BLACKWELL FAMILY ALICE STONE BLACKWELL GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE NALA NACION BUENOS AIRES W. W. DAVIES GENERAL REPRESENTATIVE 51 CHAMBERS STREET NEW YORK TELEPHONE WORTH 5131 February 1, 1921. Mrs. Alice Stone Blackwell, 3 Monadnock Street, Boston, Mass. Dear Madam: In reply to your inquiry regarding the colloquial Argentine words found in "El Ombú, a poem by Luis L. Dominguez, we beg to give below the definition of the words you request: Bibi - A plant of the liliaceous genus. Marcachines - Another plant of the same genus, giving a yellow flower and a bulb that can be eaten. Carancho - A bird similar to the vulture - about the same size. El vigilante yaji - A beautiful bird larger than a pheasant with a crest of feathers. He does not sleep at nights and is used to watch the house in the manner of a dog. That is the reason it is qualified "vigilante" by Mr. Dominguez. Valichu - One of the names given to the evil spirit by the Indians. Chamal - A piece of cloth used in the manner of a skirt by the Indians. Poncho - A heavy blanket with an opening in the centre through which the head is passed. Laques - An Indian arm consisting of a piece of heavy cord with a ball at each end. Matecito - A diminutive of mate, an infusion used instead of tea in South America. It is claimed that this herb has invigorating properties. Hoping that this information is what is required, we remain, Yours very truly, W. W. Davies General Representative AGV.M LA NACION BUENOS AIRES W. W. DAVIES GENERAL REPRESENTATIVE 51 CHAMBERS STREET NEW YORK TELEPHONE WORTH 5131 February 4, 1921. Miss Alice Stone Blackwell, 3 Monadnock St., Boston 25, Mass. Dear Madam: I beg to give you below the definitions of what is requested in your letter of February 2nd. All these words, with the exception of the word "marocha" which, in my opinion, means a "mischievous girl" were found in the dictionary "Pequeño Larouse Ilustrado" which contains a very large number of Argentine colloquial words. This books sells at only $3.[?]5, and you can get it by mail from E. Steiger & Co., 49 Murray Street, New York, or from Brentano's, Fifth Avenue, New York. Payador - A peasant who goes round reciting verses and singing songs of his own at peasant feasts. Brillazones - A mirage at the "pampas". Pampero - A strong cold wind at the pampas. Estambre dorado - Like a golden thread. (estambre means woolen crochet) Que es un primor - That is most beautiful. Totora - Reed maze, a great cattail, belfrey. Rasgueo - To play flourishes on a guitar. Lijera - Chilean spelling of ligera. Tapero - Ruins of abandoned houses. Lomada - "Loma", grade. Fortines - small forts. Espuelas nagarenas - A certain kind of spur. Virolas - The roller of the spur. "Vuela el pato!" - There flys the duck. Chaja - Wading birds. Recado - Riding equipment.(2) Tostado - Toasted, a color of a horse, dark red. Chimango - A bird of prey. Mata - Plant, shrub. Paional - A plain covered with shrubs or plants. "Pampa" - A big extent of territory either bare or covered with shrub or small plants. Llanura and llano are practically the same thing according to the definition of the dictionary. Yours very truly, [signature] General Representative. AGV.M193 Bradford St., Everett, Mass. Nov. 5, 1942 Dear Miss Blackwell, This letter to you is overdue by about two decades. My husband has asked me to write to you and tell you that your book of Armenian Poems was the direct cause of his obtaining a college education. For this reason he has always felt a deep sense of gratitude to you. And I know you know how precious a college education is to one who has a love of books and learning in his heart. about Armenians. To make a long story short my husband received high enough marks to go through college entirely on scholarships and then of course worked for his board and room outside. "How far that little candle throws his beams --" And may I tell you how me personally enjoy your poems? To me they have such an ethereal and uplifting quality. I read them over and over and each time new beauty of thought is revealed to me. I love every poem in that book and mere words seems so very inadequate to describe the high degree of perfection which you have molded into each poem. Will I express myself more clearly if I tell you that to me they are as beautiful as the most gorgeous of nature's sunsets? And of course It seems that many years ago when my husband was a young immigrant lad, he was unable to continue with his education here because his father and mother were in Armenia, and he had to work to earn enough to support himself. He lived in Newton at the time and attended night school to learn whatever he could, although he had had the equivalent of a high school education in Armenia. He attended church and Sunday School regularly. One day the pastor of the church he attended was asked to become president of a mid-western Methodist College. He accepted, bid good-bye to his flock and was off. And here is where you come in. Along about this time your book of poems was published. He brought a copy, was thrilled with it, was proud of it and decided to buy another copy and send it to Dr. Campbell, his former pastor who was now the president of Simpson College Iowa. Needless to say, Dr. Campbell was captivated by your book and what is more sent a night letter to my husband asking him if he would like to come to college, and that if my husband worked hard enough he could get scholarships for him! Dr. Campbell had evidently read all the nice things in the book the Armenian nation deeply appreciates the magnanimity of your undertaking and your sincere tribute to us. I can appreciate the inspiration you must have had to go on with a task so very very difficult. My husband's personal thank you for writing your book of poems is none the less sincere because I am writing this instead of his writing you a note. We have been married 16 years and in all that time he has written just one letter. I have done all his writing and I want you to know that it is a pleasure to write to you to tell you how we actually feel about your lovely poetry. I hope that you are in the best of health and with all kind wishes to you, I am Very sincerely yours, Goldie Martin NakashianApril 22, 1943. Armenia Dear Miss Blackwell, We enjoyed your Easter verses very much. They are very inspiring. Also my husband and I like the excerpts - especially the one by Helen Keller. It is so delightful to receive original verse - the poetry is so much dearer to one's heart. Sincerely, Goldie M. Nakashian Mt. Washington, Chelsea Mass., May 7, 1895. Dear Miss. Blackwell: Four favor of today is at hand. I was glad to know that you took care of the remaining six copies. I send enclosed 50 cents in stamps to give to Mrs. Borrows. Articles concerning the Armenians must have