.;;v;;!;:-;.w»!!ii! F 158 .3 .P52 Copy 1 in i"i!'i.^ Miii,i,Ti i — inr uDcac -ini.i ..„i!iii.',-^nnn a a PHILADELPHIA THE NATION'S HISTORIC CITY AND THE WORLD'S GREATEST WORKSHOP i PHILADELPHIA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 1917 B Q □ □□I ]3 Q5P^^232^Q l^^j Q 2 B B «' PHILADELPHIA ITS LOCATION, COMMERCE INDUSTRIES, HISTORY AND POINTS OF INTEREST ISSUED BY THE PHILADELPHIA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 1917 .3 D. 0' ^* APR 12 t»M $ "Uhe Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce ITS AIMS AND PURPOSES HE Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce, with a membership approximating six thousand, is the foremost municipal commercial organization in the United States. . As a member of the Pennsylvania State Chamber of Commerce and of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, it occupies an important position in the iiidustrial and business life of the city. Its activities cover a wide range./ Its policies are formu- lated by a Board of Directors elected by the membership of the Chamber and its P^xecutive Committee, and elected officers are charged with the duty of carrying out these policies. It is a non-political and non-partisan organization, dedicated to advancing th*e feest interests of the City of Philadelphia and of t|je commercial and industrial life of "The AYorkVs GreaMi Wbrksfiop." The Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce seeks in every instance to exemplify to its membership the spirit of service. Through seven bureaus and a large number of committees, the Chamber of Commerce works tire- lessly for the civic advancement and the fulfillment of projects tending to enhance the fame and reputation of Philadelphia. Each of the seven bureaus is presided over by a Secretary, whose duties are clearly defined and whose services are at the disposal of the membership at all times. These seven bureaus are : Trajisportation. Industrial. Conventions and Exhibitions. Foreign Trade. Charities. Membership. Publicity. The bureaus are under the direction of the General Secretary of the Chamber. Each bureau is also under the advisory control of a committee of members, having charge of the subject with which the bureau deals. Numerous other committees, also formed from the mem- bership, deal with subjects not directly under the super- vision of the bureaus. The Pliiladelphia Chamber of Commerce has out- lined as a program of activities for the year 1918, the live following subjects : 1. The annexation of a number of industrial suburbs to the City of Philadelphia. 2. The establishment of a retail group of members with Credit Bureau facilities. 3. The extension of the volunteer supervision of the street cleaning operations in the city to include the entire membership of the Chamber of Commerce instead of the "jMinute Men," now working as members of the IMembers' Council. 4. The settlement of industrial differences by arbi- tration. 5. The investigation of the system of taxation to insure an equitable method both of taxation and of assessment. With a record of achievement gained in the sturdy production of the commerce and industry of Philadel- phia, tlie Chamber of Commerce looks forward to years of unparalleled activity for the benefit of the city. W Kli-ner Building Home ot the Chamber of Commerce WELCOME HILADELPHIA extends a heartfelt welcome to the strangers within her gates. The spirit of hospitality and friendship Lronght to her shores by William Penn, the founder, has been intensified through the generations, until today the city of Philadelphia, birthplace of Ameri- can independence, stands with hands extended to greet the visitor. At a time when the attention of civilization is fast- ened upon a war destined to make safe for democracy the world at large, Philadelphia, tireless in well doing for the benefit of mankind, nevertheless has both time and inclination to greet her friends and neighbors and to invite them to share with her the proceeds of her industry. Three centuries of productive co-operation, sagacity and thrift, have richly supplied the "World's Greatest Workshop" with facilities and advantages both for busi- ness and for pleasure. To the visitor, Philadelphia's greeting is "Welcome" and her parting words are "Farewell — ^Come Again." PHILADELPHIA Its Location and Industries jNIONG William Penn's instructions to his com- mission charged with selecting a site for the location of a settlement were the following in- junctions : "... let the Rivers and Creeks be sounded on my side