% 7 S wo.- POPULAR HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION V WITH EXPLANATIONS OF THE Monumental Hestons. LONDON: Printed by Nichols, Son, and Bentley, Red Lion Passage, Fleet Street: AND SOLD BY F. C. AND J. RIVINGTON, AND J. HARRIS; st. Paul’s church yard; JARVIS AND WETTON, PATERNOSTER ROW. 1818. ♦ * THE Lift***? or c ofry *m WAIHIKOHI \ r / TO THE RIGHT REVEREND THE DEAN, AND THE REVEREND THE CHAPTER OF THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH ST. PAUL, LONDON, THIS LITTLE WORK IS MOST RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED. EXPLANATION Of the References in the Ground Plan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Statue of John Howard. -— Dr. Johnson. -Sir William Jones. -Sir Joshua Reynolds. Monument to Capt. Burgess. --- Captain Faulknor. --Major General Dundas. -Captain Westcott. -Captains Moss and Riou. -Lord Rodney. -Earl Howe. -Sir Ralph Abercromby. -Sir John Moore. -Lord Collingwood. -Marquis Cornwallis. -Lord Nelson. For the Descriptions of the Monuments, the Editor is in¬ debted to the liberal communications of the respective Artists. Crosby Square, Nov. 10, 1818. EAST Gal/fry NORTH TRANSEPT West Torch |®| fi|®l ® ©| 1©]©| [«|ii © i© — ~— -- - ■ --- WEST S OTJTH HISTORY OF t -patirs Catijehral ♦ rp< JL HIS elegant structure, built in the purest style of Grecian architecture*, stands upon an eminence to the North of the River Thames, on the same spot where in majestic pomp stood the ancient Gothic Cathedral, so beautifully described by Dugdale and Hollar, which shared the fate of the metropolis in the memorable conflagration of lbflb. The Christian Religion was very early propa¬ gated in Britain, and there are good grounds for supposing that it was first preached in our Island by the Apostle of the Gentiles to w ? hom this Ca¬ thedral is dedicated. It certainly flourished under * St. Paul’s is the only English Cathedral in this 6tyle. All the other great ecclesiastical edifices in the kingdom are of Saxon or Norman architecture. B 2 the British Monarchs; and in the second century of the Christian aera, London was an archiepisco- pal see. The first Cathedral, built on the site of the Roman Praetorian camp, was demolished during the Dioclesian persecution in the third century, and rebuilt upon the old foundations, as Sir Christopher Wren conceived, under Constantine the Great. The religion and government of the British In¬ habitants were afterwards subverted by the Anglo- Saxons; but these Idolaters having been illumi¬ nated by the light of the gospel, the Christian altars were restored, and, according to the generally received opinion, Sebert, the tributary King of the East-Saxons, converted the temple of Diana into a Cathedral Church in the early part of the 7th century, and gave to the Bishop ecclesias¬ tical jurisdiction over the whole of his Vice¬ royalty, which was co-extensive with the present diocess of London. Ethelbert, his superior Mo¬ narch, endowed the Bishop and Monastery with the manor of Tillingham in Essex, which is still retained by their successors. But so little progress was made in the conver¬ sion of the citizens, that, on the death of Sebert, they expelled their Bishop Mellitus, and returned eagerly to their idolatrous worship. After the 3 lapse of 50 years Bishop Erkonwaid obtained the Pope’ s confirmation of Privileges to his Cathedral, and his liberal benefactions have enrolled his name in the kalendar of English Saints. During the distractions of the Heptarchy, and the subsequent ravages of the Danes, London held a subordinate rank, and is scarcely men¬ tioned in history. It was consumed by fire in the 9th century, and having been rebuilt by Alfred the Great, was placed by him under the govern¬ ment of his daughter the celebrated Ethelfleda, as a part of the Vice-royalty of Mercia. Edward, the succeeding Monarch, took the rising city un¬ der his own immediate jurisdiction ; but it is to Athelstan, the illustrious grandson of King Al¬ fred, that the metropolis of the British Empire is principally indebted for her maritime and com¬ mercial greatness. Athelstan may be regarded as the restorer, if not the founder of the Ca¬ thedral, and to him the members of this royal es¬ tablishment are indebted as their most munifi¬ cent benefactor. The celebrated Dunstan pre¬ sided over this Cathedral during the glorious reign of Edgar, and obtained new possessions with ample privileges from his royal friend and master, Canute the Great distinguished himself as patron of the clergy, and shewed especial favour ' b 2 1 4 to St.Paul’s, where he endowed the office of Dean. The palace of this Monarch was situated on the banks of the Thames, and occupied the south¬ west angle of the ancient City. This demesne was afterwards called Castle Bavnard Ward, from the Norman proprietor of the estate, an appella¬ tion which it still retains. St. Paul’s Cathedral partook also in the pious liberality of Edward the Confessor; but his own foundation, the Monastery of St. Peter, now Westminster Abbey, diverted much of the Royal patronage from the ancient church of the me¬ tropolis. A. D. 1088, the City was again laid in ruins by fire, and a structure on a scale of great magni¬ ficence was begun under the celebrated Bishops Mauricius and Richard de Belmeis, who prose¬ cuted the work with so much ardour, that we are informed they dedicated the whole of their epis¬ copal revenues to its completion. To the latter Prelate Henry I. granted the materials of the neighbouring palace or royal Castle* before men- * This Castle or Tower was probably built by Athelstan or Edgar, and the charter of Henry I. ascertains its situation to the south of the Cathedral. Dugdale has in one instance erroneously confounded this ruined mansion with the Palatine Tower near the River Fleet; and in another place with the Bell Tower near Cheapside. History of St. Paul's, Ed. Ellis, pp. 4, 6, tioned, for the reconstruction of the church, and gave the ditch on the north side of the Castle for the enlargement of the church-yard. Besides these endowments from Royal bount}^, numerous private benefactors made liberal donations “ to God and the Church of St. Paul’ 1 for the health of their souls; and thus connecting piety to their Creator with the relief of their fellow creatures, purchased the prayers of the Church by munifi¬ cent alms to the poor. The number of persons maintained out of these revenues was very considerable. The Cathe¬ drals and Monasteries were much the same in their origin, and bore a great resemblance to the universities of the present day: those especially under the Benedictine rule. They were, in many instances, and as we may charitably hope, in most instances, the abode of