• rr E 717 ' .7 .U5 Copy 1 m '^<<^ '>- 1^\- ■'b K^ '^- ^\ ^" -n. ^, .^^ -c-s^^ % t*^' THE WAR WITH SPAIN. OPEPwiTIONS OP THE UNITED STATES NAYY ON THE ASIATIC STATION. REPORTS OS" REAR-ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY ON THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY, MAY 1, 1898, AND ON THE INVESTMENT AND FALL OF MANILA, MAY 1 TO AUGUST 13, 1898. WA^IllNGTOlT: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1900. Hoos Coilectio: 190163 1 O I o THE WAR WITH SPAIN. / / OPERATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES NAYY ON THE ASIATIC STATION. REPORTS OB' REAR-ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY ON THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY, MAY 1, 1898, AND ON THE INVESTMENT AND FALL OF MANILA, MAY 1 T^^ '^JGUST 13, 1898. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1900. t Til tL^ en LP MYAL BATTLE OF MANILA BAY, MAY 1, 1898. HON.aKONG, April 4, 1898. Secretary of the Navy, WasMngton: I have chartered the British steamer Kanshan, having over 3,000 tons of coal now on board. Before the outbreak of hostilities can and would purchase this steamer. I request the earliest information in order to conclude arrangements. Can not be made after the outbreak of hostilities. Dewey. Washington, April 6, 1898. Dewey, Honglcong: Purchase immediately Kanshan and one more vessel for supplies. Charge special appropriation. Send the receipts to the Department. Enlist for special service, if possible, one year, unless sooner discharged, the crew of. Detach and order assume command of each an officer. Arm if possible. War may be declared. Condition very critical. Long. Washington, April 6, 1898. Dewey, Hongl-ong: The receipt of telegram of April 4 is acknowledged. I approve action. Expedite delivery. April 6 may be last opportunity. Long. Hongkong, April 6, 1898. Secretary of Kavy, WasJiington, D. C. : I have purchased Nanslian and I have engaged her crew. Will detail an officer for command. I have ordered three officers, 50 men from ilfo»ocacjf/ to fill vacancies here. Ihope to get another steamer. * * * The receipt of telegram April 6 acknowledged, to expedite delivery. Dewey. Washington, April 7, 1898. Dewey, Honglwng: Land all woodwork, stores, etc., it is not considered necessary to have for operations. Long. Hongkong, April 9, 1898. Secretary of Kavy, WasMngton: I have purchased the British steamer Zafiro, for supplies, for £18,000 sterling. I will arm, equii), and man vessel immediately. Dewey. Washington, April 21, 1898. Dewey, Hongl-ong The naval force on the North Atlantic Station are blockading Cuba. War has not yet been declared. War may be declared at any moment. I will inform you. Await orders. Long. Washington, April 24, 1898. Dk'U'E Y, Hongliong : War has commenced between the United States and Spain. Proceed at once to Philippine Islands. Commence operations at once, particu- larly against the Spanish fleet. You must capture vessels or destroy.- Use utmost endeavors. Long. Hongkong, Ajn-il 25, 1898. Secretary of ]!^avy, Washington: The squadron will leave for Manila, Philippine Islands, immediately upon the arrival of the United States consul from Manila. Dewey. Hongkong, April 25, 1898. Secretary of Kavy, Washington: In accordance with the request of the governor of Hongkong, the squadron leaves to-day for Mirs Bay, China, to await telegraphic instructions. Address, Hongkong. I will communicate by tug. Dewey. Washington, April 26, 1898. ' Dewey, Songlxong: Following proclamation of the President of the United States is for- warded for your information : Whereas, by an act of Congress approved April 26, 1898, it is declared that war exists and that war has existed since the 21st day of April, A. D. 1898, including said day, between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain; and whereas, it being desirable that such war should be conducted upon priuciiiles in harmony with the present views of nations and sanctioned by their recent practice, it has already been announced that the policy of this Government will be not to resort to privateering, but to adhere to the rules of the declaration of Paris : Now, therefore, I, William McKinley, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the power vested in me by the Constitution and the laws, do hereby declare and pro- claim : One, the neutral flag covers the enemy's goods, with the exception of contra- band of war: two, neutral goods, contraband of war, are not liable to confiscation under the enemy's flag; three, blockades, in order to be binding, must be effective; four, Spanish merchant vessels in any ports or places within the United States shall be allowed till May 31st, 1898, inclusive, for loading their cargoes and departing from such ports or places, and such Spanish merchant vessels, if met at sea by any United States ship, shall be permitted to continue theix voyage, if, on examination of their papers, it shall appear that their cargoes were taken on board before the expiration of the above term, provided that nothing herein contained shall apply to Spanish vessels having on board any officer in the military or naval service of the enemy, or any coal, except such as may be necessary for their voyage, or any other article prohibited or contraband of war, or any despatch of or to the Spanish Gov- ernment; five, any Spanish merchant vessel which, prior to April 21, 1898, shall have sailed from any foreign port, or place in the United States, shall be permitted to enter such port or place, and to discharge her cargo, and afterwards, forthwith, to depart without molestation, and any such vessel, if met at sea by any United States ship, shall be permitted to continue her voyage to any port not blockaded; six, the right of search is to be exercised with strict regard for the rights of neutrals, and the voyages of mail steamers are not to be interfered with except on the clearest grounds of suspicion of a violation of law, in respect to contraband or blockade. In witness wliereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. 8 Done at the city of Washington on the 26th day of April, in the year of onr Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-eight, and of the Independenee of the United States the one hundred and twenty-second. By the President : John Sherman, Secretary of State William McKinley. Long. Hongkong, April 27, 1898. Secretahy of Navy, Washington : AVilliaras, the United States consul from Manila, has arrived. The squadron will sail immediately for the Philippine Islands. Dewey. Hongkong, May 7, 1898. (Manila, May 1.) Secretary of the Navy, Washington : The squadron arrived at Manila at daybreak this morning. Imme- diately engaged enemy and destroyed the following Spanish vessels: Beina Christina, Castillia, Don Antonio de Biloa, Bon Juan de Austria, Isla de Luzon, Isla de Giiha, General Lezo, Marquis del Buaro, El Curreo, Velasco, one transport, Isla de Mandano, water battery at Oavite. I shall destroy Cavite arsenal dispensatory. The squadron is uninjured. Few men were slightly wounded. I request the Department will send •immediately from San Francisco fast steamer with ammunition. The only means of telegraphing is to the American consul at Hongkong. Dewey. Washington, May 3, 1898. Dewey (care American consul), Eonghong: I send hearty congratulations to yourself and your ofiicers and men. The President highly appreciates your achievement. I await report from you, on receipt of which further action will be taken and any supplies that you wish will be forwarded. Long. Hongkong, May 7, 1898. (Cavite, May 4.) Secretary of the Navy, Washington: I have taken possession of the naval station at Cavite, Philippine Islands, and destroyed its fortifications. Have destroyed fortifications bay entrance, paroling garrison. Have cut cable to main land. I con- trol bay comi)letely and can take city at any time, but I have not suffi- cient men to hold. The squadron excellent health and spirits. The Spanish loss not fully known; very heavy; 150 killed, including cap- tain, on Beina Gristina, alone. I am assisting and protecting Spanish sick and wounded, 250 in number, in this hospital, within our lineb. Will ammunition be sent! I request answer without delay. I can supply squadron coal and provisions for a long period. Much excite- ment at Manila. Scarcity of provisions on account of not having econo- mized stores. Will protect foreign residents. Dewey. Washington, May 7, 1898. Dewey (care American consul) Honglwng : The President, in the name of the American people, thanks you and your oiificersand men for your splendid achievement and overwhelming victory. In recognition he has appointed you acting rear-admiral, and will recommend a vote of thanks to you by Congress as a founda- tion for further j)romotion. The Charleston will leave at once with what ammunition she can carry. Pacific Mail Steamship Company's steamer FeMn will follow with ammunition and supplies. Will take troops unless you telegraph otherwise. How many will you require ! Long. Washington, May 7, 1898. Sir: Under the authority of section 1434 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, you have been assigned to the command of the United States naval force on the Asiatic Station, with the rank of rear- admiral. You will hoist the flag of a rear-admiral, will wear the uniform, and will affix that title to your official signature. Eespectfully, John D. Long, Secretary. Commodore George Dewey, U. S. N., Commander in Chief U. S. Naval Force^ Asiatic Station, U. S. Flagship Olymj^ia. Hongkong, June 17, 1898. (Cavite, June 12.) Secretary of Nayy, Washington: The following is correct list Spanish vessels destroyed May 1: Two protected cruisers, Isla de Cuba, Isla de Luzon; five unprotected cruisers, Beina Christina, Castilla, Don A^itonio de Ulloa, Don Juan de Austria, VelasGO ; two gunboats. General Lezo, Marquis del Duero ; one transport, Isla de Mindano ; one surveying vessel, Argos, both armed. The follow- ing have been captured: One transport, Manila; one gunboat, Callao. Dewey. Manila, November 26, 1898. Secretary Navy, Washington: Isla de Luzon, Isla de Cuba, and Don Juan de Austria have been raised and docked. My anticipations as to their value fully realized. Will leave shortly for Hongkong under their own steam. Constructor Capps deserving highest commendation. Dewey. 119197. [Report of engagement of squadron with Spanish forces at Manila Bay.] No. 240 D.] U. S. Naval Force on Asiatic Station, Flagship Olympia, Cavite, Fhilippine Islands, May 4, 1898. Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report of the opera- tions of the squadron under my command: The squadron left Mirs Bay on April 27, immediately on the arrival 10 of Mr. O. F. Williams, United States consul at Manila, who brought imi)ortant information and who accompanies the squadron. Arrived off Boliuao on the moruiug of April 30 and, finding no ves- sels there, proceeded down the coast and arrived oif the entrance to Manila Bay on the same afternoon. The Boston and Concord were sent to reconnoiter Port Subic, I hav- ing been informed that the enemy intended to take position there. A thorough search of the port was made by the Boston and Concord^ but the Spanish fleet was not found, although, from a letter afterwards found in the arsenal (inclosed with translation), it appears that it had been their intention to go there. Entered the Boca Grande, or south channel, at 11.30 p. m., steaming in column at distance at 8 knots. After half the squadron had passed, a battery on the south side of the channel opened tire, none of the shots taking effect. The Boston and McCulloch returned the fire. The squadron proceeded across the bay at slow speed, and arrived off Manila at daybreak, and was fired upon at 5.15 a. m. by three bat- teries at Manila and two at Cavite and by the S])anish fleet anchored in an approximately east and west line across the mouth of BakorBay, with their left in sboal water in Canacao Bay. The squadron then proceeded to the attack, the flagship Olympia, under my personal direction, leading, followed at distance by the Balti- more, BaJeigh, Petrel, Concord, and Boston, in the order named, which formation was maintained throughout the action. The squadron opened fire at 5.41 a. m. While advancing to the attack, two mines Avere exploded ahead of the flagship, too far to be eflective. The squadron maintained a continuous and precise fire at ranges varying from 5,000 to 2,000 yards, countermarching in a line approxi- mately parallel to that of the Spanish fleet. The enemy's fire was vigorous, but generally iuelfective. Early in the engagement two launches put out toward the Olympia with the apparent intention of using torpedoes. One was sunk and the other disabled by our fire and beached before an opportunity occurred to fire torpedoes. At 7 a. m. the Spanish flagship Reina Chris- tina made a desperate attempt to leave the line and come out to engage at short range, but was received with such galling fire, the entire bat- tery of the Olympia being concentrated upon her, that she was barely- able to return to the shelter of the point. The fires started in her by our shell at this time were not extinguished until she sank. At 7.35 a. m., it having been erroneously reported to me that only 15 rounds per gun remained for the 5-inch rapid-fire battery, I ceased firing and withdrew the squadron for consultation and a redistribution of ammunition, if necessary. The three batteries at Manila had kept up a continuous fire from the beginning of the engagement, which fire was not returned by this squadron. The first of these batteries was situated on the south mole head at the entrance to the Pasig River, the second on the south bastion of the walled city of Manila, and the third at Malate, about one-half mile farther south. At this point I sent a message to the Governor- General to the effect that if the batteries did not cease firing the city would be shelled. This had the eftect of silencing them. At 11.10 a. m., finding that the report of scarcity of ammunition was incorrect, I returned with the squadron to the attack. By this time the tlagsliip and almost the entire Spanish fleet were in flames, and at 12.30 1). m. the squadron ceased firing, the batteries being silenced and the ships sunk, burnt, and deserted. 11 At 12.40 p. m. the squadron returned and anchored off Manila, the Petrel being left behind to complete the destruction of the smaller gun- boats, which were behind the point of Cavite. This duty was performed by Commander E. P. Wood in the most expeditious and comxjlete manner possible. The Spanish lost the following vessels: Sunk — Beina Christina, CastUla, Don Antonio de TJJloa. Burnt — Don Juan de Austria, Isla de Luzon, Isla de Cuba, General Lezo, Marques del Duero, El Gorreo, Velasco, and Isla de Mindanao (transport). Captured — Bapido and Hercules (tugs) and several small launches. I am unable to obtain complete accounts of the enemy's killed and wounded, but believe their loss to be very heavy. The Beina Ghristina alone had 150 killed, including the captain, and 90 wounded. I am happy to report that the damage done to the squadron under my command was inconsiderable. There were none killed, and only 7 men in the squadron very slightly wounded. As will be seen by the reports of the commanding officers which are herewith inclosed, several of the vessels were struck and even penetrated, but the damage was of the slightest, and the squadron is in as good condition now as before the battle. I beg to state to the Department that I doubt if any commander in chief, uuder similar circumstances, was ever served by more loyal, effi- cient, and gallant captains than those of the squadron now under my command. Capt. Frank Wildes, commanding the Boston, volunteered to remain in command of his vessel, although his relief arrived before leaving Hongkong. Asst. Surg. C. P. Kindleberger, of the Olympia, and Gunner J. C. Evans, of the Boston, also volunteered to remain after orders detacbiug them had arrived. The conduct of my personal staff was excellent. Commander B. P. Lamberton, chief of staff, was a volunteer for that position aud gave me most efficient aid. Lieut. T. M. Brumby, flag lieutenant, and Ensign W. P. Scott, aid, performed their duties as signal officers in a highly creditable manner. The Olyinpia being short of officers for the battery. Ensign H. H. Caldwell, flag secretary, volunteered for and was assigned to a subdivision of the 5-inch battery. Mr. J. L. Stickney, formerly an officer in the United States Navy, and now correspondent for the New York Herald, volunteered for duty as my aid, and rendered valuable service. While leaving to the commanding officers to comment on the conduct of the officers and men under their commands, I desire especially to mention the coolness of Lieut, C. G. Calkins, the navigator of the Olympia, who came under my personal observation, being on the bridge with me throughout the entire action, and giving the ranges to tbe guns with an accuracy that was proven by the excellence of the firing. On May 2, the day following the engagement, the squadron again went to Cavite, where it remains. A landing party was sent to destroy the guns and magazines of the batteries there. The first battery, near the end of Sangley Point, was composed of two modern Trubia B. L. ritles of 15 centimeters caliber. The second was 1 mile farther down the beach, and consisted of a modern Cauet 12 centimeter B. L. rifle behind improvised earthworks. On the 3d the military forces evacuated the Cavite Arsenal, which was taken possession of by a landing party. On the same day the 12 Faleigh and Baltimore secured the surrender of the batteries on Corre- gidor Island, paroling the garrison and destroying the guns. On the morning of May 4 the transport Manila, which had been aground in Bakor Bay, was towed off" and made a prize. