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SHALIJINO'S ATIM'.ETIG ^IBKAKV 

No. ■ 213 



The Olympic Games 
At Athens 

1906 

BY 

JAMES E. SULLIVAN 

ami:ruan commissioner to the Olympic games 




published by the 

American Sports Publishing Company 

21 WARREN street, NEW VORK 




HIGHEST AWARDS 

'I'Sy 'Of"- SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 

GRAND PRIZE /<|S^ GRAND PRIX 

ST. LOUIS ("(SPAIOINI,)-) PARIS 

1^04 V<J™>/ 1900 




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BRITISH SPORTS PIBLISHING COMPANY, 

2 AND 3 HIND COURT. FLEET STREET 
LONDON, E. C. 

Publishers of Spalding's Athletic Library 
(Enolish Edition) 



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ISITORS from America or from the Continent 
who are interested in athletics are cheerfully 
invited to call at the office of the British 
Sports Publishing Company, 2 and 3 Hind Court, ^ 
^ Fleet Street, London. On file there can be found -^ 
American papers from the principal cities, as well as 
the leading journals devoted to sports athletic pub- 
lished in Great Britain and on the Continent, and 
where information will be given in relation to the 
sports of the world. 



BRITISH SPORTS PlIBLISHIING COMPANY, 

JAMES E. SULLIVAN, Chairman. 
WM. C. J. KELLY, Secretary and Ma, 

2 AND 3 HIND COURT, FLEET STREET 
LONDON. E. C. 



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S] A. C. SPALDING & BROS. (? 

New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 

Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal. Canada London, England Hamburg, Germany 



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IN all athletic contests the implements and ^^k^^^?^" 
apparatus must conform to the official rules ^^1 M M | 
as laid down by the governing bodies of the ^*^ • » < 
various sports, the object being to enable all contestants to com- 
pete under uniform conditions and with the same kind of an impl 
ment, for a record in any sport will not be allowed unless tl. 
official implement is used. That is why Spalding implement" 
are always selected, because they never vary in weight c' 
measurement, but invariably conform to the rules. 




THE above illustration shows the Stadium at St. Louis, In whic' 
the Olympic Games of 1904 were held. The field, which wa^ 
designed and equipped by A. G. Spalding & Bros.^ was declar 
by experts to be the most perfect outdoor athletic plant ever built 




lAL T' 

tijn.!^ „(,h 



HE officials of the Louisiana Purchase 
Exposition, recognizing the imixjrtance 
the OLYMPIC GAMES and the value of 
• ablishing authentic Olympic records, selected Spalding Athletic 
^plements for exclusive off.cial use in connection with the 
Jlympic Games (held in the Stadium of the Exposition, from 
Viay to November) because of their acknowledged superiority, 
eliability and official standing. For over a quarter of a century 
\. G. Spalding & Bros.' implements have been officially used. 




pflE buil<li"p: in thebacktrroiind istheMoilel Gyinna.siuin, which 
•^ was entirely equipped by A. G. Spalding & Bros, with an 
<hibit that was pronounced a model one by American and 
luropean experts and the International Jury of the Exposition. 





SPALDIXC'S ATUMaiC LIKRAKY. 



THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF 1906 



Tlic mnrning of April 22, 1906, was the dawning of a day 
long to be rememberod. It was the opening day of the Olympic 
(iames — a day long awaited by the Greek nation. All roads lead- 
ing to Athens saw wagons wending their way to the city. It 
was not rare to see a band of peasants being drawn in a wagon 
to which was attached a donkey, an ox, and a mule. Every street 
leading to the Stadium was thronged with people, all good- 
natin-ed and orderly. An excited murmur seemed to be through 
the city. Occasionally a cheer would be heard. Cabmen were 
brushing up their carriages in view of their coming afternoon 
trade and the fancy prices they were going to get. 

As early as noon the carriages began to roll toward the 
Stadium and drop their human freight about 100 yards from-n;he 
gate, for only the equipages of the royal family were allowed 
10 cross the bridge of Illisos, the scene of greatest excitement. 

i housands of people were standing around the bridge and near 
the entrance to the Stadium. 

The main feature was the foustanellofori, or evzoni (the 
King's bodyguard), with their skirts and peculiar uniforms. 
They were stretched from the Stadium entrance in two long 
lines facing one another, leaving between the two lines a lane 
;il)oul ten feet wide through which the royal family passed. The 
bnnds of music were allowed to lake their places in the Stadium. 

Thousands of .soldiers were being marched in, not to keep or- 
der — that was not nccessarj- — but as the Stadium is built be- 
tween three hills, and as the top row of seats just reached those 
hills — where thousands congregated daily — it was found neces- 
sary to have the top row of seats guarded by soldiers, to prevent 
ihe people on the hills from stepping over the marble wall. 

Tlic placing of the soldiers was very interesting. What an 
imposing spectacle they made when they took their positions. 

Tramp, tramp, they would come marching up to the top row of 
seats. Here they were stretched, shoulder to shoulder, around 
the upper wall, thousands of them, with their peculiar uniforms, 
their heads just showing against the sky. One can imagine how 
many there must have been when it is known that the upper outer 
wall of the Stadium measures over on'e-third of a mile in circum- 




HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE CONSTANTINE. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 7 

fercnce. So picture a third df a mile of soldiers up in the skies 
— just like so many birds on the bouyh of a tree. It was a 
picture that many photographers were quick to recognize as 
unique. 

When the guard was placed around the top of the Stadium 
the people were allowed to come in. There was a mad rush for 
seats. The management had the iron gates removed and thou- 
.sands entered by holding their tickets over their heads. There 
were four entrances, two being for holders of tickets in the lower 
tiers of seats, the other two l)eing for holders of tickets in the 
upper tiers, the latter ascending an outside marble stairway, 
built exclusively for them. Thousands could not buy tickets 
and joined the army of spectators that stood on the hills, on 
the bridge and along the streets, waiting to see the royal family 
arrive. 

hrom the moment the royal family left the Palace in their 
carriages there was a long continued cheer that only ceased when 
they were comfortably seated in the royal box. 

What an imposing spectacle it was as the royal family drove 
up between the bodyguard of evzoni under the arch of the 
Stadium gates. As they were escorted up the infield by the 
committee and jurymen, 50,000 people stood up to greet them. 
So loud were the cheers that the national airs could hardly be 
heard. 

Tt was 3:15 p. m. when the royal party entered the Stadium. 
The crowds rose to their feet and were trying to get a glimpse 
of their majesties. His Majesty King George came first, wearing 
a simple admiral uniform, accompanying his sister, the Queen 
.Alexandra of England. Then came His Majesty King Edward 
of England, accompanied by Queen Olga of Greece. They were 
followed by -the Crown Prince Constantin and the Princess of 
Wales, the Prince of Wales and the Princess Sophia, Prince 
George and Princess Victoria, Prince Nicolas, Prince Andrew, 
the Princess Helen and the Grand Duke Boris, brother of Prin- 
cess Helen. 

The members of the royal family bowed to the right and left 
in recognition of the cheering and standing people in the Stadium. 
Flags were waved in a frantic manner. The fringe of soldiers 
around the top row of seats stood saluting, the naval officers 
stood back of the throne in salute. The cheers grew louder and 
louder — not only the people in the Stadium were cheering, but 
all Athens was cheering. 

No wonder the King smiled and bowed to his people during 
his walk of two hundred yards through the mass of people who 
so madly cheered him. 




HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE GEORGE, 
High Commissioner and Governor-General of Crete. 



'riic opening of llic games was a sight that pleased not only 
the King, but tlio hundreds of foreign officials who had helped 
organize the Olympic Games in their respective countries, and 
had come to the city of'Athens to see how the Athenians would 
celebrate their event. Never before in the history of athletics 
has there been such a sight. To think that close on to loo.ooo 
people would be in and .nbout the Stadium to witness the opening 
ceremonies ! 

As a contrast to the intense cheering- there was complete 
silence when the Crown Prince stepped forward in front of the 
ihrone and in an impressive manner read the following address 
tn the King: 

'S'orK M.xjKSTv: The committee, whose president I am, in- 
duced by the law that gave us the charge and the preparation 
111' the Olympic Games, has invited to the Stadium, which was re- 
built in its ancient beauty by a patriotic Greek citizen, all the 
nations that regard athletics and gymnastics as the progress and 
inducement of civilization. We are grateful to-day, seeing that 
our pains have been crowned with success by the presence of 
international teams which are set before Your Majesty and the 
King of the strong United Kingdom of England. 

(irecce opens its arms to receive the best in rank of physical 
education, those who came here from all over the civilized world. 
The Stadium is broadened during these days in a universal 
Stadium, where the victory will spread its laurels on the heads 
of the best of the nations. In whatever country the victors will 
carry the prize of their worthy victorj'-, .we hope they will not 
forget that we have crowned their lieads with laurels from 
Olympia, that have grown by the banks of Alphios. Let them 
not forget that they have been applauded and crowned as Olympic 
victors on the sacred ground of Athens by the descendants of 
ancients Greeks, who recognize as brothers those that the art 
of y\thlctics, the noble daughter of Greece, has brought up as 
victors. Leaving Athens as victors, let them consider themselves 
as other Athenians, since they have been crowned by Athenian 
prizes. Under such good omens, I take the honor to ask Your 
Majesty to proclaim the' opening of the Olympic Games of 1906. 

Tn response, the King arose and duly declared the Olympic 
Games of igo6 opened. 

During all of this interesting ceremony, which was conducted 
in a dignified manner, the athletes from the different countries 
stood in columns back of the Crown Prince. Then came the 
parade of the contestants before the King, the bands of music 
of Levkas and of Pira^^us preceding them. 



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HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS J ;.;;.:. ;,1CH0LAS. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. H 

In this way first came the Germans, then the English, the 
Americans, the AustraHans, the Belgians, the Danish ladies, the 
Danish, the French, the Hungarians, the Italians, the Norwegians, 
the Swedes, and last the Greeks. 

As they passed in front of the royal box each group saluted 
according to the custom of their own country and marched to 
their reserved seats in the left wing of the Stadium. 

While the gymnasts were busy dressing themselves all the 
Philharmonic bands concentrated themselves in the depths of the 
Stadium and played the hymn of Samara. The full of inspiration 
and of great genius work was played indeed in a perfect way. 

The programme of events consisted of gymnastic exhibitions 
presented by different countries. For this reason most of the 
infield was filled with gymnastic apparatus. The teams from 
Norway, Sweden, France, Denmark, Germany and Italy gave 
exhibitions. The feature of the day was the gymnastic work 
done by a class of Danish women, invited by the King and were 
guests at the Palace. Their balancing movements showed grace 
and poise; their apparatus work consisted of giant swings on 
the horizontal bars, the half lever on the rings, hand-stands on 
the parallel bars and wonderful vaults on the horse. They re- 
ceived great applause. 

At six o'clock the gymnastic exhibition was concluded and it 
is doubtful whether one person had left the Stadium. When the 
royal party rose to make their triumphal exit the same reception 
was accorded them, if anything a little more pronounced. Every- 
one of the 50,000 stood up — men uncovered their heads — the 
cheers echoed and re-echoed throughout the Stadium. After the 
royal party the people in a slow, orderly way left the Stadium 
by the four exits, but there was no crowding, or jostling, no jeer- 
ing or laughter, for it was the opening of the Olympic Games. 
A Greek Festival had been inaugurated; the Greek people were 
part and parcel of it. 

"Was there ever such an opening elsewhere? Could there be?" 
That's what many foreigners asked. The attendance ! Where 
in the world could one collect an audience of at least 100,000 
tti witness the sight ? 

The answer is: "Nowhere but at Athens; classic Athens." 



The Good Results of the Games 

The Olympic (lames of igo6 will go down into athletic his- 
tory as the most remarkable festival of its kind ever held. 
They exceeded in every way the successful Olympic Games of 
1896, and are bound to produce good results, for the holding ct" 




HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE ANDREW. 



SPALUIiNUS ATHLETIC LIKRARY. 13 

these games at Athens this year added a stimuhis to sport on 
the Continent and has greatly increased the interest which will 
he taken in the future in athletic sports by all countries of the 
world. The scenes and incidents and everything in connection 
with the Olympic Games of igo6 made an impression that will 
never be forgotten and it is hoped that future Olympic Games 
will be up to the standard of the ones of 1906. 

The Greek Committee, of which H. R. H. The Crown Prince 
is President, operating under a royal decree from King George, 
worked for many months perfecting the plans and arrangements 
for the games, and how well they succeeded is best told by the 
official reports, which speak for themselves. 

It can be safely said that the Olympic Games of 1906 opened 
in a more auspicious manner than either the Olympic Games at 
Paris in 1.900, or at St. Louis in 1904, and from the opening 
hour to the closing exercise, Athens enjoyed a festival the like 
of which has never been witnessed by the residents of any other 
city in the world. That they were a success can be attributed 
to the untiring efforts of His Majesty the King of Greece, the 
Crown Prince, Prince George, Prince Nicholas, Prince Andrew, 
and the Greek Conunittee. Their efforts during the entire Olym- 
pic period were untiring. They personally conducted as many 
of the athletic events as they could devote themselves to, so as 
to be here, there and everywhere, and made it, one might say, 
their personal duty to make all of the visitors and the oi'ficials 
from other countries feel as though they were welcome and 
their presence appreciated. 

One of the first social functions, where all of the delegates, 
officials and others met, was at a luncheon given by II. R. II. 
the Crown Prince, at the .\tlion llotel. At least two hundred 
aitended, the royal family being represented by II. R. H. the 
Crown Prince, Duke of Sparta, Prince George, Prince Nicholas 
rnd Prince Andrew. Following is the toast made by H. R. H. 
the Crown Prince : 

"In the name of His Majesty the King. Delight of the eyes 
and great pleasure could be called the athletic feasts which have 
taken place during these last days. In these feasts, however, 
there is a deep lesson in the great emulation of the nations 
trying to surpass each other in the strength of the body and t'l 
show the benevolent effects of athletics by means of their first- 
in-rank athletes. We justly admire the victors and we partake 
of the applause that -came out from the mouths of thousands of 
people for them. P)Ut we must not forget those who, by their 
devotion, have contributed and still contribute, not less than the 
victors, to the success of the games and to the progress of the 




A. G. SPALDING, 

American Director to the Olympic Games of 1900. at Paris, at which 

meeting the American athletes scored such a pronounced victory. 



SrAI.DINtrS ATtlt.RTIC LIlUtARY. 15 

plixsic.il education that will revive llie nations. The Princes 
and the governments whom yon represent by means of their 
protection, the committees, the clubs and societies, whose mem- 
bers you are, by means of their enthusiastic zeal, have prepared 
the lively participation in the spectacle of these days. To you 
we owe the bringing together at the Stadium of Herodis of 
Atticus and of Averoff and at the other places of the games, of 
the groups of strong-bodied young men for whom we clap the 
hands. 

■'I consider, therefore, but fair to raise my cup for you, as 
representatives of the protectors of athletics, by means of which 
the bodies arc strengthened, the bodies that adore the nations 
during the times of peace and protect their rights at times of 
danger. T therefore drink to the health of all of you and the 
health of the nations whom you represent." 

That the games of 1906 were vastly superior to the games of 
i8g6. the members of the Royal Family admitted. That was at 
the beginning, and at the time they were all ver}^ well pleased 
with the entry received and the number of spectators. 

To the visitor from an athletic country, particularly America, 
the one thing which will long be remembered is the Stadium. 
Words can hardly describe the impression the Stadium makes 
on one as he enters its gates. Tiers of white marble seats go to 
the clouds. In size and dimension it is unsurpassed ; in form 
and construction unequaled. There is a grandeur about it that 
impresses one. Certainly there is no place in the world like it 
for the holding of Olympic Games. 

The Olympic Games, as we all know, comprised a great many 
events, the Stadium ' events, of course, being considered by a 
great many, the Olympic Games, for it is to see these events 
that the populace go. These events are used as comparison in 
all records known as Olympic records. 

There has been some criticism in relation to the claims of the 
Americans. The Americans have claimed absolutely what they 
accomplished. America sent a team for the Olympic Games as 
they had been understood at Athens in 1896. at Paris in iqco, 
and at St. Louis in 1904, and at no time did they claim that 
America won a canoe championship, a revolver championship, a 
gymnastic championship, or a boating championship ; they did 
not make an entry in these events. America entered its team 
for athletics, and all claims made by Americans have been for 
the athletic events, as the word is understood, and these events 
took place in the Stadium. Tn other words. America excelled 
the world athletically, just the same as France e.xcelled in 
swordsmanship, the Swiss in shooting, Italy in boating and bicy- 




BARON PIERRE DeC'OUBERTIN, 
President International Olympic Committee. 



SrAI.iUN'CS ATHLETIC LlliUAUV. 17 

cling, and the Danes in foot ball, and the French are certainly 
entitled to a great deal of credit for their all-round showing m 
all other than the track and field athletic events. 

Wc can sec that the question of events will have to receive 
great consideration from the Greek and the International Com- 
mittees, for I really believe that these Committees should establish 
the events and have them lived up to; for instance, during the 
Olympic Games at Paris one individual won the Olympic Cham- 
pionship for fishing in the Seine for live fish. At St. Louis, in the 
same way, and under Olympic sanction, there was a roque cham- 
pionship, a sport which is unknown in other countries ; and speak- 
ing of scoring points in championships, if one takes in all events 
held imder the Olympic series, the St. Louis Olympic Games 
furnish some interesting data, for the committee, under instruc- 
tions from the International Committee, had about 390 individual 
Olympic events contested. Out of these about fourteen were 
won by foreigners ; and, scoring on the point system, America 
scored close to ,3,500 points in these Olympic events at St. 
Louis ; in other words, more points by many hundreds that was 
scored by all other nations at Athens in 1896, and Athens in 
1906. Nevertheless, we publish in this volume a complete record 
of all Oh'mpic events that were held at Athens. The final 
classifications will prove interesting. 

By classification, in one event — the all-round, gymnastic cham- 
pionship — France had four men who received first prizes, Ger- 
many four, Italy three, and Bohemia one. While that, perhaps, 
is a good system of scoring, it would be' much better if a con- 
clusion could be arrived at as to the real championship, not 
have it divided among fourteen men, and allow certain coun- 
tries to score four first prizes in one event. If fourteen men 
were tied for first place or one was equal to the other, the 
method for scoring should be to divide the points, and each 
man would thus be credited with one-fourteenth of a champion- 
ship; or, the fourteen should go still further and have a real 
champion. In another classification — gymnastics — France re- 
ceived three first prizes, Italy three, Germany two, and Hungary 
one. 



Royalty as Officials 

The Olympic Games of 1906 will long be remembered by the 
contesting athletes from the fact that the games were conducted 
under royal patrona.gc and the interest that the royal family 
took in the Olympic Games was simply astonishing. 



CASPAR WHITNEY. 
President American Committee Olympic Games, 1906. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 19 

The King and the royal family attended the games each day 
and occupied their official positions in the roj'al box. The games 
commenced upon the arrival of the royal family, and after 
llie reception of the King .and Queen, the King's sons would 
immediately take their places on the field to conduct the athletic 
events. As President of the Olympic Committee, the Crown 
Prince presided. Prifice George and Prince Nicholas were the 
ones that were mainly responsible for the successful carrying on 
of the athletic events, Prince George as president of the jury, 
acting as referee. Prince Andrew directed the fencing events 
and other sports outside the Stadium. Prince George conducted 
the athletic games in a masterly manner. 

I have attended a great many athletic events in Europe and 
America, but during my experience, extending over a period of 
thirty years, I have never had the pleasure of meeting men in 
athletics that equaled the Princes in their manner of conducting 
athletic games, in their knowledge of athletics, in their absolute 
desire to be fair, and in their ever-readiness to discuss impar- 
tially all protests. The Princes did not care a particle who won ; 
they wanted to see the best man win, and in competition they 
quickly decided all points brought to their attention, and in 
many cases they decided against their own athletes — the Greeks. 
Someone may criticise some minor point in the Olympic Games 
of 1906, but I doubt if anyone can claim that he was not hon- 
estly treated and courteously listened to whenever he had a 
question to ask. The knowledge of athletics which the Princes 
possessed was simply astonishing. When it came to putting the 
shot, throwing the discus, throwing the stone, when a point 
arose as to whether a man had stepped an eighth of an inch 
over the circle; in fact, when there was a dispute of any kind, 
the Princes decided — and decided honestly — and according to the 
athletic law. Thus it can be seen that the Princes have given 
a great deal of thought and consideration to the Olympic Gnmes. 
.\t no time were they considered as interfering with the com- 
petition ; far from it. in fact, it is well known that many of the 
contestants and officials refused to go on until one of the Princes 
was there to see that there was no possible chance of anything 
but fair play and to see to the interests of all the contestants 
and not to some. Prince George, the president of the jury, en- 
deared himself to all the contestants, and much of the success 
of the Olympic Games of 1006, wdiich was without doubt the 
greatest athletic carnival ever held in the world, was due en- 
tirely to the fact that the Princes took such interest in the 
games and conducted them as they should have been conducted — 
with great dignity. 




J. W. ('i];i'iss. 

Treasurer Americ:in Finance t^ommittee, 

Olympic Games, 1906. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 21 

King George exhibited great interest in the athletic events, 
and on one occasion during a visit to the arena, in which he 
chatted pleasantly with the officials, he expressed to the American 
Commissioner the desire that President Roosevelt of the United 
States might be present to witness the remarkable games of 1906. 
He talked for about a quarter of an hour about the President, 
evinced the greatest interest in his doings, stated that he follow- 
ed each and every event in his career minutely, and admiring 
him because he was fond of rports, fond of athletics ; in fact, the 
King said, "This is just the kind of a meeting your President 
would like to witness." Therefore, is it any wonder that the 
Olympic Games of 1906 will go down in history as a great ath- 
letic event ; is it any wonder that all are unit that Athens is the 
one place to hold Olympic Games, when we have there such fine 
sportsmen as the King and his sons, who are so deSply interested 
in athletics? I doubt if we can scan the world over and find a 
royal family that interests itself as they do and feel as they do 
towards Olympic Games. 

The Olympic Games are to go on at Athens ; they are to be 
held every four years, and no matter where other Olympic 
Games are held, when the games at Athens are announced, under 
the Presidency of the Crown Prince and the patronage of the 
King of Greece, those games will be features of the athletic 
world. 

There was an indescribable element in relation to the Olympic 
Games of 1906 that, somehow or other, the average foreign visi- 
tor could not grasp. Never before had one interested in sport 
been surrounded by such an element as enveloped him at Athens. 
It could not have been the impression that the marble Stadium 
made upon one ; it was not the fact that one was in ancient 
.Xthcns, amid its historical ruins ; there was something else 
which made the Olympic Games of 1906 the most remarkable 
athletic gathering evjr held in the world. One athletically in- 
clined could observe that ihere was an atmosphere which is for- 
eign to athletic followers, either in America, Great Britain. Aus- 
tralia or elsewhere. The people seemed enthused over something 
that meant more than sport; they had taken hold of the Olympic 
Games, and, apparently, to them these Olympic Games were 
a sacred festival. "Olympic Games!" was all they thought of. 
Celebrating them in. true, royal style was their main thought. 

.Athletically, we have had superior meetings. At Paris, the 
most remarkable team of athletes that ever departed from 
America competed and won the major portion of the prizes. At 
St. Louis, the athletic events were high class, and the greatest 
athletes in the world won Olympic honors. The games at St. 




DAVID R. FRANCIS. 
President Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, 1904. 



SrAT.DIXC'R ATITI.RTIC LIRRARY. 23 

Louis were well attended, the larg-c stand being fdled eacli dav. 
Similar comments could be made regarding tbe Olympic Games 
at Paris. Notwitbstanding tiie fact that these Olympic Games 
at St. Louis and at Paris were grand in their way — athletically 
speaking — they lacked that something that one only found upon 
arrival at Athens. In other words, the spirit of" the Olympic 
Games, to the Greeks, "meant something;" it was their royal 
function. 

1~he history of the Olympic Games is part of the history of 
the Greeks. These games, to the Greeks, brought reminiscences 
of the days of the Greek splendors and supremacy; that spirit 
of sacrcdness pervaded the people from the peasants to the royal 
family. In other words, the Olympic Games seemed to be a 
royal function from start to finish. The average American will 
better understand what the meaning of the Olympic Games to 
the Greeks is by reading the following article from the Greek 
daily paper, Asty. Tin's article was attributed to Llis Roynl 
Highness the Crown Prince, and it clearly shows the feeling' of 
the people towards the Olympic Games. 

THE SPIRIT OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES. 

On April 22d Greece will open the first and largest station of 
its civilization. Actually the first International Olympic Games 
will take place. And the first ones with the hope of a brighter 
national future; the games that have already invited to a uni- 
versal feast all the beautiful bodies, all the brave minds, the 
best stock of the world's nations. 

The bell of armistice has rung. As it was during the ancient 
times at Altis, to-day at the Panathenian Stadium, all the na- 
tions put aside their enmities and hatred before the Goddess of 
Peace. Athens, with the olive branch in her lips, draws toward 
her the future Anctors of the Olympic Games from all over the 
world. As for us, all the political, social and human enmities 
are put aside. We are the Greeks ! Greeks with the ancient 
spirit transplanted in Greece of the present and of the future. 
Reyond Greece the nations and people are thinking and are talk- 
ing about the Olympic Games, the name of which is as sweet as 
honey and is a hymn of peace to their ears. 

They envy us. Yes, they envy us. It is not the antiquity, 
neither the noble games of ancient times; it is not the archaic 
sight of the spectacle nor the archaic spirit in general that sur- 
rounds us. No ! these are not the only things that turn the 
looks toward Greece, our country. It is this modern Greece that 
ventures to undertake with courage the Olympic Games. All 



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SPALDINC'S ATHLETIC LIURARY. 25 

the athletes and all those who adorn their bodies, also all the 
peacemakers of the world, and all the kings and princes of the 
world will be asking who are these pigmies anyway, who are 
these fellows who are plunged in political enmities, those who 
have been conquered in 1897 ; who are these who dreamt and 
after having dreamt realized the resurrection of the iiiost noble 
and the most great by nature social circle, the circle around 
which all the Greeks, as if they were one soul, were casting lots, 
were feeling, were struggling, developing, strengthening and 
civilizing themselves? 

'1 his secret question is put forth by all foreigners who will 
come here from all over the world. We Greeks must feel proud 
for undertaking this attempt. At this point our pride must be 
turned with gratitude towards that serious person who presides 
over this work of civilization, we mean towards His Royal High- 
nessthe Crown Prince of Greece. 

Without the splendor of his personality it would have been 
ini])ossii)Ie for the Olympic Games to be considered from a 
civilizing and national point of view. The work of a commander 
in war as a civilizer of the government is not superior to the 
work of the peacemaker as a civilizer of a nation. 

Up to the time when the Crown Prince of Greece will triumph 
as a Greek Commander in war let every noble child of Greece 
regard him as the greatest civilizer of Greece by means of his 
mental and his beautiful works of peace. The Crown Prince is 
now for Greece what Hermes has been during the ancient times. 
1 fe is the man of letters of Greece. He is her sporting Hermes. 
As a man of letters he presided over the first International 
Archaeological Council, a work of civilization. As a sportsman 
he is the President of the first Olympic Games, a work of civil- 
ization as well. 

When I was beyond the River Jordan, in the Desert, by the 
Dead Sea, and was looking proudly at the Greek monasteries 
(the word monastery taken in its most national meaning) that 
were found here and there like blooming oases, and was looking 
at these monasteries like divine spectacles of Grecian civili'zation, 
the Patriarch of Jerusalem, who happened to be there at the 
lime and who was observing with a patriotic look the sacred 
towers of Greek influence and power at Palestine, turned and 
whispered to me, "Do you see ! we are the civilizers of the 
Desert; of the Desert full of horror and of ancient chill." 

The Crown Prince of Greece is to-day the pioneer of progress 
and of light of the Desert around us, of the Desert as a nation, 
full of horror, chill and fears. 



\ 




MR. GEORGE AVEROFF, 

Who contributed the money to rebuild the Stadium. A statue has been 

erected to the right of the Stadium entrance in his honor. 

The Stadium is his monument. 



SPALDINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 27 

We must acknowledge that all these beautiful works, the works 
that are full of power, of vim, and of civilization, we must ac- 
knowledge with a national pride that it is only through the high 
and enthusiastic patronage of His Royal Highness the Crown 
Prince that such works were able to inspire the confidence of 
the people and of nations to exercise a spirit of proselytism 
toward Greece and to draw the love toward us regardless of our 
political quarrels and differences. 

Just watch! All those who pressed by the fetters of diplomacy 
do not show their sympathies toward the Greek nation and ap- 
pear as enemies toward us, all these people under the auspices 
of the Olympic spirit of these games, the tender and peaceful 
spirit, extend a friendly hand to all of us ; they greet us with 
the utmost sjanpathy, as if they wanted us only as peacemakers 
and civilizers of the Balkan Peninsula. It may be that diplo- 
macy has ordained that the victory of modern Greece should be 
limited to the great and splendid works of peace. And this is 
a great victor}'. It is a victory under the wings of which we 
bring together to-day like brothers all the nations of the world. 
It is a victory under the wings of which we hide carefully our 
dreams, our hopes. 

The Crown Prince of Greece is the first creator and the first 
inspirer of these great enterprises. This renders him more re- 
spectable to all Greeks who love their country even beyond his 
august title. The Crown Prince carries away to-day the triumph 
that Diagoras used to lead during the old times, Diagoras 
towards whom the multitudes of Olympia were turning their 
looks with a national pride. These Olympic Games are an honor 
to him. It is an honor coming from the whole civilized world. 
There is nothing that prevents him from exhibiting his refined 
spirit and his ardent desire, as a Crown Prince of Greece, for 
the success of the games. Neither his oflficial position nor 
diplomacy could prevent him. The energy, the life, the strength 
with which he acts, spread all over a very pure and bright ray 
of ancient glory. These games are his own inspiration — the in- 
spiration of the nation toward him, the nation itself. They are 
to-day his ideal sphere around which he works, lives, moves and 
feels; they are as a living pillar of antiquity which he uses as a 
support for the modern Greek spirit with his ambitions. 



The whole nation feels n sacred emotion when the name of 
Olympic Games is mentioned. The nation feels this emotion be- 
cause the Olympic Games is a feast of the whole nation. In the 




Captain F. Hansen, 

President of the Danish Olympic 

Committee. 

Colonel V. Balck, 
President of the Swedish Olympic 



Admiral V. Hansen. 

President of the United Atliletic 

Societies of Denmark. 

Lieutenant Carl Hjorth, 
Sweden. 



Sr.VLDIXCS ATHLETIC I.initAnY. 29 

niiiUt of the sorrows wliicli the nation suffers from its govern- 
ni: nl, in the midst of the perseeutions whieli the nation suffers 
from tlie Powerful, she looks upon the Olympic Games as a high- 
way towards progress, a highway that has as a starting point the 
first years of the nation's history. The nation rejoices, moreover, 
seeing that the Crown Prince takes the initiative for this pro- 
gress by means of these games, and feels that he is the summing 
up and the incarnation of the most noble ideals of his race. Con- 
sidering all these, a cry at the Stadium from thousands of Greeks, 
"Long live the Crown Prince," will be the best prize for the 
most invaluable work he has undertaken to do. 



The Luncheon of the King 

On the last day of the Olympic Games His Majesty King 
George gave a luncheon at the palace to the official representa- 
tives from each country, members of the International Commit- 
tee, ministers from each country, and those officially connected 
with the Olympic Games. At this luncheon His Majesty the 
King read the following address: 

"I feel the greatest joy in seeing around me the representatives 
of almost all the nations that take an interest in gymnastics and 
alhlelics. It is a great honor for Greece that every one has 
striven to gain the reward of the victory in Athens. The recol- 
lections of ancient times, the patriotism of Averoff, and the zeal 
of the Greek nation have proved that my capital is by way of 
excellence the best city that can with courage entertain strangers 
who have an aspiration of getting athletic laurels. It is from 
you, who represent the international ideas about gymnastics and 
I he different athletic games, it is from you that we expect to 
hear, whether these games, organized according to the laws of 
the Greek kingdom by a committee presided over by my son and 
Crown PVince of Greece, have proved to be successful. One 
thing, however, that I consider to be my duty and my pleasure, 
is to extend the expression of my sincere thanks for your 
kindness in coming here from all over the world in response to 
the invitation of Greece. You can be sure, gentlemen, and I 
beg you to transmit this from my part to all the governments, 
committees, clubs and societies that you may represent, that the 
royal family of Greece and the Greek nation have been exceed- 
ingly happy in having yon with them during these beautiful 
days. Also that they will feel the same pleasure every four 
years when, according to the laws of the Greek Kingdom, Greece 
will have the opportunity to renew the bonds of peace with all 




Commandant LeFebuke, 

Secretary of the Belgium Olympic 

Committee. 

J. FOKIANOS. 

Greece. 



Baron De Lavelege, 

President of t'le Belgium Olympic 
Committee. 

Lieutenant C. Wallenius, 
Sweden. 



SPALDING'S ATHLKTIC LIBRARY. 31 

the nations with whom she is happy to co-operate for the good 
of eivihzation and of progress." 



.At a reception given l)y tlie American Minister, Mr. J. B. 
Jackson, at tlie American Legation, Prince George requested the 
.American Commissioner to take with Iiim to America the kindest 
regards from His Majesty the King of Greece to President 
Roosevelt, wishing him good health and prosperity, and extend- 
ing 111 him sincere thanks for iiis interest in the Olj'mpic Games 
of igcf). 