showered upon you from every quarter, and I have no doubt they are still showering. As you have not requested to have me return your translated poems. I inferred you intended me to put them in my scrap-book.Next Saturday evening, if nothing prevents, I will go to Fitchburg to address a mass-meeting for the Armenians, at the German Evangelical Church, the pastor of which is my friend. I will adopt your [resolutions] in this, and in other meetings, for they are to the point. The pastor will make all arrangements for it. I have no doubt I will remember your advice and try to "speak slow" The Armenians in Providence are active and devouted friends of liberty. To this end they have scarified much. Very truly yours [Dikeran D. Nalchajion]Dileran Nalchajican Dileran Nalchajican [Concurrence???] I thank you very much for your help in Providence meeting. You delivered an address which was worthy of Lucy Stone's daughter. I do not believe my poor and dry speech would have had any effect had yours not followed mine. I did not know you had a scrap-book for the Armenian articles. Do you wish me to send back your translated poem for it? Very truly yours Dileran D. NalchajianMt. Washington Chelsea Mass., May 3, 1895 Dear Miss Blackwell; I called on twice to see you but in vain. As you had gone I left two dollars with Mr. Blackwell to give to you and told him something about the selling of the books in the chapel in Providence. Think he might have forgotten to tell you I write this letter. I do not remember whether I sold more than five copies of the "A.B. in Turkey". I had some money in my pocket-book when I made change Friends were talking with me and the Armenians were urging me to go with them so I lost the track of my account. I was in hopes to have seen and ask you how many books you took away. I remember selling three copies to a man for one dollar and two other copies to two other men, and there were still other copies lying on the floor, but they were taken away before I left the chapel. Please let me know at your convenience whether I sold more than five copies. The Armenians asked me to address theirs meeting and I complied with their wish. I am glad that you are satisfied with our meeting in Providence. In the morning I went to Mrs. Spencer and expressed my thanks for her kindness, and efforts in the preparation for the meeting. She is certainly a very pleasant woman. I wish she was an evangelical Christian. What a great blessing she could be to the world! You can keep any articles I send you on woman suffrage, and also those on the Armenian question, if you like to do so. I am only too glad to send you anything that can be of any value to you. The Armenians in Providence wish to have a branch of the "U.F. of A." there among the Americans. I consulted Mrs. Spencer about this. She said she will consult Mr. Rice and report to me the result of their conference. I would like to know your opinion on this matter at yourMt. Washington Chelsea Mass. May 16th 1895 Dear Miss Blackwell, I would have written you sooner had I not been so ill. I took a severe cold in Fitchburg last Sunday, consequently I have been unfit to carry on my business. This evening, however I am better, and thinking you might like to hear the result of our meeting in Fitchburg. I take great pleasure in writing this letter, On account of the heavy rain, the meeting was not fully attended. Only about sixty were present, mostly Americans and Germans. The resolutions were adopted by a unanimous standing vote. The pastor of the church said he would send one copy to the State Department, one to the Foreign Office in England and another to the "Daily News". I hope he he has sent them before now. Almost all the Armenians know you, both here and abroad; the cultured class by your own name, and the common people by that of the "Phil-Armenian good girl", so you must not be surprised that the resolutions from Vermont were sent to you instead of being sent to Washington. Last Monday I received a letter from Van, which shows that the condition of that province is worse than ever. The only way by which the daily occurring atrocities can be put to an end is the creation of a Christian Government. Notwithstanding the Sultan the Porte and some others deluded by these again insist upon the Armenians being in the minority. I reject this false statement, and assert that the Turks are by no means in the majority. I hope that you also will direct the attention of your audiences and the readers of your articles to this point. With all due respect to my dear teacher. I serious object to that statement of Mr. Greene's' that the Armenians are in the minority. I noticed this when I read the book, but because it is so useful otherwise I thought it best not to say D. Nalsliajcan anything about it. But since I am told that some of the English papers have taken up this matter, it seemed to me to write an article to this effect. You may have read some of the editorials of the English papers stating that the Armenians cannot have a Christian Government in Armenia because they are in the minority. They point their readers to Mr. Green's statement for conformation. Affectionately yours, Dikran D. Nallchajian Mt. Washington Chelsea, Mass. April 21st 1895 Dear Miss Blackwell; As you know our meeting in Providence will be held next Sunday, April 28th at 3 P.M. Thinking you may not wish to be out of town two nights, I in close tickets for your use. Day before yesterday one of my American friends and myself went to Cliftondale to see if we could hold a meeting there in the Baptist Church. The committee will consider the matter and will let me know this week. I have distributed most of the copies of the "Woman's Column". I did not think it necessary to give any of them to those ministers in whose church we have already held meetings and have had resolutions signed and sent away. Will you kindly prepare resolutions for the Providence meeting? We heard from Mrs. Spencer again last Saturday. She has not yet been able to secure one of the noted speakers in Providence. She will let us know as soon as she secures one. I will occupy not more than twenty minutes. What I fear now is that Armenia after making such a great sacrifice will be put under the tyranny of Russia, which is quite as intolerable as that of Turkey. The "Standard" ought to be Dikeran Naleliajcan patronized by the woman suffragists, as it ranks next to the "Woman's Journal" for that great cause, at least in Boston. May God bless all the advocates of reform. Hoping to see you soon, I remain yours truly Dikran D. Nalchajcan Mt. Washington Chelsea Mass. July 15th, 1895. Dear Miss Blackwell: I have received your beautiful photograph. Please receive my heartiest thanks for sending it to me. I sent you this morning a copy of Dr. Tishendorffs booklet. After