Oass_ Book- I m i ^'iXX-p-^^^ L.^ ^^ ^^H;,-;_:-\r. The bostonim Society Publications. Vol. 3 Boston Old Sthte House «•■ ■ MCMVI. -^ W w\ t m ml W;. J ^'^ /^"/yf/ / o / CONTENTS. Boston in 17 io Preparing for a Small War . 9 Javus Mascarene Hubbard. Fankuil Mall . . . . . . . 41 Charles Carltton Coffin. Boston in i 8 i 3 , Reminiscences of an Olu School- Bov . . 75 John Tucker Prince. Subscription List For Building the First Town House . . 105 Walter Kendall Watkins. Index : i. Names . . , . . . • ^53 ii. Places and Subjects . . . .161 ILLUSTRATIONS. Map of Boston Harbor. 1711 . . . Faces title From an origitiai iii the British Musi7tm. The Green- Dragon Tavern .... 38 Fram an old engraving. Peter Faneuil 41 From a portrait by Smibej-i, ifi tkt possession cf the Massachusetts Historical Society. Faneuil Hall in 176c 73 Fron: an old wood-cut. Demolition of Beacon Hill .... 79 From a lithograph, in the Society's collection, of a drazL'ing made on the spot in 1B12, by J. R. Smith. Photogravure of Subscription List for Build- ing the First Town Hall. 1656 . . . 105 Reduced from the Original Man7(sc?-ipt in the Society's collection. BOSTON IN 1710 PREPARING FOR A SMALL WAR BT JAMES MASCARENE HUBBARD. BOSTON IN 1710 PREPARING FOR A SMALL WAR A PAPER READ TO THE BOSTONIAN SOCIETY, COUNCIL CHAMbI K. DLH STATE HOUSE, iMARCH 9, lS86. BY JAMES MASCARENE HUBBARD. )S I was setting up a column of Psalters," writes Judge Sewall in his Diary on Sat- urday, July 15th, 1710, "the I2th Col- umn, about II m., I heard a Gun, and a while after, another. Mr. May hew and Joseph run up to the top of the House and saw two Flags hoysted at the Castle. Quickly after I went up, and saw the Flag hoysted at the Sconce, and two Guns fired ; then presently the Drums beat and Alarm went through the Town." These signals meant simply that ships were below in the Bay which might prove to be a French fleet about to attack the town, " as there was no certainty of any fleet intended from England." The I o Boston Preparing for a Small War. batteries were accordingly manned, and the town regi- ment was speedily under arms and awaiting the coming of the enemy, which, Hutchinson says, for a time was actually believed to be the case. As the ships drew nearer, to the great relief of the town's people they turned out to be a small English fleet, consisting of two frigates, a bomb-ketch and sev- eral transports, having on board Col. Francis Nicholson with other officers, and 500 marines for the projected expedition against Nova Scotia. The regiment immedi- ately marched probably to Scarlett's wharf, the usual government landing-place, to serve, as the custom was in those days, as an escort for the newly-arrived British officers to the Town House. Meanwhile the '* Pave- ment," for so the open space under the old building which preceded the present structure appears to have been called, was thronged with people, watching for the coming of the strangers and the military, discussing the news of the day and greeting every fresh arrival, and, it being Saturday afternoon, no doubt the boys were well represented. A coach drives up, and Gov. Dudley, who has come from his house in Roxbury, alights and courteously greets the by-standers. Possibly he stops to exchange a few words with some of them, until Mr. Secretary Addington, who lives hard by, * can be summoned, and * Just in Ihc rear of ihe old Traveller Building, now occujned, 1906, by the Worthingtou liuilding. Boston Preparing for n StiinU War. 1 1 the Iwo gentlemen go up together to the Council Chamber. Down Queen Street comes Judge Sewall, very likely still in uniform, — for I take it the ex-Captain of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company would not be backward in doing his part in the town's defence, — notwithstanding his age and position, possibly talking eagerly but gravely with his neighbor* Col. Penn Town- send, who lives at the northern corner of Beacon and Tremont Streets. Later, good Mr. Edward Broomfield leaves that "shady grove" behind his house in Rawson's Lane, afterwards called by his name, where doubtless he has been praying for the success of Her Majesty's arms and the welfare of the Province. Not improbably there joins him the rich merchant, Mr. Peter Sergeant, from his neighboring brick mansion, afterward the Province House, and Major John Walley, who lives close to the Old South Church. These with others of the Council pass directly to their Chamber, together with other principal gentlemen of the town. The fleet was long in reaching the anchorage ground, and night fell and Mr. Secretary had ordered the can- * There Ls considerable doubt as to whether Judge Sewall lived on Cotton Hill [Pemberton Square] or "on the easterly side of what is now Wa.-;hington Street, near the corner of Summer Street." The edi- tors of his " Letter-Book," recently published by the Massachusetts Historical Society, have adopted the latter view, though the evidence from the Letter-Book, which appears to have decided them, does not seem to me conclusive. 1 2 Boston Pyeparing for a Small War. dies to be lighted in the Council Chamber before the beat of drums announced the approach of Col. Nichol- son and his escort. It is very difficult for me to realize the scene which met his view on entering the room ; far more so to give you a picture of it. I am inclined to think that there was far more light and color than in a similar assembly of the present time. The scarlet and blue uniforms, the velvet cloaks and richly embroidered waistcoats of the gentlemen of those days, made a much richer and more beautiful picture than our sombre full-dress suits. The principal figure was, of course, Gov. Dudley, whose " comely person, noble aspect and graceful mien " well fitted him to preside on such an occasion. Near him sat Judge Sewall, his keen, observant eye noting all that took place, with his intimate friend Col. John Foster on his left, for so I would interpret that curious expression in his Diary at the time of the latter's death shortly after : " I have lost a good Left-hand man. The Lord save New England ! " Closely associated with them was John Dunton's "fine Silver lace A Stuff Suit, a cloth Cloak and Surtout . A morning gown & 12 pr. worsted Stockings 20 Holland Shirts ..... 2 doz fine diaper Napkins, 4 large diaper Tal>] Cloaths & 2 small d" and 9 Towels 20 Moslin neckcloths & 6 silk hanckerchiefs 2 Wiggs ....... A feild bed, bedstead, Curtins, 2 blanketts, a Rugg, a pr. of Sheets & 2 fine pillow & a pillow ...... 2 doz. pewter plates & 4 pewter dishes, a pr. o brass & a pr. Iron Candlesticks . Muggs & glasses ..... Tinware & gridiron & Spitt & Chafindysh . 6 Silver Spoons, a Silver prirringer, a Silver cuj of a pint, & a Silver bason . An Edged hatt An Oval table A Silver-hilted Sword .... A brass-hilted Sword & an Iron-hilted Sworo An Edged Skarf ..... 5 new pair of Shoes & i new pr Slippers . A large Trunk & a small trunk . A large chest with drawers in yo bottom and a sealskin j)ortmantle Trunk . . . . . i .30- .00. .00 20. .00 DO 16. .00. .00 ^ } 7- .00. .00 7- .00. .00 7- .00. .00 ^ 10. .00. .00 5- .00. .00 0. ••3- .00 0. • 9- .00 V] . ! '5- .00. .00 I . .14. .00 0. . 10. .00 6. .00. .00 I . .00. .00 4- .00. .00 I . .ly. .00 0. .16. .00 £i3S- -04. .00 Thu.s far his "equipage;" now for what he term.s in hi.s "Memorial" his "provision," which enables us to form some clear idea of the "Treats" of which I have made mention : — I pipe fial [Fayal] wine • • /io .00. .00 1 quarter cask d" '> . ID. .00 I hhd Madera .... • 15 .00. .00 2 quarter cask do . . . 8 .00. .00 I bb. Rum 4 .00. .00 Boston Preparing for a Small War. 37 7 gall, brandy 2 bbs beer . 4 galls Cherry brandy 6 quarts Cinnamon water 4 Choats 6 doz. fowls 2 11) Muscavado Sugar gollj powder'd white . a Clieshire cheese, w* : 4 id 17 bushs Indian Corn I2lb of Chocolate 3. . 10. .00 o. . 16. .00 2 . . 00 . . 00 I . . 10. .00 2 . . 08 . . 00 3 . . DO . . 00 4 . . 00. . 00 3 . . 00 . . 00 2 . . GO . . 00 2 . . I I . . 00 I . . I o . . 00 5 hams of bacon I Smal Sugr loaf 2olbs Carraintos & raisons 4 panns potted beef A hamper of rusk I d" of byskett ^65. .15.. 2 bbs Salt 3 doz bottles 2 cakes of hard soap Nuttmeggs & other spice 70 lbs butter a box of Candles DO The General Court allowed him ^30. THE GREEN DRAGON TAVERN. FANEUIL HALL BY CHARLES CARLETON COFFIN. FANEUIL HALL A PAPER READ TO THE BOSTONIAN SOCIETY, COUNCIL CHAMBER, OLD STATE HOUSE, DECEMBER 10, 1895, BY CHARLES CARLETON COFFIN. HEN we look at Bonner's Map of Boston, first issued in 1722, with emendations in i733> '43 ^^^^ '69, we see a compact town, with narrow, winding streets, oc- cupying the territory between Beacon Hill and the water, extending from the North Battery to Essex street and Frog lane. It was a commercial town, with many wharves along the water front, — the most notable being Long wharf with its thousand or more legs extending like a huge centipede from the foot of King street far out into the harbor. The eastern side of Long wharf formed the entrance to the Town dock. When we turn to the early records, we find that the Town dock originally was a cove, which in 1634 was 42 Fancjiil Hall. the chief landing-place for boats. It was natural that it should become the chief market-place. From Win- throp's "Journal" we learn that a market-place was established there, by order of the Court, as early as 1634. It was a convenient place, and a safe shelter for the fi.shermen who supplied the inhabitants with cod and mackerel, and for the farmers of Newtowne, Water- town and Cambridge, who came down the Charles in their boats with vegetables. It was equally convenient for the farmers of Roxbury and Dorchester, coming over the " Neck " with their teams. The topography made it the natural market-place and commercial centre of the town. A market-house was erected, but the exact date does not appear. It seems that there was much oppo- sition to a market-building, but on what grounds is not wholly clear ; possibly that it created a monopoly and was detrimental to the community, because of the danger " of the pernicious practice of forestalling." At a town meeting held May 11, 1733, it was voted to assign three places for markets : " That in the Vacent place at or near the Town Dock be one of the Places. That the Open place near the old North meeting House be another place for a market. That the Third place be at or near the Great Tree at the South end, near m'' Eliots House." * * Boston Town RecoicLs, in Record Commissioners' Reports, xii : 44. Tlie " Great Tree " was probably that later known as the " Liberty Tree." Faneuil Hall. 43 It would seem that some structure used for market purposes had been standing on or near Dock Square for several years, as a committee had been appointed June 27, 1732, to "Receive any Proposals any may make for Demolishin or Hireing out the Old Buildings, Be- longing to the Town in Dock Square." The town was much concerned at this time about the condition of the fortifications necessary for its proper defence, and the meetings of the citizens were frequent and largely attended. On the 20th of March, 1733, they adjourned from the Town-house to the " Meeting- house in Church Green," where, after appropriating ten thousand pounds to fortify the town, they voted seven hundred pounds for the new markets.* The town records show there was much discussion as to the loca- tion of the market at the south part of the town, and the regulations to be adopted for the government of all of them ; and notwithstanding the appropriation, the citizens were about equally divided on the policy of public market-places generally. It would seem that the one in Dock square, at any rate, was very unpopu- lar, and the contention culminated in the demolition of the building by malcontent citizens " disguised like clergymen," one night in 1737.! In no town in the Puritan Commonwealth were the people more keenly alive to the preservation of their * Boston Town Records, in Record Commissioners' Reports, xii : 66. t See I Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., iii : 255. 44 Fane nil Hall. rights and liberties than in Boston. They realized that a government of the people could only be maintained by a free discussion of every question affecting their inter- ests. The town meeting was their parliament ; the meeting-houses their parliament halls ; but they were dependent upon the courtesy of the pew-holders for the use of the houses, when, as was often the case, the town hall was not large enough to accommodate the voters. Under such circumstances, Peter Faneuil, son of a French refugee Huguenot, born in New Rochelle, N. Y., who at the age of forty had become the wealthiest citi- zen of Boston, seeing the needs of his fellow-townsmen, conceived the idea of erecting a building which should be less objectionable than its predecessors, and present- ing it to the town. Three hundred and forty-seven influential citizens, among whom was Harrison Gray, petitioned the Selectmen to bring his plan before the town, setting forth that Peter Faneuil hath been gen- erously "pleased to Offer at his Own proper cost and Charge, to Erect and Build a noble and compleat Struct- ure or Edifice to be Improved for a Market, for the sole Use, Benefit and advantage of the Town."* On the 4th of July, 1740, the Selectmen issued a Warrant calling a town meeting, to be held ten days later ; the date of the Warrant was surely a most aus- picious one, but it would appear from the subsequent *The Record Commissioners' Report, xii : 259, has the Petition in fuU. Faneuil Hall. 45 proceedings that the gift would hardly have been ac- cepted had it not been that, both in the Petition and the Warrant, it was proposed to repeal the town by-law " so far as it Respects Buying Provisions out of the Market, .... that so all Persons may be at Liberty at all times to Buy in any Part of the Town." When the citizens assembled, it was evident that the old opposition to a public market-house had by no means disappeared. So numerous were the voters that, as on former occasions, an adjournment was taken to the Brat- tle street Meeting-house, after voting "That the Thanks of the Town be given to Peter P'aneuil for his Generous Offer." At the adjourned meeting in the afternoon, a "considerable debate" ensued. There were 727 voters present, of whom 367 voted to accept and 360 were opposed ; and after instructing the Selectmen to "Wait upon Peter Faneuil Esquire, and to Present the Thanks of this Town to Him, As Voted in the Fore- noon : And also to Acquaint Him, that the Town have, by their Vote, come to a Resolution to Accept of his Generous Offer of Erecting a Market House on Dock Square, According to his Proposal, .... the Meeting was Dismiss'd."* September 3, 1740, the Selectmen received from Faneuil, through Joshua Blanchard, plans for the mar- ket-house, and the construction of the building was * Record Commissioners' Reports, xii : pp. 259-60. 46 Fane lit I Hall. begun soon afterward. These plans, which were drawn by the artist John Smibert, provided for a building on the town's land, which should cover the spot on which the Centre Market had formerly stood, and which was to be forty by one hundred feet, — just half the size of the present building. Then was disclosed Faneuil's project of erecting a structure which should be both a market and a free parliament house. The building was completed in August, 1742, and on the loth of September Samuel Ruggles, who had charge of its erection, delivered the keys to the Selectmen in the name of the donor. On Monday, September 13, the freeholders assembled formally to accept the gift. Thomas Gushing was chosen Moderator, and on motion of John Jeffries the thanks of the town were voted to Faneuil " for his Noble and Generous Benefaction ; " and a committee consisting of the Hon. Adam Win- throp, Thomas Hutchinson, Hon. Edward Hutchinson, Hon. Samuel Waldo, and Hon. Ezekiel Lewis was chosen to draw up a vote of thanks, to be presented to the town for their approbation. The record tells us that they forthwith withdrew " into One of the Lobbeys to do the same," and soon after reported at length. After reciting the previous acts of the citizens, accepting P^aneuil's offer, they refer to the fact that the liberal donor has " at a very great Expence Erected a Noble Structure far exceeding his first Proposal, Inasmuch as it contains not only a large Faneidl Hall. 47 and Sufficient Accommodation for a Market place, but has also Superadded a Spacious and most Beautiful Town Hall over it, and Several other Convenient Rooms, which may prove very Beneficial to the Town," and recom- mend the town to accept " with the Utmost Gratitude .... this most Generous and Noble Benefaction for the Uses and Intentions they are designed for;" and that a committee, consisting of the Moderator of the meeting, Thomas Gushing, and Hon. Adam Winthrop, Edward Hutchinson, Ezekiel Lewis and Samuel Waldo, with the Selectmen and Representatives of the town of Boston, Jacob Wendell, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, Capt. Nathaniel Cunningham, Peter Chardon and Charles Apthorp, be appointed to "Wait upon Peter Faneuil, Esq., in the name of the Town, to render him their Most hearty Thanks for so Bountiful a Gift, with their Prayers that this and other Expressions of his Bounty and Charity may be Abun- dantly Recompenced with the Divine Blessing."* The motion was unanimously carried, and the record continues : — " And then a Motion was made by Thomas Hutchin- son Esq^ that in Testimony of the Towns Gratitude to the said Peter Faneuil Esq^ and to perpetuate his Mem- ory the Town now pass a Vote that the Hall over the Market place, be named Faneuil Hall, and at all times hereafter be called and known by that Name. Which * See Record Commissioners' Report, xii : pp. 306 et seq. 50 Fanenil Hall. be forgotten ; but his deeds, his charities, shall survive the ruins of nature. To have relieved the miseries of the distressed, to have stifled the cries of the orphan, and to have dried the widow's tears, are acts that shall embalm his memory for many generations on earth, and shall follow him beyond the limits of mortality where charity dwells. " What now remains but my ardent wishes that this Hall may be sacred to the interests of truth, of justice, of loyalty, of honor, of liberty. May no private views, nor })arty broils ever enter within these walls ; but rnay the same public spirit that glowed in the heart of the generous founder, influence all your debates, that so- ciety may reap the benefit of them."* The Selectmen ordered that on the day of the funeral the bell on Faneuil Hall should be tolled from one o'clock until the ceremonies were concluded, and that a hatchment with the Faneuil arms be placed on the west end of the building. These arms, as described by the "Sexton of the Old School," were on a field argent (silver or white), a large heart gules (scarlet) on the centre, "truly a suitable emblem," with "seven stars equidistant from each other and from the margin of the escutcheon, extending from the sinister chief to the dexter base " (that is, around the upper edge and the left side of the shield) ; " on the sinister base a cross moline within an annulet " or small circle. These arms * The Oration is printed in full in the Record Commissioners' Re ports, xiv : pp. 14 et seq. Famuil Hall. 5' are chiselled on the easterly end of the r^meuil tomb, in the westerly eorner of the Granary l?urial-^aound. Mareh 12, 1743-4, Moses Deshon asked the town to accept a carving of these arms, " Compleatly Finished & Gilt .... at a Considerable Expence of Time and Money," and order it to be placed in the Hall, "which will not only be a great Ornament to the Room, but a means of rerpetuating the Memory of the Worthy and Generous Donor." The town voted to do so, "making him such an Allowance for the .same as shall .... be thought reasonable."''' The market did not at once become popular among the citizens, having been closed from time to time for longer or shorter periods, but the Hall above was con- stantly used. One of the earliest gatherings was on Oct. 10, 1744, to celebrate the King's Coronation-day "with a concert of music." In May, 1747, a series of concerts were given there, and on h'Jection-day the Governor and Council dined there, thus inaugurating the long .series of bancjuets for which the Hall has been famous. In 1760 it was ilhnninated to celebrate the reduction of Canada. For twenty years the old building was used for town- meetings and public gatherings. Its interior was de- stroyed by fire January 13, 1761. At a town-meeting the following March, it was voted that the Hall should * Record Commissioner.s' Reports, xiv : pp. 26, 36, 37. 