BLACKWELL FAMILY MiscellANY Book Reviews ALICE STONE BLACKWELL LUCY STONE, PIONEER of WOMANs RightsLUCY STONE - PIONEER OF WOMAN'S RIGHTS Reviews and comments Page Addams, Jane - July 2, 1931 ............................................ 7 American Mercury - Dec. 1930 ..................................... 36 Atlantic City (N.J.) Press, Oct. 12, .[1]930 ................... 21 Banner, The - Nashville Tenn. Mar. 13, 1932 ........... 38 Better Homes and Gardens, Feb. 1931 ...................... 31 Black, Ruby A. in The Suffragist .................................... 2-4 Bookman, Feb. 1931 ......................................................... 31 Boston Herald, Oct. 4, 1930 ........................................... 13 Oct. 11, 1930 ....................................... 21 Sunday Herald, Oct. 19,1930 ......................... 18,19 Boston Post, Oct. 12,1930 ............................................... 21 Boston Public Library - Upham's Corner Branch Librarian . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... 6 Boston Transcript .............................................................. 14,15 Bostonia, Boston Univ. organ ....................................... 37 Breshkovsky, Catherine ................................................... 18 Catt, Carrie Chapman, in the Woman Citizen ......... 10 Chicago Evening Post, Oct. 3, 1930 ............................ 15 Christian Advocate, Dec. 18, 1930 .............................. 36 Christian Register, Book page, Jan. 1931 ................. 38 Christian Science Monitor, Oct. 21, 1930...................23 Cincinnati Enquirer, ......................................................... 21 Cook, Sherwin L. in Boston Transcript ........................14,15 Crane, Caroline Bartlett ................................................... 20 Dixon, Jane - Women Behind the News ..................17 Scranton, Pa. Times Ibid - Syracuse Post Standard.......................................12 Foulke, William Dudley...................................................19,34 Gannett, Lewis - New York Herald Tribune.............13 Geddes, James Jr. - Boston University.................... 37 Hartford (Conn.) Courant ............................................ 22 Indianapolis Star - Kate M. Rabb............................... 34 Jewish Advocate, Boston...............................................17 Jewish Daily Forward......... in Yiddish........................ 26, 27 Translation of article............................................. 28, 29, 30, 31 Kirchwey, Freda - N.Y. Herald-Tribune.....................11 La Mujer, Havana, Cuba............................................... 38 Legislative Counsellor, The........................................ 5 Letter from Librarian, Upham's Cor.Branch Lib. 6 Letter from publishers, circular................................. 9 Little Brown and Co.page 2 - Index to reviews and comments on LUCY STONE Mass. League of Women Voters, mimeogr. circular........... 33 McDermott, Mary Stephanie - St. Louis Globe Dem. ......... 13 Mencken, H. L. in American Mercury........................................ 36 Methodist Social Service Bulletin, June 1931........................ 17 Minneapolis Journal........................................................................ 24 Moseley, Emma - .......................................................................... 23 Nashville, Tenn. Banner.................................................................. 38 National Woman's Party - The Suffragist - review.............. 2,3,4 Newark (N.J.) Evening News.......................................................... 17 New York Herald Tribune ........................................................... 11, 38 Lewis Gannett in "Books and Other Things"...................... 13 New York Sun - The Book of the Day........................................ 32 New York Times.................................................................................. 22 New England Quarterly, Portland, Me. ..................................... 1 Papazian, Bertha S. - in Unity......................................................... 16 Portland (Me.) News.......................................................................... 23 Philadelphia Public Ledger............................................................. 12 Rabb, Kate Milner - Indianapolis Star......................................... 34 Rogoff, Hilel............ Jewish Daily Forward................................... 28.29 Schlesinger, Prof. A. M. - N.E.Quarterly.......................................1 Scranton (Pa.) Times - Jane Dixon................................................ 17 St. Louis Globe-Democrat................................................................ 13 Suffragist, The - Ruby A. Black....................................................... 2-4 Syracuse Post Standard - Jane Dixon........................................... 12 Unity - Bertha Papazian..................................................................... 16 Vineyard Gazette, The........................................................................ 38 What Others Say of the Biog. of Lucy Stone............................. 33 Wilde, Arthur H. Boston Univ. School of Education 25 Woman Citizen, The - C.C.Catt review.......................................... 10 Woman's Leader............................................................................. 35 Women Behind the News - Jane Dixon........................................ 