LAWS OUTLAWING THE COMMUNIST PARTY: THAILAND In Thailand the Communist Party is outlawed by the Anti-Communist Activities Act B.E. 2495 (1952) in which party membership per se is made punishable. In addition, in the Penal Code the sections concerning the security of the Kingdom and concerning public peace may also be considered applicable in certain cases. Also, at present Thailand is under martial law; and all political parties and political meetings are prohibited. The pertinent provisions of the statutes concerning communist activities are cited below. The Anti-Communist Activities Act B. E. 2495 1/ which was given on the 13th of November B. E. 2495 (1952) provides as follows: Secs. 1 & 2. [Omitted.] Sec. 3 In this Act "Communist organization" means any group of persons or association of persons which has as its object the carrying on of Communist activities, whether directly or not; "Communist activities" mean (a) The overthrow of the democratic form of government with the King as the Head of State, or (b) The changing of the national economic system whereby private ownership or means of production is expropriated to the State by forfeiture or otherwise without payment of just compensation, or ________________ 1) "Anti Communist Activities Act B. E. 2495," Dhonburi, Thailand, Translation & Secretarial Office.LAWS OUTLAWING THE COMMUNIST PARTY: THAILAND In Thailand the Communist Party is outlawed by the Anti-Communist Activities Act B.E. 2495 (1952) in which party membership per se is made punishable. In addition, in the Penal Code the sections concerning the security of the Kingdom and concerning public peace may also be considered applicable in certain cases. Also, at present Thailand is under martial law; and all political parties and political meetings are prohibited. The pertinent provisions of the statutes concerning communist activities are cited below. The Anti-Communist Activities Act B. E. 2495 1/ which was given on the 13th of November B. E. 2495 (1952) provides as follows: Secs. 1 & 2. [Omitted.] Sec. 3 In this Act "Communist organization" means any group of persons or association of persons which has as its object the carrying on of Communist activities, whether directly or not; "Communist activities" mean (a) The overthrow of the democratic form of government with the King as the Head of State, or (b) The changing of the national economic system whereby private ownership or means of production is expropriated to the State by forfeiture or otherwise without payment of just compensation, or ________________ 1) "Anti Communist Activities Act B. E. 2495," Dhonburi, Thailand, Translation & Secretarial Office.LAWS OUTLAWING THE COMMUNIST PARTY: THAILAND In Thailand the Communist Party is outlawed by the Anti-Communist Activities Act B.E. 2495 (1952) in which party membership per se is made punishable. In addition, in the Penal Code the sections concerning the security of the Kingdom and concerning public peace may also be considered applicable in certain cases. Also, at present Thailand is under martial law; and all political parties and political meetings are prohibited. The pertinent provisions of the statutes concerning communist activities are cited below. The Anti-Communist Activities Act B. E. 2495 1/ which was given on the 13th of November B. E. 2495 (1952) provides as follows: Secs. 1 & 2. [Omitted.] Sec. 3 In this Act "Communist organization" means any group of persons or association of persons which has as its object the carrying on of Communist activities, whether directly or not; "Communist activities" mean (a) The overthrow of the democratic form of government with the King as the Head of State, or (b) The changing of the national economic system whereby private ownership or means of production is expropriated to the State by forfeiture or otherwise without payment of just compensation, or ________________ 1) "Anti Communist Activities Act B. E. 2495," Dhonburi, Thailand, Translation & Secretarial Office.LAWS OUTLAWING THE COMMUNIST PARTY: THAILAND In Thailand the Communist Party is outlawed by the Anti-Communist Activities Act B.E. 2495 (1952) in which party membership per se is made punishable. In addition, in the Penal Code the sections concerning the security of the Kingdom and concerning public peace may also be considered applicable in certain cases. Also, at present Thailand is under martial law; and all political parties and political meetings are prohibited. The pertinent provisions of the statutes concerning communist activities are cited below. The Anti-Communist Activities Act B. E. 2495 1/ which was given on the 13th of November B. E. 2495 (1952) provides as follows: Secs. 1 & 2. [Omitted.] Sec. 3 In this Act "Communist organization" means any group of persons or association of persons which has as its object the carrying on of Communist activities, whether directly or not; "Communist activities" mean (a) The overthrow of the democratic form of government with the King as the Head of State, or (b) The changing of the national economic system whereby private ownership or means of production is expropriated to the State by forfeiture or otherwise without payment of just compensation, or ________________ 1) "Anti Communist Activities Act B. E. 2495," Dhonburi, Thailand, Translation & Secretarial Office.LAWS OUTLAWING THE COMMUNIST PARTY: THAILAND In Thailand the Communist Party is outlawed by the Anti-Communist Activities Act B.E. 2495 (1952) in which party membership per se is made punishable. In addition, in the Penal Code the sections concerning the security of the Kingdom and concerning public peace may also be considered applicable in certain cases. Also, at present Thailand is under martial law; and all political parties and political meetings are prohibited. The pertinent provisions of the statutes concerning communist activities are cited below. The Anti-Communist Activities Act B. E. 2495 1/ which was given on the 13th of November B. E. 2495 (1952) provides as follows: Secs. 1 & 2. [Omitted.] Sec. 3 In this Act "Communist organization" means any group of persons or association of persons which has as its object the carrying on of Communist activities, whether directly or not; "Communist activities" mean (a) The overthrow of the democratic form of government with the King as the Head of State, or (b) The changing of the national economic system whereby private ownership or means of production is expropriated to the State by forfeiture or otherwise without payment of just compensation, or ________________ 1) "Anti Communist Activities Act B. E. 2495," Dhonburi, Thailand, Translation & Secretarial Office.