Tt i> doubtful if any celehralion ever held by the Athenians ex- 
celled in imptjrlance these Olympic Games, and their in- 
terest enthused ever\'one else. Athletes from all parts 
of the world, visitors from everywhere, innumerable lan- 
guages being spoken, everything having a gay holiday attire. 
Hut it was the serious way in which the Greeks considered the 
Olympic Games which interested the Americans ; never before 
had they seen such great interest taken in anything pertaining 
to athletics, for the games held in this country take on a differ- 
ent aspect. The interest they took was astonishing; the crowds 
simply^ enormous. Fifty thousand people were on hand each 
day that the Olympic Games were held in the Stadium and they 
were orderly and patient. They were all interested in the ath- 
letic events; they didn't care so much about the boating, shoot- 
ing, tennis or wrestling, as they did in what they termed the 
two classic events — the Greek stvle of throwing the discus, and 
the Marathon race. Pxitli of these events are described else- 
where, with a report in detail of them athletically. To show, 
however, the great interest taken in the Marathon race by the 
Greeks, their ideas about it and their feelings, an article in The 
r.stia. a Greek daily paper, is given herewith. It is worth read- 
ina: and those of us in .America who look upon athletics lightly 
might take from it a few points: 

THE GREAT DAY OF THE MARATHON RACE. 

Tni-, "I'^stia" Interviews the Runners — Coutoulakts Has 

Sworn, "Victokv or Death." — The Greek Victory Depends 

i).\ THE Greek Sun. 

The great day. the day so impatiently waited for, the day of 

hopes, the day of agonies, triimiph and emotion has come at last. 

T wonder whether Greek will be the fortunate winner? 




GENERAL COUNT VON DER ASSEBURG. 

(Germany) 

President of the Imperial Committee of the Olympic Games. 



sr.vLDixr.'S athletic library. 33 

This is ihc general desire, the desire cf thousands of peojde 
wlio arc watching these games with a great enthusiasm and in- 
terest, both inside and outside the Stadium. The Marathon race 
is, so to say, the basis cf the games and right from the start 
lias become the center of interest and has concentrated all the 
hopes, expectations and dreams. 

Hy way of excellence it is the most important game which 
will draw myriads of spectators within the Stadium as well as 
.utside and beyond it, in the road cf Kifissia, in order to receive 
the first runner, the famous winner. 

Quite a number of athletes will take part. The total number 
of fcjreigncrs and Greeks who will take ])art in it is estimated 
to be 7.^. Most of them are Greeks fr(jni Turkey and from the 
|)roper Greece. 

Out of the seventy-three nmners entered, seven are English, 
seven are Americans, two Australians, five Swedish, three 
Frenchmen, two Germans, three Danish, one Bohemian, two 
Norwegians, one Belgian, two Canadians, and one Austrian. The 
rest are Greeks. These runners have been examined by a Ger- 
man physician and have been sent to Marathon in carriages. 

\\1i() will be the lucky one? To whom will the strength give 
wings to run, to fly, to surpass the others, to win, to be crowned? 

Will it be one of the foreigners, the American, the Swedish, 
the Australian, the Canadian? What about the select Greeks? 
What about Coutoulakis? No one could preconceive, no one 
could foresee anything. The hour of the r-^ce is near by and 
liolding back our impatience let us quietly wait for the result. 

The >^:arting line is fixed at 775 meters nftcr the 41 kilom. 
from Athens. The point of arrival will be the Panathcnaic 
Stadium. 

Beginning this noon, all the streets through which the runners 
of the Marathon race will pass, are crowded with curious people, 
idle interest of the people cannot be described and everyone is 
aiixioi sly waiting for tlie time of their arrival. 

As it was decided the start of the runners from Marathon 
will be made at 3 p. ni. The distance between Marathon and 
the Stadium is 42 kilometers. 

A force of one thousand horsemen will undertake to keep the 
order from Marathon to Athens. In every 500 meters there will 
be guards and soldiers, also ambulances for those who may meet 
with an accident and who could not continue their way. In 
every five kilometers there will be doctors, nurses and medicines, 
111 i;d<e care of those who may get hurt. On the opposite hill, 
where the Department of Equipment of War Supplies is located, 




DR. W. GEBHARDT, 

( Germany) 

Secretary of the Imperial Committee, Olympic Games. 



SPALDINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. S5 

a cannon will be placed and a shot will be fired to announce the 
arrival of the runners. 

Considering the distance between Marathon and Athens, which 
is 42 kilometers, also considering that the best runner could run 
this distance in two hours and fifteen minutes, it is calculated 
that the victor of this race will reach the Stadium between 5:15 
and 6:00 p. m. It is most probable that Coutoulakis will carry 
the triumph. That is a great and imposing moment for the 
Stadium. The Crown Prince has allowed the band of the Guard 
to play as soon as the victor enters the Stadium, a march that 
was specially composed by the master musician of the Imperial 
Guard, which march is dedicated to the victor of the Marathon 
race. This march which, it is said, was composed with a great 
inspiration, begins with the words "Like a spark hidden in the 
ashes," then follows a stroplfe of the national Greek hymn, then 
(lifl'erent pieces taken from the hymns of the foreign nations 
and the- composition ends with the last phrase of our national 
hymn. 

Besides the other gifts to be offered to the victor of the Mara- 
thon race we have to report the following: 

The "Louvre," the large firm of Mr. Cauellopoulos, will do- 
nate the statue of Hermes. The baker, Nicolas Raptis, will fur- 
nish him one loaf of bread daily for one year. The coffeehouse 
man, K. Krekmazis, will furnish him with three coffees daily 
for one year. The barber, Orphanidis, offers to shave him gratis 
for the rest of his life. Mr. Karanikas, hotelkeeper, offers to 
give a luncheon every Sunday for a year to the victor and to 
five of his friends, provided the victor is a Greek. 

CAN.-\D.\ WINS THE MARATHON RACE. 

The Eternal Victor of \e.sterday — Canadian the Angel 
FROM Marathon. 
The hearts of all Greeks were beating fast and in agony yes- 
terday. We cannot say whether the heirts of ancient Greeks 
were beating faster when they were expecting to hear the news 
nf the battle of Marathon than the hearts of modern Greeks ex- 
jiecting to hear and to know the winner of this deadly and very 
fatiguing but famous race. One could almost count the people 
who were indifferent, for yesterday's events. It was but natural. 
F.ven the most cold and indifferent people of the north have 
turned to he warm and excited people of the south, and we have 
seen Englishmen* watching in agony the results of the 100 meter 
races. How was it possible for the Greeks not to get excited 




D. N. BOTASSI, 

Greek Consul, New York. 

Member of the American Committee to the Olympic Games. Athens, 1906. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 37 

when the question was ahout a race that tlieir liistnry lias created, 
a race nuich liigher than the common liuman nature, a race so 
d.angerous and tragical and so famous? 

The science of athletics, simply the science, more simply the 
philanthropy, do not approve of this fearful event ; it is, how- 
i ver. the courage, the danger, the fatigue, the pain of the Mara- 
thon race that kindle a strong flame around the hair of the victor 
I if the Marathon race. The event of i8y6 had given credulity 
to the Greeks, something very natural, the result of which was 
yesterday's hope and agony. This agony was also increased by 
reports of the newspapers about the Greek runners: "Coutoul- 
akis had taken the holy sacrament and was swearing either to 
win or to die" — an awkward and exaggerated thought but very 
hoimuring for the poor Greek, a thought that shows to what 
extent the Greek pride can reach when induced by noble games. 

The result was contrary to the Greek expectations and hopes. 
The victor was a foreigner, — a Canadian. The news yesterday 
brought sorrow ; to-day, however, when Greeks wake up, cool- 
headed, they find out that they have been very optimistic. We 
■.\rc in a position, to-day, to think that we have striven in this 
race against giants of art and resistance. The Stadium had 
already informed us that the foreigners were the runners and 
not ourselves. The Americans have thrown into consternation 
all the spectators v/ith their art, their celerity, their resistance 
in the race within the Stadium. And they are the ones that 
furnished the victor of the Marathon Race. Sherring is an 
athlete of British-America, Canada. He comes from the" country 
of labor, the country of vast space, from the country where the 
people are accustomed to courageous and rash actions. The 
.Marathon race is a ra.sh and courageous race, and that antelope 
of Canada, armed with the strength of its climate, with prepara- 
tory exercises and the feeling of vast space, has beaten all the 
other nations. 

What a delight his entrance in the Stadium? He was (hard to 
be believed) cool, flourishing, indifferent, ready to go on willi 
his running if it was not for the sling to close the entrance. 

Short and thin, and with the grace of a gazelle, he was still 
rtuuiing in a natural way as if he was then starting. The Stad- 
ium roaring the triumph and his glory, had him before it, full 
of strength and not faint, smiling and invincible. He had the 
nerve to lift his head and to look at the crowds, he had the 
strength to answer the salutations, to smile, to wave the flag of 
his nation, and to 1)ow before the kings. He had the strength 
to answer to the voice of glory. There are moments when we 
can see with our own eyes the eternity. This small man. from 




F. J. V. SKIFF. 
Director of Exhibits Louisiana Purchase Exposition, who was re- 
sponsible for St. Louis getting the Olympic Games of 1904; a member 
of the Finance Committee of 1906. 



.SPA^nVNG'S ATflLETia LIWiAIii'. __ 30 

the time lie ciitcrcd tlic iiorcli till tlie time ho disappeared, lie 
was living as if in a dream, 'lime lias counted for him seconds 
of eternity.. Greece has honored the victor by having Prince 
(Jeorgc accompany liim within the Stadium. The tall and stout 
Prince of Crete has run with perfection by the side of the victor, 
lie accompanied him till ihey reached the place of the Kings, 
when he-announced his victory, saluting and with thanks. 



ATHENS W.MTiXc; 1-OR THE VICTOR OF THE 
iM.VRATHON RACE. 

The Splendid Spectacle cf the Stadium. 

The cily of .\tliens was almost dead yesterday. The entire 
po|)ula!ion had taken possession of the Stadium, the streets of 
llirodis, the Atticus and of Kifissia. It was a kind of labyrinth 
all around these places, where thousands of people were watch- 
ing eagerly, and were waiting for the results of the great event. 

The excitement in front of the Stadium began at 2 p. m. The 
military guard, also a band of eozonos, were placed in two lines 
in front of the porch, in order to prevent the concentration of 
the people and to keep order. The crowds began coming to the 
Stadium one hour before the usual time and the number of them 
had surpassed the number of previous days. According to rough 
calculations at least 60,000 must have entered the Stadium. 

It was 5:30 p. m. when the games in the Stadium had all taken 
place. The news cf the loss in the contest of discus began to 
spread a general sadness and disgust to the faces of those pres- 
ent, to the faces that were gay a little while ago. I wonder 
what was taking place? Was it a messenger of bad omens that 
liave later on caused the sorrow to all those crowds, the crowds 
that were expecting to see at least a corner of the Greek colors 
coming in triumphantly through the porch. What was that in- 
visible sorrow that has seized all the seats after the loss of the 
di.scus contest ? It is true that the unpleasant rumors did not 
cc'ise cominar in the one after the other. That same moment Mr. 
]\lavronichalis' automobile arrived with M. R. Caridia, the 
custodian of the chronometer. As soon as they arrived tin: 
cnnvds turned tiicir looks toward them and were trying to 
prophesy their thoughts and their heart. Unfortunately the ex- 
pression on their faces showed other than joy. 

They were talking loudly with the members of the committee, 
whose faces besan to get very melancholic. "All is through," 
>aid some- "It is pjone, we lost it," cried out others. 




A. L. SHAPLEIGH. 
Chairman Physical Culture Department World's Fair, St. Louis, 
whose management the Olympic Games of that year were held; 
Finance Committee of 1906. 



1904, under 
member of 



SPALDING'S ATnLETIC LIBRARY. 41 

No one, however, knew anything positive. Finally, one of the 
reporters asked a member of the committee about the results 
and he loudly answered that a Canadian comes first. The news 
reached the ears of the crowds like a fierce bomb. The whole 
Stadium knew then that a foreigner was coming first. Sorrow 
♦/a.s depicted on the faces of all The committee noticing this, 
circulated the news that the Canadian was first by a kilometer 
and that a Greek followed. 

Hope came back again. "Courage, boys," shouted the crowds ; 
"It may be that he will fall down like Flak." "Yes, oh yes; he 
will fall going up the hill," said others. 

It is 5 :40 p. m. ; a light dew begins to cover the seats. It was 
needed. It gives life to the dying out hopes. As the minutes go 
by, however, and every moment begins to count, the anxiety is 
increasing. The crowds can read the bitter truth in the expres- 
sion of the committee. But no one wants to believe it, no one 
wants to accept it. What will then happen? At this time new 
rumors reach the ears of the spectators. The Italian and the 
two Frenchmen have fallen down. The Greeks are coming. New 
hopes and new expectations. The national pride is in danger. 
The angel of Marathon must be a Greek, like the one of the 
victory of Miltiadis. and in the memory of all the victory of 
Louis is revived. As the time goes by the victor of the Mara- 
thon race of the first Greek Olympiad is presented to the imag- 
ination of all like a sacred icon on a flag that is hoisted in the 
midst of an international arena. 

A general sadness spread over the expression of all present, 
either because the darkness of sunset falls on them or because 
of the bad news thai they are getting. - Ten minutes — or rather 
600 seconds — are only left, and each second is longer than a 
year, and each moment of a second is longer than a whole day. 
Suddenly a shot is fired from the Rizarian School. 

The first runner goes through the road of Kifissia. Only ten 
minutes and he will be into the Stadium. But who is he? To 
what nationality does he belong? Nobody knows. "He is a for- 
eigner," is the cry of the crowds. "It is impossible," say others. 
"Both the first, second, and third are foreigners," comes the 
reply. No one could believe. Never mind. Suddenly, an un- 
usual agitation and excitement reigns on the bridge of Ilissos 
and further beyond the road of Hirodis the Atticus. 

"He is coming! He is coming!" The crowds outside of the 
Stadium are shouting. Whistles and the steps of horses an- 
nounce the arrival of the first victor of the Marathon race. It is 
a moment of highest spiritual life. The crowds in the Stadium 
are now standing. The first victor of the race comes in. He is 



-^^ 




M. P. HALPIN, 

Manager and Adviser of the American Team, 

Olympic Games, 1906. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 43 

short and runs so softly on the right, that one could say that 
he comes from the bridge of Ilissos. He is accompanied by Prince 
George of Crete. All those present applaud, the Stadium pre- 
sents an image of triumph, as soon as Shcrring from Canada, a 
P.ritish subject, makes his appearance. 

lie is so graceful, so unaflfectcd, he salutes so politely that all 
forget that he is a foreigner and continue clapping their hands, 
shouting out hurrahs and applauding the victor. He was not 
tired. Only his thin clothes were wet from perspiration. Hav- 
ing reached before the royal seats he bowed and was carried 
from shoulder to shoulder through the royal entrance to the 
dressing room. 

The sorrow of the spectators was succeeded by a silent grief 
soon after the dejxirture of the victor. Silence rei.gns all over 
the Stadiinn. It is the silence of the highest calamity. A gen- 
eral disgust is dei)icted on the faces of all. No one could be- 
lieve that the victor of this race is a foreigner. Fifteen minutes 
have passed in agon,v. No one moved from his seat. Fifty 
thousand spectators are standing waiting for the second victor. 

New whistles and a great excitement beyond the Staditun an- 
nounce the arrival of the second victor. "He is a Greek," the 
crowds are shouting. All in vain. He is Svanberg, a Swede. 
Soon after him comes the third victor, who is Frank, an Ameri- 

Of the three victors the Canadian, Sherring, ran the distance 
from Marathon to the Stadium in 2 hours 51 minutes 233-5 sec- 
onds, 7 minutes 28 seconds less th'<n the time taken by Louis 
Svanbug ran this distance in 2 hours 58 minutes 24-5 seconds, 
.nid Fr;ink in 3 hoiu-s 454-5 seconds. 



President Roosevelt's Greetings 

To have been a member of the American Olympic team was 
an honor that any athlete can justly feel proud of, and the fact 
that our President, the Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, had accepted 
I he Honorary Presidency of the American Committee, was a 
tribute to. all' who were connected with this glorious victory. 

After tiie games were over and the American victory bad been 
heralded over the world and President Roosevelt had been ad- 
vised bow our athletes performed, the receipt of the following 
cablegram pleased all the lioys immensely: 




"UNCLE SAM IS ALL RIGHT." 

The three American Flags on the Announcing Board indicating the Nationality 

of First, Second and Third men in the Standing Broad Jump. 



tsPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 43 

Washington, May 3, igo6. 
Mr. James E. Sullivan, American Commissioner, Olympic 
Games. 

Hearty congratulations to you and the American contestants. 
Uncle Sam is all right. 

THEODORE ROOSEVELT. 

'J"he message was read itj the athletes at a dinner at the 
Hermes Hotel, and three long cheers were given for our ath- 
letic President. The President again showed his deep interest 
in the success of the team, as is shown by the following tele- 
gram which was received as soon as the team landed from the 
steamer Republic upon their return to New York: 

Washington, May 25, igo6. 
Mr. James E. Sullivan, New York. 

Let me heartily congratulate you and all the members of the 
team upon their admirable showing. We are all proud of the 
record they made. 

THEODORE ROOSEVELT. 

These messages from President Roosevelt not only pleased 
the American athletes, but they also pleased the members of the 
royal family and the Greek Committee. They were charmed at 
the President taking such interest in the Olympic Games of 1906. 

The daily papers of Athens commented quite freely on the 
cable, and an editorial from a leading Greek daily paper, Tlic 
Estia, is appended : 

UNCLE SAM. 

Nothing couUl be nicer and more American-like than the tele- 
gram of the enterprising President of thfc United States sent to 
the American representative and American laureate athletes, and 
published in yesterday's Estia : "Hearty congratulations to you 
and tlie American athletes. Uncle Sam is all right." Who is 
this "Uncle Sam" who deigned at last to be pleased after the 
tearing up by the roots of the olive tree of Altis by the un- 
rivalled athletes of the New World and its transportation to the 
United Stales ? 

Only those among the Gre*eks know him who read European 
satirical papers and magazines. For this wc place his picture in 
this paper. He is that big man with a hat like a chimney and 
the Star Spangled Banner used as a ribbon around it, with a 
long nose and pointed beard, with the many colored jacket and 
the striped short trousers. He is to the Americans what John 



srALnrxc's athletic library. 47 

Bull is to tlic Eiifi;lisli. To make it more imposing and humor- 
islic, lie is the country of the (ireeks. 

Tiic Amcric:in athletes, as well as the United States repre- 
sentative, cof.Id not have dreamed of anything better, of anything 
greater, than to have the first American citizen interpret hy 
right the thoughts and desires of "Uncle Sam." 

Many cablegrams besides the one from President Roosevelt 
vere received. One from j\Ir. A. G. Spalding, wdio was the 
American Director of the Olympic Games of igco at Paris, read 
as follows: "Pretty work. Congratulate the American athletes 
on their glorious victory in the athletic events." Another cable 
of congratulation was received from Mr. Robert Kammerer of 
the New York Athletic Club. 



It is doubtful if there has ever been an Olympic meeting, or 
an international athletic gavhering, that attracted so many dis- 
tinguished gentlemen v. ho are interested in the development of 
athletics and a plan to organize athletics, through all countries 
of the world, under one set of rules was discussed. 

Tn talking with the representatives from the dififercnt coun- 
tries, as well as the members of the Greek Committee, it was 
ad.mittcd that there must be one uniform set of athletic laws ; 
and, undoubtedly, before the next Ol.vmpic Games of 1910, such 
a code will be adopted, and the contestants from all over the 
world will go to Athens fully posted as to how each and every 
competition is to be contested and what the rules are. 

In attendance at the Olympic Games were many members of 
the International Committee, and they held several conferences 
during their stay in Athens. Among those who were very promi- 
nen.t in such affairs were : Dr. W. Gebhardt, Colonel Balck. 
Comte de Rosen, Comte Brunetta d'Usseaux. Dr. Jiri Guth, 
Comte Alex. Mercati, Baron de Tuyll. 

The general opinion seems to be that there is a great future 
for the International Committee as the maker of international 
laws and as a body to sanction international competitions, and 
there can be no doubt whatever but what it will be absolutely 
necessary for the Greek Committee, of which His Royal High- 
ness the Crown Prince is President, and the International Com- 
mittee, of which Baron Pierre de Coubertin is President, to 
come to some definite understanding in relation to Olympic 
Games in the future, and I confidently predict that before 19 10 
both organizations will be working in perfect harmony. 

The other prominent representatives were : From Great 
Britain, Lord Desborough, who besides being active in the man- 



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SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 49 

rigcmcnt of tlic Olympic Games of 1906, was likewise a contes- 
Icstant, being a member of the English fencing team; France 
was represented by Al. Pierre Roy and M. Farrand, of Paris; 
Jnles do Mnza, of Hungary; G. S. Robertson, England ; J. Fow- 
ler Dixon, England; W. Hellstrom, Sweden; Mess. E. Dahl, 
Norway; P. J. AJuller, Germany, as well as many others, known 
throlighont the foreign world as experts. 

It was regretted by a great many that Baron Pierre dc Couber- 
tin, President of the International Olympic Committee, was not 
present, for we all must admit that to Baron Pierre dc Coubcrtin 
nuist be credited the idea of forming an International Olympic 
Committee and the revival of the Olympic Games. It was in 
June, i8q.|, that he put his idea into operation by calling together 
delegates in Paris. It was this committee that selected Athens 
as the best place to hold the Olympic Games in the year 1896. 



It certainly nnist have bc^en pleasing to the Greek Committee, 
particularly His Royal Highness the Crown Price, to have 
every government of the world co-operate with him and the 
Greek Committee towards making the Olympic Games of 1906 
the most remarkable function in the history of Olympic Games 
since their revival. 

The Honorable Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United 
States, officially recognized the Olympic Games by the appoint- 
ment of a Commissioner. England, Germany, France, Sweden, 
Holland, Norway, Denmark and other countries were likewise 
represented by one or more Commissioners ; thus giving to the 
Olvmpic Games of 1906 an official standing that they never had 
before. 

The fact that the govenunents officially recognized the Olympic 
Games, proves conclusively that the International Olympic Games 
fif the future will be more than mere athletic functions. The 
Olympic Games of 1906 also proved that many governments did 
more than officially recognize the Olympic Games ; for many of 
the teams that visited Athens during 1906 had part of their ex- 
penses defrayed by their government. 

The American team was sent on money received by popular 
subscription ; and much of this money was raised owing to the 
fact that our worthy President, the Honorable Theodore Roose- 
velt, approved of the plan and accepted the position of Honorary 
President of the American Olyiupic Committee. 

The English team also had their expenses paid, or part of 
them, to the 01yni])ic Gatnes by popular subscription. 

Sweden's team, numbering" ninety men, received 5,000 kroncns 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 51 

from the government ; and they raised, by private subscription, 
5.000 kroncns more. 

The French team received 10,000 francs ($2,500) from the gov- 
ernment, and 3,000 francs ($750) from the city of Paris. 

The government of Norway gave 3,000 kronens ($810) toward 
the expenses of their team. 

The Austrian team received from the city of Vienna, a donation 
of 1,000 kronens ($2Cc). Twenty-nine men represented Austria. 

The team from Germany received from the government 12,000 
marks ($2,850) ; the bahmcc came from subscription. No less 
tlian nineteen men on the German team paid their own expenses. 

A great deal of credit must be given to the Greek Committee 
f(ir its liberal contribution to each foreign committee. It con- 
lril)uted liberally towards the expenses of all teams that com- 
peted in the Olympic Games. 

The Equipment and Management of the Games 

The Greek Comniiltee and the officials deserve a great deal of 
praise for the intelligent manner in which the meeting was 
conducted. The entry was a large one — the largest ever re- 
cei\ed for an Olympic meeting. The arrangement of the heats 
and the order of events were most satisfactorily conducted. The 
little details in relation to the paraphernalia of the Stadium were 
carefully looked after, with the possible exception of the track. 

The track in the Stadium, owing to its construction, is not a 
track for fast time — the straights being long and the corners 
sharp, and there never will be fast racing on it until the present 
construction is changed. The committee are now at work on 
plans whereby the corners will be enlarged, which can be done 
without interfering with the track in any manner. 

The material used in the track construction was the same as 
i^^ used by a great many people who are not up-to-date in track 
building — cinders — and in nine cases out of ten cinders will not 
pack. There was no clay whatever used, thus rendering it soft 
and lie:ivy. The water was just sprinkled on it, and it was 
probably as heavy going as any country road after a rainstorm. 
The track has a good foundation, and by adding to it at least 
60 per cent, of clay, a fast track with good footing can be made. 

The Greek method of making the circles for the weight throw- 
ing is superior to the American or Englisli methods. They have 
it raised about four inches and as a result it is an easy matter 
to detect a foul. 

The jiunping boxes were well laid out, with the exception that 
the runs used were not long enough and instead of having four 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 53 

runways and twii boxes, there was only one, which, of course, 
made it inipos.iible to use the two boxes at the one time. An- 
nouncing boards at each side of the field showed distinctly just 
how high the contestants were jumping or vaulting. The same 
can be said for the announcing boards announcing the laps in the 
runs. Their method of marking the distances for the weight 
events was an improvement on ours and so was the plan used in 
declaring foul throws in the discus (free style). 

The announcing boards in the Stadium have never been ex- 
celled or equaled on any athletic track in the world. The spec- 
tators could tell at a glance what had happened. Apparently the 
Greek Committee had read a great deal, and had studied the 
question of managing athletic meetings, for certainly America 
or England can teach them very little. Some of the contestants 
and newspaper men complained because they were not kept thor- 
oughly posted in relation to each and every move of the con- 
testants and officials within the Stadium. It was not a hard 
thing for the newspaper men to follov/ the wins of the athletes ; 
the hardship came, of course, in not being able to talk Greek, 
but even this was no great drawback, because in the Stadium 
at all times could be found at least a dozen officials who spoke 
English fluently and answered all questions in an intelligent and 
courteous manner. 



The closing ceremonies of the Olympic Games were very in- 
teresting. At least 60,000 spectators were in the Stadium to wit- 
ness the official closing of the Olympic Games of 1906. Thou- 
sands of school children crowded the arena, giving exhibitions of 
calisthenic work and marching. After the exhibitions by the 
school children, the athletes, jurymen and officials marched to the 
arena, and the pK'sentation then took place. As each victor's 
name was announced, he departed from the ranks of standing 
athletes, walked to the royal box, and there His Majesty King 
George I. presented him with, his prize and the famous classic 
olive branch. 

The games terminated in the most interesting manner ; the 
King of Greece, as a final act, einbraced his son, the Crown 
Prince, tenderly and affectionately, bestowing a kiss upon him. 
as a reward for his good work as President of the Games for 
igo6. The Crown Prince was likewise presented with a hand- 
some piece of statuary, the gift of Italy. Many other gifts that 
had been bestowed upon the Crown Prince during the Olympic 
Games proved conclusively that the work of Tlis Royal Highness 
was appreci;-.ted by many. 



^r AI.DIXC-S ATin.KTir i.li:KAK> 55 

Fetes and Receptions During Olympic Games 

llu- social side of the Olympic Games was particularly pleas- 
ing 'lO tlK' foreign represencatives, who had so many fetes ar- 
ranged for them. It was also particularly observable that the 
(ncek people did everj'thing they possibly could to make the 
stay of all visitors pleasant while attending the Olympic Games. 
Representatives of the royal family were more than anxious to 
show the visitors real Grecian hospitality, and they certainly 
succeeded in giving them a reception that they will long remem- 
ber. Following is a brief summary of some of the more im- 
portant functions : 

.\pril i6th — The American Commissioner, with Messrs. C. M. 
Daniels and M. Schwartz, of the American party, arrived at 
Pira?us. and were met by a reception committee, among whom 
were Count Mercatti. Mr. Streit, M. Negrepontes, Secretary 
Lambros and Mr. R. Caridia. 

April i/th— On the arrival of the King and Queen of Eng- 
land, invitations were extended by Madam M. Negrepontes and 
Mr. M. Negrepontes to a tea, to witness the arrival of the King 
and Queen at the Palace. 

April i8th — The Americans were presented to the King of 
England at a reception held at the British School. 

.'Xpril igth — The entire American team of athletes, with Man- 
ager lialpin, arrived from Patras — and a royal welcome awaited 
them. The Greek Reception Committee had arranged an elabo- 
rate celebration. The team was escorted to the Archreological 
Society building, where a banquet was held and introductions 
tcuflered. 

April 2ist — Invitations were received and the Americans at- 
tended a reception at the French Legation. 

.•\pril 22d — Sunday — The opening of the Olympic Games. In 
the evening a reception was held at the Zappion, which was 
attended by the Crown Prince, Prince George, Prince Nicholas, 
Prince Andrew and all the foreign ministers. 

Apri^ 23d — Madam Negrepontes entertained several of the 
government commissioners at dinner; and in the evening a re- 
ception was tendered to the American athletes at the Hotel 
d'Angleterre, where they viewed the illuminations and torchlight 
procession from the balconies of the hotel. 

April 24th — The American Minister, Mr. J. B. Jackson, and 
Mrs. Jackson, gave a dinner at the American Legation. At 9:30 
the same evening the Mayor's reception at the Acropolis was 
attended by the visiting athletes. 

April 2Sth— Concert at Salle de Parnasse. 




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SPALDINirS ATHLETIC LIIJUAKY. 57 

April 26lh — The illuminalion of llic Acropolis. 

April j/ih — Theutor. Play "Duclus-s of Athens," by a com- 
pany at the Royal Theater. 

April 28th — Conference of Col. AI. Balck, of Sweden, with 
stereopticon views of Sweden. 

April 28th — The Crown Prince and the Greek Committee gave 
a luncheon at the Action Hotel, Phaliron. The Crown Prince 
liresided, and delivered an address of welcome. There were at 
least two hundred present. In the afternoon, at 3 o'clock, an 
(!pen-air Greek play was given in the Stadium, '"King QEdipus," 
by Sophocles, by a company of the Royal Theater. 6 P. M. — 
Tea given by Aladam Lambros and Secretary Lambros. The 
royal family was represented by His Royal Highness the Crown 
Prince, Prince George, Prince Nicholas and Prince Andrew. At 
9:30 — Veaetian fete at Pirrcus. 

April 30lh — Opera at the Municipal Theater, where the first 
cinematograph views of the opening of the athletic events in the 
Stadium were given. Ball at the Action Palace Hotel, Phaliron. 

May 1st — At the palace, H. R. H. the Crown Prince gave a 
luncheon to the foreign representatives and members of the In- 
ternational Committee. 

May 2d — At the King's palace. His Majesty the King of 
(ireece gave a luncheon to the foreign committeemen, ambassa- 
dors and officials to the Olympic Games of 1906, the entire royal 
family being present. At 3 P. M., in the Stadium, the presenta- 
tion of prizes to the victors. In the evening, a farewell reception 
was tendered at the Zappion to the participants in the Olympic 
Games. At 9 P. M. a reception to the American athletes was 
given at the Hotel d'Angleterre. 

May 3d — In the morning the American athletes and their 
friends were the guests of Mr. S. J. Vlasto, the editor of the 
Greek newspaper Atlantis of New York City, at his villa, "At- 
lantis," where an elaborate reception awaited them, and ffom 
.Mount Kephissia they obtained a magnificent view of the battle- 
fields of Marathon. In the evening the American Minister, Mr. 
J. B. Jackson, and Mrs. Jackson, gave a reception to the Amer- 
ican athletes and their friends, which was attended by His 
Royal Highness the Crown Prince. Prince George, Prince Nich- 
olas and Prince Andrew, many prominent Americans attending. 

Receptions had also been arranged for the American athletes 
at the .American College, by Mr. and Mrs. Bates ; also at the 
home of Count and Countess Mercatti. Owing to a sudden 
change in the programme, the American athletes and their 
friends were unable to be present at these two latter receptions, 
as they were scheduled to leave .\thens that day. 



SPALDING'S ATHI.ETIC IjIJBKAKY. 59 

Greek Discus 

Uu illy In the comment and discusiion in relation to the Greek 
style of throwing the discus, we have translated from the official 
Olympic Bulletin an article ( see page 157) giving directions 
for throwing the discus in the Greek style. That it can be made 
an interesting event goes without saying, and the article in ques- 
tion will certainly give to all American and foreign athletes other 
than Greeks, a thoroughly correct idea as to how the discus 
should he thrown in the Greek style. After seeing the Greek 
athletes throw the discus, and after a study of the correct statues 
and drawings, I am convinced that the Greek method is the only 
correct way. and that the method we have been following in 
America is not discus throwing at all. 



SPALDINO'S ATIILKTIC LIBRARY. 



SUMMARY OF THE STADIUM EVENTS, 
OLYMPIC GAMES, 1906 

lOo METERS SPRINT. 

Trials and srmi-fmals held .m Wednesday, April 25, 1906; final 

on iM-iday. April 27, 1906. 

Trial Heats. *' 

Eirst and second men in each heat to rnn in semi-final. 

h'irst heat — Archie ilahn, America, first; Otto Bock, Denmark, 
second ; .time, 12s. 

Second heat — W. D. Eaton. America, first ; Torretta, Italy, sec- 
ond ; G. Malfait, Erance, third; time, 11 .3-5S. 

Third heat — E. R. Moulton, America, first ; P. Ektoros, Greece, 
second; M. Beckmann, Germany, third; time, 114-5S. 

Eourth heat — Knut Lindherg, Sweden, first; B. Polensky, Bohe- 
mia, second; C. Devetzis, Constantinople, third; time, 11 4-55. 

Eifth licat — G. Kassar, Greece, first; w.o. 

Si.xth heat — W. A. Schick, America, first ; W. Halswell, England, 
second ; Kroycr, Anstria. third ; time, 12 1-5S. 

Seventh heat — R. C. Reid, England, first; Ax Ljnng, Sweden, 
second ; time, 12s. 

Eighth heat— II. Mealy (Anstralia), Great Britain, first; V. Dim- 
kcr. Germany, second; S. .\nastasopoulos, Greece, third; time. 
12 I -5s. 

