, Aycock & Co., and L. B. Collins, live stock 
dealers. 

In the rear of these offices at 200 feet from the public 
road, there are twelve large covered cattle pens, 67 by 15 
feet each, where the live stock are first placed for in- 
spection and sold to the various stock dealers who are 
always in attendance. Adjoining these are the main pens 
for cattle, twenty-eight in number, and each one having 
the dimensions of 75 feet by 17, and also eighteen hog 
pens for sheep and other cattle. After these you come to 



the large hog and sheep slaughter house, 265 by 80 feet, 
which is constantly supplied with hot and cold water, pul- 
leys, etc. On the right hand as you look toward the river, 
is another immense building containing twenty-two divi- 
sions 32 by 25 feet for slaughtering beeves and calves, each 
division having in its rear two large pens 60 by 10 feet foi' 
receiving the cattle previous to slaughtering. Fronting 
the above building from which they are separated by a 
broad paved alley for carts are twenty-two stables for the 
horses of the butchers, and next to these, nearer to the 
river, are covered vats for salting and curing the hides. 
Some fifty feet in the rear of the whole is another steam 
engine, and a little further back of this stands the Blood 
Fertilizer Manufactory, occupying a space of 200 feet 
square, lodging horses for the employees etc. The out- 
houses are all new and in perfect order, and in another 
part of the grounds there is an apparatus for curing hides 
by acids in two hours, and Esteban's large sheep-skin tan- 
nery. The other buildings are rented by the company to 
various parties, who are principally coffee-house and tavern 
keepers. The charges for slaughtering are as follows : 
Beeves . . . . SI 00 per head. 

Calves . . . . 50 " 

Hogs .... 50 " 

Sheep .... aO " 

The average number of cattle slaughtered daily is about 
700 during the summer, and from 900 to 1.100 in the win- 
ter. With the present arrangements there is ample accom- 
modation for the slaughter of 1,500 head of cattle daily, 
and these facilities can be increased to any extent, the 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



223' 



company owning 240 acres of land. All the buildings, 
pens and slaughter houses arc lighted by Barbarin's appa- 
ratus, at the charge of the company. 

The Slaughter House company was incorporated in the 
summer of 18G9, and at its inception met with much oppo- 
sition from the butchers and live stock dealers, but a com- 
promise having been effected on the 15th March 1871, be- 
tween the contending parties, a new Board was elected, 
composed almost entirely of stock dealers and butchers, 
undei- whose administration the present location of the 
Slaughter House was purchased from the Butcher's Asso- 
ciation and the operations transferred from the right bank 
to this side of the river. The officers of the company for 
the present year (elected March 15, 1872,) are aa follows : 

President C. Cavaroc. 

Secretary J. N. Augustin. 

Superintendent .... John Dolhonde. 
Directors : L. E. Lcmarie, C. Dc Ruyter, P. Sarthon, L. 
Ruch, E. F. Mioton, C. A. AVeed, J. Donaldson, J. N. 
AvegiiO. 

THE CITY PARK. 



THE NEW ORLEANS ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY. 



Between the old and new canals fronting for about one 
mile, on the Metau-ie Road lies the property bequeathed to 
the city for a Public Park by the late John McDonough. 
Being about half a mile in depth it contains an area of 
about half of a square mile. The Park is crossed in one 
direction by the Orleans Canal, and in another by the bed 
of the Metaire Bayou, recently di'ied by drainage. In 
front the Park is high and it was not ovei-flowed by the 
flood of 1871, when the city was submerged from the swamp 
up to Rampart street and when 20,000 inhabitants for sev- 
eral days could only move from their houses by means of 
boats and rafts. In the rear the once marshy land has been 
rendered solid and dry in consequence of the opening of 
tlie Orleans canal and Taylor's canal but the thick under- 
growth of palmetto weeds and grass still obstruct pas- 
sages by any but hunters. 

The Park is abundantly supplied with enormous Live Oak 
shade trees some of which measure twenty feet in circum- 
ference and spread their massive branches fifty feet in all 
directions from theu* gigantic trunljs. These will be re- 
tained for ornament and shelter when the city government 
begins to make improvements. No attempts have yet been 
made to lay out or adorn the Park although the donor has 
been dead more than twenty years. The extension of the city 
in the direction of the Lake will in a few years render the 
adornment and protection of the Park more important. 
AYlien the time arrives the productive soil of the Park will 
give a quick response to the labor of those who may plant 
it with trees, flowers and shrubbery . 



AXNUKCIATION SQUARE, in the First District, is the 
largest, and, consequently, may some day become the most 
elegant in the city. Orange and Race streets are on its 
front and I'ear — and facing are some very tasteful private 
residences — the handsomest of which is that of Mr. E. J. 
Hart. 



The commendable friendship which Scotchmen enter- 
tain for each other, when worthy of their respect, and the 
pride and fondness with which they recall the valor and 
glory of their Fatherland, and the fame of their distin- 
guished men, acquired in war, letters or civil life, are pro- 
verbial all the world over. It is with a view to cement, 
vitalize and perpetuate sentiments so honorable to them as 
men and patriots, that in several cities of the American 
Union to which they have emigrated from the Old World, 
they have fonned themselves into associations bearing the 
above characteristics and time-honored titles. Another 
and leading object of the society is the encouragement and 
promotic i (not by words only of sjnnpathy, which they do 
not withhold, but by positive acts,) of the greatest of the 
virtues, charity. The objects of the association are suc- 
cinctly stated in the preamble to its constitution as follows : 

" Whereas, A number of the citizens of New Orleans, 
Scotchmen by birth, desirous of cultivating the friendship 
and promoting the welfare of each other and of assisting 
their countrj-men in siclcness and distress, have banded 
themselves together for these philanthropic and charitable 
pui-poses, they cordially and earnestly invite all respecta- 
ble Scotclunen, residing in New Orleans and suburbs, to 
join them in the above good works ; that, by their cordiali- 
ty and good-will to each other, they may show to the 
world that the countrymen of Wallace, Bui-ns and Scott 
still love theu' country." 

The New Orleans St. Andrew's Society was incorporated 
March 11, A. D. 1837, and reorganized October 27, 18G8. 
During the late war its meetings were suspended. The 
officers of the society consist of a President, Vice-Presi- 
dent, Secretary, Treasui-er and nine Directors, chosen by a 
majority of the members present, by ballot, at the meeting 
immediately preceding St. Andrew's Day. Any native of 
Scotland, or person of Scotch descent, who has attained 
the age of eighteen years, and bears a good moral character, 
may be admitted a member of the society ; and the society 
may, at any time, confer honorary membership on any per- 
son of whatever nation he may be, whenever they may 
deem it proper. Application for membership is to be ad- 
dressed in writing to the President and members of the 
society, inclosing the initiation fee of S5. At the next 
regular meeting, a committee of three reports on the quali- 
fication of the applicant, and if the report be favorable he 
is elected by a two-thirds ballot. In case of rejection, the 
initiation fee is retm-ned. By Article 13th of the Consti- 
tution, every member is required to contribute and pay to 
the funds of the society SI each month into the hands of 
the Treasurer. 

St. Andrew's Day and the anniversaries of the birth of 
Robert Burns and Sir Walter Scott are usually celebrated 
by the society with appropriate ceremonies and festivities. I 

The present officers of the society are Alexander Hay. 
Esq., President; Duncan Sinclair, Esq., Vice-President; ' 
Alexander Mcintosh, Esq., Treasui-er; and W. R. Russell, , 
Esq., Secretary. 



224 



JEWELL'S ORESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




p. J. KENNEDY. 



The best among piactical philanthropists are those who 
teach by their example, and the most useful of all the les- 
sons taught by such is that which int-uleates the spirit of 
industry, and holds up to the view of honest labor the re- 
ward to be hoped for by those who toil with well directed 
energy. Such examples ai'e benefactions, whose iiseful- 
ness extends as far as they are known, and to make them 
widely known is one of the pleasing duties which fall to 
the public press. It is therefore very gratifying to us to 
present to oui' readers a sketch of the biogi'aphy of one 
who has been the maker of his own fortune, and whose 
wealth and honors have been honestly and nolily won and 
worn. 

Mr. Kennedy was born Sept. 21, IS'27, in Palmerstown, 
county Dublin, Ireland, and when twenty years of age he 
sailed for America. The vessel which bore him towards 
the land of hope was wrecked on the banks of Newfound- 
land, and retui'ned to Ii'eland foi' I'epaii's. She sailed 
again for America and reached New York March 31st, 
1848, after the double voyage which lasted four months 
and twentj^-one days. When the boy Kennedy landed he 
had but a single sovereign in his purse, but he had what 
was better than money, health, stalwart strength, abiding 
hope, habits of industry and frugality, coui-age, a warm 
heart, and a high character. He needed all these for the 
career which began with the perils and trials of the sea, 
led through many hardships and disappointments. Fail- 
ing to find work in New York he went to Bloomsburg, 
Pennsylvania, where he worked in an iron foimdiy three 
years, for thirty dollai's wages a month. We next find 
him on a farm in Ohio, where he labored for his board 
and fifteen dollars a month. He was next employed as 
foreman on an Indiana railroad at fifty dollars a month, 
but after saving eighty dollars from his scanty salary he 
loaned it to a contractor, who ran away with his little 



treasure, and the wages due to some hundreds of other 
Irishmen. For one whose whole wealth lay in his head 
and hands, this was a very serious pull back, but it was 
not enough to daunt Mr. Kennedy, whom we next find 
employed in Louisiana as a landscape gardener, and that 
beautiful State has been chiefly his home since 185.3. 

He soon won the confidence and good will of several en- 
terprising gentlemen, who found him to be not only tem- 
perate, honorable and industrious, Imt endowed with sing- 
ular native intelligence and administrative skill. He 
luidertook a contract on the North Louisiana I'ailroad, the 
successful completion of which may be regarded as the 
corner stone of the handsome fortune which he has since 
built up. 

He next constructed the Diamond Bend Levee in Louis- 
iana, a work in which his remarkable skill in constructive 
engineering, and his sjjleudid managing talent, won the 
applause of scientific men. He now began to be designat- 
ed as the " Prince" of Levee contractors ; a soubriquet well 
deserved, and eminently fitting for one who did so much 
to dignify labor and ennoble mechanical enterprise. 
Many othei' conti'acts for building levees followed, and 
wherever a levee was needed Kennedy was generally 
offered the task of building it, because it became well 
known that his work was reasonable in cost, as well as 
substantial, and in every way trustworthy. He has thus 
planned, superintended, or constructed much of the greatej 
part of all the new levees along the banks of the lower 
Mississippi, during the past sixteen years. These humble 
earthworks make but little show in the eyes of the traveler, 
but when their vast extent for hundreds of miles along the 
river, and their vital importance to a wide and wealthy 
domain are considered, they loom up to dimensions of true 
grandeui'. 

During the wai' Kennedy lived in Vicksburg, and during 
the noted and eventful seige of that city, he greatly as- 
sisted the inhabitants by constructing vaults and caves, in 
which women, childien and servants found pi-otection from 
the rain of balls and bomljshells, which fell upon their 
streets and buildings. Many of these catacombs foi' the 
living were constructed by Kennedy at his own expense, 
and their arched entrances, wide I'ooms, divei'ging pas- 
sages and long alleys, extending deep into the hills, still 
bear testimonj- of his benevolence and skill. By this and 
many other well-timed charities to the distressed and fam- 
ished inhabitants of Vicksburg, he gained their gratitude 
and a lasting place in their remembi'ance. 

After the war he resumed the construction of new 
levees, and the I'epair of such as had become dilapidated 
by neglect. His more recent works sustain and enlarge 
his I'eputation as a contractor. He has kept many thou- 
sands of laborei's and mechanics constantly employed, and 
as he pays libei'al wages punctually, and looks well to 
their convenience and comfort, he can I'eadily command 
the best that the labor market afi'ords. 

He has shown excellent judgment in the investment of 
his ample gains. In Louisiana he owns two extensive cot- 
ton plantations, and a sugar plantation of about thirty-four 
hundred acres, upon which he has expended $350,000. It 
is on the right bank of the river, about seven miles from 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 







W. P. HARPER, 



CIVIL SHERIFF. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY LLUSTRATED. 




fe£-?g^»^V.V, r^-4.V.-C:^5gffia^!te:a:^ 



lauiiij 



m 



alEl 



m. 



This Club was chartered May 15 1871, for the pui-pose of 
establishing a race course for the advancement of racing 
and improving the breed of horses, and the erection or the 
purchase and equipment of a club house for the social en- 
joyment of the members. The stock of the Association is 
$100,000 in 1,000 shares, which may be increased to $250- 
000. By agreement with the Fair Grounds Association, 
the club has the exclusive use of the race coiu'se, for four 
weeks before and during each Spring and Fall meeting, for 
the period of twenty years, upon condition of erecting 
upon the grounds a Public Stand of the value of $20,000, 
which is to reveit to the Association at the end of the 
period of the lease, without incumbrance. The Club has, 
accordingly erected the splendid stand noticed in the ac- 
count of the Fair Grounds. 

The Club bought the property adjoining the Fair 
Grounds, which was once the residence of Mr. Luling, for 
$60,000. It has a front of 500 feet on Esplanade street, by 
2,500 deep, with an area of nearly 30 acres, situated on the 
Metaire Ridge and exempt from overflow. The grounds 
are well arranged and thickly i^et with choice shrubbery. 
The family mansion has been converted into a club house. 
! t is a substantial and handsome three story brick edifice, 
with a gallery extending entirely around it at each story. 



The lofty, wide and au-y rooms are employed for Reception 
and Dining rooms, Parlors, Library, Reading and Billiard 
rooms, Restaurants, &c, all very handsomely and liberally 
furnished, most of the oaken furniture being elaborately 
carved by hand. The other buildings on the premises are 
in keeping with the main hotise, consisting of bowling al- 
ley, Pavillion, Kitchen and ten costly stables, with ample 
room for a hundred horses. 

The flower garden contains an extensive collection of in- 
digenuoiis and exotic plants and flowers comprising all the 
rarer varieties to be found in the temperate zone or within 
the tropics. The adjoining Park has a great number of 
forest trees of every kind, and orchards of orange, peach 
and apple trees, and grapevines, all bearing plentifully in 
their proper seasons. In the centre of the Park is a lake 
of pure fresh water surrounding a small island. 

Thus the members of the club have the benefits of a 
princely private establishment, adorned with all that taste 
or comfort could suggest or wealth command. This they 
obtained already prepared, and at a cost less by many thou- 
sands than its real value, which can be little if any short of 
$100,000. The club is under judicious, energetic and lib- 
eral administration, and its perfect prosperity and progress, 
give high hopes of its future career. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



227 



New Orleans. He planted, in 1872, a thousand acres of 
6orn, using three hundred mules and horses, and employ- 
ing a battallion of field laborers. The numerous dwellings 
and buildings give the place the appearance of a large 
village. Mr. Kennedy here dispenses a generous hospital- 
ity, wholly in keeping with his large-hearted benevo- 
lence and genial good nature. He is also extensively en- 
gaged in stock raising, on a large and beautiful farm in 
Sangammon county, in the State of Illinois, where he ex- 
hibits some of the finest cattle, horses, mules, sheep and 
swine in North America. He has a charming residence in 
St. Louis, where he is often obliged to go upon business. 

In 1870, urged by love of his native land, he purchased 
Dunboyne Castle, in county Meath, Ireland, for which he 
paid three hundred (300,000) thousand dollars in gold, as 
clean as was ever won by faithful work and honorable enter- 
prise. There he spends a portion of each summer when 
business permits, surrounded by chosen friends from Amer- 
ica, and the gentry of the neighboring estates. Though 
his life has been one of laborious industry, he we^s the 
honors of wealth and social position, with natural grace 
and easy dignity. He impresses all who meet him with 
the extent of his information, the force of his intellect, the 
generosity of his disposition, and the broad and noble 
manliness of his views and feelings. The guest feels that 
he is entertained by an uncommon man, and one who 
needs no title to stamp him as one of nature's own lords 
and gentlemen. 

The catalogue of Mr. Kennedy's charities cannot be 
written. Of late years his income has been large, and 
freely shared with the unfortunate. He has endowed 
many charitable institutions, contributed largely for the 
relief of widows and orphans, and proved a benefactor to 
many men in distress. He has been a patron of talent and 
the arts, a friend of learning, an encourager of struggling 
industry, and a lover of every species of honorable enter- 
prise. 

As an Irishman, he is a true and devoted friend to his 
countrymen, who have become residents or citizens in 
America, and has freely employed his time and money for 
their benefit. Under his auspices, and by his aid, many 
emigrants have gone out to enrich the country by their 
labor, and to make homes for themselves and their child- 
ren. This had been a double benefaction, first to the 
emigrants, and then to the people among whom they have 
gone to dwell. It is thus that the misfortunes of Ireland, 
and the abuses under which her people groan, have been 
the cause of good to the land so beautifully called by an 
Irish orator, " the home of the emigrant and the asylum of 
the exile." 

The shell road afibrds an agreeable ride to lake Pontchar- 
train, a distance of six miles. The highway runs on the mar- 
gin of the canal, and is not excelled by any road in the United 
States. It is the great resort for every species of pleasure 
vehicle that the city furnishes ; and here may be seen, on 
an afternoon, all grades of society, from the gay sportsman, 
mounted on his fast trotter, to the sober citizen, who sallies 
lui'th on his ambling pony, all of whom appear to realize 
an equal share of enjo3Tnent. Half way on this road, be- 
tween the city and the lake, is the highly celebrated Me- 
tario race track. 



THE BATTLE GROUND, 



(Formerly known as "the Plains of Chalmette,") the 
very naming of which causes the bosom of an American to 
swell with patriotic pride, lies five miles below the city. 
It may be approached by the Barracks Railroad, or by a 
good highway along the levee, the new Convent and United 
States Barracks being within full view. But first it may 
be necessary to look briefly at the historical facts which 
give celebrity to the spot. 

Early in December, 1814, the British approached New 
Orleans, about 8,000 strong, by the way of the lakes Borgne 
and Pontchartrain. Then- passage into the lake was op- 
posed by a squadron of gun-boats under Lieut. Jones. 
After a spirited conflict, in which the killed (500) and the 
wounded of the enemy exceeding the whole American 
force, he was compelled to surrender to superior numbers. 

On the 21st of December four thousand militia arrived 
from Kentucky and Tennessee, under General Jackson. 
On the 22d, the enemy having previously landed, took a 
position near the Mississippi, eight miles below the city. 
On the evening of the 23d, the Americans made a furious 
attack upon their camp, and threw them into disorder, 
with five hundred of their men killed. The enemy rallied ; 
and General Jackson withdrew his troops, and fortified a 
strong position six miles below the city, supported by bat- 
teries on the west side of the river. Here he was unsuc- 
cessfully assailed on the 28th of December and 1st of Janu- 
ary, the enemy losing two hundred to three hundred men. 
In the mean time both armies received reinforcements 

The dicisive battle was fought on the 8th of January, 
1815. The American right was on the river, running in a 
right angle to the wood. A redoubt was raised (which is 
still visible) strengthened by bales of cotton along the 
whole line. The enemy were about a half mile lower down, 
on a parallel line, theu- head quarters resting on the river, 
near three lai'ge oaks which still mark the spot. The 
scene is distinct, and this is the tattle ground. 

The British commenced the assault at daylight. As they 
approached the works, sixty deep, many were killed by 
grape shot ; but, when they came within musket range, a 
destructive stream of fire burst forth from the American 
lines. Our troops were placed in two ranks, the rear load- 
ing while the front fired, thus pouring an incessant peal — 
which, from Kentucky and Tennessee riflemen, was deadly. 
While leading on the troops of the enemy. General Paken- 
ham, the chief in command, was killed ; General Gibbs, the 
second in command, was wounded mortally ; and General 
Keene severely. Without officers to direct them, the 
troops halted, fell back, and soon fled in confusion to their 
camp. In a little over an hour, two thousand out of eight 
thousand veterans lay dead upon the field, while the Ame- 
ricans had but seven killed and six wounded — a dispropoi'- 
tion unparallel iu the history of warfare. General Lam- 
bert, upon whom the command then devolved, after one 
more unsuccessful attempt to assault, availed himself of a 
truce of twenty-four hours to bury the dead, made good 
his retreat — which Gen. Jackson felt no disposition to mo- 
lest, as he was resolved to hazard none of his auvantages. 



J 



228 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




MAYOR GERARD STITH. 



Amokg the prominent and public -spirited citizens of 
New Orleans, Mr. Stith is well entitled to a place. Though 
not a native of Louisiana, he has been a time-honored resi- 
dent, and filled several places of responsibility and distinc- 
tioQ in the city and State. In 185-i, he was chosen a City 
Councilman, and discharged the duties of Alde.i-man with 
great ability, and highly to the satisfaction of our citizens. 
The talents and sound judgment displayed by him in that 
post led to his election, in 185G, to the office of Recorder of 
the First District, in the discharge of the duties of which 
he exhibited a high degree of judicial capacity, and un- 
bending firmness, tempered with humanity. The next and 
highest honor which it was. in the power of the city to con- 
fer was his election, in 1858, to the office of Mayor, in the 
administration of whose affairs he brought into play a wise 
circumspection, a liberal spu-it of imjjrovement, prompti- 
tude of action, and executive ability of a high order, traits 
which entitle him to be regarded one of the best and most 
efficient Mayors New Orleans ever had. 

His administrative abilities, manifested in these depart- 
ments of the public service, were equally exhibited by him 
as head of one of the most extensive printing establish- 
ments in this city — we meau the Picaijnne office, over 
whose mechanical operations he still presides with consum- 
mate skill. 

It will be understood from this statement that Mr. Stith 
commenced life as a practical printei', and to this circum- 
stance, above others, he owes the distinctions he afterwards 
attained. The Press, to minds of an inquisUive turn and 
earnest purpose, often supplies better means of instruction 
in the belles-lettres and the various arts than the university, 
and the accomplished principal of a printing office, who 
has been thoroughly inducted into its mysteries, is well 
entitled to graduate with the diploma of Artium Magister 



— Master, at least, of one of the noblest arts known to civ- 
ilization. 

The Hon. Mr. Stith is exceedingly well descended, com- 
ing from the line of Virginia Cavaliers. His father was 
Griffin Stith ; his mother, Mary Dent Alexander ; both 
tracing their ancestry back to the earliest settlers of the 
Old Dominion — to such names as Boiling, Meade, Fitzhugh 
and Randolph, celebrated in A^irginia annals. Born in 1821, 
he has now just passed his fiftieth year, the period from 
youth to maturity, having been devoted almost exclusively 
to the public interests of the city and State of his adoption. 
No resident of the Cresent City has, during that period, 
pursued a more honorable and consistent course, and none 
is more esteemed for the virtues that have adorned his 
private or illustrated his public career. 



HON. EMILE LA SERE. 



Buj: few of those who might casually meet the subject of 
this sketch on the street would realize the fact that he has 
very nearly reached the period allotted by the Psalmist to 
the age of man. The bright eye, the quick, active step, 
and the almost youthful buoyancy of temper and movement 
which are characteristic of Mr. La S6re ai'c but the out- 
ward indications of the indomitable activity and energy of 
the man. Mr. La Sere was born in 18tl3, of French pa- 
rents, whose ancestry may be traced to one of the most 
. illustrious families of B6aru (the Montesquieu Fezenact) 
and received his school education in New Oiieaus, whence 
he was sent to complete his cvrrlcidvni at the Ti-ansylvania 
University, where among other boys destined to future 
eminence he niimbered Jefferson Davis as one of his col- 
lege mates. Returning to New Orleans, Mi'. La Sere com- 
menced life as a clerk in the well-known commission houfie 
of Wil Bogart & Co., but his ardent temper soon impelled 
him to take an active part in politics, in which he became 
conspicuous as a zealous adherent to Andrew Jackson and 
the Dremocratic Party of Louisiana, a line fiom which he 
has never swerved to this day, being at the very moment 
we are writing the President of the Democratic State Cen- 
tral Committee of Louisiana. During Mr. Tyler's admin- 
istration, Mr. La S6re was nominated to fill a vacancy in 
the Fu-st Congressional District of Louisiana, and was sub- 
sequently three times re-elected to the same position, which 
he filled with great satisfaction to his constituents of all 
parties by his strict and unremitting attention to their in- 
terests and the pertinacity and success with which he urged 
every measiu-e beneficial to the State at lai'ge. In 1849, 
having received the appointment of State Printer (he was 
then proprietor of the Louisiana Courier) Mr. La Sei'e de- 
clined to run for another term, and became the President 
and Chief Manager of the Democratic State Central Com- 
mittee. A few years later he accepted the Presidency of 
the La Tehuastepec Company an enteiprise in which he is 
still largely interested and for which he lately obtained a 
new grant from the Mexican Government. When the wai' 
broke out, Mr. La S6re, although long past the prime of 
life, volunteered as a private in the Tenth La-Regiment, 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




4FB COnil" S©¥S1S. 



The Cathedral and Court Houses front on Jackson 
Square — which is bounded by St. Anne street on the North, 
St. Peter street on the South, Chartres street on the West, 
and the Levee, open to the river, on the East. The splen- 
did rows of the Pontalba Buildings, Avith their lofty gables 
and broad verandahs, overlook the square from the upper 
and lower sides. A massive paling of iron, set in a foot- 
wall of granite, encloses one of the most interesting and 
peculiar of public squares, which is European in character, 
and reminds the foreigner of the gardens atttached to 
palaces in the old world. Flowers in great variety bloom 
here in the open air at all seasons, and there is no month 
in the year when the rose, the indigenuous and favorite 
flower of Louisiana, is not found here in profusion in all 
stages of development. The walks are bordered with 
orange trees, which show their golden wealth throughout 
the Autumn and Winter ; the glassy green leaves of the 
magnolia reflect the sun back upon its vast snowy and 
green-like bowers ; the clustering bananas hang in lusu- 
rient bunches under their canopy of gigantic leaves ; and 



birds of rich plumage and choice notes, unmolested by 
their familiar human companions, mingle their music with 
the voices of children, the tread of passengers, the panting 
of steamers, the rattle of cars and carriages, and the solemn 
echoes of the cathedral clock marking the hours of joy or 
care for young and old. 

The most interesting and conspicuous object in the 
Square is the colossal equestrian statue of Andrew Jack- 
son standing in the centre on ground slightly elevated, 
enclosed in an u-on fence, and based on an enormous block 
of granite containing about thirty cubic yards. The 
statue represents the grim warrior in the full dress uniform 
of 1815, in the act of raising his military ehapeau in salute, 
his ponderous sword hanging from his belt, his left hand 
griped firmly to the reins of his horse. The latter is repre- 
sented in the act of rearing, and stands balanced iipon his 
hind feet. It is a spirited copy from life, and so well has 
the artist succeeded in this minor part of his great study, 
that one almost looks to see the bronze counterfeit spring 
from his granite footing. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



231 



where he was at once elected to the position of Quarter- 
master and took part in every one of the battles in which 
that gallant regiment was engaged until his transfer to the 
more responsible position of Chief Quartermaster of the 
Trans-Mississippi Department under General Dick Taylor. 
Although he has repeatedly filled offices of high trust, 
Mr. La Sore, to his honor be it said, is still a poor man, 
having lost all his property by the confiscation of the Fed- 
eral authorities in New Orleans. There is no man in Lou- 
isiana who has made more sacrifices to the cause of the 
South, or whose character for integrity and patriotism 
stands higher at this day than the veteran Democrat who 
still presides over the councils of his party. 



L. J. HIGBY, 



Was bom in Otsego County, N. Y., on the 20th of April 
1812. He lived and worked on his father's farm until the 
age of nineteen, when he taught school and studied medi- 
cine, paying his own expenses by tending as clerk in a 
drug store. His employer. Dr. Pomeroy, struck with the 
energy and business capacity of the young man, proposed 
that he should take his stock and capital invested in the 
Drug business, and go west for a location. He accordingly 
di'ove a buggy 1200 miles west to Milwaukee. He thinks 
this was the first wheel carriage that was ever driven be- 
tween Chicago and Milwaukee, for the road lay through 
an open prairie, and across unbridged streams. It required 
the traveller should keep the Lake in sight. There was 
then in 1836, three thousand whites and six thousand Indians 
on the site of the present city, now claiming nearly 100,000 
population, and to be the second gi-ain-shipping port in the 
West. For ten years Mr. Higby followed the business of 
general merchandize, and was then engaged subsequently 
in the sale, storage and shipment of gi'ain, until 1868. 
During this period he built a bridge pier 1700 feet into 
Lake Michigan, and four grain elevators ; and in one year, 
(1867) handled 10,000,000 bushels of grain in and out the 
elevator. In 1860 it occurred to his mind that the Missis- 
sippi river was the natural outlet of the grain grown in the 
northwest, and intended for an eastern or foreign market. 
He had already invested money in the first . elevator in St. 
Louis, but the consummation of his purposes was sus- 
pended by the war. In the year 1868, Mr. Higby com- 
mitted himself, like Columbus, to the new enterprise. He 
sold his elevators and other real estate in Milwaukee and 
started for the South. 

An examination of the grain business in St. Louis con- 
vinced him that there must be another transfer at New 
Orleans, and he at once departed for this city to prospect 
for the agency necessary here. His observations con- 
vinced him that all grains shipped from the west to Liver- 
pool, via New Orleans, had an advantage of fifteen cents 
per bushel over any other route ; that it was open during 
the six months that the water routes of the North were 
closed, and that these advantages made New Orleans, in 
his own words : " 77ie great Grain Mart of America.' 
After canvassing the city for subscriptions towards the 
oi-pction of an elevator, he decided to undertake the work 



almost without pecuniary aid from others. He promptlf 
purchased the ground on which the New Orleans grain 
elevator stands, and commenced himself the personal super- 
intendency of constructing that work. There was a fur- 
ther impediment to be removed. The elevator at St. Louis 
was an isolated building. The grain received by the river 
or railroad, had to be carted to and from the elevator. He 
spent some months in St. Louis, and secured connection 
between the Railroads, the elevator and the river. At the 
same time the experiment of the steam tow barges was in- 
itiated and soon demonstrated its capacity to convey 
western produce in the safest, soundest and most economi- 
cal manner. The arrangements for the transportation 
and transfer of grain cargoes in bulk, were completed by 
the erection at New Orleans of one of the largest and best 
built elevators in the United States. The plans thus per- 
fected by this judicious merchant, were executed so far as 
they may depend on the organization of agencies adequate 
to thth- consummation. There were some obstacles which 
have been obviated. It was charged that grain could not 
be received and exported in good order from N. 0. Mr. 
Higby has proven and published that this charge is un- 
founded. He has forwarded grain in bulk at all seasons of 
the year, and at a profit over other routes, without the 
slightest complaint of its condition when received in New 
York or Liverpool. The grain dealer no longer fears this 
route or this market, and a very large increase in our re- 
ceipts and exports has been realized. There is still some 
difficulty in securing sufficient tonnage for exportation of 
all the grain that comes to our city. But with the im- 
mense increase of ocean steam tonnage within the last 
year this obstacle must soon be removed, and the trade in 
bulk grain between the illimitable west and the world 
will find its best market at New Orleans and its best 
outlet by the Mississippi. The perception and organiza- 
tion of this immense trade is due chiefly to the energy and 
sagacity of a single individual. He had staked fortune 
health and commercial reputation upon success. 

At an age and with a fortune that would admonish most 
men to withdraw from the toil of business to the comfort 
of an independent and happy home, he has undertaken a 
large enterprise, in a southern climate, and among a 
strange people. It must gratify every member of this com- 
munity, for which he has attempted and achieved so much, 
to know that he has fair prospects of complete success. 
The history of Mr. Higby illustrates some truths. 

First, it shows the tendency of northern capital to seek 
the attractive resources of the south. Second, that intelli- 
gence, industry and integrity constitute in themselves, a cap- 
ital that ensTires honor and success. Thii-d, that all such 
men are welcomed by the southern people, and recognized 
at once as benefactors and friends. Mr. Higby at the same 
time built a residence in this city, and removed his family 
here. 

A favorite place of resort for pleasure-seekers in the 
Summer season is the magnificent garden of Col. Dan 
Hickok, at CarroUton. It is about six miles from Canal 
street, and can be reached either by the Baronne street 
cars, or by the shell road up St. Charles street. 



232 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




PROF. C. G. FORSHEY. 



This distinguished scholar and man of science is a 
Huguenot by descent, and a Virginian by nativity. His 
father was an Alleghanian mountaineer, and his grand- 
father a Revolutionary soldier and officer, who bequeathed 
a rich inheritance to his son in his sword and an untar- 
nished reputation. Caleb, the fifth among eight sons, in a 
family of thirteen children, worked on his father's farm 
until he was seventeen years of age, when from the books 
he read at the winter schools, he began to be inspired with 
the love of learning. The seed, thus sown, fell 
into good gi'ound, and, in due time, produced a plentiful 
harvest. He had naturally a fine constitution, which he in- 
herited from a long line of "stalwart ancestors," and his 
physical education, so much neglected in times past 
in the training of youths intended for ijublic life, had been 
admirably promoted by his farming ojjerations. Thus he 
posessed a sound mind in a sound body, while his habits of 
persevering industry, exemplary temperance and superior- 
ity to the temptations to which many promising Americans, 
in their early years, fall victims, enabled him, manfully 
and successfully to struggle in those great combats of life 
which soon put to the severest test the strength of his 
principles and the measui-e of his virtue. 

The instincts of such a youth and the passion for mental 
culture, and intellectual improvement of the highest type, 
which he early exhibited, led him to be dissatisfied with the 
superficial and very incomplete education which could be 
obtained, m the years of his minority, at the coimnon 
schools of the country, and which were open, to pupils of 
all classes of the Caueassian race, only during one half of 
the year. He seems to have thoroughly imbibed the opin- 
ions of Pope on this important subject : 

' ' A little learning: is a dangerous thing: 
Drink deep or taste not the Pierian Spring — 
Where shallow drafts intoxicate the brain, 
But drinking deeper sobers us again." 



We cannot refrain here from introducing a pointed ex- 
tract from the testimony which Prof. Forshey, gave in re- 
lation to himself, when questioned, as to the antecedents of 
his history, by the Reconstruction Committee. 

It is Multum in Parvo, and having been already pub- 
lished, is public property, of which we feel at liberty to 
avail ourselves. Nor can we avoid adding, that the whole 
of Prof. Forshey's testimony, on that occasion, displayed a 
courage, a manliness, and an adherance to principle, which 
startled his questioners from their propriety, and produced 
as profound a sensation throughout the country as the 
celebrated and intrepid testimony given by the Hon. Alex. 
H. Stephens before the same Committee : . 

In that remarkable testimony, Prof Forshey said : 

" My ancestry, all Virginian, descended from a Hugue- 
not immigrant of the earliest date. My rearing was 
chiefly in Ohio, whither my father removed in my fifth 
year. My collegiate education was at Kenyon College, 
Ohio, whence I was aj)pointed a cadet to West Point in the 
Cla.ss of 1833. I resigned in 183(3, before graduation, and 
have spent my life of manhood as a ci^^l engineer and 
student of science in Mississippi and Louisiana, and, the 
last thirteen years in Texas." 

All this is very modestly told. He speaks of being a 
" student of science," and yet no individual in America is 
probably better entitled to be regarded as a master of 
science — at least of Physical science — than Prof. Forshey. 
We must add a word or two about his entering Kenyon 
College, and the steps which circumstances compelled him 
to pursue, for admission to its classic halls. He deter- 
mined, as we have intimated, to obtain a thorough educa- 
tion. His father, from his unlimited means, was unable to 
gratify his aspirations in this particular, and so he deter- 
mined to educate himself, i. e. to employ those means for 
obtaining a superior education which " God and Nature 
had put into his hands ; " in other words, to employ his 
physical powers to secure for himself the triiunphs of in- 
tellect. His father encouraged him, as well as his other 
talented sons, in all the struggles they made for their own 
improvement ; but perhaps nothing contributed so much 
to stimulate his ambition, as the knowledge that a college 
foiuided by the distinguished Bishop Philander Chase, ac- 
tually existed in his own neighborhood, only sixty miles 
from his father's homestead. Removing to this neighbor- 
hood he diligently applied himself to the preparatory 
studies, and learned with so much rajiidity that, at the end 
of two sessions, he was able to enter the Freshman class of 
the College, with whose Professors and students he, in the 
meantime, became well acquainted. 

But his pui'se was soon exhausted, and, after entering 
college, he found himself destitute of the means of defray- 
ing the expenses of his education. In order to meet the 
emergency he resorted to school keeping, and, by studying 
at night and noon, was able to keep up with the studies 
prosecuted by his class while he was so occupied ! This 
course separating him from the college and regular recita- 
tions, was at length found to be unpracticable, and he 
abandoned it ; he thenceforth earned his tuition money by 
teaching writing in the Grammar school, and his board by 
chopping cord wood for the college, a feat which he accom- 
plished with gi-eat dexterity, devoting three hours each 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




mm ©T MB. m. ®§aisi¥, is®: 



99 



206 ST. cia:.A.I^XJEs stor-eet. 



IfHW ORLEANS. 



•^/. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY IL'LUSTRATED. 



235 



day to the purpose, during three years of his college 
course. 

Early in 1833, through the instrumentality of General 
Cass, who was connected with his family by marriage, and 
of Senator Ewing, whose career of early struggles his own 
resembled, he was appointed to a cadetship at West Point, 
and thus, upon the foundation of a literary, ho was enabled 
to raise the superstructure of a military education. As 
none but youths of great promise, and of the best families 
were then selected for these cadetships, and it required 
powerful influence to secure them, this appointment was 
justly regarded by the friends of young Forshey, a high 
distinction. 

Hero ho prosecuted his studies with great ardor, main- 
taining the rank of ninth scholar in a class of one hundred 
and twenty young gentlemen. 

After mature consideration, as he had now passed hU 
majority, he determined to resign his post at West Point 
and enter into the business of Sui'veying and Civil Engin- 
eering. He had scarcely reached Natchez with this object 
when he was elected Professor of Mathematics and Civil 
Engineering in Jefferson College, in Washington, Miss, 
with a salary of 82,000 a year. The appointment was as 
unexpected as it was gratifying and honorable, and the in- 
come attached to it was regarded by him, in those days, as 
positive wealth. After remaining there two years, and per- 
fecting himself in the theory of his profession, he, in con- 
nection with the other professors of the college, who left it 
in a body, resigned his chair, when being elected City En- 
gineer and Surveyor of Natchez, "he resumed his transit, 
theodolite and compass." His attention was directed, from 
this date, to the solution of some great scientific problems 
connected with the Mississippi river, and the labors of fif- 
teen years of the best portion of his life commenced in ear- , 
nest, among the most prominent of which were liis map- 
ping the city and its environs, his discovery of " the law of 
abrasion, encroachment and rebound of the river," in fi ont 
of, and above the city, and his establishment of the grades 
of the Natchez and Jackson Rail Road. On transferring 
his office to Vidalia, on the Louisiana side of the river, he was 
immediately appointed Surveyor of Concordia Pai-ish, then 
extending some two hundred and fifty miles from the 
mouth of Red river to Arkansas, and entered on the 
great enterprise of reclaiming, by levees that magnificent 
empire of fertility and wealth from annual inundation. A 
controversy now arose in which the ablest engineers took 
part, in favor of outlets, and against the levee system 
adopted by Prof. Forshey, in which the latter was victori- 
ous, both before the public and the legislatui'e, and the 
whole line of levees projected by him was successfully 
completed. 

We next find him occupied as State Geologist of Lou- 
isiana, and his explorations in this department of science 
were as thorough as they were new and intei-esting. Having 
tjompleted his labors, in which he was assisted by the dis- 
tinguished Riddell, Carpenter, Hale and Trastour, he pre- 
pared diagrams and an elaborate report for the legislature, 
which unfortunately for the interest of science, were lost. 

In 1842-3 he was appointed Commissioner by the Gov- 



ernor of Louisiana, to select half a million acres of land for 
seminary purposes. In accomplishing this object, " confi- 
dent of the ultimate redemption of the great alluvian from 
inundation, he selected large tracts beneath the water, and 
had the satisfaction of seeing them reclaimed by the 
adoption of the levee system, afterwards completed." 

The writer of this notice of Prof. Forshey, is indebted 
for many of his facts, and some of his very language to a 
valuable sketch of that gentleman, which appeared in 1868, 
in a Texas newspaper. 

In 1843, Prof. Forshay married Miss Martha A. Wil- 
liams, of Cincinnati, a lady distinguished for her personal, 
moral and mental accomplishments. His only child, a 
son, was a lieutenant of artilery, and bore his part in the 
late war. Mrs. Forshey died in the year 1850, in New 
Orleans, to which city Prof. Forshey had previously re- 
moved and where, as a scholar and a man of science he 
continued to be highly distinguished. In 1844, in connec- 
tion with Prof. Riddell, he delivered the first course of 
popular scientific lectures ever presented to a New Orleans 
audience, with the exception of a few which had been pre- 
viously delivered by Prof. Silliman. They were exceed- 
ingly popular and numerously attended. His geological di- 
agrams exhibited at these lectures, were the highest speci- 
mens of art in their way. These lectures, delivered before 
the People's Lyceum, of which M. M. Cohen, Esq., a gen- 
tleman and lawyer of high literary culture, was President, 
led in the course cf a few years, to the building of the 
elegant Public Lyceum and City Hall on St. Charles street, 
and he was the first who was honored with a lectureship 
in the marble hall which his influence had contributed 
largely to originate. His lectures on Geology in 1849, in 
that hall, were largely attended throughout the entire 
course, by fashionable and intellectual audiences, who were 
more interested in instructive entertainments of this kind, 
than they have ever since been. He was also one of the 
original founders of the Academy of Sciences, in this city, 
composed of distinguished men who have extended their 
enquiries into nearly every department of science and history 
and which takes rank with the most learned associations of 
the kind in America and Europe. His constant aim was to 
apply the great principles of science to useful and i^racti- 
cal ends. Hence, to him we owe the existence of one of 
our railroads to the lake, and the scheme of a railroad to 
Berwick's Bay, Opelousas and Texas, which ho brought 
into general notice by the labors of his ever ready and ac- 
tive pen, assisted in making the surveys for it, " was in the 
preliminary Directory, but declined the place of Chief 
Engineer" in consequence of other niunerous and profit- 
able engagements. 

Prof. Forshey was a member of the celebrated Memphis 
Convention of 1845, of which Mr. Calhoun, of South Caro- 
lina, was Pi'csident and a leading star. That great states- 
upon examining his maps, endeavored to dissuade him at 
first from what he was pleased to designate his "wild 
scheme " of a railroad along latitude 32° to the Pacific, a 
favorite plan of Prof Forshey, and which had been fully 
endorsed by the citizens of Louisiana , from which set - 
tion be was a delegate to the Convention, but which Mr. 



236 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED 



Calhoun regarded as premature. He enjoyed, however, 
the singular satisfaction and high triumph of havuig it sub- 
sequently approved by Mr. Calhoun, and that eminently 
practical railroad projector. Col. Gadsden also of South 
Carolina. In the contest of rivalry which sprung up in 
1851-2 between the New Orleans and Opelousas, and 
the Vicksbirrgh and Shreveport railroads, in respect to the 
route to be selected. Prof. Forshey, from his thorough 
and intimate acquaintance with the country, was led to ad- 
vocate the latter as well as former, and designated nearly 
every mile of the road as now located. 

The legislature of Louisiana, having had its attention 
earnestly directed to the management and control of the 
Mississippi i-iver, addressed a series of questions to irarious 
influential and practical men on the subject, which resulted 
in the publication by Prof. Forshey of his celebrated 
"Physics of the Mississippi River," which elicited the ap- 
plause of the savans of the day, and, attracting the. atten- 
tion of that great geologist, Sir Charles Lyell, led to his 
appointment as corresponding member of the Academy of 
Sciences, of France. It immediately became authority, 
and, foi-med the basis of the subsequent Mississippi Delta 
survey by the Corps of United States Engineers, under the 
du'ection of Col. Stephen H. Long, and Capt. A. A. Hiun- 
phi-eys. Prof. Forshey was appointed in 18.5:2-;! to attend 
to the most difficult parts of this great work, Ilydrometry 
and Physios, and was richly rewarded liy the government 
for his indefatigable and invaluable labois. In the vohun- 
ous report of 18G0, by General Hiimphreys, the present 
Chief Engineer of the United States Army, assisted by 
General Abbot of the same corps, (a large quarto volume 
of a thousand pages.) the leading doctrines of his essay on 
" the Physics of the Mississippi," are demonstrated and 
confirmed ; and acknowledgments made of the valuable 
services rendered by Prof. Forshey, which are expressed 
in the strongest and most flattering terms. 

In 1853, Prof. Forshey was engaged in Texas, for a few 
months, in making surveys for the Galveston, Houston and 
Henderson Rail Road, having obtained permission for that 
piu'pose from the U. S. Government, in whose service he 
was then employed. Texas opening a wide field for enter- 
prise, and the kind of labors with which he was most con- 
versant, he determined to transfer them thenceforth to that 
great State. Five years elapsed before the railroad re- 
ferred to was completed, and which now connects with the 
whole network of railroads throughout the State of 
Texas. 

This great labor accomplished. Prof. Forshey now tui-ned 
his attention to the organization of a military institute in 
Texas, which was endowed by the State Legislatui'e,and dur- 
ing the six years of its existence, proved a complete suc- 
cess. The pupils and the professors, at the expiration of 
that period, which brought them to the eve of the great 
war between the states, already accomplished in all 
military exercises, sprang to arms, and gallantly per- 
formed their devoirs in the unhappy controversy that en- 
sued. Prof, (now Colonel) Forshey immediately repaired 
to the coast, and commenced fortifying it with the aid of 
the citizens of the country, and establishing guards, look- 



outs and signals, soon placed it in a state of complete de- 
fence. These works were fully approved by the Confeder- 
ate authorities, and Col. Forshey assigned to duty as Major 
of Engineers, to construct works from Galveston to Ark- 
ansas. The first trophies were won by him and Major 
Yager in a running fight in April 1862, by the capture of 
the captain's gig and two six-oared launches, with arms, 
compass, binnacle and provisions. 

When in June, 1862, General Hebert evacuated Gal- 
veston, leaving Col. J. J. Cook with three companies and 
three guns, Major Forshey asked permission to report to 
Col. Cook, and it was gpranted. Under orders of that offi- 
cer, he, in a few days, casemated the guns and made bomb 
proofs for the men, so that on the arrival of the fleet to 
bombard and take possession of the city, the aspect of af- 
fairs was so foi'midable as to prevent an attack, so that the 
city was held till October, when, being quite evacuated, 
only a few shots from Sherman's guns giving a conge to 
the Island. 