52 Fanetdl Hall. be rebuilt, using the old walls, and a lottery was au- thorized to obtain the requisite funds. The dedication address was delivered by James Otis on the 14th of March, 1763. The famous grasshopper vane still sur- mounting the cupola, which was hammered out from sheet copper by Shem Drowne in May, 1742, and which had been thrown down by an earthquake and somewhat damaged in November, 1755, escaped the fire, and was restored to its place on the new Hall. The rebuilding brings us to the period of the attempt of England to impose taxes upon the Colonies. Many town-meetings were convened in the Hall, but as the Old South Meeting-house had a much larger seating capacity, the meetings frequently adjourned to that edifice. Thus, not only by Master Novell's dedication, but by the con- sideration of vital questions affecting the rights of the people, it acquired its appropriate name, " the Cradle of Liberty." When the news came that the obnoxious Stamp Act had been repealed, the town voted (March 18, 1767) that the Hall should again be illuminated, and that the Selectmen should make provision for the people to drink the King's health. The Boston Gazette relates that "a profusion of wine and other liquors was pre- l)arcd in Faneuil Hall, to collect the genuine sons of Liberty, to celebrate this happy festival." Besides what wine and liquors the Selectmen provided, John Hancock and other merchants kept open house, and it seems Faneuil Hall. 53 probable that during the late hours of the night many of the citizens found that the streets were unusually crooked on that joyful occasion ! On August I, the following year, the ever-watchful citizens discovering the intentions of the Ministry to ob tain a revenue from the Colonies by indirect taxation, met in Faneuil Hall and voted not to import tea, glass, and other commodities from England. One month later, on September 7, they came together once more and appointed a committee to wait upon the Governor and inquire why troops had been ordered to Boston. Sep- tember 1 3, they reassembled and voted that each inhab- itant should provide himself with " a well fixed fire-lock musket, and ammunition, as the law required." The following week, Thursday, September 22, 1768, seventy delegates from sixty towns met in convention in the Hall, the numbers increasing the next day to one hundred from ninety-eight towns. The delegates from Boston were Samuel Adams, James Otis and John Hancock. The petty and incompetent Governor Ber- nard ordered them to disperse, but being free citizens, they paid no heed, and continued the convention till the 29th. When the Ministry ordered troops to Boston, after the riot and damage to Governor Hutchinson and others, the Selectmen allowed the regiments to be quartered temporarily in the Hall, while barracks were being pre- pared. 54 Fane nil Hall. Perhaps one of the most notable gatherings in the old Hall was that when Ebenezer Richardson was examined before Justices John Ruddock, Edmund Quincy, Richard Dana and Samuel Pemberton, for shooting Christopher Snider. Bancroft is the only historian who has men- tioned it, and it seems to me that he has not fully com- prehended what came of it. The merchants had agreed not to sell tea. More than four hundred housewives and one hundred and twenty-six young ladies signed an agreement in P^ebruary, renouncing the use of tea until the Revenue Acts were repealed. There were some citi- zens — the royalists — who continued to use it. Theo- philus Lillie, a merchant on Middle street (now included in Hanover street), had agreed not to sell the herb, but went back on his promise. On the morning of P'ebru- ary 22, 1770, a post was found firmly planted in the ground in front of his house, upon which was his efifigy, undoubtedly the work of some ship-carver. It soon at- tracted a crowd of citizens and school-boys. Among the citizens was Ebenezer Richardson, who had the unenviable reputation of being an informer. We must not lose sight of the fact that the public, in view of the tyrannical laws enacted by Parliament through a long period, with the design to prevent the Colonies from manufacturing their own goods, had come to regard an evasion of the custom laws as no heinous offence. Richardson was a spy upon the importers. Doubtless wishing to make himself super serviceable to Faneuil Hall. 55 the customs officials, he tried to persuade a charcoal peddler to run against the post with his team and knock it over, but in vain. Neither could he induce a team- ster with a load of wood to run his sled against it. The school-boys began to chaff him, and then to snowball. Richardson responded with a brickbat ; whereupon the boys pelted him with more balls, driving him to his home. Losing his self-possession, he opened a window and fired a shot into the crowd, slightly wounding Sam- uel Gore, and mortally wounding Christopher Snider, the son of a widow living in Frog Lane. A crowd quickly gathered. The bell of Christ Church was rung, and soon all the bells were clanging. The excited people were ready to take summary vengeance, but the law took its course in Faneuil Hall, before the justices already named. On Sunday the ministers preached upon the homicide. On the day of Snider's funeral a vast crowd assembled at the Liberty tree, upon which were placards with Biblical mottoes : " Thou shalt not take satisfaction for the life of a murderer ; he shall surely be put to death." "Though hand join in hand, the wicked shall not go unpunished." The murdered boy's school-mates were his pall-bearers. The body was placed beneath the tree. Upon the pall were Latin inscriptions: " Latet anguis iu hcrba'' (A serpent is lurking in the grass) ; " Haeret latcris Icthalis arimdo" (The fatal dart has pierced his side); ^^ Inno- centia nusquani in tuto " (Innocence is nowhere safe). $6 Fane nil Hall. All the bells were tolling. Mothers and maidens along the street were weeping for the afflicted mother. Old men uncovered their heads and bared their snow- white locks to the wintry air. All business ceased. More than six hundred of the school-boys, the appren- tices, journeymen, magistrates, merchants, ministers, lawyers, physicians, honored citizens, — more than two thousand in all, followed in the funeral procession, to the Granary Burial-ground. The funeral was during the last week in February. On the following 5th of March occurred the "Boston Massacre." There can be little question that this mani- festation of the sympathies of the public on the day of the funeral had much to do with the firing of the troops upon the people a few days later. On the one hand it angered the soldiers, who, through idleness and lax dis- cipline, had come to regard the town's-peoplc with con- tempt, to treat them with contumely ; on the other, it emboldened the ropemakers, apprentices and journey- men to resist the aggressions of the red-coats. The historian who would get at the causes of the outbreak, or correctly portray the scene in front of this building on the night of the 5th of March, must go back to the scene in Faneuil Hall — the arraignment of Richardson ; and beyond that to the effigy in front of Theophilus Lillie's house, and from thence to the enactment of laws by Parliament, designed to prevent the Colonies from engaging in manufacturing and com- Faneuil Hall. 57 merce. On the day after the Massacre the people met in the Hall to demand the removal of the troops. The body of Attucks, one of the victims, was placed there, and there the funeral procession started. During the months between the passage of the Port bill, which closed the harbor to commerce, when not a fishing-boat could land, or a gundalow float down the Charles or Mystic with provisions for the distressed people ; when contributions of food were arriving from every one of the thirteen Colonies, the committee made their distribution from Faneuil Hall. We may think of Israel Putnam, a soldier who had fought for King George at Ticonderoga, driving a flock of sheep all the way from Connecticut to the market place around the Hall, holding conference with Maj. Small of the red- coats, his old companion in arms, dining with him at the Bunch of Grapes, and telling him some plain political truths, as they sip their Madeira. During the siege of Boston we may think of the Hall as transformed into a theatre, and the amateur drama- tists of the British regiments performing Gen. Bur- goyne's comedy, "The Siege of Boston." On its first presentation there was a scene not put down in the bills. The audience suddenly heard distant musket-shots, in- creasing to volleys, and doubtless wondered how the stage manager had produced the illusion. An officer appeared in haste upon the stage and shouted that the Yankees were making an attack. It was so natural that 58 Fane III I Hall. the officers in the audience pounded their applause with their swords, and the soldiers clapped their hands, think- ing it a part of the play. ''I tell you the Yankees are attacking us. Officers, to your regiments," shouted the man on the stage. The musketry increased, and the horizon in the direction of Charlestown was illuminated by burning buildings. The play had a sudden ending. The audacious Yankees from the regiments at Cobble Hill had crossed the mill-dam and attacked the outposts. During the summer of 1778 a French fieet, consisting of twelve ships of the line and four frigates, under D'Es- taing, arrived on the American coast with four thousand soldiers. After an abortive movement against New York the French commander entered Narraganset Bay, but sailed out again to give battle to the British. No engagement was had, and the fleet came to Boston to refit. In August John Hancock gave an elaborate en- tertainment to the officers in Faneuil Hall. Sentiments laudatory of the French King, Congress, Washington, the Army, and the Alliance of the two countries were drunk by the citizens, who expected great results from the coming of their allies, who, a few years before, had been their implacable foes. Again, on October 3, 1781, when the fleet under De Grasse entered the harbor, the merchants of Boston gave a sumptuous banquet in the I4all. From the newspapers of the time we learn that after the dinner seventeen regular toasts were given at mtervals of five Faneuil Hall. 59 minutes, each sentiment being accompanied by the dis- charge of a cannon in the square. One would suppose that glasses drained seventeen times in one hour and a quarter would tend to make a company of several hundred gentlemen somewhat hilarious ; but the news- papers assure us " that notwithstanding the largeness of the company the most perfect order and decorum was preserved throughout the whole," which shows that our fathers could not only contain seventeen glasses, but themselves as well. In 1784 a similar banquet was given by the Boston merchants in honor of Lafayette. As the patriotic toasts were given, a train of artillery under the com- mand of Major Davis fired salutes in Market Square, and during the festivities a portrait of Washington was unveiled amid great enthusiasm. In May, 1805, the building was enlarged to double its former size, for although the Hall was capable of holding a thousand people, it was found to be too small for the necessities of the town. The architect selected was Charles Bulfinch. The old wall on the southerly side was retained and carried higher, and the general style of the former building was closely followed, even to the pilasters on the walls and the grasshopper on the cupola, which had been carefully preserved through all its vicissitudes. The first notable banquet in the present Hall was that given September 5, 18 12, by the town, to Isaac Hull Go FcDicuil Hall. and the officers of the frigate Constitution, and those of the other war vessels in the harbor, and it commemorated an important event. The United States had been a nation just twenty-five years. The adoption of the Con- stitution bound the States together politically, but in sentiment the United States were hardly a nation. The people of the several States had no ardent love for the Union. Love of country — patriotism — the grand ideal which makes country superior to all other things — had not sprung up in the hearts of the people. The declaration of war with England was made on June 19, 1812. England had seized no less than 917 American merchant vessels ; France had seized 558 ; the loss to American merchants aggregated more than 1^70,000,000. England was impressing American seamen into her naval service. The people were becoming very angry, but they were divided in opinion. Some wanted to go to war both with England and France ; others with England only, and others still thought it better to submit in silence until the nation was stronger. England had more than one thousand ships afloat ; the United States twenty. England had swept the fleets of France from the ocean, and was mistress of the seas. It is not to be wondered at that John Bull regarded the insignificant navy of this country as of little account. The English press had disparaged the Yankee nation and the Yankee frigates. England's wooden walls were of the stoutest Faneuil Hall. 6i oak ; the Yankee war-ships were no better than pine boards. In August the frigate Constitution, having sent the Guerricre to the bottom of the sea, sailed into Boston harbor, joining the President, under Commodore Rodgers, the United States, commanded by Decatur, the Con- gress, commanded by Capt. Smith, the Hornet, by Law- rence, the Argus, by Sinclair. On Saturday, September 5, the citizens, five hundred in number, assembled at the Exchange Coffee House, and marched in procession to Faneuil Hall. The Presi- dent of the day was John Coffin Jones, with Samuel Dexter, Harrison Gray Otis, and other prominent citi- zens as Vice-presidents. The Hall was elaborately de- corated. The CJironiclc newspaper said : " A more pleasing and animating design and arrangement of ap- propriate decorations has never been exhibited in New England. The duties and hopes of Americans were most aptly concentrated in the various displays of Faith, Genius and Patriotism. It would require a plate with annotations to give a satisfactory view of the scenery." As in previous banquets, there were seventeen regu- lar sentiments. Just why that number should have been selected can only be surmised ; possibly experience had shown our fathers that that was a safe number of pota- tions. The Vice-president, taking the chair upon the retire- ment of the President, gave the following toast : " The 62 Fa7ienil Hall. iron colossus that bestrides the continent of Europe : may the nations no longer be blasted with its shadow." Just what was regarded as " the iron colossus " I can- not say ; it could hardly have been Napoleon ; England's power was on the sea, and she was not bestriding Europe, only as making her influence felt in diplomacy. Ex- President John Adams, too feeble to be present, sent the following sentiment : " May every Commodore in our Navy soon be made an Admiral, and every Captain a Commodore, with ships and squadrons worthy of their commanders, and of the wealth, dignity and power of this country. Proli dolor ! ProJi piidor!'" It was a joyful banquet. The victory won by Isaac Hull was a great, inspiring event. It aroused the latent patriotism of the country in a remarkable degree. Peo- ple began to comprehend that we were a nation with one flag, with a common destiny. Aside from the town-meetings and the dinners of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, there were no notable gatherings of historic interest for several years. Lafayette, upon his second visit to this country, was entertained at the Exchange Coffee House. On the completion of the dry dock at the Navy Yard, in 1835, President Jackson, accompanied by Secretary Cass, Secretary Levi Woodbury, and other members of his Cabinet, visited Boston and were entertained in the Hall. They went as far north as Concord, N. H. Of more historic interest than the visit of the President to Faneiiil Hall. ^^^ the Hall was a gathering, held a few weeks earlier, and largely attended by the merchants of Boston, to inform the world that they were opposed to any interference with the constitutional guarantees which protected the institution of slavery in the Southern States. On January i, 183 1, William Lloyd Garrison, after his forty-nine days' imprisonment in Baltimore jail for writing an article denouncing a ship-captain from his own town of Newburyport for taking a cargo of slaves to New Orleans, after an ineffectual effort to obtain any meeting-house in this city, had started The Liberator. In T833 the American Anti-Slavery Society was formed. It was the beginning of the agitation against an insti- tution incorporated into the Constitutions of half the States of the Union, protected by the Constitution of the United States, and defended by doctors of divin- ity as ordained by Almighty God for the welfare of society. The prejudice against the negro was intense through- out the Northern States. A negro might be a member of a church, but he could hear the gospel preached only from the negro pew, or the "nigger heaven," as the negro gallery in the Old South and in Christ Church was called. Even after the lapse of two-thirds of a century, I am not quite able satisfactorily to account for the prevailing sentiment of the time. The fear was general that if the slaves were to be liberated, they would all hasten North, 64 Fane nil Hall. and settle down upon this section of the country like a cloud of locusts ; that there would be intermarriage be- tween the races. " Do you want your daughter to marry a nigger ? " was a stock argument on the part of those opposed to the Abolitionists. The idea that the human race was a brotherhood had not dawned upon the Christian world, much less had it come to the gen- eral public. Fifteen years later, Rufus Choate spoke of the Declaration of Independence as a collection of glit- tering generalities. Garrison, Whittier, and their asso- ciates, planted themselves on the brotherhood of man. But the American people had to see a quarter of a million of their bravest and best lay down their lives on the battle-field before they could comprehend the unity of the human race. At Wagner, on that memorable Saturday night, July i8, 1863, when the Massachusetts 54th Regiment — men who had been sold on the auc- tion-blocks of Richmond, Charleston and Savannah — under their intrepid commander. Col. Robert G. Shaw, led their fellow-soldiers of the Anglo-Saxon race through the moat and up the glacis, facing the pitiless storm from the double-shotted Confederate cannon, then and there in the gloaming of that summer night, by their bravery, heroism and sacrifice, they who had no rights under the Constitution of the United States as declared by the Chief Justice of this Republic, compelled not only the people of this country but of the whole world to recognize them as brothers in the human family, and Faneuil Hall. 65 entitled to all the privileges vouchsafed by Almighty God to all His creatures. The meeting of those citizens of Boston in the "Cradle of Liberty," in 1835, to protest against any movement for the liberation of four millions of slaves, and that struggle on the glacis of Wagner twenty-eight years later, are two instructive scenes in the mighty drama, illustrating the advancement of the human race in its conception of the meaning of the loftiest Chris- tian ideal — the brotherhood of man, the fatherhood of God. At that meeting the Mayor presided, speeches were made, and resolutions adopted, denouncing this handful of men and women who had formed themselves into an Anti-Slavery Society to bring about the abolition of slavery by peaceful means. A few weeks later the ladies belonging to that So- ciety were not permitted to hold their meeting, and Garrison was mobbed. From this edifice he was hustled to jail by the authorities, to save him from the fury of the mob. It was the era of mob violence throughout the Northern States. We come to a historical evening in 1837. -^t Alton, Illinois, a mob had destroyed three printing-presses suc- cessively. A fourth had been obtained. Some of the citizens, not Abolitionists, feeling that a vital principle — the liberty of the press — was at stake, volunteered to defend it. The Mayor sanctioned their proceedings. A mob attacked the warehouse in which it was stored, 66 Faneuil Hall. and shot the Rev. E. T. Lovejoy. Some of the citizens of Boston petitioned the Mayor and Aldermen for the use of Faneuil Hall, to denounce this assault upon the freedom of the press, the Rev. Dr. Channing heading the petition, which at first was refused but subsequently granted. Several speeches had been made, the speakers dwel- ling upon the great principle involved, when the Attor- ney-General of the State, sitting in the front gallery, rose and said that the people of Alton had as much right to break Lovejoy's printing press and throw it into the river as the people of Boston had to throw the detested tea into the harbor, down by Griffin's wharf. His remarks were loudly applauded by a portion of the audience. When he had finished, a tall young man, a graduate of Harvard, who had studied law, but who had not had much practice, Wendell Phillips by name, walked up the steps to the platform and said : " When I heard the gentleman lay down principles placing the murderers, incendiaries and rioters of Alton side by side with Otis and Hancock, with Ouincy and Adams [pointing to their portraits], I thought those pictured lips would have broken into voice to rebuke the recreant American, the slanderer of the dead. The gentleman said that he should sink into insignificance if he dared to gainsay the principle of these Resolutions. Sir, for the senti- ments he has uttered, on soil consecrated by the prayers Famuil Hall. (>7 