you have finished reading it please return the booklet to me. The other two tracts, which I sent you are mine, you can keep them, if you wish to do so. I sent you the last one because I told you that I would do so. It may not, however, help you a bit. In Haste, affectionately yours Dikran Nalchajcan Dikeran Nalchajcan Boston University School of Medicine Feb 2, 1896 Dear Miss Blackwell;- Your letter was duly received read and contents noted. I am sorry that you feel so badly for losing the extract of my Bother-in-law's letter. You are, indeed, excusable for losing 2 sheets of papers among your hundreds of sheets of papers. I am also sorry that you are overworking. Remember that after a long life is spent in pursuit of an object, [after all] still a great deal is left to be done. Dr. Grace Kimball is an able missionary. I know her well. It is surely comforting to think that the missionaries have [*Dikran Nalchajian*] decided to suffer marterdom if necessary rather than leave the poor persecuted people. I am glad that you thought of sending money direct by to Dr. G. Kimball; that will accomplish more than to send money to some head quarters, The hungry people cannot wait for the Sultan's permission. I feel that because of the late occurrences in Washington, the equal rights friends lost considerable ground. It is indeed sad to think that our senators made of themselves insensible beasts by strong drink, while our brave friends, the members of W.C.T.U. are trying to deliver the nation from the curse of the strong drink. In Haste very truly yours Dikran W. Nalchajian August 19, 1930 Miss Alice Stone Blackwell 3 Monadnock Street Dorchester, Mass. Dear Miss Blackwell: I am very sorry that I have not been able to go to see you some night before this, on account of illness in the family and being so busy. If you will let me know what night is convenient next week. I shall be very glad to go out to see you, and I shall be pleased to bring out the books I promised you. With my kind regards, I am, Very truly yours E. Naranjo M. P. S. Also please tell me how to get to your house. E.N.M.August 27, 1930 Miss Alice Stone Blackwell Chilmark Martha's Vineyard, Mass. My dear Miss Blackwell: I have received your kind letter of the 25th today, and I am pleased to know that you are spending the summer at such an interesting place. I attended the meeting at the Old South Church, and I heard you speak. It gave me great satisfaction to hear what you said, and I greatly admire your wide and liberal ideas. The change in the Presidency in Columbia has nothing to do with my residing in Boston. I have three children, all of whom were born in Brookline and I and my family are established here permanently. I am only Consul Ad-honorem, and I have my own business here in Boston. When you return to town, please let me know, and I shall go out to see you, and take out the books I offered you. With my best regards, I am, Very truly yours Enrique Naranjo M. 10 High Street Boston, Mass.[*Enrique Naranjo*] ENRIQUE NARANJO M. CONSUL DE COLOMBIA 10 HIGH STREET, BOSTON 9, MASS. October 25, 1929 Miss Alice Stone Blackwell 3 Monadnock Street Dorchester, Mass. Dear Miss Blackwell: I was greatly interested when I read the letter which I enclose in the Boston American. Naturally, I have known you for some time by name, and know of your work, and I should very much like to visit you some day. Please let me know what evenings you receive your friends. Very truly yours E. Naranjo M. EN:W Enc.[*Enrique Naranjo*] NATIONAL CITIZENS' COMMITTEE On Relations With Latin-America 212 FIRST STREET, S. E. Washington, D. C. 40 Honorary President Senator George W. Norris President John F. Moors Honorary Vice-Presidents Mrs. Edward P. Costigan Mrs. J. Borden Harriman Bishop Francis J. McConnell Congressman R. Walton Moore Senator David I. Walsh William Allen White Rabbi Stephen S. Wise Secretary Mercer G. Johnston Treasurer W.P. Neville Miss Alice Stone Blackwell Dear Friend: We thank you sincerely for your contribution of $5.00. It brings the welcome assurance that you too believe that "Justice is as strictly due between neighbor nations as between neighbor citizens". It will help materially to push forward the important task which you are now sharing with us. As a further evidence of your interest, will you not make use of the enclosed blank to send us the names and addresses of some of your friends or acquaintances who might also be willing to help us? Yours sincerely, Mercer G. Johnston Secretary I see your good letters in the N.Y. World from time to time MGJ Latin Am Con Room 2-265 Mass. Institute of Technology March 16, 1943 Miss Alice Stone Blackwell 1010 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts Dear Miss Blackwell: The National Council of American Soviet Friendship has now officially been launched under the chairmanship of Mr. Corliss Lamont in New York and the vice-chairmanship of Professor Ralph Barton Perry of Harvard University. Its headquarters are at 232 Madison Avenue, New York. A list of council members is enclosed in this letter. We are now building up our Regional Council in Massachusetts, and have received many tokens of sympathy and understanding. The tea for Mr. Thomas Harris, which was attended by fifty persons, was a success, and we are encouraged to go ahead. We know of your sympathy for the cause for which our Council stands. Our Provisional Council, therefore, asks you if it may add your name to our list of sponsors. This does not involve any financial obligation, but will give our Council the benefit of your support in the public eye, and of your advice in activities which the Council may undertake. The Council is strictly non-partisan, and tries to promote the better understanding of the two great peoples. Sincerely yours, Dirk J. Struik For the Provisional Council DJS:esmNATIONAL COUNCIL OF AMERICAN SOVIET FRIENDSHIP, INC. –– Corliss Lamont, Chairman Prof. Ralph Barton Perry, Vice-Chairman George Marshall, Treasurer Thomas L. Harris, National Secretary Alice Prentice Barrows, Executive Secretary Sponsors ––––––––––––––– Hon. Harold L. Ickes Prof. Robert S. Lynd Hon. William L. Batt Maurice Maeterlinck Senator Claude D. Pepper Fritz Mahler Eugene E. Barnett Prof. William M. Malisoff The Metropoligan Benjamin Raymond Massey Prof. George D. Birkhoff Prof. Kirtley F. Mather Simon Breines Dr. George R. Minot Louis Bromfield Charles Michael Mitzell Van Wyck Brooks Dr. Philip C. Nash Dr. Walter B.Cannon Eugene O'Neill William F. Cochran Dr. Frederick Douglas Patterson Aaron Copland Dr. E. C. Peters Jo Davidson Dr. John P. Peters Dr. Herbert John Davis Prof. Arthur Upham Pope Dr. C. A. Dykstra Henry W. Pope Prof. Albert Einstein Paul Robeson Rev. Frederick May Eliot Harold J. Rome Prof. Mildred Fairchild Joseph A. Rosen Homer Folks Rt. Rev. Henry