On the 2nd of September 186 ', Major Forshey by per- 
mission of Gen. Hebert, went to Richmond, and laid be- 
fore the Secretary of War, his plans for defending the 
coast of Texas. An order soon followed assigning General 
Magruder to the command of Texas. The interview which 
passed between Major Forshey and Gen. Magruder, on 
this occasion, was so indicative of the character of the two 
men, and the spirit that actuated them, that we cannot re- 
fi-aiu from inserting it. A report having been spread that 
Galveston had fallen and that the coast of Texas was in 
the hands of the enemy, Genei'al Magruder, addressing 
Maj. Forshqj"^, said : "Now what do you say as to defending 
your coast ? " Major F. replied : "I say that you have to 
recapture Galveston, or you had better decline the com- 
yiand of Texas" "Yes, that is easily said, but how will 
you do it ? " replied General Magruder. " First decide to 
do it, and then consider the method. " " Will you Texans 
sustain and help me i" "The bolder your undertaking, the 
better they will fight for you." " And would you take 
some of your own medicine ? Would you like to aid me ? " 
"Nothing would please me so much. It would be a dis- 
tingui.shed honor to succeed, and a biu-ning disgrace to the 
State, to surrender the coast, after all our fortifying and 
show of pluck, without a contest to measure our man- 
hood." 

Dui'ing General Magruder's command of the District, 
^Major Forshey served on his staff with the rank of Lieut. 
Colonel of Engineers, and being intimately acquainted with 
localities was prepared to give that distinguished General 
the best advice, always counselling him never to surrender 
one inch of the soil of Texas, so long as the slightest hope 
remained of retaining it. 

It is accorded, in history, to Col. Forshey, to have urged 
and planned the attack upon Galv^eston which resulted in 
its heroic recapture by General Magruder immediately af- 
ter his arrival in Texas. Upon the conclusion of hostil- 
ities, Major Forshey accompanied Ex-President Burnet on 
his mission in behalf of Mr. Davis, and spent six months in 
the leading cities of the North, endeavoring to make ar- 
rangements for the resumption of his professional duties aa 



JE'SATELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




JAMES F. CASEY, ESQ, 

COLLECTOR OF THE PORT. 



18, 20 and 22 BARON NE STREET, (Near Canal Street.) 

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FOK sale: at wholesale and kktaii,. 



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JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



2S9 



a Civil Engineer. Gen. Grant and Secretary Stanton re- 
fused to pcimit him to re-open the Texas Militaiy Insti- 
tute. He was summoned to testify before the Reconstruc- 
tion Committee of Congress, and astonished that Commit- 
tee, and surprised the whole country, as we have before 
said, by the boldness and independence of his replies to 
the questions propounded to him on the occasion. 

He subsequently returned to his old home at Galveston, 
where be established himself as " Consulting Engineer and 
Agent for Engines, Machines, new Inventions, &c." He 
had lost none of the energy which had distinguished his 
earlier enterprises, and still devoted himself with unflag- 
ging zeal, to the best interests of the country. 

We, in conclusion, quote verbatim the following extracts 
from a fine manuscript sketch of Prof. Forshey, for which 
we are indebted to the kindness of a friend, and which has 
never been published. It forms a proper close to this some- 
what voluminous notice. 

"In 18GG-7, Prof. Forshey wrote a series of articles in 
De Bow's Review in favor of a complete abandonment 
of broad-guage and heavy locomotives, cars and rails on all 
railroads. In this and the steel rail, he led the movement 
in America, which has now become almost complete, only 
that the vast investment in this line delays the completion 
of the revolution. 

" At the same time, he wrote and spoke, and moved leg- 
islation for charters for wooden railroads, so extensively 
adopted, since, for minor local uses and tap roads, when ex- 
pensive roads are not available and cannot be afibrded. 

" The two great roads now so rapidly progressing in 
Texas, have their origin in the Professor's schemes, 
writings, and continual agitations. These are the Great 
Northern and International, the former to reach from the 
Gulf at Galveston, due North, to the 49th parallel ; the lat- 
ter to be the Texas link of 600 miles of the great Interna- 
tional line from Cairo, the centre of the Misfsissippi Valley. 
South-west, to the Pacific at San Bias, passing Little Rock, 
Austin and San Antonio, and linking the centre of empire 
in the West to the nearest point on the Pacific. 

" Prof. Forshey represented the Chamber of Commerce 
of Galveston, in the Commercial Convention of the South, 
for three consecutive years, 1868, 1869, and 1870, and by 
his persevering labors, succeeded in passing, at the meet- 
ings at New Orleans, Louisville, Cincinnati and St. Louis, 
resolutions for Congressional aid in improving all the har- 
bors on the Gulf coast. The response has been successful 
for nearly every harbor applied for. 

" With a reputation which ought to gratify and satisfy 
any man in the profession. Prof. Forshey had ofi'ers and 
calls from a distance to which he could not respond. But 
when, in the summer of 1871, he was recalled to the Levee 
and River management in Louisiana, he felt it a duty to 
return to the completion of his former labors. This work 
was placed on a basis which he believed promised success 
in the control of the river. For the eighteen months, last 
past, he has been engaged as Chief Engineer of the Loui.si- 
ana Levee Company and Commissioner of Levees. His 
labors have been most ince'ssant and laborious, covering 
some 1500 miles of Louisiana levees. 



"The Professor at once resumed his labors in the Acad- 
emy of Sciences, and takes the highest pleasure in its de- 
liberations. His pen, always ready, has been frequently 
adding to its cumulations. His appearance in the " Amer- 
ican Association for the Advancement of Science," was 
creditable to his section, and his great paper on the " Re- 
clamation of the Mississippi Delta," places that vast work 
before the American people as the grandest National enter- 
prise of the times. 

" Possesed of rare physical powers and exemption from 
all disease and physical frailty, he works with the vigor of 
a man of thirty, at three score years. The cares of a grow- 
ing family and his official duties, however exacting, do not 
prevent him from engaging in the leading enterprises of 
Science, Improvement and Education." Sic ittcr ad 

astra. 

^ *^* ^ 

E. W. HUNTINGTON. 



There is in New Orleans a member of the bar who 
stands in bold relief from those of his profession. His 
name heads these lines. 

Mr. Huntington was born in Augusta, Georgia, in 1829. 
His father Alfred Isham Huntington, who was a prominent 
merchant of Augusta, settled in New Orleans in 1849. 
His grandfather Gen. Ebeneser Huntington, of Norwich, 
Connecticut, was a distinguished oflJcer in the Revolu- 
tionary army. 

Mr. E. W. Huntington is a nephew of the late Geo. W. 
Huntington, who was of the finn of Payne, Huntington & 
Co. of this city. 

The subject of this sketch graduated at Marietta college, 
Ohio, in 1850. He studied law in the office of Christian 
Roselius, Esq., New Orleans, and received his degree from 
the Law Department of the University of Louisiana, in 
1852. 

He was associated in the practice of law with Charles M. 
Emerson, Ex-Judge of the Third District Coiu-t for the 
parish of Orleans, and afterwards with Henry C. Miller. 

He has never held or sought a public office. Devoted 
to his profession, he has zealously striven to attain an 
honorable position at the bar. He has a large and lucra- 
tive commercial practice, and has acquired a considerable 
estate. 

He is fond of books and reads a good deal. 

Mr. Huntington uses his time in a characteristic man- 
ner There is no waste in it. Every moment is occupied. 
Every stroke of his pen counts. He studies his cases, 
matures his plans and executes them promptly. Nobody 
in New Orleans attends to his own business so thoroughly 
as Mr. Huntington. He has the virtue of letting other 
people do the same. He is talented, keen discriminating 
and accurate — candid and open in the arrival of his opin- 
ions, kind and gentle to his friends, and is generally liked 
and esteemed. 

There are but three daily English papers published in 
New Orleans : The " Picayune," " Times " and " Repub- 
lican." The " Bee " is published in French, and the " Ga 
zette " in German. 



240 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



An advance in the art of silk-worm culture has been 
made by the discovery that the color of the raw silk in the 
cocoon can t»e very materially aifected by the food of the 
woi'm, a brilliant red, green and yellow being secured at 
will in this way. 

A writer in " Iron" states that malleable iron was well 
Icnown and widely used 4,000 years ago, and probably at 
a much earlier period. The manufactui'e of cast .iron is 
more modern, but from certain passages in Aristotle it is 
believed to have heen carried on as early as his time. 

A French veterinarian anoints the inside of a horse's 
ears with a drop or two of huile de cade (an oily liquid 
obtained from the wood of J (otiperus o.e)/cedrus), in order 
to save the animal fi'oin annoyance by flies. The oil need 
not be applied more than once a week, and it is perfectly 
harmless when thus employed. 

The water supply of Boston is greatly diminished by 
incrustations on the in.side of the pipes. Thus a three- 
iuch pipe that has been laid ten years becomes reduced to 
two inches, and six-inch mains to five and four inches. 



R. BAYLEY, ESQ. 



No individual is more worthy of mention for his public 
services, and his private virtues, than the distinguised Civil 
Engineer, whose name stands at the head of this article. It 
is a pleasing and proud task to trace the ancestry of such 
men, and a satisfaction to know that they have pursued an 
honorable career from generation to generation. Mr. 
Bayley is descended from one of the oldest families in the 
United States, whose history has been illustrated by their 
heroism and spu'it of sclf-saerifiee. The family is of Eng- 
lish extraction. John Bayley, its progenitor, emigrated 
from Chippenham, Wiltshire County, England, in 1635. 

Jacob Bayley, his gi'eat-grandfather, served through the 
whole of the old French War, and was Captain in Fort 
William Henry on Lake George, at the time of its captui-e 
and the massacre of its gaiiison by Indians under Montelair. 
He served, afterwards, through the whole of the war of the 
Revolution. He was Assistant Quai-ter Master General un- 
der Gates at the battle of Saratoga, and in most of the 
battles that were fought, down to the surrrender of Corn- 
wallis, at Yorktown, bore a distinguished part. See letters 
to Colonel (afterwards Brigadier General) Jacob Bayley, 
in " The Correspondence of Washington." 

The subject of this notice was bora November .30th, 
1821, at Saratoga Springs, in the State of New York. He 
graduated at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, as Civil En- 
gineer, belonging to the class of 1838. He was immedi- 
ately afterwards employed as Assistant Engineer on 
the location and eonsti'uetion of the Auburn and 
Rochester Rail Road in the State of New York. He 
continued on said work, — on all parts of it, — from Aubiu-n 
to Ro(^hoster, for four yeai-s, until its final completion and 
opening for trafic. His prompt and continued employ- 
ment, for such a length of time, on so important a work, 
directly on his gi-aduation, is a proof of the confidence that 
was entertained at that early period, in his skill and 



enterprise — a confidence which has been fully justified by 
the whole of his subsequent history, and which has placed 
him in the front rank of the Civil Engineers of this 
country. Those were the early days of railroad construc- 
tion, when the use of solid iron rails was vmknown. The 
old method of construction was with subsiUs, cross-ties, 
wooden stringers, and flat bar-rail on stringers. 

Mr. Bayley was afterwards engaged on surveys for the 
State of New York — in the north-eastern part of it ; next 
on surveys, and the location of a railroad from Saratoga 
Springs to Whitehall, New York, with James B. Sargent. 

While so engaged, was tendered the position of Princi- 
pal Assistant State Engineer of Louisiana, by the then 
State Engineer, (afterwards Governor) Paid O. Hebert, 
which situation he occupied and came to New Orleans in 
October 1846. The Engineer department of Louisiana, 
then consisted of the State Engineer and one Assist- 
ant Engineer. All public works and surveys were in charge 
of the State Engineer's Department. He remained in the 
service of the State with Hebert, and with his successors, 
Wniiams and WooLridge, until June 1852, travelled from 
fifteen to twenty thousand miles per year, making surveys, 
examinations of rivers, bayous, etc., in aU parts of the 
state, dui'ing the space of six years; became intimately ac- 
quainted and familiar with the geography and topography 
of the whole State, with every part of the Gulf coast to its 
northern boundary and the Mississippi State line to the 
Sabine River; studied the phenomena of the Mississii^pi, its 
floods, crevasses, levee system, outlets, etc., and became 
convinced by observation of facts, surveys and examinations, 
that the then universally accepted theory, that levees caused 
constant increase in the height of the Mississippi water 
line, and the filling up of the river bed, was erroneous. 

He boldly attacked this theory in the columns of the 
State j)ress, — wrote often and extensively on the subject, 
and, finally, by argument and data furnished, succeeded in 
having a bill passed by the State Legislature to close 
Bayou Plaquemine, the largest remaining outlet of the 
Mississippi river. An able and eloquent jjamphlet, rich 
and thorough in the infonnation it imparted, and written 
in a true and mastei'ly style, was prepared by Mr. Bayley, 
at the request of the then state senators, which caused the 
passage of the bill to close said outlet, by two-thirds ma- 
jority, and that too, against the arguments of the State 
Engineer, who advocated making additional outlets instead 
of closing them. 

Mr. Bayley did not know till long after he had com- 
menced a war upon the " outlet theorists," that that most 
accomplished Civil Engineer and fine scholar, Prof. C. G. 
Forshey, entertained the same views and had arrived at the 
same conclusions with himself ; these were that levees can 
be relied on for protection of the Mississippi Valley from 
overflow, if properly located and well constructed, and con- 
stantly maintained and guarded; — that the elevation of the 
Mississippi high water line is not increased permanently 
by building levees and closing outlets; on the contrary, that 
their tendency is to lower the high water line ultimately, 
and to lessen the danger of overflows. 

Mr. Bayley left the State service and took charge 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




JUDGE E. I^ORTH CULLOM. 



PEABODY HIGH SCHOOL, 

WITH PREPARATORY DEPRATMENT 




COLISEUM STREET, cor. St. ANDREW. 

Principal, - - T^^^~7~ f[r{^. ^. f^. ^ji^J^^. 

This School will be under the snpervision of the " Peabody Board of Trustefs," and will open on Mondav. September 1st. 1873. 

All the English Branches, the Classics, French, Sjianish, German, Drawinj;, Painting, and Vocal Music, taught l)v the most com- 
petent and experienced Professors and Teachers. The Course of Study will be systematic, thorough and comprehensive, embracing 
all theelementsof culture appropriate to a High School. An essential feature of the School will be the Preparatorj' Department, 
in which pupils will be carefully trained In the elementary branches, by the Principal and her Associate Teachers. Diplomas will 
be awarded in December of each year, to such pupils as shall have sucessfully completed the Course of Study. Also, promotions to 
higher classes. Proficiency, in all cases, will be tested by written examinations. 



JEWELL'S CRECENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



. 243 



of the sui-veys and location of the New Orleans, Opelousas 
and Great Western Rail Road in the summer of lSb'2. In 
the year 1855, he was elected Chief Engineer by the 
Board of Directors, and held the position until l!<G6. Durino- 
the Military occupation of that Road from ]8C"2 to 
1866, the work of its constructi^ was of course discon- 
tinued, but the organization of the Company was main- 
tained'. 

In January, 1864, Mr. Bayley was unexpectedly, and with- 
out solicitation, tendered the City Sui'veyorship of New 
Orleans, and upon being urged to accept on the ground of 
subservmg the public interests by I. N. Marks, Esq., and 
other prominent citizens, he comj^lied with the request, and 
used his best efforts to conduct the affairs and business of 
the Sui-veyors' Department, economically, efficiently and 
honestly, until April 1866, when the New Orleans Opel- 
ousas and Great Western Railroad having been restored to 
the Railroad Company, he was unanimously elected by the 
Boai'd of Directors, their General Superintendent and Chief 
Engineer, and accepted the position. 

During Mr. Bayley's Chief Engineership of the New Or- 
leans, Opelousas and Great Western Railroad, he made 
surveys and examinations for the extension of said road to 
Texas, and located the line to the Sabine river. He also 
surveyed and examined the whole country on two routes, 
to Shreveport. 

Mr. Bayley was also the Land Commissioner of the New 
Orleans, Opelousas and Great Western Railrord Company, 
and had entire charge of all matters connected with the 
Land Grant business of said Company from 1856 to 1866. 

Probably no one is so familiar with the whole country 
and its topography from New Orleans to Red river and 
Shreveport, as Mr. Bayley. 

Under his Engineership, the N. 0., and O. G. W. Railroad 
was graded nearly to Opelousas, and, but for the late war, 
would have been completed to Texas. The accumula- 
tion of interest on the bonded debt of the road during 
the war, and military occupation, prevented its completion. 
He remained General Superintendent and Chief Engineer 
of the road till its sale to Charles Morgan, Esq., in May 
1869. 

In June 1869, he accepted service with the New Or- 
leans, Mobile and Texas Railroad Company, and took 
chai'ge of the location and construction of said Railroad 
from New Orleans to Houston, Texas, (Mr. Van Bleck being 
Chief Engineer,) and, superintended the building of the 
railroad to Donaldaonville. On the 1st of May 1871, he 
was appointed Chief Engineer of the road, in place of Mr. 
Van Bleck, resigned. In September 1871, he was, without 
solicitation, elected General Superintendent, in addition to 
his office of Engineer. 

Mr. Bayley is a member of " the American Society of 
Civil Engineers," and of the New Orleans Academy of Arts 
and Sciences. 

None of his contemporaries is better entitled than Mr. 
Bayley, to the character assigned, in ancient times to Fab- 
ricus, of whom it was said, " It would be easier to turn the 
sun from his course in the fii-mament than Fabricus from 
the path of Justice. " The same may be said truthfully 



and without exageration of this distinguished public ser- 
vant. In a venal and corrupt age, he has, throughout his 
whole career, vindicated his entire incorruptibility. He is a 
man of rare ability in his profe.ssion, whom ofHce has al- 
ways sought, and who has never sought office. Of a genial 
temper and affable manners, and a fulness of information 
attained by few, he is yet so modest and unostentatious as 
never to obtrude an opinion until it is solicited. Such is 
the breadth of his intellect, and his knowledge of hxunan 
affairs, that there is no office, which this quiet civilian is 
not adequate to fill, and which he wotild not adorn. Bet- 
ter, far better to fill places of trust in this country, from 
the rank of the conservatives, than that of the destructives 
of the age ! 

Mr. Bayley has been twice married. His first wife was 
a Miss Cornell of New York, who was subsequently lost 
at sea by shipwreck, on her way to New Orleans in 1S49. 
He has one son living by his first wife. 

In January 1851, he married a daughter of Samuel E. 
Lawes, Esq., of Plaquemine, Iberville Parish, Louisiana. 
They have four- children living, one son and three 
daughters. 

Mr. Bayley's father, aged 81, and mother, aged 77, reside 
with their son. Mr. Bayley's oldest son, from early in 1863 
untU the termination of the war, served in the Washington 
Artillery, of New Orleans, and lost his right leg in the 
trenches at Petersbui'g, about one month before the cap- 
ture of Richmond. He was in the Richmond Hospital at 
the fall of Richmond, and was taken to Point Lookout, 
and thence returned to New Orleans. 



The Pontchai-train Railroad runs to the lake from 
which it derives its name, from the head of Elysian Fields 
street, a distance of five mUes. It is a very pretty ride. 
This route communicates with aU the steamboats, that tra- 
verse the lakes to the various villages and landings that 
surround it, which make this theu- starting point. From 
here, a passage is obtained to Biloxi, which, the reader will 
recollect, was the first spot settled by the French in this 
portion of the world ; and, from that cii-cumstance, will 
naturally excite the curiosity of the intelligent way-farer. 
At the termination of this railroad is a first rate hotel for 
the accommodation of visitors. Here is good bathing, fish- 
ing and shooting ; and beneath the shades of the trees, the 
breeze from the water is delightfully refreshing. 



Grenta, is nearly two miles up the river, and stands 
opposite Jefferson City. The whole distance is spot- 
ted with comfoi'table residences, principally inhabited by 
the owners of the adjoining grounds, and the walk from 
Algiers to this village is very gratifying to one partial to 
such exercise. The village has a riu-al appearance, is 
regularly laid out, and exhibits some neat tenements. The 
forest approaches quite near ; and, the idea that one may 
lose himself in the neighboring woods, gives to the i)lace a 
touch of romance which only the denizens of a crowded 
city know how to appreciate. 



2+4 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



CHARLES FITZENREITER. 



The Administrator of the Water "Works and Public 
Bmldings of the city of New Orleans is the voungest 
member of the Board, having just attained the age of 
thirtT-two years. The duties devolving upon him are of 
an important and responsible nature, and in the short time 
he has had charge of this department of the city govern- 
ment, he has evinced great aptitude and acquired a knowl- 
edge jof all the details of the oflBce that promise to make 
him an eflBcient and popular officer. His administration 
so far has been highly satisfactory to the pubUc and 
gratifs-ing to his many friends. Mr. Fitzenreiter received 
only a common school education, acquiring a knowledge of 
the English, French and German languages, completing 
his studies in the 3d District High School of this city, 
then under the charge of Professors Rapier, Canonge and 
Loquet. 

In 1S56 he entered the service of the Tow Boat Associa- 
tion, and continued there employed until the commence- 
ment of the late war. Then as a Lieutenant of the 22d 
Louisiana Volunteers he enlisted in the Confederate 
service. Subsequently he joined Fenner's Battery as a 
private, and .there served until the close of the war. 

Upon the restoration of peace we find Mr. Fitzenreiter 
again renewing his connection with the Tow Boat Associa- 
tion, a position he filled until November, 1872, when, by a 
large and flattering majority of his fellow-citizens, he was 
elected Administrator of Water Works and Public Bmld- 
ings, the office he now occupies. 

In all the relations of life, Mr. Fitzeni-eiter is an ex- 
emplary young man. Polite and affable in manners, 
warm-hearted and generous nature, - trictly honorable and 
correct in all his dealinsis, no voung- man in the citv has a 
brighter future before him, and no one more friends to aid 
and encoui-age him on the i oad to usefulness and success. 



CAPTAIN WILLIAM McCANN. 



AiioxG the faithful and efficient officers of the police of 
this city, no one occupies a higher place in the estimation 
of the community than Capt. McCann. A strict attention 
to, and a thorough discharge of, the difficult duties de- 
volving upon him have secured for him a rapid promotion, 
and from a private in the ranks of the Meti'opolitan Police 
he has advanced through the various grades to the position 
of Captain of the 4th Precinct. Capt. McCann fij-st joined 
the police force in 1866, then under Col. Thos. E. Adams 
as its chief. Previous to this time, and up to the capture 
of the city, most of Capt. McCann's life had been spent 
upon the " ocean wave." At an early age he became a 
sailor, and in his various voyages has seen every part of 
the world. In August, 1861, he enlisted in the Federal 
navy, under Commodore W. H. Morris, of the sloop of wai* 
Pensacola, which afterwards formed a part of Farraguf s 
fleet of the West Gulf Squadron. After the captui-e of 
New Orleans, McCann resigned in August, 1864, and from 
that time to his enlistment in the police, conducted the 
draying business. 



Capt. McCann was born in Tipperary County, Ireland, 
in 1837, and married a lady of this city in 1865. New 
Orleans is now his future home, and in all that may con- 
tribute to the advancement of the interests of the city, the 
preservation of its good name and peaceful character, 
none will be found more active, vigilant and devoted than 
the subject of this brief diketch, Capt. William McCann. 

WILLIAM P. HARPER. 



This gentleman was born in New Orleans, November 
5th, 1835. His family were among the first American 
settlers of Louisiana, his father and mother being natives 
of this city. He claimed descent on the father's side from 
the old and distinguished family of Pennsylvania — his grand- 
father having been a contemporary of, and connected in 
business with, Daniel Clark, whose name through the 
Gaines' case has become so indissolubly connected with 
the city of New Orleans. 

His father, Capt. H. S. Harper, wiU be remembered by 
many of our old citizens as chief of the police department, 
under the regime of Samuel J. Peters and Joshua Baldwin, 
and was conspicuous for the high order of his executive 
abilities, his great personal courage, and strict probity of 
character. On his mother's side the family were French, 
and, like many of our old families, were refugees from St. 
Domingo — driven to Louisiana by the revolution in that 
island. 

Mr. Hai-per was reared in this city, and passed his col- 
legiate course in Mississippi. 

After attaining the years of manhood, he adopted com- 
mercial life as most suited to his taste, and for many years 
occupied a responsible position in a large commercial house, 
where he enjoyed the confidence and respect of his em- 
ployers, until the tocsin of war resounded throughout the 
land, and William P. Hai-per was among the first to raise 
the standard and press to the conflict, where he gained for 
himself a reputation for gallantry and courage that soon 
obtained for him an exalted position in the Confederate 
army. In 1861 he was most active in raising the Second 
Company of Crescent Rifles, which company left for 
Virginia in the celebrathed 7th Louisiana Infantry Regri- 
ment, then commanded by Gen. Harry T. Hays. Soon 
after its arrival it was engaged in the famous battle ot 
Manassas, and afterwards, as Hays' brigade, took prominent 
pait i:i all the hard-fought battles of Northern Virginia. 
This brigade had the honor of being attached to the corps 
of Gen. Stonewall Jackson, and under his command par- 
ticipated in the celebrated VaUey Campaign, the battles 
around Richmond, and all the movements of Lee's army, 
tiU the final surrender at Appomattox. 

Mr. Harper was severely wounded at the battle of 
Sharpsbui'g. and left for dead on the field, where he fell 
into the hands of the enemy. His life was spared, however, 
it is to be hoped for the fulfillment of higher ends, for he 
soon recovered, and was exchanged, when he was recom- 
mended for promotion by Gen. Frank T. NichoUs of the 
Second Louisiana Brigade, and by order of Gen. Lee 
ti-ansfen-ed to that command as Adjutant-GeneraL 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



247 



Again had he the misfortune to be wounded at the 
battle of Rappahannock, and was sent to Johnson's Island, 
where he was confined for one year ; then again exchanged, 
though still sufTering from his old wounds ; but, nothing 
daunted, his indomitable courage prompted him to fight 
unto the bitter end, and he was ordered to his native State, 
Louisiana, where he served until the surrender ; then, and 
not until then, did he sheathe his sword to resume the more 
peaceful avocations of life, in which sphere he promises to 
distinguish himself as eminently for his probity and 
honorable course, as did he for his bravery and gallantry 
on the field of battle — for foremost among the rising young 
men of this city stands the subject of this sketch, carrying 
another banner with " Success " engraved upon its 
folds. 

At the close of the war Mr. Harper resumed commercial 
pursuits, and became cashier in the large factorage firm of 
Cummings, Brown & Co. In 1868 the Louisiana Equitable 
Life Insurance Company was organized, and he was elected 
secretary of that body, which position he continued to fill 
until the city election of November, 1872. The Fusion 
party nominated him candidate for the office of Civil 
Sheriff of the Parish of New Orleans. Th§ nomination of 
Mr. Harper proved a very popular one, for he ran at the head 
of his ticket, and was elected by over 11,000 majority; 
he was also returned by the two boards, which were in 
conflict in that momentous period, and declared elected by 
all parties. His star was still in the ascendant, and car- 
ried him successfully through the political conflict that 
agitated his native State, as fiercely almost as the last civil 
war. 

In June, 1872, Gov. Warmoth appointed him Adjutant- 
General of this State, in lieu of Gen. Longstreet. He, how- 
ever resigned that position on securing the nomination of 
Civil Sherifi", a position which he now fills with dignity 
and credit to himself and satisfaction to his many friends 
and admirers who are watching his career with eager 
curiosity to discover what honors fortune yet has in store 
for this promising and hitherto successful young man. — 
iVb?« Verrons. 



The impunity with which the ladies of New Orleans 
promenade our streets at night, unmolested by passers- 
by, andunsubjected to offensive looks or comments, argues 
either a confidence in the character of our people, or the 
respect entertained for them by the sterner sex. In many 
other cities of the Union no lady can venture out without 
jeopardizing her modesty, by being aggressively ap- 
proached, rudely leered at, or insultingly criticised. In 
some localities escorts are indispensable as a safe guard 
against indignities. 

But here it is a common subject of remark and observa- 
tion that our ladies, often belated after night-fall, return 
home, unintimidated by their tardiness, or unapprehensive 
of any unpleasant rencontre. The fact may not be of such 
catholic application as to indicate the character of all 
Southern communities, but certain it is that, in this city, 
the tone of popular sentiment towards the fair sex is one 
of marked deference, and eloquently asserts the gal- 
lantry of our people towards those whose gentler natures 
and purer hearts would instinctively shrink from an un- 
seemly obtruaiveness. 



B. M. TURNBULL. 



B. M. TuRNBULL was born on " Longwood Plantation," 
Pointe Coupee, La., 18th November, 1836, and removed to 
New Orleans in 1847. 

He was educated at the University of Louisiana up to 
the age of seventeen years, when he entered the Counting- 
house of William Mure, Esqr., British Consul. Under 
this strict and accomplished merchant, who was one of the 
largest buyers of cotton in the South, he was taught the 
rudiments of the commission business. He was next em- 
ployed in a large cotton factorage house, where he worked 
until 1856 in a clerical capacity, when he entered into the 
same business in copartnership with his brother, and, until 
the breaking out of the war, was successful in conducting 
the affairs of the finn. In 1860 he was first drawn into 
politics, in a manner which showed the status held among 
the young men of the city. The branch of the young 
Democracy supporting Breckenridge and Lane in opposi- 
tion to the old, or rather Mr. Slidell and his co-workers, 
organized for the Presidential campaign. A club number- 
ing some 2,000 members was formed, and Mr. Turnbull 
was chosen president, owing principally to the fact that 
he was no politician but a merchant, who, for his years, 
had few rivals in commercial standing. 

The canvass was very spirited, and much acrimony 
marked its commencement between the two factions. 

He set about to reconcile and bring them together, in a 
united front, in which, after great efforts, he triumphed to 
the satisfaction of his party 

After the election he was conspicuous in organizing com- 
panies for the Southern army. He left the city when 
captured by Gen. Butler, and was in the Confederate 
service until the end of the war, having spent twenty-one 
months in the military prison on Johnson's Island. He 
fared sadly in the results of the war. His property was 
confiscated and sold, and he returned from prison with 
only $200, which he had borrowed, and a large family to 
look after. 

Mr. Turnbull has always been an ardent and consistent 
Democrat. He was run for the same oflBce, Administrator 
of Commerce, in 1868, and though elected, was counted 
out under the Warmoth regime. In the recent city and 
State election he was one of the principal leaders in shaping 
the policy of the Young Democracy or " Last Ditchers." 
In the ordeal of the many Conventions and Committees 
which were held for nominating a city ticket, he was al- 
ways chosen unanimously for the position which he now 
occupies. 

He married the eldest daughter of Judge T. Wharton 
Collens in 18.59, and though only 37 years of age has a 
family of nine children. 

He makes a conservative officer, though elected at a 
time of violent political excitement and party exactions ; 
having in view solely the interests of the great city which 
he represents as one of her administrators. 



248 



JE'WELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




JAMES SPENCER KXAPP, D.D. S. 

This gentleman, son of Dr. Colby ELnapp and Luclnda 
Murray, of Gei-man descent on the father's side, and of 
Scottish on the mother's, was bom at Guilford Centre, 
Chenango county, New York, December 4th, 1S24. His 
great gi-andsire, Knapp, of German extraction, emigrated 
from England to the British-American Colonies anterior to 
the Revolution. His grandfather, Elihu Muriay, held a 
captain's position in the American army, and did efficient ' 
service in our first great struggle with Great Britain. He 
is said to have borne a strong personal resemblance to 
General Washington. Lucinda Murray was a descendant, 
in the nattu-al line, from a titled lady of France, whose 
maiden name was Julie De Cavalrie. The union of the 
elements of the Gei-man. Scotch and French genius in one | 
individual makes a strong character, from which something 
good or gi-eat ought natui'ally be expected. 

Dr. Knapp was the eleventh of a family of thirteen 
children, and passed his boyhood where he was born, ob- 
taining a good plain English education. That it was a 
good one, we infer from the fact that, at the early age of 
seventeen yeai-s, he rose from the gi-ade of pupil to that of 
a teacher, and was at the head of a large district school, six 
miles north of Biughampton, Broome county. New York, 
which he is said to have conducted with unusual success ; 
aad we miy here remark, in confirmation of his attain- 
ments, that no State in the American Union has probably 
paid more attention to the interests of popular education, 
by legislative enactments and liberal appropriations, and 
none has been more scrupulous as to the qualifications of 
those who are to iustnict the rising generation, than our 
sister State of New York — the State of James Fennimore 
Cooper and Washington Irving. On completing his fii-st 
engagement as a teacher, and wishing to possess the ad- 
vantages of a still more liberal education than he had yet 
received, he, in the spring of 1843, resumed the course of 
his studies in a preparatory institution of the highest class, 
— at the academy just named, and where he had an oppor- 
txinity to acquii-e an amount of learning sufficient to fit him 
to perform respectably to himself, and advantageously to 
others, the duties of an American citizen. 



When Dr. Knapp had completed his academic course, he 
returned once more to his honorable avocation of a teacher, 
and took charge of a large school at Holmesville, Chenango, 
Co., N. Y., his native county, where his abilities, as a 
teacher of youth, were well known and highly appreciated. 
One of his pupils in this school was the celebrated Anson 
Burlinghame, of Massachusetts, who has often since ac- 
knowledged his indebtedness to Dr. Knapp for being the 
first teacher who inspired him with the love of learning, 
and aided him in his struggles to ascend the steeps of 
science. The teacher and his pupil were nearly of the 
same age, and although their paths in life were widely 
different, yet the eminent reputation to which Mr. Bui-- 
linghame attained as a brilliant orator in the popular 
branch of Congi-ess, and his world-wide fame as a diplo- 
matist, attested by his successful mission in China, must 
always have been a source of gratification to the less as- 
piiing teacher, who, in early life, had contributed to shape 
his intellect and train his mind to virtue and knowledge 

At Binghampton Academy. Dr. Knapp first became ac- 
quainted with his futui-e wife. Miss Emily A. Scott, of 
Bui-nbridge, N. Y., his feUow-pupil in the same institution, 
and who, upon leaving it, continued to prosecute her 
studies, for four yeare, under the piivate tuition of the ac- 
complished Misses White, of the same place, and nieces of 
the celebrated Irish author Gerald Griffin. 

Dr. Knapp came to New Orleans in the fall of 1845-'6, 
before he had attained his majority. Having pui'sued a 
partial course of medicine with his faiher at home, he con- 
tinued his studies in that branch of it. relating to dentistry, 
which he made a specialty, and entered upon its practice in 
this city. His confreres have accorded to him the possession 
of a high degree of ability in this department of medical 
inquiry and practice, so essential to the relief of human 
sutferiug and the preservation of health, and his profes- 
sional labors have been crowned with remarkable success. 
! On the lilst of October, 1849, he married Miss Scott, and 
brought her to New Orleans, living most happily with her 
until her death on the 15th of Februaiy, 1871. 
I The large number of educated and accomplished men, 
engaged in the practice of dentistry in this thronged me- 
tropolis, suggested to Dr. Knapp, and other members of 
the profession, the importance and necessisty of establishing 
in oui' midst a dental College for their mutual protection 
against sciolists and pretenders ; but, more than this, their 
, thorough conviction that dentistry was not a mere art but 
a science, requiring to be thoroughly taught. 
i The fijst movement that was made for the establishment 
of a dental college in this community, and, we believe, one 
of the first, if not the very fli-st, that was made in any of 
oui- cities, took place in the year 1867, in which Dr. Knapp 
' took a leading and prominent part. The college was soon 
organized with a full corus of able and accomplished pro- 
fessors, who undertook to deliver lectui-es on all those 
, branches of medical inquii-y which are directly or indirectly 
connected with the science of dentistry. A regular course 
of studies is required to be pursued, and a certain number 
of sessions, of four months during each year, to be attend- 
ed, before young gentlemen are entitled to their degrees, 
when, after having been thoroughly instmcted, they take 
their walk in society as the members of a skilled and 
learned profession, and entitled to the confidence of the 
community 

From the commencement of its organization. Dr. Knapp 
has held the high post of Dean of the Faculty, and filled 
the Chair of the Theory and Practice of Dentistry, 
distinctions to which he is well entitled by his learning, 
his merits ajid the deep interest he has taken in the institu- 
tion. He is an excellent lecturer, cleai-, ntelligible, 
forcible and fluent. He reads, analyzes and methodizes 
j everything that has been published on the science of 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




igiiiiei 



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BARONNE STREET. NE^V ORLEANS. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



251 



dentistry in this speculative age, and comes to the lecture- 
room with a fulness of information indispensable to the 
proper elucidation of the subjects of which he treats. This 
tact and skill, as a practitioner, have been recognized by 
his professional brethren both North and South, and his 
title to occupy a place in their front rank been promptly 
and generously accorded. If the agriculturalist, who 
plants a seed where one never grew before, is justly entitled 
to be regarded as a public benefactor, surely the individual, 
who contributes to impart a new dignity to science, whether 
relating to the body or the mind, and to elevate an occu- 
pation to the rank of a profession, is entitled to distinguished 
consideration in the community he has benefitted. 

Dr. Knapp was appointed President of the Southern 
Dental Associatiion, and held that post of distinction 
during the usual term of one year. He has held the same 
office in the New Orleans Dental Association, of which it 
is needles to say he is a prominent member. For many 
years he has been a Fellow of the New Orleans Academy 
of Sciences. He is also one of the Board of Managers of 
the Louisiana Polytechnic School, now in course of or- 
ganization. Though an exceedingly modest man, none of 
our citizens has more completely won his way to popular 
favor by his honorable conduct, integrity and affability. 
We have few more polished gentlemen among us than Dr. 
Knapp, and none who is more considerate of the claims of 
others, founded on personal worth. 



WARREN STONE, M. D. 



Dr. Stone was bom in St. Albans, Vermont, in February, 
1808. He was the youngest of three children ; his brother, 
Chauncy, dying several years ago of the same disease to 
which he himself fell a victim. He leaves behind a sister 
much older than himself, and a venerable mother, on 
whom he lavished to the hour of his death, all the devotion 
and tender regard of his royal and affectionate nature. 
She was indeed worthy of his love. From her he inherited 
the physical development and the noble figure for which 
he was so distinguished — from her he derived the high in- 
tellectual and moral tone that spurred his ambition to 
fields of noble enterprise beyond his narrow home It 
was from her precepts and her examples he imbibed the 
principles of truth, honesty, philanthropy and self-reliance 
that appeared so conspicuously in every inhere of his 
after life. His advantages for school instructions were 
very limited, but what are they to the solid principles of 
enlarged thoughts and actions, interwoven into the very 
growth of his physical nature by a mother so well quali- 
fied to educate him both by precept and example ? Al- 
though apparently so badly prepared to enter on the 
study of a liberal profession, he exhibited an early prefer- 
ence for medicine. He went from his rural home to be 
placed as a student under Dr. Twitchell, an eminent phy- 
sician- and surgeon in Keene, New Hampshire. From Dr. 
Twitchell, a gentleman of reputation and signal ability, he 
always acknowledged he received the greater part of his 
professional knowledge. He ever spoke of him with re- 



spect and affection, and so on Dr. Stone's first visit to 
the North they renewed and cultivated a friendship so 
honorable to professor and pupil, so rare in the present 
day. 

From Keene he proceeded to the medical school at 
Pittsfield, Massachusetts, where he graduated as a doctor 
of medicine in 1831. He exhibited in his medical studies 
much the same disregard for the literature of his profes- 
sion and books which he retained long after ; but to all 
that was practical and demonstrative he was particularly 
attentive and well instructed. 

In the latter part of his professional life he paid greater 
attention to the written records of his profession, and 
there were few more accurate in everything relating to 
the advance of medicine. Opportunities for practice be- 
ing few, he took passage October 10, 1832, from Boston, 
in the brig Amelia, of New Orleans. This voyage was 
particularly unfortunate. She encountered frequent 
storms, the cholera appeared on board among the crew 
and passengers, and at last, on October 30th, the vessel 
with a valuable cargo and 108 passengers, was beached on 
Folly, Island, being leaky, and having made an ineffectual 
effort to put into Charleston harbor. 

The passengers and crew were landed on the i-sland, 
where Mr. Andrew Milne appropriated to their use his 
two extensive dwellings and other buildings. The city of 
Charleston sent down the most ample supplies, provisions, 
clothing and hospital stores, and as they were badly af- 
fected with the cholera, dispatched for two other physi- 
cians to assist in giving proper attendance. On the 
seventh of November the physicians employed by the 
authorities at Charleston were so broken by their exer- 
tions that they requested to be relieved from duty, and 
professor Thomas Hunt, at that time a young and 
distinguished physician of Charleston, was appointed 
to take sole charge of Folly Island and of all the 
passengers and crew of the brig Amelia. Under his ad- 
ministration the disease soon abated, and the mortality, in 
a short time, was completely extinguished. Dr. Hunt re- 
ceived the most flattering testimonials from the inhabitants 
and strangers of the island. The Board of Health and 
City Council of Charleston presented a magnificent silver 
vase, now in possession of his son, Carleton Hunt, Esq. 

Di'. Hunt attended Dr. Stone when he was ill of the 
cholera, and afterward gave ample accounts of his valu- 
able services in taking care of the sick. The Amelia was 
burned, and another vessel chartered to carry her pas- 
sengers to Mobile and New Orleans, where Dr. Stone 
landed in November or early in December. He was sick, 
poor, and without sufiicient clothing to protect him 
against the very cold weather of that season. He made 
ineffectual efforts to procure any kind of labor to provide 
for his wants, when Dr. Cenas, a physician to the 
Charity Hospital, procured him employment in a 
very subordinate capacity in the Charity Hospital. 
He there gave such evidence of ability and industry, 
till, we learn, again meeting with Professor Hunt, 
now removed from Charleston to this city, and ap- 
pointed resident surgeon of the Charity Hospital, August 



252 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



31, 1833, he received from Dr. Hunt the following recom- 
mendation to the administrators of the Charity Hospital 
The result of this application we do not know, but in the 
following year we find him acting as assistant surgeon 
under Dr. Picton, and iDerfonning the greater part of the 
surgical duties of the hospital. After urging the necessity 
of an assistant surgeon, and of an immediate appointment, 
Dr. Hunt continues : 

" I subjoin at the request of Dr. Warren Stone the fol- 
lowing certificate and recommendation: I became ac- 
quainted with Dr. Stone when he was in attendance on the 
passengers andVrew of the brig Amelia, wrecked in 1832, 
on Folly Island. It gives me pleasure to state from my 
own personal knowledge that Dr. Stone is a humane and 
worthy man, and a well-infoimed, skillful, and for his age, 
an experienced surgeon. He is in every respect qualified 
for the ofiice of Assistant House Surgeon, for which he is 
a candidate. I respectfully recommend him to your favor 
as one whose appointment as assistant surgeon would 
prove valuable to myself and highly advantageous to the 
public. I am. gentlemen, very respectfully, your obedient 

" THOS. HUNT, M. D." 

Dr. Stone having now the office of assistant surgeon, 
and performing the greater part of the services and until 
1836, when, by the unanimous and unsolicited action of 
the board of administrators, and with the sanction of all 
the medical men, he was elected resident surgeon. Never 
was so elevated a professional office so meritoriously ac- 
quired ; never was one so ably and satisfactorily filled. 
Now was fully inaugurated a career never enjoyed by any 
surgeon in America. 

Known and endeared to the people by his services in 
the hospital, particularly in the free dispensary, which 
was filled by a large and anxious crowd every mid-day in 
the week : elected in 1836 lecturer on anatomy, and in 
January, 1837, professor of anatomy by the petition of the 
admiring class, and, on the resignation of Professor Luzen- 
berg, lecturer on surgery, he became at the next session 
professor of surgery — the leading and most eminent sur- 
geon and physician in the city, the most celebrated and 
popular professor in the school, until his resignation in 
the sj)ring of 1872. 

In the early years of his residence in the hospital, with- 
out many associates and few intimate friends, he devoted 
his whole time to the study of the cases, and to dissection 
in the dead-house. The knowledge of anatomy and 
surgery he had acquired from Dr. Twitchell and the elder 
professor, Nathan Smith, became in a brief time equal to 
that of his teachers. 

The study of the anatomy of all the regions was so 
thorough that there was no local injury or disease which 
he was not capable of diagnosing, no surgical operation 
he was not prepared to undertake. He pursued such a 
system of daily post mortem on those who died in the 
various wards of the hospital that in a few years none 
were so capable of establishing the real nature or seat of 
the disease, none were more able to indicate during life, 
the organs and the tissues most seriously involved. 



In conjimction with Dr. William E. Kennedy, an emi- 
nent physician of this city, he built, in 1839, an extensive 
and commodious private hospital on the comer of Canal 
and Claiborne streets. This private institution was very 
useful and enjoyed a great reputation, people being 
brought to it from the city and wide space of the sur- 
rounding country. But the proprietors, like most medical 
men, having no experience in managing the financial and 
domestic arrangements of so large an establishment, found 
it very unprofitable. Dr. Kennedy retired in 1845, and 
Dr. Stone, the most imfit person for conducting any com- 
plicated business out of his profession, retained the prop, 
erty, but never devoted it to any purpose profitable to 
himself. It was here, in 1841, he lost his eye from a 
specific inflammation contracted from a child. It was a 
source of great pain and sufi"ering for years, and detracted 
much from his personal appearance. 

In the year 1843 he was married to Miss Johnson, of 
Bayou Sara, and a few years afterwards built a fine dwell- 
ing next to his hospital, where he resided with all the 
elegance and comforts of a happy home, so congenial to 
one of his affectionate and devoted natui-e. Living so 
long in the world (to the age of thirty-two) without a 
home, without the society of an affectionate, intelligent 
lady, never was man so altered ia his appearance and 
manners. 

His marriage was followed in a few years by a young 
family. His devotion to his little children was of the most 
tender character, and among the few misfortunes that cast 
their shadows on his path, nothing was borne with so in- 
consolable and profound afiiiction as the death of his little 
children. The people who knew him transiently knew 
little of the paternal affection that welled up in every 
throb of that kind and gentle nature of that noble and 
manly heart. It was the cherished hope of his existence, 
the long wished for consummation of his devotion to the 
future of his family, that he might see them elevated by 
early advantages of education and society above the dis- 
advantages of the difficulties and humiliations of his early 
life, and that they might stand beside him on the same 
high platfonn that he had reached by his own exei'tions, 
his own energies and abilities. He educated an accom- 
plished successor to occupy the rostrum which he had 
himself so long occupied without opposition, and to keep 
alive that reputation that he wished to transmit. 

A year has just elapsed, disease, hopeless disease, was 
making rapid inroads upon his mental and physical ener- 
gies. He often complained at home of his inability to 
deliver his lectures : he made an ineffectual and unsuccessful 
effort to call in the aid of the one he had educated and pre- 
pared to assist him : unexpected opposition manifested it- 
self; all hope of accomplishing his long cherished wishes 
vanished like a dream ; his feelings were deeply wounded 
by some fromwhom he anticipated more consideration, and 
he resigned the professorship he had held for thirty-six 
years and retired heart-broken with all his long cherished 
hopes scattered and lost forever. Oh, Warren Stone, how few 
like thee stood in the world ready to sacrifice much for 
others, how few like thee would have smothered in silence 



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JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



255 



the beatings of thy proud heart — would have stood before 
God uncomplaining, that although not blameless them- 
selves they had been unkindly treated by others. 

In politics he was a man of the people and always a 
leading Democrat. We were always pleased and instructed 
at his vast display of political knowledge and at the force 
and ability with which he announced and developed the 
elevated and stern principles he had adopted as the foun- 
dation of his doctrines. What man, seeldng appointment, 
did not besiege him for recommendation, knowing well 
that no name was more honorable or more influential ? 

