v<* K R>' H ~ ^* \ V *7> <"^w£iZ£x2 * c ♦ Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from The Library of Congress *> «°. *"^Sifi* ° ^ V .i* «$>» * « o 5 A V XX m O » k o « ° ^ V >q£ ^ *« 4^ -« http://www.archive.org/details/washingtonnation01reyn ?*V°^ f^7 .' ^ ^5°^ *^l§^ ^ 0v ^ o V ,0. Mm* ^ V VIED LIBERTY— MODEL IN E NATIONAL MUSEUM OF E STATUE SURM'OUNT- j THE CAPITOL DOME nty-fourth Edition. ^f&r- ■ WASHINGTON THE NATION'S CAPITAL By CHARLES B. REYNOLDS THE CAPITOL in 1840. WITH 200 ILLUSTRATIONS FOSTER & REYNOLDS NEW YORK Copyright, 1907, by Chfrles B. Reynolds. x 907 s<^< °I c ^ ' /& 5 **© JUL 1 1984 I JRCEUNKN ,VN HOUSE EXTENSION, §ENATE EXTENSION. Powell's Painting in the Capitol. LANDING OF COLUMBUS ON SAN SALVADOR. THIS BOOK Is a complete and practical Handbook of Washington. It gives information that will add to one's convenience and pleasure here, and will enable the visitor to see Washington understandingly and to the very best advantage. Make use of the full Index on third page beyond. The Time Table on page 7 gives the hours to visit the public buildings. It will help plan the day's program. There is a Ready Reference Map on pages 14-15; with a large folded map in the back, which is the most accurate, complete and beautiful map of Washington ever made. More than 200 illustrations give an admirable series of views of all the objects of interest. Every care has been taken to make the book a delight to the eye; and the prose and the pictures will prove pleasant reminders of one's visit to Washington. NOTE. — The text and illustrations are copyrighted throughout. All persons are warded against infringement or dealing in any infringements. mderlyn's Painting in the Capitol. DE SOTO S DISCOVERY OF THE MISSISSIPPI. CONTENTS. Page. Time Table, - - - - ■ - - - y Ready Reference, ----___ g The Capitol, -- - - - - - - -21 The Library, -----___ cc The White House, --------- gj The Corcoran Art Gallery, - gg The Washington Monument, - 106 The Treasury, - - 109 State, War and Navy, - - - - - - ng Smithsonian and National Museum, - - - 124 The Pension Building, - - - - - _ 129 The Navy Yard, - - - - - - - i^ Q The Soldiers' Home, - - - - - - -133 Arlington, - ----.___ l ^ Mount Vernon, ----____ I/L2 [Alexandria, -- - -, =- . „ „ _ _ jfa BAPTISM OF POCAHONTAS. Chapman's Painting in the Capitol. EMBARKATION OF THE PILGRIMS. Weir's Painting in the Capitol. Adams, J. 47 Adams, J. Q. 34 Adams, S. 34 Agricultural Dept. 10 Allen, Ethan 36 Allen, Wm. 36 Alexandria 163 American University 11 Anacostia 13 Arlington Cemetery 135 Arlington Mem. Bridge 13 Army Medical Museum 10 Arsenal 131 Avenues 9 Baker 32 Bartholdi Fountain 11 Bastile 144 Bates 44 Battle of Lake Erie 50 Bedford 44 Benning 13 Benton 36 Be-she-ke 44 Bivouac of the Dead 138 Bladensburg 13 Blaine House 20 Blair 36 Boone 28. 44 Botanical Gardens 11 Brightwood 13 British Legation 9, 121 Brother Jonathan 40 Bureau Engraving 1 10 Bureaus 8 Burgoyne 26 Cab Fares 9 Cabin John Bridge 13, 167 Cabot 28 Cameron 52 Capitol 21 Bronze Doors, 32, 48 Clocks, 34, 44, 47 Corner Stones 53 Crypt S3 Dome 24, 34 Liberty Statue 24 Guides 21 History 21 House 42 Clock 44 Committee Rooms 46 Hall Representatives 42 Lobby 44 Mace 42 Paintings 44 Retiring Room 44 Stairways 44 Rotunda 26 Canopy 28, 31 Frieze 28 Paintings 26 Portico 24, 32 INDEX. Capitol — Continued Statues 32 Whispering Gallery 32 Senate 46 Chamber 46 Committee Rooms 52 District Room 48 Marble Room 44 Paintings 50 Portico 24 President's Room 47 Reception Room 48 Stairways 50, 52 Vestibule 48 Vice-Pres. Room 48 Statuary Hall 34 Supreme Court 46 Capitol, Old 11 Carnegie Library 12 Carroll 36, 44 Cars 9 Cass 36 Catholic University 11 Cemeteries 7, 133 Chapultepec 50 Chase 44, 46 Chevy-Chase 13 Churches ('see Map) Christ Church 163 Circles (see Map) Clarke 44 Clay 47, 52 Clay House 20 Clinton 36 Clock, Historical 34 Collamer 36 Columbia Institution 11 Columbia University 11 Columbus 26, 28, 32, 50 Constitution, Frigate 120 Continental Hall 2 Cornstalk Columns 48 Cornwallis 26 Corcoran Gallery 99 Corcoran House 20 Cosmos Club 16, 20 Crawford 50 Crook 140 Cunningham 142 Custis, E. P. 148, 149 Custis, G. W. P. 140 Customs 116 D. A. R. 13 Dead-Letter Museum 10 Decatur 20 Declaration 26, 120 Decoration Day 138 De Grasse 17 De Soto 26 D'Estaing 17 District of Columbia 11 Dix 50 Du Pont 16 Duportail 17 Electoral Commission 50 Ellsworth 46 Emancipation 44 Embassies 9 Evarts 120 Falls, Potomac 13 Farragut 16 Fish Commission 11 Fish Portrait 120 Ford's Theater 12 Fort Myer 13 Foster 48 Franklin, Benjamin Portraits 48, 53 Staff 120 Statues 16, 50 Frederick 16 Frelinghuysen 120 Fulton 36, S3 Garibaldi so Garfield 16, 36, so Georgetown 13 Glen Echo 13 Golden Gate 44 Gov. Printing Office 11 Grand Army 10, 32 Grant 16, 32 Greek Slave 105 Greene 16, 36 Gross 16 Hahnemann 16 Hamilton, 32, 48 Hancock, J. 50 Hancock, W. S. 16 Hanson 36 Harrison (Mrs.) 91 Hayes (Mrs.) 91 Hayes (Pres.) 91 Henry, Joseph 116 Henry, Patrick 47 History 16 Hotels 8 Howard University 1 1 Hull Relics 120 Inauguration 32 Ingalls ^6 Indian Bureau 8 Interior Department 10 Ironclads 50 Jackson 16 Jay 46 Jefferson, Desk 120 Draft of Declaration 120 Portraits 48, 120 Statues 32. 44 Justice Department 123 Kearney 36 Kenna 36 Key House 13 King 36 Knox 48 Kosciuszko 50 Lafayette 16, 44 Lafayette Square 20, 97 Las Casas S3 La Salle 28 Lawton 140 Lee 36, 141 Legations 9 Library of Congress 55 Life Saving Service 116 Lighthouse Board 116 Lincoln, Bust 50 Gettysburg Address 135 Museum 12 Portrait 44, 50 Proclamation 44 Statues 32, 50 Livingston 36 Logan 17 Luther 17 McPherson 17 Madison, Dolly 20, 96 Madison House 20 Mall (see Map) Marine Barracks 131 Market 12 Marquette 36 Marshall 17, 46 Medals 121 Meigs 141 Monitor-Merrimac 50 Monuments 16 Moran Paintings 50 Morris 31 Mt. Pleasant 13 Mt. Vernon 142 Muhlenberg 40 National Museum 124 Naval Monument 17 Naval Observatory 131 Navigation Bureau 116 Navy Annex 10 Navy Department 119 Navy Yard 130 Oak Hill 11 Osgood 47 Parks (see Map)' Patent Office 10 Payne 12 Peace Monument 17 Peace Statue 24 Peale 50 Penn 28 Pension Office 129 INDEX. Perry 50 Pierpont 40 Pike 17 Pilgrims 26, 28 Pocahontas 26 Polk (Mrs.) 91 Porter Grave 139 Post-Office 8, 123 Potomac 166 Pulaski 50 Railroads 8 Raleigh 28 Randolph 47 Rawlins 17 Rochambeau 17 Rock Hill 12 Rodgers House 20 Saratoga 26 Scott 17, 133 Seal of the United States 120 Seward House 20 Seward 44 Sheridan 139 Sherman, R. 40 Sherman. W. T. 6 Shields 40 Signal Office 10 Smith, John 28 Smithsonian 124 Soldiers' Home 133 Societies 10 Stanton 44 Stark 40 State Department 119 Statues 16 Steamboats 8 St. John's Church 97 Stockton 40 Streets 9 Street Cars 9 Sumner 50, 52 Supreme Court 46 Surveys (see Map) Takoma 13 Taney 46 Telegraph 8 Tennallytown 13 Theaters 9 Thomas 17 Time-table 7 Tobacco Capitals 48 Treasury 109 Bureau of Engraving HO Cash Room 109 Counting Experts 113 Currency 116 Division of Issue 113 Macerator 115 Redemption Division 115 Seal 113 Vaults 116 Watchmen 116 Trumbull, John 28 Trumbull, Jon. 40 Tyler 50 Universities 11 Venus of Melos 100 Waite 46 War College 131 War Department 119 War Statue 24 Washburne 120 Washington, George : Commission 28, 120 Home 142 Life Guard 119, 145 Portraits : Brumidi's 48 Medallion 146 C. W. Peale's 50 R. Peale's 50. 148 Savage's 147 Sharpless' 148 Stuart's 44, 47, 95, : Trumbull's 28 Relics 126 Resignation 28 Statues : D' Angers' Bust 53 Greenough's 17, 34 Houdon's 40 Mills' 17 Swords 120, 144 Tent 126 Tomb 154 Washington Barracks 1, Washington, Martha 95, Washington Monument Webster, House 20 Portraits 47, 120 Statues 17, 40 Welles 44 Westward Ho ! 44 White House 91 Blue Room 92 Cabinet Room 96 Corridor 91 Dining Room 96 East Room 92 Easter Eggs 97 Green Room 95 History 91 President's Room 96 Red Room 95 Willard 42 Williams 42 Wilson 133 Winthrop, J. 42 Winthrop, R. C. 106 Yorktown 26 Y. M. C. A. 11 Zoological Park 127 MONUMENT TO GEN. W. T. SHERMAN. PENN. AVE. AND THE TREASURY. 9 to 4:30 8 to 5 9 to 3 9 to 4:30 9 to' 4:30 9 to 4 and 2 STANDARD GUIDE TIME -TABLE. Schedule of the hours In which public buildings are open to visitors. Unless otherwise noted, all are open daily except Sundays and public holidays. * Those marked with a star are open holidays. \. M. P. M. Location. 9 to 4:30 Agricultural Department, Mall, 12th and 14th sts. S. W. Silk Mills in operation from 10 to 12, and 1 to 3. Ml day. Arlington Cemetery, Arlington, Va. Open also Sundays and holidays. (See W. A. & F. C. Ry., and W. A. & Mt. V. Ry. schedules in adv. pages. Time and walking may be saved by employing the wagonettes at the cemetery.) Army Medical Museum, 7th and B streets S. W. Botanical Garden, Pennsylvania ave. and 1st st. Bureau of Engraving, 14th and B streets S. W. But visitors are not conducted between 11:45 an d I2: 3°- Capitol, Capitol Hill. Open after 4:30 if Congress is in session and until one<-half hour after adjournment; also during a night session. The flag flies over each house while it is in session, and if at night fhe dome is lighted. 9:30 to 4 Corcoran Gallery, N. Y. ave. and 17th street. Open Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, Fridays, Saturdays, 9:30 to 4, from Oct. 1 to May 1, and 9 to 4 from May 1 to July 1. Sundays, Nov. 1 to July 1, 1:30 to 4:30. Mondays, 12 to 4. Public holidays, 10 to 2. Admission 25 cents Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. Other days free. Closed every year July 1 to Oct. 1. Dead-Letter Museum, Penn. ave. and nth street. Fish Commission, 6th and B streets S. W. Government Printing Office, North Capitol and H streets. Visitors are conducted at these hours. Library of Congress,* Capitol Hill. Reading room hours, 9 to 10. On Saturday in summer building open 9 to 4; reading room, 9 to 1. Library and reading room open Sun- days and holidays, 2 to 10. This schedule is subject to change in summer months. .11 day. Lincoln Museum, No. 516 10th street. Jl day. Marine Barracks, 8th and G streets S. E. to 4 Mount Vernon.* See page 142. Steamboat leaves 7th and M sts. summer, 10 A. M., 2:30 P. M. Nov. 1 to May 30, 10 A. M., 1:43 P. M. Mt. Vernon trains leave 12th street hourly from 10 A. M. to 2 P. M., Nov. 1 to April 30. From May 1 to Oct. 31, 10 A. M. to 3 P. M. Return hourly. See adv. pages. -> " <-,-> i-m National Museum,* Smithsonian grounds. Naval Museum of Hygiene, 23d and E streets. Navy Department, Penn. ave. and 17th street. Navy Yard, Foot 8th street S. E. Patent Office, 7th and F streets. Pension Bureau, F and 4th streets. Post-Office Department, Penn. ave. and nth street. Smithsonian Institution,* Smithsonian grounds. Soldiers' Home,* Near 7th street extended. State Department, Penn. ave. and 17th street. Treasury, Penn. ave. and 15th street. Treasury tours between 10:30 and 12, and between 1 and 2. War Department, Penn. ave. and 17th street. Washington Monument, Washington Park, near 14th st. First elevator at 9, last elevator at 4. White House, East Room, Penn. ave. and 16th street. Persons having business with the President will be received from 12 to 1 o'clock every day, except Tuesdays and Fridays. No public receptions are now given. The East Room is open to visitors daily from 10 to 2. 11 day Zoological Park,* Rock Creek. Open Sunday. 7 9 to 4:30 9 to 2 5 to 2 5 to sunset. 3 to 2 ? to 4 ) to 2 } to 4:30 ) to sunset. ) to 2 3 to 2 ) to 2 8:30 to 4:30 > to 2 READY REFERENCE GUIDE. For Ready Reference Map of Washington see page 14. It gives all chief points of interest. See also large folded map. RAILWAY STATIONS. Baltimore & Ohio Station— New Jersey avenue, corner C street, N. W., one square from the Capito! Pennsylvania avenue cable cars near the station connect with Baltimore & Potomac Station. Baltimore &°- Ohio Railroad, Norfolk cV° Western Railway. Baltimore & Potomac Station— 6th street, corner B, N. W., near Pennsylvania avenue. Penns vania avenue cars connect with Baltimore & Ohio Station. Atlantic Coast Line. Baltimore cV 5 Potomac Railroad. Chesapeake &f Ohio Railway. Pennsylvania Railroad. Richmond, Fredericksburg £r> Potomac Railroad. Southern Railway to Florida and the Sou' Washington, Alexandria & nt. Vernon Station — Pennsylvania avenue and 12th street. Washington, Arlington & Falls Church Station — Aqueduct Bridge via Georgetown. TELEGRAPH OFFICES.— Western Union— No. 541 15th street, corner F, opposite Treasury. Posta 1427 F street. In railroad stations. Telegraph Office in the Capitol— Corridor between Statu: Hall and the Hall of Representatives. STEAMBOATS leave from the wharf at the foot of 7th street; reached by 7th street line of cars, trans: from Pennsylvania avenue. Norfolk &** Washington Steamboat Co. — Steamer daily for Alexandria, Fortress Monroe, Norfolii Portsmouth, connecting at Old Point with Old Dominion Steamship Co. boats for New York. Mount Vernon — Steamboat daily. See page 150. POST=OFFICE.— The City Post-Office is on Pennsylvania avenue at 11th street. Money order divisio open from 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. Registry division open from 8:30 A. M. to 6 P. M. General deliver window never closed. BUREAUS. — Americzn Republics — No. 2 Lafayette square. Education— G and 8th streets. Ethnology* 1335 F street. Indian Affairs— 930 F street. Labor — New York avenue and 15th street. Weathti — 24th and M streets, via Pennsylvania avenue cars. WASHINGTON HOTELS, WITH RATES: For fuller particulars of the Ardmore, Buckingham, Dolly Madison, Driscoll, Fredonjj Fetra's, National, Richmond, Riggs, Rhode Island, St. James and Shoreham, see adv. page; La *American Plan. ^European Plan. t Albany, 17th and H t American, Pennsylvania Av. and 7th *t Ardmore, 516 13th, $1.50 to $2.50 (t$I) * Arlington, Vermont Av. and H, $5 * Bancroft, 18th and H, $2.50 and $3.50 *t Barton's, 15th near Treasury Belvidere, Pennsylvania Ave. and 3d * Buckingham. 15th, bet. I and K, $2.50 * Cairo, Q, bet. 16th and 17th, $3.50 up * Cochran, 14th and K, $4 up * Colonial, 15th and II, $2.50 to $4 t Columbia, Pennsylvania Av. and 14th, $1 * Dewey, 14th & L, $3.50 and up * Dolly Madison House, 1401 Mass. Av., $2 up *t Driscoll, 1st® B, N.W.. $2.50 up (t$1.50\ip) Dunbarton, Pa. Av., bet. 6th and 7th * Ebbitt, F. and 14th, $4 •t Elsmere, 140S H, $2 to $3 Engel, New Jersey Av. and C * Everett, H and 18th *t Fredonia. 