earnest though mis¬ taken piety, the nursery of learning, the seat of chearful hospitality; and their inmates were among the least ignorant, and the least vicious, of a dark and profligate age. The original foundation of St. Paul’s in its Mo¬ nastic state, was for a Bishop, 30 Canons or Pre- bendaries* 12 Minor Canons, and 30 Vicars. These, who were all of the clerical order, shared among themselves the various ministerial duties incumbent on them : the celebration of religious 6 offices, the attendance on the sick, the instruction of youth, the transcription of books, the manage¬ ment of their revenues, and the distribution of alms. Added to these were the children of the choir, the young clerks educating for the ministry, and numerous lay officers and servants. The whole jurisdiction belonged at first to the Bishop ; but he having extensive duties to per¬ form, in the superintendance of all the religious foundations within his diocess, the office of Dean was established, to be the head of the choir, and to regulate all their internal affairs; in whose hands the chief government of the Cathedral has ever since continued. The Precentor or Chantor ranks next in dig¬ nity to the Dean. It is his duty to superintend the singing men and choristers, and to direct and regulate the performance of the choral service. The Chancellor of the Cathedral is required to read lectures in divinity, to appoint a Grammar Master for the choristers, and to act as Secretary to the Chapter. The dignity still subsists, though the duties attached to it are said to be obsolete. The Major Canons, or Prebendaries, have not varied from their original number. They were of the Benedictine order, and during some centuries appear to have led a regular monastic life; they were perpetually resident in the church or close. and were called Canons regular. But afterwards, having lands allotted to them out of the church estates, the major part absented themselves from the Cathedral, and were excluded from any por¬ tion of the general revenues, which were shared among those who continued to perform their mi¬ nisterial duties. The number of resident Canons was for some time indefinite ; but since the Re¬ storation it has been limited to four (including the Dean), who take their monthly turns of residence and preaching. The Canons Residentiary, who at the present timecompose the Chapter of the Cathedral, are The Right Rev. George Lord Bishop of Lincoln, Dean of St. Paul’s ; Samuel Ryder Weston, D. D. Thomas Hughes, D. D. and The Hon. Gerald Valerian Wellesley, D. D. From the remaining 2 6 Prebendaries no other ecclesiastical duty is expected than to read the service on their induction, and to preach a sermon annually ; the latter duty may be performed by deputy. The twelve Minor Canons are co-eval with the original foundation, of which they form a part. They were incorporated under the title of the Warden and College of Minor Canons, by Richard II. who endowed them with lands. 8 distinct from those granted for the general ex¬ penses of the Cathedral by the Saxon Monarchs. The rectory of St. Gregory, near St. Paul’s, was appropriated to them by Henry VI. On a vacancy in the College, they enjoy the privilege of nominating two candidates, one of whom the Dean and Chapter are required to select. A good voice, a competent knowledge of music, and an irreproachable life, are indispen¬ sable qualifications. The Vicars choral are now laymen, and are reduced to six. One Vicar Choral’s place is ap¬ propriated to the Organist, and another has lately been held by the Almoner for the time being. The office of Almoner is of high antiquity. The property at his disposal was formerly of great value, and his duties were complicated and laborious ; but since the reign of Henry VIII. when the antient endowments belonging to the church and the poor were squandered with equal rapacity, the revenues of the Almonry have been barely sufficient to maintain the eight choristers of the Cathedral. The children have lost many valuable privileges, though the deficiency has been supplied, to a considerable extent, by the liberality of the Dean and Chapter. The original building contained also numerous Chapels and Altars, where masses for the dead 9 were celebrated day and night by Chantry Priests, who were an order of Clergy quite distinct from the Chapter and the Choir. These and other superstitious observances were abolished at the Reformation. The reigns of Henry VIII. and his immediate successors, were distinguished by an unfeeling neglect, or a wanton destruction of Religious edi¬ fices, and the venerable Cathedral of the metro¬ polis fell rapidly to decay. It was completely desecrated by the sacrilegious frenzy of the 17th century, and was scarcely hallowed for the per¬ formance of Divine service, on the Restoration of Charles II. when the fatal catastrophe occurred which closes the history of the ancient fabrick. In the evening of Sunday Sept. 2, a fire broke out near to the spot commemorated by the Monument, and swept away with resistless fury the wooden houses and narrow streets of the metropolis. It reached St. Paul’s Church Yard on the following afternoon. The sacred pile stood for a time uninjured by the surrounding flames, but the adjoining houses having caught fire, it communicated to the roof of the Cathedral, and \ in a few hours ail that was combustible was de¬ stroyed. The walls and towers remained in awful gran¬ deur, inclosing more than three acres and a half ✓ 10 of land ; and the antiquary who considers the extreme difficulty attending the demolition of the sacred edifice, cannot avoid regretting that those foundations which were uninjured by the lapse of a thousand years did not serve as a basement for the new building. These feelings, however, will not be participated by the stranger, who visits the noble monument of national taste and splendour erected on the same spot. The Commissioners appointed to superintend this magnificent undertaking, in order to meet the general expectations of the public, gave direc¬ tions to Sir Christopher Wren that he should “ frame a design handsome and noble, suitable to all the ends of it, and to the reputation of the City and the Nation ; and to take it for granted that money would be had to accomplish it.” Nor were these hopes disappointed by the country. The first stone of this protestant Cathe¬ dral was laid June 21, 1^75? in the reign of King Charles II. when Dr. Henry Compton was Bishop of London, and Dr. William Sancroft Dean of St. Paul’s ; and the liberal contributions of the public, added to a small tax on coals, enabled the architect to complete his great work in 1715. In compliance with the general feeling of the Christian world, the