Ninth heal — E. Rohertsnn. America, first; Nigel Barker (Aus- 
tralia), Great Britain, second; time, 1 1 2-5S. 

Tmth heat — Sidney Ahrahams, England first; AT. Prinstein, 
America, second; time. 11 4-5S. 

Semi-Einals. 

Eirst and second men to run in the final. 

Eirst heat— Archie Ilahn. America, first; E. Robertson, second; 

linie 112-5S. Won by two yards. 
Second heat— E. R. Moulton, America, first; Knut Eindberg, Swe- 
den, second; W. A. Schick, Americ\a. third; time, 112-5S. 
Won by a yard and a half. 
Third heat — W. D. Eaton, .\merica. first; Nigel Barker (Aus- 
tralia). Great Britain, second.; time. 11 i-^s. Won bv a vard. 



SrAI.niNG'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 63 

Final Heat. 
Archie Ilahn, America, first; F. R. Moulton, America, second; 
Nigel I-Jarker (Australia), Great Britain, third ; "W. D. Eaton, 
America, fourth ; L. Robertson. America, fifth ; Knut Lindberg, 
Sweden, sixth; time, ii i-5s. Won l)y one yard; second man 
by a foot ; third, by a yard and half. 
The ICO meters sprint was divided into ten heats, the first and 
second men in each heat to qualify for the semi-final, leaving 
nineteen men. Myer Prinstein of America withdrew, which left 
eighteen men. thus making it possible to have three semi-finals, 
the first and second men to go in the final heat. 

.America was very successful, having four m^n for the final ; 
Sweden had one and Great Britain one. 

During the preliminary heats the Americans and the English- 
men were not familiar with the method of starting, the starter 
.ulliering to the Greek language, and in some of the heats many 
of tile contestants were shot off the mark and some wtre left, 
ilowever, it can be truthfully said that the final heat of the lOO 
nieurs sprint was an absolutely fair start. Hahn of America win- 
ning quite easily. F. R. Moulton. the American, and Nigel 
B.irker. the Australian, had a great fight for second place, Moulton 
winning on the tape. W. D. Eaton of America was a close fourth. 
I'orly-si.x men took part in this race. 



400 METERS RUN. 

Trial heats antl trials for second men held on I'"rida_\-, April 27, 

1906; final on Monday, April .?o. 1906. 

Trial Heats. 
I'irst heat — II. L. llillman, America, first; 1). W. .\nderson. Eng- 
land second; time. 544-5S. 
.^econd heat — P. H. Pilgrim. America, first; V. Dunker, Germany. 

stcond ; time, 55 1-5S. 
Third heat— NigefBarker (Australia), Great Britain, first; J. 1). 

Lightbody, America, second; J. W. Home, England, third; 

time, 53s. Home ran bravely, for he was a sick man. 
Fourth heat — W. Halswell. England, first ; L. Robertson, America. 

second: time. 544-5S. 
Fifth heat— C. J. Bacon. America, first; Ct)teau M. du Bcllin. 

I'Vance. second; time, 56 1-5S. 
Si.xth heat— F. R. Moulton, America, first ; J. Runge, (jermany, 

second; time, 54 1-5S. 



spaldixcs athletic mbrart. 66 

Heat for Second Men. 
Winner to run in final. 
D. W. Anderson, England, first ; Cotcau M. du Bellin, France, 
second ; time, 54 4-55. 

Final Heat. 
r. H. Pilgrim, America, first; W. Halswcll, England, second; 
Nigel Barker (Australia), Great Britain, third; time, 53 1-5S. 
Won b,v four yards ; second man by two yards. Twenty-four 
men took part in this event. 

A very large field turned out for the 400 meters sprint, no less 
than six heats being necessary, the winner to run in the final ; 
second men to run an extra heat, the winner to qualify for the 
final. 

The finish of this race will certainly go down in athletic his- 
tory as one of the greatest races ever contested and the final 
placing of the men was contrary to all expert calculation. It is 
doubtful if there has ever been a race before in the history of 
athletics in the world that furnished such a surprise. The ath- 
letes that faced the starter for the final heat were: Harry Hill- 
man, American and Olympic Champion, admitted to be one of 
the fastest men in the world ; Nigel Barker, the Australian, who 
has a record inside of 49 seconds ; W. Halswell, British cham- 
pion ; Charles J. Bacon, of America ; F. R. Moulton, the American 
(Western) champion; D. W. Anderson of England and Paul 
Pilgrim of America. 

Before the start of the final, experts gave the three places to 
Harry Hillman, Halswell and Barker, for here we find three 
recognized champions on the mark, all apparently in good con- 
dition. It is true that Hillman was in the accident on the Bar- 
barossa and had not been himself since his arrival at Athens, but 
those on the inside felt confident that he was game enough and 
had speed enough to pull out a victory. The finish of the race 
will never be forgotten by those who saw it. About 180 yards 
from home it was seen that Hillman was out of it, and as the 
men rounded in the last turn the three first men were bunched. 
They were Halswell, Barker and Paul Pilgrim. The Americans, 
when they saw that Hillman was out of it, felt disheartened and 
practically gave up the race. The finish was one that will long be 
remembered by them, and the performance of Pilgrim, who was 
an unknown quantity, will never be forgotten. He ran like a 
champion, outfooted Halswell and Barker, and won by several 
yards, to the great delight of the .-Xmerican delegation, particu- 
larly to Manager Halpin. for when the American team was se- 



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lected, it was fell lliat Pilgrim was not quite good enough to 
will first place. All felt, however that he was a sterling runner, 
and a man who, if we were tooking for thirds or fourths, could 
capture theni, but Manager llalpin maintained that Pilgrim had 
youd stuff ill him. was game, and at the right moment would do 
the right thing. At the lasl nioiiiuii he was added to the Ameri- 
can team, lliat such an entry should result in the most sterling 
pfrformance of the Olympic Games, is highly creditable to him, 
lo .Manager llalpin, Capt. Sherrill, Mort Bishop and to the 
iitlur nun who ailvised his selection. 

800 METERS RUN. 

Tri.-il heats held on Wednesday, April 25, IQ06; first and second 

men ill each heat to run in linal ; final on Tuesday, 

-May I, 1906. 

„ ' Trial Heats. 

iMrst heat — J. D. Lightbody, America, first ; Charles J. P.acon, 

America, second; Ernst Serrander, Sweden, third; tiiiu, 

2111. 5 2-5S. Won by eight yards. 
Second heat — Kr. Hellstrom, Sweden, first; W. Ilalswell, Eng- 
land, second; II. V. Valentine, .-Kmerica, third; time, 2111. 

5 4-5S. Won by two yards. 
Third heat — R. P. Crabbe, England, first ; E. Parsons, America, 

second; J. W. llorne, England, third; time, 2m. 7 3-7S. 
I'mnth heat — P. H. Pilgrim, America, first; J. Runge, Germany, 

second; G. \. Wheatlev (Australia), Great Britain, third; 

time, 2ni. 6 .^-5s. Won liy four yards. 

Ei.v.\L Heat. 
P. II. Pilgrim, .America, first; J. I). Lightbody, America, second; 

W. ffalswell, Englaiul, third; time. 2111. i i-2s. Won by two 

feet ; second man by ten yards. 
In the 800 meters run it took four preliminary heats to weed 
out the back-markers. The knowing ones had predicted that the 
finish would be between Crabbe, Halswell and Lightbody. After 
Crabbe's sensational race with Cornwallis at the O.xford-Cam- 
bridge games, it was admitted that he had a chance of winning 
this race, and calculations gave first place to Great Britain; but 
Pilgrim again upset calculations by winning this race in great 
fashion, using his head at all times, and coming through in the 
last sixty yards, beating Lightbody by a few feet, Lightbody dis- 
tancing Halswell. The time, 2m. r r-2s.. was very creditable 
going, considering the track and corners. Twenty-three athletes 
took part in this event. 



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SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



1,500 METERS RUN. 

Trials held on Friday. April 27, igo6; first four men in each 

heat to run in final ; final on Monday, April ,?o, igo6. 



Trial Heats. 
First heat — J. D. Lightbody, America, first; Kr. ITellstronL 

Sweden, second ; J. P. Sullivan. America, third ; G. A. 

Wheatley ( .\ustralia ). Great Britain, fourth; time. 4nL 

192-5S. 
Second heat — J. MacGough (Scotland), Great Britain, first; R. 

P. Crabbe, England, second; G. Blake (Australia). Great 

Britain, third ; Harvev Cohn, America, fourth ; time, 4m. 

184-5S. 

Final Heat. 
J. D. Lightbody, America, first; J. MacGough (Scotland). Great 
Britain, second ; Kr. Hellstrom. Sweden, third ; G. A. Wheat- 
ley (Australia). Great Britain, fourth; J. P. Sullivan, 
America, fifth; George Bonhag, America, sixth; time, 4m. 12s. 
If any crowns were to be distributed for meritorious wins, 
James D. Lightbody, of the Chicago Athletic Association, should 
get one for winning the 1,500 meters run. This was another 
event that was absolutely granted to Great Britain, with its 
MacGough or Crabbe. Of course, the experts figured without 
considering the remarkable ability, gameness and running quali- 
ties of that sterling A^merican (Western) runner, Lightbody. He 
won his heat, beating Hellstrom of Sweden quite easily. The 
second heat went to IMacGough of Scotland, running for Great 
Britain, with Crabbe of Great Britain second. In the final heat 
these remarkable runners faced the starter : Lightbody, Mac- 
Gough. Hellstrom, Wheatley, J. P. Sullivan and Bonhag. While 
Bonhag finished last, he must be given credit for having set the 
pace and using his head three-quarters of the journey. He made 
the pace exactly to suit Lightbody. and why MacGough or 
Crabbe stayed in the rear the way they did the knowing ones 
cannot figure out. li they watched Lightbody on the day of the 
trials of the 1,500 meters run, they should certainly have learned 
a lesson, for, Lightbody, on this day, showed what speed he had 
for a distance man. He ran his heat in the 1,500 ineters and 
won ; then came out and finished second to Nigel Barker in the 
third heat of the 400 meters sprint, in 53 seconds, making Barker 
run all the way. That performance statnped Lightbody a sterling 
runner, and when it was observed that he was in hailing dis- 



srAr.nrxcs atift-eti'" ijrrary. 71 

(aiice of luiglaiul's representatives, 200 yards from hoiiie, his 
American friends knew he would pull out a victory, and he did 
it quite easily, in the remarkable time, for the track, of 4m. 12s. 
Lishtbody received many congratulations for this — a victory 
which America never expected. Twenty men competed in this 
event. 



FIVE MILE RUN. 
Held on Wednesday, April 25, 1906. 
[. C. Uawtrey, England, first; John Svanberg, Sweden, second; 
K(\ Dahl, Sweden, third ; George V. Bonhag, America, 
fourth; Pagliani, Italy, fifth; George Blake (Australia), 
Great Britain, sixth ; time, 26m. 26 1-5S. Won by fifty yards. 
John J. Daly of Ireland finished third, but was disqualified. 



FIVE MILE RUN. 

The five mile run taught America a lesson. It taught us that 
we are short of distance runners. Of course we at no time had 
hopes of winning, notwithstanding the fact that one of the best 
men we had in America started in this race. H. C. Hawtrey of 
England had no trouble in winning; John Svanberg of Sweden 
was second, and John J. Daly of Ireland finished third. He was 
a tired man. He and Dahl of Sweden made a great finish, run- 
ning neck and neck for the last sixty yards. Daly led Dah?, 
who was six inches behind him, but Daly, in an unconscious 
manner, did not run straightaway to the tape, but instead kept 
running in and out. thus making it an utter impossibility for 
Dahl to get by him. This of course, was a foul, claimed bv the 
Swedish representatives and allowed by the referee. Twenty- 
seven athletes took part in this event, the complete list of starters 
being as follows : 

D. Stammou, Thessaly (Greece); Ed Dahl, Sweden; F. M. 
Edwards, England; Arnost Nejedly, Bohemia; Er. Serrander, 
Sweden; H. Miiller, Germany; A. Tselopopoulos, Turkey; J. 
Svanberg, Sweden ; F. Skullerud, Norway ; I. Santorainos, 
Greece; Louis de Fleurac, France; Harvey Cohn, America; J. 
AlacGough, England ; W. G. Frank, America ; H. C. Hawtrey, 
England; Mulanakos, Greece; I. Ardsanites, Greece; Gaston 
Ragueneau, France ; G. V. Bonhag, America ; H. G. Weber, 
England ; A. R. Churchill, England ; Arthur Marson, Egypt ; 
Stephen Carnelly, England ; Kwieton, Austria ; D. Kanitsias, 
Greece ; G. Blake, Australia : J. J. Daly, Ireland. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 73 

no METERS HURDLE RACE. 

Trial heats and trials for second men held on Monday, April 20, 

1906; final on Tuesday, May i, 1906. 

Trial Heats. 
First heat — Hugo Friend, America, first ; V. Dunker, German}', 

second; Wallis D. Walters, England, third; time, 164-55. 

Won by half a yard. 
Second heat — R. G. Leavitt, America, first; H. Molinie, France, 

second; Ax Ljung. Sweden, third; time, 16 i-2s. Won 

easily. 
Third heat — H. Healy (Australia), Great Britain, first; G. Issi- 

gonis, Greece, second; time, 16 i-2s. Won easily. 
Heat for Second Men, Winner to Qualify. 
V. Dunker, Germany, first ; A. Molinie, France, second ; G. 

Issigonis, Greece, third; time, 172-5S. 

Final Heat. 
R. G. Leavitt, America, first; H. Healy (Australia^, Great 
Britain, second; V. Dunker, Germany, third; time, 161-53. 
Won by a foot. 
The hurdle race was divided into three heats, the winners to 
run in the final and the second men to have an extra heat, the 
winner to qualify for the final. Hugo Friend of America had no 
trouble whatever in winning the first heat. The second heat 
went to R. G. Leavitt of America, and the third heat went to 
Healy (Australia) of Great Britain. Dunker of Germany won 
the heat for second men. The final heat, between Leavitt and 
Healy, was as pretty a race as one would wish to look at. They 
raced neck and neck to the last jump, Leavitt winning by a foot 
in 16-1-5$. 

STANDING BROAD JUMP. 
Held on Wednesday, April 25, 1906. 
Ray C. Ewry, America, first. 3.30 meters (American distance, 
loft. loin.) ; M. J. Sheridan, America, second; 3.095 meters 
American distance, loft. I 7-8in.) ; L. Robertson, America, 
third, 3.05 meters (American distance, loft. i-i6in.). 
As the performance shows, Ewry was in a class by himself. 
Sheridan and Robertson had quite a competition for second place, 
beating the other competitors quite easily. The complete list of 
starters was as follows : 

H. Jardin. P'rance ; Ray Ewry, America; Haggman, Finland; 
P. Weinstein. Germany; M. Brustnian, (Itrinany; A. Petersen. 



^s^ 




MYER PRINSTEIN, OF THE AMERICAN TEAM, WINNER OF THE 
RUNNING BROAD JUMP. 

Cop.vi-ight Ptjoto by Bowdeii Bins., Loudon, EnglaiiJ. 



srAi.niNcrs athletic library. 75 

Denmark; L. Robertson, America; Kroyer. Austria; W. Ritzen- 
hof, Germany; Mallvvitz, Germany; H. W. Kerrigan, America; 
P. Ameras, Smyrna ; E. Anedsakes. Crete ; I. Kollaros. Egypt ; 
Tsikliteras, Greece; Somody, Hungary; Njal. Johansson. Swe- 
den ; Petit, Austria : M. J. Sheridan. America ; J. Wagner, Ger- 
many; Mudin. Hungary; A. Touferes. Greece; Maspoli. France; 
l.eos Dupont. Belgium; Lemming. Sweden; Low Niels, Den- 
mark; Bamhilla, Italy. 

One of the most spectacular sights of the games took place as 
the result of this competition, which was the raising of the three 
American flags for the three places won by the Americans. In 
this connection with the flag raising for first, second and third 
in this event, it may interest our readers to know what the 
Greek people thought of the American flags going up, and wc 
publish the following from Ilstia, an Athens newspaper, in its 
issue of April 26, 1906: 

THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER. 

The Stadium was covered yesterday by the Star Spangled Ban- 
ner, the flag of the Americans, having been hoisted three times, 
thanks to the invincible and fearful athletes whom the new world 
sent to us. The Pan-Americanism of the victorj^ has inspired 
with enthusiasm all the Americans, who raised their hurrahs up 
to the sky. Greece, as well as the other nations taking part in 
these games, are also enthusiastic about these victories. The 
speed with which the new world rises up in the horizon, the new 
world that has subdued the labor, that lives wMth the rush and 
the whirling everywhere, could not but shake the Stadium of 
Athens with its athletic triumphs. America longs for beauty as 
w-ell as for money. She wins the beautiful as well as the money. 
.America is one of the nations that tries to absorb the spirit of 
ancient Greek civilization. There you will find fervent ath- 
leticism, simplicity, love for nature. There you will find invi- 
tation of Parthenons spread all over on the quickly growing new 
cities. The .-Xmericans came here with all the ambitions of the 
new world ; for this we saluted yesterday at the Stadium their 
flag three times in succession. Famous works of the country of 
Ilingos (whirling). 

RUNNING BROAD JUMP. 
Held on Friday, April 27. 
Myer Prinstcin, America, first; distance, 7.2 meters (23ft. 
- i-jin.). • 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 77 

r. G. O'Connor (Ireland), Great Britain, second; distance, 7.025 

meters (23ft. i-2in.). 
Hugo Friend, America, third; distance, 6.845 meters (22ft. loin.). 

Prinstein made his winning jump on his first trial and he 
would have, undoubtedly-, made a better jump had it not been for 
the fact that he sprained his ankle very badly on the second 
jump of the finals, O'Connor only beating Friend for second 
place on his last jump. 

In reference to the protest made by O'Connor of Ireland to the 
effect that M. P. Ilalpin of the American team was the only 
judge present when Prinstein made his winning jump, and that 
he (O'Connor) had fouls unjustly called upon him, it may be 
said that Prinstein's jump was measured by Mr. Perry of 
England, and the measuring was witnessed not only by Mr. Hal- 
pin but Mr. Muller of Germany and Mr. Dahl of Sweden. On 
each side of the jumping pit there were boards with the measure- 
ments from the take-ofif board, and Mr. Muller stuck his cane 
at ^.2 on the outside of the board, when Prinstein's jump was 
measured as the best jump up to this time. 

The foul called on (i)'Connor was according to the rule adopted 
by the committee to the effect that if any part of a man's body 
fell behind the mark made by his feet, such jump would be de- 
clared foul. 

H. Mellander of Sweden, who had the fourth best jump, would 
have been a very dangerous competitor if he could hit the take- 
off board properly, as on his best jump of 6.585 he was a foot and 
a half behind the take-off board. 

Following is a complete list of competitors in the running 
broad jump, with each man's best performance (in meters) : 

G. Ronstrom, Sweden, 6.15; M. Brustman, Germany, 5.85; H. 
Friend, .America, 6.705 : N. Low, Denmark, 5.47 ; Mallwitz, Ger- 
many, 5.38; Myer Prinstein, America, 7.20; Somody, Hungary, 
6.045; Sidney Abrahams, Great Britain, 6.21; P. O'Connor (Ire- 
land), Great Britain, 6.815; A. Priftes, Greece, 5.30; Vargha, 
Hungary, 5.97; Stournkres, Greece, 6.035; Torreta, Italy, 5.68; 
N. Andredakis. Greece, 5.25 ; .Lampmayer, Austria, 5.385 ; Otto 
Bock, Denmark, 5.775 ; P. Wagner, Germany, 5.95 ; J. Runge, 
Germany, 5.815; L. Leon, Greece, 5.585; H. Mellander, Sweden, 
6.585; Kroyer, Austria, 5.725; Cronan, America, 6.185; Otto 
Kohout, Bohemia, 5.275 ; K. Petersen, Denmark, 5.575 ; P- Wein- 
stein, Germany. 5.76 ; Francis Connolly, America, 5.285 ; James 
Connollv, America, three fouls. 



SI'ALDIXCS ATIILF.TIC LIBRARY. 

HOP. STEP AND JLLMP. 

Held on Monday, April 30, \go(). 

P. G. O'Connor (Ireland^, Great Britain, tirst ; distance, 14.075 

meters (46ft. 2 i-8in.^ 
C. Leahy (Ireland), Great Britain, second; distance, 13.98 meters 

(45ft. i0 3-8in.). 
Thomas F. Cronan, America, third; distance, n.7 meters {44ft. 

Ii3-8m.) 
F.veryhody expected to see Leahy of Ireland win this event, 
hut he seemed to have trouble in hitting the '"take-off," only 
doing 13.98, which is not an extra good performance. Leahy 
led ail the way through the competition up to O'Connor's last 
jump, when the latter beat him for first place. Prinstein com- 
I)eted in this event, but could not do better than about 12.50 
meters, owing to the mishap to his ankle in the running broad 
jump. Eighteen athletes took part in this event, their names, 
country and best performance being also given : 

C. Leahy (Ireland), Great Britain, 13.98; Cronan, America, 
13.7; Polensky, Bohemia, 12.195; Low Niels, Denmark, 11.62; 
P. Weinstein, Germany, 12.615; Francis Connelly, America, 12.75; 
P. G. O'Connor (Ireland), Great Britain. 14.075; Lemming, 
Sweden, 12.195; C. Pedensen, Norway, 12.68; Kroyer, Austria, 
11.985: L. Leon, Greece, 11.96: X. Parsales, Turkey, 12.52; Myer 
Prinstein, America, 12.27: D. Muller, Greece, 13.125; S. Lelekos, 
Greece, 11.455; Os. Guttormsen. Norway, 13. ,34; Stournaras, 
Greece, 12.725 ; Brustman, Germany, three fouls. 



STANDING HIGH JUMP. 

Held on Tuesday, May i, 1906. 

Ray C. Ewry, America, first: height. 1.565 meters (5ft. i5-8in.). 

Alartin J. Sheridan, .\merica ; Leon DuPont, Belgium, and L. 

Robertson, America, tied for second with 1.4 meters (4ft. 
7 i-8in.). 

Ewry made an imsuccessful attempt for his own record of 
5 ft. 5 i-2in. All the Americans thought they would see another 
spectacular sight as a result of this event, the raising of three 
American flags — such as took place in the Standing Broad Jump 
—but Dupont of Belgium, who is a very good man, upset their 
calculations. Sheridan would undoubtedly have secured second 
place outright in this event had it not been for the fact that 
the Greek discus competition, in which it is unnecessary to say 
he was very much interested, was going on at the same time. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 81 

Some of the competitors from other countries had very remote 
ideas about the standing high jump, several thinking that they 
could take a few steps before the jump and others diving over 
the bar. Of course, these were declared foul jumps. 

Following is a complete list of the competitors in the Standing 
High Jump, with each man's best performance (in meters) : 

Ray Ewry, America, 1.45; Diachides, Greece, 1.25; Tsikliteras, 
Greece, 1.30; Kroyer, Austria, 1.125; Robertson, America, 1.40; 
M. J. Sheridan, America, 1.40; Leon Dupont, Belgium, 1.40; P. 
Weinstein, Germany, 1.25 ; Goenczy, Hungary, 1.35 ; Scegedi, 
Hungary, 1. 125. 

RUNNING HIGH JUMP. 

Held on Monday, April 30, 1906, and Tuesday, May i, 1906. 
C. Leahy (Ireland), Great Britain, first; height, 1.775 meters 

(5 ft. 9 7-8in.). 
Goenczy, Hungary, second; height, 1.75 meters (5ft. 8 7-8in.). 
H. W. Kerrigan and T. H. Diakidis, tliird ; height, 1,725 meters 
(5ft. 7 7-8in.;. 

The above performances were made on Tuesday, the com- 
petition stopping on Monday on account of darkness, at 1.675 
meters, with the following men left : C. Leahy, Ireland ; G. 
Runstrom, Sweden; T. H. Diakidis, Greece; Goenczy, Hungary; 
H. W. Kerrigan, America. 

The running high jump furni.shed somewhat of -a surprise. It 
was confidently e.xpected that Kerrigan of America .-would push 
Leahy. Kerrigan, however, owing to the Barbarossa accident, 
was inches behind his true form, and that he got -as good as 
third surprised those who knew the condition of tlie man, for he 
was anything but well. 

The jumping of the different contestants here proved con- 
clusively that outside of Kerrigan and Leahy^ the others knew 
none of the fine points of high jumping. The Greek and the 
Hungarian who figured in the high jump, jumped purely with 
strength — with no science — and did remarkably well. One of tlie 
contestants who cleared 1.75 took oft at least 10 feet or more 
from the bar, and who in making his qualifying jump slipped at 
least eighteen inches, having no spikes in his shoes. Such jump- 
ing is simply remarkable under such conditions; It only goes to 
show what these foreigners will do when they take up scientifc 
jumping. '* 

Folk)wing is a complete list of competitors in the running 
high jump: C. Lealiy (Ireland), Great Britain; G. Ronstrnm, 
Sweden; N. Mourniourt-s, (Inece; Szegedy, Ihnigary; Th. 



Sr.M.Dl.S-GS ATIILETIO LIBRART. 



Diakidcs, (irocce: Papot, iM-ancc ; Drosinos. Greece; Leon Du- 
pont, Belgium; 11. Bgolgerud. Norway; Soniody. Hungary; 
VVeinstein, Germany; P. G. O'Connor (Ireland), Great Britain; 
Geonczy, Hungary, Otto Beck, Denmark; H. W. Kerrigan, 
America ; Sodcrstrom, Sweden ; Petit, Austria ; Kroyer, Austria ; 



POLE VAULT. 

Held on Wednesday, April 25, 1906. 
Gouder, France, first; height, 3.5 meters (lift. 6in.). 
B. Soderstrom, Sweden, second; height, 3.4 meters ('lift. 

I 4-5i"-)- 
v.. C. Glover, America, third; height, 3.35 meters (lift.) 

Ten athletes took part in this event. 

France produced a real champion at this game and is cer- 
tainly entitled to all the honors. That that country should cap- 
ture the pole vault was not a matter of surprise to the athletes 
who had been practicing in the gymnasium outside of the 
Stadium, for during Gouder's preliminary work he did some re- 
markable pole vaulting, clearing twelve feet with ease. 

The competition had a large number of starters, but they 
were a poor lot of pole vaulters, for when the bar was at eleven 
feet, but three men were left in ; Gouder of France, Soder- 
strom of Sw-eden and Glover of America. All three men tried 
for II feet 6 inches, the Frenchman having no trouble in clear- 
ing it and winning the world's championship. 

Glover w-as certainly interfered with in trying for this height. 
In one of his trials, he got a good run and certainly felt that he 
would clear this distance when an official crossed his path, 
making him lose his balance. The accident might have been 
serious and many think that this accounts for his not doing 
better. The winner used a bamboo pole and had it wrapped 
around the small part ; in fact all of the competitors, except 
Glover, used the same kind of a bamboo pole, which certainly 
gave them an advantage and grip. It is doubtful if such a pole 
would be allowed in America. 

THROWING THE DISCUS. GREEK STYLE. 
Held on Tuesday, May i, igo6. 
Jaervinen, Finland, first; distance, 35.17 meters (115ft. 4in.). 
Georgantas. Greece, second; distance, 32.8 meters (107ft. 

7 5-i6in.). 
Mudin, Hungary, third; distance, 31.91 meters (104ft. 8 i-4in.). 




MARTIN J. SHERIDAN, 
Winner of the Discus Throw (Free Style). 



srAI.DlNCS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 85 

THROWING THE DISCUS, FREE STYLE. 

Held on Wednesday, April 25, 1906. 

M. J. Sheridan, America, first; distance, 41.46 meters (137ft 

i-3in.). 
Georgantas, Greece, second; distance, 38.06 meters (124ft. lOin.). 
Jaervinen, Finland, third; distance 36.82 meters (120ft. 9.9- i6in.). 

THROWING THE DISCUS. 

In discussing throwing the discus I will refer to both styles. 
The discus throwing at Atlicns did cause quite some comment. 
The authorities in Greece certainly must be given credit for 
knowing what is discus throwing. 

At the revival of the Olympic Games in 1896 they had a discus 
event. This was won by Robert Garrett of America. Garrett 
brought the discus to America, it was copied, and discus throw- 
ing became popular in this country. We immediately classed it 
as one of our weight-throwing events and had it thrown from 
a seven- foot circle, paying no attention to the poses at the start- 
let a man stand in the arena and hurl it as far as he could — 
with the result that it developed into a weight-throwing com- 
petition, losing all of its classic features. 

At this particular game America excelled, and we have pro- 
duced in the person of Martin Sheridan the greatest discus 
thrower in the world, insofar as it pertains to the free or Amer- 
ican style, but in following the American or free style of going 
for distance or records we have, no doubt, lost sight entirely of 
what real discus throwing is like. The Greek authorities knew 
this. Then they resolved that a rule must be formed particu- 
larly to have the discus thrown according to the old method, 
the method followed by the ancients, and as a result, for the 
Olympic Games of 1906, two discus events appeared on the pro- 
gramme. 

The free style of throwing was easily won by Martin Sheri- 
dan. This was in accordance with what was expected. - Then . 
came throwing the discus, Greek style. Certainly vve, in America, 
never saw discus throwing as it was practiced in Greece, for 
we must admit that at no time in our style of throwing does 
the contestant assume any of the positions that are illustrated 
by the statues and paintings of the Greek discus thrower. 

For the benefit of those who were not at Athens we publish 
elsewhere in this volume several illustrations, and a description 
showing how the discus is thrown, Greek style. Herewith also 
will be found the official rule on how to throw the discus which 
governs the competition at Athens, 




JAERVINEN, FINLANDER, WINNER OF DISCUS THROW-GREEK 
STYLE. 

Copyright Photo by Branger, Paris, 



spalding's athletic library. 87 

Hellenic Methods of Throwing the Discus. 

ARTICLE 25. 

((/) For this test a pedestal 80 centimeters long and 70 centi- 
meters broad is inclined, with a maximum height of 15 centi- 
meters behind and a minimum height of 5 centimeters in front. 

(b) The Hellenic method of throwing the discus is something 
like the following: 

The thrower places himself on the pedestal with the feet apart, 
and holding the discus in either hand. He then takes it with 
both hands slightly stretched, lifting them without letting go the 
discus, and stretching out the rest of his body in the same way 
in the same direction. After that he turns the trunk slightly to 
the right and bends sharply, so as to bring the left hand when 
free to the right knee, and the right hand still holding the discus, 
as far back as the build of the shoulder permits. At this moment 
the right foot should be forward and the legs bent ; the right 
foot rests on the sole, and the left on the toes only. Then by a 
sharp and simultaneous extension of the whole body, the thrower 
throws the discus straight in front of him. 

(c) In this test the competitor has the right to leave the ped- 
estal in the very moment of throwing. 

(d) The distance is measured by a straight line going from 
the point where the discus touches the ground for the first time 
to the middle of the front part of the pedestal. 

From this it can be judged how different our style of throw- 
ing is. 

Now when one studies the rule and the poses, he can see that 
discus throwing is an event that should be encouraged, particu- 
larly when the Greek rules are lived up to and understood. In 
this' particular event at Athens, however, I doubt if there was a 
man entered in the competition who 'knew exactly what he had 
to do. other than George Georgantas. The officials knew what 
the contestants were to do. I think myself that the competition 
was spoiled by the interference of a lot of officials who knew 
much less about throwing the discus (Greek style) than the 
contestants themselves. When the competition commenced the 
judges were three Greek gentlemen. They knew the rules, 
knew what was expected, and as a result they were absolutely 
fair, and when a man threw irregular, his throw was declared a 
foul. This went all right until the discus throwers from several 
countries were declared out. Then it was up to the friends of 
the contestants and they made it appear as though the jury- 
men and Greek officials were unfair. They were not unfair; 
very few of the men that competed threw the discus according 



SPALDING'vS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 89 

to the Greek rules, for how could they? They did not under- 
stand the rules and never saw the discus thrown that way. 
After the competition was partly spoiled with objections, the 
Greek officials made a mistake in being lenient. Martin Sheri- 
dan's throw was disallowed, as well as many others. It was 
particularly noticeable that the representatives of some of the 
contestants made all kinds of claims, and the result was that the 
Greek officials felt they would be criticised and called unfair, so 
they allowed several men to throw in doubtful style; that is, 
to my way of thinking. I thought the winner of the discus did 
not throw according to the Greek style, but the Greek officials, 
wanting to please everyone and not wanting to appear unfair to 
anyone, allowed Mr. Jaervinen of Finland ("The Big Finn") to 
score the victory. It can be truthfully said that if this Fin- 
lander's style was Greek style, so was Sheridan's. 

There can be no question whatever but what the Greek style 
is the proper way to throw the discus and the style that should 
be encouraged. Furthermore, the authorities should form laws 
that would be international. They should have drawings made 
so that the different officials in any part of the world may be 
able to decide according to the Greek rules. I think that if 
Sheridan had studied the rules for a couple of weeks he could 
easily have distanced Mr. Jaervinen or Mr. Georgantas, and if 
we adopt the style he will make a new record. 

Georgantas played the baby act in this event, and it was too 
bad that he did not follow the principles of the Greek officials 
who presided over this event. The officials felt that this was a 
new competition to many, and they decided as they thought, in 
the interest of fair amateur sport, to be lenient. His action 
in going to the pedestal or box and throwing in the free style 
after the competition was declared over, which throw distanced 
all others, was uncalled for and he certainly merited the rebuke 
that he received. When Sheridan knew that his style was not 
the right style, he left the field amid the plaudits of thousands. 
Georgantas should have done the same thing. 