17 Women's Legislative Council of Washington (Seattle) 5 Yust, Walter - Public Ledger, Phila. ............................................... 12 Zion's Herald, Boston...................................................................... 21The New England Quarterly BOOK REVIEWS 339 april 1931 Lucy Stone: Pioneer of Woman's Rights. By Alice Stone Blackwell. (Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. 1930. Pp, vii, 313. Illustrated. $3.00.) As a pioneer in the struggle for woman's rights Lucy Stone has been pretty generally forgotten by present-day Americans except as she is associated in their minds with her insistence on retaining her maiden name after marriage. As the present much-needed biography shows, however, this act was, in a sense, not characteristic of her, for, though she displayed indomitable pluck in every reform enterprise she espoused, her temper was averse to showmanship and eccentricity. The author makes her out a charming figure, indeed. Her audiences, brought together by morbid curiosity, "expected a woman's rights advocate to be a tall, aggressive, disagreeable woman, with masculine manners and a strident voice. Instead they found a small, quiet woman, with gentle, unaffected manners, and the sweetest voice ever possessed by a public speaker" (page 93). Her grace of deportment only increased the rage of the anti-feminists who consoled themselves, however, with the thought that her very femininity would serve to cut short her career on the platform. As a contributor to the Boston Post wrote, A name like Curtius' shall be his, On fame's loud trumpet blown, Who with a wedding kiss shuts up The mouth of Lucy Stone! Her marriage, in 1855, to Henry B. Blackwell only resulted in bringing a second persistent advocate of equal rights into the arena, and their union in time produced a third champion in the person of their daughter, the author of the present volume. The chief new light on the woman's rights movement is shed by Miss Blackwell's circumstantial account of the split that occurred within the ranks shortly after the Civil War. This whole episode is glossed over by the monumental History of Woman Suffrage, edited by Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and others, and also by Ida Husted Harper in her authorized three-volume biography of Miss Anthony. The[*Portland, Me. 1931*] 340 THE NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY [*April 1931*] facts reflect great credit on Lucy Stone and her followers, and show Miss Anthony and Mrs. Stanton, at this stage of their career, as the nucleus of the lunatic fringe. One of their male allies, George Francis Train, seemed even to William Lloyd Garrison a "crack-brained harlequin and semi-lunatic" (page 211). The author, who evidently inherits many of her mother's qualities, writes with quiet self-restraint. She is content, for the most part, to allow the facts to speak for themselves. The volume is a valuable addition to the biographical literature of American social history. [*Prof.*] A. M. SCHLESINGER. The Puritan Mind. By Herbert Wallace Schneider. (New York: Henry Holt and Company. 1930. Pp. 301. $3.00.) Professor Schneider, as a student of philosophy, has in this work undertaken to supplement the works of colonial historians. He has set out to survey the history of New England's intellectual life, to describe the original philosophy, the process by which the early radical urge crystallized into formalism, the attempt to revivify it in the Great Awakening, its death agonies in the early nineteenth century, and its ghostly survival in the person of Hawthorne, whom he takes to be the last of the Puritans. In the main, as he himself says of one episode, "historians now agree on the general outline of the story"; it has been his purpose to accept the outline and to fill in the philosophical and intellectual implications. Such a prospect is at once fascinating and dangerous. Where the political or social historian can make his material intelligible to present day comprehensions, the intellectual historian is compelled to deal in outworn and forgotten issues, and he requires a large knowledge of the points of view in their original settings and great accuracy in translating them into a modern vocabulary. Mr. Schneider has, fortunately, gone to at least some of the sources for fresh statements of the problems, but the student can not help wondering if his bibliography still repre-[*Published 1930. Reviews Lucy Stone Pioneer of Woman's Rights*] The Literary Digest for June 8, 1929 for Economical Transportation Chevrolet Scoring another sensational success . . over 600,000 new Six Cylinder Chevrolets in less than five months! Sweeping to ever-increasing heights of popularity, the Chevrolet Six is shattering every previous Chevrolet record. In less than five months this new Six has won over 600,000 owners--because it provides, in the price range of the four, those features which careful buyers are now demanding in their automobiles! The popular demand today is for six-cylinder smoothness, six-cylinder getaway, six-cylinder speed and six-cylinder power. 