- 2 - (c) Any act of intimidation, sabotage or deceitful means such as to forment hatred among members of the public if calculated to enforce, assist, support or prosecute the object desired in (a) or (b). Sec. 4. Whoever is engaged in Communist activities shall be punished with imprisonment from ten years up to life imprisonment. Sec. 5. Whoever incites, advises, encourgages, conducts a propaganda, holds any secret meeting, joins any association, allows, enters into any agreement with others or makes any preparation with an intent to carry on Communist activities or knowingly of any commission of offence against this Act, present or future, assists in keeping it secret shall be punished with imprisonment from five to ten years. All printing presses and other properties connected with the commission of any offence under the preceding paragraph shall be forfeited. Sec. 6. Whoever is a member of any Communist organization shall be punished with imprisonment from five to ten years. Whoever serves as principal, manager or officer of any Communist organization shall be punished with imprisonment from ten to fifteen years. Sec. 7. Any Thai national who commits any of the offences punishable under Section 4 or 5 abroad or is a member of any Communist organization established abroad shall be punished with the same penalty therein provided. Sec. 8. Whoever attends any Communist meeting shall be presumed to be member of the Communist organization calling the meeting unless he can prove that he did so in ignorance of its nature and object. Sec. 9. Whoever assists any Communist organization or member of a Communist organization in any of the following manners: (1) By providing lodging or place of meeting;- 2 - (c) Any act of intimidation, sabotage or deceitful means such as to forment hatred among members of the public if calculated to enforce, assist, support or prosecute the object desired in (a) or (b). Sec. 4. Whoever is engaged in Communist activities shall be punished with imprisonment from ten years up to life imprisonment. Sec. 5. Whoever incites, advises, encourgages, conducts a propaganda, holds any secret meeting, joins any association, allows, enters into any agreement with others or makes any preparation with an intent to carry on Communist activities or knowingly of any commission of offence against this Act, present or future, assists in keeping it secret shall be punished with imprisonment from five to ten years. All printing presses and other properties connected with the commission of any offence under the preceding paragraph shall be forfeited. Sec. 6. Whoever is a member of any Communist organization shall be punished with imprisonment from five to ten years. Whoever serves as principal, manager or officer of any Communist organization shall be punished with imprisonment from ten to fifteen years. Sec. 7. Any Thai national who commits any of the offences punishable under Section 4 or 5 abroad or is a member of any Communist organization established abroad shall be punished with the same penalty therein provided. Sec. 8. Whoever attends any Communist meeting shall be presumed to be member of the Communist organization calling the meeting unless he can prove that he did so in ignorance of its nature and object. Sec. 9. Whoever assists any Communist organization or member of a Communist organization in any of the following manners: (1) By providing lodging or place of meeting;- 2 - (c) Any act of intimidation, sabotage or deceitful means such as to forment hatred among members of the public if calculated to enforce, assist, support or prosecute the object desired in (a) or (b). Sec. 4. Whoever is engaged in Communist activities shall be punished with imprisonment from ten years up to life imprisonment. Sec. 5. Whoever incites, advises, encourgages, conducts a propaganda, holds any secret meeting, joins any association, allows, enters into any agreement with others or makes any preparation with an intent to carry on Communist activities or knowingly of any commission of offence against this Act, present or future, assists in keeping it secret shall be punished with imprisonment from five to ten years. All printing presses and other properties connected with the commission of any offence under the preceding paragraph shall be forfeited. Sec. 6. Whoever is a member of any Communist organization shall be punished with imprisonment from five to ten years. Whoever serves as principal, manager or officer of any Communist organization shall be punished with imprisonment from ten to fifteen years. Sec. 7. Any Thai national who commits any of the offences punishable under Section 4 or 5 abroad or is a member of any Communist organization established abroad shall be punished with the same penalty therein provided. Sec. 8. Whoever attends any Communist meeting shall be presumed to be member of the Communist organization calling the meeting unless he can prove that he did so in ignorance of its nature and object. Sec. 9. Whoever assists any Communist organization or member of a Communist organization in any of the following manners: (1) By providing lodging or place of meeting;- 2 - (c) Any act of intimidation, sabotage or deceitful means such as to forment hatred among members of the public if calculated to enforce, assist, support or prosecute the object desired in (a) or (b). Sec. 4. Whoever is engaged in Communist activities shall be punished with imprisonment from ten years up to life imprisonment. Sec. 5. Whoever incites, advises, encourgages, conducts a propaganda, holds any secret meeting, joins any association, allows, enters into any agreement with others or makes any