THE DEGREE OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT AND NATIONAL SUPERVISION OF BANOKOK, THAILAND Thailand is a unitary stare with a highly centralized government. The system of government up to the beginning of the twentieth century was absolute monarchy. On June 24, 1932, a group of young civil, military and naval officers--most of whom were Western-educated-- seized the power from the King in a bloodless coup d'etat. A constitution on Western democratic lines was promulgated. The system of government now is a constitutional monarchy. For administrative purposes, Thailand is divided into 71 Changwats (provinces), each with its governor, appointed by the Ministry of the Interior, who represents the central government and coordinates the work of regional representatives of other ministries. The governor also presides over a provincial council of such representatives and of local civil servants, which corresponds on the local level to the Council of Ministers in Bangkok. Each Changwat is divided into 5 or 6 Amphurs (districts), of which there are 448in the whole country; each Amphur is divided into Tambons (villages), and each Tambon into Moobans (hamlets) which consist of a group of houses with a population of about 200. In every Changwat there is a Changwat Governor , who takes full responsibility for all administration in his Changwat. HIs staff consists of a Deputy Governor, an Assistant Governor, a Public Prosecutor, a Chief of Police, and other local senior officers ofTHE DEGREE OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT AND NATIONAL SUPERVISION OF BANOKOK, THAILAND Thailand is a unitary stare with a highly centralized government. The system of government up to the beginning of the twentieth century was absolute monarchy. On June 24, 1932, a group of young civil, military and naval officers--most of whom were Western-educated-- seized the power from the King in a bloodless coup d'etat. A constitution on Western democratic lines was promulgated. The system of government now is a constitutional monarchy. For administrative purposes, Thailand is divided into 71 Changwats (provinces), each with its governor, appointed by the Ministry of the Interior, who represents the central government and coordinates the work of regional representatives of other ministries. The governor also presides over a provincial council of such representatives and of local civil servants, which corresponds on the local level to the Council of Ministers in Bangkok. Each Changwat is divided into 5 or 6 Amphurs (districts), of which there are 448in the whole country; each Amphur is divided into Tambons (villages), and each Tambon into Moobans (hamlets) which consist of a group of houses with a population of about 200. In every Changwat there is a Changwat Governor , who takes full responsibility for all administration in his Changwat. HIs staff consists of a Deputy Governor, an Assistant Governor, a Public Prosecutor, a Chief of Police, and other local senior officers ofTHE DEGREE OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT AND NATIONAL SUPERVISION OF BANOKOK, THAILAND Thailand is a unitary stare with a highly centralized government. The system of government up to the beginning of the twentieth century was absolute monarchy. On June 24, 1932, a group of young civil, military and naval officers--most of whom were Western-educated-- seized the power from the King in a bloodless coup d'etat. A constitution on Western democratic lines was promulgated. The system of government now is a constitutional monarchy. For administrative purposes, Thailand is divided into 71 Changwats (provinces), each with its governor, appointed by the Ministry of the Interior, who represents the central government and coordinates the work of regional representatives of other ministries. The governor also presides over a provincial council of such representatives and of local civil servants, which corresponds on the local level to the Council of Ministers in Bangkok. Each Changwat is divided into 5 or 6 Amphurs (districts), of which there are 448in the whole country; each Amphur is divided into Tambons (villages), and each Tambon into Moobans (hamlets) which consist of a group of houses with a population of about 200. In every Changwat there is a Changwat Governor , who takes full responsibility for all administration in his Changwat. HIs staff consists of a Deputy Governor, an Assistant Governor, a Public Prosecutor, a Chief of Police, and other local senior officers ofTHE DEGREE OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT AND NATIONAL SUPERVISION OF BANOKOK, THAILAND Thailand is a unitary stare with a highly centralized government. The system of government up to the beginning of the twentieth century was absolute monarchy. On June 24, 1932, a group of young civil, military and naval officers--most of whom were Western-educated-- seized the power from the King in a bloodless coup d'etat. A constitution on Western democratic lines was promulgated. The system of government now is a constitutional monarchy. For administrative purposes, Thailand is divided into 71 Changwats (provinces), each with its governor, appointed by the Ministry of the Interior, who represents the central government and coordinates the work of regional representatives of other ministries. The governor also presides over a provincial council of such representatives and of local civil servants, which corresponds on the local level to the Council of Ministers in Bangkok. Each Changwat is divided into 5 or 6 Amphurs (districts), of which there are 448in the whole country; each Amphur is divided into Tambons (villages), and each Tambon into Moobans (hamlets) which consist of a group of houses with a population of about 200. In every Changwat there is a Changwat Governor , who takes full responsibility for all administration in his Changwat. HIs staff consists of a Deputy Governor, an Assistant Governor, a Public Prosecutor, a Chief of Police, and other local senior officers ofTHE DEGREE OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT AND NATIONAL SUPERVISION OF BANOKOK, THAILAND Thailand is a unitary stare with a highly centralized government. The system of government up to the beginning of the twentieth century was absolute monarchy. On June 24, 1932, a group of young civil, military and naval officers--most of whom were Western-educated-- seized the power from the King in a bloodless coup d'etat. A constitution on Western democratic lines was promulgated. The system of government now is a constitutional monarchy. For administrative purposes, Thailand is divided into 71 Changwats (provinces), each with its governor, appointed by the Ministry of the Interior, who represents the central government and coordinates the work of regional representatives of other ministries. The governor also presides over a provincial council of such representatives and of local civil servants, which corresponds on the local level to the Council of Ministers in Bangkok. Each Changwat is divided into 5 or 6 Amphurs (districts), of which there are 448in the whole country; each Amphur is divided into Tambons (villages), and each Tambon into Moobans (hamlets) which consist of a group of houses with a population of about 200. In every Changwat there is a Changwat Governor , who takes full responsibility for all administration in his Changwat. HIs staff consists of a Deputy Governor, an Assistant Governor, a Public Prosecutor, a Chief of Police, and other local senior officers of- 2 - the central government departments such as Revenue, Education, Agriculture, and Public Health. A Nai Amphur (District Officer) is appointed for every Amphur (district). He has about 3 to 10 Assistant Nai Amphurs to help him in his work. There are also about 20 officers of various Central Government Departments such as Chief of Police of the Amphur, Tax Collector, Public Health Officer, Education Officer, etc. People in each Mooban (hamlet) elect their own Headman who is called the Pooyaiban. The Pooyaibans choose one of their number to be appointed by the Changwat Governor as their Kennan (Village Headman). Kennans and Pooyaibans act as a kind of "go between." They carry the Government orders to the people and at the same time represent the people of their own areas. Local Self-Government The process of decentralization of the administration of the country began with the urban areas. In 1933, one year after the coup d'etat which changed the form of the central government from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy, the Municipality Act of 1933 was promulgated. From that time to the present, 120 towns, large and small, have been given the status of municipalities. Three of them are Nekhon Municipalities (cities): Bangkok, Thonburi, and Chiangmai. The Muang and Tambon Municipalities number 82 and 35 respectively.