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, George Dewey, Commoflorc^ U. S. -Y., Commanding U. 8. Naval Force on Asiatic station. The Secretaet of the Navy, Washington, D. (Bureau of Navigation.) C. 134535. 119197. [Complements of Spanish vessels destroyed at Manila.] No. 374-M.] U. S. Naval Force on Asiatic Station, Flagship Olympia, Cavite, Philippine Islands, July 9, 1693. Sir : Referring to section 4635 of the Revised Statutes, 1 have the honor to forward the following list of the complements of the vessels of the enemy destroyed by the squadron under my command in the battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898, taken from the official list of the Spanish Navy: Ship. Total comple- ment. Keina Christina Castilla Don Juan deAn.stria. Don Antonio de UUoa Isla de Cuba Isla de Luzon Marques del Duero . . . General Lezo Argos Velaaco 352 349 179 159 156 156 96 115 87 147 1,796 The Trans- Atlantic Company's steamer Isla de Mindanao was armed and took part in the battle, and was also destroyed. Her complement is not known, but it is estimated at 120. From the above it appears that the enemy had more men in this engagement than tae United States squadron. In this connection I beg to invite the attention of the Department to a letter from the com- manding officer of the Petrel, dated June 26, 1898, which has already been forwarded and which gives a statement by one of the crew of the Keina Christina, showing that the crews of the Spanish vessels were largely in excess of the complements given here. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, George Dewey, Rear- Admiral, U. 8. Y., Commanding U. 8. Naval Force on Asiatic Station. The Secretary of the Navy, Navy Department, ^¥ashington, D. G, (Bureau of Navigation.) H * % i » 1 f 1 ^ Q o < ■*■ > o 5 D 1. < # CO ;-• 13 119197. [Report of engagement at Manila Bay.] Fo. 6-0.] U. S. Flagship Olympia, Off Manila, PMUpplne Islands, May 3, 1898. Sir : 1 have the honor to make the following report of this ship's engagement with the enemy od May 1 : On April 30 we stood down for the entrance to Manila Bay. At 9.42 p. m. the crew were called to general quarters (the ship having been previously cleared for action) and remained by their guns, ready to return the fire of the batteries if called upon. At about 11.30 p. m. we passed through Boca Grande entrance of Manila Bay. The lights on Corrigidor and Caballo islands and on San Nicolas Banks were extinguished. After this ship had passed in the battery on the southern shore of entrance opened fire at the ships astern, and the McGulloch and the Boston returned the fire. At 4 a. m. of May 1 coffee was served out to officers and men. At daybreak sighted shipping at Manila. Shifted course to southward and stood for Cavite. At 5.06 two submarine mines were exploded near, Cavite bearing south-southeast, distant 4 miles. At 5.15 battery on Shangly Point opened fire, but the shell fell short. Other shells passed over us, ranging 7 miles. At 5.41 a. m. we opened fire on Spanish ships with forward 8-inch guns, which were soon followed by the 5-inch bat- tery. A rapid fire was kept up until the close of the action. The range varied from 5,600 to 2,000 yards. A torpedo boat ran out and headed for this ship, but was finally driven back by our secondary battery. She came out a second time and was again repulsed. This time she had to be beached, as several shot had hit her. Batteries from Manila fired occasional shots at the ships during the action, but did no damage. At 6.20 turned to starboard and headed back in front of the Spanish line. The Olynqna led the column three times to the westward and twice to the eastward in front of the Spanish shij)s and shore batteries. On one occasion the Spanish flagship Beina Cristina was hit by an 8-inch shell from our forward turret and raked fore and aft. At 7.35 ceased firing and stood out into Manila Bay. The men went to breakfast. Many of the Spanish ships were seen to be on fire, and when we -returned at 11.16 to complete the destruction of the Spanish fleet only one, the Don Antonio de TJlloa, and the shore batteries returned our fire. The former was sunk and the latter were silenced. At 12.40 p. m. stood back to Manila Bay and anchored. Besides making the ordinary preparations of clearing ship for action, the heavy sheet chains were faked up and down over a bufler of awnings against the sides in wake of the 5-inch ammunition hoists and afforded a stanch protection, while iron and canvas barricades were placed in various places to cover guns' crews and strengthen moderate defenses. The vessel was struck or slightly hulled as follows: (1) Plate indented 1^ inches starboard side of superstructure just for- ward of second 5-inch sponson. (2) Three planks torn up slightly in wake of forward turret on star- board side of forecastle. (3) Port after shrouds of fore and main rigging. (4) Strongback of gig's davits hit and slightly damaged. (5) Hole in frame of ship between frames 65 and QQ on starboard side below jnain deck railj made by a 6-pounder. 14 (6) Lashing of port whaleboat davit carried away by shot. (7) Oue of the rail stanchions carried away outside of port gangway. (8) Hull of ship indented on starboard side 1 foot below main-deck rail and 3 feet abaft No. 4 coal port. The forward 8-iuch guns fired 23 shells. The ammunition hoist was temporarily out of commission on account of the blowing of the fuse. The right gun worked well with the electrical batteries. Battery of left gun failed to explode the primer after the first shot; also resistance lamp in dynamo circuit broken. Used percussion primers in this gun with good results after the first shot. The after turret fired 13 shells. Had three misfires with battery of right gun and two with dynamo circuit, as fuses blew out. In renew- ing fuses they were immediately blown out; so shifted to percussion primers with good results. In left gun 1 shell jammed, after which used half-full and half-reduced charge, which fired it. Battery of this gun gave good results. One primer failed to check gas. The smoke from the 5-inch battery and from the forward 8-inch guns gave considerable trouble, and in both turrets the object glass of the telescopic sights became covered with a deposit from the powder and had to be wiped off frequently. These are, nevertheless, considered good sights for heavy guns; but it is recommended that bar sights be installed in case of emergency, as there is no provision for sighting other than with the telescopes. The batteries for the 5-inch guns found to be unreliable. Used dynamo circuit on 3 guns with good results. Ammunition poor. Many shell became detached from the cases on loading and had to be rammed out from the muzzle. Several cases jammed in loading and in extracting. Guns and gun mounts worked well. Fired about 281 o-inch shell. Tfie 6pouuder battery worked to perfection, firiug 1,000 rounds. Fired 300 rounds of 1-pounder and ],000 rounds of small-arm ammunition. From 9.42 p. m. of April 30 till 12.40 p. m. May 1, two divisions of the engineer's force worked the boilers and engines, keeping up steam and working well, notwithstanding the heat of the fire and engine rooms. The third division worked at their stations in the powder division. The ship needs no immediate repairs and is in excellent condition to engage the enemy at any time. There were no casualties nor wounded on this ship. Where every officer and man did his whole duty there is only room for general praise. Pay Inspector D. A. Smith, Fleet Pay Clerk Wm. J. Eightmire, and Pay Clerk W. M. Long all volunteered for and performed active service not required by their stations. Ensign H. H. Caldwell, secretary to the commander in chief, volunteered for fighting duty and was assigned to the command of a subdivision of the 5-iuch battery. Mr. J. L. Stickney, correspondent of the New York Herald (and formerly a naval ofiicer of exceptional ability), served as a volunteer aid to the commander in chief and rendered invaluable assistance in carrying mes- sages and in keeping an accurate account of the battle. One 0-pouuder was manned by a crew of marines, and two relief crews for the 5-inch guns and two for the 0-pounders acted as sharpshooters under Capt. W. Biddle, U. S. M. C. The range was obtained by cross bearings from the standard compass and the distance taken from the chart. I am, sir, very respectfully, Ch. V. Gridley, Captain JJ. 8. N'., Commanding U. 8. Flagship Olympia. The Commander in Chief, Asiatic Station. 15 119197. [Keport of engagement at Manila Bay May 1, 1898.] U. S. fc5. Raleigh, Off Manila, Luzon, May 4, 1898. Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the opera- tions of this vessel of your squadron during the engagement with the Spanish squadron and shore batteries at Cavite, near Manila, on the morning of May 1, 1898 : At about 12.10 a. m. of May 1, when passing in column, natural order, abreast of El Fraile Island, at the entrance to the bay, I observed a flash, as of a signal thereon, and at about 12.15 a. m. a shot was tired from El Fraile, passing, as I think, diagonally between the Fetrel and this vessel. A shot was fired in return, but without effect, by the star- board after 5-inch gun of this vessel. At 5 a. m., when the squadron was nearly abreast the city of Manila and the flagship was turning to pass down toward Cavite, the Lunetta Battery, of apparently heavy guns, at Manila, opened fire and con- tinued so long as the squadron was in action. This vessel shifted posi- tion from starboard to port (inside) quarter of the Baltimore, and held that position until retired at 7.35 a. m. At a few minutes after 5 a. m. this vessel, so soon as the Spanish vessels at Cavite bore on the port bow„ opened fire with the 6-inch gun, and then with the 5-inch guns in snccession, as fast as they would bear. The secondary battery guns did not seem to reach the enemy, and their fire was soon stopped and not again used until the distance was considerably lessened. At 11.20 a. m., when signal was made to reengage, this vessel started ahead full speed (using reserve speed) to keep up with the flagship, but it was found to be impossible, and falling behind all the time, I cut across to gain line abreast of Cavite Battery just as the flagship passed the Bal- timore at that port, at which time we opened fire with all guns. At 12, in obedience to signal, this vessel attempted to get into the inner har- bor to destroy enemy's vessels, but getting into shoal water — 20 feet — was obliged to withdraw, and so reported. While attempting to get inside, the battery was used on an enemy vessel at anchor (supposed to be the Don Antonio de Ulloa) until she sank. Not being able to find a channel farther inside, and everything in sight having been destroyed, this vessel, at 1.30 p. m., withdrew and later anchored near the flagship. I inclose a statement of the ammunition expended during the engage- ment. I am very pleased to report that the officers and crew behaved splen- didly. Each and every one seemed anxious to do his whole duty, and, so far as I can learn, did it. Their whole conduct was beyond praise. This vessel was struck but once, and then by a G-pounder shell, which passed through both sides of the whaleboat (above her water linej, and then glanced along the chase of the starboard 6-pounder on our poop. The gun was not injured, and the whaleboat but slightly, and she is again ready for service. I am happy to report that there were no casualties of any kind. This vessel at the close of the engagement was in as good condition as when it began, and without any preparation could have fought it over again. In conclusion, permit me to congratulate you upon the very brilliant victory you achieved over a naval force nearly equal to your own and 16 onckcil by extensive shore batteries of very heavy guns, and this \^ ith- oLit the h)ss of a sinole life. History points to no greater achievement. Very respectfully,. J. B. COGHLAN, Capiain, U. S. N., Commanding. Commodore George Dewey, U. S. N., Commander in Chief U. S. Naval Force, Asiatic Station. 119197. [Report of engagement at Manila Bay May 1, 1898.] Ko. G.] U. S. S. Concord, Manila, May 2, 1898. Sir : In compliance with article 275, United States Navy Eegulations, I have to submit the following report of the late action so far as this vessel was concerned : In obedience to your orders I took position in line. In glassing the city a big gun 0])ened on the fleet, to which I replied with two shots. The Concord held her position in the line until your order to withdraw from action. Later in the day I was ordered by you to burn a transport. To arrive at the position of the transi^ort my course lay so as to open the dock- yard and vessels therein, at which I took a few shots with the 6-fnch battery. I succeeded in tiring the transport, which is still in flames. Each and every one of my subordinates did his whole duty with an enthusiasm and zeal beyond all praise. I am particularly indebted to the executive officer, Lieut. Commander George P. Colvocoresses, for the cool, deliberate, and efficient maimer with which he met each phase of the action, and for his hearty cooperation in my plans. Lieut. T. B. Howard, the navigator, proved that, like his father, he was ready to olfer his life to his country and flag. The officers of divisions — Lieut. P. W. Hourigan, powder; Lieut, (j. g.) C. M. McCormick, third gun; Ensign L. A. Kaiser, second gun, and Ensign W. C. Davidson, first gTin — performed every duty with zeal and alacrity. Ensign O. S. Knepper, in charge of signals, performed the duty as though he were in the daily habit of being under fire. P. A. Paymaster E. D. Ryan volunteered to take charge of the after powder division, and was most useful therein. The steam department, under Chief Engineer G. B. Eansom and P. A. Engineer H. W. Jones, was in a perfect condition, working as though on parade. Pay Clerk F. K. Hunt volunteered to assist the surgeon. The crew, one and all, worked with enthusiasm. I have nothing but praise for each and every man. I am happy to report that there were no casualties. The Concord was not hit. The following is a list of the ammunition expended : One hundred and fifteen 6-inch full charges, sixty-seven 6-inch reduced charges, six shrap- nel, one hundred and seventy-six 6-inch common shell, two hundred and twenty 6-pounder cartridges, one hundred and twenty 3-pounder cartridges, and sixty 1-pounder cartridges. I inclose a list of the ammunition remaining on board; also the report of the executive officer and of the chief engineer. Very respectfully, Asa Walker, Commander, TJ. S. N., Commanding. The Co:mmander in Chief U. S. Nayal Force, Asiatic Station. 