preparation with an intent to carry on Communist activities or knowingly of any commission of offence against this Act, present or future, assists in keeping it secret shall be punished with imprisonment from five to ten years. All printing presses and other properties connected with the commission of any offence under the preceding paragraph shall be forfeited. Sec. 6. Whoever is a member of any Communist organization shall be punished with imprisonment from five to ten years. Whoever serves as principal, manager or officer of any Communist organization shall be punished with imprisonment from ten to fifteen years. Sec. 7. Any Thai national who commits any of the offences punishable under Section 4 or 5 abroad or is a member of any Communist organization established abroad shall be punished with the same penalty therein provided. Sec. 8. Whoever attends any Communist meeting shall be presumed to be member of the Communist organization calling the meeting unless he can prove that he did so in ignorance of its nature and object. Sec. 9. Whoever assists any Communist organization or member of a Communist organization in any of the following manners: (1) By providing lodging or place of meeting;- 2 - (c) Any act of intimidation, sabotage or deceitful means such as to forment hatred among members of the public if calculated to enforce, assist, support or prosecute the object desired in (a) or (b). Sec. 4. Whoever is engaged in Communist activities shall be punished with imprisonment from ten years up to life imprisonment. Sec. 5. Whoever incites, advises, encourgages, conducts a propaganda, holds any secret meeting, joins any association, allows, enters into any agreement with others or makes any preparation with an intent to carry on Communist activities or knowingly of any commission of offence against this Act, present or future, assists in keeping it secret shall be punished with imprisonment from five to ten years. All printing presses and other properties connected with the commission of any offence under the preceding paragraph shall be forfeited. Sec. 6. Whoever is a member of any Communist organization shall be punished with imprisonment from five to ten years. Whoever serves as principal, manager or officer of any Communist organization shall be punished with imprisonment from ten to fifteen years. Sec. 7. Any Thai national who commits any of the offences punishable under Section 4 or 5 abroad or is a member of any Communist organization established abroad shall be punished with the same penalty therein provided. Sec. 8. Whoever attends any Communist meeting shall be presumed to be member of the Communist organization calling the meeting unless he can prove that he did so in ignorance of its nature and object. Sec. 9. Whoever assists any Communist organization or member of a Communist organization in any of the following manners: (1) By providing lodging or place of meeting;- 3 - (2) By inducing any person to become member or sympathizer; (3) By giving financial or other assistance; shall be punished with imprisonment from five to ten years. Sec. 10. Whenever an offence is committed by a member of Communist organization in prosecution of the object of the organization the person serving as principal, manager or officer of the organization and any member thereof who is present at the commission of the offence or at the meeting where the commission of the offence was decided upon shall be punished with the penalty prescribed for such offence. Sec. 11. Whoever, by the use of violence or threat of violence to person, property or reputation or by false imprisonment or threat of false imprisonment or by any other act of intimidation compels another person to carry out the order of Communist organization or to do any other thing in prosecution of the object of such organization shall be punished with imprisonment from five to ten years. The Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group, No. 12, 2/ proclaimed on the 22nd October 2501 (1958) states as follows: 1. In all cases involving a charge under the Anti- Communist Act B.E. 2495, whether or not including charges for other offences, and whether or not the accused was under detention on, before or after the date of this proclamation, the investigation authorities shall have power to detain the accused throughout the period of investigation without having to act in conformity with the provisions of law concerning the period during which an accused may be detained. 2. All cases including a charge as stated in Clause 1 shall lie within the jurisdiction of the military courts, whether or not the offence was committed on, before, or after the date of the proclamation of marital law on the 20th October 2501. 3. This order does not apply to cases being tried on the date of this proclamation. __________________ 2/ "Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group, No. 12," Royal Thai Government Gazette, Vol. 2, No. 115, Nov. 21, 1958, p. 665.- 3 - (2) By inducing any person to become member or sympathizer; (3) By giving financial or other assistance; shall be punished with imprisonment from five to ten years. Sec. 10. Whenever an offence is committed by a member of Communist organization in prosecution of the object of the organization the person serving as principal, manager or officer of the organization and any member thereof who is present at the commission of the offence or at the meeting where the commission of the offence was decided upon shall be punished with the penalty prescribed for such offence. Sec. 11. Whoever, by the use of violence or threat of violence to person, property or reputation or by false imprisonment or threat of false imprisonment or by any other act of intimidation compels another person to carry out the order of Communist organization or to do any other thing in prosecution of the object of such organization shall be punished with imprisonment from five to ten years. The Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group, No. 12, 2/ proclaimed on the 22nd October 2501 (1958) states as follows: 1. In all cases involving a charge under the Anti- Communist Act B.E. 2495, whether or not including charges for other offences, and whether or not the accused was under detention on, before or after the date of this proclamation, the investigation authorities shall have power to detain the accused throughout the period of investigation without having to act in conformity with the provisions of law concerning the period during which an accused may be detained. 