- 2 - the central government departments such as Revenue, Education, Agriculture, and Public Health. A Nai Amphur (District Officer) is appointed for every Amphur (district). He has about 3 to 10 Assistant Nai Amphurs to help him in his work. There are also about 20 officers of various Central Government Departments such as Chief of Police of the Amphur, Tax Collector, Public Health Officer, Education Officer, etc. People in each Mooban (hamlet) elect their own Headman who is called the Pooyaiban. The Pooyaibans choose one of their number to be appointed by the Changwat Governor as their Kennan (Village Headman). Kennans and Pooyaibans act as a kind of "go between." They carry the Government orders to the people and at the same time represent the people of their own areas. Local Self-Government The process of decentralization of the administration of the country began with the urban areas. In 1933, one year after the coup d'etat which changed the form of the central government from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy, the Municipality Act of 1933 was promulgated. From that time to the present, 120 towns, large and small, have been given the status of municipalities. Three of them are Nekhon Municipalities (cities): Bangkok, Thonburi, and Chiangmai. The Muang and Tambon Municipalities number 82 and 35 respectively.- 2 - the central government departments such as Revenue, Education, Agriculture, and Public Health. A Nai Amphur (District Officer) is appointed for every Amphur (district). He has about 3 to 10 Assistant Nai Amphurs to help him in his work. There are also about 20 officers of various Central Government Departments such as Chief of Police of the Amphur, Tax Collector, Public Health Officer, Education Officer, etc. People in each Mooban (hamlet) elect their own Headman who is called the Pooyaiban. The Pooyaibans choose one of their number to be appointed by the Changwat Governor as their Kennan (Village Headman). Kennans and Pooyaibans act as a kind of "go between." They carry the Government orders to the people and at the same time represent the people of their own areas. Local Self-Government The process of decentralization of the administration of the country began with the urban areas. In 1933, one year after the coup d'etat which changed the form of the central government from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy, the Municipality Act of 1933 was promulgated. From that time to the present, 120 towns, large and small, have been given the status of municipalities. Three of them are Nekhon Municipalities (cities): Bangkok, Thonburi, and Chiangmai. The Muang and Tambon Municipalities number 82 and 35 respectively.- 2 - the central government departments such as Revenue, Education, Agriculture, and Public Health. A Nai Amphur (District Officer) is appointed for every Amphur (district). He has about 3 to 10 Assistant Nai Amphurs to help him in his work. There are also about 20 officers of various Central Government Departments such as Chief of Police of the Amphur, Tax Collector, Public Health Officer, Education Officer, etc. People in each Mooban (hamlet) elect their own Headman who is called the Pooyaiban. The Pooyaibans choose one of their number to be appointed by the Changwat Governor as their Kennan (Village Headman). Kennans and Pooyaibans act as a kind of "go between." They carry the Government orders to the people and at the same time represent the people of their own areas. Local Self-Government The process of decentralization of the administration of the country began with the urban areas. In 1933, one year after the coup d'etat which changed the form of the central government from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy, the Municipality Act of 1933 was promulgated. From that time to the present, 120 towns, large and small, have been given the status of municipalities. Three of them are Nekhon Municipalities (cities): Bangkok, Thonburi, and Chiangmai. The Muang and Tambon Municipalities number 82 and 35 respectively.- 2 - the central government departments such as Revenue, Education, Agriculture, and Public Health. A Nai Amphur (District Officer) is appointed for every Amphur (district). He has about 3 to 10 Assistant Nai Amphurs to help him in his work. There are also about 20 officers of various Central Government Departments such as Chief of Police of the Amphur, Tax Collector, Public Health Officer, Education Officer, etc. People in each Mooban (hamlet) elect their own Headman who is called the Pooyaiban. The Pooyaibans choose one of their number to be appointed by the Changwat Governor as their Kennan (Village Headman). Kennans and Pooyaibans act as a kind of "go between." They carry the Government orders to the people and at the same time represent the people of their own areas. Local Self-Government The process of decentralization of the administration of the country began with the urban areas. In 1933, one year after the coup d'etat which changed the form of the central government from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy, the Municipality Act of 1933 was promulgated. From that time to the present, 120 towns, large and small, have been given the status of municipalities. Three of them are Nekhon Municipalities (cities): Bangkok, Thonburi, and Chiangmai. The Muang and Tambon Municipalities number 82 and 35 respectively.- 3 - A Tambon Municipality (township) is set up where it is deemed appropriate regardless of prerequisites such as population or revenue. 1/ A Muang Municipality (town) is set up where the Changvad Central Bureau is situated or in a densely populated area inhabited by 10,000 inhabitants or more on the average of not less than 3,000 inhabitants per square kilometer, which has a sizable revenue. 2/ A Nakhon Municipality (city) requires a population of 50,000 inhabitants or more on the average of 3,000 inhabitants per square kilometer, together with a sizable revenue. 3/ The municipal organization comprises the municipal council and the executive committee. 4/ The municipal council is made up of 12 members for Tambon, 5/ 18 for Muang, 6/ and 24 for Nakhon. 7/ Since 1958, all municipal councillors have been elected by the people. The executive committee comprises 1 major and 2 adjoints for Tambon or Muang and 4 adjoints for Nakhon. Sukhaphibal (Local Development Board) To prepare urban areas for elevation to the status of municipalities, most of the suitable towns have been made "Sukhaphibal" with a Local Development Board. This Board consists of the Nai Amphur as its Chairman, an Assistant Nai Amphur, the Chief of District Police, a Public Health Officer, a Treasurer, a Kennan, Pooysibons, and 4 elected persons as the Board members. When the revenue and population of these urban areas have increased, they will be made municipalities. 1/ Municipal Act of D. E. 2496, Section 9. 2/ Ibid., Section 10. 3/ Ibid., Section 11. 4/ Ibid., Section 14. 5/ Ibid., Section 49 6/ Ibid., Section 52 7/ Ibid., Section 55 - 3 - A Tambon Municipality (township) is set up where it is deemed appropriate regardless of prerequisites such as population or revenue. 1/ A Muang Municipality (town) is set up where the Changvad Central Bureau is situated or in a densely populated area inhabited by 10,000 inhabitants or more on the average of not less than 3,000 inhabitants per square kilometer, which has a sizable revenue. 2/ A Nakhon Municipality (city) requires a population of 50,000 inhabitants or more on the average of 3,000 inhabitants per square kilometer, together with a sizable revenue. 3/ The municipal organization comprises the municipal council and the executive committee. 4/ The municipal council is made up of 12 members for Tambon, 5/ 18 for Muang, 6/ and 24 for Nakhon. 7/ Since 1958, all municipal councillors have been elected by the people. The executive committee comprises 1 major and 2 adjoints for Tambon or Muang and 4 adjoints for Nakhon. Sukhaphibal (Local Development Board) To prepare urban areas for elevation to the status of municipalities, most of the suitable towns have been made "Sukhaphibal" with a Local Development Board. This Board consists of the Nai Amphur as its Chairman, an Assistant Nai Amphur, the Chief of District Police, a Public Health Officer, a Treasurer, a Kennan, Pooysibons, and 4 elected persons as the Board members. When the revenue and population of these urban areas have increased, they will be made municipalities. 1/ Municipal Act of D. E. 2496, Section 9. 2/ Ibid., Section 10. 3/ Ibid., Section 11. 4/ Ibid., Section 14. 5/ Ibid., Section 49 6/ Ibid., Section 52 7/ Ibid., Section 55 - 3 - A Tambon Municipality (township) is set up where it is deemed appropriate regardless of prerequisites such as population or revenue. 