17 U. S. S. Concord, 3d Rate, Manila Bay, May 3, 1S9S. Sir: Ihave the honor to submit the following report of the action in Manihi Bay: At 12.25 a. m., May 1, 1898, the Concord, being in her assigned position in the col- umn and cleared for action, entered the Boca Glrande. While passing Zl Fraile a rocket was fired and soon followed by a shot from a battery on shore. This ship eturned the lire. A second shot from the battery passed between our main and miz- zen masts and over. We fired again, after which the battery did not reply. At 12.45 a. m. we fired at a moving light on the starboard quarter, and it was extinguished. At 5.05 a. m., while approaching the anchorage off Manila, we were fired upon by a shore battery and two shots were exchanged; we also fired at a supposed torpedo boat that ran out from Cavite and was suuli by the Olympia'a g\\n». Another boat made for the Olympia, but meeting a warm reception, turned, ran on the beach, and was abandoned. The squadron, in splendid order, turned to the right when off the city and advanced on the Spanish fleet, which appeared in line of battle off Sangley Point, in Canacao Bay. They opened upon us at once, but most of their shots fell short. As we steamed past the enemy's line each vessel of our squadron delivered fire from her port battery and the effect was soon apparent. The ensign of a cruiser, which we took to be the lieina Cristiiia, was shot away, but hoisted again, and she took fire at 7.25 a. m., apparently from the effects of a shell from the Concord's third divi- sion, and the tire hose could be seen playing aloft. Three complete turns were made by our squadron in front of the enemy's line, the ships firing whenever the guns would bear. At 7.40 a. m. we ceased firing, in obedience to signal from the commander in chief, and at 8.10 a.m. the crews went to breakfast. At this time several of the enemy's ships were in flames and explosions took place on board one of them; some were sinking and others withdrawing for protection behind Canacao and Cavite. At 8.30, in obedience to a signal from the flagship, "Concord, go in and see what ships are on fire,'' this vessel promptly proceeded toward the Spanish line, but the order was annulled. At 9.25 a loud roi^ort was heard, which came from one of the Spanish cruisers, and was followed by flames and smoke. At 11.45 a. m. our squadron again stood in for the enemy, when signal was made for the Concord to destroy a large transport that was anchored well inside in shallow water and where there were a number of fish weirs. In passing we fired with groat effect at the curtain of the fort at Cavite and at two Spanish vessels. At this time the battery work of all our divisions was most excellent, exhibiting all the coolness and precision of ordinary target practice. On arriving within 2,500 yards of the transport we commenced firing with main and secondary batteries, and at the first round about ten boats loaded with men were seen to leave her and land on the beach. At 12.25 not a Spanish flag was flying in the harbor except from the staff of the sunken cruiser Don Antonio De UUoa, submerged behind Sangley Point; the Ecina Chrisfina was a mass of flames and sunk near the bastion at Cavite, and the CasiiUa was burning rapidly in Canacao Bay. The remaining vessels of the Spanish fleet sought refnge behind the arsenal and several of them were on fire; the guns at the I Cavite and Sangley batteries had almost ceased firing, and a white flag appeared on ! the shears at the arsenal. The Concord continued firing at the transport in obedience to signal, and to hasten operations the first cutter and whaleboat, in charge of Ensigns Kaiser and Davidson, armed for cutting out, were got into the water, the former from the skid beams, i with the greatest promptitude and provided with inflammables, but before they had gone any distance it was discovered that the transport was on fire and the boats were recalled and hoisted in. At 1.45 we started to rejoin the squadron, but were ordered to go to the Petrel at Cavite, where she had been sent to destroy the vessels at the arsenal. She signaled as we anchored, "Have destroyed eight vessels here." White flags were flying at various i)oints on shore and there was no longer any i resistance. j The Boston ^]oiued us at 5.30. I During the engagement a number of shot and shell passed over and near us, but ' neither the vessel nor her crew received damage from the enemy. The blocks of the whaleboat's falls and a chest hanging over the quarter, several panes of glass, and some crockery were injured by the concussion of our own guns. The zeal, energy, and steadiness displayed by all the men and officers while under fire are deserving of the greatest praise, and the thorough and etiicient working of the battery, the promptness of the ammunition supply, the completeness of prepa- I rations for the care of the sick and wounded, and the perfect working of the engines 1371 2 18 and mechanical devices reflect the highest credit upon each of the oflficers of divisions and heads of departments of the ship under your command. Respectfully, your obedient servant, G. P. COLYOCORESSES, Lieutenant-Commander, U. S. N., and Executive Officer, Commander Asa Walker, Comm,anding Concord. 119197.] [Report of action of Manila Bay, May 1, 1898.] TJ. S. S. Baltimore, Manila, Philippine Islands, May 4, 1898. Sir: I have the honor to make the following report, as requir«nl by article 437, Navy Regulations, of the engagement of this ship with the Spanish fleet and shore batteries at Sangley Point, Cavite Bay, ou the 1st instant. At early daylight the fleet had reached a point close np to the shipping ofl' the city of Manila, when the sign;d was made, "Prepare for gen- eral action." Spanish batteries near Old Manila opened fire at long range at about the same time. Flagship leading, with port helm, bore down on the right of Spanish line of vessels, formed in a somewhat irregular crescent at anchor, extending from olf Sangley Point to the northeast, and in readiness to receive us, their left supported by the batteries ou Sangley Point. Following your lead in close order, our fire commenced with the port battery at about 5.40 a. m., at a distance of about (),(!00 yards. Our column passed down the enemy's line, turning with port helm as their left was reached, engaging them with starboard battery on the return. This maneuver was performed three times at distances from the enemy's ships varying from 2,600 to 5,000 yards, when you signaled to "withdraw from action" at 7."i5. Upon reaching a convenient distance in the bay, you signaled, "Let the people go to'breakfast;" and at 8.40, "Commanding officers repair on board the flagship." While on board the flagship I received an order to intercept a steamer coming up the bay, reported to be flying Spanish colors. Soon after starting on this duty I discovered the colors of the stranger to be British, and so reported by signal, you having in the meantime made general signal to get under way and follow your motions, this ship being at the time some 2 miles to the south southwest of the flagship on her way to intercept the supposed Spanish steamer. At 10.55 you made general signal, "Designated vessel will lead," with Baltimore's distinguishing pennant, and in a few minutes signal to "attack the enemy's batteries or earthworks" and for fleet to "close up;" in obedience to which order this ship led in, with starboard helm, to a position olf the Canacoa and Sangley Point batteries and opened fire with starboard battery at a distance of about 2,800 yards, closing in to 2,200, between which and 2,700 yards our best work was done, slowing the ship dead slow, stopping the engines as range was obtained, delivering a rapid and accurate tire upon the shore batteries and a gun- boat just inside of Sangley Point, since x)roven to have been the -Don Antonio de Z7//oa, practically silencing the batteries in question before the fire of another ship became ettective, owing to the lead we had obtained in our start for the supposed Spanish steamer. The fire of ships and batteries having been silenced and the white 19 1 1.20, flag displayed on the arsenal buildings at Cavite, you signaled a to "prepare to aiicbor," and at 1.30, "Anchor at discretion." ' The victory was complete. Tbe wind was light and variable during the first engagement and from the northeast; force L' to 3 during the second. The firing devices gave considerable trouble, extractors, sear springs, and firing pins bending and breaking, and wedge blocks iammiug. Electric firing attachments gave trouble by the grease and dirt inci- dent to firing insulating the connections, so much so that shortly after the engagement commenced they were abandimed for percussion, but coolness and steadiness replaced defective parts in the shortest i)ossible time. The ammunition supply was ample, and the test was conclusive so long as electric hoists are uninjured. The behavior of officers and men was beyond all praise. The accuracy and rapidity of their fire you were an eyewitness of. The steadiness and cool bearing of all on board who came under my observation was that of veterans. The fact that the ship was so rarely hit gave few opportunities for conspicious acts of heroism or daring, but the enthusiasm and cool steadiness of the men gave promise that they would have been equal to any emergency. I shiill report later such detail of individual merit as has been men- tioned by officers of divisions or that came under my own observation. I inclose {a) report of executive officer; (ft) surgeon's rejjort of casu- alties; ((!) carpenter's report of damages; [d) report of ammunition expended. Very respectfully, N. M. Dyer, Captahi, U. 8. N., Commanding, The Commander in Chief TJ. S. Kaval Force, Asiatic jStation. TJ. S. S. Baltimore, Off Manila, May 3, 1898. Sir: Tn compliance with article 525, United States Navy Regulations, I have the following ici^ort to submit of the action of May 1, at Cavite: The Baltimore was engaged twice during the day in company with the other vessels of the squadron. The action of tlie battery and the conduct of all con- nected with it and its service were admirable. It is difficult to discrimiuate where coolness and efficiency prevailed throughout the ship's company. The spirit and readiness of all were in the highest degree commendable. The service of the guns and the delivery of ammunition were mi st prompt, and the experience has indicated to me thai when occasion demands, the supply of ammunition is sufficient to meet all probable wants. The Baltimore was struck live times, with small projectiles, all of which, with one exception, ex])loded or broke up. The most serious hit, happily attended with no serious injury to any officer or man, came from a 4.7-inch steel projectile, which entered the ship's side forward of the starboard gangway, about a foot above the line of the main deck. It passed through the hanimuck netting, downward through the deck planks and steel deck, herding and cracking deck beam in wardroom state- room No. 5, then glanced upward through the after engine room coaming, o»er against the after cylinder of No. 3 6-inch gun (port), carrying away lug and start- ing several shield bolts and putting the gun out of commission; deflected over to the starboard side, striking a ventilator ladder and dropping on deck. In its pas- sage it struck a bov of 3-pounder ammunition of the fourth division, es^ploding several charges, and wounded Lieutenant Kellogg, Ensign Irwin, and 6 men of the gun's crew — none very seriously. A second shot came in about a foot above the • berth deck, just forwaixl of the blowers, passed through the 'tliwart-ship alleyway, hitting the exhaust pipe of the starboard blower, causing a slight leak. A third 20 shot struck about 2 feet above the water line on the port side, abreast bunker B-110, pa-^secl into the bunker, cutting blower drain and main air duct, and explod- ing in bunker. A fourth shot came in about 6 feet above the berth deck, starboard Bide, abreast the forward end of the forward wash room, and broke up in a clothes locker. A fifth struck the starboard forward ventilator, slightly bending it. The upper cabin skylight, the after range finder, and the two whaleboats hang- ing at the davits were all destroyed by the shock of discharge from the 8-inch guns of the second di\ ision. The holes in the port side were tempor:irily plugged with leak stoppers and after- wards patched with rubber and iron patches. No. 4 gun Avas got ready for use by the afternoon of May 2, Ensign N. E, Irwin devoting intelligent personal efforts to the accomplishment of the work. Very respectfully, J. B. Briggs, Lieutenant-Commander, U. S. N., Execittice Officer. The Commanding Officer. 119197. [Eeport of action at Manila Bay, May 1, 1898.] TJ. S. S. Petrel, Manila Bay, May 4, 1898. Sir: I respectfully report as follows conceruiiig my sliare in the action fought by the fleet under your command in Manila Bay, off Oavite, on the morning of May 1, 181)8: The ship had been partly cleared for action at Hongkong and on the run to Manila. Went to quarters for action at 9.45 p. m. of April 30, and all preparations were completed. Hammocks were not piped down, but men were allowed to sleep at their guns. The position of Petrel was fourth from head of column, astern of Baleigh and ahead of Concord. We passed in through Boco Grande, about 1 mile from El Fraile. All lights were masked and only stern lights showing. At 11.10 a rocket and light were shown from Corregidor Island, and just as the Eale'ujh and Petrel came abreast El Fraile three shots were tired from a shore battery on the rock, these being promptly replied to by the Baleigh, Concord, and Boston. We steamed slowly up the bay, and just as day was breaking, about 5 o'clock, the shore bat- teries below Manila began firing. It was scarcely light enough to dis- tinguish signals from this vessel when flagship made signal to "Prepare for action," so signal was repeated from the Baltimore. During time column was forming and closing up, the batteries from below IManila ■were firing. As flagship stood to southward the ships and batteries at Cavite began their firing, and gradually, as we approached, we could make ont ships under way in harbor and three guns on shore firing. The battery of this vessel began firing at 5.22 by the deck clock at a range of 5,000 yards. The column circled three times from east to west in front of shore, stand- ing in a little nearer each time, the first time being 3,000 yards and the third time 1,800 yards. During these three rounds this vessel expended ninety-two 6-inch common shells, eighty-two 6-inch full charges, ten reduced charges, and two hundred and fifty-three 3-pounders. Several times during rounds had to cease tiring on account of smoke and in order to economize ammunition. The greater part of our great-gun fire was at the Peina Christina and Castilla, the former steaming around the harbor and the latter anchored about 500 yards oft' Sangley Point; but the other and smaller vessels were fired at when opportunity offered. Especially was the tire of the rapid-tire guns aimed at a yellow launch, which was apparently a torpedo boat trying to tnrn our flank. The 21 navigator, Lieut. B. A. Fiske, was stationed in tlie top with a stadi- meter to determine the distance and report upon the eliieiency of the fire. At 7.30 we ceased firing and withdrew from action in obedience to a signal from lingship to fleet to tliat effect. The men were given their breakfast. While withdrawing the enemy continued firing until we were well out of range, aiul the batteries below Manila were firing at intervals during breakfast. At 11, wben the signal was made to get under way, the Petrel followed OJijmpia and stood well in. While steaming across the fire the signal was hoisted for the Petrel to pass inside. This vessel left her station, passed outside of Baltimore, and rounded Sangley Point about 5U0 yards outside of where Castilla was burning. The fire was then directed at the Don Antonio de Ulloa, and when it was found that she was siidiiug and deserted, the ship passed farther inside and opened fire upon the ships behind inner breakwater and whose masts were seen above government buildings. During the firing on the UUoa a white flag with a Geneva cross was discovered in range with her, and I stood in further so as to get it out of range. After the first two or three shots fired through the public building at ships behind the mole, the Spanish flag was, at 12.30 p. m., hauled down and a white flag run up. The surrender was immediately signaled to fleet and firing ceased. In obedience to a signal from flagship to destroy all shipping in the harbor. Lieutenant Hughes was sent with a whaleboat's crew of seven men, this whaleboat being the only one on the ship which would float, and set fire to the Don Juan de Austria, Isla de Cuba, Isla de Luzon, General Lezo, and Marques del Duero. Afterwards Ensign Fermier was sent to set fire to the Velasco and JEl Correo. The Isla de Cuba, Isla de Jjuzon, and Don Juan de Austria were aground and full of water when they were fired. Their outboard valves were opened and the ships allowed to fill. The breech plugs of 4-inch guns had been taken oft' and could not be found. Daring the night the magazines of the Don Juan de Austria blew up. The Manila was not burned because the Spanish oflicers begged that she be not destroyed because she was unarmed and a coast-survey vessel. Lieutenant Fiske and Passed Assistant Engi- neer Hall raised steam on the ship this morning, the ith instant, and brought her out. At the time she was aground. The Don Antonio de UUoa was sunk and the Reina Christina and Castilla were burning in outer harbor. Lieutenant Fiske was sent ashore and brought off two tugboats, the Fapido and Hercules, and three steam launches. 