Blackwell Family Alice Stone Blackwell Correspondence Letters to the Editor (printed)CRUELTY IN INDIA Circumstantial Reports of Police Brutality Toward Nationalists To the Editor of the Republican: - Americans interested in India are chafing under the close British censorship maintained over the news from that country. It extends to letter as well as newspapers. Even a report to the Labor party was taken out of the mail. The rulers of India, like the rulers of the Kentucky coal fields, are unwilling that the outside world should know what is going on there. In both cases the natural inference is that they have reason to fear the light. Yet occasionally some news slips through. Lately a young English missionary named Reynolds made his way from the Northwest province to protest to the viceroy against the barbarities committed by the troops -- such, he said, as almost made one "ashamed of being an Englishman." According to him, their method is to raid the villages in the dead of night, beat up all the villagers, strip them of their clothing and burn it, and burn down the Nationalist headquarters. Peter Freeman, former member of Parliament, has also sent in a protest. He writes: "I was going along the main street of Madras today, when I saw about a dozen Indians walking quietly along, one carrying a flag. They were members of the Congress. Such action is illegal in India, so when they reached a policeman the flag was taken out of his hand, and without further ado the police officer started hitting him repeatedly with a heavy lathi (bludgeon) as hard as he could hit, on every part of his body, including many blows on his head. "The man was knocked down and became unconscious after a short time, but the rain of blows continued even while he lay helpless on the ground. By this time a carload of about 20 additional police had arrived, all armed with heavy lathis. Other members of the little group were then attacked and beaten mercilessly, but without any retaliation or counter attack. "To their shame, four English sergeants were present, and rather encouraged than otherwise this treatment of untried, harmless citizens. If they had committed an illegal act, they could have been arrested, tried and, if guilty, whatever punishment was necessary properly administered by the proper authority. But for the police to have the power to take the law into their own hands and use such cruel and brutal methods is a denial of every sense of justice and fair play which is the backbone of English tradition and humanity. Such sights are unfortunately of almost daily occurrence in every large town throughout India. No fair reports of such cases are permitted in any newspaper." Women are beaten, too. Verrier Elwin, a Christian missionary in India, speaks of the remarkable courage shown by the women: "A huge procession of 1500 women walked quietly through the streets of Borsad to receive without fear of retaliation an assault of beating and abuse from the police. Their leader, covered with her blood-stained garments, walked bravely on, repeating the holy name of God, to receive still further blows." Comdr J. M. Kenworthy, vice-president of the Air League of the British Empire, and former member of Parliament, says in the Boston Sunday Advertiser of the 3d:-- "The jails are full to overflowing, and special compounds for prisoners have been established, where those held during the pleasure of his majesty's government live in tents behind barbed wire. Even Miss Madline Slade, the gently-nurtured daughter of a British admiral, whom I know personally, is held in jail. This poor girl is utterly incapable of any violent act. The real terrorism in India is the oppression by the native police, with their British officers. These unfortunate public servants are goaded into acts of ever-increasing violence and pugnacity." And he predicts that "this policy of ruthless suppression" will finally cause "the end of British imperialism in India." ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Boston, April 6, 1932. [*Boston Globe Oct 3 1947*] Ghandhi at 78, Doesn't Want to Live Longer NEW DELHI, India; Oct. 2 (AP) -- Mohandas K. Gandhi, who was 78 today, said tonight he had lost all desire to live longer because "what is the use of living while hatred and killing have marred the atmosphere." "The time was when whatever I said the Indian masses followed, but today mine is a lone voice," Gandhi declared soon after he broke a 24- hour fast prior to his evening prayer meeting. "Many people came to congratulate me on my birthday, including Lady Mountbatten (wife of Earl Mountbatten, Governor-General of India) and foreign ambassadors," the Indian leader said. "Scores of telegrams from near and far, basketfuls of flowers, plentiful cash and glowing tributes have been pouring in, but I felt sore at heart. They all looked like condolences." Events of the day, however, belied Gandhi's avowal of his lost influence. The Indian Government declared the day a national holiday, students toured New Delhi shouting slogans of communal peace and government leaders addressed peace rallies as part of the observance of his birthday. Streams of well-wishers visited the frail leader, who rose at 3:30 a. m. and started his usual routine of fasting, meditation, prayer and conference. [*NY Times Oct 2 1947*] GANDHI 79 TODAY; FETE TO BE SIMPLE Hand Spinning Chief Ceremony --Flood Complicates India's Handling of Refugees By ROBERT TRUMBULL Special to The New York Times. NEW DELHI, India, Oct. 1 -- Tomorrow throughout India many millions will observe the seventy-ninth birthday anniversary of Mohandas K. Gandhi, to whom most of the credit is given for bringing India "freedom" through "non-violence." The Dominion Government today declared tomorrow a national holiday. Programs, consisting mostly of prayers for Mr. Gandhi's long life and the advancement of his adult education and uplift projects are planned in the principal cities. A feature of Mr. Gandhi's birthday celebrations will be non-stop spinning on India's traditional spinning wheel, the "charkha," which Mr. Gandhi advanced as a symbol of non-violence, freedom and industriousness. A conventional "charkha," copied from a model atop the pillar erected by the great Emperor Asoka in this city more than 2,000 years ago and still standing, is now the central device in the flag of the Dominion of India. In New Delhi and other cities many followers of Mr. Gandhi's teachings plan to spin on the "charkha" without stopping for seventy-nine hours -- one hour for each year of the leader's life. The yarn thus manufactured will be presented to Mr. Gandhi. Floods Pose New Problem To the other immense problems of the two Indian Dominions have been added the floods, which in three days have destroyed hundreds of villages, damaged valuable machinery, swept thousands into sudden destitution and may add drastically to the serious food problem. The flood level in Delhi and in some surrounding areas shows signs of diminishing, though in places along the Jumna River the muddy, swirling flood waters cover the countryside for a width of four to six miles from the normal course of the river. Unless the flood recedes quickly it is feared that crops will be ruined, enhancing the danger of famine this winter. In Delhi welfare authorities have suddenly had thrust upon them 30,000 flood refugees in addition to the more than 20,000 Moslem, Hindu and Sikh evacuees already here from disturbed areas. Three camps have been set up for flood victims and food, medicine and cattle fodder are being sent to marooned villagers by air, as well as by boats, rafts and army amphibious vehicles. The loss of life in the flood is believed to be small. However, the danger of epidemics in the filthy squalid refugee camps continues to mount. In the last week of September 207 cases of suspected cholera were admitted to hospitals here and thirty-three deaths among them were reported. Because of numerous breaks in the rail lines caused by floods, virtually all railway service is at a standstill on the main refugee routes and road traffic also is stalled by frequent washouts. A correspondent at Lahore reported today after a flight over the Punjab that 300,000 Sikh refugees were held at the Balloki Canal head, twenty-five miles west of Lahore, where the river Ravi is a "raging torrent." A column of 100,000 Moslem refugees was attacked, presumably by Silks, nine miles west of Amritsar, with forty-five refugees killed and twenty-five wounded, according to military reports today. Six of the raiders were known to have been killed and three arrested. A military spokesman said that collective fines had been imposed on the villages from which the attackers came. The military spokesman also reported today instances in which Sihk villagers had helped Moslem evacuees between the Beas River and Amritsar with fresh drinking water and milk. Some attacks on non-Moslem caravans in West Punjab were listed without detail. Near Lyallpur, in Pakistan, eighty-five miles west of Lahore, 145 non-Moslem refugees were reported to have been killed and forty-six wounded in an attack on a camp. Police said they had killed twenty raiders. In Pakistan's North West Frontier Province Moslems, according to military intelligence, attacked a convoy of trucks between Lakki and Bannu, killing twenty-seven refugees and wounding nineteen. Three Moslems were killed. Trouble was boilig today in some of the Indian Princely States. The provisional government of the State of Junagadh, protesting the Nawab's accession to Pakistan, seized the State House in Rajkot. in Bangalore, capital of Mysore State, police killed five rioters.BOSTON TRAVELER, SATURDAY, MAY 19 1945 B.U. Gives Honorary Degree To Alice Stone Blackwell Dr. Alice Stone Blackwell, 88, pioneer in women's suffrage work and champion of child labor legislation, will receive an honorary Doctor of Humanities degree at the commencement exercises of Boston University in Symphony Hall Monday. A graduate of the B. U. College of Liberal Arts in 1881, Dr. Blackwell was elected to membership in the Phi Beta Kappa in her senior year. Throughout her life she has worked for women's rights and was active in promoting social legislation in many fields. She was president of the New England and Massachusetts Woman's Suffrage Associations, was a presidential elector for Lafollette in 1924, and is honorary president of the Massachusetts League of Women Voters. She has been a write, journalist, and poetess and has translated many Armenian and Russian works into English. Her home is at 1010 Massachusetts avenue, Cambridge. DR. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Miss Blackwell Alice Stone Blackwell has always been associated with another era, an important one in American history, but one which seems long past. She is usually identified as the daughter of Lucy Stone, who called the first women's rights convention together at Worcester 95 years ago. Miss Blackwell, herself, was an important figure in the movement that led to the Woman Suffrage Amendment to the United States Constitution. But neither the political success of her cause, nor the passing of years, has aged Miss Blackwell's point of view. At intervals which many wished were more frequent, her quiet, unpretentious voice has entered public discussions, always on the forward-looking side of questions. Her place is well established and unique. the community joins in congratulating her on her 88th birthday. Writer Overcome by Joy RIO DE JANEIRO, Nov. 15 (U.P.) - Gabriela Mistral, who for the past four or five years has been Chilean consul in Petropolic, Rio de Janeiero's exclusive summer resort, was so overcome when informed that she had won the Nobel Prize that she was unable to make a statement and asked to be excused until tomorrow. She appeared deeply moved and happy. N.Y. Times. Nov. 15, 1945 Taught at Colleges Here Lucila Godoy, using the name of Gabriela Mistral, is one of the best known Spanish-language poets and also one of the first South American women to hold public office. Born April 7, 1889, she has been active in Chilean education since 1911 when she became a Professor of Hygiene. She taught at Middlebury College and Barnard College in the United States. She first won prominence as a writer in 1908 with a book of poems. Since then she has written many poems, which have been published in South America, Europe and the United States _______________________ Dr. Alice Stone Blackwell Awarded Doctor of Humanities Degree by Boston University Dr. Alice Stone Blackwell, 88, noted women's suffrage worker and pioneer of child labor legislation, received an honorary degree of Doctor of Humanities at the Commencement exercises of Boston University Monday morning in Symphony Hall, Boston. A graduate of the B. U. College of Liberal Arts in 1881, Dr. Blackwell was elected to membership in the Phi Beta Kappa in her senior year. Throughout her life she has worked for women's rights and was active in promoting social legislation in many fields. She was president of the New England and Massachusetts Woman's Suffrage Associations, was a presidential elector for La Follette in 1924, and is honorary president of the Massachusetts League of Women Voters. She has been a writer, journalist, and poetess and has translated many Armenian and Russian works into English. Here home is at 1010 Massachusetts avenue, Cambridge.BISHOP DOANE vs. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE. To the Editor of the Transcript: Upon seeing Bishop Doane's contemptuous assertion that taxation without representation is not tyranny, a good many readers of the Transcript must have smiled and remembered Hon. George F. Hoar's words, spoken some years ago, :We have driven our leading opponents from one position to another until there is not a thoughtful opponent of woman suffrage to be found who is not obliged to deny the doctrine affirmed in our Declaration of Independence." Bishop Doane says, "It never meant and it never could mean that every individual who paid a tax should have a vote." This does not seem so clear to some other people as it does to him. Florence Nightingale, for instance, on being asked her reasons for believing in woman suffrage, answered, " It seem to me almost self-evident, an axiom, that every tax-payer should have a voice in the expenditure of the money we pay, including, as this does, interests the most vital to a human being." Bishop Doane says, if this were true, minors whose estates pay taxes ought to vote. Doubtless Florence Nightingale would have said that every taxpayer was entitled to vote on the expenditure of the tax-money, except where some very good reason could be shown to the contrary. In the case of tax-paying minors, idiots and insane persons, this good reason exists. It is obvious. But where is the good reason in the case of women? Bishop Doane says if there ought to be no taxation without representation, there ought to be no representation without taxation. But this is "a non sequitur by a hundred miles." Benjamin Franklin said that even where a man had not property to be affected by the law, his liberty and life were affected by it, and these were things of considerable importance to him. Whether this view be right or wrong, it has prevailed, and the property qualification for suffrage has been abolished. To me, the fact that every citizen's personal interests are affected by the law is an even stronger reason why he should have a vote than the fact that his property interest are affected by it. But some people can see it from the point of view of taxation who cannot see it from any other. The fundamental argument for woman suffrage is short and simple. It is identical with the argument for a Republican form of Government as opposed to a monarchy. Except where some good reason can be shown to the contrary, everyone is entitled to be consulted in regard to his own concerns The laws he has to obey and the taxes he has to pay do intimately concern him; and the only way of being consulted in regard to them, under our system of Government is through the ballot. Good reasons exist why children, idiots, lunatics and criminals should not be consulted. But every effort to show a good reason in the case of the women breaks down; and the more the subject is discussed, the clearer it becomes that so such reason exists. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. IRELAND AND INDIA To the Editor of The Herald: The increased Republican vote in Ireland seems to be due largely te resentment against the extremely high-handed measure taken by the government of the Irish Free State to put down the movement for a republic. William Burn's letter in a recent Herald is illuminating, and other press correspondents have thrown still further light on the subject. In India, the ordinances which the Viceroy refused to discuss with Gandhi were patterned after those in Ireland, but they go still further. These are some of their points: The government is empowered to requisition any property, movable or immovable, without compensation to the owner. It may impose collective punishment upon a whole community for offences committed by individuals. Blanket authority is given to local governments to "take such action as they think necessary." No civil or criminal proceedings may be brought against any one for any action taken "or purporting to be taken" under these ordinances. As in Ireland, special tribunals are set up for trying political offences: all the safeguards are removed which have usually been thought necessary to insure an accused person a fair trial; and no appeal is allowed. When resentment against these ordinances led to a boycott of British industries, the Viceroy issued another series of ordinances, even more extreme, making practically every form of peaceful protest a penal offence. In Ireland a dozen associations have been outlawed, including some whose work was perfectly legitimate, like the Irish women's society for the relief of political prisoners. In India the Viceroy has outlawed more than 500 organizations, including such innocent ones as spinning schools and "anti-drink societies." In Ireland there are said to be 40 political prisoners. In India there are thousands. An what is the result? In Ireland, De Valera is elected head of the state. In India, a press dispatch to the New York Times says, the government is having great trouble with the nationalist movement; the boycott of British goods has grown "very severe" and even the children in the schools are becoming disaffected. Extreme and violent repression is not the wisest way to deal with people who think they have a grievance. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Boston, March 1, March 5, 1932 GANDHI AS REFORMER Consistent Foe of Prostitution, Untouchability and Violence To the Editor of The Republican: - At a recent meeting of the Springfield branch of the Women's Foreign Missionary society, Miss Clementina Butler gave an address one Gandhi. She is reported in your columns as saying that he had done nothing against temple prostitution, the keeping of women at the temples for the service of anyone who comes. Gandhi has been a strong and outspoken opponent of this iniquity. He says: "All of us men must hang our heads in shame so long as there is a single woman whom we dedicate to our passion." Rev. C. F. Andres in his book, "Mahatma Gandhi's Ideas," says: "Gandhi, more than anyone else in modern times, has been the one heroic and chivalrous personality who, like Josephine Butler in England, has dealt fearlessly and directly with this painful and difficult subject." (prostitution). Dr. Will Durant, in "The Lease for India," says of Gandhi: "He has educated his people; he has aroused them, as no man before in their history, to the evils of untouchability, temple prostitution, child marriage, unmarriageable widows, and the traffic in opium." Miss Butler also questioned the sincerity of Gandhi's belief in nonviolence, and quoted him as saying that "if need be a million lives would be shed for India's freedom." He said that the Indians in their former non-violent campaigns had had to face the lathis (bludgeons) of the police, but that they must now be prepared to face bullets, and to give their lives; and that India's freedom would be worth the sacrifice of a million lives. This has been misrepresented as a threat to take a million British lives, and Miss Butler has apparently been misled by the false report. Gandhi said he would rather have India wait forever for her freedom than gain it by shedding blood. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Boston, April 28, 1932 May 12, 1894 RUSSIAN WOMAN LEADER SENT GIFT Herald Mme. Breshkovsky, Befor Death, Remembered Miss Blackwell 9/15/34 [By the Associated Press] The death of Catherine Breshkovsky "little grandmother of the Russian revolution," in Czechoslovakia this week followed closely the receipt of a gift from her by Alice Stone Blackwell of Boston, veteran woman's rights worker The gift symbolized the movement for the uplift of women. It was in recognition of Miss Blackwell's part in the collection of funds to support boarding schools for poor children founded by Mme. Breshkovsky in Russian Carpathia, now a district of Czechoslovakia. The gift consisted of a large portfolio, with an elaborately carved leather cover illustrating an old Russian legend. The legend tells the story of "Helen the Beautiful," who when rescued from the clutches of a dragon devoted her life to trying to free all women from injustice and oppression. Clara Barton TO THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR: Clara Barton should be gratefully remembered during the Red Cross drive. As originally organized in Europe, the Red Cross provided only for giving help in time of war. When Clara Barton tried to have a Red Cross established in America, the authorities said, "We are just out of one war and we mean never to have another; so there will be no use for a Red Cross." Miss Barton went to Europe and persuaded the Red Cross to adopt an amendment to its constitution, broadening its scope to cover giving help in great natural disasters such as fire or flood. It was called "the American amendment." Her efforts to get a Red Cross in this country continued to be fruitless, however, until General Garfield was elected President. He had been on the battlefield when she was caring for the wounded so near the front that bullets cut through her dress. He promised her to do his best to bring about the establishment of a national Red Cross here. He was assassinated before this was accomplished; but his successor carried out the pledge. Clara Barton was the mother of the American Red Cross, and it is owing to her that the world-wide Red Cross gives help, not in war alone, but also in all great calamities. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Cambridge, Mass. GANDHI'S FAST Will be commemorated and its probable effects upon the Indian situation discussed at a MEETING AT SIX BYRON ST., BOSTON TUESDAY, MAY 30 - 8 P.M. Chairman, CLARENCE R. SKINNER, Dean, Tufts Theological School SPEAKERS: L.O. HARTMAN, Editor, Zion's Herald MRS. ERNEST HOCKING, in India, 1932, as member of Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry AN INDIAN REPRESENTATIVE ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Friend of Indian Freedom RICHARD B. GREGG, Editor, Indian News Bulletin The meeting will he held whether Gandhi survives the fast or not. Under the auspices of the AMERICAN LEAGUE FOR INDIA'S FREEDOM Admission free.Miss Blackwell Says Women Voters Err as Often as Men By ESTELLE BOND (United Press Staff Correspondent) American women must wait at least another generation before they can hope to elect a member of their sex as President of the United States. That is the opinion of Alice Stone Blackwell, pioneer suffragette and daughter of the famous feminist Lucy Stone, who played a major role in the votes-for-women campaign a generation ago. In an interview at her home in Cambridge today in connection with the 25th anniversary Sunday of women's suffrage, the 89-year-old Miss Blackwell said: "I'm afraid that women's suffrage hasn't done as much good as was originally hoped. But on the other hand it hasn't done any of the harm that its opponents prophesied." Women, Miss Blackwell explained, were given the right to vote just when World War I had illustrated the power of propaganda. Since then, she said, women have been fooled just as much as men into voting for the wrong measures. After the first war, she cited as an example, women thought they were Blackwell Continued on Page 7 voting for peace. "Of course they weren't," she added. Though she believes that women, in the past quarter century, have influenced politics greatly, Miss Blackwell said that the influence has been split into so many different directions that no one great accomplishment stands out. Suffrage hasn't advanced women's cause to the point where any woman is likely to win the Presidency during this generation, Miss Blackwell said. "For instance," she explained, "Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt would make a good President, but I'm (picture of ALICE STONE BLACKWELL) sure she has too much sense to run for office under the present circumstances. I'm sure she wouldn't seek the job, and I'm sure she wouldn't be elected if she did." Once boomed for President herself, Miss Blackwell said that if there was any message she wished to transmit to American womanhood it was this: "If women realized what a difficult struggle went into the attainment of their equality, they would feel honorably bound to live up to their privileges." Boston Globe Sept 14, 1945SACCO AND VANZETTI - THE OTHER SIDE To the Editor of the Transcript: In spite of the safeguards thrown around an accused person which you enumerate, there have been repeated cases where a jury, in good faith, has brought in a mistaken verdict, and where the person convicted has afterwards been proved to be innocent. For instance, a cousin of John Brown was found guilty of murder, and was sentenced to life imprisonment, as the State where he lived did not have capital punishment. Many years later, on his death-bed, the real murderer confessed. The prisoner was advised to ask for a pardon. He replied, in substance: "I have done nothing for which to ask pardon. I have been wrongfully imprisoned all these years. Let the State petition me for pardon, and take me out." And he died in prison, rather than go through the form of petitioning for a pardon which he could have had for the asking. Out of a large number of persons who saw the bandits, the great majority either failed to recognize Sacco and Vanzetti, or swore positively that they were not the men. Of the few who professed to identify them, two have since made affidavit that they lied. True, they have later retracted those affidavits and sworn that their second story was perjury and their first story the truth. But witnesses who swear one thing today and another tomorrow are not to be believed in a case involving men's lives. The jury could not foresee that these witnesses would confess to perjury. Neither could they foresee that Captain Proctor would later make affidavit that NOVEMBER 11, 1926 he had misunderstood. At the trial he used an ambiguous phrase which was taken by the judge and jury to mean that he thought the fatal bullet, from its markings, must have been fired from Sacco's pistol, and this naturally told heavily against the accused. He has since made affidavit, in substance, that he only meant it might have been fired from Sacco's pistol; but that it might equally well have been fired from any other pistol of the same make. A number of other circumstances, and finally Madeiros's confession, have caused a growing belief that there should be a new trial. If it is possible for a jury to be mistaken, it is also possible for a judge to be prejudiced. You speak of the sudden wave of protest in behalf of Sacco and Vanzetti. What caused that wave? Judge Thayer's own words. His latest denial of a new trial, widely published in the press, was expressed in such terms as to convince many persons, not at all given to maudlin sympathy with criminals, that he was strongly biassed against the accused. There is here grave danger of a terrible miscarriage of justice. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Dorchester, Nov. 9. "ALWAYS LAW-BREAKS' To the Editor of the Post: Sir-If we look into the matter a little, we shall find that most of the people who break the liquor law have not been very scrupulous about keeping the law in other respects. They believe there should be speed laws, yet they break them. They believe in a protective tariff, yet they smuggle things in whenever they come back from Europe. They believe the government should be supported by taxation, yet they try in every way to dodge their taxes. We need not take much stock in the argument that prohibition makes lawbreakers out of otherwise law-abiding citizens. Thomas A. Kempis says, "Occasions do not make a man frail; they show what he is." ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Dorchester, Oct. 29, 1926 FROM A SACCO SYMPATHIZER To the Editor of The Herald: The change of public sentiment in regard to Sacco and Vanzetti is remarkable. It has grown up as one new development after another has come to light. Of the few witnesses who professed to identify Sacco and Vanzetti, two made affidavit later that they had lied. A third was found to be a crook with a long criminal record. Then cam Capt. Proctor's amazing confession. He made affidavit that, by previous agreement with the prosecuting attorney, he used at the trial a form of words which gave the jury the impression that he thought the fatal bullet must have come from Sacco's pistol, as shown by its markings, whereas he really thought it might have been fired from any pistol of the same make. Then a new witness was found, who had not been called to testify at the trial - a man of respectable character, who had seen the murderers at close range just before the crime, and had looked at them attentively because he thought their behavior suspicious. He swears that Sacco and Vanzetti were not the men. Then came other new developments including the confession of Madeiros- who did not know when he made it that it would delay the execution-and the testimony of the two government agents that the authorities were desirous to get rid of Sacco and Vanzetti before there was any thought of connecting many people that he was not impartial, but bitterly prejudiced against the prisoners. After the mob murders in Herrin, Ill., when all the accused were acquitted, most people believed it was a miscarriage of justice. It is no impeachment of our general system of jurisprudence to admit, what we all know, that a jury may sometimes bring in a wrong verdict- especially in a time of public excitement - or that a judge may sometimes be prejudiced. But if two innocent men should be put to death because a new trial was prevented by legal technicalities or by the prejudice of a judge, that would indeed be an impeachment of our system of jurisprudence, and one that would attract world-wide attention. This case has aroused as widespread as interest as the Dreyfus case. A vast number of appeals are coming in, not only from labor organizations and radicals, but from prominent men and humanitarians all over the world. The good name of Massachusetts is involved. Boston, Nov. 20. A.S. BELKNAP. Nov. 22, 1926 J. FRANK CHASE To the Editor of the Post: Sir-A hero has fallen. A life has been sacrificed for the common weal. J. Frank Chase, secretary of the New England Watch and Ward Society, broke down a year ago from continuous overwork and when, after weary months, he was able to take up his work again, the great pressure of things to be done and his eagerness to do them brought his fatal illness. His was the most difficult and disagreeable position of any man in New England, and only a supreme desire to make his life serve to the uttermost held him unswervingly for nearly 20 years to his great work. Any mistakes he made-and there were very few-were blazoned forth, while his constant and successful fight against the devastating forces of evil was little noticed. Inadequately supported with money, and with lack of appreciation from the general public, he fought corruption and vileness, and some of his victories were so important that our whole life throughout New England is cleaner. The court cases were only a part of his resultful work, but of the 3937 cases he brought, conviction was secured in over 98 per cent. DELCEVARE KING. Letters to the Editor Brief communications are welcomed, but the editor must remain sole judge of their suitability, and he does not undertake to hold himself or this newspaper responsible for the facts or opinions presented. Anonymous letters are destroyed unread. Background of British Coal Stoppage To the Editor of THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR: The broad facts underlying the British coal stoppage, which is now ending, should always be borne in thought. Two royal commissions-the second appointed by the present Conservative Government-have investigated the coal situation. Both have reported that the only salvation for the British coal industry lies in a thorough reorganization, with the introduction of modern methods and machinery. This has been the opinion of the miners for years. But to such a reorganization the mine owners are stubbornly opposed. Instead, they are bent upon trying to make the mines pay by lengthening hours and lowering wages. Of course, the miners have fought this to the last gasp. The Prince of Wales, in the early weeks of the coal stoppage, sent a contribution for the relief of the miners' wives and children, with a letter saying (as reported in the New York Times of May 30): His Royal Highness necessarily cannot take sides in any dispute, but we all owe a debt to the miners in the past, and everyone must feel sympathy for the wives and children in their hour of distress. Besides, it would not be a satisfactory end to any dispute that one side should be forced to give in on account of the suffering of their dependents. That is just what is now happening. Poor-law relief for the miners' wives and children has been systematically cut down, and in Nottingham and other large districts has been withdrawn altogether. Stress of circumstances is forcing the men back to work, on terms which they regard as bitterly unjust, and which the experts regard as futile for the rehabilitation of the industry. Neither of the royal commissions recommended any lengthening of the workday. ALICE STONE BLACKWEL. Dorchester, Mass. Nov. 30, 1926 MRS. MARGARET H. THOMAS Widow of John Thomas, Long with Pennsylvania Railroad, Dies at Home in Cambridge 11-24-26 Following four years of invalidism Mrs. Margaret H. Thomas died rather suddenly at her home 61 Sparks street, Cambridge, in which city she had resided for the past eight years. She was a native of New York city, the daughter of Lewis Bouton and Louisa (Faure) Bouton. Following her marriage to John Thomas, who was connected with the Pennsylvania Railroad the family home was moved to Cleveland where Mr. and Mrs. Thomas continued to reside for some time, later, however, moving to other places. During her residence in Cleveland Mrs. Thomas was active in the city's foremost philanthopies and was one of the founders of the Fortnightly Musical Club which was started about thirty-five years ago. This club soon became an important factor in the musical life of Cleveland. Mr. Thomas died in 1902. Before becoming incapacitated from participating in outside affairs, Mrs. Thomas was a regular attendant at St. Paul's Cathedral and interested in its various ministries There are two surviving daughters, Miss Marguerite Thomas, who lived with her mother in Cambridge; and Mrs. Howard L. Blackwell, who also lives in that same city. There are also three grandsons, children of Mr. and Mrs. Howard Blackwell. AGAINST MILITARY DRILL To the Editor of the Post: Sir-If compulsory military drill really tends to turn boys away from a military life rather than towards one, why is it so warmly backed by the War Department, and Secretary MacNider and all our ultra militarists? That fact speaks for itself. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Dorchester,ARMENIAN POET VISITS BOSTON Archag Tchobanian, Winner of French Honors, Plans Lecture Tour [*Oct. 12 1926*] Archag Tchobanian, Armenian patriot and a leading Armenian poet, is passing a few days in Boston previous to a lecture tour of several months throughout the United States on "The Culture and Art of Armenia." Through the translation of a number of his poems by Alice Stone Blackwell of this city, he has a circle of literary admirers awaiting him here. Some of his works in French have had introductions by Clemenceau, Anatole France, Paul Adam, Denys Cachin, Emile Verhaeren, and others of prominence. His volume on Armenian popular poetry won the prize of the French Academy. He is a member of the Societe des Gens de Lettres. Mr. Tchobanian wears the red ribbon of the Legion of Honor conferred upon him by the French Government for his contributions to French culture. A native of Constantinople, he has lived in Paris since 1895, devoting himself to protecting and advancing the interests of the Armenian people. In part, he has worked to bring the aspirations and ideals of his people to the attention of the world through their ancient art and literature. Confidence in Armenia He has confidence in his people and the contributions they will make to civilization, once they have opportunity to recover from persecutions. He bases his views on their contributions in the past, now too little appreciated, and the splendid courage with which they have withstood the afflictions imposed upon them during hundreds of years. Chatting with friends in the reception rooms of the Westminster Hotel Mr. Tchobanian talked enthusiastically of the future of his people and the little Armenian Republic of Erivan which has been constituted within the last few years. He looks forward to a time when Mr. Ararat will be restored to them and also the ruins of the ancient city of Ani and some of the adjoining regions, which thousands of years ago were the cradle of the Armenian race. Although many attempts have been made to exterminate the people, there are still to be found among them men of intellectual power and culture, Mr. Tchobanian points out. Notable among them are Edgar Schahin, ranked as one of the leading modern etchers, and Hovsep Pushman, a painter, an Armenian who has become an American citizen, and whose works are to be found in American and other museums. At Erivan in Armenia, a university has been founded, the Government aiding the intellectuals of Armenia for the purpose of perpetuating and developing Armenian culture. Has Old Literature "Armenian literature is very old," said Mr. Tchobanian. "In the fifth century, 100 years after Armenia became officially Christian, the Armenian alphabet was founded and a written Armenian literature came into being, including excellent translations of the Bible and other works. Many original works were produced on historical, theological and poetical subjects. A few of the most important works of literature have been preserved to this time only in the Armenian translations, the originals being lost. "Armenia has not only her own ancient culture of which she can be proud," said Mr. Tchobanian, "but she contributed to the culture of other races and peoples. Armenia has furnished many distinguished men in arts and letters, in the political and military domain, to the Byzantine Empire, to the Persians and Arabs, to Poland and Russia, and above all, to the Ottoman Empire, where the greatest number of existing monuments and works of art were produced by the Armenians." Mr. Tchobanian is a great admirer of the United States and expresses the deep gratitude of himself and his people to the people of the United States for the assistance they have given the Armenians through educational institutions established before the World War and through philanthropic work. He has set forth "L'Oeuvre Americaine en Armenie," published in Paris in 1919. AGAINST COMPULSORY DRILL To the Editor of the Post: Sir-Henry Kelley's letter of Dec. 6 recalls the old lawyer's advice to the young one: "When you have no case, abuse the plaintiff's attorney." Why should he assume that everyone who is opposed to forcing military drill upon college students is for "peace at any price?" We might as well assume that everyone favoring the drill is for war at any price, and wants the United States to be continually fighting. If most of the students at the B. U. School of Business Administration have elected military training, that is their look-out. Our special objection was to making it compulsory. But one of them tells my cousin that the alternative course in physical culture has been made so burdensome and inconvenient that most of the young men have elected military training as the lesser evil. If the heads of 70 land grant colleges have declared in favor of military drill, it must be remembered that all the land grant colleges get an appropriation in return for teaching it. They can hardly be without bias, the majority of our colleges and universities, though urged to introduce military training, have refused to do so. It is fair to assume they do not favor it. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Dorchester. [*Dec. 18, 1926*] Regarding Count Karolyi and Hungary To the Editor of THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR: The recent departure of Count and Countess Karolyi has been followed by the clearing up of many misunderstandings concerning them. In this connection I should like to recall several statements made in a letter written some time ago to The Christian Science Monitor by a correspondent who, while claiming to be a Hungarian, signed a German or Austrian name--Alice von Boesenbach. In criticizing my previous letter to the Monitor, she said that not Karolyi along but Count Tisza also opposed the entrance of Hungary into the war on the side of Germany. Tisza was the leader of the party that favored the German alliance and that wanted to fight the war to a finish. The official documents, published by Karl Kautsky in 1919, show that Tisza not only approved of sending the ultimatum to Serbia, but "in some points he even made the ultimatum more stringent." She says Karolyi turned the Government over to the Bolsheviki. The High Court of Hungary, which has just tried him for treason, would certainly have charged him with this, if it were true; but no such accusation was included in the indictment. The same court had previously condemned the Communist commissars to capital punishment for having seized the Government by force. Her statement that the Karolyis were expelled from Czechoslovakia and Jugoslavia is wholly without foundation. She also says: "The Karolyi property will not be given to the favorites of the present Government, but the entailed part of it will fall to the side line of his family, while the larger, and unentailed part of it, will be disposed of for educational purposes." Every foot of the estate is entailed, and other members of the Karolyi family are now suing the present Government to recover it, claiming that, if Count Michael has forfeited his right to it, the estate should come to them. She says the Hungarians have no wish for a republic. The advocates of a republic are urging a referendum on the question. The monarchists refuse to allow one. The facts as to the outrages committed under the present regime do not rest on the word of the Karolyis alone, but are amply established by other testimony. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Dorchester, Mass. [*May 5 1925*]Dec 1920 LUCY STONE SCHOOL CHILDREN EXHIBIT GIFTS THEY MADE Boys of the Lucy Stone School, Dorchester,, holding articles they have made. On the table are articles made by other boys. Left to Right - Clifford Tinkham, James Donohue and James Costello. May of the articles made by the pupils of the special class center at the Lucy Stone School, Regina road, Dorchester, for presentation to friends at Christmas, were on exhibition at the school yesterday. Woodwork made by the boys and dresses, hats and embroidery by the girls were shown. The school has 100 pupils, boys and [next column] girls, from South Boston and Dorchester. Many are preparing for pre-vocational and trade schools. Mrs. Mary A. McNaught is in charge of the school. WHAT SORT OF LESSON? To the Editor of The Herald: Suppose a few Chinese in Boston had been killed by a mob, and it was feared that the lives of others were in danger. Suppose the admiral of a big Chinese fleet in our harbor thereupon shelled all the part of our city around the Chinese quarter, killing 2000 Bostonians (most of them wholly innocent), preparatory to marching in a force to bring off the remaining Chinese. And suppose he said he did it to teach us a lesson. What sort of a lesson would it teach? The news dispatches say nobody knows who fired the shells at the Standard Oil plant in Nanking. The southern commanders are not likely to be responsible, since hitherto, in all parts of China, they have uniformly exerted themselves to prevent any killing of foreigners. Indeed, it is remarkable that, with such extensive fighting going on for months and anti-foreign feeling running high up to this time, hardly a foreign life had been lost. As an educational measure, shelling a city with which you are not at war is not to be recommended. It teaches a lesson, but of the wrong kind. This is not the first such lesson. Only a few months ago, a British gunboat, nosing about a Chinese river far in the interior, came into collision with a Chinese craft and was upset, and a dozen Britons lost their lives. No one knew who was responsible; so the British shelled a neighboring city which had nothing to do with it, and killed 2000 innocent people. In reading the news from China, let us remember that all our news comes to us from anti-Chinese sources; and let us also remember the long series of injustices under which the Chinese have suffered. March 28, 1927. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Dorchester, March 25.EXCHANGES THE BEAVER LOG 19 A Ballad A maiden sat by a casement wide, And she was wondrous fair. Her cheeks were red, her eyes true blue, And long was her golden hair; In the light of the day, fast fading away Waiting Watching Waiting. Towards the castle with armour bright, A noble knight did ride; He spurred his steed and galloped along, In quest of a winsome bride. Over the ground and rocks with a bound Riding Riding Riding. The day was gone and the moon was high, Two travelers silently ride. They leave the castle, they slip away Into the shadows side by side; With the quickening beat of their horses' feet Dying Fading Dying. ELIZABETH BELDENMarch 4, 1925] The Nation 231 Who Rules America? ONE beings to wonder whether the State Department is a part of the American Government of a Washington office for European despots. Two cases have recently arisen in which the State Department is shown to have acted not upon any American considerations whatever but in obedience to the political exigencies of foreign dictators. One is the case of Carlo Tresca, hounded in this country at the behest of the Italian Fascists; the other concerns Count Karolyi, the leader of liberal Hungary, who was gagged and silenced by Mr. Hughes at the request of the emissary of Horthy's Hungary. Carlo Tresca was arrested on August 14, 1923, charged with circulating unmailable matter. The complaint specified the unmailable matter as part of an editorial entitled Down with the Monarchy, which had appeared in the May 5 issue of his anti-Fascist paper, Il Martello. When he was indicted on October 30, however, the Government changed the offense, and he was finally sentenced for permitting a small advertisement of a birth-control book to appear in his paper -- although the advertisement appeared after his arrest and was never circulated to the readers, the Post Office having refused to mail that issue of his paper until the objectionable matter was deleted. The enterprise of the New York World has at last won from government officials admission of the long-suspected fact that the initiative in the persecution of Tresca came from the Italian Embassy. On May 17 Gelasio Caetani, then Ambassador of Mussolini's Government at Washington, wrote to the American State Department protesting against Tresca's article, Down with the Monarchy. The State Department forwarded the complaint to the Post Office Department; the Post Office Department communicated with the Department of Justice. The Department of Justice assigned an agent to the case, and Tresca was accordingly arrested -- for protesting against monarchy in Italy! That the indictment was finally changed and Tresca sent to jail for a different offense does not change the fundamental fact: three departments of the American Government united in hounding him because the Fascist Government of Italy found his activity uncomfortable. Karolyi's case is more recent and more flagrant. Karolyi represents the liberal, democratic movement in Hungary -- what might be called Wilsonian Hungary. After the first Hungarian revolution he became Prime Minister and President of Hungary. His first acts were to install universal suffrage and to begin the division of the vast landed estates which are the curse of Hungary. The Allies treated him as they would have treated a Hapsburg; they made his regime impossible; and the Socialist Government which succeeded him was almost immediately toppled over by the bolshevik followers of Bela Kun, who in turn gave way to the bloody reactionaries who still hold power. The very existence of Karolyi has been wormwood and gall to these men; they can understand a Bela Kun, but that one of their own class should lead a movement to end their special privileges is unforgivable to them. One would expect that such a man would find such a welcome in American as was given seventy-five years ago to Louis Kossuth. Not at all. Under the beneficent regime of Charles E. Hughes it seemed impossible for Count Karolyi to obtain permission eve to enter the United States. Meanwhile the Karolyi estates were confiscated in Hungary, and the Count and his wife were left to eke out a living for themselves and their three children, by lecturing, running a boarding-house, and selling the trinkets which they had been able to save. In these circumstances friends made it possible for the Countess Karolyi to come to America to lecture. She had not landed when the National Security League began to spit lies at her. She had hardly begun her lecture tour when she was stricken by typhoid fever. Naturally her husband in London was determined to reach her bedside. The hospital doctors made urgent representations to the State Department. Mr. Hughes relented to this extent: Count Karolyi could come to America -- if he would promise neither to speak nor to write while in the United States. The Count had no alternative. He came to American, and remained, silent, at his wife's bedside through weary weeks of typhoid and post-typhoid complications. His enemies publicly abused him; friends asked him to speak. He could not; his friends went to Washington, where Mr. Hughes explained that while Count Karolyi could do no harm to America the Hungarian Government objected to his presence here; Count Szechenyi, the Hungarian Minister, had protested against permitting him to enter or to speak. Mr. Hughes insisted that Count Karolyi "should be a sport" and keep his word. Count Karolyi has kept his word and his silence; but there are still Americans whose mouths are not gagged at the instance of Count Szechenyi and who do not intend that foreign governments shall decide who shall say what in the land created by the Declaration of Independence. Mr. Hughes is about to leave office; and old-fashioned Americans will insist that subservience to the police spies of European dictators shall be swept out with him. COUNT KAROLYI DEFENDED To the Editor of the Post: Sir - No wonder a storm has been raised by the news that Count Michael Karolyi was refused a visa to his passport, except on a promise that he would not write or speak on Hungarian affairs while in American. It was done, we are told, "at the request of the Hungarian ambassador." Just suppose such a restriction had been put upon De Valera, or any distinguished Irishman visiting this country, at the request of the British ambassador! You jocosely suggest that it might be a good thing to muzzle all foreign propagandists, especially since they generally come here to raise money. In the first place, the Karolyis are not asking for money. I heard the countess lecture in Boston just before she was taken ill. There was no appeal for funds. In the second place, we are not muzzling all foreign propagandists. Grand Dukes and sham "Czarinas," and all sorts of monarchists and reactionaries come here and talk freely. Then why muzzle a man who is a Liberal and a Republican? Karolyi is no Bolshevist. The Hungarian Republic, of which he was president, was overthrown by a Bolshevist revolution. Again, Hungarian enemies of Karolyi are attacking his character and record in letters to the American press, and he is not allowed to defend himself. That is mean. Finally, he and his wife tell the same story about Hungarian affairs. Since the wife is allowed to speak, why gag the husband. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Dorchester. [*Boston Post Feb. 28, 1925.*]W YORK TIMES, T ===== BOOS AND CHEERS AT KAROLYI DINNER ------ Count's Adherents Vie With Noisy Critics at Stormy Testimonial. ---- MAKES FIRST SPEECH HERE ---- Refuses to Discuss Hungarian Fund to Fear of Breaking Pledge to Government ---- Hungarians who have been attacking Count Michael Karolyi in Hungarian newspapers here, carried their fight to the testimonial dinner given to the Count last night in the restaurant of the Hungarian Worker's Home at 350 East Eighty-first Street. Boos greeted the guest of honor and when one of the hecklers started to speak the Count's friends booed him in return. It was Count Karolyi's fiftieth birthday and his first public utterance in America. His wife, the Countess Catherine Karolyi, whose illness brought him to this country, was present at the dinner which was given both as a testimonial and as a benefit. As a testimonial it was for the count; as a benefit itw as for his three children, Even, 9 years old; Adam, 7 and Judith 4 and tickets were sold at $2 each. Interest in the dinner had been aroused because Count Karolyi, who, in coming here, promised not to indulge in political activities, had been informed by the State Department that he might defend himself again against the attacks of his enemies. In the expectation of hearing the Count's defense more than 1,000 persons sought admission to the restaurant. However, there were seats for only 300, and the police had to be called to keep in order the others who remained outside. Long before the dinner began, however, twenty Hungarians, under the leadership of Lakof Baksy, editor of Uj Elore, a Hungarian newspaper published at 33 First Street, entered the restaurant and took seats at adjoining tables. They were noticed first at 3 o'clock. They were there at 4 and 5 and were still there at 6 when waiters began preparing for the dinner. They remained through preparations and when the dinner began they had seats and could not be disturbed. Samuel T. Bleucher, a former Assistant Attorney General of New York State, presided at the dinner. He compared Count Karolyi to Washington and Lincoln, and remarked that while Kossuth made Hungary a republic for a day, Garolyi made it a republic for six months. Mr. Buecheler attacked as reactionary the Government in Washington, and said that it was a great blessing that Secretary Hughes was retiring as the head of the State Department. Mention of the Secretary's name brought hisses. There were cheers for Count Karolyi when he rose to speak, but he had not proceeded far before the diners realized that he was not going to take advantage of the partial release from his promise that he might answer his critics. "I may not utter a single word on political matters." Count Karolyi said. "If I should attempt to explain the administration of the money callected by me in 1913 I would have to discuss the policies of Hungary of the past, of the present and of the future. I will pay absolutely no attention to the siren voices that would lure me into dangerous waters because the moment I did so my opponents would cry out 'Look at him! He has broken his word of honor.' I prefer to keep on the safe side." When the Count sat down and before the applause had subsided Baksy climbed on his chair and then onto a table. He started to speak in Hungarian. Instantly the restaurant was in an uproar. In every part of the room men and women jumped to their feet. From every table came boos or cheers. Baksy was forced to stop. He stooped down and grabbed a diner by the hair, but whether that was to support himself could not be determined. The waiters were bringing in another course at that moment for the speaking took place while the dinner progressed. There was so much confusion, however, that they could not reach the tables. Mr. Buecheler was seen to whisper to the Count and the Count whispered something back. Then Mr. Buecheler arose and rapped for order. It was some time before he could be heard above the boos and cheers and shouts. Baksy still stood on the table trying to speak. Mr. Buecheler told him he might continue to do so in an orderly manner, as Count Karolyi had asked that every faction be given complete liberty of speech. With that Baksy stepped down from the table and continued speaking in Hungarian. When he sat down his own faction cheered and the Karolyi supporters booed once more. The dinner was under the auspices of the Association of American Hungarians for a Republic in Hungary. Karolyi Hissed by Reds At Dinner in His Honor --- Hungarian Communists Quieted Only After Spokesman Is Promised a Hearing A dinner given by 350 sympathizers of the Hungarian Republican party in honor of Count Karolyi in the Labor home, 350 East Eighty-first Street, was nearly broken up last night by a crowd of supposed Hungarian Communists, who took in possession of several tables early in the afternoon and refused to leave them. Waiting until Count Karolyi had completed a short talk, the Communists hissed him and then demanded the floor for Louis Baksy, editor of "Uj Elore," a radical Hungarian newspaper, who apparently was the leader of the delegation. Dr. Samuel Buchler, Deputy Attorney General, who was toastmaster, called in vain for order and attempted to introduce the next speaker. Basky responded by attempting to talk amid the din set up by both his followers and the guests, who banged on the tables with the dishes and silverware. Baksy and his followers were finally quieted with a promise by Dr. Buchler that Baksy would have an opportunity to speak at the close of the dinner, which was in honor of Count Karolyi's fiftieth birthday. --- Spend Week-end at Ambassador, Atlantic City. Spring has arrived at the Shore. Phone Rhinelander 9000 for Reservations. -Advt. NY Herald Tribune March 5, 1925 An Innovation in Gag Rule FORMER Secretary of State Hughes left in the archives of his department several great State papers, but the explanation which he rendered to the Foreign Relations Committee of the Senate anent the silencing of Count Karolyi is assuredly not in that class. It is, instead, a feeble and evasive document which says nothing new at considerable length. It tells how the gag was applied, but not why; yet that was precisely what the Senate and the country wanted to know. More's the pity that a great Secretary of State should leave office almost at the moment when he appears to least advantage. There was a law hanging over from the mass of ill-digested war legislation. The Secretary applied it for what he considers reasons of State too high to be divulged. It is a bad law for peace purposes, and should be repealed forthwith. But that does not altogether excuse Mr. Hughes for applying it. He had discretion, and the relations between Hungary and the United States are not such as can be deemed compelling. Moreover, Mr. Hughes did not apply the gag in the case of Miss MacSwiney, who came here to talk to Americans of Irish descent against the Free State; nor in the case of the Cubans who used New York as a sounding board for Cuban politics before the last election in that country; nor to Lloyd George who spent most of his time in America lecturing France; nor to Karolyi's countryman, Count Apponyi, who talked Hungarian politics here in the autumn of 1923 to help along Hungarian financing. Shutting Karolyi's mouth by diplomatic pressure in peace time is without precedent in American history. This country has furnished audiences for agitators Irish, Czech, Polish, Greek, Italian, Cuban, Mexican, Venezuelan, Serb, Hindu, Egyptian, African, and Chinese. It will take more than hints of radicalism to convince the American people that free speech for visiting delegations should be abolished or limited to courteous persiflage. Radical or not, this distinguished man is a proved Republican who fought for his principles against Hapsburg and Hohenzollern in bad old days when imperialism and not Bolshevism was the issue. Though by no means a strong man, still he did his best to work out, at heavy personal cost and danger, a readjustment of Austro-Hungarian politics which, if successful, might have forestalled the war. That should not be forgotten; neither should the fact that the conservatives and monarchists sabotaged his Hungarian people's republic, which he set up in November, 1918, and kept going until March, 1919. Truly, America denies its traditions when it accords a hearing to the Hungarian Count Apponyi, which it did less than two years ago, and denies one to the Hungarian Count Karolyi. To such a pass has its Bolshevist complex brought our State Department. Mr. Kellogg might well reverse his predecessor by releasing the Karolyi gag. [*The Independent, March 14, 1925]THE BOSTON HERALD, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1922 SELECTIONS FROM OUR MAIL BAG YES, SURELY! To the Editor of The Herald: I was glad to see that today's issue contains Kipling's denial of responsibility for the statements which gave rise to your editorial of yesterday. Will the writer of that article withdraw the ungracious and misleading words which grew out of them? Lawrence, Sept. 13. E. J. BOWDEN. STOP THE ATROCITIES To the Editor of The Herald: It is to be earnestly hoped that the United States will give its powerful aid to put a stop to the massacres in Asia Minor. What is the use of our being the greatest and richest and strongest nation in the world today if we do not lend a hand when multitudes of Christians are being slaughtered by the Turks with indescribable barbarities? And this is no new thing; it has been going on for generations. "The time is ripe, and rotten ripe, for change." Let us put an end to these enormities, or never again call ourselves either civilized or Christian. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Chilmark, Sept. 13. [*Boston Post*] "THE CAMEL'S NOSE" [*March 22, 1925*] Since the following letter was put into type, the bill referred to for doing away with direct primaries for certain nominations has been killed in the Massachusetts Legislature. However, the letter is so interesting that it is printed here with this explanation. To the Editor of the Post: Sir: the contest in Washington over the attorney-generalship calls attention anew to the importance of this office. It is important, whether in nation or State. In the attempt that is now being made in Massachusetts to take the nomination for four State offices away from the direct primary, they are constantly spoken of as "minor offices." But they are really important, especially the attorney-generalship. It is proposed to go back to having the candidates for these four offices nominated by the party conventions. We know exactly what happened when they used to be nominated in that way. They were really chosen by a handful of political bosses. That is what will happen again if the bill that has passed the Senate goes through the House. Sidney Lanier says, "It is idle to argue from prophecy when we can argue from history." At the hearing, the only argument of any weight made for the proposed change was that at present men whose names begin with one of the first letters of the alphabet have too great an advantage, as so many voters mark the first names on the list. This could be met by having the candidates draw lots for position on the ballot. It was also urged that the voters know too little about the candidates for these four offices. But it is safer to let them be nominated by a well-meaning even if not very well-informed electorate than by a small group of political manipulators. In last year's Legislatures, a nation-wide attack was made upon the direct primaries. It was made by the machine politicians. It failed all along the line. This year it is being renewed in a modified form, by the same elements. It would not be fair to say that everyone who favors this bill wants to do away with the direct primary altogether; but everyone who wants to do away with the direct primary favors this bill as a first step toward that end. One of its chief advocates has said that "in the present temper of the people any party proposing to abolish the direct primary would go down to defeat." He said, "We must proceed very cautiously, step by step." Do not let us allow the camel to get his nose under the tent. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Dorchester, Mass. THE CAMEL'S NOSE [*N.Y. World April 4, 1925*] JUDGE BEN LINDSEY'S ENEMIES To the Editor of The World: There was widespread satisfaction when the news came the Ben B. Lindsey had been re-elected Judge of the Denver Juvenile Court. That court, under Lindsey, has become world-famous. In the past twenty-five years it is said to have restored 40,000 boys and girls to good citizenship and to have saved the State $7,500,000. Its success has led to the establishment of Juvenile Courts in many other states. Now the original Juvenile Court is in danger. The Republican landslide in Colorado last fall was a Ku Klux landslide as well. The Klan captured the Republican machinery and swept the State, defeating practically all its opponents but Lindsey. He ran 30,000 ahead of the Democratic candidate for President, and was elected by a majority of 117 in a total vote of 96,500. His enemies are contesting his election in the courts, claiming that enough ballots were irregularly marked to unset him. If they fail in this, as they probably will, they propose to abolish the Juvenile Court in order to get rid of Lindsey. A bill for its abolition has actually been introduced in the Legislature. The Klan controls the Lower House and the Governor, but lacks a few votes of a majority in the Senate. In his twenty-five years of service Lindsey has fearlessly antagonized all the bad influences that were damaging the children. He has made powerful enemies who are making common cause with the Klan on this occasion. In his many previous campaigns to save the Children's Court, Lindsey has exhausted his private means. He is making the present fight against great odds and almost without funds. He out to receive substantial help. His address is Juvenile and Family Court, Denver, Col. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Dorchester, Mass., March 31. ISSUE OF FREE SPEECH To the Editor of the Post: Sir--In the controversy aroused by the Mayor's threat to revoke the license of any hall that is opened for a lecture by Mrs. Sanger, your correspondents seem to divide according to whether they favor or oppose birth control. But the real question concerns free speech and constitutional rights. In her lectures, Mrs. Sanger does not give any information as to methods of birth control. She advocates the repeal of the law that forbids the giving of such information. To advocate, peaceably, the repeal of any law to which one objects, has been supposed to be an inalienable right of the American citizen. The question is, Has a mayor the right to close all the public halls of a city against a perfectly legal meeting, because he personally disapproves of the speaker and the subject? if so, the freedom of speech guaranteed by the Constitution becomes a dead letter. The American Civil Liberties Union is anxious to test the matter in the courts. The effort to do so is blocked for the present because no hall-owner in Boston is willing to take the risk. But the issue is bound to come up at other times and in other cities. "No question is ever settled till it is settled right." A.S.B. [*Sept. 14, 1926*] The Observant Citizen [*Boston Post*] Congratulations today to Alice Stone Blackwell, on her 69th birthday anniversary. As a poet, journalist and worker for the betterment of conditions of women and children, Miss Blackwell has gathered new laurels for the names which she received from her distinguished parents, Lucy Stone and Henry B. Blackwell. [*Seattle Union Record April 11, 1925*] WORLD'S BEST MAN Story, in Scripture words, day by day till Easter, with comments by Sydney Strong The Immortal Life This is the day before Easter. Jesus is in the tomb. The world's best man has been put to death. That he is not dead is shown by that fact that for 2000 years he has been called the world's best man, and around him has grown faith in immortality. I am not interested in the question of physical resurrection. Many stories grew up around the death of Jesus that either are not true or of no consequence. I am interested in the fact that belief in immortality has become associated with him. I note a few things: It was in the heart of a woman that Christian faith in immortality first took root. A woman-- a converted harlot--was the Christian "Columbus" of another world. Next, it was in the hearts of impulsive common people-- like Peter and John--that this faith took root: not in the hearts of Herod, wise men, priests and merchants. The plant of immortality does not flourish well in an university as on a farm. Faith in immortality decreases as "possessions" increase. A rich nation never yet has been rich in faith. Jesus, in whom belief in immortality centers, was not a popular hero, but a despised and rejected convict. The counter revolution to the Christian faith originated among the priests and rulers--the very ones who today are worshipping Jesus; the very ones who, by their materialism, are recrucifying the truth. The Christian faith in immortality came into the world--not through debates or conferences of scientists and philosophers-- but through the experience of humble people who came in contact with the life of Jesus. It will be kept in the world through the same process. We must note the KIND OF MAN, around whom humanity has centered its faith in immortality. It will be kept alive by contact with the same KIND OF LIFE--that of the world's best man. TORY LOSSES To the Editor of The Herald: The Conservative losses and labor gains in the last two by elections do not convince Elizabeth Bradford that the Tories in England are losing favor. Let us take a wider induction: Since the last general election, less than two years ago, there have been 13 by elections. In the general election, these 13 constituencies gave a total Conservative majority of 11,000. In the by elections this was changed to a labor majority of 8000. These figures speak for themselves. As to the Russian contributions, there has been a prolonged controversy about them, the British miners and the Russian workers both asserting that they came from the Russian workers, not from the Russian government. The principals to the transaction ought to know best. It is at least an open question whether they were lying, or whether the International Miners' Federation, if it really made the statement attributed to it in the press dispatch, did not commit an error. Two royal commissions, the second appointed by a Tory government, have pronounced that the only salvation for the British coal industry lies in a thorough reorganization, with the adoption of modern methods and machinery. To this the mine owners are stubbornly opposed. Instead, they propose to meet the situation by depressing still farther the living conditions of the miners, which have for years been notoriously miserable. And the government is now backing them in their attempt to starve the miners into it. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL, Chilmark, Aug. 14. [*1926*] CHINA'S TROUBLES To the Editor of The Herald: The long-standing friendship between the United States and China was emphasized by Dr. P. W. Kuo, president of the Southeastern University of China, and vice-president of the World's Educational Foundation, in his address at the Phillips Brooks House last night. He enumerated the many occasions when China had benefited by this country's good offices, and declared that the feeling in that country was not anti-American, but the reverse. Dr. Kuo, who is on his way to the national educational convention at Edinburgh, says that an effort has been going on in China to improve labor conditions, local government conditions, and China's international relations. The conditions in some of the foreign-owned factories in Shanghai are admittedly very bad. Children under 10 are worked 12 and 14 hours a day in most unhygienic surroundings. Shanghai, a "treaty port," is governed by a municipal council on which the Chinese have no representation, though they form 90 per cent, of the city's population and pay most of the taxes. The municipal council provides adequate schools for the foreign children, but not for the Chinese children. It maintains public parks, but excludes all Chinese from them. It put up a sign, "Chinese and dogs not admitted," Foreigners claim "extraterritoriality," i.e. the right to be tried only in their own courts. These and many other hampering restrictions have been forced upon China. Their removal has been promised, but the promise has not been kept. Dr. Kuo predicted that when these special privileges for foreigners were abolished, all China, and not merely the treaty ports, would be open both for business and educational enterprises. The dislike is not for foreigners, he said, but for foreign dominance. T. Lien Shen, of Harvard, in behalf of the Chinese Students Association, which had called the meeting, denounced the shooting down of the demonstrating students in Shanghai, who were entirely unarmed. The Chinese students, of whom there are about 200 in Greater Boston and 2000 in the United States, propose to make an organized effort, with the help of their American friends, to make the real facts in regard to the present troubles more generally known. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL, Dorchester, June 16. [*June 18, 1925*] "Fundamentals in China's Case" To the Editor of THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR: In your editorial on "Fundamentals in China's Case," you say that at present "only the existing system of extraterritoriality can guarantee either personal justice or commercial security." The Chinese, on the other hand, declare that they do not get justice before the foreign courts, and that, as a rule, when a Chinese is killed by a foreigner, the slayer goes scot free. In short, while most of the foreigners think that they cannot be secure unless extraterritoriality is continued, most of the Chinese are convinced that they themselves cannot be secure until extraterritoriality is abolished. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Dorchester, Mass. [*Oct. 3, 1925*]The Literary Digest for July 2, 1921 49 LINCOLN MOTOR CARS Produced in one of the world's largest and most scientifically equipped Motor Car Manufacturing Institutions The present factory equipment, machinery, tools and precision devices, which are without equal in the industry, were developed and adapted especially for the production of the highest type of motor car that has ever been evolved. Many millions of dollars are represented in the investment. The LINCOLN is produced under the supervision of men whose experience embodies the building of more than one hundred thousand [100,000] motor cars of the higher quality and dates back to the inception of the industry. There are men who inaugurated many of the more important developments which have contributed so much to making motor cars generally the worthy mechanisms they are today. Among the more outstanding of these advances were: the standardization of parts; electrical starting-lighting-ignition; thermostatic control of the cooling system; the right cylinder, V-type, high-speed high-efficiency engine; and numerous others. The logical expectations from such plant and such equipment, directed by men of such experience, qualifications, and accomplishments, are abundantly realized in the intrinsic betterments which now distinguish the LINCOLN motor car. And these intrinsic betterments express themselves in the easier, more comfortable, more proficient, and more captivating roading qualities; and in the factors which make for more dependable performance and prolong its competency long beyond what motordom has been accustomed to experience. Looking Northeast Administration Building Looking Northwest Panoramic View of Lincoln Motor Company's Main Plant in Detroit LELAND-BUILTA Bit of Reminiscence BY ALICE STONE BLACKWELL "WHO was Ernestine L. Rose?" This question was lately asked me by a member of one of the earliest and most famous of the women's clubs. Portraits of the old worthies hang in the club rooms, Mrs. Rose among them; but the young members know little about them and this one had never heard of the beautiful Polish Jewess who lectured widely in the United States, upon women's rights and other advanced subjects in the very early days. I referred the inquirer to the "History of Woman Suffrage." Some romantic facts about Mrs. Rose, not mentioned in the History, lately came to my attention through one of the few surviving women who knew her personally, Miss Elizabeth Nicholson of Indianapolis. They seemed to me so interesting that I begged her to write them out for the Woman Citizen. She writes as follows: "In the spring of 1843, the New England Society resolved to hold a hundred conventions in the Western and Middle States, including Ohio. Mrs. Ernestine Louis Rose was one of the speakers. "We were living in the village of Harveysburg, north of Cincinnati. On her arrival in this Western lecture field, she made us a three weeks' visit in order to rest from the fatiguing journey from Toledo to Cincinnati, made by canal and stage, the latter often supplemented by farm wagons. 'She was interested in the Community Movement, and made several excursions to its experimental stations in Southern Ohio. One, called Utopia, was on the Ohio River, near the city. One near West Liberty, financed by my father, was called Prairie Home. She also visited the Shaker community at Lebanon; and she was much interested in the prehistoric remains in the vicinity. "Her negligee was always white, and she wore heavy jewelry of chains and rings. She came to breakfast with a white turban wound around her black curls, but it could not conceal then. It was of India linen, as fine as a spider's web, and shone like frost, It was pinned on with blazing diamonds. "She had an amount of baggage - one trunk nearly as high as I was. I was then in my twelfth year. As I stood by it helping her to fold her apparel, she held out her hand to me, filled with precious articles, and told me to take my choice. I took a gold pen in a silver case, and used no other for thirty years. I have a lock of her hair. "Many people came to see her while she was my parents' guest, and she told them frankly the story of her rupture with her father, Rabbi Potski of Peterkow, Poland, where she was born in 1810. She was a child of great mental activity. She made a thorough study of the Bible, and decided that its story was the creation of the world was utterly impossible. "She soon renounced the Jewish religion, because she detested some of its requirements. She found sympathy for her independent views in the society of English liberals and in the publications of Robert Owen, among which were 'New Views of Society' and the 'Book of the New Moral World.' "Rabbi Potoski was very arbitrary. He arranged a marriage for his daughter with a wealthy Hebrew engaged in commerce. It was repugnant to her, and she refused. Her father tried to compel obedience, and kept her a prisoner in her room. For nine days she was allowed to see no one, and to have no food but bread and water. At the end of her incarceration she was so weak and emaciated that her life was despaired of. In time she was nursed back to life, and was allowed to see her friends. Her father's harshness had increased her resistance. "She sent for some of her acquaintances among religious liberals, and with their help she frustrated his designs by a strategem. She consented to the marriage. This so delighted him that she was overwhelmed with rich and costly presents, gifts of gold and jewels. She asked that her dowry might be in diamonds and precious stones. These she had quilted into her clothing. While her father was making arrangements for a magnificent wedding, she was planning to leave the country. "The day appointed for the marriage came. A carriage was at the door, ready to convey her to the synagogue; but another carriage stood there also. Into this she stepped. While the throng of Jews were waiting in the synagogue for the bride, she was on her way to the community settlement of Robert Owen in England. The last thing she did before putting on her cloak to make the journey was to conceal a stiletto in her bosom to take her own life if her plans failed." No wonder Mrs. Rose believed in equal rights for women. LIQUOR AND PORK To the Editor of The Herald: My pro-liquor critic misapplied the roast-pig story. In order to enjoy a meal of roast pork, the people in Charles Lamb's humorous skit burned down their barns. In order to enjoy their strong drink the lovers of liquor burn up every year a large part of the health, wealth and happiness of the community. They have had a long time to evolve some way to hold on to their liquor without these ill results to the public but they have not yet succeeded. In Charles Reade's novel, "A Woman- Hater," a great singer returns to the stage, after having for some time retired. When she is about to go on its "Faust," she is seized with a fit of timidity and trembling, and they bring her a glass of brandy and water: "She put up her hand against it with royal scorn. 'No, sir! If the theatre and the lights, and the people, the mind of Goethe, and the music of Gounod, cannot excite me without that, out me at the counter of a cafe, for I have no business here.'" Let us cultivate the higher satisfactions. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Dorchester, Jan. 20. Married Women And Their Titles To the Editor of The Nation: You note the fact that Susan B. Anthony introduced Lucy Stone on some public occasion as "Mrs. Stone." Mrs. Stone was the name by which my mother was known to all her friends and neighbors and to her associates in reform work. It was the name by which she wished to be called. She had no objection to the change of title that indicates whether a woman is married or single. But she regarded the loss of a woman's name at marriage as a symbol of the loss of her individuality, and she would have none of it. She spoke with warm indignation of the woman in "Bleak House" who had been Mrs. Captain Swosser and Mrs. Prof. Dingo and was now Mrs. Bayham Badger. She said it was like a slave who was Cuffee Smith if he belonged to Mr. Smith, and Cuffee Jones if he became the property of Mr. Jones. Before her marriage, she consulted several eminent lawyers, including the Hon. Salmon P. Chase, who was afterward chief justice of the United States. They all told her that there was no law requiring a married woman to take her husband's name; it was only a custom. It is said that my father's family were rather glad to have her keep her own name. His elder sister, Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, was the first woman in modern times to take a medical degree - a thing looked upon as altogether shocking. The family thought they had enough odium to bear because one woman named Blackwell was practicing medicine, without having another woman of that name lecturing for woman's rights in a bloomer dress. When Massachusetts gave women school suffrage in 1879, my mother let herself be deprived of her vote rather than sacrifice her principles. She would not register as Lucy Blackwell, and the authorities would not let her register as Lucy Stone. I have seldom seen my father more indignant. He proposed that he and I should go before the registrars and make oath that we had known this woman for many years, and that her name was Lucy Stone. Of course, it would have been useless. She lost her vote because a small Boston official thought he knew more about law than the chief justice of the United States. In recent years, I am sorry to say, Massachusetts has adopted an enactment in regard to the re-registration of women after marriage which requires them to use their husbands' names; but there was no such provision at that time. Sooner or later it will be repealed. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Chilmark, Mass.Debs and the Committee Chairman By ROBERT WHITAKER "Glengarry's" very generous mention of my verse in the Union Record for December 1, 1926, reminds me of another service which he did me a year and a half ago. At that time I wrote an article for the Union Record on "Managing Meetings," using by way of illustration the manner in which the Debs meetings here in Los Angeles had been misused by the managers of them to run in a lot of second rate speakers while Mr. Debs himself was compelled to talk, after interminable waiting, to a spent and exasperated audience. I made the article as impersonal as I could, and I did not publish it in the paper which I was editing here because there was nothing vindictive about it, nor did I have in mind the chastising of individuals, but the correction of a bad habit, which is widespread in both radical and conservative circles, and from which all speakers of note are likely to suffer. "Glengarry" was kind enough at that time to send a copy of the article to Mr. Debs, and under date of August 17, 1925, I received this note from him, which I feel there can be no harm in giving to the public now. 'My dear Comrade Whitaker: "Through the kindness of our good 'Glengarry,' I have received marked copies of the Union Record of Seattle containing your very interesting and timely articles on 'Bryan and Debs' and 'On Managing Meetings,' and I feel moved to send you this line of thanks and appreciation. Since returning from the western coast I have been extremely busy clearing away the accumulation, and there is not time to inflict you with a letter, but I wish you to know how deeply sensible I am of your kindly interest and your generous hearted appreciation of my humble service to the cause. "Your article on 'Managing Meetings' is certainly a most timely contribution to the socialist press, and I wish it could have the widest reading among both those who manage and those who attend our meetings. I have been the victim of the mismanagement you protest against ever since I have been in the socialist movement, submitting to it only to spare the feelings of those responsible for it who, however misguided and unwise in judgment, have had at least good intentions to their credit, but I admit that it is not only not fair, but grossly unjust and in a real sense dishonest to the patrons of our meetings and that, therefore, it must be harmful and not helpful to the cause, and therefore your protest against the abuse is not only justified, but is to be commended as being in the interest and for the benefit of all concerned. You could not have presented the matter so clearly, so cogently and convincingly if you had not had like experience, and aside from the service you have rendered in a general way in registering your protest I wish you to know that I appreciate fully your purpose in writing and the service you have rendered to me in particular." The rest of the letter is too intimate and personal to be printed here, but what I have given is presented for the triple reason that I want this to acknowledge the service "Glengarry" did me and others in making this matter known to Mr. Debs. I want to stress, as this letter does to all who read it carefully, the remarkable responsiveness of Eugene Debs to any slightest personal attention or service to the common people's cause, and I am glad to have a second opportunity to emphasize the need of radical reform in the handling of public speakers and public meetings. "The common people's cause," I said above. It was "the common people's cause to which Eugene V. Debs was committed and which he served with all his heart, not the cause of any party or any political or economic creed. This is not to deny the definiteness of his convictions, or the loyalty of his allegiance to the party through which these convictions were ministered, as he saw the matter. But Debs was not, in the final word, a party man; he was the people's friend, lover and brother. So I am going to give here certain lines which I wrote after his passing, and which were read at a memorial meeting held in his honor in Los Angeles, apart from the great mass meeting which thousands attended later. This was a smaller meeting, held by those who did not altogether agree with Mr. Debs, who would claim, indeed, that they are more radical than he. Yet these also felt sincerely that he belonged to them. He was "Our Gene" to a host of people, both to the "right" and "left" of his own political positions, because he was so much more than his ideas and beliefs. "OUR 'GENE" Who shall pay honor to our mighty dead? They who agreed with him in all he said? Who claimed him chieftain of their sect and clan, Or they who loved him that he was a MAN? A man, whose loving was beyond all creed, With whom no thought of office soiled the deed Who held first place because he sought it not, But shared sincerely every human's lot. Nor was he greatest in his prison role, He who could suffer and still keep his soul, Could unembittered leave the bars behind, Yet keep earth's every prisoner in mind. His was no martyr mood, no hero pose For praise of friends, or pity from his foes. He wanted nothing for himself alone, Nor could he any partial good enthrone. What was the plea with which he dropped his pen?* A plea for party, or a plea for men? For brothers, anarchists and aliens, too, But none the less still brothers in his view. His was the world of workers everywhere; For them his every thought, his every care; Too large of soul for hurt, or for offense, His goal was labor's militant defense. Then who shall honor him, a few, or all Of those whose clarion is labor's call? Wherever men are one with slaves and plebs May they not all pay homage now to Debs? *The last article that Debs wrote was an appeal for Sacco and Vanzetti.JANUARY 4, 1925 LIVELY TIMES THIS CLUB HAD West Brookfield Farmers' Club, 50 Years Old, Proud of Its Record of Activities For 50 years the West Brookfield Farmers' Club, including not only the farmers of that town but of several neighboring towns, has been meeting regularly. The membership, of course, has changed almost entirely; the horse and buggy have given way to the fliver, and the old-time festivities have to some extent been modified to meet the changing times, but the club goes on. This year being the 50th of the club's existence, much interest is manifest by the members in the history of the organization. At a meeting on March 3, 1900, S.H. Reed, now secretary of the club, read a paper on the story of the club from its foundation. The idea, says Mr. Reed, was an inspiration of Lyman H. Chamberlain, to whom it was suggested by a book he was reading in the Winter of 1873. Farmers in the neighborhood hailed the plan enthusiastically, but it was not until the Winter of 1874 that anything was done. Then at a meeting in the anteroom of the Town Hall the club was formed with the following original members: Lyman H. Chamberlain, S. Newell White, Benjamin P. Aiken, Deacon C. Edward Gilbert, Charles R. Prouty, Deacon Joel G. Bruce and W. Bowman Stone, brother of Lucy Stone. It is related that at one of the early meetings of the club Mr. Stone, who was a short man, had climbed to a settee to speak and his daughter, Phebe, who likewise had something to say, when her time to speak came, stood up on the settee, too, remarking that "if my father can do this so can I" . . .which seems to show that Lucy Stone had a niece after her own heart. ----- Surprised by the Women The club grew very rapidly, for it filled a need long felt by the farmers. Mr. Reed describes the first time the wives and daughters of the farmers came into the club" "One evening in March, 1877," he writes, "strange to relate, all the farmers' wives and daughters had errands in the village. For carrying sundry boxes and pails along they gave many a plausible reason. When the club meeting was but half through a knock was heard. A messenger announced tat we were all invited to the Old Church Vestry. This church was the First Parish of Brookfield, formed on Foster Hill in 1660. "As we filed into the vestry, taking back seats, Mrs Chamberlain was addressing the company on the "Trials of Farmers' Wives." Among the list she mentioned green wood. Another expatiated on 'Patches and Buttons, or how to sew them on to stay'. In a short time the doors that divided the vestry was thrown open, and Oh! - the eight of those loaded tables. Our wives and girls were all there, gabbling and flying around, yes, some even blacked up as darkey waiters. The last course of the feast was a generous slice of a frosted and flower-bedecked pyramid cake, a cubt and span being the height thereof. 'Grandma Armstrong' made it, she of New England Homestead fame, otherwise known as Mrs. H. W. Hamillton. "The company was called to order, when all had feasted till they could eat no more, by the lady president, Miss Alice J. White, who delivered an address worthy of the many talented women of West Brookfield. As her father made reply for the club he expressed his great pleasure in having a daughter who could preside so gracefully. And since he was blessed with several daughters, he could not refrain from quoting The Good Book, which says, 'Blessed is the man that hath his quiver full of them.'" ----- Other Things Than Farming Miss Mary Fairbanks Holmes, who has carried on the account of the club from 1900, writes that she can remember this incident quite well. "Very well do I remember that night. My father was surprised that mother and myself wanted to go to the plains and the excuses we had to make for our baskets. Helen White and myself carried the note of invitation to that upper room and peeped through the keyhoye while it was being read. Specimens of corn were laid out on a settee and we laughed to see Mr. Bowman Stone hurry his into a bag. Some of the men were behind, and when questioned why they did not come along, said they couldn't leave that corn because the rats would eat it." In the 1880s and '90s the club was in its heyday. Besides the annual dinner and the regular meetings during the Winter, a cattle show was frequently held in the Spring and a picnic festival during the Summer. From 1879 to 1899 many of the meetings were in the homes of the members on invitation, but toward the end of this period the membership grew so that even the large, rambling farmhouses of the neighborhood could not accommodate the crowds. Then some of the meetings were transferred to the Town Hall. Much more than agricultural matters concerned the club: essays and papers on affairs of current importance were read by club members: concerts and entertainments were given by them and often the club had special speakers address it. Later in its career speakers and instructors came from the Amherst Agricultural College to teach both the farmers and their wives how better to manage their business. Miss Holmes tells of the first of these schools in 1911, when two instructors were sent from the Massachusetts Aggies to West Brookfield and remained there a week. A school for men was in session in G. A. R. Hall and another for women in Grange Hall. Miss Holmes recalls looking over the bread dough of the instructor with other women of the neighborhood rather critically. "We thought it too stiff," she writes, "and doubted her ability to do better than we could ourselves. However, the result was very good. Another thing I recall: she told us how unnecessary to spend so much time and energy wiping dishes, and closed the lesson with: "There now, not one of you will wipe your dishes again, but will have the time for something better.' I have wiped them just the same ever since." ----- Cyclone Destroyed Records Mr Reed in his paper relates the curious end of the records of the early years of the club, kept by Mr Chamberlain in his home. "On the 9th day of July, 1885, a cyclone gathered on Ragged Hill overturning trees, taking its path southeast onto Wickaboag Pond, straight to the Chamberlain home. It raised the mansard roof from off the stone walls of the house, carrying that third story of the great square house bodily into the air. It struck the ground 65 rods from the house, bounded 34 rods farther, where it was deposited in a pasture 100 rods from the house. A simple flat roof was immediately built. "Strange, but true, on Feb 9, 1887, a second cyclone, or more properly a whirlwind, carried this second roof high in the air, then dashed it down in the dooryard bottom side up. The bricks of the chimney whirling high in the air looked like leaves. The entire contents of the attic, the bedclothing, a desk and the Farmers' Club reports went up, never to be seen again. "The third roof has been securely bolted to the foundation walls, but too late to preserve our reports prior to 1887." Mr Chaberlain, the founder of the club, was likewise its first secretary, and served in that capacity to his death in 1902. It was in honor of Mr Chamberlain's 50th wedding anniversary that Mr Reed prepared his history of the club. Mr Reed has been secretary since Mr Chamberlain's death. Miss Holmes sounds one one of regret at the present standing of the club. "Unfortunately," she writes, "the Young People's Day has failed these later years, though formerly it was one of the red-letter days of the year. The lacg of interest among the young people is traced to various causes, but nevertheless is to be deplored." ----- GRANT DISLIKED STORIES To the Editor of the Post: Sir--While General Grant's characteristics are under discussion, we may recall, to his credit, his strong dislike for vulgar stories. He was standing once among a group of military men, when an officer came up, exclaiming: "O boys, I have such a good story for you! There are no ladies present, I believe?" Grant answered, , curtly: "No, but please remember that there are gentlemen present." The story was not told. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Dorchester. ----- A BOSTON WOMAN'S GRATITUDE To the Editor of The Herald: Many years ago, as each Christmas, Easter or Thanksgiving day came round, the writer regularly received by mail an artistically colored flower card with a few lines of good wishes poetically befitting the season. It was anonymous. Years later I learned that my generous benefactor was Miss Alice Stone Blackwell, who had followed her honored father, Henry B. Blackwell, as editor of the Woman's Journal, then published on Park street. She declared I ad helped the cause of woman suffrage! My aid consisted merely of reporting a few speeches, pro and con, when the suffrage debates were once before the Legislature, for which Mr. Blackwell had already well paid me. WILLIAM B. WRIGHT Boston, June 9. [written over above piece: 6-12-25] ----- THE BLACK REGIMENT To the Editor of the Post: Sir--Let me thank you for your editorial, "An Inexcusable Slur." Lincoln praised the bravery of the colored troops who fought in the Civil war. George Henry Boker, in his once famous poem, "The Black Regiment," tells how courageously they gave their lives and says in conclusion: "Oh, to the living few, Soldiers, be just and true! Hail them as comrades tried; Fight with them side by side; Never, in field or tent. Scorn the black regiment!" ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Dorchester. June 12, 1925The Literary Digest for July 2, 1921 21 CRUISERS Class Date Coal Oil (Tons) (Tons) Carnarvon.........1903 1,750 250 Weymouth........1910 1,290 260 Chatham............1913 1,160 240 Arethusa............1914 nil 810 Courageous......1916 nil 3,160 Centaur...............1916 nil 820 Hawkins..............1917 1,000 1,500 Dauntless...........1918 nil 1,050 Enterprise...........1919 nil ? CAPITAL SHIPS (B. C. - BATTLE-CRUISER) Class Date Coal Oil (Tons) (Tons) Bellepheron.....................1907 2,650 840 New Zealand (B. C.)..... 1910 3,100 840 King George V................1911 2,900 850 Lion (B. C.)........................1911 3,500 1,130 Iron Duke..........................1912 3,200 1,600 *Tiger (B. C.).....................1913 3,300 3,500 Queen Elizabeth.............1913 nil 3,400 Royal Sovereign..............1915 nil 3,400 Renown (B. C.).................1916 nil 4,250 Hood (B. C.)......................1917 nil 4,000 *Now being fitted to burn oil exclusively. With Tiger's completion, the Atlantic Fleet will be entirely oil-burning. "LOVELY SMYRNA" THE WAR-PRIZE UNTIL TURKEY'S FLAG floats above "Lovely Smyrna" there can be no peace between the Greeks and the Turks, carious Constantinople organs declare, while a Nationalist newspaper of Angora laughs derisively at a reported congress of Turks at Rome to secure foreign mediation in the Greco-Turkish conflict. These persons have no mandate, either official or private, from the National Assembly at Angora, according to the Angora Hakimiet-i-Millie, which adds: "In our view, the fight can be ended only in one way: by the evacuation of Smyrna and Thrace by the Greeks. As long as these Greeks remain in Anatolia, they will not find a single Turk who will be willing to enter into direct or indirect negotiations with them. As long as the Greeks are in Anatolia, the only means of talking to them is through the Turkish Army, which will express itself in the language of cannon, rifle, and sword, until its voice is heard in Smyrna Bay." The Constantinople Turkish daily Ileri recalls on the "second anniversary of the surprize of Smyrna" that the Young Turkish Army is only a year old. It is true that Red Ottoman flag does not yet unroll "above the Smyrna quays; the harbor is not yet open, as before, to the commerce of the world: foreigners and natives do not yet enjoy the quiet of old," and poor Smyrna, "like hapless Saloniki, gives the impression of a dried-up spring." But, this journal confidently predicts: "The dream for which we have been struggling for two years - even in the opinion of the most far-sighted foreign statesmen and the most important organs of the foreign press - is in a fair way to be realized. The Turkish flag will soon be floating over lovely Smyrna." How this all seems to the Greeks may be judged from the remark of the Greek Proodos to the effect that - "On May 16, 1919, Ionia, the center of Greek hopes for ages, after a slavery of six centuries began its new epoch of history. It commenced to breathe once more. Since the pan-Hellenic upheaval of 1821, since the constitution of the kingdom, the coming of the Greeks to Smyrna marks certainly the most glorious page in the New Greek restoration. For this occupation was undertaken not simply for the usual territorial advantages. Greece was called to enter Asia Minor by sacred traditions and great interests. The appearance of the Hellenic Army on these shores, where the Greek spirit had shone out most brilliantly, was the symbol of a historic return. Greece, by throwing this great bridge across the Aegean, has found once more the road toward national development. Greek unity without Smyrna, Greek security without a firm foothold in Asia Minor, would be artificial and useless." A "TRADE SIEGE" OF SOVIET RUSSIA IF IT IS TRUE that war upon Soviet Russia, with its blockade of trade, only prolonged the Bolshevik regime, as those said who maintained that Russia's autocracy of terror was kept in power by the mass fear in Russia that the Allied Powers aimed to make it a subject country, then the opposite policy, a "trade siege," to besiege Russia with traders and goods, as evidenced in the agreements between that country and England and Germany, and the projected agreement with Italy, should surely show up Bolshevik rule to its destruction. The well-informed Journal de Geneve predicts that Italy's negotiations with the Soviet Government will repeat the endless twists and roundabouts which preceded Mr. Lloyd [*SOVIET RUSSIA'S INCREASING INTERIOR RUMBLINGS. -The Star (Montreal).*] George's conclusion of a bargain with Lenine. But while Italy is offered many alluring opportunities, Italian financial circles are reported reluctant to venture big investments for a result still difficult to foresee. Nevertheless, this daily predicts that an agreement will finally be reached which will "disclose the absolute inadequacy of the regime organized by the 'Red' dictators, and will indirectly precipitate either its evolution or its downfall." We read then: "The new economic plan of Lenine to give foreigners concessions of industrial, agricultural, and mining exploitation in Soviet Russia will certainly facilitate the conclusion of an agreement. The Government of the commissaries of the people, according to the envoys, will be especially disposed to accord every facility to the financial groups who will undertake these exploitations, and it will dispense them from the 'Labor Code,' that is, it will authorize them to form themselves along European lines and will reserve its rights of legislation for the Russian workers alone. "Yet the Bolshevik leaders are really in no hurry to sign the treaties restoring the freedom of exchange which formerly they demanded with much more insistence. Their aim is much more political than economic. The important point in their eyes is to be able to have commissions received in foreign countries so that they may resume contacts with the west, organize their propaganda by underhand methods, and gain time. They realize that they would not profit greatly through an industrialBoston Transcript 324 WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTON 8, MASS. (Entered at the Post Office, Boston, Mass, as Second Class Mail Matter) WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1924 Fair Politics for Women In a letter published elsewhere in our columns today Miss Alice Stone Blackwell describes very clearly the rights and wrongs of a contest now in progress on Beacon Hill which deeply concerns the best interest not only of women in politics but of the State's whole electoral practice and polity. The matter at issue is a question of the means which should be chosen to secure due representation of women in the State committees of their respective parties. Under the terms of a bill introduced by Mrs. Susan FitzGerald, every senatorial district would be compelled to elect one committee-woman as well as a committee-man. Under a bill sponsored by Grafton Cushing, the same result would be facilitated and encouraged without compulsion, and therefore "without writing sex into the fundamental law of the Commonwealth," and without setting up any other basis of choice than that which should always prevail in the eyes of our law; namely, the test of merit, the test of quality. Between these alternatives no thoughtful citizen should find much difficulty in passing judgment and making a selection. The Cushing bill is preferable. Yet so little, as it seemed, was the true nature of the issue understood by the author of an editorial article which recently appeared in the columns of a morning contemporary, that all persons who opposed the FitzGerald bill were declared, ipso facto, to be the enemies of woman suffrage and the confessors of its failure. Of this strange contention the statements made by so traditional a champion of suffrage as Miss Blackwell are an obvious refutation. Her views are supported, moreover, by a long list of endorsers of the Cushing bill, including Mrs. William Lowell Putnam, Ada L. Comstock, Dr. Charles W. Eliot, Louis A. Coolidge, Henry L. Shattuck, George A. Rich and Thomas C. O'Brien, to cite but a few representative examples. The plea of these petitioners deserves hearing. In any case, the FitzGerald bill should be rejected. Compulsory choice on the basis of sex should not be written into our election laws. Far better than that unfortunate event would it be to ?? the matter of committee representation as it has thus far been arranged by the Republicans, namely, through the appointment by the convention of a sufficient number of women to balance the number of men elected by the voters. In all probability, however, this arrangement cannot long endure. Although it does secure a balanced representation, still in practice it means that whereas men receive a full and fair chance of popular election to the committee, women may only secure places in accordance with the dictates of a self- perpetuating convention-slate. This discrepancy, always open to challenge, will ultimately be overthrown. When it does fall, a substitute of the kind sponsored by Grafton Cushing, making competence and not sex the test at the polls, should take its place. Letters to the Editor "FOR QUALITY, NOT FOR SEX" To the Editor of the Transcript: Two bills are now before the Legislature, both aiming to secure a larger representation of elected women on the State political committees. The bill introduced by Mrs. FitzGerald required the election of one committee-man and one committee-woman by the party voters in each senatorial district. The bill introduced by Grafton D. Cushing provides for the election of two committee members from each district, instead of one, as at present, but does not specify their sex. There are serious doubts as to the constitutionality of the former bill. The constitutionality of the Cushing bill is not questioned. It has other advantages. The FitzGerald bill seeks to compel the election of a woman from every district. The Cushing bill facilitates and encourages it, but does not make it compulsory. By having two members chosen instead of one, it makes it possible to put a woman in without putting a man out; and as the express object of the bill is to promote the election of more women, its passage would suggest to the voters of every district to take such action. It is in line with the method already followed in the election of our ward and county committees. It is in line with the method followed in New York State, where 6500 women are actually serving upon political committees. If their election had been compulsory in every district there would have been only a few hundred more. Two factors have contributed to this in New York, a sense of fair play on the part of the voters, and the belief of the party managers that it was good policy. The small number of the women thus far elected to the State committees from the districts in Massachusetts proves nothing, because under our present system no district can elect a woman without ceasing to elect a man. The Cushing bill would remove this difficulty. It is desirable to increase the number of women, but not by comparison. If the voters of any district cannot find a suitable woman willing to serve, they should not be forced to elect an unsuitable one, merely for the sake of having a woman. In other words, the women members of the committees should be chosen for quality and not for sex. An enlarged representation of women is desirable not only on the State committee but in the Legislature and in many other public positions; but it is only in regard to the State committees that the FitzGerald bill proposes to make it compulsory. Women who are candidates for any other place must stand upon, their own merits. Why should protection be sought for this small group of women committee members alone? Why not let them also stand on their merits? The Cushing bill also does away with a serious abuse which the FitzGerald bill leaves untouched. At present, the political party conventions can add to the committee members elected by popular vote in the districts as many members at large as they please, with the result that the popularly elected members are out-numbered by those added by the convention, upon the nomination of the machine. Thus both party machines are self-perpetuating. The Cushing bill does away with this abuse. Its supporters would probably be willing to accept an amendment providing for a limited number of members a large, but not allowing an unlimited number, as at present. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Boston, Feb. 12, 1924. THE BOSTON HERALD WEDNESDAY, FEB. 27, 1924 THEY NEED A REFUGE To the Editor of The Herald: You draw a graphic picture of the persecution of the Jews in Rumania, and add: "Has not the time come for the Rumanian ruling class to let the Rumanian Jews have fair treatment at home, instead of making the land of their birth a place of oppression from which they must seek escape?" Undoubtedly that time is due and overdue. But we do not propose to force the Rumanian government to put a stop to the persecution, and the victims themselves cannot stop it. That being the case, is it not a cruelty to compel them to stay where they suffer such treatment? America has prided itself on being a refuge for the oppressed. Whatever restrictions may be laid on immigration, they should be relaxed in favor of the victims of religious persecution, whether these be Armenian Christians or Rumanian Jews. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Dorchester, Feb. 26. Divers Good Causes Catherine Breshkovsky's Orphans To the Editor of the Transcript: Catherine Breshkovsky, "the Little Grandmother of the Russian revolution," has just celebrated her eightieth anniversary. Will not some of her American friends make a contribution for her orphans in honor of the occasion? Unable to return to Russia because she is out of sympathy with the Government, she has founded in Russian Carpathia (now a part of the Czechoslovak Republic) schools where several hundred poor children are fed, sheltered and taught to be good citizens. She appeals earnestly for money for their support. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL 3 Monadnock street, Boston. [*Feb. 27 1924*] BABIES NOT TO BLAME To the Editor of The Herald: All the Quaker relief workers now in Germany agree that the need there is more desperate than ever. Maj.-Gen. Henry T. Allen says: "Secretary Hoover is fully justified in saying that 20,000,000 Germans are now in serious danger. As is always, the case in such emergencies the most acute suffering is to be found among the children and the aged. Even if it is true that some officials of the German government have seriously blundered and that some German industrialists are profiteering at the expense of the lifeblood of their countrymen, the heartlessness of such men does not excuse right-minded people in all lands from coming to the rescue of the starving." Dr. W. A. Horsley Gantt, after personal observation, writes: "I saw more malnutrition in one day than I have ever seen in Baltimore in three years. The sight of the children would appeal to the most stony-hearted - the wizened, expressionless faces, narrow chests, covered with skin so flabby that it folded over their bones like a cloak, their deformed and twisted bodies, often too apathetic and weak to cry." President Murlin of Boston University says of the children: "We saw them by the thousands, with legs and arms like pipestems, crooked and twisted, with stomachs swollen to twice their normal size - all for lack of food." No doubt the starving babies would be glad to force the German war profiteers to feed them if they could, but they cannot. When an appeal was made the other day for 600 hungry babies in South Boston, we might as well have refused to contribute on the ground that the American war profiteers ought to feed them. Hoover says of the present tragic situation in Germany: "Whoever may be in fault, it is not the people who must go hungry, and honest charity inquires no further." Send your contributions to John F. Moors, 4 Park street, Boston. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Dorchester, April 13. The Literary Digest for July 2, 1921 5 Schools for Girls and Colleges for Women BRENAU College Conservatory For Young Women GAINESVILLE, Georgia 50 Miles North of Atlanta Combines best features of School, Club and Home. Standard courses leading to the degrees of B.A., B.O. and Mus. B. Special students in art - household economics - secretarial branches and physical culture. Brenau Means Refined Gold Faculty of 40 college graduates - student body of 500, thirty states represented - non-sectarian, seven fraternities - Home-like atmosphere, democratic spirit, Student Self-Government. Modern equipment, 96 acres, 32 buildings, including up-to-date gymnasium with swimming pool. Healthful climate in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains. We invite your inspection. For particulars address: BRENAU, Box L, Gainesville, Ga. Frances Shimer School for Girls and Young Women. 2 years College, 4 years Academy, Music, Art, Expression, Home Economics, Business and Teachers courses. Certificate privileges, 35 acres, 8 buildings, 69th year. Separate building for 1st and 2nd year academic students. Catalog. Rev. Wm. P. McKee, Dean, Box 648, Mt. Carroll, Ill. MISS HAIRE'S SCHOOL The University School for Girls, Chicago. Boarding and Day School. Fireproof building overlooking Lake Michigan. College preparatory and graduate courses. Outdoor sports. Annual charges $1,500. Miss Anna R. Haire, A.B., Principal, 1106 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois. Illinois Women's College Accredited by universities. Degrees in Liberal Arts, Music, Home Economics, Special courses - Secretarial, Physical Training, Music, Drawing and Painting. 8 buildings, Gymnasium, Swimming, Tennis. Catalog. Box C. JACKSONVILLE, ILL. The Aikin Open Air School, St. Petersburg Florida Residential School for Girls. Best of instructors. Thorough work, normal living. Courses: Grades, High School, languages, Tutoring, Sports, Work and play in fresh air and sunshine. Sleeping porches. No diseased pupil received. Booklet. Mrs. Maude Aikin, Supt. Centenary College-Conservatory Box F For Girls Cleveland, Tenn. Standard Junior College. Best advantages in all branches of music, art, expression, home economics, physical education and business. Swimming pool, all indoor and outdoor sports. Beautiful grounds, ideal location, excellent railway facilities. 37th year begins Sept. 20, 1921. Limited to 100 boarders. Rates $450.00. Address. Dr. J.W. Malone, President, Cleveland, Tenn. WARD - BELMONT For Girls and Young Women RESERVATIONS for the 1921-22 session should be made as soon as possible to ensure entrance. Courses covering 4 years preparatory and a years college work. Strong Music and Art Departments. Also Literature, Expression, Physical Training, Home Economics and Secretarial. Outdoor sports and swimming pool. Wood Crest is the School Farm and Country Club. References required. Booklets on request. Address. WARD - BELMONT Belmont Heights Box F. Nashville, Tenn. LINDENWOOD COLLEGE A College for Women Established 1827 30 Minutes from St. Louis [images] Campus, ideally situated on high elevation, covers 114 acres of beautiful woodland. Three million dollars in equipment and endowment offers exceptional educational advantages. Two and four year college courses conferring degrees. Special vocational courses in Hope Economics, Art, Expression, Journalism, Business. Unusual opportunity to develop musical talents under competent instructors. Supervised athletics. Well-equipped gym. Swimming pool. Full term opens Sept. 13th. Early application advisable. For catalog, address J.L. ROEMER, D.D., President Box E St. Charles, Missouri. CRESCENT COLLEGE Accredited Junior College for Girls. In the Heart of the Ozarks. Healthful and healthy. Modern methods of hygiene and instruction. Limited. Select . 80 girls from 20 states. Address for catalogue and view books, CRESCENT COLLEGE. Box I., Eureka Springs, Ark. Girls' Collegiate School ADAMS AND HOOVER STREETS LOS ANGELES CALIFORNIA Thirtieth year opens September 29th. General, College-Preparatory, Advanced Courses. Illustrated Catalogue. Miss Parsons & Miss Dennen, Principals. The Marlborough School For Girls Los Angeles A Private High School for Boarding and Day Pupils. Unexcelled opportunities for study, recreation and health in delightful climate. Beautiful new buildings. School rooms and bedrooms instantly convertible into open air rooms. Gymnasium, basketball, tennis, horseback riding, out-of-door study the year round. Special cultural and musical courses. Model flat for domestic art and science. Thorough college preparation with full certification rights to all colleges. 33rd year opens September 28. For catalogue address THE SECRETARY, MARLBOROUGH SCHOOLS, 5041 West 3rd Street, Los Angeles, California. ANNA HEAD SCHOOL FOR GIRLS Primary, grammar and high school. Accredited leading colleges West and East. Outdoor study and school rooms. Gym, tennis, basketball, swimming pool, etc. 5 buildings, beautiful grounds. 34th year opens Sept. 7. for illus. catalog write Miss MARY E. WILSON, Principal, 2544 Channing Way, Berkeley, California. Boys' Preparatory CASCADILLA College Preparatory School for Boys Thorough preparation for college or business life. Individual attention. Athletics, Gymnasium. Recreation building on Lake Cayuga. Navy outfit for the well-known school crew. Military drill. Enrollment 125. Healthfully located above Ithaca and Lake Cayuga. summer School specializing in preparation for University Entrance Examinations. Write for catalogs. The Cascadilla Schools, - Box 118, - Ithaca, N.Y. Mercers Academy Offers thorough physical, mental and moral training for college or business. Under Christian masters from the great universities. Located in the Cumberland Valley, one of the most picturesque spots of America. New gymnasium, Equipment modern. Write for catalog. Address Box 193. William Mann Irvine, LL.D., Headmaster, Mercersburg, Pa. Franklin and Marshall Academy Prepares boys for all Colleges and Technical Schools. Complete Modern Equipment and good Physical Training Department. Old established school on basis allowing moderate terms. Catalogue on request. Address. E.M. HARTMAN, Principal, Pox 407, Lancaster, Pa. INDIANAPOLIS BOYS PREPARATORY SCHOOL Upper School of Five Forms giving thorough training for all colleges. Lower School covering work corresponding to Grades 5,6,7,8. Accommodations for limited number of boarding pupils. Catalogue on request. CENTRAL AVENUE AT 15TH STREET, INDIANAPOLIS, IND. THE STONE SCHOOL Cornwall-on-Hudson, Box 17, New York FIFTY-FIFTH YEAR A School in the Heart of the Open Country Separated Lower School for Boys 9 -12. Location: 50 miles from New York, 5 miles from West Point, on a spur of the Storm King Mountains, 900 feet above sea level. Healthful, invigorating, unusually adapted to a sane and simple out-of-doo life. WORK: Preparation for College or Business Life; recent graduates in 12 leading colleges. Each boy studies physically and mentally to increase individual efficiency. Small Classes; a teacher for every 8 boys. ATHLETICS: Two fields with excellent facilities for all sports, under supervision; hiking, woods life, swimming pool. You are invited to come and see for yourself. Catalog sent on application. ALVAN E. DUERR, Headmaster. IRVING SCHOOL for Boys Tarrytown-on-Hudson, New York 25 miles from N.Y., in the beautiful, historic "Irving" country. 85th year. 30 years under present Headmaster. Extensive grounds. Modern and complete equipment. Prepares for all colleges and technical schools. Athletic Field, Swimming Pool. New Gymnasium. Address J.M. FURMAN, A.M., Headmaster, Box 905 Todd Seminary for Boys Illinois, Woodstock. (1 hour from Chicago) 1000 feet above the sea. 74th year. Exclusively for younger boys (7 to 16). Right thinking development through comradeship between teachers and boys. Vigilant watchfulness of personal habits. Summer Camp, Onekama, Mich. NOBLE HILL, Principal.THE PEOPLE'S FORUM Chinese and Foreign Lives To the Editor of The World: The present wave of anti-foreign feeling in China recalls a wave of anti-foreign feeling in the United States some years ago. Then the cry was, "The Chinese must go!" In many cities Chinese were mobbed and maltreated. In Los Angeles alone fifteen Chinese were killed. In Nanking one American was killed, and three other foreigners. Nanking for forty-eight hours was practically without a government, the northerners being in flight and the southern General not having yet reached the city. Los Angeles had a responsible government. Yet Los Angeles neither punished the guilty nor paid reparations nor apologized to China. A few months ago a British gunboat (because a few British sailors had lost their lives in a collision between two boats on the river) shelled the defenseless City of Wahnsien and killed 2,000 Chinese. Great Britain neither apologized for this atrocity nor offered reparations, nor punished the Captain of the guilty gunboat. It is constantly assumed that foreign lives are precious but Chinese lives of no account. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Dorchester, Mass., April 14. April 20__ 1927 Educating the Chinese ONE MEXICAN VIEW To the Editor of The Herald: Let me thank you most heartily for this morning's editorial on Mexico. An American friend of mine, whose business made him long a resident of Mexico, tells me that the real cause of the present trouble has been concealed from the public. He says the same little group that secured fraudulent possession of the U. S. naval oil reserves at Teapot Dome is now claiming oil lands of enormous extent and value in Mexico, under a crooked title. According to him, the fraud they practiced on the United States does not compare in magnitude with the fraud they are trying to put over in Mexico. They want the United States, by a threat of overwhelming force, to compel the Mexican government to validate titles which no court would uphold. It will be a crime if a legal question which should be settled by the courts is settled by armed intervention. Admiral Latimer, who has been sent South to coerce Nicaragua and overawe Mexico, is the same man who, as chief law officer of the navy department, rendered the decisions enabling Fall, Doheny and Sinclair to get possession of Teapot Dome. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Dorchester, Jan. 10. Jan 14 1927 Shakespeare in Siberia TO THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR: The Shakespeare celebration recalls a story told me many years ago by George W. Kennan. He made his first visit to Siberia when a very young man, with a party surveying for a proposed new telegraph line. They were warmly received in the towns along their route. In one place they met a postmaster who spoke English. But there was something queer about his English. It proved to be sixteenth-century English. The Government gave postmasters a ride in salary for each foreign language that they learned: and this man had taught himself English entirely out of Shakespeare. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Boston. May 9, 1932 AMERICA FOR AMERICANS? To the Editor of The New York Times: An amusing little play, lately given before a gathering of club women, has a lesson for those who may be disposed to look down upon "foreigners." Two girls read in the paper of a shooting affray in the foreign quarter of the city, and one of them wishes that all foreigners might be deported, "bag and baggage." Unknown to her, a ring that she is wearing is a wishing ring; and things begin to happen. An energetic baggage agent, from "the firm of Unfriendly Thoughts," comes in, and, despite the girls' protests, makes his men ship off the telephone to Scotland, the country of Alexander Graham Bell; the radio to Italy, the birthplace of Marconi; the rugs to Persia, the dishes to China, the books and papers to Germany, which invented printing, &c., &c. The Victrola records are scattered to the four winds, Paderewski's music to Poland, Wagner's to Germany, Verdi's to Italy, the Negro spirituals to Africa. Even a statuette of Abraham Lincoln is whisked off, because it is a reproduction of the statue by Augustus Saint-Gaudens. When the house is pretty well stripped a band of American Indians in feather headdresses comes in and orders the girls out of the country, as "foreigners." In dismay the young woman reverses her wish. Then the Indians leave and the things all come back. The girls bless the baggage agent for restoring them, but decide that they are "never going to take any more chances on calling up the firm of Unfriendly Thoughts. There is no telling what other branches they have!" ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Chilmark, Mass., Sept. 23, 1930. Prompted by Principle To the Editor of the World: H.N. Brailsford, now lecturing in this country, is held in grateful remembrance by many of the old suffragists for one incident in his varied and adventurous career. Many years ago he and Mr. Nevinson resigned from the staff of one of the great British newspapers because they disapproved of its attitude toward the suffragettes. It was an unusual and chivalrous thing to do. It deserves to be remembered. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Boston, Mass., Jan. 10 (*Jan 12, 1931) FINLAND AND LIQUOR To the Editor of the Post: Sir - The suggestion is made that Mrs. Peabody should go to Finland. Many years ago, when Finland was subject to Russia, Finland wanted prohibition and the Czar would not let her have it. At that time a prominent Finnish woman told me the effect of liquor was quite different upon a Russian and a Finn. She said: "When a Russian gets drunk it makes him sill and good natured, and he wants to embrace everybody. But it is apt to make a Finn savage and ferocious." No wonder Finland sticks to prohibition. S.B. (*March 14 1931) HENRY N. BRAILSFORD Henry N. Brailsford, who as recently as December 15th was still in India, will bring us the latest word from that unhappy country. There is not a more accomplished journalist living than Mr. Brailsford - no more persuasive master of the written word. In England he is perhaps best known as the former editor of The New Leader - a publication which, under his guidance, grew to have a circulation far outside the limits of the English-speaking world. It gave, as the London Nation said, "the thought of Labour as expressed by one of the most generous, passionate and unpredictable minds in journalism." His experiences in the East began with the Graeco-Turkish War of 1897, when he served as a volunteer on the Greek side. He acted as correspondent for the Manchester Guardian in Crete, Macedonia and Paris. He spent a winter in Turkey as director of a British Relief Fund, and was the British member of the Carnegie Commission of Enquiry in the Balkans on the eve of the great war. Immediately after the armistice he made a lengthy stay in Germany, Austria and Poland, and has twice travelled in Russia since the Revolution. The Nation (of New York) says: "Henry Noel Brailsford, who is on his way to the United States, is an odd recruit in the army of English lecturers. He despises bunk; he does not soft-soap his own empire; he dares to criticise his own party." Not Women Only To the Editor of The Christian Register - In reading the recent synopsis in THE REGISTER of an article by a doctor, arguing that the use of tobacco was highly unwholesome for women, I was afraid that the effect upon many women would be just what it proved to be in the case of one correspondent. She wrote to THE REGISTER denouncing the doctor, and declaring that the objection to women's smoking was only one of the many senseless taboos imposed upon women in the past by men who wanted to keep certain pleasant things all to themselves. There is ample evidence that the use of tobacco is unwholesome for both men and women. but I doubt if either the doctor, or the good women who are now making a crusade against smoking by girls, will get very far along that line. The human race cannot go on forever, half of them slaves to "the weed" and the other half free. It was a foregone conclusion that, if the men kept on using tobacco, sooner or later the women also would take it up. Women have grown impatient and suspicious of restrictions that are represented as good for them alone. A young scoffer once told a famous clergyman that the religion he preached might be very good for old women, but it would not do for men. The clergyman answered, "Sir, either the religion that I preach is true or it is not true. If it is true, it is good for everybody; if it is not true, it is neither good for old women nor for anyone else." The only way to deal with the tobacco evil is by patient education. We must show men and women alike that, when they feel the need of soothing or relaxation, there are better ways to get it than through the use of a narcotic drug. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Boston, Mass. [*Jan.15. 1931] "WE TOLD YOU SO" To the Editor of the Post: Sir - "Of all mean words from the tongue that flow, The meanest are these: "I told you so.'" But the drys just now can say it to the wets. They told us during the campaign that scrapping our State enforcement act would not mean more drunkenness, more accidents and more crime. Look at the results of the "wildest and wettest New Year's!" We are getting what we voted for, but not what we were told we were voting for. It is a pIty that all the accidents could not be limited to those who voted for repeal. T.C.M. NOT HOME RULE To the Editor of the Post: Sir - Under the proposed new constitution for India, the British Viceroy, or Governor General, is to keep the poser that he now has to override anything that may be done by the elected representatives in the Legislature. This is not home rule, but a camouflaged continuation of the present dictatorship (*Jan, 26, 1931) I have had the best job in the world: I make men and women laugh and sing. - Sir Harry Lauder. Song is assuredly a much pleasanter and, in the last analysis, a more formidable weapon than dynamite. - Prime Minister MacDonald "Rastus, I sure am sorry to hear that you buried your wife." "Yassuh, boss but Ah Jes' had to: she was a daid."The Study Table A New Book on Henry George "The Prophet of San Francisco" was the name derisively applied to Henry George by the Duke of Argyle; and it is the name chosen by the late Louis F. Post for the present volume.* It is timely that this book should appear just now. Tariffs are causing ill feeling between the nations, all over the world, with our own especially abominable tariff heading the list as a breeder of hate. While most countries, including the United States, are trying to secure property by high protection, and signally failing, it is good to turn to the clear and simple economic gospel of one of the world's great thinkers, who long ago pointed out a better way. The author explains that this book is not meant as a biography, the life of Henry George having been already written by his son; nor as a history of the Single Tax movement, which has also been written. He says it is "nothing more than the memories of a personal friend, and the interpretation of a long-time and intimate disciple." Yet it partakes largely of both biography and history. There is no finer reading than the lives of saints; and Mr. Post was exceptionally qualified to give us a graphic picture of this remarkable man, of whom Edward N. Valingham ___ * "The Prophet of San Francisco," by Louis F. Post. Published by the Vanguard Press, New York. $3 ___ says in the Introduction, "I think of Henry George with the same glow at heart that comes when I think of Abraham Lincoln." Mr. Post was also thoroughly familiar with the history of the Single Tax Movement, in which he bore a large and important part. He gives us a thrilling account of those wonderful campaigns which so nearly elected Henry George Mayor of New York. He tells of the United Labor Party, the Anti-Poverty Society, the Cleveland and Bryan campaigns, and the work of Tom Johnson. There are clear and forcible expositions of the doctrine set forth in "Progress and Poverty," a book which at first had to be published by the author at his own expense, and was later translated into many languages and circulated by hundreds of thousands. Nuggets of Henry George's wisdom are scattered liberally through the book, e.g., "As land is necessary to the exertion of labor in the production of wealth, to command the land which is necessary to labor is to command all the fruits of labor, save enough to enable labor to exist." Often Mr. Post throws in a nugget of his own, as when he says, referring to the diverse elements that joined to oppose Henry George for the Mayorality: It was neither the first time nor the last that various breeds of social birds of prey have united to 'save society.' Parasites of society always assume that the stability of society depends upon perpetuating their plundering privileges. Henry George was a pacifist. He said: The great agencies that have everywhere enslaved men have been the passions kindled by war and bloodshed; and when civilization has gone down, it has been in the action and reaction of violence. A newspaper interviewer, surprised that he did not approve of violent methods, asked him, "Then you are not in favor of dynamite, and don't believe in explosions as a means of coercing commercial interests?" He answered: You might as well ask me if I believe in cannibalism. I don't believe in doing evil that good may come...Force can accomplish nothing for the masses of the people until they form some intelligible idea of what they want; and when they do this, force will be needless. Yet, in commenting on President Cleveland's use of Federal troops to break the strike of the railway men, he said: I yield to nobody in my respect for law and order, and my hatred of disorder; but there is something more important even than law and order, and that is the principle of liberty. I yield to nobody in my respect for the rights of property; yet I would rather see every locomotive in the land ditched, every car and every depot burned, and every rail torn up, than to have them preserved by means of a Federal standing army. That is the order that reigned in Warsaw. That is the order in the keeping of which every democratic republic before ours has fallen. I love American republic better than I love such order. There is such a wealth of material in this book that it is hard even to outline its contents. The author tells of Henry George from many sides - his family-life, his spiritual vision, his chief works, his views on many subjects, including the future of his cause, which the author sys is steadily though quietly gaining converts. There is a list of the men who advocate like ideas, before and since, and answers to the principal objections; a description of Henry George's chief works; and an account of the Standard and of the Public, which Mr. Post edited so ably for many years. It would be interesting to quote the explanation of the kind of Socialism that Henry George believed in and the kind he did not; his reasons for thinking permanent organization for the promotion of a political reform to generally unwise; his argument for the immortality of human beings and of animals; and his opinions on many other subjects, including the right relations between husband and wife. Henry George married at twenty-two a girl of eighteen, who was all his life, he declared, his best adviser. The present volume has been brought out under the intelligent and affectionate supervision of Alice Thacher Post, who was so sympathetically associated with her husband for hears in Single-Tax work and in the interesting and inspiring material. It is dedicated "To the memory of the late Tom L. Johnson of Cleveland, and to Andrew P. Canning of Chicago." Alice Stone Blackwell AGAINST MUSSOLINI To the Editor of the Post: Sir - With amazement I read your recent editorial deploring Mussolini's pool health, and intimating that his death at this time would be a calamity. Every lover of liberty should rejoice - and millions would rejoice - if death claimed this despot, who overthrew Italy's lawful government by force, carried elections by the use of clubs and castor oil, then abolished elections altogether, and rules with a rod of iron, sending his political opponents to the horrible "Devil's Island" of Lipari, allowing no freedom of speech, press or assembly, keeping Europe in terror of war by has sabre-rattling speeches and proclaiming that every other country will have to adopt Fascism sooner or later. Of all the world's objectionable tyrants and dictators, this one alone has the impudence to terrorize naturalized American citizens, if they dare to criticise his regime, by persecuting their relatives in the old country. I do not know how often I have heard good Americans say, when the news of some fresh outrage came from Italy, "Well, he cannot last forever!" DON'T PICK ON WOMEN To the Editor of the Post: Sir - Let me thank you for your editorial denouncing the grafting by policemen, lawyers and others upon women in New York charged with immorality. You express the hope that New York is the only city where this peculiarly mean form of crime goes on. Again and again, like revelations have been made, sometimes in the United States, sometimes in various countries of Europe. That sort of thing is liable to arise wherever it is the custom of the authorities to punish the women and let the man go. The law ought to treat both alike. Then we should not hear of one man getting several hundred women sent to prison for misdoing in which he professed to have taken part. C.B.G. (*Boston Post, Dec. 3, 1930) (*Unity, Dec. 1, 1930)One Minute Biographies. Who: JULIANA H. EWING. Where: England. When: 1841-1885. Why famous: An English writer of children's books. The daughter of a Yorkshire clergymen, she grew up in a large family of brothers and sisters. In a biography of Juliana, written years later by one of her sisters, appears a charming picture of family life in the rural parish of Ecclesfield. Whether in the large indoor nursery or outdoors in the spacious garden, it was "Julie" invariably who led the play. As her sister has expressed it, Julie was "at once the projector and manager if all our nursery doings" - whether games or stories or theatricals in which Julie loved to act. The stories she told were, however, always matter of chief importance. Everyone stood back and allowed "Julie" to have the floor where stories were concerned. Hour after hour she held her youthful audience enthralled. Sometimes her own active imagination furnished the plot; sometimes her tales were obviously influenced by the works of her favorite authors, such as Grimm, Andersen and Bechstein. Now and then a talented brother would set some of Juliana's stories and plays to music. To some extent, Mrs. Ewing put into her stories people and incidents which were familiar to her; the family did occasionally catch fleeting glimpses of themselves, though never were actual portraits of them drawn. Almost all Mrs. Ewing's writings first appeared in a periodical, called Aunt Judy's Magazine, which Mrs. Gatty, Juliana's mother, founded in 1806. During the next year Juliana was married to a Maj. Alexander Ewing, who, though a military man, chanced also to be the author of the well-known hymn, "Jerusalem the Golden." In her new life, though its setting shifted to many unusual parts of the old world and the new, Mrs. Ewing continued to write her delightful stories for children. "Jackanapes" is of course the most liked; far and away the best of her military stories, it has become a veritable children's classic. Mrs. Ewing's writing is always simple, its substance matter wholesome and replete with a quiet humor. Children of other days have rejoiced in her stories; children of today might well do the same. SIX In Memory's Garden Pens Verses to Cousin, Who Has Summered Here Since 1866 Miss Katharine Barry Blackwell's birthday was celebrated Oct. 5 by an afternoon tea at Mrs. Elizabeth M. Rogers's cottage in Chilmark. Miss Barry Blackwell was one of Chilmark's earliest summer visitors. She spent her first summer here in 1866, when the Blackwell family rented the house now called Windygates. She was the adopted daughter of the late Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman to take a medical degree. Miss Barry Blackwell is now over 80, almost blind and very deaf, but in full possession of her mental faculties. The following verses by her cousin, Miss Alice Stone Blackwell, were read on the birthday: In Memory's Garden Madame Bodichon long since at Scalands Had a novel pleasance, formed with care; Wild flowers brought from every part of England Made a garden wonderful and rare. Kitty, when she was a guest at Scalands, Used to vanish out of sight for hours, And they always found her in that garden, Feasting on the colors of the flowers. Now she has a garden of rich memories Memories many colored, grave and gay, Scenes long past to her are bright and vivid, Clear as if they happened yesterday. Through that garden moves her Doctor's figure. Dignified, beneficent and dear, With a group of dogs that frolic round her, Happy creatures, sporting without fear. Don and Bur and Khaki, Toy and Queenie, Wag their friendly tails, their love to tell; Clyde the mighty stag-hound, tiny Chaddie, And a host of other dogs as well. Many famous folk frequent that garden; Scenes from many lands upon it smile. From it she can see the Alps, the Tyrol, And her much-loved mountains of Argyle. Many friends walk with her in that garden, Those long dead, and those who live and love her, And who say her letters bring them sunshine, When she sends her words the broad seas over. When she wanders in her memory's garden, There she meets the Blackwells, one and all: Darling grandma, uncles, aunts and cousins - Some whom no one else can now recall. She has other comrades in her garden, History and Literature and Song. All the ministrels of bonnie Scotland Come to serenade her in a throng. All the characters of Scott and Dickens In her garden bear her company. In Rock House's library, her glances Every book upon the shelves can see. When she sits in silence by the window, Tranquil, crowned with beautiful white hair, With her pretty Jock asleep beside her, She is in her garden, wandering there. Sometimes by the hand our Kitty takes us, Leads us through her garden fair to see, Shows us some of all the many treasures She has stored away in memory. Sometimes in the night we hear her singing Songs of France or Scotland, soft and low, Not to trouble Jock who sleeps beside her, While her thoughts through memory's garden go. God when she was born bestowed upon her Many birthday gifts of virtue rare - One a cheerful, buoyant disposition, One a memory beyond compare. Though her lot holds many sore afflictions, She has borne them with courageous will, And her cheerful heart remains to bless us, And she keeps her vivid memory still. Jock and I give no birthday present Till to Boston we return, in time, So we give her love and admiration, Jock a bark, and I this birthday rhyme. SOME FISH IDEAS To the Editor of The Republican :- "During my 11 years in Congress, I have never known of any corruption," said Hamilton Fish, Jr., in his recent debate with Roger Baldwin before the Foreign Policy association at Boston, on the question, "Should alien Communists be deported?" Mr. Fish also assured the Foreign Policy association that wealth could not control the government in any way whatever. These statements, while they had no direct bearing on the question under discussion, certainly throw some light on the ability of the head of the Fish commission to see things as they are. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Boston, March 19, 1931. [*March 20, 1931*] DR. MARY WOOLLEY To the Editor of the Post: Sir - Let me thank you for your well deserved tribute to Dr. Mary E. Woolley, on the completion of her 30th year as president of Mt. Holyoke College. A woman of noble character, of courage, high ideals, she has been a blessing to the thousands of college girls who have come under her influence. There are many college presidents who can raise money, and some - not so many - who can inspire and uplift their students; but it is rare, indeed, to find both gifts united in the same person. it is fine that under President Woolley the number of students has doubled, the teaching staff grown from 40 to 234, and the endowment increased some eightfold, but it is even better that so many young women should come under the influence of such a woman. AN OLD BOSTONIAN. [*May 21, 1931*]An Evening in the Longfellow House Today is the anniversary of the birth of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. To many men and women who as children went to school in the United States memory recalls this date. The poet was a beloved friend to thousands who knew him only through his writings; and teachers found eager willingness on the part of children and youth to celebrate the 27th of February each year as the day came round GREAT snowflakes were dropping on an already white world as we went up the broad walk one evening to the house on Brattle Street, Cambridge, in response to an invitation from the present owner of the Longfellow House. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Dana, grandson of the poet, met us in the spacious, friendly hallway and took us into the large room, on the left of the entrance, where Longfellow used to receive the friends - but not before we had been enthralled by the sight of the old clock on the stairs. "I am going to tell you something of the history of this house before it came into Mr. Longfellow's possession," his grandson commenced, in a voice that was rich, deep and not unlike poetry itself. "The first owner of the house was Maj. John Vassall, a wealthy young Royalist. When he became of age and inherited the great estate from his father, he built this very colonial house and brought to it his bride, Elizabeth Oliver. Within fifteen years other distinguished families followed the Vassalls until, from being the only fine house on Tory Road - as this road from Boston to Concord, via Charlestown, was then known - all the estates were occupied. During these pre-war days the dignity and comfort of living gave a mellow tone to the then new house. But in the autumn of 1774, on the eve of the American Revolution, the Vassalls, as did other Tory families, finding their house surrounded by revolutionists, fled into Boston. "The estate was confiscated and after the battles of Lexington, Concord and Bunker Hill was used as a hospital for American soldiers and as temporary headquarters for Colonel Glover and his Marblehead regiment. The following year came Gen. George Washington." When our narrator reached this point his voice showed the feeling that the name of Washington inspired. "For ten months General Washington occupied this house as headquarters. He was in command of the Continental Forces raised for the defense of American liberty. Here, during this critical period, at the beginning of the war, he consulted with his generals, Putnam, Ward, Lee and the rest. Here he received the committee from the Continental Congress, headed by Benjamin Franklin. Here he faced moments of despair. When all around him were wrapt in sleep, he was lying awake, trying to figure out ways and means: he was almost without ammunition, but he could not appeal to his generals elsewhere lest the enemy should also know. Here, later in the year, he was joined by his wife, Martha Washington, who came with her relatives, in a coach from Mount Vernon." Mr. Dana paused a moment and then leaving the more serious side of that period he told us of the great festivity, a Twelfth Night party, given by General and Mrs. Washington, on the anniversary of their wedding. It was not hard to imagine what emotions would underlie the gayety, the grace, the beauty of that night. It was war time - yet, for that one evening Martha Washington was determined that the General and his friends should be gay. So, stately steps were taken to the music of bows and strings; low were the curtseys, brave were the smiles. After the war the Government sold the house, and later it came into the possession of Dr. Craigie, who at once proceeded to enlarge it by adding the to piazzas on the sides, by lengthening one of the original square rooms into a pretentious banquet hall, and supplying a long entry and ell behind the main structure. The Craigie House was very grand, indeed. To this house, years later when Mrs. Craigie was reduced to the necessity of taking roomers in order to pay debts left by her husband, came a young man. Evidently he had the air of Harvard, because Mrs. Craigie all but closed the door in his face as she announced that she did not take students. The young man smiled - a smile that never failed to win its way - and explained that he was not a student but a professor at Harvard. This was Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, lately come to Cambridge from Bowdoin College. He was admitted to the Craigie House, and his choice of the unoccupied rooms given to him. "Two years later," Mr. Dana explained, "Mr. Longfellow married Miss Frances Appleton, of Boston, and her father purchased the entire house for them. Now perhaps you would like to see the other rooms. Shall we just cross the hall, into the study?" The house is kept as it was when occupied by Mr. Longfellow. Whether it be in the living room, the hall, the study or the library, everything bespeaks the man of letters, the cultured gentleman of leisure, the traveled friend of the great of other lands. In the study are the portraits of his intimates: Charles Sumner, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Louis Agassiz, Oliver Wendell Holmes, James Russell Lowell; on his desk is Coleridge's inkpot; there are busts of Moliere, Dante, Shakespeare, Goethe. Here, too, is the chair given to him by the school children of America. The library - a room which in spite of its size, dignity and formality, is warm and rich in color and atmosphere - is not colonial; it is unmistakably foreign. Much of the furniture, including the bookcases which line the walls, was selected by Mr. Longfellow, on his several trips to Europe, mostly from Italy and Brittany. When our host had led us to the dining room, a surprise awaited us: there presiding at the head of the table was Mrs. Thorp, daughter of the poet. Among the pictures in this hospitable room is the portrait of the three little girls, known to every lover of Longfellow as Grave Alice, and laughing Allegra, And Edith with golden hair. Our hostess was the "laughing Allegra" of the poem. February 27 was a red letter day to children in America thirty or forty years ago. But not only by those who were children then is Longfellow beloved and honored. Many English and German scholars value the nobility of the man, the purity of the artist, the lyric touch of the writer. Last year, when Gen. Jan Smuts, of South Africa, visited the United States for the first time and was asked what, particularly, he would like to see, he unhesitatingly replied, "The Longfellow House, in Cambridge." One who knows him well said that this hardy soldier not only admires Longfellow's poems, but knows them - in fact, that General Smuts can, and not infrequently does, recite "Evangeline" from beginning to end. W. H. March 4, 1931 Nation 243 The Making of a Pacifist To the Editor of The Nation: Sir: William Lloyd Garrison's far-reaching influence is illustrated by an incident of my school days. More than fifty years ago the Japanese government sent a number of boys to be educated in the United States. One of them was my classmate at the Chauncey Hall school in Boston. His name was Taykichi Tanaka, which means in Japanese, Sublime Virtue. He was a very fine young fellow. He came of an old and warlike noble family and was destined for a responsible post in Japan's war navy. He wanted to meet William Lloyd Garrison. My parents gave him a letter of introduction, and I took him to Mr. Garrison's house. Mr. Garrison talked to him against war, and let him Dymond's "Essays on Morality." I can recall the worshipful expression on his face as he stood on the doorstep taking leave, and looking up at Mr. Garrison, who stood in the doorway above him. On his return to Japan he refused the post in the war navy to which he was assigned. He was put in prison for his contumacy, but he stood firm. Finally he was released and was given some small post of a peaceful kind, with a salary that would barely keep him from starving. He died many years ago; but my early friendship with him and esteem for him gave me a respect for the Japanese that has lasted all my life. Boston, February 20 Alice Stone Blackwell TRADE WITH RUSSIA (*4-13-31) To the Editor of The Republican: - Let me thank you warmly for your editorial against the attempt to cut off trade with Russia. It is both wicked and stupid - wicket to try to deprive Russia's millions of inhabitants of things which but they need, because we dislike their form of government; and stupid to deprive our own people of trade which we need very badly. We trade with other countries that are under all sorts of despotisms and dictatorships, both in Europe and in South America. Why pick on Russia, which is one of our best customers? Above all, why do it at this time of widespread unemployment. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Boston, April 13, 1931 GANDHI'S WHEEL To the Editor of the Post: Sir - If Gandhi comes to America, he will not try to get us to adopt the spinning wheel. His emphasis upon it in India is due to the peculiar circumstances there. Most of the population are small farmers, who find it almost impossible to make a living by farming under present conditions. They desperately need some way to earn a little extra money on the side. Yarn is the only article (except food) for which there is always a ready sale in India. The demand exceeds the supply. The Indian spinning wheel is so small and so light that it is easily twirled by old people, invalids and children, as well as by able-bodied members of the household during the part of the year when the climate makes outdoor work impossible. Gandhi's emphasis upon the spinning wheel, which strikes most Westerners as an eccentricity, is really a piece of sound practical sense. It is part of his gospel of self-help for India. Hence, also, his advocacy of the wearing of home-spun cloth as a patriotic duty. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL AN OLD PLAY (*4-15-31) To the Editor of the Herold: The case of Capt. Jennie Crocker, recorded in Sunday's Herald, recalls a play called "Captain Mary Miller," written, if I remember correctly, by Mrs. Harriet H. Robinson. It was given by the woman suffragists many years ago, and went off with spirit and success. Margaret Fuller, advocating the admission of women to new occupations, had said, "Let them be sea captains, if they will" - a sentence often quoted by Lucy Stone, in the play, Mary Miller's husband, a sea captain, has been disabled and she secured a captain's license and ran the ship until he was able to take charge again. If it is not out of print, this old play might be revived against [again]for the benefit of Capt. Jennie Crocker. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Boston, April 13 HEARSAY To the Editor of The Herald: Prejudice can make people swallow the most impossible "yarns." Yes many of your readers must have been amazed by a correspondent's assertion in this morning's Herald: "Gandhi recently stated that, if India does achieve independence, it may be necessary for either the Hindus or the Moslems to exterminate the others. Truly a high ideal!. Everyone familiar with Gandhi's teachings knows that he constantly preaches non-violence, and declares that every resort to violence does harm instead of good. All kinds of illiberality are apt to be allied. The correspondent who is credulous enough to believe that story about Gandhi seems also to be tinctured with anti-Semitism, and to think that the Jews are largely responsible for the troubles in Spain. Every right-minded American ought to be glad when a corrupt and oppressive monarchy, like that in Spain, topples over and gives place to a republic, even though its fall is attended with some disorders and crimes. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Boston, May 15 (*May 18, 1931) PETS FOR PRISONERS To the Editor of The Herald: A remarkable statement was lately made in The Herald that only one in a hundred of the men who get into prison had a dog or cat as a pet in childhood. The inference drawn is that it is good for children to keep pets. The good effect is not confined to children. Many years ago the most violent and unmanageable woman in the Sherborn reformatory was made quite tractable by being put in charge of a baby calf that had to be brought up by hand. She became so fond of him that even after he grew into a big steer she would depriver herself of the sugar for her coffee to give it to him. A sweet-spirited man who served a term in prison as a political offender says that prisoners are starved for something to love, and that this is why they make such extraordinary pets, often becoming greatly attached to a mouse, or even to a spider. When he was employed in the prison infirmary he noticed on day a curious cheeping from the bed of a patient who had been long ill with tuberculosis. This man had often asked for raw eggs in the shell. It turned out that he had not eaten them, but had kept them in bed with him till they hatched, and was now petting the baby chickens. The other prisoners contrived a coop for them till they were finally discovered and removed to the prison farm. It is said that in the United States more persons come out of prison every year than are graduated from all our colleges and universities. It is a matter of importance whether they come out of prison better or worse than they went in. Might it not be possible to arrange for allowing prisoners to keep some small pets, if only as a reward for good behavior. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Chilmark, July 23 (*July 26, 1931)10 THE LITERARY DIGEST NOVEMBER 8, 1930 Unleashing 'im - Costello in the Albany "News." Vice-President Curtis wired the Philadelphia Chamber his hearty endorsement. Altho a minority stoutly maintains that the "Buy Now" campaign is useless, editors in all parts of the country are enthusiastically supporting the movement as sound and timely. "What the world needs now is a buying movement," asserts The Christian Science Monitor, and its words are echoed across the land. "The 'Buy Now' campaigns rest upon a sound business principle," in the opinion of the Chicago Daily News, which declares that "the worst of the business slump is over, and the upward trend is unmistakable." "These fall months of the year 1930 have the best buyers' market that this generation has seen, or is likely to see, in all probability," says the Los Angeles Times. BUT some editors dash cold water on the whole plan, and others doubt that it will work. Typical of this school of thought is the Hartford Courant, which, in a thoughtful analysis, bluntly asserts that "nobody has yet succeeded in lifting himself by his boot-straps." Agreeing with the "unpleasant truths" voiced by Gov. Eugene R. Black of the Atlanta Federal Reserve Board, whose views are given in detail on page 44, The Courant says: "Well intentioned as such drives are, they can do little toward hastening business recovery. "They do, of course, temporarily put more money in circulation, help merchants to clear their shelves, make the replenishment of stocks necessary, and to that extent give industry a stimulus. "But the average citizen has only so much money to spend for all purposes, and he can not spend it twice. If he goes on a spending spree, he must have a period for recuperation. It does the retailer, the wholesaler, the manufacturer little good if many lean weeks must follow a single fat week. "What is needed is sustained buying power, and that is nothing which can be artificially produced. It depends upon the opportunity to work, the saving of something out of what is earned, the building up of a reserve. Recovery from an imprudent disregard of economic laws takes time, and is not helped by crusades undertaken in violation of those laws. "Nobody has yet succeeded in lifting himself by his bootstraps. "To the extent that persons whose incomes have not been affected, and who feel a justifiable sense of security in their financial status, have refrained from buying what they need, or from gratifying their normal desires - to the extent that these persons are reacting psychologically to pessimism, it is well they should recover their own optimism and help to spread it among others. "This they can do by straining at no false economies and leading their accustomed lives, helping out the butcher, the baker, and the candle-stick maker by buying as usual, and availing themselves of the lower prices that now prevail in other lines of merchandise. Such spending is fully warranted and is bound to have a good effect." Oil Charges Called "Infamous" PRESIDENT HOOVER SMASHES HARD at the Kelley oil "scandal." "Reckless, baseless and infamous," he calls the charges made by Ralph S. Kelley, resigned chief of the field division of the General Land office at Denver. Pointing out that the Kelley "fabrications" were published in the midst of the campaign, the President declares that the "merest inquiry" would "have determined the falsity of his statements." "As a piece of journalism," Mr. Hoover adds, "it may well be that the newspaper involved was misled. It certainly does not represent the practise of better American journalism." Mr. Hoover, it appears, accepts the report of the Department of Justice in which Attorney-General Mitchell finds "no merit or substance in the Kelley charges made against the Department of the Interior." But, in the face of that report, Mr. Kelley sticks to his guns and repeats his charges that oil-shale lands in Colorado potentially worth $40,000,000,000 are being turned over to organized oil interests. The Department of Justice report he calls "a ridiculous whitewash," which "reeks with misstatements and misrepresentations." Altho refusing to take issue with the President, Mr. Kelley, we also learn from the Washington dispatches, said that "in view of the President's statement, a thorough investigation by the Senate Public Lands Committee is, in my opinion, imperatively necessary." Political observers seemed to agree that such an inquiry is now inevitable. This is what the Department of Justice report, prepared by Assistant Attorney-General Richardson and concurred in by Mr. Mitchell, has to say of the Kelley charges: "The Department has been unable to find any evidence of corruptness, irregularity or wrongdoing in connection with the administration of the Interior Department of oil-shale lands in the past, and that there is every evidence, under the present administration of Secretary Wilbur, the oil-shale lands of the United States have been fully, fairly adequately, and lawfully protected, conserved, and administered." THE New York World, which published Mr. Kelley's charges, points out that "the articles were prepared by a government servant who has an honorable record of more than a quarter of a century behind him in the Department of the Interior." Then: "It seems to us that these charges call for a more thorough investigation than they have yet received, by an agency whose motives are perhaps less partizan. Such an agency is the Public Lands Committee of the Senate. It is quite apparent that the Public Lands Committee will initiate an investigation as soon as Congress meets. It will be time then, we suggest to Mr. Hoover, to determine precisely how 'reckless, baseless, and infamous, Mr. Kelley's charges are." a church or synagogue loses. Its worshippers in such large numbers as to make its upkeep uncertain, that the government gives the necessary permission to transfer the building for other than religious uses. The Jewish places of worship that closed during the year closed because of the lack of interest in these synagogues on the part of the young generation of Jews. Jews Intermarrying "I am not one of those who despairs of the future of the Jewish religion in Russia," a veteran Jewish leader in Moscow told this writer. "Jews are intermarrying in large numbers, it is true, but their children are most often Jewish. In all the intermarriages between Jew and Russian that I have observed thus far it is the Jewish partner to the marriage who is the most vivid, the most colorful. The consequence is that the child most often takes after its Jewish parent. Moreover there are no special reasons why the offspring of inter-marriage should prefer to belong to the Russian rather than the Jewish nationality. There is no discrimination against nationalities in the Soviet Union. The Jew has the same rights as all others. There is therefore no special advantage in denying one's Jewish ancestry." "As far as religion is concerned," the Jewish spokesman continued, "I foresee changes coming from Jewish as well as for the Christian religion. It is silly to say that Russia will kill religion. Russia is today a most religious country. Communism is spreading a new gospel of ethics and justice between man and man. For the moment the preachings of communism are obscuring other religious doctrines, but in time this will adjust itself. The Jewish ethics have survived all sorts of crisis and they will survive this one. Jewish religion will live, but the synagogue may die. Moreover the teaching of religion to young will have to take new forms. The home will become the great propagator of religion. There are already thousands of homes in the Soviet Union where religious services are held regularly and unostentatiously. The Jewish religion is bound to change its form, but its contents will remain largely what it was." That the Jewish religion is not dying and that Jews in Russia are apparently determined to remain Jews was strikingly shown in Moscow in recent months when the Jewish community of that city asked and obtained from the Soviet government a twenty-acre piece of ground which it added to its cemetery. In order to die as Jews, as another Jwwish leader in Moscow expressed it, people will also have to live as Jews. The past year has changed radically the position of the Jews in Soviet Russia with regard to colonization. There is no doubt any more that as the result of the forward-to-the-land movement in Russia is already entering a twilight stage. It is being obscured by the rapid industrial development of the country. Industry is clamoring for both hands and brains. The Jews are an urban people and they fit into industry much more rapidly and aptly than they fit into agriculture. Enterprising Spirit Travelling through Russia, observing Soviet cities and industries, two things record themselves beyond forgetfulness: Jews are to be found everywhere in the Soviet Union today - North, South, West and East. They exhibit the same enterprising spirit that the Jewish immigrants of fifty and sixty years ago exhibited in America. They are to be found in every variety of employment - in the Urals and on the Dneper, in Baker and in the region of the Amur. They are pioneering restlessly, adapting themselves to new conditions, changing habits and appearance in accord with new situations. Finally they are falling in with the socialist order of things even more quickly than some of their neighbors. The freedom from pogroms, from persecutions, which the Jews have gained under the Soviet regime make them tolerant toward the economic policies of Kremlin, though basically the Jew was and remains an individualist. Even in the socialist structure of the Soviet state, he seeks to preserve his individuality. He refuses to be submerged either as a person or a worker. The year which closed has also been a sort of twilight year for the official Jewish leadership in the Soviet Union. About two years ago the "Yevsektsia," the Jewish section of the Communist party, which took upon itself to direct the destinies of the Jewish masses economically, politically and morally was abolished. Today the Comzet, the government body directing Jewish colonization in particular, and Jewish affairs in general, is going the way the "Yevsektsia" went. In other words its services, or disservices to the Jewish people, as the view may be, are becoming no longer necessary or desirable and the organization is losing its foothold among the Jewish masses. It will soon become wholly superfluous. Each individual Jew in the Soviet Union is by this time fully in touch with Soviet life. He is aware that the country is vast, that industry makes no discrimination. If a job is to be had, it will be given to any applicant without regard to nationality. The Jew is free to go wherever he pleases. And he goes. He has taken the solution of his problems into his own hands. (Copyright, 1932, J. T. A., Inc.) Tuesday, March 15, 1932 RELIGION IN RUSSIA Churches Preserved When Congregations want Them To the Editor of The Republican : - We should take with many grains of salt the lurid stories of atrocities in Russia with which the American press is now being flooded. Some of them bear all the earmarks of invention; for instance, the yarn about the troops firing upon a crowd of 300 peasant women who were resisting the destruction of a church. That is not the Soviet policy. Several years ago, a number of hot-headed young Communists in Russia started a drive to close as many churches as possible. They were called down from headquarters, and told, in substance, that churches were not to be closed so long as the congregations wanted to keep them open. The policy is the same in regard to synagogs. The Jewish Advocate of Lynn, is not a "red" publication. Its issue of March 15 contains a remarkable article on the present condition of the Jews in Russia, by Elias Tobenkin, who has lately traveled all through that country. He says :- "Repeatedly during the year synagogs were closed. But it was not the government that was closing them. The government permits every church or synagog for whose function there is genuine need to exit. It is only when a church or synagog loses its worshipers in such large numbers as to make its upkeep uncertain that the government gives the necessary permission to transfer the building for other than religious uses. The Jewish places of worship that closed during the year closed because of the lack of interest in these synagogs on the part of the young generation of Jews." He quotes a "veteran Jewish leader in Moscow" as saying to him :- "I foresee changes coming for the Jewish as well as for the Christian religion. It is silly to say that Russia will kill religion. Russia is today a most religious country. Communism is spreading a new gospel of ethics and justice between man and man. For the moment the preachings of Communism are obscuring other religious doctrines, but in time this will adjust itself. "The Jewish ethics have survived all sorts of crises, and they will survive this one. Jewish religion will live, but the synagog may die. Moreover, the teaching of religion to the young will have to take new forms. The home will become the great propagator of religion. There are already thousands of homes in the Soviet Union where religious services are held regularly and unostentatiously. The Jewish religion is bound to change its form, but its content will remain largely what it was." The same article throws much light upon the question of alleged forced labor. Whatever may be our opinion about this, let us remember the long list of falsehoods that have already been circulated about Russia, from "nationalization of women" down, and look upon these new stories of atrocities with some skepticism. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Boston, March 30, 1932. [*Springfield Republican, April 2, 1932*] HUNGER AND COMMUNISM To the Editor of the Post: Sir-A Russian monarchist murders the President of France because France has not gone to war with Russia, and a group of young Japanese military men, eager for war with Russia, murder the prime minister of Japan; and your correspondent, "Excalibur," describes both these crimes as committed by Bolshevists, and calls for severe measures against hunger marchers! Hunger and misery breed Communism. The way to fight it is to speed up relief measures for the president, and to use our best brains to find ways to prevent the coming of more of such emergencies in the future. AN OLD BOSTONIAN. _______________________ ANOTHER MINIATURE To the Editor of the Post: Sir-In the Post of May 20 I read article relative to miniature Bible, owned by a Mrs. J. E. Sterling of Colorado Springs, Colo. I, too, have a copy of earlier date, with 192 pages, with inscriptions, "The Bible in Miniature for Children, with 25 engravings," "Entered according to act of Congress in year 1835 by S. A. Howland. Stereotyped by Shepard, Oliver & Co." MRS. ESTHER E. ELLIS. Ashland, N. H. May 26 1932 Testimony as to the Struggle in India. [*World ?????*] By Alice Stone Blackwell. Americans interested in India are chafing under the close British censorship maintained on news from that country. The rulers of India, like the rulers of the Kentucky coal fields, do not want the world to know what is going on there. Yet occasionally some news gets through. A young English missionary named Reynolds lately made his way from the Northwest Province to protest to the Viceroy against the barbarities commited there by the troops--such, he said, as almost made one ashamed of being an Englishman. According to him, their method is to raid the villages in the dead of night, beat up all the villagers, strip them of their clothing and burn it, and burn down the Nationalist headquarters. Peter Freeman, ex-member of Parliament, has also sent in a protest. After describing the brutal beating up of a group of unarmed and peaceful Indians by the police in Madras, of which he was an eye witness, he says:-"Such sights are, unfortunately, of almost daily occurrence in every large town throughout India. No fair reports of such cases are permitted in any newspaper." A remarkable statement has lately been published by a man who was formerly in Ireland, Brigadier General F. P. Crozier, C. B., C. M. G., D. S. O. He says:- "Had I known what I was in for in 1920 when I consented to go to Ireland to take part in suppressing the Sinn Fein revolution, I should never have touched it. . . . There has been much burning and arson in India of late. The burning of Cork in 1920, by British troops, affords an excellent example of what should be avoided in India." And he adds these remarkable words:- "Having seen a great deal of force in use, having applied that force for over thirty years, having experienced the utter failure of force, I must needs look for other weapons with which to achieve the object--the welfare of mankind." Boston, Mass. April 27 1932 Boston Transcript 324 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. (Entered at the Post Office, Boston, Mass., as Second Class Mail Matter) MONDAY, MAY 11, 1931 WOMEN DOCTORS To The Editor of the Transcript: As suggested in your editorial of Thursday, prejudice against women in medicine is still very strong. The woman physician has to contend against it all along the line. Yet women prove their capacity in spite of it. The late Dr. Mary A. Smith, for many years head surgeon at the New England Hospital for Women and Children, had extraordinary skill in surgery. Dr. Martha G. Ripley, until her death, had the largest practice of any physician Minneapolis. Her success was the more remarkable because she did not take up the study of medicine till after she was married and had several children. She was a woman of unusual energy, capability and kindness, and was often sent for by her neighbors to help them when ill. Coming back from one perplexing case, she said, "I must either refuse to visit the sick any more, or I must know what to do." She entered the Boston University Medical School, and distinguished herself so much that the faculty proposed to give her some special opportunity that they thought she had fairly earned - I believe in connection with a hospital. Every male medical student in her class except one, a young Mr. Lord, signed a protest against the appointment being given to a woman. The faculty wavered, but finally did the right thing. The poet Whittier heard of the incident, and at a Boston University reception expressed a special wish to meet Mr. Lord, who was brought up and introduced to him. Dr. Ripley for many years was a power for good in Minneapolis. She founded the maternity home and hospital there which is still doing good work. Showing me over it once,, she pointed out a little white room and said, "I have had seven grandchildren born in that room." It has been, and is, particularly hard for women to get the hospital experience that every doctor needs. he New York Infirmary for Women and Children, founded by Doctors Elizabeth and Emily Blackwell and Dr. Marie R. Zakrzewska in 1857, was for more than half a century the only place in New York city, except one small homeopathic hospital, where poor women could be treated by physicians of their own sex. Miss Mary Garrett bought the admission of women to Johns Hopkins with a large gift of money. During the World War the women doctors came into their own; and their extraordinary achievements in the hospitals silenced for a time all talk against their capacity. But we are now going through the period of decadence that follows every great war. There have been ugly stories - about a young woman student being kicked down the steps of a medical school in Europe by the male students, and other things that recall the trials of the early women doctors described by Charles Reade in his novel, "A Woman Hater." Several hospitals in England that used to admit women students have lately barred them out. One of the most highly respected women physicians in our vicinity was lately reported as saying that she would advise any young woman studying medicine to go into social work, because the opposition of most of the male physicians would make it so hard for her to succeed in private practice. While all professions are now open to women in theory, women are still far from having a man's chance in any of them. But all these prejudices will wear away in the course of time. Meanwhile, friends of fair play should cast all their influence against them. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Boston, May 9. May 8 1931 SPRINGFIELD, MASS.: FL[?] VISITOR FROM CHILE Gabriela Mistral, Famous Latin-American Poet To the Editor of The Republican: - One of the most interesting women of South America is now visiting the United States, the Chilean poet, Gabriela Mistral. This is the pen name of Senorita Lucilla Godoy Alcayaza. Beginning life as an obscure country school teacher, she is now famous in every Spanish-speaking country. In her girlhood she had an unhappy love affair. The young man whom she was to have married proved unworthy. He died soon after, and her heart was broken. She breathed out her sorrow in verse; but, modest and shy, she never published any of her poems. Without her knowledge, a friend sent a group of her sonnets to the "floral games," a sort of poetical tournament which has come down in the Spanish-speaking countries from the Middle Ages. They were received with the greatest enthusiasm and she found herself become famous over night. She was promoted from her country school to one in Santiago and was importuned for more poems, but she continued to write very sparingly and for years refused to let her poems be collected in a volume. Eight or nine years ago she at last gave permission to the American Association of Spanish Teachers to publish them, and the book appeared under the title, "Desolacion." Since then her fame has steadily grown. An amusing story about her was told me by her friend, Miss Helen G. Murray, one of the secretaries of Dr. Hubert C. Herring, head of the Committee on Cultural Relations with Latin America. She and Miss Murray were fellow-passengers several years ago on a steamer going along the South American coast. Most of the first cabin passengers were English-speaking folks who considered themselves aristocrats, and were inclined to look down upon everything South American. They were wholly ignorant of Latin-American literature, and had no idea that they had a celebrity on board. At every port where the steamer touched, a deputation came on board to greet Gabriela. At one place quite a fleet of prettily decorated little boats, full of boys and girls, came out to meet them and fairly buried the ship in flowers in her honor. At Valparaiso almost the whole city turned out to greet her. The first cabin passengers had grown more and more amazed. Finally they formed a ring and stared so that Gabriela whispered to Miss Murray: "These people look at me as if I were the elephant in the circus!" She lately gave a course of lectures at Barnard college, and has been giving another at Vassar, besides speaking at Wellesley, Smith and elsewhere. On May 21 she is to sail for a month's visit to Porto Rico, and will then return to teach during the summer in the Spanish school connected with Middlebury college Vermont. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Boston, May 5, 1931 PET SKUNKS To the Editor of the Post: Sir - I knew of a woman who had a pet skunk; but he was a denatured skunk. He had been caught when young in a trap at the foot of an apple tree on her ground. The little sack which secretes the offensive fluid was cut out. Afterwards he was domesticated, and became an amiable pet. He loved to take naps in her lap, with his head under her work-bag to shelter his eyes from the light; for the skunk is a nocturnal animal. T.M.J. (*May 22, 1931) OLD AGE PENSIONS To the Editor of the Post: Sir - The press reports that Mr. Dorbrance, manufacturer of a popular brand of soups, has died, leavIng a fortune of $150,000,000, not one cent of which was bequeathed to charity; and that the State of New Jersey is claiming $20,000,000 as inheritance tax. It might well have claimed more. There is plenty of wealth in Massachusetts. The best way to finance the old age pensions would be by increased income and inheritance taxes upon the very big incomes and the very big estates. This would inflict no hardship on anybody. Legislators may not favor the idea, for fear that if they support it their parties will lose some big campaign contributions. But if a referendum could be taken on the subject the proposal would sweep the State. T.B.M. Poison Ivy Control Practically all owners of country property (and not a few in the cities as well) have a perennial problem in the control of poison ivy. That pernicious plant is an annual cause of distress to countless thousands of unwary picnickers and in some cases its effects are so severe as to produce prostration or even death. Cutting the weed only seems to make it thrive the more, besides which the process is dangerous toll who handle the cuttings and are exposed to contact with the juices of the plant. The Connecticut agricultural experiment station at New Haven has been investigating the problem of poison ivy control and has hit upon an effective procedure. That is to spray the plants with a mixture consisting of one-half pound of calcium chlorate to a gallon of water. The spray is applied directly to the leaves and will kill all green vegetation with which it comes in contact. However, it does not seem to injure large trees or shrubs if sprayed on the ground near the roots and after a few rains the ground that has been sprayed may be seeded down to grass or most any other crop one might wish to grow. A spray of this sort is easier to use than oil, and pleasanter to apply. The fact that it does not injure the soil is a great advantage. This hint from our admirable state experiment station is passed along for the benefit of all to whom rhus radicans is a source of annoyance and discomfort. - Bridgeport Telegram.UNIVERSITY NEWS Boston, Mass., Tuesday, March 17, 1931 Price Ten Cents Thousands Take Part in First Observance of Founders' Day Students and Faculty Pay Tribute to Warren History was written when thousands of students and faculty members gathered to pay tribute to the founders of the University and its first president, William Fairfield Warren, at the celebration of the Founders' Day exercises at Tremont Temple, Friday, March 13. The program included an address by President Daniel L. Marsh, and the introduction of a University song, "Hail, Boston University," which was sung by Prof. James R. Houghton, accompanied by Mrs. Moses Gulesian, who composed the music for it. Mrs. Gulesian is also the composer of the Boston Tercentenary Hymn. The words of the song were written by President Marsh. After the entrance of the faculty, Howard Coonley, vice-chairman of the board of trustees, opened the convocation, following which the entire body, including the trustees and guests on the platform, the faculty, and the student body, joined in singing "Clarissima." Dean Albert C. Knudson, of the School of Theology, delivered an invocation, and the men's glee club sang two semi-sacred selections. Comparison and Contrast The entire convocation joined in singing "Cheer for Alma Mater", and then Mr. Coonley introduced President Marsh, who spoke for over an hour on the subject. "Charles W. Eliot and William Fairfield Warren: Comparison and Contrast" "The best thing that ever happened to Harvard was the founding of Boston University and the work President Warren did in it," said President Marsh, in opening his address. "There are two reasons for this conviction," said Dr. Marsh. "First, when Isaac Rich gave his fortune to the founding of Boston University, it was the largest single gift that had ever been made up to that time by an American citizen to higher education. The fact that his gift was at once seconded by the gifts to Boston University by Lee Chaflin and Jacob Sleeper meant that Boston University was started with almost as much money as the total endowment that Harvard had accumulated after 233 years of existence. Such attention focusing generosity naturally put Harvard men on their toes, and challenged them to pour out their money upon Harvard, if Harvard was to maintain the leadership which the unearned increment of age had given it. This, I say, was a perfectly natural and very fine by-product of the founding of Boston University First Real University "The second way in which the founding of Boston University was a good thing for Harvard was the fact that William Fairfield Warren, who had been trained in the best institutions of both America and Europe, and who had taught in European institutions of higher learning, was challenged to establish in Boston a university de novo. He could make of it what he chose, and he actually did make it the first real university in America. "Any well-informed person will admit the unsatisfactory condition of higher education in America in 1869, the year in which Eliot became President of Harvard, and in which Boston University was chartered. There were at that time only two institutions with the four faculties of arts, medicine, law, and theology. These two, of course, were Harvard and Yale. But in neither one of them was there a full professor of French or German. The offerings in history, philosophy, and the natural sciences were meager and of an elementary character. The law course generally consisted of from twenty to thirty weeks, with a faculty composed not of professors but of law practitioners who taught for the profit there was in it. There were no entrance requirements, and no examinations for graduation and degree. Medicine and Theology Weak "The medical schools were loosely hung upon the periphery of the university whose name they carried. They were only professional societies in which medical practitioners taught for personal profit. Anybody who paid the fee was admitted. "The schools of theology were but little better. In the birth year of Boston University, there were 25 students enrolled in the Yale Divinity School and 19 in Harvard; but not one in four of those 19 students had any collegiate training. There were no graduate schools of arts and sciences in America worthy of the name. Women were uniformly denied entrance to university education. Then came William Fairfield Warren as President of the then newly founded Boston University, which almost instantly achieved eight notable features. Best Elements of Both "1. President Warren combined in Boston University the German and English types of university organization, with the purpose of creating one superior to either type. and at the same time well protected against the evils from which American universities were suffering. Although the Harvard Graduate School as such was not organized until 1890, yet the Boston University School of all Sciences was organized and going by 1874. Thus, with a College of Liberal Arts, with professional schools of Theology, Law, Medicine and Oratory, and with a graduate faculty, Boston University was the first honest-to-goodness university in America. First Exchange Professorship "2. Boston University at once entered into an agreement with the National University of Athens and the Royal University at Rome for co-operation in graduate study, thus making Boston University the first institution in history to perfect arrangements for inter-continental systems of study. When Professor Alexander Graham Bell of Boston University gave a course of lectures at Oxford, it was the first instance of an exchange professorship between Oxford and American universities. "3. Boston University was the first in the world to admit women to all its departments on an equality with men. President Warren declared that "the doctrine that a university should exist for the benefit of a single class or sex will soon belong to the realm of pedagogical palaeontology." He said that disjointed education disqualified its subjects for normal home life, and that the arguments advanced for the separation of the sexes in education was "a rarely felicitous instance of the compound fallacy of a half-truth laboriously misapplied." Boston University was the first in America to confer upon a woman the degree of Doctor of Philosophy - upon Helen McGill, who later became wife of President White of Cornell University, one-time Ambassador to Germany. Graduate Reforms "4. Boston University was the first in America to require the three-year graduate course in medicine and to require that it be taken in residence. Later the course was raised to four years. "5. Boston University was the first in America to present and require the mastery of a graduate course in law with suitable entrance requirements, and for some years it was the only one maintaining the three-year course. "6. Boston University's academic faculty was the first in America to be composed exclusively of professors who had pursued post-graduate studies in Europe. This is not so significant to-day as it was sixty years ago, for to-day our American universities are the superior of the European. It was not so fifty or sixty years ago. "7. Boston University school of Theology was the first in America to present regular courses by scholars representing different