1/ A Muang Municipality (town) is set up where the Changvad Central Bureau is situated or in a densely populated area inhabited by 10,000 inhabitants or more on the average of not less than 3,000 inhabitants per square kilometer, which has a sizable revenue. 2/ A Nakhon Municipality (city) requires a population of 50,000 inhabitants or more on the average of 3,000 inhabitants per square kilometer, together with a sizable revenue. 3/ The municipal organization comprises the municipal council and the executive committee. 4/ The municipal council is made up of 12 members for Tambon, 5/ 18 for Muang, 6/ and 24 for Nakhon. 7/ Since 1958, all municipal councillors have been elected by the people. The executive committee comprises 1 major and 2 adjoints for Tambon or Muang and 4 adjoints for Nakhon. Sukhaphibal (Local Development Board) To prepare urban areas for elevation to the status of municipalities, most of the suitable towns have been made "Sukhaphibal" with a Local Development Board. This Board consists of the Nai Amphur as its Chairman, an Assistant Nai Amphur, the Chief of District Police, a Public Health Officer, a Treasurer, a Kennan, Pooysibons, and 4 elected persons as the Board members. When the revenue and population of these urban areas have increased, they will be made municipalities. 1/ Municipal Act of D. E. 2496, Section 9. 2/ Ibid., Section 10. 3/ Ibid., Section 11. 4/ Ibid., Section 14. 5/ Ibid., Section 49 6/ Ibid., Section 52 7/ Ibid., Section 55 - 3 - A Tambon Municipality (township) is set up where it is deemed appropriate regardless of prerequisites such as population or revenue. 1/ A Muang Municipality (town) is set up where the Changvad Central Bureau is situated or in a densely populated area inhabited by 10,000 inhabitants or more on the average of not less than 3,000 inhabitants per square kilometer, which has a sizable revenue. 2/ A Nakhon Municipality (city) requires a population of 50,000 inhabitants or more on the average of 3,000 inhabitants per square kilometer, together with a sizable revenue. 3/ The municipal organization comprises the municipal council and the executive committee. 4/ The municipal council is made up of 12 members for Tambon, 5/ 18 for Muang, 6/ and 24 for Nakhon. 7/ Since 1958, all municipal councillors have been elected by the people. The executive committee comprises 1 major and 2 adjoints for Tambon or Muang and 4 adjoints for Nakhon. Sukhaphibal (Local Development Board) To prepare urban areas for elevation to the status of municipalities, most of the suitable towns have been made "Sukhaphibal" with a Local Development Board. This Board consists of the Nai Amphur as its Chairman, an Assistant Nai Amphur, the Chief of District Police, a Public Health Officer, a Treasurer, a Kennan, Pooysibons, and 4 elected persons as the Board members. When the revenue and population of these urban areas have increased, they will be made municipalities. 1/ Municipal Act of D. E. 2496, Section 9. 2/ Ibid., Section 10. 3/ Ibid., Section 11. 4/ Ibid., Section 14. 5/ Ibid., Section 49 6/ Ibid., Section 52 7/ Ibid., Section 55 - 3 - A Tambon Municipality (township) is set up where it is deemed appropriate regardless of prerequisites such as population or revenue. 1/ A Muang Municipality (town) is set up where the Changvad Central Bureau is situated or in a densely populated area inhabited by 10,000 inhabitants or more on the average of not less than 3,000 inhabitants per square kilometer, which has a sizable revenue. 2/ A Nakhon Municipality (city) requires a population of 50,000 inhabitants or more on the average of 3,000 inhabitants per square kilometer, together with a sizable revenue. 3/ The municipal organization comprises the municipal council and the executive committee. 4/ The municipal council is made up of 12 members for Tambon, 5/ 18 for Muang, 6/ and 24 for Nakhon. 7/ Since 1958, all municipal councillors have been elected by the people. The executive committee comprises 1 major and 2 adjoints for Tambon or Muang and 4 adjoints for Nakhon. Sukhaphibal (Local Development Board) To prepare urban areas for elevation to the status of municipalities, most of the suitable towns have been made "Sukhaphibal" with a Local Development Board. This Board consists of the Nai Amphur as its Chairman, an Assistant Nai Amphur, the Chief of District Police, a Public Health Officer, a Treasurer, a Kennan, Pooysibons, and 4 elected persons as the Board members. When the revenue and population of these urban areas have increased, they will be made municipalities. 1/ Municipal Act of D. E. 2496, Section 9. 2/ Ibid., Section 10. 3/ Ibid., Section 11. 4/ Ibid., Section 14. 5/ Ibid., Section 49 6/ Ibid., Section 52 7/ Ibid., Section 55 - 4 - Changwat Authority (Provincial Authority) To carry the policy of decentralization further into the rural areas, so that the people in these areas could participate in self government, a new Changwat Administration Act was promulgated in 1955. There is a Changwat Council with 24 members for every Changwat. Before 1959, half of the members were appointed, but since 1959 they have all been elected. The Changwat Governor must perform his duties according to the resolutions of the Changwat Council. The transfer of powers from the Changwat Governor as a branch of the administration of the Central Government to the Changwat Authority is being arranged. Tambon Authority (Village Authority) At the beginning of 1956, people in every Mooban (hamlet) were asked to elect their representatives to sit in the newly created Tambon Council (village council). They were encouraged to better their standard of living and provide such amenities for their villages as roads, bridges, wells, and dams, with the advice and guidance of the Nai Amphurs. They were expected to find labor and money among themselves in the spirit of self-help, but they could also ask for the help of the Government in the form of a counterpart fund. The villagers were very enthusiastic about their new institutions and the experiment was a great success. At the end of 1956, the Tambon Administration - 4 - Changwat Authority (Provincial Authority) To carry the policy of decentralization further into the rural areas, so that the people in these areas could participate in self government, a new Changwat Administration Act was promulgated in 1955. There is a Changwat Council with 24 members for every Changwat. Before 1959, half of the members were appointed, but since 1959 they have all been elected. The Changwat Governor must perform his duties according to the resolutions of the Changwat Council. The transfer of powers from the Changwat Governor as a branch of the administration of the Central Government to the Changwat Authority is being arranged. Tambon Authority (Village Authority) At the beginning of 1956, people in every Mooban (hamlet) were asked to elect their representatives to sit in the newly created Tambon Council (village council). They were encouraged to better their standard of living and provide such amenities for their villages as roads, bridges, wells, and dams, with the advice and guidance of the Nai Amphurs. They were expected to find labor and money among themselves in the spirit of self-help, but they could also ask for the help of the Government in the form of a counterpart fund. The villagers were very enthusiastic about their new institutions and the experiment was a great success. At the end of 1956, the Tambon Administration - 4 - Changwat Authority (Provincial Authority) To carry the policy of decentralization further into the rural areas, so that the people in these areas could participate in self government, a new Changwat Administration Act was promulgated in 1955. There is a Changwat Council with 24 members for every Changwat. Before 1959, half of the members were appointed, but since 1959 they have all been elected. The Changwat Governor must perform his duties according to the resolutions of the Changwat Council. The transfer of powers from the Changwat Governor as a branch of the administration of the Central Government to the Changwat Authority is being arranged. Tambon Authority (Village Authority) At the beginning of 1956, people in every Mooban (hamlet) were asked to elect their representatives to sit in the newly created Tambon Council (village council). They were encouraged to better their standard of living and provide such amenities for their villages as roads, bridges, wells, and dams, with the advice and guidance of the Nai Amphurs. They were expected to find labor and money among themselves in the spirit of self-help, but they could also ask for the help of the Government in the form of a counterpart fund. The villagers were very