K. Sherrill Dr. W. Horsley Gantt Dr. Henry E. Sigerist Dean Christian Gauss Vilhjalmur Stefansson Dr. Mortimer Graves Raymond Gram Swing Dr. A. D. Henderson Mills Ten Eyck Prof. William Ernest Hocking Dr. Max Thorek Dr. Ales Hrdlicka Rt. Rev. Henry St. George Tucker Langston Hughes Bishop W. J. Walls Hon. Stanley M. Isaacs Prof. Leroy Waterman Dr. Lewis Webster Jones Max Weber Rockwell Kent Dr. Mary E. Woolley Dr. John A. Kingsbury Dr. Max Yergan Serge Koussevitzky Art Young Prof. Emil Lengyel Dr. J. F. Zimmerman John F. Lewis, Jr. J. J. Zmrhal V. K. ZworylcinCouncil of National Defense Coordinator of Commercial and Cultural Relations between the American Republics State Department Building Washington, D.C. October 15, 1940 Dear Miss Blackwell: I have at hand your kind letter of October 9 and desire to thank you very sincerely for letting me see a copy of your interesting book entitled "Some Spanish American Poets." I have examined this publication with considerable interest and desire to assure you that your proposal in this respect will be brought to the attention of our advisory committee on publications and will be given careful consideration. Very sincerely yours, Robert G. Caldwell, Chairman, Cultural Relations Program Miss Alice Stone Blackwell, 1010 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Mass.The National Economic League 6 Beacon Street Boston, Mass. Executive Council Charles E. Hughes, Former Secretary of State Frank O. Lowden, Former Governor of Illinois John Hays Hammond, Mining Engineer James Rowland Angell, President Yale University Roger W. Babson, Statistician David Starr Jordan, Chancellor Emeritus Leland Stanford, Jr., Univ. Edward A. Filene, Merchant Charles M. Schwab, Chairman of the Board Bethlehem Steel Corp. Nicholas Murray Butler, President of Columbia University A. Lawrence Lowell, President of Harvard University Secretary and Treasurer, J. W. Beatson, 6 Beacon Street, Boston Purpose The purpose of the National Economic League is to create an informed and disinterested leadership for public opinion- a leadership that is free from partisan bias or class interest and that will be accepted as representing the best thought of this country. July 15, 1927 Dear Sir: As a member of our National Council, will you kindly let us know whether the enclosed questionnaire meets with your approval as covering the essential points that should be considered in connection with our study of the administration of justice? If so, will you please suggest any further revisions that, in your judgement, are advisable? Sincerely yours, J. W. Beatson Secretary To the Members of the National Council of The National Economic LeagueEconomic LeaguePlease revise and return to THE NATIONAL ECONOMIC LEAGUE 6 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. ––––––––––––––––– REFERENDUM ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE NOTE: These tentative questions are submitted for revision only, and not to be voted on. Will you please suggest any corrections, rearrangements or other questions that you think would improve our questionnaire; and will you kindly draw lines through any of the questions that in your opinion should be omitted as not being of major importance. to vote to vote JUDGES YES NO mark (X) mark (X) in this in this column column 1. Should judges of the State courts, in your State, (a) Be appointed by the Governor? ( ) ( ) (b) Be appointed by the Governor with the approval or assistance of the Judicial Council? ( ) ( ) (c) Be appointed by an elected chief justice? ( ) ( ) (d) Be appointed by an elected chief justice with the approval or assistance of the Judicial Council? ( ) ( ) (e) Be elected by the people? ( ) ( ) (f) Be elected by the people on a non-partisan, non-political and separate ballot? ( ) ( ) (g) Be appointed by some method (a to d above) but subject to confirmation at an election after some (say three) years of services, the ballot being merely for or against confirmation? ( ) ( ) (h) Should the term of office be ( ) ( ) (h1) For life? ( ) ( ) (h2) For a long term of years? ( ) ( ) (h3) For an indeterminate term terminable by resolution of the Legislature approved by the Governor? ( ) ( ) (h4) Until the age of 65 but terminable sooner as in h3? ( ) ( ) (h5) Until the age of 65 but terminable sooner by the Chief Justice with the approval of two-thirds of the Judicial Council and also subject to impeachment?( ) ( ) 2. Should judges of courts of record have the power, in connection with their instructions to the jury, to sum up the evidence and to make such comment on its weight and sufficiency including the credibility of witness as, in their opinion, the interests of justice may require? OTHER QUESTIONS COURTS 3. Should the whole judicial power of the states be unified and vested in one organization, of which all Judicial tribunals should be branches or departments or divisions? ( ) ( ) OTHER QUESTIONS 4. Should the organization of the administrative and clerical side of the courts be prescribed by the court and not by legislation? ( ) ( ) OTHER QUESTIONS 5. Should all rules of practice and procedure be determined by rules of court?( ) ( ) (a) Should the Legislature have power to annul any rule thus adopted? ( ) ( ) OTHER QUESTIONS 6. Should the appellate courts be allowed, in their discretion, to receive new evidence or have it taken, to make new finding of fact, to enter final judgment based on such evidence and findings and thus to avoid remanding for a new trial? ( ) ( ) OTHER QUESTIONSNOTE: These tentative questions are submitted for revision only, and not to be voted on. Will you please suggest any corrections, rearrangements or other questions that you think would improve our questionnaire; and will you kindly draw lines through any of the questions that in your opinion should be omitted as not being of major importance. to vote to vote YES NO mark (X) mark (X) in this in this column column JUDGES 1. Should judges of the State courts, in your State, (a) Be appointed by the Governor? ( ) ( ) (b) Be appointed by the Governor with the approval or assistance of the Judicial Council? ( ) ( ) (c) Be appointed by an elected chief justice? ( ) ( ) (d) Be appointed by an elected chief justice with the approval or assistance of the Judicial Council? ( ) ( ) (e) Be elected by the people? ( ) ( ) (f) Be elected by the people on a non-partisan, non-political and separate ballot? ( ) ( ) (g) Be appointed by some method (a to d above) but subject to confirm at an election after some (say three) years of service, the ballot being merely for or against confirmation? ( ) ( ) (h) Should the term of office be (h1) For life? ( ) ( ) (h2) For a long term of years? ( ) ( ) (h3) For an indeterminate term terminable by resolution of the Legislature approved by the Governor? ( ) ( ) (h4) Until the age of 65 but terminable sooner as in h3? ( ) ( ) (h5) Until the age of 65 but terminable sooner by the Chief Justice with the approval of two-thirds of the Judicial Council and also subject to impeachment ? ( ) ( ) 2. Should judges of courts of record have the power, in connection with their instructions to the jury, to sum up the evidence and to make such comment on its weight and sufficiency including the credibility of witnesses as, in their opinion, the interests of justice may require? OTHER QUESTIONS COURTS 3. Should the whole judicial power of the states be unified and vested in one organization, of which all Judicial tribunals should be branches or departments or divisions? ( ) ( ) OTHER QUESTIONS 4. Should the organization of the administrative and clerical side of the courts be prescribed by the court and not by legislation? ( ) ( ) OTHER QUESTIONS 5. Should all rules of practice and procedure be determined by rules of court?