When the war of 1861 was brought upon the South by 
the mischievous management ofNorthern andEastem poli- 
ticians and clergymen. Dr. Stone went with his party, 
and, like the other leading members of his profession, 
sympathized with those among whom he had so long re- 
sided. He had a regular commission in the Confederate 
service, was appointed Surgeon General of the State, and 
by his advice and labor added valuable aid to the cause of 
humanity. He visited the battle-field of Bull Run and 
Shiloh, took his share of the billingsgate and tyranny 
from Butler, returned the Puritan morality by his skill- 
ful services to their wounded Federal officers, and when 
the war was over, retired to the labors of his peaceful and 
useful life. During the war the death of Dr. Stone, of 
Natchez, gave rise to a published report of the death of 
the subject of this memoii'. Professor Hunt, in a letter 
from Nassau, who held a better pen than this, and who 
was long more intimately associated with him than the 
writer, then wrote to his son, Carleton Hunt, Esq., an 
eminent member of the New Orleans Bar : 

" I heard to-day that Dr. Stone died in New Orleans a 
few weeks since. His death, I have no doubt, was pre- 
maturely caused by mental disturbance produced by the 
war. A New Englander by birth, he still could never 
tolerate the idea of subjugation of the people of his 
adopted State by the United States. His mind suffered 
under the oppressions of Butler and Banks. He lost self- 
control, and died broken-hearted. Dr. Stone was an ex- 
traordinary surgeon, a great observer, and most remark- 
able, clear, simple, didactic lecturer. He was a man of 
strong sense, vivid imagination, lively humor, some wit, 
and interesting and engaging talents. Above all his 
conspicuous endowments and faculties and acquirements, 
shone most bright, philanthropy. He studied and prac- 
ticed his noble profession as a devoted officer of humanity 
for the purpose of relieving his suffering fellow beings." 

The points in our late friend we approach with the 
greatest diffidence, are the acknowledged excellencies in 
his intellectual development, his professional character- 
istics and his high moral and philanthropic character. If 
the extraordinary development (twenty-three inches in 
circumference) of the brain be an accepted indication of 
the degree of power of the intellectual and emotional 
manifestations, then should he by this evidence have been 
admitted among the most gifted of mankind ? His mem- 
ory was unsurpassed ; what he observed, what he read, 
what he heard, he seemed never to forget. During the 
greater part of his life he used no memoranda in his ex- 



tensive business ; no notes in his lectures or addresses, no 
written records of the vast amount of interesting facts 
daily submitted to his careful examination. Patients the 
most transient, returning after a long interval to his care 
have been astonished and pleased ^to find that the recollec- 
tion of their persons, their diseases, and the very prescrip- 
tions were fresh in his memory. He read more than was 
generally credited. His references to historical facts, his 
wonderful political knowledge in everything that was 
really important on modem history of the United States 
and of Great Britain, made him a formidable opponent in 
a discussion ; his knowledge of general literature, and 
more particularly of the English poets and essayists he 
often aptly quoted, was an unexpected pleasure to many. 
In his profession, what he saw and what he learned he 
never forgot. It was from this vast accumulation, ever at 
his command, that he contributed those general principles 
he formed in every department of his knowledge. Indeed, 
there were few subjects on which he had not adopted 
opinions or some general principles. His judgment in 
pronouncing the nature of a case, particularly of one pro- 
perly surgical, was the most distinguished quality of his 
mind. The treatment, the operation, the time, the man- 
ner of operating and above all, the after treatment, were 
the points in which he excelled all others of his contem- 
poraries. I saw in Charleston, at the meeting of the 
American Medical Association, of the most eminent sur- 
geons and physicians in America, an unfortunate fellow 
from North Carolina, who had attended this and the pre- 
vious meeting at the North, in 1851, hoping to be re- 
lieved of a tumor in the antrum. It was shown to the writer 
by an eminent professor of surgery, a Philadel phian, who 
pointed out the indications of what he called fungus hum- 
atodes, a malignant disease, so pronounced by all the sur- 
geons. It pushed up and disfigured the whole of the left 
side of the face and of the orbit, drove out the teeth from 
the abrebla processes, the left side, and produced alto- 
gether a shocking deformity of the face. Shortly after 
my return to New Orleans I found that this man, whom 
no operator would touch, had arrived at the Charity Hos- 
pital and placed himself under the care of Dr. Stone. 
After thorough examination he pronounced, in spite of all 
the other diagnoses, that it was non-malignant growth or 
polypus in the antrum. He proved the truth of his opin- 
ion by extracting the growth through the cheek. I wit- 
nessed part of the operation and took the tumor in my 
hand as soon as it was exposed and drawn out. It was a 
simple fibroid, and the man was recovering rapidly when 
the erysipelas, then contagious in the hospital, invaded 
the wound and destroyed the patient's life. 

In his frequent consultations with Dr. Wederstrandt he 
pronounced several obscure and fatal cases of pulmonary 
disease to be cancer of the lungs, and in two cases of heart 
disease, one of which occurred lately and baffled the diag- 
nosis of all the experts, he also positively announced what 
was proved by autopsy, that they were cancerous affec- 
tions of that important organ. No man in the profession 
can avoid admiring such uncommon exhibitions of culti- 
vated tact. In the ends of his fingers appeared a tactus 



256 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



enudittts that surpassed all other examples of that wonder- 
ful education of touch. He declared the presence of pus 
when none of us could feel it, and the knife decided the 
opinion. 

On his last visit to London, where he was received with 
great attention, an eminent surgeon pointed out to him a 
very obscure case in the neighborhood of a joint that no 
one could decide. Dr. Stone applied his fingers to it. 
" Here is pus," said he. The scalpel was brought, and a 
deep insertion proved the truth of the assertion. His im- 
provements in siu'gery were many. He did much to in- 
culcate the propriety of opening diseased joints.. From 
the first to the last of his career he insisted on the use of 
frequent nourishment, of alcoholic and malt stimulants, 
and of the whole class of medicines and materials consid- 
ered as tonic and analeptic. He advocated in the medical 
journals for many years the use of cod liver oil in combi- 
nation with phosphate of lime in diseases of the the nutri- 
tive functions. He was the most persistent and judicious 
prescriber of mercury in various forms of disease I ever 
knew. Quinine was probably the medicine he particularly 
excelled in the use of. He claimed and deserves the 
reputation of being the first to introduce it in the treat- 
ment of yellow fever, and in all malarious, diathler or ner- 
vous type he resorted to it with singular success. As a 
surgeon he was a conservative, and when he visited the 
bloody fields of Bull Run and Shiloh, his presence con- 
tributed to the salvation of many a wounded limb to be 
consigned to the amputating knife. In the latter battle, 
Col. Campbell was wounded in the lower third of his right 
arm. The bone was badly broken, and the eminent sur- 
geons in consultation advised amputation. How gladly I 
heard of his return from Fort Jackson, where he had been 
ordered after a brutal exhibition by the brutal Butler. 
The instant I had him brought to the pati«nt he made an 
examination and declared : " it shall not come off." He 
lifted it gently into a pasteboard cradle, and after some 
exfoliation it was as strong and as useful as ever before. 
What is to be gained by the relation of personal rcninis- 
cences of a skill and experience known and loved by 
thousands. 

We have spoken of his generosity and of the unpaid 
services that he dispensed to thousands of gi-ateful recipi- 
ents. He never acknowledged the importunities of street 
beggars, he rarely made an exhibition of his charity by 
public subscriptions, yet we have it on the authority of 
himself and of his excellent lady that every year he pro- 
vided her with a fund of from fifteen hundred to two 
thousand dollars to be dispensed by her for the benefit of 
the poor. 

Having completed this brief biographical sketch of Dr. 
Warren Stone, it will be proper to make a more critical 
special analysis of the personal character and the intel- 
lectual and moral attributes for which he was most dis- 
tinguished. From his early years he was of a genial and 
frank disposition, but not hilarious. 

He enjoyed all innocent amusements, and although not 
gifted with original wit or humor, had the keenest per- 
ception of what was flavored with either, and a fund of 



anecdote and quotation with which he was wont to illus- 
trate every point in his discoui'se that he desired to im- 
press most forcibly on the mind of the listener. Envy 
and personality he never indulged in, but his honest and 
truthful nature exhibited a peculiar dislike to presump- 
tion, pretension, and the thousand arts by which ignor- 
ance, mediocrity and occasionally superior intelligence 
attempt to impose their thousand arts and practices upon 
the credulity of mankind. To the lowly, the unassuming, 
he was peculiarly indulgent. How often have I seen him 
east a white ballot for some illy educated candidate for 
graduation, as if recalling parts of his own history, with 
the remarks : " he ought to be rewarded and encouraged 
for making so many sacrifices to raise himself to. a re- 
spectable position." 

Few of the unfortunate and clientless of his profession 
ever sought counsel or aid who did not enjoy his com- 
mendation or material encouragement. Of all men of his 
just and high title to honor, I never saw one so modest 
and unpretending, although by no means unconscious of 
his own merits, so overwhelmed by expressions of strong 
commendation, so charmingly moved by gentle and sincere 
and grateful declarations of gratitude and admiration for 
his knowledge and skill. 

In the last resolution adopted by the faculty of the 
medical department of the University of Louisiana, it was 
recommended that a monument be erected to the memory 
of Dr. Stone, either in the college buildings or on some 
part of the college grounds, the most central or convenient 
position in the city. This suggestion was afterwards also 
made in the city papers by the Sisters of Charity. I was 
also infonned that an eminent citizen came forward, who 
offered to subscribe a thousand dollars, and a distinguished 
clergyman on Dryades street, who proposed to guarantee 
the same amount. For various reasons the faculty do not 
wish to receive or become responsible for the funds, and 
they, therefore, offer all facilities to have responsible citi- 
zens appointed to take charge of subscriptions and to 
select the appropriate style of monument and the inscrip- 
tions that the whole public and the friends of Dr. Stone, 
fonning the larger part of our Louisiana public, may be 
properly represented. 

Dr. Stone died December 6th, 1872. 



TURF REMINISCENCES. 



AKTE-BELLUM XOTES. 



The famous contests of JLexiiii/tcn and Lecompte. 

Horse races are not what they used to be The old 
veteran of the turf regards the flashy affairs of to-day with 
pretty much the same lofty disdain that our grandfathers 
entertain for the girls of the period. " They are not what 
they were when we were young." 

The illusive halo that surrounds the past eflFectually 
dims the beauty of the present, and your old turfman finds 
more genuine enjojTnent in recounting the glorious contests 
witnessed in his early manhood, than in attending meetings 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




HON. P. B. S. PINCHBACK, 

EX-LIEUT. GOVERNOR. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



259 



at any of the noted courses in the country. How their CoL Wells would ride his. This proposition was ea-erly 
eyes brighten with something of the wonted fire of youth, accepted and the race was duly arranged • a third horse 
when they meet some friend of the olden time whose to be ridden by an English gentleman, Mr. Holland, being 
presence recalls the sports of ante-bellum days, and how entered, making the stakes $-3000 

like old soldiers they fight over again their battles, dwell- ! The day fixed for the race arrived, and as each of the 
ing on each interesting incident with the unmistakable gentlemen had hosts of friends in the city, there was an 
gusto with which a bon vivant rolls a delicious morsel , immense and excited concourse present to witness the 
under his fastidious tongue. [performance of their favorites. Betting ran high, and 

The brightest episodes of the history of the turf in there was much chaffing and fun at the expense of the 
Louisiana occurred before 1855, previous to which there riders among the throng that swarmed upon the quarter 
were five courses, upon all of which the music of flying stretch. 

feet was regularly heard with each succeeding year. There ] Old Dr. Burke, who always took the long chances in 
was the Eclipse Course at Cairollton, which has not been ; betting, observing the English gentleman, with a fine 
used since 1845; the Metairie, famed as the scene of 'jockey suit of crimson jacket, white corduroys, patent 
Lexington's great victory ; the Bingaman Course, over in leather, tasseled-top boots, etc., remarked in his quaint 
Algiers; the Louisiana Course, on the Hopkins planta- ' way and loud enough to be overheard by the gentleman 



tion, about twelve miles below the city, and the Union 
Course, now the Louisiana Jockey Club Course, and the 
only one now in existence as a course. 

Each year, just previous to the Spring and Fall meet- 
ings, people from all parts of the South and "West flocked 
to New Orleans to participate in the excitements of the 
races and in the gayeties and festivities which were inci- 
dent thereto. In those days the rotunda on the ground- 
floor of the old St. Charles hotel was the general rendez- 
vous where gentlemen met to discuss the merits of the 
difierent horses and to make their bets — pool selling not 
having been invented. 

Among the throng who nightly gathered there were Col. 
Wm. Johnson, the Napoleon of the turf; Col. A. L. Binga- 
man, Col. Jefi". Wells, Dr. Merritt, Y. N. Oliver, Duncan 



himself : " I'll bet five dollars to a hundred that the fel- 
low with the shiny boots falls ofi"." The Englishman, 
with true British pluck, strode up to the Dr. and said, I'll 
take that bet, sir," and offered to put up the money. The 
Doctor responded and handed his five over, saying : "You 
hold the stakes, sir." 

A good send oflf was had, and the three contestants 
dashed down the quarter stretch, each rider sitting his 
horse quite gallantly, until making the turn, when the 
Englishman's inside stirrup breaking, he fell from his 
horse, which galloped round without him. Dr. Burke, 
who was intently watching the race, drew a long breath, 
and, turning to the crowd, raised his spectacles until they 
rested on his wrinkled brow, aifd exclaimed, to the amuse- 
ments of ths bystanders : " Iknmoed it! " as if he had pre- 



F. Kenner, Capt. W. J. Minor, the brothers Lecompte J viously arranged the aS'air, and the result was a matter 
(Goldsby and Kirkman), Col. MeWhorter, Col. Westmore, of course. 



John L. Cassidy, Alex- 
McGrath, Capt. T. G. 



Jim Valentine, Dr. J. W. Weldon, 

ander Porter, James Cage, H. P. 

Moore, old Dr. Burke, John G. Cox, Dick Ten Broeck, 

Bondy Poindexter, Scruggs, and a host of others, most of 

whom are lying the green turf under. 

As may be imagined, there was a delightful Babel in the 
rotunda every evening, and what with anecdotes, horse 
talk, bets and coruscations of wit — for some of the 
gentlemen named above were fine scholars and brilliant 
conversationalists — the hours wore pleasantly away. 

In these good old ante-bellum days, when horse-racing 
was pursued purely as an amusement, and not as a means j claimed, with comic indignation 
for accumulating fortunes, turfmen, unlike the proprietors ! qentleman ?" 
of the equine heroes of to-day, took a personal interest in 
rearing blooded stock, and were thorough judges of horse- 
flesh and accomplished riders. 

AN AMATEUR RACE. 

At one of the race meetings at the Metairie, a discus- 
sion arose as to the merits of some of the horses that par- 
ticipated in a race the previous day, and one of the owners 
of a beaten horse. Col. Wells, remarked, if he had ridden 
his horse he could have won the race. Duncan F. Kenner, 



GENTLEMEN RIDERS. 

The heat was won by Colonel Wells, and both riders 
being pretty well used up, they retired to the weighing 
room, where they stretched themselves on benches to 
recuperate. Graves, the well known trainer of Kenner's 
stable, and a famous rider in his day, upbraided Mr. Kenner 
for not riding with more skill, and said : " If you can't do 
better I'll get up and ride myself." Ben Pryer, standing 
near, tapped him on the shoulder, and said: "Why, 
Graves, you can't ride ; this race is made for gentlemen 
riders." Graves drew himself up pompously and ex- 

Who says I ain't a 



Old Hark, trainer of Colonel Wells' stable, and who 
afterwards trained the celebrated Lecompte, congratu- 
lated his employer on his success, and remarked, in his 
patronizing way : " All you got to do. Colonel, is to hold 
your horse well together, and you wins this race, sure. 

Wells, who was still puffing and blowing from the un- 
wonted exertion, said, " Don't bother me, Hark, I wouldn't 
ride another heat for $10,000." Kenner, who was pretty well 
exhausted himself, and who had not the remotest idea of 
who owned the winner, being somewhat nettled at this i riding another heat, thought this an excellent opportunity 
statement, proposed that they should enter the same horses | to try a little game of blufi", and springing nimbly up, he 
for a sweepstake of $l(i()0 each, two mile heats, gentlemen said, " I'm ready now for the next heat," thinking to get a 
riders, Kenner stipulating that he would ride his horse if walk over. 



260 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



After considerable diplomacy on both sides, it was 
agreed to postpone the race to some future day. and when 
it came off, was finally won by Kenner's Richard of 
York — old jockeys riding. 

LEXINGTON AND LECOMPTE. 

The enthusiasm and excitement in race matters cul- 
minated during the celebrated contest between those 
giants of the turf, Lexington and Lecompte, both foaled in 
Kentucky, near that famous centre of the Blue Grass 
country, Lexington. Lecompte was brought South as 
soon as weaned, and raised on Col. Jeff. Wells' plantation, 
on Red River, while Lexington was raised by Dr. War- 
field, near Lexington, where he was foaled. Both were 
winners of colt stakes when two years old, Lexington run- 
ning under the name of " Darley." In their subsequent 
encounters they made such fame for themselves that the 
friends of each looked forward eagerly to their meeting 
in the great Post Stake State race over the Metairie, for 
which they were both entered as representatives, respective- 
ly, of Kentucky and Mississippi, Highlander being entered 
for Alabama and Arrow for Louisana. 

The city was crowded with people who came from all 
sections to witness this great contest between the most 
noted thoroughbreds in America. Each horse had its 
host of friends and backers, and the night previous to the 
race the rotunda of the St. Charles Hotel resembled a vast 
bee-hive. Betting ran up to enormous figures, and the 
whole town was perfectly ablaze with excitement. Even 
the newsboys made their little wages, based on prospective 
sales, and livery stable keepers and cabmen were in a 
seventh heaven of ecstasy. 

The prices for cabs and carriages were enormous, and it 
is safe to assert that not a human being who could possi- 
bly help himself remained in town when the momentous 
Saturday arrived. The track was quite sloppy from 
recent rains, and hence slow time was anticipated. 

Highlander having come here Vith immense reputation, 
$10,000 having been paid for him by the Alabama party, 
expressly for this race, had the call in the betting, though 
no odds were offered. , 

Lexington was the second favorite, and there was con- 
siderable betting as between him and Highlander. 

The race was four-mile heats, twelve subscribers, three 
for each State, $5000 p. p.— total $20,000 : each horse to 
get $1000, if not distanced. 

The drum tapped at a good start, Lexington taking the 
lead, never was headed, and finished winning easily by 
four lengths, with something to spare. Lecompte second, 
Highlander third and Arrow distanced. Time — 8.08.f. 
The result of this heat caused a perfect furore and con- 
siderable change in the betting, $100 to $60 being offered 
on Lexington against the field. Highlander's friends, how- 
ever, still sanguine, believing that he had not been put to 
his mettle. 

In the second heat, Highlander took the lead, and forced 
the running, Lexington close up. On the back stretch, in 
the second mile, Lecompte took the lead, and kept it 
throughout the third mile, Lexington second. 



In the fourth mile, in the back stretch, the Kentucky 
champion went up and ran dead-locked with Lecompte, 
Highlander distanced well up in the home stretch, Lex- 
ington winning the heat and race by several lengths, amid 
tremendous cheering ; time 8.04. The last mile was the 
fastest, being made in 1.49, which was excellent, consider- 
ing the wretched condition of the track. 

The varying chances of this race, the immense amount 
at stake, and the interest manifested by every one present 
— among whom, by the way, was ex-President Fillmore — 
rendered it one of the most remarkable in turf annals. 
The 1st of April, 1854, will not soon be forgotten by any 
of the vast concourse that assembled to witness the contest 
of the two illustrious sons of Boston. 

THE SECOND RACE. 

The result of this race caused a vast deal of speculation 
as to the next meeting of Lexington and Lecompte which 
was anticijjated on the succeeding Saturday, the great 
four-mile day a purse of $2,000 having been advertised by 
the Metairie Jockey Club. 

These anticipations were realized, and when Saturday, 
the 8th of A^jril came, the two rivals and Rube appeared 
to contest the honors. Lexington was largely the favorite, 
and much money was bet on time, 7.32 being the lowest 
marked. The track was in tip-top condition. To the ut- 
ter amazement of all and consternation of many. Colonel 
Wells' gallant steed won the heat with ease, taking the 
lead from the stai't and keeping it thi'oughout, Lexington 
a good second. The time was unprecedented — 7.26 being 
six seconds and a half better than Fashion's celebrated 
time when she ran with Boston. 

In the second heat Lexington forced the running, taking j 
the lead for two miles, but Lecompte passed him going 
into the third mile, which was made in 1.46. It may be i 
noted just here that Lexington lest his stride going into j 
the fourth mile, being cheeked up by his rider who thought j 
the race was over. He immediately recovered, and closing 
the gap which had been opened on him, made a splendid 
struggle for the heat, which, however, Lecompte won by 
several lengths, thus scoring a victory over his great rival 
in 7.38f , making the two best consecutive heats on record. 
Fashion's being 7.32^- and 7.45, and George Martin's 7.33 
and 7.43. 

THE GREAT RACE AGAINST TIME. 

After the above extraordinary race, Mr. Ten Broeck, 
who had purchased Lexington immediately after the Post 
Stake, being much nettled, offered to run Lexington against 
Lecompte's 7.26 time for $10,000, race to take place be- 
tween the 1st and 15th of April, 1S55, over the Metairie 
Course, he to have two chances; Arrow to be substituted 
should Lexington be out of fix. 

This challenge was accepted by Colonel Calvin Green 
and Captain John Belcher, of Virginia. The race accor- 
dingly came off on the 2d of April, 1855, the track being 
in superb condition, and the greatest crowd present that 
ever assembled at the Metairie. 

When Lexington appeared, with Gilpatrick on his back, 
he looked the very picture of a race horse, and Ben Pryor, 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




ALFKED PHILLIPS, ESQ. 



LOUISIANA 



Sash, Blind and Door Factory, 




Nos. 299, 301, 303, 305 & 307 Gravier Street, 

nSTEW^ ORLEANS. 
ROBERTS & CO., . - . - - Proprietors. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



263 



his trainor, received and deserved many compliments for 
the horse's condition. The betting changed from $100 to 
$80 to two to one in favor of Lexington. 

The great antagonist against time took a running start 
from the draw gates, and passed the stand under full head- 
way, with the horse Joe Blackburn to urge him on. At 
the second mile Blackburn was withdrawn, and Arrow was 
shot after him, running two miles, when Blackburn took 
up the chase, but never got near enough for Lexington to 
hear him. As the magnificent horse sped onward, and it 
became apparent that he would win, the excitement was 
immense, and finally when he dashed under the string in 
the marvelous time of 7.19f, the welkin fairly rang again, 
and the noble horse regarded the tumultuous throng with 
something of pardonable pride. The first mile was 1.47i, 
the second l.u2i, the thu-d 1.51^, and the fourth 1.48J. 

FINAL STEUGGLE OF THE RIVALS. 

This exploit of Lexington's aroused the pride of the Red 
River party, who still thought Lecompte the better horse, 
and they proposed that the two horses should start in the 
club purse, SIOOO with an inside stake of $2500, to come 
off on the following Saturday, April l-4th, 1855, which was 
eagerly accepted by Mr. Ten Broeck. 

The story of this race, which aroused more excitement 
than any of the previous contests, and which caused more 
bitter discussions and hard feelings than any turf event, is 
soon told. 

Lexington was the favorite at odds of 100 to 90, which 
odds, however, were eagerly taken by Lecompte 's backers. 
At the start Lexington had the track, and for two miles 
and three quarters they ran side by side, amid tremendous 
cheering. Coming down the stretch in the third mile, 
Lexington went to the front and passed the string in the 
lead. Lecompte gradually closed on him in the back 
stretch, but at the half mile post Lexington drew away 
from him, opening a wide gap to the finish, and winning 
with great ease in 7.23J. 

Lecompte, after the heat, looked very much distressed, 
had cut his hocks and pasterns with his plates, and his 
owner. Colonel Wells, asked and received permission to 
withdraw him. The friends of the beaten horse asserted 
that he had been out of condition, and there were ugly 
rumors of poisoning, which, however, were never substan- 
tiated. 

This heat cf 7.23i, though run eighteen years ago, has 
never been equaled, and it is the nearest approach to the 
winner's wonderful time of 7. 19 J. 

Mr. Ten Broeck subsequently bought Lexington under 
the following circumstances : 

Colonel Wells, after the defeat of Lecompte, was thor- 
oughly impressed with the idea that his horse had been 
poisoned, and named a filly ho had by Sovereign, out of 
Reel, the dam of Lecompte, " Poison," as an expression of 
that idea. After a race over Mr. Ten Broeck's course, in 
which Poison was winner, Mr. Ten Broeck offered Colonel 
Wells $15,000 for Poison and Lecompte, which offer was 
accepted, and the name of the filly was changed at once to 
Pryoress, in compliment to Ben Pryor, the trainor of Lex- 



ington. They were both taken to England, where Pryor- 
ess still is, Lecompte having died shortly after his arrival. 

Lexington subseqxiently went blind, and was sold to Mr. 
R. A. Alexander, of Kentucky, for $15,000. His purchaser 
was twitted for buying a blind horse, but replied that he 
would sell one of Lexington's get for more money, and in 
the spring of 1864 he sold Norfolk to Mr. Winter, of Cali- 
fornia, for $15,000. 

The blind old monarch, whose royal blood courses in the 
veins of thousands dt the best race horses in America, and 
who numbers among his progeny such turf heroes as Tom 
Rowling, Monarchist, Harry Basset, Asteroid, Norfolk, 
Lightning, Preakness, Bayonet, Kentucky, Idlewild, Bettie 
Ward and Annie Bush, still lives, and though twenty-two 
years old, is as vigorous as ever — the admiration of all 
Kentuckians. 



TOURO INFIRMARY. 

Amoxq the many chaiitable institutions that are an 
honor to our city, and that succor and shelter our poor 
and destitute people, is the Touro Infirmary. This insti- 
tution is situated on Peters, between Calliope and Gaienuie 
streets. The monotonous appearance of the environs is 
broken by this massive building rising up to the view. 
The building is a large, two-story brick one, with brown 
front, surmounted by a cupola, and it with the garden and 
outhouses covers half the square. Stone steps leading up 
to the portico conduct the visitor to the main entrance. 
The interior of the building is not such as would remind 
one of a hospital. There is none of the dreariness and 
sameness about it that is usually found in such institutions. 
A hall divides the building into four large apartments; 
those on the first floor are subdivided by folding doors and 
are used for parlors and oflSces. The hall and parlors are 
tastefully fitted up. In the hall hangs a tablet with the 
following inscription ; 

Judah, thou art he whom thy brethren shall praise. 

This tablet is inscribed to the memory of Judah Touro, 
through whose benevolence this hospital was founded. May 
4, 1854. The portrait of this benefactor of his race is sus- 
pended over the parlor mantelpiece. Though old, it has 
lost nothing of its worth. The soft blue eyes, in which 
there is something sweet and conciliating, the serene 
countenance and the pleasant and attractive curve of the 
mouth, plainly bespeak the distinctive traits of his char- 
acter. With the poor and helpless of the Jews, his name 
will, in an especial manner, be held in grateful remem- 
brance and veneration, and with all classes of our citizens 
in respect and admiration. 

This institution is principally intended for the sick Is- 
raelites, who are taken in and cared for until they have re- 
cuperated their strength ; yet, in cases of need, the sick of 
all religions are provided for. There is also a pay depart- 
ment attached to the institution. In the second story of 
the building there are four apartments for the sick. These 
are large and airy, and no disagreeable odor of the sick 
room about them. There are but seven invalids at present 
in the infirmary. In the pay department each patient has 



264 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



a neatly furnished room, and everything is at hand that 
one could desire. Every attention is given to the sick 
poor as well as the rich. For the insane cells have been 
long since erected, and the kind treatment bestowed upon 
them has proved the most succe-ssful means of restoring 
them to their right mind. The sick, when convalescent, 
can stroll through the fine gardens or recline in the de- 
lightful summer-houses. 

' This hospital has done good service. Thousands who 
came to it penniless and very nigh death's door have gone 
away strong and healthy. That this institution is a suc- 

I cess, and that its method of treatment is as yet unsurpassed 
by any in operation in like institutions of our city, is evi- 
dent from the small mortality that occurred during the 
epidemic seasons in this hospital when compared to that of 
other institutions. 

The method of treatment in the infirmary, especially for 
the yellow fever, proved most successful. This institution 
is highly deserving of patronage of the public, and we re- 
gret to say that a very liberal patronage has not been ex- 
tended to it. Mr. Joseph Levy is the superintendent, and 

! a better and more active one could not be had. It is partly 

i owing to the superiat-endenee of this gentleman and the 
energy and tact of the board of managers that the institu- 
tion is in so flourishing' a condition. Dr. F. Loeber is the 

i resident physician, a gentleman of great skill and ability 

! in his profession. 



THE NEW ORLEANS SAVINGS INSTITUTION. 



A CHEF D'(ErVKE OF AKCHITECTCRAL SKILL. 



Canal street has received another ornament to the archi- 
tectural display exhibited in the many edifices of tasteful 
design on either side of that boulevard, the building of the 
New Orleans Savings Institution. 

surplus fund from the earnings of the bank, the directors, 
after paying the depositors the interest on their amounts, 
determined to remove from their old quarters, and to build , 
on a central site an embellishment to our city. 

The promenaders of our favorite street have been at- ' 
tracted for some little time to the busy workmen engaged 
in the erection of a building near the corner of Baronne 
and Canal streets. As day after day passed, and the pro- 
portions began to assume shape and symmetry, the passers- 
by were held curiously wondering what would be the Jinale 
of such gorgeous commencement. 

The style of the new bank is, throughout, a faithful copy 
of the Renaissance of Louis Quatorze. The front of iron is 
florid and ornate, yet rich in the tasty display of that orna- 
mentation which was carried to so great a degi'ee of extra- 
vagance in the reign of France'.'; luxurious king. Unlike 
anything of the kind in this city, the JESthetic eye of the 
connoisseur can appreciate the graceful c\irves of the block- 
ing course over the cornice of the front. The cornice prop- 
er has the pleasing efl'ect of the Grecian and the enliven- 
ing influence of the later adaptations from the classical. 
Immediately over the door, shaded by the heavy fronton of 
the frame, is a handsomely-finished window in the French 



style, with a plate glass six feet by twelve, enriched by a 
handsome engraving, artistically executed. 

The entrance next calls for an examination as its details 
ai'e worthy of more than passing notice. The doors proper 
are of black walnut, floresque in their carving, and ren- 
dered unique by the introduction of two heads, of pleasing 
features. Each door has, besides the handsomely enriched 
panes of glass, two antees or half columns of the united 
composite and Corinthian order, which add materially to 
the efl'ect. The deep renforcement of the arched doorway, 
recalls the architecture of the old Moresque Alhambra of 
Granada. To those who have studied the builder's art, we 
would call attention to the efl'ect produced by the tout en- 
semble of this entrance. On reaching the interior of the 
bank, the visitor Is at once struck by the wealth of decora- 
tion, and the profuseness of adornment. The counters 
seem from the workshop of some Antwerp artist. The 
fjrontons screening the clerks are in walnut, and are beyond 
all doubt unequaled in the South. Satyrs support in 
brackets the carved work over the counter, and they are 
wrought in a style which would do justice to foreign work- 
men. 

The floor is paved with the encau.stic tile, the design 
being in keeping with the other portions of the room. The 
walls and ceiling have called forth the well-earned praise 
of amateurs. Medallion portraits of Lee, Washington, 
Angelo, Bismarck, Humboldt, Maury, DeSoto, Burke, 
Watt, Newton, Napoleon and Morse, adorn the walls, 
painted in a manner which does credit to the artist. Near 
the ceiling there are also paintings representing genre sub- 
jects of like merit. In relief to the eye and in aid to the 
bringing out the efl'ect of the furnitui-e and surroundings, 
the walls are finished in panels of a chocolate red in har- 
mony with the grand whole. The mantel with a high fron- 
ton, embellished by bronze medallions and panels which are 
really works of art, have called forth the praise they de- 
serve. Over the mantel there is, on a golden background, 
a painting of three figures representing the " Spinning 
the Thread of Life," wrought in finished style and worthy 
of its place. 

The immense safe, or vault, apparently would resist the 
attacks of the cracksmen, with all their tools and ap- 
pliances. It is from the manufactory of Diebold & Kienzle, 
[ at Canton, Ohio, and was sold to the Savings Bank through 
the eflieient agent, Mr. A. Roy. It is eight inches in thick- 
ness, the walls being composed of two sub-walls, of f -inch 
jron with conci'ete between. The lock is one of the most 
complicated, and at the same time simple in its mechanism, 
in the United States. 

The directors' room, in the rear of the bank, is a conuno- 
dious apartment, elegantly suited for their purposes. Up 
a winding stair, the visitor is ushered into the spacious 
chamber overlooking the business portion of the building, 
and profu-sely ornamented in fresco. Diogenes in his tub, 
and the hoarding miser, are drawn on the ceiling with 
much efl'ect. Around are nautical pictures, displaying the 
diS'erent kinds of water-craft in well drawn lines, and ad 
ding by their life a pleasing efl'ect to the room. 

Through the well-hole or opening below the working of 
the clerks can be seen. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




P 



mi 



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JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



267 



The ventilator above is an architeetui-al victory. Letting 
in the light horizontally, the eye below does not suffer that 
blinding effect produced by the direct rays. 

The New Orleans Savings Institution was incorporated 
in 1855, since which time it has drawn to it the confidence 
of the public. The amount of deposits now reaches to one 
million seven hundred thousand dollars. 

The present administration is as follows : L. F. Generes, 
President ; Thomas A. Adams, First Vice-President ; Tho- 
mas Allan Clark, Second Vice-President ; Samuel Jones, 
Treasurer. The directors are Dr. Mercer, George Jonas, 
David Urquhart, Chas. A. Leeds, C. Schneider, John G. 
Gaines and Carl Kohn. 

The brain from whence came this masterpiece of the 
builder's art is that of W.A. Freret, Esq., who has been the 
designer of most of the handsome edifices of the city. His 
fertile imagination conceived the idea of adopting the Re- 
naissance style, so entirely novel in our community. 

The builder to whose care the work was entrusted was a 
native Louisianian, L. N. Olivier, Esq., and he has accom- 
plished the work in a manner deserving praise. The rich 
and difficult fresco painting was from the hand of Mr. F. 
Haug, an artist of merit. W. A. Talen brought his chisel 
to effect the intricate carvings of the heavy doors and 
counters. His work would not suffer from a comparison 
with that of European makers. The heavy front, difficult 
in the ornamentation and confusing in its details, was from 
the foundry of Leeds & Co., and is of the best work ever 
put together. The time and care taken in the preparation 
of the castings were great. The outside painting and 
bronzing was the work of H. Rauschenbach, and is in keep- 
ing with the rest of the work. Take the structure from 
door to roof, it has not its equal in the South. 

THE TEMPLE SINAI. 



Looking back down the line of receding centuries, we 
find that the chosen Israelites have from time to time given 
distinguished evidence of devotion to their ancient faith 
by the rearing of stately and magnificent structures — 
houses of worship — which have commanded the admira- 
tion, and in one instance, at least, the wonder of the world. 
Of those days when the glory of Solomon brought even 
Queen Esther a wondering worshiper at his feet, and of 
the building of his Temple, the like of which will never 
again be seen — we must turn to the pages of the Bible for 
information. And there, aided by the sublime and beau- 
tiful language of the holy book, let imagination picture 
the great temple of the Lord at Jerusalem. 

In that dark time when, through the power of the 
Romans, Palestine became a Roman province, the Jews 
were scattered as thistle down, blown by the wind over 
the face of the earth. Up to the time of Napoleon I. the 
condition in Europe of the Jews was fraught with perse- 
cutions, humiliations and deep sorrow. "When Napoleon 
took upon his brow the imperial crown, he instituted many 
happy changes in regard to the government of the Jews, 
for there were many laws relative to them which were in 



some respects allied to the notorious black code of the 
Southern States. Thence up to the time when the Em-r 
peror's power began to wane, and until he was finally re- 
moved to St. Helena, the sun of prosperity shone with 
some favor on the Jews. After that event, misfortunes 
came thick and fast upon their heads, until the revolutions 
that swept over continental Europe in 1848 again wrought 
changes greatly ameliorating their condition. In the affairs 
of to-day, and since the establishment of the German Em- 
pire, their fortunes are, indeed, beginning to look bright, 
and their wealth and their intelligence are being univers- 
ally recognized. But nowhere have the Jews been re- 
ceived with so much favor as in the United States. Here, 
the right hand of fellowship has at all times been extended 
to them ; here they are recognized as citizens, and it is 
but justice to say that in the fulfillment of the duties of 
citizenship, none hold their duties as more deserving of 
conscientious regard than the Jews of America. With 
reference to cultivation and intelligence, the Jews hold de- 
servedly a most enviable position throughout the country. 

In the year 1864 a proposed secession from the orthodox 
church in this city agitated the minds of those who are 
called the Reform Jews. At the time when the proposition 
was first made, it did not receive enough attention to au- 
thorize the withdrawal from the orthodox church. But in 
the year 1871, a second call was made by the Reformers, 
and twenty-six persons answered the call. The result was 
the determination to build for themselves a temple, which 
would be the Reform Temple ; and immediately one hun- 
dred and fifty names were enrolled as members of the new 
church in prospective. 

In the meanwhile, during the New Year and the feast of 
the Atonement, Minerva Hall was used by the members 
for the necessary and usual religious exercises of that day. 
On the 13th November, however, the church was finished, 
and that event celebrated by a grand ball. The Rev. J. 
K. Gutheim, one of the most eloquent speakers in this 
country, who had been a Rabbi for many years in the 
Rampart street Synagogue, and who was then presiding 
over the splendid Temple Emanuel in New York, was at 
once procui'ed as pastor. Since then service and lessons 
have been held regiilarly. 

The lot on which the temple is situated was purchased 
from the Grand Lodge of Free Masons, and measures one 
hundred and twenty feet front on Carondelet street, by 
one hundred and seventy-five deep, running through to 
St. Chai'les street. The temple itself is eighty-three feet 
wide and one hundred and sixty feet long, leaving on 
either side a space of twenty-one and a half feet ; which 
space is to be divided out into lots, which will be filled 
with handsome shrubbery and rare and costly flowers. 

THE TEMPLE BUILDING. 

The position of the Temple Sinai is extremely well cal- 
culated to give effect to its magnificent and well propor- 
tioned dimensions. At the distance of many squares from 
the building the eye can rest upon the gentle acclivity of 
the broad and elegant building, with marbled steps leading 
to a wide and beautifully arched portico, which is sup- 



268 



JEWELL'S ORESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



ported by slender, graceful columns qf the Corinthian 
order. 

On each side of the entrance rises an octagonal tower, 
not obelisk-like steeples, but plain, substantial towers, 
that might have adorned some Byzantine cathedral, or 
served as turrets for a Front-de-Boeuf. Each tower has 
its own eight windows, and countless lesser eyelets lighted 
up by the rays of the dying sun. Each is fringed with all 
the circles, curves and scallops of Byzantine and Gothic 
architecture, and capped by mosque-like green minarets. 
All this gives it an Oriental look, which the checkered 
Mosaic work of its red and yellow bricks, like the Mosque 
of Omar, adds to and strengthens. 

Between the towers, above the entrance, stand boldly 
out the laws of the decalogue, those moral precepts and 
axioms iipon which all systems of philosophy and all re- 
ligions have built their faith. Graven on marble, printed 
in characters as immortal as the truth they tell, the strange, 
straggling and distorted Hebrew letters shine forth as they 
were received by Moses amidst the thunders of Sinai. 

Over the two doors that give entrance to the church a 
wide marble arch extends with a motto and prayer from 
the Psalms, " Send thy light and thy truth, they shall 
guide me." 

The beautifully stained and ornamented glass windows 
are cut in the Gothic style, and were made in Cincinnati. 
They are colored in dark, rich contrasting tints, and cut 
diamond shape, each diamond being bound with a leaden 
fold, which gives them an exceedingly handsome appear- 
ance. In the building there are two rows of these windows 
on each side, each row containing eight windows ; then the 
circular towers gleam brightly in the sunlight as it falls on 
their many panes of stained glass. 

Above the heavy brick raised work on the outside, and 
the chastely carved oak on the inner parts of each window, 
is placed a stained glass set, with a fine-pointed star, and 
which is inclosed in a carved oak foil. The elegant man- 
ner in which the windows have been made, renders them 
one of the richest and most beautiful features of the 
building. 

THE INTERIOR OF THE TEMPLE. 

The temple is but plainly, simply ornamented ; there 
are none of those cui'ious symbolic signs and mysterious 
relics to cater to a diseased religious appetite that must be 
fed on miracles, wonders and mysteries. Down the church 
centre stretch two long aisles, leading to the pulpit, flanked 
on either side by large, handsome and comfortable family 
pews of substantial oak. Short iron pillars, of no particu- 
lar style, support the gallery, which runs around three 
sides of the church, and which is like the hanging gardens 
of Babylon, literally detached from the wall and supported 
by huge oaken beams beneath. From this gallery thin, 
yellow Corinthian pillars support a Roman arch going to 
the roof. From out these pillai-s branch huge blue dew- 
drops, each bursting into a triple gaslight. 

THE WOODEN DECORATIONS 

of the temple are so varied and so exceedingly beautiful, 
as to make the observer question if there was among us 
another King David who had spent the years of his life in 



the collection of many-hued timbers for the adornment of 
the holy place. In the construction of the pews, as many 
as seven dififerent kinds of wood have been used. The 
carvings and inlaid work on the pew fronts are most ex- 
quisite — the — well you might call it the back ground or 
ground-work is of a rich amber-hued timber, inlaid with 
soft, oily looking brown ovals, surmounted, and as it were 
bound, with double flutings of a delicate tinted wood, dark, 
but which has the appearance of the reflection on it of a 
rose-tinted curtain. The railing of the pew arms is of two 
fluted rows of wood, light and dark brown. 

The pictured windows, set in black oak, soften the sun's 
rays, which stream through their colored panes with a dim 
religious light. 

At the end of the chancel is the pulpit, the altar and 

THE ARK. 

In the ark are preserved the laws. It is the holiest 
place, the sanctum sanctorum, the mercy seat, where none 
but the High Priest was formerly pei-mitted to enter. The 
ark is the most ornamental part of the building. Its front 
being the fagade of a Grecian temple, supported by 
six composite pillars ; the doors, two red doors of highly 
carved wood work ; on either hand stand two tall scarlet 
candelabras, bursting like the golden candlestick each 
into seven branches, and each branch crowned with a dozen 
tiny jets of gas. Above it, ever burning, is a red lamp, 
symbolic of the immortality of the soul ; above this are 
again the ten commandments, this time in golden letters, 
shining from a blue surface like stars in the heaven to lead 
us straight. 

Before the ark is the pulpit, with a finely worJvP.d bible 
cloth on it ; on each side two mighty chairs. 

THE ORGAN. 

This magnificent instrument has been erected in the 
temple. It is placed in the forepart of the building. 
While it is not the largest, it is certainly the most peiiect 
and complete instrument of the kind ever erected in the 
city. It occupies an immense space, and when the mellow 
rays of the sun stream in through the stained windows, 
the deep gold and crimson, and rich dark wood, and carv- 
ings of the elegant Gothic structure, appear almost royal 
in their beauty. The oi'gan was built by Kochuken, of 
Cincinnati, and contains sixteen hundi'ed pipes, varying j 
from the size of a water-bucket down to the size of one's 
little finger. The stops are thirty m number. The key- 
board of the organ is built in the shape of a good sized 
melodeon, which arrangement enables the organist to sit 
facing the officiating clergyman, and not with his back to 
him, as is usually the case. This instrument cost over 
$6,000. i 

In but few churches is the choir equaled. The Jews ! 
have always possessed a singular taste for and skill in | 
music, and the congregation of Temple Sinai have thought 
money not wasted which was expended in the acquisition 
of a good choir. The present choir, which is under the j 
direction of Mr. Leucht, cost the large sum of S5,000, and j 
that, too, when most of the singers have voluntarily given | 
their services. ! 

Every Friday evening the church is filled with Gentiles, : 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




DE. W. N. MERCER 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




ACAllMT Of MliK 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



271 



who come here as the only place where, in summer time, 
really good singing can be heard. 

THE SERVICE. 

The clergy of the congregation enter — the Rabbi and 
the Reader — each accompanied by an assistant. Both are 
dressed in the black canonical robe, not in the ephod, and 
the robe of scarlet and blue, purple and gold, as com- 
manded of old. The Reader wears a high, brimless, Fez- 
like hat ; the Rabbi, one with the brim at the top, instead 
of the bottom, such as the undergraduates of Oxford de- 
light in. 

A stillness of deep feeling pervades the whole church, 
and no gossipy whispers or hints about bonnets or back- 
hair are heard. Suddenly the organ bursts forth into 
music, its weird voice appealing eloquently to our hearts. 
A moment after a choir of rich luxuriant voices takes up 
the dying echo of the organ, and chants in the soft meli- 
fluous tongue of Palestine, the songs that Moses and the 
Israelites sang centuries ago to the glory of God. The 
whole congregation turn toward the choir, the Southern 
nature drinking in the music. 

When the music had ceased, the reader read forth the 
lesson on the euphonious Hebrew, and the Rabbi, in a 
loud, firm voice, framed a prayer, which the whole con- 
gregation joined in, rising from their seats to do so. 

Again a burst of song, and then alternate reading in 
rhythmic and chants, until a final prayer to God broke up 
the meeting. 

As we gazed around us on the congregation, we saw 
many things to surprise us, whose only knowledge of a 
Synagogue was from tradition. The men's heads were un- 
covered, contrary to what we were wont to believe, and 
the women were no longer separated from the men and 
imprisoned in the gallery, but were sitting in all the parts 
of the church, enjoying religious equality. The daughters 
of Judah, here, have the opportunity their Christian sis- 
ters have, with their " dark eyes that flash on you a volley 
of rays that seem to say a thousand things at once," to 
tempt our minds to far more earthly thoughts than they 
should have within this sanctuary, or with their dangerous 
smiles, leading our thoughts and desires wandering in 
imagination over other fields than those of Paradise. 

THE KEW LIGHT. 

In the service also so much seemed changed. No prayer 
was muttered for the coming of the long expected Mes- 
siah, who is to hold dominion over the whole earth. No 
prayer for their return to that land that God promised 
Israel as an inheritance for his children. No prayer for 
the rebuilding of the twice built temple of David. 

Tradition has made the Israelite a stickler to forms, a 
worshiper of old systems, clinging to the history and habits 
of the past. True it is, that for two thousand years they 
have clung to their old worship, though persecuted, robbed 
and murdered. The army of martyrs of the Christian 
church are but few by the side of the Hebrews, who have 
died for their religion ; yet they who resisted persecution 
have yielded to the force of time, and the onward march 
of new ideas. 