1 was anchored in Cavite harbor from 12.50 to 5.20 p. m., when I got under way and returned to the fleet. There were no casualties or accidents of any kind, the ship having been struclc only once just beneath hawse pipe by a piece of shell which burst just as it sank, and threw a column of water over the forecastle. After the white flag was displayed, there was apparently the great- est confusion in the arsenal. Parts of the crews of the various ships were there, and all were armed and were constantly falling in and moving about; yet there was no evidence of any desire to continue the fighting, and instead of any resistance being offered to the destruction of the ships, they were rather inclined to assist with their advice and evinced a desire to surrender to the first officer they met. 22 The action of ammuiiiUoii was exceedingly good. There was expended during action, one hundred and thirteen G-inch common shells, three 0-inch armor-piercing shells, eighty-two 6 inch full charges, thirty-four 6-inch reduced charges and three hundred and thirteen 3-pounder ammunition. Owing to the heat due to firing, the pads swelled and made it very diflQcult to lock the breech plug. Notliing would remedy this save shifting plugs, replacing hot plug by the one from the other gun which was cool. The wedge of firing lock jammed frequently, due to hot parts. This was remedied by shifting locks. The percussion primers worked very unsatisfactorily; sometimes four primers would be expended before one would act. Primers leaked badly, causing excessive deposit in primer seat, hard extraction, and delay in priming of gun and requiring frequent boring of vent. The action of no one can be censured, the conduct of each and every officer and man being excellent. There was no confusion; I should say less than at ordinary target practice. The loading was rapidly done and the firing was deliberate. Due to your caution to commanding officers that no ammunition should be wasted, Lieutenant Plunkett fired the forward Oinch guns and Ensign Fermier the after ones, and the work was thoroughly done. Lieuten- ant Hughes stationed himself on the poop, as it was deemed essential that he should not be with the commanding officer on the bridge. He materially assisted Ensign Fermier by observing fall of shot and ten- dering advice regarding pointing. I wish paiticularly to call to your attention Lieutenant Hughes, his gallantry in taking a boat's crew of seven men and in the face of a large armed force on shore setting fire to the five sh]])s before mentioned. He was aware that he had the only boat in the ship which would float, until the steam whaleboat could be l^reivared. Lieutenant Fiske stationed himself on the fore cross trees with sta- dimeter to measure the range and report on the fall of shots. He also took charge of the steam whaleboat to cover Lieutenant Hughes in his operations in burning the ships. Lieutenant \N'ood had charge of the powder division, assisted in the after part by Assistant Paymaster Seibels, there was at no time a halt in the firing due to failure of the powder division. Ensign Montgomery was in charge of the signals, and materially assisted me on the bridge. He also directed the fire of the forward o- pounder when it was allowed to be fired. He also affi)r(lc'd assistance to Lieutenant Plunkett by observing the fall of shots from the forward 6-inch guns. I desire also to mention the efficient service of the engines. In order to maintain our position and to take advantage of every opportunity, the engine telegraph was in constant use from full speed to stop, and the engine never failed to respond in tlie (luickest time x)ossible. This I consider to lie due to the high state of efficiency of that department, and the whole credit is due to Passed Assistant Engineer HalL 1 can make no statement regarding the services of Passed Assistant Surgeon Brownell, as the Petrel was most fortunate in having no casualties. I inclose the report of the executive officer. Very respectfully, E. P. Wood, Commander, U. 8. N., Commanding. The Commander in Chief U. S. Naval Force, Asiatic station. 23 U. S. S. Petrkl, Off Cavite, Manila Bay, May :?, ISOS. Sir: In accordance witli the requirements of article 525, U. S. Navy Regulations, I have the honor to submit the following report concerning th(> part taken l>y this vessel in the general action fought yesterday off Cavite, in Manila Bay: The ship was gradually cleared for action, this work having been begun in Hong- kong, when the fore and foretopsail yards, fore trysail gatf, ladders, diving outfit, part of the running rigging, etc., were placed on board the transport Nanslian, and completed the day before the squadron entered Manila I3ay. In the o])er:iti()n of preparing the ship for action certain articles and material in the equipment and con- struction departments were necessarily thrown overboard. Among these may be mentioned all of the varnishes, intlammable paints and oils, tar, turpentine, etc., lumber, two boats' strong baclcs, one turpentine chest, one ice chest, one large ham- mock box, the carpenter's bench, etc. During the action the discharge of the after 6-inch guns shattered the gig and first whaleboat and they were cut adrift, carrying •with them their outfits complete. These boats have been temporarily replaced by two taken from the enemy. No description of the maneuvers during the action is included in this report. As regards the Petrel, the first shot was fired at 5.22 a. m. and the last one, before haul- ing off for breakfast, was tired at 7.30 a. m. The times of beginning and finisliing the firing during the second part of the action were, respectively, 11.30 a. m. and 12.30 p. m., at which latter time the Spanish flag on the arsenal sheers in Cavite was hauled down. The return of ammunition expended will be made by the ordnance officer; but, approximately, about one-third of the entire supply on board for the 6-inch guns was expended, including a large proportion of common shell and full charges. So far as could be observed, the fuses acted exceedingly well, all the shell bursting. Some complaint was made by the officers commanding gun divisions that the primers frequently failed, both electric and percussion. The bearing of all on board was satisfactory in the extreme, and I can specially call attention to no one in this connection. With little excitement, a quiet enthusiasm and the utmost steadiness prevailed throughout the ship's company. The practice of the gun ca])tains was excellent, being both deliberate and precise. After the action was over, in obedience to your instructions, boat's crews from this vessel burned the following Spanish ships lying in Cavite harbor: The protected cruisers Don Juan de Austria, 1,160 tons; Isla cle Luzon, 1,050 tons; Isla de Citha, 1,050 tons; the gunboats (leiieral Lezo, 520 tons; Marques del Duero, 500 tons; JEl Correo, and one (not engined) name unknown. On rejoining the squadron the Petrel towed from Cavite to the anchorage off Manila two small tugs — the llapido and Hercules — and three steam launches, which were this morning turned over to the flagship. No casualties occurred on board. The vessel was not hit, save for a scratch on the stem, and no rejiairs will be necessary. That part of the equipment sacrificed in clearing for action should be replaced. Very respectfully, Edwd. M. Hughes, Lieutenant, U. S. N., Executive Officer. The COMMANDIXG OFFICER, U. S. S. Petrel. 119197. [Report of action at Manila Bay, May 1, 1898.] U. S. S. Boston, 2d Eate, Fort Cavite, Manila Bay, May 3, 189S. Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by this vessel in the late action with the Spanish fleet on the morfjing- of May 1. At daylight the merchant ships offJManila were seen, and soon after the Spanish fleet, close in to Cavite. This vessel was the sixth in the column and brought up the rear. Several shots were tired by the bat- teries in Manila, and two shots were given in reply. At 5,3."3 [a. m,] action with the enemy commenced and was continued at varying distances, steaming in a circle, until 7,35 a, m., tiring with a fair degree of delibera- tion and accurac}^ At times the smoke was dense, interfering very materially with maneuvering and tiring. 24 The Spanish fleet and shore batteries replied vigorously, and an attempt was made with an improvised torpedo boat, but our fire was overpowering and the enemy received heavy damage and loss. In obedience to signal, I withdrew from action at 7.35 and gave the crew breakfast and rest. At 11.10 the action was renewed and continued until the enemy ceased firing and his ships were all burned, sunk, or withdrawn behind the arsenal of Cavite. This vessel was struck four times by enemy's shot, doing no material danuige. Our own fire destroyed three of our own boats and badly damaged three others. No casualties occuired. The conduct of officers and men on this trying occasion was of the very highest quality, and they bore themselves with courage and spirit and entirely to my satisfaction. It also gives me pleasure to bear wit- ness to the courage and resolntion of the Spanish fleet and to say that they defended themselves creditably. Very respectfully, Frank Wildes, Captain, TJ. 8. N'., Commanding, The Commander in Chief, Coinnuinding U. S. Naval Force on Asiatic Station. U. S. S. Boston, 2d Rate, Manila Bay, Mai/ 1, 1898. Sir: In accordance with article No. 525, U. S. Navy Eegulations of 1898. 1 have the honor to make the followinjij report of the noteworthy incidents which came under my observation on board this ship during the engag^ement this day with the Spanish fleet and shore batteries at Cavite. This vessel being stationed at the rear of the column, did not come into action until after the other ships. Firing commenced from the port main battery at 5.35, and continued until 7.35 a.m. The quantity of ammunition on board at the beginning was as follows: Main battery: Full charges, 8-inch B. L. R 77 Reduced charges, 8-inch B. L. R 91 Armor-piercing shells, 8-iuch B. L. R 40 ConunoD shells, 8-inch B. L. R 147 Full charges, 6-inch B. L. R 254 Reduced charges, 6-iuch B. L. R 138 Armor-piercing shells, 6-inch B. L. R 60 Common shells, 6-inch B. L. R 352 Shrapnel, 6-iuch B. L. R 4 Secondary battery: Steershell, 6 pounder R. F 663 Common shell, 6-ponuder R. F 406 Steel shell. 1-pounder R. F 800 Common shell, 1-pounder R. F , 258 Caliber, .45 55,660 Caliber, .38 16,100 Steel shell 3-pounder R.F 608 Common shell, 3-pounder R. F , 482 Steel shell, 47-millimeter 576 Common shell, 47-millimeter 513 Steel shell, 37-milli meter 700 Common shell, 37-millimeter 1, 192 The guns were served rapidly and well. There being no quick and accnrate method of finding the range, it was found that a considerable number of the shots apparently fell short. Had the ship been provided with a range finder the eft'ectiveness of the firing would have been somewhat increased; as it was, tbe result was generally good. After passing the enemy a countermarch was made, and fire was opened with the starboard battery. This maneuver was repeated several times, until the enemy 25 seemed to be silenced. During this part of the engagement full charges with com- mon shell were used in all guns of the main battery. The guns gcm-rnlly worked well, but after an hour's fighting it was found that most of the breech pliigs of the 6 and 8 inch guns were expanded by the heat, so as to make it a .somewliat difHcult operation to close the breech. After tiring tlae forward 8-inch for lialf an liour ic was found necessary to put in a new g.is check pad, and the tiring was then con- tinued. The wire breechings of No. 2 6-inch gun (starboard) were carried away near the end of the tiring. The lock of No. 3 6-inch (port) was disabled and a spare one substituted. The vent of the port after 6-inch became choked up about tlie end of the first engagement, and a spare mushroom was substituted. At T.o') the tleot hanlcd off for a rest and consultation. The enemy's ship L'ehia Clirislina and the smaller vessels had withdrawn behind the point and were on tire. The Ciistillawns apparently aground. This latter vessel was set on fire an;! abandoned by the enemy. The action was resumed at 11.10 a. m., the st. rboard battery being first engaged. The reply was principally from the forts, but these were soon silenced. Advantage had been taken of the interval to put the battery in order again. The breechings on No. 2 6-inch were replaced by the gunner's mate of the division. The guns were still very hot, and the breech plugs became still harder to work. The forward 8-inch gun was put out of commission for about twenty minutes from this cause. At 12.20 the ship was turned aronud and the port battery brought into play. At 12.40 p. m. "cease firing" was sounded, a white flag having been raised at Cavite. During the whole engagement the ammunition supply was kept up in a highly efficient manner. As soon as a gun was fired, another cliarge was on hand. It wa^ intensely hot on the berth deck and in the magazines and shell rooms. Several of the after powder division were temporarily disabled from this cause, and men had to be taken from the second and third divisions to fill their places. The following quantity of ammunition remained on hand at the end of the action: 8-inch full charges, B. L. R 31 6-inch full charges, B. L. R 93 8-inch reduced charges, B. L. R 89 6-inch reduced charges, B. L. R 137 6-pounder steel shell, R. F 443 3-pounder steel shell, R. F 448 l-pounder steel shell, R. F 560 3-1 ounder common shell, R. F 482 47-millimeter common shell, R. F 513 8-inch shell, armor piercing, B. L. R 40 6-inch shell, armor piercing, B. L. R 60 8-inch common shell, B. L. R 99 6-inch common shell, B. L. R 210 47-millimeter steel shell, R. F 480 37-millimeter steel shell, R. F 520 6-pounder common shell, R. F 406 1-pouniler common shell, R. F 258 37-millimeter common shell, R. F 1,192 The following very slight injuries resulted from the enemy's fire: 4-inch shell pierced foremast 13 feet 7 inches above the upper deck, going through from starboard to ])ort, cutting one swifter of standing rigging on port side ; one 2-inch shell pierced turtle back 5 feet forward of port amidship 6-inch gun, 5 feet from gun deck; one 2-inch shell pierced ship's side 14 inches above load line, passing tlirongh stateroom No. 5 on port side, exploding berth and drawers; one 2-inch shot pierced the o.itside shell of hammock netting on port side abreast after end of chart room, exploding on inside among some men's clothing, setting it on fire; a shell grazed after part of the main topmast, just above the lower cap. The discharge of the after 8-inch gun, when it was pivoted to port and fired across the deck, caused great damage in the rooms below on the port side ; the seams of the deck were opened to some extent. • Toward the end of the first period of firing the electric- bell system of communica- tion with the central station became partially disabled, the shock of the discharge breaking the wires. The sliip's boats were covered with canvas with their sails disposed on the inboard side. They received injuries from the discharge of guns in their vicinity as follows: First whaleboat: Side blown out and back broken; complete wreck. First cutter: Starboard quarter blowu ofi'; 8 timbers and gunwale broken; plank- ing all over opened and split; complete wreck. Second cutter: PTve planks blown ont; bow timbers started, bow sagged; stern timbers liroken away from fastenings and planking started; seams all opened; com- plete wreck. Third cutter: Whole port quarter broken from fastenings; can be repaired on board. 