Cathedral is built in the form of a cross, and is divided by two rows of v 11 pillars into a nave and side ailes, according to the established mode of Ecclesiastical architecture. The extreme length is 500 feet, the breadth from north to south through the transepts 2S5 feet. The ground plot exceeds two acres. ‘ It stands in a considerable area in the wards of Castle Baynard and Farringdon, and in the parishes of St. Gregory and St. Faith. The Ce¬ metery is enclosed by an iron balustrade of singu¬ lar magnificence, cast at the forge of Lamberhurst in Kent, at an expence of more than ^11,000. The palisades are in number about 2,500, each 5 feet 6 inches in height. In the west Church¬ yard is a statue of Queen Anne, in whose reign the Church was completed. The figures on the base of the Pedestal are allegorical of her domi¬ nion over Great Britain and Ireland, France and America. Between England and France is a guideron shield with the Royal arms. This ad¬ mirable group was the performance of Francis Bird. ^ The west front of the Cathedral towards Lud- gate-street is extremely noble. The elevated por¬ tico leading to the grand entrance consists of 12 Corinthian Columns, with an upper portico of eight columns in the Composite order, supporting a triangular pediment. The entablature repre¬ sents the History of St. Paul’s Conversion by 12 Francis Bird. On the apex of the pediment is placed a statue of the Holy Apostle to whom the Church is dedicated ; on his right hand towards the north St. Peter is distinguished by a cock ; St. James in the habit of a pilgrim is placed on St. Paul’s left hand. These figures are 11 feet in At the north west and south west angles of the Cathedral, two campanile turrets are erected of light and elegant architecture, each terminating in a dome head, ornamented with a gilt pine apple. The south tower contains the clock, the north tower the belfry. On the west front of these turrets the four Evangelists with their dis¬ tinguishing symbols are represented in a recum¬ bent posture. A semicircular portico leads to the great north door, or entrance to the transept, over which is an entablature containing the Royal arms sup¬ ported by angelsThe south front of the Ca¬ thedral corresponds with the north, excepting the entablature, which represents a Phoenix rising from the flames, the performance of Gabriel * At the north door of the Cathedral, attendants are in con¬ stant waiting to admit persons desirous of seeing the Church m the interval between the hours of service. For this accom¬ modation a small gratuity is expected. 13 Cibber; underneath is the expressive word Re* surgam*. The east end of the Church is semicircular, in a plainer style of architecture than the rest of the building. The cypher W. R. within a compart¬ ment of palm branches, surmounted by an impe¬ rial crown, commemorates the then reigning sove¬ reign William til. Four massy piers of stone-work, each about 40 feet square, form the principal support of the stupendous dome, which rises in beautiful and majestic proportion where the great lines of the cross intersect each other. The dome is termi¬ nated by a lantern and globe, and on the summit of the whole is placed the sacred emblem of the Christian Faith. Entering the Church by either of the west doors, marked in the ground plan A. B. B. the basement of the turret C. on the right hand con¬ tains the geometrical stair case, that on the left hand D. the belfry. Beyond them, in the ailes f A very curious anecdote is related upon this subject. When Sir Christopher Wren had marked out the dimensions of the great dome, and fixed upon the centre, a labourer was ordered to bring a flat stone from the heaps of rubbish, to be laid for a direction to the workmen. It happened to be a piece of a grave-stone, with nothing remaining of the inscrip¬ tion but the single word Hesurgam. 14 of the nave, the consistory court E. and the morn¬ ing Chapel F. are divided from the body of the Church by an open screen of wainscot richly ornamented. In the first mentioned the Bishop of the Diocess holds his visitation ; and in the latter divine service is performed every morning (Sundays excepted) at six in the Summer and seven in the Winter. A large marble font occupies the second inter- columniation of the south aile; but the initiatorv sacrament of baptism is rarely if ever adminis¬ tered in the metropolitan Cathedral. Within the great north west pier is the Lord Mayors vestry H.; the Dean’s vestry is within the south east pier L; and that appropriated to the Minor Canons, in the corresponding pier to the north east K. Within the south west pier G. is a circular staircase, which leads by an easy ascent to the iron gallery at the base of the cupola. This is called the Whispering Gallery, from an extra¬ ordinary reverberation of sound, too generally known to need repetition. From this situation the view of the Church, the cupola, and the lantern is strikingly sublime; and here the paintings by Sir James Thornhill on the compartments of the dome are seen to the greatest advantage. These designs are illustrative of the most remarkable 15 events which are recorded in the Life of St. Paul*. His miraculous conversion near Damascus, as related in Acts, chap. ix. St. Paul preaching be¬ fore Sergius Paulus, with the Divine judgement upon Ely mas, Acts, chap. xiii. The sacrifice at Lystra, chap. xiv. The conversion of the Gaoler at Philippi, chap. xvi. St. Paul preaching to the Athenians, chap. xvii. The Ephesians burning their Magical Books, chap.xix. St.Paul’s defence before Agrippa, chap. xxiv. His shipwreck at Melita, chap, xxvii. The same staircase communicates with the galleries over the north and south ailes, leading to the Library and Model room. Every ancient Re¬ ligious establishment had a Scriptorium and Li¬ brary, and in this Cathedral the custody of their books was confided to the Chancellor. But one important branch of monastic employment, the * The following anecdote is related in the Gentleman’s Magazine, vol. LXXXVI. p. 302. “ When Sir James Thornhill was painting the Cupola of St. Paul’s Cathedral, a gentleman of his acquaintance was one day with him on the scaffolding, which, though wide, was not railed : he had just finished the head of one of the Apostles, and running back, as is usual with painters, to observe the effect, had almost reached the extremity; the gentleman see¬ ing his danger, and not having time for words, snatched up a jarge brush and smeared the face. Sir James ran hastily for¬ ward, crying out ‘ Bless my soul, what have you done ?’ ‘ I have saved your life,’ replied his friend,” 16 * transcription of books, was rendered useless by the invention of printing; and the spoliations of the ifith century made the office of Librarian merely nominal. A new Library was founded by Bishop Compton and furnished with a handsome collec¬ tion of books, to which Dr. Mangey, a late canon residentiary, added considerably. It contains a few ancient MSS. probably the wreck of the old monastic library; but the flooring is usually pointed out as the object most deserving the attention of a casual visitor. The corresponding room in the north gallery contains a model of the beautiful altar-piece intended by the Architect to ornament the east end of the Church; and a large model for a building in the style of a Grecian temple. This is regarded as the design most valued by Sir Chris¬ topher Wren; but in the opinion of competent judges, we have his favourite design, and the master-piece of his architectural skill, in the Ca¬ thedral which now adorns the metropolis. This room contains also the canopy and other funereal decorations used at the interment of Lord Nelson. The Spanish colours, the memorials of his victory, are suspended under the dome. The Clock-works are well deserving the atten¬ tion of the curious. The fine-toned bell which strikes the hours, is clearly distinguishable from every other in the metropolis, and has been dis- 25 The pannel above contains Mr. Bacon’s Mo¬ nument of Captain Duff, who fell at Trafalgar. The design represents Britannia decorating a Sarcophagus with laurel, against which is placed a medallion of the deceased Hero; while a British bailor, bearing the Naval flag, is lamenting the loss of his Commander. ERECTED AT THE PUBLIC EXPENSE TO THE MEMORY OF captain GEORGE DUFF, WHO WAS KILLED XXI OF OCT. M. D. CCCV. COMMANDING THE MARS IN THE BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR. IN THE FORTY-SECOND YEA.R OF HIS AGE, AND THE TWENTY-NINTH OF HIS SERVICE. 26 Opposite to Lord Nelson’s Monument, is that to the memory of Margluis Cornwallis, by Mr. Charles Rossi. The design consists of a pyramidal group. On a circular pedestal, (or rather a truncated column) is placed the figure of Lord Cornwallis standing in the robes of the most noble order of the Garter. The two principal figures forming the base of this group, are personifications of the British Empire in Europe, and in the East; re¬ presented, not as mourners, but as doing honour to the memory of a faithful servant of the state, whose virtues and talents, during a long life, had been so eminently useful to his Country. The third figure of the group is the Bagareth, one of the great rivers in India; and the small one on his right hand is the Ganges, being the right branch of the Bagareth. The Ganges is seated on a fish and a calabash. I f 27 Pm O >* cd O a w a « x H O h •V co cq -i > 55 O mm Cd Oh C/5 HI 3 <1 £ £ Ph o u 0 a} Cd «: a CQ W J Pi < ffi m3 < 0 X Cd Cd Cm O m 3 < c& Pd X Cd 0 Cd o X cd cd > o w X E- X mh w cd o Cm w w N < X 0 h < <0 « Pd 0 *< iO o 0 00 rH Ph P d cq O H O O S3 H o 5h a Cd < Pd S3 h 0 X < 2 2 o 0 Pd 33 H Pd a X co 03 *< o H co CO Pd cq 0 o Ph CM CO Q 33 Cd ►H 55 Q ~ O 3! £ H 55 cd 0 X o 2 33 Em Cd co X cd CM X Pd 0 HH m3 cq D CM Pd 33 E- Em <3 Q Pd Em 0 Pd Cd Pd CO Cd Pd h O <3 Cd <3 33 0 0 MH m3 cq CM Q Pd 33 CO H-M 3) 0 55 Em to *\ 55 <3 2 CO fd Em < H co P fd >M O m3 CM 2 fd Pd 03 cd Pd P X 0 m3 O co CO X O 1—1 H cd Pd X Cd co Q X < 33 0 HH 33 Oh o 5* X o 2 •—I Em CO Cd Em 55 CO 33 H O cq cn cd a S3 i* £ a Pd Em co mm 33 0 0 cq X CM H 55 Cd X MH 2 Cd 0 S5 MU 0 X o J cO 0 <3 ca N 0 Cd MH cd <3 Cd * X X Pd 33 Em 0 55 < Cd Cm HH J CO ►H 33 PM O Em 55 Cd 2 o 2 h CO < m3 Cd 33 Em X ►H >M cd Em X X o 0 cn MH 33 cm O cd X O X o 33 D 55 < Em CO Cd cd cd Em 55 MH Pd 33 Em Pd H O 2 o cd CM o Em 28 In the pannel above, is an Alto Relievo by Mr. Westmacott, to the memory of Captain John Cooke, of the Bellerophon. Britannia mourning her hero, is consoled by one of her children bringing her the trident; while another is playfully bearing her helmet. In the back ground is the prow of a Vessel, to mark the work as a Naval Monument. ERECTED AT THE PUBLIC EXPENSE TO THE MEMORY OF CAPTAIN JOHN COOKE, WHO WAS KILLED COMMANDING THE BELLEROPHON IN THE BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR, IN THE FORTY-FOURTH YEAR OF HIS AGE AND THE THIRTIETH OF HIS SERVICE. \ * / In the South transept are the Monuments of Captain Burgess, and Captain Faulknor. In the former, by the late Mr. Banks, the Naval Commander receives a sword from the hand of Victory. Defeat and Captivity, with prows of Ships and allegorical devices, are introduced on the pedestal in basso relievo, with the following inscription. SACRED TO THE MEMORY of RICHARD RUNDELL BURGESS, esquire, COMMANDER OF HIS MAJESTY’S SHIP ARDENT, WHO FELL IN THE XLIIIRD YEAR OF HIS AGE, WHILE BRAVELY SUPPORTING THE HONOUR OF THE BRITISH FLAG j IN A DARING AND SUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT TO BREAK THE ENEMY’S LINE NEAR CAMPERDOWNE j ON THE ELEVENTH OF OCTOBER 1797- HIS SKILL, COOLNESS, AND INTREPIDITY EMINENTLY CONTRIBUTED TO A VICTORY * EQUALLY ADVANTAGEOUS AND GLORIOUS TO HIS COUNTRY. THAT GRATEFUL COUNTRY, EY THE UNANIMOUS ACT OF HER LEGISLATURE, ENROLLS HIS NAME HIGH IN THE LIST OF THOSE HEROES, WHO UNDER THE BLESSING OF PROVIDENCE HAVE ESTABLISHED AND MAINTAINED HER NAVAL SUPERIORITY AND HER EXALTED RANK AMONG NATIONS. In the opposite Monument, in honour of Captain Faulknor, the design is allegorical, and represents Neptune seated, receiving in his arms the fallen Hero, who at the same moment is crowned by Victory. The group consists of figures larger than life, and is placed on a plain square pedestal, whereon is the following inscription. / This Monument was erected by the British Parliament to commemorate the gallant conduct of Captain Robert Faulknor, who on the 5th of January 1795 in the thirty-second year of his age and in the moment of victory was killed on board the Blanche Frigate while engaging La Pique, a French Frigate of very superior force. The circumstances of determined bravery, that distinguished this action, which lasted five hours, deserve to be recorded. Captain Faulknor having observed the great superiority of the enemy, and having lost most of his masts and rigging, watched an opportunity of the bowsprit of La Pique coming athwart the Blanche, and with his own hands lashed it to the capstern, and thus converted the whole stern of the Blanche into one Battery; but unfortunately soon after this bold and daring manoeuvre, he was shot through the heart. This Monument is the performance of Mr. Charles Rossi. t 31 The pannel above contains a tabular Monu¬ ment by Mr. Flaxman, in which, Britain and Victory unite in raising Captain Miller’s Me¬ dallion against a Palm tree. The head of the Theseus, in which vessel the Captain died off the coast of Acre, is by the side of Victory. THIS MONUMENT IS ERECTED BY HIS COMPANIONS IN VICTORY. 