of Delaware River, Especially Upland (renamed Chester) in order to settle a great Towne, and be sure to make your choice where it is most navigable, high, dry, and healthy, that is, where the most ships may best ride, of deepest draught of Water, if possible to Load, or unload at ye Bank or Key side ... It would do well if the River comeing into the Creek be navigable, at least for Boats up into ye country . . . Such a place being found out, for Navigation, healtliy Scitua- tion and good Soyle, for Provision, lay out ten Thousand acres contigous to it in the best manner you can as . . . the Libertyes of the said Towne." From these directions it is clear that the site of Philadelphia was not determined by chance or accident. Tlie locality chosen for the "great Towne" was 105 miles up the deep tidal estuary of the Delaware on the neck of land made by the Delaware and its first large western tributary, the Schuylkill. Here the Delaware curves westward, giving to the Philadelphia side a deep channel close to the shore, and back of the river the land rises in gentle steps -to rolling hills 400 feet in altitude in the north and west- ern parts of the city. The level but well-drained land near the river was an ideal spot for a city. The higher lands gave fine residential sections, and falling streams capable of furnishing water power for the first indus- tries. The wisdom of the early selection has been proved by the subsequent development of the city. From Philadelphia to tlie sea a 3o-foot chainiel has been made. Within the city limits, 87 miles of water frontage gives the citv unusuallv large docking facili- Ivy Walk, University of Pennsylvania ties, SO large, indeed, that only a portion of the water front has thus far been util- i z e d. This great water frontage o f- fcrs wonderful shipping fa- cilities, and gives splendid sites for indus- trial plants. For many miles below the city the western bank of the Delaware has the same advantages as within the city limits itself and gives almost unlimited opportunity for the commer- cial and industrial expansion of the Philadelphia dis- trict. Many large industrial concerns have already taken advantage of this, so that industrial Philadelphia extends for many miles to the southwest through Eddy- stone, ('hester, and Marcus Hook to Wilmington. Across the Delaware from Philadelphia the important industrial city of Camden has grown, an overflow center where cheaper lands have attracted many manufactur- ing concerns. Likewise to the north, industries are spreading along the navigable Delaware ; and Bristol, like Chester, is but a part of industrial Philadelphia. The territory surrounding Philadelphia is one of rich and varied resources. The city lies on the border- line between the Coastal Plain and the Piedmont Uplands. The Coastal Plain with its truck gardens and fruit farms, its cotton, corn and tobacco, its forests of pine, its clays and sands and phosphates, finds easy access to Philadelphia. Nortliward the Delaware is navigable to the Falls at Trenton, and the Delaware and Raritan Canal gives waterway connection across central New Jersey to New York Harbor. Southward, coastMdse steamships connect the port with the outer edge of the Coastal Plain and the Delaware and Chesa- peake Canal gives the city a short cut to Chesapeake Bay and the inland waterway connections to the South. Railroads radiate from Camden across the New Jersey portion of the Coastal Plain, and give the city not only access to the resources of the plain but also to the resort cities that fringe the coast from Long Branch to Cape May. Atlantic City, 55 miles away, is reached in one hour by express trains. The southern New Jersey coast is a playground for Philadelphians., By means of con- nections with the Philadelphia, Baltimore and AVash- ington Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad and with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the railroads of the South readily send rich resources of that section into Philadelphia. West of the city are the rolling Piedmont Uplands with their fertile limestone valleys ; their forests of hard woods, their pockets of iron ore ; their slate, cement rock, building stone and other minerals. And beyond the vallej'S are the forest-covered ridges of the Appa- lachians and, most important of all, the largest fields of anthracite coal in the world. Heading northwestward from Philadelphia, the Schuylkill River gives a natural passageway into these rich sections. First by boat, then by the Schuylkill Canal and then