26 Sailing launch: Whole starboard strake on port side blo-wn oft'; one after frame broken; can be repaired on board. Dingy: Calking started; can be repaired on board. Steamlaunch : Starboard side three planks blown olf bow ; wood ends started from stem; deck planks started; boat spread; planking on starboard side started from fastenings; calking generally started; can not be repaired on board. There were no casualties among the creAv. The shell which pierced the foremast did not explode, but scattered small pieces of iron from the mast which slightly scratched one or two of the occupants of the bridge. Too much can not be said in praise of the conduct of the ofScersand men who came under my observation. Very few if any of them had ever been under tire before, but their coolness was remarkalde. They were full of zeal, energy, and enthusiasm, and were untiring. Where the conduct of all was so commendable it would be impossi hie to sinj-le out any individual for special praise. One noteworthy feature was the eoiuluct of the Chinese messmen who were stationed in the after powder division. While they are usually considered entirely alien in their ideas and are not regarded as good lighters, yet in this case they displayed as much zeal, bravery, and energy as any other person. The uninterrupted ammunition supply in the after part of the ship was largely due to their eftorts. The three men, William Woods, seaman; Charles VV. Lenderman and William R. White, apprentices, first class, sentenced by general court-martial to terms of impris- onment and who were made prisoners at large the day before the engagement, dis- played the same zeal, bravery, and energy which characterized the rest of the crew. Very respectfully, J. A. NoftRfS, Lieutenant-Commander, U. S. N., Executive Officer, The Commanding Officek, U. S. *S'. Boston, 2d Rate, Manila Bay. 119197. [Eeport of action at Manila Bay May 1, 1898.] U. S. Steamek McCulloch, Manila Bay, May 3, 1S98. Sir: Eegarding: the part taken by this vessel in the naval action of Manila Bay at Cavite, on Sunday morning, May 1, 181)8, between tlie American and Spanish forces, I have the honor to submit the following- report : Oonstitutiiiji^ the leading- vessel of the reserve squadron the McCul- locli was, when lire opened, advanced as closely as was advisable in rear of our engaged men of war, in fact, to a point where several shells struck close aboard and others passed overhead, and kept steaming slowly to and fro, ready to render any aid in her power, or respond at once to any signal from the Ohnnpia. A 9-inch hawser was gotten up and run aft, should assistance be necessary in case any of our ships grounded. At a later hour during the day, just prior to the renewal of the attack by our squadron, I intercei)ted the British mail steamer Esmeralda, in compliance with a signal from the flagship, comiiiunicated to her commander your orders in i egard to his movements, and then pro- ceeded to resume my former position of the morning, near the lieet, where I remained until the surrender of the enemy. I desire to state in conclusion that I was ably seconded by the ofiicers and crew of my command in every effort made to be in a state of readiness to carry out promptly any orders which might have been signaled from your llagship, Bespectfully, yours, D. B. Hodgsdon, Captain, B. C. S., Commanding. Commodore George Dewey, IJ. S. N., Commanding U. S. JS^aval Force on At^iatic Station. 27 121046. [Account of United States consul at Manila of battle of Manila Bay.] Department of State, Washington, June 17, 18D3, Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith for your information a copy of an unnumbered dispatch of the 4th ultimo from the consul at Manila, Philippine Islands, giving an account of the battle of Manila Bay. Eespectfully, yours, William 11. Day. The Secretary of the I^avy. [Special— U. S. S. Baltimore.] CONSITLA'J'E OF THE UNITED STATES, Bay of Manila, Philippine Islands, May 4, 1898. Sir: I have the honor to briefly report to you concerning the battle of Manila Bay, fought on May 1, 1898. Heeding your mandate, and by relocated request of Commodore George Dewey, of the United States Asiatic Squadron, I left Manila on Saturday, April 23, and on Wednesday, Ajiril 27, at about 1 o'clock p. m., boarded the flagship Olympia, in Mirs Bay, in Hongkong. After meeting the Commodore and his captains and commanders in council, the Commodore at once ordered his fleet to start at 2 j). m. for Manila Bay. On Saturday, April 30, Subig Bay was reconnoitered because of reported hiding of Spanish fleet in its inner harbor, but no fleet being there found, the Commodore proceeded at once to the south channel entrance to jNIanila Bay, and while by many reports mines, torpedoes, and land defenses obstructed entrance, yet the flagship led the van, and between 10 p. m., April 30, and 2 a. m.. May 1, our fleet of six war ships, one dispatch boat, and two coal-laden transports j)assed all channel dangers unharmed, despite shots from forts, and at 2 a. m, were all safe on the broad expanse of Manila Bay. After my departure April 23, and by drawing fire, to save Manila if possible, all Spanish war ships went to their strongly fortified naval station at Cavite, where the inner harbor gave refuge, and where poten tial support could be had from several forts and well-equipped batteries which extended several miles right and left from Port Cavite. At about 5.30 a. m., Sunday, May 1, the Spanish guns opened fire at both the Manila breakwater battery and at Cavite, from fleet and forts. With magnificent coolness and order, but with the greatest jjrompt- ness, our fleet, in battle array, headed by the flagship, answered the Spanish attack, and for about two and a half hours a most terrific fire ensued. The method of our operations could not have shown greater system, our guns grenter ettectiveness, or our oflicers and crews greater bravery; and while Spanish resistance was stubborn and the bravery of Span- ish forces such as to challenge admiration, yet they were outclassed, weighed in the balance of war against the methods, training, aim, and bravery shown on our decks, and after less than three hours' perilous and intense combat one of Spain's war ships was sinking, two others 28 were burning, and all others, with hind defenses, had severely suffered, when our squadron, with no harm done its ships, retired for breakfast. At about 10 o'clock a. m. Commodore Uewey renewed the battle, and with effects most fatal with each evolution. No better evidence of Spanish bravery need be sought than that, after the castigation of our first engagement, her ships and forts should again answer our fire, But Spanish efforts were futile. Ship after ship and battery after battery went to destruction before the onslaught of American energy and training, and an hour and a half of our second engagement wrought the annihilation of the Spanish fleet and forts, with several hundred Spaniards killed and wounded and millions in value of their Government's i)roperty destroyed. While amazing, almost unbelievable, as it seems, not a ship or gun of our fleet had been disabled, and, except on the Baltimore^ not a man had been hurt. One of the crew of the Baltimore had a leg fractured by slipping and another hurt in the ankle in a similar manner, while four received slight flesh wounds from splinters thrown by a 6-inch projectile, which pierced the starboard side of the cruiser. But in the battle of Manila Bay the United States squadron of six war ships totally destroyed the Spanish fleet of eight war ships, many forts and batteries, and accomi)lished this work without the loss of a man History has only contrasts. There is no couplet to form a compari- son. The only finish fight between the modern war ships of civilized nations has i:)roven the prowess of American naval men and methods, and the glory is a legacy for the whole people. Our crews are all hoarse from cheering, and while we suffer for cough drops and throat doctors, we have no use for liniment or surgeons. To every ship, oflicer, and crew, all praise be given. As Victoria was answered years ago, " Your Majesty, there is no second," so may 1 report to your Department as to our war sliips conquering the Spanish fleet in the battle of Manila Bay — tliere is no first — "there is no second." The cool bravery and efficiency of the commodore was echoed by every cap- tain and commander and down through the lines by every oft^icer and man, and naval history of the dawning century will be rich if it furnishes to the world so glorious a display of intelligent command and successful service as must be placed to the credit of the United States Asiatic Squadron under date of May 1, 1808. It was my lot to stand on the bridge of the Baltimore by the side of Captain Dyer during the first engagement, and to be called to the flag- ship Oli/mpia by the commodore, at whose side, on the bridge, I stood during the second engagement, and when the clouds roll by and 1 have again a settled habitation, it will be my honor and j^leasureto transmit a report showing service somewhat in detail and for Avhich commanders promise data. Meanwhile our commodore will officially inform you of events whicli will rival in Ameriiian history the exploits of Paul Jones. I have the honor to be, sir, your most obedient servant, Oscar F. Williams, U. 8. Consul, Manila, Fhilippine Islands, Hon. Judge Day, (Not acting.) Assistant Secretary of State, Washington, D. C» 29 THE BATTLE OF CAVITE. Spanish Official Report. departure for suuic. On the 25tli of April, at 11 p. m., says Senor Montqjo, I left the bay of Mauila for Subic with a squadron composed of the cruisers Ixcina Cristina, Don Juan de Austria, IsJa de Cuba, Isia de J^uzon, dispatch boat Marques del Buero, and the wooden cruiser CastiUa. This last could merely be considered as a iloating battery, incapable of maneuver- iug, on account of the bad condition of her hull. The following morn- ing, being at Subic, I had a conference with Captain Del Eio, who, though he did not relieve my anxiety respecting the completion of the defensive works, assured me that they would soon be finished. In the meanwliile the cruiser CastiUa, even on this short cruise, was making much water through the bearings of the propeller and theopen- ing astern. They worked day and night to stop these leaks with cement, finally making the vessel nearly water-tight, but absolutely impossible to use her engines. On the morning of the 27th I sailed with the vessels to cover the entrance to the port of Subic. The CastiUa was taken to the northeast point of the island of Grande to defend the western entrance, since the eastern entrance had already been closed with the hulls of the !S((n Quintin and two old merchant vessels which were sunk there. With much disgust, I found that the guns which should have been mounted on that island were delayed a mouth and a half. This sur- prised me, as the shore batteries that the navy had installed (with very little difticnlty) at the entrance of the bay of Manila, under the intelli- gent direction of colonel of naval artillery, Senor Garces, and Lieutenant Beneavente, were ready to fight twenty-four days after the commence- ment of the work. I was also no less disgusted that they confided in the eflficacy of the few torpedoes which they had found feasible to put there. The entrance was not defended by torpedoes nor by the batteries of the island, so that the squadron would have had to bear the attack of the Americans with its own resources, in 40 meters of water and with little security. Our vessels could not only be destroyed, but they could not save their crews. I still held a hope that the Americans would not go to Subic, and give us time for more preparations, but the following day I received from the Spanish consul at Hongkong a telegram which said: "Enemy's squadron sailed at 2 p. m. from the bay of Mira, and according to reliable accounts they sailed for Subic to destroy our squadron, and then will go to Manila." This telegram demonstrated that the enemy knew where they couhl find my squadron and that the port of Subic had no defenses. The same day, the 28th of April, I convened a council of the captains, and all, with the exception of Del Eio, chief of the new arsenal, thouglit that the situation was insupportable and that we should go to the bay of Manila in order to accept there the battle under less uutavorable conditions. THE RETUrX TO MANILA. I refused to have our ships near the city of Mauila, because, far from defending it, this would provoke the enemy to bombard the plaza, which doubtless would have been demolished on account of its few detenses. It was unanimously decided that we should take position in tlie bay ot 30 Cana Cao, in the least water possible, in order to combine our fire with that of the batteries of Point Sangley and Ulloa. I immediately ordered Del Itio to concentrate his forces in the most strategic point of the arsenal, taking every disposition to burn the coal and stores before allowing them to fall into the power of the enemy. I sent the Don Juan de Austria to Manila to get a large number of light- ers tilled with sand to defend the water line of the CastiUa (which could not move) against the enemy's shells and torpedoes. At 10 a. m. on the 2()tli I left Subic with the vessels of my squadron, towing the CastiUa by the transport Manila. In the afternoon of the same diiy we anchored in the Gulf of Canacao in 8 meters of water. On the following morning we anchored in line of battle, the Christina, CastiUa, Don Juan de Austria, Don Juan de UUoa, Luzon, Cuba, and Marques del Duero, while the transport Manila was sent to the Koads of Bacoor, where the Velasco and Lezo were undergoing repairs. At 7 p. m. I received a telegram from Subic announcing that the enemy's squadron had entered the port at 3, reconnoitering, doubtless seeking oui' ships, and from there they sailed with course for Manila. The mail steamer Isla Mindanao arrived in the bay. I advised her captain to save his vessel by going to Singapore, as the enemy could not get into the entrance probably before midnight. As he was not authorized from the trans- Atlantic he did not do so, and then I told him that he could anchor in shallow water as near as possible to Baeoor. At midnight gun fire was heard off Corregidor, and at 2 on the morn- ing of the 1st of May I received telegraphic advices that the American vessels were throwing their search lights at the batteries of the entrance, with wliich they had exchanged several sbots. I notified the command- ing general of the arsenal, Senor Sostoa, and the general-governor of the plaza, Capt. Senor Garcia Pana, that they should prepare them- selves. I directed all the artillery to be loaded, and all the sailors and soldiers to go to their stations for battle, soon to receive the enemy. This is all that occurred since I sailed to Subic until the entrance of the American squadron in the bay of Manila. THE ARKIVAX, OF THE ENEMY. The squadron being disposed for action, adds Seiior Montojo, fires spread, and everything in i)roper place, we waited for the enemy's arrival. All the vessels, having been painted dark gray color, had taken down their masts and yards and boats to avoid the effects of projectiles and the splinters, had their anchors buoyed and cables ready to slip iustantl3^ At 4 a. m. I made signal to prepare for action, and at 4.45 the Austria signaled the enemy's squadron, a few minutes after which they were recognized, with some confusion, in a column parallel with ours, at about 6,000 meters distant; the llagship Olympia ahead, followed by the Baltimore, Raleigh, Boston, Concord, Helena^ Petrel, and McCiUloch, and the two transports Zajiro and Nanshan. The force of these vessels, excepting transports that were uoncom- batant, amounted to 21,410 tons, 49,290 horsepower, 163 guns (many of which were rapid fire), 1,750 men in their crews, and of an average velocity of about 17 miles. The power of our only five effective shii:)s for battle was represented by 10,111 tons, 11,200 horsepower, 76 guns (very short of rapid fire), 1,875 crew, and a maximum speed of 12 miles. 31 THE FIRE FROM SHORE. At 5 the "batteries on Point Sangley opened fire. The two first shots fell short and to the left of the leading vessel. Tliese shots were not answered by the enemy, whose principal object was the squadron. This battery only had two Ordonez j]funs of 15 centimeters mounted, and but one of these could fire in the direction of the opposing tleet. In a few minutes one of the batteries of Manila opened hre, and at 5.15 I made signal that our Sfpiadron open tire. Tlie enemy answered immediately. The battle became general. We slipped the springs and the cables and started ahead with the engines, so as not to be involved by the enemy. THE BATTLE. The Americans fired most rapidly. There came upon us numberless projectiles, as the three cruisers at the head of the iine devoted them- selves almost entnely to fight the Cristiua, my flagship. A short time after the action commenced one shell exploded in the forecastle and ])ut out of action all those who served the four rapid-tire cannon, making splinters of the forward mast, which wounded tlie helmsman on the bridge, when Lieut. Jose Nunez took the wheel with a coolness worthy of theg reatest commendati(m, steering until the end of the tight. In the meanwhile another shell exploded in the orlop, setting lire to the crews' bags, which they were fortunately able to control. The enemy shortened the distance between us, and, rectifying his aim, covered us with a rain of rapid fire projectiles. At 7.30 one shell de- stroyed completely the steering gear. I ordered to steer by hand while the judder was out of action. In the meanwhile another shell exploded on the poo]i and put out of action 9 men. Another destroyed the mizzeu masthead, bringing down the flag and my ensign, which were replaced immediately. A fresh shell exploded in the officers' cabin, covering the hospital with blood, destroying the wounded who were being treated there. Another exploded in the ammunition room astern, filling the quarters with smoke and preventing the working of the hand steering gear. As it was impossible to control the fire, 1 had to flood the maga- zine when the cartridges were beginning to explode. Amidships several shells of smaller caliber went through the smoke- stack and one of the large ones penetrated the fire room, putting out of action 1 master gunner and 12 men serving the guns. Another rendered useless the starboard bow gun ; while the fire astern incrciised, fire was started forward by another shell, which went through the hull and exploded on the deck. The broadside guns, being undamaged, continued firing until there were only one gunner and one seaman remaining unhurt for firing them, as the guns' crews had been frequently called upon to substitute those charged with steering, all of whom were out of action. THE DESTRUCTION OF OUR SHIPS. The ship being out of control, the hull, smoke pipe, and mast riddled with shot or confused with the cries of the wounded ; half of her crew out of action, among whom were 7 officers, I gave the order to sink and abandon the ship before the magazines should explode, nmking signal at the same time to the Cuba and Luzon to assist in saving the rest of the crew, which they did, aided by others from the Diicro and the arsenal. 