32 The opposite pannel is appropriated to Captain Hardinge, The sanguinary and successful Action which this Monument records, having taken place in the East Indies where the Captain died, the In¬ dian Warrior bearing the victorious British Standard, is seated by the side of the Sarco¬ phagus ; while Fame, recumbent on its base, displays her wreath over the Hero’s name. NATIONAL To GEO. N. HARDINGE, eso. CAPTAIN OF THE ST. FIORENZA 36 GUNS 186 MEN WHO ATTACKED ON THREE SUCCESSIVE DAYS LA PIEDMONTAISE 50 GUNS 566 MEN AND FELL N£AR CEYLON IN THE PATH TO VICTORY 8th march 1808 aged 2 S years. This Monument was the work of the late Mr. Charles Manning. 17 tinctly heard at the distance of 20 miles. This bell is tolled on occasion of a death in the Royal Family, the Lord Mayor, the Bishop of London, or the Dean of the Cathedral. The weight of this bell is 11,474 pounds. The clock dial is 57 feet in circumference. The length of the minute hand is 8 feet. A model of the latter is kept in the gallery leading to the library, for the inspection of visitors. e iS The Monuments and Statues lately introduced, in honour of the illustrious dead, have added ma¬ terially to the interest excited in the mind of the visitor. The first erected was to the memory of John Howard ; opened to public inspection A. D. 17 96 , This statue is placed near the iron Gate leading to the South Aile. It is the work of the late John Bacon, R. A. and represents the Phi¬ lanthropist in the act of trampling upon chains and fetters; while bearing in his right hand the key of a prison, and in his left a scroll, on which is engraved, Plan for the improvement of Prisons and Hospitals. On the front of the pedestal is a bas relief, representing Mr. Howard while visit¬ ing the interior of a prison, and conveying food and clothing to its distressed inhabitants. The words John Howard are cut in the marble above the bas relief. On one side of the Pedestal, John Bacon Sculptor 1795 . On the other side, the following inscription by the late Samuel Whitbread, esq. * i THIS EXTRAORDINARY MAN HAD THE FORTUNE TO BE HONOURED WHILE LIVING 19 a 4 > 4 4 co 4 G CO 00 4 4 & 4 4 CO HH G G o M G £ 14 4 ?3 53 -4 4 G E-i 53 <; G 4 4 G 4 Q 4 > •-C 4 g 4 4 4 w CO 4 53 4 2 -< Q X < X CO (4 4 4 33 4 14 O CO 4 CO G O 33 33 4 O tq t* 4 4 53 G O G 33 O 4 G 4 4 4 Q 53 4 ►4 CO 4 G 4 co 4 5? 4 S3 >-1 4 co (4 O 4 Q 53 >-i 4 X o 4 G 53 < H ^ G fi X 4 O co 53 O 4 CO CO 4 0 CO 0 4 4 4 4 S3 4 53 O 4 G Q 4 r* o 4 4 4 53 4 2 0 G G ►-» Q G 4 33 co < ? 4 X 4 33 o G 5* 4 4 G H O 4 4 !3 O 2 4 CO 4 4 -a 4 -1 G 4 4 X * G !3 G O CO 53 O >-i 4 4 CO 4 4 G 4 O 4 53 < Q 4 4 O Q 4 S3 G 4 !> 4 4 4 co 53 —« G' £ G 4 53 O 4 53 4 2 co ■-c 4 4 hH 2 G < G 53 < 4 Q G 4 ►H 4 «! 4 0 •N 4 G 4 4 co 4 4 G 4 4 13 O G *5! 5* 4 CO 4 Q O 2 CO 4 4 co G 0 53 HH 4 G Q 4 Q < 4 4 4 G G i-i G £ CO 4 4 O 4 4 4 co G O ►H 4 < > Q 4 H ■< 4 4 4 G 4 G 4 < 4 CO G 4 4 G 4 4 4 O 4 C 2 WHICH THE PUBLIC HAS NOW CONSECRATED TO HIS MEMORY HE WAS BORN AT HACKNEY IN THE COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX SEPT 11% MDCCXXVI. 20 i fa Z fa 2 w fa fa-* fa h fa Z i-i fa 55 fa eu 03 •» w fa <3 fa 03 a a <3 55 fa a fa fa fa C/3 fa a >< h z a 3 a a V-H a £ fa o fa X X fa O O P 2 fa -< fa fa w a fa z 6 x O o P 2 <5j *-> 2 fa o w fa fa X fa fa fa fa z a fa fa a z o t> o fa z fa fa fa fa <*! fa Q fa Z fa <3 fa 03 Z a <*3 o i—i a C/3 i—i CO fa a a fa fa z fa i—i a z fa o o 03 fa fa fa a 2 fa-4 o fa fa a fa-4 <3 fa Q <5! fa fa i-i fa X fa fa a fa P w 2 » fa C/3 a o i-i o <3 O i—i fa fa fa Z <3 G Z i-i fa Q Z <3 *\ fa O fa C/3 a <3 a fa a fa z t-fa <3 fa fa fa O 1/3 <3 O fa fa a o <3 fa fa fa a fa o fa fa fa 1—c fa < fa fa o 2 2 i-i o fa a fa < fa P w fa z w a a a fa fa z a fa a w z fa fa o z <3 P O fa fa fa a fa fa y—i fa <3 a o z <3 ►h fa C/3 i—i fa a o fa o fa C/3 M o fa fa X fa p fa fa fa l-l 2 fa w fa z 1—I z a Q Z < fa z fa Q fa <3 fa a fa z M 2 fa a o <3 c n a o —i fa o a 0 fa fa a fa fa C/3 i—i a o z © fa fa CITE AN EMULATI 21 The Statue of Dr. Johnson, by the same Artist, occupies the corresponding situation against the North East Pier. It represents the Philoso¬ pher in the attitude of profound thought, convey¬ ing at the same time as much of the peculiar cha¬ racter of this great writer, as can be exhibited in a single statue. The inscription on the pedestal is by Dr. Parr. A.£ 12. SAMUELI . JOHNSON GRAMMATICO . ET . CR1TICO SCRIPTORUM . ANGLICORUM . LITTERATE . PERITO POETAE • LUMINIBUS • SENTENTIARUM ET • PONDER.IBUS . VERBORUM • ADMIRABILI MAGISTRO • VIRTUTIS . GRAVISSIMO HOMINI . OPTIMO • ET . SINGULARIS . EXEMPLI % CIUI . VIXIT . ANN . LXXV . MENS . il • DIEB • XIIll DECESSIT . IDIB . DECEMBR . ANN. CHRIST, do .IoCC.LXXXIIlI SEPULT . IN • AED . SANCT • PETR . WESTMONASTER1ENS* XIIll . KAL • JANUAR . ANN • CHRIST . do . IOCCLXXXV AMICI • ET • SODALES . LITTERARII PECUNIA . CONLATA H . M . FACIUND . CURAVER. On one side of the Monument: FACIEBAT JOHANNES BACON SCULPTOR ANN. CHRIST. MDCCLXXXXV. I Against the South West Pier is placed the Statue of SirWiLUAM Jones, by Mr.Bacon,junr. He is represented in the act of study, leaning on the institutes of menu, having a pen in his right hand, and a scroll in his left. In the basso relievo against the pedestal, are Study and Genius unveiling Oriental Science. INSCRIPTION. TO THE MEMORY of sir WILLIAM JONES, knight, ONE OF THE JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUDICATURE AT FORT WILLIAM IN BENGAL. THIS STATUE WAS ERECTED BY THE HONBLE. EAST INDIA COMPANY, IN TESTIMONY OF THEIR GRATEFUL SENSE OF HIS PUBLIC SERVICES THEIR ADMIRATION OF HIS GENIUS AND LEARNING, AND THEIR RESPECT FOR HIS CHARACTER AND VIRTUES. HE DIED IN BENGAL, ON THE 24TH APRIL 1794, AGED 47. 