( ) ( ) (a) Should the Legislature have power to annul any rule thus adopted? ( ) ( ) OTHER QUESTIONS 6. Should the appellate courts be allowed, in their discretion, to receive new evidence or have it taken, to make new findings of fact, to enter final judgment based on such evidence and findings and thus avoid remanding for a new trial? ( ) ( ) OTHER QUESTIONS 7. Should the defendant in a criminal case, except one involving a penalty of death or life imprisonment, have the right to waive jury trial and be tried by the court? ( ) ( ) OTHER QUESTIONS 8. Should less than twelve of a jury be able to return a verdict (a) In civil cases? ( ) ( ) (b) In criminal cases? ( ) ( ) OTHER QUESTIONS9. Should the question of insanity or mental capacity as a defense be determined (a) By experts? (b) By the court? (c) By the jury? OTHER QUESTIONS BAR 10. Should two years of university work outside of a law school and three years of law school work, as recommended by the American Bar Association, be exacted for admission to the bar? OTHER QUESTIONS PROSECUTING OFFICERS 11. Should District Attorneys and other prosecuting officers in the states, except Attorney Generals, be (a) Appointed by the Governor? (b) Elected by the People? (c) Selected by the court in their respective jurisdictions? (d) Chosen by and be responsible to a single state Director of Prosecution? (e) Under the supervision and control of the chief law officer of the State, regardless of the manner of their election or appointment? Other questions LEGISLATION 12. Should all proposed laws be submitted to expert judicial counsel as a means of improving the technic of law making and of avoiding uncoordinated and inconsistent legislation? Other questions 13. Should there be uniform state laws on the following questions? (a) Marriage and divorce? (b) Probate Administration (including estates of decedents, minors and incompetent persons? (c) Decent and distribution? (d) Statute of frauds (e) Limitations? (f) Wills (both execution and probate)? (g) Conveyances (h) Death by wrongful act? (i) Admission to the bar? (j) Traffic laws and motor vehicle laws? (k) Compulsory attendance of witnesses and taking of depositions? (l) Liens on personal property? Other questions POLICE Should all city, county and rural police be unified in one state department under a single State Director? Other Headings and Questions 10. Should two years of university work outside of a law school and three years of law school work, as recommended by the American Bar Association, be exacted for admission to the bar? OTHER QUESTIONS PROSECUTING OFFICERS 11. Should District Attorneys and other prosecuting officers in the states, except Attorney Generals, be (a) Appointed by the Governor? (b) Elected by the people? (c) Selected by the courts in their respective jurisdictions? (d) Chosen by and be responsible to a single state Director of Prosecution? (e) Under the supervision and control of the chief law officer of the State, regardless of the manner of their election and appointment? OTHER QUESTIONS LEGISLATION 12. Should all proposed laws be submitted to expert judicial counsel as a means of improving the technic of law making and of avoiding uncoordinated and inconsistent legislation? OTHER QUESTIONS 13. Should there be uniform state laws on the following questions? (a) Marriage and divorce? (b) Probate Administration (including estates of decedents, minors and incompetent persons)? (c) Decent and distribution? (d) Statute of frauds? (e) Limitations? (f) Wills (both execution and probate)? (g) Conveyances? (h) Death by wrongful act? (i) Admission to the bar? (j) Traffic laws and motor vehicle laws? (k) Compulsory attendance of witnesses and taking of depositions? (l) Liens on personal property? OTHER QUESTIONS POLICE 14. Should all city, county and rural police be unified in one state department under a single State Director? Other Headings and Questions Submitted by Name........................ of (State).................. DOCUMENT C-3 ISSUED JULY 15, 1927 The National Economic League 6 Beacon Street Boston, Mass. Executive Council Charles E. Hughes, Former Secretary of State Frank O. Lowden, Former Governor of Illinois John Hays Hammond, Mining Engineer James Rowland Angell, President Yale University Roger W. Babson, Statistician David Starr Jordan, Chancellor Emeritus Leland Stanford, Jr., Univ. Edward A. Filene, Merchant Charles M. Schwab, Chairman of the Board Bethlehem Steel Corp. Nicholas Murray Butler, President of Columbia University A. Lawrence Lowell, President of Harvard University Secretary and Treasurer, J. W. Beatson, 6 Beacon Street, Boston Purpose The purpose of the National Economic League is to create an informed and disinterested leadership for public opinion- a leadership that is free from partisan bias or class interest and that will be accepted as representing the best thought of this country. June 15, 1928 Dear Sir: As a member of our National Council, will you please vote on as many of the enclosed questions as you may feel competent to answer by "yes" or "no" at the present time, and return the sheet to us at your early convenience? You will find in the June issue of "The Consensus", a copy of which has just been mailed to you, the vote and comments of the Special Committee which you nominated to consider these questions. Your Executive Committee, while realizing that many of the questions are of a technical nature, believes that they should be given careful consideration by every member of our League, since any adequate reform of our judicial system, you will agree, can be brought about only with the support of an informed and well directed public opinion. Any comments that you may care to add to your vote, or any other suggestions that you may care to make for the benefit of our Special Committee, will be much appreciated. Yours