32 I abandoned the Cristina, directing beforehand to secure her flag, and accompanied by my staff, and with great sorrow, I hoisted my flag on the cruiser Isla de Cuba. After having saved many men from the unfortunate vessel, one shell destroyed her heroic commander, Don Luis Cadarso, who was directing the rescue. The Ulloa, which also defended herself firmly, using the only two guns which were available, was sunk by a shell which entered the water line, putting out of action her commander and half of her remain- ing crew, those which were only remaining for the service of the two guns stated. The Castilla, which fought heroically, remained with her artillery useless, excei)t one stern gun, with which they fought spiritedly, was riddled with sliot and set on fire by the enemy's shells, then sunk, and was abandoned by her crew in good order, which was directed by her commander, Don Alonzo Algado. The casualties on this ship were 23 killed and HO wounded. The Austria, very much damaged and on fire, went to the aid of the GastiUa. The Luzon had three guns dismounted, and was slightly damaged in the hull. The Duero remained with one of her engines use- less, the bow gnu of 12 centimeters and one of tlie redoubts. At S o'clock in the morning, the enemy's squadron having suspended its fire, I ordered the ships that remained to us to take positions in the bottom of the Koads at Baccor, and there to resist to the last moment, and that they should be sunk before they surrendered. THE SINKING. At 10.30 the enemy returned, forming a circle to destroy the arsenal and the sliips whi<;h remained to me, 0[)ening upon them a horrible fire, which we answered as far as we could with the few cannon which we still had mounted. There remained the last recourse to sink our vessels, and we accom- l)lished this operation, taldng care to save the flag, the distinguishing pennant, the money in the safe, the portable arms, the breech plugs of the guns, and the signal codes. After wliich I went with my staff to the Convent of Santo Domingo de Cavite, to be cured of a wound received in the left leg, and to tele- graph a brief report of the action, with i)reliminaries and results. THE JUDGMENT OF THE ADMIRAL. It remains only to say that all the chiefs, officers, engineers, quarter- masters, gunners, sailors, and soldiers rivaled one another in sustaining with honor the good name of the navy on this sad day. The inefficiency of the vessels which com])osed my little squadron, the lack of all classes of the i)ersonnel, especially master gunners and seamen gunners; the inaptitude of some of the provisional machinists, the scarcity of rajiid-ftre cannon, the strong crews of the enemy, and the unprotected character of the greater part of our vessels all con- tributed to make more decided tlie sacrifice which we made for our country and to prevent the possibility of the horrors of the bombard- ment of the city of Manila, with the conviction that with the scarcity of our force against the superior enemy we were going to certain death and could expect a loss of all our ships. Our casualties, including those of the arsenal, amounted to 381 men killed and wounded. 33 [Translation.] Office of the Staff of the Commander in Chief OF THE Station and Squadron of the Philippines, Manila, April 24, 1898. It having beeu resolved to go out with the squadron for the port of Subic, uot ouly for the defense of that important port but also as a strategic harbor for operations which may occur, the staff is placed in charge of the necessary orders from these headquarters. As commandant of the Cavite arsenal I have nothing to say to your excellency concerning its defense, as the chief commander and officers will know how to defend the interests of the nation, trusting the valor, zeal, and intelligence of all those who, with the slight and feeble resources upon which we can count, will do everything possible to guard the honor of the ilag and the navy. Go on, sir, in the ordering and equipping as much as you think neces- sary for the common purposes which concern our interests. You will use the telegraph to report to me all that you think impor- tant for your affairs in all departments, as well as the cable to commu- nicate with the Government. As long as possible communicate by way of Paranaque and Malate and also with the batteries of the coast by signals as well as by boats. If you need merchant vessels to equip with torpedo tubes, which may be effective in such vessels, you will also equip them, etc. MONTOJO. The Commandant of the Cavite Arsenal. April 25. — Copy. 1371- SiGUiLLY, Secretary. INYESTME^^T AW FALL OF MAj\1LA, MAY 1 TO AUGUST 13, 1898. 35 OPERATIONS ON THE ASIATIC STATION. INVESTMENT AND FALL OF MANILA. Washington, May 12, 1898. • Dewey, Honglong, China: In case of attack by a superior force, would you desire submarine mines'? If so, how many, and what length of cable, et cetera? About fifty mines with equipments in readiness here. Whereabouts of four Spanish armored cruisers is uncertain. Left Cape Verde Islands on April 29. Long. Hongkong, May 12, 1898. Seoretaey of Kavt, Washington: There is little change in the situation since my last telegram. I am transferringto transports steel breech-loading rifles from sunken Spanish men-of-war; also stores from arsenal in my possession, lam maintaining strict blockade. Add vlr^/os to the list of destroyed vessels. Ul Gorreo ■prohahly EI Cano. I send this telegram to Hongkong. * * * It has been reported at Manila that Pelayo and another vessel are en route to Philippine Islands. Dewey. Hongkong, May 15, 1898. (Cavite, May 12.) Secretary of the Kavy, Washington: I thank the President for my promotion. Forcibly recommend that Commander Lamberton, chief of staff; Captains Wildes, the commander of the Boston; Coghlan, the commander of the Baleigh; Gridley, the commander of the OJymjna; Dyer, the commander of the Baltimore; Walker, the commander of the Concord ; Wood, the commander of the Pef re/— without whose aid I could have done nothing, each to be advanced ten numbers. Dewey. Hongkong, May 15, 1898. (Cavite, :May 13.) Secretary of the Navy, Washington: The squadron thanks the President for his message in your telegram of May 7. I am maintaining strict blockade of ^Manila by sea. and believe rebels are hemming in by land, although they are inactive and making no demonstrations. Great scarcity of provisions in the city. I believe the Spanish Governor-General will be obliged to surrender soon. I can take Manila at any moment. To retain possession and thus control Philippine Islands would require, in my best judgment, 37 38 well-equipped force of 5,000 inen, altiiou^li United States troops sent by Peltin will be very useful to relieve the Oli/mpia of guarding Cavitr United States troops should make provision for extremely hot, moist climate. Spanish force is estimated 10,000 men. The rebels are reported 30,000 men. I should suggest the Charleston or PeJcin bring a few officers and about 100 men, partly Engineers Department, to man trans- port Manila and captured vessels. I ain loading Manila with ordnan(;o from the Spanish man-of-war. I propose to assign Lieutenant-Coin- mander Singer to command. Captured on May 12 the Spanish gun vessel Callao attemptmg to run blockade; released on j)arole officers and men. I have plenty of coal for tlie present and can purchase more in Chinese ports. Will hold frequent communication with Hongkong. One British, one French, two German, one Japanese men-of-war here, observing. Baltimore requires immediately one Mark IV mount for one 6-inch B. L. E., a sui)ply of extractors for Hotchkiss 3-pounders and for Hotchkiss 6-pounders; also locks most recent design for main battery. Dewey. Washington, 3fay 15, 1898. Dewey, Hongl'ong: Following is quotation from joint resolution tendering thanks of Con- gress to Commodore George Dewey, U. S. N., and to officers and men of squadron under his command : Eesolred hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, in Congress assembled, That in pursuance of the recommendation of the President, the thanks of Congress and of the American people are hereby tendered to Commodore George Dewey, United States Navy, commander in chief of the United States naval force on the Asiatic Station, for highly distinguished conduct in conflict with the enemy, as displayed by him in the destruction of the Spanish fleet and batteries in the har- bor of Manila, Philippine Islands, May first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight. That the thanks of Congress and the American people are hereby extended, through Commodore George Dewey, to the officers and men under his command for the gal- lantry and skill exhibited by them on that occasion. This act having been approved by the President of the United States on May 10, you bave been commissioned a rear-admiral. Department takes great pleasure in transmitting this information to you, which you will convey to officers and men under your command. Long. W^ASHINGTON, May 16, 1898. Dewey (care American consul), Hongkong : Eeceipt of your telegram of May 13 is acknowledged. The Depart- ment will send officers and men for transport, etc. ; also ordnance arti- cles for Baltimore. About 1,200 United States troops will leave on board Pehin about May 21. The Charleston will leave about May 18. If the Spanish guns are serviceable and have projectiles, could not they be mounted at Caroline Islands? It is advisable, perhaps, to destroy. There are rumors of possible Spanish exi^edition to oj)erate about the Philii)pine Islands. Long. 39 Washington, May 16, 1S98. Dewey (care American consul), Hongl;onf) : Following information requested as soon as possible by General Mcr- ritt, who will command troops for Philippines: First, what is total strength of Spanish forces in island? Second, how much of this force in or about Manila? Third, what proportion of troops is Spanish and what native? Fourth, what amount aud caliber of held artillery have they? Fifth, can we operate field artillery, or will mountain artillery alone be practicable? Sixth, what number of horses can be had in or near Manila? What work are they equal to? Seventh, what food supplies are imperative to bring ? Eighth, will bridge trains be needed, and how much? Answer iu cipher. Long. Washington, May 19, 1898. Dewey (care American consul), Hongliong : Have received information to the effect that 10,000 tons of coal are at Yap Island, Carolines. Long. Washington, May 19, 1898. Dewey, Honglwng : Following rule enforced in blockade of Cuban ports : Allow thirty days from establishment of blockade to neutral vessels lying in any blockaded Philippine port to issue therefrom with innocent neutral cargo. Cases of British ship Ancaios, Marion Woodwide, Austria, Oweenee, JJelcairnie, bound for American or British ports, specially brought to notice of this Government. You may extend the time a few days, if necessary, on account of delay in cabling. Long. Washington, May 20, 1898. Dewey, HongJcong: Feldn and Charleston proceed at once to Manila, touching at Guam, Ladrone Islands, where will ca])ture fort, Spanish oflicials, and garri- son aud act at discretion regarding coal that may be found. Long. Washington, May 20, 1898. Dewey (care American consul), Eonglong: Peports are current to the effect that Carlos V, Pelayo, Alfonso XI L and some transports sailing to the Philippine Islands with large body troops. Other reports say they are bound for the east coast of tlu^ United States, and one report states they have sailed for the latte»- destination; but as our means of receiving intelligence from Spain arc very untrustworthy, you are given this information for what it may bi- worth. Long. 40 noNGKONG, May 19, 1S98. (Received Washington, May 19.) Day, Washinyton : This answers Long's cable to Dewey. From best information obtain- able, Dewey can not reply under week. Twenty (one?) thousand ypanish troops, of which 4,000 native and 2,000 volunteers. All but 1 ,000 at Manila. They have ten mountain guns, no large field artillery, proven last rebellion not practicable. Plenty good ponies, 12 hands high, ^o food Phillippines, but rice. Large supply should be taken for insurgent allies. WiLDMAN. Washington, May 21, 1S9S. Dewey, Hongkong: Steamship Pekhi, 1,200 men, 400 tons ammunition, and other sup plies, accompanied by army transports. City of Sydney and Avstralia, with several thousand troops, will leave San Francisco, May 24, for Philippine Islands, via Honolulu, stopping there for coal. Should arrive off Cape Engano, northeast corner island Luzon, in about twenty-four days. Have one of your vessels there to convoy them to Manila. They are unarmed. Long. Washington, May 22, 1898. Dewey (care American consul), Honglxong : Have private information the Spanish are using cable Boliuao to Hongkong. Inland line intact from Manila to Boliuao. Long. Washington, May 24, 1898. Dewey (care American consul), Hongkong : You will report guns of recent design captured, the number of, kind, ammunition supply, and generally the availability of mounting in- shore battery. X Long. Hongkong, May 24, 1898. (Cavite, May 20.) Secretary of Navy, Washington: Situation unchanged. Strict blockade is continued. Great scarcity prevails at Manila. Foreign subjects fear an outbreak of the Spanish soldiers. Arrangements have been made tor them to be transferred to Cavite by the foreign men-of-war, if necessary. Aguinaldo, the rebel commander in chief, was brought down by the McCidloch. Organizing forces near Cavite and may render assistance that will be valuable. I do not consider submarine mines practicable here, on account of great depth and width of bay and entrance. If attacked by superior force, the squadron will endeavor to give good account of itself. The Ameri- can bark Saranac was captured oft" Iloilo, Philippine Islands. Upon the arrival of the Charleston with ammunition, I j)ropose to reca])ture and to clear the island of small Spanish gun vessels. When is Charles- ton expected to arrived I request you will send to the Asiatic Station 41 the Bennington and the Yorlfoirn, if possible. Will be more nsolnl tlijiii the Philaddphia. How many trooi)S coming here PcMn! WIkmi expected to arrive? I request send provisions for the squadron— L*,0()0 men for three months. ^Also small stores. Dewey. Washington, May 26', J898. Dewey (care American consul), Honfikong : You must exercise discretion most fully in all matters, and be gov- erned according to circumstance which you know and we can not know. You have our confidence entirely. It is desirable, as far as possible, and consistent for your success and safety, not to have political alli- ances with the insurgents or any faction in the islands that would incur liability to maintain their cause in the future. Long. Washington, May 27, 1898. Dewey, HongJcong: It is the intention of the Department to send Monterey to the Asiatic Station. May be expected at Manila at the end of July. Long. Hongkong, May 27, 1898. (Cavite, May 29.) Secretary of Xavy, Washington: No change in the situation of the blockade. Is effective. It is im- possible for the people in Manila to buy provisions, except rice. The French men-of-war must go to Saigon for provisions. It is important that I should know as early as possible whereabouts and strength of the possible Spanish expedition to the Philippines, and, if possible, that the squadron should be reinforced with a battle shij) or armored cruiser. The captain of the Olynqna {Gvidlej) condemned by medical survey; is ordered home; leave by Occidental and Oriental Steamship Company's steamer from Hongkong on May 