23 The base of the North West Pier is occupied by the Statue'of Sir Josh ua Reynolds, the first President of the Royal Academy, in the Doctor of Laws gown, his right hand holding his Lec¬ tures, and his left resting on a pedestal above the head of Michael Angelo. Sir Joshua Reynolds was buried in the Crypt of this Cathedral, A. D. 1792 . JOSHUiE REYNOLDS, PICTORUM SUI SECULI FAQILE PRINCIPI, ET SPLENDORE ET COMMISSURIS COLORUM, ALTERNIS VICIBUS LUMINIS ET UMBRiE SESE MUTUO EXCITANTIUM, VIX ULLI VETERUM SECUNDO; QUI CUM SUMMA ARTIS GLORIA UTERETUR ET MORUM SUAVITATE ET VITiE ELEGANTIA PERINDE COMMENDARETUR J ARTEM ETIAM IPSAM PER ORBEM TERRARUM, LANGUENTEM ET PROPE INTERMORTUAM, EXEMPLIS EGREGIE VENUSTIS SUSCITAVIT, PR.ffiCEPTIS EXQUISITE CONSCRIPTIS ILLUSTRAVIT, ATQVE EMENDATIOREM ET EXPOLITIOREM, POSTERIS EXCERCESTDAM TRADIDIT LAUDUM EJUS FAUTORES ET AMICI HANC STATUAM POSUERUNT A. S. M.D.CCC.XIII. NATUS DIE XV MENSIS JULII M.D.CC.XXIII. MORTEM OBIIT DIE XXIII FEBRUARII M.D.CC.XCII. This Statue is by Mr. Flaxman 24 The Monumental honours of Lord Nelson, by Mr. Flaxman, occupy a distinguished place against one of the great piers between the Dome and the Choir. The Statue of Lord Nelson, dressed in the pellice received from the Grand Signor, leans on an anchor. Beneath, on the right of the Hero, Britannia directs the attention of two young Seamen to Nelson their great example. The British Lion on the other side guards the Monu¬ ment. On the cornice of the pedestal are the words Copenhagen, Nile, Trafalgar. The figures on the pedestal represent the North Sea, the German Ocean, the Nile, and the Mediterranean. \ S3 The Monument of Major General Dundas by Mr. Bacon, jun. is in the North transept. Britannia, attended by Sensibility and the Genius of Britain, is represented crowning a bust of the General with a wreath of laurel. The basso relievo on the front of the pedestal, which supports the bust, represents Britannia defending Liberty from the violent attack of Fraud and Rebellion. ■ \ Major General THOMAS DUNDAS • DIED JUNE 3 1794 AGED 44 YEARS THE BEST TRIBUTE TO WHOSE MERIT AND PUBLIC SERVICES WILL BE FOUND IN THE FOLLOWING VOTE OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS FOR THE ERECTION OF THIS MEMORIAL. 5TH JUNE 1795. RESOLVED, NEMINE CONTRADICENTE, THAT AN HUMBLE ADDRESS BE PRESENTED TO HIS MAJESTY, THAT HE WILL BE GRACIOUSLY PLEASED TO GIVE DIRECTIONS THAT A MONUMENT BE ERECTED IN THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH ON SAINT PAUL LONDON, TO THE MEMORY OF MAJOR GENERAL DUNDAS, AS A TESTIMONY OF THE GRATEFUL SENSE ENTERTAINED BY THIS HOUSE OF THE EMINENT SERVICES WHICH HE RENDERED TO HIS COUNTRY, PARTICULARLY IN THE REDUCTION OF THE FRENCH WEST INDIA ISLANDS. fr D 34 The opposite Monument, by the late Mr. Banks, in honour of Captain Westcott, dis¬ plays the Hero falling in the arms of Victory. Captain Westcott was killed in the memorable battle of the Nile. The explosion of the French ship L’Orient is introduced in the basso relievo, and the neighbouring Egyptian shore is exempli¬ fied in the Sphynx and Palm trees. The recum¬ bent figure on the pedestal is taken from an an¬ cient statue of the River Nile. ERECTED AT THE PUBLIC EXPENSE TO THE MEMORY OF GEORGE BLAGDON WESTCOTT, CAPTAIN OF. THE MAJESTIC j WHO AFTER 33 YEARS OF MERITORIOUS SERVICE, 81 FELL GLORIOUSLY IN THE VICTORY OBTAINED OVER THE FRENCH FLEET OFF ABOUKIR. THE FIRST DAY OF AUGUST, IN THE YEAR MDCCXCVlII. IN THE FORTY-SIXTH YEAR OF HIS AGE. 35 Monument of Generals Crauford and Mackinnon, by Mr. Bacon junior. In the pannel above, the hardy Highlander is \ represented weeping over the tombs of his fallen Commanders, while planting the standard be¬ tween them. Victory alights, and places her wreath on the top of the standard, to mark the spot as sacred to the ashes of successful Valour. The British Lion, the Imperial Eagle, and the shield on which is embossed the arms of Spain, denote that the talents and operations of the Ge¬ nerals when they fell, were directed against the French power in the Spanish Dominions. ERECTED BY THE NATION TO MAJOR GENERAL ROBERT CRAUFORD AND MAJOR GENERAL HENRY MACKINNON WHO FELL AT CIUDAD RODRIGO JAN. 18, 181*2. \ D 52 36 A Tabular Monument to the Major Generals Mackenzie, and Lang worth, occupies the op¬ posite pannel. Victory laments the loss of her heroes, while the sons of Britain recount their valiant achievements. Against the tomb are two wreaths, intimating the fall of two Warriors. One of the boys bears the broken French Imperial Eagle, which he is displaying to the other. The helmet on the one boy, and the wreath of oak on the head of the other, imply the military service, connected with its honours and rewards in the Sons of Britain. This Monument was executed from a design by the late Mr. Charles Manning. NATIONAL MONUMENT TO MAJOR GENERAL J. R. MACKENZIE AND BRIGADIER GENERAL R. LANGWORTH WHO FELL AT TALAYERA JULY 26 m.d.ccc.ix. The recess under the West window of the North Transept, is occupied by a group in honour of Lord Rodney by Mr. Charles Rossi. The principal figure is standing on a square pedestal, while Clio the Historic Muse (who is seated), instructed by Fame, records the great and useful actions of this Naval Hero. 3§ The opposite recess is filled with a Monument to the memory of Captains Mosse and Riou, by the same artist. The idea is simply this. An insulated base contains a Sarcophagus, on the front of which Victory and Fame place the medallions of the two deceased Officers. The Services and Death of two valiant and distinguished Officers, James Robert Mosse, Captain of the Monarch , and Edward Riou, of the Amazon, who fell in the attack upon Copenhagen , conducted by Lord Nelson 2d April 1801, are commemorated by this Monument erected at the National expense. 39 James Robert Mosse, was born in 1746; he served as Lieutenant several years under Lord Howe, and was promoted to the rank of Post Captain in 1790. To Edward lliou, who was born in 1762, an extraordinary occasion was presented in the early part of his service to signalize his intrepidity and presence of mind which were combined with the most anxious solicitude for the lives of those under his command, and a magnanimous disregard of his own. When his ship the Guardian , struck upon an Island of Ice, in Dec. 1789, and afforded no prospect but that of immediate destruction to those on board, Lieut. Riotj encouraged all who desired to take their chance of preserving themselves in the boats, to consult their safety; but judging it contrary to his own duty to desert the vessel, he neither gave himself up to despair, nor relaxed his exertions ; whereby after ten weeks of the most perilous navigation he succeeded in bringing his disabled ship into port, receiving this high reward of fortitude and perseverance, from the Divine Providence on whose protection he relied. I 40 The Monument to Earl Howe, by Mr. Flax- man, is under the East window of the South Transept. Britannia is sitting on a rostrated pedestal, holding the trident in her right hand ; the Earl stands by her, leaning on a telescope ; the British Lion is watching by his side. History records in golden letters the relief of Gibraltar, and the defeat of the French Fleet 1st June 1794. Victory (without wings) leans on the shoulder of History, and lays a branch of palm on the lap of Britannia. 