Following is a full list of competitors in the free style dis- 
cus-throwing contest: N. Dorizas, Turkey, G. Papakristnu. 
Greece ; ; Defifarge, France ; Patit, Austria ; Masprone. Italy : Fr. 
Sousck, Bohemia ; Lemming, Sweden ; Strauss, Hungary ; Lunt- 
zer, Hungary; Haltenbach, Germany; M. J. Sheridan, America; 
Jaervinen, Finland ; B. Papageorgiou, Greece ; N. Georgantas. 
Greece; Edgren, America; David, Hungary; Aohlman, Finland; 
M. Sustera, Bohemia; W. Dorr, Germany; Maudin, Hungary; 
Tison, France; U. llaggman, Finland, 



SPALDING S ATHLRTIC LIBRARY. 81 

PUTTING THE SHOT. 

Held on Friday. April 27, 1906. 

M. J. Sheridan, America, first ; distance, I2.,325 meters (4oh, 

4 4-5in.). 
David, Hungary, second; distance, 11.83 meters (38ft. 9 3-5in.). 
Temming, Sweden, third; distance, 11.26 meters (36ft. i0 4-5in.). 

Tliis was won by that sterHng, all-round champion, Martin 
Sheridan, who, during the Olympic Games, easily maintained his 
reputation — that of being the world's greatest all-round athlete. 

The jury, at a meeting prior to the holding of this event, de- 
cided that the shot should be put according to the American and 
English rules, and the officials certainly had their hands full. 
Many of the contestants had not the slightest idea of what shot- 
putting meant and the officials on several occasions were forced 
to declare the puts of some contestants "no put." This was par- 
ticularly true of Jaervinen, "The Big Finn," as the boys called 
him. Had he been allowed to throw the shot he certainly would 
have won. 

Sheridan's victory was a popular one, and, in fact, every time 
the American all-round champion appeared in the Stadium he 
was cheered to the echo. 

Eighteen athletes took part in this event 



THROWING THE JAVELIN. 

Held on Friday, April 26, 1906. 

Lemming, Sweden, first; distance, 53.49 meters (175ft. 6in.). 
Knut Lindberg, Sweden, second; distance, 45.17 meters (148ft. 

2 2-5in.). 

B. Soderstnim, Sweden, third; distance 44.92 meters (147ft. 

4 4-5in-). 
H. Mellander, Sweden, fourth; distance, 44.30 meters (r45ft. 

3 3-5in-). 

America didliot have a starter in the javelin throwing contest, 
simply because it was an event that our athletes knew absolutely 
nothing about. It is a pretty event and will no doubt become 
popular in this country. The Swedes certainly had things all 
their own way in this competition. It was an event that prac- 
tically was a gift to them. 

Following is a complete list of actual competitors in the jave- 
lin throwing contest: Kaltenbach; Germany; Arne Halse, Fin- 



SPALDING'S ATHLET.O LIBRARY. 93 

land; Br. SodersUinii, Sweden; Fr. Soucek, Bohemia; H. Mel- 
lander, Sweden; David, Hungary; C. Carlsrud, Norway; E. 
Anedsakes, Crete; E. Parouses, Greece; B. Papageorgiou, Greece; 
Aiudin, Hungary; Luntzer, Hungary; Jaervinen, Finland; E. 
Antoniades, Samos ; Knut Lindberg, Sweden ; Lemming, Swe- 
den ; Aohlman, Finland ; A. Tsolias, Greece ; Weinstein, Ger- 
many; Heitman, Finland; Strauss, Hungary; Vargha, Hungary. 



ATHLETIC PENTATHLUM. 

Held on Monday, .\pril 30, and Tuesday, May i, 1906. 
This competition consists of the following events, contested in 
the order named : 

Standing Broad Jump, 
Throwing the Discus (Greek style), 
-Throwing the Javelin, 

Running one Olympic Stade (iqj meters). 
Wrestling (Greco-Roman). 
The points were scored according to how the men finished, 
the man with the lowest number of points winning the compe- 
tition. After three events had been contested, all but the eight 
men with the lowest scores were eliminated, and after the run, 
two more men with the highest scores were eliminated, leaving 
six men with lowest scores for the wrestling event, which was a 
round-robin competition. 

The order of finish was as follows : 
11. Mellander, Sweden, first, 24 points; Mudin, Hungary, second, 
25 points ; Lemming, Sweden, third, 29 points ; U. Haggman, 
Finland, fourth, 34 points ; L. Robertson, America, fifth, 36 
points; Knut Lindberg, Sweden, sixth, 2>7 points. 
Robertson was first in the standing broad jump and in the run; 
Mudin was first in the wrestling and discus, and Lemming was 
first in the javelin. 

It was in the Pentathlum that JNlartin Sheridan's knee went 
back on him, showing conclusively that he, like the others, suf- 
fered from the accident on board the Barbarossa. This mishap 
to Sheridan accounts for his not winning the Pentathlum — the 
all-around championship of the world. 

TUG-OF-WAR. 
Held on Monday. .April 30. IQ06. 
Germany, first ; Greece, sect)nd ; Sweden, third. 




s 

« I 






SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 95 

1,500 METERS WALK. 
Held on Monday, April 30, 1906. 
George V. Bonhag, America, first; Donald J. Linden (Canada), 
Great Britain, second ; K. Spetsiotis, Greece, third ; G. Sara- 
dakis, Greece, fourth; time, 7m. 123-53. 

This ended as many walking competitions will end — in dispute — 
and it is doubtful if a walk will ever appear on the Olympic 
programme again — and it should not. This walking match clearly 
demonstrated that it is well nigh impossible for a jury of men 
to become a unit when a man's style of walking is questioned. 

There were many starters in this race, some of them good 
walkers — according to their own ideas — but they were disquali- 
fied by the jury. When George Bonhag of America finished first 
there was a consultation of the four jurymen; two felt positive 
that he walked fairly and two felt equally as positive that he 
walked unfairly, and the matter was finally settled when the 
president of the jury cast his vote in favor of Bonhag. 

Bonhag did not e.xpect to win this race. He just entered into 
the spirit of it and thought he would like to see how he com- 
pared with other first-class walkers. Bonhag certainly walked as 
fairly as any of the placed men. 

Following is a complete list of actual competitors in the 1,500 
meters walk: Saradakis, Turkey; Spiegler. Austria; A. Kouris, 
Greece; D. J. Linden (Canada), Great Britain; X. Basilakos, 
Greece ; R. E. Wilkinson, England ; K. Spetsiotes, Greece ; G. V. 
Bonhag, America ; Stantics, Hungary. 

ROPE CLIMB, 10 METERS (32ft. 8in.), HAND OVER 
HAND, AGAINST TIME. 
Held on Thursday, April 26, 1906. 
D. .Miprantis, Greece, first; time, 11 2-55. 
Eroldi, Hungary, second ; time. 13 4-5S. 
K. Kozanitas, Greece, third ; time, 13 4-5S. 

The rope climbing competition was interesting and the win wa.s 
popular, owing to the fact that the winner was a Greek. His 
time for thirty-two feet was very fast going and the world's 
record at this game. 

MARATHON RACE. 

Hold on Tuesday, May i, 1906. 

A Greek did not win the Marathon race, and for the good it 

would have done sport, it is too bad that a runner of that na- 

tionalitv did not carry ofif the honors. To be sure, we all give 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAH^. 97 

great credit to W. J. Sherring of Canada. He ran a plucky race 
and used great judgment throughout and is entitled to all the 
glory that naturally goes with a victory in this the most impor- 
tant race of the Olympic Games. 

The Greeks felt confident that they would win this event. Not 
only the Greeks but the representatives from a great many 
of the foreign countries predicted that Greece would surely have 
the winner. Among the Greeks themselves the greatest confi- 
dence prevailed. In discussing the race before it took place they 
would claim that "Greece had a very large entry in it ; their men 
knew the course ; the others did not, and furthermore, didn't 
they win the Marathon Race in 1896?" They seemed to place 
too much reliance on Louis' win in 1896. 

The field in 1906 was a different one. The men that came there 
from foreign countries were trained athletes — training for years. 
The competitors in the Marathon race were the pick of distance 
runners in their respective countries, and, as a result, the Greeks 
never had a chance, the first Greek home finishing fifth. It was 
clearly evident from observation and investigation that the Greeks 
did not go into the training of their Marathon men in a scien- 
tific manner. It is too bad they did not, for had they won I 
doubt if there would have been a man in Stadium that would 
have been displeased. 

The Marathon race, of course, is a Greek event, and no amount 
of charging can alter it. The distance is about 26 miles. It 
starts from Marathon and finishes in the Stadium. The race was 
very well managed, the course patrolled perfectly and no com- 
plaint can possibly be made by any of the contestants. There was 
not a soldier left in the barracks on the day of the Marathon 
race ; they were all out on the course, to see that everything was 
conducted fairly. At about every five miles there was an emer- 
gency tent, with medical attendants to take care of those who 
desired to discontinue the rrce. Mounted officers followed the 
leaders, changing their mount at about every five miles. 

The committee sent all of the contestants, numbering fifty- 
three, to Marathon the night before the race. This was quite a 
large number. I have heard that the accommodations there were 
not up-to-date, and complaints have been heard from some of 
the runners. Personally, I think it was a mistake to send the 
men out the night before ; they could just as well have been sent 
out on the day of the Marathon race in automobiles or carriages 
and would have stood the journey much better. 

The race was started promptly at 3 p. m., and immediately the 
official watches were dispatched to the Stadium in charge of 
Regiliald Caridia. At the crack of the starter's pistol, Blake, 




W. G. FRANK, AMERICA, FINISHING THIRD IN THE MARATHON 
RACE. 
Copyrigbt Thuto by Bowdeu Bros., Lomlou, England. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 99 

the Australian, jumped to the lead; Will Frank, the American, 
was next and Daly of Ireland was third. These positions were 
maintained by the runners for the first four miles, when Frank 
took the lead, lie lead from about the fourth to the seventh 
mile, when Rlake again took the lead, which he kept till about 
fifteen miles had been covered. Frank was second and Sherring 
third. At this point Sherring, who was running quite easily and 
with no efifort whatever, took the lead and was never headed. 
Frank kept in second place until within a few miles of home 
when the Swede, Svanbcrg, passed him. Sherring, continuing, 
first, had no trouble whatever in taking a decided lead and 
reached the Stadium eight minutes ahead of the second man. 

As Sherring entered the Stadium he was met at the door by 
Prince George, who ran with him the entire length of the 
Stadium, applauding him vigorously. The 80,000 people within 
the Stadium were Greek sympathizers, but they took their cue 
from the sportsmanlike conduct of the Prince and cheered Sher- 
ring as no victor was ever cheered before in an athletic contest. 
The King and the members of the Royal Family applauded him, 
and a large bouquet of flowers was sent to him by Queen Olga. 
.\s Sherring entered the marble arch doorway leading to the 
dressing room it was through a shower of roses that he went, 
which certainly must have gratified that plucky victor. 

On the day of the Marathon race it looked as though the 
people from all parts of Greece were congregated in the Stadium 
or its vicinity — at the gates and on the Hill of Ardettos — and 
on the Marathon road for miles out. The contestants themselves 
say that they never saw such a crowd as lined the roads for at 
least five miles from the Stadium gate. There must have been 
150,000 spectators on the road, in addition to 80,000 in the 
Stadium and 40,000 on the hills surrounding the Stadium— a 
spectacle long to be remembered. 

It is only fair to Frank to say that he was for a long time 
without an attendant, the attendant assigned to him having the 
misfortune to have his bicycle break down, which of course was 
to Frank's disadvantage. 

The Greeks started enough men in this race to win, for the 
clerk of the course checked up no less than thirty-three Greek 
starters. 

Following w-ill be found the names of the first fourteen men 
home : 

W. J. Sherring (Canada), Great Britain, first; John Svanberg. 
Sweden, second ; W. G. Frank, America, third ; G. Tornros, 
Sweden, fourth ; J. Alepous, Greece, fifth ; Geo. Blake, Austria, 
sixth ; K. Karvellas, Greece, seventh ; Rofi, France, eighth ; B. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 101 

Koskoris, Greece, ninth ; C. H. Ntabaris, Greece, tenth ; G. 
Chountoumadis, Greece, eleventh; J. Forshaw, America, twelfth; 
V. L. Ncgrepontes, Turkey, thirteenth ; N. J. Cormack, England, 
fourteenth. 

Time. 2 hours 51 min. 233-5 sec. 

Won by 7 minutes. Frank's time, 3 hours 46 4-5 sec. 

1 he Greek Committee had special rules drawn up for the 
Marathon race. The race was run on the high road from 
Marathon to Athens, which is steep and hilly until j^yithin a 
couple of miles of ihe Stadium, and is a hard course, i he road 
is built of macadam and was fairly good going. The da> on 
which the Marathon race was run was frightfully hot, which af- 
fectfcd the runners a great deal. Each contestant was entitled to 
be followed by one handler on a bicycle, bearing on his chest the 
same number as that of the contestant. He was permitted to 
offer the contestant medicines or refreshments at any time during 
the race. If the runner was attended by two or more handlers 
he was immediately disqualified, and each entry had to declare the 
name of his handler before the race was started. It was not 
necessary, however, for one handler to follow a man the entire 
distance. The runner could declare separate handlers at various 
points of the road. They would have to bear the same number as 
the contestant, however, but of dififerent colors, each section of 
the road being designated by a certain color. Immediately on 
reaching the arch in front of the Stadium the handler must 
leave the runner and enter by a different gate. Each contestant 
before being allowed to start was examined as to his physical 
condition. 

The start of the race was witnessed by about 300 peasants who 
took great interest in it. For the first twenty miles of the race 
the runners ran through knots of people, but no large crowds. 
The crowds began to increase about five miles from home and 
from this point on the officers in charge at times had to use 
force to get a space of three feet for the men to come through. 

Frank and Sherring ran together for several miles of the 
journey, and at about the eighteenth mile, when Sherring was 
leaving Frank he called out : "Well, good-bye, Billy," and off he 
went on his triumphal run. 

LIFTING THE BAR BELL WITH BOTH HANDS. 

Held on Thursday morning, April 28, 1906. 

D. Tofolas, first, with a lift of 142.08 kilos (313 7-iolbs.) . 

Steinbach, Austria, second, with a lift of 136. 50 kilos (300 17-20 lbs.). 

Maspoli, France, Rondi, France. Schneiderreit, Germany, tied for 

third, with 132.2 kilos (2909-iolbs.). 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 103 

This umpetition was interesting and exciting and without 
doubt the final test was between two of the strongest amateurs 
in the world. Some people criticised the actions of Mr. Stein- 
l)ach in this event — and justly so. There was ill-feeling, of 
course, and he was mainl}' responsible for it. 

When the final test came it was found by the jury that Mr. 
Steinbach objected to the Greek rules, which prescribed how 
the bar bell should be lifted. Steinbach could not — or would not 
— lift the bar according to these rules. D. Tofolas of Greece 
could — and did. Steinbach made three baby-like attempts to lift 
the weight and finally dropped it in disgust. Tofolas made three 
very good attempts ; two of them were not allowed, but the third 
was made according to the rules and he was declared the winner. 

After the competition was over, after the jury had left the 
weights and Tofolas had been declared the winner, Steinbach 
came back to the particular weight that Tofolas had lifted and 
then easily raised it according to his own method. 

Of course, those in the Stadium did not know that he had 
raised it wrongly and the result was that the fair-minded Greeks 
thought that Steinbach had been robbed of a victory, and for 
the moment the jury became very unpopular. This was a very 
unsportsmanlike act on the part of Mr. Steinbach, and no doubt 
he regrets it now more than any one. He is a great weight 
lifter, but was fairly l)eaten in this competition according to the 
rules laid down. 

Following is the rule that Mr. Steinbach of Austria would not 
live up to : 

(c) It is "forbidden to let the weight rest on the 
knees or on the stomach in lifting it to the shoulder. 
But, if in carrying it from the shoulder above the 
head, the bar touches the chest of the competitor, 
the lifting is taken into consideration. 

l'"olIowing is a complete list of competitors in the two-handed 
weight lifting event: Cammilloti, Italy; K. Tsitas, Greece; D. 
Tofolas, Greece ; P. Kakousis, Greece; Phillipe Nassif, Egypt; 
S. Krestopoulos, Greece ; A. Rudel, Egypt ; M. Dubois, Belgium ; 
C. Svensson, Sweden ; I. Barannakes, Greece ; Geogriades, 
Smyrna; Steinbach, Austria; M. Photas, Greece; Rebora, Italy; 
.Vug. Gustafsson. Sweden; Salemi, Italy; Anton Gustafsson, 
Sweden; Maspoli, France, M. Jensen, Denmark; Grahl, Austria; 
E. Columbani. Egypt; Weisz, Hungary; Ritzenhof, Germany; 
Schneiderrcit, Germany. 




GEORGE GEORGANTAS, GREEK ENTRY, IN THE ACT OF THROW- 
ING THE STONE. HE WON THIS CHAMPIONSHIP. 

Copyright Photo by Bowden Bros., London, England. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 105 

DUMB-BELL COMPETITION. 
Lifting the Dumb-Bell with each hand separately. 
Stcinbach, Austria, first; 76.550 kilos ( 168 3-5lbs.). 
Camillotti, Italy, second; 73.450 kilos ( 161 3-4lbs.). 
Schneiderreit, Germany, third; 70.750 kilos (i561bs.). 

THROWING THE STONE. 

Held on Friday, April 27, 1906. 

Georgantas, Greece, first; distance, 19.94 meters (65ft. 41-sin.). 

-M. J. Sheridan, America, second; distance, 19.031 meters (62ft. 

4 4-5in.). 
M. Dorizas, Greece, third; distance, 18.56 meters (60ft. 9in.). 

George Georgantas of Greece won this event in good style 
and deserves a great deal of credit for beating Sheridan, who is 
an extraordinary good man at almost any event, and Georgantas' 
win was a popular one. Of course, had James S. Mitchel been 
a competitor he would certainly have won this event, for, in 
stone throwing, I doubt if he has a peer. 

Mitchel was one of the unfortunates that were injured in the 
Barbarossa accident ; in fact, more so than the others, for he 
has his shoulder dislocated and it was utterly impossible for him 
to throw the stone. Sheridan's work in this event was simply 
remarkable. This is something he had never expected to enter 
It only goes to show that Sheridaio was a safe man for any event 
that America wished to enter him in. 

Following is a complete list of actual competitors in the stone- 
throwing contest : 

O. Franke, Germany ; Deflfarge, France ; Witmann, Austria ; 
M. J. Sheridan, America ; J. Wagner, Germany ; Kaltenbach, 
Germany ; Aohlmann, Finland ; G. Papakrestou, Greece ; M. 
Doridsas, Turkey ; Lahner, Austria ; Lemming, Sweden ; N. 
Georgantas. Greece; Jaervinen, Finland; David, Hungary; B. 
Papageorgiou, Greece; Ritzenhof, Germany. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAUY. 



COMPLETE SUMMARY 

Part I. 
ATHLETIC SPORTS— TRACK AND FIELD. 

loo meter run — i. Archie Hahn, America; 2. F. Moulton, Amer- 
ica; 3. Nigel Barker (Australia), Great Britain. Time, 
II i-5sec. 

no meter hurdles — i. R. G. Leavitt, America; 2. H. Healy (Aus- 
tralia) Great Britain; 3. V. Dunker, Germany. Time, 
16 1-5SCC. 

400 meter run — i. P. H. Pilgrim, America; 2. W. Ilalswell, Eng- 
land; 3. Nigel Barker (Australia), Great Britain. Time, 
53 i-5sec; 

800 meter run — i. P. H. Pilgrim, America ; 2. J. D. Lightbody, 
America; 3. W. Halswell, England. Time, 2min. i i-5sec. 

1500 meter run — i. J. D. Lightbody. America; 2. J. MacGough 
(Scotland), Great Britain; 3. Kr. Hellestrom, Sweden. 
Time, 4min. I2sec. 

5.-mile run — i. H. Hawtrey, England; 2. J. Svanberg, Sweden; 
3. Ed. Dahl, Sweden. Time, 26min. 26 i-5sec. 

Marathon run, 42 kilometers (26 miles approximately^ — i. W. J. 
Sherring (Canada), Great Britain; time, 2hrs. simin. 
23 3-5sec. 2. J. Svanberg, Sweden ; time, 2hrs. sSmin. 
20 4-5sec. 3. W. G. Frank, America ; time, 3hrs. 46 4-5sec. 

Standing broad jump — i. Ray Ewry, America ; distance, loft. 
loin. 2. M. Sheridan, America; distance, loft. I 7-8in. 
3. L. Robertson. America; distance, loft. i-i6in. 

Running broad jump — i. Myer Prinstein, America; 23ft. 7 i-2in. 

2. P. G. O'Connor (Ireland), Great Britain; 23ft. i-2in. 

3. H. Friend, America; 22ft. loin. 

Standing high jump — i. Ray Ewry. America; 5ft. i 5-8in. 2. Leon 

Dupont, Belgium ; M. Sheridan, America ; L. Robertson, 

America ; 4ft. 7 i-8in. 
Running high jump — i. Leahy (Ireland), Great Britain; 5ft. 

gin. 2. Goenczy, Hungary; 5ft. 8 7-8in. 3. Diakidis, Greece; 

Kerrigan, America; 5ft. 7 7-8in. ,' 

'I'riplc jumper. P. G. O'Connor (Ireland)"", Great Britain; 46ft. 

2in. 2. C. Leahy (Ireland), Great Br itatri.; 45ft. 10 3-8in. 

3. T. Cronan, America; 44ft. 11 3-8in. 



SPALDINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 109 

Pole vault — I. Gouder, fVancc ; lift. 6in. 2. Snderstrom, Sweden; 
lift. I 4-5iii. 3. E. Glover, America; lift. 

Throwing the di.scus (Greek style) — i. Jaervinen, Finland, 
115ft. 4in. 2. N. Georgantas, Greece; 107ft. 7 5-i6in. 3. 
Mudin, Hungary; 104ft. 8 i-4in. 

Throwing the discus (free style) — i. M. Sheridan, America; 
136ft. i-3in. 2. Georgantas, Greece; 124ft. loin. 3. Jaervin- 
en. Finland; 120ft. 9 9-i6in. 

Throwing the stone (14 lbs.) — i. Georgantas, Greece, 6sft. 4i-Sin. 

2. M. Sheridan, America ; 62ft. 4 4-5in. 3. Dorizas, Greece ; 
60ft. gin. 

Putting the shot — i. M. Sheridan, America ; 40ft. sin. 2. David, 
Hungary ; 38ft. 9 3-5in. 3. Lemming, Sweden ; 36ft. 10 4-51"- 

Throwing the Javelin — i. Lemming, Sweden; 175ft. 6in. 2. Lind- 
berg, Sweden; 148ft. 2 2-5in. 3. Soderstrom, Sweden, 147ft. 
4-Sin. 

ATHLETIC PENTATHLUM. 

All Around Championship. 

Five Events. 

1. Mellander, Sweden, 24 points ; 

2. Mudin, Hungary, 25 points ; 

3. Lemming, Sweden, 29 points. 

Bar bell lifting. 2 hands — i. Tofalos, Greece, 142.08 kilos (3137-10 

lbs.). 2. Steinbach, Austria, 136.50 kilos (300 17-20 lbs.). 3. 

IMaspoli, France ; Rondi, Germany ; Schneiderreit, Germany, 

132 kilos (290 9-10 lbs.). 
Dumb-bell lifting, either hand — i. Steinbach, Austria, 76.550 kilos 

(1683-5 lbs.). 2. Camilloti, Italy, 73.450 kilos (161 3-4 lbs.). 

3. Schneiderreit, Germiny, 70.750 kilos (156 lbs.). 
Wrestling (Greek style), light-weight class — i. Watzl, Austria. 

2. Karlsen, Denmark. 3. Holuban, Hungary. 

Wrestling (Greek style), middle-weight class — i. Weckman, Fin- 
land. 2. Lindmayer. Austria. 3. Behrens, Denmark. 

Wrestling (Greek style), heavy-weight class — i, J. Jensen, Den- 
mark. 2. Baur, Austria. 3. M. Dubois, Belgium. 

Wrestling championship — Won by J. Jensen of Denmark. 

Team wrestling — i. German team (Rondi, Schneiderreit, Born, 
Wagner, Kramer, Dorr, Ritzenhof, Hofmann). 2. Greek 
team (Bellas, Triboulidcs, Papakristou, B. Psakos, Sp. 
Ladsaros, Tsitas, G. Psakos. K. Ladsaros). 3 Swedish team. 

1500 meter walk — i. G. V. Bonhag, America. 2. Donald Linden, 
Canada. 3. Spctsiotis, Greece. Time, 7iTiin. i2-3-5sec. 




GEORGE V. BONHAG, AMERICA, WINNING THE 1500 METER RACE. 
Copyright I'hoto bj- Bowdeu Bros., London, England. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. Ill 

Rope-climbing contest, distance lO meters (32ft. 9,3-5in.) — i, G. 
Aliprantis, Greece; time, Ii2-5sec. 2. Erodi, flnngary; time, 
i3 4-5sec. 3. Kozanitas, Greece; time, 13 4-5sec. 

Tiig-of-vvar — i. German)-. 2. Greece. 3. Sweden. 

Part II. 

GYMNASTICS. 

Team gj^mnastics — i. Norwegian team ; Danish team. 2. Italian 

team (Pitchogue) ; Italian team (Rome) ; German team. 

All Around Gymnastic Championships. 

Five Events. 

First class — Lavielle, France; Weber, Germany; Pissie, France; 
Braglia, Italy; Schwartz, Germany; Ohms, Germany; Paysse, 
France ; Kramer, Germany ; Charmoille, France ; Gubiani, 
Italy: N. Aliprantis, Greece; Erodi, Hungary; Honzatko, 
Bohemia ; Massoti, Italy. 

Second class — Anastassoglous, Greece ; Akestoridis, Greece ; 
Schirmer, Germany ; Wiegand, Germany ; Despotopoulos, 
Greece ; G. Aliprantis, Greece ; Daner, Hungary ; Mahler, 
Germany ; Andersen, Norway ; Polakis, Greece ; Graff, Hun- 
gary; Hermes, Germany; Wagner, Germany. 

All Around Gymnastic Championships. 
Six Events. 

First class — Weber, Germany; Pissie, France; Braglia, Italy; 

Ohms, Germany ; Paysse, France ; Carmoille, France ; 

Gubiani, Italy; Erodi, Hungary; Massoti, Italy. 
Second class — Lavielle, France; Schirmer, Germany; Wiegand, 

Germany ; Daner, Hungary ; Kramer, Germany ; Mahler, 

Germany; Polakis, Greece; Honzatko, Bohemia. 

GENERAL FIELD SPORTS. 

Part III. 

LAWN TENNIS. 

Gentlemen's singles championships — i. M. Decugis, France. 2. 

Germot, France. 3. J. Z. Zemla, Bohemia. 
Gentlemen's doubles championships — i. Decugis, France ; Germot, 

France. 2. Balis, Greece; Z. Kadsdaglis, Egypt; 3. J. Zemla, 

Bohemia ; R. Zemla, Bohemia. 




11 OF THE 800 METER RUN. 



Paul Pilgrim on the inside, Lightbody on the outside. Won by Pilgrim. 

Copyright Photo hy Bowden Bros., London, England. 



SPALDINGS ATHLETIC LIBRART. 113 

T.adies" singles championships — i. Miss Semyriotou, Greece. 2. 

Miss Marinou, Greece. 3. Mrs. Paspati, Greece. 
.Mixed doubles championships — i. Mr. and Mrs. Decugis, France. 

2. Miss Marinon, Greece; Mr. Semeriotis, Greece. 3. Miss 
Matsa, Greece; Mr. Kadsdaglis, Greece. 

INTERNATIONAL FOOT BALL CHAMPIONSHIP. 
I. Danish team. 2. Smyrna team. 3. Salonica team. 

Part IV. 
SWORD CONTESTS. 

I-^oils contest — i. Dillon Cavanagh, France. 2. Casimir, Germany. 

3. Hugues, France. 

Sword championship — i. Comte de la Falaise, France. 2. Dillon 
Cavanagh, France. 3. Van Bligenburgh, Holland. 

Saber championship — i. Georgiadis, Greece. 2. Casimir, Ger- 
man)'. 3. Cesarano, Italj'. 

Three-cornered saber contest — i. Casimir, Germany. 2. Van 
Rosen, Holland. 3. Toth, Hungary. 

International sword contest for teams — i. French team (Hugues, 
Dillon Cavanagh, Mohr, Captain de la Falaise). 2. English 
team. (Desbrough, Duf. Gordon, Newton, Robertson, Selig- 
man). 3. Belgian team (Cloquet, Montigny, Crahay, Le 
Hardi de Beaulieu). 

International sabre contest for teams— i. German team (Ekrath 
de Bary, Petri Casimir, Schon). 2. Greek team (Georgiadis, 
Sakorrafos. Zormpas, Kordogiannis). 3. Holland team 
(Baron Melville de Carubee. Lt. Otsen, Lt. Van Rossen, Lt. 
Lobenscls). 

Sword contest for teachers — i. Verbrugge, Belgium. 2. Gubiani, 
Italy. 3. Raises, Greece. 

Saber contest for teachers — i. Verbrugge, Belgium. 2. Raisis, 
Greece. 

Part V. 
NAUTICAL SPORTS. 

100 meter swim — i. Daniels, America; time, imin. I3sec. 2. 
Halmay, Hungary. 3. Healy (Australia), Great Britain. 

400 meter swim— i. Sheff, Austria; time, 6min. 23 4-5sec. 2. Tay- 
lor, England. 3. Jarvis, England. 

i6co meter swim — i. Taylor, England; time, 28min. 28sec. 2. 
Jarvis, England. 3. Sheff, Austria. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 115 

TEAM SWIMMING CONTEST. 

loco meters — i. Hungarian team (Halmay, Hajos. Kiss, Onody) ; 
time, i6min. 52 2-5sec. 2. German team (Bahnmeyer, Pape, 
Rausclie, Schiele) ; time i/min. 16 i-5sec. 3. English team 
( Derbyshire, Henry, Jarvis, Taylor). 

Diving, height 4 to 12 meters — i. Walz, Germany. 2. Hoffman, 
Germany. 3. Salzinger, Austria. 

Canoe race, singles— i. Delaplane, Canoe de la Societe de la 
Basse-Seine de Paris, France. 2. Laram, Canoe de I'aviron 
Bayonnais, France. 

Gigs, pair oared (two oarsmen and coxswain) 1000 meters, i. 
Canot du Club Buccintoro, Italy (Enrico Brunna, Enrico 
Fontanclia. Georgio Cesana, coxswain)*. 2. Canot du Club 
Barrion, Italy ( Liugi Diana, Francisco Avera, Emilio 
Cesarana, coxswain). 3. Canot du Club de la Basse-Seine, 
France (Delaplane, Delaporte). 

Gigs, pair oared (two oarsmen and coxswain) 1600 meters-ri. 
Canot du. Club Buccintoro, Italy (Emilio Brunna, Enrico 
Fontanella, Georgio Cerana, coxswain). 2. Canot du Club 
Nautique de Gand. Belgium (Max Orban, Remy Orban, 
Psilakos, coxswain). 3. Canot de I'aviron Bayonnais, France 
(Bernard, J. Halcet, J. B. Mathieu, coxswain). 

Gigs, four-oared, with coxswain, 2000 meters — i. Canot du Club 
Buccintoro, Italy (Enrico Brunna, Emilio Fontanella, Ric- 
cardo Jandinoni, Georgio Cesana, Giuseppe Poli, coxswain). 

2. Canot du Club de la Basse-Seine, France (Delaplane. Dela- 
porte, Delignieres. Echard Jr., Marcel Frebough, coxswain^. 

3. Canot de I'aviron, Bayonnais, France (A. Bernard, J. 
Ilalcet, J. Laporte, Larram, J. B. Mathieu, coxswain). 

Man-of-war gig, six oars, 2000 meters — i. Gig of the ship 
''Varesa," Italy. 2. Gig of the man-of-war "Spetsai," Greece. 
3. Gig of the man-of-war "Idra," Greece. 

Man-of-war's long boats, 3000 meters — i. Senior long boat of the 
"Olga," Greece. 2. Senior long boat of the "Idra," man-of- 
war, Greece. 3. Long lioat of the "Varese," Italy. 

Part VI. 
SHOOriNG. 
Any rocngnized army rifle, 300 meters, standing or kneeling — 
I. Ricliardct. Switzerland. 2. Reich, Switzerland. 3. Captain 
de Boignc. France. 
Gras army rifle. 200 meters, standing or kneeling — i. Captain 
Moreaux, France. 2. Richardct, Switzerland. 3. Reich, 
Switzerland. 






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MARTIN J. SHERIDAN, AMERICAN WINNER AT PUTTING THE 
16-LB. SHOT. 
Copyright Photo by Bowden Bros., London, England, 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 117 

Any rifle, 300 meters, standing or kneeling— i. Meyer de Stadel- 
hofen, Switzerland. 2. Staegeli, Switzerland. 3. Captain 
Moreau, France. 

International teams of five. 300 meters— i, Switzerland (Staeheli, 
Meyer de Stadelhofen. Richardet, Reich, Griitter). 2. Nor- 
way (Moller, Helgerud, Braathe, Holm, Skattebo). 3. France 
(Fouconnier, Captain Moreaux, Foure, Captain de Boigne, 
Lecoq). 

Gun championship — Skattebo, Norway. 

Gun championship, standing position — Skattebo, Norway. 

Gun championship, kneeling position— Staeheli, Switzerland. 

Gun championship, prone position — Skattebo, Norway. 

Any recognized army revolver, 20 meters — i. Richardet, Switzer- 
land. 2. Theofilakis, Greece. 3. Skotadis, Greece. 

Army revolver, design 1873, 20 meters^ — i. Fouconnier. France. 
2. Captain de Boigne, France. 3. Herman Martin. France. 

Any revolver, 25 meters — i. Lecoq, France. 2. Captain Moreau.x, 
France. 3. P. Rankavis, Greece. 