by the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, anthracite coal and iron ore and Commercial Museum 9 grains were brought to tide-water at Philadelphia. West of the city, a wide gap in the mountains makes a wide-open doorway into the Great Valley at Lebanon and Harrisburg. The Pennsylvania Railroad tracks now follow the old pikes that early led into this rich region. To the north, the Lehigh Valley opens a similar gateway from the anthracite coal fields to the Delaware River, a route followed today by the Lehigh Canal and by the Lehigh Valley Railroad and the Central Railroad of New Jersey, all connecting with the port of Phila- delphia. It is not surprising that with so rich a tributary country, so easily accessible, Philadelphia should have grown rapidly and assumed leadership in the nation's history, and in our own day in manufacturing industry. As an industrial center, Philadelphia holds a unique place among American cities. It is primarily a manu- facturing city. Judged by the value of its manufac- tured products. New York and Chicago surpass Phila- delphia, but both these cities are much larger than Philadelphia, much of their output is represented by the supplies necessary for large populations or by special products of high value. Philadelphia's indus- tries consist primarily of the great staple goods that go to supply a nation, supplies that are made in great fac- tories by an army of skilled and well-paid workmen, and that find their way into the homes of people every- where in our own country and throughout the world.' vin proportion to its size more people are engaged in manufacturing in Philadelphia than in any other of the five largest cities of the United States. Fifteen out of every 100 of the population are wage-earners in factor- ies. In Chicago there are 13; in New York, 11; in St. Louis, 11; in Boston, 10. Of the ten largest cities in the United States only Cleveland and Detroit have a greater percentage of their people engaged in industry. Granted a type of settlers who were skilled in industries and in the management of enterprises, as were the early English and Welsh Quakers, the Scotch-Irish, Dutch, German and Swiss settlers of Philadelphia, a manufac- turing industry once started was bound to succeed under the favoring geographical conditions the city possesses. Raw materials, foods, and fuel M^ere near at hand or could be imported cheaply from abroad. The wide 10 small. The distance of Philadelphia from the sea makes the city comparatively safe from hostile sea forces, and this, combined with the other advantages, has been a factor in making the League Island Navy Yard the most important navy ^^ard in the country. During the past year IMiiladelphia has been selected as the site for the i)lant of the Aircraft Company, a Government hydroplane factory, now being built, and the shipyard of the International Shipbuilding Corporation, which is planning to turn out 120 ships in the next 20 months. The Delaware River front has been developed to such an extent from a commercial and industrial point of view that it has been deemed advisable to absorb into the confines of the city of Philadelphia those portions of the State of Pennsylvania l.ying south of Philadelphia city line and extending to the Delaware State line. For the same reasons those portions of Bucks County immediately contiguous to the city of Philadelphia and extending northward along the shores of the Delaware River, to and including the Borough of Bristol, have been included in the plan for annexation. The Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce has placed this project at the top of this list of proposed activities for 1918 and plans are being perfected for its accom- plishment. The annexation of this territory will restore Phila- delphia to its rightful position as the second city of America and will accentuate its title as "The World's Greatest Workshop." Philadelphia leads the world as a leather manufac- turing city, chemical tanning having first been devel- oped here. Sugar refining and petroleum refining are two industries that Philadelphia's position has made possible. Heavy chemicals, paints and varnishes, furni- ture, confectionery, paper and paper goods, soap and fertilizers are some of the other varied industries in which the city ranks high. To enumerate all would be to give practically the whole list of important manu- factures in the United States. The following table will give a partial idea of the importance of some of the city's industries : 13 LEADING INDUSTRIES OF PHILADELPHIA These figures are taken from the census of 1910. Tliere lias been a great increase since that date, but the exact figures are not available. Number Percentage of Wage- Yahie of of hidusfrij Earners Product all U. S. Total of all industries.. 