The main points on which the Reformed Jews difl'er 



from the Orthodox Jews, and which, though it separates 
them in their religious convictions, separates them neither 
in feelings nor in any other way, are these : the Orthodox 
Jews are awaiting the coming of a Messiah of David's seed 
as promised them in the Bible, who is to be the conqueror 
of the world, and restore it to peace, prosperity and 
happiness. In the Reformed Church they do not look 
forward to any man as the coming Messenger, but con- 
sider the whole Jewish people as the Messiah. They have 
suffered that misfortiine and captivity which is promised 
to the Messiah before he achieves his success. 

THE NEW JERUSALEM. 

The Orthodox Jews look forward to a return to Pales- 
tine ; the Reformed Jews do not expect or desire that. 
True, it was that when God gave them that land, it was 
flowing over with milk and honey ; now it is a dreary, re- 
pulsive solitude, where leprosy and a thousand other loath- 
some diseases flom'ish. Then it was a terrestial paradise, 
beautiful with blooming trees, watered by a thousand 
springs, and with fertile plains. It is not so now. The 
Israelites of to-day would not, could not dwell there. Some 
are on the frozen banks of the Neva, some under the tropical 
sun of Bombay, but few in the land of their fathers. The 
original Jewish temple, as built by Solomon, was looked on 
by the Jews as the centre of their religion. After the destruc- 
tion of the first temple, they were promised a restoration of it. 
This took place during the reign of Cyrus. But the second 
temple was also destroyed in the disastrous storming of 
Jerusalem by the Roman army. The Orthodox Jews ex- 
pect the rebuilding again of the temple, whilst the Re- 
formed Jews regard the promise of the Almighty as already 
fulfilled in the restoration of the original temple. Besides 
these, all those religious customs depending more on the 
oriental character of the Jews than on any question of 
morality or ethics, have been swept away by these Re- 
fonners, such as the separation of men and women in the 
church, etc. 

LEVITICUS. 

In the same manner all those customary laws laid 
down in Leviticus are regarded, not so much as being 
divine laws of right or wrong, the breaking of which would 
be a sin, as simple rules and orders, suiting the then State 
and country of the Israelites, but which the are now una- 
ble to carry out. So it is with all the dietary and sanitary 
laws of the Bible, many of which are very good sanitary 
laws, but not binding on the conscience. The mode, too, 
of making the sacrifice, the peace offering, the sin offer- 
ing, can no longer be followed, and is necessarily not bind- 
ing. In the Reformed Jewish Church, the commandments 
are its canons. Besides these there are three great rules 
of belief . That there is but one God, a belief in the inspira- 
tion of the divine prophets, and in the immortality of the 
soul, but not in the resurrection of the body. The Re- 
formed Jews do not propose, however, to desert their race. 
They do not believe in intermarriage between Gentiles and 
Jews. 

With regard to the Sabbath, they still celebrate Satur- 
day as the true Sabbath, but are prepared to give it up 
and adopt the Christian Sabbath, as they do not regard 



272 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



the commandment of the Lord as hallowing any particular 
day in the week, but as merely setting aside one-seventh 
of the week for resi and devotion. Thus has the Jewish 
Church, from which the Christian Church separated 1800 
years ago, dropped almost all these distinctions that sepa- 
rated the two religions, and promises, in a not far distant 
time, the union of all races and peoples in one common 
worship. 

Thus morally and religiously this congregation has 
proved a great success. Pecuniarily it has been equally 
successful. Built at a cost of $160,000, the first two sales 
of less than one-half the pews, realized the handsome sum 
of §170,000, $10,000 more than the total cost of the buUd- 
ing, and a subscription of more than a thousand dollars 
from each member of the congregation. 

The financial affairs of the Temple are in a most flour- 
ishing and promising condition. Fourteen thousand dol- 
lars now remain in bank for which there is no use, and the 
remaining pews are as valuable a piece of property as any 
in our city. It can not be expected otherwise than that 
the Temple would be prosperous under the gentlemen who 
have the management of it. It is to them and their energy 
and good sense that the congregation and the whole city 
owes this promising move in the right direction. To these 
officers too much praise can not be offered. They are at 
present, M Frank, President; Julius Weis, First Vice 
President ; Lewis Alcus, Second Vice President : Henry 
Abrahams, Treasurer ; Ferdinand Marks, Secretary ; 
whilst S. Foreheimer, D. Kaufman, J. D. Haas, S. Katz, 
Pierre Klopman and Isaac Levy, compose the Board of 
Trustees. 

OUR STREET CARS. 



The remark that New Orleans has the best, most com- 
plete and pleasantly managed street car system in the 
country, is rather monotonous. People are as sure to 
notice that circumstance and comment upon it as the 
equally notorious fact of the sun rising on the west side of 
the river. It has been explained innumerable times that 
our cars are more conveniently constructed than others; 
that a better style of behavior — courtesy in fact — prevails 
among the passengers that we don't labor under the nui- 
sance of a conductor, with his vile airs and his perquisites. 
These things have been dressed up and paraded heretofore 
in such profusion that it almost amounts to a slight upon 
the public intelligence to repeat them. 

The public may be reassured ; we have no designs in j 
that direction. There are so many points of graver inter- 1 
est and more serious importance in this connection, that ! 
the inclination to be stupid has no support whatever. 

The facts that nine-tenths of our citizens, no matter how i 
remote their domicil, can go from Canal street to within j 
two or three blocks of the objective point; that they can 
do so as a general rule in comfort and security from any 
inconvenience whatever — and this at the low rate of five 
cents; these are of course worthy all acknowledgment. 
But they are and have been acknowledged for years. Not 
a day passes, we venture to say, without thousands of eulo- 



gies — silent, perhaps — upon the street car system of New 
Orleans. 

Another axiom is that they pay ; and yet, with all de- 
ference to the enterprising gentlemen who compose the 
companies, and with our sincere congratulations upon the 
just reward which attends their labors, we fail to see how 
this interests the public further than to assure them that 
the car lines will be perpetuated for their accommodation. 
People are selfish, and, without the least envy of another's 
good fortune, are only interested in it so far as it contri- 
butes to their own. 

From this point of view then — in its capacity as an ele- 
ment of comfort, a factor in the improvement and develop- 
ment of property, and a means of circulating money — we 
call attention to the street railway system of this city. It 
has conduced, more than any other cause, to the comfort of 
this community, to their mutual acquaintance and conse- 
quent friendliness of feeling, and, above all, to the appre- 
ciation of real estate in every part of the corporation. 
Population has invariably kept pace with its advances, and 
substantial improvement marked its increase. 

Of a different nature, but no less important, is the in- 
fluence it has exerted upon the industrial pursuits. Who 
can compute the number of men supported by these rail- 
way enterprises since their inception ? Who knows how 
many mechanics, artisans, laborers, have found, in the in- 
numerable channels of employment thus opened, the one 
stepping stone by which they have attained independence, 
perchance fortune ? And who ever thinks to-day of the 
hundreds to whom the street railways are, directly or in- 
directly, the very breath of life ? 

For such reasons as these — their benefits to the public, 
their healthy influence on business and real estate, their 
hiunane mission to so many of our poorer class — we feel 
an abiding interest in the street-car business, and a desire 
to impart that interest to our readers. The investigations 
we have been making, and whose results are herewith 
presented, have proven eminently satisfactory. It will be 
seen that the leading companies are in a flourishing condi- 
tion, and fairly keeping pace with the demands of an in- 
creasing population. 

THE CITY RAILROAD COJIPANT. 

This company, organized in June, 1860, with a capital of 
$1,000,000 is the most extensive in New Orleans, compris- 
ing six different lines, viz : 

The Esplanade line, running to Bayou Bridge, 3 J miles ; 
the Magazine and the Prytania lines, both running to 
Pleasant street, 2^ miles ; Rampart and Dauphine line, 
running to the Barracks, 5 miles; the Canal street line, 
running out to City Park and the Cemeteries, 3f miles. 
All these routes are among the most frequented in New 
Orleans. 

The original cost for constructing and equipping these 
lines was $997,194.86, viz : 

Bonus to city for right of way $142,995 00 

Construction, iucluaing cost ot materials, etc 519,873 38 

Horses and mules 99,329 40 

Cars 74,438 75 

Real estate, including buildings 146,891 24 

Building fixtures 4,022 94 

Harness 2,644 15 



JEWELLS CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




CAPTAIN WILLIAM McCANN. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




pJiPJ 



isciAisa 



I JEWELL'S, CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



275 



In 1866, the Levee Line went into operation (May 16th) 
involving an outlay for construction, bonus, equipment, 
etc. of $312,915.68, maldng the total invested capital of the 
company $1,311,915.68. The capital stock was conse- 
quently increased to $1,300,000. 

During the lattei- part of 1871 the Canal street track was 
removed from over the canal and placed upon the sides at 
a cost of some $37,000 ; and in September, 1872, the com- 
pany extended the road from the Barracks to the Slaugh- 
ter-house. New buildings have been erected, extensions 
made, etc., at a considerable outlay. 

At the Canal street station all the repairs to cars are 
done, and all feed cut and prepared for the different sta- 
tions. There is a twelve-horse power engine at this sta- 
tion driving slat planers, mortising machines, hay cutters, 
etc. 

The company has 718 mules and horses and 139 cars, 
the latter apportioned as follows : 

Magazine — 28 ears running, 2 extra. 

Prytania — 17 cars running, 3 extra. 

Canal — 10 cars running, 6 extra. 

Esplanade — 18 cars running, 2 extra. 

Dauphine — 20 cars running, 4 extra. 

Levee and Barracks — 25 cars running, 2 extra. 

This company employs about four hundred men in vari- 
ous capacities. 

Its average yearly receipts forthe past three years have 
been $625,432. The average number of passengers trans- 
ported annually 12,508,646; daily 34,270. 

As is to be expected, the City Railroad Company makes 
money. Looking back over its financial record, we ob- 
serve that the habit was contracted early in life. In July, 
1861, a dividend of 30 per cent, in stock was declared. 
Since that period, at intervals varj'ing from three to six 
months, dividends of 6 per cent, gladdened the hearts of 
the stockholders, culminating in March, 1866, with one of 
15 per cent. 

After that the capital was increased to $1,300,000, but 
the dividends continued at similar intervals and an average 
of four and a half per cent, until April, 1868 ; since which 
time they have, with two exceptions, been regularly de- 
clared each quarter. 

F. Wintz, Esq., is president of the company, having held 
that position since 1868, and evidently to the hearty satis- 
faction of his constituents. 

A visit to the offices and stables, an inspection of the 
cars, mules, tracks, etc., funaishes whatever additional 
evidence may be necessary to show that the affairs of the 
company are in faithful and competent hands. 

THE NEW ORLEANS AND CARKOLLTON COMPANY. 

This is the oldest railroad corporation in the city, and 
should perhaps have been placed first on that account. It 
was chartered in 1833, for seventy-five years; its tenure, 
therefore, holding 34J years hence. In May 1866 its orig- 
inal scheme was changed so far as to abolish steam trac- 
tion and substitute hoi-se j)ower. The stock was then 
worth $7.50 per share, the par value being $75. 

It was about this time that Gen. Beauregard was ten- 
dered the presidency of the road, and accepted. His char- 



acter — of which it is quite unnecessarj- to speak — ^inspired 
the hope that the company's affairs would prosper under 
him. How well those hopes were founded may be esti- 
mated when we say tha^ in 1871 the stock had risen 
to $110, par value being $100. 

The number of cars used is fifty-nine — fourteen on the 
Jackson street line, forty on the Carrollton, and five on the 
branches. Two hundred and forty-nine horses and mules 
work on the different lines ; the stables and car shed of 
the Carrollton line being at the corner of St. Charles street 
and Napoleon avenue, and those of the Jackson at St. 
Charles and Felicity Road. The number of employees, all 
told, is one hundred and thirty. 

As a comparative statement of earnings under the old 
and new systems, we submit the average gross rec-eipts per 
day (steam power) in 1866, $350; same in 1872, (horse 
power) $658. 

The number of passengers carried annually, estimated 
for two or three years jjast, averages 4,863,354. Taxes 
paid by the company last year, $15,000. 

The down town terminus for both lines is at Baronne 
and Canal. The Jackson line runs to the head of Jackson 
street, the Carrollton to the corner of First and Madison 
streets in Carrollton. The schedule followed by this com- 
pany is to run day cars from 5:30 a. m. till 8:30 j). m. every 
five minutes; after that, until 12:15 every fifteen minutes. 
It is strictly adhered to, and gives universal satisfaction. 

Gen. Beauregard informs us that he has nearly completed 
ten of Lamm's Fireless Locomotives, which he will intro- 
duce at an early day, to run between Napoleon Avenue 
and Carrollton. The estimated saving is thirty per cent. 

Everything about this company moves with the regu- 
larity of clock-work. There is bustle, no voice, no mistake. 
In the whole of last year there was but a single accident, 
and that a palpably unavoidable one. The spirit of Gen. 
Beam-egard pervades the remotest workings of the compli- 
cated machine. 

CANAL AND CLAIBORNE COMPANY. 

This company, of which Mr. E. J. Hart is President, 
was organized in 1867, with a capital of $600,000, and one 
year later commenced operations. It has three lines — 
Canal and Common, with termini at the head of Canal 
street, and corner of Common and Tonti Girod and Poy- 
dras, with the same termini, but difTerent route Canal 
and Claiborne, running from the head of Canal street to 
the depot on Lafayette avenue. 

In connection with this line the company has established 
switches and a car stand at the corner of Elysian Fields 
and Claiborne street, for the express accommodation of 
the travelers to and from the lake, and have cars on the 
arrival of each train ready to receive passengers from the 

lake. 

Forty cars and two hundred and eighteen mules are 
worked upon the lines of this company, which amount in 
all to fifteen miles of track. Tliey have two difi'erent 
stables, and there are employed, in all capacities, about 
one hundred men, whose annual pay roll amounts to 
$59,000. 

The number of passengers carried for two years past is 
6,000,000. 



276 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



In this instance, as in those already recorded, the stock- 
holders have been fortunate in their choice of presi- 
dents. The name of E. J. Hart is synonymous with busi- 
ness ability and success. 

THE CRESCENT CITY COMPANY. 

We are bound to admit that our visit to the headquar- 
ters of this company resulted in checking all greed for sta- 
tistics. Not through any failure to receive information, 
but rather on the Shakespearean plan 

— " If music be the food of love, play on ; give me 
excess of it ; that surfeiting, the appetite may sicken and 
so die." 

We didn't put the case in just those terms, but we asked 
for a few items of general knowledge — such as were given 
in by the others — and we got the whole charter of the 
company neatly bound in green paper, and, sp to speak, 
mellow with statistics. 

The President — we suppose he was the President ; he 
looked like a President — ran his eagle eye over the list of 
our curiosity, and mastered it in a jifify. He scorned to 
take refuge in meagre details; producedhis charter, which 
we clutched in respectful silence, and furtively retired, 
strong in the conviction of being gorged with sapience. 

From the car starter, however, we gleaned the trifling 
information that the Crescent City Company consists of 
two lines, named respectively the Tchoupitoulas and New 
Levee, and the Annunciation and Chippewa. They run 
from Canal street as high as Louisiana avenue ; employ at 
present about thirty-five cars, and don't j)ut on any airs 
about it. Which facts, together with the circumstance 
that they have a charter, ought to be enough for any 
one. 

It may be inquired whether the other companies are 
not also possessed of charters ; and, if so, why they didn't 
own it. We can't reply. We only know that if they did 
have charters they were base enough to conceal them. 

SOME POINTS IN GENERAL. 

Referring to the first three companies mentioned in this 
article, we call attention to their respective schedules. As 
has been already mentioned, the Carollton Company's cars 
run during the day every five minutes, and from 8.30 to 
12.15 every fifteen minutes. ' The City Railway Company 
has a rather eccentric system. 

During the period usually occupied in going to and 
from business their cars run at intervals of two and a half 
minutes ; between those hours, every five minutes ; from 
dark until ten o'clock, every ten minutes ; after that, every 
fifteen minutes. 

In the Canal and Claiborne Company, cars on Claiborne 
street are started every three minutes; cars on Common 
street every seven minutes ; cars on Girod and Poydras 
streets every eight minutes. 

After 8.30 p. m., the schedule averages fifteen minute 
intervals. 

The men employed by them are as follows : 

Cit}- Railroad Company 400 

Carollton Company 130 

Canal and Claiborne Company 100 

Total, 630 



Adopting the low estimate of four to one, it will be seen 
that more than two thousand people are directly fed and 
clothed by these three companies alone. 

The yearly pay-roll of the Canal and Claiborne Company 

is put at $59,000. Taking it as a basis, we have : 

City Railroad Company $236,000 

Carollton Company 76,700 

Canal and Claiborne Comijany .59,000 

Total, $371,700 
circulated annually for labor only ! We say nothing of 
the innumerable other disbursements, amounting in the 
aggregate to far more than the sum already stated. It is 
our wish on this occasion to develop the simple fact that 
three corporations, among the many, pay out annually to 
a class of people generally poor and dependent on their 
daily labor, nearly half a million of dollars 

Let some grumbler think of this when next he feels his 
favorite inclination. At least two thousand human beings 
in New Orleans are interested, to the extent of bread and 
meat, in the prosperity of the City, the Carollton, and the 
Canal and Claiborne Railroad companies. 

MORE TO COME. 

There are several other companies yet to be recorded, 
prominent among which are the St. Charles street and the 
Dumaine street companies. We hope very shortly to add 
them to the chapter of city railroad enterprise in New 
Orle&ns. 

In concluding this installment, we beg to return our 
grateful acknowledgments for the attention received from 
Gen. Beauregard, F. Wintz, Esq., and E. J. Hart, Esq.; as 
also from Messrs. P. McBridc, C. C. Lewis and J. H. De- 
Grange, secretaries, respectively, of the companies repre- 
sented by the first-named gentlemen. Our inquiries were 
prompted by a motive somewhat better than mere curiosity, 
and we respect the courtesy which took that fact for 
granted. 



Business of the Department of Customs, Internal 
Revenue, Naval Office, Post Office, Etc, Etc. 

For the Fiscal Year ending June 30, 1873. 

The Department of Customs at the port of New Orleans 
is presided over by Col. James F. Casey. Through him and 
his subordinates we are enabled to present an authentic 
statement of the exports and imports of the port for the 
year ending June 30, 1873, together with other interesting 
and important statistics. 

Department of Customs. 

Where it has been found practicable, we have prepared 
our tables so as to compare the business of the year just 
closed with that transacted during a series of years pre- 
ceding. 

IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. 

Fiscal years. Imports. Exports. 

1866-7 |1 1,647,029 $85,426,851 

1867-8 11 ,386,858 60,183,656 

1868-9 11.413,969 75,882,813 

1869-70 14,993,756 106,680.340 

1870-1 19,427,258 99,247,765 

1871-2 18,502,528 90,382,975 

1872-3 19,916,285 101,994,511 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




REV. B. M. PALMER. 






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JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



279 



MEKCHAKDISE ENTERED FOR TRAXSPORTATIOJT IN BOND. 

1871-2. 1S72-3. 

With appraisement $.j.506.70l $5,140,985 

Without appraisment 339,200 654.071 

Totals $5,835.!)G1 $5,795,056 

FIXES AND SEIZURES. 

A remarkable state of facts is developed by the following 

table of the fines and seizures collected in money since the 

fiscal year of 1867-8. 

1868-9 $125,363 21 

1869-70 77,036 56 

1870-1 11,413 62 

1871-2 9,223 29 

1872-3 4.546 50 



Total §227.583 18 

This table needs exjjlanation. The fines and seizures 
collected in the years 1868-9, and 1869-70, were chiefly on 
account of the frauds on the revenue committed during 
the administration of Perry Fuller, in the importations of 
sugar and wine. That for the years of 1869-70 grew out of 
the wine cases principally. Altogether, the table shows 
an increasing vigilance in the administration of the custom 
laws under Col. Casey. 

IMillGRATION. 

The subjoined tabular statement is presented more for 
the purpose of showing what is not and what is. It does 
not appear that the associations to encourage the immigra- 
tion of foreign citizens to this State have accomplished 
much : 

STATEMENT of arrival of imiaigrants and passengers in the Dis- 
trict of New Orleans on vessels from foreign ports during the 
fiscal years ending June 30, 1870. '71, '72, '73. 
Where From. 1869-70 1870-1 1871-2 1872-3 

Great Britaui .and Colonies 419 719 809 1262 

France 310 188 884 1118 

Spain 327 72 192 289 

Germany 2616 1952 2679 2359 

Italy 383 223 383 205 

Austria 48 524 568 689 

AH other countries 679 503 438 383 

Total Immigrants 

Add Passei^ers 

Total 



4782 


4181 


5953 


6305 


1111 


1301 


1364 


1237 


5893 


5482 


7317 


7542 



There were of those bonds, in the oflBce and uncanceled on 
the 12th day of April, 1869, as follows : 

536 warehouse bonds— duty $785,473 09 

17 re-warehouse bonds— diitv 9,394 99 

119 transportation bonds— duty 387,418 78 

83 export bond.s— duty 115,932 72 

19 Mexican bonds — tluty 49,573 63 



Careful inquiry respecting immigrants arriving at this 
port during the past two years reveals the fact that a large 
majority were en route for the State of Texas. 

How the Office of Collector has been Administered. 

Whatever jmay be said about the political views and con- 
duct of Col. Casey, it will not be denied by the business 
public that he has administered his office not only with 
singular success, but also in a manner highly acceptable to 
importers and exporters. At Washington, the New Orleans 
Customhouse is regarded as the peer of the one at Balti- 
more, which is universally admitted to be as neaAy perfect 
in its management as such an institution can be. 

Col. Casey became Collector of Customs in the spring of 
1869, receiving the office from the hands of Hon. PeiTy 
Fuller. There were then on hand a large number of ware- 
house, transportation and exportation bonds, taken by his 
predecessor, and for the most part utterly worthless, the 
obligors being men of straw and in some instances fictitious. 



774 bond^-duty $1,347,793 81 

In contrast with this showing of his predecessor, it is 
but simple justice to say that Col. Casey ha-s excercised 
such care in accepting bonds that the Government has not 
lost a dollar on any bond taken during his administration. 
Mr. Fuller left the office with 2,600 entries on each of 
which there was a deficiency of duty due the Government. 
On all the entries of merchandise during the past four 
years there was not, on June 30, due and unpaid one 
cent of deficiency of duties. Not a warehouse, trans- 
portation or export bond was over-due — all canceled up 
to that date. 

CIGARS — SMUGGLING. 

The smuggling done at this port has always consisted 

largely of cigars. As will be seen by the following table 

of cigars imported, this practice has been almost entirely 

broken up. The fact, of course, can only be negatively 

ascertained : 

Cigars imported 1807 2,450.157 

Cigars imported 1S6S 1,713.191 

Cigars imported 1869 3,832,895 

Cigars imported 1870 5.901.075 

Cigars imported 1871 7,101,950 

Cigars imported 1872 8.605.250 

Cigars imi)orted 1873, six months 3,790,513 

The years named above are calendar years, and the 

figures prove that the officers of the customs have been 

vigilant since 1869 in preventing the illicit introduction 

of cigars into this port. 

Surveyor's Department. 

The Surveyor of the Port is Hon. J. M. G. Parker. To 
Special Deputy Sitrveyor J. J. Maguire, we are indebted 
for the following statement respecting 

THE NUMBER OF VESSELS 

arriving at this port during the past year, and for several 

preceding : 

„ Coast- Foreign Am. Foreign 

lears. ^-^^^ Trade. Bot'ms. Bot'ms. 





t ■ 






Sail 


St'm 


1864-5 


472 


157 


1865-6 


....497 


*468 


1866-7 


....407 


801 


1867-8 


362 


733 


1868-9 


266 


820 


lS69-'70 . . . . 


271 


775 


1870-1 


282 


8.56 


1871-2 


312 


785 


1872-3 


308 


664 



Sail 


St'm 


Total. 


Total. 


267 


24 


7.30 


184 


479 


18 


1089 


364 


475 


69 


1398 


3.54 


560 


96 


1336 


415 


526 


129 


1349 


392 


617 


127 


1270 


520 


678 


128 


1456 


488 


790 


126 


1461 


552 


800 


140 


1277 


615 



*[These,figure3 include steamers in the Mobile trade.] 
The Naval Office. 

The Naval Officer of the port fo New Orleans is Hon. 
Charles Dillingham, and his Special Deputy is Mr. E. :i. 
Hunt. As the Naval Officer is in reality the controller 
of the port, we have chosen to present a statement of the 
receipts from customs as made up from his records, as 
follows : 



280 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



EECEIPTS FEOil CUST03IS. 



1864-65 $578,895 68 

1865-66 4,370.195 93 

1866-67 5,388.300 60 

1867-68 4.278.7-22 60 

1868-69 4.263.385 14 



1869-70 f5.44L825 70 

1870-71 5.899.390 29 

1871-72 5.183,527 90 

1872-73 3,734.849 19 



It ■wHl be observed irom the foregoing table tbat in the 
customs receipts for the year ending June 30, 1873, as 
compared with the previous year, there was a falling off of 
$1,448,678.71. The imports for that year, however, exceed- 
ed those of the previous year §1,413,757. With greater 
importations we have less revenue to the government. 
This decrease of customs receipts during the last fiscal year , 
is thus accounted for : 

1. There was a reduction, ujider amendments to the ' 
tariff laws, of ten per cent, of duty on the amount of duty 
on aU manufactiu-es of cotton, wool, iron, brass, clocks, i 
watches, copper, glass, and on all manufactures of lead, 
manufactures of metals and metal compositions, and 
paper. i 

2. There was also a reduction of the rate of duty on 
manufactures of tin plate fi-om '2b per cent, to 15 per cent. 
ad valorem. 

3. A large nimiber of articles have been made free of 
duty, such as tin in bars, blocks or pigs, tea, coffee, and a 
large variety of articles under the head of di-ugs, dyes, 
etc. Of coffee there was imported dui-ing the last fiscal 
year, 31,185,572 pounds, valued at $4,613,791. The duty 
on this alone would have been $935,567 16. 

Department of Internal Kevenue. 

Col. S. A. Stockdale is the Collector of Internal Revenue 
for the Fh-st District of Louisiana. From his office we 
have obtained the following statement of the collections 
made by him during the 

FISCAL TEAK, EXDryG JTXE 30, 1873. 

Julv 1872 $157,477 60 

August 1872 78,724 27 

September 1872 82.084 08 

October 1872 122,576 29 

November 1872 104,245 16 

December 1872 103,139 13 

Januan- 1873 107,894 48 

February 1873 96,453 10 

3Iarch 1873 89,638 11 

April 1873 85,789 13 

May 1873 145,32101 

June 1873 88.026 35 



Total fl,261,368 61 j 

I 
Mr. Stockdale was appointed in the spring of 1869, suc- 
ceeding Gen. James B. Steedman. During the whole 
period of his administration he has collected $7,955,166 57. 
There has been a falling off in the amount of revenue 
collected as compared with previous years, resulting from 
the repeal of the law imposing a tax on sales, and the ex- 
piration (last year) of the law imposing a tax on incomes. 
Formerly licenses were collected on sixty-five different 
kinds of business and professions ; now licenses are ex- 
acted only on eleven different kinds, and those eleven all 
relate to liquor and tobacco. 

The cost to the government for assessing and collecting 
the revenue last year was one and one-half per cent. 



Post Office Department. 

ilr. Charles Ringgold is Postmaster of the New Orleans 
office. In consequence of the disorders in the office whilst 
in the hands of his predecessor Col. Lowell, it was impos- 
sible for us to obtain a statement of the business done 
during the past fiscal year. 

Approximate estimates, however, may be obtained from 
the following laets : 

MOXTIT OKDEB DEPAKTIIEXT. 

Average daily payment of orders $3,000 

Average daily xeceipt of orders 2,500 

Average daily receipt of Burphis money orders from Louisi- 
ana and Mississippi 2.500 

EEGISTEEED LETTEBS. 

Registered letters received daily 100 

Registered letters issued daily 75 

LETTEES SEXT TO DEAD LETTEE OFFICE. 

For bad direction, average per month 125 

For want of prepayment, 350 

For illegal stamps, average per month 50 

In further illustration of the carelessness of the people m 
maUing their letters, we mention that recently a letter was 
received at the 'New Orleans office embellished with a 
postal stamp issued by the Confederate States Government, 
and bearing the face of Jeff. Da\ is. 

STAJIP WINDOW. 

The average daily sale of stamps, stamped envelopes and 
wrappers is S392. 

Sub-Treasui-y Department. 

The Assistant Treasm-er of the United States, in charge 
of the New Orleans office, is Hon. B. F. Flanders. The 
Collector of the Port, the CoUeetors of Internal Revenue 
in the State, and the Postmaster of New Orleans, are all 
required by law to make weekly deposits with the Assist- 
ant Treasurer of all Government moneys received by them. 
The collectors of revenues and of customs at Galveston and 
Brownsville, Texas, and at Mobile, Ala., also make their 
deposits in the same office. Many other disbursing 
officers of the Government of the United States ^ake their 
deposits there also. It is also a medium for the transfer 
of large amounts of Government money. 

It was found impossible to obtain a statement of the 
busmess transacted in the office of the Assistant United 
States Treasury during the past fiscal year. That of the 
previous year aggregated $25,382,867, and it is thought 
the year just closed will show approximate figm-es. 

^ < ^ 

JAMES JACKSON. 



The sftbject of this sketch was bom in County Down, 
Ireland, on the 13th March, 1826, and brought up as a 
farmers boy in a family of nine children. His education 
was confined to those advantages which most farmers' sons 
receive who make a support by tLUing the soU. At a very 
early age he took charge of the larm and laborers was a 
first-class ploughman at the age of 16, and an expert at all 
kinds of farm labor. He toiled all day, and attended 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




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JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



283 



night-school to better fit himself for a struggle with 
the world. Soon as the younger brothers could fill 
James' place on the farm he bound himself for three years 
at an agricultural school, his ambition then being to ex- 
cel as a farmer, when thus occupied. Judge Alex. Porter, 
of this State, wished an agriculturalist on his plantation, 
" Bayou Teche." Mr. Jackson was offered and accepted 
this position with the promise to leave soon as the stipu- 
lated term of three years expired. In the meantime 
Judge Porter died. His eyes had been turned to America 
as the Mecca of the poor, the industrious and the enter- 
prising. He sailed from Belfast direct for this port on 2d 
January, 1846, landing here in March. He immediately 
proceeded to the Porter plantation on Bayou Teche, and 
delivered some Ayrshire cattle and Soiith Down sheep, 
which had been pui'chased for the late Judge Porter. He 
remained with the late James Porter on said place. 
Being too ambitious to remain in this sphere, he concluded 
to try his fortune in this city. Arriving here in Decem- 
ber, ISiT, expecting to find employment of some kind or 
other, day by day and month by month he walked these 
streets, unable to find anything to do, even applying as a 
day laborer on the new Custom House, foundations of 
which were then being laid, only to be refused. Not 
being a " voter," having no friend, relative, or any person 
he ever knew to refer to, this was very discouraging. The 
unkind answers received often gave him a heavy heart. 
At last, through the kind offices of " Charles Munson" he 
was taken on trial with Small and McGill as shipping or 
out-door clerk in the salt department at a salary of fifty 
dollars per month. This was small pay ; still he managed 
to save even a portion of this. His rule through life has 
been to live within his income. His career as a merchant 
is too well known to require any fiu'ther remarks. As 
money was earned, whai^ves and warehouses on the 
river were purchased. Some fine stores were built (by his 
firm, Jackson & Munson) that is an ornament to the city. 
Becoming a stockholder in the New Orleans City R. R. 
Co., he was elected a director the second year of its 
charter. This position he still holds. He was also elected 
a director in the New Orleans Gas Light Co. ; ♦nd in 1869 
was unanimously elected President of that wealthy corpora- 
tion, which position he still holds, with profit to the Com- 
pany and credit to himself. There is not a shareholder 
dissatisfied with his administration. 

Although a strict economist his charities are very liberal. 
Many families have been aided by his bounty. Soon as 
able he brought other members of his family here, and 
procured all a position. One of the brothers occupies a 
position in St. Louis equal to the subject of this sketch. 
He has aided several in business. In 1866 he retired 
from active commercial life, retaining an interest for his 
capital with the former clerks of the firm. The manner of 
conducting affairs not being satisfactory, he withdrew, and 
formed a co-partnership, in 1870, with the junior clerks 
under the style of Jackson, Kilpatrick & Henderson. 
This firai having control of Mr. Jackson's salt warehouse, 
is the prominent firm in that business in this city. 

Mr. Jackson has always been devoted to business, and 
has been rewarded with success. He is considered one 
of our wealthy merchants. Even when poor his credit was 



person 



good; whatever he promised was fulfilled. No 
was ever known to doubt Mr. Jackson's veracity. 

He is still in the prime of life and full of business 
energy; is distinguished for public spirit, and takes a 
lively interest in all matters connected with the progress 
and welfare of the community. 



ROBERT ROBERTS, ESQ. 



One the most sterling, respectable and enterprising citi- 
zens of our city is Mr. Robert Roberts, proprietor of the 
Louisiana Steam Sash, Blind and Door Factory, located at 
299 Gravier street. Although not a native of the place 
his long residence in New Orleans, and active business 
life, extending for many years back, have ed many do bo- 
lieve that he was " to the manor born." Mr. Roberts, 
however, was born in Liverpool on the 16th of August, 
1823, and came to this country when but eight years old, 
He first landed at Charleston, and from there went to New 
York state, where he resided or about five years. From 
New York he came to New Orleans in 1839, and- com- 
menced life, as it were, as a house carpenter, working in 
the Belleville Iron Works as a pattern maker, and after- 
wards with James A. Bass as a ship-joiner, with whom he 
subsequently formed a co-partnership and established a 
steam planing and sawing mill. 

In 1856, Mr. Roberts started his present factory in con- 
nection with Jas. A. Bass and William Waterman, under 
the firm name of Waterman & Co. In 1859, Mr. Bass re- 
tired from the firm, and Mr. John Brownlee was admitted, 
thus bringing about a consolidation of the two factories of 
Brownlee and Waterman & Co. In 1860, Mr. Brownlee 
died, and Mr. Waterman in 1865. Then it was the fii-m 
name was changed to Roberts & Co., the widows retaining 
the interest of their deceased husbands in the business. 

With these few changes, Mr. Roberts has been conduct- 
ing his business with marked success, and now can boast 
of one of the largest factories of the kind in the South. 
The building occupies an entire square of ground, and 
about seventy persons find employment within its doors. 
Aside from being a successful business man, Mr. Roberts 
in the walks of social life is highly esteemed for the many 
excellent qualities that adorn his character. Charitable, 
benevolent and generous, we find him always taking part 
in good works, and in matters of public improvement he 
is ever ready and willing to give a helping hand. As 
President of the Mechanics' and Dealers' Exchange, and a 
Director of the Mechanics' Society, Mr. Roberts has done 
much towards giving those organizations the high charac- 
ter they enjoy. In 1851 he organized the first fire com- 
pany in Algiers, the " Pelican." Besides being one of the 
oldest members of the fire department of the city, Mr. 
Roberts is also a Mason and an Odd Fellow. 

In 1861, Mr. Roberts married Miss Eliza Hammond, of 
Algiers, and has now two boys and one girl living — two 
children having died at an early age. On another page 
will be found a view of Mr. Roberts' handsome residence, 
located at the corner of St. Charles and Conery streets. 
Without display, the comforts of an elegant home are here 
enjoyed, and the hospitalities dispensed by a generous 
host such as Mr. Roberts is so well known to be. 



284 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



JOHN M. G. PARKER. 



Was born in Dracut, Massachusetts, September 10th. 
1826, and is therefore in the prime of life. He is a de- 
scendant in the male line, of an English family of three 
brothers, who bore honorable parts in the struggles of '76. 
From them he inherits tliat fine physique, brusque ad- 
dress, and tenacity of purpose, which so briefly, yet so 
fitly describe the man. But in all things else, he is strict- 
ly the child of America. From constant companionship 
with her rugged nature, he drew his first inspirations of 
freedom in her schools ; he was taught that respect for 
law, ■\vhieh is the highest attribute of her citizens; from 
the study of her institutions, he learned, qiioting his own 
words, " The industrious, intelligent and virtuous citizens 
form the great bulwark and strength of the Republic." 

EAKLY LIFE. 

Soo'a after attaining his majority, he was happily united 
in marriage with a daughter of Dr. Israel Hildi-eth, of 
Dracut, a physician of eminence in his profession, and of 
acknowledged literary abilities. 

The medical profession had early engaged the attention 
of our young friend, but, after a time spent in preparation, 
he seemed to prefer the more activfe pursuits of commer- 
cial life. Though meeting with serious embarrassments 
and losses conmion to mercantile affairs, his teutonic pluck 
and untiring application, prevented despondency, and 
wrought out a moderate competence. His first public 
trust was that of Postmaster of his native town, under 
President Fillmore. He was also prominently identified 
with the administration of Buchanan, his efficiency and 
probity having been recognized in the successive execu- 
tive changes. These facts show clearly those sterling and 
original traits of character, which proclaim the self-made 
man. With respect to such characters, if the touch of 
nature has been less loving, less accurate in grace, she 
has given the nobler attribute of individuality. 

MILITARY LIFE. 

The nation's call to arms found Mr. Parker still con- 
tinuing to occupy a subordinate federal office, but he soon 
enlisted as a private in the 30th Regiment Mass, Vols., 
and, as Lieutenant, assisted in the organization of the 
regiment, one of the first mustered for what was called the 
"Butler Expedition." 

During the vexatious delays and hardships incident to 
military life. Lieutenant Parker won the esteem of all his 
comrades, for gallant conduct under adverse circum- 
stances. 

On the 20th of March 1862, the expedition reached Ship 
Island, where Lieut. Parker perfomed the duties of Regi- 
mental Quartermaster and Postmaster. Following the ex- 
pedition on the capture of New Orleans, with a valuable 
mail, he was ordered by General Butler, when in com- 
mand, to take charge of the Post Oflice, and to open com- 
munication with Washington. He had entered the army 
with the patriotic desire to contribute the mite of his 
personal eflfort to the common defense, but after anxious 

1 '. 



considerations and urged by the solicitation of friends, he 
accepted the duty, and took leave of military life. 

The Custom House Building was almost a wreck; the 
furniture of the Post Office destroyed ; and its records in 
indiscriminate confusion. Under these wretched con- 
ditions, the work of restoration was prosecuted with such 
favorable results that more than 25000 letters were rescued 
from the waste, and nearly all delivered to the proper 
persons. 

For this, and for the arduous services rendered by Mr. 
Parker, in anticipation of the wishes of the Department, 
in re-organizing the postal service in several of the Gulf 
States, he was nominated and confirmed Postmaster at 
New Orleans. During his incumbency of this office, he 
introduced a number of improvements to meet the public 
wants ; secured increased postal facilities ; endeared him- 
self by the zeal, determination, and uniform courtesy 
of his administration ; and gave to New Orleans, that which 
she had never known before, a postal service which could 
be compared with the most efficient in the North. In 
May 1865, he was removed from office by President Lincoln. 

Commenting upon this event, the " Daily Bee " (Demo- 
cratic) of April 7, 1865, said : " We may only observe with 
equal emphasis and sincerity, in a strictly non partisan 
spirit, and from an entirely public point of view, that as 
far as proved capacity, and eminent zeal and success in the 
discharge of official duties go to confirm a claim to contin- 
ued incumbency, that of Postmaster Parker wjvs most 
valid, indubitable and unquestioned." 

The " Times " of April 6th, after refuting the charges 
that Mr Parker had opposed the President's policy in the 
reconstruction of Louisiana, proceeds to say : 

" But it is a matter of less importance to our citizens 
that he has been removed on account of any mere party 

accusations, than that he should be displaced at all 

We acquit the President of any connivance at injustice in 
this matter, as there is an obvious impossibility of his 
knowing everything concerning his subordinates." 

Equally flattering comments were made by other joui-- 
nals ; and all classes without regard to party distinctions 
united in ^merited compliment to a deserving officer, by 
requesting his re-instatement. 

Upon the settlement of Mr. Parker's accounts with the 
Department a balance of §1500, was found in his favor 
over paid through misinterpretation of the statute. This 
is the only instance on record. No other Postmaster 
which New Orleans has ever known, has exhibited the 
same accui'acy in official transactions. 

AS A POLITICIAN, 

■ The thanks of the State and of the nation are due to Mr. 
Parker for his strenuous efi'orts to create a loyal senti- 
ment and to develop a healthy public taste in Louisiana, 
at a time when the whirlpool of disloyalty was threatening 
to engulf the precious fruits of our late sacrifice. 

Counseling with a few spirits as fearless as his own, as 
to the most effective methods of influencing public opinon, 
he organized the " New Orleans Republican." To it he 
gave the unflagging service, which springs from singleness 
of purpose, devotion to principle and love for the Union. 



SYLVESTER-LARNED INSTITUTE 

^02 and 4-OJ^ CAUOKBELET STREET, 



BETWEEN TERPSICHORE AND EUTERPE STREETS, 
NEW ORLEANS. 




*^encb Ge.maTLatin'%"oell aSd Instrumental Music Dra^ong and Pointing, or othei.bvanehes^o, 1 beral c^tm-e^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ healthful 

the Institute for successful study. The Fourth Annual Session begins on Monday, September 1st, 1873. 

BOARD OK DIRECTORS. 

W A. BAETLETT W. C. BLACK, THOMAS AXLEN CLARKE, JNO. T. HAEDIE. E S. KEEP, J. A. MABTN. 

W. A. BAETLET^T,^ ^ W.^^ ^ ,^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^ P.VLMER, D. D., T. G RICHARDSON, M. D.. 

CHAS. B. SINGLETON, G. O. SWEET, J. B. WOODS. 

"W. O. ROGERS, Principal and Superintendent. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



287 



Originally a Whig, when that party ceased to exist, he 
fell naturally into the ranks of the Democratio party, be- 
lieving it to be the only national organization, and as an 
advocate of its political faith, enlisted to fight for the 
National idea. At this time, for the same reasons given 
above, he became an ardent supporter of Republican 
principles. Mr. Parker is still one of the proprietors of 
the ably conducted journal referred to, in which he has 
property to the amount of $30,000. Nothing visionary 
enters his composition. His public course has been emi- 
nently practical ; yet, with a seeming prescience of coming 
event, he was among the first to advocate the claims of 
U. S. Grant, upon the American people. 

In November 1867, he organized, as we think, the fii'st 
political club of the memorable campaign which followed, 
called the " Pioneer Grant Club " of which he became 
President. Subsequently he was a delegate to the Con- 
vention which nominated President Grant at Baltimore. 

For a time he has studiously kept aloof from politics, 
but it has been in a time when to hold office was a doubt- 
ful honor. There are times when communities like indi- 
viduals go mad. In such times the upright citizen is 
forced into the character of a quiet observer. Mr. Parker 
has deemed Republican success of paramount importance 
to personal ambition, and, on more than one occasion, has 
voluntarily withdrawn from candidacy for important trusts 
in the interests of party harmony. 

His consistent championship of the interests of the 
working man must not be forgotten. Indeed, he is natu- 
rally their advocate, being constrained by the Democratic 
principles which have been his constant guide and moni- 
tor, and of which he is justly proud. 

In a speech delivered at New Orleans after the election 
of 1868, he said — 

" Our population is composed of almost every variety 
of the human familj' ; and it should be our study to embue 
them with a pride of their American citizenship ; and this 
can best be done by securing to them all of the rights and 
privileges of true Republicanism." 

In march 1873 Mr. Parker received the nomination of 
surveyor of customs at New Orleans and was accordingly 
confirmed. He entered at once upon his duties with the 
hearty and general approbation of the entire community. 
To merchants the appointment is especially pleasing. 

To an entire stranger, in the transaction of business, 
Mr. Parker may sometimes appear harsh, from his anxiety 
to get at the matter to be considered ; but his friends 
know that his heart is brimming with human sympathy, 
ready to overflow if the springs be touched. 

Of course he has his detractors, and who among us has 
not ? and his faults — and who would have them written in 
his forehead ? We only desire to present the portrait of 
a lion-hearted friend, — and because of strong convictions, 
a good hater ; a genial companion, an honest citizen, a 
faithful officer, and withal, a man. 



P. F. HERWIG. 



Was born in Port-au-Prince in 1839. His father, E. C. 
Herwig, was U. S. Consul or Charge dAlfaires in the 
West Indies, and during this time P. F. Herwig was bom, 
and was therefore an American citizen. His father, 
a native of Baltimore, Marj-land, was a large ship 
owner and merchant, principally engaged in the ship- 
ping of mahogany to the United States and Europe, 
who, after resigning his position in the West Indies and 
retiring from business, came to New Orleans with his 
family in 1846. 

P. F. Herwig was educated in this city and was first 
engaged in the manufacture of flour with his father under 
the style of E. C. Herwig & Son — a large establishment 
which he conducted until 1862, after which he was ex- 
tensively engaged in the buying and shipping of cotton 
in which he was very successful. 

In 1865 he was appointed Assistant Assessor of Internal 
Revenue and served with credit to the Govei-nment as 
well as himself untU 1866 when he was appointed at the 
urgent solicitation of the leading bankers, capitalists and 
merchants as Government Inspector and weigher of cotton 
and sugar which he held in partnership with Colonel Casey 
until the abolition of the Cotton Tax ; and this business 
was conducted in such a manner as met the approval of 
the government and made both parties very popular with 
the business community. 

Upon the appointment of Col. Casey as Collector of the 
Port, April 12, 1869, Mr. Herwig was appointed his Chief 
Deputy, the position he now holds. 

In November, 1870, Mr. Herwig was elected by a large 
majority to the State Senate from the 1st District of New 
Orleans for four years, and now holds the responsible 
pQsilion of Chaiiman of the Finance Committee of the 
Senate. His elde.st brother, E. F. Herwig, is largely inter- 
ested in the planting interest of the State and is also a 
member of the State Senate, having been elected in Nov., 
1872, from the 11th Senatorial District for four years. 

His youngest brother, Joseph L. Herwig, has also oc- 
cupied many offices of honor and trust and is at present 
State Assessor of the 1st District of New Orleans, the 
most important district in the State. 

The subject of our sketch is a striking instance of the 
rapid progress of a young man from comparative obscurity 
to prominence and independence, in the city of his adop- 
tion. Energetic, industrious and temperate in habit, relia- 
ble and prompt in all his business relations, kind-hearted 
and generous in his nature, it is not surprising to find him 
in the full enjoj-ment of the fruits of an exemplary life. 
Though but a young man Mr. Herwig has shown himself 
to be eminently fitted for the important and responsible 
position he now fills, and all unite in according to him the 
highest praise for the satisfactory and efficient manner in 
which he discharges his arduous duties. 



288 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




JUDGE WM. H. COOLEY. 



Judge Wm. H. Cooley, late of the Sixth District Court 
for the parish of Orleans, was born in Pointe Coupee 
Louisiana. He was educated at Bardstown, Ky., and from 
his youth was admired by his schoolmates for his intelli- 
gebce and ready wit. 