Any revolver, 50 meters — i. G. Orthanidis, Greece. 2. Foucin- 
nier, France. 3. A. Rankavis, Greece. 

Duelling pistols, 20 meters, deliberate aim — i. Captain Moreaux, 
France. 2. Liverziani, Italy. 3. Lecoq, France. 

Duelling pistols, 25 meters, at command — i. Skarlatos, Greece. 
2. Hiibner Von Hoist, Sweden. 3. W. Carlberg, Sweden. 

Sporting shotgun, clay pigeons, single shot — i, Gerald Merlin, 
England. 2. Peridis, Greece. 3. Sidney Merlin, England. 

Sporting shotgun, clay pigeons, double shot — i. Sidney Merlin, 
England ; 2, A. Metaxas, Greece. 3. Gerald Merlin, England. 

Part VII. 

BICYCLING. 

loco meters race — i, Verri, Italy. 2. Bouffler, England. 3. De- 

bougnie, Belgium; time, imin. 42 i-5sec. 
333 1-3 meters race — i. Verri, Italy. 2. Crowther, England. 3. 

IVIenjou, France ; time, 22 4-5sec. 
Tandem race, 2000 meter.s — i. Matthews and Rushen, England. 

2. M. Gotze and B. Gotze, Germany. 3. Dannenberg and 

Kiipferling, Germany. 
5000 meters race — i. Verri, Italy. 2. Crowther, England. 3. 

Vast, France ; time, 8min. 35sec. 
20 kilometer paced race (about 12 miles) — i. Pett, England. 2. 

Bardonneau, France. 3. Vast, France ; time, 29min. 
84 kilometer road race (on the road from Marathon to Athens, 

about 50 or 52 miles) — i. Vast and Bardonneau, France; time, 

2hrs. 4imin. 28sec. 2. Luguet, France; time, 2hrs. 4imin. 

28 3-5sec. 



4i 



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I V 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 119 

LIST OF COMPETITORS FROM EACH COUNTRY IN 

THE OLYMPIC GAMES AT ATHENS. 
Greece — including Athens, Sparta, Isle of Crete, Salonica, 
Samos, Isle of Cyprus, Thessaly and Grecian Archi- 
pelago 298 

Finland 4 

Great Britain — including England proper, Ireland, Scotland, 

Canada and Australia 66 

CJerniany 52 

P.elgium ■ • 23 

Constantinople (Turkey) 12 

Sweden 57 

Denmark 56 

Italy 39 

Holland ^ 18 

Norway 44 

America — including two entries from Robert College at 

Constantinople 43 

France '.' 7i 

Bohemia 27 

Switzerland • • 10 

Egypt 5 

Russia 4 

Hungary 35 

Austria 3S 

Total number of entries received 901 

THE SCORE IN THE STADIUM EVENTS. 
■■'''There were contested, during the Olympic Games, twent\--four 
athletic events in the Stadium, these events, of course, forming 
the feature of the games, for it was the athletic events that were 
witnessed by the thousands and thousands of people, and the 
scoring of the different countries as represented makes interest- 
ing reading. America was first, with 751-6 points; England 
was second, with 41 points ; Sweden, third, with 28 points ; 
Greece, fourth, with 271-3 points; Hungary, fifth, with 13 
points; Austria was sixth, with 8 points, scored by Steinbach, the 
weight lifter; Germany, seventh, with 72-3 points; Finland, 
eighth, with 6 points ; France, ninth, with 5 1-3 points ; Italy, 
tenth, with 3 points, and Belgium, eleventh, with i 1-3 points. 

Thus it will be seen that the scoring of the Olympic Games 
was confrffed' tO" eleven countries, as follows : America, Eng- 
land, Sweden, Greece, Hungary, Austria, Germany, France, 
Italy, Belgium and Finland. Following is a complete score 
of points: 




R. P. Crabbk. a. R. Churchill. 

Two Prominent Engrlish Competitors in the Running Events. 



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SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



OTHER. OLYMPIC GAMES 



For the purpose of comparison we publish herewitli the rec- 
ords of previous Olympic Games, as compiled bv the Greek 
Committee and published in their official booklet. These Olympic 
Games have been held at .Athens in i8g6, at Paris in iqoo, and 
at St. Louis in 1904, all .mder sanction of the International 
Committee. 

Prior to the games at Athens the most notable games, from 
an athletic standpoint, were the ones held at Paris, and a great 
deal of credit for the success of the Olympic Games at Paris 
was due entirely to Mr. A. G. Spalding, who was the American 
Director of the Olympic Games and American representative. 
Fifty-five athletes went from this country to uphold the honor 
of America, and they were without doubt as high a class of ath- 
letes as ever competed, as the performances of 1900 show. 

The Olympic Games at St. Louis were conducted very success- 
full)^ Athletically speaking, no one could ask for more. They 
extended over many months and hundreds of Olympic Cham- 
pionships were contested, the features, of course, being the ath- 
letic games in the Stadium at St. Louis during the first week of 
August — the Olympic Games. As a matter of comparison, how- 
ever, it might be stated that in point of interest the French 
people took no interest in the Olympic Games of 1900, when 
compared with the interest taken in them at Athens in 1906. 
The entire number of people who witnessed the Olympic Games 
at Paris and the number of people that witnessed the games at 
St. Louis, if added together they would not equal the number 
of people, by many thousands, who attended the opening cere- 
monies at the Olympic Games at Athens on April 22, 1906. This 
is what the writer means by speaking so frequently of all other 
games suffering by comparison, when one thinks of how they 
conducted the athletic games or Olympic Games at Athens. 



SPALDIN'GS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



RECORDS OF OLYMPIC GAMES. 

Events. Athens. 1S96. Paris. 1000. 

60 metre run Kraenzlein, 7s., America .... 

100 metre run BurUe, 12s., America. .. .Jarvis, 10 4-5s., America.... 

200 metre run Tewlisbury, 22 l-5s., Amer... 

400 metre run Burke, 54 l-5s., America. Long, 49 2-5s., America 

800 metre run FUick. 2m. lis., Enjil'd. .T.vsoe, 2m. 1 2-5s., England. 

1500 metre run •. Flack, 4m. .33 l-5s., Eng. Bei«iett. 4m. 6s., England.. 

110 metre hurdle Curtis. 17 3-5s., Amer. .. Kraenzlein, 15 2-5s., Amer... 

200 metre hurdle Kraenzlein, 25 2-5s., Amer. . 

400 metre hurdle Tewksbury, 57 3-5s., Amer. 

2500 metre steeplechase Orton, 7m. 34s., America... 

4000 metre steeplechase Rimmer, 12m. 58 2-5s., Eng. 

Running long jump Clark, 20ft., 9 3-4in., Am. Kraenzlein, 23ft. 6 7-8in.,Am 

Running high jump Clark, 5ft. 11 l-4iu.. Am. Baxter, 6ft. 2 4-5in., Amer.. 

Running triple jump Connolly, 45ft., America. Prinstein, 47ft. 4 l-4in.. Am. 

Standing long jump Ewry, 10ft. 6 2-5in., Amer. . 

Standing high jump Ewry, 5ft. 51n., America 

Standing triple jump Ewry, 34ft., 8 l-2in., Amer. 

Pole vault Hoyt, 10ft. 9 3-4in., Am. Baxter, 10ft. 9 9-lOin., Am.. 

Shot put Carrett, SOft. 2in., Am.. Sheldon, 46''t. 3 l-8in., Amer. 

Discus Garrett, 9oft. 7 l-2in., Am. Bauer, 118ft. 2 9-lOin., H'g'ry. 

Throwing 161b. hammer Flanagan, 167ft., 4in., Am... 

Throwing 561b. weight 

Marathon race Loues, 2h. 55m. 20s., Gr.Teato, 2h. 59m., France 

Weight lifting (1 hand).. Elliott, 1561b, 8oz, Eng 

Weight lifting (2 hands) .Jensen, 2451b, 12oz, Den 

Dumbbell competition 

Tug of war 

Team race i::,el;i:.d 

5 mile run 

Throwing stone 

Throwing javelin , 

Pentathlum 

1500 metre walk 

Rope climbing contest, 

32ft. 9 3-5in , 

Throwing discus (Gr. styl. ) / 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBEAKY. 



RECORDS OF OLYMPIC GAMES. 

Kvents. St. Louis, J9ii4. Athens, 1906. 

50 nictie run Hahn, 7s., America 

100 metre run Hahn, lis., America Hahn, 11 l-5s., America. 

!00 metre run Hahn, 21 3-5s., America 

lOil mitre run Ilillman, 49 l-5s., America. . Pilgrim, 53 l-5s., America. 

iOO mitre run Lightbody. Im. 56s., Amer. . Pilgrim, 2m. 1 l-5s., Amer. 

5(Mi metre run Lightbody, 4m. 5 2-5s., Am. .Lightbody, 4m. 12s., America. 

110 metre hurdle Schule, 16s., America Leavitt, 16 l-5s., America. 

ion metre hurdle Hillman, 24 .3-5s., America 

100 metre hurdle Ilillman, 53s., America 

5501 metre steeplechase. . .Lightbody, 7m. 39 3-5s., Am 

JOOt) metre steeplechase 

Hunniiig long jump Prinstein, 24ft. lin., ^mer. . Prinstein, 23ft. 7 l-2in.. Av/ 

Running high jump Jones, 5ft. llln., America. . .Leahy, 5ft. 9in., Ireland. 

Running triple jump Prinstein, 47ft., America. .. .O'Connor, 46ft. 2in., Ireland 

Standing long jump Ewry, lift. 4 7-8in., Amer. . Ewry, 10ft. lOin., America. 

Standing high jump Ewry, 4ft. llin., America. .. Ewry, 5ft. 1 5-8in., America. 

Standing triple jump Kwry, 34ft. 7 l-4in., Amer 

Pole vault Dvorak, lift. 6in., America. .Gouder, lift. 61n., France.Xf 

Shot put Rose, 48ft. 7in., America Sheridan. 40ft. 51n., America. 

Discus ."-^heridan, 12Sft. 10 l-2in., Am. Sheridan, 136ft. l-31n., Am. 

Throwing 161b. hammer. ..Flanagan, 168ft. lin., Amer 

Throwing 501b. weight Desmarteau. 34ft. 4in., Can 

Marathon race Ilicljs, .3h. 28m. 53s., Amer. .Sherring,2h. 51m. 23 3-5s., Can. 

Weight lifting (1 baud) Steinbach, 168 3-51bs., Aust. 

Weight lifting (2 hands) .Kakousis, 2461bs., Greece Tofalos, 313 7-lOlbs., Greece. 

Dumbbell competition Osthoff, .\merica 

Tug of war Milwaukee A.C., .\merica. .. .Germany. 

Team race New York .V.C, .\nierica 

iTtoile run Ilawtrey, 26m. 26 l-5s., Eng. 

Throwing stone (;i'organtas, 65ft. 4 l-5in., Gr. 

Throwing javelin lemming. 175ft. 6in., Sweden. 

Pentathlum Mcllander, 24pts., Sweden. 

1500 metre walk Bonhag, 7m. 12 3-5s., Amer. 

Rope climbing conti'st, 

32ft. 9.3-5in Aliprantis, 11 2-5s.. Greece. 

rhrowiug discus (Gr. sty 1.) Jaervincu, 115ft. 4iu., Fin. 



2fc'%"- 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



THE AMERICAN FINANCE COMMITTEE 



To the chairman of the Finance Committee of the American 
Committee. Mr. Julian W. Curtiss of Yale University, to Caspar 
Whitney and tho memhcrs of the Finance Committee a great 
rkal of credit is due for the collection of the fund necessary to 
p.-iv the expenses of the athletes who comprised the American 
team, and the total sum collected, $14,864, shows how well they 
did their work. The names of those who subscribed to this 
lund is worthy of being placed on the roll of honor and is 
herewith published in full : 

To Mr. John R. Van Wormer, president of the New York 
Athletic Club, and to the generosity of the members of the New 
York .Athletic Club, the Committee certainly owes a debt of grati- 
tude. The New York Athletic Club made the largest contribu- 
tion to the fund, mainly through the efforts and energy of Presi- 
dent Van Wormer, uid it is a well-known fact that at the dinner 
given to the swimming contingent in the New York Athletic Club 
house on the final night of the swimming championships, in 
January, 1906, President Van Wormer told the Chairman of the 
Committee that the New York .Athletic Club would give the 
Olympic Committee all the money it desired to send a representa- 
tive team of athletes to Athens. It was not necessary, however, to 
call on the New York .Athletic Club for additional money. 

To New England, the Committee's thanks is certainly due. 
Joseph B. Maccabe, president of the Amateur Athletic Union of 
the United States; Edward E. Babb, Thomas Riley, Frank 
l-"acey. A. Lill, and M. F. Winston (all officers of the Amateur 
Athletic Union) worked zealously. The members of the Bos- 
ton .Athletic .Association and its committees, including J. J. Stor- 
rovv. E. Carter, George Billings, George Beals and George 
Morrison, did good work. The New England Committee was 
presided over by Governor Guild, of Massachusetts. ?le directed 
the work of tlic Committee, and tho amount of money sub- 
scribed ($,1,000) shows what energy was put into this collection. 

The Pacific Northwest Association collected $685. For a young 
association of the Amateur Athletic Union this is a fine showing. 
To Mr. H. W. Kerrigan, member of the Financial Committee of 
the Amateur Athletic Union in that district, great thanks is due. 

']"o Mr. .August Belmont, J. P. Morgan, S. R. Guggenheim and 



SPALniNCS ATIILKTIO LITiRARY. 129 

(korgc Gould a special vote of thanks should Ik given; for each 
contributed $500. 

Mr. F. J. V. Skiff, Director of Exhibits at the World's Fair 
in St. Louis in 1904, and a member of the Amateur Athletic 
Union Board of Governors, collected among his personal friends 
in Chicago and the C. A. A. the sum of $1,200. 

Mr. A. L. Shapleigh, with the backing of the Missouri Athletic 
Club. St. Louis, collected $400. 

To the Intercollegiate Athletic Association, representing the 
colleges of America, and the Amateur Athletic Union of the 
United States, the Conunittee feel thankful, each having contrib- 
uted $500. 

Mr. F. B. Pratt, who lias done so much good work for the 
cause of Y. M. C. A. athletics, contributed $250. 

Cleveland H. Dodge, M. Robert Garrett (the winner of the 
discus at the first Olympian Games, in 1896. at Athens) and 
George D. Pratt each contributed $100 to the fund. 

The Military Athletic League made a very generous contri- 
bution, as did the Birmingham (Alabama) Athletic Club and the 
N. O. Y. M. C. A. 

The Greater New York Irish contributed $250. 

James Pilkington, president of the National Association of 
Amateur Oarsmen, contributed personally $50. 

Mr. Robert Kanunerer, of the New York Athletic Club, one 
of the Huckleberrv Indians, did good work among that tribe. 

However, it is the ones who contributed from $1 to $100 that 
we desire to specially thank. They showed great interest in the 
mnvement. 

SUBSCRIPTIONS TO OLYMPIC GAMES FUND RE- 
CEIVED BY JULIAN W. CURTISS,' CHAIRMAN, 
NEW YORK CITY. 

New York Athletic Club $3,500.00 

New England 3,000.00 

Intercollegiate Athletic Association 500.00 

Pacific Northwest Association of A. A. U 685.00 

.•\mateur Athletic Union 500.00 

S. R. Guggenheim ^ 500.00 

August Belmont 500.00 

J. P. Morgan 500.00 

George Gould 500.00 

Greater New York Irish Athletic Association 250.00 

A. L. Shapleigh, St. Louis 403.00 

F. B. Pratt 250.00 



SPALDINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 131 

Huckleberry Indians ($ioo subscribed through Mr. 

Robert Kammcrer) 200.00 

C. II. Dodge 100.00 

Robert Garrett 100.00 

G. D. Pratt loo.oo 

Charles Deering 100.00 

W. J. Chalmers 100.00 

Watson F. Blair 100.00 

B. L. VVinchell lOO.oo 

F. J. V. Skiff 100.00 

James Deering 100.00 

C. K. Wooster 100.00 

G. B. Harris lOO.oo 

E. R. Graham loo.oo 

F. S. Peabody loo.oo 

Blank 100.00 

Birmingham (Ala.) Athletic Club 100.00 

Military Athletic League 100.00 

New Orleans Y. M. C. .\ 100.00 

J. S. lluvler 50.00 

M. L. Schiff 50.00 

James Pilkington 50.00 

Twentv-third Regiment N. G. N. Y 50.00 

A. G. Mills 25.00 

C. T. Kilbourne 20.00 

Mohawk Athletic Club, New York i5-00 

St. George Athletic Club. New York 15.00 

Brooklyn Athletic Club, New York 1500 

B. C. Vv^illiams 1500 

Far Hills (N. J.) Athletic Club 10.00 

Grace Athletic Club, New York 10.00 

National Turn Verein, Newark, N. J 10.00 

Sixty-fifth Regiment Athletic Association, Buffalo, N. Y. 10.00 

Alex. Brown 10.00 

L. F. Hanmer 10.00 

George Orton S-OO 

C. C. Hughes S-OO 

H. H. Trueman 100 

$13,364.00 

From Greek Conmiittee 1.500.00 

$14,864.00 



SPALDINOS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



THE TRIP OF THE AMERICAN TEAM 

Bv M. P. Halpin, Manager. 

The team selected by the American Olympic Committee 
If) represent tiie United States at the Olympic Games, held at 
Athens, Greece, from April 22 to ]\'ay 2, 1906, was formally or- 
r?anized at a meeting held at the New York Athletic Club on 
.Monday, April 2, igo6. All the members of the team, excepting 
Z. M. Daniels of New York, and Marquard Schwartz of St. 
Louis (swimmers), who had sailed on the steamship St. Louis 
on March 31, were present, namely^ Archie Hahn, Milwaukee, 
Wis. (sprinter) ; F. R. Moulton, Kansas City, Mo. (sprinter) ; 
\V. D. Eaton, Boston, Mass. (sprinter) ; Lawson Robertson, 
r.rooklyn, N. Y. (sprinter) ; W. A. Schick, New York (sprint- 
er) ; G. H. Queyrouze, New Orleans, La. (sprinter) ; H. L. Hill- 
man, Jr., Brooklyn, N. Y. (400 meters) ; P. H. Pilgrim, New 
^'ork (400 and 800 meters) ; J-1. V. Valentine, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
(400 and 800 meters) ; C. J. Bacon, Brooklyn, N. Y. (400 and 
:'oo meters) ; E. B. Parsons, Troy, Penn. (400 and 800 meters) ; 
J. I). Lightbody, Chicago, III. (800 and 1,500 meters) ; J. P. 
Sullivan, New York (800 and 1,500 meters) ; Harvey Cohn, 
Brooklyn, N. Y. (1.500 meters and 5 miles) ; G. V. Bonhag, New 
York (5 miles and walk) ; W. G. Frank, New York (Marathon) ; 
Michael Spring, Brooklyn, N. Y. (Marathon) ; Joseph Forshaw, 
St. Louis, Mo. (Marathon) ; R. J. Fowler, Cambridgeport, Mass. 
(Marathon); R. G. Leavitt, Boston, Mass. (hurdler); Hugo 
hViend, Chicago, TIL (broad jumper and hurdler) ; Myer Prin- 
stein. New York (broad jumper) ; Ray C. Ewry, Bayonne, N. J. 
(standing jumps); H. W. Kerrigan, Portland, Ore. (running 
high jump) ; M. J. Sheridan. New York (weights, standing jumps 
and Pentathlum) ; D. A. Sullivan, Anaconda, Mont. ( Pentathlum 
and wrestling) ; J. S. Mitchel, New York (weights) ; R. W. 
Edgren,.New York (weights); E. C. Glover, Crown Point, Ind. 
(pole vaulter) ; J. W. Spencer, New York (swimmer) ; L Niflot, 
New York (wrestler), and F. A. Bornamann, Chicago, 111. (fancy 
diving). 

The meeting was addressed by Mr. John R. VanWormer, 
President of the New York Athletic Club; Mr. Julian W. Cur- 
tiss. Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Olympic Com- 
tnittee and Mr. F. W. Rubien, vice-president of the Metropoli- 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 135 

tan Association of the A. A. U. A telegram from the Hon. 
Joseph B. Maccabe, of Boston, Mass., President of the Amateur 
Athletic Union, was read. He expressed his regrets that he 
could not be present and wished the team every success and 
asked them to adopt the motto, "Remember Old Glory," which 
was very enthusiastically received.- The team sailed at ii A. M., 
April 3, from Hoboken, N. J., on the steamship Barbarossa of 
ihe North German Lloyd Steamship Company, amidst the cheers 
and good wishes of their relatives, friends, and all athletes who 
could possibly be present, from champions of the early seventies 
down to the schoolboy athlete of the present day. 

On the second day out, April 4, about eleven o'clock in the 
morning, an accident happened to some of the members of the 
team which might have proved very serious. Six of the team, 
Mitchel, Bornamann, Hillman, Sheridan, Cohn, and Kerrigan, 
were standing up forward, watching the waves break against the 
bow of the ship, when an extraordinary wave for the sea that 
was running, at the time, broke over the bow, throwing the men 
in all directions ; some against heavy hoisting machinery, some 
against the deck and others against the outside rail, nearly over- 
board. Mitchel had his shoulder dislocated, and Hillman his 
knee lacerated; Kerrigan was hurt about the abdomen, and Cohn 
about the head and legs. Sheridan also hurt his knee, which 
luckily did not show until most of his work was over, but he 
was unable to compete in the athletic Pentathlum on account of 
same. The question as to whether the men would be able to 
compete in the games gave us serious thought. Dr. Ramon Gui- 
teras, a member of the New York Athletic Cktb, was a passenger 
on the ship and did everything in his power to get the injured 
men in condition to be able to compete in the games. At the 
time the accident happened I was just about getting the men out 
to train, as the sea was not rough enough at that time to pre- 
clude it, and which proves that the men who met with the acci- 
dent were in no way reckless or careless in being where they 
were. 

The men trained on board of ship every day for the sea and 
weather for the whole voyage was extraordinarily fine. Their 
training consisted of running, skipping rope, boxing, putting the 
shot and jumping. All the other passengers on board took a 
lively interest in the work of the men, which encouraged them 
considerably. 

We arrived at Gibraltar, April T.3. staying there for about five 
hours, during which the nun had a chance to practice at the 
race track of the Jockey Club of English officers. The men 
showed that they were in good condition, especially so con- 




From left to right— Prince George, President of the International Jury; 
James E. Sullivan, American Commissioner to the Olympic Games; Count 
Mercatti; G. Robertson, Oxford, England's Representative. (Special 
photograph taken by Prince Nicholas at the morning trials.) 

A GROUP OF OLYMPIC OFFICIALS. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 137 

sidering the len clays on the sea. No more training was done 
aboard ship after leaving Gibraltar except by the Marathon men, 
as the men had worked pretty hard from the time they started. 
Captain Langrenter and tiie officers of the Barbarossa showed 
us every courtesy, giving us the exclusive use of the lower deck 
for our training and anything else that we wished in order to 
have the men in the best possible condition. 

We arrived at Naples on the i6th and stopped at the Hotel 
de Londres. Through the kindness of Mr. Homer N. Byington, 
United States Vice-Consul at Naples, who secured for us the 
use of a shooting park for training, the men had a good work- 
out under somewhat difficult conditions, there being four inches 
of lava on the ground. 

We left Naples the following morning (Tuesday) on the 
seven o'clock train for Brindisi, a port in southeastern Italy. 
As it was a ten hours' trip we took provisions with us from 
the hotel. The ride, with its ninety-seven tunnels, was long 
and tiresome, but nevertheless interesting, as we were in a new 
country. We had quite a good view of Vesuvius and Pompeii 
from the train. We arrived at Brindisi about seven o'clock in 
the evening and after having dinner embarked on the Italian 
steamer Montenegro, intending to go to Piraeus, the seaport of 
Athens. Finding that the conditions on the steamer were in- 
jurious in several ways to the good condition of the men, it 
was decided to abandon it at Patras and go the rest of the 
distance by rail. 

Next morning, Wednesday, April i8th, we arrived at the Isle 
of Corfu, making a stay of ten hours, which afforded us ample 
time to see the place, which is very beautiful, and also a chance 
for some good training on the parade grounds. On our arrival 
we were met by the local reception committee, who showed us 
everv courtesy and remained with us until the steamer departed 
at 6 'P. M. 

The following morning, Thursday, April 19th, we arrived at 
Patras, where the men did some training on a public square, 
through the courtesy of the local reception committee, who paid 
us every attention. 

The steamer from Patras to Piraeus had the roughest kind of 
a voyage, so it was fortunate we left the steamer at the former 
port. 

We left Patras at 11.30 A. M.. arriving at Athens about 7 
in the evening. We were met by the reception committee and a 
band, who escorted us in carriages to the headquarters of the 
reception connnittce, which were situated in the Archeological 
Society Building. After a very cordial reception we were con- 




AMERICAN COMMISSIONER JAMES E SULLIVAN AND MATTHEW 

P. HALPIN. MANAGER OF THE AMERICAN TEAM. 

(Special photograph taken by Prince George at one of the morning trials.) 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAUY. 139 

ducted to the Zappeon, the Exposition Building of the citj', 
where the committee had provided accommodations for the stay 
of the visiting athletes. This was named the Athletes' Residence. 

The part of the Zappeon to which we were assigned was a 
large hall, arc shaped, about thirty feet high, divided into rooms 
about 12 X 12, with partitions seven feet iiigh. These rooms were 
on each side of a passage way. After three or four days, finding 
the place did not suit, the entire team was taken to the Hotel 
Hermes, where the team was very well situated for the rest of 
our stay in Athens. 

We arrived at Athens about six days before the games com- 
menced, which gave the men ample time to finish their training. 
Our arrival at Athens was none too late, as on the closing days 
of the games some of the men were beginning to show the 
effects of the climate. 

On our return we left Piraeus on Saturday evening. May 5, 
on the steamship Princess Sophie, arriving at Naples Tuesday 
morning. May 8, where the team was formally disbanded. 
Pilgrim, Kerrigan, Prinstein, Spencer, Ewry, D. A. Sullivan, 
Bornamann, Fowler, Moulton, Schick and Forshaw left us to 
go to England, Rome. Paris, etc. Lightbody, Friend, Parsons, 
Bonhag, Valentine, Bacon, Daniels and Edgren left Athens 
previous to the team, so as to give them some time to tour the 
country. The remaining members of the team, Mitchel, 
Schwartz, Sheridan, Hillman, Cohn, Robertson, Glover, Hahn, 
Niflot, Lcavitt, Eaton, J. P. Sullivan, Spring and Frank, made 
short trips to Rome, Pompeii and Vesuvius, until we sailed on 
the White Star steamship Republic on May 12, arriving in New 
York on May 25. 

THE RECEPTION OF THE AMERICAN TEAM ON 
THEIR RETURN. 

When cables were leceived in New York city to the effect 
that the American team would return on the steamship Re- 
public of the White Star Line, accompanied by James E. 
Sullivan, the American Commissioner to the Olympic Games, 
and Manager M. P. Halpin, lively preparations were made to 
give them a rousing reception. Several friends of the athletes, 
Mr. Sullivan and Mr. Halpin, organized into a Reception Com- 
mittee. 

This Committee at once decided to charter an ocean-going tug 
to meet the "Republic" and the victorious team upon its arrival 
down the bay, and the C. P. Raymond, a large and commodious 
tug of Fred B. Dalzell & Co.'s fleet, was engaged for the occa- 
sion. The tug was decorated with flags and bunting and upon 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 141 

each side of tlic hoal, lianginj^ frniii and exteiuliiig the entire 
length of the guard rail on the upper deck were long pieces of 
canvas bearing the following words in large letters: 

"Welcome Home, J. E. Sullivan and the American Team." 

Professor Bain's band was secured to furnish music for the 
occasion. 

As the Republic was originally scheduled to arrive on Thurs- 
day, the 24th of May, early that morning the Raymond left her 
pier with the following friends in search of the returning ath- 
letes, but neither word nor sight was received of them during the 
entire day. Among those on board were : 

A. G. Spalding, Wm. T. Brown, J. W. Curtiss, Robert Ferris, 
Bartow S. Weeks, Harry P. Burchell, Charles C. Hughes. 
Charles J. Dieges, Thomas Nevin,H. F. McCafferty, Aleck Fer- 
ris, John Farrington. C M. Cooper, John T. Doyle, F. G. Law- 
rance, H. S. Quinn, James Keleher, Charles Wolhorn. R. J. 
Hellawell, John P. Bovlc, George Bushfield, Wm. Johnson, 
J. ^'oungcr, T. L. O'Connell. W. Bennett. N. V. Ketchum, 
F. Pearsall. 

Receiving no tidings of the Republic, the Raymond party en- 
joyed a delightful sail around the harbor and along the New 
Jersey coast, disembarking in the afternoon, upon the invitation 
of Mr. Bartow S Weeks, at his seashore residence at Sea Gate, 
where he entertained the party, after which the boat put back 
to New York. 

Late Thursday night word was received that the Republic 
would dock on Friday morning. As early as seven o'clock that 
morning the party gathered once more at the Battery, ready to 
proceed down the bay and welcome the champions. ■ The Ray- 
mond was but a moment in getting under way and in a very 
short time was within sight of the Republic lying at quarantine. 
Upon approaching the vessel, the band played the Star-Spangled 
Banner, and other patriotic airs, which were smothered fre- 
quently by the thunderous blasts from the steamer and numerous 
boats in the vicinity and the cheers of the welcoming party. 

Arrangements had been made whereby the Committee could 
board the Republic, and being provided with special permits, 
could have taken ofif the American Commissioner, and possibly 
some of the others, but owing to quarantine regulations, it was 
impossible fo board the ship immediately upon reaching her, sn 
a unique reception was hurriedly arranged. Mr. A. G. Spaldin"' 
was selected to make an address of welcome to the members of 
the team who were then on deck. Through a megaphone he wel- 
comed the boys in the following words : 




A GROUP OF OFFICERS. OLYMPIC GAMES, 1906. 

M. M. NegTopontes, J. E. Sullivan, 

(Greek Committeeman). (America). 

J. Fowler-Dixon, Prince George. 

(England). (Referee of Olympic Games). 

Photo taken by G. L. Robertson, Oxford, England. 



Sl'AL,in.N( 



"Mr. Sullivan and Members of the Victorious American 
Team : 
"I have been chosen by the members of this Reception Com- 
mittee, who are your friends, to lender to you and to the gentle- 
men who compose the American team, our heartiest congratula- 
tions on your magnificent victory at Athens, and a warm welcome 
Iiome. Our country is proud of you all, and the American people 
have nothing but praise for the grand work you did at Athens. 
When we recall the work of the American athletes in the Olym- 
j)ic Games held at Athens in 1896, and again at Paris in 1900, 
where we practically swept the boards ; and again at St. Louis 
in 1904, the details of which are still fresh in our memory ; it 
shows the supremacy of the Americans as an athletic nation. I 
need not dwell any longer on the achievements of the athletes at 
Athens. I wish you and all the members of the American team 
a hearty welcome home, and now gentlemen of the Reception 
Committee, I call upon you for three cheers for the victorious 
American team." 

After the cheers of the Committee had died away, Mr. Sullivan 
on behalf of the athletes responded to Mr. Spalding's words of 
welcome and Manager Halpin was likewise called on for a few 
remarks which he cheerfully made. Then each member of the 
team in turn was called to the guard rail and introduced, and 
as they came forward one by one they were cheered to the echo. 
This reception, accompanied by the music, aroused considerable 
excitement among the Republic's passengers. 

After quarantine had been lifted, the Raymond made fast to 
the Republic, and the members of the Reception Committee, 
headed by Mr. A. G. Spalding, boarded the ship. There was hand- 
shaking all around and general congratulations and three rousing 
cheers by the American team were given for Mr. A. G. Spalding. 
The Reception Committee remained aboard the steamer while 
the balance of the party followed the vessel on the tug, with ban- 
ners flying and band playing, getting a vociferous greeting from 
the river craft, until the White Star pier was reached, where the 
boys were greeted by thousands of enthusiasts who had been 
waiting for hours on the pier to receive the victors. 

The officials of the Irish-American Athletic Club of New York, 
upon hearing of the departure of the athletes from Athens, had 
likewise made preparations to meet them. They chartered the 
Iron Steamboat Cepheus, and with several hundred enthusiasts 
aboard greeted their club members, who formed part of the 
American team. On this occasion the principal ovation was 
given to Martin J. Sheridan, the idol of his club mates, and he 
certainly was entitled to all the honors he received. 




,4 



4 







SFAbUlNG'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



THE STADIUM 

During the fiftli century, or nearly a century after the construc- 
tion of the Odeon, Lvcurgus, the illustrious orator, constructed 
the Stadium for the celebration of the Gymnastic Games. Bemg 
elected to the most high place in the state and having governed 
for eight years the Republic, he augmented a public treasury, 
erected a number of military fortifications, arsenals, long walls 
at Pin-eus, a harbor for vessels and embellished the town with 
monument's. Amongst these numerous monuments were included 
a Panathenaique Stadium. 

On the left bank of the Ilissus, which has the name of Agra, 
was a ravine or a hollow place between two hills, one at the 
south and one at the north, that is to say. perpendicular to the 
river bed or the course of the water. Of these two hills^^ one 
was designated under the name of Ardettos. nicknamed "Dead- 
head Hill" by the American athletes, on which the Heliastas 
came to take oath. This place was the best to choose for the 
erection of a Stadium to contain many thousand spectators. It 
did not belong to the citv of Athens, but was the property of 
Dinias. good patriot and friend of Lycurgus. who gave it to 
the city in consideration of his friendship for Lycurgus, and 
the construction of the Stadium was confined by the people to 
overseers. Now the part of the work under Lycurgus consisted 
of closing the semi-circular meridianal opening, to equalize the 
surface of the arena and to cut out symmetrically the interior 
ballast of these h+lls. As one will readily conceive, this work 
demanded a long time and considerable expense. A generous 
citizen named FAidamos of Platce offered to stand the expense 
and to this object he gave i.ooo head of oxen. (This was 329 
B. C.) . ^ ^. 