1312 H, $2 up Fritz Reuter, Pa. Ay, and 4th *t Gordon, 16th"and I * Grafton, Conn. Av. and DeSales, $3 up * Hamilton, 14th and K, $2.50 up * Howard, Pa. Av. & 6th, $2 and $2.50 * Johnson, 13th and E, $2.50 Rates quoted are lowest. *t La Fetra's. G and 11th, $1.50 and $2 *t La Normandie, 15th and I, $4 *t Lincoln, H and 10th Litchfield, 906 14th Livingston, 1009 13th Mades, Pa. Av. and 3d * Metropolitan, 613 Pa. Av., $2.50 (t$l) *l National, Pa. Av. and 6th. $2.50 up (+$1) *t Oxford, 14th and N. Y. Av. $2.50 (t$l) Portland, 14th and Vermont Av. f Raleigh, Pa. Av. and 12th, $2.50 *t Regent, Pa. Av. and 15th, $3 (fl) *. Richmond. 17th and H, $4 * Riggs, 15th and G, $3 to $5 t St. James, Pa. Av. and 6th, $1 up * Rhode Island, 1437 Rhode Island Ave. t St. Louis, 14th and H, $1 *t Shoreham, 15th and H, $5 up (t$2 up) Stratford, Sheridan Ave. and 14th *t Varnum, N. J. Av. and 6th, S.E., $2 *t Vendome, Pa. Av. and 3d, $2.50 (t$l) t New Willard.'s, Pa. Av. and 14th Windsor, New York Av. and 15th Restaurants — -Philadelphia Oyster House, 513 11th St., N Wilson Cafe, Gil 12th St., N. W. Private Board— 133S Vermont Ave. N Ready Reference. 9 From the Capitol as a central point radiate North Capitol street, East street Capitol street, South Capitol street, and a line drawn west through the Plan center of the Mall. The city is thus divided into four sections— Northeast, Southeast, Northwest and Southwest. The streets and avenues are desig- nated N.E., S.E., N.W., and S.W., as they lie in the respective divisions. As most of the points of interest to visitors are included in the western divisions, all streets referred to in these pages are Northwest or South- west, unless otherwise designated. The numbered streets run north and south, beginning with ist street at the foot of Capitol Hill. The lettered streets run east and west, begin- ning with B street at the Mall. The avenues run northeast to southwest, and northwest to southeast. They are named after States. House numbers run (odd numbers on the right) in progression of ioo numbers to a block. Thus 510 Pennsylvania avenue is on the left-hand side, between 5th and 6th streets; and 510 14th street is between E (the fifth letter) and F streets. Pennsylvania avenue is the central avenue for the purposes of the visitor; it connects the railroad depots, Capitol, Treasury, White House and State Department. Other public buildings are but a square or two. Car fare 5c.-, six tickets for 25c. An extensive system of transfers is in Street operation. The Pennsylvania avenue lines, the F street and the G street Cars lines are those most used by the visitor to reach the several points of interest. The several routes are indicated by red lines on the large folded map. Cab fares are fixed by law as follows : One horse vehicles, each pas- Cab senger, fifteen squares or less, 25 cents ; each additional five squares or Fare * parts of squares, 10 cents. Two horse vehicles, one or two passengers, fifteen squares or less, 50 cents ; each additional five squares or parts of squares, 10 cents ; each additional passenger, fifteen squares or less, 25 cents; each additional five squares or parts of squares, 10 cents. Theatres. — The Theatres are : Chase's New Grand Opera House — Theaters Pennsylvania, avenue, near 15th street. Butler's New Bijou — gth. street, corner Louisiana avenue. Columbia — 12th and F streets. Kernan's Lyceum — 1014 Pennsylvania avenue. Belasco — East side Lafayette Square. New National — 1325 E street. Embassies and Legations. — Argentine Republic — 2108 16th street. Legations Austria-Hungary — 1304 18th street. Belgium — 1719 H street. Bolivia — 1633 16th street. Brazil — 1710 H street. Chile — The Rochambeau. China — 2001 19th street. Columbia — 1312 21st street. Costa Rica — 1329 18th street. Cuba — The Wyoming. • Denmark — 1521 20th street. Dominican Republic — The Shoreham. Ecuador — 1222 Connecticut avenue. France — ■ 1640 Rhode Island avenue. Germany — 1435 Massachusetts avenue. Great Britain — 1300 Connecticut avenue. Guatemala — 2 Stone street, New York City. Haiti — 1429 Rhode Island avenue. Honduras — New York City. Italy — 1400 New Hampshire avenue. Japan — 1310 N street. Mexico — 1415 I street. Netherlands — 1738 M street. Nicaragua — 2003 O street. Norway io Washington, the Nation's Capital. — 1753 Rhode Island avenue. Panama — The Highlands. Persia— 1800 19th street. Peru — 2171 Florida avenue. Portugal — 1710 H street. Russia— 1634 I street. Salvador— New York City. Si am— The Arling- ton. Spain— 1721 Q street. Sweden— 1808 I street. Switzerland— 2013 Hillyer Place. Turkey — 1629 Newton street. Uruguay — 1416 21st street. Venezuela — The Rochambeau. Churches Churches will be found listed on the large folded map in the back. Societies Societies. — Grand Army of the Republic — 1412 Pennsylvania avenue. Masonic Temple — 9th and F streets. Odd Fellows' Hall — 7th street, be- tween D and E. Scientific Societies have their headquarters at 1518 H street, the home of the Cosmos Club. ead -p HE d ead _L, etter Office Museum is in the building of the Post-Office Office department, Pennsylvania avenue and nth street. Open from 9 to 4. No pass is required. The Museum is on the ground floor. (The exhibits are sometimes removed from Washington for long periods, during which the Museum is closed.) Patent The Department of the Interior is at F to G and 6th to' 9th streets. Office ... The building is of freestone, granite and marble, and is adorned on the F street front with a fine portico of Doric columns copied in pattern and dimensions after those of the Parthenon. The three other fronts also have porticoes, classic in design. Of the several fields into which the work of the department is divided, that relating to patents is most widely known, and the great building is popularly called the Patent Office. The Museum of Models has been discontinued ; the models have been distributed to various institutions throughout the country. Many of the models, re- garded as relics, are now deposited in the National Museum. National Gallery. — The scope of the Smithsonian Institution pro- vides for a National Gallery of Art. Collections of paintings have been given by Harriet Lane Johnson, William T. Evans, C. L. Freer, and others ; and a portion of these have been installed in the lecture room of the National Museum. Mavy The Navy Annex is in the Mills building, at 17th street and Pennsyl- vania avenue, one of the modern office buildings of steel cage construction which by their height dwarf the adjacent public buildings. The eagle on the flagstaff is an effigy in copper and aluminum of "Old Abe," a bald- headed eagle which was the mascot of the Eighth Wisconsin Volunteers i in the Civil War. The bird on the flagstaff measures 8-ft. from tip to tip 1 of wings ; it is 142-ft. above the street, and always faces the wind. Signal Office. — The Signal Office is on M street at 24th. Army ^he Army Medical Museum is in the Mall, at the corner of 7th and B I streets ; it is reached by Pennsylvania avenue cars, with transfer to 7th 1 Iluseum street line (one fare), and is open from 9 to 4. The Department of Agriculture Buildings 'are in the Mall, a short distance west of the Smithsonian. They are open to visitors from 9 to 4; Ready Reference. n and in the museum will be found an interesting display of various agricul- Agricultural tural products, illustrating their growth and industrial and commercial Departme treatment. The National Botanical Garden, at the foot of Capitol Hill, is open Botanical to the public from 8 to 5. Its conservatories contain large collections of Gar den rare plants from all parts of the world. The traveler's tree from Madagas- car, the Hottentot poison ordeal tree from the Cape of Good Hope, the Jesuit's Bark (cinchona) from South America, and specimens from the Sandwich Islands, Japan, Queensland, Norfolk Island, Sumatra and scores of other distant lands afford abundant interest. North of the conservatory is the Bartholdi Fountain, which was exhibited at the Philadelphia Cen- tennial. It is the work of the French sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, famed for his statue of .Liberty in New York harbor. The Government Printing Office is at North Capitol and H streets. JJ|J.°* illg Here all the Government publications are printed, including the bills of Congress, the daily Congressional Record of the proceedings of Congress, Department Reports and others. It is reputed to be the largest printing office in the world. Visitors are escorted through the several departments at 10 A. M. and 2 P. M., and at other times when a large number warrants it. The tour takes from one to two hours. Fish Commission.— The building of the United States Fish Commission P jsh . . , ^r ,, ^, , t^ rlu Commission is m the Mall at 6th and B streets, S.W. The District of Columbia comprises an area of 69,245 square miles and District by police census of 1904 had a population of 323,346. The government con- ® f sists of two civilian Commissioners, appointed by the President and con- firmed by the Senate, and one Army engineer officer, detailed by the Secre- tary of War, the three constituting a Board of Commissioners for three years. The office is in the District Building, La. avenue between 4 l / 2 and 6. A new municipal hall is building at 14th and E streets, near Pennsyl- vania avenue. Residents have no vote. Old Capitol. — After the burning of the Capitol in 1814, citizens of Old Washington built on North A street a. temporary Capitol, which was occu- Capitol pied by Congress until 1819, after which it was known as the Old Capitol. The building has been converted into dwelling houses. Universities and Colleges. — American University — Loughbury Road. Colleges The Catholic University of America — at the corner of Lincoln avenue and 4th street, near Soldiers' Home; Eckington cars. George Washington University — 15th street and H. Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and National Deaf Mute College — in Kendall Green, M street and Florida avenue. Howard University — /th street and Boundary. Washing- ton Seminar}' — 523 New Hampshire avenue. The Young Men's Christian Association is on G street between 17th Y - M - c > A > and 18th streets. Cemeteries. — The Congressional Cemetery, on the Eastern Branch Cemeteries north of the Navy Yard, contains graves of members of Congress, officers of the Army and other public men. In Oak Hill, on Georgetown 12 Washington, the Nation's Capital. Cemeteries Carnegie ilarket Ford's Theater Oldroyd Lincoln Museum Heights, is the grave of John Howard Payne, author of "Home, Sweet Home." Payne died while United States Consul at Tunis, and was buried on a hill overlooking the ruins of Carthage. In 1882 Wm. W. Corcoran had the remains brought home to America. Edwin M. Stanton, Salmon P. Chase and other notable men are buried here. Rock Creek Cemetery, northeast of the Soldiers' Home, is noted for the two bronze statues, "Memory," by Partridge, and "Peace of God," by St. Gaudens. (See also Arlington and Soldiers' Home chapters.) The Carnegie Public Library is in the Vernon Square, at the intersec- tion of Massachusetts and New York avenues and 8th street. The building was given by Andrew Carnegie. Market. — The Center Market, Pennsylvania avenue and 7th street, may be counted as among the Washington haunts of great men. Chief Justice Marshall, Daniel Webster and President William Henry Harrison were accustomed to do their marketing here in person. Ford's Theater, in which occurred the assassination of President Lincoln, April 14, 1865, is on 10th street, between E and F. The builcu.'qr is now used for public business and contains nothing of interest. Across the street, the house in which Lincoln died contains a collection of Lincoln relics. Oldroyd Lincoln Museum. — The house in which Lincoln died (No. 516 10th street, between E and F) con- tains the Oldroyd Lincoln memorial col- lection, begun by O. H. Oldroyd in i860, and now comprising thousands of objects connected with or relating to the mar- tyred President. Among them are the following: Family Bible in which Lin- coln wrote his name in boyhood; log from the old Lincoln home; stand made from logs of house in which Lincoln lived, 1832-36; rail split by Lincoln and John Hanks in 1830 (with affidavit by Hanks) ; discharge given to one of his men by Captain A. Lincoln, Black Hawk War, 1832; picture of Springfield House; flag carried in Lincoln and Hamlin cam- paign; office chair in which Lincoln sat when he drafted his first Cabinet; fare- well address to neighbors; articles of fur- niture from the Springfield home; auto- graph letters; life-mask and cast, of hands by L. W. Volk; hat worn on night of April 14, 1865; chair occupied in theater; bill of the play (Our American Cousin); 250 funeral sermons; 63 marches and Ready Reference. 