LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Law Library Hispanic Law Division GUN CONTROL UNDER THE LAWS OF BRAZIL Prepared by Mrs. Helen L. Clagett, Chief Washington, D. C. 20540 June 1968LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Law Library Hispanic Law Division GUN CONTROL UNDER THE LAWS OF BRAZIL Prepared by Mrs. Helen L. Clagett, Chief Washington, D. C. 20540 June 1968LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Law Library Hispanic Law Division GUN CONTROL UNDER THE LAWS OF BRAZIL Prepared by Mrs. Helen L. Clagett, Chief Washington, D. C. 20540 June 1968LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Law Library Hispanic Law Division GUN CONTROL UNDER THE LAWS OF BRAZIL Prepared by Mrs. Helen L. Clagett, Chief Washington, D. C. 20540 June 1968LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Law Library Hispanic Law Division GUN CONTROL UNDER THE LAWS OF BRAZIL Prepared by Mrs. Helen L. Clagett, Chief Washington, D. C. 20540 June 1968The legislation in Brazil dealing with various aspects of control over firearms, munitions and explosives is divided into federal legislation, which is enforceable nationwide, and state or local legislation, which is confined to their respective boundaries. There is apparently intent to distinguish “war matériel” and arms which are “instruments of destruction” from those used for hunting, self-defense or sport, or by guards or watchmen. Unfortunately, the sources of state legislation are very incomplete and completely unindexed, making it impossible to locate the legislation in all of these jurisdictions. We shall refer, therefore, to the law and practice in the Federal District and the large State of Sа̃o Paolo only, when referring to local law. There is also, in the criminal field, an interaction between the federal and state legislation. I. FEDERAL LAW: The basic national law consists of the completely revised text of its Regulation on Firearms, Munitions and Explosives, originally adopted in 1936 but modified on various occasions. The revised compilation was adopted by Decree 55.649 of January 28, 1965 [Diario Oficial, Supplement, February 23, 1965].The legislation in Brazil dealing with various aspects of control over firearms, munitions and explosives is divided into federal legislation, which is enforceable nationwide, and state or local legislation, which is confined to their respective boundaries. There is apparently intent to distinguish “war matériel” and arms which are “instruments of destruction” from those used for hunting, self-defense or sport, or by guards or watchmen. Unfortunately, the sources of state legislation are very incomplete and completely unindexed, making it impossible to locate the legislation in all of these jurisdictions. We shall refer, therefore, to the law and practice in the Federal District and the large State of Sа̃o Paolo only, when referring to local law. There is also, in the criminal field, an interaction between the federal and state legislation. I. FEDERAL LAW: The basic national law consists of the completely revised text of its Regulation on Firearms, Munitions and Explosives, originally adopted in 1936 but modified on various occasions. The revised compilation was adopted by Decree 55.649 of January 28, 1965 [Diario Oficial, Supplement, February 23, 1965].The legislation in Brazil dealing with various aspects of control over firearms, munitions and explosives is divided into federal legislation, which is enforceable nationwide, and state or local legislation, which is confined to their respective boundaries. There is apparently intent to distinguish “war matériel” and arms which are “instruments of destruction” from those used for hunting, self-defense or sport, or by guards or watchmen. Unfortunately, the sources of state legislation are very incomplete and completely unindexed, making it impossible to locate the legislation in all of these jurisdictions. We shall refer, therefore, to the law and practice in the Federal District and the large State of Sа̃o Paolo only, when referring to local law. There is also, in the criminal field, an interaction between the federal and state legislation. I. FEDERAL LAW: The basic national law consists of the completely revised text of its Regulation on Firearms, Munitions and Explosives, originally adopted in 1936 but modified on various occasions. The revised compilation was adopted by Decree 55.649 of January 28, 1965 [Diario Oficial, Supplement, February 23, 1965].The legislation in Brazil dealing with various aspects of control over firearms, munitions and explosives is divided into federal legislation, which is enforceable nationwide, and state or local legislation, which is confined to their respective boundaries. There is apparently intent to distinguish “war matériel” and arms which are “instruments of destruction” from those used for hunting, self-defense or sport, or by guards or watchmen. Unfortunately, the sources of state legislation are very incomplete and completely unindexed, making it impossible to locate the legislation in all of these jurisdictions. We shall refer, therefore, to the law and practice in the Federal District and the large State of Sа̃o Paolo only, when referring to local law. There is also, in the criminal field, an interaction between the federal and state legislation. I. FEDERAL LAW: The basic national law consists of the completely revised text of its Regulation on Firearms, Munitions and Explosives, originally adopted in 1936 but modified on various occasions. The revised compilation was adopted by Decree 55.649 of January 28, 1965 [Diario Oficial, Supplement, February 23, 1965].The legislation in Brazil dealing with various aspects of control over firearms, munitions and explosives is divided into federal legislation, which is enforceable nationwide, and state or local legislation, which is confined to their respective boundaries. There is apparently intent to distinguish “war matériel” and arms which are “instruments of destruction” from those used for hunting, self-defense or sport, or by guards or watchmen. Unfortunately, the sources of state legislation are very incomplete and completely unindexed, making it impossible to locate the legislation in all of these jurisdictions. We shall refer, therefore, to the law and practice in the Federal District and the large State of Sа̃o Paolo only, when referring to local law. There is also, in the criminal field, an interaction between the federal and state legislation. I. FEDERAL LAW: The basic national law consists of the completely revised text of its Regulation on Firearms, Munitions and Explosives, originally adopted in 1936 but modified on various occasions. The revised compilation was adopted by Decree 55.649 of January 28, 1965 [Diario Oficial, Supplement, February 23, 1965].- 2 - Consisting of 306 articles covering more than 100 pages, this Regulation purports to cover in great detail the aspects of manufacture, industrial possession and use, exportation and importation, customs treatment, storage and warehousing, trade, transportation and shipping, and other commercial and military activities. The products converted include not only firearms, but also fireworks, gunpowder, explosives of commercial and othe ruse, detonators, chemical products for “war” or aggression purposes, gases, and other materiel listed by the War Department. The Brazilian Constitution of 1967, in its Article 8, grants the federal government the power to legislate in specified fields, as differentiated from state powers, and includes in Section VI thereof “To authorize and control production and trade in war materiel.” However, some of the articles of the Regulation may be of interest to the particular aspects of gun control under consideration at the present time, and are paraphrased herein. The Ministry or Department of War represents the chief control over all materiel covered in this law, whether manufacture is commercial or military, but authority may be delegated downwards, directly or indirectly, even to civil police for some aspects of control over these products that is entrusted to “civil police in the Federal District, States, Municipalities, or Territories,” and also managerial personnel connected with rifle clubs and associations registered by the War Department.