of Puritans and the blood of patriots, the earth should have yawned and swallowed him up ! " Attorney-General Austin has gone into insignificance, but Wendell Phillips still lives. During that year forty Sac and Fox Indians, Black Hawk and Black Hawk Junior, who had been at war with the United States, but who had become the guests of the Republic, visited Boston, and were entertained in the Hall. They returned the compliment by giving a war-dance on the Common. In 1840 steam connection was opened between Bos- ton and Liverpool, and the citizens gave a grand banquet to Mr. Cunard in recognition of his commercial enter- prise. The following year was signalized by the visit of the Prince de Joinville, of France, to Boston, and a grand ball was given in the Hall in his honor. The Mayor's wife had the honor of his hand in the first dance. It was an occasion when the crcmc de la crane of Boston hobnobbed with royalty. During 1842 two notable banquets were held in the Hall : the first, given to Lord Ashburton, the British Ambassador to settle the North-eastern boundary ; the second, to Daniel Webster, in recognition of his ser- vices as Secretary of State. Mr. Webster had been appointed Secretary by President Harrison, and con- tinued under Tyler, while the other members of the Cabinet, not liking Tyler's policy, resigned. The rela- 68 Fanenil Hall. tions between this country and England had been greatly strained. The Canadian Government had organized an expedition which seized a steamboat on Lake Eric, and sent it over Niagara Falls. It was in reality an act of war, which greatly inflamed the country. Mr. Webster, by his pacific poise and diplomacy, had done much to avert a conflict which seemed imminent between the two countries ; and the leading citizens, Harrison Gray Otis, Jeremiah Mason, Abbott Lawrence, and their asso- ciates, tendered him the banquet. The student of his- tory will find much to reflect upon in his speech delivered on that occasion. I cannot dwell upon the many assemblies of citizens in the Hall during the two decades preceding the out- break of the Civil war, — a period of intense political excitement, beginning with the annexation of Texas, the Mexican war, and the election of General Taylor as Pres- ident. In 1848 William H. Seward, then the rising statesman of the Empire State, and a tall, ungainly man with a homely countenance, a member of Con- gress but unknown to fame, Abraham Lincoln by name, made speeches in the Hall. The political mutations of that period were rapid and intense. The great Whig leaders of that hour, who greeted Seward and the un- couth lawyer on that platform, ten years later were their political opponents; while those who in 1848 were politically opposed to Seward and Lincoln became their staunch supporters. Faneuil Hall. 69 In 1848 Daniel Webster was welcomed by the most enthusiastic applause to its platform. In 1850 the doors of the Cradle of Liberty were closed against him by the Mayor and Aldermen. Subsequently they were opened, " On golden hinges turning," to use the glowing words of Rufus Choate. The most impressive of all the scenes ever witnessed in the Hall was that in Octo- ber, 1852, when it was draped in black upon the death of Webster ; and 1 know of no eulogistic oratory to be compared with that which fell from the lips of Edward Everett : — "Within that darkened chamber at Marshfield was witnessed a scene of which we shall not readily find a parallel. The serenity with which he stood in the pres- ence of the King of Terrors, without trepidation or flut- ter, for hours and days of expectation ; the thoughtful- ness for public business when the sands were so nearly run; the hospitable care for the reception of friends who came to Marshfield; that affectionate and solemn leave separately taken, name by name, of wife, children, and friends and family, down to the humblest member of his household ; the designation of the coming day, then near at hand, when all that was mortal of Daniel Webster would cease to exist ; the dimly recollected strains of the funeral poetry of Gray, the last flash of the soaring intellect ; the feebly murmured words of Holy Writ from the lips of the good physician, who, when all the resources of human art had been exhausted, had a drop of spiritual balm for the parting soul ; the clasped hands; the dying prayer: Oh, my fellow-citi- 70 Faneuil Hall. zens, that is a consummation over which the tears of pious sympathy will be shed ages after the glories of the forum and the Senate are forgotten. "» His sufferings ended with the day, Yet lived he at its close; And breathed the long, long night away In statue-like repose. But ere the sun, in all his state, Illum'd the eastern skies, He passed through glory's golden gate, And walked in Paradise.' " A volume would hardly sufifice to portray the many meetings in the Hall from 1850 to the present time; but among" those who have gathered upon its platform are names illustrious in the history of the Common- wealth and of the country. Of the period antedating and including the Revolution, and before the enlarge- ment of the Hall, are Samuel Adams, Joseph Warren, John Adams, Edmund Quincy, Generals Gage, Burgoyne, Clinton, Howe, Lafayette, and the distinguished officers of the French allies of the Colonists, already men- tioned. Among the prominent men of the following century were Isaac Hull, James Lawrence, whose dying words were " Don't give up the ship ; " Rodgers and his fellow officers ; Presidents Monroe, Jackson, Tyler, Polk and Lincoln. Of the statesmen who have shaped political affairs, Daniel Webster, William H. Seward, Edward Everett, Robert C. Winthrop, Charles Sumner, John A. Fmieuil Hall. 7' Andrew, Charles Francis Adams, Caleb dishing, Henry Wilson, James G. Blaine. Men whose oratory has thrilled applauding audiences : Wendell Phillips, Rufus Choate, George S. Hillard, Louis Kossuth. Men of the South : Howell Cobb, Jefferson Davis, John Slidell. Men whose souls were on fire : William Lloyd Garrison, William Ellery Channing, Theodore Parker. Its walls have echoed the notes of the " White Cock- ade," played by the fifers of King George's red-coated regiments, and the drum-beats of Washington's victorious troops. Yxova its portals went forth the men of Mid- dlesex and Essex, in obedience to the call of Abraham Lincoln, to maintain the authority of the Constitution. From the day when Schoolmaster Lovell pronounced his funeral oration on the generous giver, and onward through that century, it was the cradle of the infant Republic ; but from the day of its enlargement to the present hour it has been the palladium of Liberty ; and it is incumbent not only upon the City of Boston, but upon the Bostonian Society, to see to its preservation as the people's parliament-house, forever dedicated to Freedom ! iiiftiDWii^iiitiiin^illitilitiniiiii FANEUIL HALL JN 1760. From an old Wood-cut. BOSTON IN 1813, REMINISCENCES OF AN OLD SCHOOL-BOY BY JOHN TUCKER PRINCE. BOSTON IN 1813, Reminiscences of an Old School-Boy A PAPER READ TO THE BOSTOMAN SOCIETY, COUNCIL CHAMBER, OLD STATE HOUSE, FEBRUARY 12, 1884, BY JOHN TUCKER PRINCE. PROPOSE to give a few reminiscences of our City as it appeared to a school- boy seventy years ago. The great dram- atist says " Old men forget, and some remember with advantage." Let me en- deavor to do so, and recall my memories of that distant day. Seventy years ago carries us back to 1813, when I was a pupil in the old "West Writing School," in Chardon's Lane, now Chardon street, under the tuition of Masters Benjamin Holt in writing, and Joseph Mulli- ken in grammar. At that period there were but four Public Schools in Boston (besides the Latin School), and they were designated by their local position thus : •j^ Boston in iSlJ. The North, under "Johnny" Tilcston, as the boys called him, Writing Master, and Ezekiel Little Grammar Mas- ter, was in Love Lane at the North End, now called Tileston street in compliment to that ancient and de- voted teacher ; the South, in Common street, under Master Thomas Payson Grammar Master, and Rufus Webb Writing Master, on a portion of the land now occupied by the Brimmer School and its yard ; the Cen- tre School, in charge of Jonathan Snelling Writing Mas- ter,* and John Haskell Grammar Master, occupying first a portion of the Latin School-house on School street, of which William Biglow was Master, and subsequently the new building on Mason street; and the West School, which I attended. Of all these venerable structures, but one alone remains, the last mentioned, and that has been ignominiously converted into a club stable. Seventy years ago ! Even at that remote period Bos- ton, though only a town, was like Tarsus of old, "no mean city," boasting as it did a population of upwards of 33,000. Sitting queen-like on her three hills, she looked down from her dome-capped capitol upon a har- bor and bay unsurpassed for beauty and maritime facil- ities, and a surrounding series of suburbs rich in stately residences, and farms teeming with the fruits of the earth ; her glance fell upon a homogeneous population. * Jonathan Snelling was long employed in the Boston schools as a Writing Master, having served in the I^ublic Latin School in that capac- ity from 1830 until his death, which occurred January 31, 1847. Reminiscences of an Old School-Boy. yy for no influx of foreigners had then entered her gates, bringing with them their griefs and prejudices. Three-score and ten years ago, Boston's pride, her noble " Common," was what it purported to be, common land held in fee simple by the bovine race, and upon its green sward they "chewed the cud of sweet and bitter fancy," or "stood ruminant," adding to the beauty of the landscape. The walks were simple foot-paths worn in the sod by repeated crossing, no one of which was as wide as the narrowest plank-walk of to-day. There were no trees on the Common proper but the Great Elm, and a gnarly pollard willow, which overhung the Frog-pond at an angle of forty-five degrees, beneath whose scant shade the cows would stand knee-deep, and ever and anon kick up a shower of muddy, fly-disturbing water. Several young elms bordered the walk crossing from the Burying-ground to Tremont street, and these made the entire number, both on the Common and the added por- tion purchased from the Fo.stcr family. Along the Mall on Tremont street, there were rows of English elms. The Frog-pond was literally what its name denotes, uncurbed, with shelving shores, and believed by the youngsters of the period to be unfathomable ; nay, it was even asserted by some of the wiser boys that a frigate might float therein ! " Soon as the evening shades prevailed " the lady frogs set forth their melo- dious ditties, and their lovers replied with responsive croakings. 78 Boston in l8l^^. Flagstaff Hill, then as now, reared its head above the deep waters of the Pond, but then it was crowned with the redoubt thrown up by Earl Percy's troops during the British occupation of the town, as a " retort courte- ous " to Gen. Washington's batteries which lined the opposite shores of the Charles. In the very centre of that redoubt, which was levelled about fifty or sixty years ago, stands the beautiful Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. It was rare sport for the children to race up and down those Revolutionary earthworks. Our State House on Beacon Hill, with its golden dome, was then just half its present [1884] size, having a large paved yard in its rear, with the necessary out- buildings and well ; on this yard the added half was built at quite a recent period. At the time of which I speak its pavements reared an abundant crop of the weed known as green purslane, which would have sup- plied the tables for a regiment of Englishmen, and the place was a favorite resort for boys, particularly thirsty ones, — and who ever saw a playing boy who was not thirsty when a pump was in view .'' The well was a hundred feet deep, and yielded from its double-handled pump, into its chained copper can, a deliciously cool draft of pure "Adam's ale." But oh, how hard it was to get it to the surface, even with two at the brakes, which were shaped like the letter Y. The Doric Hall was approached from this back-yard by three ilights of stone steps ; and no obstruction at Reminiscences of an Old School-Boy. 79 that day impeded the view from its doors across the Charles to Charlestown. About this time Mount Ver- non street was dug down (as is well delineated in the series of colored lithographic views in the Bostonian Society's collection) to about eight or ten feet below the original grade ; for a while this left the sidewalk, the State House yard, and its out-buildings and pump, perched up above the street. Of course, in thus re- ducing the grade, that of the neighboring territory had to conform ; and the crown of Middlecot (now Bowdoin) street was made to succumb to the new level. Curiously, however, the owner of the house which stood opposite what was later known as Beacon-hill Place, and next north of the Swedenborgian Church, did not dig his cellar down to the grade of the street, but merely under- pinned his front wall, and removed only just enough of the earth to admit of a flight of stairs, ascending which, from his front door, you landed on his cellar floor, and the blinds of the windows of the lower story, if opened, would swing against a bank of the original hill-top. In 1 81 3 the Malls were separated from the Common, and the cows were shut out from them by rude fences of post and rail ; a slot was sawed out from the top of the post in the form of the letter V, into which was in- serted, corner-wise, a square joist, its sharp corner up- wards of course, and how hard it was, in the intervals of play, to attempt to rest by bestriding this rail ! It was 8o Boston in l8l^. like riding an antique farm-horse bareback. In later years several better styles of fence were substituted until, in 1836, Hon. Samuel T. Armstrong", then Mayor of Boston, had the present iron one erected, under the supervision of good old Deacon Safford, of the Old South Church. It was completed Dec. 16, 1836, and the inner fences removed. How few, if any, of the present generation of Boston boys ever even heard of " the Wishing Stone," a famous boulder which afforded so much pleasure to the young men and maidens of the past. This was a large rock, oval in form, partly imbedded in the earth, about or very near the junction of the "Long path" of the Autocrat of the Breakfast Table, with that from Winter street, near the Joy street entrance to the Common. It had been cleft in some ancient convulsion, and was covered with a coating of moss and lichens ; here it had lain from time immemorial, and round its patriarchal sides every lad and lass who visited the Common was ex- pected to run nine times, — mark you, nine times, or the charm would fail to have any potency, — and then, jumping on its venerable top, wish for what they would ; and it never failed to supply the secret desire — except rv]icn it failed ! And this source of so much innocent pleasure was by vandal hands and "villanous saltpetre" riven from its native bed and carted off ! What private griefs they had, which made them do it, alas, I know not. Reminiscemes of an Old School-Boy. 8i In this year Monsieur Duchesne, a very ingenious Frenchman driven from his native land because of his political opinions, and bereft of his property, came to Boston, and as a means of support carved from little blocks of wood minute fac-similes of all the buildings in the town, colored them, and placed them in position on a properly graded ground, and first exhibited them to an admiring public on Berry street ; but misfortune fol- lowed him, and after years of travel it was found in a dilapidated condition in the West Indies, where it was bought by a Bostonian, brought back to our city, and I believe is still in existence, though by one account it is said to have been destroyed in the great fire of Novem- ber, 1872. Sometime between 1812 and 181 5, or thereabouts, Pinckney street was dug through the further slope of Beacon Hill, leaving on either side a bank of about forty feet in height, adown which it was our pleasure to descend on the run, preserving our perpendicular by fixing our heels firmly in the earthy bluff. The tops of the hills, which were not at once removed, were crowned with a carpet of green turf, and from their grassy steeps the boys could, and did, pelt each other across the underlying street between them. Below them was open pasture land, strewn with huge boulders, and the weed stramonium, or "Devil's Apple," throve lux- uriously. It was a mystery to wiser heads than ours how it came there. Here was land that had lain for 82 Boston in l8l^. ages under a coating of from ten to forty feet of super- incumbent earth, immediately after being exposed to the influences of sun and air by the shovels of the diggers, bringing forth a large crop of this hitherto unknown and unseemly weed, now extinct in that vicinity. Here, too, were the springs of pure water, which afforded William Blackstone, the first settler, whose cottage stood near the shore just below, that copious supply which induced those of Charlestown to accept his invitation to settle on the peninsula. In 1813 these springs were running as freely as of old, yielding the sable laundresses of that neighborhood an unfailing sup- ply for home consumption, and filling their sunken barrels for domestic use. Just below, on what is now West Cedar street, then called George street, were two brick barns, in which the Concord Artillery were barracked, having come to town to assist in building Fort Strong on Noddle's Island. Imagine the surprise of one of our citizens on some sharp, frosty morning, if he should go into Bowdoin Square, now surrounded by the Revere House, the Bap- tist Church, and other modern structures, its surface cut up by iron rails, and find it filled with country sleds, laden with well-deaconed firewood, or barrels of sweet cider bunged with well-whittled plugs wound with barley- straw ; the hungry oxen munching their corn-stalk feed, and sending forth from their hides clouds of steaming sweat, the crisp winter air fast converting it into a Rcininiscciices of an Old School-Boy. 83 blanket of rime, not so comfortable as the modern one of wool. Imagine, I say, such a sight as this, meeting a citizen of to-day. Yet that was a thing of daily occur- rence in the winter time in those days. But alas, even then, the joys of the rural farmers were of short dura- tion, for the constables, " clothed in a little brief author- ity," would drive the suburbans and their loads of wood and cider to the wood market beneath the Paddock elms beside the old Granary Burial-ground. There was then no Tremont House, or Temple, to dispute their posses- sion, and the clutter of corn-stalks. But that cider was a boon, when our fathers laid in their winter store, and we boys imbibed it drawn through well-selected barley- straws, choosing of course the sweetest ; and when refined and bottled, it well deserved the praise that old Mr. Perrin May used to give to his, when he sent it to the sick, with the message, "Tell him it is like nectar." At the time of which I am speaking we were in the midst of a war with the greatest maritime nation on the globe ; a nation whose poet boasted that " Britannia needs no bulwarks, no towers along the steep ; Her march is on the mountain wave ; her home is on the deep." She had just come out of a conflict with powerful Continental rivals, and was blockading our coast with her magnificent navy, manned with well-trained sailors, threatening our ports, and marauding the villages along 84 Boston in l8lj. our shores. Our mercantile marine lay idle at our wharves, and the harbor was lined with fine ships and brigs, stripped to a girtline, their spars housed on deck, their lower mast-heads covered with boxes, and their decks roofed in or matted over ; there they lay, poor, dumb representatives of a decayed commerce, along Charles street, Cambridge bridge, Front street (now Harrison avenue), anywhere, to save wharfage and dock dues. Squads of militia were daily coming into town to help build the forts, or defend them, and daily re- ports of intended attacks kept our people on the " anx- ious seat," and devising signals for night and day, to keep the fighters posted on the plans of the enemy. Caleb Strong was then, and had been for several years, the Governor.