13 dirges; 263 portraits, including the earliest known; 209 medals; 1,000 volumes of Lincoln biographies and works relating to slavery and the war. Georgetown. — Georgetown, or West Washington, three miles west from '_ , ' _ , . -r, Georgetown ;he Capitol, is reached by the Pennsylvania avenue or b street cars; it s on the route to Arlington. The city antedates the founding of Washi- ngton. The heights command noble views. The city is the seat of Georgetown College, the oldest and largest Jesuit college in this country, rhe first building was erected in 1789. Key House. — The house once occupied by Francis Scott Key, author of K ey House .he "Star Spangled Banner," is on M street, in Georgetown, near the Aqueduct Bridge. The Francis Scott Memorial Association has under- aken to provide a fund of $25,000 to purchase -and restore the house. Membership in the association is open to any American on payment of j>i annual dues. The treasurer is W. D. Hoover, of Washington. Anacostia is on the Eastern Branch of the Potomac opposite. Ben- ding is on the Eastern Branch opposite Washington. Bladensburg is Suburbs 5-miles northeast. Brightwood is 3-miles north. Chevy Chase — Con- lecticut avenue extended and District line; reached by Rock Creek car ine. Falls of the Potomac — The Little Falls are 4-miles above the city ; .he Great Falls 14-miles. Fort Myer is in Virginia, 3-miles; reached by Wash., Arlington & Falls Church Ry. Glen Echo — Conduit Road, 6-miles lorthwest. Mount Pleasant — Head of 14th street, >2-mile above Florida ivenue. Takoma — 5-miles north. Tennallytown — 3-miles north of Georgetown. Long Bridge. — The Long Bridge over the Potomac, famous as the Long Bridge "oute of the Federal Armies, has been demolished. Fort Myer is near Arlington on the heights of Virginia, opposite Wash- Fort riyer ngton. The route is by the W., A. & F. C. Railway from the Aqueduct Bridge. It is the most important United States Army post near Washi- ngton. At the United States Signal Station, below he railroad at Fort Myer, is the new building erected for the signal balloon corps. ' Cabin-John Bridge, 7-miles from Georgetown, forms part of the aque- Cabin=John luct system. The bridge is 420-ft. in length, and the arch, with a span :f 220- ft., is reputed to be the largest stone arch in existence. The Continental Memorial Hall, erected by the National Society of Continental he Daughters of the American Revolution, is on Seventeenth street. It HaIt ias on the north the Corcoran Gallery of Art; and on the south will be rected the new building of the Bureau of American Republics. The Memorial Hall was provided to meet the business and commemorative ■equirements of the D. A. R., and it has a large auditorium. The Hall vas designed by Edward Pearce Casey, well known in connection- with lis work in the Library of Congress building. The cost of the Hall ipproximated $350,000. The cornerstone was laid with elaborate cere- ponies in 1904. on "Lexington Day," the celebration of the Battle of exington, April 18. An illustration is given in another page. The National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution was organ- ed Oct. 11, 1890, with Mrs: Benjamin Harrison as President-General. [_AJJ a I »*% m HA \ I l_t LA Standard Guide i formation Bureau 1333 Pa. Av. □an aoa ^ ^ ^-^zzi$[ i ™ ShorchaiJ I Jf^iPl^nfp^p kJ, r^-i* ^ IZE. See Also the Large Folded STANDARD GUIDE MAP OF WASHINGTON ,o£i '£*££} 1 [indents □ad§ aa STANDARD GUIDE ^n WASHINGTO I * J"\ fSTO ^Maa CAPITOL lAMlCAJ ^~ I I TMarineJlospUal I 0^\Jw jLt/suU zoOna EAST CAPITOL S^SS 1»ay □ a Houseyo f Represe ntatives „1 J i— CAR ROLL I "S ■^Office Building V7.J pSTV, SEWARD f PLACE I :NCE MAP OF WASHINGTON. j 5 Washington, the Nation's Capital. . A Potomac Memorial Bridge has been projected to connect Wash- ington and Arlington, as shown on the folding map. In Congress its ad- vocates have asked for an appropriation of $5,000,000. History Historical. — After protracted discussion of the claims of New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and other cities to be named as the Capital, Congress in 1790 empowered President Washington to select a location for a Federal City on the Potomac River. The story goes that the site chosen by him, and which became the seat of the city named in his honor, was one to which he had been attracted in his younger days when he was a surveyor. The task of laying out the new town was intrusted to Major L'Enfant, one of the French officers who had served in the American army. He drew the plans on a scale which was intended to be commensurate with the importance of the city as the Capital of the United States. The details were modified in some measure by the successors of L'Enfant, but to him we owe in its general plan the beautiful Washington of to-day. The area which is devoted to streets, avenues and parks exceeds in proportion that of any other city in the world. During the Civil War Washington was converted into a vast encamp- ment of troops passing to and from the field; and into a hospital for thousands of sick and wounded. The city was defended by a circuit of sixty-eight forts. STATUES AND MONUMENTS. Dupont — Dupont Circle. — Rear- Admiral Samuel Francis Dupont. By Launt Thompson. Farragut — Farragut Square. — Admiral David Glascoe Farragut. By Vinnie Ream Hoxie. Bronze cast from guns of the flagship Hartford. Franklin — Pennsylvania avenue, 10th and D streets. — Benjamin Franklin — Printer, Patriot, Philosopher, Philanthropist. By Plassman. Presented by Stillson Hutchins. Frederick the Great. — A statue presented by Emperor William has been placed in the grounds of the War College. Garfield. — Maryland avenue entrance to Capitol grounds. See page 41. Grant. — A statue of Gen. U. S. Grant, by H. M. Shrady, for which Congress has appropriated $250,000, will be placed in the Mall south of the White House. Greene — Stanton Square. — Gen. Nathaniel Greene. By H. K. Brown. The uniform is that of the Continental Army. Gross— Smithsonian grounds, near Medical Museum — Dr. Samuel D. Gross, dis- tinguished American physician and surgeon. Hahnemann— Scott Circle. — Christian Samuel Friedrich Hahnemann, German phy- sician, founder of homeopathy. Hancock— Pennsylvania •avenue and 7th street. — Maj.-Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock. By Henry J. Ellicott. Henry — Smithsonian grounds. — Joseph Henry, first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. By W. W. Story. Jackson — Lafayette Square. — Gen. Andrew Jackson, here presented as the hero of the Battle of New Orleans. The bronze was cast from cannon taken in Jackson's campaigns, and the cannon were contemporary. A replica is in Jackson Square, New Orleans. By Clark Mills. Lafayette— Lafayette Square and Pennsylvania avenue. — By the French sculptors Falquiere and Mercier. Provided by Congress to commemorate the distinguished services of Lafayette and other French officers in the cause of the Colonies. Ready Reference. ' 17 Lafayette is represented in the uniform of the Continental Army. America extends to him a sword. The other figures of the group are Rochambeau, Duportail, D'Estaing and De Grasse. The Marquis de Lafayette offered his services to the Americans in 1777, was com- missioned Major-General, and served throughout the war. He took part in the bat- tles of Brandywine, Monmouth and Yorktown; in 1824 he revisited America, and was given a continuous ovation by the twenty-four States. Count Rochambeau was in command of the French army of 6,000 men sent to aid the Americans in 1780, and contributed to the victory of Yorktown. Duportail was a French officer who served under Lafayette in America. Count d'Estaing commanded the French fleet sent to the assistance of America in 1778; and Count de Grasse, of the French fleet, took part in the victory of Yorktown. The portraits of Lafayette, Rochambeau and De Grasse are in Trumbull's Yorktown. Lincoln— Fourth and D streets. — Abraham Lincoln. By Scott Flannery. Lincoln — Lincoln Park. — Emancipation Monument, representing Lincoln as the emancipator. • By Thomas Ball. Lincoln. — A Lincoln memorial will be placed on the bank of the Potomac west of the Washington Monument. Logan — Iowa Circle. — Gen. John A. Logan. By Franklin Simmons. Luther — Thomas Circle. — Martin Luther. T >lica of statue at Worms, Germany. McPherson — McPherson Square. — Gen. James B. McPherson. By James T. Robisso. Erected by the Society of the Army of the Tennessee. Marshall — Capitol west terrace. — John Marshall, Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835. By W. W. Story. The figures in the panels, of Italian marble, are: Minerva Dictating the Constitution to Young America, and Victory Lead- ing Young America to Swear Fidelity at the Altar of the Union. See page 55. Naval Monument, or Monument of Peace, Pennsylvania avenue at the foot of Capitol Hill. — By Franklin Simmons; erected from funds contributed by members of the Navy. "In memory of the Officers, Seamen and Marines of the United States Navy who fell in defense of the Union and Liberty of their Country, 1861- 1865." The figures are of America weeping; History with record tablet: "They died that their country might live;" Victory with laurel wreath, and Peace with olive branch. See page 54. Pike — Indiana avenue and 3d street. — Albert Pike. Rawlins — Pennsylvania avenue, Louisiana avenue and 9th street. — Gen John A. Rawlins. By J. Bailey. Rochambeau — Lafayette Square. — Jean Baptiste Donatien de Vimeure, Comte de Rochambeau. By F. Hamar. Presented by France in 1902. See Lafayette. Scott— Scott Square.— Gen. Winfield Scott. By H. K. Brown. Scott — Soldiers' Home grounds. — By Launt Thompson. Sherman— Equestrian statue south of Treasury. Gen. William T. Sherman. By Carl Rohl-Smith. Thomas— Thomas Circle.— Gen. George H. Thomas. By J. Q. A. Ward. Erected by the Society of the Army of the Cumberland. Washington— Washington Circle.— George Washington. By Clark Mills. Washing- ton is represented as he appeared at the Battle of Princeton, Jan. 3, 1777, when he checked the retreat of Mercer's wavering militia and turned defeat into victory. The portrait is from the Houdon bust made from life. The horse was modeled from one captured from a wild herd on the prairie near Fort Leaven- worth, Kan. Washington— Esplanade east of Capitol.— By Horatio Greenough. The inscriptions are chosen from Henry Lee's oration on the death of Washington, pronounced before both Houses of Congress, Dec. 16, 1799: "First in War— First in Peace- First in the Hearts of His Countrymen." The sculptor's signature runs: "Simulacrum istud ad magnum Libertatis nee sine ipsa duratum Horatius Greenough faciebat"— "Horatio Greenough made this statue for a great examplar of Freedom; not without Freedom can it endure." See page 55. Webster — Scott Circle. — Daniel Webster. Washington, the Nation's Capital. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. THE BEAUTIFICATION OF WASHINGTON. The Beautification of Washington is a subject which has engaged the attention of Congress. Plans have been submitted by a Park Com- mission appointed by the Senate, and consisting of Messrs. Burnham, McKim, St. Gaudens and Olmstead. The report recommends the estab- lishment of a parkway comprising the Mall, extending from the Capitol to the Monument, one and one-half miles, and with a, width of 800 feet. From this territory would be removed the buildings now upon it, to the end that there might be an uninterrupted vista, whether of the park in a natural state, or given a formal arrangement as the Commission recom- mends. THE UNION RAILWAY STATION. The Union Railway Station, which will supersede the present rail- way station, is under construction at a point northeast of the Capitol, as shown on our map, pages 14-15. It is building by the Pennsylvania Rail- road, the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, the United States and the District of Columbia. The building is of magnificent proportions, exceeding the Capitol in its dimensions, with a length of 760 feet, and a width of 343 feet. The exterior material is white granite from Bethel, Vermont. The structure was designed by Daniel H. Burnham, the architect of the Chicago World's Fair, and is of monumental character, the architect having found his inspiration in the great triumphal arches of Rome. The Pennsylvania Railroad and the roads from the south will reach Ready Reference, 19 the hew station through twin tunnels through Capitol Hill. The tunnels are below First street, between the Capitol and the Library, being, at the Neptune fountain, forty feet below the surface. Cathedral of Ss. Peter and Paul. — The site of the Protestant Epis- copal Cathedral of Ss. Peter and Paul, on St. Alban's Hill, at junction of Massachusetts and Wisconsin avenues, is marked by the Peace Cross, Peace Cross erected in 1898. In the summer the people's open-air evensong, held every Sunday afternoon at 4:30, attracts large audiences. The route is via Tennallytown or Chevy Chase cars. Bureau of American Republics. — The building for the Bureau of American American Republics, for the erection of which Andrew Carnegie has given Republics $750,000, will be built on the grounds of the old Van Ness place, a five- acre plot on Seventeenth street, south of the Corcoran Gallery. The Bureau is. an institution supported by twenty-one republics of the Americas, for the promotion of commerce and trade and for the culti- vation of peace and friendship. U. S. Marine Band. — The United States Marine Band, also known as Marine Band the "President's Own," has been in existence for over a century, and is the largest and best equipped military band in the United States. In addition to the regular duties of the U. S. - Marine Corps, it performs at all functions, official and private, in the White House. During the months of June, July, August and September, this organization gives three concerts a week : Wednesday at the Capitol, Thursday at the Marine Barracks, and Saturday at the White House, each concert be- ginning an hour and a half before sunset. During the winter months it gives orchestral concerts' every Monday afternoon at 2 o'clock, in the concert hall of the Marine Barracks, which is located on 8th street, S.E., between G and I streets. The National Zoological Park, which is administered under the Zoological Smithsonian Institution, covers 167 acres of ground beyond the north- p a«"k western limits of the city, and contains interesting and valuable collec- tions of living animals. It is easily accessible by street cars running from Pennsylvania Avenue and 7th street ; and from 9th to F streets, without change, and from other points. The purpose of this Park, as defined in the legislative authority for its establishment in 1889, is "the advance- ment of science and the instruction and recreation of the people." In carrying out this purpose, it undertakes primarily to collect and preserve our national fauna, and secondarily to provide entertainment for the public, while it incidentally preserves to the people of the District a singularly beautiful tract of land. McClellan Statue. — An equestrian statue of General McClellan, de- signed by Frederick MacMonnies, at the intersection of Connecticut avenue and N street. City of Magnificent Distances. — This phrase as descriptive of Wash- ington was original with Abbe Carrea, Minister from Portugal in 1816. 