- 2 - Consisting of 306 articles covering more than 100 pages, this Regulation purports to cover in great detail the aspects of manufacture, industrial possession and use, exportation and importation, customs treatment, storage and warehousing, trade, transportation and shipping, and other commercial and military activities. The products converted include not only firearms, but also fireworks, gunpowder, explosives of commercial and othe ruse, detonators, chemical products for “war” or aggression purposes, gases, and other materiel listed by the War Department. The Brazilian Constitution of 1967, in its Article 8, grants the federal government the power to legislate in specified fields, as differentiated from state powers, and includes in Section VI thereof “To authorize and control production and trade in war materiel.” However, some of the articles of the Regulation may be of interest to the particular aspects of gun control under consideration at the present time, and are paraphrased herein. The Ministry or Department of War represents the chief control over all materiel covered in this law, whether manufacture is commercial or military, but authority may be delegated downwards, directly or indirectly, even to civil police for some aspects of control over these products that is entrusted to “civil police in the Federal District, States, Municipalities, or Territories,” and also managerial personnel connected with rifle clubs and associations registered by the War Department.- 2 - Consisting of 306 articles covering more than 100 pages, this Regulation purports to cover in great detail the aspects of manufacture, industrial possession and use, exportation and importation, customs treatment, storage and warehousing, trade, transportation and shipping, and other commercial and military activities. The products converted include not only firearms, but also fireworks, gunpowder, explosives of commercial and othe ruse, detonators, chemical products for “war” or aggression purposes, gases, and other materiel listed by the War Department. The Brazilian Constitution of 1967, in its Article 8, grants the federal government the power to legislate in specified fields, as differentiated from state powers, and includes in Section VI thereof “To authorize and control production and trade in war materiel.” However, some of the articles of the Regulation may be of interest to the particular aspects of gun control under consideration at the present time, and are paraphrased herein. The Ministry or Department of War represents the chief control over all materiel covered in this law, whether manufacture is commercial or military, but authority may be delegated downwards, directly or indirectly, even to civil police for some aspects of control over these products that is entrusted to “civil police in the Federal District, States, Municipalities, or Territories,” and also managerial personnel connected with rifle clubs and associations registered by the War Department.- 2 - Consisting of 306 articles covering more than 100 pages, this Regulation purports to cover in great detail the aspects of manufacture, industrial possession and use, exportation and importation, customs treatment, storage and warehousing, trade, transportation and shipping, and other commercial and military activities. The products converted include not only firearms, but also fireworks, gunpowder, explosives of commercial and othe ruse, detonators, chemical products for “war” or aggression purposes, gases, and other materiel listed by the War Department. The Brazilian Constitution of 1967, in its Article 8, grants the federal government the power to legislate in specified fields, as differentiated from state powers, and includes in Section VI thereof “To authorize and control production and trade in war materiel.” However, some of the articles of the Regulation may be of interest to the particular aspects of gun control under consideration at the present time, and are paraphrased herein. The Ministry or Department of War represents the chief control over all materiel covered in this law, whether manufacture is commercial or military, but authority may be delegated downwards, directly or indirectly, even to civil police for some aspects of control over these products that is entrusted to “civil police in the Federal District, States, Municipalities, or Territories,” and also managerial personnel connected with rifle clubs and associations registered by the War Department.- 2 - Consisting of 306 articles covering more than 100 pages, this Regulation purports to cover in great detail the aspects of manufacture, industrial possession and use, exportation and importation, customs treatment, storage and warehousing, trade, transportation and shipping, and other commercial and military activities. The products converted include not only firearms, but also fireworks, gunpowder, explosives of commercial and othe ruse, detonators, chemical products for “war” or aggression purposes, gases, and other materiel listed by the War Department. The Brazilian Constitution of 1967, in its Article 8, grants the federal government the power to legislate in specified fields, as differentiated from state powers, and includes in Section VI thereof “To authorize and control production and trade in war materiel.” However, some of the articles of the Regulation may be of interest to the particular aspects of gun control under consideration at the present time, and are paraphrased herein. The Ministry or Department of War represents the chief control over all materiel covered in this law, whether manufacture is commercial or military, but authority may be delegated downwards, directly or indirectly, even to civil police for some aspects of control over these products that is entrusted to “civil police in the Federal District, States, Municipalities, or Territories,” and also managerial personnel connected with rifle clubs and associations registered by the War Department.-3- Article 30 requires civil police to render assistance to all organs of control, which may include action (Article 31) to control the trade and traffic of these products within "each State, Territory, Federal District, city, village or small town," as also to supervise proper registration of enterprises and companies engaging in some aspect of manufacture or trade of this war matériel. Among the listed duties of the civil police in this connection are "(h) to authorize the transit of arms, if registered as being owned by civilians within the country" and to seize prohibited arms "found in possession of civilians who do not have authorization to carry these, or whose arms have not been registered by the civil police." In section (m), the police are also charged with examining "licenses of all persons to trade, manufacture or use the products controlled under this national law," and finally, in Section (n), that the police issue authorization for the carrying of arms [porte de armas] where the use of same has been granted to competent civilians, and "to register said authorizations." Munitions must likewise be authorized and controlled by the civil police, if of the type permitted for the arms registered by them. The procedure for such registration and licensing are not, however, part of this national law, but are left to the police legislation of the states, as mentioned above. Neither does the federal law define the types of arms which civilians may possess or use, although it does list in general terms (infra) what weapons are completely prohibited, except to the military, and which are not prohibited.-3- Article 30 requires civil police to render assistance to all organs of control, which may include action (Article 31) to control the trade and traffic of these products within "each State, Territory, Federal District, city, village or small town," as also to supervise proper registration of enterprises and companies engaging in some aspect of manufacture or trade of this war matériel. Among the listed duties of the civil police in this connection are "(h) to authorize the transit of arms, if registered as being owned by civilians within the country" and to seize prohibited arms "found in possession of civilians who do not have authorization to carry these, or whose arms have not been registered by the civil police." In section (m), the police are also charged with examining "licenses of all persons to trade, manufacture or use the products controlled under this national law," and finally, in Section (n), that the police issue authorization for the carrying of arms [porte de armas] where the use of same has been granted to competent civilians, and "to register said authorizations." Munitions must likewise be authorized and controlled by the civil police, if of the type permitted for the arms registered by them. The procedure for such registration and licensing are not, however, part of this national law, but are left to the police legislation of the states, as mentioned above. Neither does the federal law define the types of arms which civilians may possess or use, although it does list in general terms (infra) what weapons are completely prohibited, except to the military, and which are not prohibited.