* His headquarters were in a beau- tiful, large, square house occupying all the ground be- tween Winter street and Hamilton place, having a garden around it laid out in true English style, with box-bordered beds of lovely flowers, and surrounded by a brick wall about three feet high. It had been occu- pied by Earl Percy, in the Revolution, as his headquar- ters, being in near proximity to the Royal Governor's quarters at the old Province House, and those of his principal officers about where the Music Hall stands, and not far from the building where we are met to-day. It had been built by Mr. Breck, a thriving merchant ; * He served 1800-1807 and again 1812-16. Reminiscences of an Old School-Boy. 85 appropriated by the British General until he was forced to evacuate the old town, it was now used by his popular successor. The politics of the day ran high, and the papers teemed with bitter invectives, equalled only by those of the renowned editors of " Eatanswill " fame, described by Dickens. But the war went on for " Free trade and sailors' rights." During this exciting period my parents lived in Myrtle street, the house facing down Garden street, about a good stone's throw from the State House, and as family after family of our neighbors moved to the suburban towns to escape the advent of the red-coated troops and save their "worldly gear," boylike, I questioned my father as to his doing likewise, and his comforting reply was, " As soon as they get up as far as the State House we'll start too." At that time all the houses on Myrtle street had flat roofs, covered with tar and gravel, and quite a journey east and west could be enjoyed upon them, by leaping the battlement walls. It was from the roof of our house that I saw the launch, from the Navy Yard ship-house, of the first United States line-of -battle ship, "Indepen- dence." Two unsuccessful attempts were made, at the second of which she emerged about one-third of her length and stuck fast ; but a few days later she slid gracefully into her element, amid the cheers of a great multitude. Many years after, when " three deckers " had had their day, she was " razeed " and became a frigate. But the iron-clads of the present day would 86 Boston in iS/J. make short work of one of those vessels which won the victories of the War of 1812. An(jther peculiarity of that period, ere railroads were even dreamed of, was the arrival of the country "pungs," which brought the produce of New Hampshire, Vermont, and before the war even of Canada, to Boston markets. They came laden with barrels of ball-butter, cheese, frozen geese and turkeys, farm-fed pork, knit mittens and underwear, hose, " Shaker " flannels, etc. ; these were either scid for cash, or bartered for West India or dry goods at the stores on Cambridge street, or down town, in exchange for a homeward bound cargo. There are three Boston characters of 1813 to 18 16, which have become obsolete: — the oysterman, the lob- stcrman, and the lamplighter. Of these, the first sallied forth with his well-filled bag, " soon as the evening shades prevailed," and with sonorous voice ]jitchcd in a minor key, yet musical withal, sent out his cry of "Oisc, buy-ni'-oise : here's oise." As he marched along the streets, here and there a door would open, a large tray brought out or the brawny son of Cape Cod called in, and knife in hand he would deftly open and deposit upon the tray the toothsome bivalves resting on the half- shell, as desired. The lobsterman also, with his nicely painted barrow, always red within and blue without, walked his evening rounds like the watchman. His cry of " Lob, buy Lob," stirred up an appetite, and the maids were sent out to select and purchase the scarlet- Reminiscences of an Old School-Boy. 87 coated shellfish. These calls no longer wake the echoes of Boston streets in the long winter evenings. The lamplighter, with torch in hand and ladder on shoulder, survived his companions for a time. His torch was mighty. Imagine a tin can holding about a quart of whale-oil, from which projects a tin pipe of one to two inches in diameter and fifteen inches or more in length ; its aperture crowded with a wick of cotton yarn ; this can, which had a handle, was carried with the pipe downward, thus allowing the oil to saturate the wick; when lighted, it produced abundant smoke, and a flame which the wind could not extinguish ; the oil often drip- ped on the sidewalk, and then the torch would be raised for a while, to save leakage. The lamps, open tin cups or boxes with three wicks, were hung by wires in the lanterns which surmounted posts of stone or iron. Near the top of these posts was a projecting arm, against which the lighter placed his ladder, and ascended to apply his torch and light the lamps ; then clasping his knees around the sides of his ladder, he slid swiftly down, a feat made easy by the lubrication to which ladder and clothing were constantly subjected. You can readily imagine the brilliant illumination these lamps supplied as compared with gas ! When morning dawned they had usually burned out, leaving the lantern covered with soot, and necessitating a daily visit of the lamp- lighter to cleanse the glass and refill the cups. On the nights when the full moon was shining, or ought 88 Boston in l8l^. to be, his task was light, whether the streets were or not. What a curious thing it was that our Puritanical an- cestors allowed money to be raised for almost every object, charitable, educational, and philanthropical, by the more recently denounced method of lotteries. When Faneuil Hall was to be rebuilt, after its partial destruc- tion by fire, a large part of the needed funds was raised by the sale of lottery tickets, some of which bore the well-known signature of John Hancock ; and a scrupu- lous person of to-day would blush to see how often men of note and prominence lent their names and aid to forward these hazardous investments. The daily news- papers of 1812 to '15 or 'i8 teem with advertisements of the different lotteries to be drawn. Exchange street seemed to be the chosen abode of the sellers of these tickets. I could, but I shall not, name many firms and individuals engaged in this traffic, and thought none the less of therefor. Their signs were gorgeous. I remember one in particular, on that street, the dimensions of which must have been at least eight by ten feet, and represented the fickle goddess, with bandaged eyes, holding a cornucopia from which she was pouring coin to her suppliants, as she stood upon the periphery of a wheel. As a work of art, it was above the medium. To those of you who have ever lived in a beleaguered town or city, the feelings of the people of the block- Reminiscences of an Old School-Boy. 89 aded port of I3oston can be appreciated. Here we were, a sort of "pent-up Utica," excited and expectant; our shipping, as I have said, stripped and rotting at our wharves ; our town filled with riotous foreign sailors, mostly Portuguese, to whom the saucy boys would cry " Cariboo ! me rompy you ! " and run from the threat- ened brickbat. Everything denoted war and its con- sequences ; and the anxiety of the fathers was not lost upon the sons, who hungered for news. Well do I remember the Blue Sunday on which came word of the capture, almost in our harbor, of the beautiful frigate "Chesapeake," which I had visited with my father a few days before. Captain James Lawrence, her commander, was mortally wounded in that action. Never since, until Sumter was fired upon in 1861, have I seen the like. In June, 1812, a pageant was enacted just below the window in the Council Chamber which looks down State street ; it was my fortune to see it from one of those little round windows in the room above. Boston's favorite ship, built and launched from Hart's ship-yard, about where the East Boston Ferry slip is now situated, the frigate "Constitution," lovingly christened "Old Ironsides," under command of Capt. Isaac Hull, had captured and destroyed King George's frigate " Guer- riere," Capt. James R. Dacres, and arrived in our harbor with her prisoners. The pageant was the procession of the victorious Hull and his gallant crew up Long Wharf go Boston in l8lj. and State street, to participate in a banquet at the Ex- change Coffee House, which then stood just opposite on the south. In digging through the westerly side of Beacon Hill, while constructing Pinckney street, to which I have al- ready referred, many huge rocks or boulders were un- covered, and were left for a while on the hillsides ; these the vivid imagination of the boys of the neighborhood transformed into privateers, chalking upon them the names of some of the popular and successful vessels of that class — "The Saucy Jack," "The True Blue Yan- kee," "The Romp," etc., and holding them as "coigns of vantage," used their protection to fight mimic battles, stony ammunition being very plentiful ; literally, these were " towers along the steep." The United States army at this time consisted of only 35,000 men, and with this small force it was seriously proposed to invade Canada, whose local troops and mili- tia were backed by reinforcements of veterans fresh from the Peninsular War, where they had fought under Sir John Moore and Wellington against the French. Mean- while our sage legislators at Washington were wrangling over a call for an increase of the army, by 25,000 more men. As Governor Strong had refused to allow our Mass- achusetts militia to leave the State, it was necessary to call for volunteers to guard the frontier, and the " Bar- racks " on Cambridge street, a long, low range of build- Rcminiscaices of an Old School-Boy . gi ings about opposite Parkman's Market House, afterwards and for many years an organ factory, and still standing on the corner of North Grove street, was the recruiting station. From this the recruiting sergeant with drum- mer and fifer marched forth, tossing up Spanish dollars to fall on the drum-head, and crying loudly as a tempta- tion to the gaping multitudes, " If any young man shall want to enlist. I'll give him a dollar right in his fist. Fall in, gentlemen, fall in." As the number of volunteers increased, he would march them back to the Barracks, to sign, as they said, their death warrant, and don the uniform of a soldier. October 25, 1812, the frigate "United States," under Captain Stephen Decatur, fought and captured the Brit- ish frigate " Macedonian ; " in December the " Constitu- tion," under Commodore William Bainbridge, won new laurels by destroying the "Java " off the coast of Brazil. In September, 18 13, the people were again gladdened by the news of the capture of the British vessel " The Boxer," off Portsmouth, by "The Enterprise," under Lieutenant William Burrows. These victories were duly repeated by the boys from their boulders, where now are Louisburg square, West Cedar and Mount Vernon streets. The blockade of our coast from Maine to Louisiana, proclaimed by the British King, was enforced by a large 92 Boston in l8lj. fleet of line-of-battle ships, frigates, and smaller vessels, under Admirals Sir George Cockburn and Sir John liorlasse Warren ; the latter ofificer was very attentive to our good town, with the frigates "Belvidera," "Tenedos," " Shannon," and other craft, and was continually raiding the villages of our bay by boat expeditions, which landed parties on the coast demanding cattle, water, and stores of various kinds with more or less success, thus of course keeping up the anxiety of our people. The boys of Boston were not stolid, but fed their patriotic fervor by frequent visits to the wharves to see an occasional privateer, returned from a successful cruise, with her long, midship eighteen or twenty-four- pounder gun, her raking masts, her beautiful lines, and her active crew, ready for a start to outsail the more cumbrous blockaders ; occasionally the youngsters visited Copp's Hill, to view the work at the Navy Yard across the river, and listen to the " clink of hammers, closing rivets up, and giving dreadful note of preparation." The United States Marshal's auction sales of prize goods were also a frequent source of amusement. At the corner of Mount Vernon and Hancock streets stood a three-story brick house, belonging, I think, to the State, and occupied by "Old Tower," the janitor of the State House ; he had a son, inclined to imbibe, and when under the influence of liquor a perfect savage, — "Wolf Tower" he was called, I know not why, but when in his cups, the boys would irritate him by crying Reminiscences of an Old School-Boy. 93 "Wolf, kill a bear," and woe betide the luckless urchin who fell into his hands. Below this house was a long- row of wooden sheds where the suburban legislators stabled their horses and vehicles ; then came another three-story brick house, occupied by Jacob Kuhn, who for a long period served the State as Sergeant-at-arms. In the rear of this was what was left of Beacon Hill ; Temple street had not then been dug down, but termi- nated at Derne street. Localities were denoted by blocks of buildings. Thus North Row was the brick block in Ann street, near Lewis street ; South Row was that owned by the Old South Society on Washington street, at the foot of School street ; and West Row in Court street, between Stoddard street and Bowdoin square. Others again de- noted their places of business by carved figures project- ing from their store-fronts ; thus Waterston & Pray were at the sign of the Leopard, in Union street ; Dr. Ephraim Eliot, an apothecary, at St. Luke's Head, 7 Middle, now Hanover street ; Joseph Powell, a druggist, at the sign of the Lion and Mortar, Cambridge street ; William Wyman, leather-dresser, at the sign of the Deer and Glove, 50 Orange, now Washington, near Hollis street ; " The Great Key " was a well-known sign in Ann street ; and Thomas Hughes, the hatter, showed the Cocked Hat, at 72 Cornhill, now Washington, opposite Water street. A few of these old carved signs have come down to us. Two of the clusters which once decorated the 94 Boston in l8lj. Bunch of Grapes Tavern on King, now State street, have been preserved by the Freemasons, whose dinners were often held in that hostelry. The carved and gilded figure of Mercury, now owned by the Bostonian Society, and standing in this Council Chamber, is perhaps quite as ancient as are those. For fifty years it adorned the front of Mayor Frederick W. Lincoln's store in Com- mercial street, and tradition says it was a familiar sight above the Provincial Post office as long ago as 1750. Admiral Vernon in cocked hat, blue coat and ruffled shirt, with his red waistcoat and small clothes, still holds his quadrant on the corner of State and Broad streets.* This, it is said, was the work of Shem Drowne, who made the grasshopper vane on old Faneuil Hall. As late as 1828 the famous Green Dragon looked fiercely forth from a corner of the ancient tavern where Revere and his companions planned rebellion. The last of these carved signs of a former century that I shall mention is the Bell-in-Hand, which dates from 1795, and after va- rious vicissitudes is now upheld in Williams court. The attractions of the sailors' boarding-houses in Ann and Ship streets, now North street, were no less quaintly set forth on painted signs : — " Brother Sailor, please to stop And lend a hand to strap this block." * This tigure is now (1906) in llie window of Samuel Thaxter & Son, 35 Central street. — /'no. Com. Reminiscences of an Old School-Boy. 95 Or on another not far away : — '• This is the tree that never grew : This is the bird that never flew : This is the ship that never sailed, And this the can that never failed." It would puzzle an antiquary, perhaps, to expound the meaning of some of these enigmatic rhymes, but Jack and his companions needed no interpreter to tell them of the spiritual comfort they offered. A tobacco-shop had this motto : — " We tliree unite in one cause : The one snuffs ; the next smokes ; The third chaws." A grocer displayed a radiant sun over his door, with the assurance that he had " The best groceries under the sun." Many of these also had a carved or painted device like those I have mentioned, which harmonized with the verses on the sign beneath. At this time India street had not been filled in, al- though the stores were built ; and to get from Long to India Wharf it was necessary to cross on a wooden plat- form, about four or five feet wide, in front of the stores. Central Wharf was not built, but between Long and India wharves were "island wharves," built of cob-work filled in with stone, on which were sheds for the storage of lime, plaster, and grindstones ; these structures were only approachable by boats. 96 Boston in 1813. The number of master-mariners and mates out of em- ploy because of the blockade, gave rise to the formation, in 1 8 14, of an organization combining charitable pur- poses with a readiness to respond to a call for military service, which was called " The Sea Fencibles." They were armed with cutlasses and boarding-pikes, and with iron eighteen or twenty-four pounder cannon, and their caissons ; their uniform was a tarpaulin hat, blue short jacket and trousers to match, and as they paraded with the rolling gait of the sailor, were the favorites of the Bostonians. Their gun-house was not far from the old Providence depot, and near the burying-ground at the foot of the Common ; their target practice at City Point, South Boston, I often attended with my elder brothers. Had these stalwart sailors been called on for active duty, they would no doubt have proved formidable adversaries. Capt. Nehemiah W. Skillings was their first commander, and he was succeeded by many well-known master- mariners. They held together until returning peace took the bone and sinew of their organization to sea, and like a fire they finally expired for lack of fuel. Another famous military company, which was organ- ized in the autumn of 18 12, was the "New England Guards." It was composed of some of the best citizens of Boston, and always maintained its high character for discipline and efficiency. Its first captain was Samuel Swelt ; George Sullivan was lieutenant, and Lemuel Blake ensitrn. In the ranks were enrolled such men as Reminiscemes of an Old School-Boy . 97 Abbott Lawrence, Moses Grant, Jeffrey Richardson, James Dalton, and others of like standing in the com- munity. Their uniform consisted of a double-breasted coat of dark blue, adorned with large gilt buttons, a white waistcoat, pantaloons of a lighter shade of blue than the coat, and high boots with black tassels ; they wore a round hat with a black cockade of leather, having a golden eagle on its centre. For this company the Board of War ordered a complete battery of six-pounder brass cannon to be cast and mounted. Two of these old pieces are still preserved in the Representatives' Hall at the other end of this building. On its first parade the company turned out with fifty- six men, and marched from Faneuil Hall through State street, Washington and Winter streets, to the residence of Gen. Arnold Welles, on Park street. He had formerly been a commander of the Cadets, and was always a warm friend and adviser of the Guards ; on this occa- sion he presented them with a fine silk standard on which was inscribed the motto of the corps, "Our Na- tion's Honor the Bond of Union." He accompanied his elegant gift with a stirring address, in which he empha- sized the significance of this motto. During the war they were often called on for duty at Fort Strong, on Noddle's Island, and elsewhere in the defences about the harbor. When the Civil War broke out in 1861, Governor Andrew ordered them into service to garrison Fort 98 Boston in l8lj. Independence, and they responded with about one hun- dred and fifty men, with the famous " Dan Simpson " as their drummer, to whose music they had marched nearly half a century before. More than two-thirds of their number went into active service in the Union Army, and their last commander. Gen. Thomas G. Stevenson, fell in one of the battles of the Wilderness. His body was brought home for burial, and Boylston Hall, the armory of the corps, was draped in mourning. Many officers of the Second, including its Colonel, George H. Gordon — then commander of the Guards — the Twen- tieth, the Twenty-fourth and the Forty-fourth Regiments (the last two recruited under the auspices of the Guards and styled "New England Guard l^egiments "), were drawn from its ranks. The company was so reduced by these constant calls and by the departure for the front of so many of its active members, that it was finally disbanded. It is safe to say that no other military organization in the State has had so fine a record. But to return for a moment to its early days. It was the custom in those troublous times, when the company was out for drill in artillery practice, to march to the knoll at the end of the present parade-ground on the Common, place their guns and fire at a floating target set up in the Back Bay, about where Berkeley or Clar- endon streets now are. The balls flew across Charles street, and in after years, when the water had been excluded from what had then become the " empty Rcminiscoices of an Old School-Boy. 99 basin," the boys occasionally visited the flats to ex- hume six-pound shot. During the visit of Gen. Lafay- ette to Boston, in 1824, the company paraded under Capt. Edward G. Loring, who had recently succeeded Capt. Franklin Dexter, and again took its guns to the Common. Lafayette was with them, and a shot which he aimed and fired from the hill, struck the bull's eye of their target. At the fiftieth anniversary dinner of the corps, in October, 1862, Capt. William H. Gardiner, a former commander of the company, gave a vivacious ac- count of that famous hit. Other commanders of this splendid corps were George Tyler Bigelow, afterwards Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, J. Putnam Bradlee, George W. Lyman and Harrison Ritchie. I spoke just now of the frigate "United States." Al- though of a beautiful model, she was so slow that she was dubbed "The Old Basket," or by some of her crew, "The Old Wagoner," and she was therefore avoided by naval commanders, in spite of her glorious record. But when Capt. Percival was put in command, " Mad Jack " as he was called, he took out of her, contrary to orders, about two hundred tons of kentledge, changing her trim, and she became the fastest ship in the navy. How few Bostonians whose memories run back to the days of which I am speaking are aware of the existence of the "Prison Ship" in our harbor; but from my fre- quent visits on board of her, with my father, who was then United States Marshal, I can give an account of 100 Boston in l8lj. her and her whereabouts. She was the sparless hull of a large ship, fenced above her bulwarks with wooden pickets, a marine guard pacing her deck, and well filled with the tars of the "fast-anchored isle," taken as pris- oners of war by our naval vessels and privateers, who were held there waiting to be exchanged. Why did they not desert .? Well, they knew better than to do so foolish a thing. Here they led an easy life, and lived " on the fat of the land," faring better than they had ever dreamed of. They "laughed and grew fat;" the Winchesters furnished such beef as had never passed their lips before, while Howe and Veazie, the cracker- bakers of that day, gave them their " daily bread," such as was eaten by our "upper ten." Try to run away.? Not a bit of it ; for here they read, and sang, and danced, and rigged their miniature vessels, and carved their beef-bone ornaments, or chains of wooden links, " happy as clams at high water." My father used to tell the story of the auction sale of the cargo (jf a British prize ship ; when her ship- stores were put up, Zeph. Spurr, a gigantic and popular truckman of the day, purchased several barrels of ship- bread, wherewith to feed his horses ; but they, with true Yankee pluck, utterly refused to taste it ! Is it any wonder, then, that they who fared sumptuously on board the Prison Ship should prefer her rations to those of King George's navy } Perhaps you will ask, " Where was this model ship kept } " She lay moored at the Reminiscences of an Old School-Boy. lOi end of the Causeway, near Charlcstovvn bridge ; a plank walk from Pond, now Endicott street, enabled visitors to go on board. And all this went on while our tars were being impressed into the British navy, under the inso- lent pretence that they were Englishmen, and forced to fight against their own flag, or were held in captivity in Dartmouth and Melville Island prisons, and scantily furnished with food fit only for swine. Such is war. SUBSCRIPTION LIST FOR BUILDING THE FIRST TOWN HOUSE BY WALTER KENDALL WATKINS. 