41 a O ' H a o 2 a 2 w a o H W £ •> o W HH a w P-. X a o )-H Hi ffl a Ph a X H Eh < P S3 Eh 0 W « a >3 a -< W •3 < a Q cn W 0 HH a a a CO Cft & o Hi PP c Eh HH (3 a p < Eh a a 0 a a o a eft a W cn a < a a X a 0 a a Eh a o X a o 2 ►H Eh en a Eh a a X a pa a a Eh a ■c a a u HH Eh a < a ft a •0 a a P a a u> >-» a o 2 HH Eh cn P 2 HH a a P a < a X a Eh Hf i> eft • a Ci 2 fr HH r—I a o> 2 f- ^ H h -5 ^ H C/D h 2 < a Cft a Eh a a a a a 0 2 a a a a a Eh Eh cn a 0 a a Eh a P a a o HH P P 2 c •O c* N rH a o a < 2 a a a h > c* O rH 2 a o a cn < £ a Vi 4 ^ The Monumental group erected in honour of Sir Ralph Abercromby, is under the opposite window of the Transept. An equestrian figure of the General, exhausted from loss of blood, is represented fainting, and sustained by a Highland soldier. Beneath the horse the subdued enemy is indicated by a dying figure, endeavouring to grasp the invincible standard of the French Army, now become a trophy of British valour. The pedestal bears the inscription ; and on each side of the Monument, is a Sphynx, to mark the Country in which the General conquered and fell. This is the w ork of Mr. Westmacott. ERECTED AT THE PUBLIC EXPENSE TO THE MEMORY OF 43 b CL. b a w z P P cc k—H O cc; CJ cei w PC < 33 pg J < PS p z « a b D P P P z p P P P 3 b b CO Z >—4 <1 a —« a o b Q eg CO O CL, CL, O to H p p < b CO M O eg a IH b eg 2: eg Q eg pg -< eg eg eg eg l vg kg eg £ CO 25 O *—4 b k-< CO O eg pg co co eg p p a CO eg 3 b Q eg 55 Q 25 < P a p eg eg £ o eg gj Q 25 < b P a p ►H fa fa ►H Q P < P o p b w •< b 25 4—4 < G 25 *< Q p a to >—< p p c b CO eg b p P a p to CO P P P a CO a 55 *-« b •< a Q a c co 55 O H -4 b < P eg eg O eg p a b eg a eg CO Ml a a 55 >-4 b P a Q 55 O P eg o eg b eg < CO v> P P p 25 co P O o eg b 25 <5 eg eg b eg b Q 25 < 25 eg CO O a p eg o A p c b b c eg b gj P w eg CO eg Q C eg a —4 3 e* « a z ►H E-« s 4—4 z < G Z Q P ► •—, W P eg P w 3 Z P 3 Z o k-l b P P P krf Q CO k-, 3 tH « a z •H Q k-t a a Q P p m « o Jo P k-4 <4 b 3 b Z o G P Z b P O b p o b P k-t b b Z c b P O P Q Z ■< b Z < kH P P k-< P P P 3 b Q P > P k-l 3 P < Q < 3 b P 3 H P ►H b Z a > 44 a 4 H s: a o o W a o *-< > 4 a CO w Z H H Z 4 b CO 4 b 0 2 o a b o co z o ►i H O <3 CL i 4 s mr* cH O b 4 S3 H Q 4 H r* H a a <3 a a Eh a z a CO z O CO O a >< Eh a <3 Q Z <3 a Eh z < a a <3 0 Q a a to >-l a 0 z i—* Eh co a a h •\ a Q a a CO hh a a <3 Eh CO a Eh co <3 O 0 a o Eh a Q a a Eh z o 0 z HH Q Z «a3 a b o Eh co -a a * a Eh a a a Q z <3 H a o b a < b *-» a Z i—i a b a a Eh b O Q Z < s s o a a a Eh Q a a a a a CO Q Z <3 a Eh Eh Z < O a Q a o b a a Eh q H a a *-i a * a a S o a a o a £ o z * a a a a <3 0 < b a a ^ a ^ a a <3 a a Eh CD CD a z / 45 i The Monument of Sir John Moore, by Mr. Bacon junr. represents his interment by the hands of Valour and Victory, while the Genius of Spain (distinguished by the shield bearing the Spanish arms) is planting the victorious standard in his tomb. Victory lowers the General to his grave by her wreath of laurel. SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF LIEUTENANT-GENERAL SIR JOHN MOORE, K. B. WHO WAS BORN AT GLASGOW IN THE YEAR 1761. HE FOUGHT FOR HIS COUNTRY IN AMERICA, IN CORSICA, IN THE WEST INDIES, IN HOLLAND, EGYPT, AND SPAIN: AND ON THE I6tH OF JANUARY 1809, WAS SLAIN BY A CANNON BALL, AT CORUNNA. 46 * The corresponding window contains a Monu¬ ment erected in memory ot Lord Colling- wood, by Richard Westmacott, R. A. 7 J N The moment for illustration chosen in this composition is the arrival of the remains of Lord Collingvvood on the British shores. The body, shrowded in the colours torn from the Enemy, is represented on the deck of a Man ot War: in the hands of the Hero is placed the sword which he used with so much glory to himself, and to a grateful Country. On the foreground, attended by the Genii of bis confluent streams, is Thames in a cumbent position, thoughtfully regarding Fame, who from the prow of the ship reclines over the Illustrious Admiral, and proclaims his heroic achievements. The alto relievo on the gunwale of the ship illustrates the progress of Navigation. The ge¬ nius of man discovering the properties of the nautilus, is led to venture on the expansive bosom of the Ocean : acquiring confidence from success, he leaves his native land-marks, the stars his only guide. The magnet’s power next directs his course; and now, to counteract the machinations of pirates and the feuds of Nations, he forges the instruments of war. ERECTED AT THE PUBLIC EXPENSE TO THE MEMORY OE A ** 47 ft O O £ o z M ft ft o ft ft Pi o ft H si w « ft H ft ft 5? < « 55 « a « H Q W 2 « a h a a a fa fa as H C>4 O a z X a U W o u a 2 B O « *< 2 63 a 63 63 5> a 63 63 a a £ 63 a 63 a fa 63 < 63 63 a h fa O !» a 63 h o a a 55 o o 63 O 6c < H 6c < a C/3 < 63 O a „ a C/3 •— C X o o a 2 63 55 a >-» h 63 63 a 6c a o 55 63 63 6c 63 a H a H >-< £ 55 O t-4 H U < 63 a H H 55 W a a a o 55 63 63 a H 6c o 55 5?! fa -5 O C/3 *4 C-. *“! > o * O a a 2 63 W 6c >5 h a w a a a C/3 >-c 5s -< a C/3 63 a H a H 5z o «—I H O < a a > o a a 55 ►-* C H a O 63 -5 O a * 63 O H O 63 > a 63 a 63 a H 5* a C/3 a o a u 1-4 fa C/3 55 O u H C/3 o 2 5 E- -5 fa cn a 55 < a u 55 < 6c fa fa O cn H a a a fa a a 55 ►H M *-« o o a a H a a a a a a H fa O SS sT a 2 a S3 < > a i-c o a cn <3 a a H a a ►H 63 H 23 O u 5- a h 55 a 55 6- 4 2 a a a a o b-4 a o H a a < o a a -u a a a H O 55 ►H a 55 o <£ H 23 a a ‘ •* XXI OCTOBER MDCCCV To the memory of Sir Isaac Brock, by the same Artist. A Military Monument, on which are placed the sword and helmet of the deceased ; a votive record supposed to have been raised by his com- . panions to their honoured Commander. His corse reclines in the arms of a British soldier, whilst an Indian pays the tribute of re¬ gret his bravery and humanity elicited. ERECTED AT THE PUBLIC EXPENSE TO THE MEMORY OF MAJOR GENERAL sir ISAAC BROCK, WHO GLORIOUSLY FELL ON THE 13TH OF OCTOBER, m.d.cccxii. IN resisting an attack ON QUEENSTOWN IN UPPER CANADA. 49 In the Western Ambulatory of the North Transept, is a Tabular Monument executed by Mr. Chantrey, to the memory of Major Ge¬ neral Hoghton. The design is simple, and arises out of the pe¬ culiar circumstances of the event it celebrates. General Hoghton, while leading his troops to a successful charge on the French at Albuera, received a mortal wound; but lived for a moment to witness the total defeat of the Enemy. The design, therefore, represents General Hoghton starting from the ground, eagerly stretching out his hand, directing his men, who are rushing on the Enemy with levelled bayonets ; while Victory ascending from the Field of Battle, sustains with one hand the British colours, and with the other proceeds to crown the dying Vic¬ tor with laurel. ERECTED AT THE PUBLIC EXPENSE TO THE MEMORY OP MAJOR GENERAL DANIEL HOGHTON, WHO FELL GLORIOUSLY IGtH MAY 1811, AT ALBUERA. K 50 The corresponding pannel is also sacred to one of the Heroes of Albuera. The design is intended to represent the union of Wisdom and Valour in Sir William Myers, whose Bust is placed on the top of