-3- Article 30 requires civil police to render assistance to all organs of control, which may include action (Article 31) to control the trade and traffic of these products within "each State, Territory, Federal District, city, village or small town," as also to supervise proper registration of enterprises and companies engaging in some aspect of manufacture or trade of this war matériel. Among the listed duties of the civil police in this connection are "(h) to authorize the transit of arms, if registered as being owned by civilians within the country" and to seize prohibited arms "found in possession of civilians who do not have authorization to carry these, or whose arms have not been registered by the civil police." In section (m), the police are also charged with examining "licenses of all persons to trade, manufacture or use the products controlled under this national law," and finally, in Section (n), that the police issue authorization for the carrying of arms [porte de armas] where the use of same has been granted to competent civilians, and "to register said authorizations." Munitions must likewise be authorized and controlled by the civil police, if of the type permitted for the arms registered by them. The procedure for such registration and licensing are not, however, part of this national law, but are left to the police legislation of the states, as mentioned above. Neither does the federal law define the types of arms which civilians may possess or use, although it does list in general terms (infra) what weapons are completely prohibited, except to the military, and which are not prohibited.-3- Article 30 requires civil police to render assistance to all organs of control, which may include action (Article 31) to control the trade and traffic of these products within "each State, Territory, Federal District, city, village or small town," as also to supervise proper registration of enterprises and companies engaging in some aspect of manufacture or trade of this war matériel. Among the listed duties of the civil police in this connection are "(h) to authorize the transit of arms, if registered as being owned by civilians within the country" and to seize prohibited arms "found in possession of civilians who do not have authorization to carry these, or whose arms have not been registered by the civil police." In section (m), the police are also charged with examining "licenses of all persons to trade, manufacture or use the products controlled under this national law," and finally, in Section (n), that the police issue authorization for the carrying of arms [porte de armas] where the use of same has been granted to competent civilians, and "to register said authorizations." Munitions must likewise be authorized and controlled by the civil police, if of the type permitted for the arms registered by them. The procedure for such registration and licensing are not, however, part of this national law, but are left to the police legislation of the states, as mentioned above. Neither does the federal law define the types of arms which civilians may possess or use, although it does list in general terms (infra) what weapons are completely prohibited, except to the military, and which are not prohibited.-3- Article 30 requires civil police to render assistance to all organs of control, which may include action (Article 31) to control the trade and traffic of these products within "each State, Territory, Federal District, city, village or small town," as also to supervise proper registration of enterprises and companies engaging in some aspect of manufacture or trade of this war matériel. Among the listed duties of the civil police in this connection are "(h) to authorize the transit of arms, if registered as being owned by civilians within the country" and to seize prohibited arms "found in possession of civilians who do not have authorization to carry these, or whose arms have not been registered by the civil police." In section (m), the police are also charged with examining "licenses of all persons to trade, manufacture or use the products controlled under this national law," and finally, in Section (n), that the police issue authorization for the carrying of arms [porte de armas] where the use of same has been granted to competent civilians, and "to register said authorizations." Munitions must likewise be authorized and controlled by the civil police, if of the type permitted for the arms registered by them. The procedure for such registration and licensing are not, however, part of this national law, but are left to the police legislation of the states, as mentioned above. Neither does the federal law define the types of arms which civilians may possess or use, although it does list in general terms (infra) what weapons are completely prohibited, except to the military, and which are not prohibited.–4– In the provisions on registration, the Federal law does include in Article 81, Section 5, a questionnaire to be filled out and filed by gun or rifle clubs and sports organizations for registration, whether for the right to import, purchase or use on their ranges, etc., firearms and munitions, either for their use, or for members, and a description of safety measurer for storage and security purposes. Outside of military and security use, Article 160 of the Regulation classifies arms, accessories and ammunition into those of "prohibited use" and of "permitted use." The prohibited ones (Article 161) include war weapons chiefly, listing carbines, rifles, and other rifled-bore guns over .44 caliber, revolvers over .38 caliber, semi-automatic pistols over 7.65 caliber, or of less caliber if they have a stock longer than 15 centimeters; semi-automatic pistols, Parabellum type; automatic pistols of any caliber; blunderbuss-type over 3.80 caliber (9.65 mm); compressed air guns, except air rifles; and other types of weapons and ammunition. Article 162 lists the permissible arms, including smooth-bore rifles and similar firearms of any model, type or caliber; rifled-bore guns, long guns, such as carbine rifles and similar firearms up to .44 caliber (11.17 mm); revolvers up to .38 caliber (9.65 mm); semi-automatic pistols up to 7.65 caliber, whose stock may not, however, be longer than 15 cm.; air rifles and pistols up to 6 caliber; firearms for use in races and sports used to fire blanks, and various types of ammunition.–4– In the provisions on registration, the Federal law does include in Article 81, Section 5, a questionnaire to be filled out and filed by gun or rifle clubs and sports organizations for registration, whether for the right to import, purchase or use on their ranges, etc., firearms and munitions, either for their use, or for members, and a description of safety measurer for storage and security purposes. Outside of military and security use, Article 160 of the Regulation classifies arms, accessories and ammunition into those of "prohibited use" and of "permitted use." The prohibited ones (Article 161) include war weapons chiefly, listing carbines, rifles, and other rifled-bore guns over .44 caliber, revolvers over .38 caliber, semi-automatic pistols over 7.65 caliber, or of less caliber if they have a stock longer than 15 centimeters; semi-automatic pistols, Parabellum type; automatic pistols of any caliber; blunderbuss-type over 3.80 caliber (9.65 mm); compressed air guns, except air rifles; and other types of weapons and ammunition. Article 162 lists the permissible arms, including smooth-bore rifles and similar firearms of any model, type or caliber; rifled-bore guns, long guns, such as carbine rifles and similar firearms up to .44 caliber (11.17 mm); revolvers up to .38 caliber (9.65 mm); semi-automatic pistols up to 7.65 caliber, whose stock may not, however, be longer than 15 cm.; air rifles and pistols up to 6 caliber; firearms for use in races and sports used to fire blanks, and various types of ammunition.–4– In the provisions on registration, the Federal law does include in Article 81, Section 5, a questionnaire to be filled out and filed by gun or rifle clubs and sports organizations for registration, whether for the right to import, purchase or use on their ranges, etc., firearms and munitions, either for their use, or for members, and a description of safety measurer for storage and security purposes. Outside of military and security use, Article 160 of the Regulation classifies arms, accessories and ammunition into those of "prohibited use" and of "permitted use." The prohibited ones (Article 161) include war weapons chiefly, listing carbines, rifles, and other rifled-bore guns over .44 caliber, revolvers over .38 caliber, semi-automatic pistols over 7.65 caliber, or of less caliber if they have a stock longer than 15 centimeters; semi-automatic pistols, Parabellum type; automatic pistols of any caliber; blunderbuss-type over 3.80 caliber (9.65 mm); compressed air guns, except air rifles; and other types of weapons and ammunition. Article 162 lists the permissible arms, including smooth-bore rifles and similar firearms of any model, type or caliber; rifled-bore guns, long guns, such as carbine rifles and similar firearms up to .44 caliber (11.17 mm); revolvers up to .38 caliber (9.65 mm); semi-automatic pistols up to 7.65 caliber, whose stock may not, however, be longer than 15 cm.; air rifles and pistols up to 6 caliber; firearms for use in races and sports used to fire blanks, and various types of ammunition.