2. All cases including a charge as stated in Clause 1 shall lie within the jurisdiction of the military courts, whether or not the offence was committed on, before, or after the date of the proclamation of marital law on the 20th October 2501. 3. This order does not apply to cases being tried on the date of this proclamation. __________________ 2/ "Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group, No. 12," Royal Thai Government Gazette, Vol. 2, No. 115, Nov. 21, 1958, p. 665.- 3 - (2) By inducing any person to become member or sympathizer; (3) By giving financial or other assistance; shall be punished with imprisonment from five to ten years. Sec. 10. Whenever an offence is committed by a member of Communist organization in prosecution of the object of the organization the person serving as principal, manager or officer of the organization and any member thereof who is present at the commission of the offence or at the meeting where the commission of the offence was decided upon shall be punished with the penalty prescribed for such offence. Sec. 11. Whoever, by the use of violence or threat of violence to person, property or reputation or by false imprisonment or threat of false imprisonment or by any other act of intimidation compels another person to carry out the order of Communist organization or to do any other thing in prosecution of the object of such organization shall be punished with imprisonment from five to ten years. The Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group, No. 12, 2/ proclaimed on the 22nd October 2501 (1958) states as follows: 1. In all cases involving a charge under the Anti- Communist Act B.E. 2495, whether or not including charges for other offences, and whether or not the accused was under detention on, before or after the date of this proclamation, the investigation authorities shall have power to detain the accused throughout the period of investigation without having to act in conformity with the provisions of law concerning the period during which an accused may be detained. 2. All cases including a charge as stated in Clause 1 shall lie within the jurisdiction of the military courts, whether or not the offence was committed on, before, or after the date of the proclamation of marital law on the 20th October 2501. 3. This order does not apply to cases being tried on the date of this proclamation. __________________ 2/ "Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group, No. 12," Royal Thai Government Gazette, Vol. 2, No. 115, Nov. 21, 1958, p. 665.- 3 - (2) By inducing any person to become member or sympathizer; (3) By giving financial or other assistance; shall be punished with imprisonment from five to ten years. Sec. 10. Whenever an offence is committed by a member of Communist organization in prosecution of the object of the organization the person serving as principal, manager or officer of the organization and any member thereof who is present at the commission of the offence or at the meeting where the commission of the offence was decided upon shall be punished with the penalty prescribed for such offence. Sec. 11. Whoever, by the use of violence or threat of violence to person, property or reputation or by false imprisonment or threat of false imprisonment or by any other act of intimidation compels another person to carry out the order of Communist organization or to do any other thing in prosecution of the object of such organization shall be punished with imprisonment from five to ten years. The Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group, No. 12, 2/ proclaimed on the 22nd October 2501 (1958) states as follows: 1. In all cases involving a charge under the Anti- Communist Act B.E. 2495, whether or not including charges for other offences, and whether or not the accused was under detention on, before or after the date of this proclamation, the investigation authorities shall have power to detain the accused throughout the period of investigation without having to act in conformity with the provisions of law concerning the period during which an accused may be detained. 2. All cases including a charge as stated in Clause 1 shall lie within the jurisdiction of the military courts, whether or not the offence was committed on, before, or after the date of the proclamation of marital law on the 20th October 2501. 3. This order does not apply to cases being tried on the date of this proclamation. __________________ 2/ "Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group, No. 12," Royal Thai Government Gazette, Vol. 2, No. 115, Nov. 21, 1958, p. 665.- 3 - (2) By inducing any person to become member or sympathizer; (3) By giving financial or other assistance; shall be punished with imprisonment from five to ten years. Sec. 10. Whenever an offence is committed by a member of Communist organization in prosecution of the object of the organization the person serving as principal, manager or officer of the organization and any member thereof who is present at the commission of the offence or at the meeting where the commission of the offence was decided upon shall be punished with the penalty prescribed for such offence. Sec. 11. Whoever, by the use of violence or threat of violence to person, property or reputation or by false imprisonment or threat of false imprisonment or by any other act of intimidation compels another person to carry out the order of Communist organization or to do any other thing in prosecution of the object of such organization shall be punished with imprisonment from five to ten years. The Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group, No. 12, 2/ proclaimed on the 22nd October 2501 (1958) states as follows: 1. In all cases involving a charge under the Anti- Communist Act B.E. 2495, whether or not including charges for other offences, and whether or not the accused was under detention on, before or after the date of this proclamation, the investigation authorities shall have power to detain the accused throughout the period of investigation without having to act in conformity with the provisions of law concerning the period during which an accused may be detained. 