20 Washington, the Nation's Capital. SOME HISTORIC HOMES ON LAFAYETTE SQUARE: Many of the houses surrounding the square possess interesting asso- ciations as the homes of public men. The plot of ground now occupied by the Lafayette Square Opera House, on Madison place, was in the '30s owned by Henry Clay; he traded it for an imported and long-pedigreed jackass to Commodore Rodgers, who built the home, which stood until torn down in 1895 to make way for the opera house. After Commodore Rodgers, Secretary of the Treasury Roger B. Taney lived here ; and then followed Secretary of the Navy James K. Paulding; Secretary of State William H. Seward, who in one of the upper rooms was struck by the would-be assassin in that fateful night of April 14, 1865; and James G. Blaine, who in the same room died in 1893. Further north, on the corner of Madison place and H street, the home of the scientific Cosmos Club was formerly known as Dolly Madison's house. Here Mrs. Madison lived from 1837 to her death; then Admiral Wilkes occupied the house until the Civil War, and it then became the headquarters of Gen. McClellan. Diagonally across the street is the red brick house (now an annex of the Arlington Hotel) which was for more than twenty years the home of Charles Sumner. Further west, on the corner of Connecticut avenue and H street, is- Corcoran House, the home of the late W. W. Corcoran, and before him of Daniel Webster while Secretary of State. It is recorded that the Ashburton Treaty was dis- cussed and practically concluded in this house. The house on the southwest corner of H street and Jackson place was built in 1819 by Commodore Decatur (the author, of the toast, "My country: may she be always in the right; but right or wrong— my country"), and it was occupied by Henry Clay, Martin Van Buren and Edward Livingston, during their respective terms as Secretary of State, and by Ministers of ; Russia, England and France. HOUSE BRONZE DOORS. The House Bronze Doors. — The bronze doors of the portico of the Hall of Representatives were set in place in 1905. The designs were by Crawford, the sculptor of the Statue of Freedom surmounting the Dome, the bronze doors of the Senate portico and other sculptures elsewhere noted. The modeling of the doors was by William H. Rinehart. Con- gress appropriated $45,000 for the casting, which was done by Melzar H. Mossman, Chicopee, Mass. The subjects are: Massacre of Wyoming. — In July, 1778, a force of British provincials and Indians invading the Wyoming Valley, in Pennsylvania, set fire to dwellings and murdered many of the inhabitants. Battle of Lexington. — Fought April 19, 1775. The beginning of the American Revolution. Presentation of flags to Gen. William Moultrie for his defense of Sullivan's Island, Charleston Harbor, June 28, 1776. Death of General Montgomery, in the attack on Quebec, Dec. 31, 1775. The Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776. Treaty of Paris. . Treaty of Peace between the United States and Great Britain, Sept. 3, 1783. Washington's Farewell to his officers, at New York, Dec. 4, *793- Benjamin Franklin. THE CAPITOL. The Capitol is situated on Capitol Hill, 1 1-3 miles from the White House and Treasury, ^-mile from the Baltimore & Potomac Station, and one square from the Baltimore & Ohio Station. It is reached by the F street and the Pennsylvania avenue cars, both of which ascend the hill. One may leave the Pennsylvania avenue cars at the Peace Monu- ment, near the west entrance, and thus gain the grandest approach; or may continue (on the Navy Yard car) to the top of the hill. The building is open daily, except Sundays and holidays, from 9 to 4:30, or until one-half hour after adjournment. During a term of Congress the forenoon is the best time for inspecting the legislative halls and the various committee rooms. Congress goes into session at 12 o'clock noon; visitors are allowed upon the floor of Senate and House until 11:45, thereafter in the galleries, only. The several galleries are designated over the doors: Gentlemen's, Ladies', Reserved, Diplomatic Corps, Press. Those marked Ladies' and Gentlemen's are open to the public. *** The Capitol Guides. — There is a staff of regularly authorized Capitol guides, who conduct visitors through the building, and point out and. explain all objects of interest; and it will be found advantageous to employ their services. THE CAPITOL is distinguished for its commanding situation and majestic proportions, for the dignity, grace and beauty of design, and the adornments and decorations which beautify it without and within. All these unite to give it rank as an architectural object among the noblest in the world. From an elevated site on Capitol Hill, 97-ft. above the level of the river, it overlooks the amphitheatre of the Potomac and is a conspicuous feature of the landscape from miles on every side. It is set amid grounds whose extent and arrangement add much to the architectural effect. The building faces the east, for in that quarter the projectors assumed that the city would grow ; but the development of Washington has been toward the west, and it is from this direction that the Capitol is usually approached. From the main western entrance of the grounds, near the Peace Monument, the approach leads up the gently rising lawns to flights of steps, which give ascent to the upper terrace or open court, which ex- tends the entire length of the west front and around the north and south ends. Here a beautiful view is afforded of the city and encircling hills. From the court the west door of the building gives access to flights of stairs which lead to the Rotunda. On the east front are three grand porticoes with Corinthian columns, and there is a portico of similar columns on the end and west front of each extension, and a loggia on the west front of the main building. Broad flights of marble steps lead up to the porticoes from the esplanade on the east. The central building is constructed of Virginia sandstone, painted white; the ex- tensions are of Massachusetts marble. The 24 columns of the grand central portico are monoliths of Virginia sandstone, 30ft. high ; the 100 columns of the extension porticos are monoliths of Maryland marble. The entire length of the Capitol is 751ft. 4in. ; width, 350ft. ; area, over 3% ' acres. The corner stone of the main building was laid by President Washington on Sept. 18, 1793. The wings of the central building were completed in 1811, and were partially 21 NORTH FRONT E cd o> „ o rt 5 2 M W 4) — Q n g 4-. re o" J ^-O o B J 'Crt 4-ft. above the esplanade. The height of the Dome above the base line of the east front is 287-ft. 5-in. ; from the roof balustrade. 217-ft. 11- in. ; diameter at the base, 135-ft. 5-in. It is of iron, and weigs 8,909,200-lbs. It is so constructed that with the variations of temperature the iron plates expand and contract, "like the folding and unfolding of a lily." The peristyle has 36 columns and 36 windows, with a balustrade above. The lantern is 15-ft. in diameter and 50-ft. in height; it has electric lights, which illuminate the Dome during a night session. The Dome was designed by Walter, and was completed in 1865. The Dome is ascended for the view by a winding stairway. Statue of ^' ie b ronze statue of Armed Liberty, designed by Crawford, is 19-ft. 6-in. high, and Libertv we 'g' ls 14,985-lbs. It was set in place on Dec. 2, 1863. A full-sized model of the figure is in the National Museum, where the majestic expression of the countenance may be noted, and the details studied of the crest of the eagle's beak and plumes, sheathed sword, shield, and supporting globe with its legend, E Pluribus Unum. Rotunda The east portico of the House is plain ; on those of the Rotunda and Portico the Senate has been expended the chief exterior adornment of the Capitol. On the tympanum of the Rotunda portico is an allegorical group (by Persico, after design of John Quincy Adams) of the Genius of America. In the centre stands America, with the eagle at her feet. Her shield, with its legend, U. S. A., rests upon an altar inscribed with the significant date, July 4, 1776. She is listening to the inspiration of Hope, and indi- cating her reliance upon Justice, whose scroll of the Constitution bears the date of the adoption of that instrument, September 17, 1787. The Of the two colossal groups in marble on the portico, one is Persico's narble Discovery of America; it represents Columbus and an Indian girl; the roups armor was copied from a suit worn by Columbus, now preserved in Genoa. The other group is Greenough's Settlement of America — a pioneer in des- perate conflict with a savage. On either side of the doorway are marble figures (by Persico) of War— Mars in Roman mail, with shield and spear; and Peace — Ceres, with olive branch and fruits. Over the door is a com- position of Peace and Fame placing a wreath of laurel upon the brow of Washington. At the Rotunda entrance is the Rogers Bronze Door. Senate The fortunes of the American Indians furnish a theme which we shall Portico nn( j constantly recurring throughout the decorations of the Capitol. The marbles and bronzes of the Rotunda portico are suggestive of the first contact of the white race and the red ; the marble group in the tympanum of the Senate portico is significant of what the coming of the new race was to mean for the old. The subject (by Crawford) is American Devel- opment and the Decadence of the Indian Race. In the centre stands America, -in the effulgence of the rising sun, bestowing honor instead of gifts upon General Washington; on the right are Commerce, Education, Mechanics and Agriculture; on the left the Pioneer, the Hunter, a dejected .•(, Washington, the Nation's ( 'apital, ( huK.nn. and an Indian mothei with i"' 1 babe mourning beside .1 grave* i u ji u . u ,,n above the Senate entrance are marble figures ©1 Justice and ii 1: .,,, M ,i M ( rawford), and the dooi is the Crawford Bronsse Door, Rotunda lin Rotunda in the centre oi the main building is the room to which ,mi«' usually comes first, and il is .1 convenient poinl from which to visit du- various parts oi the Capitol, Hie north door leads to the Supreme Court Room, the Senate, and the stairwaj to the Dome; the south door to the Statuarj Hall and the House; the east dooi (Rogers Bron e) opens on the portico, and the west dooi leads to the wesl entrance. v..nr \ convenient programme foi seeing the Capitol is to studj first the •< i, t6so (Weir.) ftaduratlra The Declaration of Independence, Philadelphia, Julj 1. 1776 (Bj John rrumbull, of Connecticut) The scene is the hall of the Continental Con is John Hancock, President oi the Congress, is seated at the table, ■; him stand the Committee oi Five Thomas Jefferson, John \. ms, Benjamin Franklin, Rogei Sherman and Robert L Livingston, Saratoga The Surrender of Burgoyne, Saratoga, Oct, c. 1777, (Bj rrumbull.) represents Gen, Burgoyne, attended bj Gen, Phillips and wd by other officers, arriving near the marquee of Gen, Gates. Gen . < lias advanced a lew steps from the entrance to meet the prisoner who : offering his sword, which Gen. Gates declines to receive; and invites them to enter and panakc oi refreshments. A number ot the • American arm> arc assembled near their General."- Vatfctawii Surrender of Cornwallis, Yorktown, Oc1 10. r-Si (Trumbull) 'The esentS the moment when the officers oi" the British army. In Gen. Lincoln, are passing the two groups of American and id entei ng between the two lines of victors." lioi, 28 Washington, the Nation's Capital. Washington's The Resignation of General Washington, Annapolis, Dec. 23, 1783. Resignation (Trumbull.) "After taking an affectionate leave of his old comrades at New York, General Washington, accompanied by only two of them, pro- ceeded to Annapolis, where Congress was then sitting, and there resigned his commission into the hands of twenty-three powerless men, divested himself of all authority, and retired to private Hie."— Elliot. Washington's surrendered commission is preserved in the State Department, and the uniform of Commander-in-Chief worn on this occasion is shown among the Washington relics in the National Museum. Trumbull The Trumbull paintings have peculiar interest and value because the figures in Series them are authentic portraits. Col. John Trumbull, an aide-de-camp of Washington, "having a natural taste for drawing, took the resolution of cultivating that talent, with the hope of thus binding his name to the great events of the Revolution by be- coming the graphic historiographer of them and of his comrades." With this view he devoted himself to the study of the art of painting, first in this country and then in Europe. To John Adams, then Minister to England, and Thomas Jefferson, Minister to France, he communicated his ambitious design of painting a series commemorative of the principal events of the Revolution, preserving faithful portraits of its con- spicuous actors, and accurate details of scenes, dress and arms. He painted Adams in London, and Jefferson in Paris, and at the house of Jefferson the French officers who were to be included in the Yorktown picture. He was given sittings by Washington and others in New York, at that time the seat of government, and then traveled through the country, from New Hampshire to South Carolina, collecting portraits and other materials. In 1816, after more than thirty years of preparation, he was commissioned by Congress to paint the four great pictures now in the Rotunda — works which at once are held pricesless tor their portraits of the Fathers of the Republic, and are a realization of the artist's high ambition. Sculptures In the arabesques above the paintings are sculptured portraits of Co- lumbus, Raleigh, Cabot and La Salle (by Capellano and Causici) ; and above the doors are sculptures of the Landing of the Pilgrims, Pocahontas 1 Rescuing Capt. John Smith, William Penn's Conference with the Indians,, and Daniel Boone in Conflict with the Indians. (These are by Causici,i Capellano and Gevelot.) At a height of 65-ft. above the floor, and encir- Rotunda cling the wall, here 300-ft. in circumference, runs a fresco (by Brumidi andj Frieze Castigini) in imitation of high relief, illustrating periods of the history^ of the continent. America is depicted with Indian and eagle, standing withli History, who records on her tablet the progress of events. The subjects: are: Landing of Columbus, Cortez and Montezuma in the Temple of thee Sun, Pizarro in Peru, Burial of De Soto, Rescue of Capt. John Smith,i Landing at Plymouth Rock, Penn's Treaty with the Indians, Settlementl of New England, Oglethorpe and the Muscogees, Battle of Lexington,! Declaration of Independence, Surrender of Lord Cornwallis, Death of! Tecumseh, the American Army Entering the City of Mexico, California;: Gold Mining. The series is to be completed. Canopy The canopy overhanging the eye of the Dome, at a height of iSo-ft.l above the Rotunda floor, is 65-ft. in diameter, and gives a field of 4640J square feet for Brumidi's colossal allegorical fresco. This may be studied! to better advantage from the gallery which is immediately below it, reached^ by the Dome stairway. See page 35. The gallery, which encircles the hall just beneath the canopy above, 1 30 Washington, the Nation's Capital. THE ROTUNDA CANOPY — APOTHEOSIS OF WASHINGTON. COMMERCE, FREEDOM. The Capitol. AGRICULTURE. MECHANICS. ARTS — SCIENCE. THE ROTUNDA CANOPY. The allegory is of the Apotheosis of Washington. In the center is Washington, seated in majesty, like Jove on Olympus, with supernal beings attending him. On his right sits Freedom; on his left Victory; and about him float the Thirteen States as aerial figures, their banner inscribed: E Pluribus Unum. Beneath, and encircling the base of the canopy, runs an allegory of the Revolution. The group in line directly below Washington represents the Fall of Tyranny — Freedom with her eagle putting to rout the forces of War, Tyranny, Priestcraft, Discord, Anger and Revenge. Follow- ing to the right are depicted in succession; Agriculture (America, Ceres, Flora and Pomona) ; Mechanics (Vulcan) ; Commerce (Mercury, with portrait of Alexander Hamilton, and of Robert Morris, signer of the Declaration, financier of the Revolu- tion, in the last days of his life imprisoned for debt, and here given enduring fame); Marine (Neptune, and .Aphrodite with the Atlantic cable); Arts and Sciences (Minerva, with portraits of Franklin, Fulton and Morse). Statues 32 Washington, the Nation's Capital. Whispering a whispering gallery, wherein two persons standing on opposite sides Gallery 65-ft. apart, may distinctly hear one another speaking in whispers. The statues are of Lincoln, Jefferson, Baker, Grant and Hamilton. Edward Dickinson Baker, of Oregon, 1811-1816; Fought in Mexican War; Senator from Oregon; commanded a brigade at Ball's Bluff, Oct. 21, 1861, and was mortally- wounded. (By Horatio Stone.) Ulysses Simpson Grant, 1822-1885. Lieutenant-General in the Civil War and commander of the Union armies; President 1869-77. (By Franklin Simmons.) Alexander Hamilton, of New York, 1757-1804. Officer in Revolution; exerted important influence through the Federalist in securing adoption of the Constitution; President Washington's Secretary of the Treasury; author of our financial system. A panel in the Senate Bronze Door commemorates Hamilton's gallantry at York- town, when he led an advanced corps to the storming of a British redoubt. (By Stone.) Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, 1743-1826. Author of the Declaration of Independ- ence and one of its signers; as Member of Congress, originated our system of coinage; as Minister to France negotiated important commercial treaties; Secretary of State, Washington's first term; Vice-President with John Adams; President 1801-9; founder of the first Republican Party, from which the Democratic Party of to-day claims descent. (By P. D. David d'Angers; presented by Capt. U. P. Levy, U. S. Navy.) Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois, 1809-65. President 1861-65. (By Vinnie Ream.) Rogers At the east door of the Rotunda is the Rogers Bronze Door, designed Door and modeled by the American artist, Randolph Rogers, at Rome in 1858, and cast by Von Miller at Munich. The panels are filled with high reliefs illustrating scenes in the career of Columbus. The subjects are: Columbus before the Council of Salamanca; His Departure from the Convent of La Rabida; the Audience before Ferdinand and Isabella; the Sailing from Palos on the First Voyage; the Landing at San Salvador; the First Encounter with the Indians; the Triumphal Entry into Barcelona; Columbus in Chains; His Death. On the transom arch is a portrait of the Discoverer; and on the panel borders, in; papal robe and royal crown and suit of mail, are the personages who played their 1 parts in the memorable world drama of the fifteenth century — the sovereigns Alex-| ander VI. of Rome, Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, Charles VIII. of France, John 1 II. of Portugal, and Henry VII. of England; the friends and patrons of Columbus- Cardinal Mendoza, Lady Beatriz de Bobadilla, and Juan Parez de Marchena, priori of La Rabida; the companions of the Discoverer and conquerors of the New World— Pinzon, captain of the "Pinta"; Bartholomew Columbus, Ojeda, Vespucci, Cortez, I Balboa, and Pizarro. The frames of the panels show portraits of Irving, Prescott and 1 other historians of Columbus. The decorative scheme of the border is of anchors, rudders, casques and armor, symbolical of exploration and conquest; while four race< types stand for the continents, Asia, Africa, Europe and America. Inauguration The Rotunda portico is the scene of the inaugurations. The retiring] President and the incoming President ride together from White House to: Capitol. The oath of office having been taken by the Vice-President in the Senate Chamber, all repair to the Rotunda portico, and its grand-stand erected for the occasion. It is a brilliant and impressive assemblage — the< Chief-Justice and the Associates in their robes of office, the members of the Diplomatic Corps in resplendent uniforms ; the members of the Housei and Senate, officers of the Army and Navy, and other dignitaries of the land ; while on the esplanade in front are gathered tens of thousands of spectators. The President having read his inaugural address, the Chief- Justice administers the oath of office: — "I do solemnly swear that I willl THE ROGERS BRONZE DOOR OF THE ROTUNDA. 34 Washington, the Nation's Capital. faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States." The programme concludes with a review by the new President of the vast procession — of troops, marines, militia, political clubs and others — which marches from the Capitol down Pennsylvania avenue and past the reviewing stand in front of the White House. On the great esplanade of the east front is Greenough's colossal marble statue of Washington. The figure is seated in a Roman chair, the left hand clasping a sword, the other raised in invocation of heaven. Acces- sories are Columbus with globe and an Indian ; Phoebus-Apollo Driving the Chariot of the Sun — America rising among the Nations ; and Hercules Strangling the Serpent — America's victory over tyranny. (See "Statues.") View The top of the Dome is reached by a winding stairway which opens from from the corridor on the left as one passes out through the north door of Dome the Rotunda. The stairway affords an overlook of the Rotunda itself from the whispering gallery beneath the canopy, and a magnificent view from the balustrade beneath the lantern. The view from this point is such as amply to repay for the toilsome ascent; but the one from the first balustrade, lower down, gives practically the same outlook. Statuary The National Statuary Hall, semi-circular in shape and designed Hal1 by Latrobe, after a Greek theatre, is one of the most beautiful rooms of the Capitol. On the north side it has a colonnade of Potomac marble with white capitals, and a screen of similar columns on the south side supports a noble arch. The domed ceiling, decorated after that of the Roman Pan- theon, springs 57 -it. to a cupola, by which the room is lighted. Above the door leading from the Rotunda is Franzoni's historical clock. The design is of History, with recording tablet, borne in the winged car of Time, its wheel supported on a globe circled by the Zodiac. In the arch above the south door is Causici's figure of Liberty Proclaiming Peace, and beneath is an eagle (by Valperti) poised as about to fly. Ranged around the hall are statues and portrait busts, contributed by various States. This room was the Hall of Representatives, and was the forum of the debates by Webster and Clay, Adams, Calhoun and others whose names are indelibly associated with the history of Congress. A plate set in the marble floor southwest of the centre marks the spot where John Quincy Adams Adams fell, stricken with paralysis, during a session of the House. In the room of the Clerk of the House, opening off from the Hall, is a memorial bust, whose inscription runs : "John Quincy Adams, who, after fifty years of public service, the last sixteen in yonder Hall, was sum- moned thence to die in this room, 23 February, 1848." In 1864, at the suggestion of Senator Morrill, of Vermont (then a mem- ber of the House), the room was set apart as a National Statuary Hall, to which each State might send "the effigies of two of her chosen sons, in marble. or bronze, to be placed permanently here." The works are: Adam* Samued Adams, of Massachusetts, 1722-1803. Did perhaps more than any other one man to bring about the Revolution. On March 6, 1770, The Capitol. 35 FRANZONIS CLOCK. MARBLE ROOM. OLD HALL OF REPRESENTATIVES— NOW STATUARY HALL. 36 Washington, the Nation's Capital. Statuary the day after the Boston massacre, he was spokesman of a committee sent HaI1 to demand the withdrawal of the British troops, and the pedestal bears the ultimatum he then addressed to Governor Hutchinson: "Night is ap- proaching. An immediate answer is expected. Both regiments or none." The troops were withdrawn. (By Annie Whitney.) Allen Ethan Allen, of Vermont, 1739-17S9. The hero of Ticonderoga. On the night of May 10, 1775, he led his Green Mountain Boys to the sur- prise of the fortress, and demanded its surrender "in the name of Jehovah and the Continental Congress." (By L. C. Mead.) Allen William Allen, of Ohio, 1806-1879. Member of Congress; Senator; Governor. (By Niehaus.) Austin Stephen F. Austin, of Texas. (By Elizabet Ney.) Benton Thomas Hart Benton, of Missouri, 1782-1858. Senator. Blair F. p Blair, Missouri, 1821-1875. Member Congress ; General Civil War. Carroll Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, Maryland, 1737-1832. Signer of the Declaration ; Senator. Cass Lewis Cass, of Michigan, 1782-1866. General in War of 1812; Gov- ernor of Michigan Territory; Secretary of War under Van Buren; Minis- ter to France; Senator; Secretary of State under Buchanan. (By French.) Clinton George Clinton, of New York, 1739-1812. Member of Continental Congress; General in Revolution; first Governor of New York State; Vice-President, two terms, with Jefferson and Madison. (By H. K.Brown.) Collamer Jacob Collamer, of Vermont, 1792-1865. Member of Congress; Post- master-General under Taylor; Senator. (By P. Powers.) Curry J. L. M. Curry, of Alabama. Statesman, educator, patriot, orator. (By Dante Sodini.) Pulton Robert Fulton, of Pennsylvania, 1765-1815. First inventor to make practical application of steam power to navigation ; built first successful steamboat, the "Clermont," 1807. (By Howard Roberts.) Garfield James Abram Garfield, of Ohio, 1831-1S81. Major-General Army of the Cumberland; Member of Congress; elected to Senate; President. Greene Nathaniel Greene, of Rhode Island, 1742-1786. General in Revolution- ary War; commander of the Southern Army. (By Brown.) Hanson John Hanson, of Maryland. President Continental Congress. (Brooks.) Houston Sam Houston, of Texas (1793-1863). (By Elizabet Ney.) Ingalls John J. Ingalls, of Kansas. Senator. (By Niehaus.) Kenna John E. Kenna, of West Virginia. Senator. Kearney Philip Kearney, of New Jersey. 1815-1862. Officer in Mexican War; Major-General Volunteers Civil War; killed at Chantilly. (H. K. Brown.) King William King, of Maine. First Governor. (By Franklin Simmons.) Lee Robert E. Lee, of Virginia, 1807-1870. (E. V. Valentine.) See p. 141.* Livingston Robert R. Livingston, of New York, 1746-1813. Member of Continental Congress; one of the committee to draft the Declaration; first Chancellor of the State ; Minister to France ; completed the treaty for the Louisiana Purchase, and is here represened with the document. (By E. D. Palmer.) riorton O. P. Morton, of Indiana. (By Niehaus.) Marquette Per.e = Marquette. The statue, sent by Wisconsin, represents the mis- sionary explorer in the dress of a priest, and holding a chart of the Lac THE CAPITOL FRO] ii In -Jl OF CONGRESS. 40 Washington, the Nation's Capital. Statuary des Illinois. The inscription reads : "Wisconsin's Tribute. James Mar- Hall quette, S. J., who, with Louis Joliet, discovered the Mississippi River at Prairie du Chien, Wis., June 17, 1673." (By G. Trentanove.) John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg, of Pennsylvania, 1746-1807. Major- General in Revolution; Member Congress; Senator. (Blanche Nevin.) Francis H. Pierpont, of West Virginia. First Governor. (By Frank- lin Simmons.) Sherman Roger Sherman, of Connecticut, 1721-1793. Member committee to draft Declaration; one of the signers; Member Continental Congress, United States Congress and Senate. (By C. B. Ives.) Shields James Shields, of Illinois, 1810-1879. Mexican War; Senator from Illi- nois, 1849; from Minnesota, 1857; General in Civil War. (By L. W. Volk.) Stark John Stark, of New Hampshire, 1728-1822. New Hampshire's revo- lutionary hero; led a regiment at Bunker Hill; took part in many of the most important engagements of the war. It was at Bennington, where he commanded the New Hampshire militia, that he made the historic speech : "See there, men; there are the red-coats. Before night they are ours, or Molly Stark will be a widow." For his gallantry on that occasion he was made a Brigadier-General. His portrait is in Trumbull's Surrender of Burgoyne, which hangs in the Rotunda. (By Conrad.) Stockton Richard Stockton, of New Jersey, 1730-1781. Member of Continental Congress; signer of the Declaration; imprisoned by the British, and sub- jected to hardships which eventually caused his death. (By H. K. Brown.) Trumbull Jonathan Trumbull, of Connecticut, 1710-1785. Governor of Colony of Connecticut, and first Governor of the State; influential leader in the Revolution, and fertile in resources; a close friend of Washington, who "relied on him as one of his main pillars of support," and because of his skill in providing the sinews of war gave him the name of "Brother Jonathan," used ever since as the nickname of the United States. John Trumbull, artist of the Rotunda paintings, was his son. (By C. V. Ives.) ashlngton George Washington, of Virginia, 1732-1799. This is a plaster cast. The original, of white marble, is in the Capitol at Richmond. It was ordered by the Virginia Assembly, and the eminent French sculptor Houdon was intrusted with the commission through Jefferson, then Min- ister to France. In 1785 Houdon accompanied Franklin to America, and visited Mount Vernon to prepare the model. It is life size; the dress is the military costume of the Revolution. Lafayette pronounced this the best representation of Washington ever made. (By Jean Antoine Houdon.) The inscription was written by James Madison, afterward President: — "The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia have caused this statue to be erected as a monument of affection and gratitude to George Washington, who, uniting to the endowments of a hero the virtues of the patriot, and exerting both in establishing the liberties of his country, has rendered his name dear to his fellow- citizens, and given the world an immortal example of true glory. Done in the year of Christ one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight, and in the year of the Com- monwealth the twelfth." Webster Daniel Webster, of New Hampshire, 1782-1852. Statesman, orator, the Great Expounder of the Constitution. This Hall of Representatives ha.s rung with his eloquence. (By Conrad.) 