Not onlv did Lvcurgus transform this ravine into a Stndium 
and level the soil, but he surrounded the arena with a Paratheton 
stone, separating it from the spot occupied by the spectators. 
At the outside of this paraphet ran a corridor, somewhat nar- 
rower than that of to-day. under which was a conduit by which 
the waters of the Stadium were distributed and some traces of 
which still remain. The outside at this time did not have any 
seats or benches of marble, but the spectators sat on the ground 
as at OljTTipia in celebrating the Olympic Games. Only the 
priests and the ambassadors had seats within the front row— 



^^^^ 

^ 



'V \ 



IM 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 147 

seats of wood — reserved for thciii. Now such was the condition 
of the Stadium in the niichhe of tlic second century, from 329 
P). C. until the second century after. Four centuries after, 
lieractis repaired llie Sta(hum, hut we do not know in what 
consisted these repairs. 

In the second century after Christ the Stadium was entirely 
renewed and embellislied by llerodis of Atticus. Under the reign 
of Herodus of Atticus he terminated the transformation and 
direction of the Stadium. He achieved a work which caused 
tlie astonishment of the spectators. No monument could com- 
liire to the Stadium. The spectacle was beyond all description. 
I lie work had exhausted the quarries of Pentelicon, where all 
tile Pentclic marble came from. One admires the Stadium as 
without equal in the imiverse, for though a little inferior in 
(iiniensions to the circus ma.ximus or to the coliseum at Rome, 
it excelled these monuments by the richness of its decorations. 
Its steps of marble could seat easily 50,000 people. It was sur- 
rounded with bridges and temples and other monuments in a 
complete, harmonious ensemble. It was not only by the richness 
of its decoration and the profusion of marble that it differed 
from that of Lycurgus ; it was owing to its change of plan. In 
tiic plan of Lycurgus the benches were narrower at the edge of 
the sub-base than in the corridor, under which was placed a 
conduit of water, and not more than two meters in width. The 
distance which separated the first row of benches from the edge 
of the sub-base was not always the same, on account of the 
optical law, so the spectators would be able to see the sub-base 
of the lower row of benches that separated it, it was not parallel 
to the a.xis of the arena and that still had an elliptical form 
springing from the curve of the line toward the center. The 
radius of this curve is 2 milometers ; thus, the distance from 
tlic sub-base to the parapet, consequently the width of the cor- 
ridor, which is semi-circular, is 2 meters 82 in the narrow part 
and 5 meters in the middle, allowing a curve of i meter 18, 
so as to give some elevation to the sub-base and so to pro- 
tect the spectators, not obstructing their view of the games, 
they built the rows of seats lower than at the Lycurgis 
theater. This sub-base was constructed of marble at the 
base and at height in the cornice of 1.66 meters. Now 
the theater that is reserved for the spectators is divided into, 
two bridges named zones or diazomata. separated one from each 
other or one another by an alley 3 meters wide. This is also 
called diazomata, each of these diazomata containing twenty- 
three rows of seats in marble with stone foundation. The first 
and last row of the lower diazomata is composed of seats of 
honor, or thrones, with backs. None of the seats have backs 



SrAI.DINfJ'S ATMLRTIC LIRRARY. 149 

cxrcpt those scats of honor, and so also was the first row of 
tile superior dia/.omata. 

On one of the hills to the side of the Stadium was the Temple 
of h'ortune and the splendor of the interior of the temple was 
due to the munificenee of llerodis. On the other hill the Athen- 
ians elevated the tomb of Herodis, on which were engraved these 
lines: "Hero of Marathon, son of Atticus, worthy of all praise; 
all this which surrounds it is his work." A bridge and three 
roads thrown over the Ilissus conducted to the Stadium. Travel- 
ers came still during the last century to take photographs. This 
bridge was demolished in 1774 and the stones were embellished 
by the Turks in the construction of a wall in the town of 
.Athens. After this epoch all was rapid destruction, and part of 
the marble was taken up and transported to other places. One 
sees some traces of it still in the garden of Zappeion. 

A part of the marbles of this svendome have been discovered 
during the excavations made in 1869 and 1879 by M. E. Ziller, 
and many of the old busts found during the excavation are now 
built in the present Stadium. These discoveries have rendered 
l)ossible the restoration of the Stadium of Herodis, and aided in 
its reconstruction after the same plan owing to the fact that 
when they started to build the Stadium in the same spot, the 
excavators found the foundation of the present Stadium, as 
laiilt by Herodis and planned by Herodis. It only goes to show 
ihe remarkable genius of the man. This was made possible by 
the generous gift of a Grecian citizen and it is an imperishable 
monument to his munificence. 

The Committee of the Olympic Games interpreting the organ- 
ization of the Hellenes, realized the national wish, which was to 
erect by means of popular subscription a worthy monument of 
this illustrious benefactor. The sLatue of G. Averoff was exe- 
cuted with much art by M. G. Vrontos in Pentelic marble, 
])Iaced on a simple pedestal at the right of the entrance to the- 
-Stadium. 

We publish the piclm-e of George Averofif, to wdiom we owe 
the reconstruction of the ancient Panathenaic Stadium in its 
present magnificent appearance. It was rebuilt entirely of marble 
by him, he having spent for this object more than two million 
t'ancs. 

r.eorge AverofF ought to be considered, therefore, one of the 
])rincipal authors of the revival of the Olympic Games. 

During tlie Olympic Games H. R. H. The Crown Prince, 
President of the Committee of the Olympic Games, placed a 
royal wreath on the statue of George Averofif, the great bene- 
factor of the nation, as a token of their great esteem and rever- 
ence for him. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



ORIGIN OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES 

'I he orisin of the games recedes into the mythical ages. The 
Gr.'eks reverenced Hercules as their founder— not the hero 
usually known by that name, but the Idcxan Hercules, who was 
s-iid to have been present at the birth of Zeus hmiself. Ihe 
liter Hercules, however, also took part in some famous contests 
lure, after the defeat of King Augeas of Elis Enomaos. kmg 
of Pisa the old capital of the district, compelled the suitors ot 
his daughter Hippodameia to compete with him in chariot- 
racing, and ignominiouslv put to death all whom he vanquished, 
until ^it length Pelops succeeded in beating him and so won the 
hand of Hippodameia. Pelops was thus the heroic prototype ot 
the victors of Olvmpia, and as such was held in high honor there. 
The actual founding of the games proper is ascribed to Iphitos 
of Elis, who, along with Li'kourgos of Sparta, reorganized the 
games at the bidding of the oracle of Delphi in the ninth century 
P.. C, introduced the "Ekecheiria"' (lit. "hand-staying,^ truce ) 
or "Peace of God" among all the states of Greece during the 
celebration of the games. Pausanias saw the decree mscribed 
on a discus of bronze, preserved in the Heraeon. By this means 
the Olympian Games rose to the dignity of a national festival, 
which was the visible expression of Hellenic unity, in spite ot 
all the interracial contentions and wars among the individual 
states of Greece. The regular chronicle of Olympian victors 
begins in B. C. ll^, but the use of Olympiads as chronological 
epochs did not originate till much later. 

The games took place after the f^rst full moon after the sum- 
mer solstice. At the beginning of the sacred month, the Eleans 
who had been left in undisturbed possession of the sanctuary 
since about B. C. 580, sent heralds to proclaim the universal 
peace throughout all Greece. The competitors and ^P^^^^^toj-s c^^ 
the festival streamed in from far and near, the larger states 
represented bv embassies ("Theori.-e"), which were sometimes ot 
great magnificence. The function lasted for five days, ^^^ '"^ 
tral point was a series of great sacrifices to Zeus and other eods 
under the solemn management of priests, ^^o^^ of whoni dwe't 
eontinuouslv at Olvmpia. The ^^^iMfices were ac.-ompa. led by 
athl.tic contests of ihe most varied description, foot-races, 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 153 

luirling the discus, wrestling, boxing, cliariot-raccs, etc., carried 
on under the direction of the Helhinodik.-e ("Judges of the Hel- 
lenes'V. who were at the same time the highest political body in 
El is. 

The original and most important event in the games was the 
foot-race in the Stadion, at first one length of the course, 
but afterwards two or more. In the i8th Olympiad (B. C. 708) 
tile Pentathlon or Fivefold Contest was introduced, a com- 
bination of leaping, hurling the discus, running, wrestling, and 
boxing, so arranged that only the victors in the first contest 
could compete in the latter, and that the final contest should be 
a boxing match between the two best competitors. In the 25th 
Olympiad (B. C..680) was held the first Chariot-race with four 
horses. In the ,3,3d Olympiad (B. C. 648) the first horse race 
took place, and the Pankration, a combination of wrestling and 
boxing, was introduced. Subsequently special competitions for 
boys in most of these sports were arranged, and in the 65th 
Olympiad (B. C. 520) the Hoplitrodromos, or "Soldiers' race m 
licavy marching order," was added. 

The competitions were restricted to free-born Greeks of un- 
stained character, tho4.ig:h "barbarians" might be spectators. 
Women, with the exception of the Elean priestess of Demeter, 
were not permitted to view the sports. Before the contest the 
competitors had to appear in the Bouleuterion, in presence of 
Zeus Horkios, and take an oath that they had undergone the 
prescribed ten months' course of training and would obey the 
Olympian laws and regulations of the games. They then entered 
the Stadion by a special entrance with the Hellanodikre, the 
heralds announcing the name and country of each athlete as he 
.ilipeared. The palm was handed to the victor immediately after 
the contest. The prizes proper, simple branches from the sacred 
olive tree planted by Hercules himself, were distributed at the 
end of the games to all the victors at the same time. The 
(ireeks attached the most extraordinary value to the Olympic 
olive-branch. Pindar has celebrated it in spirited song. Its 
acquisition was not only a lifelong distinction for the winners, 
but reflected also the highest honor on their families and on 
their states, and their countrymen used to testify their gratitude 
by triumphal receptions, banquets at the public expense, and 
often by exemption from taxes. 

In Olympia itself the champions dwelt at the public expense in 
the Prytaneion and had the right of erecting a statue in the Altis, 
which, in the case of a triple victory, was aJlowed to bear the 
features of the victor. Besides these statues, the first of which 
were erected in wood about the 60th Olympiad (540), numerous 




CLIMBING THE KOPE-10 MFTERS. 



SPALDING'S ATHIETIC LIBRARX. 155 

votive offerings were presented by states and individuals, so that 
in the course of centuries there arose that forest of statues, the 
description of which, even after it had been several times plun- 
dered by the Romans, fills nearly an entire book in Pausanias 
(p. cxxxi). 

In addition to the athletes, men illustrious in the intellectual 
sphere also sometimes appeared with their performances. Hero- 
dotus is said to have read in public at Olympia a portion of his 
historical work, and so to have fired the youthful Thucydides, 
who was present, to the composition of his history. Celebrated 
authors like Georgias and Lysias, addressed the people from the 
opislhodomos of the temple of Zeus, as did the sophist Hippias 
of Elis and others. Painters exhibited their works here. It was 
here also that Themistokles enjoyed his greatest triumph, when 
at his appearance in the Stadion, probably in the 77th Olympiad 
(472), the assembled Greeks greeted the hero of Salamis with 
shouts of applause. At a later date Plato was also received here 
with honor by the admiring multitude. 

The Olympic Games attained their zenith in the period after 
the Persian Wars and the contemporary struggles of the Sicilian 
Greeks against the Carthaginians. As Hellenic influence ex- 
tended to the East, the contingents from the Asiatic states and 
from Egypt, as well as those from Macedonia and Thrace, grew 
larger and larger. In the Roman period we find champions hail- 
ing from all parts of the empire, and even two emperors, Tiberius 
and Nero, on victories here. Greece proper, on the other hand, be- 
came less and less conspicuous. Professional athletes appeared 
and, traveling from one to another of the numerous athletic 
meetings, succeeded in degrading the Olympic victory to a trade. 
'Ihe regular celebration of the Olympic Games seems to have 
died out in the fourth century A. D. The Emperor Theodosius 
finally suppressed them in 394. 

For translations and extracts the publishers of "Murray's 
Greece," "Baedecker's Greece," and the "Official Olympic Book 
edited by C. P. Lambros" are respectfully given credit. 




THROWING THE Disc I IS (JIM:EK STYLE, 
Showing First PobiiiuNs oi the Throw. 



Sl'ALDINUS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



THROWING THE DISCUS 



Greek Style. 

This manner of throwing the discus confirms all that has 
hi'en said by the ancient writers on this subject and accords 
witli the monuments relative to this sport still in existence. 
F.xamined from a mechanical point of view it is also most 
advantageous in producing the desired effect (the length of 
the throw). The inclined platform assists the body in keep- 
ing the center of gravity at the moment where the thrower, 
having carried the disc in advance, is obliged to lean a little 
ft)rward. The muscles of the secondary members are spared a 
part of the work in keeping the equilibrium of the body, and 
resting free to produce their work with all the other muscles 
during the flexion and extension of the trunk which follows 
this position. 

The extension of the whole body with tlie two hands holding 
the disk above, facilitate the deep breathing that the athlete 
should take before leaning forward and putting to work all the 
extensor muscles of the body and to prepare for the brusque 
contraction of the flexors, while the work of the extensors will 
be interrupted. 

The right leg placed in advance since the beginning receives 
all the shock and raises all the body during the torsion and 
extensor of the trunk, following simultaneously the throwing 
backward of the right hand that carries the disc. 

What is more, having thus assured the equilibrium of the 
body, it is permitted to the left leg to extend itself lightly so 
as to be able to increase the extension of the lateral muscles of 
the trunk and consequently their contraction also during the 
straightening of the body and at the same time to serve not only 
as a rest, but also to reinforce this blow of loins when during 
the blow there is danger of being thrown backwards. 

The hu"d should turn toward the hand, that holding the disc 
following the moving of the body so as not to diminish the 
nniscular energy and also to increase the torsion of the trunk 
toward the right. It is known that the long muscles of the back 
extending from one ;nd to another of the vertebral column the 



^^^^■^1 










1 





THROWING THE DISCUS. GREEK STYLE. 
Showinu ^.ip; Finish of the Throw. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBUAUV 



unilateral contraction of whicli has for effect the torsion of the 
trunk. To contribute also to the intensity of this torsion co- 
operating movement of the left hand, which balances itself just 
in front of the right knee without leaning on it. This last 
position is conserved in the discobolus of Myron (Figs. VI. and 
VII.), which has been in some sort the point of departure in 
all this which has been written on the throwing of the discus. 
This statue only represents one fugitive movement which many 
other positions lead up to. 





Fig. I. 



Fig. II. 



Fig. III. 



This position is the best and most advantageous of all those 
that the body is able to take in order to concentrate on a single 
point all his muscular energy. The rapid extension of the legs, 
the twisting an extension from lower down on the right side to 
high up on the left side, the extremely rapid and violent 
balancing of th.e hand which carries the disc in back and with 
slight pronation also the co-operative balancing of the left hand, 
all these form a group of forces which unite themselves into 
one movement having for its point of application the disc, which 
starts perpendicular to the surface of the inclined platform, but 
the disc should be thrown at an angle of about 45 degrees. The 



srALDi.\(;'S ATiiLirric library. 



161 



Anglo-Saxon lioxers of our days Iiave formulated an aphorism 
that a good blow with the fist was aided by the muscles of the 
loins and the entire body. The principle is true and is proven 
by the physiological science (Dr. Lagrange's Physiology of Body 
Exercise, page 21). It can be applied to the throwing of the 
disc where one seeks to gain a similar object by extreme mus- 
cular energy. It is also just to say that this manner of throw- 
ing presents an economy of considerable work. On one hand 
the total quantity of work is increased; that is, the intensity of 
muscular contraction is increased, but on the other hand the 
duration and number of movements are diminished. The throw- 
ing of the disc from any point of view is aesthetic. That the 




Fig. IV. 



Fig. V. 



Fig. VI. 



throwing of the disc is beautiful and remarkable, especially when 
the thrower has succeeded by a rational throwing to render his 
body an instrument subject to his will. The effort which thrusts 
forward the hand with the disc, begins in the leg which is ex- 
tended and thtn involves the thigh, which projects the trunk in 
the direction in which the discus is to be thrown ; the muscles of 
the loins transmit the movement to the thorax, and those of the 
thorax pass it on to the shoulder, which in its turn thrusts for- 
ward the forearm and the hand holding the disc, thus trans- 
mitting to the hand the iovcc to which the entire body has 
contributed. 



SI'ALDINCS ATHM;TIC LIBRARY. 163 

It is exactly for this reason that the sport has been classified 
by the ancients among the violent sports. 

1. The thrower steps up on the platform and holding in a 
natural manner the disc, no matter which hand. Stace says 
that before stepping, he beats it on the edge into the dust on 
the ground so as to have a firmer hold, reseeking attentively 
the part of the disc where he must place his fingers and the 
part necessary to place against his forearm. The throwers do 
not wish to have two faces too well polished, but would rather 
have a hold for the palm and fingers. 

2. Then the athlete seizes the disc with the right hand, the 
fingers spread out and holding lightly the rim; he assured the 





Fig. VH. 



Fig. VIII. 



hold by means of the left hand, which supported the disc at the 
other side, while elevating the two hands slightly in advance. 

3. At this moment the knees were separated, the rig^, ex- 
tended ir advance and the left slightly flexed in the rear— after 
which he straightens the trunk a little, and raises the hands 
which, half extended, yet hold the disc. (Figs. II. and III.) 

He carries the weight of the body more in advance: turning 
on the right leg he turns the trunk brusquely to the right. The 
kft hand abandons the disc to the right and the left leg touches 
the ground by the toes only (Figs. IV. and V.). turning the 
head in the direction of the right hand, stilly holding the disc. 
Stooping over on the right leg with a sufficient flexion and 



SPALOt.VrrS ATfir.KTIf- I.fBRARY. 165 

turning so as to be able to sie trunk right sides with the right 
hand entirely extended still carrying the disc with a full sweep 
of the body, he throws it in arrear with a sweep of the shoulder 
as full as the anatomical construction and flexion of the body 
will allow. 

The left hand, on the contrary, becoming free, follows the 
movement of the trunk, lets itself hang with inertion just before 
the right knee, ready to throw itself violently to the left during 
the movement which goes to follow and thus to balance the 
spring that all the body takes in advance. CFigs. VI. and VII.) 

In this position, by a brusrjue and. simultaneously torsion, and 
extension of the trunk to the left and raising on his limbs at 
the same time, he thrusts the right hand violently forward and 
throws the disc with all his force, and straightening himself, he 
follows the throw with a slight jump forward (Fig. VIII.; 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARX. 167 



ORGANIZATION OF THE OLYMPIC 
GAMES OF 1906 



A great deal of the credit for the marvelous success of the 
Olympic Games of 1906 — such a success that all previous Olympic 
Games suffer by comparison — was due to the untiring efforts of 
H. R. H. the Crown Prince and the Greek Committee, and the 
consistency of the marvelous organization which they had built 
up. To be sure, at home, in Athens, all worked hard and well 
toward the success of the Games of 1906; it meant a great deal 
to them ; but the Greek Committee alone would have been 
powerless had not the Crown Prince, through Secretary Lam- 
bros, organized committees in every country in the world. 
These committees selected men with rare good judgment, and 
nun were appointed who stood for everything that was good 
atliletically. As a result, it is doubtful if ever before in the 
history of the world there has been a set of games which were 
organized under such competent auspices, and to publish a book 
on the Olympic Games without a complete list of the names of 
the men who were responsible for this magnificent success would 
be wrong, and therefore it is with great pleasure that we append 
herewith a complete list of committeemen who were highly hon- 
ored b_\- appointment froiu H. R. H. the Crown Prince. 



FOREIGN COMMITTEES. 
(Reprinted from the Official Programme.) 
AMERICA. 

Honorary President — Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Washington. 

President — Caspar Whitney, New York. 

Secretary — James E. Sullivan, 21 Warren Street, New York 
City: 

Honorary \"ice-Presidents — George J. Gould, New York; Jos. 
B. Maccabe, East Boston, Mass. ; Frederick J. V. Skiff, 
Chicago; John R. Van Wormtr, New York; S. R. Guggen- 
heim, New York. 



SPALOINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 169 

Executive Committee — Caspar Whitney, Chairman, New York ; 
Jos. B. Maccabe, East Boston, Mass. ; Dr. Luther Halsey 
Gulick, Brooklyn ; Gustavus T. Kirby. New York ; Juhan 
W. Curtiss, New York ; Thornton Gerrish, New York ; 
James E. SulHvan, New York. 

Finance Committee — J. W. Curtiss, Chairman ; Joseph B. Mac- 
cabe, John R. Van Wormer, A. L. Shapleigh, Frederick R. 
Pratt, Wm. Greer Harrison, Evert Jansen Wendell ; Gus- 
tavus T. Kirbv, Caspar Whitney, James E. Sullivan, Fred- 
erick J. V. Skiff. 

Selection of Team Committee — James E. Sullivan, Chairman; 
Caspar Whitney, James H. Sterrett, Edward E. Babb, 
Thomas F. Riley, John J. O'Connor, Herbert Hauser, Gus- 
tavus T. Kirbv, Evert Jansen Wendell, Julian W. Curtiss, 
A. A. Stagg, D. R. James, Jr., E. C. Brown, B. P. Sullivan, 
Theo. E. Straus. Chas. H. Sherrill, P. Gorman, F. W. 
Rubien, James Pilkington, H. W. Kerrigan, Dr. L. H. 
Gulick, Charles Baird. 

American Committee — Joseph B. Maccabe, East Boston. Mass. ; 
H. L. Geyelin, Philadelphia, James H. Sterrett, Philadel- 
phia ; Edward E. Babb, Boston ; John J. O'Connor. St. 
Louis; Herbert Hauser. San Francisco; A. G. Mills, New 
York; Capt. John J. Dixon, Brooklyn; F. W. Gerould, 
Chicago ; A. L. Shapleigh. St. Louis ; Frederick R. Pratt, 
Brooklyn ; Paul Dashiell, Annapolis, Md. ; Bartow S. Weeks, 
New York ; Gustavus T. Kirby, New York ; Julian W. 
Curtiss, New York; Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, New 
York ; George W. Beals, Boston ; W. H. Liginger. Mil- 
waukee. Wis. ; A. A. Stagg. Chicago ; George W. Morri- 
son, Boston ; W. D. Ncsbit, Birmingham, Ala. ; D. R. 
James, Jr., New York; Everett C. Brown, Chicago; 
Charles Baird. Ann Arbor, Mich.; Thos. F. Riley. No. 
Cambridge. Mass. ; B. P. Sullivan. New Orleans ; Theo- 
dore E. Straus, Baltimore ; P. Gorman. Montreal, P. Q. ; 
W. Scott O'Connor. New York ; Charles H. Sherrill. New 
York; Dwight C. Davis. St. Louis: F. W. Rubien, New 
York; Thornton Gerrish. New York; John T. Dooling, 
New York ; F. R. Moulton, Kansas City, Mo. ; Evert J. 
Wendell, New York ; Oliver Shiras, New York ; James 
Pilkington, New York ; Wm. Greer Harrison, San Fran- 
. cisco ; H. W. Kerrigan. Portland, Ore. ; Addison Thomas, 
Chicago ; D. N. Botassi. Consulate-General of Greece in 
New York City; N. Salopoulos, Consulate-General of 
Greece in Chicago, Chicago, 111. 



SPALDINGS ATHLETIC LIBRART. 



ENGLAND. 



President lion. — His Grace the Duke of Argyll, K. T. 

Vice-Presidents Hon. — His Grace the Duke of Marlborough 
K. G. ; His Grace the Duke of Westminster; Rt. Hon. 
Lord Lansdovvne K. G. ; Rt. Hon. the Earl of Gersey ; 
; Rt. Hon. A. J. Balfour. 

Vice-Presidents— G. V. A. Schofield, A.A.A. ; H. Venn, Esq., 
; L.C.A. 

Secretaire Hon. — M. C. Marinaky, Esq. 

Membres — MM. S. A. Abrahams, Esq., Emmanuel College, 
Cambridge ; Dr. Roscoe Badger, W. M. Barnard, Esq. 
(L. C. A.); A. R. Churchill, Esq.; K. Cornwallis, Esq., 
University College, Cambridge ; D. Scott Duncan, Esq., 
Edinburgh ; J. E. Fowler-Dixon, Esq. ; C. B. Fry, Esq. ; 
Rev. J. 1 1. Gray, Queen's College, Cambridge ; C. B. Gull, 
Esq., 0.\ford; C. Herbert, Esq.; Le Rev. Courcy Lafan; 
C. N. Jackson, Esq.; C. L. Lockton, Esq.; G. Robtrtson, 
Esq.; Montague Shearman. Esq., K.C. ; Harold Wade, 
Esq. ; A. R. Welsh, Esq., Trinity College, Cambridge. 



AUSTRIA. ■'. 

Vienna Sub-Committee — 

Protectcur — Son Altesse Iniperiale IMgr I'archiduc Rainer. 
President — S. E. le comte Hans Wilczek. 

Membres — S. A. le prince Alex, zu Solms-Brannfels ; S. E. 
le comte Carl Sohonborn-Buchheim ; S. E. le comte Carl 
Lanckeronski ; Mr. le consul-general Alexandre Singer ; 
Mr. Emmanuel Bachmayr, Mr. Themistocle Petrocochino, 
Mr. le chevalier Georges von Metaxa, Mr. Nicolas 
Doumba, Mr. le chevalier Nicolas Scanavi, Mr. le chevalier 
Hans Galatti, S. A. le prince Emmanuel Ypsilanti, S. A. 
le prince Theodore Ypsilanti, Mr. le conseiller imperial 
Basile Gianclia, Mr. le baron Louis Czekelius von Rosen- 
feld, Mr. von Wertheim, Mr. le professeur Adolf Wilhelm, 
Mr. Theobald Harmsen. 
Prague Sub-Committee — • 

Representation pour Bohcme : Le Comite tsheque des jeux 
Olympiques a Prague. 

President— Mr. le docteur Jiri Guth. 
Sub-Committee Trieste — 

Membres— MM. le baron Stephau von Ralli, Le baron Kimon 
von Ralli, Le baron Leon von Economo, Le chevalier 
Michael von Galatti, Nicolas Sevastopoulo, Etienne 
Siavro. 



.SrAl.DIN'CS ATHLKTIC LIBRARY. l73 

CUBA (Havana). 

President — Air. 1 lector de Saavedra. 

Secretaire — AJr. Portirio Franca. 

3\lembres — MM. Ygnacio Plasencia, Ramon Font, Miguel 
Morales, Ramon Hernandez, Carlos Macia, Dr. Francisco 
Dominguez Roldan, Charles Morales, Miguel Angel Men- 
doza, Gonzalo Freyre de Andrada, Federico Gibert, Vidal 
Grana, Felix Carvajal. 

Presidence — Calle Habana No. 49. La Havane, Cuba. 

DENMARK. 

Protecteur — H. R. H. Prince Christian. 

President d'honneur — S. E. Le Ministre of Foreign Affairs, Le 
comte Feodal. Raben-Levetzau. 

President — Hr. Fritz Hansen, Capitaine de I'Artillerie. 

Tresorier — Mr. F. Lorck, Conseiller. 

Secretaire— M. Ivar Nyholm, Intendant niilitaire. 

Membres — MM. R. Bondo, Capitaine I'infanterie, Chef de 
i'ecole militaire de gymnastique a Copenhague ; G. F. Bock. 
Conseiller; Le Commandeur C. Michelsen; H. C. V. 
Moller, Tngenieur en chef des travaux maritimes ; C. V. B. 
Thalbitzer, Co;isul general de Grece ; N. Andersen, Con- 
• seiller ; C. J. Christensen, Conseiller ; Benny Dessau, Di- 
recteur ; Martin Dessau, Conseiller ; Job. Goldschmidt ; A. 
Clod Hansen. Medecin de quarantaine ; J. E. V. Hansen, 
Amiral ; Chr. Hecksher, Consul general; F. L. Hey, Con- 
sul ; Jens Jorgensen ; Job. Kier, Chirurgien major ; K. A. 
Knudsen, Inspecteur de gymnastique; C. F. Lohmann, 
N. C. Monberg, Henrik Norgaard, Emil Vett. 

EGYPT. 

President — Mr. Em. Benakis. 

Secretaire — Mr. D. Theodorakis. 

Membres — MM. M. Synadynos, G. Zervoudakis, M. Salvagos, 
N. Tsigadas, D. Gouzouassis, J. Athanasakis, J. Tsamis, 
D. Fabrikios, Louis Nicolaides, P. Loisidis, L. Cottas, K. 
Benakis. N. Pallis, A. Sepsis, J. Vitiades, Arist. Polymeris, 
Nic. Tsamis. 

SPAIN. 

President — Mr. Le iNLnrquis de Cabrinana. 

Secretaire — Mr. Luis Morote ( journaliste). 

Membres— MM. Le Comte de .A.smir, Le Marquis de Villa- 
viciosa de Asturias. Le conunandant Antonio Barreto, 
Carlos Padros, Roman Macaya. Eduardo Careaga, Manuel 
Alexiades, Felipe Boulafentis, Felipe Pastora. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 175 

NORWAY. 
President — Mr. le lieutenant colonel Thomas Heftge, ancien 

Ministre de la Defence nationale. 
Secretaire — Mr. le capitaine Johan Tidemann Sverre. 
Membres — Mr. le captaine F. G. Seeberg. Professeur de 

gjmnastiquc et d'Escrime a I'Ecole Militaire. 

RUSSIA. 

President — Son Altesse Imperiale le Grand Due Nicolajevitz. 

Secretaire — Mr. le general Kroupentzki. 

Membres — MM. Ic conseiller d'Etat Waltzoff, G. Eumorfo- 
poulo. 

ROUMANIA. 

Secretaire — Mr. Jean Arion. 

Membres — MM. Emmanuel Boutcoulescu, Alexandre Bellio, 
Dr. Dinu Bratianu. Constantin Golescu. Budi Catargiu, 
Jean Cesianu, A. S. H. Panteli, Georges S. H. Panteli. 

SWEDEN. 

President d'honneur — S. A. R. Le Prince Heritier. 

President— Mr. Le colonel Viktor G. Balck. 

Secretaire — M. Le major S. Hermelin. 

Membres — MM. Le directeur B. E. Burman. Le capitaine Sten 
Drakenberg, Le capitaine Erik Erestadius, Le docteur 
Astley Levin, Le directeur J. Sigfrid Edstrom, Le re- 
dacteur E. Bergvall, Le capitaine Goster Drake, Le capi- 
taine B. Festin, Lo capitaine Einar Nerman, MM. Le 
capitaine E. Eick, Fred Lowenadler, John Hakanson, Le 
lieutenant Carl Hjorth. 

SWITZERLAND. 

President — Mr. Alois Naville, President dc I'Automobile Club 
de Suisse. 

Secretaire — Mr. Marcel Guinand, President de I'Union Ath- 
letique Suisse. 

Membres — MM. Dr. Kebedjy, Professeur de droit interna- 
tional a rUniversite de Berne, Louis Buscarlet, President 
de la Societe d'Escrime de Geneve ; Eugene le Royer Pre- 
sident de la Societe Nautique de Geneve; Aime Schwob, 
Directeur de la Presse Sportive ; Gustave de Stoutz, Con- 
sul General de Grece, Chef consul du Touring Club italien 
en Suisse ; Jean Diodati, Chancelier du Consulat general 
de Grece, membre du Conseil d'Administration du Tour- 
ing Club Suisse ; Dr. Francis de Crue, Professeur a 
rUniversite de Geneve ; Godefroy de Blonay. 



SPALniNCS .vTI'I.':TI(' Mr.RAKY. 177 

TURKEY. 
Constantinople Sub-Committcc — 

President — S. E. Mr. J. Gryparis, Ministre de Grece. 
Vice-Presidents — MM. Jean Eliaskos, Chr. Hatzichristos. 
Secretarie — Mr. Ath. Piniatoros. 

Membres— MM. J. Hatzopoulos, S. Cazanovas, D. Vlastaris, 
C. Stecoulis, D. Nicolaides, G. Veil is, S. Carajiannides, 
C. Spanoudis, L. F. Mizzi, Regis Delbeuf, E. Pesmat- 
zogloii, Calvocoressis, Rosber, E. Saridakis, J. Carotseris, 
G. L. Zarifi, L. L. Zarifi, E. E. Evgenides, Th. Courtzi, 
A. Jiannoulatos. Th. Paraschos. 
Smyrna Sub-Committee — 

President — Mr. Phocion Voutsinas. 
Secretaire — Mr. Jean Boskovitz. 

Membres — MM. Dem. Savclis, Ap. Psalloff. An. Arealis, Alex. 
Photiades. Ange Alevras, Richard Whittall. Alfred van 
Leimep. Elie Guiffray. 
Salonica Sub-Committee — 

MM. E. Bountonas, Clcon Ilatzilazaros, N. Papazoglou, N. 
Pindos. 
Trebizonde Sub-Committee — 

MM. P. Acritas, E. Constantinides, B. Joannides, M. Papajian- 
nides, C. Theophilactos. 



GERMANY. 
Representant du Comite — Deutschcr Reichsausschuss fiir 

Olympische Spiele. 
Protecteur — S. A. I. le prince hcritier de I'Empire Allemand et 

de Prusse. 
Presidents d'honneur — S. A. le prince Philippe Ernest zu 

Hohenhohe-Schillingsfiirst. Podebrad, Boheme ; S. A. le 

prince Eduard zu Salm-Horstmar, Berlin ; W. Wilhelm- 

strasse 63 ; S. A. le due de Ratibor, Schloss Rauden, Bez. 