He studied law at Pointe Coupee, and afterwards be- 
came judge of that parish by appointment of Gov. Wells. 

In this city he practiced jointly with his father until 
elected to the bench in 1867. 

Judge Cooley commanded a Confederate company during 
the late war. At the close of the .same he retiirned to 
New Orleans, and was once more on the war path, this 
time doing battle with the weapons of intellectual warfare. 
He was a member of the Radical Convention in 18()(3, and 
distinguished himself in that body as a ready debater. 

He was endowed by nature with acuteness, and great 
quickness of apprehension. Whether delivering his opin- 
ion to the bar or charging the jury, he showed an admir- 
able perspicuity of statement, combining conciseness with 
clearness. What costs other minds labor, study and in- 
vestigation, he saw at a glance. 

The intellect of Judge Cooley, and the robust structure 
of his faculties lead him always to a close grappling with 
the subject in discussion. He shunned everything col- 
lateral and discursive. 

The quickness with which he could ascertain his object 
was fully equalled by the firm grasp with which he held 
his ground. His strength was in dealing with facts. His 
power of discrimination was active, and his attention was 
ever awake. When the writer of these lines first saw 
Judge Cooley, this gentleman was delivering an oral opin- 
ion in an important case. The court-i'oom was crowded, 
and every eye and ear fixed on the bench. A strain of 
unbroken fluency came fourth, disposing in luminous 
order of facts and arguments, reducing into simple ar- 
rangement the broken and conflicting statements, weigh- 
ing each matter and giving out the whole case in every 
material view with such close reasonings as to satisfy all 
his hearers. 

Judge Cooley was certainly a man of vast talents, a 
judge of quick perception, of acute penetration, and of 
masculine common sense. 

In private life he was very social and the soul of gener- 
osity. None could relate anecdotes better than he, and 
few could brino- more into the stock of entertainment. 



THE BLOOD FERTILIZING WORKS OF NEW 
ORLEANS. 



On another page of this book will be found a view of 
the Blood Fertilizing Works, a new industrial enterprize 
just established in our city. The buildings are located 
just in the rear of the Crescent City Slaughter-houses, 
from which the blood, bones, and offal used in the manu- 
facture of the Fertilizer, are obtained. The machinery 
used is all of the latest improvement and patented by the 
Company. 

The quality of the Fertilizer manufactured by this Com- 
pany is pronounced to be the most superior by planters 
and others who have experimented with it. In addition 
there is manufactured by this Company an excellent 
quality of tallow and Neats-foot oil. 

No expense has been spared in the construction of suit- 
able and ample buildings and machinery for the successful 
operation of these works. Mr. L. E. Lemarie, an enter- 
prizing and public-spirited citizen of our city, is the Presi- 
dent of the Company and has invested largely in the new 
enterprize. In the practical oj)eration of the Company he 
has the assistance of Mr. John Delhonde, the secretary, 
and Mr. Chas. De Ruyter, the secretary who, with Mr. 
Chas. Langa, the chemist, are devoting their time and at- 
tention to the successful operation of this newly established 
company. Any one desiring further information relative 
to the manufactured articles of this Company are referi'ed 
to Headquarters at No. 27 Peters street. New Orleans, 
where the President will be glad to give all required in- 
formation. 

MR. TH-OS. O'CONNOR. 



The Chief of the Fire Department was born in New 
Orleans, June 29, 1839, and was educated in the Public 
Schools of the city. He started in life as a pattern-maker 
at the age of 13 years and afterward became a blacksmith. 
To this calling he devoted himself for a number of years, 
and, becoming master of his trade, soon found employment 
as superintendent of the blacksmithing department in 
some of our largest foundries. 

In 1854 he joined Protection Hose Company, No. 19 
and in 1857 became a member of Columbia Fire Company, 
No. 5, and also of the Fireman's Charitable Association. 
During his connection with No. 5, Mr. O'Connor has filled 
every office in the gift of the Company and is now its 
president. 

The personal popularity of the young fireman, and his 
devotion to, and efficient service in the department soon 
brought him prominently forward as a suitable and worthy 
member to preside as its chief, and on the 4th of January, 
18G9 he was elected to that important and responsible 
position. For this office he was re-elected annually until 
January, 1872, when he was then re-elected for a term of 
five years. 

As the Chief Engineer Mr. O'Connor commands the 
confidence of the Fire Department and the respect and 
esteem of the entire community. Active, energetic and 
laborious he has succeeded in perfecting the organization 
of our Fire Department to a degree of efficiency that 
makes it second to no other in the world. 



JE"WELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




COL. S. N. MOODY. 



w 



^ 



JEWELLS CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



291 



A SONG FOR THE TIMES, WITH A MORAL. 



Old farmer Brown came into the house, 

And wrathfully slammed the door. 
And flopped himself down into a chair. 

And flopped his hat on the floor. 

For farmer Brown was dreadfully wroth. 

And his dander it was up ; 
And he looked around with an angry scowl. 

And wrathfully kicked the pup. 

" I'm tired from head to foot," he said, 

" And hungry as I kin be ; 
I'd like to have a mouthful to eat — 

Is dinner 'most ready ?" said he. 

The farmer's wife she was pale and thin. 

And hungry and wan was she ; 
And her eye was dim and her step was slow. 

And her dress was a sight to see. 

" Your dinner is ready," she meekly said, 
" And the dodgers is smoking hot, 

But I've scraped the meal all out of the box, 
And the last jint's jest from the pot." 

'•The mischief you have," said farmer Brown, 

Heaving a doleful sigh : 
" Thar's plenty of bacon and com in town. 

And I've no money to buy." 

Up spoke the farmer's daughter, Marier — 

And she hadn't spoke before : — • 
" Thar's cotton out under the shed," said she, 

" Some dozen bales or more." 

" Cotton, the devil !" said farmer Brown, 

(It's dreadfully wrong to swear). 
" My cotton's all mortgaged for last year's work, 

With never a bale to spare." 

" Well, then," his daughter up spoke again, 

" If that won't do for feed, 
You've tv/o or three wagon loads or more 

Of Dickson's Prolific Seed." 

" Do you think me a beast ?" said farmer Brown, 

" I'm neither cow nor steer ; 
And what if I was ? I've hardly enough 

Of seed to plant this year." 

Then said his daughter, Marier, again, 

"Thar's guano, lots," she said, 
" Thar's twenty sacks full into the bam, 

And barrels under the shed." 

" Guano ? Oh, Lud !" said farmer Brown, 

" I need all the precious stuff 
To put on my cotton land this year. 

And then not have enough." • 

But when the farmer had eaten his fill. 

He fell into thought profound, 
And smoked his tobacco, which cost at least 

Some ninety cents per pound. 



CHRISTIAN ROSELIUS. 



Christian Roselius was engaged, in New Orleans, during 
forty-five consecutive years, immediately preceding bis 
death (on the fifth of September, 187.3,) in the uninter- 
rupted and active pursuit of the profession of the law. For 
the half of that long period, simultaneously, performing 
the duties of a profession of law in the University of 
Louisiana. Bereft of all adventitious circumstance.? — of 
humble parentage — he rose from poverty and obscurity, 
to an eminent position. 

So conspicuous a career deserves noted comment. It 
will serve a double purpose — as a tribute of respect to the 
memory of the distinguished departed, mingled with grief 
and interest, and will offer a bright example, by which the 
young specially will derive much solace and profit 

HIS EMIGKATION TO AMERICA. 

He was born on the 10th day of August, 1803, in Bruns- 
wick, a State of Germany, at the distance of a few miles 
from the free city of Bremen, as well as I can understand 
in the town of Thedinghausen. He received a good school 
education, but knew only one language — the German — his 
maternal tongue. At the age of sixteen he left his native 
land as a passenger on board of the Dutch brig Jupiter, 
which sailed from the port of Bremen and arrived in the 
city of New Orleans on the 11th of July, 1820. William 
Duhy, publisher of the Louisiana Advertiser, needing an 
apprentice to the trade of printing, and learning that there 
were two young lads on the brig who would suit him, re- 
quested one of his acquaintances to accompany him — this 
credible person, still living, did so and saw the master, the 
two young men and Duhy conversing. The latter told 
him that his choice had fallen on young Roselius, finding 
him the more intelligent ; that he had paid his jjassage and 
taken him for an apprentice. Whether he was regularly 
bound as an apprentice, I am unable to ascertain. Certain 
it is that he did serve as such in the printing establish- 
ment of Duhy two years and a half and immediately after- 
wards was employed as 

A JOURNETMAIf PRINTER, 

on wages, in the office of the JLouisiaJia Courier, J. C. de 
St. Romes, the publisher. From the very beginning he 
was very expert — could simultaneously translate (mentally) 
advertisements and put up the appropriate type. Subse- 
quently, as editor of the Halcyon, he performed the same 
feat with his editorials, at one ^ind the same time. 

It appears that he had incipient ideas of embracing the 
profession of the law. He had 

A PLAIN BED, UNDER HIS PRINTING STAND 

in the Courier ofiSce, and there read law books late in the 
night. One of his fellow printers, still a survivor, cognizant 
of this fact, specially adds, " but the stripling printer was 
always up bright and early at his task of printing." In- 
dustry and good conduct were his characteristics. He 
successfully imitated the early lives of Franklin and Judge 
Francois Xavier Martin. 

HIS CAREER AS AN EDITOR. 

In 1827, he and Charles McMicken (subsequently law 



292 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



partners for a few months) edited, printed and published a 
literary paper, the Halcyon, a small weekly sheet — in- 
tended mainly for family reading — in the style of the 
Spectator, interspersed with heavier reading. It was 
spirited and well edited. 

Even at that early day he gives us proof of that good 
temper, perseverance and fortitude which ever after 
characterized him and enabled him to mount up the steps 
of fame. After being engaged in this newspaper six 
months he published a card of withdrawal, announcing 
that he had disposed of his interest with some humor, and 
wrote, " As the abdication of an editorial chair is not of so 
much consequence as that of a throne, I do not think it 
worth while to trouble the public with the reasons that 
have induced me to withdraw." The truth was the paper 
was not remunerative — it was a pioneer enterprise. 

He had reviewed the History of Louisiana, (then just 
fresh from the press,) by Judge Martin ; and there also 
shows the nascent talent which distinguished him as an 
artful advocate. It was intended to be laudatory of the 
author. The writer was forced to admit that the style was 
not good, but in order to cover the defect he magnified 
the great value of the materials (as he termed them) con- 
tained in the history. The article was a success, at least 
so far as Judge Martin was concerned, for he expressed 
himself pleased with it. 

At the time he was a stiident at law in the office of 
Davesac, and after obtaining his license to practice law, as 
well as when he was editor, he taught English, for a means 
of support, in a young ladies' school. 

Young Roselius and Alexander Dimitry (the latter, the 
well-known scholar) after exchanging views, as to the call- 
ing in life they should adopt, on the 16th day of December, 
1826, 

ENTERED AS LAW STUDENTS 

the office of Auguste Davesac, who was a prominent 
practitioner in the criminal court, and spoken of by his 
contemporaries as a gentleman of taste, wit, and of some 
eloquence. He did not rank high as a civilian ; but these 
young students had, at the same time, the benefit of the 
instructions of Workman, (a name familiar to the bar as a 
thorough jurist with literary attainments) who had an ad- 
joining office. 

One of the first books placed in their hands, was 
Cooper's Justinian, containing an English translation. 
Dimitry had an advantage over his fellow — he could read 
the original text. To equalize this, the latter taught the 
former Latin. 

In one year (the facility of the pupil for the acquisition 
of languages was so great) he could read Roman law 
authors in the original. 

On the 23d day of June, 1828, he was examined in open 
court, by the Supreme Court, then composed of Judges 
Matthews, Martin and Porter, and was on that day licensed. 
Just previous, on the 25th of March, 1828, was adopted 
that act, the repeal of which is termed by Judge Matthews 
as sweeping in its efi"ects — tremendously sweeping, and by 
Etienne Mazureau as 



LE GRAND COUP DE BALAI. 

In fact, in the absence of any legislative enactment, it 
left to the French, Roman, and Spanish laws, that authority 
which the force of reason alone could command. This in 
no manner abated the study of the systems of jurispru- 
dence of foreign countries ; but, inasmuch as our Civil 
Code is mainly copied from the Code Napoleon, modified 
by some portions of Spanish jurisprudence and some local 
provisions, the French civil laws became an object of close 
study, to which the deceased devoted all the attention and 
perseverance he was capable of. He studied extensively 
the French commentators (keeping up with all the new 
works), and constantly cited them. An attempt is made 
to depreciate them in saying they are so frequently con- 
tradictory. These authors treat of every subject, as if an 
open question — they go to the sources of the law, from 
the earliest Roman times, entering extensively, with all 
the lights before them, in theoretical discussions as to 
what the law ought to be, or what modifications to it, 
should exist — then follows the decisions of their courts ; 
but inasmuch as the discussion of the theory occupies so 
much more of their time, a foreigner may erroneously con- 
clude that the former is of secondary importance, and 
French jurispmdence in a very unsettled state. These 
French works, whose researches extend to two thou- 
sand years are rarely quoted in the courts of England 
and of our sister States. The treasures of legal knowledge, 
looked upon in a foreign language, are in a great measure 
ignored by them, specially in cases involving the law of 
contracts, comprising a large poi'tion of the litigation of 
the country, or in questions in equity jurisprudence. 

It is to be regretted that the deceased, with his wide 
range of experience and profound erudition, did not favor 
us with an elementary work on our CivU Code. 

HIS LOVE OF THE CIVIL LAW 

was a passion — the subject of his daily meditations and 
the favorite topics of his conversations. It is unanimously 
conceded by the Bar and Bench that in the department 
of the civil law he was the front figure. He would have 
graced a seat on the United States Supreme Court Bench ; 
would have materially aided, with the large resources he 
could have made to bear, in inspiring a taste to the pro- 
fession in the United States for the study of foreign sys- 
tems of law, and would have exalted the standard of legal 
culture. 

Fully appreciating the importance of the French lan- 
guage, he soon acquired it, and in his early career, at the 
Bar, frequently addressed juries in French. He seldom 
wrote it, for he was cognizant, owing to its nicetie-, that 
there are few in this country, although having received a 
liberal education, who can write it in strict conformity 
with the numerous rules of grammar, and a less number, 
with elegance. Even when he was a member of the Legis- 
lature, in 1841, the speeches of members who spoke in 
English were translated, orally, in French when any 
member so required it. It was a matter of astonishment 
with what accuracy the clerks of the respective Houses 
could do so, sentence after sentence, in the same order. 




-*-! 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



295 



HIS BEIEFS. 

Many of our ablest lawyers have left no briefs worthy 
of their reputations ; the reports abound with his, care- 
fully prepared, evidencing a thorough examination of both 
civil and common law authorities, a masterly discussion of 
all the points, with jjroper division, and in a clear, accurate 
and condensed style. Some of the best of them are not 
reported in full. He did not rest his cases in the appellate 
court on mere oral argument, for he well knew that in the 
multiplicity of cases, and in the intricacies of difficult 
qu§stions, the impressions left might be effaced or not ac- 
curately remembered. As specimens of his briefs the 
Franklin Batture, Williams and Shepherd cases may be 
referred to. During the summer months he was actively 
(for he was never idle) engaged in reading the new works 
on law, keeping step to the march of improvement in 
jurisprudence, prepared his briefs and cases, to give room 
for full attention to the new business at the opening of 
the courts. Never traveled but for the last few years of 
his life. In 18C9 visited his native country where he 
found only two of his schoolmates survivors. He kept 
very regular office hours, understanding the great im- 
portance of this for success, and his clients always knew 
where and when to find him, and he had the faculty of 
rapidly changing his attention from one business to an- 
other, so necessary to effect expedition in business. 

HIS PERSOKAL APPEAKAKCE AND DBMEANOE. 

As to his personal appearance — in his apparel, he was 
very neat and choice — his face was not handsome — in 
stature of a medium size. Voice harsh and loud, always 
pitched to so high a key that it could be heard outside the 
court room. Such strong lungs, his voice never seemed to 
be fatigued, although on a strain ; in gestures not gi'aceful, 
making use of the shoulders in gesticulating. He was 
emphatic, ever confident, very often dogmatic. Showed 
no quarter to the arguments of his adversaries. (All 
fortier in re, not much suaviter in modo ) scouted them 
as leading to the most absurd and preposterous results — 
palpably erroneous. He presented all the phases of the 
case favorable to his client ; he may not have liked to 
vouch for the soundness of all the views h» uttered with 
such tones of conviction; but he could not take upon 
himself to decide what alone he might consider as having 
weight or being decisive — his client must have the benefit 
of them all. At times this may have been thought that 
this w as a failing. Be it said, he was invariably decorous 
to the opposite counsel; never ill natured; never be- 
trayed into a personal difficulty. Warded off anything 
pffensive by pleasantry, and derisive argument, but hand- 
ling his adversary's position without gloves and with the 
greatest force and ability. Never relaxing his grasp on 
the difficulties of the case ; never dull ; more solidity than 
brilliancy. An admirable temper ; proof against all trials, 
and in this he excelled, which is a secret of success and 
well worthy of imitation. Never pouted over ill success — 
blessed with a happy faculty to chase away anxieties or 
disappointment. Why should he impair his strength and 
usefulness by brooding over a case, erroneously decided. 



by a judge who had not had even the sagacity to perceive 
where the difficulty of the ease lay, or over a stupid vor- 
. .ict ? This sound philosophy enabled him to pu.sh through 
(with unabated vigor) his heavy labors — never marring in 
the least a pleasant walk in his orange grove, or a delight- 
ful ride on horseback. His contemporaries say that from 
the beginning of his professional cai'eer he attended to his 
practice with a vigor and energy seldom ever witnessed ; 
he reached the front rank about 1836; from that time he 
never ceased to have the most lucrative practice and re- 
ceived very large fees. Punctuality and probity charac- 
terized him. 

HIS HABITS AND BENEVOLENCE. 

Many gratuitous professional services has he rendered to 
the widow, the orphan and to charitable institutions. 
Membei-s of the bar, in his intimacy, have an idea of their 
great extent ! His obliging disposition, too often, without 
proper discrimination, betrayed him into the weakness of 
loaning his signature too freely. This, from an early 
period, in his' professional career and never ceased. A 
negative, many a time, would be a blessing to him who re- 
fuses, as well as to the one who is refused. In him was 
verified the proverb quoted by Tropplong in his work on 
suretyship : who goes security pays. 

His residence, for many years before his death, was in 
the rural district of Greenville, of late incorporated in the 
city of New Orleans. His grounds are extensive and 
adorned and utilized by groves of orange trees. He in- 
dulged, at one time, in raising vegetables and gardening ; 
no personal attention on his part; but he delighted to 
show them to his guests and visitors. Widely attentive to 
the means of preservation of health, he arose about day- 
break, and when the weather permitted could be seen 
taking his exercise on a hard trotting horse. During the 
late epizootic, when means of transportation ceased, he 
valiantly walked from his residence to his office, a distance 
of five miles and a half. The habit of punctuality was so 
strong, and the necessity to his system of a daily dose of 
law so much felt, the remonstrance of his friends was re- 
sponded to by a laugh. He was never reduced to flannel 
and chicken broth. 

In his habits he was very domestic — never belonged to a 
social club ; for he avoided any temptation to excess in 
eating or drinking. Besides, he was economical of his 
time — careful not to deprive his family of that time which 
should be allotted to it. In his latter life, running far 
back, never darkened the door of a drinking saloon, never 
ate between meals — cultivated moderation in all things. 
In his young days, fond of the drama, wrote criticisms for 
the newspapers on plays and actors. Saw a great deal of 
Booth, the elder, Forrest and Caldweld ; he heard Booth, 
a fine French scholar, perform in a French tragedy, at the 
Orleans Theatre in this city. Later in life, fond of the 
opera, a source of relaxation to him. 

He possessed an extensive law library, and also a large 
collection of literary works; of both he made constant 
use. He 

NEVEE SUED FOE A FEE 

bu£ once, and this, he told me, he regretted. The amount 



296 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



of the fee was not disputed, but the defendant alleged that 
he had not employed him, but he had been employed by 
others interested in having the title established which was 
in controversy, and his professional services were secured 
by other parties, who made common cause in the defense 
of their common title. The defense was maintained, the 
evidence for the plaintiif — in its nature circumstantial — 
not being sxifficient. He had a nice sense of honor. Mar- 
cade (who honored him with a present of his photograph) 
was his favorite French commentator — ^his admiration for 
him unbounded. Our friend had whims at times — for the 
author he so much idolized is mainly a legal critic. 

In his latter years, he did not use tobacco in any shape ; 
his disuse of the weed he attributed to an occurrence which 
he witnessed in the Criminal Court. Etienne Mazureau, 
the learned lawyer and powerful speaker, (who has left us 
a remarkable eulogium, in French, on judge Matthews), 
being engaged in the prosecution of a criminal case, just 
at the point of reaching the acme of the pathetic portion 
of his address, the juicy snuff from the overflowing nose, 
invaded the throat and threatened to choke him. The 
ludicrousness of the scene, taught him a lesson of which 
he availed himself. 

He had an iron temperament. He relied so much on 
this and his temperate habits he was loth to acknowledge 
that he had ever been sick. He was gay, had a hearty 
laugh which shook his whole frame; talkative, generally 
led the conversation. Some were under the impression 
that he was not a good listener. Always cheerful and 
blessed with a fine appetite. He entertained once a week 
distinguished jiidges and lawyers from other States, and 
generally men of note received his attention, amongst 
others, at his festive board. As an instance of the atten- 
tion he paid to minor matters after being Attoney General, 
and in the midst of professional engagements in order to 
improve a defective caligraphy, he found time to take a 
course of lessons at Dolbear's writing school, and suc- 
ceeded in writing a legible hand. 

THE PROFESSOR. 

Diu'ing twenty-three years he taught the Civil Law in 
the University of Louisiana. As a lecturer most excellent; 
could compare favorably with the best professors. In this 
calling he delighted — very lucid, cogent and animated by 
his emphatic style, commanded the attention of his hearers. 
His punctuality on the delivery of his course was exemplary 
— the students could not depend on the inclemency 
of the weather or the overflow of the streets, in anticipat- 
ing a relaxation to their labors. In his conversations 
some little variety could be detected when referring to his 
lectures — for there were concentrated his strength, ability 
and pleasure. He prepared some written lectures, on the 
Civil Code, for his own use — they are not very extended — 
the definitions and classifications of the various subjects 
are strikingly clear and methodical, intending it, as a 
compendium, to show the actual state of Civil Law — juris- 
prudence in Louisiana. The introductory lecture, to this 
course, published in a law magazine, in Montreal, is 
worthy of his fame. 



In his law office were also to be found law students 
under his charge. He deserves the public gratitude as 
an instructor of youth ; for the impressions left on them 
follow them in the legislative halls, in courts, and the busy 
walks of life. His pupils are numerous, found on the 
Bench and at the Bar, — two of them occupying seats on 
the Supreme Court Bench of this State. It was his delight 
to meet them all, and the feeling was warmly reciprocated. 
He practiced before judges that he had instructed and 
whose tastes he had formed. 

Hie name stands inseparably connected with the Jaw 
schools. 

ATTORNEY QEKERAL. 

In February, 1841, he was appointed and confirmed as 
Attorney General of the State, and served the term of two 
years. At the time of his appointment, by Governor A. 
B. Roman, he was a member of the House of Representa- 
tives. In 1841, took proceedings against the defaulting 
banks — a time of great monetary excitement. He had 
two able and industrious District Attorneys to aid him in 
the responsible duties of his office. First, Judge T. W. 
Collens, with whose active co-operation gambling houses 
and other ofi"enses were severely prosecuted. 

The ofi'ense of gambling was attacked under whatever 
protean disguise it might assume. Cyprien Dominique 
Dufour, like his predecessor, prepared the trial of the 
cases with the greatest care and industry, so that the 
State had the full benefit of the talents of so distinguished 
a lawyer as the one whose loss we deplore, and the crim- 
inal administration of the State was strikingly efiective 
and successful. He was considerate, firm and just in the 
discharge of his duties. He shone conspicuously in the 
prosecution of the State against Williams. It was there 
contended that the remedy to recover a pecuniary penalty, 
fixed by statue, is by an action or information of debt. 
The Supreme Court at first so ruled, but our indefatigable 
and learned Attorney General applied for a rehearing, ac 
companied by a masterly brief. Hon. Randell Hunt, the 
opposing counsel, also displayed, in an answer to it, his 
learning and excellence, in writing. On a rehearing 
granted, the Court changed its decision and the State, 
through its Attorney General, carried the d&y, but Judge 
Martin adhered to the opinion he had rendered as the 
organ of the court. 

HIS POLITICAL LIFE. 

He was a member of the State Convention of 1845, 
where were to be found so many able men and lawyers 
who stood in the front rank of their profession. He took 
part in the debates. In the succeeding Convention 
of 1852 he also had a seat. After the adoption of the 
constitution of that year his friends presented his name to 
the people as a candidate for Chief Justice of the State. 
Although he received a heavy vote, he was defeated. 
Judge Thomas Slidell was the successful candidate. 

The excitement of Know-nothingism and party predi- 
lections may have had considerable influence on the re- 
sult, for he had more reputation as a jurist, than the suc- 
cessful candidate. In 1861 he was a member of what is 



JEWELLS CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



STATE LINE STEAMSHIP COMPANY (LIMITED,) 

TRADINGS BET^^^EEISr 

LIVERPOOL AND NEW" ORLEANS, 

AND BETWEEN 

GLASGOV/ AND NE\V YORK. 




LOUISIANA, 

MINNESOTA, 

ALABAMA, 



PENNSYLVANIA, 

VIRGINIA, 

GEORGIA. 



AG-ENTS, 

A. K. MILLER & CO., 29 Carondelet Street, 

NEW ORLEANS. 

AUSTIN BALDWIN & CO., Y2 Broadway, New York. 
ROSS, SKOLFIELD & CO., 9 Chapel Street, Liverpool. 

LAFITTE & VANDERCRUYCE, 17 Quay Louis XVm, Bordeaux. 

Head Office, 65 Great Clyde Street, Glasgow, 

LEWIS T. MERROW & CO., Managers. 




.WI.>.u;n«M ;.0') A V/< 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



299 



termed the Secession Convention, having been elected 
from his Senatorial District by an overwhelming majority. 
During the canvass he made a vehement speech against 
secession. He voted against the ordinance of secession, 
and refused to sign it. His turn of mind was Conserva- 
tive. He was of opinion that the means for the main- 
tenance of the unity of the Government, and the enforce- 
ment of the laws of the United States, passed in pursuance 
of the Constitution, should not be sought outside of the 
Constitution, for the latter contains all necessary powers 
to keep the Government and the States within their ap- 
propriate orbits, in this our duplicate form of government. 
The reconstruction laws of Congress met his decided dis- 
approval. In fact those who mistrust the wisdom of the 
Constitution, in this, that it did not provide all the neces- 
sary powers for its preservation during a civil war and 
afterwards, are unwittingly not its enlightened friends. 

He served in 1841 as a member of the House of Repre- 
sentatives, only for a month, being appointed Attorney 
General. His heart was not in a political life, but in the 
profession he adored. 

During the military occupation of the city Gen. Shepley 
tendered him the office of Chief Justice, but he declined. 
Gov. Wells sent him a commission for the same office. 
After ascertaining from Gen. Hurlbut that the courts of 
the State would be held subject to military interference, 
he did not fancy such an embarrassing or nondescript posi- 
tion. In 1864 he was elected to the State Convention, 
took his seat for a day, and resigned it by reason of an 
oath that was exacted from its members. 

Our lamented friend departed this life on the 5th day of 
Septembar, 1873. He has left a daughter and three 
grandchildren. "We all tender them expressions of condo- 
lence in their heavy loss. 

The names of Roselius and Martin will not be soon for- 
gotten — the latter as the type of the Louisiana Bench ; 
the former as the Louisiana civilian — both honored sons 
of their adopted State. From the position of journeymen 
printers, one rose to the Chief Magistracy of the State ; 
the other to the Attorney Generalship. By laborious and 
persevering application, they improved the gifts of nature, 
and received the rewards which they richly deserved in 
enjoying the public confidenee and having their names 
linked with the jurisprudence of Louisiana in their re- 
spective spheres. They have acted their parts well, and 
have done some service to the State. We remain to 
honor them, and to profit by their examples ! 



THE PIRATE OP THE GULF. 



MORE PIRATICAL DELUSIONS — THE LAFITTE DELUSION. 

This name has indeed been the synonym of the pirate in 
his bloodiest, darkest and most interesting aspects. There 
is hardly a name in our State annals so familiar to the 
juvenile, and, indeed, to the senile mind, as that of this 
biilliant, sanguinary and desperate ruffian, who has been 
immortalized in verse and prose as the original of those 
oft-quoted lines of Byron, the possessor of " a single virtue, 
linked with a thousand crimes." 



THE IDEAL LAFITTE. 

Innumerable are the Lafittes of history, of romance, of 
tradition. Every exposed and notable locality, dreary 
island or desolate inlet, or mysterious nook of a bayou, 
sets up a claim to association with this mysterious villain. 
There has not been an ancient, broken-down old sailor, 
who has lived for the last half century on our desolate 
coast, who is not suspected by new comers of having been, 
at one time or another, associated with Lafitte. Lafitte's 
men have, indeed, like our colored veterans, multiplied 
with time. They have been the most prolific of pirates. 
The number of genuine, real, veritable Lafittes who have 
flourished in our Gulf, has exceeded the Richmonds on the 
field of Bosworth, as they appeared to the conscience- 
stricken Richard. 

Lafitte has been the generic term for all pirates and all 
persons engaged in dubious nautical adventures. To de- 
stroy this grand and elaborate superstruction of rotnance 
and sensational and traditional fiction, is no easy task. It 
involves, in fact, a very serious responsibility. Popular fan- 
cy and love of the marvelous does not yield to such prosaic 
and cruel contradictions and proofs. Niebuhr, the great 
Prussian historian, has never been forgiven for his demon- 
stration that Romulus and Remus were never suckled by 
a wolf, and other fairy stories relating to the early Romans, 
which so delighted our youthful imaginations, and fixed 
our attention upon the otherwise dry and sterile story of 
ancient Rome. 

Shall we escape a less severe condemnation by express- 
ing our profound conviction that the only persons of the 
name of Lafitte, who ever flourished in this section of our 
great republic, were never pirates, or even nautical char- 
acters ; never skimmed the Gulf with low, black, rakish 
cruisers, bearing at their peak the death's-head and cross- 
bones ; never boarded passenger and merchant ships, with 
cutlasses in hand, and long beards, and gi'im, savage vis- 
ages, and, capturing the defenseless vessels, compelled the 
male passengers to walk the plank, recruited their ranks 
from the crews, and appropriated the females — the young 
and beautiful of them as wives and sweethearts, who were, 
according to the Ledger, Mr. Ned Buntline and the Rev. 
Mr. Ingraham, soon reconciled to the luxuries and wild 
joys of the Pirates' Home. All these characteristics of the 
genuine pirate were about as foreign to the personages 
who figured in our local history under the name of Lafitte, 
as would be similar exploits on the high road in the Jack 
Shepherd line, performed by the carpet-bag depredatoi-s 
upon the peace and prosperity of our good citizens. 

THE REAL LAFITTE. 

Alas ! the melancholy fact leaks out that the great head 
of this supposititious piratical 6and, who had given such 
world-wide notoriety to the name of Lafette, was an intel- 
ligent French blacksmith, who kept his forge at the corner 
of St. Phillippe and Bourbon streets, and had no other 
connections with any transactions on the sea, except as an 
agent and manager of an association of smugglers and filli- 
busters who combined to defraud the United States Cus- 
tomhouse of duties, and to plunder Spanish commerce 
under privateering commissions issued by the rebel Span- 



300 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



ish State of Columbia. No pirates were they, but first- 
class smugglers and privateers, who ran a thriving trade 
by smuggling the goods which they had captured from 
defenseless Spanish merchantmen, through the Bayoa 
Barrataria up to the point on the other side of the river, 
now known as Harvey canal, where they would be received 
and taken care of by Jean Lafitte and his brothers, and 
brought over to the city by night and then distributed 
among the stores on the levee, to be retailed to the citizens, 
to the great disgust of honest traders who ot sell 

like goods at like rates. 

LAFITTE AS A PATRIO 

This was the extent of the ofi'ending of Lafitte and his 
Barratarians ; and not even this much was proved against 
them, for though arrested and imprisoned by the United 
States, and indicted, no case could be proved against them, 
even under the law punishing the violation of our neutral- 
ity laws. On the the contrary, it was shown that Lafitte 
and his followers had rendered most valuable services in 
the defense of this city in 1814-15 against the British in- 
vaders. To estimate the full value of these services, we 
may state the following conspicuous facts : 

1. That Lafitte supplied the raw levies which had been 
sent to this city to defend it from the British, with the 
flints which they used so efi"ectively. 

2. That he furnished from his association the most com- 
petent cannoniers, who managed the only battery of large 
guns that aided in rei)elling the British advance, and in 
destroying their batteries. 

3. That it was through the information furnished by 
Lafitte, that the United States learned first of the British 
designs against this city, and through his art and Jinense 
that those designs were foiled. 

And these are not mere ti'aditions ; least of all do they 
rest upon the imaginings of sensational raconteurs and fic- 
tion mongers. The proofs thereof are of record in the 
United States District Court of this city, where the whole 
subject was thoroughly investigated and ventilated. 

EDWARD LIVINGSTON AND JOHN R. GRTMES. 

They rest also upon the testimony of Edward Livingston 
and John R. Grymes, the two ablest lawyers who ever or- 
namented our bar, and as ardent and true patriots as ever 
upheld the fiag and honor of the Republic. These gentlemen 
never failed to declare that Lafitte and his associates, so 
far from being pirates, were in truth gentlemen, men of 
honor, of most liberal ideas, genial tastes, and only slightly 
demoralized by an incurable antipathy, which their learned 
defenders shared, to revenue laws, restrictive tarifi's, and 
other impediments to free trade. 

On the pai't of Col. Grymes this testimony to the estima- 
ble qualities of Lafitte was given with peculiar zest and 
unction, inasmuch as he had had personal experience 
thereof, in a visit to the Barratarian establishment, to col- 
lect a fee which he had earned by a successful defense of 
Lafitte on an indictment against him in the United States 
Court. The eloquent and graphic attorney who, by the 
way, resigned the ofiice of United States District Attorney 
in order to defend Lafitte against the indictment of the 



grand jury, preferring a fee of $5,000 in doubloons to the 
$600 salary of that Federal ofiBce, as well as the cause of a 
persecuted gentleman against a prosecution instigated, as 
he avowed, by the avarice of merchants who were hostile 
to the Democratic principle of free trade, gladly accepted 
the invitation to accompany his client to his Barratarian 
home, there to receive his fee, in solid Spanish doubloons, 
and partake of " piratical pot luck." 

And a jolly time the jovial counsellor had with Lafitte 
at Barrataria. The visit was so delightful a one, the com- 
pany so congenial, the wines so rich and rare, and the 
viands prepared with such taste and sumptuousness, that 
Col. Grymes extended his visit for several days longer than 
he had originally designed, thereby rendering his friends 
in the city quite anxious about him and especially brother 
Edward Livingstone, who was to share the fee which 
Lafitte was to pay. 

Finally, however, after a delightful week's sojourn at 
this so-called " Pirate's Lair," Colonel Grymes returned 
with the doubloons to the city, and even afterward when 
interrogated as to Lafitte and his confederates, always de- 
clared they were the most perfect gentlemen he had ever 
meet outside of old Virginia. And from this authority we 
derived the assurance that Jean Lafitte and his brothers 
were never pirates not ever seafaring m*en, but merely 
shrewd speculators and operators in free trade and priva- 
teering ; wherein, however, they had no further agency 
than to receive and dispose of the goods captured under 
letters of mark by vessels chartered by them, pursuits far 
less criminal or immoral than such as are now-a-days re- 
warded with office and Radical honors and prestige. 

So far from obtaining these or any other recognition of 
even the meritorious and invaluable services rendered by 
Lafitte and his followers in the defense of this city, they 
met the common fate of such benefactors, of being pro- 
scribed and despoiled by certain avaricious officials, who 
broke up their establishment, seized and appropriated 
their vessels and property, and utterly empoverished these 
once rich and prosperous free-traders. They were scat- 
tered in every direction. Some of them fled the country, 
and may have fallen into loose ways and sought to trade 
upon the name of Lafitte, thereby giving cii'culation to the 
fictitious stories and multiplying the name and form of the 
hypothetical pirate. Others remained in the city and took 
to honest and regular pursuits, and several prospered and 
loecame rich and important personages. Two of them, 
who were famous fighting men. You and Bluche, managed 
to secure the admiration and respect of General Jackson 
to such a degree that he gave the latter, Bluche, a high 
certificate and recommendation, which procured him an 
appointment to the command of the fleet of one of the 
South American republics, and the other old Dominique 
was the first person the General inquired for on his last 
visit to the city. He lived to an advanced age, in great, 
poverty, but with undiminished pride in his achievements 
as a warrior, and at his death was buried in the St. Louis 
Cemetery, where a pompous tomb was erected over him, 
and a quotation from Voltaire's Henriade testifies to his 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



303 



greatness as a hero and warrior, " The victor in a hundred 
fights on sea and land." 

Such is plainly and briefly the real history of the 
Lafittes and the Barratarians which, however, has been 
rejected by the multitude, and the far more exciting and 
attractive version of the Ledger novelist school preferred 
thereto. 

Among the most signal and remarkable victims of this 
delusive version was 

THE PRINTER LEGATEE TO THE LAFITTE TREASURE. 

About two years ago, a middle aged printer of this city 
named A. J. Newell, who had saved from his winter's 
wages enough to buy and equip a small smack, started on 
a sailing excursion to Lake Borgne. He was all alone. It 
was well known what was the object of his expedition-. It 
was the repetition of many others he had been in the habit 
of risking every summer. Though of a silent, unsocial 
and morose character, he could not conceal from his brother 
printers the mysterious secret which he had long borne in 
his breast, and around which all his thoughts, aspirations 
and hopes clustered. Many years before, in consideration 
of some kindness rendered by his father, who lived on the 
sea-coast, to an aged and battered sailor, the grateful tar 
had made a formal legacy to him of his interest in a vast 
treasure which had been buried on an island in the gulf 
by Lafitte's men. 

This treasure consisted of countless doubloons which had 
been captured from a Spanish galleon. Accompanying 
the legacy was a chart indicating the spot where the 
treasure was buried. The old sailor after confiding this 
valuable secret to Newell's father died. The father trans- 
ferred the legacy and secret to his son, and the latter ac- 
cepted it with unbounded confidence in its reality, and as 
soon as he could obtain the means, started with a vessel 
in pursuit of the buried wealth. Weeks were expended 
in the search. The topographical similarity of the islands 
in the gulf, the constant changes in their form and sur- 
face by the winds and shifting sands, rendered these per- 
quisitions very laborious, difficult and unproductive. But 
Newell's confidence was never shaken. He only suspended 
his search because of the exhaustion of his means. Re- 
turning to his trade as printer, he set industriously to 
work, carefully laying by his savings, and wrapt entirely 
in his own thoughts, holding little intercourse with his 
brother printers. 

His secret leaked out, and many hints and jokes were 
indulged in by his companions in regard to his expected 
wealth. He was not disposed to discredit these stories, 
but, in fact, seriously intimated that he would, before long, 
become the possessor of enough money to give them all 
homes. As soon as he had laid by enough money, he 
would abandon his case, and steal down to the lakes, and 
getting aboad would sail away, generally at night, to- 
wards the islands outside of the Rigolets. Studying his 
chart, and carefully selecting the locality, which appeared 
to be indicated by the charter and descriptive notes, he 
would land and set to work with spade and shovel to dig 
the hard sand, persevering therein, until he had pene- 
trated the whole area for several feet deep. 



In some of these explorations Newell had the aid and 
companionship of a friend and partner, but growing sus- 
picious as he became more eager and intent, he finally dis- 
solved his partnership, and in his latter explorations was 
all alone. 

Hia last adventure was in the summer of 1871. His 
boat was observed under sail passing through the Rigolets. 
She was recognized by persons at Fort Pike and Pearl 
River landing There was but one person on board. Short- 
ly after the little vessel had passed into Lake Borgne, there 
came up a heavy blow, and people wondered at the rash- 
ness which would ventui'e out in the face of such indica- 
tions of foul waather. The blow swelled into a storm, that 
swept the lake of all small craft, driving them into harbors 
and inlets, and lashed into white foam the great waves, 
which convulsed and furrowed its usually placid surface ; 
and so it continued to blow until morning. 

A bright, clear, calm day succeeded. It revealed the 
efi'ects of a severe hurricane in several wrecks, and in 
much damage along shore. Inquiries were naturally 
made, and much anxiety expressed in regard to the little 
smack which had ventured so rashly out in the face of the 
gathering storm. It was not long before this anxiety was 
heightened by the arrival at the Pearl River Station of a 
lumber vessel, towing a small smack, which had been 
picked up floating in the lake, with no person on board. 
She was identified as Newell's vessel. There were sus- 
picions of robbery and murder, but these were soon dis. 
palled by the recovery of a body which was recognized as 
that of Newell. There were no indications of violence, 
and the conclusion of those who examined the vessel and 
the body was that he had been washed off his vessel by 
the high waves and drowned. The body was brought to 
this city and buried with the usual respect always accorded 
by the craft to their deceased members. 

Thus perished a victim for twenty years of a singular 
delusion, which might have been dispelled by a little sober 
reflection and examination of well attested facts. It 
could have been easily ascertained by very simple and 
easy inquiries that none of the survivors of Lafitte's band 
had any knowledge of this buried treasure ; that, in fact, 
they were all poor, their accumulations having been swept 
away by the seizures and confiscations of the United 
States authorities, and that it could hardly be conceived 
that this valuable secret would have been kept from all 
the confederates, or that knowing it, they would not have 
entered upon the exploration and search in which poor 
Newell lost his life. 

It is an interesting coincidence that Jean Lafitte, the 
hero of all this mass of delusions and fictions, perished in 
the same manner as Newell. It was, we believe, in 1S17 
that, having gathered the remnants of his once large 
possessions, he chartered a small vessel, to proceed on a 
trading voyage to St. Thomas. He was never again seen 
or heard of. There were severe storms in the Gulf about 
that time, and the vessel was doubtless wrecked in one of 
them. Not a remnant of her was ever found. 

Thns perished Jean Lafitte, the Blacksmith of Bourbon 
street, who has been so falsely maligned as a desperate 
and bloody pirate by audacious fiction mongers, intent on 
making a few dollars, by ignobly pandering to a morbid 
taste for ruffianly deeds, scenes and characters — that singu- 
lar preference which our imaginative and excitable people 
have for sensational and sanguinary fiction over the sober 
ti'uths and realities of honest and faithful history. 



304 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



GEORGE A. BRAUGHN. 



One of the most successful and promising young lawyers 
at the bar of this city, is G. H. Braughn, Esq. Thrown 
much upon his own resources at an early age of life, and 
deprived of the advantages of a scholastic education, he 
was forced to rely entirely upon his own exertions for any 
success in life he might achieve. His present position is 
ample evidence of how satisfactory his labors have been. 

Mr. Braughn was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on the 11th 
of October, 1837. His father was of Scotch and his mother 
of German extraction. In 1849 the former died of cholera, 
and the latter some time after moved to Kentucky, and 
there married, again. Then it was the ambitious and 
resolute youth determined to push out for himself, and at 
the age of fourteen, came to New Orleans, penniless and 
without friends. He soon found sufficient employment in 
selling newspapers, setting up ten pins, and serving as a 
roller boy in the Crescent Jeb Office, to support himself. 
Finally he succeeded, in 1856, in obtaining a clerkship in 
the trunk store of F. Bauer, and after remaining there two 
years, accepted an offer from H. W. Reynolds & Co., en- 
gaged in the trunk business, to become their managing 
clerk, at a very liberal salary. 

In 1860, during the Presidential campaign, young 
Braughn took an active par\ in the politics of the day. 
He was elected Vice-President of the Young Men's 
Breckenridge Club, and in 1861 was nominated for the 
Legislature from the the First Ward, but was defeated by 
B. S. Tappan, Esq. 

In the meantime, however, and during his commercial 
life, Mr. Braughn was unremitting in his studies, read- 
ing law under the guidance of the Hon. M. M. Reynolds. 
But prior to his admission to the bar, the war came on, 
and the young student joined the Crescent Regiment, and 
was elected First Lieutenant of Company G. He was en- 
gaged in the battles of Mississippi and Tennessee, and 
afterwards with his reg^ent was ordered to the Trans- 
Mississippi Department, where he likewise participated in 
several engagements, and was promoted to a Captaincy. 

At the close of the war, the subject of this sketch re- 
sumed his studies, and soon obtained the degree of LL. B. 
from the Law University of Louisiana. He then com- 
menced the practice of his profession, and soon gave evi- 
dence of ability, judgment and tact. Soon after, he was 
called to preside as Justice of one of the City Courts, and 
on his retiring from that post, was elected by the Demo- 
cratic party State Senator from the First District, in 1868. 
Although in active political life, Mr. Braughn never neg- 
lected his law business, and steadily advanced his fame as 
a lawyer. Finding his business so rapidly increasing, he 
associated with him Mr. Chas. F. Buck, a talented young 
gentleman, and together these young lawyers eiyoy a 
practice, in point of profit and importance, second to no 
other firm in the city. In May, 1872, Gov. Warmoth 
appointed Braughn to act as Assistant Attorney General, 
and in this position he was retained by Gov. Kellogg. 

The popular Shakspeare Club owes its existence to Mr. 
Braughn, who was its founder, and for six years its 
efficient president. He was also Vice-President of the 



Firemen's Charitable Association for seven terms ; Vice- 
President T. M. Benevolent Association ; Master of Dudley 
Lodge, F. A. M. ; Grand Representative of the Grand 
Lodges, " Royal York of Friendship," Berlin ; " Eclectic 
Union," of Frankfort on the Main; "Grand Lodge of 
Saxony," at Dresden. He is also a Director in the Ger- 
mania Insurance Company, in the Metropolitan Loan and 
Savings Bank, and is the Attorney of the last as well as of 
the People's Bank, and the People's Insurance Company. 

Working during the day and attending night schools, 
constitute his early history. With an eager fondness for 
the stage Mr. Braughn is far above the general run of pro- 
fessionals as . an amateur actor. His study of elocution 
and declamation in this connection is of eminent service to 
him in his profession, making him a graceful, finished and 
accomplished speaker ; and with his natural ability, close 
application and personal popularity, future eminence and 
continued success are easily predicted. 