–4– In the provisions on registration, the Federal law does include in Article 81, Section 5, a questionnaire to be filled out and filed by gun or rifle clubs and sports organizations for registration, whether for the right to import, purchase or use on their ranges, etc., firearms and munitions, either for their use, or for members, and a description of safety measurer for storage and security purposes. Outside of military and security use, Article 160 of the Regulation classifies arms, accessories and ammunition into those of "prohibited use" and of "permitted use." The prohibited ones (Article 161) include war weapons chiefly, listing carbines, rifles, and other rifled-bore guns over .44 caliber, revolvers over .38 caliber, semi-automatic pistols over 7.65 caliber, or of less caliber if they have a stock longer than 15 centimeters; semi-automatic pistols, Parabellum type; automatic pistols of any caliber; blunderbuss-type over 3.80 caliber (9.65 mm); compressed air guns, except air rifles; and other types of weapons and ammunition. Article 162 lists the permissible arms, including smooth-bore rifles and similar firearms of any model, type or caliber; rifled-bore guns, long guns, such as carbine rifles and similar firearms up to .44 caliber (11.17 mm); revolvers up to .38 caliber (9.65 mm); semi-automatic pistols up to 7.65 caliber, whose stock may not, however, be longer than 15 cm.; air rifles and pistols up to 6 caliber; firearms for use in races and sports used to fire blanks, and various types of ammunition.–4– In the provisions on registration, the Federal law does include in Article 81, Section 5, a questionnaire to be filled out and filed by gun or rifle clubs and sports organizations for registration, whether for the right to import, purchase or use on their ranges, etc., firearms and munitions, either for their use, or for members, and a description of safety measurer for storage and security purposes. Outside of military and security use, Article 160 of the Regulation classifies arms, accessories and ammunition into those of "prohibited use" and of "permitted use." The prohibited ones (Article 161) include war weapons chiefly, listing carbines, rifles, and other rifled-bore guns over .44 caliber, revolvers over .38 caliber, semi-automatic pistols over 7.65 caliber, or of less caliber if they have a stock longer than 15 centimeters; semi-automatic pistols, Parabellum type; automatic pistols of any caliber; blunderbuss-type over 3.80 caliber (9.65 mm); compressed air guns, except air rifles; and other types of weapons and ammunition. Article 162 lists the permissible arms, including smooth-bore rifles and similar firearms of any model, type or caliber; rifled-bore guns, long guns, such as carbine rifles and similar firearms up to .44 caliber (11.17 mm); revolvers up to .38 caliber (9.65 mm); semi-automatic pistols up to 7.65 caliber, whose stock may not, however, be longer than 15 cm.; air rifles and pistols up to 6 caliber; firearms for use in races and sports used to fire blanks, and various types of ammunition.–5– Firearms or ammunition brought in by travelers or tourists in their baggage are covered in Article , including handguns or air guns. These must be turned over to the customs official, either to keep until leaving the country, or until they secure permits or are authorized to use them in hunting, contests, etc. Authorization to bring them in may also be sought in advance of the entry. In the aspect of local legislation, there appears to be an interaction between the federal criminal legislation, particularly provisions in its law on misdemeanors, and the local statutes dealing with possession and carrying of guns and other weapons. The Lei das Contravenções Penais, adopted in October 2, 1941, is a national statute dealing with definition and punishment of misdemeanors and lesser crimes. Its Articles 18 and 19 appear to be pertinent to this report: Article 18. For manufacture, importation, exportation, stocking or selling, without permission from authorities, any arms or munitions: Penalty--imprisonment three months to one year, or fine of one to five thousand cruzeiros, or both cumulatively, unless this constitutes a crimes against the political and social order. Article 19. To carry arms outside of the house or of any annex thereto, without license from the authorities: Penalty-- imprisonment from fifteen days to six months, or fine of two to three thousand cruzeiros, or both cumulatively. Section 1. The penalty is increased by one-third to one-half, if the offender has been convicted by an unappealable judgement, for violence against a person. –5– Firearms or ammunition brought in by travelers or tourists in their baggage are covered in Article , including handguns or air guns. These must be turned over to the customs official, either to keep until leaving the country, or until they secure permits or are authorized to use them in hunting, contests, etc. Authorization to bring them in may also be sought in advance of the entry. In the aspect of local legislation, there appears to be an interaction between the federal criminal legislation, particularly provisions in its law on misdemeanors, and the local statutes dealing with possession and carrying of guns and other weapons. The Lei das Contravenções Penais, adopted in October 2, 1941, is a national statute dealing with definition and punishment of misdemeanors and lesser crimes. Its Articles 18 and 19 appear to be pertinent to this report: Article 18. For manufacture, importation, exportation, stocking or selling, without permission from authorities, any arms or munitions: Penalty--imprisonment three months to one year, or fine of one to five thousand cruzeiros, or both cumulatively, unless this constitutes a crimes against the political and social order. Article 19. To carry arms outside of the house or of any annex thereto, without license from the authorities: Penalty-- imprisonment from fifteen days to six months, or fine of two to three thousand cruzeiros, or both cumulatively. Section 1. The penalty is increased by one-third to one-half, if the offender has been convicted by an unappealable judgement, for violence against a person. –5– Firearms or ammunition brought in by travelers or tourists in their baggage are covered in Article , including handguns or air guns. These must be turned over to the customs official, either to keep until leaving the country, or until they secure permits or are authorized to use them in hunting, contests, etc. Authorization to bring them in may also be sought in advance of the entry. In the aspect of local legislation, there appears to be an interaction between the federal criminal legislation, particularly provisions in its law on misdemeanors, and the local statutes dealing with possession and carrying of guns and other weapons. The Lei das Contravenções Penais, adopted in October 2, 1941, is a national statute dealing with definition and punishment of misdemeanors and lesser crimes. Its Articles 18 and 19 appear to be pertinent to this report: Article 18. For manufacture, importation, exportation, stocking or selling, without permission from authorities, any arms or munitions: Penalty--imprisonment three months to one year, or fine of one to five thousand cruzeiros, or both cumulatively, unless this constitutes a crimes against the political and social order. Article 19. To carry arms outside of the house or of any annex thereto, without license from the authorities: Penalty-- imprisonment from fifteen days to six months, or fine of two to three thousand cruzeiros, or both cumulatively. Section 1. The penalty is increased by one-third to one-half, if the offender has been convicted by an unappealable judgement, for violence against a person. –5– Firearms or ammunition brought in by travelers or tourists in their baggage are covered in Article , including handguns or air guns. These must be turned over to the customs official, either to keep until leaving the country, or until they secure permits or are authorized to use them in hunting, contests, etc. Authorization to bring them in may also be sought in advance of the entry. In the aspect of local legislation, there appears to be an interaction between the federal criminal legislation, particularly provisions in its law on misdemeanors, and the local statutes dealing with possession and carrying of guns and other weapons. The Lei das Contravenções Penais, adopted in October 2, 1941, is a national statute dealing with definition and punishment of misdemeanors and lesser crimes. Its Articles 18 and 19 appear to be pertinent to this report: Article 18. For manufacture, importation, exportation, stocking or selling, without permission from authorities, any arms or munitions: Penalty--imprisonment three months to one year, or fine of one to five thousand cruzeiros, or both cumulatively, unless this constitutes a crimes