enthusiastic about their new institutions and the experiment was a great success. At the end of 1956, the Tambon Administration - 4 - Changwat Authority (Provincial Authority) To carry the policy of decentralization further into the rural areas, so that the people in these areas could participate in self government, a new Changwat Administration Act was promulgated in 1955. There is a Changwat Council with 24 members for every Changwat. Before 1959, half of the members were appointed, but since 1959 they have all been elected. The Changwat Governor must perform his duties according to the resolutions of the Changwat Council. The transfer of powers from the Changwat Governor as a branch of the administration of the Central Government to the Changwat Authority is being arranged. Tambon Authority (Village Authority) At the beginning of 1956, people in every Mooban (hamlet) were asked to elect their representatives to sit in the newly created Tambon Council (village council). They were encouraged to better their standard of living and provide such amenities for their villages as roads, bridges, wells, and dams, with the advice and guidance of the Nai Amphurs. They were expected to find labor and money among themselves in the spirit of self-help, but they could also ask for the help of the Government in the form of a counterpart fund. The villagers were very enthusiastic about their new institutions and the experiment was a great success. At the end of 1956, the Tambon Administration - 4 - Changwat Authority (Provincial Authority) To carry the policy of decentralization further into the rural areas, so that the people in these areas could participate in self government, a new Changwat Administration Act was promulgated in 1955. There is a Changwat Council with 24 members for every Changwat. Before 1959, half of the members were appointed, but since 1959 they have all been elected. The Changwat Governor must perform his duties according to the resolutions of the Changwat Council. The transfer of powers from the Changwat Governor as a branch of the administration of the Central Government to the Changwat Authority is being arranged. Tambon Authority (Village Authority) At the beginning of 1956, people in every Mooban (hamlet) were asked to elect their representatives to sit in the newly created Tambon Council (village council). They were encouraged to better their standard of living and provide such amenities for their villages as roads, bridges, wells, and dams, with the advice and guidance of the Nai Amphurs. They were expected to find labor and money among themselves in the spirit of self-help, but they could also ask for the help of the Government in the form of a counterpart fund. The villagers were very enthusiastic about their new institutions and the experiment was a great success. At the end of 1956, the Tambon Administration - 5 - Act was passed, setting up a democratic system of administration for the rural areas of Thailand. Nakhon Municipality: Bangkok Bangkok, the capital, is a Nakhon Municipality with a population of about 1,208,865. A. To set up a Nakhon Municipality, a certain size of population is required, together with sizable revenue. The Municipal Act of B.E. 2496 provides: Section 11. A Nakhon municipality is a densely population area inhabited by fifty thousand inhabitants or more on the average of three thousand inhabitants per square kilometer the revenue of which is sufficient to enable it to perform the duties imposed by this Act, which is raised to such status by Royal Decree. Such Royal Decree shall specify the name and boundaries of the municipality. B. Administrative system. A municipal corporation consists of a municipal assembly and a municipal council. The municipal assembly for a Nakhon municipality consists of 24 members, and the council which serves under it consists of the president and 4 other councillors. 8/ A municipal assembly is composed of members elected by the people in accordance with the municipal election law. 9/ Concerning the municipal council, the Municipal Act of B.E. 2496 provides: Section 36. There shall be appointed a municipal council consisting of the president of the council and other councillors in the number provided by this Act. 8/ Ibid., Section 55. 9/ Ibid., Municipal Act of B.E. 2499 (No. 3), Section 5. - 5 - Act was passed, setting up a democratic system of administration for the rural areas of Thailand. Nakhon Municipality: Bangkok Bangkok, the capital, is a Nakhon Municipality with a population of about 1,208,865. A. To set up a Nakhon Municipality, a certain size of population is required, together with sizable revenue. The Municipal Act of B.E. 2496 provides: Section 11. A Nakhon municipality is a densely population area inhabited by fifty thousand inhabitants or more on the average of three thousand inhabitants per square kilometer the revenue of which is sufficient to enable it to perform the duties imposed by this Act, which is raised to such status by Royal Decree. Such Royal Decree shall specify the name and boundaries of the municipality. B. Administrative system. A municipal corporation consists of a municipal assembly and a municipal council. The municipal assembly for a Nakhon municipality consists of 24 members, and the council which serves under it consists of the president and 4 other councillors. 8/ A municipal assembly is composed of members elected by the people in accordance with the municipal election law. 9/ Concerning the municipal council, the Municipal Act of B.E. 2496 provides: Section 36. There shall be appointed a municipal council consisting of the president of the council and other councillors in the number provided by this Act. 8/ Ibid., Section 55. 9/ Ibid., Municipal Act of B.E. 2499 (No. 3), Section 5. - 5 - Act was passed, setting up a democratic system of administration for the rural areas of Thailand. Nakhon Municipality: Bangkok Bangkok, the capital, is a Nakhon Municipality with a population of about 1,208,865. A. To set up a Nakhon Municipality, a certain size of population is required, together with sizable revenue. The Municipal Act of B.E. 2496 provides: Section 11. A Nakhon municipality is a densely population area inhabited by fifty thousand inhabitants or more on the average of three thousand inhabitants per square kilometer the revenue of which is sufficient to enable it to perform the duties imposed by this Act, which is raised to such status by Royal Decree. Such Royal Decree shall specify the name and boundaries of the municipality. B. Administrative system. A municipal corporation consists of a municipal assembly and a municipal council. The municipal assembly for a Nakhon municipality consists of 24 members, and the council which serves under it consists of the president and 4 other councillors. 8/ A municipal assembly is composed of members elected by the people in accordance with the municipal election law. 9/ Concerning the municipal council, the Municipal Act of B.E. 2496 provides: Section 36. There shall be appointed a municipal council consisting of the president of the council and other councillors in the number provided by this Act. 8/ Ibid., Section 55. 9/ Ibid., Municipal Act of B.E. 2499 (No. 3), Section 5. - 5 - Act was passed, setting up a democratic system of administration for the rural areas of Thailand. Nakhon Municipality: Bangkok Bangkok, the capital, is a Nakhon Municipality with a population of about 1,208,865. A. To set up a Nakhon Municipality, a certain size of population is required, together with sizable revenue. The Municipal Act of B.E. 2496 provides: Section 11. A Nakhon municipality is a densely population area inhabited by fifty thousand inhabitants or more on the average of three thousand inhabitants per square kilometer the revenue of which is sufficient to enable it to perform the duties imposed by this Act, which is raised to such status by Royal Decree. Such Royal Decree shall specify the name and boundaries of the municipality. B. Administrative system. A municipal corporation consists of a municipal assembly and a municipal council. The municipal assembly for a Nakhon municipality consists of 24 members, and the council which serves under it consists of the president and 4 other councillors. 8/ A municipal assembly is composed of members elected by the people in accordance with the municipal election law. 9/ Concerning the municipal council, the Municipal Act of B.E. 2496 provides: Section 36. There shall be appointed a municipal council consisting of the president of the council and other councillors in the number provided by this Act. 8/ Ibid., Section 55. 