251,884 .t74(i.()7(i.()()0 3.5% I. Textiles: Woolen and worsted goods 19,177 $54,914,000 12.6 Hosiery and knit goo'ds 16,000 23.971,000 12.0 Carpets and rugs ... . 10,363 22,629,000 31.8 Cotton goods 9,734 22,538,000 6.8 Felt hats 5,825 10,402,000 21.7 Silk 3,056 6,502,000 3.3 Dyeing and finishing. 3,575 6,327,000 7.6 Cordage and jute and linen 1,163 3,325,000 5.4 Shoddy 393 1,845,000 24.7 AVomen's clothing . . . 13,500 30,133,000 7.8 IMen's clothing 12,212 29,001,000 5.1 Millinery and lace... 2,770 5,052,000 6.0 Oil cloth and linoleum ( ?) 5,000.000* 22.0 Men's furnishings .. . (?) 2,900,000* 3.3 Upholstering (?) 2,400,000* 20.0 //. Tron and Steel and Their Products: Foundry and machine sho]) 17,141 38.635,000 Locomotives lO.OOO 13,200,000 42.0 Tron and steel and rolling mills 4,821 11,789,000 Electrical machinery and apparatus . .'. 1.759 7,065,000 Shii)l)uilding 8,000 6,000.000* 8.1 Street cars 4,200,000 54.0 14 Railroad cars and repairs 3,669 5,318,000 Saws (?) 3,000,000 26.0 Files 1,540,000 27.0 ///. Food Products: Sugar Refining (?) 37,600,000 15.0 Slaughtering and meat packing 1,109 22,079,000 Bread and bakery . . . 4,598 19,018,000 Confectionery 2,891 7,315,000 5.4 Flour 89 2,877,000 IV. Paper and Printing: Printing and publish- ing 13,681 45,807,000 Paper and wood pulp 1,301 4,122,000 Boxes, paper 3,379 3,822,000 7.2 V. Leather: Tanning and finishing 5,972 23,526,000 7.2 Boots and shoes 3,466 6,517,000 1.3 Leather goods 1,707 3,994,000 3.8 VI. Chemical Industry: Petroleum refining .. (?) 22,500,000* 9.5 Chemicals 1,753 9,643,000 8.1 Patent medicines 2,140 9,423,000 11.2 Paint and varnish . . . 1,197 8,045,000 6.4 Soap 799 7,319,000 6.6 Fertiliz ers 764 4,268,000 4.0 * Estimate. The following table shows the growth of Philadel- phia's manufacturing industries since 1850 : Number of Value Employees Capital of Product 1850 59,099 $33,739,911 $64,784,212 1860 107,931 81,608,502 152,355,318 1870 127,394 181,076,919 338,168,466 1880 173,862 170,495,191 304,591,725 1890 260,264 375,249,715 577,234,446 1900 214,775 445,725,000 519,981,812 1910 251,884 691,397,000 746,075,659 No available data is at hand for the years since 1910, but it is estimated that in 1917 the number of employees had increased to approximately 300,000 and the value of products to a point in excess of $1,000,000. 15 HISTORICAL SKETCH ■^ TLLIAM PENN, soon after lie had received a land grant from King Charles II, planned a "great Towne" for his province, and chose the name of Philadelphia for it. Pnrchases of large tracts of land were to receive a small proportion of their pnrchase in town lots, and the remainder in conntry lands. Penn's instrnctions to his agents directed that the streets be laid out in a uniform way, and that the houses be built as much as possible upon a line. Following these instructions, Penn's surveyor devised a town plot of checker-board pattern with the streets running at right angles to one another. No pro- vision was made for diagonal streets, now so necessary for rapid transit. The town plot extended along the Delaware for about a mile, from the present Vine Street to South Street ; and ran across the peninsula a distance of two miles to the Schuylkill. It contained, therefore, nearly thirteen hundred acres, and was not enlarged from 1682 until the year 1854. The streets were laid out on a grand scale for that day, with a width of fifty feet, a figure wiiich unfortunately was not frequently changed in extending streets until recent years. To avoid any "man-worship" the streets running north and south were numbered, while those running east and west were named for the trees of the forest. Broad Street and High (IMarket) Street were given greater width than the other streets. Four "squares" or parks were laid out in regular positions in the city plot. The growth of the city from the first was remark- able. Penn was one of the most skillful real estate promoters that America has ever seen. His circulars in English and German were widely distributed through the communities which knew him so well on account of his religious activities. INIembers of the Society of Friends as Avell as of other religious denominations eagei'ly ])ur('hasefl land and settled in a province where I'eligious and political freedom were guaranteed. By