against the political and social order. Article 19. To carry arms outside of the house or of any annex thereto, without license from the authorities: Penalty-- imprisonment from fifteen days to six months, or fine of two to three thousand cruzeiros, or both cumulatively. Section 1. The penalty is increased by one-third to one-half, if the offender has been convicted by an unappealable judgement, for violence against a person. –5– Firearms or ammunition brought in by travelers or tourists in their baggage are covered in Article , including handguns or air guns. These must be turned over to the customs official, either to keep until leaving the country, or until they secure permits or are authorized to use them in hunting, contests, etc. Authorization to bring them in may also be sought in advance of the entry. In the aspect of local legislation, there appears to be an interaction between the federal criminal legislation, particularly provisions in its law on misdemeanors, and the local statutes dealing with possession and carrying of guns and other weapons. The Lei das Contravenções Penais, adopted in October 2, 1941, is a national statute dealing with definition and punishment of misdemeanors and lesser crimes. Its Articles 18 and 19 appear to be pertinent to this report: Article 18. For manufacture, importation, exportation, stocking or selling, without permission from authorities, any arms or munitions: Penalty--imprisonment three months to one year, or fine of one to five thousand cruzeiros, or both cumulatively, unless this constitutes a crimes against the political and social order. Article 19. To carry arms outside of the house or of any annex thereto, without license from the authorities: Penalty-- imprisonment from fifteen days to six months, or fine of two to three thousand cruzeiros, or both cumulatively. Section 1. The penalty is increased by one-third to one-half, if the offender has been convicted by an unappealable judgement, for violence against a person. –6– Section 2. The penalty of imprisonment of from fifteen days to three months, or fine of two hundred to one thousand cruzeiros, may be imposed on any person possessing arms or ammunition, who" (a) fails to notify or to deposit them with the authorities, when required to do so by law; (b) permits a mentally disabled person, a minor under 18 years of age, or an inexperienced person to handle the arms which he carries; or (c) omits to take the necessary caution to prevent such mentally disabled person, minor under 18 years of age, or inexperienced person from easily seizing the arms away from him. II. FEDERAL DISTRICT (RIO DE JANEIRO): The Police Regulations of the Federal District of Brazil, originally adopted in October of 1933, prohibit the carrying of any kind of arms (Article 53) in zones where there are clubs, dance halls, cabarets, meeting places, or any type of public gatherings. Articles 43 and 49 deal with the requirement of a police license to carry or to possess any type of firearm, excluding those for use of police and military personnel, and such licenses are not to be granted unless for a legitimate purpose, indicating an urgent need for a person to be armed. Article 52-56 list reasons for cancelation of license, including the use of a firearm as a joke, exhibition of the arm to be visible to all, or exhibition of it voluntarily in order to boast of oneself or of the gun's qualities, or to use it as a threatening gesture. –6– Section 2. The penalty of imprisonment of from fifteen days to three months, or fine of two hundred to one thousand cruzeiros, may be imposed on any person possessing arms or ammunition, who" (a) fails to notify or to deposit them with the authorities, when required to do so by law; (b) permits a mentally disabled person, a minor under 18 years of age, or an inexperienced person to handle the arms which he carries; or (c) omits to take the necessary caution to prevent such mentally disabled person, minor under 18 years of age, or inexperienced person from easily seizing the arms away from him. II. FEDERAL DISTRICT (RIO DE JANEIRO): The Police Regulations of the Federal District of Brazil, originally adopted in October of 1933, prohibit the carrying of any kind of arms (Article 53) in zones where there are clubs, dance halls, cabarets, meeting places, or any type of public gatherings. Articles 43 and 49 deal with the requirement of a police license to carry or to possess any type of firearm, excluding those for use of police and military personnel, and such licenses are not to be granted unless for a legitimate purpose, indicating an urgent need for a person to be armed. Article 52-56 list reasons for cancelation of license, including the use of a firearm as a joke, exhibition of the arm to be visible to all, or exhibition of it voluntarily in order to boast of oneself or of the gun's qualities, or to use it as a threatening gesture. –6– Section 2. The penalty of imprisonment of from fifteen days to three months, or fine of two hundred to one thousand cruzeiros, may be imposed on any person possessing arms or ammunition, who" (a) fails to notify or to deposit them with the authorities, when required to do so by law; (b) permits a mentally disabled person, a minor under 18 years of age, or an inexperienced person to handle the arms which he carries; or (c) omits to take the necessary caution to prevent such mentally disabled person, minor under 18 years of age, or inexperienced person from easily seizing the arms away from him. II. FEDERAL DISTRICT (RIO DE JANEIRO): The Police Regulations of the Federal District of Brazil, originally adopted in October of 1933, prohibit the carrying of any kind of arms (Article 53) in zones where there are clubs, dance halls, cabarets, meeting places, or any type of public gatherings. Articles 43 and 49 deal with the requirement of a police license to carry or to possess any type of firearm, excluding those for use of police and military personnel, and such licenses are not to be granted unless for a legitimate purpose, indicating an urgent need for a person to be armed. Article 52-56 list reasons for cancelation of license, including the use of a firearm as a joke, exhibition of the arm to be visible to all, or exhibition of it voluntarily in order to boast of oneself or of the gun's qualities, or to use it as a threatening gesture. –6– Section 2. The penalty of imprisonment of from fifteen days to three months, or fine of two hundred to one thousand cruzeiros, may be imposed on any person possessing arms or ammunition, who" (a) fails to notify or to deposit them with the authorities, when required to do so by law; (b) permits a mentally disabled person, a minor under 18 years of age, or an inexperienced person to handle the arms which he carries; or (c) omits to take the necessary caution to prevent such mentally disabled person, minor under 18 years of age, or inexperienced person from easily seizing the arms away from him. II. FEDERAL DISTRICT (RIO DE JANEIRO): The Police Regulations of the Federal District of Brazil, originally adopted in October of 1933, prohibit the carrying of any kind of arms (Article 53) in zones where there are clubs, dance halls, cabarets, meeting places, or any type of public gatherings. Articles 43 and 49 deal with the requirement of a police license to carry or to possess any type of firearm, excluding those for use of police and military personnel, and such licenses are not to be granted unless for a legitimate purpose, indicating an urgent need for a person to be armed. Article 52-56 list reasons for cancelation of license, including the use of a firearm as a joke, exhibition of the arm to be visible to all, or exhibition of it voluntarily in order to boast of oneself or of the gun's qualities, or to use it as a threatening gesture. –6– Section 2. The penalty of imprisonment of from fifteen days to three months, or fine of two hundred to one thousand cruzeiros, may be imposed on any person possessing arms or ammunition, who" (a) fails to notify or to deposit them with the authorities, when required to do so by law; (b) permits a mentally disabled person, a minor under 18 years of age, or an inexperienced person to handle the arms which he carries; or (c) omits to take the necessary caution to prevent such mentally disabled person, minor under 18 years of age, or inexperienced person from easily seizing the arms away from him. II. FEDERAL DISTRICT (RIO DE JANEIRO): The Police Regulations of the Federal District of Brazil, originally adopted in October of 1933, prohibit the carrying of any kind of arms (Article 53) in zones where there are clubs, dance halls, cabarets, meeting places, or any type of public gatherings. Articles 43 and 49 deal with the requirement of a police license to carry or to possess any type of firearm, excluding those for use of police and military personnel, and such licenses are not to be granted unless for a legitimate purpose, indicating an urgent need for a person