the tomb. The figures introduced are Minerva for Wisdom, and Hercules for Valour, who points with one hand to the bust, while the other clasps that of Wisdom. Th is is the first National Monument executed by a young Artist named Kendrick. V «* ' * ERECTED AT THE PUBLIC EXPENSE TO THE MEMORY OF LIEUTENANT COLONEL SIR WILLIAM MYERS, BART. WHO FELL GLORIOUSLY IN THE BATTLE OF ALBUERA, MAY 16™ 1811, AGED 27 YEARS. HIS ILLUSTRIOUS COMMANDER THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON, BORE THIS HONOURABLE TESTIMONY TO HIS SERVICES AND ABILITIES, IN A LETTER TO LADY MYERS, WRITTEN FROM ELVAS, MAY 20, 1811. “ IT WILL BE SOME SATISFACTION TO YOU TO KNOW THAT YOUR SON FELL IN THE ACTION; IN WHICH IF POSSIBLE THE BRITISH TROOPS SURPASSED ALL THEIR FORMER DEEDS, AND AT THE HEAD OF THE FUSILEER BRIGADE, TO WHICH A GREAT PART OF THE FINAL SUCCESS OF THE DAY WAS TO BE ATTRIBUTED. * AS AN OFFICER HE HAD ALREADY BEEN HIGHLY DISTINGUISHED, AND, IF PROVIDENCE HAD PROLONGED HIS LIFE, HE PROMISED TO BECOME ONE OF THE BRIGHTEST ORNAMENTS TO HIS PROFESSION, AND AN HONOUR TO IIIS COUNTRY.” In the Ambulatory leading from the North Door to the Choir, is a Tabular Monument for Major General Le Marchant. The figure of Spain is represented placing the trophies of Victory on the Tomb of the Warrior, at the same time she mourns his fall. Britannia, seated, is pointing to the Monu¬ ment raised to his memory by a grateful Nation, and is instructing her youth, a Military Cadet, to emulate his brave example. ERECTED AT THE PUBLIC EXPENSE TO THE MEMORY OF MAJOR GENERAL JOHN GASPARD LE MARCHANT, WHO GLORIOUSLY FELL i IN THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA. This monument was designed by the late James Smith; and executed after his decease by Mr. Rossi. 52 A plain marble slab over the Iron gates leading to the Choir, commemorates the Architect, under whose superintendance the Cathedral was rebuilt. SUBTUS • C NIMTUR . HUJUS • ECCLESIiE . ET RBIS CONDITOR . CH RISTOPHORUS • WREN . GUI . X.IT ANNOS • ULTRA. . NONAGINTA . NON . S1BI . : ) 0 m BONO • PUBLICO . LECTOR . SI . MONUMENTUM . RE&U1RIS CIRCUMSPICE OBI IT ? XXV . FEB . ^ETATIS • XCi • an . m D.ccxxiii. The tomb of Sir Christopher Wren in the supposed to mark the South spot where the High Altar formerly stood. HERE LIETH sir CHRISTOPHER WREN, knt. THE BUILDER OF THIS CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF ST. PAUL WHO DIED IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD m.D. ccxxiii. AND OF HIS AGE XCI. t 53 Near Sir Christopher Wren’s tomb are monu¬ ments to the memory of his wife and daughter, and t Dr. William Holder, canon residentiary of St Paul’s. There are also inscriptions for Bisho Newton ; for Sir Joshua Reynolds, James Barry, and John Opie, painters; for the Lord '| 4 _ V Chancellor Rosslyn, Thomas Newton, Esq. Dr. William Boyce, Robert Mylne the architect, and many deceased members of the cathedral. Several specimens of ancient sculpture from the ruins of the old cathedral, which were buried among the rubbish at the rebuilding, have been dug up at different periods, and are preserved in a recess under the East window. Among them are, the celebrated figure of Dr. Donne in his shroud, the supposed effigies of Sir Nicholas Bacon, Sir Thomas Heneage, Sir John Wolley and his Lady in a sitting posture, and the muti¬ lated bust of Dean Colet, the benevolent founder of the Free School in St. Paul’s Church Yard. But the chief object of curiosity in these sub¬ terranean walks is the tomb of Nelson, in the middle avenue of the crypt, immediately beneath the centre of the dome. The sarcophagus of 54 - black marble was designed by Cardinal Wolsey for his own entombment in St. George’s Chapel at Windsor. The sarcophagus is surmounted with a cushion and coronet, and on the pedestal are the words: HORATIO VISC. NELSON. The body of Lord Collingwood reposes under an altar-tomb near his illustrious commander. The Choir was finished and opened for Divine Service on the day of thanksgiving for the Peace of Ryswick, Dec. 2 , 169 J. From that period to the present, the solemn offices of Religion have continued with little interruption. The Choir is divided from the body of the church by an Organ Gallery, enriched with beau¬ tiful carving by Gibbon, whose decorative per¬ formances embellish every part of the Choir. The Episcopal Throne, near the altar, is pecu¬ liarly elegant. The Bishop’s Seat for ordinary occasions, on the South side of the choir, is dis¬ tinguished by a Mitre and Pelican. The Lord Mayor’s Seat, on the opposite side of the choir, has the City Mace and other appropriate devices. The Dean’s Stall under the organ gallery, is distinguished by a Canopy, and ornamented with sculptures of fruit and flowers. An adjoining stall is intended for the Archdeacon of Middle¬ sex ; and two corresponding stalls, for the Precen¬ tor, and the Archdeacon of London. The three latter, being rarely occupied by the dignitaries whose titles they bear, are now appropriated to the Canons Residentiary. On each side of the Choir are stalls for the remaining Dignitaries and Prebendaries; and seats for the Minor Canons, Vicars, and Choristers. The Reading Desks for the Lessons and Litany are in the middle of the choir, surrounded by a brass railing. The Pulpit was originally placed near the altar opposite to the Bishop’s throne, but has been re¬ moved to a more centrical situation for the greater convenience of the auditors. The Sermons were anciently delivered in the open air, at a Cross in the Church Yard ; from which circumstance they are still termed Paul’s Cross Sermons. The Preachers are nominated by the Bishop of London. There is also a Ser¬ mon on every Church Holiday, and on the Wednesdays and Fridays during Lent. The Dignitaries and Prebendaries are appointed to this duty ; but in most instances they avail them¬ selves of their privilege to provide a Deputy. The Chaplain to the Lord Mayor for the time being, is the Preacher on all State Holi¬ days ; and on the first Sunday in Easter and Trinity Terms, when the Lord Mayor, Aider- men, Judges, and City Officers attend the Ca¬ thedral Church. The Canons Residentiary preach alternately every Sunday afternoon. The Choral Service is performed daily at three quarters past nine in the morning, and a quarter past three in the afternoon. DIMENSIONS OF THE CATHEDRAL. Feet. Length from East to West...500 Length of the Choir. 165 Breadth through the Transepts.285 Breadth of the Nave and Ailes.307 Breadth of the Middle Aile of the Choir. 42 Height from the Crypt.404 From the pavement to the top of the Cross.356 Ground Plot 2 acres 16 perches 70 feet. Printed by Nicliols, Son, and Bentley, Red Lion Passage, Fleet Street, London. «