Oppeln ; S. A. le prince Kraft zu Hohenlohe-Oehringen, 

Schloss Slavcntztz, Bez. Oppeln. 
President — S. E. Mr. Ic Comte Egbert von der Asseburg, 

Berlin, N. W. Herwarthstr. 4 IT. 2306. 
Caissier — Mr. le Baron Julius von Hiinefeld. Siidende-Berlin. 

Hermannstr. 8/9. 
Directeur du Bureau et Premier Secretaire — Mr. le Dr. Willi- 

bald Gebhardt. Friedenau, Kranacherstr. 25. 
Deuxieme Secretaire — Mr. le Dr. Hugo Hardy, Berlin. Som- 

merstr. 6. I. 4358. 




J. E. FOWLER-DIXON. 
The veteran English holder of many of the " world's best-on-recordc " for walk- 
ing- and running; born September 3, 1850. During the recent Olympic Games 
in the Stadium at Athens he walked 1500 meters in 8 minutes 45 seconds; he 
ran IS'^O meters in 5 minutes 46 seconds (at intervals of 20 minutes) in the 
presence of the King and other members of the royal family. This event took 
place on Saturday, May 5, 1906. 



spaldin(js athletic library. 

Membres— MJM. J. Becker, Max Blume, Dey. G. Demmler, 
C. Diem, Kurt Dorry, H. Hasperg, Le Comte d'Hausson- 
ville. G. Hax, Fr. A. Hemme, Fritz Hofmann, Alex. 
Moenig, Hermann Jiirst, Dr. Otto Krork, Le Baron von 
Kiihlmann, Le Baron von Maltzahn, Dr. P. Martin, P. J. 
Mviller, C. Orbanowski, Albert Preuss, Prof. H. Haydt, 
Franz von Rekowski-Gynz, Dr. Alfred Schifif, Alfons 
Schoene, Le Comte Adalbert .von Sierstorpf, Dr. Aug. 
Smith, Dr. Fr. 'Praun, G. v. Tschudi, Le Comte de War- 
tensLbcn. 



BELGIUM. 

Protecteur— S. A. Royale Mgr. le Prince Albert de Belgique 

President d'honneur — Mr. Ernest Solvay. 

Presidents — MM. Le Baron de Lavekye, President de I'Union 
beige des societes de sports athletiques ; V^an Overbergh, 
Directeur general de TEnseignement Superieur dts 
Sciences et des lettres, Ministere de I'lnstruction Publiquc. 

Vice-President — Mr. Van dtn Abeele, President du cercle 
d'escrime de la societe "La Concorde." 

Secretaire General — Mr. Lefebure, Captaine Commandant ad- 
joint d'etat-major. commandant I'Ecole normale de gym- 
nastique tt d'escrime. 

'I'resorier — Mr. Walckiers, Secretaire de la Ligue beige de 
Lawn-Tennis. 

Membres — MM. Anspacli, Secretaire du Cercle d'escrime de 
Bruxelles; B. Beauram, Vice-President de la Federation 
beige des Societes de natation; Emil de Beukelaer, Di- 
recteur sportif de la Ligue Velocipedique beige; Albert 
Feyerick, President de la Federation des cercles d'escrime 
de Belgique: Jules le Grand, Vice-Consul de Grece a 
Gand ; Gregoire, President de la Federation beige des 
societes de Natation et des societes d'Aviron ; Henrion, 
Capitaine d'artillcrie, professeur a I'Ecole normale de 
gymnastique et d'escrime; Max Kahn, President du Comite 
International des sports athletiques; Eugene Mignot, Pre- 
sident honoraire de la Federation beige des societes de 
gymnastique ; O. Remy, President de la Ligue Velocipe- 
dique beige ; Le Comte de Ribaucourt, sous-lieutenant, 
President de la section des armes de guerre de I'Union 
des societes de tir de Belgique; De Sahuguet, Secretaire 
de la Federation beige des societes d'aviron ; Armand 
Solvay, President de la Federation beige de Lawn-tennis ; 
Troffaes, President de I'LTnion des societes de Tir de 




G. S. ROBERTSON, 

(Oxford) 

Great Britain's Olympic Representative to the Games. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



Btlgique; Louis Convert, Tresorjer du Comite Central de 
rUnion beige des societes de sports athletiques. 



FRANCE. 

Prt'sidu t d"honneur — S. E. M. Jean Dupuy, Senateur, ancien 
Ministre. 9. rue Scribe, IX^ 

Presidt nt — M. le Baron de Coubertin, President du Comite 
International des Jeux Olympiques, 10 Ed. Flandrin, 
XVI; 

Vice-Presidents — MM. Homolle, Directeur des Musees Nation- 
aux, Pavilion Mollien, Palais du Louvre ; Baillif, Pre- 
sident du Turing Club de France, 9 rue du Midi, Neuilly- 
Seine. 

Secretaire general — M. Pierre Roy, Vice-President de I'Union 
des Societes Frangaises de Sports Athletiques, 51 Avenue 
Victor Hugo, XVI^ 

Secretaire — M. le Dr. Michaelides, i rue Bara. 

Membres — MM. Frangois Arago, Depute. 27 Avenue Mon- 
taigne, VIII^; Le Baron Jean de Bellet, President de la 
Commission de Lawn-Tennis de I'Union des Societes 
Frangaises de Sports Athletiques, 44 Avenue du Bois de 
Boulogne, Paris VHP'; Bruneau de Laborie. Journal le 
"Figaro," 26 rue Drouot, IX*" ; Cazalet, President de I'Union 
des Societes de Gymnastique de France, Bordeaux; Clado 
Marino, i rue de Monbel, XVIP; Duvignau de Launeau, 
President de I'Union des Societes Frangaises de Sports 
Athletiques, 71 Bd. Pereire, Paris XVII^; Escudier Paul, 
Ancien President du Conseil Municipal de Paris, 20 rue 
Moncey, TX^; Ferrant Paul, Vice-President de I'LTnion des 
Societes Frangaises de Sports Athletiques. 18 Quai de 
Bethune, Paris IV''; Fringnet, Inspecteur de I'Academie de 
Paris, 62 rue Claude Bernard, Paris ; Gbudaz. Vice-Presi- 
dent du Yacht-Club de France, 39 Boul. des Capucines, 
Paris; Dr. J. Liouville, President du "Pelican Athletique 
Club," rue de I'Universite, VII? ; Loutil. membre du 
Comite de Permanence de I'Union des Societes de Gym- 
nastique de France, 20 rue du Bel-Air; Merillon, President 
de I'Union des Societes de Tir de France, 106 rue de la 
Faisanderie, Paris; Nicoloooula Jean, 66 rue de Monceau. 
Paris; Rousseau Paul, Vice-President de I'Union Ve- 
locipedique de France, 6 Boulevard des Italiens, Paris ; 
Simon, Secretaire general de la Federation Gvmnastique 
et Sportive des Patronages de France, 5 Place St. Thomas 
• d'Aquin, VII^ ; Vlasto Antoin, Avenue Malakoff, Paris. 




PAUL riLGRIM. 
With cups and laurel wreaths pretented to l.ii 
King George oi' Greece. 



0:1 the final 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
HUNGARY. 

La Grande Commission — 

Rhoussopoulos Rhoussos, rcpresentant du Consulat Royal 
Grec. 

President — Le Comte Geza Andrassy. 

President adjoint — Le Comte Alexandre Teleki. 

Vice-President Gerant — Dr. Georges Gerenday. 

Vice-Presidents — Dr. Edniond Renez, Alfred Briill, Dr. Jean 
Czolder. 

Secretaire — Desire Lauber. 

Caissier — Arthur Baronyi. 

Controleur— Michel Bely. 

Notaires — Ladislas Sallay, Etienne Csurgay. 

Representants du Ministere des Cultes et de I'lnstruction 
Publique — Dr. Edmond Bonez, Conseiller ministeriel, chef 
de I'Enseignement secondaire; Dr. Ladislas Gopcsa, Con- 
seiller de section ministeriel ; Dr. Coloman Szekeres, Pro- 
fessor de I'Ecole royale d'Etat. 

Representants de I'Association Athletique Hongroise — Vice- 
President Gerant, Dr. Georges Gerenday; Secretaire. Con- 
stant Stankovits, Dr. Eugene Karafia'th, Eugene Moor, 
Bela Miiller. Paul Pick (Athletique) ; Dr. Jean Virava, 
Desire Olasz (Natation) ; Dr. Bela Nagy, Georges Fold- 
varv pin. (Escrime) ; Dr. Pierre Taties, Henri Vida 
(Lutte). 

Representants de la Federation des Associations de Gymnas- 
tique de Hongrie — President, Le comte Alexandre Teleki ; 
Vice-President, Dr. Jean Czolder; Secretaire, Dr. Andre 
Andor, Michel Bolla, Michel Bely, Charles Iszer, Jean 
Maurer. 

Representants de la Federation des Associations de Foot-Ball 
de Hongrie — ^President, Caetan Banovits ; Secretaire, 
Andre Nemeth. 

Representants de la Federation des Associations des rameurs 
de Hongrie — President, Frangois Perger ; Secretaire, 
Zoltan Abray. 

Representants des Associations — MM. Henri Vida, Cercle des 
Gymnastes Hongrois ; Frederic Minder, Societe de Sport 
des officiers des Postes et Telegraphes de Budapest ; Dr. 
Joseph Stern, Societe de Gymnastique et d'escrime du HI^ 
arrondissement de Budapest ; Charles Demeny, Societe de 
Gymnastique de Budapest f'Bude) ; Alexander Rugler, 
Societe de Gymnastique de Vieille-Bude ; Dr. Zoltan 
Fuzessery, Societe de Natation Hongroise ; Arpad^ Gorove, 
"Neptune" Club des Rameurs ; Dr. Etienne Zaborszky, 




HANDSOME SILVER PLAQUE WON BY MARTIN J, 

SHERIDAN FOR THROWING THE DISCUS 

(FREE STYLE). 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

"Pannonia" Club dts Rameurs ; Ladislas Nagy. "Wes- 
selenyi" Club d'Escrime; Jules Stielly. jun. Societe Athle- 
tique de Budapest ; Dr. Louis Hody, Societe de Sport des 
officiers de la Caisse d'Epargue des Postes ; Rodolphe 
Szurmak, Societe Nationale des Rameurs ; Tibor Reber, 
"Balaton" Societe des Nageurs ; Bela Daner, Club Athle- 
tique de TUniversite de Budapest : Joseph Lazar. Club 
.Athletique et de Foot-Ball de I'Universite Technique; Dr. 
Marcel Hajdn, Club d'escrime de la Capitale ; Jean 
Szathmarg, Club Athletique d'Arad ; Dr. Mathias Dobro- 
vits, Club Gymnastique de Pozsony; Andre Jaritz, Societe 
des Tireurs des Citoyens ; Ferdinand Friedrich, Club 
Athletique Hongrois ; Arthur Baronyi, Club des Tireurs 
de la Capitale ; Tihamer Lisznyay Damo, ''Hunnia," 
Societe des Rameurs ; Dr. Ernest Picker, "Le Danube" 
Club des Rameurs. 

ITALY. 

President — Mr. le commandeur Louis Lucchini, depute, presi- 
dent du Comite pour I'Education physique. 

Commissaire general — Mr. le commandeur Vito Pardo, di- 
recteur general de I'Association Nationale "Audax 
Italien." 

Secretaire Hon. — Mr. le prof. Cesar Tifi, directeur de la 
Societe gymnastique de Rome. 

Vice-Secretaire — Pierre Cancani, vice-consul de Grece a Rome. 

Membres — MM. Joseph Mantica, depute, president de I'Asso- 
ciation Nationale des Professeurs de Gymnastique; Louis 
Duce, general, president de la Societe Gymnastique de 
Rome, membre du Conseil de la Federation Gymnastique 
italienne; Bruto .Amante, directeur de I'Education physique 
au Ministere de I'lnstruction publique; Jean Ceresole, com- 
missaire regional de I'LTnion velocipediste italienne ; Le 
commandeur Joseph M. Fiamingo, directeur de "I'ltalie" ; 
Mr. le chevalier Benedetto Intriglia, consul general de 
Grece a Rome. 




HIGHEST AWARDS 

rOR SPALDINC ATHLETIC GOODS 



GRAND PIUZE 

ST. U)U1S 
1904 



GRAND PRIX 

PARIS 
1900 




Running 
Shoes 

P I N E S T Calfskin 

*- Running- Shoe; 

light weight, hand 

made, six spikes. 

NO. 10 
Per pair . . $4.50 



Running 
Shoe 

pALFSKIN Running 

^-^Shoe, machine 

made. 

NO. 11 

Per pair . . $3.00 




A. C. SPALDINC Sl BROS. 






New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco I 

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Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal, Canada London, Ensrland Hamburg, Germany 




HIGHEST AWARDS 

FOR SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 



GRAND PRJZE 

ST. LOUIS 



GRAND PRIX 

PARIS 
1900 




Cross Country Shoe 




Jumping and Hurdling Shoe, 



Cross 

Counrry 

Shoes 

P I N E S T Kangaroo 
^ leather; low broad 
heel, flexible shank, 
hand sewed: six spikes 
(in sole: with or with- 
out spikes on hetl. 

NO. I4C 
Per pair . . $5.50 



Jumping and 

Hurdling 

Shoe 

pri N E kangaroo 
* leather, hand made, 
specially stiffened fole, 
and spikes in heel 
placed according to the 
latest ideas to assist 
j jmper. 

NO. \m 
Per pair . . $5.50 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



(U, 



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Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 

Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal. Canada London, England Hamburg, Germany 




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rOR. SPALDmC ATIOETIC GOODS 



GRAND PRIZE 

ST. LOUIS 



GRAND PRIX 

PAKIS 
1900 




Spalding Athletic Wear 




INDOOR RUNNING SHOES 

Made With or Without Spikes 

No. III. Fine leather, rubber tipped sole, with spikes. Per pair, $4.00 
No. 1 12. Leather shoe, special corrugated rubber tap sole, no spikes. 3.00 
No. 1 14. Leather shoe, rubber tipped, no spikes. Per pair, 2.50 

INDOOR JUMPING SHOES 

Made With or Without Spikes 

Hand-made, Best Leather Indoor Jumping Shoe, rubber soles. 
No. 210. Per pair. $5.00 

Send for Spalding's Illustrated Catalogue of all Athletic Goods. 



J 



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Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 

Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal, Canada London. England Hamburg, Germany 



leans I 
;innati I 
rmany I 




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rO». SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 



GRAND PRIZE 
ST, LOUIS 



GRAND PRIX 

PARIS 
1900 




Regulation 56-lb. Weight 






Made after modei submitted by Champion J. S. Mitchel, and endorsed 
by all weight throwers. Packed in box and guaranteed correct in 
weight and in exact accordance with rules of A.. A. U. 

No. 2. Lead 56-lb. weights. Complete, $10.00 



^ 



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(L=. 



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Montreal, Canada Ijondon, England Hamburg, Germany 




o 



h 



n ins. 


.lOHN FLANAGAN 


Island 


Cliampion IH-Ui. 


1904. 


Hammer Thrower 



Spalding Championship Hammer 

With Bali-Bearing Swivel 

THE Spalding Championship Ball Bearing 
Hammer, originally designed by John 
Flanagan, the champion of the world, has iaeen highly 
endorsed only after repeated trials in championship 
events. The benefits of the ball bearing construction 
will be quickly appreciated by all hammer throwers. 
Guaranteed absolutely correct in weight. 

No. 02. 12-Ib., with sole leather case. $7.00 

No. 02X. 12 -lb., without sole leather case. 5.00 

No. 06. 16-Ib., with sole leather case. 7.00 

No. 06X. 1 6-Ib., without sole leather case. 5,00 



^ 






A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



j New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco 

I Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 

I Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
I Montreal, Can. London. England^ 





HIGHEST AWARDS 

rOR SPALIHNC ATHLETIC GOODS 

GRAND PRIZE /^^ GRAND PRIX 

ST. LOUIS ,\^_^.„, , 

' " 1900 



Regulation Shot, Lead and Iron 

G uaranteed Correct hi Weight. 



No. 19. 16-lb.. Lead. - Each. $3.50 

No. 21. 12-lb.. Lead. - " 3.00 

No. 23. 16-lb.. Iron. - " 1.75 

No. 25. 12-lb.. Iron. . •' 1.50 

No. 18. 8-lb.. Iron. - •' 1.25 




Spalding New Regulation Hammer 



With Wire Handle 




7 




LEAD 




r 


No. 


9. 


12-lb.. Lead, Practice. 


- 


Each. $4.25 


No. 


10. 


16-lb., Lead, Regulation. 
IRON 


- 


" 4.50 


No. 


12. 


8-lb.. Iron. Juvenile. 


- 


Each, $2.50 


No. 


14. 


12-lb., Iron. Practice. ' - 


. 


'• 3.00 


No. 


15. 


16-lb., Iron, Regulation. 


- 


" 3.25 






EXTRA WIRE HANDLES 




No. 


6H. 


For above hammers. 


- 


Each, 50c. 



=3 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



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Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 

Buflfalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal. Canada London. England Hamburg-, Germany 




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rOR. SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 



GRAND PRIZE P/ii^. 

ST. LOUIS 
1904 

^r2 



GRAND PRIX 

FARIS 



=0 G= 




r- 



Spaldmg 
Rubber Covered Indoor Shot 

{Patented December 19, 1905) 

This shot is made according to 

scientific principles, with a rubber 

cover that is perfectly round; 

gives a fine grip, and has the 

proper resiliency when it comes 

in contact with the fioor. It has 

been tested thoroughly in the 

gymnasium of one of the greatest colleges in 

the country, and is pronounced perfect by all 

who have had an opportunity to use it. 

No. P. 16-lb., $10.00 I No. Q, 12-lb.,$9.00 




Indoor Shot 

With our improved leather cover. 
Does not lose weight even when 
used constantly. 

No. 3. 12-lb. . . . 
No. 4. 16-lb. . . . 
No. 26. 8-lb. . . . 



V^: 




r:=J} 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



(U> 



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Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 
Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal. Canada London. England Hamburg, Germany 



gfHiGHEST AWARDS 

rOK SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 

GRAND PRIZE /|c^^ GRAND PRIX 

ST. LOUIS ('(jPMIIII,)") PARIS 





Foster's Patent Safety Hurdle 




FOSTEK'S safety hurdle at the world S fair, ST. LOUIS. 

THE' frame is 2 feet 6 inches High, with a horizontal rod passing 
through it 2 feet above the ground.. The hurdle is a wooden gate 
2 feet high, swinging on this rod at a point 6 inches from one of 
the sides and 18 inches from the other. With the short side up it 
measures 2 feet 6 inches from the ground, and with the long side up, 
3 feet 6 inches. The hurdle can be changed from one height to the 
other in a few seconds, and is held firmly in either position by a thumb- 
screw on the rod. It would be hard to conceive any device more simple 
or more easily handled than this. The invention was used exclusively 
at the Olympic Games at St. Louis and has met with the approval of 
the best known physical directors and trainers of the country. 



Single Hurdle, $3.50 



Per set of Forty Hurdles, $100.00 




SPALDING & BROS. 

|New York Chicago St. Loui.s Denver San Francisco 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 

BufTalo Philadelphia Washin^'on Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal. Canada London. EnRland Hamburg:, Geiinany 




^: 



No. I09. Wooden uprights, graduated in quarter inches, adjustable 
to 12 feet. . . Complete. $15. OO 

No. (10. Wooden uprights, inch graduations, adjustable to 10 
feet. ...... Complete, $ I O-OO 

No. (II. Wooden uprights, inch graduations, 7 feet high. 7.50 

CROSS BARS 

No, 1(2. Hickory. .... Per doz., $3.00 



J 



A. C. SPALDING &. BROS. 



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Montreal. Canada London, England Hamburg, Germany 




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FOR SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 



GRAND PRIZE 

ST LOUIS 



GRAND PRIX 

PARIS 
1900 




VAULTING POLES 







SELECTED SPRUCE 




No. 


100. 


8 feet long, solid. . . Each, 


$3.00 


No. 


101. 


10 feet long, solid. . . 


4.00 


No. 


102. 


12 feet long, solid. . . 


5.00 


No. 


103. 


14 feet long, solid. . . 


6.00 


No. 


104. 


16 feet long, soli^. . . 


7.00 



HOLLOW SPRUCE POLES 

Considerably lighter than the solid poles, and 
the special preparation with which we fill the 
interior of pole greatly increases the strength 
and stiffness. 

No. 200. 8 feet long, hollow. . Each, $8.00 
No. 201. 10 feet long, hollow. . " 8.50 
No. 202. 12 feet long, hollow. . " 9.00 
No. 203. 14 feet long, hollow. . " 9.50 
No. 204. ]6 feet long, hollow. . " 10.00 

St'iidfor Si>al(l!n(/'s Handsomely niuMrated Catalogue 
of all Athletic Si>ort.s. 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



(U 



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Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 

Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal, Canada London, England Hamburg, Germany 




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SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 




Spalding Athletic Wear 

CHAMOIS PUSHERS 



Made of fine 
chamoi'S skin 
and used with 
running, walk- 
ing, jumping 
and other 
athletic shoes. 
No. 5. 

Per pair, 25c. 




Protection for Running Shoe Spikes 




No.N. Per pair, 



50c. 



<5l A C SPALDING & BROS. (L=> 

'^York Chicago St Louis De-- 1,-/-^° 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas Oity Cincinnati 

luffalo Philadelphia Washmgton P ttsburg ^^^^^b^.g. Germany 




HIGHEST AWARDS 

FOR. SPALDmC ATHLETIC GOODS 



GRAND PRIZE /;< 

ST LOUIS 



GRAND PRIX 

PARIS 




Spalding Athletic Wear 



RUNNING PANTS 

No. 1. White or Black Sateen, 

fly front, lace back. $1.25 
No. 2. White or Black Sateen. 

lace back, fly front. $1.00 
No. 3. White or Black Silesia, 

fly front, lace back. 75c. 

No. 4. White or Black Silesia, 

fly front, lace back. 50c. 

Stripes down sides of any of 
these running pants, 25c. per 
pair extra. 




COMPETITORS' NUMBERS 

Printed on Heavy Manila Paper or Strong Linen 










MANILA 


LINKN 


No. 


1. 


I to 50. S 


et, $ .50 


$2.50 


No. 


2. 


I to 75. 


.75 


3.75 


No. 


3. 


I to 100. 


" 1.00 


5.00 


No. 


4. 


I to 150. 


" 1.50 


7.50 


No. 


5. 


I to 200. 


• 2.00 


10.00 


No. 


6. 


I to 250. 


' 2.50 


12.50 



Send for Spalding's Handsomely Illustrated Catalogue 
of all Athletic Sports. 



^ 



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Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 

Buflfalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal. Canada London. England Hamburg, Germany 




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FOR. SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 



GRAND PRIZE f-^ 

ST. LOUIS 
1904 



GRAND PRIX 

PARIS 



Quarter Sleeve Shirts 





Best Worsted, full fashioned, stock colors 

and sizes. 

No. IF. Each, $3.00 

Cut Worsted, stock colors and sizes. 
No. 601. Each, $1.25 

Sanitary Cotton, stock colors and sizes. 
No. 6F. Each, 50c. 

Send for Spalding's Handsomely Illustrated Catalogue. 



r^. 



oa 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 




New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 

Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal, Canada London, Eng-Iand Hamburg, Germany 



HIGHEST AWARDS 




^ 




No. 1 E. Best Worsted, full fashioned, 
stock colors and sizes. Each, $3.00 

No. 600. Cut Worsted, stock colors 
and sizes. . . Each, $1.25 

No. 6EM. Mercerized Cotton, nat- 
ural color and light blue only. 
Each, . . . $1.00 

Other colors to order ; prices on application. 

No. 6E. Sanitary Cotton, stock colors 
and sizes. . . Each, 50c. 



STRIPED 
SLEEVELESS SHIRTS 

Cut Worsted, with 4 -inch stripe around 
chest, in following combinations of colors : 
Navy with White stripe; Black with 
Orange stripe ; Maroon with White 
stripe ; Red with Black stripe ; Royal 
Blue with White stripe, Black with Red 
stripe. 
JO. 600S. Each, $1.50 




PI 

lii 



Spalduig's Handsomely Illustrated Catalogue of all Sports. 



OCf 

A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



<L^ 



New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 

Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal, Canada London, England Hamburg, Germany 




HIGHEST AWARDS 

rOK SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 



GRAND PRIZE 

ST. LOUIS I 



GRAND PR8X 

PARIS 
1900 




The Spalding 
"Highest Quality" Sweaters 

We allow four inches for 
stretch in all our Sweaters, 
and sizes are marked ac- 
cordingly. It is suggested, 
however, that for very heavy 
men a size about two inches 
larger than coat m,easvre- 
ynent he ordered to insure 
a comfortable Jit. 

Made of the very finest 
Australian lambs' wool, 
and exceedingly soft and 
pleasant to wear. They 
are full fashioned to body 
and arms and without 
seams of any kind. The 
various grades in our 
"Highest Quality" Sweat- 
ers are identical in quality 
and finish, the difference in 
price being due entirely to 
variations in weight. 

Our No. A A Sweaters are 
considerably heavier than 
the heaviest sweater ever 
knitted and cannot be fur- 
nished by any other maker, 
as we have exclusive con- 
trol of this special weight. 
No. A A. Particularly suitable for foot ball and skating. 

Heaviest sweater made $7.50 

No. A. "Intercollegiate," special weight. .... 6.00 

No. B. Heavyweight 5.00 

No. C. Standard Weight 4,00 

Colors: White. Navy Blue, Black, Gray, Maroon and Cardinal. 

Other colors to order. 

Prices on application. All made with 9-inch collars; sizes, 28 to 44 inches. 




^ 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 

Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal, Canada London, England Hamburg, Germany 



ASPECIALAWARD'^r GRAND PRIZE 

wtTcwonbyA.G.SPALDING&BROS.attheLouisiana , 

^i— _ --v Purchase Exposition, 1904, for the best, most complete /^ f—^ 
ff—^ and mostattractiveinstallationof Gymnastic Apparatus, ^— ^ 
[ [ Base Ball and Athletic Sup plies shown at the World's Fair. | | 

Athletic Training 
For Schoolboys 

(Spalding's Athletic Library No. 246) 

By GEO. W. ORTON 




This book is the most complete work of its kind yet attempted. The 
compiler is Geo. W. Orton, of the University of Pennsylvania, a 
famous athlete himself and who is well qualified to give instructions 
to the beginner. Each event in the intercollegiate programme is 
treated of separately, both in regards to method of training and form. 
By following the directions given, the young athlete will be sure to 
benefit himself without the danger of overworking, as many have done 
through ignorance, rendering themselves unfitted for their task when 
the day of competition arrived. Illustrated with numerous full page 
pictures of leading athletes in action. 

PRICE 10 CENTS 

Spalding's Catalogue of Athletic Sports shows the Official 

Implemeitfsi Jl.- ill Athletic Events. Send Your Name for a 

Copy. 



__5) A. C. SPALDING & BROS. (P 

New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco 
Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 
Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal. Can. London. England 



^ 




A. G. SPALDING & BROS.' LONDON HOUSE 
53. 54, 55, FETTER LANE, E. C. 




HIGHEST AWARDS 

FOR SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 



GRAND PRIZE 

ST. LOUIS 



GRAND PRIX 

PARIS 
1900 




r 



TO 



EUROPEAN 
ATHLETES 



v= 



A. G. Spalding & Bros, 
carry the largest and most 
complete line of Athletic 
Goods in Europe ; every- 
^=!^^^^^^^^^^^^ thing that is required for 
sport — either indoor or outdoor, for pleasure or 
competition. Spalding's Athletic Implements are 
recognized throughout the world as official. 

You can write A. G. Spalding & Bros, on any 
subject athletic — in relation to sports, rules, imple- 
ments, equipment, and they will cheerfully give you 
the information you desire. 




A. G. Spalding ®y Bros. 

The Largest Manufacturers of 
Official Athletic Goods in the World 



Factory: 

Putney Wharf, 

London, S. W. 



Retail Store: 

53, 54 & 55, Fetter Lane, 

London, E. C. 



J 



^^X?- 



_JJ A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 

I New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 

Buffalo Philadelphia Washing-ton Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal. Canada London. England Hamburg, Germany 




HIGHEST AWARDS 

FOR SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 
GRAND PRIZE /^^^ GRAND PRIX 

5T. LOUIS nSPALOlNlir) • PARIS 




-.DO.-. 



Are You 
Interested 



-to-datc 



In builcing a mod 
gymnasium ? 

In knowing what the most expert 
athletes in the world u;e and wear? 

In constructing a model track for 
athletics, or a play ground ? 



It's immaterial as to what particular branch of athletics 

you are interested, or if you want to know more about 

athletics, we can es;ii you. 



If You are 
Visiting London 



an inspection of our stores and 
factory will interest you ; if not, 
and you want information on 
sport, correspond with us. We 



will cheerfully answer all questions relative to athletics. 



A. G. Spalding (& Bros. 

Factory : 

Putney Wha rf , 

London, S. W. 



Retail Store : 

53, 54 & 55, Fetter Lane, 

London, E. C. 



Sitahlino'N liandsomely illustrated catalogue of Athletic Sporl.-^ 
mailed free to any address. 



-J 



A. C. SPALDSNC &, BROS, 



(^ 



Ntvv York CliicatT') St. Loui.s Denver San Francisco 

Boston Minneapolis llaltimore Kansas City New Orleans 

HuHalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal. Canada London. England Hamburg, Germany 




HIGHEST AWARDS 

FOR SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 



S^ GRAND PRIZE 

ST. LOWS 
1904 



GRAND PRIX 

PARIS 




(T 



"% 




A. G. SPALDING & BROS 

^ The largest manufacturers in the 
world of Official Athletic Imple- 
ments for all sports and pastimes, 
extend to all athletes or sportsmen 
visiting England, a cordial invita- 
tion to call and inspect their 
London establishments. 



Factory : 

Putney Wharf, 

London, S. W. 



V: 



Retail Store : 

53, 54 (gj, 55, Fetter Lane, 

London, E. C . 



^__5) A. C. SPALDING & BROS. (? . 

I New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco 

I Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas Civy New Orleans 

Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
I Montreal, Canada London, England Hamburg, Germany 



J 



THE FINEST EQUIPPED GYMNASIUM 
IN THE WORLD 

The progress made in the manufacture and the mechanical perfection of the 
various gymnastic apphances shown in the complete gymnasium installed by 
A. G. Spalding & Bros, at the World's Fair, demonstrated that the firm is alive 
to the imperative need of the times. Physical training is being rapidly advanced 
and in the congested sections of the country it is a growing problem how to pro- 
vide for the new conditions. This is particularly true in public school work and 
similar institutions. Real estate in large cities is extremely valuable, and as a 
consequence, gymnasiums are often reduced in size and wholly inadequate to 
the growing needs. This means that the apparatus of the past of a fixed or 
cumbersome character must be superseded by appliances that may be rapidly 
and conveniently handled in a manner to accommodate the constantly increasing 
number of boys and girls needing systematic physical development. 

A. G. Spaldir.g & Bros., who outfitted the complete gymnasium at the World's 
Fair and received the Grand Prize and Gold Medal in competition for their ex- 
hibit, are to be congratulated on their enterprise. 



LIST OF APPARATUS INSTALLED 
20 No. OR Robert Reach Triplicate 

Chest Machines. 
20 Special Rowing Attachments. 
1 New Style Spalding Wrist Roll. 

1 No. 50A Quarter Circle. 
25 Sections Bar Stalls. 

25 Bar Stall Benches. 

2 No. 200 Neily Patent Bom. 

6 Bar Saddles. [and Vaulting Bars. 

3 Special Combination Horizontal 
1 Suspended Horizontal Bar — to 

swing up — Special. 
1 No. 83 Low Parallel. 
3 New Style Spalding Parallel 

Bars — Special. 
3 No. 25 Jump Boards. 
3 No. Vaulting Horses. 
3 Pairs Special Jump Stands. 
3 Grasshopper Spring Boards. 
3 No. 520 Storming Boards. 
1 No. 207 Vaulting Box. 
1 No. 28 Incline Board. 
3 Pairs No. 125 Flying Rings. 
8 No. 126 Traveling Rings. 
12 No. 98 Climbing Ropes. 
1 40-ft. Ladder and Braces. 

1 Horizontal Window Ladder. 

2 Vertical Window Ladders. 

2 Striking Bag Discs and Bags. 
11 5 ft. X 10-ft. X 2-in. Mats. 

3 5-ft. X G-ft. X 2-in. Mats. 
3 3-f t. X 10-ft. X 2-in. Mats. 
3 3-ft. X 5-ft» X 2-in. Mats. 

1 Tumbling Mattress — 5 ft. x 15 

ft. X 8 in., curled hair. 

2 Pairs Official Basket Ball Goals. 
2 Pairs Official Screens for BasU<t 

Ball Goals. 
2 No. M Official Basket Balls. 
2 No. 1 Medicine Balls. 
2 No. 2 Medicine Balls. 
2 No. 3 Medicine Balls. 



IN WORLD'S FAIR GYMNASIUM. 
6 Medicine Ball Racks. 
50 Pairs 1-2-lb. Model Dumb Bells. 
50 Pairs 1-lb. Model Dumb Bells. 
50 Pairs 1-lb. Indian Clubs. 
50 Pairs 1 1-2-lb. Indian Clubs. 
200 Pairs Club and Bell Hangers, on 
stands. 
4 Dozen Wanda. 
4 Dozen. Bar Bells. 
2 Wand Racks. 
4 Dozen Savage Bar Bells. 
8 Dozen Hangers for Bar Bells. 
20 Head Gears, 
20 L'oot Gears. 

1 Set Ring Hockey. 

2 Sets Rope Quoits. 

50 Bean Bags and Cabinet. 

2 Sets Shuffleboard. 
50 Rubber Balls and Cabinet. 

4 8-ft. Jump Ropes. 

4 20-ft. Jump Ropes. 