to be armed. Article 52-56 list reasons for cancelation of license, including the use of a firearm as a joke, exhibition of the arm to be visible to all, or exhibition of it voluntarily in order to boast of oneself or of the gun's qualities, or to use it as a threatening gesture. –7– The police regulation also provides that the possession or carrying of arms without communicating the fact to the police, or taking it from the house clandestinely, will subject the person to arrest. Persons who are mentally incapacitated, minor under 18 years of age, and inexperienced persons of any age shall not be granted a license to carry firearms under any circumstances at all. III. SAO PAULAO (STATE): The State of Sao Paulo adopted Decree 6911 on January 11, 1935, enacting a Regulation on the Control of Explosives, Firearms and Munitions. Its first article sets forth the objectives, including control over the manufacture, importation, exportation, trade and use of explosive or inflammable materials, arms, munitions, chemical products as defined there; the inspection, confiscation, reporting, and undertaking of any other actions related to these materials. On the particular point of gun control, Chapter IV appears to contain pertinent passages. Article 31 provides that no person may own a firearm, of any kind, unless duly licensed by the Police. In the case of loss or misplacement of a licensed firearm, an immediate report must be made to the police office. If arms, which are licensed to once person, are found in hands of another, they may be confiscated and both the owner and the carrier punished as violators, unless the arms have been the object of a theft or loss already reported to the Police. In this case they shall be returned to the owner.–7– The police regulation also provides that the possession or carrying of arms without communicating the fact to the police, or taking it from the house clandestinely, will subject the person to arrest. Persons who are mentally incapacitated, minor under 18 years of age, and inexperienced persons of any age shall not be granted a license to carry firearms under any circumstances at all. III. SAO PAULAO (STATE): The State of Sao Paulo adopted Decree 6911 on January 11, 1935, enacting a Regulation on the Control of Explosives, Firearms and Munitions. Its first article sets forth the objectives, including control over the manufacture, importation, exportation, trade and use of explosive or inflammable materials, arms, munitions, chemical products as defined there; the inspection, confiscation, reporting, and undertaking of any other actions related to these materials. On the particular point of gun control, Chapter IV appears to contain pertinent passages. Article 31 provides that no person may own a firearm, of any kind, unless duly licensed by the Police. In the case of loss or misplacement of a licensed firearm, an immediate report must be made to the police office. If arms, which are licensed to once person, are found in hands of another, they may be confiscated and both the owner and the carrier punished as violators, unless the arms have been the object of a theft or loss already reported to the Police. In this case they shall be returned to the owner.–7– The police regulation also provides that the possession or carrying of arms without communicating the fact to the police, or taking it from the house clandestinely, will subject the person to arrest. Persons who are mentally incapacitated, minor under 18 years of age, and inexperienced persons of any age shall not be granted a license to carry firearms under any circumstances at all. III. SAO PAULAO (STATE): The State of Sao Paulo adopted Decree 6911 on January 11, 1935, enacting a Regulation on the Control of Explosives, Firearms and Munitions. Its first article sets forth the objectives, including control over the manufacture, importation, exportation, trade and use of explosive or inflammable materials, arms, munitions, chemical products as defined there; the inspection, confiscation, reporting, and undertaking of any other actions related to these materials. On the particular point of gun control, Chapter IV appears to contain pertinent passages. Article 31 provides that no person may own a firearm, of any kind, unless duly licensed by the Police. In the case of loss or misplacement of a licensed firearm, an immediate report must be made to the police office. If arms, which are licensed to once person, are found in hands of another, they may be confiscated and both the owner and the carrier punished as violators, unless the arms have been the object of a theft or loss already reported to the Police. In this case they shall be returned to the owner.–7– The police regulation also provides that the possession or carrying of arms without communicating the fact to the police, or taking it from the house clandestinely, will subject the person to arrest. Persons who are mentally incapacitated, minor under 18 years of age, and inexperienced persons of any age shall not be granted a license to carry firearms under any circumstances at all. III. SAO PAULAO (STATE): The State of Sao Paulo adopted Decree 6911 on January 11, 1935, enacting a Regulation on the Control of Explosives, Firearms and Munitions. Its first article sets forth the objectives, including control over the manufacture, importation, exportation, trade and use of explosive or inflammable materials, arms, munitions, chemical products as defined there; the inspection, confiscation, reporting, and undertaking of any other actions related to these materials. On the particular point of gun control, Chapter IV appears to contain pertinent passages. Article 31 provides that no person may own a firearm, of any kind, unless duly licensed by the Police. In the case of loss or misplacement of a licensed firearm, an immediate report must be made to the police office. If arms, which are licensed to once person, are found in hands of another, they may be confiscated and both the owner and the carrier punished as violators, unless the arms have been the object of a theft or loss already reported to the Police. In this case they shall be returned to the owner.–7– The police regulation also provides that the possession or carrying of arms without communicating the fact to the police, or taking it from the house clandestinely, will subject the person to arrest. Persons who are mentally incapacitated, minor under 18 years of age, and inexperienced persons of any age shall not be granted a license to carry firearms under any circumstances at all. III. SAO PAULAO (STATE): The State of Sao Paulo adopted Decree 6911 on January 11, 1935, enacting a Regulation on the Control of Explosives, Firearms and Munitions. Its first article sets forth the objectives, including control over the manufacture, importation, exportation, trade and use of explosive or inflammable materials, arms, munitions, chemical products as defined there; the inspection, confiscation, reporting, and undertaking of any other actions related to these materials. On the particular point of gun control, Chapter IV appears to contain pertinent passages. Article 31 provides that no person may own a firearm, of any kind, unless duly licensed by the Police. In the case of loss or misplacement of a licensed firearm, an immediate report must be made to the police office. If arms, which are licensed to once person, are found in hands of another, they may be confiscated and both the owner and the carrier punished as violators, unless the arms have been the object of a theft or loss already reported to the Police. In this case they shall be returned to the owner.