9/ Ibid., Municipal Act of B.E. 2499 (No. 3), Section 5. - 5 - Act was passed, setting up a democratic system of administration for the rural areas of Thailand. Nakhon Municipality: Bangkok Bangkok, the capital, is a Nakhon Municipality with a population of about 1,208,865. A. To set up a Nakhon Municipality, a certain size of population is required, together with sizable revenue. The Municipal Act of B.E. 2496 provides: Section 11. A Nakhon municipality is a densely population area inhabited by fifty thousand inhabitants or more on the average of three thousand inhabitants per square kilometer the revenue of which is sufficient to enable it to perform the duties imposed by this Act, which is raised to such status by Royal Decree. Such Royal Decree shall specify the name and boundaries of the municipality. B. Administrative system. A municipal corporation consists of a municipal assembly and a municipal council. The municipal assembly for a Nakhon municipality consists of 24 members, and the council which serves under it consists of the president and 4 other councillors. 8/ A municipal assembly is composed of members elected by the people in accordance with the municipal election law. 9/ Concerning the municipal council, the Municipal Act of B.E. 2496 provides: Section 36. There shall be appointed a municipal council consisting of the president of the council and other councillors in the number provided by this Act. 8/ Ibid., Section 55. 9/ Ibid., Municipal Act of B.E. 2499 (No. 3), Section 5. - 6 - Section 37. The Changwat Governor shall, with the approval of the municipal assembly, appoint members of the assembly as president of the council and councillors. C. The operation of the Nakhon municipal assembly and of the Nakhon municipal council: Duties of the Nakhon municipalities. Subject to law a Nakhon municipality is charged with the following duties to be performed within the municipal area: 1. Maintenance of public peace; 2. Maintenance of roads and waterways; 3. Keeping roads, pathways, and public places clean and disposing of refuse and garbage; 4. Prevention and suppression of infectious diseases; 5. Providing fire engines and accessories; 6. Providing for local education and training; 7. Providing for clean water or waterworks; 8. Providing for abattoirs; 9. Providing and maintaining medical services; 10. Providing and maintaining drainage; 11. Providing and maintaining public lavatories; 12. Providing and maintaining electric works or other lighting; 13. Providing and maintaining child and mother welfare services; 14. Other services necessary to preserve public health. - 6 - Section 37. The Changwat Governor shall, with the approval of the municipal assembly, appoint members of the assembly as president of the council and councillors. C. The operation of the Nakhon municipal assembly and of the Nakhon municipal council: Duties of the Nakhon municipalities. Subject to law a Nakhon municipality is charged with the following duties to be performed within the municipal area: 1. Maintenance of public peace; 2. Maintenance of roads and waterways; 3. Keeping roads, pathways, and public places clean and disposing of refuse and garbage; 4. Prevention and suppression of infectious diseases; 5. Providing fire engines and accessories; 6. Providing for local education and training; 7. Providing for clean water or waterworks; 8. Providing for abattoirs; 9. Providing and maintaining medical services; 10. Providing and maintaining drainage; 11. Providing and maintaining public lavatories; 12. Providing and maintaining electric works or other lighting; 13. Providing and maintaining child and mother welfare services; 14. Other services necessary to preserve public health. - 6 - Section 37. The Changwat Governor shall, with the approval of the municipal assembly, appoint members of the assembly as president of the council and councillors. C. The operation of the Nakhon municipal assembly and of the Nakhon municipal council: Duties of the Nakhon municipalities. Subject to law a Nakhon municipality is charged with the following duties to be performed within the municipal area: 1. Maintenance of public peace; 2. Maintenance of roads and waterways; 3. Keeping roads, pathways, and public places clean and disposing of refuse and garbage; 4. Prevention and suppression of infectious diseases; 5. Providing fire engines and accessories; 6. Providing for local education and training; 7. Providing for clean water or waterworks; 8. Providing for abattoirs; 9. Providing and maintaining medical services; 10. Providing and maintaining drainage; 11. Providing and maintaining public lavatories; 12. Providing and maintaining electric works or other lighting; 13. Providing and maintaining child and mother welfare services; 14. Other services necessary to preserve public health. - 6 - Section 37. The Changwat Governor shall, with the approval of the municipal assembly, appoint members of the assembly as president of the council and councillors. C. The operation of the Nakhon municipal assembly and of the Nakhon municipal council: Duties of the Nakhon municipalities. Subject to law a Nakhon municipality is charged with the following duties to be performed within the municipal area: 1. Maintenance of public peace; 2. Maintenance of roads and waterways; 3. Keeping roads, pathways, and public places clean and disposing of refuse and garbage; 4. Prevention and suppression of infectious diseases; 5. Providing fire engines and accessories; 6. Providing for local education and training; 7. Providing for clean water or waterworks; 8. Providing for abattoirs; 9. Providing and maintaining medical services; 10. Providing and maintaining drainage; 11. Providing and maintaining public lavatories; 12. Providing and maintaining electric works or other lighting; 13. Providing and maintaining child and mother welfare services; 14. Other services necessary to preserve public health. - 6 - Section 37. The Changwat Governor shall, with the approval of the municipal assembly, appoint members of the assembly as president of the council and councillors. C. The operation of the Nakhon municipal assembly and of the Nakhon municipal council: Duties of the Nakhon municipalities. Subject to law a Nakhon municipality is charged with the following duties to be performed within the municipal area: 1. Maintenance of public peace; 2. Maintenance of roads and waterways; 3. Keeping roads, pathways, and public places clean and disposing of refuse and garbage; 4. Prevention and suppression of infectious diseases; 5. Providing fire engines and accessories; 6. Providing for local education and training; 7. Providing for clean water or waterworks; 8. Providing for abattoirs; 9. Providing and maintaining medical services; 10. Providing and maintaining drainage; 11. Providing and maintaining public lavatories; 12. Providing and maintaining electric works or other lighting; 13. Providing and maintaining child and mother welfare services; 14. Other services necessary to preserve public health. - 7 - D. Finance and municipal properties. The municipalities, according to the law, have the status of public bodies. Having this status, they must have their own revenues and expenditures aside from the national budget. The municipal yearly budget shall be presented in the form of a by-law. If such by-law is not passed in time, the budgetary by-law of the preceding your shall operate provisionally. 10/ If the yearly appropriation is not sufficient or if new revenue or expenditure is required to be appropriated during the year, a supplementary by-law shall be passed. 11/ Subject to law a municipality may draw revenue from the following sources: 12/ (1) Taxes and duties granted by law; (2) Fees, license fees, and fines granted by law; (3) Income from municipal properties; (4) Income from public utilities and municipal trade enterprises; (5) Bonds and loans approved by law; (6) Loans contracted from ministries, public bodies, or organizations with the approval of the Minister of Interior; (7) Government grants in aid; (8) Private donations given as a matter of public charity; (9) Other income approved by law. 10/ Municipal Act of B.E. 2496, Section 65. 11 Ibid., Section 65. 12/ Ibid., Section 66. - 7 - D. Finance and municipal properties. The municipalities, according to the law, have the status of public bodies. Having this status, they must have their own revenues and expenditures aside from the national budget. The municipal yearly budget shall be presented in the form of a by-law. If such by-law is not passed in time, the budgetary by-law of the preceding your shall operate provisionally. 10/ If the yearly appropriation is not sufficient or if new revenue or expenditure is required to be appropriated during the year, a supplementary by-law shall be passed. 