1 Volley Ball Outfit. 

4 Jump Frames. 
50 Nickel Wands. 

1 Wand Cabinet mounted on roller* 
for nickeled wands. 

1 Game Cabinet. 
50 Grace Hoops. 

2 Grace Hoop Racks. 

1 Pair Physician's Scales. 

1 Stadlometer. ' [etor. 

1 Chest, Back and Loin Dynamom- 

I Chinning Bar. 

1 Pair Wall Parallels. 

1 Chin Gauge. 

1 Wet Spirometer. 

1 Dozen Glass Mouth Pieces 

1 Pair Chest Calipers. 

1 Pair Shoulder Calipers. 

1 Spirometer — shelf. 

1 Dynamometer for Grip. 




DIRAND-STEEL 
LOCKERS 

Lockers That* Last» 

■yV^OODEN lockers are objectionable 
because they attract vermin, re- 
tain odors and can be easily broken into, 
and are dangerous on account of fire, 
liockers made from wire mesh or ex- 
panded metal afford little security, as 
they can be easily entered with wire 
cutters. Clothes placed in them become 
covered with dust ; and the lockers 
themselves present a poor' appearance, 
resembling animal cages. 



Durand -Steel 
Lockers 

are made of 
high-grade steel 
plates, and are 
finished with 
gloss-black fur- 
nace baked (400°) Japan, comparable to that 
used on hospital ware, which will never flake 
off nor require refinishing, as do paints and 
ei amels. 

Durand-St>eel Lockers 

are usually built with doors perforated full 
length in panel design, with sides and backs 
solid. Tliis prevents clothes in one locker from 
coming in contact with wet garments in adjoin- 
ing lockers, while plenty of ventilation is secured 
by having the door perforated its entire length, 
but if the purchaser prefers we perforate the 
backs also. 

IJIusI rated Catalopnc 
scut (1)1, rc(iucst.. 

CHIRCHILL & SPALDING 



470 Carroll Avenue 



CHICAGO. ILL. 



V 





^Jt 



ATHLETIC- 
^ LIBRARY (' 



=^ 



Spalding's Athletic Library 

Spalding's Athletic Library is devoted to all athletic sports and pastimes, 
indoor and outdoor, and is the recognized American cyclopedia of sport. 
Each book is complete in itself: and those sports which are governed 
by National Associations always designate Spalding's Athletic Library 
as the official publication. This gives to each book the ofificial authority 
to contain the rules. Each year the books are brought up-to-date, with 
the latest rules, new ideas, new pictures and valuable information, thus 
making the series [the most valuable of its kind in the world. The 
price, 10 cents per copy, places them in the reach of all, and no one's 
library can be complete unless all numbers are found therein. 



V 



=0 



G 



r^ 



NO. 



13— HOW TO PLAY HAND BALL. 

By the world's champion, Michael 
Egaii, of Jersey City. This book has been 
rewritten and brought up to date in 
every particular. Every play is thor- 
oughly explained by text and diagram. 
The numerous illustrations consist of 
full pages made from photographs of 
Champion Egan, she •ving him in all his 
characteristic attitudes. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 14— CURLING. 

A short history of this famous Scottish 
pastime, with instructions for play, rules 
of the game, definitions of terms and dia- 
grams of different shots. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 23— CANOEING. 

By C. Bowyer Vaux. Paddling, sailing, 
cruising and racing canoes and their uses; 
nith hints on rig and management; the I 
choice of a canoe; sailing canoes; racing 
regulations; canoeing and camping. Fully | 
illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 27— COLLEGE ATHLETICS. 

M. C. Murphy, tlie well-known athletic 
trainer, now with Pennsylvania, the 
author of this book, has written it espe- 
cially for the schoolboy and college man, 
but it is invaluable for the athlete who 
wishes to excel in any branch of athletic 
iport. The subjects comprise the follow- 
ing articles: Training, starting, sprint- 
ing; how to train for the quarter, half, 
mile and longer distances; walking; high 
and broad jumping; hurdling; pole vault- 
ing; throwing the hammer. It is pro- 
fusely illustrated with pictures of lead- 
ing athletes, and has been revised for 
the season of 1006. Price 10 cents. 






I NO. 29-PULLEY WEIGHT EXERCISES 
By Dr. Henry S. .\ndHrson, instructor 
In heavy gymnastics Yale gymnasium, 
Anderson Normal School, Chautauqua 
University. In conjunction with a chest 
machine anyone with this book can be- 
come i)erfectly developed. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 55— OFFICIAL SPORTING RULESr, 

Contains rules not found in other pub- 
lications for the government of many 
sports; rules for wrestling, cross-country 
running, shuffleboard, skating, snowshoe- 
ing, quoits, potato racing, professiouajl 
racing, racquets, pigeon flying, dog rac* 
ing, pistol and revolver shooting. Price 
10 cents. 

I NO. 87— ATHLETIC PRIMER. 

Edited by James E. Sullivan, Secre- 
tary-Treasurer of the Amateur Athletic 
Union; tells how to organize an athletic 
club, how to conduct an athletic meeting, 
and gives rules for the government of I 
athletic meetings; contents also include 
directions for building a track and laying I 
out athletic grounds, and a very instruc- ' 
five article on training; fully illustrated 
with jjictures of leading athletes in ac- 1 
tion. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 102— GROUND TUMBLING. ' 

By Prof. Henry Walter Worth, who, 
was for years physical director of the^ 
Armour Institute of Technology. .\ny 
boy. by reading this book and following 
the instructions, can become a proficient 
tumbler. Price 10 cents. 



ATHLETIC 
LIBRARY^ 






ATHLETIC 
.^LIBRARY! 



fO. 104— THE GRADING OF GYMNAS- 
TIC EXERCISES. 

B{- C. M. Jlixrtin, Physical Director 
I xuf Y. M. (". A. of Youngstowu, Ohio. 
t is a book that should be in the hands 
f rv.-ry physical director of the Y. M. 
A school, club, college, etc. The 

.hi. Mis comprise: The place of tlie class 

I |.li.\sical training; grading of excr- 
i.s.> and season schedules — grading of 
icn. ^lading of exercises, season sched- 
les for various classes, elementary and 
dTaii<-e<l classes, leaders, optional exer- 
ises. Nearly 200 pages. Trice 10 cents. 

10.12*— HOW TO BECOME A GYMNAST 

By Uoti.Tt St<ill. of the New Yurie 
I. ("., the American chaiupiun on the 
ylrig rings frc.ni iss.'i to l.s'.t2. Any boy 
iho fr.Miiieiits a ;;.vniiiMsiiini can easily 
ollow the illustratiiins and instructions 

II this book and with a little practice 
leconie proficient on the horizontal and 
arallel bars, the trapeze or the "horse." 
•Plee 10 cents. 



rO. 128— HOW TO ROW. 

Rv i;. .T. Uiannini, of the New Y. 
1. ('., one of America's most fam 

J ma ten r oarsmeti and champions 
«wk will instruct i 
..v.i- .f rowing how 





one who is 



fully Illustrated, showing h 
the oars, the finish of the stn 
er Information that will p 
to the beginner. Price 10 ce 



<0 129— WATER POLO. 

r,. (ius Sundstrom, instructor at the 
S'ew York A. V. It treats of every de- 
all, tlie individual work of the players, 
he practice of the team, how to throw 
he t>all. with illustrations and many 
.alllalile hints. Price HI cents. 



»0. 13a— OFFICIAL CROaUET GUIDE 

Contains directions for playing, dia- 
grams of important strokes, description 
)f grounds, instructions for the begin- 
ler. terms used in the game, and the 
)aiclal playing rules. Price 10 cents. 



MO. 140— WRESTLING. 

Catch as catch can style. By E. H. 
Flltchcock, M.D.. of Cornell, and R. V. 
Velligan, of Amherst College. Tlie l)ook 
■ontains nearly seventy illustrations of 
the different holds, photographed espc- 
c-lally and so described tliat anybody 
Aho desires to become expert in wrest- 
ling can with little effort learn every 
one. Price 111 cents. 





NO. 142— PHYSICAL TRAINING SIM- 
PLIFIED. 
Ky Prof. E. B. Warman, the well- 
known physical culture expert. Is a 
complete, thorough and practical book 
where the whole man is considered — brain 
and body. By following the instructions 
no apparatus is required. The book is 
adapted for both sexes. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 143— INDIAN CLUBS AND DUMB- 
BELLS. 
1 of the most popular forms of home 
mnasium exercise. This book is 
■n by America's amateur champion 
swinger, J. II. Dougherty. It is 
y illustrated, by which any novice 



149— THE CARE OF THE BODY. 

A book 'hat all who value healtli 
4 should read and follow Its instructions. 
" By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well-known 
lecturer and authority on physical c\il- 
ture. The subject Is thoroughly treated, 
as a glance at the following small por- 
tion of the contents shows: An all- 
around athlete: muscular Christianity; 
eating, diet — various opinions; bill "of 
fare for brain workers; bill of fare for 
makers; what to eat and drink; 
a simple diet; an opinion on brain food; 
why is food required? drinking water; 
nutrition — how food nourishes the body; 
a day's food, how u.sed; constituents of 
a day's ration — lieefsteak. potatoes, 
bread, butter, water, germs of disease, 
etc. Price 10 cents. 



154— FIELD HOCKEY. 

those in need of vigorous and 
hful out-of-doors exercise, this 
is recommended highly. Its 
ful attributes are manifold and 
Interest of player and spectator alike 
iejit aet've throughout the progress 
he game. The game is prominent in 
sports at Vassar, Smith, Wellesley, 
II Mawr and other leading colleges, 
e :o cents. 



NO 156— THE ATHLETE'S GUIDE. 

How to become an athlete. It contains 
full instructions for the beginner, telling 
how to sprint, hurdle, jump and throw 
weights, general hints on training; in 
f.ict, this book is one of the most com- 
plete on the subject that has ever ap- 
peared. Special chapters contain valu- 
able advice to beginners and important 
A. A. U. rules and their explanations, 
while the pictures comprise many scenes 
of champions lu action. Price 10 cents. 



ATHLETld^ 
/LIBRARY/ 




NO. 157— HOW TO PLAY TENNIS. 

A complete description of lawn trnnis; 
a lesson for beginm is and directions tell- 
ing how to malie the most important 
stiokes; styles and skill of the experts; 
the American twist service; how to Imild 
and keep a conrt. Illustrated from 
photographs of leading players in ac- 
tion. Trice 10 cents. 
NO. 158— INDOOR AND OUTDOOR 
GYMNASTIC GAMES. 

Without question one of the best 
books of its kind ever published. Com- 
piled by Prof. A. M. Chesley, the well- 
known Y. M. C. A. physical director. 
It is a book that will prove v:ilu;ilile to 
indoor and outdoor gymnasiums, schools, 
outings and gatherings wluic tlnic are 
a number to be amused. The nimiis ih-- 
scribrd comprise a list of 12i>, divided 
iiit(j several groups. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 161— TEN MINUTES' EXERCISE 
FOR BUSY MEN. 
By Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, Director 
of Physical Training in the New York 
public schools. Anyone who is looking 
for a concise and complete course of 
phvsical education at home would do 
we'll to procure a copy of this book. Ten 
minutes' work as directed is exercise 
anyone can follow. It already has had a 
large sale and has been highly recom- 
mended by all who have followed its in- 
structions". Nearly 100 pages of illustra- 
tions and 100 of text. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 162— BOXING GUIDE. 

For many years books have been issued 
on the art of boxing, but it has remained 
for us to arrange a book that we think is 
sure to fill all demands. It contains 
over 70 pages of illustrations showing all 
the latest blows, posed especially for this 
book under the supervision of a well- 
known instructor of boxing, who makes 
a specialty of teaching and k«ows how 
to impart his knowledge. They are so 
arranged that anyone can easily liecome 
proficient. A partial list of the contnits 
include: The correct position; clenching 
the fist; gauging distance; the first prin- 
ciples of hitting; the elements of de- 
fence; feinting; knockout blows; chin 
punch; the blow under the ear; the fam- 
ous solar plexus knockout; the heart 
blow; famous blows and their origina- 
tors: Fitzsimmons' contribution; the Mc- 
Coy corkscrew; the kidney punch; 6he 
liver punch; the science of boxing; proper 
position of hand and arm; left hook 
to face; hook to the jaw; how to deliver 
the solar plexus; cori-ect delivery of a 
right uppercut; blocking a right swing 
and sending a right uppercut to cliiu; 
blocking a left swing and sondinu- a U-ft 
uppercut to chin, etc., etc.; hints on 
training, diet and breathing; liow to 
train; rules for boxing. Price lU cents. 




/ATHLETIC 
^LIBRAKYi 



NO. 105— THE ART OF FENCING. 



if N( 



the 
ith sixt 
I'ially f( 





uli 






'su;;);" 

Messrs. Senac give in detail how ('■^ei 
move should be inude, ; 
clearly that anyone can 
structions. It is illnstrai 
full page pictures, i>ose(l 
this book. Price 10 cents 
NO. 166— HOW TO SWING INDIA! 
CLUBS. 

P.y Prof. E. B. Warman. the wel 
known ox|ionent of physical culture. 
following the directions carefully anyoi 
can liccoine an expert. Price 10 cents, 
NO. 167— QUOITS. 

I'.v .M. \V. lirsliong. The need of 
bo,,k on tills interesting game has bed] 
felt liy many who wished to know tl 
tine points and tricks used by I ho >■ 
perts. Mr. Deshong explains thei 
illustrations, so that a novice can 
understanil. Price 10 cents. 
NO. 170— PUSH BALL. 

I'lavid witli an air-inflati d ball 
feet 'in diameter, -weighing aliout !| 
jiounds. A side consists of eleven me:l 
'I'his book contains the official rules ar 
a sketch of the game; illustrated. Prii| 
10 cents. 

NO. 174— DISTANCE AND CROSlJ 
COUNTRY RUNNING. 

P,y i; ■,,,> ortoii the famous Univfii 

sitv' of Pennsylvania rnniier. Tells liiO! 
to become prolicient at the (piarter, lipli 
mile, the longer distances, and cm 
conutrv running and steeplechasmg, wt 
instrnrtioiis f.ir training and schedul 
t<, he ol,s.M-ve,l when preparing for 
conli'st Illustrated with numerous p 
lures' of leading athh.tes in action, fi, 
comments by the editor on the good"^! 
bad points shown. Price 10 cents. 
NO. 177— HOW TO SWIM. j 

By J. H. Sterrett, the leading authd 
ity on swimming in America. The 1| 
structions will interest the expert 
well as the novice; the illustrations we 
made from photographs especially pose 
showing the swimmer in clear water; 
valuable feature is the series ot a 
drill" exercises for the beginner, wIji 
is illustrated by many drawings. 1 
contents comprise: A plea for educati 
in swimming; swimming as an exerci 
and for development; land drill ext. 
cises; plain swimming; best naethods 
learning; the breast stroke; breathin; 
under-arm side stroke; scientific stroh: 
—over-arm side stroke; double over-ai 
or "trudgeon" stroke; touching a 
turning; training for racing; ornament 
swimming; floating; diving; runni 
header; back dive; diving feet toretaoi„ 
the propeller; marching on the wat« 
swimming, on the back.^ Price 10 cents. . 




ro. 178— HOW TO TRAIN FOR 
BICYCLING. 

~ iiK'lliiuls of the best liUois 
^ for long or short distance i 
ill training. Revised and up-to 
1 every particular. Price 10 cents 

fO. 180— RING HOCKEY. 

\ 11. w i;;nue for the gymnasiiiin. in- 
l,.,it..l liv Dr. J. M. Vorhees of I'ratt 
iisiiiutf." IJrookl.vn, that has sprung into 
iisi nil i">opularity ; as exciting as basket 
:ill This book contaius otlicial rules. 
'I i. 10 cents. 
10. 182— ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS, 





Ch: 



if sc 



■ri. 



l.l.-s sh.iwiii- wlKit rach iiiiiii re- 
h.r ea<-h perfornianee in .'acb of 
events. It contains as well in- 
r arti<'li'S on how to train for tlie 
Hid Championship. Illustrated 
.my pictures of champions in ac- 
id scores at all-around meets. 
10 cents. 




TO. 185— HEALTH HINTS. 

\ seri<-s of arti.Mes by I'rof. K. B. 
iirtnan. the well-known lecturer and 
Ihoiilv on physical culture. I'rof. 
.Varnian' treats V(>ry interestingly of 
(ealtli intluenced by insulation; hiMlth 
nUnenced by underwear; health inllu- 
nced bv color; exercise, who needs it? 
»#lce 10 cents. 

188— LAWN HOCKEY. TETHER 
TENNIS. GOLF CROQUET, VOL- 
LEY BALL, HAND TENNIS, GAR- 
DEN HOCKEY, PARLOR HOCKEY, 
BADMINTON. 

iiitainin- Ihc iiihs for each game. 
Pirated. I'rice 10 cents. 

JTO. 189— RULES FOR GAMES. 

Compiled by .I.ssio II. B.nicroft, direc- 
r of physical training, department of 
>ducation. New York City. These gaims | 
ire Intended for use at recesses, and all 
>Ut the team games have been adaptnl 
;o large classes. Suitable for children 
;rom three to eight years, and include 
1 great variety. Price 10 cents. 



I 




llfO. 

By 
tietf 

hest 



191— HOW TO PUNCH THE BAG. 
W. 11. Rothwell r-Youn^' Cor- 
■). This book is nndoiibledly the 
trenttse on bag punching that h.is 
be.-n printe<l. lOvery variety of 
us(m1 ill training is shown and ex- 
1(1. The pictures emprise thirty- 
full page reproductions of Young 
'tt as he appears while nt work in 
raining quarters. The photographs 
taken by our special artist and 
"t be seen in any other publication, 
y nag punching is treated by n 
known theatrical hag punehi>r, who 
s the latest tricks. Price 10 cents. 





NO. 193— HOW TO PLAY BASKET 
BALL. 
By G. T. Ilepliroii. oditor of the Of 
ficlal Basket B.ill (iuide. Contains full 
instructions for players, both for the ex- 
pert and the novice, duties of officials, 
and specially posed full-page pictures 
showing the correct and iiicmrect mi'thods 
of playing. Thf deinaiid for a liook of 
this character is fully satisfied in tills 
publieation. as many points are included 
whi<-h could not be incorporated in tlie 
annual publication of the Basket Ball 
Guide for want of room. I'rice 10 cents. 

NO. 194 — RACQUETS. SQUASH- 
RACQUETS AND COURT TENNIS. 

The need of an authoritative handlinok 
at a popular iiricc on these games is 
tilled liv this book. How to play each 
game is thoroughly explained, and all 
the ditticult strok.'S shown by special 
photographs taken especially for this 
book. Contains the official rules for 
each game, with photographs of well- 
known courts. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 199— EQUESTRIAN POLO GUIDE. 

Compiled by II. L. FitzPatrick of the 
New York Sun. Illustrated with por- 
traits of leading players and contains 
most useful information for polo players. 
Price 10 cents. 

NO. 200— DUMB-BELLS. 

This is undoubtedly the best work on 
dnnili-bells that has ever been offered. 
The author, Mr. (i. Bojus, was formerly 
siipeiiiiteiuleiit of physical culture in the 
lOlizaheth (N. J.) public schools, in- 
structor at Columbia University (New 
York), instructor for four years at the 
Columbia summer school and is now pro- 
prietor of the Park Place Gymnasium, 
at 14 Park Place, New Y'ork City. The 
book contains 200 photographs of all the 
various exercises w'ith the instructions in 
large, readable type. It should be in the 
hands of every teacher and pupil of 
physical culture, and is invaluable for 
home exercise as well. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 201— LACROSSE 

P.v William C. Schmeisser, caiitain 
.Tnhns Hopkins University champion 
int>T<'(dIegiate lacrosse team of 1002; 
edited by Ronald T. Abercrombi(\ ex- 
captain and coach of .Tohns Hopkins Uni- 
versity lacrosse team. 1000-1904. Every 
position is thoroughly explained in a 
most simple and concise manner, render- 
ing it the best manual of the game ever 
imblished. Illustrated with numerous 
snapshots of important plays. Price 10 cts. 



lATHLETld 
LIBRARY/ 




ATHLETIC 
\ LIBRARY 



NO. 202— HOW TO PLAY BASE BALL. 

Edited by T. H. Miunaue. New and 
revised edition. Contents: How to be- 
come a batter, by Napoleon I,ajoie, 
.Tames Collins, Hugh Jennings and Jesse 
Tannehlll; how to run the bases, by 
Jack Doyle and Frank L. Chance; advice 
to base runners, by James E. Sullivan, 
Sec.-Treas. A.A.U.; how to become a 
gcod pitcher, by Cy Young, "Rube" Wad- 
doll and Bert Cunningham; on curve 
pitching, by Cy Young. James J. Calla- 
han. Frank Donahue, Vic Willis, William 
Dineen and Charley Nichols: how to lie- 
come a good catcher, by Eddie I'lielps, 
William Sullivan and M. J. Klttridge; 
how to plav iirst base, by Hugh Jen- 
nings; how to play second base; by 
Napoleon Lajoie and William Gleason; 
how to play third base, by James Col- 
lins and Lave Cross; how to play short- 
stop, by Herman Long; how to play the 
Infield, by Charles A. Comiskey; how to 
play the outfield, by Fred Clarke; the 
earmarks of a ball player, by John .1. 
McGraw; good advice for players; how 
to organize a team; how to manage a 
team; how to score a game; how to 
umpire a game; base ball rules inter- 
preted for boys. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 207 —BOWLING ON THE GKEEN; 
OR, LAWN BOWLS. 
How to construct a green; necessary 
e(iuipment; how to play the game, iuul 
the official rules as promulgated by tlie 
Scottish Bowling Association. Kditcd 
by Mr. James W. Greig. Illustiatid. 
Price, 10 cents. 

NO. 208— PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND 
HYGIENE. 

This is the fifth of the Physical Train- 
ing serii'S, by Prof. E. B. Warman (see 
Nos. 142, 149, 16«, 185, 213, 261). A glance 
at the contents will show the variety 
of subjects: Chapter I — Basic principles; 
longevity. Chapter II — Hints on eating; 
food values; the uses of salt. Chapter 
III — Medicinal value of certain foods. 
Chapter IV — The eflicacy of sugar; sugar, 
food for muscular work; eating for 
strength and endurance; fish as brain 
food; food for the children. Chapter V 
— Digestibility; bread; appendicitis due 
to flour. Chapter VI — Hints on drink- 
ing — water, milk, buttermilk, tea, coffee; 
how to remain young. Chapter VII — 
Hints on bathing; cold, hot, warm, tepid, 
salt, sun, air, Russian, Turkish, cabinet. 
Chapter VIII — Hints on breathing; 
breathlessness, heart strain, second 
wind, yawning, the art of yogi. Price 
10 cents. 






NO. 209— HOW TO BECOME A 

SKATER. { 

Contains advice for beginners; howf ttl 
become a figure skater thoroughly H»x 
plained, with many diagrams showing 
how to do all the different tricks of tht 
best figure skaters, including the Mo- 
hawk, with all its variations; Q's, for 
ward and backward, inside and outside 
the crosscuts, including the diflicult 
.Swedish style; inside and outside spins 
the grapevine, with Its numerous branch 
es, and many other styles, which wli; 
be comparatively simple to any one whc 
follows the directions given. Profuselj, 
illustrated with pictures of prominenl; 
skaters and numerous diagrams. Price 
10 cents. 

NO. 213—285 HEALTH ANSWERS. 

Contents: Necessity for exercise in th«: 
summer; three rules for bicycling; wher 
goi'jg up-hill; sitting out on summei 
nigiits; ventilating a bedroom; ventilat 
Ing a house: how to obtain pure air 
bathing; salt water baths at home; i 
substitute for ice water; drinking let 
water; to cure insomnia; asleep in tw( 
minutes; for those who ride wheels; sum 
mer outdoor exercise; profuse perspira 
tion; danger of checking perspiration ' 
dress, hot weather, etc., etc. Compilec 
by Prof. E. B. Warman. Price 10 cent»|i 



-f^f 





NO. 214— GRADED CALISTHENICS 
AND DUMB-BELL DRILLS. 
By Albert B. Wegener, Physical Dl 
rector Y. M. C. A., Rochester, N. iX 
Ever since graded apparatus work Hai 
been used in gymnastic^, the necessitj 
of having a mass drill that would har 
nionize with it has been felt. Foi 
years it has been the established custon 
in most gymnasiums of memorizing i 
set drill, never varied from one year'i 
end to the other. Consequently the be 
ginner was given the same kind an( 
amount as the older member. With i" 
view to giving uniformity the presen' 
treatise is attempted. Price 10 cents. i| 

NO. 217— OLYMPIC HANDBOOK. }' 

Compiled by J. E. Sullivan, Chief De 
partment Physical Culture, Louislans 
Purchase Exposition, and Director Olym 
pic Games, 1904. Contains a complete 
report of the Olympic Games of 190* 
with list of records and pictures of hun , 
i dreds of athletes; also reports of thi 
games of LSOG and 1900. Price 10 cents 




ATHLETI($ 
LIBRARY/ 






0. 233— JIU JITSU. 

lA coiui'U'ic- lUsriiiiiion (if this fainims 
^)uiu'Sf system uf si-lf-detence. Kadi 
.oV»' thoroughly explained and illus- 
•ated with numerous full-page pictures 
; Messrs. A. Minaml and K. Koyaiua. 
vo of the most famous exponents of 
le art of Jlu Jltsu, who posed espe- 
ally for this book. Be sure and ask 
ir the SpaldinK Athletic Library bonk 
1 Jlu Jltsu. Trice 10 cents. 
0. 234— SCHOOL TACTICS AND 

MAZE RUNNING. 
A series of drills for the use of 
■hools. Edited by Dr. Luther Halsey 
ullck, Director of Physical Training in 
le New York public schools. I'rice 10 
■nts. 

0. 236— HOW TO WRESTLE. 
Without question the most compbte 
id up-to-date book on wrestling that 
18 ever iK'en printed. Edited by F. U. 
)ombs, and devoted principally to 
«clal poses and Illustrations by 
jorges Hackenschmldt. the '•Kiissian 
on." It shows the champion in many 
ises, and also contains a special niticle 
I "Tralnlug," In which he gives good 
Ivlce to beginners. The book also emi- 
Ins In addition many full pages of 
ses by Tom Jenkins and other famous 
restlers. Besides showing accurately 
■w to secure each hold and fall, the 
ok also contains official rules for all 
t'les of wrestling. Be sure to ask for 
e Spalding Athletic Library book "How 

Wrestle." Price 10 cents. 
). 237— ASSOCIATION FOOT BALL. 
A complete and up-to-date guide to the 
locker" game in the United .States, 
nialnlng Instructions for playing the 
ine, otticial rules, and Interesting news 
)m all parts of the country. Illus- 
ited with numerous pictures of lead- 
j teams. I'rice 10 cents. 

). 238— MUSCLE BUILDING. 
By Dr. L. H. Gulick. Director of 
lysical Training In the New York pub- 
schools. A complete treatise on the 
rrect method of acquiring muscular 
•ength. Illustrated with numerous 
U-page engravings. Price 10 cents. 

). 241— OFFICIAL HANDBOOK OF 

THE A.A.U. 
rhe A.A.D. Is the governing bodv of 
lletes in the United States of America, 
d all games must be held under Its 
les, which are exclusively published in 
Js handbook, and a copy should be in 
i bands of every athlete and every 
lb officer In America. This book con- 
.18 the official rules for running, jurap- 
f. weight throwing, hurdling, pole 
ultlng, swimming, boxing, wrestling, 
». Price lo cents. 




ATHLETIC 
-XIBRARY 







NO. 242— HOW TO PLAY FOOT BALL. 

Kdited by Walter Camp. The con- 
tents embrace everything that a beginner 
wants to know ami many points that an 
expert wMll be glad to learn. The pic- 
tures ar,> made from snapshots of leading 
teams and players in action, with com- 
ments by Walter Camp. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 245— OFFICIAL Y.M.C.A. HAND- 
BOOK. 

Edited by G. T. Hepbron, the well- 
known athletic authority. It contains 
the official rules governing all sports 
under the jurisdiction of the Y.M.C.A., 
a complete report of the physical direc- 
tors' conference, official Y.M.C.A. scor- 
ing tables, pentathlon rules, many pic- 
tures of the leading Y.M.C.A. athletes 
of the counfy, official Y.M.C.A. athletic 
rules, constitution and by-laws of the 
Athletic League of Y.M.C.A., all-around 
Indoor test, volley ball rules; Illustrated. 
Price 10 cents. 

NO. 246— ATHLETIC TRAINING FOE 
SCHOOLBOYS. 

This book Is the most complete work 
of Its kind yet attempted. The compiler 
Is Geo. W. Orton, of the University of 
Pennsylvania, a famous athlete himself 
and who is well qualified to give In- 
structions to the beginner. Each event 
in the Intercollegiate programme Is 
treated of separately, both as regards 
method of training and form. By fol- 
lowing the directions given, the young 
athlete will be sure to benefit himself 
without the danger of overworking as 
many have done through Ignorance, ren- 
dering themselves unfitted for their task 
when the day of competition arrived. 
Price 10 cents. 

NO. 248— ARCHERY. 

A new and up-to-date book on this fas- 
cinating pastime. Edited by Mr. Louis 
Maxsou of Washington, D. C, ex-Na- 
tional champion. Contains a history of 
archery from its revival as a pastime 
In the eighteenth century to the present 
time, with lift of winners and scores of 
the English Grand championships from 
1844: National Archery Association of 
the United States winners and scores; 
the several varieties of archery; instruc- 
tions for shooting; how to select imple- 
ments: how to score; and a great deal of 
Interesting information on the game. 
Illustrated Price 10 cents. (, 



ATHLETId, 
LIBRARY/- 



j(% m\j^ 



NO. 249— HOW TO BECOME A 
BOWLER. 

By S. Karpf, Secretary of the Ameri- 
can Bowling Congress, and one of the 
best posted men on bowling in America. 
Contents: History of the sport; diagrams 
of effective deliveries; how to bowl; a 
few hints to beginners; American Bowl- 
ing Congress; the national champion- 
ships; how to build an alley; how to 
score; spares — how they are made. Rules 
for cocked hat, cocked hat and feather, 
quintet, battle game, nine up and nine 
down, head pin and four back, ten pins 
— head pin out, five back, the Newport 
game, ten pin head, pin game, duckpln- 
game, head pin game. New England 
candle pin game. Illustrated with por- 
traits of all the prominent bowlers. 
Price lU cents. 

NO. 250— OFFICIAL ATHLETIC AL- 
MANAC. 
Compiled by J. E. Sullivan, Chief De- 
partment Physical Culture, Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition, and Director Olym- 
pic Games, 1904. The only annual pub- 
lication now issued that contains a com- 
plete list of amateur best-on-records; 
complete intercollegiate records; complete 
English records from 1866; swimming 
records; interscholastic records; Irish, 
Scotch and Australasian records; reports 
of leading athletic meets; skating 
records; Important athletic events and 
numerous photos of individual athletes 
and leading athletic teams. Price 10 cts. 

NO. 251 — CANADIAN FOOT BALL 
GUIDE. 

Edited by Frank D. Woodworth, Sec- 
retary-Treasurer Ontario Rugby Foot Ball 
Union. The official book of the game 
in Canada. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 252— HOW TO SPRINT. 

A complete and detailed account of 
how to train for the short distances. 
Every athlete who aspires to be a 
sprinter can study this book to advan- 
tage and gain a great deal of useful 
knowledge. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 253— OFFICIAL HANDBOOK OF 
THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS ATHLETIC 
LEAGUE. 

This is the official handbook of the 
Public Schools Athletic League, which 
embraces all the public schools of Greater 
New York. It contains the official rules 
that govern all the contests of the 
league, and constitution, by-laws and 
officers. Edited by Dr. Luther Halsey 
Gulick, superintendent of physical edu- 
cation in the New York public schools. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 




ATHLETIC 
.nLIBRARYv 










NO. 254)— BARNJUM BAR BELL.DRILI 

Edited by Dr. R, Tait MeKert'/.ie, D 
rector Physical Training, University ' 
Pennsylvania. Profusely illustrate 

Price 10 cents. 



255— HOW TO RUN 100 YARDS. 
J. W Morton, the noted Briti 
champion. Written by Mr. Morti 
during his recent American trip, in 190 
especially for boys. Mr. Morton kno\ 
how to handle his subject, and his a 
vice and directions for attaining spec 
will undoubtedly be of immense assi; 
auce to the great majority of boys w 
have to rely on printed instructlor 
Many of Mr. Morton's methods of trai 
Ing are novel to American athletes, b 
his success is the best tribute to thi 
worth. Illustrated with photographs 
Mr. Morton in action, taken especia' 
for t^js book, In New York City. Prl 
10 C€nt». 

NO. 256— OFFICIAL HANDBOOK ( 

THE ONTARIO HOCKEY ASSOC 

ATION. 

Edited by W. A. Hewitt, of Toron 

Contains the official rules of the Asso 

ation, constitution, rules of eompetiti( 

list of officers, and pictures of leadi 

players. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 258— INDOOR BASE BALL. 

America's national game is now vlei 
with other indoor games as a wini 
pastime. This book contains the pli 
ing rules, pictures of leading teams, a 
interesting articles on the game. Pr 
10 cents. 

NO. 259— WEIGHT THROWING. 

By James S. Mltchel, Champion Am 
lean weight thrower, and holder 
American, Irish, British and Canad 
championships. Probably no other n 
In the world has had the varied and 1» 
experience of James S. Mitcbel in 
weight throwing department of athlet 
The book is written In an instruct 
way. and gives valuable informati 
not only for the novice, but for the 
pert as well. It is replete with llfel 
Illustrations of Champion John Flanai 
throwing the hammer, Dennis Horg 
British and Irish champion shot puti 
and others. Price 10 cents. 






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