sincerely, J. W. Beatson, Secretary. To the Members of the National Council of The National Economic LeaguePlease return with your vote and comments to THE NATIONAL ECONOMIC LEAGUE 6 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. ------ REFERENDUM ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE JUDICIAL COUNCIL [*to vote YES mark (X) in this column*] [*to vote NO mark (X) in this column*] 1. Should there be a permanent Judicial Council in your State the duty of which should be to make a continuous study of the organization, procedure, and practice of the Courts, and to report from time to time to the Governor or Legislature upon the work of the various branches of the Judicial system, which recommendations for their improvement? (a) Should such a Judicial Council be given any further powers? If so, what? COMMENTS JUDGES 2. Should Judges of the State Courts, in your State, be (a) Appointed? I. If so, by whom? II. Subject to confirmation? III. If so, by whom? (b) Elected? I. By the people? II. If so, on a non-partisan, non-political and separate ballot? If not, by whom should they be elected? COMMENTS 3. Should the term of office be (a) For life, during good behavior? I. With definite age of retirement? II. If so, at what age? (b) For a term of years? I. If so, for how many years? COMMENTS COURTS 4. Should the whole judicial power of your State be unified and vested in one State organization, of which all judicial tribunals should be branches or departments or divisions? (a) Should there be specialized branches of the courts with specialist judges in the larger cities? 6 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. REFERENDUM ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE JUDICIAL COUNCIL [*to vote YES mark (X) in this column*] [*to vote NO mark (X) in this column*] 1. Should there be a permanent Judicial Council in your State the duty of which should be to make a continuous study of the organization, procedure, and practice of the Courts, and to report from time to time to the Governor or Legislature upon the work of the various branches of the Judicial system, which recommendations for their improvement? (a) Should such a Judicial Council be given any further powers? If so, what? COMMENTS JUDGES 2. Should Judges of the State Courts, in your State, be (a) Appointed? I. If so, by whom? II. Subject to confirmation? III. If so, by whom? (b) Elected? I. By the people? II. If so, on a non-partisan, non-political and separate ballot? If not, by whom should they be elected? COMMENTS 3. Should the term of office be (a) For life, during good behavior? I. With definite age of retirement? II. If so, at what age? (b) For a term of years? I. If so, for how many years? COMMENTS COURTS 4. Should the whole judicial power of your State be unified and vested in one State organization, of which all judicial tribunals should be branches or departments or divisions? (a) Should there be specialized branches of the courts with specialist judges in the larger cities? COMMENTS[*Yes*] [*NO*] 5. Should the organization of the administrative and clerical side of the courts, in your State, be prescribed (a) By each Court? (b) By the highest Court of the State? (c) By the Legislature? (d) By a State Judicial Council? COMMENTS 6. Should all rules of practice and procedure in your State be determined (a) By each Court? (b) By the highest Court of the State? (c) By the Legislature? (d) By a State Judicial Council? COMMENTS 7. Should trial judges in your State, in instructing the jury, have power to sum up the evidence orally, to comment upon its weight and sufficiency and upon the credibility of witnesses as in Federal Courts (a) In civil cases? (b) In criminal cases? COMMENTS 8. Should the Courts of Appeal be allowed, in their discretion, to receive new evidence or have it taken, to make new findings of fact, to enter final judgment based on such evidence and findings and thus to avoid remanding for a new trial (a) In civil cases? (b) In criminal cases? COMMENTS 9. Should the defendant in a criminal case have the right to waive jury trial and be tried by court? (a) Would you except death or life imprisonment cases? (c) By the Legislature? (d) By a State Judicial Council? COMMENTS 6. Should all rules of practice and procedure in your State be determined (a) By each Court? (b) By the highest Court of the State? (c) By the Legislature? (d) By a State Judicial Council? COMMENTS 7. Should trial judges in your State, in instructing the jury, have power to sum up the evidence orally, to comment upon its weight and sufficiency and upon the credibility of witnesses as in Federal Courts (a) In civil cases? (b) In criminal cases? COMMENTS 8. Should the Courts of Appeal be allowed, in their discretion, to receive new evidence or have it taken, to make new findings of fact, to enter final judgment based on such evidence and findings and thus to avoid remanding for a new trial (a) In civil cases? (b) In criminal cases? COMMENTS 9. Should the defendant in a criminal case have the right to waive jury trial and be tried by court? (a) Would you except death or life imprisonment cases? I. Would you advocate three Judges' sitting on such cases? COMMENTSRelease for publication June 18, 1928. Summary of the report of a Special Committee of The National Economic League on The Administration of Justice Of all the problems confronting this country at the present time the most important, in the opinion of the The National Economic League, is the administration of justice. Several months ago the League appointed a committee of judges, lawyers, professors of law and laymen, from all part of the country to consider the subject. The Committee has outline the problem in a series of questions which they have voted and commented on and which are now published in the June issue of The Consensus, the quarterly publication of the League. There are twenty-two main questions. The first relates to the establishment of permanent State Judicial Councils. They duty of these Councils would be to study the various branches of the law in action, and to make recommendations for their improvement. This proposal is generally considered by the Committee to be of great importance and is favored by ninety per cent of the members who voted on it. With regard to the selection and tenure of judges, two-thirds of the voting members of the Committee were found to be in favor of an appointive as against an elective judiciary, a majority favoring life tenure with a definite age of retirement, the age of seventy being most generally approved. Most of those who favor an elective judiciary believe that the election should be by means of a non-partisan, non-political, and separate ballot. Under the general subject of State Courts proposals for the unification of the judicial system and for