A. SAMBOLA, Esq. 



Is a native of the city of New Oi-leans, in which he has 
always felt a just pride, and which our citizens fully re- 
ciprocate. He was born February 29th, 1836. He received 
his early education at Spring Hill College, Mobile, Ala, a d 
entered Centenary College at Jackson, La., in 1854, and 
graduated with credit and honors in 1857. His alma mater 
subsequently, 1868, conferred on him the degree of A. M. 
After his graduation he entered the office of that veteran 
lawyer, Hon. Christian Roselius, attended two courses of 
lectures at the University of Louisiana, received the de- 
gree of LL. B., and soon became one of the most active 
young lawyers in New Orleans. 

During this time, and after he returned from college, 
Mr. Sambola devoted his leisure moments to usefulness in 
some of the benevolent^nstitutions of the city, particularly 
the new Lusitanos Benevolent Association, and the Order 
of S. W. M. Systematic and thorough in the dispatch of 
business, and conversant with the mother tongues spoken 
by so many of the people of New Orleans, speaking French 
and Spanish as well as English, he soon became prominent 
in these associations. 

The war which ensued, drew away Mr. Sambola, like so 
many thousands of the young men of the country North 
and South, and he served a member of the Washington 
Artillery, in the Confederate army, from the early part of 
1862, until the close of the war. During this time he par- 
ticipated in many of the engagements that took place in 
Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Georgia. 



- ^ ■^■L.-J.^AJtt^ia 1^ 



JEWELL^ S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



3o7 



Returning to New Orleans, he soon became engaged, aa 
lie is now, in a lai-ge and lucrative law practice. His fellow- 
citizens elected him to the House of Representatives, in 
1865, and served in the Legislatures of 1866 and 1867. He 
was elected to the State Senate in 1867, butfailed to obtain 
his seat. 

Mr. Sambola, in 1865, resumed his interest in the Order 
of S. W. M., was soon elected Grand Archon of Louisiana, 
and afterwards Supreme Archon of the United States, to 
which office he was recently re-elected at the meeting of 
the Supreme Conclave in Philadelphia. He is certainly 
the most efficient and devoted officer that the Order has 
ever had. While we have spoken of his military and 
political career as a necessary part of his biography, we 
will say that he is held in equal and high esteem by the 
members of the Order in the North, for he knows neither 
party nor section, in his connection with it, which he 
evidently regards as a fraternity, or brotherhood, too 
sacred and intimate for any such considerations. 

Mr. Sambola was elected a presidential elector of the 
State, in 1868, and took an active part in the campaign, 
and has also, for four years past, been a prominent and 
very attentive director of our public schools. 

He is connected with nearly every benevolent society in 
the city, and is also a Mason, (30th Degree,) an Odd Fel- 
low, and was Grand Chancellor of the Knights of Pythias. 
He is also an exempt member of the Fire Department, and 
a delegate to the Fireman's Charitable Association. 

The characteristics of Mr. Sambola are promptness, 
punctuality and affability, supported by an ever ready 
good judgment. He is a graceful public speaker, and not 
a few of our people look with confidence to his future rise 
and advancement. All heartily regard him as a good citi- 
zen, already deserving of public regard for the qualities he 
has developed in his busy and useful career. 

COL. JAMES F. CASEY. 

The Collector of the Port of New Orleans, Col. Casey, 
was born in Union County, Kentucky, in 1830. He was 
educated at Franklin College, near Nashville, Tennessee. 
He first engaged in business in St. Louis as a commission 
merchant, and resided there until the commencement of 
the war. At its close he invested in a cotton plantation at 
Friar's Point, Mississippi, and there remained until 1867 
when he came to New Orleans to reside. In connection 
with his present efficient deputy, P. F. Herwig, Esq., Col. 
Casey embarked in the business of cotton weighing. Upon 
the election of President Grant, Col. Casey, his brother- 
in-law, was appointed collector of the Port and re-appoint- 
ed in 1873. Dmiug his administration the business of the 
Custom House has been conducted in a manner to merit 
the approbation of the mercantile community. Although 
politically opposed to a large majority of those with whom 
he is brought in contact, yet he is highly esteemed and 
respected. Correct, faithful and honest in the discharge 
of his official duties, he has earned for himself the name of 
an efficient and popular Collector. 

In his personal relations Col. Casey is very amiable, 
kind-hearted and generous ; ever ready to assist a friend, 
and with no bitterness or vindictiveness for political op- 
ponents. In 1861 Col. Casey married Miss Emma Dent, 
of St. Louis, and sister of Mrs. Grant. He la now the 
father of three boys. 




JOHN E. LEET, 

Was born at Steelville, Crawford County, Missouri, Jan- 
uary 4th, 18-17. His father was for many years a Circuit 
Judge, and prominent politician in Missouri, and his grand- 
father participated in the Whiskey Insurrection and in the 
Revolution. A more remote ancestor was the famous 
Puritan Governor of Connecticut, who befriended the 
English regicides. 

At the beginning of the war, Mr. Leet left his school 
books and enlisted in the Union Army, first as a drummer, 
then as a private. Serving in the campaign of Arkansas, 
he was finally captured at Mark's Mill on the 25th of 
April, 1864, and sent through Shreveport to Tyler. Texas, 
and afterwards to Camp Gross, at Hempstead. After five 
months' imprisonment he was peroled, sent to New Orleans, 
and thence home. His death having been announced, and 
an obituary notice published, the appearance of young 
Leet produced quite a commotion at home ; but his arrival 
came too late to secure for him the possession of a youno- 
lady's heart and hand, to whom he had been engaged. She 
thought her affianced dead, and consoled herself by marry- 
ing a young and gay Confederate sympathizer. 

Somewhat broken in health by his arduous campaigns 
Mr. Leet, as soon as he had recuperated, entered the Mis- 
soui'i University, at Columbia, and remained there a year. 
Afterwards he completed his studies in 1870, at the Ken- 
tucky Institute, at Lexington, and received his diploma. 

Liking New Orleans he determined to make it his future 
home. But not finding employment immediately, he 
moved to the parish of Vermillion, where he commenced 
teaching, and organized the public schools there. Soon 
after, he leased the newspa])er called the Mtrklional. and 
subsequently purchased it. In May, 1871, he discontinued 
its publication, and established the Abbeville Flag, as a 
Republi(!an organ. He was a delegate to the Press Conven- 
tion, and there cari-ied a resolution, pledging in ad^•ance 
all the Republican papers in the State to the re-election of 
President Grant. In October of the same year, the 
Statesman was established at New Iberia by Mr. Leet, but 
he soon gave it up for a position on the New Orleans 
National Rfpuhlican, the organ of Gov. Kellogg and his 
party. After Gov. Kellogg's inaugui-ation, he appointed j 
Mr. Leet Harbor-master, which position he now holds. 

Active, industrious, persevering and intelligent, our 
young subject has a fair opportunity to make for himself 
a name and a reputation that will afford the future bio- 
grapher a wider scope than can possibly be given by one 
,80 young as Mr. Leet. 



808 



JEWELL'S CHESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



W. H. BELL, Escj. 



The present City Surveyor, Mr. "W. H. Bell, is a native 
of New Orleans and is now but 38 years of age. Educated 
as a Civil Engineer and with a thorough knowledge of the 
topography of the city his appointment to his present 
oiBce was an eminently proper one. During the years of 
18.59 and 1800 he served as assistant City Surveyor and 
subsequently filled the office of Street Commissioner for 
two years. After 1SC7 he was elected by the Council City 
Surveyor and with all the various political changes that 
have occurred since that time he has been retained in his 
position. This is of itself a testimonial of the highest ap- 
preciation of his valuable services and a recognition of his 

fitness for the position. 

Duiing Mr. Bell's tenn of office he has designed and 
practicaUy inaugurated a system of dt-ainage for the City 
of New Orlean.s, which, when completed, will reclaim a 
large section of territory and make valuable a number of 
acres of land that are now only swamps and bayous. The 
Lake protection levee is a work of his conception and re- 
flects the highest credit upon Mr. Bell a.s an Engineer. 

In all matters relating to the material develojiment of 
the city he is an ardent advocate and is always foremost 
in every work that may tend to advance the interests of 
his native city. 

Mr. Bell is modest and retiring in his manners, but firm 
in the discharge of his duties, and through his long term 
of official life the tongue of slander has never breahted 
aught against his reputation. He has before him a bright 
and promising future and there are hosts of friends who 
will rejoice to see success crown the eiforts of Mr. Bell. 



RICHARD M. MONTGOMERY, Esq. 



There are but few, if any, of the old residents of New 
Orleans, who do not know the subject of this sketch. 
More than a quarter of a century ago he came to this city 
and since that time has been actively engaged in business 
and has shared the good and bad fortunes that have at- 
tended the city in its past history. 

Mr. Montgomery was bom in Lexington, Ky., on the 
10th of December 18i!3, and at an early age came to New 
Orleans where he engaged in the Furniture business in a 
subordinate capacity. It was not long, however, by in- 
dustry, economy and business tact, before this young and 
thriving gentleman was enabled to embark in business on 
his own account. We find him, then, very soon after at 
the head of a large and prosperous firm of auctioneers, — 
which at this date ranks among the first in the city. As- 
sociated with his brother B. J. Montgomery, a most estima- 
ble gentleman, and occupying the Armory Hall, of his- 
toric fame, there is no business firm in the city that en- 
joys more freely the confidence of the community or is 
more highly esteemed by the public at large. 

Although avoiding participation in all political or public 
affairs Mr. Montgomery is ever prompt and liberal in con- 
tril)uting to whatever measures that may be inaugurated 
for the welfare or improvement of the city. He was one 
of the first patrons of the Canal and Claiborne Streets Rail- 
Road, and is now one of its most active and energetic 



directors. Other public institutions receive his support 
and attention and find in him an efficient and valuable 
fi-iend. 

Socially Mr. Montgomery is free, liberal and warm- 
hearted, and whilst the number of his friends is legion 
there is none who can speak of hiBa otherwise than as an 
honored merchant, an exemplary citizen and a most estima^ 
ble gentleman. 



COLLECTORS OF THE PORT. 



Subjoined we give a list of the names of all the collectors 
of the port of New Orleans, since 1803. Among the 
names will be found many that will revive old and pleasant 
recollections, and some that are indisolubly connected with 
the past glory of oiu- city : 

Hore Brouse Trist, from December 20, 1803, to Sept. 
1. 1804. 

Wm. Brown, Deputy, Acting, from September 1, 1804, 
to January 15, 180-5. 

Wm. Brown, from January 15, 1805, to November 15, 
1809. 

Robert Porter, Deputy, Acting, from November 16, 
1809, to January 8, 1810.' 

Thos. H. Williams, from January 8, 1810, to February 
1, 1815. 

Peter L. B. Duplessis from February 1, 1815, to 
December 31, 1816. 

Beverly Chew, from January 1, 1817 to May 31, 1829. 

Martin Gordon, from June 1, 1829, to June 30, 1834. 

Jas. W. Breedlove, from Julv 1, 1834, to June 30, 1839. 

Denis Prieur, from July 1, 1839 to July 12, 1S41. 

Thos. Gibbs Morgan, from July 13, 1841, to October 17, 
1843. 

Greenberry Dorsey, from October 18, 1843, to April 15, 
1844. 

M. S. Cucullu, fi-om April 16, 1844, to June 13, 1844. 

D. O. Hincks, Deputy, Acting, from July 1, 1844, to July 
24, 1844. 

Thos. BaiTett, from Julv 25, 1844, to October 12, 1845. 

Denis Prieui-, from October 13, 1845, to May 13, 1849. 

Samuel J. Peters, from May 14, 1849, to November 24, 
1850. 

Wm. Freret, from Nov. 25, 1850, to August 31, 1851. 

Geo. C. Lawrason, from Sept. 1. 1851, to May 22, 1853. 

S. W. Downs, from May 23, 1853, to Sept. 14, 1854. 

Thos. C. Porter, from Sept. 15, 1854, to March 13, 1857. 

F. H. Hatch, from April 1, 1857, to January 31, 1861.* 

F. H. Hatch, from Febuary 1, 1861, to Feb. 28, 1861.t 

T. H. Hatch, from March 1, 1861, to the arrival of the 
United States fleet.J 

Geo. S. Denison. Acting Collector from May 10, 1802, 
to Februarv 2.*, 1863. 

Cuthbert' Bullitt, Acting Collector, from March 1, 1S63 
to November 30, 1863. 

Geo. S. Denison, Acting Collector, from December 1, 
1803. to June 25, 1805. 

Wm. P. Kellogg, Collector, from June 20, 1865, to Julv 
16, 1868. 

Acting Collector S. A. Stoekdale, from Julv 17, 1868, to 
September 21, 186;*. 

Perry Fuller, Collector, from September 22, 1868, to 
March 4, 1869. 

Wm. C. Gi-ay, Acting Collector, from March 5, 1869, to 
AprU 11, 1869. 

Jas. F. Casey, from April 12, 1869, to the present time. 



*TJ. S. Collector. tState of Lotiisiana Collector. 
A. Collector. 



:C. S. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 






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WHOLESALE GROCERS, 



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JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



311 



THE NEW OFFICE BUILDING 

OF THE 

N. O. G-AS LIGHT CO 



Exterior. — The new building stands on the West corner 
of Baronne and Common streets, measuring forty-eight feet 
fi'ont on Baronne, and one hundi'ed and eleven feet six inches 
on Common, being advantageously placed for view from 
Canal street. The style can be more nearly assimilated to 
the better class of suburban houses of Paris, with a touch of 
French renaissance. A base of Maine Granite reigns on the 
two street fronts. Above this rises the building, three stories 
and mansard in height, and divided into two pavilions 
connected together on Common street and finished ex- 
teriorly by curtains receded from the face line. The 
principal business entrance to the Gas Office is in the cut- 
off corner of the comer pavilion ; the private entrance 
for the officers and employees is in middle of the long 
curtain on Common street, from the vestibule of which a 
door also leads into the inspector's office for business with 
the gas-fitters, and also leading to the workshops. In 
the outside curtains are the stairs to the offices for rent 
on the second and third floors. Still another entrance is 
obtained from the lot, as yet vacant on Common street, 
for the reception of meters and other stores. 

The walls are faced with Philadelphia pressed bricks, 
and ornamented with artificial black bricks, and trimmings, 
cornices and rustic corner pilasters of gray stone ; the 
corner doorway and columns in the double windows being 
of Alabama limestone and the other parts of artificial 
stone. 

The first story, with its bracketed cornice relieved by 
encaustic tiles, serves, as it were, as basement to the second 
and third which are treated as one, divided by a string 
course. The frieze of the upper cornice is also composed 
of ornamental tiles. 

The whole is crowned by a mansard of different colored 
slates, with ornamental dormer windows and chimneys of 
artificial stone, the hips of the pavilions and ihe mansard 
cornice being formed of French embossed zinc. A rich 
cresting finishes the exterior. 

Interior. — The general business office, as before stated, 
is entered through a vaulted doorway forming a semi-cir- 
cular balcony on the second floor ; a somewhat unique ar- 
rangement, the nearest approach to which may be found 
in a curved balcony in the Pavilion Henri IV. of the 
Louvre.* The general office is a hexagonf, one side con- 

• On each side of the entrance is a bronze statue holding a chister or 
gas lights. 

f Occupying the 1st floor of the comer pavilion. 

taining the entrance, two others containing each two lofty 
double windows on Common and Baronne streets. Facing 
the entrance is the vault, and a door into the collector's 
room, surmounted by a large clock dial ; another side is 
formed by the room of the treasurer and the book-keeper. 
The sixth side contains a roomy dressing-room with wash- 
stand, etc., under the main Baronne street stairs, for the 
clerks. The room is richly frescoed but in subdued tones 
in what may be called modern Pompeian style. The 



wainscoting and trimmings of this as well as the treasurer's 
office are of La. cypress with black-walnut and mahogany 
panels alternated. The frescoing is by Mr. Eug. Philastre, 
assisted by Messrs. David & Rocha. 

The windows, as also all those of the first and second 
floors on the streets, contain three sash in height and 
sliding blinds, thereby affording unusual ventilation and 
facility for keeping off the sun. 

The office railing, made by Messrs. McCracken & Brews- 
ter, is composed of black-walnut with cypress and mahog- 
any ornamented panels; the parts above the desks are 
closed with plate glass, frosted and ornamented by Mr. A. 
J. Burgeon of this city. This railing encloses the public 
portion in the shape of a hexagon of about half the width 
of the whole room and paved with ornamental French 
tiles, in the center of which will stand a drinking fountain 
in summer, and a stove in winter, the flue for which is 
under the pavement, thereby avoiding the unseemly stove- 
pipe. 

Passing through a small waiting-room to the right of 
the pavement, and through a door ari'anged as a counter, 
we enter the Treasurer's room, richly papered by Mr. 
Siebrecht, to which objection may be found that it is too 
rich for an office.* 

* It was originally intended for the Directors' Room. 

Next comes the private entrance hall, opening on Com- 
mon street as above stated, and on the yard. In the rear 
of the vault is the Collector's room, lighted from the yard, 
between which and the Treasurer's room a passage leads 
from the general office, across the private entrance haU 
to the Inspectors' room and workshops. The portion of 
the Inspectors' room nearest the street and opening on 
the private vestibule, is paved and cut off by a railing for 
the gas-fitters. 

The second pavilion on this floor is occupied by the 
meter-setting shop in front, and repairing shop on the 
yard. The floor of these is only twelve inches above the 
sidewalk, allowing the introduction of a half story. From 
the shops two doors open on a shed in the lot already 
mentioned, serving for the unloading of goods, washing 
meters, etc. A goods' elevator and a private staircase 
lead to the mansard, in which are the ware-room and 
keeper's room. 

In the yard, which is twenty feet by twenty-two feet, 
are the W.c's, etc. for the employees. From the Collector's 
room, in an invisible corner fonned by the vault, is a small 
private staircase for the exclusive use of the Company, 
leading first to the stationary depot over the vault which 
is lit through the clear glass dial of the clock, thereby 
affording a supervision over the general office ; these 
stairs next open under the main stairs to the third floor, 
thus being entirely concealed from the uninitiated. They 
were rendered necessary by the determination, when the 
building was well up, of removing the President's and 
Directors' room from the present Treasurer's Room to the 
second floor. 

Crossing the second floor hall we enter the President's 
and Superintendent's office, and the Directors' room, the 
latter occupying the long curtain on Common street, and 



312 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



being sixteen feet wide and thirty-eight feet long. Both 
these rooms are finished in a rather original style. Above 
a whimsically jianeled walnut wainscoting the walls are 
divided by pilasters with mahogany and carved walnut 
panels, into alternately wide and narrow arches, the first 
either occupiedby a corresponding to the openings and 
chimneys; the others, occupying the piers between, are 
shortened by small pedestals. The doors are richly 
carved and the rooms papered in a style to suit the archi- 
tecture, the smaller arches being filled with a dark Pom- 
peian tapestry, and the larger ones, where not open, by 
beautifal subject medallions on a light ground. 

From the President's office a double letter elevator leads 
into the Treasurer's room, and speaking-tubes to the gen- 
eral office, Treasurer's and Inspectoi's' room. Similar 
tubes also lead from the Inspectors' room to the general 
office and mansard. Near the Book-keeper's desk in the 
Treasurer's room a telegraph extends to the gas works of 
the Company on Locust street. 

Offices for rent. 

From each of the short curtains in the extreme ends of 
the street fronts, grand staircases lead to the second and 
third floor halls, along which are ranged some twelve 
offices, of which five are so arranged as to be subdivided 
if desired. A portion of the mansard is allotted as waste 
room for these offices. In the rear of the Common street 
stairs, but not noticeable to a casual passer-by, are the 
W.c's and coal bins, each twelve in number. The elevator, 
which is in the same quarter, gives facility to the intro- 
duction of furniture, safes, coal, etc. 

In the hall of each floor is a marble wash-stand and 
drinking fountain and slop sink. The gas meters for the 
different offices are in two closets in the wall of the second 
floor hall. 

By means of a large iron tank in the mansard, and an- 
other on the yard W.c's, rain water is supplied to the 
different fountains and wash-stands. Mississippi river 
water is also introduced in the yard, work-shop and lot 
for more common uses. 

After having visited the building an ascension to the 
flat iron roof will well rejjay the visitor, from its extensive 
view of the city and its surroundings, up to and beyond 
CarroUton. 

CANAL STREET AND ITS FUTURE. 



mh-ation of the visitors, and the delight and pi-ide of the 
citizens of the Crescent City. We have seen with great 
pleasure the several improvements which have been this 
year attempted, and can but add to the architectural 
beauty and business convenience of this important .street. 
The new savings bank, between Baronue and Carondelet 
streets, now nearly completed, is eminently calculated to 
meet both these ends, and already, by the elegance of its 
proportions, and the taste and finish of its design, is at- 
tracting a general and favorable notice. The cornice 
recently put on the Custom House adds greatly to the 
effect of that immense structure, and is of no little advan- 
tage to the general appearance of the street. 

An artistic analysis of the various elements of attractive- 
ness which render Canal street so pleasing to the eye, will 
show that its two principal chaiTus are breadth combined 
with a spacious sky and river view and the variety of 
architectural style exhibited in its buildings. Its present 
undeniable beauty will be greatly enhanced when all the 
small and inelegant buildings, which mar the general effect 
of their more imposing neighbors, have been replaced by 
others more in keeping with the evident demands of the 
view. 

When the trees which are planted along its various 
lines of street railways are fully grown, they too will im- 
part an additional charm. 

The fact that our system of city railways concentrates 
all the lines on this thoroughfare, of itself, in a great de- 
gree, accounts for its prosperity, and must maintain and 
increase it. 

In the opinion of traveled and competent critics, there 
is no street in any city of the United States which can 
compare in grandeur of view with Canal street, as it is 
even now ; and we look forward to a day, when all its 
possibilities realized, it shall have no superior anywhere. 



Of all our city thoroughfares, the best known abroad 
is Canal street ; and there is no question that it is first 
in the estimation of the resident population. It has not 
been many years, however, since it began to enjoy its 
present repute. It was in the year 1856, that the famous 
Touro buildings were erected, and in the same year the 
corner-stone of the Clay Statue was laid. The city, at 
that time, had just fully recovered from the depression i 
consequent upon the great epidemic of 1 853, and the ' 
swelling current of renewed prosperity somehow found its ! 
way into that channel. The impetus then imparted no 
subse(xuent disaster has been able to neutralize. One by 
one those stately palaces of trade have been reared which 
now render the beautiful boulevard the wonder and ad- 



NEW ORLEANS IN SUMMER. 
With no reference to its society or civilization, but to 
the genial zone in which it is situated and the delights of 
its climatic properties. New Orleans is unrivaled as a city 
home in summer. There are no such mornings outside of 
tropic influences, no such evenings amid toriid heats not 
aireii by tropic breezes. Our sister cities of the North 
burn to cinders in the dog days 

" From morn till dewy eve," 

while night brings no cooling balm, no fragrant scent of 
orange or magnolia, nothing to cheer, enliven or refresh 
the spirit weary with its load of summer. Especially, no 
south wind comes with its cooling kisses of delight, follow- 
ing the red rays of the glaring sun and gladdening the 
spaces through which they have glinted for long hours 
with breezy surprise. 

Numberless mistaken people wander abroad in search 
of an indefinable happiness, or a vague something which 
is never found. They populate hotels and sea-side resorts 
for weeks and, months, and never overtake an hour of 
comfort, ind hence, are never satisfied with their con- 
quests of many .so-called pleasures, which are put down 
in diaries as triumphs of travel. But when they get back, 
in the ripe autumn, to the beautiful city, they find their 
first sensation of real delight, of unalloyed satisfaction, of 
unspoken and unspeakable gratitude ; and as they walk the 
old f;imiliar streets, glowing with the sense of home and 
happiness, they feel their real and only employment — the 
single compensation for the loss of New Orleans in summer 
to be that one unalloyed recompense — getting back. 

Let New Orleans people consider and observe more 
than they do ; imagine and desire less of fashion's glinting 
nothings, save their money and keep their persons safe, 
by a rational understanding of this delightful subject — 
New Orleans in summer. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTEATED. 



New Orleans Savings Institution, 



lN"CORPORA.'rKX) IN 1855. 



This Institution has been removed to the new Banking House, 

No. 156 CANAL STREET. 

IITTEEEST PAID O TsT DEPOSITS. 



SAM JONES, Jr., Treasurer. 




L. F. GENE RES, President. 



DIRECTORS. 



DR. yv. NEWTON MERCER. 
DAVID UR(iUHART, 
J. G. GAINES, 
CARL KOHN. 
CARISTIAN SCHNEIDER, 
SAML, JAMISON. 



L. F. GENERES. 

GEORGE .JONAS, 

T. A. ADAMS, 

THOMAS ALLEN CLARKE, 

CHAS. .1. LEEDS. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



315 



E. NORTH CULLOM. 



There are some men who, placed m any circumstances, 
either prosperous or adverse, liave within them a spirit 
that will prompt them to raise themselves above the com- 
mon herd — to make for themselves names that will shine 
out in the brightest pages of our country's history. The 
lives and actions of these men are as bright and shining ex- 
amples to the youth of the Republic ; and to commemorate 
them, to hand them down to generations yet to come, is a 
noble and laudable task. 

E. North Cullom was born in Opelousas, parish of St. 
Landry, Loiiisiana, on the 14th of September, 1825, and is 
consequently now in his forty-eighth year. His father 
Francis Cullom, an estimable citizen of Wayne county, 
Kentucky, was originally a cabinet-maker by trade, but, 
in the fall of 1845, formed the design uf following the legal 
profession, and accordingly after due j)reparation, was ad- 
mitted to practice. In 1832 he removed from Opelousas 
into the parish of Avoyelles, where he cleared a farm, and 
settled down to the monotony of rural life, about two miles 
east of the present town of Holmesville. Meanwhile, Mr. 
Cullom had been deprived of the tender care of a fond 
mother, who died, leaving three children, the subject of 
the present memoir being the eldest, Leonard Davis Cul- 
lom, and a daughter, who in a few days followed her to the 
tomb. 

At that time the neighborhood of their farm was a wil- 
derness, the country was as yet thinly settled, and the 
schoolmaster, that pioneer of civilization, had not as yet 
blessed it with his presence. Consequently, the young 
Cullom was for a long time deprived of the advantages 
and benefits of education. He was employed, however, 
in the duties of the farm, doing what one of his tender age 
was capable of performing. He here learned those habits 
of industry and perseverance for which in after years he 
has become so remarkable. 

When about eleven years old, a schoolmaster established 
a rural school in the neighborhood, and to hun the young 
Cullom eagerly hastened, to drink at the font of learning, 
however meagre the stream or unworthy its dispenser. 
But he was not long allowed to remain. His services be- 
ing required on the plantation, he was obliged unwillingly 
to return, after having been under the tuition of the rural 
pedagogue but nine short months. To him it was a bitter 
disappointment. Naturally a boy of quick parts, and 
eager in the pursuit of knowledge, it was with a heavy 
heart that he resumed his duties on his father's farm. 

But the thirst for education within him could not be 
controlled, and with a joyful heart he again returned to 
his desk, when about twelve years of age. The school 
was conducted on the French plan, and while there, the 
subject of our sketch resided with a French family, and 
consequently peculiar facilities were presented to him for 
acquiring a tolerable knowledge of that beautiful language. 
A youth of Mr. Cullom's quickness and industry could not 
fail to improve such a-l vantages, and, therefore, he became 
a tolerable master of the language. He remaineii there 



about one year, when he again resumed his labors on the 
plantation. 

His persevering pursuit of education is one of the most 
remarkable traits in Mr. Cullom's youthful career. In 
1841 he was again rejoiced by being placed under the care 
of a private tutor at his father's residence, under whose 
auspices he remained for the space of eighteen months. 
His progiess was unusually rapid in all the branches of a 
preparatory education, and he evinced a particular apt- 
ness for the study of geography, grammar and arithmetic, 
in which branches he excelled. 

In 1843 his father removed with his family to a summer 
residence in the parish of his nativity — St. Landi-y — about 
twenty-two miles distant, leaving Mr. Cullom alone on the 
plantation, to perform the arduous and laborious duties of 
overseer. It is unnecessary to remark, that he fulfilled 
them carefully and industriously, ever watchful for the in- 
terests of his father, and sparing neither his own time nor 
labor. 

In 1844 he joined his father, and occupied himself in ac- 
quiring a thorough knowledge of historical literature, 
taking for his text-books Plutarch's Lives, Gibbon's Rome, 
Rollin's Ancient History, Bottas' History of the American 
War, and similar works of standard and acknowledged ex- 
cellence. Being passionatel}' fond of literature, he soon 
made himself a thorough historical scholar. 

In the latter part of the summer and fall, he availed j 
himself of the skillful tuition of Charles Singleton, Esq., i 
an eminent practicing lawyer in New Orleans, and from ' 
him, ever untiring in his pursuit of knowledge, he acquired 
a superficial knowledge of Latin, algebra and geometry. 

In the spring of 1845 Mr. Cullom entered Franklin Col- 
lege, in his native town, then under the direction of the 
Rev. .Tohn Burke, a ripe and talented classical scholar, and 
withal a gentleman of kindly disposition and thorough 
erudition. While here, he bore the highest reputation, 
both in his association with his fellow students and his 
strict attention to his scholastic duties. He left it with 
regret, upon the conclusion of the collegiate session in 
September, and recommenced his literary reading. He 
read much and thoroughly; not suijerficially skimming 
over the pages of a work, but making himself thoroiighly 
master of its contents, thus laying up a store of useful in- 
foi-mation which was afterwards of immense benefit to 
him. 

We next find him in the preparatory department of 
Centre College, at Danville, Kentucky, in March, 1840, 
where he continued his classical course. He did not pur- 
sue the usual collegiate course, but confined himself to 
Latin, mathematics, moral, political and natural philosophy, 
logic, chemistry, international law. and other branches 
which he judged would best fit him for the profession to 
which lie intended to devote hi.s energies, and in the pur- 
suit of which he has since obtained eminence. 

Owing to pecuniary difficulty, he was compelled to dis- 
continue his collegiate studies, and entered the law office 
of Jeremiah T. Boyle, Esq., of Danville, for the purpose of 
fitting himself for the legal profession. He continued the 



316 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



study of the common law, under the able instruction and 
guidance of Mr. Boyle, until February, 1848, when he es- 
poused Miss Mary J. Gilmore, of that place. He then es- 
tablished himself as teacher, not neglecting, however, the 
prosecution of his favorite study of the law. 

Aware of the importance of public speaking, he applied 
himself with energy to the cultivation of oratory. En- 
dowed by nature with very fair oratorical powers, he never 
failed to exercise them when an opportunity presented 
itself, and though still young, M. Cullom, in his seat in the 
Legislature, has attracted attention by his eloquent action 
and readiness as a debater. 

He continued his laboi's as a teacher until the fall of 
1849, and in March of the same year, deeming himself fully 
qualified, from his thorough course of reading, applied for 
admission to the bar, and was licensed as a practicing 
lawyer by Judges John L. Bridges and Samuel Lusk, of 
Kentucky. He returned to Louisiana in November of the 
same year, and again applied himself to his studies, under 
his father, until the 7th of September, ISfjO, when he was 
admitted to the bar in the town of Opelousas, by the 
Supreme Court of Louisiana, Judges P. A. Rost, Thomas 
Slidell and Isaac T. Preston jaresiding. On the 1st of 
March, 1851, he established himself in Opelousas, entering 
into co-partnership with his father. 

And now Mr. Cullom reaped the fi'uit of his lengthy and 
laborious course of study. His legal career, since he first 
opened his office, has been eminently successful. His 
thorough acquaintance with all the standard works of law 
has given him a correctness of judgment which seldom 
errs. Endowed with solid rather than brilliant qualities, 
he convinces more by the power of logic than the fictitious 
aids of rhetoric. 

Mr. Cullom was very active in benefiting the town of 
Opelousas, in which he resided. He was one of the first 
originators of the " New Orleans, Opelousas and Great 
Western Railroad." He canvassed St. Landry and the 
neighboring parish with indefatigable energy to further 
the interests of this road, and made extensive use of the 
public press to efi"ect the same object. 

In February, 1853, we find him entering the lists as a 
lUerateur, as editor of the St. Landry Whig, which, as its 
name signifies, was devoted to the dissemination of the 
principles of the Whig party. Not meeting, however, 
with that success which he had anticipated, he discontinued 
it in the following November. 

Mr. Cullom was now rapidly becoming a marked man in 
his parish. On the 13tli of Octobei", 1853, the Whig con- 
vention showed its appreciation of his devotion to Whig 
principles by nominating him to represent the parish of 
St. Landry in the State Legislature, and Mr. Cullom ac- 
cepting, as the parish was strongly Whig, he was elected 
without opposition. He accordingly took his seat in the 
House of Representatives on the 17th of January, 1854. 

In 18.')S, Mr. Cullom became an independent candidate 
for the Judgeship of the 13th District, and was elected by 
a handsome majoiity, both Democrats and Whigs voting 
for him. In 1860, the Judicial District having been 
changed, Judge Cullom again became a candidate and was 



re-elected by a large vote. During the war the judge re- 
mained on the bench until the end of his term in 1865. 
He then ran again for the office, and was elected withotit 
oj^position, and served until displaced by a Gubernatorial 
ajjpoiutment, in the progress of reconstructing the State. 

After the war. Judge Cullom immediately renewed his 
allegiance to the United States Government, and resumed 
the practice of law in Avoyelles, whei-e he remained until 
February, 1869, when he came to New Orleans and opened 
an office here. Very soon after, the Judge was brought 
very prominently before the political world by a series of 
well-written letters, published in the New Orleans Ilejnih- 
lican, in which he deprecated the persistent efforts of the 
white population of the State to keep up the Democratic 
party, and declared himself a Libei'al Republican. In 
1872, Judge Cullom labored with zeal to establish a Liberal 
party in Louisiana, based on a bona fide recognition of all 
the rights of the colored race, and as an acknowledgment 
of his merits and claims, the convention of the Fusion 
party in August nominated him as their candidate for 
Judge of the 5th Distiict Court of the City, and he was 
elected by a very large majority. This position he now 
fills with all of that ability and satisfaction that have ever 
characterized his official career. Honest and upright, 
kind and generous, a devoted and affectionate husband 
and father, make up the qualities in an eminent degree of 
the character of Judge E. North Cullom. 



THE COTTON PRESSES OF NEW ORLEANS. 



In order to ascertain the extent and importance of the 
business of recompressing the cotton arriving in New 
Orleans by rail and river, a Times repoiter interviewed 
several leading cotton men, from whom he gleaned the 
following facts : 

THE AMOUNT OF COTTON' RECEIVED 

at this port is annually over 1,400,000 bales, and the num- 
ber of bales compressed in this city exceeds 1,^00,000. 
We give appi'oximate figures only, strict accuracy not be- 
ing necessary for the pui'poses in view. 

About 200,000 bales of the amount shipped to this port 
are compressed at Memphis, Shreveport and Jefferson, 
Texas, before being shipped, but the cotton compressed at 
these places does not give satisfaction, and much of it has 
to be reeompressed after its arrival. This fact has given 
lise to some dissatisfaction between shippers and brokers. 

THE NUMBER OF TRESSES ARE TWENTY SIX. 

The Alabama Press is situated on Tchoupitoulas, be- 
tween Terpsichore and Robin streets. S. Howard is pro- 
prietor. 

The Atlantic, M. J. Zunts, proprietor, on Peters street, 
between Clouet and Montegut, receives about 45,000 bales 
for compressing. 

The Southern Press, on Clara street, between Poydras 
and Lafayette, has not l)een in operation the past year. 

The Canal Street Press (formerly Wood's Cotton Press), 
between Villiere and Claiborne streets, J. C. Vanwickle, 
proprietor, is doing a large business. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




HO:^. JAMES LEWIS, 

ADMINISTRA.TOR OF PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



M. S. HSDRICK, 

103 C^N^L STREET, 

NEW ORLEANS, 




DEALER IN ALE KINDS OF 

SE^VIN& IVdl^CHINES. 



Se^ving Machines of all kinds repaired. 
SILK, THREAD, OIL AND NEEDLES FOR ALL MACHINES. 



JEWELLS CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



310 



The Commercial Press is on St. Thomas street, between 
Richard and Market. Smith & Goldsmitli are the pro- 
prietors, and have a business of about 80,000 bales. 

Cooper's Press, J. P. Coulon & Co., proprietors, situated 
on the corner of Peters and Thalia streets, does a business 
of about 25,000 bales. 

The Crescent City Press, J. P. Moore, proprietor, is sit- 
uated on Front street, between Race and Robin. 

The Factor's Press, S. Haywood, proprietor, is on 
Tchoupitoulas street, between Henderson and Robin. 

Passman's Press, on Clio street, between Front and 
Locust, does a business of about 20,000 bales. 

The Fire Proof Press, J. P. Moore, proprietor, is situated 
on Front street, between Race and Robin. 

The Independent Press, S. Boyd & Co., proprietors, is 
on Front street, between Henderson, Terpsichore and 
Peters. 

The Jackson Press, O'Brien & Co., proprietors, is on the 
corner of Perdido and Freret streets. 

The Kentucky Press, Lipscomb, proprietor, is on Tchou- 
pitoulas street, between Terpsichore and Bellechasse. 

The Levee Steam Cotton Press, of which J. C. Denis is 
President, is on Peters street, between Ferdinand and 
Montegut. It does a business of about 45,000 bales. 

The Louisiana, E. K. Bryant, proprietor, is on St. 
Thomas street, between Robin and Terpsichore. 

The Memphis, J. R. Groves, proprietor, on the corner of 
Peters and Race streets, compresses annually about 26,000 
bales. 

The Merchants', F. Eastman, proprietor, on Gravier, be- 
tween Petei-s and Front streets, does a large business. 

The Mississippi, Hamilton, Lewis & Lynd, is situated 
on the square bounded by Tchoupitoulas, Religious, Rich- 
ard and Market streets. 

The Natchez Press, L. A. Levy, Jr., proprietor, on 
Dauphine street, between Montegut and Cotton Press 
streets, does a business of about 100,000 bales. 

The Orleans Press, Sam Boyd & Co., proprietors, on the 
square bounded by Thalia, Front, Terpsichore and Peters 
streets, presses a large amount. 

The Pelican Press, J. Randolph, proprietor, on Tchou- 
pitoulas street, between St. Mary and St. Andrew, receives 
annually about 100,000 bales. 

The Penn Press, Krumbeau & Herndon, proprietors, on 
the square bounded by Tchoupitoulas, Peters, Terpsichore 
and Hunter streets, does a business of about 100,000 
bales. 

The Phoenix Press, H. H. Rainey & Co., proprietors, on 
Chartres street, between Montegut and Ferdinand, has 
a business of about 15,000 bales. 

The Planters' Press, Robert Abbott, proprietor, is in 
the square bounded by Annunciation, Constance, Richard 
and Market streets. 

The Shippers' Press, Sam Boyd & Co., proprietors, is 
situated on Henderson, between Peters and Front streets, 
and does a large business. 

Terrell's Press, K. Terrell, proprietor, is on Chippewa, 
Orange, St. Thomas and Richard streets, and does a busi- 
ness of 15,000 bales. 



The Union Press, A. P. Mason, proprietor, on the square 
bounded by Terpsichore, Peters, Tchoupitoulas and Hen- 
derson streets, has a very good business. 

The Virginia Press, Hampton, Lewis & Lynd, proprie- 
tors, is on the square bounded by Tchoupitoulas, Peters, 
Richard and Market streets. 

THE NUMBEK OF MEN EMPLOYED 

by the cotton presses probably exceeds one thousand, in- 
cluding draymen and other laborers. 

A compressing gang is composed of fourteen men, in- 
cluding night and day watchmen, a yard clerk, book- 
keeper, shipping clerk, cotton rollers, and those who work 
at the press. From twenty-five to thirty men are em- 
ployed in a press during the busy season, and get good 
wages. A gang of cotton rollers, composed of three men 
to each bale, have been known to receive as high as $150 
a week as wages. The cotton rollers and pressmen are 
generally of the colored persuasion, and as their money 
comes ia fast, they generally spend it freely, only an ex- 
ceptional few having the foresight to lay it up " for a rainy 
day." 

Altogether the business of compressing cotton is one of 
our important home industries, and affords employment to 
many worthy people. 



GEORGE STAFFORD LACEY. 



The present City Attorney was born in the City of 
Albany, New York, on the 9th day of August, 1820. At 
the age of sixteen he commenced the study of law in 
that city with his brother-in-law, Rufus W. Peckham, 
now one of the Judges of the Court of Appeals, of the 
State of New Y''ork. In 1840 he removed to Louisiana, 
was admStted to the bar of that State in 1842, and im- 
mediately afterwards commenced the practice of law in 
the city of Baton Rouge. When the seat of government 
was removed to Baton Rouge, Governor Walker, then 
the Chief Executive of the State, offered Mr. Lacey a Dis- 
trict Judgeship, which he declined. lu 1853 he ran for 
the State Senate, as Senator for the District of East Baton 
Rouge and Living.ston, and, being elected, served the State 
as her Senator, and as Chairman of the State Judiciary 
Committee during thp years 1853, 1854 and 1855. In 1855 
he removed to New Orleans, where, in a short time, he 
secured a large and lucrative practice, which he has main- 
tained ever since. In 1866 he ran for the oflBce of Attorney 
General of the State of Louisiana, under the banner of the 
National Conservative Union Party. In 1870 he was ap- 
pointed City Attorney of the City of New Orleans, which 
office he now holds. 

Mr. Lacey is an admirable lawyer, and possesses rare 
talents as an orator. 

Notwithstanding the great labors of his profession, Mr. 
Lacey has found time to devote himself to other studies, 
and in 1869 he published a work on " The Doctrine of the 
Real Presence of Christ in the Holy Eucharist." As a rep- 
resentative churchman of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church in the United States, Mr. Lacey has not only 
labored in her behalf as an author, but has served her as a 
Trustee of her General Theological Seminary, and as a 
Delegate to her General Convention. 



320 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSRATED. 



THE DRAINAGE OF NEW ORLEANS. 



The topographical features of New Orleans are pecu- 
liar to lower Louisiana. The land is highest on the im- 
mediate bank of the rivers and bayous, and consequently 
the rain-water flows from the river to the swamp, as the 
low back lands are styled before they are cleared and 
drained. 

New Orleans was laid out and settled in 1718. The plan 
showed a front of eleven blocks (from Custom House to 
Barrack streets) on the Mississippi River, by a depth of 
only five blocks from the river to Burgundy street. 

Small ditches led the rain-fall into the swamp. The swamp 
drained slowly into Lake Pontchartrain, by the Bayou 
Saint John and some smaller Bayous. 

This rough natural drainage existed many years without 
change (except a few pi-ivate canals), until Louisiana was 
purchased by the United States in 1803. New Orleans 
began to increase, as aijpears by the petition of the City 
Council on the 20th July, 180.5, to the Governor, asking to 
have the fortifications demolished, and the ditches filled up. 

Up to the 19th March, 1835, the street gutters were 
gradually extended into the swamp, and a few draining 
canals had been made, viz. : The Melpomene from St. 
Charles to Willow streets, the Canal Gravier, on Poydras 
from Baronne street to a branch of Bayou St. John, 
Canal street from Claiborne street to a branch of Bayou 
St. John, and Orleans street from Claiborne street to Bayou 
St. John, St. Bernard from St. Claude street to Bayou St. 
John, and the old Marigny Canal from Elysian Field street, 
via Marigny avenue, to the Bayou St. John, in Claiborne 
from Canal Carondelet to Ursulines streets. 

A draining machine was built by the city at Bayou St. 
John, at the junction of the draining canal on Orleans 
street. 

This machine was built about 1830. 

The upper suburbs drained into N. O. Canal, which had 
cut off the drainage of Bayou St. John. 

By an act of the Legislature, approved 19th March, 
1835, a Draining Company was organized to " drain, fill up, 
and improve, the territory from the river to Lake Pont- 
chartrain, between Hai-mony street above, and the Fisher- 
men's Canal, below the* city ; and went to work as re- 
quired, by cutting down the forest between the city and 
the Metairie Ridge, and digging several Draining Canals, 
viz. : Claiborne, Galvez, Broad, Hagan, Carrollton. 

Draining Machines were erected at Claiborne, and, 2d, 
which was burned, at Melpomene and Claiborne, (2) at 
New Shell Road and Claiborne, discontinued (3) at Hagan, 
between Bienville and Conti streets, (4) at Orleans rebuilt, 
(5) and at London, on Gentilly Ridge, (6) at Bayou St. 
John and Marigny Canal, burnt and not renewed, (7) Dub- 
lin Street Draining Machine was inaugurated 4th March, 
1870. 

By an act of the Legislature of 20th March, 1889, a 
Special District for Drainage was formed between Clai- 
borne street, Carondelet Canal, Metairie (2) Ridge, Bayou 
(1) St. John, and N. O. Canal. 



By act 18th March, 1858, three Draining Districts were 
created, each with a separate administration, viz. : 

lYrst District — All lands within the river, Julia street, 
N. O. Canal, Lake Pontchartrain, Bayou St. John, Caron- 
delet Canal, and St. Peter street. 

Second District — All lands within the river, Julia street, 
N. O. Canal, the Lake, Jefferson and Lake Pontchartrain 
R. R., to the river 'bank. 

Third District — All lands within the River, St. Peter 
street, Carondelet Canal, Bayou St. John, the Lake, Lafay- 
ette avenue, to the river bank. 

Fourth District — River, Florida avenue, Lafayette ave- 
nue, and Fishermen's Canal. 

Under these difi'erent acts, the whole of the territory, 
from the upper line of Carrollton to Lafayette avenue, has 
received more or less improvement in its drainage, as will 
be seen by the following statement of work up to May, 
1871: 

Protection Levees built, about 19 miles. 

Draining Canals dug, about 27 miles. 

In 1871 the drainage and protection were as.signed to 
Mexican Gulf Company, which has excavated several 
Draining Canals, and built several Protection Levees. 
This work is under the superintendence of W. H. Bell, 
Esq., City Surveyor, who has projected the plans of a 
comjilete system of drainage and protection. 

This includes a Superb Levee on the Lake Shore, which, 
when finished, will extend about 5 miles on the Lake 
Shore, and will furnish a carriage road, as well as room 
for a railroad, all fanned by the pure breezes from the 
Lake, and making a promenade unequaled in the South — 
the base of levee is 115 feet. 

When the land between the Lake and the Metairie Ridge 
shall be drained by the projected Draining Canals, the 
Lake front of New Orleans will be studded with residences, 
which will combine the comforts of City and Lake dwel- 
lings. 

The work done since 1871 comprises: 

1. A Protection Levee on upper line of Carrollton, and 
along the line of the Jefferson and Lake Pontchartrain R. 
R. to the Lake 5 miles long, to have a carriage road on it. 

2. A Protection Levee from the above down the Lake to 
New Orleans Canal— 3,000 feet. 

3. A Pi'otection Levee on each side of the Orleans 
Draining Canal from the Metairie Ridge to the Lake, with 
carriage road and street railroads — 2^ miles. 

4. Fourteenth Street Draining Canal — -1 mile. 

5. Poydras Street Draining Canal — IJ miles. 

6. Harrison and Taylor Avenue Draining Canal — ± mile. 

7. London Avenue Draining Canal, from Lake — i mile. 

8. Lower Draining Canal, from Lake — i mile. 

New Canals excavated up to August 1st, 1873, from 
June 1871— 8f miles. 