i6 the close of 1685, ninety ships had arrived, bringing seventy-two hundred persons. This was the greatest trans-Atlantic migration which had taken place up to that time ; and was not equalled until the extensive migration of the Scotch-Irish and German Palatines to WILLIAM PENN From the original portrait, painted in Ireland in 1666, aged 22, owned by the Historical Society of Pennsylvania Courtesy of the J. B. Lippincolt Company Pennsylvania in the eighteenth century. J^y 1700 the city had seven hundred houses; and by 1750 over two thousand. In the eighteenth century, Philadelphia became the leading city on the continent. This success was due 17 to several causes. First, religious toleratiou was prac- ticed in Pennsj'lvauia on a broad scale; secondly, the cordial welcome of foreigners led many thousands to migrate to the colony from the Rhine regions of Ger- many; third, the great natural resources and diversi- fied agriculture furnished material for commerce ; and last, the mingling of sects and races developed an intel- lectual type more liberal than the New Englander or the Southerner of that times. This liberality and originality is well shown in the list of "Philadelphia firsts"' given elsewhere in this pamphlet. Philadelphia in the eighteenth century lit- erally swarmed with organizations for economic, intel- lectual and social welfare. The first fire company and the first fire insurance company were organized; edu- cational and scientific bodies were created, such as the College (later the University), the Library Company, the American Philosophical Society, and the first medi- cal school. The welfare of the poor was promoted b.y the Pennsylvania Hospital, and the Quaker Alms- house and Bettering House, where separate provision was first made for the care of the insane. In nearly all of these associations Benjamin Franklin played an important part, either as originator or as supporter. Particularly in scientific research, with Franklin, Rit- tenhouse, Godfrey, Bartram and others, did Philadel- phia stand pre-eminent. Both in the political and in the military events of the Revolution, Philadelphia occupied a prominent place. A tea meeting in Philadelphia passed resolutions of protest which were later adopted as a basis for pro- test and action in Boston. A Philadelphian, John Dick- inson, wrote those "Letters of a Farmer" which passed through more editions and had a larger circulation than any publication in the colonies up to that time. In Carpenter's Hall the First Continental Congress met to adopt measures to encourage IMassachusetts, and to threaten the English merchants with non-importation and non-exportation agreements. In the State House, the Second Continental Congress opened its session ; there Washington accepted command of the Continental forces; there the Declaration of Independence was debated and adopted ; there Congress received the i8 French Minister, the first foreign representative in this country; there the Articles of Confederation were framed, and after mnch delay put into operation; there Cou«'ress and its committees or<>'anized the foreign rela- tions, the finance, and the nulitar.v and naval measures of the war. In Philadelphia, Congress borrowed its first loan, £6,000, as well as printed its first issue of paper money. A Philadelphian, Robert Morris, was Superintendent of the Finances in the Revolution. Important military operations of the Revolution took place in this vicinity. The first British advance to Philadelphia, the capital city, was stopped at the Delaware, and later, at the close of 1776, AVashington won his brilliant success at Trenton. The following year the British marched upon the city from the Chesa- peake Bay, defeated Washington at Chadd's Ford, and after some maneuvering entered Philadelphia. A few weeks later, Washington attacked the British forces in Germantown, hoping by tactics similar to those which had succeeded at Trenton, to capture a portion of the British forces. A combination of unfortunate circum- stances prevented his success in this attack. For the winter of 1777-1778, Washington retired to an entrenched position at Valley Forge, where his depleted army passed the darkest hours of the war. The visitor to Philadelphia can live over again these trying days of the Revolution. At Valley Forge he can inspect Washington's headquarters, see the re- doubts, a n d walk for miles alonii' the lines of entrench- ments whicli are still visible. f the m a n y n n e monu- Washington's Headquarters, Valley Forge Now part of