42 Washington, the Nation's Capital Willard FRANCES ELIZABETH WILLARD. The first woman to be given a place in Statuary Hall. Roger Williams, of Rhode Island, 1599-1683. Founder of the Colony ; apostle of religious liberty. (By Franklin Simmons.) John Winthrop, of Massachu- setts, 1588-1649. First Governor of the Colony, 1629, under the new charter. (By R. S. Green- ough.) Frances Elizabeth Willard, of Illinois. Founder of the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union; and its President 1881- 1898. President of the National Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1879-1898. For many years Dean of the Woman's Col- lege of the Northwestern Uni- versity, Evanston, Illinois. Lec- turer and author. (By Helen Farnsworth Mear.) On the pedes- tal is inscribed Miss Willard's eloquent plea : "Ah! it is women who have given the costliest hostages to fortune, when to the battle of life they have sent their best beloved with fearful odds against them. Oh, by the dangers they have dared, by the hours of patient watching over beds where helpless children lay, by the incense of ten thousand prayers wafted from their gentle lips to heaven— I charge you give them power to protect, along life's treach- erous highway, those whom they have so loved." Acoustics The Hall has some extraordinary acoustic properties, by which whispers become shouts. The variegated marble of the columns contains some astonishing natural pictures, perfect forms of birds and animals, and human faces. The Hall of Representatives is a legislative chamber unsurpassed in the world. The dimensions are: length, I3g-ft. ; width, 93-ft. ; height, 30-ft. It is lighted by a ceiling of glass panels, set in a framework of iron. In the ceiling are painted the arms of the States. The Speaker's desk, of white marble, occupies an elevated position in the centre of the south side, and the desks of the Representatives are ar- ranged in concentric semi-circles, with radiating aisles. A silver plate on each mahogany desk (in House and Senate) has engraved on it the occu- pant's name. In front of the Speaker's desk are the desks and tables of the clerks and official reporters ; on his right is the Sergeant-at-Arms ; on his left, the Assistant Doorkeeper. The Speaker's Mace is set on its pedestal of Vermont marble at the right of the desk. The Mace is a bundle of ebony rods, bound together with ligaments of silver, and having on top a silver globe surmounted by a silver eagle. It resembles the fasces borne by the lictors before the Roman magistrates, and is the symbol of the Speaker's authority. The Mace is always placed on its pedestal when the House is in session, and is laid on the floor when the House is in Committee of the Whole. The Sergeant-at-Arms bears The House Mace HALL OF REPRESENTATIVES. WASHINGTON DECLINING OVERTURES FROM CORNWALLIS AT YORKTOWN. 44 Washington, the Nation's Capital. the symbol before him when executing the Speaker's commands to enforce order, or to conduct a member to the bar of the House. On either side of the Speaker's desk are full-length portraits of Wash- Paint- s ington (by Stuart, copied by Vanderlin) and Lafayette (by Ary Scheffer), presented to Congress by Lafayette on his last visit to this country. A fresco by Brumidi pictures the incident at Yorktown when Washington declined overtures from Cornwallis for a two days' cessation of hostilities. Clock Over the main entrance is the famous clock whose hands are turned back on the last day of the session, that the hour of adjournment may not be marked by it before the business of the House is finished. The clock is of bronze, with figures of Pioneer and Indian, and American eagle. Opening off from the Hall back of the Speaker's desk are the House Lobby Lobby and the Members' Retiring Rooms. There are landscapes by Albert Bierstadt picturing The Discovery of the Hudson by Hendrik Hudson in 1609, and the Expedition under Vizcaino Landing at Monterey in 1601. The walls are hung with portraits of former Speakers. Under the gal- leries are the cloak rooms. The galleries are reached from the east and west corridors by magnificent stairways of Tennessee marble. East Facing the East Stairway is Hiram Powers' marble statue of Thomas stairway Jefferson. Above the first landing hangs Frank B. Carpenter's picture of the First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation before the Cabinet, incipation . clamation Sept. 22, 1862. The portraits, beginning at the left, are : Edwin M. Stan- ton, Secretary of War; Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of the Treasury; Abra- ham Lincoln, President; Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy; William H. Seward (seated), Secretary of State; Caleb B. Smith, Secretary of the Interior ; Montgomery Blair, Postmaster-General ; Edward Bates, Attor- ney-General. The picture was presented to the United States by Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Thompson in 1878. Alex. H. Stephens, ex-Vice-President of the Confederacy, then a Member of the House, was one of the orators of its reception. In the corridor above are portraits of Gunning Bedford (of the Continental Congress), Charles Carroll (a signer of the Declara- tion of Independence) and Henry Clay (by Neagle). West At the foot of the West Stairway is a bronze bust (by Vincenti) of Stairway the Chippewa Chief, Be-She-Ke. On the wall of the landing (best seen from the upper corridor) is Emanuel Leutze's spirited painting, West- ward Ho ! It has for its legend Bishop Berkeley's line : Westward the star of empire takes its way, Westward an( ^ finds its inspiration in a phase of Western settlement. The scene is Ho! laid in the Rocky Mountains, amid whose defiles and passes an immigrant train is pushing forward to a fair country beyond. The picture is full of life and action. Below is Bierstadt Golden Gate, harbor of San Fran- cisco ; and in the borders are portraits of Daniel Boone, the pioneer of the Southwest, and Capt. Wm. Clark, of the Lewis and Clark Expedition to the Columbia, 1803-6. In the upper corridor hangs a portrait of Chief Justice Marshall (by Brooke). Some of the committee rooms opening off' from the House corridors merit attention for their adornment The Ways and Means Room and the SUPREME COURT ROOM. leutze's westward ho! 46 Washington, the Nation's Capital. Appropriations Rooms are handsomely frescoed. The Military Affairs Room contains a series of paintings of the forts of the United States. In the basement the scheme of decoration in the Territories Room is of West- ern Indian and wild life, and the Indian Affairs Room has a collection of paintings by Col. Eastman of scenes among the Sioux. In the Agricul- tural Room, elaborately decorated by Brumidi, are pictured Cincinnatus called from his plow to the Dictatorship of Rome, and Putnam summoned to his part in the Revolution. Ancient and modern harvest scenes — Flora (Spring), Ceres (Summer), Bacchus (Autumn), and Boreas (Winter) — portraits of Washington and Jefferson, who were both farmers, and other details make this one of the most richly adorned rooms of the building. The Supreme Court Room, designed by Latrobe after Greek models, is a semi-circular hall, with a low-domed ceiling having square caissons of stucco work. The room is decorated with a screen of Ionic columns of Potomac marble, the white capitals modeled after those of the Temple of Minerva. The columns form a loggia and support a gallery. In front of them is the Bench of the Supreme Court. The chair of the Chief Justice is in the centre, with those of the eight Associates on either side. Outside of the space reserved for Counsel are seats for spectators. Ranged about the walls is a series of busts of former Chief-Justices : John Jay of New York, 1789-1795; John Rutledge of South Carolina, 1795-1795; Oliver Ellsworth of Connecticut, 1796-1800; John Marshall of Virginia, 1801-1835; Roger B. Taney of Maryland, 1836-1864; Salmon P. Chase of Ohio, 1864-1873; Morrison R. Waite of Ohio, 1874-1888. The Supreme Court Room was until 1859 the Senate Chamber. DIAGRAM OF THE SUPREME COURT. n» 6 42 i 3 5 7 9 j~~ 1 I 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 QJ 14 1. Chief Justice Fuller. 2. Mr. Justice Harlan. 3. Mr. Justice Brewer. 4. Mr. Justice Brown. 5. Mr. Justice White. 6. Mr. Justice Peckham. 7. Mr. Justice McKenna. 8. Mr. Justice Holmes. 9. Mr. Justice Day. 10. The Clerk's Desk. 11. The Marshal's Desk. 12. The Reporter's Desk. 13. The Attorney-General's Desk. 14. Counsel's Desk. Senate The Senate Chamber is a spacious hall, 113-ft. in length, 82-ft. wide, Chamber and lighted by a ceiling 36-ft. above the floor. The seats of the Senators are arranged in concentric rows, with the aisles radiating from the dais of the President's desk on the north side. On the right of the President's chair is that of the Sergeant-at-Arms, on the left that of the Assistant Doorkeeper, and in front are the desks of the clerks and official reporters. The room is surrounded by galleries, whence one may watch the proceed- ings. The walls are richly decorated in gold arabesques on delicate tints, The Capitol. 47 SENATE CHAMBER. with buff panels; and the glass of the ceiling is filled with symbolism of Senate War, Peace, Union, Progress, the Arts, Sciences and Industries. In wall niches around the galleries are marble busts of the Vice-Presidents (Presidents of the Senate), and the series is continued in the various halls. In the main corridor are portraits by Stuart of Washington and John Adams ; Patrick Henry by Matthews, Thomas Jefferson by Darby, Daniel Webster and Henry Clay by Darby, John C. Calhoun and Charles Sumner by Ingalls. The mahogany hall clock has been in the Capitol since 1803. Its seventeen stars were for the seventeen States then con- stituting the Union, the last star being for Ohio, admitted in 1802. The rooms connected with the Chamber are notable for richness of material of construction and adornment. They are the President's Room, Vice-President's Room, Senators' Reception Room, Public Reception Room, and Room of the Committee on the District of Columbia. The Room of the President of the United States is set apart for the use p res ident of the President on his visits to the Capitol, and is one to which he comes Room in the closing hours of the session to sign the last bills before adjourn- ment. It is decorated (by Brumidi) with portraits of President Washing- ton and his first cabinet — Jefferson, Hamilton, Knox, Randolph and Os- good ; with allegories of Liberty, Religion, Legislation and Executive Au- thority; and portraits of Columbus with emblems of Discovery, Americus 4 8 Washington, the Nation's Capital. Vespucius (Exploration), William Brewster (Religion), and Benjamin Franklin (History). Note the way in which the figure of Religion turns toward one from whatever part of the room it is seen. riarble The Senators' Reception Room, known as the Marble Room, because Room constructed wholly of that material, has stately Corinthian columns of Italian marble, paneled walls of Tennessee marble, and ceiling of marble from Vermont. It has a bust of Lincoln by Albert Degrout. The Room of the Vice-President of the United States (who is the President of the Senate) contains Rembrandt Peak's portrait of Wash- ington ; a marble bust of Vice-President Henry S. Wilson, whose tragic death occurred in this room, Nov. 22, 1875, and a portrait of Lafayette S. Foster, acting Vice-President in Andrew Johnson's term. The Public Reception Room is a richly furnished apartment, decorated in oils and frescoes by Brumidi. On the south wall is a painting of Presi- dent Washington in consultation with Thomas Jefferson, his Secretary of State, and Alexander Hamilton, his Secretary of the Treasury. The vaulted ceiling is all aglow with the brilliant colors of the allegories of War, Peace, Liberty, Plenty, Power, Temperance, Prudence and Justice. The Room of the Committee on the District of Columbia, originally designed for the Senate Library, has in the vaulted ceiling Brumidi fres- coes of History, Geography, Science and the Telegraph. The columns of the Senate vestibule have Latrobe's tobacco-leaf capi- tals. Latrobe's (sometimes called Jefferson's) cornstalk columns, with capitals of corn in the husk, are at the foot of the East Stairway (near the Supreme Court Room) leading to the basement. They have in- geniously been termed the "American order" of architecture. From the Senate vestibule the east door opens upon the portico. This is the Crawford Bronze Door designed by the American sculptor Thomas Crawford, and cast at Chicopee, Mass. See illustration, page 51. In the niches of the corridor are busts of Vice-Presidents Tyler, John- son and Wheeler. HALSALL S MONITOR AND MERRIMAC. , . WBBHB 50 Washington, the Nation's Capital. East From the east and west corridors stairways lead to the Senate Galleries. Corridor The East Stairway, of Tennessee marble, is lighted by a richly stained sky- 'aintings jjght over the landing. At the foot of the stairs is Hiram Powers' statue of Benjamin Franklin (note the inimitable shrewdness of the expression), and on the wall of the landing hangs W. H. Powell's spirited painting of the Battle of Lake Erie, Sept. 13, 1813. It pictures the gallant exploit of Commodore Perry, transferring his colors from the disabled flagship Law- rence to the Niagara, in the face of a terrific cannonading. It was after the victory won here that Perry dispatched the famous message, "We have met the enemy and they are ours." In the corridor and halls are paintings: Heaton's Columbus Leaving La Rabida, Thomas Moran's Canyons of the Yellowstone and the Colo- rado, Halsall's First Fight of the Iron-Clads (Monitor and Merrimac, Hampton Roads, Va., March 9, 1862), and Mrs. C. A. Fassett's Florida Case before the Electoral Commission (in the Senate Chamber, Feb. 5, 1877). The last contains a number of portraits of the public men of the Hayes-Tilden period; a key to the picture hangs near the window. The Electoral Commission was a special commission created by Congress in January, 1877, to decide the disputed electoral returns of the Presidential election of 1876. It was composed of