–8– Firearms must be kept (Article 36) in safe places where they will not be available to unauthorized persons, under penalty of loss of license. The São Paulo regulation does not purport to cover the type of arms, munition, explosives, etc., which fall in the jurisdiction of the federal law and military provinces, when it prohibits (Article 15) any person from manufacturing, repairing, selling, exporting or possessing any of the arms defined as "prohibited." Article 5 divides the arms covered herein into a) prohibited; b) war weapons; c) defense weapons; d) firearms for hunting or sports. The so-called "prohibited arms," for purposes of the local legislation, are listed in Article 5, including a) arms whose stock or butt can be dismantled; b) metallic pieces which may be attached to the arms to enlarge their shooting range; c) firearms with compressed air; d) devices attached to firearms to deaden the detonation (silencers); e) munitions with devices to cause explosions, fire, gas, poisons, etc., or to inflict a great destruction in a living target; f) cold steel generally employed inaggressive action, such as daggers, sword sticks, or sabers; and also canes or umbrellas with hidden blades, stilettos or bayonnets; g) certain types of bombs and petards; h) knives whose blades measure more than ten centimeters in length, and razors of any dimension, unless justified by circumstances of their manufacture for use of the object as a work instrument. –8– Firearms must be kept (Article 36) in safe places where they will not be available to unauthorized persons, under penalty of loss of license. The São Paulo regulation does not purport to cover the type of arms, munition, explosives, etc., which fall in the jurisdiction of the federal law and military provinces, when it prohibits (Article 15) any person from manufacturing, repairing, selling, exporting or possessing any of the arms defined as "prohibited." Article 5 divides the arms covered herein into a) prohibited; b) war weapons; c) defense weapons; d) firearms for hunting or sports. The so-called "prohibited arms," for purposes of the local legislation, are listed in Article 5, including a) arms whose stock or butt can be dismantled; b) metallic pieces which may be attached to the arms to enlarge their shooting range; c) firearms with compressed air; d) devices attached to firearms to deaden the detonation (silencers); e) munitions with devices to cause explosions, fire, gas, poisons, etc., or to inflict a great destruction in a living target; f) cold steel generally employed inaggressive action, such as daggers, sword sticks, or sabers; and also canes or umbrellas with hidden blades, stilettos or bayonnets; g) certain types of bombs and petards; h) knives whose blades measure more than ten centimeters in length, and razors of any dimension, unless justified by circumstances of their manufacture for use of the object as a work instrument. –8– Firearms must be kept (Article 36) in safe places where they will not be available to unauthorized persons, under penalty of loss of license. The São Paulo regulation does not purport to cover the type of arms, munition, explosives, etc., which fall in the jurisdiction of the federal law and military provinces, when it prohibits (Article 15) any person from manufacturing, repairing, selling, exporting or possessing any of the arms defined as "prohibited." Article 5 divides the arms covered herein into a) prohibited; b) war weapons; c) defense weapons; d) firearms for hunting or sports. The so-called "prohibited arms," for purposes of the local legislation, are listed in Article 5, including a) arms whose stock or butt can be dismantled; b) metallic pieces which may be attached to the arms to enlarge their shooting range; c) firearms with compressed air; d) devices attached to firearms to deaden the detonation (silencers); e) munitions with devices to cause explosions, fire, gas, poisons, etc., or to inflict a great destruction in a living target; f) cold steel generally employed inaggressive action, such as daggers, sword sticks, or sabers; and also canes or umbrellas with hidden blades, stilettos or bayonnets; g) certain types of bombs and petards; h) knives whose blades measure more than ten centimeters in length, and razors of any dimension, unless justified by circumstances of their manufacture for use of the object as a work instrument. –8– Firearms must be kept (Article 36) in safe places where they will not be available to unauthorized persons, under penalty of loss of license. The São Paulo regulation does not purport to cover the type of arms, munition, explosives, etc., which fall in the jurisdiction of the federal law and military provinces, when it prohibits (Article 15) any person from manufacturing, repairing, selling, exporting or possessing any of the arms defined as "prohibited." Article 5 divides the arms covered herein into a) prohibited; b) war weapons; c) defense weapons; d) firearms for hunting or sports. The so-called "prohibited arms," for purposes of the local legislation, are listed in Article 5, including a) arms whose stock or butt can be dismantled; b) metallic pieces which may be attached to the arms to enlarge their shooting range; c) firearms with compressed air; d) devices attached to firearms to deaden the detonation (silencers); e) munitions with devices to cause explosions, fire, gas, poisons, etc., or to inflict a great destruction in a living target; f) cold steel generally employed inaggressive action, such as daggers, sword sticks, or sabers; and also canes or umbrellas with hidden blades, stilettos or bayonnets; g) certain types of bombs and petards; h) knives whose blades measure more than ten centimeters in length, and razors of any dimension, unless justified by circumstances of their manufacture for use of the object as a work instrument. –8– Firearms must be kept (Article 36) in safe places where they will not be available to unauthorized persons, under penalty of loss of license. The São Paulo regulation does not purport to cover the type of arms, munition, explosives, etc., which fall in the jurisdiction of the federal law and military provinces, when it prohibits (Article 15) any person from manufacturing, repairing, selling, exporting or possessing any of the arms defined as "prohibited." Article 5 divides the arms covered herein into a) prohibited; b) war weapons; c) defense weapons; d) firearms for hunting or sports. The so-called "prohibited arms," for purposes of the local legislation, are listed in Article 5, including a) arms whose stock or butt can be dismantled; b) metallic pieces which may be attached to the arms to enlarge their shooting range; c) firearms with compressed air; d) devices attached to firearms to deaden the detonation (silencers); e) munitions with devices to cause explosions, fire, gas, poisons, etc., or to inflict a great destruction in a living target; f) cold steel generally employed inaggressive action, such as daggers, sword sticks, or sabers; and also canes or umbrellas with hidden blades, stilettos or bayonnets; g) certain types of bombs and petards; h) knives whose blades measure more than ten centimeters in length, and razors of any dimension, unless justified by circumstances of their manufacture for use of the object as a work instrument. -9- This same article defines war weapons as all firearms adaptable to equip national or foreign troops, while arms for personal defense include short arms, automatic revolvers and pistols, of any caliber or dimension. Hunting guns or rifles for sports are those manufactured customarily for this purpose. A license to carry a firearm in one's own defense may be granted upon application to the Superintendent of Political and Social Order, provided there is a legitimate and urgent reason justifying a person to walk the streets fully armed. If granted, the license is valid for one year, and renewal will depend upon the continuation of the emergency circumstances on which the original license was granted. Article 40 provides that such licenses to carry arms may be revoked and the arms confiscated if the owner disobeys the instructions of the permit, or uses the weapon for purposes other than that for which it was licensed, or if the carrier uses it jokingly, threateningly, or as an exhibitionist. Article 14 covers the point of mail-order purchases, forbidding the importation or exportation of any of the materials covered in the Regulation to be made through postal services. Articles 46 and 47 state that only persons who hold hunting licenses, for commercial or sports reasons, may apply to the Superintendent of Political and Social Order for licenses to own and carry hunting rifles or sports guns. Persons under 21, but over 18 years of age,-9- This same article defines war weapons as all firearms adaptable to equip national or foreign troops, while arms for personal defense include short arms, automatic revolvers and pistols, of any caliber or dimension. Hunting guns or rifles for sports are those manufactured customarily for this purpose. A license to carry a firearm in one's own defense may be granted upon application to the Superintendent of Political and Social Order, provided there is a legitimate and urgent reason justifying a person to walk the streets fully armed. If granted, the license is valid for one year, and renewal will depend upon the continuation of the emergency circumstances on which the original license was granted. Article 40 provides that such licenses to carry arms may be revoked and the arms confiscated if the owner disobeys the instructions of the permit, or uses the weapon for purposes other than that for which it was licensed, or if the carrier uses it jokingly, threateningly, or as an exhibitionist. Article 14 covers the point of mail-order purchases, forbidding the importation or exportation of any of the materials covered in the Regulation to be made through postal services. Articles 46 and 47 state that only persons who hold hunting licenses, for commercial or sports reasons, may apply to the Superintendent of Political and Social Order for licenses to own and carry hunting rifles or sports guns. Persons under 21, but over 18 years of age,-9- This same article defines war weapons as all firearms adaptable to equip national or foreign