State Park 19 /?' n'' ■^* .inttfl ^eL'i^Hv- Wk ^ 1_^ , ^^^B jflBj^H ■Hfi^ - ^tmm 3^^^ ■n Im ul 1 m H ^^mf^m • ,^«^!S^ Girard CoUe Post Office ments tlie National Arch erected by order of Congress, and the beautiful Memorial Chapel with its interesting museum, deserve especial notice. At Chadd's Ford he can tramp or ride over the battle-field, he can still see the octagonal schoolhouse and the Birmingham Friends' ]\Ieeting-House, where the injured were cared for after the battle, and even enter the houses occupied by AVash- ington and Lafayette and Lord ITowe during the battle at the ford. In Germantown he will find still pre- served, more eighteenth century houses than in any other town in the country. He can see in its original condition Chief Justice Chew's house, "Cliveden," whicli the British occupied during the battle. And along the Delaware, besides the interesting sites in Trenton and Princeton, he may visit the location of the forts built below Philadelphia to protect the city from a naval attack. Within a radius of tliirty miles from tlie city there are preserved buildings, museums and collections of more value in Revolutionary history than in any dis- trict of similar size in the entire country. After the Revolution, IMiiladelpliia was cluisen as the place of meeting of the Constitutional Con- vention, and during the sinnmer of 1787, that nnsur])assed body of men completed tlieir draft of the document which Gladstone characterized as "the most wonderful work ever struck off at a given time by the brain and purpose of man." i Academy ot the Fine Arts Union League Manufacturers Club From IT'JO to 1800, Philadelphia was again the capi- tal of the country. Here, in Congress Hall, now so admirably restored, the work of the Congress was car- ried on. Here the Supreme Court, under the great Judiciary Act of 1789, began its remarkable career. Here the United States ]\Iint was organized in the first building ever owned by the National Government. Here th First United States Bank opened its doors for busi- ness and soon erected that imposing structure in Cor- inthian style, which is now occupied by the Girard National Bank. It is well to note the prominent place which Phila- delphia has occupied in national finance. In the colon- ial period Pennsylvania had a system of loans to farmers, somewhat like that provided in the most recent Farm Loan Act. In the Revolution, Robert IMorris managed the finances of the young confederation. He organized the first bank in this country, the Pennsyl- vania Bank, in 1780 ; and the first bank chartered by Congress, the Bank of North America, which is still in existence and is the only -" bank in the present national system not re- quired to use the name "national" in its title. The First Bank of tlie United States (1791- 1811) had its principal place of business in Philadelphia ; as also the Christ Church Second Bank of the Building of the First Bank of the United States (Now occupied by Girard National Bank> . United States (1817-1836). Philadelphia bankers like Girard and Parrish had a larg-e share in tinancing- the War of 1812. A Philadelphia firm of bankers, E. W. Clark & Co., took praetieallv all the bonds issued in the Mexican AVar. The first bank to be organized under the new system of 1863 was the First National Bank in Philadelphia. Jay Cooke, a Philadelphian, by a s.ys- tem of local agents and liberal advertising, brought to a success the difficult financing of the Civil War, sell- ing the great 5.20 and 7.30 loans, amounting to hun- dreds of millions of dollars. And today one of the twelve Federal Reserve Banks is located in Philadel- })hia. and the resources of Pliiladel]ihia banking insti- tutions stand second only to New York. Up to 1854 the city of Philadelphia contained only two square miles, l)ut to the north and south of tlie old cit.y grew up populous connnunities called incorporated districts. These districts continued the same street lines, the same methods of lighting and sewerage as those of the city. In reality the city population spread over a large part of the Comity of Philadelphia. In 1854 the Legislature of the State made the limits of the city co-terminoiis with those of the county, thus at one time increasing the area from two to one Inmdred and twenty-nine square miles. Since 1854 the functions of the count}^ and city have been closely associated, but not entirely amalgamated. The Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce is working to secure the annexation of parts of Delaware and Bucks Counties to Philadelphia. This, when accomplished, will restore the city to its position of the second city of the United States in both territory and population. FIGURES OF PRESENT-DAY PHILADELPHIA (According to the latest estimates avilable.) Population 1,750,000 Number of buildings 410,000 Number of dwelling-houses 380,000 Number of churches 900 Number of public school pupils 224,892 Number of elementary school buildings .... 