specialized branches of the courts with specialist judges in the larger cities are overwhelmingly favored. Rules of practice and procedure, most of the members think, should be determined by the highest court of each state. The proposal to give trial judges power, in both civil and criminal cases, to sum up the evidence orally, to comment upon its weight and sufficiency and upon the credibility of witnesses is also favored, by over eighty per cent of the members voting. On the question of avoiding re-trial by allowing the courts of appeals to receive new evidence, or have it taken, to make new findings of facts, and to enter final judgments based upon such evidence or findings, the Committee is more nearly divided. Twenty-six members as against twenty are in favor of adopting this procedure for civil cases. A bare majority favor it for criminal cases. About ninety per cent of the members of the Special Committee think that the defendant in a criminal case should be given the right to waive jury trial and be tried by court. Only one-third of the members would except either death or life imprisonment cases . Two-thirds of the Committee would, however, advocate three judges sitting in such cases. Nearly two-thirds of the Committee believe that the defendant in a criminal case should not be required to take the witness stand and submit to examination and cross-examination and that comment on his failure to take the stand should be allowed. The Committee is also nearly unanimous (fifty-nine as against six) in favor of the proposal to enable less than twelve of the jury to return a verdict in civil cases. In criminal cases the vote was forty-one favoring as against twenty-one opposing. Sixty per cent of the Committee would not except cases involving the death penalty or life imprisonment. A majority of the members were in agreement that nine jurors should concur in such verdicts. In misdemeanor cases a smaller jury is considered advisable by most of the Committee, a jury of six being generally favored. On the question of the mental capacity of a person to be tried for a crime three-fourths of the Committee believe that this should be taken out of the forensic field and determined by a disinterested body of experts, and that the question of irresponsibility should be determined by the court rather than by the jury. For the improvement of the bar, two main questions are submitted. The first proposes that the entire bar of each state should have an official organization with compulsory membership, annual dues, and powers of self-discipline, subject to judicial review or appeal. On this question thirty-three members voted yes as against twenty-two opposed. The second question, together with the vote theron is as follows: Should two years of college work outside of law school and three years of law school work, as recommended by the American Bar Association, be exacted for admission to the bar? Yes 46. No 14. (a) Should there be an examination on character and fitness as well as on knowledge of rules of law? Yes 58. No 1. b. Should there be educational requirements other than knowledge of law? Yes 52. No 5. There is a nearly equal division of opinion as to whether district attorneys, and other prosecuting officers, excepting attorneys general, should be appointed or elected. That there should be standing legislative counsel or other advisory persons appointed by the Legislature, to assist in the study of pending legislation as means of improving the technic of law-making and of avoiding uncoordinated and inconsistent legislation, is accepted almost unanimously. Uniform state laws on many subjects are deemed desirable by a majority of the Committee. A majority of the Committee does not believe that grand juries should be abolished in favor of the proposal to initiate all criminal proceedings by information, but they are of the opinion that there should be a reclassification of crimes with a view to limiting the requirements of indictment by grand jury to a smaller number of the more serious offenses. Over eighty per cent of the Committee believe that many violations of law, now called crimes and involving a criminal record but punishable only by fines, should be converted by statute into civil offences involving liability to the state without criminal record. The proposal for state legislature to provide for public defenders was favored by a small majority, thirty-two against twenty-seven. Legislation for making agreements to arbitrate business dispute valid and enforcible by summary procedure is favored by sixty per cent of the Committee. The votes on the above questions, the League states, are in the nature of a preliminary survey of present opinion and are intended to provide a basis for further intensive study of the subject. [Left column] EXECUTIVE COUNCIL JOHN HAYS MAMMOND MINING ENGINEER CHARLES M. SCHWAB CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD, BETHLEHEM STEEL CO. JAMES ROWLAND ANGELL PRESIDENT YALE UNIVERSITY A. LAWRENCE LOWELL PRESIDENT HARVARD UNIVERSITY ROGER W. BABSON STATISTICIAN FRANK O. LOWDEN FORMER GOVERNOR OR ILLINOIS DAVID STARR JORDAN CHANCELLOR EMERITUS LELAND STANFORD, JR., UNIV. EDWARD A. FILENE MERCHANT GEORGE W. WICKERSHAM FORMER ATTORNEY-GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER PRESIDENT OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY SECRETARY AND TREASURER J.W. BEATSON 6 BEACON STREET, BOSTON [Middle column] THE NATIONAL ECONOMIC LEAGUE 6 Beacon Street Boston, Mass. [Right column] THE PURPOSE OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMIC LEAGUE IS TO CREATE AN INFORMED AND DISINTERESTED LEADERSHIP FOR PUBLIC OPINION- A LEADERSHIP THAT IS FREE FROM PARTISAN BIAS OR CLASS INTEREST AND THAT WILL BE ACCEPTED AS REPRESENTING THE BEST THOUGHT OF THIS COUNTRY. April 16th, 1928. Dear Sir: Will you do us the service of checking on the enclosed ballot the names of twenty or more men who, in your estimation, would be most desirable, by reason of their standing or qualification as leaders of public opinion, to represent your State on the National Council of our League? Very truly yours, J. W. BEATSON, Secretary.GENERAL PROGRAM National Federation of Press Women, Inc. Mrs. Joseph E. Goodbar, President 36 West 44th St., New York City New York – June 24, 25, 26, 1939 June 24 (1) 10:30 A.M. Waldorf Astoria Hotel – Registration and Business Meeting. (2) 1 – 4 P.M. Welcoming Tea, with Program, by Hostess Club – Woman's Press Club of New York City, Mrs. Minna Hall Carothers, President. Given at Hotel Pennsylvania. Free for visiting delegates. (3) 4 P.M. World's Fair Visit, arranged by Woman's Press Club of New York City. Official welcome at the National Advisory Club House. Dinner afterward (optional – not to cost over $2 each). Admission to Fair to be paid by each woman for