five Senators, five Representatives and five Justices of the Supreme Court. The cases submitted to it were those of Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina and Oregon. From each of these States double or multiple sets of returns had been received; and the election depended upon which should be accepted and counted. By a party vote of 8 to 7 the Commission decided every case for Hayes. There is here also a series of four old paintings by John B. White : Gen. Marion inviting a British officer to a dinner of potatoes; Mrs. Motte preparing to fire her house ; Sergeants Jasper and Newton ; Battle of Fort Moultrie, June 28, 1776. There are portraits in mosaic of Abraham Lincoln and James A. Garfield, and one in oil of Gen. John A. Dix, with the flag as an accessory (by Morrell). The Stars and Stripes of the Dix portrait are put here in commemoration of the historic dispatch sent by him as Secretary of the Treasury to Wm. Hemphill Jones, in New Orleans, Jan. 29, 1861 : "If any one attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot." A painting of Niagara in Winter by Regis Gignoux was presented by Mrs. Carroll in memory of Charles Carroll. There are busts of Lincoln, Sumner, Crawford, Tyler, Garibaldi, Pulaski and Kosciuszko. (Note. — The locations of objects are subject to change.) West At the base of the white marble West Stairway is Story's marble statue stairway of John Hancock, whose name is first in the list of signatures of the Declaration. The pedestal is inscribed : "He wrote his name where all nations should behold it and all time should not efface it." On the land- ing is James Walker's Storming of Chapultepec, one of the defences of the City of Mexico, by the American Army tinder Gen. Scott, Sept. 13, 1847. In the upper corridor is Charles Wilson Peak's Washington. Peale was an officer in the patriot army, and while in camp employed his leisure hours in painting. He began the picture of Washington at Valley Forge, obtained the final sitting from the commander-in-chief a day or two after the battle of Monmouth, » THE CRAWFORD DOOR — SENATE PORTICO. The panels commemorate the Death of Warren at Bunker Hill, ,1775; Washing- ton's Rebuke of Gen Charles Lee at Monmouth, 1778; Hamilton s Gallantry at Yorktown, 1781; Washington's Reception at Trenton when on the way to M Inauguraton as First President, 1789; Washington's First Inauguration, 1789, faying tn" 'Corner Stone of the Capitol, Sept. 18 1793 The panels below contam allegories of War (struggle between a Hessian and a settler), and reace. 52 Washington, the Nation's Capital. Peale's an( * fished the picture at Princeton. Nassau Hall at Princeton is shown in the Washington background, with a body of British prisoners. The sword worn by Washington is the one now preserved in the library of the State Department. The portrait in Vice- President's Room by Rembrandt Peale (son of Charles Wilson Peale) was painted from sittings given by Washington in 1795. Lossing records that it "was pronounced by the relatives and intimate friends of Washington the best likeness of Washington that was ever painted." Bronze Elaborate bronze stairways (designed by Crawford) lead to the Senate Stairways basement, whose corridor walls and ceilings are filled with frescoes, and some of whose committee rooms are deserving of attention. When Con- gress is in session the bronze stairways are reserved for the use of the Senators only; visitors should take the stairs leading from the east and west corridors. Senate Among the basement decorations are arabesques, allegorical figures, Committee birds and game, tracery of vine and foliage, the Indian, and portraits of ooms distinguished actors and notable scenes in American history. America is pictured now as panoplied for war, and again as reading from the Con- stitution. The Room of the Committee on Indian Affairs (intended for the Committee on Agriculture) has above the door a painting of Columbus and an Indian maiden, and on its walls and ceilings are some exquisite vine and fruit pieces. In the room of Military Affairs five frescoes (by Brumidi) depict the Boston Massacre, the Battle of Lexington, the Death of Wooster, Washington at Valley Forge, and the Storming of Stony Point. Above the doors of the Foreign Relations Room is a fresco copy of West's painting of the Signing of Preliminary Articles of Peace between the United States and Great Britain, at Paris, Nov. 13, 1782; and within are portraits of Clay, Allen, Cameron and Sumner, in their times chairmen of the committee. The negotiations between the United States and France which led to the Louisiana Purchase (April 30, 1803), give the theme for OFFICE BUILDING OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Under construction southeast of the Capitol. An office building for the use of members of the House of Representatives is under construction, to occupy the block on B street, between New Jersey Avenue and First street, southeast of the Capitol. A similar building, for the use of the Senate, is erecting northeast of the Capitol, covering the entire block bounded by First, B, Second and C streets. The buildings are of white marble and are precisely alike as to exterior. The House building will contain 410 rooms; that of the Senate 99. The buildings will be connected with the Capitol by subways. The appropriation for each building was $2,500,000. The Capitol. 53 the exterior decoration of the Territories Room. Other portraits are of Fulton, over the door of the Patents Room ; Franklin, over that of the Post-Ofhces and Post-Roads Room; Fitch (steamboat inventor), over the Senate Post-Office, and Las Casas (Apostle to the American Indians). A Senate office building is under construction northwest of the Capitol. Underneath the Rotunda is a chamber formed by a colonnade of Doric columns with groined ceiling. A star in the floor designates the centre of the Capitol. A crypt below was designed to be the tomb of Washington, but it was never used for this purpose. The corner-stone of the original Capitol is to the right of the Rotunda portico ; it may be reached by descending the 'flight of steps on the right after leaving the Rotunda by the north door. It is marked with a beau- tiful bronze memorial tablet, set in place in 1895. In 1904 certain descendants of the French officers who fought in the American Revolution presented to this country a bronze bust of Washing- ton, by David d' Angers, to replace one which was destroyed by fire in the Capitol in 185 1. Senate Committee Rooms Crypt Corner Stone D'Angers Bust THE PRESIDENT S ROOM. BRONZE DOORS — HOUSE PORTICO. See page 20. Melpomene, Muse of Tragedy. THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS And its Mural Decorations. *** The eighty-six key pictures of paintings and architecture are miniatures from the volume of eproductions entitled "Book of the Paintings of the Library of Congress," published by Foster & Reynolds, who publish also The Library Paintings.reproduced in the original colors. THE Library grounds adjoin those of the Capitol. The building faces west upon First street, and the outer walls have a frontage upon four streets (First, East Capitol, Second and B streets). The grounds and the seventy residences upon them cost $585,000. The foundations were laid in 1888, and the building was begun in 1889, and was completed 1897. The net cost, exclusive of site, was $6,032,124.54. The original architectural plans were prepared by the firm of Smithmeyer & Pelz. These were modified by those of Edward Pearce Casey. The building is of the Italian Renaissance order of architecture; it has three stories, with a dome; and is in area 470X340- ft., covering nearly 2V2 acres of ground, with four large inner courts, 150 by 75 to 100-ft, and nearly 2,000 windows render it the best lighted library in the world. '4 The plan and arrangement are shown in our diagram. The building con- sists of a great central rotunda, which is the reading-room ; from which radi- ate book-stacks, and which is inclosed in a parallelogram of galleries and pavilions. The building material employed is for the exterior walls white granite from New Hampshire, and for the inner courts Maryland granite and white enameled bricks. 1 There are three stories. On the ground floor are the copyright office, [reading room for the blind, and superintendent's office. The first floor con- i tains the reading room (where the books are consulted), the librarian's room, periodical reading room, Senate and Representatives' reading room, and map room. The pavilions and galleries of the second floor are devoted to 56 The Library of Congress. exhibits of engravings and other collections, including rare books, first edi- tions, portraits of the Presidents and other personages. Exterior Decorations.. — The Dome is finished in black copper, with panels gilded with a thick coating of gold leaf. The cresting of the Dome above the lantern, 195-ft. from the ground, terminates in a gilded finial, representing the torch of Science, ever burning. The thirty-three windows of the corner pavilion and of the west faqade have carved heads representing the several races of men. The types are : Russian Slav, Blonde Euron«_an, Brunette European, Modern Greek, Persian, Circassian, Hindoo, Hungarian, Jew, Arab, Turk, Modern Egyptian, Abyssin- ian, Malay, Polynesian. Australian, Negrito, Zulu, Papuan, Soudan Negro, Akka, Fuegian, Botocudo, Pueblo Indian, Esquimau, Plains Indian, Samo- yede, Corean, Japanese, Aino. Burmese, Thibetan, Chinese. The Bronze Fountain, by riinton Perry, represents the Court of Neptune, with conch-blowing tritons. sea nymphs, sea horses, serpents, frogs and turtles. The Entrance Pavilion has sixteen rounded pillars with Corinthian capitals. Four colossal Atlantes support the pediment, on which are sculptured Ameri- can eagles, with supporting figures of children. In the windows are nine colossal portrait-busts in granite': Emerson and Irving, by Hartley; Goethe, Franklin and Macaulay, by Ruckstuhl ; Hawthorne, by Hartley; Scott, by Adams ; Demosthenes and Dante, by Adams. The sculptures over the en- trances by Bela L. Pratt typify Literature, Science and Art The Bronze Doors. Bronze Door — Printing. — By Frederick Macmonnies. — Minerva presiding over the "Diffusion of the Products of the Typographical Art." Two winged figures of youthful genii are, as her envoys, conveying to mankind the bless- ings of learning and literature. By Minerva's side is her owl ; other sugges- tions are the hour-glass, the old-fashioned printing press, the stork (as the bird of home), and a Pegasus. The legend: "Homage to Gutenberg." (Gu- tenberg was the inventor of printing, Germany, 1400-1468.) In the panels idealizations are of Intellect and Humanities. Bronze Fountain — Court of Neptune. H. 58 The Library of Congress. Bronze Door — Tradition. Bronze Door — Writing. — By Olin L. Warner. — A mother is. instructing her children from the written record of the scroll. On one side is an Egyptian scribe with his stylus, and a Jewish patriarch; on the other, a Greek with a lyre and a Christian with the cross. In the panels are Truth with mirror and serpent and Research with torch. Bronze Door — Tradition. — By Olin L. Warner. — Tradition is typified as a woman reciting her story to a boy. Listening to the tale are four representative types of mankind — a Norse war- rior, with winged cap and battle-axe ; a shep- herd with his crook ; a primitive man with his stone axe, and an American Indian with his arrows. The Indian figure is a portrait of Chiel Joseph of the Nez Perces. In, the left panel is Imagination with the lyre, emblematic of recitation and song; in the right stands widowed Memory clasping the sword and helmet of her dead. The genii below support the wings of Imagination and the memorial urn. Entrance Pavilion — Vestibule. The Minerva of Defensive War and the Minerva of Wisdom and the Liberal Arts, sculptural figures, by Herbert Adams, are repeated in eight pairs. The white marble of the vestibule is from Italy. The gold of the ceiling is like that of the dome, 22-carats fine. Entrance Pavilion — Grand Stair Hall. The Central Stair Hall is a magnificent apartment, unsurpassed by any other entrance hall in the world. It is lined throughout with fine Italian marble, highly polished. On the sides rise lofty rounded columns, with ela- borate carved capitals of Corinthian design ; while the arches are adorned with marble rosettes, palm leaves and foliated designs of exquisite finish and delicacy. The great height of this entrance hall, rising 72-ft. to the skylight, PLAN OF THE FIRST FLOOR AND DECORATIONS. THE XORTH STAIRWAY IN THE CENTRAL STAIR HALL. 6o The Library of Congress. with its vaulted ceiling, and the grand douhle staircase, with its white marble balustrades leading up on either side, exhibit an architectural effect which may fitly be termed imposing. The newel posts of the stairway are enriched by beautiful festoons of leaves and flowers, and are surmounted by two bronze lamp-bearers for electric lights. The staircases are ornamented with twenty- six miniature marble figures by Martiny, carved in relief, representing in em- blematic sculpture the various arts and sciences. This beautiful and spacious entrance hall has been described as "a vision in polished stone," and, taken in connection with the grand corridors and the rich'./ decorated Reading Room, the Library may be pronounced the finest marble interior in America. Commemorative Arch. — The spandrel figures by Warner are of Students, one a boy, the other an old man, for books are alike for the instruction of youth and solace of age. The panel, with fasces and eagle on either side, records : Erected under the acts of Congress of April 15, 1886; October 2, 1888, and March 2, 1889, by Brig.