28. Commander Lamberton has been appointed to the command of the Olympia. Steamei- has just arrived from Amoy with 3,000 Mauser rifles and great amount ammuuition for Aguinaldo, whose force is increasing constantly. * * * Bark ISaranac is sailing under the British flag; is loading with sugar at Iloilo for New York. Dewey. Washington, May 29, 1898. Dewey (care American consul), HongJwng: The orders of Commander Lamberton to the Olympia approved. There is no Spanish force en route to Philippine Islands. You will be notified of tlie departure of such. Twenty-five hundred men, United States troops, left May 2a from San Francisco, Cal., for Manila. Long. 42 Washington, 3Iay 30, 1898. Dewey (care American consul), Honglcong: It is the intention of the Department to send MonadnocJc to Asiatic Station. Long. Hongkong, 3Iay 30, 1S9S. Seceetary of Navy, Washington: Aguinaklo, revolutionary leader, visited the Olympla yesterday. He expects to make general attack on May 31. Doubt ability to succeed. Situation remains unchanged. Dewey. Hongkong, June 6, 1898. Secretary of Navy, WasMngton: The following telegram has been received, addressed United States consul, Hongkong: Direct C'aptain Hodgson, McCulloch, tarn over command Foley; return home. Cridler. I request to be informed is this official? Dewey. Washington, June 6, 1898. De^^y (care American consul), Honglcong: Cold storage steamer from Australia is due about June 20 at Manila, with fresh inovisions for the squadron. Orders Hodgson official. Allen, Acting Secretary. Hongkong, June 6, 1898. (Cavite, June 3.) Secretary of Navy, Washington: Eeceipt of telegram of May 20 is acknowledged, and I thank the Department for the expression of confidence. Have acted according to the spirit of Department's instructions therein from the beginning, and T have entered into no alliance with the insurgents or with any faction. This squadron cau reduce the defenses of Manila at any moment, but it is considered useless until the arrival of sufficient United States forces to retain possession. Dewey. Hongkong, June 6, 1898. Secretary of Navy, Washington: There are no guns of recent design available to mount upon shore, being without breech mechanism, mounts, or ammunition. There is no telegraphic communication Bolinao to Hongkong. Have just received 4,o00 tons of coal; 1 have sufficient coal for two months. Insurg(Mits have been engaged actively within the province of Cavite during last 43 week; they have won several small victories, taking prisoners about 1,overnuientis to interpret faith- fully the aspirations of the people; with this in view, although the abnormal cir- tumstances of the war have compelled me to constitute this dictatorial government wbich assumes full civil and military power, luy constant desire is to surround myself with the most prominent peoph- from each province who hy their conduct deserve its confidence, so that, learning from them the true needs of each, I may be enabled to adopt the most efficacious m<'ans for tilling such needs and curing defi- ciencies in accordance with the wishes of all. I understand, moreover, the urgent necessity of establishing in each town a solid and substantial organization, a stronger bulwark of public security and the only means for insuring the union and discipline which are indis]ieusable for the estab- lishment of a repuldic— that is, the government of the people by the people — and for settling international conflicts which may arise. In virtue of the above considerations I decree as follows: Article 1. The inhabitants of each town where forces of the Spanish Government are still in existence shall agree as to the most feasible means for defeating and anni- hilating them with the means and resources at their disposal, acciirding to the pris- oners of war such treatment as is in eouformity with the sentiments of humanity and the custom observed by civilized nations. Art. 2. As soon as a town shall be free from Spanish dominion, the citizens thereof who are most prominent owing to their social position and honorable conduct, in the center as well as in the wards, shall assemble in a junta magna and shall then pro- ceed to the election, by a majority of votes, of the chief of the; town and of a "head" for each srard, as wards shall be considered not only those hitherto known as such, but also the center of the town. Any inhabitant having the qualifications above set forth shall be entitled to attend such junta and to be elected, provided always that he is a friend of the Philippine independence, and that he is at least 21 years of age. AuT. 3. In said junta shall be elected, also by a majority of votes, three delegates, one of police and internal order, one of justice and civil records, and one of revenues and property. The delegate of police and internal order shall assist the chief in the organization of the armed force which each town must maintain for its own security, in propor- tion to the resources at its command, for the preservation of order, and the health of the people. The delegate of justice and civil records shall assist the chief in the organization of tribunals, of books for the recording of births, deaths, and marriages, and of the census. The delegate of revenues and property shall assist the chief in the collection of taxes, the administration of public funds, the prepariug of books for the registration of real estate and cattle, and in all work relating to the development of all classes of indiistry. Art. 4. The presiding chief, together with said heads of wards and delegates, shall constitute the people's junta, which shall watch over the strict execution of the orders in force and the particular interests of each town. The head of the center of the town shall be vice-president of the junta, and the delegate of justice shall be secretary of the same. The hends of wards shall be delegates of the chief in their respective wards. Art. 5. The chiefs of each town, after consulting the opinion of their respective juntas, shall assemble and elect, by a majority of votes, the chief of the province and three councilors for the three departments referred to. The chief of the province as president, the chief of the capital of the province as vice-president, and said councilors shall constitute the provincial council, which shall watch over the enforcements of the orders of this government in the territory of the province and over the general interests of the same, and shall suggest to this government measures to be adopted for the public good. Art. 6. Said chiefs shall elect, also by a majority of votes, three representatives for each one of the provinces of Manila and Cavite, two for each of tlie provinces classified " de t('rmino"in the Spanish legislation, and one for each of the other provinces and "political-military commands" of the Philippine Archipelago. Said representatives shall watch over the general interests of the archipelago and the particular interests of the respective provinces and shall constitute the revolu- tionary congress, which shall suggest to this government measures pertaining to the preservation of internal order and the external security of the islands, and shall be heard by said government on all serious and important questions, the decision of which admits of delay. Art. 7. Persons elected for any office whatsoever in the form prescribed by the foregoing articles can not take charge thereof without previous confirmation by this government, which shall grant such confirmation upon consideration of the records of election. The representatives shall prove their identity by the exhibition of such records. 53 Anx. 8. The military chiefs appointed by this government in each province shall not take part in the government or the administration of the same. Iiiit are limited to asking the chiefs of provinces and towns for such assistance in the way of funds and forces as may be required, and such chiefs shall not refuse the same in case of real need. Nevertheless, when a province should be menaced or occujiied, in whole or in part, by the enemy, the highest military chief of the same may assume the powers of Ihe chief of province until the danger disappears. Art. 9. The governineut shall appoint for each province a commissioner, whose special duty it shall be to establish therein the organization provided for in this decree, conformable to the instructions hereafter to be issued by said government. Military chiefs who free the towns from Spanish dominion shall be connnissiouers by virtue of such fact. Such commissioners shall preside over the first juntas to be held in each town as well as in each province. Art. 10. As soon as the organization provided for in this decree shall have been established, all former a])pointments to any civil office, whatever its origin and by whomsoever made, shall be without etiect, and all orders conflicting with this decree shall be abrogated. Done at Cavite, June 18, 1898. Emilio Aguinaldo. Then follow instructions concerning the government of provinces and towns, dated June 20, 1898, signed by Emilio Aguinaldo, giving special regulations for — 1. The holding of sessions of the diflerent Juntas and councils. 2. The organization of police forces, and the character and duties of the same. 3. The organization of tribunals, civil records, and the census. 4. Taxes and registration of property. [Translation.] MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION. If it is true — and it is true — that a political revolution, well conceived, is the vio- lent means which a people employs in order to recover the sovereignty which nat- urally belongs to it and which has been usurped and trampled upon by a tyrannical and arbitrary government, then the Philippine revolution could not have been more just, for the people have had recourse to it after exhausting all peaceful means counseled by reason and experience. The former Kings of Castile bound themselves to regard the Philippines as a sister nation, associated with Spain in perfect unison of views and interests, and by the constitution of 1812, promulgated at Cadiz on the occasion of the war of Spanish independence, these islands were represented in the Spanish Cortes; but the inter- ests of the monastic corporations, which have always met with unconditional sup- port from the Spanish Government, have taken from them this sacred duty and the Philippines have been excluded from the Spanish constitution and the people left to the mercy of the discretionary and arbitrary powers of the general government. Under such circumstances the people clamored for justice, and asked of the mother country the recognition and restitution of their secular rights by means of reforms which would gradually assimilate them with Spain. But their voices were promptly drowned and the reward of their abnegation was exile, martyrdom, and death. The religious corporations, with whose interests — always opposed to those of the Philippine people — the Spanish Government has identified itself, jeered at these claims and answered, with the knowledge and consent of that same Govern- ment, that tlie liberty of Spain had cost blood. What other recourse was there left to the people to recover their lost rights? They had no other means but force, and, convinced of this, they have had recourse to the revolution. xiud now they no longer limit their claims to the assimilation with the political constitution of Spain, but ask for definite separation from her; they are fighting for their independence, firmly convinced that the time has come when they can and must trovern themselves. So they have constituted a revolutionarv g-ivernmeut, based upon wise and just laws, adapted to the abnormal conditions through which they are passing, and at the same time prepa'ing them to become a true republic. Taking reason as the only guide for their actions, justice as the only end, and honorable «ork as the only means, they call upon all their Philippine sons, without distinction of class, to unite firmly together for the purjiose of forming a society of nobility, not nobility of birth r)4 or poniTious titles, but of work and personal merit of each one — a free society where there shall be no egotism and ])ersonal politics that crush and anniliilate, no envy and favoritism that debase, no bragging and charlatanry that niai-e ridiculous. And it could not be otherwise; a people which has given i)r;>ofs of valor and long sutlering in time of trouble aiul danger, and of industry and diligence in time of peace, is not inteiuled lor slavery; such a people is called to be great, to be one of the strongest arms of l^rovidence to direct the destinies of hunuuiity ; sucli a jicople has sufficient resources and energy to free itself from the ruin and annihilation into Avhich tije Spanish Government has plunged it, and to claim a modest but honorable seat in the concert of free nations. Given at Cavite, June 23, 1896. Emilio .Aguixaldo. [Translatiou.] EMILIO AGUINALPO Y FAMY, President of tlie rerohitioiiary government of the Philippines and general in chief of its army. This government being desirous of demonstrating to the people of the Philippines that one of its objects is to oppose, with a tirm hand, the inveterate vices of the Spanish administration, by substituting for a government of personal luxury and ostentatious pomp, rendering its movements lazy, heavy, and torpid, one that shall be modest and simple and prompt in the execution of public services, I decree as folb'ws: CiiAi'TKR I. — The revolutionary government. Article 1. The dictatorial government shall hereafter be known as the revolu- tionary government, whose aim it shall be to fight for the independence of the Philip- pines until it shall be expressly recognized by the free nations, including Spain, and to prepare the country for its organization as a true republic. The dictator shall hereafter be known as the president of the revolutionary gov- ernment. Ai;t. 2. There shall be created four government secretaryships : One of foreign rela- tions, maiine and commerce; one of war and public works; one of p(dice and inter- na] order, justice, instruction, and hygiene; and one of the treasury, agriculture, and manufactures. The government may increase this number of secretaryships if it should be found, in practice that this distribution is not sufiBcient for the manifold and complicated needs of the puolic service. Art. 3. P2ach secretaryship shall assist the president in the discharge of business relating to the respective departments comprised in such secretaryship. At the head of each there shall be a secretary who shall not be responsible for the decrees of the president, but who shall sign such decrees with the president for the purpose of authentication. But if it shall appear that a decree has been issued at the suggestion of the secre- tary of a certain department, he shall be responsible for the same jointly with the president. Ai; r. 4. The secretaryship of foreign relations shall be divided into three centers, one of dii)lomacy, one of marine, and one of commerce. The first-named center shall consider and transact all business relating to the con- duct of diplomatic negotiations with other powers and the correspondence of this government witli them; the second shall have charge of all business relating to the formation and organization of our war navy, and the organizations of any expedi- tions which the needs of the revolution may require; and the third shall have charge of everything relating to home and foreign commerce and of all preliminary work necessary for making commercial treaties with other nations. Art. 5. The secretaryship of war shall be divided into two centers, one of war pro])er, and one of public works. The center of war shall be di\ided into four sections: of campaigns, of military justice, of military administration, and of military sanitation. The section of campaigns shall have charge of the appointment and enlistment of all who may serve in the revolutionary militia; of the conduct of campaigns, the making of plans and wor'-s of fortifications, and the issuing of announcements of battles; of the study of military tactics for the army, and the organization of the corps of the general stalf, artillery and cavalry; and, finally, of the transaction of any other business relating to the work of cami)aigns and military operations. The section of military justic*- shall have charge of everything relating to councils of war and courts-martiai : <(f the ai)pointmeut of auditors and assessors, and of all business pertaining to military law. 55 The section of military ndmiiiisl ration shall have charge of furnishing provisii ns and other things necessary for the use vt' the army. The section of military sauitiition shall have charge of everything relating to sanitary matters of the militia. Art. I). The other secretaryshii>8 shall be divided into as many centers as they comprise ditfercnt ilepartmeuts, and each center maybe subdivided into sections, in accordance with the nature and imiiortance of the work. Art. 7. The secretary shall inspect and superintend all the work of his ofljce and transact all business with the presiilent of the government. At the head of each center there shall be a director, and in each section theie shall be an otticial having charge of the necessary number of assistants and clerks. Art. 8. The president shall appoint the secretaries of his own free choice, and together with them he shall ap[)()iut the whole sul>altern personnel of each secretaryshij). But in the choice of such persons favoritism shall be avoided, for it must be well understood that the good name of the country and the triumph of the revolution reijuire the services » .