denominations. "8. In five years after receiving its charter, Boston University led Harvard and Yale in the number and the scholastic standing of its students in the professional departments. Unadorned Facts "In the light of the foregoing historical facts - facts that are not meant either to boost Boston University or to belittle any other institutions, but merely to picture conditions as they were when Boston University was started - is it not fair to say that the work which William Fairfield Warren did in Boston University could not help being of distinct value to the new president of Harvard when he entered upon his great task of remaking the famous old institution? But it is a fact that most of the world to-day regards President Eliot as having been the pioneer. When they think of Warren at all, they think of him as having followed in the wake of his famous contemporary. Since the unadorned facts show that Warren was the one who blazed the trail. how are we to account for the popular misunderstanding? Let me, in answer to that question. compare and contrast the two men, and see if we find our answer to their personalities. Their Education "There are striking incidental and chronological parallels. Both men were born in New England, of old New England stock. Warren was born in March 1833; Eliot in March 1834. They were in preparatory school at the same time. They graduated from their respective colleges the same year. They both taught school subsequent to graduation from college. They were married within three years of each other. Of each one's marriage four children were born. They both went through the Civil War period as young men, but neither one of them got into the War; both being kept out by physical infirmities - Warren was lame in his foot, and Eliot was so nearsighted that he could not recognize a friend fifteen feet away. They both studied in Europe, being there at the same time. Eliot was elected President of Harvard in 1869; Boston University was chartered in 1869, and Warren became its first President. They both had long terms of office, Warren serving until 1903 and Eliot until 1909. They both lived to be old men. Eliot dying in his ninety-third year and Warren in his ninety-seventh. Physical Make Up "There were physical similarities and dissimilarities, Eliot was tall, straight, stately in demeanor, with a deep, rich voice. Warren was of medium height and quit dignified in bearing. Eliot was smooth shaven, save for side whiskers. Warren wore during all his mature life a full beard. Both men suffered physical imperfections that doubtless at times were embarrassing. Warren was born with a club foot. Eliot was born with a disfiguring birth-mark on one side of his face. "In their physical recreations the two men had similar tastes. Neither one was much interested in football or baseball, but both enjoyed horseback riding and bicycling. Science Versus Poetry "In their intellectual tastes they differed widely. Eliot was interested chiefly in the sciences. Warren was profoundly interested in the classics, reading Latin and Greek for the sheer pleasure of it. "Eliot used a book as a tool. Warren loved a book for itself. There was no poetry in Eliot's make-up. Warren knew the great poetry of the world, and himself wrote poetry. "In their literary style they also differed widely. The unit of Elliot's style was the word - always a weighty word, well chosen. Warren had a chaste and refined literary style, ornate and penetrating, eloquently rounded periods, adorned with references and allusions to the great literature of the world. "All other things being equal, Warren's previous training was superior to that of Eliot, for Eliot, after graduation for college had taught school and had travelled and studied abroad. Warren had taught school and had traveled and studied abroad, but in addidtion he had had four or five years of experience as a pastor. Except for service in the presidency itself, there is nothing that so well prepares a man for a university presidency as experience in the ministry of a progressive church Keener Sense of Humor "In their character traits, there were both likenesses and unlikenesses. Both were patient, but Eliot loved combat, while Warren regarded a fight as a waste of energy. Warren was more tactful than Eliot, and had a keener sense of humor. "In their fundamental educational theories the two men differed widely. Eliot was emphatically a utilitarian, His big word was Freedom. He felt that the only justification for any kind of discipline or training was the attainment of the appropriate end of the discipline. He argued that the study of the classic was not necessary to make a gentleman. Warren, on the other hand, was a culturist, pleading for the profounder philosophical studies and the cause of broad and solid education; resolutely maintaining classical and philosophical studies in full honor. Three Points of Superiority "My study of these two men leads me to the conviction that there were three points in which Eliot was superior to Warren as a university president, and three points in which Warren was superior to Eliot as a university president. Eliot was superior to Warren (1) in his ability to make his presence felt; (2) in the driving power with which he put his ideas and plans across; and (3) in his centralizing and organizational powers. Warren was superior to Eliot (1) in his scholarship; (2) in his breadth of view; and (3) in his pioneering instincts." President Marsh concluded this comparison of the two great educators by a summing up of their religious beliefs, family life and their reactions to their great sorrows. He mentioned Eliot's holding of a child in his arms at the time of his wife's death, and Warren's choosing part of the communion service as a prayer at chapel service following his own bereavement. With visible signs of emotion President Marsh told of a visit he paid to former President Warren shortly after he assumed the leadership of the University. As he was about to leave the aged educator's home, Dr. Warren asked him to kneel in prayer with him. The two men knelt, and the University's first president prayed for the success of the fourth. "This meeting has been a constant inspiration to me," said President Marsh. MISS MONROE MAKES GIFT. 5-19-31 University of Chicago Gets Her Modern Poetry Collection Special to The New York Times. CHICAGO, May 16. - The University of Chicago has received a gift of the "Harriet Monroe Collection of Modern Poetry" from Miss Monroe, the editor of Poetry, and a friend of the university whose name was withheld has provided a sum of money, the income from which is to be used toward the support of the publication as long as Miss Monroe continues as its editor. Thereafter the income from the fund is to be applied toward maintaining the collection, which is to contain the most distinguished and valuable material on contemporary American poetry in the country. The magazine, which Miss Monroe founded and has edited since 1912, was the first vehicle for many well known contemporary poets, and the collection which she has given to the university includes the manuscripts of the poems published in Poetry. Some 1,500 volumes or more of recent poetry, practically all first editions and many of which are inscribed by the authors are an important part of the valuation collection. The only similar collection of equal rank, the university's announcement said, is the Harris collection at Brown University. Dr. MARY WOOLEY Thirty years ago, on May 15, 1901, Dr. Mary E. Wooley was inaugurated as president of Mount Holyoke College. She preferred to have her anniversary pass unmarked by any public recognition, but we may well pay tribute to one of the leading educators of our times. Quietly and always ably, Dr Woolley has done much to infuse Mount Holyoke with her own brilliant personality. She has seen it double in the number of students, while the faculty and staff have grown from 40 to 234. The money value of equipment and endowment has leaped from about $1,000,000 to more than $8,000,000 in these 30 years. But numbers and dollars are less important than the spirit and the ability so constantly evidenced by one of the outstanding women of the country. (*Boston Post May, 1931) IN "The Road to the Grey Pamir" Anna Louise Strong has given us the amazing story of her journey across "The Roof of the World," into the wild heart of Soviet Asia, where no American woman ever ventured before. he Pamirs are "that high mid-Asian plateau when start the three great mountain barriers of the world - the Himalayas into Tibet, the Hindi Kush into Afghanistan, and the Tien Shan, dividing Russia and China." Ever since Marco Polo's time, this has been "the mystery land of the explorer." The reader is impressed hardly more by the many remarkable things she saw there than by the daring and perseverance of the traveler. She fell in with a number of scientific expeditions, one of them botanical, headed by a professor who had visited many countries, collecting plants for various uses in Russia. His organization had brought back from North, South and Central America the cottons that are not transforming, the cotton growing of Turkestan. The women of the nomad Kirghiz were astounded to learn that Miss Strong was unmarried: "Was it possible for a woman to live without a master?" And to travel where she chose? They chattered excitedly, struggling with this new idea. Then a look of comprehension came gradually into their faces. "Good, very good," said an older woman, with emphasis. The book is a wonderful and inspiring story. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL One Motive Hides Behind Another To The Editor of Zion's Herald: THERE are some curious features about the campaign to shut Soviet goods out of the United States. Before imprisonment for debt was abolished in England, a rumor of a French invasion once threw the whole country into excitement. An imprisoned debtor was talking through the bars of his window with a street beggar and a soldier who was considerably more than "half seas over." "If the French effect a landing on British soil, what will become of our liberties?" cried the imprisoned debtor. "Yes, and of our property?" echoed the tattered beggar. "Oh, d---n our liberty and our property!" vociferated the drunken soldier; "what will become of our religion?" We used to tell this story when the liquor interests opposed woman suffrage on the plea that it would destroy "the happiness of the home." It is recalled again irresistibly now. Deep concern for the freedom and welfare of the men who cut timber - in Russia - is expressed by our lumber barons, with their long record of oppression of our own lumber-jacks, and with the Centralia victims still in prison in the state of Washington. The alleged coercion of labor in Russia is denounced by other groups of men who are always ready to resort to labor injunctions, and to call in government coercion to help them break strikes. And the Pope deplores the lack of religious freedom in Russia, while he rebukes Mussolini for letting Protestants make proselytes in Rome. There are features of the Soviet policy which deserve strong condemnation, and some of the indignation expressed is genuine; but much of it is as barefaced humbug as the solicitude of the liquor interests for the happiness of the home. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Boston.THE LITTLE DIGEST NOVEMBER 8, 1930 Dear Florence: You asked whether Kitty ever went to school, and, if so, where. I have got y the information from Kitty, and I am typewriting it, because I want one copy for you, one for Agnes, and one for my scrap-book. She first attended primary department of the Twelfth St. Public School in New York. Then she went to a private school somewhere on Second Avenue. Then during the Civil War she had as governess Miss Dora Howells, a cousin of William D. Howells. Then she went to the school kept by Miss Haines, on Twentieth St., just beyond Dr. Bellows's church. Kitty went as a day pupil. Miss Hain had largely Southern girls as boarders, and she often failed to get to the money for them during the Civil War, but she never turned them a adrift. She was a capital teacher of history; and her French teacher w was from Paris, so Kitty says it is no wonder that she herself is fastidious about her French pronunciation. Then she went to a boarding school, coeducational, at Ocham, Surrey England. She was not happy there. Next she attended, in Paris, a class of American children taught by Charles A. Dana's sister in law, Fannie McDaniel. This was while Aunt Elizabeth was in Italy, visiting Madame de Noailles. Next, and last, she attended a school in London kept by a Miss B Bridges in Charles St., Fitzroy Square. She says that at Okeham they used to be given treacle pudding, a deep bowl ined with pie crust and filled with treacle, with a crust over the top. She hated it, and uded to give hers away. I am not sure now this place ought to be spelled. Kitty said oc Ocham, but I have r read of an Okeham in England. POEMS FOR YOUR SCRAPBOOK What They Dreamed and Said From and Old Scrap Book. Author's Name Not Known. Rose dreamed she was a lilly, Lilly dreamed she was a rose; Robin dreamed he was a sparrow, What the owl dreamed no one knows. But they all woke up together As happy as could be. Said each one: "You're lovely, neighbor, But Im very glad I'm me." RUSSIA'S RED ARMY To the Editor of The Republica: - Walter Duranty, the able Moscow correspondent of the New York Times, is not a eulogist of the Bolsheviki, but he is emphatic in his opinion that Russia's "Red Army" is no menace to the outside world. In the ninth of a series of articles which he is writing from Paris to the Times, he says: - "As to the true purpose of the Red army and the whole gigantic scheme of military preparation, your correspondent is prepared to stake his reputation on the fact that at present it is purely defensive, and, for ll he can see now, will be so in the future. Europe's nightmares of a 'Red horde' sweeping forward to world conquest are, in this correspondent's opinion, either anti-Soviet propaganda, 'tout cort," or atavistic bogies of Attila, Tamerlane and the Turks. "Previous dispatches have shown how 'self-contained' Stalinism is, and how thoroughly it had adopted Voltaire's advice to 'cultivate your own garden.' The Soviet's garden is big enough and rich enough in all conscience to be worth cultivating, but one must never forget that the Bolsheviki themselves are still haunted by their own bogy of capitalist intervention, and, whether one hates the Bolsheviki or approves of them, or is wholly indifferent, it cannot be denied that the years of 1918 and 1920 gave them certain ground for misgivings on the subject. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Boston, June 30, 1931 End of Woman's Journal [The Springfield Republican, Springfield, Mass.] THE passing of the Woman's Journal is of special interest in Massachusetts because Lucy Stone and her husband, Henry B. Blackwell, founded it at Boston in 1870 to promote the emancipation of women and especially to broaden the suffrage. The Journal for many years was served editorially by Alice Stone Blackwell, daughter of the founders. Its publication in New York began some twelve years ago, after the nineteenth amendment had been adopted, and the last issue, containing the announcement of its suspension because of lack of capital, was published in New York. Opinion as to the present and future need of such a periodical was divided. Those who held that it was as much needed as ever and who had kept it alive as a progressive and educational influence for the advancement of women are now forced to succumb for purely financial reasons. But the Journal's past is secure. It was to the earlier feminist movement what Garrison's Liberator was to the anti-slavery movement. It was always ably edited. The finest idealism of the feminist movement since the Civil War found sincere and often eloquent expression in its columns. (*Zion's Herald June 24, 1931) SCOTTSBORO CASE To the Editor of the Post Sir - Eight colored boys, ranging from 15 to 20 years of age, will be executed in Alabama July 10, unless a stay of proceedings can be had. Theirs is an extraordinary case. At the meeting in Boston the other night where there was some disturbances by Communists, the reasons for believing the boys innocent were given by William Pickens and ex-Attorney-General Herbert Parker. A freight train of 20 or more open cars was moving slowly across northern Alabama. A number of down-and-out people, both white and colored, were stealing rides. When some colored boys got on a car where there were already some whites, the white men tried to thrown them off. There was a fight, and the whites were thrown off. A mob of 300 met the train at the station. Those who had taken part in the fight had meanwhile dropped off and run away, knowing that in the South any colored man who shows fight to a white man generally has to suffer for it. The mob searched the train and found, on different cars, nine colored boys. They also found in one car two white women in men's clothes, traveling with two white tramps. The women were bad characters. When asked if they had been attacked by the colored boys they said they had not; but later they changed their story and declared they had been criminally assaulted. A mob of 10,000 surrounded the courthouse where the trial was held; and, in an atmosphere of tense excitement, a boy of 14 was given imprisonment for life, and the eight other boys were condemned to death. This is an outline of the famous "Scottsboro case." The plea for a new trial seems to be well warranted. T.G.U. EDINBURGH CASTLE To the Editor of the Post: Sir - The picture of Edinburgh Castle recalls the graphic descriptions of it in a charming old novel. "The Last of the Mortimers," by Mrs. Oliphant. "The great Castle Rock standing high up out of the town, and whatever was ado in the skies, sunshine, or moonlight, or clouds, or a thunderstorm, always taking that for its centre, as I imagined. "We had such views from the windows. The Castle Rock, with its buildings jutting on the very edge, and ye standing so strong and firm; the harsh ridge of the crags behind, and the misty lions-head over all, gazing like a sentinel toward the sea. And it was not these only, but all the clouds about them. Such dramas every day! Now all sweet and serene like happiness; now all thundery and omnious like a great misfortune; now brightened up with streaks of home and comfort; now settled down leaden dark, and heavy like death itself, or despair. I never was poetical that I know of, but it was like reading a very great poem every day." And Again: "Before us, in the clear air, the Castle Rock looked almost near enough to have touched it, with the sun shining on its bold gray front, nd all those white puffs of clouds blowing against and around it, like heavenly children at their play." C.L.G. Wellesley Girl of the Eighties A GIRL OF THE EIGHTIES, AT COLLEGE AND AT HOME, By Martha Pike Conant and Others, Boston: Houghton Miffin Company. $3.75. A pleasant picture of college and home life fifty years ago, as shown in a series of letters from a good, intelligent girl. Charlotte Howard Conant was a student at Wellesley, in the early eighties, under Alice Freeman (Palmer). Collegiate education for girls was then still something of a novelty. Sir Richard Temple, formerly Governor of Bombay and Madras, visited Wellesley, and refused to believe that the laboratory note-books of the girls were written by themselves. In listening to the Greek class, however, he reluctantly admitted, "'Pon honor, they accent right!" A French lady, ambitious for women' higher education in France, found the college so much beyond her expectations that she sat down on the steps of Stone Hall and wept for joy. Charlotte wrote home: "I have just come from the class prayer meeting. It is surprising how much there is in the Bible about not worrying, fearing for the future. The girls do worry so much here...Miss Freeman was saying that there was enough nervous energy wasted in the college to give us all our degrees twice over." After some years of teaching, and of working in a law office and as a charity supervisor, Charlotte Conant founded, with her college room-mate, the Walnut Hill School in Natick, Mass. Here she became one of the best-known headmistresses in the country. "The strength of her personality flowed through all phases of her school life." In addition to many other rare qualities, she had an admirable gift for fun. "She could be a veritable master of the revels. There is still p reserved an old libretto of a comic opera which she composed once for the gaiety of Walnut Hill - the tale of an adventurous Gilbert, scion of the counting-house, who would dream AUGUEST 13 1931 (11) of castles in Spain - his repudiation of money-bags, his travels 'in far Turkee', his arrest as a spy for too protracted conning of Baedeker in front of public buildings, his imprisonment, his rescue by a fair Turkish damsel, his troth to her, the sundering, the sad marriage service begun in obedience to parents, the arrival of the Turkish damsel at the supreme moment, the tremendous dowry with its magical effect upon the unwilling father, the reshuffling of brides, the triple wedding, the final stampede of merriment. The whole is executed with a spirit, a free ingenuity, a buoyancy of nonsense, a gay blend of moonshine and matter-of-fact, which only a mind that had done its own adventuring could invent." Miss Conant said that Wellesley College had made her a better and happier woman. Her pupils could say the same of Walnut Hill. The book is finely gotten up, and illustrated with excellent pictures. A.S.B. FAVORS INSURRECTION Aug. 17 - 1931 To the Editor of The Republican: - No outburst of public indignation has been caused by the coast guard's capture of a boat load of "insurrectors" on their way to Cuba; but it does follow that Machado's "tyrannies leave the heart of America cold." I can answer for one American - and I believe there are many more - who logs to see a successful insurrection in Cuba; but we realize that a filibustering expedition is illegal, and that the coast guard had to seize the boat. Acquiescence is one thing, however, and "solid satisfaction" quite another. Everyone who heard Senator David I. Walsh speak after his return from Cuba, everyone who followed the exposures in the New York World and in the labor papers, everyone who has heard Cubans of education and character describe the situation in that unhappy island, knows that the Cubans have better cause for a revolution than ever the American colonists had. Machado's atrocities are not as spectacular as Gen Weyler's but they are fully as bad. If the facts were generally know, indignation would be universal throughout that part of the American public which is capable of indignation over a foreign wrong. It is already widespread among our progressive elements. If is European or Asiatic country is subjected to tyranny, we are not directly responsible .But, under the Platt amendment, the United States guaranteed to Cuba a republican form of government, and the people are not getting it. We guaranteed safety of life and property, and in Cuba neither life nor property is safe, if the owner is unfriendly, to Machado's regime. Worst of all, Machado is believed by the Cubans to have the support of the United States. You say: "The thought of another insurrection in Cuba, to be followed by our intervention, leaves the great American people too tired for words" - implying that our intervention would follow. Machado could not maintain himself in power for a week against his enraged and disgusted people but for the belief that his overthrow would bring American intervention in his behalf. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Chilmark, August 12, 1931 Menthol-Cooled SPUD cigarettes JUDGE SPUD...Not by first puff, but by first pack. Surprise soon forgotten...contineud coolness heightens enjoyment of full tobacco flavor.A Remarkable Human Document By Alice Stone Blackwell A Review of THE SUFFRAGETTE MOVEMENT: AN INTIMATE ACCOUNT OF PERSONS AND IDEALS. By E. Sylvia Pankhurst. Longmans, Green & Co., New York. $7.50. [*Equal Rights, June 27, 1931*] THIS is a wonderful and fascinating book. It covers one of the most colorful and amazing chapters in the history of womankind. It is also a remarkable human document. It takes us behind the scenes and gives us intimate pictures of a number of extraordinary women. It will have a perennial interest for the student of exceptional feminine psychology. It likewise gives us glimpses - sometimes rather surprising glimpses - of personalities still active in British politics, Ramsay MacDonald, Philip Snowden, Lloyd George, Bernard Shaw, Margaret Bondfield and others. Sylvia Speaks with high appreciation of her father. Dr. Pankhurst was a distinguished lawyer, an early champion of woman's rights. He had twenty years of public service behind him when he got engaged to the beautiful Emmeline Goulden, a girl half his age. In view of the unequal and oppressive marriage laws of the day, she proposed that they should dispense with a legal ceremony; but he would not subject her to the social penalties involved. Their home in Manchester was a centre of active work for the public good. Sylvia says: "Our father, vilified and boycotted, yet beloved by a multitude of people in many walks of life, was a standard-bearer of every forlorn hope, every unpopular yet worthy cause. Our mother, twenty years his junior, charged with the abounding ardor of impressionable youth, was the most zealous of his disciples. The children were trained in the same tradition. He often said to them, "if you do not work for other people, you will not have been worth the upbringing!" Left a widow, Mrs. Pankhurst bent herself to the support of her children, but continued her interest in public affairs. In 1903 she founded the Women's Social and Political Union, which was destined to be for ten years a power in British politics. The outlook for women suffrage was dark. A majority of the House of Commons favored it, but no bill introduced by a private member could pass without government aid, because the time allotted to a private bill was limited, and the opposition could always talk it out, unless the Speaker applied the cloture. Woman suffrage was thus talked out again and again. The women wanted the government to bring in a woman suffrage bill, as a government measure could command all the time needed. The idea of militancy came to Mrs. Pankhurst during a period of widespread unemployment. The government refused to do anything for the unemployed until they began to riot; then its attitude suddenly changed. A "crisis" was declared to have arisen. It occurred to Mrs. Pankhurst that a crisis might be produced in regard to woman suffrage. Candidates were vigorously heckled. "Votes for Women" banners appeared in the House of Commons. Women protested from the ladies' gallery, against the delay of their bill, and chained themselves to the grille to make it harder to throw them out. Mrs. Pankhurst and Sylvia had sat alone in the lobby, waiting to interview statesmen. Now larger and larger deputations of women came demanding audience. The House of Commons was guarded as if against a siege, and guarded in vain. Women slipped in by all sorts of strategems. Police beat back the crowds of women, and handled them with great brutality. Women were sent to prison, went on hunger strikes, and came out more determined than ever. A big suffrage balloon soared over Parliament. Women went out on the Thames in boats, swam ashore and invaded the House from the water demanding votes. Once Mrs. Pankhurst, filled with anguish by the long delay, caught Sylvia looking at her pitifully. She smiled, and said, "Don't look at me like that! Bless you, your old mother likes it. This is what I call life!" Sylvia says, "Adventure and excitement were the lode-star of her being." The older and more conservative Suffrage Associations were exasperated by the militant tactics of the Women's Social and Political Union and the Women's Freedom League, but were spurred by them to greater activity. The movement grew and grew. Five thousand meetings were held in one month. The monster demonstrations and processions broke all records. The government remained obdurate. A campaign was undertaken to defeat the party in power. Wherever a Cabinet Minister spoke, he was persistently heckled. Instead of having their questions answered, the women were flung out, and violently assaulted by the enraged partisans of the candidates. Sometimes every shred of clothing was torn from their bodies. Sylvia is an artist. She designed the banners and brooches, and the great symbolic statues used in the demonstrations. She is also an artist in words, and gives us, with a few brief touches, vivid sketches of many of the heroines of that thrilling (* [?] July 13, 1931) Sir Walter Scott Loved Animals The centenary of Sir Walter Scott has called out renewed interest in the famous novelist, evidencing, among other things, that one of his most lovable traits was his fondness for animals. Lockhart dwells upon this in the "Life"; it crops out in countless places in the Waverly Novels. In "Guy Mannering," for example, Harry Bertram, passing under the name of Captain Brown, has saved Dandie Dinmont, a Scotch farmer, from robbers, and hence is invited to his farm. Here he finds a host of dogs: "Auld Pepper and auld Mustard, young Pepper and young Mustard, little Pepper and little Mustard; six terriers, twa [two] couple of slow hounds, five grews, and a wheen other dogs." He is treated to various rural sports including a badger-baiting: "On this last occasion, after young Pepper had lost a fore-foot, and Mustard the second had been nearly throttled, he begged, as a particular and personal favor of Mr. Dinmont, that the poor badger, who had made so gallant a defense, should be permitted to retire to his earth without farther molestation. "The farmer, who would probably have treated this request with supreme contempt had it come from any other person, was contented, in Brown's case, to express the utter extremity of his wonder, 'Weel,' he said, 'that's queer enough: But, since ye take his part, deil a tyke shall meddle we' him mair in my day - we'll e'en mark him, and ca' him the Captain's brock - and I'm sure I'm glad I can do ony thing to oblige you - but, Lord safe us, to care about a brock!" In "The Heart of Midlothian," when Jeanie Deans comes back from London, after securing her sister's pardon from the Queen, she is delighted to see her cows again, and her "mute favorites" are equally glad to see her, "lowing, turning round their broad and decent brows, and showing sensible pleasure as she approached to caress them." Her assistant says: "The very brute beasts are glad to see ye gain; but nae wonder, Jeannie, for ye were kind to beast and body." In "Ivanhoe," when the Black Knight, after some difficulty, has gained admission to Friar Tuck's hermitage, he "brought in his horse, unsaddled him with much attention, and spread upon the steed's weary back his own mantle." This makes the hermit more friendly; and in "Anne of Geierstein," Philipson's attention to his horse has a like effect upon a surely German hostler. In "Peveril of the Peak," Julian Peveril insists upon caring himself for the nag upon which he is making a journey, though his companions tell him the brute is not worth it. He admits it is not much of a horse, but says that, nevertheless, it "will champ better on hay and corn that on an iron bit," and adjust himself to "a task which ever young man should know how to perform when need is." In "Redgauntlet," the attachment of the good Quaker, Joshua Geddes, for his horse, Solomon, is both amusing and touching. There are many descriptions of the affection between master and dog, as, for instance, that of Sir Henry Lee for Bevis in "Woodstock," of Gurth for Fants in "Ivanhoe," of Bertram for Wasp in "Guy Mannering," and of Sir Kenneth for Roswal in "The Talisman." Richard Coeur-de-Lion says to De Multon, who has declared that it would be a sin to harm so fine a creature as Roswal: "Hath he then a dog so handsome?" "A most perfect creature of heaven," said the baron, "of the noblest Northern breed - deep in the chest, strong in the stern, black color, and brindled on the breast, and legs, not spotted with white, but just shaded into gray - strength to pull down a bull - swiftness to cote an antelope." In "The Black Dwarf, after the mysterious hermit has forsaken his hut, Hobbie Elliot, whom he had befriended, takes charge of the dwarf's goat and hives of bees, with a promise that the bees shall never be smoked by him: "And the puir goat, she would be negleckit about a great toun like this; and she could feed bonnily on our lily lea by the burn side, and the hounds wad ken her in a day's time, and never fash her, and Grace wad milk her ilka morning wi' her ain hand, for Elshie's sake; for, though he was thrawn and cankered in his converse, he liket dumb creatures weel." In one of the last novels that Scott wrote, "Count Robert of Paris," we are told: "Count Robert, not withstanding his military frenzy, was, in ordinary matters, a calm-tempered and mild man, and particularly benevolent to the lower classes of creation." Having hurt a tame orang-outang belonging to the Emperor of Byzantium, and cut its paw, he binds up the wound with a lint and balsam, and the grateful animal afterward comes to his aid in a desperate encounter and saves his life. Sir Walter says of this rare and gigantic creature: "The last we have heard of was seen, we believe, in the island of Sumatra - it was of great size and strength, and upwards of seven feet high. It was defending desperately its innocent life against a p arty of Europeans, who we cannot help thinking might have better employed the superiority which their knowledge gave them over the poor native of the forest." Thus it appears that Scott had not only a great gift for story-telling, but a big and kindly heart. A.S.B. CRITICAL OF COOLIDGE To the Editor of The Republican: - It was a surprise to me that The Republican should have quoted from the Boston Post the complimentary reference to Coolidge at the beginning of his presidency, made by the editor of the New York World. If Mr. Cobb had lived to see what sort of President he made, he would have spoken quite otherwise. For Coolidge, during his two terms in office was simply a rubber stamp for the great predatory moneyed interests. All the commissions that have been set up to protect the interests of the public, he packed with reactionaries, who represented the interests of the great corporations instead. This went so far that it was seriously proposed that these commissions should be abolished. He vetoed Senator Norris's Muscle Shoals bill, and did it by a "pocket veto," not even condescending to give his reasons. Both during his presidency and since, he has been consistently praised by all that large part of the press which is controled by the great moneyed interests; but there is hardly a President in our history whom the masses of the American people have less reason to remember with gratitude.' CITIZEN WHO REMEMBERS Boston, July 30, 1931 Coolidge and Hearst (*Aug 2, 1931) (*Aug 1, 1931) A Friend of Pit Ponies TO THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR: The appeal made in the Christian Science Monitor in behalf of the pit ponies is very touching. Keir Hardie, the Scottish Labor member of Parliament, worked in a coal pit in his youth. Sylvia Pankhurst says, in "The Suffrage Movement": He had plaintive recollections of the hard lot of the pit ponies he knew in his boyhood. The dearest of them was Donald, whom he rescued from the lads who were lighting a fire of straw under him because he would not go, and who obeyed him at once, most willingly, when he laid his hand gently on his soft nose. When Keir Hardie move from that pit, poor Donald plunged into a pond and drowned himself. She tells another interesting story of Keir Hardie. He was a teetotaler, but he once remarked, in joke, that when his political principles triumphed, he would celebrate with a big glass of lager. "No, no, don't break teetotal, Hardie!" Philip Snowden pleaded earnestly , dropping into broad Yorkshire. "You don't realize what a great influence it has with men to be able to say that you are a teetotaler!" Boston, Mass. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL July 21, 1931 SHAW AND MRS BROWNING To the Editor of The Republican In reading your comment upon Bernard Shaw's speech in Russia, I was reminded of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's poem, "A Curse for a Nation," written while the United States still sanctioned Negro slavery. She said (I quote from memory): - An angel came to me last night, And he said, "Write! Write a nation's curse for me, And send it over the Western sea." I faltered, taking up the word: "Not so, my Lord; For I am bound by gratitude, By love and blood, To brothers of mine beyond the sea Who stretch out friendly hands to me." Therefore," the voice said, "shalt thou write My curse tonight From the summits of love a curse is driven As lightning is from the steeps of heaven." "Not so, " I answered him once more. "My hears is sore For my own land's sins; for little feet of children bleeding along the street. "For almsgiving through a door that is Not open enough for two friends to kiss, For parked-up honors that gainsay The right of way, "For an oligarchie Parliament, And bribes well meant. What curse to another land assign While heavy-souled for the sins of mine?" "Therefore," the voice said, "shalt thou write My curse tonight Because that thou couldst see and hate A foul thing done with thy gate." "Not so," I answered him again. "To curse, choose men; For I, a woman, have only known How the heart melts and the tears run down." "Therefore," the voice said, "shalt thou write My curse tonight. Some women weep and curse, I say, (And no one wonders), night and day. "And thou shalt take their part tonight Weep and write A curse from the depths of womanhood Is very salt, and bitter, and good." And so I wrote, and wept indeed. What all may read: And thus, as was enjoined on me, I send it over the Western sea. Bernard Shaw has shown himself well able to hate "a foul thing done within his gate,: and he has also freely blamed the bad features of the Bolshevik regime. He has therefore a good right to praise its real achievements, when he sees them. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Chilmark, July 30, 1931struggle. Mrs. Pankhurst is shown in these pages as a woman of extraordinary gifts, and some very human failings; endowed with rare energy, courage and eloquence, "a golden voice," and great personal charm; but so devoted to her favorite daughter, the brilliant Christable, that she always followed her counsels, which were not always wise, Mrs. Pankhurst stood to the public as the leader, but Christabel was the little Napoleon who really directed the militant campaign; and she had much of Napoleon's selfishness and tyranny. Everybody who differed with her policy by a hair's breadth was promptly turned out of the Women's Social and Political Union, including her sisters Adela and Sylvia. Mrs. Pankhurst made Adela promise to deliver no more speeches in England. She went to Australia and became an organizer for the Woman's Party there. Sylvia started work in the terrible East End of London, and organized very effective suffrage [*June 27, 1931*] demonstrations by the London poor. Her society was at first a branch of the Women's Social and Political Union, but later was cast out. She became so much beloved that when the police tried to secure a room near her headquarters, in order to watch and arrest her, none of the desperately poor people in that crowded street would rent them a room at any price. Again and again they failed to arrest her because of the huge crowds that rallied to her defence. In England, window-breaking had always been a favorite way of expressing political discontent. The women broke the windows of Government House. Later, by an organized raid, they broke the plate glass windows of 93 fashionable shops. Mrs. Pankhurst and Mr. and Mrs. Pethick- Lawrence were tried for conspiracy and imprisoned. The owners of all the broken windows collected damages from Mr. Lawrence, the only one of the defendants who had money, and he had to go into bankruptcy. Mrs. Pankhurst and Christabel, with the Pethick-Lawrences, had long constituted the inner council of the Women's Social and Political Union. The Lawrences had contributed generously to the cause, and Mrs. Lawrence, as a treasurer, had always been able to raise any amount of money. Now a difference of opinion on policy led to a separation. Mrs. Pankhurst announced that henceforth the suffrage movement would show itself as dangerous to property as the Chartist movement had been. The Lawrences did not approve of this, nor did Sylvia. A regular campaign of incendiarism was undertaken; three castles in Scotland were burned, and many vacant houses in England, and much other damage was done. The suffragettes were treated as outlaws. To avoid arrest, Christabel went to Paris, and directed the campaign from there. Mrs. Pankhurst was sentenced to three years penal servitude. She, Sylvia, and many other women were sent to prison over and over, went on hunger strikes and were forcibly fed. Under the "Cat and Mouse Act," a woman let out because she was at the point of starvation could be re-arrested as soon as she got better, and sent back to serve the rest of her sentence without further trial. Several women lost their lives, and many their health. England's militant movement was largely misunderstood in America. The cablegrams about it were almost always hostile in tone, and often misrepresented the facts. We were taunted for years with the story that the militants had tried to set fire to "a crowded theatre." It was a theatre from which most of the audience had gone out. But setting fires was not a right or wise way to agitate for the vote. The earlier militancy was worthy of all praise; the later militancy, which aimed at widespread destruction of property, was, in my opinion, a serious mistake, despite the heroism of the women and the excellence of their cause. When the World War broke out, Christabel dropped the demand for the vote, and threw herself with burning zeal into furthering the war. She urged universal conscription, military conscription for men and industrial conscription for women. Sylvia felt very differently. When she headed a great demonstration against conscription and in favor of universal suffrage, Mrs. Pankhurst cabled from America: "Strongly repudiate and condemn Sylvia's foolish and unpatriotic conduct. Regret I cannot prevent use of name." Sylvia comments quietly: "Families which remain on unruffled terms though their members are in opposing political parties take their politics less keenly to heart than we Pankhursts." Adela, in Australia, also opposed conscription, helped to defeat it on referendum. She, too, was repudiated by her mother. Mrs. Pankhurst devoted her "golden voice" to recruiting. From having been Lloyd George's uncompromising opponent, she became one of his chief lieutenants. Sylvia labored to soften the hardships that the war brought upon the poor, and urged equal pay for the women who had to take up men's work. After the war, woman suffrage come rather quietly. The women's manifold wartime services had paved the way. Also, the politicians knew that suffrage militancy could be renewed. The human interest of the book is almost as great as its historical interest. The story is simply and modestly told. Sylvia's character grows upon the reader throughout - brave, unselfish and tender hearted. She ends with a forward-looking word: "Great is the work which remains to be accomplished."OUR Readers Say In Praise of Mexico To the Editor of the Traveler: A fresh attempt has lately been made to discredit Mexico with the people of the United States. A recently-published book describes the Mexicans as "cruel and turbulent," given to "throat-cutting" and fighting among themselves "for the sheer love of fighting." George F. Weeks of Washington, D. C. writes: "Foreigners who, like myself, have lived in Mexico for years, have traveled and resided in remote districts as well as in the thickly-populated ones, and have associated closely with the Mexicans, are practically unanimous that no more kindly, gentle people, as a race, are to be found anywhere. Far from being by nature bloodthirsty, cruel, fighting among themselves for the sheer love of fighting, they are patient, loving, kind, long suffering under great provocation but when driven to the breaking point, they do like people of every race - wreck vengeance upon the wrongdoers. "I have resided in places of considerable size, where I was the only foreigner. I have travelled in remote regions - on the desert, in the mountains, among Indians who seldom saw a white man; I have wandered in the slums of large cities; I went through the revolutionary period with the armies (as a newspaper correspondent), yet never met with anything but kindly and courteous treatment from Mexicans." He adds: "Perhaps this was because I recognized their right to be treated as I wished to be treated myself." B. Preston Clark has borne striking testimony to the same effect. When one of the periodical attempts was made a few years ago to involve this country in war with Mexico, he said, before the Episcopal church congress in New York: "It has been my privilege to be connected with a mining company operating in Mexico (the U. S. Smelting, Refining & Mining Company). About 10 years ago we went there. We have tried to treat the Mexicans as human beings. We told them we did not believe the current legend that no Mexican was worth more than two pesos a day; that with us, if a man did the work, he would fare just the same, whether he was American or Mexican; that in all ways we should respect them and their wives and families as we would our own. The effect was prodigious. "This attitude brought out the best there was in those people and the best there was in us. For eight and a half years of revolution the roar of our mills never stopped. Today 7000 men operate them, of whom 57 only are Americans. "Mexicans hold important positions all along the line. After Vera Cruz the properties were left in absolute charge of Mexicans for eight months. They stole nothing; they allowed no one else to steal anything; they operated the plants successfully, and returned them to us in good condition. Do you wonder that I trust them?" Such testimonials might be multiplied. People who treat the Mexicans well are treated well by them. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Dorchester, Mass. THE BOSTON HERALD FRIDAY, MAY 21, 1926 A Friend of Freedom Many memories of the campaign against czarism will be recalled by Bostonians who met Nicholas Tchaikovsky in this city a quarter of a century or more ago and now read of his death in England. Like Stepniak and some other pilgrims from the "empire of peasants," this protester against autocracy came here after playing a conspicuous part in the movement to give Russia democratic institutions. In 1869, while a student of chemistry in St. Petersburg, he founded the famous "Tchaikovsky Circle," a society of students whose aims made so strong an appeal that branches were soon formed all over the country. The "Circle" was first an educational and humanitarian undertaking designed for the enlightenment of the artists and peasants, yet the treatment its members received at the hands of the government gave it a turn which the authorities regarded as "revolutionary" enough to justify them in dissolving the organization. Tchaikovsky escaped safely from Russia, but after paying a return visit to his home land in 1908 had the experience of imprisonment without trial and of a subsequent trial which resulted in his acquittal. And it was on this occasion that friends in England, where he had made his home, raised $20,000 to secure his release on bail. In London Tchaikovsky joined the Society of Friends of Russian Freedom and thus came into close association with a large body of English people who, without sanctioning revolutionary violence, were doing their utmost with the aid of speech, pen and printing ink, to turn Russia in the direction of constitutional government. The reformer spent several years in the United States, and on one of his visits to this country as a lecturer met some of the organizers of the Society of American Friends of Russian Freedom, which had arisen for work similar to that being carried on in England. He had avoided the advocacy of extreme revolutionary methods and his affiliation with the milder socialist agitation in no wise prevented him from giving his unreserved support to the program of the American organization as set forth over such names as those of James Russell Lowell, John James Whittier, Philips Brooks, Julia Ward Howe and Thomas W. Higginson. "We consider the movement for a constitutional government in Russia," they said, "perfectly legitimate, moderate and timely; and we think that Americans who were the first to proclaim and assert the supreme right of the people to self-government and independence, ought to help and encourage by all proper methods those who seek to follow their example." It was characteristic of Tchaikovsky and of his attitude that when one kind of czarism in Russia came to have another substituted for it, he vigorously opposed bolshevism and all its works. The outbreak of the world war found him ranged on the side of the allies; he served as prime minister of the government at Archangel during the British occupation of that territory; was a member of the Russian political committee in Paris during the peace conference, and on the plans for intervention in Russia was consulted by Lloyd George, President Wilson and M. Clemenceau. A relative of the famous composer, Tchaikovsky impressed the English by his "engaging manner and handsome, dignified presence," and Americans were also alive to the faithfulness with which he stood for that ideal of freedom in Russia whose realization is still in the future.[*Open Forum. Los Angeles May 15, 1926*] Mexico By P. D. NEAL On Wednesday of last week at the City Club, under the auspices of the Council of International Relations, Don Jose Kelly spoke on the situation in Mexico. When one is informed that the speaker was no other than our old friend Joe Kelly of the Machinists it dawns on him that the talk was lively and full of facts not generally known by the average American. Though he is a typical "labor skate" in many ways, and when before an audience of his own people speaks in the vernacular and never hesitates to speak plainly, he has an excellent command of good English and has enough tact to size-up his audience and make his talk accordingly. Though he spoke to a rather cold audience, which automatically realized that the speaker was representing a country and movement which had adopted a system which boded no good to the upper, exploiting classes, his numerous facts from first hand made a decided impression. Born in Long Beach of Quaker-Irish parents, he was raised in China and speaks that language fluently. From many years' work in Mexico he is at home in Spanish. Though a member of his union for many years, one of its international organizers, and the virtual go-between in all relations of the American Labor Movement and the Calles administration, he never hides the fact that he has been connected with the socialist work for years and has been active in the work of displacing the Diaz and other tyrannical regimes in Mexico. [*May 15 1926*] At our table were a number of Latins, evidently of the class which has been in power in the South and Central Americas for so many years, and which enjoys the good things of life at the expense of the miserable peons and other workers of those countries. One was a consul from a prominent nation of South America, deploring the lack of artistic and other "glories" of the Diaz times, seemingly entirely unsympathetic with Kelly's expose of the miseries of the virtually enslaved masses just emerging into some semblance of freedom. Up to the time of the coming of the Spanish under Cortez the Aztecs and Mayas had quite a high civilization, and poverty was unknown. Then came 300 years of blood and slavery, with church and state united for a pleasant existence for a small group of exploiters, while the millions were made into "Christians" and existed on a plane really worse than the brutes. In 1810 the Hidalgo revolution established a theoretical freedom, but did not last long. A republic was established in 1821, but was one in name only, the economic conditions continuing as before, with the millions working from sunup to sundown for a bare existence. Then came Madero with something ideal, not lasting long; then Carranza with a three days later, with the final elimination of Porfirio Diaz. Our own Johnny Murray was given the credit for long years of work which culminated in the Laredo meeting on 1917 and the adoption of "Labor's Bill of Rights," and the establishment of the Mexican Federation of Labor and the Pan-American Federation of Labor. At the end of Obregon's term in 1923 de la Huerta initiated a revolution for a come-back of the old reactionary groups, and as e had the backing of 75 per cent of the army and practically all of the officer class, would have been successful if it had not been that the Labor Movement was strong and virile, AND ARMED. The revolt was short-lived, and the showing made by the Labor forces was so impressive that future attempts at armed overthrow of the people's government are unlikely. The Roman Catholic church claimed 65 per cent of all of the lands in the state of Chiapas, and when the government divided it into small farms for the peons the bishop issued an edict refusing absolution to any of them who accepted the allotments. It is such acts as this, and the refusal to sever Church and State which has resulted in the expulsion of a number of the clergy. The Petit case at Tia Juana was cited as showing that the border hell-holes could not exist if it was not for the patronage of apparently respectable Americans. No apology was offered for the Mexican government which permits their continuance. He mentioned that he had taken Morones, of President Calle's cabinet, to Tia Juana, and that they both had been grossly insulted. In his division of Obregon's revolutionary was a boy of 16 who was covered with bruises and sores from whippings given him daily at a coal mine by the boss, because he could not deliver enough fuel. He was given a rifle and 100 rounds of cartridges, and the usual propaganda talk as to why the tyrants must be eliminated. In a short time he asked for a ten-day leave. On his return in a few days he was asked where he had been, and announced that he had been across the mountains and gotten his "tyrant." This incident seemed to shock some of the audience at the club. We are fond of commending "red blooded Americans." Wouldn't any one of them have done the same as this boy, under the same provocations? The Mexican Indian, and 90 per cent of the population have little or no other blood in their veins, was raised on the land and prefers a simple living as a farmer to high wages in factories and cities. It is this lack of "ambition" that makes him such a poor subject for modern capitalistic exploitation, much to the disgust of our American capitalists who realize the fortunes which might be made in that rich country if given plenty of cheap and docile labor. This explains why our rich classes are so anxious to intervene in our neighbor's affairs. A return to the golden age of Diazism, with forced slave labor at 25 a day, would be ideal. In the state of Morelos, with 80,000 people, ALL of the land was owned by SIX families of absentee owners who lived in France. Is it a wonder that a "bandit" Zapata arose, and that he was the idol of the inhabitants? As the Church has been the only real organization in Mexico for centuries, and has played the game of various ambitious individuals and small groups, it has controlled in this nation of individualists. Now comes the Labor Movement based on collectivism and the acceptance of majority rule. It is the real power back of the present government, and its enlightened self-interest will force the carrying out of the great social changes promised by the Obregon revolution. Gabriela Mistral Awarded the 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature It is extremely fitting that the Nobel Prize in Literature this year should have been awarded to Gabriela Mistral, the great Chilean poet whose work and life have so profoundly influenced the youth of the other Americas. Gabriela Mistral has been for the peoples south of the Rio Grande not only a highly gifted writer but a very great spiritual leader. In the most critical period of the war, when it seemed as though the Axis might destroy hemisphere solidarity, she used all her moral force to unite the struggle against fascism. Now that the war is ended, Gabriela Mistral's writings, in both prose and verse, give noble and beautiful expression to the highest hopes of the peace, namely, more complete justice for all men and greater love between peoples. Began Teaching at 15 Gabriela Mistral (or Lucila Godoy, as she was called before she published her first poems "Sonetos de la Muerte," in 1922, under her now famous pseudonym), was born in a little town in the north of Chile in 1889. At 15 she began teaching in a rural school and throughout her life she has remained a teacher at heart, long after she was connected with any educational institution. She has held many important positions in Mexico, in Geneva - as cultural representative of Spanish America at the League of Nations -, in Madrid, Lisbon, Nice and now Petropolis, Brazil, as Consul for the Republic of Chile. It is characteristic that she is as dearly loved by the people of Mexico and Brazil as by her own compatriots; all the children recite the poems she wrote for them. Her poems have been published in the volumes entitled Desolacion (New York, 1922) and Tala (Buenos Aires, 1938). Her magnificent prose writings scattered through many periodicals, still remain to be collected . . . translated. Chilean First to Resign From United Nations Post Miss Gabriela Mistral Associated Press The first resignation of a delegate at the United Nations meeting occurred yesterday when Senorita Gabriela Mistral of Chile resigned from the Subcommission on the Status of Women. The winner of the 1945 Nobel Prize in literature gave no reasons for her resignation. Senorita Mistral has attended no meetings of the subcommission. Last Monday when the sessions started, she appeared for the meeting of the Commission on Human Rights but did not remain for the conference of her subcommission which followed it. She will lunch at Hyde Park today with Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, according to her secretary, Audrey Georgi. "Spiritual Descendants of the Tories" [Letter Received Recently by Mrs. William F. Anderson, Wife of Bishop Anderson] MY DEAR MRS. ANDERSON: I WANT to express my gratitude to you for having withdrawn from the D. A. R. because of their attitude toward present-day questions of practical righteousness. They often make me think of the words that James Russell Lowell puts into the mouth of the ghost of Miles Standish, speaking of the pro-slavery men of his time: They talk about their "pilgrim blood," Their "birthright high and holy'! A mountain stream that ends in mud Methinks is melancholy! Many years ago, some of the women who were fighting woman suffrage boasted that its opponents included "the best-descended women in Boston." Then we showed up the record of their ancestry on the slavery question, which was conspicuously and shockingly bad. Once, at a legislative hearing, a woman announced herself as an officer in the Daughters of the Revolution, and went on to protest against the granting of woman suffrage on the ground that it would be "revolutionary." To quote again from James Russell Lowell: Worshipers of light ancestral make the present light a crime. Was the Mayflower launched by cowards, steered by men behind their time? Turn those tracks toward past or future, that make Plymouth Rock sublime? They mean well, but they are spiritual descendants of the Tories, and it does my heart good when some woman in a high position gives them a merited rebuke. With kind remembrances to Bishop Anderson, I remain Yours gratefully, ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. [*Zion's Herald, June 11 1930*] BOSTON DAILY GLOBE - SATURDAY, JANUARY 12, 1946 Nobel Prize to Chilean of Basque-Indian Descent Tragic Death of Man She Loved Inspired "Queen of Poetry," Gabriela Mistral BY DOROTHY BENJAMIN "QUEEN IF POETRY" is the title bestowed on Nobel Prize winner Gabriela Mistral of Chile by a member of the Swedish Academy. SANTIAGO, Chile (ONA) - Chile hasn't seen its beloved poetess- laureate, Gabriela Mistral, for seven years, but the excitement and pride of this Spanish-American nation over her winning the 1945 Nobel Prize for Literature has not yet subsided and the memory of the cheers that rang out in the halls of Congress on the day of its announcement is still vivid. For the countless thousands of Chileans who know her works by heart, the Nobel Prize award for Gabriela Mistral, dubbed "Queen of Poetry," has meant a personal triumph. Her friends here describe her as a plain, homespun, heavy-set woman of simple tastes. Her straight black hair, clear green eyes, high forehead and sloping, sad mouth form a classic of Spanish and Indian facial characteristics. One of her favorite attires is a Basque beret, low-heeled walking shoes and unadorned, tailored clothes. She loves to walk, rises early in the morning and works three hours on her poetry - her weakness is breakfast in bed. At present she is in ill health and shares her apartment in Europe with a trained nurse. She entertains frequently, however, and is a delightful hostess to the many hopeful young writers who come to her for advice. It wasn't until 1922, when the Instituto de las Espanas in New York gathered some of her poems in book form, that any such collection was made. The first famous book, called "Desolation," was translated into five languages and brought international fame. Gabriela was born Lucila Godoy Alcayaga, April 6, 1889 in Vicuna, Chile, of a humble family Basque and Indian in origin. As a child, she led an unhappy life. Her father, though at one time director of one of Santiago's secondary schools, was a wandering minstrel. A charming, gifted poet, he couldn't stay put. One day when Lucila was barely 3, he wandered back to his home town of Atacama, and never returned except on occasional visits to his family. Gabriela learned to love poetry from her father. Her first poems were written at the age of seven. At 15, while working as a teacher's assistant during the day and teaching classes of workers at night, she still found time for composing poems and essays which were published in a local paper, 'El Coquimbo.' Even at this early age her poetry had a sad, typically Indian tone. Her first poems, published under her nom de plume, Gabriela Mistral, tell the story of her young and ardent love for a boy, Romelio Ureta, who worked as a railway conductor near her school. In her passionate poem, "El Encuentro" (The Meeting), she describes her newborn love. In "Credo" (Belief) and "Verguenza" (Shyness), she glories in its warmth and in "Balada" and "Estasis" she suffers its youthful pangs. Then came a sudden blow. Her fiance killed himself after having loaned company funds to some of his friends, which he could not recover. From this terrible shock came Gabriela's anguished "Sonnets of Death." Always a sensitive, serious girl, Gabriela never quite recovered from this early tragedy. Intensely religious, the sorrowing girl found solace in poetry and in her love for children. For more than 20 years she taught school in Chile, first in a little rural schoolhouse and later in secondary schools up and down the coast. Finally she became director of a large Santiago public school for girls. In 1922 she left Chile for the first time when the Mexican government asked her to help with educational reforms for the Indians of the interior. In 1924 the University of Mexico appointed her its representative in Europe, and in 1925, she was made secretary of the League of Nations. She later gave a series of lectures and attended world education conferences in Italy Switzerland and France. In the United States she gave lectures at Columbia University in 1924, and in 1930 at Barnard College. Known throughout the world and especially Latin-America for her moving, spiritual poetry, and beloved by all for her simplicity and wisdom as an educator, "Gabriela the Divine," as she is poetically known, has monuments in her honor in three Latin-American countries. Chile's first poet was also her country's first woman foreign representative, having served as consul to Italy, Spain and Portugal and Brazil. Despite the recognition she has won, she has never lost the simplicity, the tenderness and idealism that come from her humble training as a teacher. (Copyright, 1945. Boston Globe and Overseas News Agency)