4^ ^i4.&t^\z^ a. -irr-nm^ fJuU ','4<}'J iJ^i^ /.v^ -f-ZToO^ ^ c[^r>T<*Jt> -— "^ 10— — 1?^ oe T-^ L^ >rt!4y' ^^-y^^^^'^^^c ~^^— ^^jr^^ / . lO^^cx — eo ,y. ■ — {ycF^ V '/l" '?*■ ;:^ .-^ ^^^ /^ ^H^^- _-. " o ^ lo- c? -G O — tP C-^i) ^^^ __ ot — -e>o — 1> c CO— y —^^ / -T' —tP ^*^^.^-^-«.^ <^/r/'^ o f^ —jr^ ac^ ^»^U U^W ^^**;^ k^/'^'r^ — — 0:3^ — or. ^o^ ^ .^d.Mi4*^m<^ — - — — oj . c^ . ^c >2 r C^~v ,' .uO f '/o --^ 1 -<3 — to- V — flo ^j^-x^ ^TZJ^r^^i ^^^^^^<^ ~-^— - y' -J r:k^r^ cj2_- — d-c ■ — -^^ ^^-'^M- 'i^'A-r- ^^^r^^y^ . ,^-.^/t, Vav-Af '.•■HirHc- ,f^^t^^'i^'T^~ - W-f_/, 'dO -<2. ^-^^^Bk. y^Jffi^ ^.„^/«/>»t. ;.*< AH ^*2iii.^7r^«t^A (7^ .• ^<:^ .- ^z:;) " ^" - - - " ^- ^>— .^r-T. t ' , ^ /- _ J^ OO CO — ^j; SUBSCRIPTION LIST FOR BUILDING THE FIRST TOWN HOUSE A PAPER PREPARED FOR THE BOSTOMAN SOCIETY BY WALTER KENDALL WATKINS. jHE early meetings of the Massachusetts Bay Company in England, were held at the house of the Governor in St. Swith- in's Lane, London, or at the dwellings of other of the head men. After the trans- fer of the Patent and Government of the Company to New England, in 1629/30, the earliest meetings in Bos- ton were at the mansion of Governor Winthrop on the site of the Exchange Building.* In the house of others of the principal men, gatherings of the townsmen were * Matthew Cradock, Governor of the Massachusetts Company in England, and one of its most generous benefactors, did not come to this countr}'. io6 Subscription List. also held until the compietion of the First Church, on the Brazer's Building site. \Mien a larger building was needed for Church and State, a church was built on the Rogers Building site. In the earliest days of the town, no one was more interested in its welfare than Captain Robert Keayne, which is eN-idenced by his voluminous viill by which the town benefited largely. An item in this will refers to the desirability of a house to be used by the Town and Countn.- Government, and shared bv the Artillerv Com- pany.* v>-ith conveniences for a market and conduit near by. To meet this a bequest of three hundred pounds in m ere h-an table pay was made by the testator. Captain Kea\-ne died 23 March, 1655 6, and was buried on the north side of the KLng's Chapel Burial Ground. On 29 December, 1656, the Selectmen or ToviTi's Commissioners took notice of his bequest and agreed to consider it a: their next meeting, which came on 25 Januan.-. 1656 7. v,-hich they did. * Ths " Anrien: ar.d Honorable Ardlierr," the oldesi miiiiar}- organ- ization in the counin-. was chanered March 13. 1638, as "The Idilitar}' Companv of the Massachusetts." In 1657 it was commonly known as "the Andilerr Company in Boston/' September 2, 1700, when the By- laws of 1657 were reTised, the records, though recognizing the origina] name, style it " The Ancient and Honorable Company of the Artillery of the Massachusetts," no donbt because of its connection, from its foundation, with the Honoratde Artillery Company of London. In these Biographic Notes it will be referred to as " The Ancients.*' Roberts's History of the Company d: pp. 1S1-2/ gives the names of forry-nine of its members who subscribed towards building the first Town-halL To these may be added thirteen more whose names appear on the list in the possession of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Building the First Tcm'n House. 107 At a general town meeting, held 9 March, 1656 '7, upon public notice from house to house, Captain Thomas Sa\-age, Anthony Stoddard, Jeremy Houchin and Ed- ward Hutchinson, Senior, were chosen a committee to consider the model of the Town House as concerning the charge thereof, and the most convenient place, " as also to take tJie sjibscriftians of tJie inJiabiiants to propa- gate such a building, and seasonably to make report to a pubUck townes meeting." Agreeably to this vote subscription papers were started among the towns-people, and it was the good fortune of this Societ)" to be able to purchase the prin- cipal Subscription List circulated in the early part of 1657. The heading is in a clerkly hand, which was that of one of the committee or some one employed by him. Another list, not mentioned by Mr. \\"hitmore in his "Old State House Memorial," is presented in the Col- lections of the Massachusetts Historical Societ)-, and we print it here in order to present in one volume the names of all the known subscribers to the building of the Town House : — paid Robert Ra}Tia's paid John Lake .... paid Roben Sanderson . paid Raphfe Mason paid Richard Carter by goodman Baker paid Mr John Anderson paid Na:han:eI2 Greene io8 Subscription List. paid Joseph Rocke six pounds paid Gamaliel Waite Mr Ransford paid John Shaw fisherman paid Mical Willis cutler Thomas Leder paid William Whitwel . paid Joseph Moore paid Bartholomew Barloe paid Heue Williams Marke Hams paid John Sweete . paid John Farnam in worke or other pay paid Tho : Clarke in Bondes at springe paid Evan Thomas will pay in literedge paid John Baker . paid John Lewes . Deacon Trusdell paid Mr David Eavens pr Capt Oliver paid William Browne paid William Beamslleay paid Zakary Phillips paid Will"" Wenborne paid William Cotton paid Alexander Becks . paid John Richards three pounds paid Edward Lane p''mise to pay by the hands of Lieu* Rich. Cooke five pounds and tenn shillings I say paid Mr Bishop .... Mrs Richards Re los . paid Alex : Adames promis Mr Edward Belcher pr Mr Hill paid Deacon Trusdell pd William Brenton in [ ] 06- 01- 01- 00- 01- 00- 01- 01- 01- 02- 01- 02- 01- 10- 01- 01- I- -00- -00- -00- -10- -00- -10- -10- -00- -00- -00- -00- -00- -00- -00- -10- -10- - o- - o -00 -GO -GO -GO -00 -00 -00 -GO -GO -00 -GO -GO -00 -00 -GO - O 2 00 00 2 — IG GO 01 OG -GO GI GO GO 01 OG — -00 01 10 GO GO . 05 . 00 03 00 00 5 . \OS. 2 GO O I — 10 O GI 10 00 10 GG GO 01 GO GO 10 GO 00 Building the First Town House. 109 paid Jo. Checkley . Simon Lynde Five pounds paid Henry Blake paid Mr Henry Webb . paid Capte Pendleton pd Richard Taylor John Parker, Shewmaker paid Abraham Busby Mr Webb Shewmaker paid Mr Houchin . paid Mr Alfford £^ 02- —10 — 20- —GO 05- — 0.0 00- -15— 01 - — 00 02- — 10 00 . 10 . 05 . 00 . 00 In the same collection are other papers relating to the subject, which were printed by Mr. Whitmore, and which also appeared in the Appendix of the Memorial volume in 1866 on "The City Hall." One was the original Agreement, dated i August, 1657, for the erec- tion of the building; another was the recital of the powers conferred on the Town's Commissioners, signed by them. Unfortunately since the copy was made, nearly half a century ago, the last portion of the Agree- ment has disappeared. Another original paper in the collection was an ac- count of extra expenses over and above the contract. By this we learn that the building was constructed ten inches longer and seven inches wider than the contract called for in the Agreement. The total extra cost amounted to jQ6g: los. The original Subscription List in the collections of the Bostonian Society was formerly in the possession iio Subscription List. of Mr. John Farmer, the well known antiquary, who died at Concord, N. H., 13 August, 1838. He has noted on the paper his ideas as to its date. He assigns it to 1656, and it is possible that subscriptions were solicited previous to December, 1656, when the Select- men first took notice of the bequest, and before the cost of the structure had been estimated by the Town's Com- mittee. After Mr. Farmer's death the original came into the possession of Mayor Joseph M. Wightman, who had it reproduced by lithography. On one of the reproduc- tions he noted in pencil that twenty copies were printed on [bank] note paper. The original owned by the Historical Society has a similar heading, but in a different handwriting and with a different mode of spelling. With the papers men- tioned are others of a later date relating to the Town House, including some having reference to the rebuild- ing of 1711/ 12. One, dated 1667, is of interest as it shows the division of expenses, one-half being paid by "the country" [Colony], one-quarter each by the County and Town. Most of the signatures to the paper owned by the Society are autographs. Those that could readily be compared with the originals, have been noted. The difficulty experienced at the present time in obtaining access to the probate files of Suffolk County has ren- dered it impossible to devote the necessary time to identify the remainder. Building the First Tcnvn House. ill An occasional disagreement with Messrs. Wightman and Whitmore in the identification of some of the names will be observed in the following short sketches of the subscribers : — Governor John Endicott, as the head of the Colony, naturally starts the subscription with his signature. As chief magistrate he resided in Boston during the sessions of the General Court, his last residence being situated on what is now Tremont Row, and he also owned a house opposite, next to his father-in-law Jeremy Houchin, one of the town's committee to solicit subscriptions. Richard Bellingh.\m was a son of William and Frances Bellingham of Aisthorpe, Lincolnshire, En- gland. He was bred to the law, and in 1625 was elected Recorder of Boston, England. He had two houses in Boston, Mass. One was on Tremont Street, between Beacon Street and Pemberton Square ; the other was on Washington Street near Adams Square. His summer house was on Parker Street, Chelsea, and has been added to and is now known as the Bellingham- Cary house. The autograph of Bellingham is inserted to follow Endicott, as the former was then Deputy-Gov- ernor. Endicott's payment was in cash, while Belling- ham paid in country pay, /. c. wheat and barley 4/6, peas 4/0, rye 3/0, Indian corn 2/6 per bushel. Third comes the autograph of Edward Tyng, a brewer and merchant, who came from London where he married in 1639 Mary, daughter of Francis Sears 112 Subscription List. of Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire, England. He was an officer in the militia, became a member of the " An- cients," and held the offices of Deputy and Assistant. He had lands at Dunstable, where he died in 1681, aged 8 1 . His brewhouse and warehouse were near his house, which faced the harbor on the shore where Merchants Row now extends. In the fire of August, 1679, these were burnt and he removed to Dunstable. The build- ings were not rebuilt before his death, and his widow sold the land to Thomas Clarke, the pewterer. John Evered alias Webb, merchant, was from Marl- borough, Wiltshire, England, and came in 1635. He joined the "Ancients" in 1643. He resided for a time at Chelmsford ; his house in Boston was on the north side of State Street, east of Exchange Street. In 1658 he is called Ensign John Webb. In 1668 in pursuing a whale he was caught in a rope, drawn into the sea and drowned. Peter Oliver, trader, was a son of Elder Thomas. He became a member of the "Ancients" in 1643, ^^id was their Captain in 1669. He died 11 April, 1670. He was one of the founders of the Old South Church. His house and land were on the west corner of Milk and Oliver Streets. The signature is an autograph. John Barrell was a cooper from County Suffolk, England. He was an "Ancient" in 1643, and became Ensign of the company in 1656. He married a daughter of Deacon William Colbron, and his children inherited a Building the First Tozvn House. 113 goodly portion of the deacon's estate. Barrell died 29 August, 1658, and his widow married Daniel Turrell. George, the father of John, died in 1643, leaving a house on the south side of Union Street where the son also lived. The signature is an autograph. James Oliver was a merchant, and a son of Elder Thomas. He became a member of the "Ancients" in 1640, and was Captain in 1656 and 1666; he was Cap- tain of a Boston company in 1673, and at the Swamp Fight in 1675. He died in 1682. His house and gar- den were on State Street near the corner of Merchants Row. The house was destroyed by the great fire in the summer of 1679, ^^id he sold the land to his nephew, Nathaniel Oliver in the following February. His signa- ture is an autograph. William Paine, merchant, at Ipswich, Mass., and later at Boston. He was also interested in the iron works at Saugus. He died in 1660, and among other bequests left twenty pounds to " the college at Cam- bridge." His house and land were at the North End, on what is now Commercial Street. The signature is an autograph. Richard Parker, merchant, had his home lot on Court Street, just east of the Old Court House. In 165 1 Adam Winthrop sold him a house in the yard of Governor Winthrop's house, near the spring. He also owned a house and three acres of pasture land on the south shore of the Mill Pond, where South Margin Street 114 Subscription List. runs. His daughter Anne married (i), John Manning; (2), William Gerrish ; and on her father's death in 1673 she inherited this pasture, and sold it in 1682 to Isaac Waldron. His signature is an autograph. Nathaniell Williams, glover, died in 1662, and his widow Mary married Peter Brackett. Sergt. Williams bought in January, 1655/6, from Richard Pepys of Ashen, Essex, England,* the house, barn and stable on the lot formerly William Blackstone's, on Beacon Street, with the orchards and gardens of six acres or more. His shop was next the First Church. His signature is an autograph. Sarah Parker. John Parker of Taunton died 26 February, 1657, leaving a widow, Sarah, and owning a house in Boston. John Parker, carpenter, had a daugh- ter Sarah and a son John, whose wife's name was Sarah. Sarah, a daughter of Richard Parker, married in March, 1659, John Paine. Henry Powning, trader, was first at Dover, and was received into the Boston Church in 1648. He died in 1665, owning lands at Kittery. He was a witness to the agreement for the building of the Town House, i August, 1657. His signature is an autograph. John Coggan was an early merchant of great prom- inence, who came from Devon, England, and set up the first brick shop in town on the north corner of Washing- ton and State Streets. He became an "Ancient" in * See Bostonian Society Publications, i: pp. lo, ii. Building the First Toivn House. 115 1638. He subscribed in 1635 to the fort on Fort Hill and in 1636 to the Free School. His second wife was the widow of Governor Winthrop. He was a liberal donor to Harvard College. He died 27 April, 1658, leaving a large estate; his widow died in 1660. The State Street house went to Joseph Robinson, his daugh- ter Mary's son by her husband Thomas Robinson of Scituate. His signature is an autograph. Theodore Atkinson was a feltmaker and hatter, and came from Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England. He became an "Ancient" in 1644. He owned a house and land on the north corner of Court and Washington Streets. His son Theodore's widow mar- ried Henry Deering, and the corner was known as " Deering's Corner " early in the eighteenth century. Theodore, the younger, was killed in the Narragansett fight in 1675, while the father lived to 1701, and was 89 years old at his death. Several namesakes in later gen- erations were prominent in New Hampshire. His signa- ture is an autograph. Thomas Hawkins, shipwright, was a son of Thomas, also a shipwright, who died in 1648. His shipyard was on North Street, opposite the Ship Tavern, a building supposed to have been built by Hawkins, and which stood till 1866. The signature I believe to be an auto- graph. John Hull, silversmith, joined the "Ancients" in 1660; he was Ensign of the company in 1663, Lieuten- Ii6 Subscription List ant in 1664, and Captain in 1671 and 1678. He was Treasurer and Mint-master of the Colony. His house, which he inherited from his father, Robert Hull, was on the east side of Washington Street, about half-way be- tween Summer and Bedford Streets ; he also owned a farm "at Muddy River called Brookline," which name was adopted as that of the town. His signature is an autograph. The next autograph is that of Thomas Clark of Dorchester in 1636. He had two daughters born there — Mehitable in 1640, and Elizabeth in 1642. In 1643 he had removed to Boston, his home lot and warehouse being on the north side of the cove into which the mill creek flowed. His house, when he died, was on what is now North Square, previously Clark Square. By trade he was a draper, but in time became interested in vessels and participated with others in adventures to the West Indies and to the northward, becoming a prominent merchant. He was especially interested in mills and land at York, Maine, and had a narrow escape from the Indians when Captain Thomas Lake lost his life there. He owned considerable land at the North End in Bos- ton, and had an interest in the mills there and at one time owned one-eighth of Bendall's Dock. He was a member of the Ancient and Honorable Ar- tillery, its Lieutenant in 1639 and 165 1; Captain 1653 and 1656, and Sergeant Major of the Suffolk Regiment in 1673, then a rank as high as that of Colonel at Building the First Town House. WJ present. A Deputy to the General Court in 165 1, he became Speaker in 1662, and in 1673 was chosen an Assistant. He was also a Commissioner and held other public offices. His eldest daughter, Mehitable, married Humphrey Warren, who died in 1680; the younger daughter, Eliz- abeth, married in 1661, John Freake, who died from an explosion on a ship in Boston Harbor in 1675, and she afterwards married Elisha Hutchinson, grandfather of Governor Hutchinson. Major Thomas Clark died 13 March, 1683. In his will after bequests to his widow and his daughters and sons-in-law, he mentions his sister Elizabeth Stoughton, widow of Israel. He also speaks of his kinsmen, making them overseers of his will, William Stoughton, cousin* William Tailer, who married Rebecca Stoughton, his niece. He also mentions a cousin Thomas Smith, a brother John Clark of Welton, and sister Anna Hanes. To the poor of Boston he left ^50 and to those of Dor- chester £,20. To the company or ward in Boston which he commanded he left ^10, to purchase arms. To the Church he gave £^0, and to ten of his poor kindred £l each, to be distributed by his brother John. In case his daughters left no descendants, ^1,500 was to build a hospital in Boston. A subscriber to the other list was another Thomas Clark, blacksmith, who was in Boston by 1640, when he * The word " cousin " at this time often had the meaning of " nephew." 