- Situariou inichnnged. Second army cletacliment arrived to-day. All well ou board. The liealtb of the squadron eontiuues good. No sick- ness whatever. 1 have takeu the coal of the British ship Honolulu and I am retaining her until the port is opened. Have provisions for six months. The receipt nf telegram of July 7 is acknowledged; in view of the information tlierein shall retain PeMn and China as auxiliaries. I do not expect the Monterey before August 5, and t\\e- Monadnocl: ten days later. If necessary, vShall proceed with the squadron to meet the ]\fonaduoc]{ to the east Cape Engano, Luzon. Shall return other trans- ports to the United States as soon as possible. Dewey. Washington, July 20, 1898. De^"EY (care American consul), HongT Washington: Merritt arrived yesterday in the yeirporf. The remaiuder of the exi)e(lition is exi)ected within the next tew days. Situation is most critical at Manihi. The Spanisli may surrender at any moment. Mer- ritt's most difficult problem will be how to deal with iusuroents under A^ii'uinaldo, who has berome aggressive and even threatening: toward our Army. The M<>)icl,- was at Honolulu on July S; expected to leave four days later. * * * Dewey. Washington, Ai'gnst 1, 1898. Dewey, Ronglong: Reported here that monks and other i)risoners in the hands of the insurgents at Cavite are in danger of being unjustly put to death. This should not be i)ermitted, if you are in jjositiou to prevent it. Long. Hongkong, August l, 1898, (Cavite, July 29.) Secretary of ]SrAVY, Washington: Eeferring to your telegram 'hily 20, strict blockade continues. The neutral vessels are not allowed to enter. From information, which I consider reliable, Spanish Governor-General would surrender to United States forces at once, if it was not for insurgent complication. In any event, they must capitulate very soon. IMerritt and I are working together to this end. The remainder of Merritt's forces has not yet arrived. Fekin will leave to-morrow for San Francisco, Cal. Dewey. Hongkong, August 9, 1898. (Cavite, August 4.) Secretary op Navy, Washington: The receipt of telegram of July 20 acknowledged. Have jirovisions for three months, fresh; also plenty of coal. Do not need provisions from Australia. The Monterey and Brutus arrived to-day. Dewey. Washington, August 12, 1898. Dewey, Honglong: Peace protocol signed by President. Suspend all hostilities and blockade. Allen. Washington, August 12, 1898. Dewey, Honglong: The proto(.'ol, signed by the President to day, provides that the United States will occupy and hold the city, bay, and harbor of Manila pending the conclusion of a treaty of pea(;e, which shall determine the control, disposition, and government of the Philii^i)ines. This is most important. Allen, Acting. 59 135047. [Valuable services of British consul at :Manila.] No, 412 D.] U. S. :Naval Force on Asiatic Station, Flapship Oh/ntpia, Cavite, FhiUppine Lslands, July 27, 189S. Sir: I have the honor to inform the Department that Mr. E. H. Kawson Walker, Her Britannic Majesty's coiisnl at Manila, has per- fornied the trying- duties of acting United States consul during the last three months in a most able ami painstaking manner, and has been of invaluable assistance to me, being my only means of communicating with the Spanish authorities, and the chief agent in the protection of foreign residents. I trust the United States Government will see fit to inform Her Britannic Majesty's foreign office of my deep appreciation of J\[r. Raw- son Walker's valuable services. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, George Dewey, Rear- Admiral, U. S. X, Commanding U. S. Naval Force on Asiatic Station. The Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. G. Manila, Auqmt 13, 1898. Secretary of the Navy, Washington: Manila, Philippine Islands, surrendered to day to our land and naval forces after a combined attack. A division of the squadron shelled the forts and intrenchments at Malate, on the south side of the city, driving back enemy, our army advancing on that side at the same time. City surrendered about 5 p. in., the American fiag being hoisted by Lieu- tenant Brumby. About 7,000 prisoners of war were taken. The squadron has no casualties; no vessel injured. On August 7 General Merritt and I formally demanded surrender city, which the Si)anish governor-general refused. The Monadnoclc has not yet arrived. ' Dewey. Manila, Anqust 14, 1898. Secretary of the Navy, Washington: Idesire to recommend strongly for promotion Flag Lieutenant Brumby, who has been indefatigable in the discharge of his duty from the begin- ning. He has represented me frequently in important negotiations, and has contributed much to the success of' the Olympia. Also Lieutenant Tappan and Cadet White, who, commanding the American gun vessel Callao and launch 7>fl>Te/o, respectively, accompanied the army advanc- ing on Manila, protecting flank under tire at short range. Also Ensign Caldwell, who again volunteered to command division. Also Ensign Scott, who did excellent work as signal ofiHcer in both engagements. Wildes, commander of the Boston, desires to return iiome. Will relief be sentf Dewey. GO 1^0. r)io-D.] Uniti:d States Naval Force on Astatic Station, Flcuiship Oh/mpia, Manila, P. I., September 16, 1898. Sir: In addition to the officers recoumiended for advancement in my telegrams of May 12 and August 14, I have the honor to recom- mend that the following-named executive officers and chief engineers of the squadron under my command at the destruction of the Spanish squadron and batteries at Cavite on May 1, 1898, be given siniilar advancement to those of the fleet which destroyed the Si)anish squadron at Santiago de Cuba: Lieut. Commander F. Singer, executive officer IT. S. S. Baleigh. Lieut. Commander J. B. Briggs, executive ofticer U. S. S. Baltimore. Lieut. Commander G. P. Colvocoresses, executive officer U. S. S. Con- cord. Lieut. Commander J. A. Norris, executive officer U. S. S. Boston. Lieut. E. M. ILighes, executive officer U. S. S. Petrel, Lieut. C. P. Rees, executive officer U. S. Flagship Olympia. Chief Engineer J. Entwistle, tleet engineer U. S. Flagship Olympia, Chief Engineer J. D. Ford, U. S. S. Baltimore. Chief Engineer R. Inch, U. S. S. Boston. Chief Engineer G. B. Ransom, U. S. S. Concord. Chief Engineer F. H. Bailev, CJ. S. S. Raleigh. Chief Engineer R. T. Hall, U. S. S. Petrel. ' I have the honor to be, very respectfully, George Dewey, Rear Admiral, U. 8. -Z\r., Commanding U. 8. Naval Force on Asiatic Station. The Secretary of the iSTAVY, Navy Department, Washington, 1). G, 141623. [CDrrospondeuce in connection witli demand for the surrender of the city of Manila.] Kg. 437-D.] TJ. S. Naval Force on Asiatic Station, Flagship Olympia, Manila, Philippine Islands, August 16, 1898. Sir; I have the honor to report that — On August 7, 1898, Major General Merritt and I sent to the Spanish Governor-General and Captain- General at Manila a joint notice that operations might begin against the city at any time after forty-eight hours. A copy is inclosed, marked A. On the same date a reply was received, a copy of translation of which is inclosed, marked B, the original being in the possession of General Merritt. On August 9 General Merritt and I sent a joint formal demand for the surrender of the city and Spanish forces. A copy is inclosed, marked C. On the same date a reply was received, declining to surrender, but re(juesting the time necessary to communicate with Madrid. A copy ot translation is inclosed, marked I), the original being in the posses- sion of General ]\Ierritt. On August 10 we replied, declining to grant the time requested. A co])y is inclosed, marked E. All of these communications were sent and received from Manila 61 through the kindness of Captain Chichester, of H. B. M. iS. Immortalite, and Mr. H. A. Ramsden, British and United States acting con.sr'. Ou August 13 the United States land and naval forces made a Joint attack on Manihi, resulting in the surrender of that city on the same date. This is made the subject of a separate report. I have the honor to be, very resijoctfully, George Dewey, Rear Admiral, U. S. N., Comniandimj U. S. Nacal Force ou Asiatic Station. The Secretary of the Xavy, Washington I). G. A. Headquarters United States Land and Naval Forces, Manila Bay, Philijjpine Islands, August 7, 1898. Sir: We have the honor to uotify your excellency that operations of the land and naval forces of the United States against the defenses of Manila may begin at any time after the expiration of forty-eight hours from the hour of receipt by you of this communication, or sooner if made necessary by an attack on your part." This notice is given in order to afford you an opportunity to remove all noncom- batants from the city. Very respectfully, Wesley Merritt, Major- General, U. S. A., Commandin;/ Land Forces of the United States. George Dewey, Ihar-Jdmiral, U. S. X., Commanding U. S. Xaval Force on Asiatic Station. The General in Chief, Commanding Sjyanish Forces in Manila. B. fTranslafion.] ^Ianila, August 7, ISOS. Gentlemen: I have the honor to inform your excellencies that at half-past 12 to-day I received the notice with which you favor me, that after forty-eight hours have elapsed you may begin operations against this fortified city, or at an earlier hour if the forces under your command are attacked by mine. As your notice is sent for the purpose of providing for the safety of noucombat- ants, I give thanks to your excellencies for the humane sentiments you have shown, and state that finding myself surrounded by insurrectionary forces, I am without places of refuge for the increased numbers of wounded, sick, women, and children who are now lodged within the walls. Very respectfully, and kissing the hands of your excellencies, FORMIRE JaUDENES,* Governor-General and Captain-General of the Philippines. The Major-General of the Army and The Rear-Admiral of the Navy, Commanditig, respectively, the Military and Xaial Forces of the United States. C. Headquarters United States Land and Naval Forces, Manila Bay, Philippine Islands, August 9, 1S9S. Sir: The inevitable suffering in store for the wounded, sick, women, and children, in the event that it becomes our duty to reduce the defenses of the walled town in which they are gathered, will, we feel assured, appeal successfully to the sympathies * The discrepancy in the spelling of the signatures to B and D exists in the copies in the hands of the Department. 62 of ;i j^eneral capable of making the dctermiiied aud prolonged resistance which your excellency has exhibited after the loss of your naval forces, and without hope of succor. We therefore submit, without prejudice to the high sentimants of honor and duty which your excellency entertains, that surrounded on every side as you are by a constantly increasing'lbrce, with a powerful iieet in your front, and deprived of all prospect of reinforcement and assistance, a most useless sacrifice of life would result in the event of an attack, and therefore every consideration of humanity makes it imperative that you should not subject your city to the horrors of a bombardment. Accordingly we demand the surrender of the city of Manila, aud the Spanish forces under your command. Very respectfully, Wesley Mekiutt, Major-General, U. S. A., Commanding Land Forces of the United States. George Dewky, Rear- Admiral, U. »S'. iS^., Commandinfi U. S. Xaral Force on Aaiatic Station. The Governor-General and Captain-Genekal of the Philippines. D. [Trajislation.l Gentlemen: Having received an intimation from your excellencies that, in obedi- ence to sentiments of humanity to which you appeal, and which I share, I should sur- render this city and the forces under my orders, I have assembled the council of defense, which declares that your re(iuest can not be granted, but taking account of the most exceptional circumstances existing in this city, which your excellencies recite and which I unfortunately have to admit, I would consult my Government if your excellencies will grant the time strictly necessary for this communication by way of Hongkong. A'ery respectfully, Fermin Jaudknks,* Governor-General and Captain- General of the Philippines. The Major-Gexeual of the Army and The Rear-Admiral of the Navy, Commanding, respectively, the Militari/ and Naval Forces of the United States. E. Headquarters United Siates Land and Naval Forces, Manila Bay, AiKjnst 10, 1S98. Sir: We have the honor to acknowledge the communication of your excellency of the 8th instant, in which you suggest your desire to consult your Government in regard to the exceptional circumstances in your city, provided the time to do so can be granted by us. In reply we respectfully inform your excellency that we decline to grant the time requested. Very respectfully, W^esley Merritt, Major-General, U. S. A., Commanding U. S. Land Forces, George Dewey, Rear-Admiral, U. S. N., Commanding U. S. JSfaval Force, Asiatic Station. The Governor-General and Captain-General of the Philippines. Washington, August 13, 1898. Dewey (care American Consul), Hongkong: The President desires to receive from yon any important information you may have of the Philippines; the desirability of the several islands; the character of their population; coal and other mineral deposits; their 'The discrepancy in the spelling of the signatures to B and D exists in the copies in the hands of the Department. 63 harbor and coininercial advantages, and in a naval and commercial sense whicli would be the most advantageous. If yon have other informa- tion which may be of value to the Government in their negotiations, the President may desire your presence here. If he should request you to come, take the quickest route of travel. Allen. Manila, Anfpist 30, 1898. Secketary of the Kavy, WasJiinf/to7i: lieferring to the Department's telegram of August 13, important islands are: Colon, Luzon, Panay, Cebu, Negros, Leyte. Others, owing to the nature of the inhabitants, have a small amount of civilization, want of cultivation. They may be neglected, especially isles of southern group. Luzon is in all respects tlie most desirable to retain. Contains most important commercial ports. Manila is farthest north. Produces all of the good tobacco. Friendly natives. Civilization somewhat advanced. iS^ot -yet developed. Possible rich minerals. Population, 825,000. Subic Bay best harbor for coaling purposes and military. Water deep; landlocked; easily defended. Strategically, command of bay and city of Manila, with arsenal at Cavite, most valuable. Panay, Cebu, Negros thickly populated, most civilized, and well cultivated. Iloilo second commercial port; center of sugar trade; a good harbor strategically; in view of the situation, good for defense. Cebu third commercial port; a good harbor, very desirable. No coal of good qual- ity can be procured in Philippine Islands. Some has been mined on Cebu, English company. I trust it may not be necessary to order me to Washington. Should regret very much to leave here while matters remain in present critical condition. Dewey. Washington, August 27, 1898. Dewey, Manila: The President has received your telegram, and will respect your wishes and not direct you to leave your present duty. He desires you to communicate to General Merritt'your views upon the general ques- tion of the Philippines, with such information as you have, and to transmit to the President in writing by the quickest method (possibly by hand of Merritt) the substance of your suggestions to Merritt. Allen. [Mutilated in transmission.] Hongkong, A ugxst 17, 1898. Secretary of the :N"avy, Washington. Send the following telegram: To Adjutaxt-Gknerai. : Insurgents demand joint occupation of the city. Inform me how far I shall pro- ceed in forcing obedience of the insurgents in this matter and others that may arise. Is the Government willing to use all means and * * * the natives to submit to authority of United States? Mekritt. Dewey. 64 WASlimcJTON, AufjKst 17, 1S98. Dewey, Hon