2. All cases including a charge as stated in Clause 1 shall lie within the jurisdiction of the military courts, whether or not the offence was committed on, before, or after the date of the proclamation of marital law on the 20th October 2501. 3. This order does not apply to cases being tried on the date of this proclamation. __________________ 2/ "Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group, No. 12," Royal Thai Government Gazette, Vol. 2, No. 115, Nov. 21, 1958, p. 665.- 4 - The Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group, No. 13, 3/ proclaimed the 22nd October 2501 (1956) states as follows: Whereas martial law was proclaimed throughout the kingdom as of the 20th October 2501, at 21:13 hours, and whereas it is proper to forbid certain acts, Therefore, political meetings at any place of five or more persons are forbidden. In case of an offence, the authorities shall make arrests and conduct an investigation to determine guilt. Effective immediately. Section 17 of the Interim Constitution of B.E. 2502 (1959) provides as follows: During the enforcement of the present Constitution, wherever the Prime Minister deems appropriate for the purpose of repressing or suppressing actions whether of internal or external origin which jeopardize the national security or the Throne or subvert or threaten law and order, the Prime Minister, by revolution of the Council of Ministers, is empowered to issue orders or take steps accordingly. Such orders or steps shall be considered legal. The Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences Against the Anti-Communist Activities Law B.E. 2505 (1962), 4/ given on the 28th day of August B.E. 2505 (1962) provides as follows: Sec. 1. [Omitted.] Sec. 2. This Act shall come into force on and from the day following its publication in the Government Gazete. Sec. 3. Any person charged with an offence against the anti-Communist activities law and detained by investigation officers under Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group No. 12, who thinks his detention unlawful, shall be entitled to petition the Minister of Interior for an order of release -------------------------- 3/ Ibid. 4/ "Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences Against the Anti-Communist Activities Law. B.E. 2505," Royal Thai Government Gazette, Vol. 2, No. 297, Sept. 7, 1962.- 4 - The Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group, No. 13, 3/ proclaimed the 22nd October 2501 (1956) states as follows: Whereas martial law was proclaimed throughout the kingdom as of the 20th October 2501, at 21:13 hours, and whereas it is proper to forbid certain acts, Therefore, political meetings at any place of five or more persons are forbidden. In case of an offence, the authorities shall make arrests and conduct an investigation to determine guilt. Effective immediately. Section 17 of the Interim Constitution of B.E. 2502 (1959) provides as follows: During the enforcement of the present Constitution, wherever the Prime Minister deems appropriate for the purpose of repressing or suppressing actions whether of internal or external origin which jeopardize the national security or the Throne or subvert or threaten law and order, the Prime Minister, by revolution of the Council of Ministers, is empowered to issue orders or take steps accordingly. Such orders or steps shall be considered legal. The Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences Against the Anti-Communist Activities Law B.E. 2505 (1962), 4/ given on the 28th day of August B.E. 2505 (1962) provides as follows: Sec. 1. [Omitted.] Sec. 2. This Act shall come into force on and from the day following its publication in the Government Gazete. Sec. 3. Any person charged with an offence against the anti-Communist activities law and detained by investigation officers under Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group No. 12, who thinks his detention unlawful, shall be entitled to petition the Minister of Interior for an order of release -------------------------- 3/ Ibid. 4/ "Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences Against the Anti-Communist Activities Law. B.E. 2505," Royal Thai Government Gazette, Vol. 2, No. 297, Sept. 7, 1962.- 4 - The Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group, No. 13, 3/ proclaimed the 22nd October 2501 (1956) states as follows: Whereas martial law was proclaimed throughout the kingdom as of the 20th October 2501, at 21:13 hours, and whereas it is proper to forbid certain acts, Therefore, political meetings at any place of five or more persons are forbidden. In case of an offence, the authorities shall make arrests and conduct an investigation to determine guilt. Effective immediately. Section 17 of the Interim Constitution of B.E. 2502 (1959) provides as follows: During the enforcement of the present Constitution, wherever the Prime Minister deems appropriate for the purpose of repressing or suppressing actions whether of internal or external origin which jeopardize the national security or the Throne or subvert or threaten law and order, the Prime Minister, by revolution of the Council of Ministers, is empowered to issue orders or take steps accordingly. Such orders or steps shall be considered legal. The Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences Against the Anti-Communist Activities Law B.E. 2505 (1962), 4/ given on the 28th day of August B.E. 2505 (1962) provides as follows: Sec. 1. [Omitted.] Sec. 2. This Act shall come into force on and from the day following its publication in the Government Gazete. Sec. 3. Any person charged with an offence against the anti-Communist activities law and detained by investigation officers under Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group No. 12, who thinks his detention unlawful, shall be entitled to petition the Minister of Interior for an order of release -------------------------- 3/ Ibid. 4/ "Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences Against the Anti-Communist Activities Law. B.E. 2505," Royal Thai Government Gazette, Vol. 2, No. 297, Sept. 7, 1962.