1 1 8 Siibscription List. was admitted to the Church. His home lot, which he had purchased in 1640 from Thomas Paynter, was on the west side of Washington, between Winter and West Streets; this he sold in 1655 to Robert Walker. A member of the "Ancients " in 1644, he was Fourth Sergeant; in 1645, Third, and in 1650, First; Clerk in 1653; was Second Sergeant in 1660, First again in 1661, and Ensign in 1662 ; later he became a Lieutenant, and in 1675 was Captain of a Boston company. Elected a Deputy to the General Court in 1673, he held the office for three years. From a locksmith or blacksmith he became a shopkeeper by 1654, when he bought half an acre between School and Bromfield Streets. Four years later he purchased half an acre further south, adjoining the Common. In 1673 he acquired a lot on the corner of Washing- ton and Court Streets, the Ames Building site, and erected a great house. The land had formerly belonged to Rev. Jose Glover, whose widow married Henry Dunster. Thomas Clark held other lands in Boston, and at his death, in 1678, owned five houses. The largest of these, occupied in 1676 by Edward Shippen and valued at £700, he had deeded to his son Thomas Clark, mariner, to go to him after his father's death. The other houses in like manner he had given to his three daugh- ters or their heirs. The eldest daughter was probably Leah, who married Thomas Baker, blacksmith. Their Building the First Town House. 119 daughter, Rachel Baker, married George Waldron, black- smith, of Dover, N. H., Boston, and lastly Bristol, R. I. Deborah, a second daughter, married Nathaniel Byfield of Boston, one of the first settlers of Bristol. Their only surviving daughter, Deborah, married Edward Lyde. The third daughter, Elizabeth Clark, married Stevens, and at the time of her father's death was a widow.* Thomas Clark, Senior, shopkeeper, in his will, men- tions the above, and also a widow Ann. Robert Turner, vintner and innholder, had a house and garden on the west side of Washington Street, nearly opposite Water Street. In 1652 he made an ex- change with Richard Fairbanks, taking his house and land on the opposite side of Washington Street and estabhshing there the "Blue Anchor Tavern." He joined the "Ancients" in 1640; was Ensign in 1661 and Lieutenant in 1662. His signature is an autograph. Richard Cooke, tailor, was admitted to the Church in 1634. He joined the "Ancients" in 1643 ; was En- si o-n in 1666 and Lieutenant in 1668. His house and garden were on School Street, opposite the City Hall site. He died in 1673, leaving quite an estate. Among the bequests was one to " the new college at Cambridge," and £^0 to the First Church. The bulk of his property went to his son Elisha Cooke, who was prominent later. His signature is an autograph. * See Mass. Prov. Laws, Vol. viii : 341. 120 Subscription List. Robert Swift is the next name, as read by Mr. Wightman ; but there was no Robert Swift of that period. Robert Scot would be more acceptable, were it not that he died a few years previous. The name of Robert Tuells, or T wells, might be suggested ; he had children born in Boston about this time, and died in Braintree. He was an ancestor of Robert Twelves Hewes. Samuel Hutchinson, merchant, a brother of the Rev. William Hutchinson, died in 1667. He owned an orchard on Fort Hill, and land at Portsmouth, R. I. He became a member of the "Ancients" in 1652. His signature is probably an autograph. Joshua Scottow, merchant, had a homestead lot on the north side of Court, east of Hanover Street. He became a member of the "Ancients" in 1645, ^^^ ^^^s its Clerk in 1650/ 1 and Ensign in 1657. He was one of the founders of the Old South Church. He was a Captain in the militia and active in King Philip's War. He died in January, 1698, aged 83 years. His signa- ture is an autograph. William Hudson, vintner, joined the "Ancients" in 1640. He was Lieutenant of a Boston company in 1654, and Captain 1661. After holding the rank of Fourth, Third, Second and First Sergeant in the "An- cients," he was Ensign in 1653, Lieutenant in 1656 and 1660, and Captain 1661. He died 6 December, 1680. He owned the Castle Tavern, which stood on the south Building the First Town House. 121 corner of Elm and Union Streets, and gave the former street its name of Hudson's Lane. This is the autograph of William Hudson, Junior, innholder ; the "Memorial History," Vol. H : p. vi, erroneously gives it as that of his father, William Hudson, Senior, who was in England at this time. William Hudson offered to pay in bricks, boards, lime, " literedge," or timber. On the other list, Evan Thomas, of the same trade as Hudson (a vintner), also offers to pay in "literedge." We are inclined to think this obso- lete word signifies lighterage, or the carriage of mate- rials : another suggestion is that it refers to the enter- tainment of man or beast, and a readiness to supply the straw bedding furnished to the workmen or their ani- mals. Still another explanation has been proposed, that the word is"litorage" — the melting of lead for the building. The next signature is the well known autograph of Hezekiah Usher, bookseller, who first resided at Cam- bridge. He became a member of the "Ancients" in 1638, First Sergeant in 1663, and Ensign in 1664. In the winter of 1657/8 he went to England as an agent to buy a printing press and materials. His home lot was on Tremont Street opposite the King's Chapel Burial Ground. Disposing of this, he purchased in 1647 a house and garden on the northwest corner of State and Devonshire Streets, the latter street being known as Usher's Lane during the last half of the seventeenth 122 Subscription List. century. He died in 1676, leaving bequests to Harvard College, the churches of Cambridge and Boston, and the poor. William Davis, apothecary, bought in 1645, from Valentine Hill, a house and garden on the west side of Washington Street, south of the First Church site. His autograph statement shows his nearness to the proposed building, and the benefit to him of the conduit. He died in 1676, when his Washington Street property went to his son Benjamin. Thomas Buttolphe, leather-dresser and glover, came in 1635. His house and lot were on the west side of Washington Street being the fourth lot north of Court Street. He died in 1667, having just completed a new house which he left to his wife, his son Thomas receiv- ing the old one as a legacy. He also had a pasture in " Centry Field." His signature is an autograph, James Penn came with Winthrop and was his beadle. He was later Marshal, and also Ruling Elder of the Church. He died in 167 1, leaving an annuity on land to Harvard College to maintain poor scholars, and also made a bequest to the Church. His home lot was on the south side of Milk Street near Devonshire Street. The land given to Harvard was at Beachmont. The signature in his minute handwriting is a characteristic one. Jacob Sheafe, merchant, born at Cranbrook, Kent, England, was first at Roxbury. He married Margaret, Building the First Town House. 123 the daughter of Henry Webb, who was very wealthy. He became a member of the ''Ancients" in 1648, and was their clerk in 1652. He died 22 March, 1658/9 ; his inventory, amounting to ^'8,528: 8j. : 3^., included one-quarter part of three mills at Roxbury. He owned a house and lands at Guildford, Conn. Margaret Sheafe inherited a large estate from her father. Sheaf e's sig- nature is an autograph. Thomas Lake, merchant, was a member of the " An- cients " in 1653, Ensign in 1660, Lieutenant in 1661, and Captain in 1662. He was slain by the Indians at Kennebec, 14 August, 1676, and his remains were brought to Boston and buried in Copp's Hill in the fol- lowing March. He was a man of wealth, his inventory amounting to ;^2,500. He dwelt in a "white house" in 1655, on the east side of Hanover Street, just north of the Mill Creek. His signature is an autograph. IsAACK Waker, shopkeeper, resided first at Salem. He became an "Ancient" in 1644. He owned lands at Nashavvay, and died in 1674. He owned a house and land on the north corner of Union and North Streets, which was burnt in the 1679 fire. The widow Susanna sold the land to her son Isaac Walker after the fire. His signature is probably an autograph. John Sunderland, parchment maker, became a mem- ber of the "Ancients" in 1658. He removed to East- ham and died there in 1703, aged 85 years. His home lot was on the south side of School Street, near the head. 124 Subscription List. In 1650 John Gallop sold him a lot on the west side of Hanover Street backing on the mill dam. Here he lived till his removal, conveying in 1664 to his son-in- law Matthew Armstrong part of his land and the newer or southern portion of his house. In "the Memorial History " (Vol. II : p. xviii) appears a signature mani- festly not his, and he usually signed with his mark. Robert Pateshall, merchant, was engaged in trade with Richard Leader, and occupied the latter's house on the south side of North Street. He died in 1671, own- ing land at Saco above the Falls, and at Kennebec. His nephew, Richard Pateshall, leather-dresser, was ad- ministrator of his estate. His signature is probably an autograph. Thomas Matson, gunsmith, came from London in 1630, and was a follower of Wheelwright; he lived a while at Braintree, where he had land. His house and shop in Boston were on the west side of Hanover Street. Portland Street was first known as Matson's Lane. He died in 1677, an aged man. John Williams, son of Robert Williams of Roxbury, died 6 October, 1658. Hugh Williams, feltmaker, who married Sarah Coitmore, had a brother John, a feltmaker, who was formerly of Burnaby Street, London. In 1663 Hugh sold his property in Boston to John, and went to Block Island. How early John came to Boston is uncertain, but he was here in 1670. John Williams, butcher, also appears in Boston about 1670, and in 1673 Building the First Toxvn House. 125 bought a house and land on the east side of Salem Street. Thomas Edsell, turner, became an "Ancient" ni 1652. In 1657 he occupied a cellar shop and chamber joining and belonging to the " great house " of the late Captain Robert Keayne, on the south corner of State and Washington Streets. In 1671 he occupied a house belonging to David Say well. His signature is probably an autograph. Thomas Bligh, sailmaker, also had a son Thomas who died in 1683, before his lather. Bligh was the trumpeter of the town, and officiated on state occasions ; in this office he was succeeded by his son Samuel. Bligh purchased a strip of land, f^fty feet wide, running from Washington to Hawley Street. On the north half he built a house for his son Thomas, and one on the south for Samuel. The passage between ultimately be- came Franklin Street. Richard Gridlev, brickmaker and bricklayer, was disarmed for his sympathy with Ann Hutchinson. He joined the "Ancients" in 1658. He subscribed to the Free School in 1636, and was a Captain in the Militia. His house was on the north side of Summer and east of High Street. Further north was Gridley's pasture. He died in 1674. John Button, miller, in Boston 1633, was disarmed in 1637 as a follower of Wheelwright. He became a member of the "Ancients" in 1643; previous to that 136 Subscription List. year he had an interest in the corn mills. He subscribed to the Free School in 1636. He had three houses and a garden, in all about an acre, on the north side of Elm Street. The signature is an autograph. Benjamin Negus was a shop-keeper, and owned land on T.ong Island and at Muddy River. In 1672 he bought a house on the south side of State Street, opposite the Town house, between Captain Robert Keayne's and Henry Phillips's. He died in 1694, quite aged. His signature is an autograph. James Everii.i., not Everett, shoemaker, had his home lot on the east side of Hanover Street between Elm and Union Street. On the corner of the last named street was the site of the "Blue Ball," the home of Benjamin Franklin. Everill obtained the reversion of some town land, now the site of Faneuil Hall and Dock Square, on which were some buildings, and this was the occa- sion, after his death, of protracted suits for their pos- session. In the fire of 1679 some of his houses were blown up, to prevent the spread of the conflagration. He died in 1683. Robert Batteki.v, or Battei.le, was a " transient " in Boston, where he died in December, 1658, not having paid his subscription. John Coney, cooper, became a member of the "An- cients " in 1662, and was Second Sergeant in 1672. He married Elizabeth, daughter ol Robert Nash. In 1658 John Coney burned brick back of his house. Building the First Totvn House. 127 and for doing so was fined 40 shillings. Previous to 1656 Coney held land formerly Barnabas Fawer's, and shortly after purchased land of Matthew Gross and Matthew Barnes. It was located on the south side of the street running from the sea or harbor to the Mill Pond. This way soon became known as Coney's Lane, and is now Cross Street. Samuet. Mattock was the son of James Mattock, cooper, and of the same trade. He married Constance, daughter of Richard Fairbanks. In 1653 his father gave him a house and wharf, with a cooper's shop thereon, on the south side of North Street near the Drawbridge. Richard Stanes, sailmaker, died in 1672, and his widow married John Hall in 1674- Staines's house and warehouse were on the north side of the Town Dock. Rowland Story, shipwright, bought of Jarvis Bal- lard, in 1673, a house on the south side of North Street, formerly belonging to John Rhoades. Richard Wayte, tailor, and Marshal or Sheriff, died in 1680. His home lot and house were on the east side of Washington Street, south of Milk Street, and ran through to Hawley Street. His signature is an auto- graph. Philip Wharton, tobacconist, by his wife Mary had a daughter Rebecca in 1660. Disagreeing with his wife he left her, and they obtained a divorce. Wharton's house and shop were on the north side of North Street, 128 Subscription List. west of Cross Street. His wife was probably a daughter of Richard Gridley, as she took the name of Mary Grid- ley after her divorce and lived in a house near him. In 1677 Philip Wharton and Mary Gridley united in con- veying a piece of land to John Harrison, ropemaker, near his house adjoining the Rope Field, near Fort Hill. Augustine Clement, painter, came from Reading, England, and had an interest in lands at Wokingham, seven miles from Reading. He occupied part of a work- shop in Boston which he disposed of in 1652. At the time of his death his dwelling house was in Boston, and consisted of an old part, three rooms over a cellar, and a new addition, making the front of the house. This went to his son Samuel. His daughter Elizabeth married William Sumner. Richard Woodde, soap-boiler, first at Roxbury, was admitted an inhabitant of Boston, 26 January, 165 1/2, upon his promise not to be offensive to the town by his trade. He was a son of Richard Woodie of Ro.\bury, who died 6 December, 1658, an old man. In 1658 he had a lease of Bird Island for sixty years, for the yearly payment of twelve pence or a bushel of salt. He was Lieutenant in 1673 of a Boston company. He had two daughters, Martha, wife of Richard Pateshall, and Mary, wife of John Dafforn. His house was near the " Blue Bell," on Batterymarch Street. John Phillip.s, biscuit baker, was first at Dorchester. He died in 1683, leaving a daughter, Mary, who married Building the First Totvu House. 129 (i), George Munjoy, and (2), Robert Lawrence. Phil- lips was a deacon of the Second Church, and lived on the east side of Hanover Street near Prince Street. Thomas Emmons, cordwainer, was in Newport in 1638. He was admitted an inhabitant of Boston in 1648. He died in May, 1664. He left two houses in Boston to his wife Martha, the one in which he dwelt and another in the tenure of John Andrews, cooper. Emmons's house stood on the north side of North Street near Cross Street. Thomas Littell was of Cambridge, and evidently made a contribution of labor on the Town house. Humphrey Bradshaw lived in Cambridge. He be- came a member of the "Ancients " in 1642. He died at Menotomy, 9 May, 1682. His contribution was also in labor. Joseph Bond paid his subscription by Samuel Ben- nett, not Lemist, and he was probably employed or connected in business with l^ennctt, as he witnessed deeds of the latter in 1657 and 1660. It is probable that he was the Joseph Bond from Haverhill, who served in King Philip's War, and later lived in Haverhill. George Bromer, tailor, bought a house and an acre of land from James Stokes, and sold it in 1642 to Amos Richardson. This was on the north side of Summer Street, and " Richardson's Alley " became Hawley Street in later years, his land being east of that street. Bromer suffered banishment from the town, but in 1657 was re- 130 Sjibscription List. admitted with a caution as to his future behavior. He died in 1662, and in 1663 his widow married Thomas Ashley. William Paddy, skinner and merchant, came from London to Plymouth, and thence to Boston, where he died 24 August, 1658. His grave-stone was found in 1830 below the street near the Old State House. His house was on the north side of North Street near the Drawbridge, — and his warehouse and wharf opposite, which were mortgaged by his son-in-law, Leonard Dow- den, to Harvard College in 1681. He left a bequest of ten pounds to the poor of Boston. His signature is an autograph. Henry Kemble, blacksmith, had a house on the west side of North Street, near the North Battery. He died in 1677, and later that year the widow was paid thirty pounds for her house blown up in the great fire at the North End in 1676. He owned considerable land at Cape Porpoise, Maine. Thomas Makepeace, gentleman, of Dorchester, 1636, became a member of the "Ancients " in 1638. He died in 1667, aged about 75, owning lands in England. His estate in Boston was on the west side of Hanover Street, extending from Elm Street to the head of the street. His signature is an autograph. Joshua He\ves, merchant, joined the "Ancients" in 1637, and the next year was Sergeant and assistant Clerk. He was Lieutenant of the Roxbury Train-band, Building the First Town House. 131 and in 1654 Ensign of the "Ancients." In recent years his gravestone was dug up in Post-office Square. He died in 1676. He lived for a time in Roxbury, where he owned land. He also owned the house and land which is now the site of St. Paul's Church, on Tremont Street. Francis Smith, card-maker, was for a while at Rox- bury. He owned a house on Union Street, near the head of the Town Dock, which he sold in 1667 to Hab- akkuk Glover. His daughter Elizabeth married (i), James Sanford ; (2), George Hunniborne, and (3), Burgess. Smith usually made his mark {¥. S.) in sign- ing, in the shape of a monogram. Francis Douse, tanner, as an apprentice or workman to George Burdon, tanner, was allowed as an inhabitant in 1639. Douse's house and yard joined Burdon's on the north, and was on the south side of Elm Street. In the rear were his tan pits. The center of the square bounded by Elm, Hanover and Court Streets, in the early days, was composed of the tan yards of the leather dressers living on those streets. Douse died in 1680. John Peirce, mason, at an early date was located on the north side of Union, near Hanover Street, on land purchased of Thomas Walker. In 1688 he and his wife Isabel sold it to his son, Joseph Peirce, the tailor ; after Joseph Peirce's death it became the property of his two daughters, Lydia, wife of Joseph Callender, tailor, and Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Payne, joiner. 132 Subscription List. Simon Eire, surgeon, was first at Watertown, coming from London. His house in Boston, which was on Court Street, next east of the prison, went at his death to his youngest son John and daughter Maria, as did also the farm in Watertown. Comfort Starr came from Ashford, Kent, England. He died 2 January, 1659. He was a physician. His house and lands were at the North End, between Han- over and Salem Streets. Henry Phillips, butcher, became a member of the " Ancients" in 1640. He was first at Dedham and was an Ensign of the military company there in 1648. He died in 1686, leaving considerable real estate ; his house, bought in 1657, was on the southwest corner of State and Devonshire Streets, and later became known as the " Rose and Crown Tavern." He also owned land on the "Neck," on which was a tavern after 1700, and known as the " Rose and Crown." Henry Shrimpton, brazier, was a brother of Ed- ward, of Bethnal Green, London. In 1646 he bought property on State, corner of Exchange Street, from An- thony Stoddard, and the latter street became known as Shrimpton's Lane. The Royal Exchange Tavern stood on this site. He died in 1666, and left to each of his four daughters a thousand pounds and a hou.se lot ; the residue went to his son Samuel. John Lowell, cooper, son of John of Newbury, lived also at Scituate and Rehoboth. His Boston house, on Building the First Tow7i Hotise. 