11/ Subject to law a municipality may draw revenue from the following sources: 12/ (1) Taxes and duties granted by law; (2) Fees, license fees, and fines granted by law; (3) Income from municipal properties; (4) Income from public utilities and municipal trade enterprises; (5) Bonds and loans approved by law; (6) Loans contracted from ministries, public bodies, or organizations with the approval of the Minister of Interior; (7) Government grants in aid; (8) Private donations given as a matter of public charity; (9) Other income approved by law. 10/ Municipal Act of B.E. 2496, Section 65. 11 Ibid., Section 65. 12/ Ibid., Section 66. - 7 - D. Finance and municipal properties. The municipalities, according to the law, have the status of public bodies. Having this status, they must have their own revenues and expenditures aside from the national budget. The municipal yearly budget shall be presented in the form of a by-law. If such by-law is not passed in time, the budgetary by-law of the preceding your shall operate provisionally. 10/ If the yearly appropriation is not sufficient or if new revenue or expenditure is required to be appropriated during the year, a supplementary by-law shall be passed. 11/ Subject to law a municipality may draw revenue from the following sources: 12/ (1) Taxes and duties granted by law; (2) Fees, license fees, and fines granted by law; (3) Income from municipal properties; (4) Income from public utilities and municipal trade enterprises; (5) Bonds and loans approved by law; (6) Loans contracted from ministries, public bodies, or organizations with the approval of the Minister of Interior; (7) Government grants in aid; (8) Private donations given as a matter of public charity; (9) Other income approved by law. 10/ Municipal Act of B.E. 2496, Section 65. 11 Ibid., Section 65. 12/ Ibid., Section 66. - 7 - D. Finance and municipal properties. The municipalities, according to the law, have the status of public bodies. Having this status, they must have their own revenues and expenditures aside from the national budget. The municipal yearly budget shall be presented in the form of a by-law. If such by-law is not passed in time, the budgetary by-law of the preceding your shall operate provisionally. 10/ If the yearly appropriation is not sufficient or if new revenue or expenditure is required to be appropriated during the year, a supplementary by-law shall be passed. 11/ Subject to law a municipality may draw revenue from the following sources: 12/ (1) Taxes and duties granted by law; (2) Fees, license fees, and fines granted by law; (3) Income from municipal properties; (4) Income from public utilities and municipal trade enterprises; (5) Bonds and loans approved by law; (6) Loans contracted from ministries, public bodies, or organizations with the approval of the Minister of Interior; (7) Government grants in aid; (8) Private donations given as a matter of public charity; (9) Other income approved by law. 10/ Municipal Act of B.E. 2496, Section 65. 11 Ibid., Section 65. 12/ Ibid., Section 66. - 7 - D. Finance and municipal properties. The municipalities, according to the law, have the status of public bodies. Having this status, they must have their own revenues and expenditures aside from the national budget. The municipal yearly budget shall be presented in the form of a by-law. If such by-law is not passed in time, the budgetary by-law of the preceding your shall operate provisionally. 10/ If the yearly appropriation is not sufficient or if new revenue or expenditure is required to be appropriated during the year, a supplementary by-law shall be passed. 11/ Subject to law a municipality may draw revenue from the following sources: 12/ (1) Taxes and duties granted by law; (2) Fees, license fees, and fines granted by law; (3) Income from municipal properties; (4) Income from public utilities and municipal trade enterprises; (5) Bonds and loans approved by law; (6) Loans contracted from ministries, public bodies, or organizations with the approval of the Minister of Interior; (7) Government grants in aid; (8) Private donations given as a matter of public charity; (9) Other income approved by law. 10/ Municipal Act of B.E. 2496, Section 65. 11 Ibid., Section 65. 12/ Ibid., Section 66. - 8 - Municipal expenditures come under seven classifications: 13/ (1) Salaries; (2) Ordinary expenses; (3) Extraordinary expenses; (4) Investment; (5) Repayment of loans; (6) Payments under obligation; (7) Other expenditures approved by law. E. Municipal control. National supervision of the municipality in Thailand is about the same as that in France; that is to say, the supervision is given to Government authorities, i.e., Nai Amphurs, Changwat governors, and the Minister of the Interior. Since decentralization is new to Thailand, there is no doubt that the control government still reserves the right of supervision over the municipality. The central government exercises supervision and control over the discipline of municipal employees. The Municipal Act (No. 3) of B.E. 2499, Section 6, provides: Membership terminates upon: . . . . (7) Order of the Minister of Interior on the ground that the member's conduct is likely to be prejudicial to his dignity or office or to the municipality or government service or that such conduct is prejudicial to public order or welfare or on the ground that the member was absent from three consecutive meetings of the assembly without reasonable excuse. 13/ Ibid., Section 67.- 8 - Municipal expenditures come under seven classifications: 13/ (1) Salaries; (2) Ordinary expenses; (3) Extraordinary expenses; (4) Investment; (5) Repayment of loans; (6) Payments under obligation; (7) Other expenditures approved by law. E. Municipal control. National supervision of the municipality in Thailand is about the same as that in France; that is to say, the supervision is given to Government authorities, i.e., Nai Amphurs, Changwat governors, and the Minister of the Interior. Since decentralization is new to Thailand, there is no doubt that the control government still reserves the right of supervision over the municipality. The central government exercises supervision and control over the discipline of municipal employees. The Municipal Act (No. 3) of B.E. 2499, Section 6, provides: Membership terminates upon: . . . . (7) Order of the Minister of Interior on the ground that the member's conduct is likely to be prejudicial to his dignity or office or to the municipality or government service or that such conduct is prejudicial to public order or welfare or on the ground that the member was absent from three consecutive meetings of the assembly without reasonable excuse. 13/ Ibid., Section 67.- 8 - Municipal expenditures come under seven classifications: 13/ (1) Salaries; (2) Ordinary expenses; (3) Extraordinary expenses; (4) Investment; (5) Repayment of loans; (6) Payments under obligation; (7) Other expenditures approved by law. E. Municipal control. National supervision of the municipality in Thailand is about the same as that in France; that is to say, the supervision is given to Government authorities, i.e., Nai Amphurs, Changwat governors, and the Minister of the Interior. Since decentralization is new to Thailand, there is no doubt that the control government still reserves the right of supervision over the municipality. The central government exercises supervision and control over the discipline of municipal employees. The Municipal Act (No. 3) of B.E. 2499, Section 6, provides: Membership terminates upon: . . . . (7) Order of the Minister of Interior on the ground that the member's conduct is likely to be prejudicial to his dignity or office or to the municipality or government service or that such conduct is prejudicial to public order or welfare or on the ground that the member was absent from three consecutive meetings of the assembly without reasonable excuse. 13/ Ibid., Section 67.- 8 - Municipal expenditures come under seven classifications: 13/ (1) Salaries; (2) Ordinary expenses; (3) Extraordinary expenses; (4) Investment; (5) Repayment of loans; (6) Payments under obligation; (7) Other expenditures approved by law. E. Municipal control. National supervision of the municipality in Thailand is about the same as that in France; that is to say, the supervision is given to Government authorities, i.e., Nai Amphurs, Changwat governors, and the Minister of the Interior. Since decentralization is new to Thailand, there is no doubt that the control government still reserves the right of supervision over the municipality. The central government exercises supervision and control over the discipline of municipal employees. The Municipal Act (No. 3) of B.E. 2499, Section 6, provides: Membership terminates upon: . . . . (7) Order of the Minister of Interior on the ground that the member's conduct is likely to be prejudicial to his dignity or office or to the municipality or government service or that such conduct is prejudicial to public order or welfare or on the ground that the member was absent from three consecutive meetings of the assembly without reasonable excuse. 