- 4 - The Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group, No. 13, 3/ proclaimed the 22nd October 2501 (1956) states as follows: Whereas martial law was proclaimed throughout the kingdom as of the 20th October 2501, at 21:13 hours, and whereas it is proper to forbid certain acts, Therefore, political meetings at any place of five or more persons are forbidden. In case of an offence, the authorities shall make arrests and conduct an investigation to determine guilt. Effective immediately. Section 17 of the Interim Constitution of B.E. 2502 (1959) provides as follows: During the enforcement of the present Constitution, wherever the Prime Minister deems appropriate for the purpose of repressing or suppressing actions whether of internal or external origin which jeopardize the national security or the Throne or subvert or threaten law and order, the Prime Minister, by revolution of the Council of Ministers, is empowered to issue orders or take steps accordingly. Such orders or steps shall be considered legal. The Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences Against the Anti-Communist Activities Law B.E. 2505 (1962), 4/ given on the 28th day of August B.E. 2505 (1962) provides as follows: Sec. 1. [Omitted.] Sec. 2. This Act shall come into force on and from the day following its publication in the Government Gazete. Sec. 3. Any person charged with an offence against the anti-Communist activities law and detained by investigation officers under Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group No. 12, who thinks his detention unlawful, shall be entitled to petition the Minister of Interior for an order of release -------------------------- 3/ Ibid. 4/ "Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences Against the Anti-Communist Activities Law. B.E. 2505," Royal Thai Government Gazette, Vol. 2, No. 297, Sept. 7, 1962.- 4 - The Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group, No. 13, 3/ proclaimed the 22nd October 2501 (1956) states as follows: Whereas martial law was proclaimed throughout the kingdom as of the 20th October 2501, at 21:13 hours, and whereas it is proper to forbid certain acts, Therefore, political meetings at any place of five or more persons are forbidden. In case of an offence, the authorities shall make arrests and conduct an investigation to determine guilt. Effective immediately. Section 17 of the Interim Constitution of B.E. 2502 (1959) provides as follows: During the enforcement of the present Constitution, wherever the Prime Minister deems appropriate for the purpose of repressing or suppressing actions whether of internal or external origin which jeopardize the national security or the Throne or subvert or threaten law and order, the Prime Minister, by revolution of the Council of Ministers, is empowered to issue orders or take steps accordingly. Such orders or steps shall be considered legal. The Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences Against the Anti-Communist Activities Law B.E. 2505 (1962), 4/ given on the 28th day of August B.E. 2505 (1962) provides as follows: Sec. 1. [Omitted.] Sec. 2. This Act shall come into force on and from the day following its publication in the Government Gazete. Sec. 3. Any person charged with an offence against the anti-Communist activities law and detained by investigation officers under Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group No. 12, who thinks his detention unlawful, shall be entitled to petition the Minister of Interior for an order of release -------------------------- 3/ Ibid. 4/ "Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences Against the Anti-Communist Activities Law. B.E. 2505," Royal Thai Government Gazette, Vol. 2, No. 297, Sept. 7, 1962.- 5 - from detention. The Minister of Interior shall consider and decide such petition within 30 days from the date of receipt thereof. Orders of the Minister of Interior to effect release or dismiss the petition shall be final. Section 90 of the Criminal Procedure Code shall not apply to the detention of persons charged with offences against the Anti-Communist Activities Act B.E. 2495 who have been detained by investigation officers under Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group No. 12. Sec. 4. The provisions of Section 3 shall apply to cases pending in the courts on the date this Act comes into force. Sec. 5. This Act shall be in force only as long as the Interim Constitution is in force and shall cease to have effect from the date such Interim Constitution ceases to have effect. Sec. 6. The Minister of Interior shall be in charge of the execution of this Act. The Act Amending Proclamation No. 12 of the Revolutionary Group B.E. 2506 (1963), 5/ given on the 24th day of January B.E. 2506 (1963) states as follows: Sec. 1. [Omitted.] Sec. 2. This Act shall come into force on and from the day following its publication in the Government Gazette. Sec. 3. Detention of persons charged with offences under the Anti-Communist Activities Act B.E. 2495 by a commanding officer under the laws on the constitution of military courts shall be deemed detention by investigation officers under Proclamation No. 12 of the Revolutionary Group. Sec. 4. The Minister of Defence shall be in charge and control of the execution of this Act. __________________ 5/ "Act Amending Proclamation No. 12 of the Revolutionary Group B.E. 2506," Royal Thai Government Gazette, Vol. 2, No. 317, Feb. 7, 1963, p. 75.