troops, while arms for personal defense include short arms, automatic revolvers and pistols, of any caliber or dimension. Hunting guns or rifles for sports are those manufactured customarily for this purpose. A license to carry a firearm in one's own defense may be granted upon application to the Superintendent of Political and Social Order, provided there is a legitimate and urgent reason justifying a person to walk the streets fully armed. If granted, the license is valid for one year, and renewal will depend upon the continuation of the emergency circumstances on which the original license was granted. Article 40 provides that such licenses to carry arms may be revoked and the arms confiscated if the owner disobeys the instructions of the permit, or uses the weapon for purposes other than that for which it was licensed, or if the carrier uses it jokingly, threateningly, or as an exhibitionist. Article 14 covers the point of mail-order purchases, forbidding the importation or exportation of any of the materials covered in the Regulation to be made through postal services. Articles 46 and 47 state that only persons who hold hunting licenses, for commercial or sports reasons, may apply to the Superintendent of Political and Social Order for licenses to own and carry hunting rifles or sports guns. Persons under 21, but over 18 years of age,-9- This same article defines war weapons as all firearms adaptable to equip national or foreign troops, while arms for personal defense include short arms, automatic revolvers and pistols, of any caliber or dimension. Hunting guns or rifles for sports are those manufactured customarily for this purpose. A license to carry a firearm in one's own defense may be granted upon application to the Superintendent of Political and Social Order, provided there is a legitimate and urgent reason justifying a person to walk the streets fully armed. If granted, the license is valid for one year, and renewal will depend upon the continuation of the emergency circumstances on which the original license was granted. Article 40 provides that such licenses to carry arms may be revoked and the arms confiscated if the owner disobeys the instructions of the permit, or uses the weapon for purposes other than that for which it was licensed, or if the carrier uses it jokingly, threateningly, or as an exhibitionist. Article 14 covers the point of mail-order purchases, forbidding the importation or exportation of any of the materials covered in the Regulation to be made through postal services. Articles 46 and 47 state that only persons who hold hunting licenses, for commercial or sports reasons, may apply to the Superintendent of Political and Social Order for licenses to own and carry hunting rifles or sports guns. Persons under 21, but over 18 years of age,-9- This same article defines war weapons as all firearms adaptable to equip national or foreign troops, while arms for personal defense include short arms, automatic revolvers and pistols, of any caliber or dimension. Hunting guns or rifles for sports are those manufactured customarily for this purpose. A license to carry a firearm in one's own defense may be granted upon application to the Superintendent of Political and Social Order, provided there is a legitimate and urgent reason justifying a person to walk the streets fully armed. If granted, the license is valid for one year, and renewal will depend upon the continuation of the emergency circumstances on which the original license was granted. Article 40 provides that such licenses to carry arms may be revoked and the arms confiscated if the owner disobeys the instructions of the permit, or uses the weapon for purposes other than that for which it was licensed, or if the carrier uses it jokingly, threateningly, or as an exhibitionist. Article 14 covers the point of mail-order purchases, forbidding the importation or exportation of any of the materials covered in the Regulation to be made through postal services. Articles 46 and 47 state that only persons who hold hunting licenses, for commercial or sports reasons, may apply to the Superintendent of Political and Social Order for licenses to own and carry hunting rifles or sports guns. Persons under 21, but over 18 years of age,–10– may also be granted licenses for hunting rifles or funs, with authorization from the parents of guardians. If the license to carry a gun is one granted in another of the Brazilian states, the holder must have it revalidated in São Paulo pursuant to the formalities of the regulation in order to use it in this states. Article 17 forbids a person from selling his firearm, or giving, loaning or transferring a gun to another person, unless the latter is in possession of the proper license from the police for this purpose. No such authorization will be given to grant right to carry such firearms to persons who are mentally incapacitated, to minors, or to persons who have been convicted and have served a sentence for a crime, or who are under indictment for one. The Regulation defines various violations and penalties to be imposed on violators. Prepared by Mrs. Helen L. Clagett, Chief Hispanic Law Division Law Library – Library of Congress–10– may also be granted licenses for hunting rifles or funs, with authorization from the parents of guardians. If the license to carry a gun is one granted in another of the Brazilian states, the holder must have it revalidated in São Paulo pursuant to the formalities of the regulation in order to use it in this states. Article 17 forbids a person from selling his firearm, or giving, loaning or transferring a gun to another person, unless the latter is in possession of the proper license from the police for this purpose. No such authorization will be given to grant right to carry such firearms to persons who are mentally incapacitated, to minors, or to persons who have been convicted and have served a sentence for a crime, or who are under indictment for one. The Regulation defines various violations and penalties to be imposed on violators. Prepared by Mrs. Helen L. Clagett, Chief Hispanic Law Division Law Library – Library of Congress–10– may also be granted licenses for hunting rifles or funs, with authorization from the parents of guardians. If the license to carry a gun is one granted in another of the Brazilian states, the holder must have it revalidated in São Paulo pursuant to the formalities of the regulation in order to use it in this states. Article 17 forbids a person from selling his firearm, or giving, loaning or transferring a gun to another person, unless the latter is in possession of the proper license from the police for this purpose. No such authorization will be given to grant right to carry such firearms to persons who are mentally incapacitated, to minors, or to persons who have been convicted and have served a sentence for a crime, or who are under indictment for one. The Regulation defines various violations and penalties to be imposed on violators. Prepared by Mrs. Helen L. Clagett, Chief Hispanic Law Division Law Library – Library of Congress–10– may also be granted licenses for hunting rifles or funs, with authorization from the parents of guardians. If the license to carry a gun is one granted in another of the Brazilian states, the holder must have it revalidated in São Paulo pursuant to the formalities of the regulation in order to use it in this states. Article 17 forbids a person from selling his firearm, or giving, loaning or transferring a gun to another person, unless the latter is in possession of the proper license from the police for this purpose. No such authorization will be given to grant right to carry such firearms to persons who are mentally incapacitated, to minors, or to persons who have been convicted and have served a sentence for a crime, or who are under indictment for one. The Regulation defines various violations and penalties to be imposed on violators. Prepared by Mrs. Helen L. Clagett, Chief Hispanic Law Division Law Library – Library of Congress–10– may also be granted licenses for hunting rifles or funs, with authorization from the parents of guardians. If the license to carry a gun is one granted in another of the Brazilian states, the holder must have it revalidated in São Paulo pursuant to the formalities of the regulation in order to use it in this states. Article 17 forbids a person from selling his firearm, or giving, loaning or transferring a gun to another person, unless the latter is in possession of the proper license from the police for this purpose. No such authorization will be given to grant right to carry such firearms to persons who are mentally incapacitated, to minors, or to persons who have been convicted and have served a sentence for a crime, or who are under indictment for one. The Regulation defines various violations and penalties to be imposed on violators. Prepared by Mrs. Helen L. Clagett, Chief Hispanic Law Division Law Library – Library of Congress