-Gen. Thos. Lincoln Casey, Chief of Engineers, U. S. A. Bernard R. Green, Supt. and I ngi- neer. John L. Smithmeyer, Architect. Paul J. Pelz, Architect. Edward Pearce Casey, Architect. Martiny Staircases. — In the south stairway railing the sculptures arc : Me- chanic with cog-wheel, Hunter with rabbit, Vintager with grapes and wine glass, Farmer with sickle and sheaf of wheat, Fisherman with rod and fish, Soldier with helmet, Chemist with blowpipe, and Cook with steaming pot. The buttress figures are of America and Africa, supporting a globe showing these continents. On the balustrade above are Comedy, Tragedy and Poetry. The figures of the north stairway are : Gardener with rake and spade, En- tomologist with net and specimen case, Student with mortar-board cap and book, Printer in paper cap with press and type, Musician with lyre and music book, Physician with mortar, retort and serpent, Electrician with telephone and electric light, Astronomer with telescope, globe and compasses. On the buttress are Europe (with lyre, book and column) and Asia (with dragon vase). The balustrade figures are Painting, Architecture and Sculpture. In the cove of the ceiling are Martiny's flying half-figures supporting the device of lamp and book. Tablets bear the names of Moses, Herodotus, Dante, Homer, Milton, Bacon, Aristotle, Goethe, Shakespeare, Moliere; Cervantes, Hugo, Scott, Cooper, Longfellow, Tennyson, Gibbon, Bancroft. The Points of the Compass radiate from a conventional sun inlaid in brass in the floor, surrounded by the Signs of the Zodiac. The Building faces west. Europe and Asia. .\ THE EOTUNDA — READING ROOM. 62 The Library of Congress. Entrance Pavilion — South Hall. Poetry. — By II. O. Walker. In Lyric Poetry, the central figure is an ideali- zation of the Muse, laurel-crowned and striking the lyre. She is attended by Passion with arm upraised responding to the strains, Beauty, and Mirth, Pathos with eyes raised to heaven, Truth, and Devotion with bowed head. Poets' Boys. — Six paintings present ideals of youthful subjects of the poets: Uriel. Boy of YVinander. Emerson— Uriel. This was the lapse of Uriel, Which in Paradise befell, Once among the Pleiads walking, Said overheard the young gods talking One, with low tones that decide, And doubt and reverend use defied, With a look that solved the sphere, And stirred the devils everywhere, Gave his sentiment divine Against the being of a line: "Line in nature is not found, Unit and Universe are round; In vain produced, all rays return, Evil will bless and ice will burn." As Uriel spoke with piercing eye, A shudder ran around the sky; The stern old war-gods shook their heads, The seraphs frowned from myrtle-beds. Boy; Wordsworth — The Boy of Winander. ye knew him well, ye There was cliffs And islands of Winander! — many a time, At evening, when the earliest stars began To move along the edges of the hills, Rising or setting, would he stand alone. Beneath the trees, or by the glimmering lake ; And there, with fingers interwoven, both hands Pressed closely palm to palm and to his mouth Uplifted, he, as through an instrument, Blew mimic hootings to the silent owls, That they might answer him. — And they would shout Across the watery vale, and shout again, Responsive to his call, with quivering peals, And long halloos, and screams, and echoes loud Redoubled and redoubled; concourse wild Of jocund din! And, when there came a pause Of silence such as baffled his best skill: Then, sometimes, in that silence, while he hung Listening, a gentle shock of mild surprise Plas carried far into his heart the voice Of mountain torrents; or the visible scene Would enter unawares into his mind With all its solemn imagery, its rocks, Its woods, and that uncertain heaven re- ceived Into the bosom of the steady lake. Hall of the Poets. 63 This boy was taken from his mates, and died In childhood, ere he was full twelve years old. Pre-eminent in beauty is the vale Where he was born and bred: the church- yard hangs Upon a slope above the village school; And, through that churchyard when my way has led On summer evenings, I believe, that there A long half-hour together I have stood Mute— looking at the grave in which he lies! Comus. Adonis. Milton— Comus. Comus, the enchanter, in the wood at night, listens to the song of The Lady, and at its conclusion exclaims: Can any mortal mixture of earth's mould Breathe such divine, enchanting ravishment? Shakespeare— Adonis. Adonis, the young hunter loved by Venus, unmindful of the entreaties of the goddess, left her side to hunt the wild boar, by which he was slain. Venus discovers him. She looks upon his lips, and they are pale; She takes him by the hand, and that is cold; She whispers in his ears a heavy tale, As if they heard the woeful words she told; She lifts the coffer-lids that close his eyes, Where, lo, two lamps, burnt out, in darkness lies. "Wonder of Time," quoth she, "this is my spite That, thou being dead, the day should yet be light!" Endymion. Ganymede. Keats — Endymion. The story runs that from her silver chariot of the moon, Diana beheld the shepherd boy Endymion asleep upon Mount Latmos; and enamored of his beauty, descended to press a kiss upon his lips. Night after night in her course across the heavens, the god- dess paused to caress the youth; and Endymion, each time but partially awakened, was conscious of her presence only as the sweet vision of a dream. Tennyson— Ganymede. When Jupiter came down to earth, to seek a successor to Hebe as Cupbearer to the Gods, he took the form of an eagle, and flying over Mount Ida, saw the Trojan Prince Ganymede, whom he carried off to Olympus. Tennyson in his "Palace of Art" de- scribes, as among the pictures decorating its walls, one of Ganymede borne aloft by the eagle — Or else flushed Ganymede, his rosy thigh Half-buried in the Eagle's down, Sole as a flying star shot thro' the sky ' Above the pillar'd town. 64 The Library of Congress. Joy and Memory. Toy and Memory are idealized in the painting above the arch in the west wall. Joy is attended by a boy with a lamb; Memory sits by a sculp- tured marble. The composition sym- bolizes the dual office of poetry as giving expression to the joyousness of life and as commemorating the men and the deeds of the past. The inscription is from Wordsworth : The Poets, who on earth have made us heirs Of truth and pure delight by heavenly lays. In the mosaic ceiling are names of poets : Theocritus, Pindar, Anacreon, Sappho, Catullus, Horace, Petrarch, Ronsard, Longfellow, Lowell, Whittier, Bryant, Whitman, Poe, Browning, Shelley, Byron, Musset, Hugo, Heine. South Curtain Corridor. Greek Heroes. — By Walter McEwen. The paintings have for their themes incidents in the Greek myths of Paris, Jason, Bellerophon, Orpheus, Per- seus, Prometheus, Theseus, Achilles and Hercules. Paris. — When Juno, Minerva and Venus contended as to which was the fairest, they left the decision to Paris, a shepherd boy on Mount Ida. To influence him, Juno promised him power, Minerva martial glory, and Venus the most beautiful woman in the world. He decided in favor of Venus, and she gave him Helen, wife of Menelaus, King of Sparta. Paris accordingly repaired to the court of Menelaus. and Helen eloped with him to Troy. The Greeks, making the cause of Menelaus their own, besieged Troy to recover Helen, and the Trojan War followed. Theseus sailed with a company of Athenian youths and maidens who were sent as a tribute to King Minos of Crete to be given over to the Minotaur, a monster half-bull and half human, which fed on human flesh. Ariadne, Paris at the Court of Menelaus and Helen. The Greek Heroes. 63 Prometheus Theseus. the daughter of Minos, fell in love with Theseus, and gave him (he clue of the labyrinth, by which he was enabled to reach and shy the Minotaur. Ariadne set sail with the h to for Athens ; but on the way, at the isle of Naxos, Minerva, in a dream, directed Theseus to desert her, and in obedience to the command he sailed away and left Ariadne sleeping. Prometheus having stolen fire from heaven, Jupiter created the first woman, Pandora, for the punishment of mankind, and sent her to Prometheus. He refused her, and vainly cautioned his brother Epimetheus not to accept her. rat= Achilles. Hercules. Pandora holds the fateful box, from which were to be let fly into the world all human ills, only Hope remaining to bless mankind. Hercules having killed a man was condemned to serve Omphale, the Queen of Lydia, as a slave. Appareled in feminine dress, the hero was put to spin- ning and other woman's tasks. Achilles \\ s disguised by his mother as a school girl and sent to a distant court in order that he might not be enlisted in the Trojan War. The wily Ulysses set out to find him, and assuming the character of a peddler displayed his wares. The girls chose feminine trinkets, but Achilles was attracted to a man's shield and casque, and thus revealed himself. Bellerophon, 66 The Library of Congress. Jason. Orpheus. Bellerophon, commissioned to slay the Chimsera, a monster with lion's head, goat's body and dragon's tail, receives from Minerva the golden bridle of the winged horse Pegasus, by whose aid he is to accomplish the task. Perseus was sent by King Polydectes to slay the Gorgon, Medusa, a crea- ture of aspect so terrible that whoever looked upon her face was turned to stone. By the aid of Minerva Perseus beheaded the Gorgon, and returned to the court of Polydectes, as that monarch was celebrating with a banquet a forced marriage with Danae, the mother of Perseus. The hero came just in time to rescue his mother by confronting the King and his company with the Gorgon's head and so turning them into stone. Jason was the leader of the expedition of the Argonauts, who went in quest of the Golden Fleece. This was the fleece of a ram, which was preserved by the King of Colchis, and guarded by a dragon. By the aid of the sorceress Medea, Jason was successful and brought the Fleece back to Athens. Orpheus, having failed to bring back his wife Eurydice from the realms of Pluto, retired to Mount Athos. Here his solitude was invaded by the Thracian women celebrating their Bacchic rites ; and when he repelled their advances, in their fury they stoned him to death. Representatives' Reading Room. Mosaic Mantels. — By Frederick Dielman. The mantels of Italian marble are the richest and most beautiful adornments of the building. The mosaic panels (exceeding 7 feet by 3 feet in size) have for subjects Law and History. Law, a woman of radiant countenance and wearing the aegis, is enthroned upon a dais. At her feet are doves of peace, the bound volume of the sta- tutes, and the scales of justice. She holds a palm branch toward Truth with her lilies, Peace with twig of olive, and Industry with artisan's cap and ham- mer; and interposes a sword against skulking Fraud, Discord with malign serpents, and Violence with sword and torch. History. — In the center stands the Muse of History with recording pen and gold-clasped volume. In the panels are names of great historians : Herod- otus, Thucydides, Polybius, Livy, Tacitus, Bseda, Comines, Plume, Gibbon, Niebuhr, Guizot, Ranke, Bancroft, Motley. On the left side sits Mythology with recording stylus and globe symbolic of the myths of the worlds. Beside her are a winged Sphinx and Pandora's box. On the right is the venerable figure of Tradition, and by her with a lyre sits a youthful poet, who will sing the story that she tells. In the distance back of Mythology, rise the Pyramids Representatives' Reading Room. 67 ... Mosaic Mantel— Law. of Egypt, back of History the Parthenon of Greece, and beyond Tradition the Colosseum of Rome. The oak tympanums over the doors are by C. H. Niehaus with mo- tives of Minerva's owl and the American eagle. Pictorial Spectium of Light. — Carl Gutherz has painted in ceiling panels idealizations of the seven primary colors : Indigo, the Light of Science. Blue, the Light of Truth. Green, the Light of Research. Yellow, the Light of Creation. Orange, the Light of Progress. Red, the Light of Poetry. Violet, the Light of State. Senate Reading Room. The Senate Reading Room ceiling is decorated with a gold ground on which are floating female figures. Above the mantel is carved the shield of the Union surmounted by the American Eagle. (By Adams.) Mosaic Mantel— History. 68 The Library of Congress. Entrance Pavilion — Reading Room Lobby. Government of the Republic and the results of good and bad administration are symbolized by Elihu Vedder in five paintings as follows : Government, majestic of mien and laurel-crowned, holds the scepter, and a tablet, on which is Lincoln's characterization : "A government of the people, by the people, for the people." Genii bear the sword of authority and the bridle of restraint. The oak typifies strength. Good Administration, the genius of America, is seated beneath an arch, of which each stone fills its office of support for all the others, as every State Government. Good Administration. must contribute to the upholding of the Union. She holds, evenly balanced, the scales of justice, and supports a shield whose divisions represent the idea of political parties. In her lap is the open book of the laws. To one ballot urn comes a youth to cast his vote ; his books indicate that intelligence must qualify for the franchise. Into the other urn, public opinion winnows the wheat from the chaff. The fig tree and the wheat fields indicate domestic tran- quility. Good administration insures peace and prosperity. Peace and Prosperity are symbolized by a goddess who extends laurel wreaths in token of encouragement and reward to Agriculture and Art. In the background is the olive tree. Corrupt Legislation has gathered to herself cornucopias of gold, the sources of which are shown by the corruptionist placing his bribe in her sliding scale. That the Briber has purchased legislation is indicated by the book of the law which he holds on his own lap, and by the overthrown ballot urn at his feet. Peace and Prosperity. Corrupt Legislation. Anarchy, The Book Series. 69 The Cairn. Oral Tradition. The strong box, the coin and the busy factories tell of his prosperity. Honest Industry, with empty distaff, sues for recognition in vain. The factory chim- neys in the distance are smokeless. The flying leaves of the vine presage decay. Anarchy, holding aloft as a brand the flaming scroll of the Constitution and clutching the cup of madness, is here the presiding genius amid universal wreck and ruin. Serpents are twisted in her hair. One foot rests upon the Hieroglyphics. The Pictograph. downfallen aich of the State ; with the other she is spurning religion, learn- ing, art and law. Ignorance and Violence are assisting in the overthrow. The broken mill and cog wheels typify the ruin of industries. The tree is withered and dead. The bomb with fuse alight foretells the end. Entrance Pavilion— East Hall. The Evolution of the Book. — By John W. Alexander, a series of six panels: 1. The Cairn erected by prehistoric man on the seashore, a mere heap of boulders to commemorate some notable event. 2. Oral Traditions. — The Ori- ental story-teller, relating his tale to a group of absorbed listeners. 3. 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