133 the north side of State Street, he mortgaged in 1676, and in the great fire of 8 August, 1679, it was consumed, as were those of that part of the town from the Mill Creek to Oliver's Dock. He died in 1694. George Munjoy, mariner and ship-carpenter, was a son of John, of Abbotsham, near Bideford, Devon, En- gland. He died in 168 1, and his widow, Mary, daughter of Deacon John Phillips, married Robert Lawrence, mer- chant. He bought in 1657 the "Noah's Ark Tavern," built by Captain Thomas Hawkins on North Street. John Joyliffe was a son of John Joliffe of East Stour, Dorset, England. He married the widow of Robert Knight, previously the widow of Captain Thomas Cromwell. By her first marriage she became possessed of land now the Post Office site. Here John Joyliffe lived, and on the other side of Devonshire Street he had a garden. The street was then known as Joy- liffe's Lane. He died in 1 701, at the age of eighty-six, and had been blind and laboring under infirmities for several years. Amos Richardson, tailor, acted as agent at one time for the sons of Gov. Winthrop. He went to Stonington, Conn., in 1666. His house and garden were on Sum- mer Street, at Hawley Street. This property, on his death in 1683, went to his three daughters, of whom Sarah, the youngest, married Capt. Timothy Clarke, and the Summer Street estate came into their possession. On this location was the " Seven Star Inn," from which 134 Subscription List. Summer Street was at one time called Seven Star Lane. Edmond Grenleff, dyer, was of Newbury, where he kept a house of entertainment in 1639. He was admit- ted an inhabitant of Boston in 1654. He occupied a house, formerly Henry Webb's, on the west side of Turner's Lane (now Devonshire Street), north of Water Street. He also leased from the town some land on the Post-office site, where he carried on his business. He died in 1671. Edward Porter, chandler, was first at Roxbury. He died 1677. He came to Boston in 1655, and pur- chased of John Floyd a house and shop on the west side of Washington Street opposite Water Street, near the First Church, which had been the property of Robert Turner and then of Richard Fairbanks. Nicolas Phillips, shop-keeper, died in March, 1670. His house was on the north side of North Street west of Cross Street. Thomas Harwood, tailor, married in 1654, Rachel, daughter of John Smith, a tailor. She was the widow of Robert Woodward, and the Harwoods lived in the house formerly Woodward's, at the south corner of Bed- ford and Washington Streets. Harwood died previous to July, 1670, when his widow sold the estate to Edward Lillie, cooper. Thomas Brattle, merchant, was at Charlestown in 1656, and removed to Boston the next year. He became Building the First Toivn House. 135 an "Ancient" in 1675, was Cornet of the Suffolk Troop 1670, Lieutenant, 1675, and Captain, 1676, in King Philip's War. He was a founder of the "Old South," and prominent in town affairs. He had a farm at Dun- stable, a house at Penny Ferry, Charlestown, and a lot at Wormwood Point (where the New England Gas Works now are in Everett) ; land at Menotomy, on the Ken- nebec, at Narraganset, and Quinebaug. tlis Boston estate is commemorated by Brattle Square and Street, running through the pasture of his estate. The last came through his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Captain William Tyng. Thomas Baker was a blacksmith, who, when he died in January, 1684, was "old and blind," but with a godly reputation. He was a brother of Richard Baker of Dorchester. He had a son John, and three daughters, Elizabeth, Sarah and Mary, all of whom married. In 1660 he bought Elder Thomas Oliver's house, on the north corner of Washington and Water Streets. John Biggs, planter, was also at Ipswich and Exeter. He subscribed to the Free School in 1636. His house was on Court Street, opposite Court Square. He mar- ried a daughter of John Dassett, whose family name was given, in the early years of the town, to the alley which is now Franklin Avenue. Biggs died in 1666, and his widow married Captain John Minot of Dorchester. He was a member of the "Ancients" in 1641, and Second Sergeant in 1659. His signature is an autograph. 136 Subscription List. Thomas Marshall, shoemaker and ferryman. His home lot was on the east side of Hanover Street, on both sides of the Mill Creek, where Blackstone Street now extends. His signature is an autograph. Henry Alline, Deacon of the First Church, was a carpenter, joiner and housewright. He married in 1648 Ann, the widow of William Teft, and thus came into possession of a house and half an acre on what is now the west corner of Summer and South Streets. Sum- mer Street was then called Mill Street, and later Seven Star Lane. South Street was first known as Rope Lane. Alline lived and died in this house. He also owned half the Castle Tavern, on Batterymarch Street, and a hou.se on Hanover Street near Portland Street. He was an "Ancient," a Selectman, and a member of the General Court. He died in 1696, leaving a widow, Judith, and three sons — Joseph, Henry, and John. The Castle Tavern estate was in the Alline family from 1674 to 1723 ; the -site included that of the Ma.son Building in Liberty Square. His signature is an autograph ; he first wrote ten shillings and then changed it to twenty. Hugh Drury, carpenter, was first at Sudbury. He joined the "Ancients " in 1659, and in 1675 was a Lieu- tenant of a Boston company. He died in 1689, and is buried in King's Chapel Burial Ground. His house and work shop were on the west side of Sudbury Street. He also owned one-half of the " Castle Tavern " on Bat- terymarch Street. His signature is an autograph. Building the First Town House. 137 John Collins was perhaps the same who appeared in the list of Scotch prisoners who arrived in 165 i. In 1663 John Collins, Jr., shoemaker, mortgaged his dwell- ing house near the Mill Creek to Habakkuk Glover, and John Collins, Sr., witnessed the deed. In 1665 John Collins, of Saybrook, Conn., cordwainer, sells this house through an agent to William Gibson, cordwainer. An inventory in 1670 of the estate of John Collins shows household goods, cows, etc., and mentions three ap- prentices. Thom.^s Scotto, joiner, was a brother of Joshua Scottow. His house and garden were on School Street, and this lot he sold to the town in 1645 for a school site. It is now the City Hall site. He died in 1661, and his son John died in 1679. In 1670 Mehitabell, eldest daughter, and in 1678 Sarah, his youngest daughter, sold their third interests in their father's house, which was on the south side of Dock Square, west of Devon- shire Street. Nath.\niel Thorne is Mr. Wightman's solution, but I make the name that of Nathanell Hun, son of George Hun, tanner. The son was a shoemaker, and married about 1650. He became a member of the "Ancients" in 1662, and removed to Wethersfield about 1670. The Huns lived on the south side of Elm Street, near Han- over. John Pears, set-work cooper, purchased a house and land on the north corner of Winter and Washington 138 Subscription List. Streets. When he died in 1661, one-half of this house was to go to his widow for life, and half for the educa- tion of his son Samuel, who eventually inherited it and followed his father's trade. John Pears also owned land in Dorchester. William Reade, tailor, came from Batcombe, En- gland, and settled at W^eymouth. He came to Boston in 1646. He married as his second wife, in 1654, Ruth Crooke, and had a house and shop on the corner of Dock Square and Devonshire Street, which he bought in 1654 of Rev. John Wilson. William Tav, distiller, had lands at Billerica, and was Town Clerk there. He also owned lands at Muddy River. He, however, owned a house in Boston at the time of his death in 1683. It was located in Dock Square, east of Devonshire Street. John Blacklach was early at Winnisimmet, and sold his land and ferry rights to Richard Bellingham. In 1655 he held land near the Old State Flouse site, which he sold to Jacob Sheafe, and Sheafe's widow sold to Henry Shrimpton. Blackleach was dismissed from the Boston church in 1661, and went to Hartford, Conn. He died at Wethersfield, Conn., 23 August 1683. John Clough, having served an apprenticeship, had liberty in 1657 to pursue his calling in town. John Clough, Jr., feltmaker, was aged 47 years in 1673. He had bought, previous to 1669, land on the west side of Building the First Town House. 139 Washington Street which his descendants held in the middle of the next century. At that time a street through the land from Boylston Street south was called Clough Street, and is now included in Tremont Street. Samuel Davice was first at Watertown, a planter. He became a tenant of a farm at Rumney Marsh, owned by Nicholas Parker. His wife was Anna. Samuel Davis, planter, and his wife Sarah had an interest in two acres on Long Island in 1668. Samuel Cole, confectioner, comfitmaker and inn- holder, kept the first inn in town on Washington op- posite Water Street. He owned land at Winnisimmet, and his granddaughter Sarah married John Senter, of Rumney Marsh. He was the ninth signer on the roll of the "Ancients" in 1637. He was disarmed in 1637 for his sympathy with Wheelwright. His second wife was Margaret, daughter of Isaac Green, of Mersey, Es- sex, England. His third wife was Ann, widow of Robert Keayne. The signature resembles Cole's autograph in all points except C ; that letter he usually wrote in the style of the previous century. Christopher Gibson, soap-boiler, was first in Dor- chester, and removing to Boston went into the soap business with David Selleck. He gave land to Dor- chester in 1646, and was one of the founders of the Second Church. His soap house was in the rear on the north side of State Street, east of Change Avenue. He died 3 October, 1674. 140 Subscription List. Robert Nannev, merchant, came in 1635 from Lon- don, aged twenty-two. He married Katherine, daughter of Rev. John Wheelwright, and died in 1663. His widow then married Edward Naylor. His house and garden were on the south side of North Street, near the Draw- bridge. The signature is an autograph. Henry Bridgham, tanner, came from County Suf- folk, England. He built in 1670 a house on the north side of Milk Street, and in the rear were his tan pits. These were uncovered a few years ago, while putting in the foundations of a building. He died in 1671, and the house was in the family for sixty-five years after. In the last centuiy it was known as the "Julien House." Bridgham became a member of the "Ancients" in 1644. The signature is an autograph. Thomas Waker, brickmaker, died in 1659. He left a widow, Ann, son Thomas, who was also a brickmaker, John, Samuel and Elizabeth. His house was on the east side of Hanover Street. Nathanell Raynoi.ls, shoemaker, son of Robert, owned the house and land inherited in 1670 from his father, located on Milk Street, where Benjamin Franklin was born. Nathaniel was one of the early settlers at Bristol, R. I. He died in 1708. He became a member of the "Ancients" in 1658, and was Lieutenant of a foot company in Boston in 1675. John Hawkins, mariner, married the widow of Hum- phrey Damerill, and in 1657 assigned his interest in the Damerill estate to a son, John Damerill. Building the First Toion House. 141 Arthur Masson, biscuit-maker, had an acre and a half of land on what is now Tremont Street, between School and Winter Streets. He built a house on School Street on the site of the Niles Building, and a bake- house opposite. His granary was on Tremont Street opposite the Granary Burial Ground. He died 4 March, 1708, aged 'j'j years. Ann Carter was the wife of Richard Carter, carpen- ter. His home lot was on the site of the Adams House ; on his death this went to his only daughter, who married as her second husband Joseph Cowell. The Carters also owned a house and shops near the Town Dock, next south of the Castle Tavern, which was on the south corner of Elm and Union Streets. This went to the widow during life by agreement in 1671, previous to her marriage to John Hunt, Carter having died in 1668. Mrs. Carter seems to have had greater property interests than her husband. James Da vies, mariner, had a house and garden on the north side of Water Street, opposite the Post Office site, where stood the Simmons Building recently de- molished. He also owned land on Beacon Street and part of Spectacle Island. He had several sons and a daughter, Joshebeth, who married John Wing. Wing thus acquired the Water Street estate on the death of Davies, and on Wing's death it went to a son, Cord Wing and two daughters. The widow, Joanna Davies, died in 1679, leaving property to the Wings, and another 142 Stibscriptiou List. daughter, Joanna, who married Richard Knight. A grandson, Robert Wing, inherited the Spectacle Island property. Daniel Turill, blacksmith, came from Instow, Devon, England. He married for his second wife, 10 Nov., 1659, Mary, widow of John Barrell and daughter of Deacon William Colbron. He joined the "Ancients " in 1660, was Second Sergeant in 1666, and Lieutenant in 1676. He died in 1693. Located before marriage at his trade of an anchor-smith at the North End, he owned land there near the Second Church, and in 1659 he sold the town land which was used as a burial ground on Copp's Hill. Tfiomas Ficii, cordwainer, in 1662 bought from Thomas Marshall, cordwainer, his house, shop and lean-to between Hanover and Marshall Streets. Edmund Jacklin, glazier, held a homestead lot on the west side of Washington, half-way between Winter and Bromfield Streets. His house, at the time of his death in 1681, was near the head of the Town Dock, on the west side of Union Street. His daughter Susanna married Nicholas Hopping, of Rye, N. Y., and they con- veyed their interest to her brother, Samuel Jacklin, glazier. William Gibson, cordwainer, joined the "Ancients" in 1675, and was Second Sergeant in 1684. In 1670 he was occupying a house on the north side of Bedford, near Kingston Street, belonging to the Rev. James Allen. Building the First Toivn House. I43 Jeremy Cusiiin, mariner, was son of the emigrant Matthew Gushing, of Hingham. His house and land were on Richmond Street, adjoining the "Red Lion Inn," which stood on the corner of North Street. He seems to have left no children, his brother Daniel hav- ing inherited a share of his estate with others. Edmund Jackson, shoemaker, became a member of the "Ancients" in 1646. His house and lot were on the corner of Sudbury and Hanover Streets, the site of the " Orange Tree Inn," which gave the name of Orange Tree Lane to the street now Hanover. He had three wives: (i), Martha ; (2), Mary Gawdren, widow, a daughter of Samuel Cole ; and (3), Elizabeth Pilkenton, who after he died in 1675 married William Beale, of Marblehead. At his death Jackson owned the house called the "Flower de Luce," on the north .side of North Street, west of Cross. MiELES Tarne, leather dresser, married in 1660 Elizabeth, widow of Robert Rice. The home lot of Rice was on the south side of Milk Street, opposite Post Office Square. In 1668 Tarne, with his wife and her son, Joshua Rice, mortgaged the property to the First Church. After his death, in 1676, the mortgage was discharged . Wir.LiAM English, cordwainer, was first at Ipswich, and was admitted to Boston in 1652. He died in 1682, and the next year his widow Mary sold his house to Fernando Gilligan, formerly of Belfast, Ireland. It was 144 Subscription List. on the west side of North Street, near the site of the "Salutation Tavern," and was previously the estate of William Beamsley. Joseph Howe, cooper, married in 1673, Elizabeth, the widow of Edward Bunn, but did not obtain her former husband's estate. Howe's warehouse was on North Street, near Scottow's wharf. Samuel Norden, shoemaker, occupied a house on North Street, moving in 1681 into a newly built one, owned by Samuel Sendall. Robert Nash, butcher, had lived awhile in Charles- town. He died in i66i. His house and slaughter house were on the south side of Dock Square, where he made quite a nuisance of the Town Dock. Matthew Barnes was the miller of the tide mills at the North End, owning a share in the land and mills. He was a Surveyor of highways, and died in Maiden in 1667. Thomas Dewer, tailor, was one of the founders of the Scots Charitable Society. He died in 1694, and administration was granted his son Sampson Dewer, cooper. His house and garden were on the south side of Union Street, half way between Hanover and Elm Streets, and were purchased in 1648 of Thomas Painter. He died in 1694. William Corser, shoemaker, " seller of strong water and innholder," came in 1635. His house and garden were on the west side of Devonshire Street, half-way Building the First Towji House. I45 between State and Water Streets. At the time of his death, in 1673, he also owned a house and land in Chelmsford. The signature is an autograph. Bartholomew Cheever came from Canterbury, En- gland, in 1637. He was a cordwainer by occupation. He was Lieutenant of one of the Boston military com- panies in 1682. He died 18 Dec, 1693. His house and land were on the southwest corner of Hanover and Blackstone Streets. He left no children, and the prop- erty went to a nephew whose descendants still retain it. He also owned other property, including a pasture at the corner of Sudbury and Portland Streets. The sig- nature is an autograph. Henry Messenger, joiner, was a member of the "Ancients" in 1658. He died in 1673. His house and garden were on Tremont Street, next north of King's Chapel Burying Ground. The signature is an autograph. William Colbron of Brentwood, England, was one of the early subscribers to the Massachusetts Bay Company. Coming with Winthrop he was chosen a deacon the first year, and afterward became a ruling elder. Though sympathizing with Wheelwright he was not disturbed. His house was near the north corner of Washington and Boylston Streets, and his land extended as far south as Castle Street, as shown by a decision of the Supreme Court in the middle of the last century. Avery Street was laid out through his land, and was 146 Subscription List. first known as Colbron's Lane. The signature is an autograph. Edwin Goodwin, hghterman and boatman, was in Boston as early as 1640. His homestead of half an acre was just west of Hanover on Commercial Street. He also owned land at Braintree. He died in 1694, an aged man. His signature is an autograph. James Johnson, glover, joined the "Ancients" in 1638; he was Third Sergeant in 1644, and Lieutenant in 1658. His home lot was on the corner of Court and the west side of Sudbury Street. He also had a garden on Tremont Street between West Street and Temple Place, and a house and land on the south side of Water Street. He was the original owner of the " Green Dragon Tavern " site and that of the " Blue Bell" on Batterymarch Street. The signature is an autograph. •John Newgat, hatter, came from Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England. He died in 1665. He owned lands at Rumney Marsh and built a house there, which stood till within a short time near the Boulevard in Revere. His house in Boston was on the east side of Washing- ton Street, between State Street and Dock Square, where he also had his shop, which was owned by Edward Gibbons. Thomas Bumsted, brazier and pewterer, came to New England in 1640, and first lived at Roxbury. He be- came a member of the "Ancients" in 1647. His house Building the First Town House. I47 and land were on the west side of Washington Street, next north of the corner of Court Street. He died 22 June, 1677. The signature is an autograph. Nathaniel Duncan, merchant, came in 1630, and was first at Dorchester. He became an ** Ancient " in 1638. He was Lieutenant of the Dorchester train-band in 1636, and afterward Captain. He was an accountant, and was made Auditor by the General Court. He died in 1669. Previous to 1655 he had a house on the west side of Exchange Street, which he purchased of William Franklin. He had a grant of five hundred acres, called " Cedar Brook in Sudbury nigh Mendon." He also owned land in Dorchester. The signature is an auto- graph. Peter Duncan, son of Nathaniel, became a member of the "Ancients" in 1654, and removed to Gloucester. John Wiswall, ironmonger, was first at Dorchester ; he removed to Boston and became a ruling elder of the Church, and was also a Deputy to the General Court. He died in 1687. He owned lands in Dorchester, at Rumney Marsh, and in Boston. His house was on Milk Street, between Hawley and Arch Streets. Joseph Wise, butcher, Roxbury, died 12 September, 1684, leaving a widow, and a son the Rev. John Wise, of Ipswich. Of the builders of the Town House a few words might be said. Of Thomas Joy a lengthy account is given in 148 Subscription List. the printed genealogy of " Thomas Joy and his Descend- ants " in which some of the documents noted are printed. Of his equal partner Bartholomew Barnard not so much is in print. He was at York as early as 1636 and came to Boston about 1650. His first wife's name was Alice and she died between 1656 and 1663. About the latter date he had married a wife by the name of Jane. In 1658 he had built him a new house, on land at the North End which he had purchased in 1654. It was located on the north corner of North Street and Fleet Street. Three years l^efore he had purchased land on Hanover, corner of Charter Street, which in 1665 he conveyed to his grandson Thomas, who was then at Southwark, near London, England. To his sons, Mat- thew and Richard Barnard, who were both carpenters, he gave a house and land during his life. On the land east of North Street on the water side he had a wharf and two warehouses, which were between Scarlett's wharf on the north and the Town Slip at the foot of Fleet Street on the .south. \x\ 1668 he mortgaged his dwelling, three shops, wharf, etc., to Major Robert Thompson, of London, but this was discharged the next year, when he sold his wharf. In 1671 Jane, his wife, was appro\'ed to keep a house of public entertainment "for the selling of coffee and chucaletta." The next year he had retired from active life, and in 1673 was licensed to .sell cider as well, and later bottle ale and beer. Building the First Town House. 