13/ Ibid., Section 67.- 8 - Municipal expenditures come under seven classifications: 13/ (1) Salaries; (2) Ordinary expenses; (3) Extraordinary expenses; (4) Investment; (5) Repayment of loans; (6) Payments under obligation; (7) Other expenditures approved by law. E. Municipal control. National supervision of the municipality in Thailand is about the same as that in France; that is to say, the supervision is given to Government authorities, i.e., Nai Amphurs, Changwat governors, and the Minister of the Interior. Since decentralization is new to Thailand, there is no doubt that the control government still reserves the right of supervision over the municipality. The central government exercises supervision and control over the discipline of municipal employees. The Municipal Act (No. 3) of B.E. 2499, Section 6, provides: Membership terminates upon: . . . . (7) Order of the Minister of Interior on the ground that the member's conduct is likely to be prejudicial to his dignity or office or to the municipality or government service or that such conduct is prejudicial to public order or welfare or on the ground that the member was absent from three consecutive meetings of the assembly without reasonable excuse. 13/ Ibid., Section 67.- 9 - Regarding the suspension of a municipal council or councillor, the Municipality Act of B.E. 2496 provides: Section 48. Pending the investigation of a complaint against the municipal council or councillor for any act prejudicial to public order to welfare, for non-feasance or misfeasance of office or for conduct prejudicial to dignity or office or to the municipality or government services, if after investigation the Chanvad Governor finds that the council's or councillor's remaining in office would be detrimental to the municipality he may order suspension for a period not exceeding thirty days. The Changvad Governor shall report such order to the Minister of Interior within seven days and transmit hs findings to the Minister for the purpose of making any such ruling as the Minister may deem proper. Concerning the dismissal of a council or councillor from office this Act provides: Section 34. Not less than one third of the total members occupying office are entitled to file their complaint with the Nai Amphur in case of a Tambol municipality or with the Changvad Governor in case of Nuang or Nakorn municipality impeaching the municipal council or any municipal councillor for any act prejudicial to public order or welfare, non-feasance or misfeasance of office, or for conduct prejudicial to dignity or office or to the municipality or government service. If upon receiving such complaint the Nai Amphur or Changvad Governor, as the case may be, considers it proper to call for a resolution as to whether or not such a complaint should be forwarded to the Ministry of Interior he shall call a meeting of the assembly to be attended by members of the council for a general debate on the matter and shall set in accordance with its resolution. Section 35. Upon receiving the complaint filed under the preceding section the Minister of Interior may dismiss it or dismiss the council or councillor from office. For this purpose a prior investigation may be ordered. - 9 - Regarding the suspension of a municipal council or councillor, the Municipality Act of B.E. 2496 provides: Section 48. Pending the investigation of a complaint against the municipal council or councillor for any act prejudicial to public order to welfare, for non-feasance or misfeasance of office or for conduct prejudicial to dignity or office or to the municipality or government services, if after investigation the Chanvad Governor finds that the council's or councillor's remaining in office would be detrimental to the municipality he may order suspension for a period not exceeding thirty days. The Changvad Governor shall report such order to the Minister of Interior within seven days and transmit hs findings to the Minister for the purpose of making any such ruling as the Minister may deem proper. Concerning the dismissal of a council or councillor from office this Act provides: Section 34. Not less than one third of the total members occupying office are entitled to file their complaint with the Nai Amphur in case of a Tambol municipality or with the Changvad Governor in case of Nuang or Nakorn municipality impeaching the municipal council or any municipal councillor for any act prejudicial to public order or welfare, non-feasance or misfeasance of office, or for conduct prejudicial to dignity or office or to the municipality or government service. If upon receiving such complaint the Nai Amphur or Changvad Governor, as the case may be, considers it proper to call for a resolution as to whether or not such a complaint should be forwarded to the Ministry of Interior he shall call a meeting of the assembly to be attended by members of the council for a general debate on the matter and shall set in accordance with its resolution. Section 35. Upon receiving the complaint filed under the preceding section the Minister of Interior may dismiss it or dismiss the council or councillor from office. For this purpose a prior investigation may be ordered. - 9 - Regarding the suspension of a municipal council or councillor, the Municipality Act of B.E. 2496 provides: Section 48. Pending the investigation of a complaint against the municipal council or councillor for any act prejudicial to public order to welfare, for non-feasance or misfeasance of office or for conduct prejudicial to dignity or office or to the municipality or government services, if after investigation the Chanvad Governor finds that the council's or councillor's remaining in office would be detrimental to the municipality he may order suspension for a period not exceeding thirty days. The Changvad Governor shall report such order to the Minister of Interior within seven days and transmit hs findings to the Minister for the purpose of making any such ruling as the Minister may deem proper. Concerning the dismissal of a council or councillor from office this Act provides: Section 34. Not less than one third of the total members occupying office are entitled to file their complaint with the Nai Amphur in case of a Tambol municipality or with the Changvad Governor in case of Nuang or Nakorn municipality impeaching the municipal council or any municipal councillor for any act prejudicial to public order or welfare, non-feasance or misfeasance of office, or for conduct prejudicial to dignity or office or to the municipality or government service. If upon receiving such complaint the Nai Amphur or Changvad Governor, as the case may be, considers it proper to call for a resolution as to whether or not such a complaint should be forwarded to the Ministry of Interior he shall call a meeting of the assembly to be attended by members of the council for a general debate on the matter and shall set in accordance with its resolution. Section 35. Upon receiving the complaint filed under the preceding section the Minister of Interior may dismiss it or dismiss the council or councillor from office. For this purpose a prior investigation may be ordered. - 9 - Regarding the suspension of a municipal council or councillor, the Municipality Act of B.E. 2496 provides: Section 48. Pending the investigation of a complaint against the municipal council or councillor for any act prejudicial to public order to welfare, for non-feasance or misfeasance of office or for conduct prejudicial to dignity or office or to the municipality or government services, if after investigation the Chanvad Governor finds that the council's or councillor's remaining in office would be detrimental to the municipality he may order suspension for a period not exceeding thirty days. The Changvad Governor shall report such order to the Minister of Interior within seven days and transmit hs findings to the Minister for the purpose of making any such ruling as the Minister may deem proper. Concerning the dismissal of a council or councillor from office this Act provides: Section 34. Not less than one third of the total members occupying office are entitled to file their complaint with the Nai Amphur in case of a Tambol municipality or with the Changvad Governor in case of Nuang or Nakorn municipality impeaching the municipal council or any municipal councillor for any act prejudicial to public order or welfare, non-feasance or misfeasance of office, or for conduct prejudicial to dignity or office or to the municipality or government service. If upon receiving such complaint