350 Number of high schools 11 JMiles of street railway 625 Area of parks and public squares 6,500 acres PHILADELPHIA IN THE NATION'S HISTORY 1688 First protest against human slavery (German- town). 1752 First fire insurance company in America (the Hand in Hand). 1773 Philadelphia "Tea Party." 1774 Continental Congress. 1774 Articles of Confederation. 1776 Proclamation of the Declaration of Independence. 1780 Robert jMorris and financing of the Revolution. 1780 First public bank in the United States — the Pennsylvania Bank. 1781 First bank chartered by Congress — the Bank of North America. 1784 Second fire insurance company in America (the Green Tree). 1787 Constitutional Convention and the Constitution. 1790 First Abolition Society. 1791 First Supreme Court of the United States. 23 PHILADELPHIA'S C|! THE UNITED STATES MINT 24 IPr 4ERCIAL CENTER COLLEGE HALL, UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 25 < >> ui -o U ^ Z tu) UJ -5 Q « z « UJ S Pi f UJ u Q = t=i ») Z -o — c UJ jc 2: .2 UJ 2 Uj jC Si 1791-1811 First Bank of tlie United States (Third Street below Chestnut). 1702 First United States Mint (east side of Seventh Street, below Arch). 17!)7 First U. S. frigate, "The United States," built by Joshua Humphreys. 1800 First U. S. Arsenal, Gray's Ferry Road. 1800 First U. S. Navy Yard, Front and Federal Streets. 1812 Stephen Girard and the finances of the War of 1812. 1817 Second Bank of the United States, present Cus- tom House, Chestnut Street between Fourth and Fifth Streets. 1838 First U. S. Naval Academy. 1846 E. W. Clark and financing of the Mexican War. 1862 First armored battleship, "New Ironsides," built by AVilliam (ramp & Son.s. 1862 Jay Cooke and financing of the Civil AA^ar. 1863 First bank chartered in the United States under the National Bank Act. 1864 International Tribunal proposed to judge the Alabama claims, Thomas Balch. 1876 First International Exhil)ition in America, the Centennial. 1914 Organization of the Federal Reserve Bank — Dis- trict No. 3. CONTRIBUTIONS TO PROGRESS IN INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE 1682 First pleasure grounds for the people, laid out V in America, were dedicated in Philadelphia. "^ 1684 First iron works, Frankford. 1684 First pottery. Front and Prime Streets. ^ 1684 First glass works, Frankford. 1690 First ])aper mill, AVilliam Rittenhouse, on AYissa- hickon Creek. 1710 Beginning of Philadelphia's claim to supremacy in shipbuilding. 1712 First ocean-going merchantman launched in America. 27 uilt upon the site of an earlier block-house, which was occasionally used for religious services. 42 t/ ITINERARY OF GERMANTOWN ( For Greater Details see Charles F. Jenkins' "Guide Book to Historic Germantown" ) HILADELPIIIA is particulai'ly fortniiate in )i()ssessin«i' ill tlie Gennaiitown area a large number of well-preserved dwellings and build- ings of the colonial and revolutionary periods. The start should be made on Germantown Avenue at Wayne Junction, which can be reached by street cars on Seventh and Eleventh Streets, and by fre(iuent trains from the Reading Termi- nal. Stenton, 1727-84, should be visited. Guide posts south of the railroad bridge point the way. James Logan, the owner, was William Penn's faithful secre- tary and representative in the province. The Pennsyl- vania Society of Colonial Dames have now furnished the building in appropriate style. Coming back to Germantown Avenue .proceed north- ward to Lower or Hood's Burying Ground, Fisher's Lane. The British officers, General Agnew and Colonel Bird, were buried here after the battle ; but their bodies were subsequently removed. Commodore Barron House, 5106. Barron was in command of the Chesapeake when she surrendered in 1807 to the Leopard. Commodore Decatur was killed in a duel with Barron. Kunder's House, 5109. On this site in 1688 was framed the first protest against slavery. Gilbert Sti^vrt House, 5140. Owned by AVilliam Shippen and then by Gilbert Stuart, who painted his celebrated portrait of AYashington here. AVistar's House, 5261. Built in 1744. Headquar- ters of British General Agnew at time of battle. The Washington House, 5442. General Howe's head((uarters after the battle of Germantown. Occupied by Washington during the yellow fever epidemic of 1793. 