149 It was in 1673 that Barnard sold his house and shop on the corner to Edward Cox, mariner. On this corner in the next century was the Castle Tavern, which, dur- ing the siege of Boston, was used as a barracks and torn down for fuel. In 1785 the land was purchased by Joseph Austin, baker, and here a bakery was located which was used into the next century. In 1845 part of the lot was taken for the widening of Fleet and North Streets. Thomas Hawkins, biscuit baker, was in Boston as early as 1638. He became a member of the "An- cients" in 1649. His house was first on the north side of Court Street next to the Rev. Jose Glover, who had a house on the corner of Washington Street. He also had land on Union Street, on the border of the Mill Pond. Here, on the south corner of Hanover Street, was his dwelling and bake-house. Later he kept an inn, and it was known as the "Bakers' Arms," after- wards the "Star Tavern." After his death, about 1678, his wife kept it. Later it was kept by Andrew Neal, and the meetings of the Scots Charitable Society were held here. In a copy of one deed signed by him his signature is " Hawkings " ; in other deeds copied in the records it is " Haukins " and " Hawkins." INDEX. I. INDEX OF NAMES. II. INDEX OF PLACES AND SUBJECTS. I. INDEX OF NAMES. Adames, Alex. 108 Adams, 66 Charles Francis 7 i John 62, 70 Samuel 53, 70 Addington, Isaac 10, 13, 18, 28, 34, 35 Alfford, 109 Allen, James 142 Alline, Ann Teft 136 Henry 136 John 136 Joseph 136 Judith 136 Anderson, John 107 Andrew, John A. 70,71, 97 Andrews, John 129 Andros, Edmund 13 Appleton, Samuel 25 Apthorp, Charles 47 Armstrong, Matthew 124 Samnel T. 80 Ashburton, Lord 67 Ashley, Thomas 130 Ashurst, William 18, 23 Atkinson, Theodore 115 Attucks, Crispus 57 Austin, Atty. Gen. 67 Joseph 149 Bainbridge, William 91 Baker, 107 Elizabeth 135 John 108, 135 Baker, Leah (Clark) 1 18 Mary 135 Rachel 119 Richard 135 Sarah 135 Thomas 118, 135 Ballantine, John 35 Ballard, Jarvis 127 Bancroft, George 54 Barloe, Bartholomew 108 Barnard, Alice 148 Bartholomew 148, 149 Jane 148 Matthew 148 Richard 148 Thomas 148 Barnes, Matthew 127, 144 Barre, Isaac 49 Barrell, George 113 John 112, 113, 142 Mary (Colbron) 142 Batterly [Battelle], Robert 126 Beale, Elizabeth (Pilkenton) 143 WilUam 143 Beamslleay [Beamsley], William 108, 144 Becks, Alexander 108 Belcher, Andrew 12, 13, 25, 35 Edward 108 Bellingham, Frances 1 1 1 Richard 111,138 William 111 154 Index of Names. Bennett, Samuel 1 29 Bernard, Francis 53 Bigelow, George Tyler 99 Biggs, John 135 Biglow, William 76 Bishop, 108 Black Hawk 67 Blacklach [Blackleach], John 138 Blackstone, William 82, 114 Blagrove. James 26 Nathaniel 25 Blaine, James G. 71 Blake, Henry 109 Lemuel 96 Blanchard, Josluia 45 Bligh, Samuel 125 Thomas 125 Bond, Joseph 129 Bonner, 41 Borland, John 16 Bowdoin, James 47 Brackett, Mary 1 14 Peter 114 Bradlee, J. Putnam 99 Bradshaw, Humphrey 129 Brattle, Elizabeth (Tyng) 135 Thomas 134 Breck, 84 Brenton, William 108 Bridgham, Henry 140 Bromer, George 129 Broomfield, Edward 1 1 Browne, William 108 Bulfinch, Charles 59 Bumsted, Thomas 146 Bunn, Edward 144 Elizabeth 144 Burdon, George 131 Burgess, 131 Elizabeth (Smith) 131 Burgoyne, Gen. John 57, 70 Burrows, William 91 Busby, Abraham 109 Buttolphe, Thomas 122 Button, John 125 Byfield, Deborah 119 Deborah (Clark) 119 Byfield, Nathaniel 119 Callender, Joseph 131 Lydia (Peirce) 131 Carter, Ann 141 Richard 107, 141 Cass, Lewis 62 Channing, William Ellery 66, 71 Chardon, Peter 47 Checkley, Jo. 109 Cheever, Bartholomew 145 Choate, Rufus 64, 69, 71 Church, Benjamin 25 Clark, Ann 119 Deborah 119 Elizabeth 116, 117, 119 John (Speaker) 18, 25, 30, V^, Leah 118 Mehitable 116, 117 Thomas 116-119 Clarke, Sarah (Richardson) 133 Thomas 108, 112 Timothy 133 Clement, Augustine 128 Elizabeth 128 Samuel 128 Clinton, Sir Henry 70 Clough, John 138 Cobb, Howell 71 Cockburn, George 92 Coffin, Charles C. 39,41 Ebenezer 16 Coggan, John 114 Mary 115 Coitmore, Sarah 124 Colbron, Mary 142 William 112, 142, 145 Cole, Ann Keayne 139 Cole, Margaret (Green) 139 Mary 143 Samuel 139, 143 Sarah 139 Collins, John 137 Coney, John 126, 127 Elizateth (Nash) 126 Conway, Henry S. 49 Cooke, Elisha 119 Richard 108, 119 117 Index of Navies. 155 Corser, William 144 Costebelle, de 19, 20 Cotton, William 108 Cowell, Ann (Carter) 141 Joseph 141 Cox, Edward 149 Cradock, Matthew 105 Cranston, Samuel 26 Cromwell, Thomas 133 Crooke, Ruth 138 Cunard, 67 Cunningham, Nathaniel 47 Cushing, Caleb 71 Daniel 143 Jeremy 143 Matthew 143 Thomas 46, 47 Dacres, James R. 89 Dafforn, John 128 Mary (Woodde) 128 Dalton, James 97 Damerill, Humphrey 140 John 140 Dana, Richard 54 Dassett, John 135 Davice [Davis], Anna 139 Samuel 139 Davies, James 141 Joanna 141, 142 Joshebeth 141 Davis, Benjamin 122 Jefferson 71 Major 59 Samuel 139 Sarah 139 William 122 Decatur, Stephen 61, 91 Deering, Henry US De Grasse, Count 58 De Joinville, Prince 67 Denis, de la Ronde 20-22 Deshon, Moses 51 D'Estaing, Count 58 Devver, Sampson 144 Thomas 144 Dexter, Arthur 48 Franklin 99 Dexter, Samuel 61 Dickens, Charles 85 Douglass, William IS Douse, Francis 131 Dowden, Leonard 130 Doyle, Prof. 15 Drowne, Shem 52, 94 Drury, Hugh 136 Duchesne, 81 Dudley, Joseph 10, 12, 14, IS, 25, 28, 29, 31,34 WilUam 15 Dummer, Jeremiah 18 Duncan, Nathaniel 147 Peter 147 Dunster, Henry 118 Dunton, John 12 Eavens, David 108 Edsell, Thomas 125 Eire, John 132 Maria 132 Simon 132 Eliot, 42 Ephraim 93 Emmons, Martha 129 Thomas 129 Endicott, John 1 1 1 English, Mary 143 William 143 Evered, John 112 Everett, Edward 69, 70 Everill, James 126 Fairbanks, Constance 127 Richard 119, 127, 134 Faneuil, Mary Anne 48 Peter 44-48 Farmer, John 110 Farnam, John 108 Fawer, Barnabas 127 Fich, Thomas 142 Floyd, John 134 Foster, 77 John 12, 13 Franklin, Benjamin 126, 140 William 147 Freake, EUzabeth (Clark) 117 John 117 156 Index of Names. Gage, Thomas 70 Gallop, John 124 Gardiner, William H. 99 Garrison, William Lloyd 63-65. Gawdren, IMary (Cole) 143 Gedney, William 34 George 111,49,57,71,89, 100 Gerrish, Anne (Parker) 114 William 114 Gibbons, Edward 146 Gibson, Christopher 139 William 137, 142 Gilligan, Fernando 143 Glover, Habakkuk 131, 137 Jose 118, 149 Goodwin, Edwin 146 Gordon, George M. 98 Gore, Samuel 55 Grant, Moses 97 Gray, Harrison 44 Green, Isaac 139 Margaret 139 Greene, Nathaniell 107 Grenleff, Edmond 134 Gridley, Mary 128 Richard 125, 128 Gross, Matthew 127 Hall, John 127 Hams, Marke 108 Hancock, John 52, 53, 58, 66, 88 Hanes, Anna 117 Harrison, John 128 William Henry 67 Harwood, Rachel (Smith) 134 Thomas 134 Haskell, John 76 Hawkins, John 140 Thomas 115, 133, 149 Hewes, Joshua 130 Robert Twelves 120 Hill, 108 Valentine 122 Hillard, George S. 71 Hobby, Charles 13, 25, 35 Holmes, Oliver W. SO Holt, Benjamin 75 Hopping, Nicholas 142 Hopping, Susanna (Jacklin) 142 Houchin, Jeremy 107, 109, HI Howe, 102 Elizabeth Bunn 144 Joseph 144 Richard (Lord) 70, 100 Hubbard, James Mascarene 7, 9 Hudson, William 120, 121 Hughes, Thomas 93 Hull, Isaac 59, 62, 70, 89 John 115 Robert 1 16 Hun, George 137 Nathanell 137 Hunniborne, Elizabeth (Sniilli) 131 George 131 Hunt, Ann Carter 141 John 141 Hutchinson, Ann 125 Edward 46, 47, 107 Eliakim 12 Elisha25, 117 Elizabeth (Clark) 117 Samuel 120 Thomas 10, 13, 25, 46, 47, 53, 117 William 120 Jacklin, Edmund 142 Samuel 142 Susanna 142 Jackson, Andrew 62, 70 Edmund 143 Elizabeth (Pilkenton) 143 Martha 143 Mary (Cole) 143 Jeffries, John 46 Johnson, James 146 Joliiife [Joyliffe], John 133 Jones, 48 Edward 48 John 48 John Coffin 61 Mary Anne (Faueuil) 48 Joy, Thomas 147, 148 Keayne, Ann 139 Robert 106, 125, 126, 139 Kemble, Henry 13!) Knight, Joanna (Davies) 142 Index of Names. 157 Knight, Richard 142 Robert 133 Kossuth, Louis 7 1 Kuhn, Jacob 93 Lafayette, General 59, 62, 70, 99 Lake, John 107 Thomas 116, 123 Lane, Edward 108 Lawrence, Abbott 68, 97 James 61, 70,89 Mary (Phillips) 129, 133 Robert 129, 133 Lawson, Roger 16 Leader, Richard 124 Leder, Thomas 108 Lemist, Samuel 129 Leverett, Tutor 33 Lewes, John 108 Lewis, Ezekiel 46, 47 Li Hie, Edward 134 Theophilus 54, 56 Lincoln, Abraham 68, 70, 71 Lincoln, Frederick W. 94 Littell, Thomas 129 Little, Ezekiel 76 Loring, Edward G. 99 Louis XIV 19, 22 Louis XVI 22 Lovejoy, E. T. 66 Lovell, John 49, 52, 71 Lowell, James Russell 2'i> John 132 Lyde, Deborah (Byfield) 119 Edward 119 Lyman, George W. 99 I^ynde, Joseph 13, 23, 25 Simon 109 Makepeace, Thomas 130 Manning, Anne (Parker) 114 John 114 Marshall, John 29 Tliomas 136, 142 Mascarene, Paul 17 Mason, Jeremiah 68 Raphfe 107 Masson, Arthur 141 Mather, 14 Mather, Increase 18, 23 Matson, Thomas 124 Mattock, Constance (Fairbanks) 127 James 127 Samuel 127 May, Perrin 83 Mayhew, 9 Messenger, Henry 145 Minot, John 135 Monroe, James 70 Moore, John 90 Joseph 108 Mulliken, Joseph 75 Munjoy, George 129, 13> John 133 Mary (Phillips) 129, 133 Myles, 14 Nanney, Kalherine (Wheelwright) 140 Robert 140 Napoleon 62 Nash, Elizabeth 126 Robert 126, 144 Nay lor, Edward 140 Katherine (Wheelwright) 140 Neal, Andrew 149 Negus, Benjamin 126 Newgat, John 146 Norden, Samuel 144 Nicholson, Francis 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18,21-25,27,29 Odell, Thomas 31,32, 33 Oliver, Andrew 47 Capt. 108 James 113 Nathaniel 113 Peter 112 Thomas 112, 113, 135 Otis, Harrison Gray 61, 68 James 52, 53, 66 John 25 Owen, Nathaniel 29 Paddy, William 130 Paine, John 114 Sarah (Parker) 114 William 113 Painter [Paynter], Thomas 118, 144 Parker, Anne 114 158 bidcx of Names. Parker, John 109, 114 Nicholas 139 Richard 113, IH Sarah 1 14 Theodore 7 1 Parkman, 91 Pateshall, Martha (Woodde) 12S Richard 124, 128 Robert 124 Payne, Elizabeth (Peirce) 131 Thomas 131 Payson, Thomas 76 Pears, John 137, 138 Samuel 138 Peirce, Elizabeth 131 Isabella 131 John 131 Joseph 131 Lydia 131 Pemberton, 14 Samuel 54 Pendleton, Captain 109 Penn, James 122 Pepys, Richard 114 Percival, Captain 99 Percy, Earl 78, 84 Phillips, Henry 126, 132 John 16, 128, 129, 133 Mary 128, 133 Nicholas 134 Wendell66, 67, 71 Zakary 108 Pilkenton, Elizabeth 143 Polk, James K. 70 Pontchartrain, Count 19, 22 Porter, Edward 134 Powell, Joseph 93 Powning, Henry 114 Price, William 48 Prince, John Tucker 73, 75 Prout, 29 Putnam, Israel 57 Quincy, Edmund 54, 70 Josiah 66 Ransford, 108 Raynolls [Raynals], Nathanell 140 Robert 107, 140 Reade, Ruth (Crooke) 138 William 138 Reading [Redding], Col. 22, 23, 25 Revere, Paul 94 Rhoades, John 127 Rice, Elizabeth 143 Joshua 143 Robert 143 Richards, 108 John 108 Richardson, Amos 129, 133 Ebenezer 54-56 Jeffrey 97 Sarah 133 Ritchie, Harrison 99 Robinson, Joseph 115 Mary (Coggan) 115 Thomas 115 Rocke, Joseph 108 Rodgers, John 61, 70 Rouse, William 16 Ruddock, John 54 Ruggles, Samuel 46 Safford, Dea. 80 Saltonstall, Gurdon 26 Sanderson, Robert 107 Sanford. Elizabeth (Smith) 131 James 131 Sargent, Henry 48 Savage, Ephraim 26 Thomas 107 Say well, David 125 Scot, Robert 120 Scotto [Scottow], John 137 Joshua 120, 137 Mehitabell 137 Sarah 137 Thomas 137 Sears, Francis 1 1 1 Mary 111 Selleck, David 139 Sendall, Samuel 144 Senter, John 139 Sarah (Cole) 139 Sergeant, Peter 11, 13 Sewall; Joseph 9 Index of Names. 159 Sewall, Samuel 9, 11, 12, 16, 18, 1?,, 25, 30, 32, l^^ Stephen 34 Seward, William 11.68, 70 Shaw, John 108 Robert G. 64 Sheafe, Jacob 122, 138 Sheafe, Margaret (Webb) 123 Shippen, Edward 118 Shirley, William 49 Shrimpton, Edward 132 Henry 132, 138 Samuel 132 Simpson, Dan. 98 Sinclair, 61 Skillings, Nehemiah W. 96 Slidell, John 71 Small, Major 57 Smibert, John 46, 48 Smith, Captain 61 Elizabeth 131 Francis 131 John 134 Rachel 134 Thomas 117 Snelling, Jonathan 76 Snider, Christopher 54, 55 Spurr, Zeph 100 Staines [Stanes] Richard 127 Starr, Comfort 132 Stevens, 1 19 Elizabeth (Clark) 119 Stevenson. Thomas G. 98 Stoddard, Anthony 107, 132 Stokes, James 129 Story, Rowland 127 Stoughton, Elizabeth (Clark) 117 Israel 117 Rebecca 117 William 117 Strong, Caleb 84, 90 Sullivan, George 96 Sumner, Charles 70 Elizabeth (Clement) 128 William 128 Sunderland, John 123 Sweete, John 108 Swett, Samuel 96 Swift, Robert 120 Tailer, Rebecca (Stoughton) 117 William 117 Tarne, Elizabeth (Rice) 143 Mieles 143 Tay, William 138 Taylor, Col. 25 Richard 109 Zachary 68 Teft, Ann 136 William 136 Thaxter, Samuel 94 Thomas, Evan 108, 121 Thompson, Robert 148 Thorne, Nathaniel 137 Tileston, John 76 Tower, -'Old" 92 Wolf 92 Townsend, Penn 11-13,22 Trusdell, Deacon 108 Tuells [Twelves.?], Robert 120 Turner, Robert 119, 134 Turrell [Turill], Daniel 113, 142 Mary (Colbron) 142 Tyler, John 67, 70 Tyng, Edward 1 1 1 Elizabeth 135 Mary (Sears) 111 W'illiam 135 Usher, Hezekiah 121 Vaudreuii, Marquis de 19 Veazie, 100 Vernon, Edward 94 Vetch, Samuel 15-17, 23, 25 W'aite, Gamaliel 108 Waker [Walker], Ann 140 Elizabeth 140 Isaack 123 John 140 Samuel 140 Susanna 123 Thomas 140 Waldo, Samuel 46, 47 Waldron, George 119 Isaac 114 Rachel (Bakei) 119 i6o Index of Names. Walker, Hoveiiden 21. 22 Isaac 123 Robert 118 Thomas 131 Walley, John 11 Warren, Humphrey 117 John Borlasse 92 Joseph 70 Mehitable (Clark) 117 Washington, George 58. 59, 71, 78, 90 Waterson & Pray 93 Watkins, Walter Kendall 103, 105 Wayte, Richard 127 Webb, 109 Henry 109, 123, 134 John 112 Margaret 122 Rufiis 76 Webster, Daniel 67-70 Welles, Arnold 97 Wellington, Duke of 90 Wenborne, William 108 Wendell, Jacob 47 Wharton, Mary 127 Philip 127, 128 Rebecca 127 Wheelwright, John 124, 125, 139, 140, 145 Katherine 140 Whitmore, William H. 107. 109, HI Whittier, John G. 64 Whitwel, William 108 Wightman, Joseph M. 110, 111, 120, 137 William of Orange 13 Williams, Hugh 108, 124 John 124 Mary 114 Nathaniell 114 Robert 124 Sarah (Coitmore) 124 Willis, Mical 108 Wilson, Henry 71 John 138 Winchester, 100 Wing, Cord 141 John 141 Joshebeth (Davies) 141 Robert 142 Winslow, Isaac 23 Winthrop, Adam 46, 47, 113 John 42, 105, 113, 115, 122, 133, 145 Winthrop, Robert C. 70 Wait 13, 14,22,27 Wise, John 147 Joseph 147 Wiswall, John 147 Woodbury, Levi 62 Woodde [Woodie], Martha 128 Mary 128 Richard 128 Woodward, Robert 134 Wvmaii, William 93 II. INDEX OF PLACES AND SUBJECTS. Abbotsham, England 133 Aisthorpe, England 1 1 1 Albany, N. Y. 15 Alton, 111. 65, 66 Ancient and Honorable Artiller)' 11, 62, 106, 112-116, 118-121, 123, 125, 126, 129-132, 135-137, 139, 140, 142, 143, 145-147, 149 Annapolis Basin 35 .\nti-Slavery Society 63 " Argus," Frigate 61 Ashen, England 1 14 Ashford, England 132 Baltimore 63 Batcombe, England 138 Beachmont 122 Bedfordshire, England 112 Belfast, Ireland 143 " Belvidera," Frigate 92 Bethnal Green, England 132 Bideford, England 133 Billerica 138 Bird Island 128 Block Island 124 Boston : Adams House 141 Bakers' Arms 149 Baptist Church (Bowdoin Square) 82 Beacon Hill 41, 78, 81, 90, 93 Bendall's Dock 116 Blue Anchor Tavern 119 Boston (cont'd) Blue Bell Tavern 146 Bowdoin Square 82, 93 Boylston Hall 98 Brattle Street Meeting House 45 Brazer's Building 106 Brimmer School 76 Bunch of Grapes Tavern 57, 94 Cadets 97 Castle Tavern 120, 136, 141, 149 Causeway 101 Central Wharf 95 Centre Market 46 Centre School 76 Gentry Field 122 Christ Church 55, 63 Church Green 43 City Hall 109, 119, 137 City Point 96 Common 67, 77, 79-80, 96, 98, 99, 118 Flagstaff Hill 78 Frog Pond 77, 78 Great Elm 77 Long Path 80 MaU 77, 79 Wishing Stone 80 Copp's Hill 92, 123, 142 Cotton Hill 11 Deering's Corner 115 Drawbridge 127, 130, 140 Exchange Building 105 1 62 Index of Places and Subjects. Boston {confd) Exchange Coffee House 61, 62, 90 First Church 106, 114, 119. 122, 134, 136, 143 " Flower de Luce '' 143 Fort Hill lis, 120, 128 Free School 115, 125, 126, 135 Great Tree, Washington Street 42 Green Dragon Tavern 25, 26, 38, 146 Gridley's Pasture 125 Griffin's Wharf 66 Hart's Shipyard 89 India Wharf 95 Julien House 140 King's Chapel Burial Ground 106, 121,136,145 Latin School 49, 75, 76 Liberty Tree 42, 55 Long Wharf 41,89,95 Massacre 57 Memorial History of 121, 124 Mill Creek 123, 133, 136, 137 Mill Pond 113, 127, 149 Neck 42, 132 New England Guards 96-98 Noah's Ark Tavern 133 North Battery 41, 130 North End 76, 113, 116. 130, 132, 142, 144, 148 North Row 93 Nortli Grammar School 76 Old North Meeting House 42 Old South Church 11, 5?, 63, 80, 93, 112, 120, 135 Old State House 9,41,75,107,130, 138 Old Court House 113 Oliver's Dock 133 Orange Tree Iim 143 Paddock Elms 83 Parkman's Market House 91 Province House 11, 84 Queen's Chapel 22, 29 Red Lion Inn 143 Revere House 82 Kope Field 128 Rose and Crown Tavern 132 Boston {cont^d) Royal Exchange Tavern 132 Salutation Tavern 144 Scarlett's Wharf 10, 148 Scots Charitable Society 144, 149 Ship Tavern 115 South Row 93 South Grammar School 76 Scottow's Wharf 144 Second Church 129, 139, 142 Seven Star Inn 133 Star Tavern 149 St. Paul's Church 131 Swedenborgian Church 79 Town Dock 41, 42, 127, 131, 141, 142, 144 Town House 10, 43, 107, 110, 114, 126, 129, 147 Town Slip 148 Town's Commissioners 106, 109 Tremont House 83 Tremont Temple 83 West Row 93 West Grammar School 75, 76 Boston, England 111 " Boxer," Frigate 91 Braintree 29, 120, 124, 146 Brazil 91 Bristol, R. 1. 119, 140 Brookhne 116 Bury St. Edmunds, England 115, 146 Cambridge 42, 113, 119, 121, 122, 129 Cambridge Bridge 84 Canada 14, 20, 21, 51, 86,90 Canterbury, England 145 Cape Cod 86 Cape Porpoise, Me. 130 Carolina 26 Castle William (I'ort Independence) 9, 13,21-23,32,33 Cedar Brook 147 Charles River 42, 57, 78, 79 Charleston, .S. C. 64 Charlestown 13, 58, 79, 82, 134, 135, 144 Cliarlestown Bridge 101 " Chesapeake." Frigate 89 Index of Places and Subjects. 163 Chelmsford 112, 145 Chelsea 1 1 1 Belli ngham-Cary House 111 Civil War 68, 97 Cobble Hill 58 Concord Artillery 82 Concord, N. H. 62, 110 " Congress," Frigate 61 Connecticut 16, 26, 57 " Constitution," Frigate 41, 60, 61, 89, 91 Cranbrook, England 122 Darien Expedition 15 Dartmouth Island 101 Dedham 132 Devon, England 114, 133, 142 Dorchester 42, 116, 117, 128, 130, 135 138, 139, 147 Dorchester Train-band 147 Dorset, England 133 Dover, N. H. 114, 119 Dunstable 112, 135 East Boston Ferry Slip 89 Eastham 123 East Stour, England 133 " Enterprise," Frigate 91 Essex 71 Essex County 34 Essex, England 114, 139 Everett 135 Exeter 135 Faneuil Hall 39, 41, 47-59, 61,65-70, 72,88,94,97, 126 Fifty-fourth Mass. Regiment 64 Fort Independence 97. 98 — Strong 82, 97 — Sumter 89 — Wagner 64, 65 Forty-fourth Mass. Regiment 98 Gloucester 147 Granary Burial Ground 51, 56, 83, 14! " Guerriere," Frigate 61, 89 Guildford, Conn. 123 Hartford, Conn. 138 Harvard College 66, 115, 122, 130 Haverhill 129 Hingham 143 Honourable Artillery Company of London 106 "Hornet," Frigate 61 Hull 23 Instow, England 142 Ipswich 113, 135, 143, 147 Jamaica 22 "Java," Frigate 91 Kennebec, Me. 123, 124, 135 Kent, England 122, 132 King Philip's War 120, 129, 135 Kittery, Me. 114 Lake Erie 68 Leighton Buzzard, England 112 Lincolnshire, England 1 1 1 Liverpool, England 67 London, England 18, 105, 106, 111, 124,130, 132, 140, 148 Long Island 126, 139 Louisiana 91 " Macedonian," Frigate 91 Maiden 144 Marblehead 34, 143 Marlborough, England 112 Marshfield 69 Martinique, Island of 22 Maryland 14 Massachusetts Historical Society 11, 29,48, 106, 107, 110 Massachusetts Bay Company 105, 145 Melville Island 101 Mendon 147 Menotomy 129, 135 Mersey, England 139 Mexican War 68 Military Company of the Massachu- setts 106 Muddy River 116, 126, 138 Mystic River 57 Nantasket 35 Narragansett 135 — Bay 58 — Fight 115 Nashaway 123 Navy Yard, Charlestown 62, 85, 92 New England Gas Works 135 Newbury 132, 134 164 Index of Places and Subjects. Newburyport 63 Newfoundland 19, 21 New Hampshire 28-30, Z(^, i I 5 New Orleans, La. 63 Newport 28, 129 New Rochelle, N. Y. 44 Newtowne [Cambridge] 42 New York 14, 15, 19, 58 Niagara Falls 68 Noddle's Island 82, 97 Nova Scotia 10, 14-19, 21, 27,, 35 " Old Ironsides," Frigate 89 Oxford University, England 15 Penny Ferry, Charlestown 135 Plymouth 23, 130 Port Royal, N. S. 17, 18, 26 Portsmouth, N. H. 91 Portsmouth, R. I. 120 '■' President," Frigate 61 Prison Ship, Boston Harbor 99, I Provincial Post Office 94 Quebec 15, 19 Quinebaug 135 Reading, England 128 Rehoboth 132 Revere 146 Rhode Island 16, 26-28 Richmond, Va. 64 Roxbury 10,34,42, 122-124. 128. 134, 146, 147 Roxbury Train-band 130 Rumney Marsh 139, 146, 147 Rye, N. Y. 142 Saco, Me. 124 131, Salem 123 -Saugus 113 Savannah, Ga. 64 Saybrook, Conn. 137 Scituate 115, 132 " Shannon," Frigate 92 South Carolina 14 Southwark, England 148 Spectacle Island 141, 142 Stonington, Conn. 133 Sudbury 136, 147 Suffolk, England 112, 115, 140, 146 Suffolk Regiment 116 Suffolk Troop 135 Taunton 114 " Tenedos," Frigate 92 j Texas 68 I The Sea Fencibles 96 I Ticonderoga, N. Y. 57 Twentieth Mass. Regiment 98 Twenty-fourth Mass. Regiment 98 " United Slates," Frigate 61, 91, 99 Vermont 86 Virginia 14, 26 Watertown 42, 132, 139 Welton 117 West Indies 81, 116 Wethersfield, Conn. 137, 138 Weymouth 29, 138 Wiltshire, England 112 Winnisimmett 138, 139 Wokingham, England 128 Wormwood Point 135 York, Me. 116, 148 I» LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 0013996 6144» igiiiii^