the Nai Amphur or Changvad Governor, as the case may be, considers it proper to call for a resolution as to whether or not such a complaint should be forwarded to the Ministry of Interior he shall call a meeting of the assembly to be attended by members of the council for a general debate on the matter and shall set in accordance with its resolution. Section 35. Upon receiving the complaint filed under the preceding section the Minister of Interior may dismiss it or dismiss the council or councillor from office. For this purpose a prior investigation may be ordered. - 9 - Regarding the suspension of a municipal council or councillor, the Municipality Act of B.E. 2496 provides: Section 48. Pending the investigation of a complaint against the municipal council or councillor for any act prejudicial to public order to welfare, for non-feasance or misfeasance of office or for conduct prejudicial to dignity or office or to the municipality or government services, if after investigation the Chanvad Governor finds that the council's or councillor's remaining in office would be detrimental to the municipality he may order suspension for a period not exceeding thirty days. The Changvad Governor shall report such order to the Minister of Interior within seven days and transmit hs findings to the Minister for the purpose of making any such ruling as the Minister may deem proper. Concerning the dismissal of a council or councillor from office this Act provides: Section 34. Not less than one third of the total members occupying office are entitled to file their complaint with the Nai Amphur in case of a Tambol municipality or with the Changvad Governor in case of Nuang or Nakorn municipality impeaching the municipal council or any municipal councillor for any act prejudicial to public order or welfare, non-feasance or misfeasance of office, or for conduct prejudicial to dignity or office or to the municipality or government service. If upon receiving such complaint the Nai Amphur or Changvad Governor, as the case may be, considers it proper to call for a resolution as to whether or not such a complaint should be forwarded to the Ministry of Interior he shall call a meeting of the assembly to be attended by members of the council for a general debate on the matter and shall set in accordance with its resolution. Section 35. Upon receiving the complaint filed under the preceding section the Minister of Interior may dismiss it or dismiss the council or councillor from office. For this purpose a prior investigation may be ordered. - 10 - Besides this, the conduct of a municipal council or councillor is under further control. The same Act provides: Section 73. If the Changvad Governor considers that the conduct of a municipal council or councillor is prejudicial to public order or welfare, or that the same is guilty of non-feasance or misfeasance of office or its likely to be prejudicial to the dignity or office or to the municipality or government service he shall report the matter to the Minister of Interior with evidence. The latter may dismiss the council or councillor from office. As regards the power to dissolve the municipal assembly, this Act provides: Section 74. The Minister of Interior has power to dissolve any municipal assembly and order an election of new members. The said order must provide for the election and nomination of new members within ninety days. It is to be noted that in B.E. 2502 there was a Loyal Decree 14/ which placed the Bankok and Thonburi Nakhon municipalities under the direct control and supervision of the Ministry of the Interior. Chuachat Wongsekeo Far Eastern Law Division Law Library Library of Congress February 19, 1963 CA:js 14/ Royal Thai Government Gazette (International Translations), Vol. 2, No. CLXX, January 14, 1960.- 10 - Besides this, the conduct of a municipal council or councillor is under further control. The same Act provides: Section 73. If the Changvad Governor considers that the conduct of a municipal council or councillor is prejudicial to public order or welfare, or that the same is guilty of non-feasance or misfeasance of office or its likely to be prejudicial to the dignity or office or to the municipality or government service he shall report the matter to the Minister of Interior with evidence. The latter may dismiss the council or councillor from office. As regards the power to dissolve the municipal assembly, this Act provides: Section 74. The Minister of Interior has power to dissolve any municipal assembly and order an election of new members. The said order must provide for the election and nomination of new members within ninety days. It is to be noted that in B.E. 2502 there was a Loyal Decree 14/ which placed the Bankok and Thonburi Nakhon municipalities under the direct control and supervision of the Ministry of the Interior. Chuachat Wongsekeo Far Eastern Law Division Law Library Library of Congress February 19, 1963 CA:js 14/ Royal Thai Government Gazette (International Translations), Vol. 2, No. CLXX, January 14, 1960.- 10 - Besides this, the conduct of a municipal council or councillor is under further control. The same Act provides: Section 73. If the Changvad Governor considers that the conduct of a municipal council or councillor is prejudicial to public order or welfare, or that the same is guilty of non-feasance or misfeasance of office or its likely to be prejudicial to the dignity or office or to the municipality or government service he shall report the matter to the Minister of Interior with evidence. The latter may dismiss the council or councillor from office. As regards the power to dissolve the municipal assembly, this Act provides: Section 74. The Minister of Interior has power to dissolve any municipal assembly and order an election of new members. The said order must provide for the election and nomination of new members within ninety days. It is to be noted that in B.E. 2502 there was a Loyal Decree 14/ which placed the Bankok and Thonburi Nakhon municipalities under the direct control and supervision of the Ministry of the Interior. Chuachat Wongsekeo Far Eastern Law Division Law Library Library of Congress February 19, 1963 CA:js 14/ Royal Thai Government Gazette (International Translations), Vol. 2, No. CLXX, January 14, 1960.- 10 - Besides this, the conduct of a municipal council or councillor is under further control. The same Act provides: Section 73. If the Changvad Governor considers that the conduct of a municipal council or councillor is prejudicial to public order or welfare, or that the same is guilty of non-feasance or misfeasance of office or its likely to be prejudicial to the dignity or office or to the municipality or government service he shall report the matter to the Minister of Interior with evidence. The latter may dismiss the council or councillor from office. As regards the power to dissolve the municipal assembly, this Act provides: Section 74. The Minister of Interior has power to dissolve any municipal assembly and order an election of new members. The said order must provide for the election and nomination of new members within ninety days. It is to be noted that in B.E. 2502 there was a Loyal Decree 14/ which placed the Bankok and Thonburi Nakhon municipalities under the direct control and supervision of the Ministry of the Interior. Chuachat Wongsekeo Far Eastern Law Division Law Library Library of Congress February 19, 1963 CA:js 14/ Royal Thai Government Gazette (International Translations), Vol. 2, No. CLXX, January 14, 1960.- 10 - Besides this, the conduct of a municipal council or councillor is under further control. The same Act provides: Section 73. If the Changvad Governor considers that the conduct of a municipal council or councillor is prejudicial to public order or welfare, or that the same is guilty of non-feasance or misfeasance of office or its likely to be prejudicial to the dignity or office or to the municipality or government service he shall report the matter to the Minister of Interior with evidence. The latter may dismiss the council or councillor from office. As regards the power to dissolve the municipal assembly, this Act provides: Section 74. The Minister of Interior has power to dissolve any municipal assembly and order an election of new members. The said order must provide for the election and nomination of new members within ninety days. It is to be noted that in B.E. 2502 there was a Loyal Decree 14/ which placed the Bankok and Thonburi Nakhon municipalities under the direct control and supervision of the Ministry of the Interior. Chuachat Wongsekeo Far Eastern Law Division Law Library Library of Congress February 19, 1963 CA:js 14/ Royal Thai Government Gazette (International Translations), Vol. 2, No. CLXX, January 14, 1960.