Old Canals deepened and widened to August 1st, 1873 
— 7i- miles. 

This Company has now 8 Dredge Boats at work with 4 
Steam Derricks, excavating the various Draining Canals 
projected on Mr. Bell's plan. 

There are now 7 Draining Machines in operation : 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




I. N. MARKS, ESQ, 

PRESIDENT FIREMEN'S CHARITABLE ASSOCIATION. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




ilillllOl 01 EOlf . EOllEf i 



iOi 



'5^95 



COR. OF ST. CHARLES &, COJSTERY STS. 



JEWELLS CRESCEISTT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



323 



1. Dublin Street — 2 wheels — 1 new. 

2. Melpomene Street — 1 engine. 

3. Bienville Street — 2 engint'S. 

4. London Avenue — 2 wheels — 1 new. 

Capacity of three million gallons per hour for each 
wheel at a lift of 7 feet. 

The area to be drained by the above machines is about 
30 square miles, and more engines will be required to do it 
efifectually. 

But the results of this work are remarkable. 

The swamp, which is impassible in most all the year, 
becomes firm, dry land, and caj^able of cultivation, thas 
adding to the available territory of the City. The health 
of the City is also greatly improved, and when the fresh 
winds from the Lake come through the openings of new 
canals and new streets, New Orleans will be a pleasant 
Summer residence. 

The system of open drainage was recommended by the 
Board of Engineers in 18.58, and the present system is ac- 
cording to that report. 

The Board recommended underground drainage when 
the finances of the City would permit it. But experience 
shows that no system of covered drainage could receive 
the floods of rain which fall here, sometimes 6 inches in 24 
hours. 

"Wide and deep open Canals are needed to receive these 
deluges 

SYLVESTER LARNED INSTITUTE. 



This is one of the largest Institutions for the education 
of young ladies in the Southern country. It was first or- 
ganized in September, 1870, under the auspices of the First 
Presbyterian Church of this city. The experiment was 
regarded as so successful that at the close of the first ses- 
sion the Trustees purchased, as a permanent site for the 
Institute, the large, substantial, and handsome property 
on Carondelet street, where it has since been located. The 
main building presents an imposing appearance, and 
though originally constructed as a private residence, is 
well adapted for a large and flourishing school. The 
grounds are kept with taste and order. In the inteiior 
arrangements there is an air of cheei'fulness and elegance, 
not always found in school-houses. All the rooms are car- 
peted and supplied with suitable furnitui-e, including 
maps, globes, and the like. The school of natural science 
has been supplied with a small but well selected chemical 
and philosophical apparatus. A valuable pi'ivate library 
and mineral cabuiet have been placed in the building for 
the use of the teachers and students. There is also an 
abundant supply of pianos for the school of music. 

All this has been accomplished in three years, and dur- 
ing that time the attendance has been constantly on the 
increase. Over two hundred scholars were admitted dur- 
ing the last session, which closed June 27, 1873. 

There is a boarding department connected with the In- 
stitute. The number of scholars of this class is limited to 
twenty. No effort is spared to give them the comforts of 
a pleasant home, and the fullest advantages for intellectual 
culture. 



The aim of the Directors of the Institute is to offer to 
young ladies s\ipcrior advantages of instruction in the es- 
sential, and in more liberal branches of education. In ad- 
dition to the full English course in Literature, Natural 
Science, and Mathematics, much care is bestowed in secur- 
ing the best talent for the Schools of Ancient and Modern 
Languages, Vocal and Instrumental Music, Drawing and 
Painting. Series of Lectures have also been given, dur- 
ing the winter evenings, upon subjects connected with the 
studies of the Senior Class. For the encouragement and 
advancement of the scholars, musical soirees are given, 
from time to time, in the Institute building. 

The Institute is under denominational direction, but is ' 
not sectarian. All shades of religious belief are repre- 
sented among the students. 

The Principal and Superintendent is Wm. O. Rogers, 
foi-merly Superintendent of the City Schools. He is aided 
by Mrs. A. L. Pargaud, formerly Principal of the State 
Normal School, and of the Girls' High School as Vice- 
Principal, together with a full corps of teachers for all the 
different departments. 



THE STATE LINE STEAMSHIP COMPANY, Limited. 



This Company was started in Glasgow in 1870 by 
Messrs. Lewis T. Morrow & Co., as Managing Owners, in 
conjunction with a number of influential Glasgow and 
Liverpool merchants, and early in 1871 contracts were 
closed for the six steamers which the company have now 
running. 

These vessels are all of the very highest strength, class, 
and finish ; the saloons being equal to those of any of the 
first-class lines in the Liverpool and New York trade, 
while the passages already made evince that th^ey are also 
not inferior to their competitors in point of speed. 

The ollicers are all gentlemen and seamen, most of them, 
even down to the fourth officers, have previously had a 
command. 

The disfjualification of non-residents in Great Britain, 
from holding shipping property registered there, caused 
the original shareholders to form the present Companv, 
under the Limited Liability Act, with a capital of six huii- 
d)-ed thousand pounds sterling, by which arrangement 
those parties wishing to invest can do so in safety. 

The intention of the Company is to build six more 
steamei-s at once, making a tifiet of twelve (when all are 
completed) of as fine vessels as fluat the sea. 

They will then run a fortniglitly line from Liverpool to 
New Orleans, a weekly one from Glasgow to New York ; 
and if the New Orleans line is a success (as it so far bril- 
liantly promises), it will also be made a weekly service, all 
the year round, which will give an impetus to the summer 
trade of the City of New Orleans that cannot but be bene- 
ficial, by giving employment to many, and especially of 
that class who can least afford to be idle. Such enter- 
prises as this Company is, deserve the hearty support of 
all the inhabitants of this city, and every facility afforded 
to it' in the carrying out their business. 

The head offices of the Company are in Glasgow, with 
Messrs. Lewis T. Merrow & Co. as managers, while its in- 
terests are looked out for in Liverpool by Messrs. Ross, 
Skolfield & Co.; in New Orleans by Messrs. A. K. Miller & 
Co.; in Bordeaux by Messrs. Laffitte & Vandercruyce, and 
New York by Messrs. Austin Baldwin & Co. — while sev- 
eral hundred sub-agents are continually at work extending 
its influence and patronage. 



824 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



JOHN McDONOGH. 



HIS LIFE AJfD TlilES — INTERESTLNG EVENTS OF HIS 
CAREER. 

John McDonogh was born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 
the year 1778, of highly respectable parents of Scotch 
descent. He received a good education, was quick and 
apt at acquiring knowledge, and possessed an extraordi- 
nary retentive memory, which seldom or ever failed him. 
Indicating a turn for commercial pursuits, he was placed 
at an early age in a mercantile house in Baltimore, doing 
an extensive business both in this country and Europe. 
He was affable and pleasing in his manners, strictly cor- 
rect in all transactions. He gained the unlimited con- 
fidence of his employers, who, in 1800, sent him as super- 
cargo in one of their ships to Liverpool, with instructions 
to load her with merchandise suitable for the Louisiana 
market, and to proceed without delay to New Orleans. 
He obeyed his instructions, sailed from Liverpool, and ar- 
rived at the Balize in the latter part of September, 1800. 
His ship sailed up the river as fast as winds would permit, 
and when about twenty miles below the city, he came 
ashore, hired a horse, and entered the city on the evening 
of the 3rd of October, 1800, — the next day presenting 
himself to his consignees. Ere the ship reached port he 
had disposed of the largest portion of the cargo. Renting 
a store, he stored the balance of the cargo, which was also 
disposed of in a very short time. He loaded the vessel for 
Baltimore and sailed, and on his arrival was greeted by his 
employers for the success attendant upon this venture. 

Shortly after, in 1804, another venture was made, giving 
McDonogh an interest therein, and he met with far better 
success. He determined upon making New Orleans his 
future home. He soon became intimately acquainted with 
all the city and government oflBcers, merchants and citizens 
generally, entering into contracts with the Spanish officials 
to furnish goods for all that part of the country east of the 
Mississippi and the Floridas, and giving general satisfac- 
tion to all. 

After the treaty of cession, a former clerk and intimate 
friend. Shepherd Brown, arrived from Baltimore. Aided 
by their former employers, they formed a co-partnership, 
and did an extensive business as John McDonogh, Jr. & 
Co. After the battle of New Orleans, Brown died; 
McDonogh attended to the settlement of the affairs of the 
firm, and carried on the business in his own name. 

McDonogh being fond of gayety and parties and of ladies' 
society, in 1809 he opened a large house at the northwest 
corner of Chartres and Toulouse streets, furnished it mag- 
nificently, had his coaches and horses, gave balls, parties 
and dinner parties which were attended by the notabilities 
of the city. Don Almonaster y Roxas, the rich and opu- 
lent, was residing here. His daughter, Micoella Leonarda, 
was the belle, causing, by her handsome face and money, 
many hearts to beat, amongst others John McDonogh's, 
who in 1810 demanded her in marriage, the father declin- 
ing the honor unless McD. would become a Roman Catholic, 
he (McD.) being a heretic. McDonogh of course retired, 
and did not renew the demand. 



The Baron de Pontalba arriving from France with his 
title, but an empty purse, sought Miccella, and in 1811 was 
accepted upon his demanding ner in marriage. Don Al- 
monaster caused the marriage contract to be irawn up by 
Phillippe Pedesclaux, in July, 1811, with the strictest 
clauses inserted therein. The contract was signed, the 
marriage consummated, and the Baron and Baroness left 
for Paris to participate in the festivities and splendor of 
nobility. The results of that marriage proved unhappy. 
The causes heed not be repeated here, but Miccella was 
divorced by a decree of J.a Corir de Cassation, and she 
was once more free. She visited New Orleans in 1846 in 
relation to the projected buildings on St. Peter and St. 
Ann streets. The Council of the First Municipality re- 
fused to donate to her the banquette in front of her prop- 
erty, and her plan would fail could she not obtain the 
number of feet needed from the property in the rear. 
McDonogh owned the largest portion on Chartres and on 
Jefferson streets. She at ot once thought of McD., and 
meeting him as if by chance in the Louisiana State Bank, 
approached him, " How are you, McDonogh, have you 
forgotten me ? I am Miccella." After recognition of McD., 
and some conversation about olden times, she remarked : 
" McDonogh, would you marry me now ?" He, always the 
polite and gallantgentleman,smilinglysaid, yes, he would ! 
And shoj'tly they j)arted, but McDonogh saw her no more. 
Believing she had by this manoeu-iTe secured McDonogh's 
good favor, she ordered her builder, Samuel Stewart, to 
take possession and tear down some 15 or 16 feet of the 
property of McDonogh. She had caused an act to be 
drawn up, which she believed McDonogh would sign, by 
which he abandoned to her this amount of property. 
McDonogh hearing of the projected tearing down of his 
property, and thus taking possession, at once applied to 
the Fifth District Court of New Orleans, Judge A. M. 
Buchanan presiding, and obtained an injunction, which 
resulted in Mrs. de Pontalba having to pay damages and 
costs, besides the repairing of the walls which she had 
already pulled dcwrn. Thus ended his love, if it can be so 
called, for Mrs. de Pontalba. 

After the refusal by Don Ahnonaster of McDonogh's 
offer to marry Micoella, for this love was only a momentary 
passion, un amour passant, McDonogh stili continued his 
gay life. 

There resided here a Mr. Johnson and family, from 
Maryland, in 1814. His daughter was then just entering 
into womanhood, beautiful and magnificent, of a queenly 
appearance, intellectual and witty, far surpassing Micoella 
Ahnonaster in everything but money. McDonogh paid 
his addresses to this young lady, and was accepted by her, 
but the father's consent was to be had. McDonogh made 
the demande en marriage in due form, and according to 
etiquette. The Johnson family were strict Roman Catho- 
lics, and McDonogh a heretic. Miss Johnson made no ob- 
jection to McD. on the score of religion. Not so the father, 
who acknowledging the honor done to his daughter by 
McD., of which he was proud, he would consent if McD. 
would join the Catholic religion. McDonogh declined 
doing this, stated that no objection was made by the 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




J. M. a PARKER ESQ., 

U. S. NAVAL OFFICER. 






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JEWELL' S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



327 



daughter, and he would wait some time when, perhaps 
Mr. Johnson might change his views. Miss Johnson was 
satisfied with' this, hoping, also, that her father would 
relent. 

New Orleans was invaded. McDonogh joined Captain 
Beale's company of rities, was at the battle on the 8th of 
January, 181-5. After proclamation of peace McDonogh 
again renewed his application to the father, with the same 
result. Miss .Tohnson then announced that if she were not 
McDonogh's wife, she would become a nun, and some time 
after she took the veil, in the Ursuline Church, on Ursu- 
lines street, McDonogh being present, as also our worthy 
fellow citizen. Gen. John L. Lewis, and others, many of 
whom have since departed this life. From a novice, she 
became and was for years secluded. Society had lost one 
of its brightest ornaments. 

Many years after, nearly thirty-five years after. Miss J. 
became the head of one of the religious institutions she 
had joined. McDonogh, hearing of this, and being made 
aware that her then position permitted her to receive 
visitors, respectfully requested permission to pay his re- 
spects to her, simply as an old friend. She a.ssented, and 
McDonogh paid the visit, which was most interesting to 
I both, although no allusion was made to the love of former 
days. And annually, up to the time of his death in 1850, 
McDonogh, between the 1st and 6th of January, would 
make his " visite de bonne annee," the New Year's call. 
McDonogh died in 1850, and in his armoir, carefullf pre- 
served, was found a memento of Miss Johnson, in the 
shape of a pair of beautiful gold embroidered slippers. 
The lady has since died. 

In March, 1819, suffering greatly from piles, a disease 
with which he had been afflicted for several years, and 
which had become serious by his mode of living, his old 
friend and physician. Dr. Flood, said to him " that if he 
did not quit his balls and parties this disease would kill 
him, and that in less than three months he would be a 
dead man." McDonough was taken aback, asking the 
Doctor if he were serious in his statement, and receiving 
a decided reply in the affirmative, McDonogh at once re- 
solved to remove to the other side of the river, and so in- 
formed Dr. Flood, hoping to see him in a few weeks in his 
new domicile. He went from the Doctor's house to his 
store, made out a correct list or inventory of his furni- 
ture, and in an hour after visited the auction store of his 
old friends Toussaint Mossy & Dutillet, and requested 
them to announce an immediate sale of his furniture. 
Mossy was astonished, thought McDonogh crazy, in- 
quired the cause, was informed of it, and although Mossy 
and others remonstrated, McDonogh was firm, and ere the 
end of March, 1819, saw him installed in his new home. 

This house joined a part of a plantation purchased some 
years before by McDonogh on the other side of the Mis- 
sissippi River, opposite New Orleans. The house was a 
two story bricked within posts, a large gallery around it ; 
garden in front and rear, at a distance of a quarter of a 
mile from the river bank. It has since disappeared by 
the caving in of the levee. McDonogh, anticipating this, 
had built, at some distance from the house, two brick 



buildings, which were to serve as vrings to a house which 
he intended to build for his residence. 

From 1819 tc 1850 McDonogh never was idle, early and 
late he was at work. His business called him daily to the 
city. He had his rents to collect, his notes to pay. He 
attended the auction sales and bought real estate, and to 

j attend to this business he would cross the Mississippi in a 
skiff manned by one of his slaves. Prior to 1835 there 
were no steam ferries plying between New Orleans and 

' the opposite side. The planters and the largest portion 
of the inhabitants had their own skifi's, and since the es- 
tablishment of steam ferries none landed within a half a 

j mile of his residence. No weather, however threatening 
or tempestuous, would prevent him from crossing in this 
skiff, to fulfill any engagement which he had made. He 
was always punctual to the hour and minute, and his skiff 
was always ready, even when it was doubtful if the steam 
ferry would venture. After completing his business in 
the city, he would recross, and has never been known, 

I since his removal, to have passed a night in the city. 

McDonogh corresponded with many of the eminent men 
of the day, such as Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, John M. 
Clayton, Wm. M. Meredith, Judges Story and McLean, 

! and many others, besides corresponding with the various 

! departments, both of the United States and of the State, 

j in regard to land and other claims in which he was inter- 
ested. He frequently wrote articles upon the important 
questions of the day, which were published in the news- 
papers here, and republished in the leading papers through- 
out the country. The late Peter K. Wagner would often 
request him to write his views in regard to questions of 
vital importance to the city and State. He did so, and 
the articles were published in the New Orleans Courier, 

John McDonogh was no miser His whole career, his 
will, refute the idea that he was a miser. He declined 
giving money for frivolous purposes. He refused to have 
his biography written, as it was money the writer wanted. 
He declined being interviewed, as it is now called, for 
money was at the bottom of it. Hence he was called a 
miser. Whatever may have been his views in regard to 
the disposition of his property, and the apparent ridiculous 
mode he desired to have them carried out, it was his hobby, 
he was entitled to it, as much as it was the hobby of those 
who entertained the idea of obtaining money from him, no 
matter by what means. He was no ' miser." He hoarded 
no moneys. At the time of his death he owed $160,000, 
payable in January and February, 1851, §100,000 of which 
was due the Citizens' Bank of Louisiana, the balance, 
$60,000, for several properties which he had purchased 
from Destrehan's estate and other parties. 

He had but $10,500 cash in bank to meet this amount 
due. His property he left to the cities of Baltimore and 
New Orleans. Baltimore has profited by this legacy and 
reveres his name. New Orleans received a similar legacy. 
What has become ot the amount ? She has nothing to 
show of the results— why * * * * Quien 

sale! New Orleans reviles his memory, and verifies the 
the French proverb, " Fnites du bien a Bertrand tl vous le 
rend," etc. What a contrast between the two cities. 



o28 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



McDonogh was charitable, not as some people wotdd 
have the term charity applied, by placing their names on 
a list, with a large amount affixed opposite, and when the 
hoar comes the subscription is not come-at-able, but the 
name and amount has been blazoned forth in the news- 
papers. He cared nothing for this kind of notoriety. 
Samuel J. Peters, the late and lamented fellow-citizen, has 
testified, after McDonogh's death, to his charities — a num- 
ber of which were bestowed secretly through him. Mc- 
Donogh sent his charities under eoTer, under the signature 
of " anonymous," reque ting simply an acknowledgment 

i of their reception through the papers. It was nothing to 
him whether the city believed him charitable, there was 

. '• One above icho knew it." 

I McDonogh, though a great friend of the African race, 
was no abolitionist. He never believed in the social and 
political equality of the negro. He was no tmificationist. , 
He always believed the white superior to the neffro race. 
He favored the American Colonization Society to Liberia : 
was one of its founders and ardent supporters. He was 
opposed to setting slaves free and to remain in the State : 
he advised that they be sent at once to Liberia. That he 
was right the sequel proves it. He believed this to be a 
white man's government and none other. 

McDonogh died at his home on the evening of the '25th 
of October, 1S50, (Saturday.) and was buried on Sunday 
evening, the '26th of October, lS-30, in the burial ground 
which he had projected. His funeral was attended bv 
several friends, who, though few in number, had always 
entertained a high regard for him : also, a large concourse 
of persons attracted by simple curiosity. The ftmeral 
service was performed by the Rev, Mr. Whitall, of the 
Episcopal church. A few months prior to his death he 
had become a communicant, and frequently attended serv- 
ice in the Bethel Church, comer of Levee and Esplanade * 
streets. 

His will was opened and probated in the Fifth District 
Court of Xew Orleans, Judge A. M. Buchanan, presiding. 
The contest by the heirs in the Federal courts lasted up to 
lSo5, when the cities took possession. Some time after 
this a codicil, in the shape of a note for §100,000, in favor 
of Francis Pena. payable four years after his death, was 
presented. This was a surprise. On examination it was 
fotind to be wholly written, signed, and dated by Mc- 
Donogh, it was not creasy or unintelligible, it was in his 
bold handwriting. It had been in the possession, for years 
prior, of that highly respected fcllow-citizen, Rezin D. 
Shepherd, who held it for safe keeping, to be handed Pena 
at the proper time. When the time arrived Mr. Shepherd 
placed it in the hands of the lamented distingtiished mem- 
ber of the ^"■ew Orleans bai-, E. A. Bradford, who attended 
to the recovery of the amount. 

Althotigh it appears strange, yet, when it is known that 
Francis Pena was the illegitimate issue of McDonogh and 
Carmelite Pena, by whom he also had a daughter, the 
whole is easily understood. Subsequently. Cai-melite. the 
mother, married Louis Vaudry, fotmdryman. in the employ 
of Jedediah Leeds, and she lived for years previous and 
after McDonogh's death, on St. Joseph street, between 



Camp and St. Charles, on right hand side going to the rear 
of the city. 

McDonogh caused both Francis and the daughter to be 
educated. Rezin D. Shepherd being his agent and acting 
for him. paying the annual fee for tuition. On the return 
of the daughter from school McDonogh had selected for 
her residence, the family of a Mr. .Joseph Weber, living in 
the two story brick building northeast comer of Camp 
and Julia streets, but the mother opposed it and caused 
the daughter to live with her. The daughter married a 
dry goods merchant, named Leauthier, living at the north- 
west comer of Julia and Camp streets, and McDonogh, on 
the marriage day, gave her a large sum of money, and in 
1S4S, Leauthier and wife left for France. 

Francis P. was of a sort of roving character, fond of ex- 
citement. He was in the Texan war for independence ; 
subsequently joined a company of trappers in Missouri, 
His mother was, however, careful of his rights, and got 
McDonogh to give the document alluded to, with the un- 
derstanding that it was to remain in the hands of R. D. 
Shepherd. 

Ifo one who knew McDonogh and sees Francis or Mrs. 
L,, can be mistaken as to the paternity of McD. Mrs. L. 
was a proficient of the fine arts, and Francis P. is ever on 
the alert as an utilitarian. 

Tea is now extensively raised in Hindoostan, the ex- 
ports to England, in 1S72, exceeding sixteen millions of 
pounds. The Indian teas are of rare flavor, and are used 
by the English shopkeepers to mix with the Chinese. 
The culture in India is now carried on by joint stock 
companies, which are now paying from ten to twenty per 
cent, dividends. 

The ownership of one-fourth of England's land by a score 
or so of families has a likeness in California, where there 
are eleven hundred owners of fifteen million acres — over 
thirteen thousand acres each. This land is now iised only 
for grazing, and rated at a comparatively low valuation ; 
but its appreciation is liable to make a few thousand 
Astors out there within a few years. 

The fact that brandy can be made economically from 
sawdust, and the extent to which this manufacture is 
carried on in Sweden, is generally considered astonishing ; 
still more so, however, is the statement of a recent chemist 
that brandy or alcohol can be distilled from quartz rock. 
This furnishes the subject of a paper in the Chemical 
News. 

A remarkable invention by Mr. Siemens, of Dresden, is 
that of the simplest form known of steam monar. and 
believed to be very applicable to the minor industries, 
such as sewing-machines, the lathe, etc. This is an engine 
without a boiler, piston, valves, or other machinery, being 
merely an elongated, pear-shaped vessel, which is set in 
rotation, and possesses considerable power. 

The English war department is said to be contemplating 
the construction of a gun which shall weigh sixty tons, 
and require a charge of two htmdred pounds of gun pow- 
der, by means of which it will be able to throw a shot over 
half a ton in weight. The " Woolwich Infant."' which is 
the largest gun, weighs thirty -five tons, requires a charge 
of one hundred and ten pounds, and carries a seven 
htindred pound shot. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




WM. P. KELLOGG 

GOVERNOR. 



E. M. & B. J. MONTGOMEKY, 

A^TJCTIOIN'EERS, 

And Dealers in Ne^v Furniture, 

OFFICK AND SALESROOMS, 

ARMORY HALL^ 87 CAMP STREBT^ 

Auction Rooms, 37 Natcher Street, Warerooms, Cor. Lafayette & Commerce. 

NEW ORLEANS. 




Constantly on hand, the Largest Stock of FUMITTJBE in the City. 

ALSO, A LARGE STOCK OF BUGGIES. 

Out-Door Sales at Auction of Honses, Mules. Buggies, Faruiture Real Estate, Stocks, and every descrip- 
uui uooT p ^.^^^ ^^ Merchandise, promptly attended to. 

LIBERAL ADVANCES MAX>E ON CONSIGNMENTS. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



331 



WM. PITT KELLOGG. 



William Pitt Kellogg was born iu Vennont, in 
the year 1830, and was educated at Norwich University. 
At the age of eighteen he removed with his parents to Il- 
linois, studied law, and in 1S4S, when barely of age, was 
admitted to the bai'. lie east his first vote for John f. 
Hale for President, and in 1 S56 was chosen one of the 
Fremont electors by the Republican Convention of Illinois. 
He became a personal and political friend of Abraham 
Lincoln, and supported him iu his unsuccessful contest 
wich Stephen A. Douglas for the U. S. Senatorship in 
1850. 

In i860 he was again chosen one of the Republican 
Presidential electors from Illinois, and cast his vote for 
Lincoln. Shortly after Mr. Lincoln's inauguration he 
nominated Mr. Kellogg Chief .lustice of Nebraska. The 
war came on, and Chief Justice Kellogg tendered to 
President Lincoln his sword and his resignation. The 
sword was accepted, the resignation not. He went back 
to Illinois on leave of absence, raised the 7 th Illinois 
Cavalry, was elected Colonel, and served in Missouri, where 
he had much rough-and-t arable fighting, and, on one brisk 
skirmish, defeated Gen. M. Jeif. Thompson, the present 
Chief Engineer of Louisiana, then in the Confederate 
service. His leave of absence expired, he resumed his 
position on the Supremo Bench of Nebraska, and resigned 
to participate iu the Presidential campaign of 1864. He 
was a delegate from Nebraska to the Republican Conven- 
tion which renominated Mr. Lincoln, and actively support- 
ed both Lincoln and Andrew Johnson, the Republican 
candidate for Vice-President. 

Soon after his second inauguration Mr. Lincoln appoint- 
ed Judge Kellogg Collector of the Port of New Orleans. His 
commission was signed only a few houi's before the fatal 
visit to Ford's Theatre, and was the last civil commission 
signed by President Lincoln. In 1868 Mr. Kellogg, whilst 
still Collector of the Port, was elected to the IT. S. Senate 
by the reconstructed Legislature of Louisiana. In the 
Senate he succeeded in passing many measures for the 
advancement of the material interests of Louisiana. He 
was nominated by the Republican Convention at Baton 
Rouge in 1872 for Governor of Louisiana, which position 
he now holds. 

HON. JAMES LEWIS. 



Born at Woodville, in the State of Mississippi, in the 
year 1 832, and raised at Bayou Sara, Louisiana, Mr. Lewis 
has, by his steadiness of purpose, strict integrity and in- 
domitable energy, worked himself up to a highly honor- 
alile and conspicuous position for a man so young — he is 
only 41 years of age — and to whom all avenues to public 
distinction were shut out up to within the last few years. 
When the war broke out Mr. Lewis went with B. L. 
Hodge into the Confederate service. Mr. Hodge, whose 
memory still lives iu the name of one of our popular 
steamboats, was the Second Lieutenant of the " Shreve- 
pcrt Grays," Dreux's batallion, a company of which Geo. 



Williamson, late Reform candidate for Governor, was the 
First Lieutenant. Following the company in the first 
Virginia campaign up to the time the gallant Ureux was 
killed at the head oi. his command, Mr. Lewis then re- 
turned to this city with his patron, Mr. Hodge, and be- 
came Stewart of the Confederate transport De Soto, which 
place he retained until he heard the news of President 
Lincoln's emancipation proclamation. While on board the 
De Soto, he was present at the fighting about Columbus, 
at the fall of Island Number Ten and New Madrid; but 
when his heart was gladdened by the liberation of his 
race, knowing that the cause of freedom needed all its 
friends, he made his way by a devious and dangerous 
route to this city, over which he found the flag of the 
Union waving, and at once resolved to be a soldier. In 
conjunction with some other colored men he petitioned 
the commanding officer for permission to raise what proved 
to be the first colored troops that ever entered the army 
of the United States. The petition was gi-anted. Gen. 
Lovell's order raising a regiment of colored troops for the 
Confederate service was substantially re-issued by General 
Butler in September, 1862, and Mr. Lewis at once raised 
two companies of colored infantry. At the head of one of 
! these he was mustered into the First Native Guards as 
Captain of Company K. The regiment was first ordered 
to the Opelousas country, where it operated against the 
1 Confederate General Mouton ; thence it was sent to Fort 
St. Philip ; thence to Baton Rouge ; then.e to Port Hud- 
son, where it became famous, and where " the colored 
j troops fought nobly," and demonstrated that they were fit 
, not to be slaves, but to be freemen. 

I Resigning his commission upon the Red River expe- 
dition, on account of mistreatment from a superior officer. 
Col. Lewis again returned to the city in March, 1864, and 
j became a Pei'mit and Custom House broker, a vocation he 
! pursued industriously to the satisfaction of his customers 
I up to the opening of the coast trade and the coming of 
reconstruction. With this latter era his public life began. 
I Receiving the appointment of traveling agent of the edu- 
cational department of the Freedmen's Bureau, he devoted 
his whole time, his talents, and his energies to the estab- 
lishment o£ schools for the instruction and elevation of 
his down-trodden race. In this cap.acity he journeyed all 
j over the State, carrying light into dark places and open- 
I ing up schools on every hand, wherever he went. At that 
I time this sort of business was no inviting feast ; n<it by 
! any means were his trips pleasant picnic excursions. His 
■life was in constant peril, and in many places he moved 
about in the very jaws of death. On one occasion, in St. 
Landry, he was captured and nothing but the interposition 
I of some friendly Masons saved his neck. But the seeds 
he plante 1, the love of learning he instilled, brought forth 
good fruit which his people are now only beginning to 
taste. 

I When Senator Kellogg became Collector of the Port, he 
j appointed the first colored man to a civil position iu the 

Federal service in Louisiana, when he made Col. Lewis 

1 _ _ ' 

Assistant Superintendent of the Custom House. This 
place the latter held up to the tima that Perry Fuller, 



oo:; 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



tonied him out beeaose he refused to rote for SeymoiLr 
and Biair. In 1869 Mr. Lewif became % Sergeant of the 
Poike, and disdiaz^cd his duties with sach fidelity. Id- 
parti^itj and integritv. that he tras prcraooted within less 
titan a year to the position ot C^taia of Police in recc^- 
nitkm of his serrices. In this capacity Le extorted eren 
the admiration of the I)anocrats, a thing most diffieolt for 
a colored man to do at any time. The report of tbe 
Metn^mfitan Board for 1S70, in the coarse of a kng 
artide eonmending the manner in vhidh Gapt. Lewis had 
£s(^ars<ed his dnties in the Fifth Prerinet. rfffnaite : 

'* Under Captain Lewis, the force of this precinct at- 
tained a high state d disdi^ine and effidmcy, a renuok- 
able degree <d order vas maintained throogfaoot the year, 
few bnrglaries were eosnmitted, and the force have earned 
Hie goodr.Tin and nspeet of the conmnnity. In many 
reelects the management and effiaency of the fifth pre- 
cinct police might be emulated by other precincts to the 
advantage oi the department.' 

In flie ■"—**' (tf 1870 what CxpL Lewis received the 
aoauBstian of Administrator of P<diee, Saperintoident 
Badger refused to accept his resignation on the groond 
that the city conld not dispense with his services at that 
excitii^ time. 

CAPTAlIf T. P. LEATHERS. 



Thomas P. Leathers was bom in Kenton c-c:mty, Ky„ 
<m the 2^h of May, 1>16. He w^ of th^t stock of stai- 
vart men of whom old Simc>a Kenton, aft^' whom the 
coanty was named, was a notaUe representatiTe. The 
Captain and aU his brothers stood sx feet and two in th^ 
stodii^s, and were erf gigantic tniild and great mnseolar 
power. "Hiainas P. Leathers came down the Mi^sisdppi 
with his brodier on the SQnflower,in the hH of 1^36, and, 
as mate, eagtged in the Yazoo river trade. After ~ learn- 
ing the Topes," and seong the great profitableness of the 
cotton franqwrtaticm boanes^ he united with his InPodieT 
and brother-in-law. Capt. SanfonL in building the Princess 
2S'o. 1. which, in 1^40. started in the I^atchez, Yicksbnrg 
and 2s'ew Orleans trade. This boat was run with great 
success tin 1546, so that Capt. Leathers — for he had now 
become a fuQ captain — ^was meoaraged to build a new 
and expeoave boat, which was the 

XATCHI2 SO. 1. 

Vie £rst ^aichex was run with great soceesE, from 1S46, 
tar two ye^LTs, when the ambition ol Ci^ Leadiers aspir- 
ing to a laiger and finer boat he add ho' to C^pt. John 

Piarce. and agsi:: repaired to C^cinnati to bnild. 

SATCHEI XO. i 

^is was in 1S4$, and the second 5'atchex entering the 
old trade, ran steadily and profitably untfl ISoil, in <xm- 
junction with the the Princes !^o. 3, in which Capt. 
Leathers had acquired an interest. The seeond TSatehgai, 
In her turn, became insufficient for the Aom,tmnAz of Capt. 
Leather's amHtinn, and in lSo2, he sold her £ar the coast 
trade, and set to work on a still lazger -jc I fner boat, 
vhidiwas 

SAICHKZ so. 3. 

Her career was. however, a bri^f onr. Six "="eek; if:er 



sie had b^mn her trips she was bumei a: tie -srhir: in 
tM~ oity. In the great conflagration which originated with 
the Belcher, and destroyed some ten or twelve boats. 
Captain Leathers was on board with his &mily when rhi'j; 
fire occtired, and narrowly escaped with his life. His 
younger brother was not so fortonate. Sleepng in the 
Texas so soundly that he could not be awaked, he perished 
in the tl*mfs- Captain Leathers immediat^y proceeded 
to Cincinnati, and in due time returned with 
XAiCHEi so. -L 

Her career was a pn^taUetme from 1853 to lSo9. But 
not suiting the always expanding and progressive views 
ot Certain LeaSiers, he had her madiinay transferred 
into another and new hnll,sdlii^ &e old hull for a wharf- 
boat at Sitrher, and tims constmeied toved her down to 
diat city in 1860. 

XAlCHEZ SO. 5. 

This boat was.run down to the fall ol ISew Orleans in 
1S62, on the eve (d whidi she was taken up the Mississippi 
to the Yazoo, where ^e was burned during some of the 
fierce battles in that neigfaboihood. 

Then followed the long interrtiption of the war when 
C^>tain Leathers abandoned the river, and nevo' came 
within aght of it, tmtQ the was war over. 

After peace and the resumpticm of business, O^ttain 
Leathers became int^ested successively in the Magmta 
and G^ieral Quitman. The latter being old and some- 
what infirm, was sunk and lost at Morgan's Tiandrng in 
186S. He then ran the Belle Lee for six months, chartered 
the Ames for the cotton season of 1869, and alter this 
b^an the coostraetion of the 

SATCSEZ so. 6. 

Of this boat C^it. Leathers owns seven-eighths and his 
engineer one-eighth. It has always been a peculiarity of 
Capt. Leafliers' muiagan^kt that he has retained the same 
e:qiaieneed and tried officers for twenty years, always 
paying large salaries to " keep a good thing whai he had 
it,' to use his favorite mai-im The expense of running 
this boat is about $2S,0(iO per month in the business 
season, and $16,000 in the suunaer or dull months. Capt. 
Leathos daring his career has brought to this city 

TWO UTTTTOS BALES OF COTIOS. 

The ninnber brought last year on the IT^atchez was 5,000. 
In the year 1S61 her predecessois brought to this city 
113,000 bales of cotscm, or more Uian dx millions of can 
prodoct. His average annual boaneas has been a'crz: 
one hundred thousand bales. At the same time Cx' .ii- 
Leathers has transported, with a safety and a 1 r 
comfort and faixnry never sijoyed am any '- ^ 

tiie world, many thousands of passengos. I :.-_.- ^ :._ :: 
boast that he never had an exjdoaon or lost a life on any 
boat commanded bj* him. The admiraUe system at ordo-, 
dJi^janeo and oonfort oijqyed by all who travel on his 
boat has been the titeme of constant praise and surprises 
tiiroogfaout tiie Sondiwest ever since he embarked in 
tb? business in which, it may be truly said, he has at- 
j: eminence readied by few in tiieir serial si^ieres 



^ 



iW 



^ 
^ 



ilga 




JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



335 



COL. GEORGE SOULE. 



This gentleman, distinguislied in tbe. educational annals 
of New Orleans, and the presiding officer of an influential 
college, designed and incorporated for the education of 
the future merchants of this great metropolis, was born 
at Barrington, Yates County, in the State of New York, 
May 14, 1834. His great-grandfather, grandfather, father 
and mother, were natives of New York, and of German 
and French extraction. His father, a substantial farmer, 
belonged to that progressive class of tillers of the soil, 
who believed that agriculture, the nursing mother of the 
arts, had not yet reached its highest state of development 
and perfection, and who accordingly availed himself of all 
the improvements with which the discovery of occult laws 
of nature, and the multiplication of mechanical inventions, 
in our day, have enriched this great and controlling branch 
of industry. His mother, a woman of fine intellectual 
powers, is said to have found ample oppoi'tunities for 
their constant exercise in the economy that properly be- 
longs to a farmer's.homestead. His father died when the 
subject of this sketch was but three years old, leaving 
three sons, Andrew, George, and Stephen. 

George, at the age of eleven years, his brothers and the 
family, inclvrding their grandfather, moved to the far West, 
and settled in Illinois, about fifty miles north of Chicago. 
He had no taste for a farmer's life, but a decided passion 
for books, and, at this early period, avowed his determina- 
tion to aim at something higher than was attainable by 
the sturdy pioneer settlers on the prairies of Illinois. Ac- 
cordingly, at the age of fifteen years, he bid farewell to his 
rural occupations, for the purpose of prosecuting his edu- 
cation with a view to a more extended sphere of useful- 
ness. At the age of nineteen years lie graduated at the 
Sycamore (Illinois) High School. 

In 1854 he removed to St Louis, Missouri, where he con- 
tinued, under private tutors, his scientific studies, and be- 
came quite a proficient in Natural Philosophy, Mathe- 
matics and Chemistry. "While at St. Louis he attended a 
course of Lectures at McDowell's Medical College, and 
gave some attention to the study of medicine, but, for 
want of means, was forced to abandon his medical course. 

During much of the time, while prosecuting his educa- 
tion, he was compelled to engage in various occupations in 
order to obtain the necessary means to meet his expenses, 
and, while acting as a collector for a Commission 
and Grocery House in St. Louis, made himself acquainted 
with the whole routine of office business and mercantile 
affairs, and, in the latter part of 1855, resolved to devote 
his life to the profession of teaching the commercial 
sciences. In order to prepare himself more thoroughly 
for this duty, he entered, in the beginning of 1856, Jones' 
Commercial College, at St. Louis, and in the Fall of the 
same year, he graduated in Commercial Science and Com- 
mercial Law, removed to New Orleans, and in December, 
1856, founded the Commercial College, which bears his 
name. 

For the next two years he realized, as a teacher and 



practical accountant, but little more than was sufficient, to 
meet his rent and absolute necessities. These two years 
were the dark periods in the history of the institution. 
During this time he devoted much attention to reading, 
observation, inquiry, and the storing of his mind with 
practical information, which could be turned to immediate 
and future account. A Commercial College of high order 
was a desideratum in this metropolis, and he was ambitious 
to meet, in all respects, the popular demands in respect to 
such an institution. 

In 1859 his ability and fidelity as a first-class teacher of 
commercial science were generally recognized, and secured 
for him extensive patronage, and a good and constantly in- 
creasing income, up to the Spring of 1862, when he en- 
tered the service of the Confederate States, leaving the 
management of his institution to one of his instructors, 
who closed it upon the surrender of New Orleans to the 
Federal Army. 

He entered the Southern Army as Captain of Company 
A, Crescent Regiment, from New Orleans, and served 
through the war with much reputation. At the battle of 
Shiloh he was captured, and spent five months, as a 
prisoner of war, on Johnson's Island. He was twice pro- 
moted, first to the rank of Major, and then to that of Lieu- 
tenant Colonel. 

In 1864, by reason of the casualties of war, his regiment 
was consolidated, and he was appointed Superintendent 
of the Labor Bureau for the Trans-Mississippi Department 
of the Confederate States of America, which position he 
held until the surrender of the Confederate Army. He 
then returned to New Orleans, and, on the lUth July, 1865, 
re-opened his Commercial College, and prosecuted with re- 
newed energy the great enterprise to which he had origi- 
nally dedicated himself. During the war he had lost his 
library, his college furniture, and what money he had left 
in bank, and on his return was again forced to commence 
his operations from a new stand-point, which afi'orded but 
little encouragement except to a man of indomitable en- 
ergy, who was determined to command success by his own 
merits. 

From the re-opening of his institution to the present time 
his popularity, as a conscientious, faithful instructor, has 
steadily increased, and in consequence of the judicious 
management of his institution, in all its departments, it 
now enjoys the confidence of the Southern people to an 
almost unlimited extent, and annually sends forth large 
numbers of educated young gentlemen, well instructed in 
the principles of Commei'cial Law, Political Economy, of 
Banking, Exchange, of the History of Commerce, and all 
the duties which belong to a thorough accountant and an 
accomplished merchant. 

The institution was chai-tered by the State Legislature 
in 1861. It is a member of the International Business 
College Association, and reciprocates scholarship with all 
the colleges of " the Association," located in thirty-six of 
the principal cities in the States and the Canadas. It em- 
ploys nine Instructors, and matriculates upward of three 
hundred pupils annually. 

In 1860 his business as a teacher, and practicing and con- 



336 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



suiting accountant, convinced him of the need of a more 
thoi'ough and comprehensive treatise on Commercial and 
Exchange Computations, Accounts, Partnership Settle- 
ments, and Commercial Science and Customs, than had yet 
been published, and he therefore determined to address 
himself to the labor of preparing and publishing such a 
work, and actually commenced it at that time, but the war 
intervening, caused a suspension .of the work during its 
continuance ; but, on the conclusion of hostilities, he re- 
sumed the important undertaking, devoting to it all the 
time he could command from his professional duties, and, 
in 1872, he gave to the public the long meditated and skill- 
fully elaborate treatise, in the shape of a large octavo vol- 
ume of 880 pages, executed in the best style of the Ameri- 
can press, under the title of Soule's " Analytic and Phil- 
osophic, Commercial and Exchange Calculator." 

This work is pronounced by competent mathematicians, 
accountants, and business men, to be the g^eat arithmetical 
production of the age. It employs new and comprehen- 
sive methods of computation, using reasons instead of 
rules, and embracing thousands of problems extending 
over the whole field of business life. It also contains some 
300 pages of matter of special interest to merchants and 
practical accountants, and abounds with important discus- 
sions and information pertaining to the laws of trade, the 
customs of merchants, and the history of commercial 
affairs. " It undoubtedly places the author," says Professor 
Cundiff of Kentucky, " in the first rank of mathematicians." 

In 1860 Col. Soule married Miss M. J. Reynolds, a native of 
Mobile, Ala., by whom he has had eight children, of whom 
six are living, five sons and a daughter. He is well en- 
titled to the reputation be has certainly acquired of being 
one of the most successful and distinguished educators 
in the Southern States. To the manners of a courtly 
gentleman he unites the modesty of the man of true science. 

MAYORS OF NEW ORLEANS. 

The following is a list of the Mayors of New Orleans 
who have occupied the office since the acquisition of 
Louisiana by the United States in the year 1803. Pre- 
viously the ofiice corresponding to that of Mayor was held 
under appointment by the French Government, and it was 
by the first Legislature, that met in 1804, that the office of 
Mayor was created 



PiTOT, James, Mayor from 


lOth June, 


1804 to 1806. 


Watkins, John, 




. fi 


om 


1806 to 1807. 


Mather, Jos. 






(( 


1807 to 1812. 


GiROD, N., 






(( 


1812 to 1815. 


McCarthy, Aug., 






u 


181.5 to 1820. 


RoUFFIGJf AC, J., 






ti 


1820 to 1828. 


Pkieur, Dekis, 






u 


1828 to 1838. 


Genois, C, 






it 


1838 to 1840. 


Freret, Wm., . 






u 


1840 to 1844. 


MOXTEGUT, E., . 






u 


1844 to 1846. 


Grossman, A. D., 






u 


1846 to 1854. 


Lewis, John L., 






« 


1854 to 18.56. 


Waterman, Chas. 


M., . 




u 


1856 to 1858. 


Stith, Gerard, 






ti 


1858 to 1860. 


Monroe, John T., 






u 


1860 to 1862. 


Shepley, G. F., (Acting Military), May, 




1862. 


Wbitzel, G., 




July, 




1862. 


French, Jonas H. 




Aug., 




1862. 


Deming, H. C, 




Sept., 




1862. 


Miller, Jas. F., 




Nov., 




1862. 


Hoyt, Stephen, 




July, 




1864. 


QUINCY, S. M., 




May, 




1865. 


Kennedy H., . 




. fi 


•om 


1865 to 1866. 


Monroe, J. T., 




. 


(( 


1866 to 1866. 


Heath, E., Militar 


y Appointee, 


. 


1866. 


Conway, J. R., 


^ 


. fr 


om 


1866 to 1868. 


Flanders, B. F., 


, , 


, 


a 


1868 to 1872. 


WiLTZ, L. A., . 


• • 


, 


(( 


1872 to 1874. 



SHERIFFS. 

parish of ORLEAlfS. 



BT GOVERNORS OP STATE. 

George W. Morgan, from March, 1815, to 9th March, 1835. 

Frkderic BuissON, from 9th March, 1835, to 1st. October, 1838' 

Charles F. Hozey, from 1st October, 1838, to 30th December 
1840. 

Manuel Crczat, Coroner of the Pari.sh of Orleans, acting ei- 
offlcio Sheriff, from 30th December. 1840, to 10th March, 1841. 

office divided. 

appointments by governor a. B. ROMAN. 

Valerien Allain, Sheriff Parish of Orleans, from 10th March, 
1841, to 20th March, 1843. 

John L. Thielen, Sheriff of the District Comt, from lOthMarch, 
1841, to 20th March, 1843. 

L. A. DuCROS, Sheriff of the Coramercial Court, from lOth 
March, 1841, to 20th March, 1843. 

Ursin Bodligny, Sheriff of the Criminal Court, from 10th 
March, 1841, to 20th March, 1843. 



APPOINTMENTS BY GOVERNOR ALEX. MOUTON. 

D. AuGUSTiN, Sheriff of the Parish of Orleans, from 20th March, 
1843, to 24th March, 184G. 

A. S. Lewis, Sheriff of the District Court, from 20th March, 
1843, to 24th March, 1846. 

Emile Lasere, Sheriff of the Commercial Court, from 20th 
March, 1S43, to 9th June, 1845. 

Ar.mand Guyol, Sheriff of the Commercial Court, from 9th 
June, 1845, to 24th March, 1846. 

II. D. Peire, Sheriff of the Criminal Court, from 20th March, 
1S43, to 24th March, 1846. 



BY ELECTION. 
CONSOLIDATED. 