- 5 - from detention. The Minister of Interior shall consider and decide such petition within 30 days from the date of receipt thereof. Orders of the Minister of Interior to effect release or dismiss the petition shall be final. Section 90 of the Criminal Procedure Code shall not apply to the detention of persons charged with offences against the Anti-Communist Activities Act B.E. 2495 who have been detained by investigation officers under Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group No. 12. Sec. 4. The provisions of Section 3 shall apply to cases pending in the courts on the date this Act comes into force. Sec. 5. This Act shall be in force only as long as the Interim Constitution is in force and shall cease to have effect from the date such Interim Constitution ceases to have effect. Sec. 6. The Minister of Interior shall be in charge of the execution of this Act. The Act Amending Proclamation No. 12 of the Revolutionary Group B.E. 2506 (1963), 5/ given on the 24th day of January B.E. 2506 (1963) states as follows: Sec. 1. [Omitted.] Sec. 2. This Act shall come into force on and from the day following its publication in the Government Gazette. Sec. 3. Detention of persons charged with offences under the Anti-Communist Activities Act B.E. 2495 by a commanding officer under the laws on the constitution of military courts shall be deemed detention by investigation officers under Proclamation No. 12 of the Revolutionary Group. Sec. 4. The Minister of Defence shall be in charge and control of the execution of this Act. __________________ 5/ "Act Amending Proclamation No. 12 of the Revolutionary Group B.E. 2506," Royal Thai Government Gazette, Vol. 2, No. 317, Feb. 7, 1963, p. 75.- 5 - from detention. The Minister of Interior shall consider and decide such petition within 30 days from the date of receipt thereof. Orders of the Minister of Interior to effect release or dismiss the petition shall be final. Section 90 of the Criminal Procedure Code shall not apply to the detention of persons charged with offences against the Anti-Communist Activities Act B.E. 2495 who have been detained by investigation officers under Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group No. 12. Sec. 4. The provisions of Section 3 shall apply to cases pending in the courts on the date this Act comes into force. Sec. 5. This Act shall be in force only as long as the Interim Constitution is in force and shall cease to have effect from the date such Interim Constitution ceases to have effect. Sec. 6. The Minister of Interior shall be in charge of the execution of this Act. The Act Amending Proclamation No. 12 of the Revolutionary Group B.E. 2506 (1963), 5/ given on the 24th day of January B.E. 2506 (1963) states as follows: Sec. 1. [Omitted.] Sec. 2. This Act shall come into force on and from the day following its publication in the Government Gazette. Sec. 3. Detention of persons charged with offences under the Anti-Communist Activities Act B.E. 2495 by a commanding officer under the laws on the constitution of military courts shall be deemed detention by investigation officers under Proclamation No. 12 of the Revolutionary Group. Sec. 4. The Minister of Defence shall be in charge and control of the execution of this Act. __________________ 5/ "Act Amending Proclamation No. 12 of the Revolutionary Group B.E. 2506," Royal Thai Government Gazette, Vol. 2, No. 317, Feb. 7, 1963, p. 75.- 5 - from detention. The Minister of Interior shall consider and decide such petition within 30 days from the date of receipt thereof. Orders of the Minister of Interior to effect release or dismiss the petition shall be final. Section 90 of the Criminal Procedure Code shall not apply to the detention of persons charged with offences against the Anti-Communist Activities Act B.E. 2495 who have been detained by investigation officers under Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group No. 12. Sec. 4. The provisions of Section 3 shall apply to cases pending in the courts on the date this Act comes into force. Sec. 5. This Act shall be in force only as long as the Interim Constitution is in force and shall cease to have effect from the date such Interim Constitution ceases to have effect. Sec. 6. The Minister of Interior shall be in charge of the execution of this Act. The Act Amending Proclamation No. 12 of the Revolutionary Group B.E. 2506 (1963), 5/ given on the 24th day of January B.E. 2506 (1963) states as follows: Sec. 1. [Omitted.] Sec. 2. This Act shall come into force on and from the day following its publication in the Government Gazette. Sec. 3. Detention of persons charged with offences under the Anti-Communist Activities Act B.E. 2495 by a commanding officer under the laws on the constitution of military courts shall be deemed detention by investigation officers under Proclamation No. 12 of the Revolutionary Group. Sec. 4. The Minister of Defence shall be in charge and control of the execution of this Act. __________________ 5/ "Act Amending Proclamation No. 12 of the Revolutionary Group B.E. 2506," Royal Thai Government Gazette, Vol. 2, No. 317, Feb. 7, 1963, p. 75.- 5 - from detention. The Minister of Interior shall consider and decide such petition within 30 days from the date of receipt thereof. Orders of the Minister of Interior to effect release or dismiss the petition shall be final. Section 90 of the Criminal Procedure Code shall not apply to the detention of persons charged with offences against the Anti-Communist Activities Act B.E. 2495 who have been detained by investigation officers under Proclamation of the Revolutionary Group No. 12. Sec. 4. The provisions of Section 3 shall apply to cases pending in the courts on the date this Act comes into force. Sec. 5. This Act shall be in force only as long as the Interim Constitution is in force and shall cease to have effect from the date such Interim Constitution ceases to have effect. Sec. 6. The Minister of Interior shall be in charge of the execution of this Act. The Act Amending Proclamation No. 12 of the Revolutionary Group B.E. 2506 (1963), 5/ given on the 24th day of January B.E. 2506 (1963) states as follows: Sec. 1. [Omitted.] Sec. 2. This Act shall come into force on and from the day following its publication in the Government Gazette. Sec. 3. Detention of persons charged with offences under the Anti-Communist Activities Act B.E. 2495 by a commanding officer under the laws on the constitution of military courts shall be deemed detention by investigation officers under Proclamation No. 12 of the Revolutionary Group. Sec. 4. The Minister of Defence shall be in charge and control of the execution of this Act. __________________ 5/ "Act Amending Proclamation No. 12 of the Revolutionary Group B.E. 2506," Royal Thai Government Gazette, Vol. 2, No. 317, Feb. 7, 1963, p. 75.