43 SCENES IN FAIRMOUNT PARK: Market Square. A market house and a pr-ison were erected on this site in 1741. Germantown Academy, School House Lane, west of Germantown Avenue. Organized in 1760. Used as British Hospital after Battle of Germantown. Occu- pied b.v Banks of North America and Pennsylvania dur- ing- 1793. Vernon, north of Chelton Avenue. Built in 1803 ; named after tlie birthplace of Washington. Now the Museum of the Site and Relic Society of Germantown. Open to the public without charge. Green Tree Tavern, 6019. Built by Daniel Pas- torius in 1748. "Wyck," 6026. Built before 1700. Used by British as Hospital after the battle. Lafayette once held a reception there. Old Mennonite Church, north of Herman Street. Built in 1770. In front of church British General Agnew was shot by a man concealed behind the church. Johnson Houses, 6306 and 6316. Heavy fighting of the battle took place around here. Concord School House, above Washington Lane. Erected in 1775. Charter Oak Library. Organized in 1856. Upper Bttrying Ground, above Concord School House. Land granted for burying purposes in 1724. Wall built by popular subscription of "money, labor and stone." Chew House, above Johnson Street. The most severe part of the fighting of the battle took place here. Upsal House, opposite Chew House. Built in 1798. Old Dunker Parsonage and Church, 6611 and adjoining. The present church was built in 1770. Alex- ander Mack was the first preacher of the sect; Christo- pher Sauer, the celebrated German printer of German- town, also preached here. Old Lutheran Parsonage, 6669. Bayard House, 6749. Built immediately after the Revolution. The newly dug cellar was used by the Americans during the battle. Paul House, 6843. Suffered from the fire of the battle. 45 VALLEY FORGE A FEW AUTOMOBILE TOURS AROUND PHILADELPHIA 'Philadelphia to Chestnut Hill through Fairmount 'Park From Bellevue-Stratford north on Broad Street round City Hall to North Broad Street (iMasonic Temple on right hand). Up Broad Street to Arch Street, turn left on Arch to Sixteenth Street, our ijew Park 'Boule- vard, to Seventeenth Street. Turn riglit and north on Seventeenth Street to Race Street. Turn left and west on Race Street to Logan Square, round the square to its northwest corner, and out the Park Boulevard to Fairmount Park. ( ^lonument of Washington at en- trance of park. Gift of Pennsylvania Society of the Cincinnati.) Fairmount Park is divided into two parts by the Schuylkill River. The Centennial Exhibition was held in the West Park. Continue up East River Drive. Turn right. Con- tinue on up Wissahickon Drive and Lincoln Drive to McCallum Street (sign). Turn right on Willow Grove Avenue across railroad. Left on Seminole Street. Turn right at railroad tracks to Germantown Avenue, Chestnut Hill. ^Philadelphia to Valley Forge Philadelphia (Pa.). (Broad and Walnut Streets.) Run west on Walnut Street to dead end at Sixty-third Street, turn right on Sixty-third Street to intersection of Lancaster Avenue, end of trolleys ; turn left on Lan- caster Avenue and follow to Ardmore. At Lancaster Avenue Bank and Post- office on corner on right, turn right, pass under railroad and turn left, parallel to railroad. Keep straight on through Haverford. (^lerion Cricket Club.) And keeping to the broader macadam through Brijn Maw)\ and Boscmont, crossing the Spring ^lill Road near 47 Villanova, and on direct through The Gulph. After passing- under overhanging rock, bear right, then run 300 yards and bend left crossing stream or stone bridge. At fork, just beyond, bear left and about one mile beyond bridge, at fork, bear left again direct to King of Fritssm. Keep straight on through to Port Kennedy. At the country store in middle of village, turn left, up steep hill and keep on direct to Valley Forge Park. At broad macadam cross-road on hill in the park, turn right down the hill toward the river, soon bending left and again left at railroad to Washington's Headquarters. 48 ]anncEi]E3pnDDQi3L_ ,.. ^ laanrziMPnDBDDnDajliiJDQn inGnoappnDsnnDDBnoQDio | HDDDDc zjcEBDmnanBDna □i Dl DDnnc epybAiiinnil jaanc onQD[3ama[ JO^Gar IGG^sia IGGGOQ DGDai HDGG EGDG . □RcaiiiiLjnzicizi DLJpat DQannnunannac: aDnDDQnnncG'jn JDDDDDQDnnDDDL DiDDDDgnnnoDt MaDDGQDnnnnDil Dl wimmDDn\ 'i7/]flD0DDDnnGGGt[G ?2r/flDgpngnnGjG][G jnnGZian QDi ^Of. .-rii'* IV R LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 014 313 409 Pi