John L. Lewis, from 24th March, 1846, to 3cl December, 1851. 
James P. Freret, from 8th December, 1851, to 28th Xovember, 

185,3. 
M. Marigny, from 30th November, 1853, to 2d November, 1855. 
Jos. Hlety, from 30th November, 1855, to 29th Marcli, 1856. 

(Sampson Blossman, Deputy Sheriff, acting interim.^ 
John 31. Bell, from 29th March, 1856, to 16th November, 1857. 
E. T. Parker, from 17th November, 1857, to 23d November, 
1861. 

office divided. 

Adolph Mazureau. Sheriff Criminal Court from 22d Novem- 
ber, 1861, to 14th June, 1S62. 

John P. Walden. Sheriff Civil Courts, from 23d November, 
1861, to 14th June, 1862. 



interregnum on account of war. 



BY military authority. 

James E. Dunham, trom 21st October, 1S62, to 19th March, 1864. 
Alfred Shaw, from 21st March, 1864, to 21st July, 1865. 
Charles Bienvenu, from 21st July, 1865, to 15th May, 1866. 



BY ELECTION. 

Harry T. Hays, from 16th May, 1866, to 23d November, 1867. 



BY MILITARY AUTHORITY. 

George W. Avery, from 23d November, 1S67, to 1st July, 1868. 



BY ELECTION. 

Thos. L. Maxwell, Sheriff Civil Courts, from 1st July, 1868, 
to 27th November, 1S70. 

E. S. WuRZBURGER. Sheriff Crimmal Court, from 29th June, 
1868, to 23d November, 1870. 

C. S. Sauvinet, Sheriff Civil Comts, from 28th November, 1870, 
to 21st November, 1872. 

J. A. Massicot, Sheriff Criminal Court, from 23d November, 
1870, to 21st November, 1872. 

W. P. Harper, Sheriff Civil Com-ts, from 21st November, 1872, 
to— 

Isaac W. Patton, Sheriff Criminal Court, from 21st Novem- 
ber, 1872, to — 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 







JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 








fsi fMi som^i 



The entrances to the Fair Grounds about three miles from 
the Clay Statue are reached by the street cars which pass 
down Canal to Rampart, down Rampart to Esplanade, and 
down Esplanade towards and near Bayou St. John, being 
the pleasantest railroad ride afforded by the city cars, as 
well as a delightful drive for carriages. By the Gentilly 
gate, or the Mystery entrance, the visitor is introduced to 
a park of 120 acres, (formerly the old Creole Race Course,) 
studded with magnificent oaks, thickly overgrown with 
grass, containing a fine tract in complete order, and all the 
buildings required for fairs, fetes, and exhibitions of all 
kinds. The race course is an ellipse exactly one mile in 
measurement, and from the nature and elevation of the 
gi-ound is usually in good condition. Within the ellipse are 
the Club House of the Fair Groimds, a platform for music 
and dancing, and a base ball park. The Public Stand, built 
by the Jockey Club on the south side of the coui-se, is con- 
sidered the best stand on the continent, being an enormous 
three story pile of graceful and substantial carpentry, 
two stories high, with comfortable seats for more than five 
thousand people, with ample promenades, broad and e'asy 
staircases, roomy saloons, and commanding a view of the 
wholo course and enclosure. The view from the ample and 
lofty ciipola takes in the whole city and its subiu'bs, a love!7 
mingling of rivers, bayoiis, lakes, swamps, forests, gardens, 
streets, shipping, spires, and railroad trains. 

The main building ia appropriated to the exhibition of 



fine and delicate manufactures, paintings, statuary draw- 
ings, musical instruments, machinery for household uses, 
needle work, furniture &c. It is of brick, 200x95 feet, two 
stories high, amply supplied with light and ventilation from 
large doors, lofty windows, and numerous skylights through 
its slate roof. The cost of the building was $70,000. 

At each side of the main building at a distance of fifty 
yards, is a wooden building 206x80 feet, used for agricul- 
tural products, and implements, machines and mechanical 
inventions, often in full operation, and competing articles 
of produce or manufacture. The largest engines and 
machines are stored and exhibited under a shed near the 
principal buildings which covers an area of nearly nine 
hundred square yards. Extensive stables on the north side 
will accommodate more than a hundred horses, and on the 
same side adjoining the grounds is the live-stock fai-m of 
Mr. Slocomb, containing many specimens of thorough-bred 
and imported animals. The deer park is on the east side 
and was improved by Mr. Slocomb at his own personal ex- 
pense. 

Six acres in the south east comer are appropriated to the 
Flower Gardens and Nui'series, under the charge of Mr. 
Joseph MuUer, by whose care and judicious management, 
the garden has become a special attraction. This garden 
now affords to visitors an exhibition of vigorous tropical 
shrubs, flowers, plants and trees not to be found elsewhere 
north of the Gulf of Mexico. The walks are shelled and 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



33D 



the gi'ounds symetrically laid out. The number of speci- 
mens is increasing and the whole garden is undergoing 
constant improvement. 

Attached to the garden and furnished from it is the 
Floral Hall, a walled circular arena, 60 feet in diameter, 
sheltered by canvass and cooled by nvimerous fountains. 
Here during the regular public exhibitions are seen banks 
and pyramids of the rarest and most beautiful flowers 
and vines that grow in the garden, field or forest. 

The Fair Grounds reflect credit upon the Association, for 
their enterprize, zeal and public spirit. They are seconded 
in their laudable and industrious efforts by a generous 
public. Such cooperation will accelerate the attainment of 
the great objects which all should have in view, the main- 
tenance of the dignity of labor, the vindication of the 
worth of brains, and the practical promotion of the pros- 
perity of our State, 

MECHANIC'S AND AGRICULTURAL FAIR ASSO- 
CIATION. 



This body was incorporated in April 1860, " to promote 
and foster improvements in all the various departments of 
agriculture" and for " the promotion and development of 
the mechanical arts and home manufactures in all branches; 
the rearing, development, and impi'ovement of the races of 
useful animals ; the general advancement of rm-al economy ; 
the encouragement of household manufactvu'es and the dis- 
semination of useful knowledge upon such subjects by of- 
fering inducements and premiums therefor." 

The first oSicers of the Association were : G. W. Race, 
Esq., President ; Messrs. C. H. Slocomb, P. A. Rost, and 
H. R. Swasey, Vice-Presidents ; T. D. Harper, Secretary 
and Treasurer ; and I. G. Seymour, C. Patthofi", J. 0. 
Nixon, Luther Homes, Charles Pride, L. Folger, T. N. 
Blake, G. W. Sizer, L. W. Pili6, David H. Fowler, John 
Pembeiton, J. "W. Tilton, Isaac N. Marks, Thomas O. 
Moore, E. E. Kittridge, J. H. Overton and J. Hardesty, 
Directors. 

The first fair was held on the New Fair Grounds in the Fall 
of 1866, the second in January 1868, the third and fourth 
early in 1869 and 1870. The buildings of the Association 
were burnt in the Spring of 1871 and the Fail", necessarily 
postponed, was held in the Fall of that year. The Fair of 
April 1872 was eminently successful, giving renewed prom- 
ise of a brilliant future. Besides diplomas and other re- 
wards, premiums to the value of more than twenty thou- 
sand dollars were distributed. 

The Association is to continue twenty five-years. There 
is no room to doubt that its success and marked influence 
will secure a renewal of its term. 

Its ofiicers for 1872, (chosen May 1st) were I. N. Marks, 
President ; C. H. Slocomb, N. E. Bailey, and James Jack- 
son, Vice-Presidents ; Luther Homes, Secretary and 
Treasurer ; and Williamson Smith, L. Folger, J. A. Blaffer 
G. W. Dunbar, A. W. Merriam, Joseph L. Harris, C. A. 
Miltenberger, John Geddes, G. A. Breaux, A. Fortier, E. 
A. Tyler, G. G. Garner, W. B. Schmidt, E. M. Rusha and 
Frederick Wing, Directors. 



CRESCENT CITY SUGAR REFINERY, 



On Tchoupitoulas street, between Julia and St. Joseph 
streets, occupying about half a square, is the enormous 
eight story brick building, which, with several subsidiary 
brick structures adjoining, constitute the Creseent City 
Steam Sugar Refinery, the most substantial, best managed 
and perhaps the largest manufactory of refined sugars in 
the world. Steam power is ingeniously applied wherever 
manual labor can be saved, so that with no more than one 
hundred laborers, results are accomplished, which, with 
less ingenuity, might require five times as many. The 
crude sugar as it comes from the plantation is hoisted by 
steam to the eighth story, and the molasses is pumped by 
steam from a tank or resevoir in the basement. From the 
top the sugar passes downward through the "blow ups," the 
bag filters, coolers, vacuum kettle, mixer, drainers, cutters 
and mill, by a succession of automatic processes, some of 
which are the invention of Adam Thompson, Esq., the en- 
terprising sole proprietor, whose earnest study Las long 
been to improve upon every mechanical conti'ivance by 
which time and labor can be saved. His establishment has 
thereby become the model refinery and the special admira- 
ation of all practical engineers. 

No chemicals are used here in the process of refining, 
the sugar being whitened and purified entirely by filtration 
through charcoal. Of these charcoal filters Mr. Thompson 
has twenty-eight in operation, and intends soon to add 
twenty-three more. They are cylinders sixteen feet high, 
and four feet in diameter, compactly filled with bone black 
through which the liquid filters in about thirty-six hours. 
The charcoal, after having been used for several charges of 
liquid, is washed and revivified by burning in a furnace, 
which renews its purifying properties as often as may be 
required. Fifty tons of charcoal are in constant use. 
When in full operation four hmidred and fifty barrels of 
sugar or five hundred barrels of molasses are used, the 
most of which is imported from Cuba. 

The Louisiana molasses cannot be refined by charcoal 
filtration, as it contains sulphur, which prevents the 
whitening action of the bone black. Mr. Thompson has 
therefore provided eight centrifugal mills through which 
it is passed for refining and deoderizing. 

Water is supplied by eight "drove wells," one of which is 
140 feet deep. From these are filled very large tanks and 
cisterns in all parts of the establishment, extending to the 
eighth story and roofs. Pipes descend from these in all di- 
rections, so that in case of fire, the whole can be flooded in 
a few seconds. An extensive coo]ierage supplies the man- 
ufactory with barrels, &c., for refined sugars and syrups, 
besides making large numbers for the outside market. 

The products of this establishment have become noted 
in American and foreign markets an i the demand for them 
has so increased as to make an enlargement necessary. 
For his enterprize, energy and talents, the liberal and pub- 
lic-spirited proprietor merits the gratitude of all our cit- 
izens, and he is held in especial esteem by all who seek the 
development of Southern resoui-ces. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



m 



sJBe 



Natchez ^Yicksburg Packet. 





3m 






mmmd 



^ 4> 



^- 



Length of HuU, 
Width of Beam, . 
Depth of Hold, 
Diameter of Wheel, 
Length of Bucket . 



307 Feet. 

. 44 " 

10 " 

. 44 " 

16 " 



Eight Boilers, 34 feet long— 

40 Inches diameter and 2 Flues. 
Two 34 inch Cylinders, 10 feet Stroke. 
Extreme Height, 119 feet, 6 inches. 
Capacity for 5,500 hales cotton. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



CRESCENT MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, 



e,©)]lHl!a &W ^AMF STIEET 



eOMMESCIJ 



II vjiMji IK HI 



Incorx^orateca. in. 184.9. 




ASSETS, $732,129 40. 






JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 




^^j^ 






565 St. Cliarles Street, New Orleans." 



4* 






JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



"'"' ^ 5, 



IraiTfrs f iTsutr»tiTrir ^n. 



39 CARONDELET STREET. 




mxfihMM^ 



omcBR.s. 

HARMON DOANE. President. MOSES GREENWOOD, Vice Pres. EDWARD A. PALFREY, Secretary. 



Moses Greekwood, 

W. A. JOHNSOlf, 

JoHX I. Noble, 
JoHX Chaffe, 
Marshall J. Smith, 
Richard Milliken, 



Samuel E. Moore, 
J. J Warrex, 
SiMox Bloch, 
r. t. buckker, 
Perry Nugent, 
Samuel Friedlander, 



TR,XTSXEEES- 

H. Frellsex, 
W. S. Pike, 
H. W. Farley, 
A. A. Yates, 
John I. Adams, 
Isaac Scherck, 



R. M. Walmsley, 
Michael Musson, 
William Morrison, 
John Carroll, 
A. Brittin, 
J. T. Pace. 



JEWELL'S CRESCENT CITY ILLUSTRATED. 



J. LEYOIS & JAMISON 






J. LBVOIS, 


g®m,^ag|@a M©s®l®at* 




8 Me ds Cbateasdan, 




f:4SIS. 



im eilHAL STllET. 



JfJ'W OtitsEAMS. 



Importers of 



igffl Dry ©©©dis 



antl 



GEJ^EfRAL (bEALEfRS IJi 



Amarlcaii Dry 6qq die 



AND 



fOf I 






AT 



WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. 



PHILIP WERLEIN'S 



PIANO, 
OEGAN 



AUD 




MUSIC 



# "Warerooms, 



78. 80, 83 and 90 BARONlSrE STREET. NEW OREEANS, LA. 

Mammoth Stock of Dunham's, Hale's, Chlckering's, Weber'^ Matjuishek's^Grovesleen's, Pleyel's, 
Burchardt's and other renowned 



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u 

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CD 

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CD 

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CD 

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Sold at New York Prices, and on easy terms, if desired. 

AN IMMENSE STOCK OF SHEET MUSIC. 
PIANOS EENTED AND TAKEN IN EXCHANGE. 

THIS IS THE LEADING- MUSIC HOUSE OF THE SOUTH. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



ASSOCIATIONS. 

Page 

Fair Grounds 340 

Fireman's Charitable 40 

Hancock Literary 47 

Howard Charitable 44 

Mechanic's 59 

St. Andrew's Literary 223 

Touro Infirmary 203 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Abram, H 112 

Adams, T. A 04 

Bayne, T. L 108 

Bidwell, D 151 

Bartlett, N 184 

Blanchard, A 1S3 

Bailey, G. W. R 240 

Benton, E. B CI 

Bricljell, E W 171 

Bell, AY. H 308 

Braughn, G. H 304 

Conway, .T. R. (Mayor) (Portrait) . 31 

Campbell, J. A 31 

Casey, J. P 307 

Cavaroc, C 91 

Collens, T. W 103 

Curto, G 184 

Cooley, W. H. (Portrait) ._ 288 

Clapp, T .' 147 

Clarke, T. A 107 

CuUom, E. N 315 

CoUignon, G 172 

Castallanos, H. C 183 

Chiapella, A 1 72 

Davidson, J 180 

De Ferriet, G 43 

Day, J.I 123 

Deere, G. H 132 

Edwards, D. (Portrait) 212 

Flanders, B. F. (Portrait) 43 

Fourchy, P. (Portrait) 04 

Fosdick, G. A. (Portrait) 95 

Fortier, A 110 

Freret, J 127 

Fooshey, C. G. (Portrait) 232 

Fitzenreiter, C 244 

Gayarre, C. (Portrait) 20 

Gibson, R. L 40 

Gaines, Mrs. M. C ir)5 

Hatch, F. H. (Portrait) 104 

Howard, H 96 

Howard, C. T. (Portrait) 107 

Harper, AV. P 244 

Hodgson, AV. L (Portrait) Ill 

Herwig, P. F 207 

Holcombe, W. H 203 

Hunt, R 115 

Higby, L. J 231 

Hennen, A 127 

Hay, A 132 

Huntington, E. W 230 

Irwin, P 171 

Janin, L 115 

Jacobs, H. S 131 

Kellogg, W. P 331 

Kennedy, S. H 104 

Kennedy, P. J. (Portrait) 224 

Kennedy, T. H 27 



^ Page, 

Kenner, D. F 167 

Knapp, Jas 248 

Lewis, Jas 331 

Lacey Geo. S 319 

Leet, ,T. E. (Portrait) 307 

I^afitte 299 

Leacoclv, W.T 144 

Leathers, T. P 332 

Lewis, J. L., Mayor (Portrait) 23 

Lusher, R. M 2IG 

Mott, R 24 

Moynahan. C IG8 

Moynahan, J 35 

Marks, I. N ]1G 

Maybin, .J. A ]20 

Moiu-oe, I. T., Mayor (Portrait) ... 139 

McCann, W 244 

McCluskey, H. (Portrait) 175 

McEnry, J 207 

Mercer, W. X 187 

Moody, S. N 220 

McConnel, J 183 

Montgomery, R. M 308 

McDonough, J 324 

Mulligan, T 215 

New, J. n 128 

Ogden, H. N 211 

Oglesby, J. II. (Portrait) 24 

O'Conor, T 288 

Palmer, B. M G3 

Phillips, A 100 

Prevost, E 108 

Perche, N.J 179 

Price, J. B 151 

Parker, J. M. G 284 

Packard, S. B 99 

Reynolds, L. E 152 

Roselius, C 291 

Randolph, W. M 100 

Rozier, J. A 156 

Ringold.C 119 

Roberts, R 283 

Seymour, I. G 135 

Sambola, A. (Portrait) 304 

Summers, E. H 32 

Semmes, T. J 103 

Sloo, T 123 

Soule, G 335 

Stith, G. (Portrait) , 228 

Stone, Dr. W 251 

Tucker, J. T 67 

Tuyes, J 43 

Taylor, M 23 

Tyler, E. A 88 

Turnbull, A. M 247 

Van Wickle, J. C 99 

Whittaker, J. S 140 

Whittaker, D. K 159 

Whittaker, Mrs. M 124 

Wilmer, J. P. B 128 

Wiltz, L. A. (Portrait) 60 

Wiltz, P.S 07 

Walshe, B. T 119 

Zaeharie, J. W 115 

CARNIVAL SOCIETIES. 

King of the Carnival 08 

Knights of Momus 204 



,r X. , ^ Page. 

Mystick Krewe of Comus 48 

Twelfth Knight Revelers 192 

CHURCHES. 

First Presbyterian 47 

St. John Baptist ig3 

Synagogue, Carondelet street 92 

Temple Sinai 2G7 

FACTORIES. 

Cotton Seed Oil Works .39 

Crescent City Sugar Refinery 339 

La. Cotton Factory -310 

INSURANCE COMPANIES. 

La. Equitable Life 28 

N. O. Insurance Co 163 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Algiers 19 

Academy of Sciences 92 

Crescent City 7 

Ferries 163 

Carrollton 130 

N. O. Gas Light Co 311 

N. O. and its drainage 320 

Sylvester Lamed Institution 323 

Shakespeare Club 1 64 

St. Louis Hotel 143 

Clay Statue 173 

History of New Orleans 11 

Battle Ground 227 

Turf Reminiscences 256 

N. O. Savings Institution 204 

Street Cars 272 

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

Exposition 87 

Moresque 104 

Touro Alms House 39 

New Masonic Temple 36 

PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. 

City Water Works 44 

City Markets 131 

Gas Light Co 28 

PUBLIC SQUARES. 

Annunciation 144 

City Park 223 

Coliseum Place 59 

Douglas Square 139 

Jackson Square 229 

Lafayette Square 99 

Tivoli Circle 28 

Washington Square 112 

THEATRES. 

Academy of Music 164 

Opera House 148 

TRADE AND COMMERCE. 

Chamber of Commerce 1 92 

Bulk Grain trade 190 

N. O. & Spanish America 199 

Fort St. Phillip Canal 170 

Custom House 276 

A. B. Griswold & Co 200 

CoUeitors of the Port - .308 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Asylums. Page. 

Poydras 213 

St. Ann's I97 

Banks. 

America I37 

Accommodation 192 

Citizens 93 

Louisiana National I7 

Mutual National I53 

N. O. Savings Institution 313 

Churches. 

Catliedral 229 

Christ 337 

Immaculate Conception 81 

Saint Patricli 265 

Temple Sinai 125 

Trinity 37 

Factories. 

Edward's Foundry 253 

Louisiana Ice 101 

Louisiana Cotton 185 

Louisiana Sash 2C1 

Lane's Cotton Mills 145 

N. O. Blood Fertilizing 325 

Hotels. 

City 277 

St. Charles 33 

St. Louis 305 

Insurance Offices. 

Crescent Mutual 343 

Factors and Traders" Ins. Co 347 

Louisiana Equitable (Life) 205 

Merchants' Mutual 169 

N. O. Insurance Association 113 

Portraits. 

Beauregard, P. G. T 160 

Bell, W. II 24 

Braughn, G. H 284 

A. S. Badger 32 

Campbell, J. A 96 

Casey, Jas. F 236 

CuUom, E. N ■ 240 

Fitzenreiter, Chas 128 

Harper, W.P 224 

Ilerwig, P. F 176 

Kellogg, W. P 328 

DeLacey. Geo. S 40 

Leathers. T.P 80 

Lewis, Jas 316 

Marks, L N 320 

McCann, W 272 

Mercer, W.N 268 

Moody, S.N 288 

O'Connor, Thos 192 

Palmer, B. M 270 

Parker, G. M 324 

Patton, I. W 232 

Phillipps, A 2G9 

Pinchback, P. B. S 256 

Pike,W.S 112 

Price, J. B 48 

Roselius. C 208 

Stone, Dr. Warren 16 

Turnbull, B. M 144 

Walshe, B. T 304 



Page. 

Wiltz, L. A G4 

Willmer, Bishop 308 

Public Buildings. 

Charity Hospital 201 

City Hall 245 

Cotton Exchange 273 

Court Houses 229 

Custom House 60 

Hotel Dieu 293 

Mechanics' Institute 117 

Mint 257 

Odd Fellows Hall 65 

Parish Prisons 217. 

Residences. 

Ellison, Jos 57 

Oglesby, J. II 233 

Schmidt, W. B 45 

Roberts R 321 

Slocomb, C 149 

Soule, G 333 

Tyler, E. A • 345 

Walshe, B.T 249 

Schools. 

Peabody Normal 241 

Sylvester Lamed 285 

Steamers. 

Alabama (Steamship) 297 

Natchez (Steamboat) ' 341 

Stcyres. 

Blessing, S. T 77 

Flash, Lewis & Co 309 

Gonzales, F. A 65 

Griswold, A. B. & Co 105 

Grunewald, L 237 

Hart, E. J. & Co 161 

Hedrick, M. S 317 

Holmes, D. II 29 

Levois & Jamif on 349 

Montgomery. R. M. & B. J 329 

Moresque Building 141 

Schmidt & Zeigler 53 

Slocomb & Baldwin 41 

Story Building 133 

Touro Building 25 

Tyler. E. A 89 

Walshe, B. T. (Exterior) 97 

Walshe, B. T. (Interior) 129 

Theatres. 

Academy of Music 269 

National 189 

Opera House 281 

St. Charles 209 

Varieties 69 

Views. 

Bird's Eye of City 9 

Canal Street 301 

Cl.ay Statue 1 "3 

Cotton Exchange 273 

Fair Grounds 340 

Frendi Market 13 

Gas Office 289 

Grain Elevator 63 

Jackson Square 229 

Jockey Club House 225 

Lake Protection Levee 181 

La. State Lottery Oflice 177 

Orleans Cotton Press 121 

Race Course Stand 157 

Row Boat Club 109 

Shakespeare Club 165 

Slaughter Houses 221 

Steamboat Landing 21 

Sugar Sheds 49 



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WARE-ROOMS, 







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P^e occupy almost one half of an entire block frontage. Our stock consists of the Largest Collection 
of First=class (Pianos, Square and Upright, Comprising Weber's, Dunliam's, Hale's.. Zeigler's, 

Malhushek & Colibri's, Groyestein's, Pleyel's, Etc., Etc., which will sell for cash at low 

prices, and on monthly payments, if preferred, with full guarantee. 



©m®A 



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e 



Our stock consists in J^eedham's World=renowned Organs, which are the best manufactured, and 
sold at prices not higher than those of many inferior Organs. 



Whoever purchases a (Piano or Organ without first calling on or writing to us, for our prices and 
terms, acts without reasonable prudence and care. 



We hare Second-hand Pianos guaranteed at $125 to $225. New Pianos, 

different grades in price, from $290 to $600. 

PHILIP WERLEIN, 






No. UGarondelet St., New Orleans, La. 



(CAPITAL, $500,000.) 
^-►-^ 



Premiums for the year ending 31st August, 1872. 
On Fire Eiska, .... $152,207 75 
On Marine Risks, .... 23,819 90 

On River Eisks, 62,72i J3 

$238,749 98 

Ee-insurances, Taxes, etc,. $132,256 00 

Losses paid during the year: 
On Fire Eisks, .... $ 62,017 61 
On Marine Risks, .... 18.116 07 

On Biver Kisks, 15,555 99 

$ 85,689 67 

He-insurances and Rebate, . $ 27,168 41 
^axes and General Expenses less 
interest, and Contingent Fund, 6.998 83 

$ 34,167 29 

Reserved for unadjusted losses, 12,400 00 

Net Profits on past years business, 61,314 63 

The Compaiiy have the following 

ASSETS: 

Stock Notes $303,182 00 

Bills Receivable for premiums and for 

Loans secured by pledge, .... 178,978 69 

Insurance Script 290 00 

Premiums in course of collection, . . 19,582 67 

Cash on hand 62,279 78 

Invested In Bank, Insurance and other 

Btocka, Bonds, etc., cost, 80,892 67 

Total, . . • . $585,205 61 



JAMES A. WHITE, LLOYD E. 
Secretary. 



COLEMAN, 

President. 



STATE OF LOUISIANA, ) 
City of New Orleans. J 
The Board of Trustees declared the following 
profits, to-wit: 
Interest on paid in Capital, Ten per centl 
Dividend on paid in Capital, Nine per cent II 
Dividend on earned Premium, Twenty-four p. c.lll 



TUXJSTEES. 



0. W. Allen, J. E. Campbell, 

A. J. Aiken, Lucieu J. Doize, 

J. A. Braselman, Fred Ernest, 
W. T. Blakemore, Ben. Gerson, 



I. Bloom, 
0. H C. Brown, 
Louis A. Wiltz, 
Samuel Boyd, 
John D. Cobb, 
Geo. W. Church, 



C. A. Greeu, 
J. I. Dunnier, 



J. A. Lane, 
Robert L. Moore, 
John Myers, 
T. S. Waterman, 
H. J. MuUan, 
Edward Nalle, 



Lloyd R. Coleman, Edward C. Payne, 
I. L. Haas, G. W. SenteU, 

T. H. Hunt, W. B. Thompson, 

Jas. S. Lanphier, Fred. Wing, 



J. Davidson HiU, C. W. Wood. 



EDWAED MLIEIf ill, 

95 C-A.lSr.A.Ij STUEET- 



DEALER IN FINE 



SILVER & SILVER-PLATED WARE, 



\^ATCHES AND JeWELRY C^^^FULLY 

J^EPAiRED. Diamonds J^e-set in 

'Phe Latest gTYLES. 
^LL 'Work Pully Quaranteed. 

<<!»>»' 

Agents for tlie Celelsrated Diamond Specks. 



Teutonia Insurance Factor's & Trader's 



111 GRAVIER STREET. 



Insures against Fire, Marine and River 
Risks, at Lowest Tariff Rates. 

A. EDIER BADER, President. 

CHAS. EKGSTFELD, Vice President. 
GEO. STROMEYER, Secretary. 



First fiscal year; premituns rec*d. 



$187,126 72 



Fire, marine and river losses paid, $34,647 69 

Ke-in'B, Rebates, expenses, etc., 49,353 85—134,001 64 



$53,124 18 
Total amount of assets .... $794,91918 
Declared: Interest on capital paid in 10 per cent. 
Dividend on capital paid in 8 per cent. 
Dividend on premiums paid 16 per cent. 

TE.XJSTEES. 



Henry Abraliam, 

Louis Sclineider, 

Jos. Keller, 

N. A. Banmgarden, 

R. Sieg, 

C. H. JVmier, 

H. Eicke, 

J. M. Schwartz, 

H. PoMmanu. 

M. Frank, 

X.Weissenback, 

F. Roder, 



S. Katz, 

A. Eimer Bader, 
W. B. Schmidt, 
Theo. Lilienthal, 

E. F. DelBondio, 
Isaac Scherck, 

S. L. Nasits, 
Chas. Eugstfeld, 
Louis Schwarz, 

F. Rickert, 

H. R. Gogreve, 
J. R. Wilderraaim, 



Mutual Insurance 

C O 3VE I» ^^ 3>r IE" . 



61 CAMP ST., cor. Commercial Alley. 



Paid up Capital, SiOO,( 



Assets at their Casli Value, 



$659,000.00 



Dividends on Participating Premiums for 1872, 

so PER. CEKTT. CA-SH. 

Dividends on Stock lO Per Cent. 



Ttds old and reliable Company are issuiag 
Policies on Fire, Rivf.r, and Marine risks 
at the lowest rates. All losses promptly 
adjusted and settled, upon the most favor- 
able terms. 

JAMES I. DAY, Pres. 

HORACE CARPENTER, Sec. 



Ia3.s»ij.a:*£irioe Oo. 



1<TE"V7' OE.IL.B.A.KrS. 



No. 37 GARONDELET STREET. 



£^€QEPQSai'ED t^ iB&f, 



CASH CAPITAL, 



$1,000,000. 



^SSETS, ^PRIL 30. 1872, ^1,385,241.86 

The following is a synopsis of the progress 
and annual results of the Company from its or- 
ganization. Its assets and cash dividends paid, 
to-ioit: 

IntcreBt, Prcm. 
AaieU DividcDdB, Oiv'ds, 



John's Restaurant, 

NEW ORXjEA-NS. 

JOHN STRENNA, Proprietor. 

Every delicacy of the season served in the 

most elegant style and the finest Wines and 
Liquors constantly on hand. 



AprU, 30, 1867- 


-(8 


mos.) 


$ 640,816 91 


10 p.c. 




•• 1808 






605.984 18 


10 p. c. 


15 p ,,. 


" isr.9 






777,800 67 


10 p.c. 


60 p.c. 


" •' 1870 






1,003,027 34 


10 p.c. 


65 p.c. 


■• ■• 1871 






1,040,676 67 


10 p.c. 


60 p.c. 


•■ ■• 1872 






1,385,241 80 


10 p.c. 


40 p.c. 



Making Six Interest Dividends of ten per 
cent, per annum, payable semi-annually, in No- 
vember and May, and an average Premium Div- 
idend of thirty-six and two-tMrds per cent, for 
vast six years. 



ED. A. PALFKET, Sec. 



HARMON DOANE Pres. 
M. GHEENWOOD, Vice Pres. 



TRXJSTT»|-BS. 



Moses Greenwood. 
W. A. Johnson, 
John I. Noble, 
John Chaffe. 
Richard MiUiljen, 
Samuel E. Moore, 
J. J. Warren, 
Simon Blocli, 
R. T. Bucknor, 
Samuel Friedlander, 
H. Frcllsen, 
W. S. Pike. 

Wm. C. 



i. A. Tates, 
John I. Adams, 
Isaac Scherck, 
K. M. Walmsley 
M. Musson. 
iVm. Morrison, 
Joseph W. Carroll, 
A. Brittin, 
jr. T. Pace. 
A. H. M5y, 
8. H. Suowden, 
*\ Lytt Lyon, 
Raymond. 



LOAN OFFICE 

48 St. CHARLJEiJ ST. 

[Corner GSHVI^S.i 



MONEY LOANED on all kinds of SecuritieB, 



Diamonds, Watches, Jewelry. Etc. 

A-LWA-YS els' HA-KHD Sc FOR SLAX^ia 



|TllTiON[R, |lTHOGRIIPllEII, 

—AND— 



Union Insurance Co. 



OF 



NEW ORLEANS. 



JjrO. 3 OA-ROISTIDELBT STREET, 

(Next doo? to the Uoion Baak.) 

Between CANAL and COSUION Streets. 



Incorporated 3d March, 1857. 



CASH CAPITAL, $250,000, FULL PAID. 



Losses Promptly Adjusted and Paid. 



Said Companj Insure llpinst 
the fisks of Mafine, Fire & River, 



A. Chiapella, 



Fresicleiit. 



J. M. Crawford, 

Secret3.ry. 



SEW OBLBillS 

MutuailnsuranceCo 



PfFICE cor. P/t/VlJ= AND p^J^^j^ ^TS., 



C-A-FIT-A-H,, 



;soo,ooo. 



Assets Dee. 31, 1371, $694,579.90. 



Insures Fire, Marine and Biver Kisks, 
dividing the profits on each department 
separately to tlie insured. 

For tlio accommodation of its customers, 

tlic Company will make Marine Losses 

payable in London. 

J. TUYES, President. 

J. W. niNCKS, Secretary. 



rilltECTOSiS. 



Geo. Urquhart, 
C. T. Diigazon, 
G. AV. Babcock, 
T. Bailly Blanchard, 
A. Schreiber, 
.1. Latitte, 



M. Payro, 
Placido Forstall, 
Ang. Reichard, 
E. Miltenberger, 
W. B. Sclimidt, 
J. Tuyes. 



Mutual Insurance 

COMPANY. 



Incorporated in 1849-Conseqnentlj is now in its 



The oldest Mittual Insurance Company in the State. 

It commenced at a time when the Trade of the city waa 
IcBs tliau a moiety of its present extent. 

It passed throuijh the eventful and disastrous years o* 
the war — meeting promptly every claim — and paying it3 
annual interest with undcviating punctuality. 

Including the yearsof the war — and two y.iirs when it 
passed its dividends — its average annual dividend for 
twenty-three years ending April 3uth, 1872, is 

Thirty-Foni and Five-Eighths per cent. 34?; per cent 
Average for past six years, . . <i '-ic per cent 

It has received for premiums and interest $14,857,939 03 
It has paid for Losses, Ite-Insurancc, Ex- 
penses, etc., including losses by the war, 10,274,415 53 



Leaving net profit for 23 years. 



$ 4,583,523 60 



Assets, 



§732,129.40 



TR.XJSTEES. 



THOMAS A. ADAMS, 
SAM'L B. KEWJIAN, 
S. H. KENNEDY. 
C. T. DUDDECKE, 
JOUN PHELPS, 
P. n. FOLEY, 
A. G. OBEK. 
ADAM THOMSON, 
E. H. SUMUEES, 
HENRY ABRAHAMS. 
P. N. STRONG, 
VICTOR MEYER, 
JOSEPH BOWLING, 
ED. J. GAY. 



JNO. M. SANDIDGE, 
SIMON HERNSHEIM, 
SIMON FOKCHEIMEB, 
JOS. B. WOLFE, 
B. B. POST, 
R. T. TORIAN, 
ED. PILSBURY, 
JNO. E. KING, 
CHAS. E. SLAYBACK, 
FRED'K CAMERDEN, 
DAVID WALLACE, 
J. L. H.\ER1S. 
ANDREW STEWART, 

THOMAS A. ADAMS, President. 
SAMX B. NEWMAN, Vice Pre«. 



HENEY N. OGDEN, Sec'y. 



T. LILIENTHAL'S 

Photographic Gallery, 

131 POYDRAS ST. 

Between St. Charles and Camp Sts. 

NEW ORLEANS, LA. 



I©! 41¥ f UlliiO 

Commissioner of Deeds, 

For Texas, Illinois, Mississipi and other States. 

Passports Procured from the State Department in 

Washington. 

34 EXCHANQE ALLEY, 

PARLE'S SALOON, 

•ill m. OHAiiiis wi. 



ifide £nlrancs, 145* GHAVIBR STREET. 

lsrE"W^ ORL,E.A.ITS. 



fi.. f/lj<.y.f:, f ROP'r. 



M^, F. M, MM^^FP, 

DENTIiT 

19 Baronne Street. 



3) 



Particular attention to the preservation of 
Decayed Teeth. He has the newly Improv- 
ed Liquid, Nitrous Oxide Gas, which is 
superior to the gas heretofore used. Being 
perfectly pure, less is requued to produce 
insensibility to pain and no possible injury 
can result to the patient from its use. Dr. 
Kn.ipp ^\ill explain its advantages over other 
anesthetics to Surgeons and to those who 
may wish teeth extracted without pain. 



(Successor to J. 31. JOEXSTON,) 

Wholesale Grocer, 

COMMISSION MERCHANT, 

^nd Sealer in 

Western Predmcej 

Q5 DECATUR ST., 

ISTE-^^ OIII.EA.N'S. 



S. T. BLESSING. 

Kear cnAETEES, Opposite the Fountain, 

New Orleans, La. 



DEALER IN 



iibums, 



Pictures, 



Stereoscopes, 



Frames, 



Etc., Etc. 



f]ipjpp^f,fji]p pppp^ Pf ^Xpj^Y 



pp^pmjpi^- 



t) f^^9 
X03 Oax3.«.1 



HEPEIC 

street. 



H. B. STEVENS. 



DEALER IN 



SEWING MACHINES 

f Em by Hand or Foot. 

RECOMMENDED BY THE MEDICAL FACULTY 

As the only one fit for use by delicate Ladies, on account of its Lightness. 



AIL IMPROe KINDS OF SEWING MACHINES 

ON SALE. 

Our new DOMESTIC Sewing Machine 

JS THE pREATEST '^^''ONDER OF THE ^^GE. 

These Machines are free from all Dangers and Labor encountered in using the old 
feehioned greasy shuttle machines by delicate females; and, instead of injury, their 
use begets health and strength to the Operator. 



You Save $8 to $10 

BY PURCHASING 

SIWING MACHIMl,! 



LADIl 



^ ^ 



HIT 






At OTir NEW and SPLENDID STORE can be found 
a Large Assortment of the Finest 

LADIES' SUITS & UNDER GARMENTS 

OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS, 

at prices which will ASTONISH the Purchaser. 

All manufactured in our Factory, on our Splendid Sew- 
ing- Machines. 



$66 and $66. 

< 

Gen. R. E. Lee, writing under date of January 12th, 
1867, says : " Its simple mechanism, and the experience my 
daughters have had in operating it, makes the 

a great favorite in my family." 



m^ ^ 



SILENT T'WISTED LOOP STITCH 



lf> 



Always in Good Order and l^ady to Sew. 

The only place in the city where all the flrst-class improved 
Sewing Machines are offered for sale. Sewing Machines of all 
kinds repaired. Silk, Thread, Oil and Needles for all Machines, 
at the STOKE lOS CANAL STREET. 

AGENTS WANTED. M. S. HEDRICK. 



itBVEBjS! 



W. V. CLEVELAS6. 




28 & 30 ST. CHARLES STREET, 



(Corner Common Street) 



J MJiJW OJRTiTRAJarS. 



la© ©l@tMmj 



AND 



^a 



s& 



'5fi'?^fe»i^^ ■^ 






LATEST STYLES IN 



m j|pe iii)i 



TRUNKS AND UMBRELLAS. 



"Water I»iToof OlotlalxLS. 



€ti&TMIMQ M^BB WQi @MBES, 



S, N, MOODY, 

Manufacturer of 
And Importer of 

MEN'S FURNISHING GOODS 



Highest 'Premiums at the State Fairs of Lousiana, Texas, Alahama, Mississippi, the Great (Paris 
Exposition of iSdy, and endorsed by thousands of custom-ers who have worn no other 

Shirts for the past Twenty Years. 



SEASONABLE 



UNDER GARMENTS 



Neck Dfessinp, 




tsm 



GLOVES. 



Susgenders, 



Shift Collars 



And Every Requisite for a Gentleman's Toilet. Boys' Shirts and Under Wear. 
Shirts Made to Order in THREE DATS. A Fit Guaranteed. 

Send for Circular, Tape Measure and directions for self^measurem^ent, Gratis. 



NEW ORLEANS. 



The Largest & Best Assorted Stock 



m&m aiii iM©E 



m 



IMm, 6@Qts, Misses Boys & CMIdren's Wear 

IN THE SOUTH, 

OA.TT BE -FOXJlSTTi A.T 

Wm. Hogan's 

99 & 101 CANAL STREET, 

Comprising the Latest FRENCH, ENGLISH and AMERICAN Styles, and at 
prices that defy competition. 

The KRnoNEOus impression tliat goods cannot be sold cheap on Canal street on ac- 
count of high rents, etc.. the public mind should be disabused of. and WM. HOGAN 
begs to offer the following reasons why he can afford to sell first-class goods at ex- 
tremely low prices: 

He buys direct from the manufactuer. 

He buys for cash. 

He buys no auction goods. 

He manufactures largely himself. 

His purchases are made in large lots, at wholesale rates, and he intends to do a 
CASH business, and sell low for cash. 

The CELEBRATED "CABLE SCREW WIRE" SEWED Boots and Shoes can be here found 
In endless variety: as also "Evans Patent American" Combined Boot, Shoe k Gaiter 
to which attention is respectfully invited. 

"^AT- IS/L. n o a- -A. 3sr , 

Manufacturer and Dealer in 

BOOTS, SHOES, TRUNKS, VALISES and BAGS. 

SEWING MACHINi:S 
Agent for the Remington, Empire and Gold Medal. 



FREDERICKSON & HARTE. 



WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 







99 Ss lOl C-A.ISr.A.L STREET, 



3SrO. XS9 C.A.3Sr.A.L STS-EET, 
(TouRO Buildings.) 



Importers and. Dealers in 

Rare Chemicals, Chemical Apparatus, 

Pure Drugs, Essential Oils, 

Perfumery, Mineral Waters 

Surgical Instruments, Of All Kinds, 
Electric and Galvanic Batteries. 



Orders Promptly filled at Lowest Market Rates. 
TERMS CASH. 



139 <D.A.lSr.A.Tj Smi-ESnEST, 



ILLINOIS CENTRAL R. R. 

And Blue Line, Via Cairo, 

WILL TAKE FREIGHT FROM 
NEW ORLEANS, 

On First-Class Steamers, 
LEAVING DAILY, AT 5 O'CLOCK P. M., 

For Cairo, Chicago, and all Points North, 
West & East, 

AT THE LOWEST RATES. 



All rates, and all tlirough bills of lading from New 
Orleans by above route, given, signed and recognized 
only at the General Office of this Company. NO 36 
CAItONDELET STREET. 

JA]VIES T. TUCKER, 

General Agent 



NASH & HODGSON, 



l»Pj|@Hlti!?§ 



For tlie Pnrchase, Sale, and Leasing of 

City Property, Plantations and Lands, 

For the Sale ot Cargoes, Slocki, Cotton, rornlture. Scrips, etc., 
3sro. S CA.R.OKri3EL,ET ST., 

.^-Out door sales of every description promptly attended to. 



SPORTSMEN'S DEPOT. 




F* €M^MIiEVmE,E9 



ITO. 55 ST. CHA-KLES ST.. IST. O. 

Supplies for Hunters and Fishermen. 

EVEBT DESCEIPnON OF 

Guot, Rinai, Plitoli k Amunltlon ; Flihlng Tickle ol all Mode. 

BepalrlDE bj Best Workmeo. 
) 



ILLINOIS CENTRAL R. R. 

100 Miles the Shortest Route to Chicago. 
30 Miles the Shortest Route to St. Louis. 

NO CHANGE OF CARS 

PfomCaifotoSti Louis Of Ctiicap, 

Only One Change of Cars from Cairo to 

Buflalo, Baltimore, Pittsburgh, Phil.idel- 
phia, Niagra Falls. Washins'toii. Xew Vork. 
Boston, and all Points East. Milwaukee Si. 
Paul, and all Points North. 

This is the only direct route to Peoria. Bur- 
lington, Qulncy, Rook Isl.and, Dtilmque, 
Keokuk, Sioux City, Omaha and all Points 
North-west. ELEGANT DRAWING- 

ROOM SLEEPING CARS on all Night 
Tr.ains. 

j8®"For Tickets and imformation, apply at the N. O. J 
& Gt. N. Tickol Office Corner Camp ami Common Sts, 
under City Hotel and at the N. O. M. k T. Ticket Office 
opposite City Hotel ; on hoard Transit Steamer between 
Columbus and Cairo, and at the principal R. R Ticket 
Offices throughout the South. 

W. p. JOHNSON, 

Gen*l Passenger Agent, Chicago 

A. MITCHELL, 

Gen'l Superintendent, Chicago 

J. T. TUCKER. 

Gen'l Southern Agent New Orle«n», 

B. F. LONGLET 

Southern Passenger Agent, N.O. 

\ 



W. W. lATASHBURN, 

^rtiBt-|)ho{ograj|Itcr, 
No. 113 CANAL ST., NEW ORLEANS, LA., 

The leading American Artist, whose elegant establishment, 

OPPOSITE THE CLAY STATUE, 

Still retains over Twenty-eight Thousaiul Negatives of persons whose pictures he has taken during the past ten years conies. 

of which can be had, upon application, iit any time. > r >-^ 

ONLY FIRST-CLASS WORK 

Is (lone afthis Gallery, and in price he does not competo with any other establishment; those who wish cheap work go elsewhere 

but no Southern gallery equals our style of work, wliich embraces 

iPlain and Colored Pliotographs, 

Crayon IPortraits (very durable,) 

India Ink Likenesses, Oil Paintings, &c. &c. 



f » HMliASeiM© P#M*BAIWI 



Of deceased persons is a special branch witli us. 

1^" A cordial invitation extended to all to visit our Gallery 



147 CAWAli BTBHBT I47 



BETWEEN BOURBON AND DAUPHINE, NEW ORLEANS, LA., 



ii 



THE ORIGINAL '^ 



(GKIEAT SOUTMIEffil BOILLAE 8f OME, 

0. ERLEBACH & A. CHAEDEY, Proprietors, 

Take this method to inform the public in this city and neighboring States, and our numerous friends in the country, that they have 
opened at the old and well-known store, 

147 CANAL STREET, 

With a large and well-selected stock of 

Silvep-Plated Wares, ' 

Je^A'■elry, Cutlery, Leather Goods, 

Bohemian Glass and Parian Wares, 
Curved Wood Goods, 

Ladies' and Gent's Furnishing and Fancy Goods, 
And Toys of every description. 

Retail Price, $1.00 a Piece. 

A liberal discount allowed to dealers, who will find it to their advantage to call and examine our Stock, before purchasing elsewhere. 

, 147 CANAL STREET 147 



^ 



NEW ORLEANS 




JACKSON & GREAT NORTHERN 

R^ILRO^HD. 



H. S. McCOMB, President. S. 11. EDGAE, Tice-Presiclent. 

E. S. CHAELES, Secretary. E. D. FEOST, Superintendent. 

S. E. CAEET, General Passenger and Ticlvet Agent. 



QUICKEST LINE OF TEAVEL 

FROM NEW ORLEANS 

To all the Great Commercial Cities and Resorts of Pleasure in the 

UNITED STATES & CANADA. 



The greatest variety of Routes to the same place is presented to the choice of the Traveler, aflfording 
aim the opportunity of interspersing his journey with Water Travel, or selecting the short and swift 

ALL RAIL LINE. 



SLEEPINa CARS OlT ALL NIGHT TRAINS. 

THROUGH TICKET OFFICE, 

COR. CAMP AND COMMON STREETS, UNDER CITY HOTEL. 

(See Engraving of City Hotel.) 

Passengers can procure Tickets at the Depot i)revious to the 

leaving- of the Cars. 



/ s