- 6 - The Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences Against the Anti-Communist Activities Law (No. 2) B.E. 2506 (1963) 6/ given on the 24th day of January B.E. 2506 (1963) states as follows: Sec. 1. [Omitted.] Sec. 2. This Act shall come into force on and from the day following its publication in the Government Gazette. Sec. 3. The provisions of Section 3 of the Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences against the Anti- Communist Activities Law B.E. 2505 shall apply to cases in which a commanding officer has ordered the detention of persons subject to the jurisdiction of military courts charged with offences against the Anti-Communist activities law, except that the powers and duties of the Minister of Interior shall be those of the Minister of Defence, subject to Section 3 of the Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences against the Anti-Communist Activities Law B.E. 2505. Sec. 4. The Minister of Defence shall be in charge and control of the execution of this Act. Prepared by: Miss Sirihanya Banchong-Silpa Far Eastern Law Division Law Library Library of Congress __________________ 6/ Ibid, p. 76.- 6 - The Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences Against the Anti-Communist Activities Law (No. 2) B.E. 2506 (1963) 6/ given on the 24th day of January B.E. 2506 (1963) states as follows: Sec. 1. [Omitted.] Sec. 2. This Act shall come into force on and from the day following its publication in the Government Gazette. Sec. 3. The provisions of Section 3 of the Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences against the Anti- Communist Activities Law B.E. 2505 shall apply to cases in which a commanding officer has ordered the detention of persons subject to the jurisdiction of military courts charged with offences against the Anti-Communist activities law, except that the powers and duties of the Minister of Interior shall be those of the Minister of Defence, subject to Section 3 of the Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences against the Anti-Communist Activities Law B.E. 2505. Sec. 4. The Minister of Defence shall be in charge and control of the execution of this Act. Prepared by: Miss Sirihanya Banchong-Silpa Far Eastern Law Division Law Library Library of Congress __________________ 6/ Ibid, p. 76.- 6 - The Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences Against the Anti-Communist Activities Law (No. 2) B.E. 2506 (1963) 6/ given on the 24th day of January B.E. 2506 (1963) states as follows: Sec. 1. [Omitted.] Sec. 2. This Act shall come into force on and from the day following its publication in the Government Gazette. Sec. 3. The provisions of Section 3 of the Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences against the Anti- Communist Activities Law B.E. 2505 shall apply to cases in which a commanding officer has ordered the detention of persons subject to the jurisdiction of military courts charged with offences against the Anti-Communist activities law, except that the powers and duties of the Minister of Interior shall be those of the Minister of Defence, subject to Section 3 of the Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences against the Anti-Communist Activities Law B.E. 2505. Sec. 4. The Minister of Defence shall be in charge and control of the execution of this Act. Prepared by: Miss Sirihanya Banchong-Silpa Far Eastern Law Division Law Library Library of Congress __________________ 6/ Ibid, p. 76.- 6 - The Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences Against the Anti-Communist Activities Law (No. 2) B.E. 2506 (1963) 6/ given on the 24th day of January B.E. 2506 (1963) states as follows: Sec. 1. [Omitted.] Sec. 2. This Act shall come into force on and from the day following its publication in the Government Gazette. Sec. 3. The provisions of Section 3 of the Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences against the Anti- Communist Activities Law B.E. 2505 shall apply to cases in which a commanding officer has ordered the detention of persons subject to the jurisdiction of military courts charged with offences against the Anti-Communist activities law, except that the powers and duties of the Minister of Interior shall be those of the Minister of Defence, subject to Section 3 of the Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences against the Anti-Communist Activities Law B.E. 2505. Sec. 4. The Minister of Defence shall be in charge and control of the execution of this Act. Prepared by: Miss Sirihanya Banchong-Silpa Far Eastern Law Division Law Library Library of Congress __________________ 6/ Ibid, p. 76.- 6 - The Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences Against the Anti-Communist Activities Law (No. 2) B.E. 2506 (1963) 6/ given on the 24th day of January B.E. 2506 (1963) states as follows: Sec. 1. [Omitted.] Sec. 2. This Act shall come into force on and from the day following its publication in the Government Gazette. Sec. 3. The provisions of Section 3 of the Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences against the Anti- Communist Activities Law B.E. 2505 shall apply to cases in which a commanding officer has ordered the detention of persons subject to the jurisdiction of military courts charged with offences against the Anti-Communist activities law, except that the powers and duties of the Minister of Interior shall be those of the Minister of Defence, subject to Section 3 of the Act on the Detention of Persons Charged with Offences against the Anti-Communist Activities Law B.E. 2505. Sec. 4. The Minister of Defence shall be in charge and control of the execution of this Act. Prepared by: Miss Sirihanya Banchong-Silpa Far Eastern Law Division Law Library Library of Congress __________________ 6/ Ibid, p. 76.