herself. June 25 (Sunday) (4) 11 A.M. Church Services, with special sermon for women of the press, by Ralph W. Sockman, Radio Minister of the Air, Pastor of Christ M.E. Church, at 60th and Park Avenue, New York City. (5) 5 – 9 P.M. Sunday Night Supper Tea, to be given by Woman's Press Club of New York City, in honor of the delegates, at the home of Mrs. George Muhlenberg, 1st Vice-President, 386 Parkside Avenue, Brooklyn. Followed by a program, including newspaper women speakers. Escorts provided for delegates. No charge. June 26 (6) 10:30 A.M. Business Meeting – Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. (7) 2:00 P.M. Special Beauty Show, with presents for all, given by Richard Hudnut Salon, 693 Fifth Avenue. No charge. (8) 4:00 P.M. Fashion Show and Tea, given for our members by Lord and Taylor, at 5th Avenue and 38th Street. No charge. (9) 8:00 P.M. Annual Banquet, at Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. Distinguished speakers, outstanding program, awarding of prizes and Certificates of Merit. Tickets, $3.50, plus 12¢ tax, for those not having paid full registration fee. (9a) 9:30 P.M. Program following Banquet, available also to others than those attending banquet. If partial registration fee of $2 has been paid, no charge. Others, $1 each for admission. (10) 11:30 P.M. After-banquet trip through Herald-Tribune establishment; great newspaper in process of publication. No charge. Registration Fees Full Registration $5.50 plus 17¢ tax Partial " $2.00 " 6¢ tax Either registration entitles members and delegates to attend, without additional cost, (a) business meetings; (b) affairs listed above, where no charge is specified; (c) Program following banquet, without charge; (d) affairs, for which charge is specified, may be attended on payment of such charge. Full registration includes, also, payment for one ticket to the Annual Banquet. National League of Women Voters Committee on Living Costs Mrs. Edward P. Costigan, Chairman 532 Seventeenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. March 16, 1923. News Letter THE UNITED STATES COAL COMMISSION: A year ago the Living Costs Committee of the National League of Women Voters, among other measures, endorsed legislation calling for a governmental investigation of the coal industry. Thereafter, on September 22, 1922 Congress passed a law which established the United States Coal Commission. Shortly before its adjournment, on March 4, 1923 amendments to the law which greatly strengthened it were also enacted by Congress. Under these amendments witnesses will be permitted to submit replies to questionnaires, without appearing in person, and more drastic punishment is provided for those who refuse to give the information required by the Commission or who testify falsely. Authority is given under which Judge Alschuler of the Federal Court in Illinois may continue to serve upon the Commission, but without additional remuneration other than the necessary expenses of traveling and maintenance The date of expiration of the Commission has been extended from September 1923, until March 1924, and a further appropriation of $400,000 has been granted. The extension of time and the enlarged appropriation were necessary to enable the Commission to complete its work. The President of the Commission is quoted as having said that "the recommendations to be made will fully justify any expenditure". ANTI-FILLED MILK BILL: The Living Costs Committee at the Annual Convention in 1922, also recommended federal legislation prohibiting the manufacture and sale of "filled milk". On March 4, 1923 President Harding signed the Ladd-Voight Anti-Filled Milk Bill, which passed the Senate on March 1, without a record vote. As finally enacted the bill contained two changes from the measure which passed the House in May, 1922, by a vote of 250 to 40. One of these changes was for the purpose of clarifying the bill; the other to make an exception in the case of certain special combinations of milk and other substances prescribed by physicians and designed for feeding infants and young children. The Act declares that "filled milk is an adulterated article of food, injurious to public health and its sale constitutes a fraud upon the public". It forbids the manufacture and sale within the District of Columbia and possessions of the United States, and the shipment in interstate or foreign commerce of milk compounds in which any fat other than milk-fat is an ingredient. National Women's Trade Union League of America Endorsed by the American Federation of Labor and the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada Mrs. Raymond Robins, Honorary President (Chicago Women's Trade Union League) Rose Schneiderman, President (Cloth Hat and Cap Makers' Union) Matilda Lindsay, Vice-President (Federal Employees' Union) Elisabeth Christman, Secretary-Treasurer (Glove Workers' Union) Executive Board Mary E. Dreier (New York Women's Trade Union League) Mrs. Mary V. Halas (Woman's Auxiliary Nat'l Fed'n of P.O. Clerks) Irma Hochstein (Office Employees' Union) Agnes Nestor (Glove Workers' Union) Ethel M. Smith (Federal Employees' Union) Mrs. Maud Swartz (Typographical Union, No. 6) Finance Committee Mrs. Gifford Pinchot, Chairman Mrs. Jonathan Bulkley Mrs. Richard S. Childs Mrs. Herbert Croly Miss Mary E. Dreier Mrs. J. Borden Harriman Mrs. Harold L. Ickes Miss Amy G. Maher Mrs. Walter Merriam Mrs. John F. Moors Mrs. Raymond Robins Mrs. Boyce Thompson Schulze Miss Mary Van Kleeck Mrs. Helen T. Woolley Machinists Building Ninth Street and Mt. Vernon Place, N. W. Washington, D.C. Cable Address: "Lifelabor" April 22d 1931 Dear Miss Blackwell; The moment I stepped into the office after my absence at our Southern Industrial Conference at Greensboro and a trip to Danville, Virginia, where we are trying to work out a labor constitution, my discerning secretary held up a warning finger- and told me that a "drought" is no longer hovering over the National League's treasury- that it has been actually struck by one! We cannot curtail our program; our Greensboro Conference and my stay in Danville have convinced me of that. Keeping the program going and meeting fresh demands tell me that wherewithal is essential- and so I am coming to you, as a long-time supporter of the League, to make a plea for the renewal of your previous membership of $5.00 and your contribution of $20.00. I wish I could tell you how much it would mean to have your help now. We must keep our Southern representative in Danville and at the same time meet the other demands made upon us. And, by the way, April 30th ends our fiscal year- I must make the grade! Deepest thanks. Faithfully yours, Elisabeth Christman Secretary-Treasurer Miss Alice Stone Blackwell 3 Monadnock Street, Upham's Corner Boston, Mass. EC BMWomen's Trade Union League