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Compare it, value for value an price for price, with any other low- priced car. And you will quickly understand why its already tremendous public acceptance is increasing every day. CHEVROLET MOTOR COMPANY, DETROIT, MICHIGAN Division of General Motors Corporation The ROADSTER. . . $525 The PHAETON. . . . $525 The COUPE.. . . . . . $595 The SEDAN. . . . . . . $675 The Sport CABRIOLET . . $695 THE COACH $595 The Convertible LANDAU . . . . . $725 The SEDAN DELIVERY . . . $595 Light Delivery (Chassis only) . . $400 1 1-2 Ton Truck (Chassis only) . . $545 1 1-2 Ton Truck (Chassiswithcab) $650 All prices f. o. b. factory Flint, Michigan COMPARE the delivered price as well as the list price in considering automobile values. Chevrolet's delivered prices include only reasonable charges for delivery and financing. A SIX IN THE PRICE RANGE OF THE FOUR"A Soul As Free As the Air" By Ruby A. Black A Review of "LUCY STONE, PIONEER OF WOMAN'S RIGHTS," by Alice Stone Blackwell. Little, Brown & Company. Boston. $3. THREE things I had known about Lucy Stone before I read her daughter's biography of her-her action in making it possible for me and the hundreds like me to keep our names all our lives ; the Charter of Freedom for Happy Marriage written and signed by her and Henry B. Blackwell when they married ; and the "Later Portrait" of the rather benign old lady in the lace cap and the lace collar. Three things I had not known : The face that is in "Early Portrait" and that in the "Frontispiece," apparently a portrait a little later than "Early Portrait," in Miss Blackwell's book ; Lucy Stone's childhood discernment ; and the potency and courage of her work for all that we mean when we say Equal Rights. Perhaps the pictures are the most important. "Later Portrait" could not be made of an elderly woman who, today, is active in the world, as Lucy Stone was until her death. But "Early Portrait" is ageless; it has the eyes and the mouth of hundreds of eager young women in colleges and universities, in factories and offices, young women who know no limitations and no fears-yet. And the living portrait which is the frontispiece of Miss Blackwell's book has the same look that is on the faces of hundreds of young women of high intelligence, of determination, of refusal to submit to the limitations which, even today, suddenly and unexpectedly confront those young women who, five years ago, had the eyes and mouth of the Lucy Stone of "Early Portrait." Lucy Stone was a first-rate rebel. She started early and she never stopped. Still, there was a rather rigid morality about her, a terrible seriousness which is perfectly understandable, considering the age in which she was born. She professed an utter lack of sense of humor, hoping, humorously enough, that she would come to understand music and jokes when she got to Heaven. That is to say, Lucy Stone was a rebel, not against convention, not against moral codes, not against economic conditions- not against those things as such, but against injustice, against inequalities between men and women. The rebellion is in "Early Portrait" and "Frontispiece" ; the morality, the seriousness, are in "Later Portrait." We think of Lucy Stone as primarily the rebel against the inequalities of the marriage code, the law concerning married women, the custom of submerging the married woman. One gets the impression from the daughter's biography that, after all, Lucy Stone was truly the "Women's rights pioneer" for the whole program, ready to sacrifice her personal life, as Susan B. Anthony did, for her "cause." But a determined, imaginative, composed, optimistic man who loved freedom and justice fell in love with Lucy. It was really Henry B. Blackwell who convinced Lucy Stone that a woman could remain free, even though married, that, indeed, law and custom could not make a slave of a free woman if the woman herself did not submit. At last he made her believe it, by long written arguments, by placing himself in her position, by urging upon her the need for refusing to be forced into celibacy simply because of unequal man-made laws, by showing her how she could remain free even if she became his wife. Of course, it was nearly as simple as enthusiastic Henry Blackwell though it was, but it is much simpler not because Henry Blackwell thought so, and he and Lucy Stone set an example for the generations which followed. Too much credit must not be given to Henry, however. Probably not even Henry could have convinced Susan. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was considerablly submerged by her marriage. Lucy, at least, was convinced, and she and Henry lived beautifully their convictions-with the result that there are more happy marriages today and more women who refused to be enslaved by slave laws than there could be but for Henry and Lucy. There is that in the gallant eyes of young Lucy which must have made Henry subconsciously know that she would eventually be convinced. What I am trying to say is that Lucy was perhaps more normally human than any of the other Equal Rights Pioneers, with the possible exception of Lucretia Mott, that she, more intensely than any of the other, lived a full personal life in spite of laws and customs and all the opposition of family and tradition. THE best part of Miss Blackwell's story of her mother is that part which Miss Blackwell knew only from records, letters, and anecdotes. The later part, which Miss Blackwell personally knew, has too much of straight eulogy, of quotation of what others though of Lucy, to prove that she was sweet and womanly an maternal and wifely-all of which is obvious in her life without anybody else's praise. The story of Lucy's girlhood is thrilling-Lucy calmly bruising the serpent's head instead of running away ; Lucy picking chestnuts to buy books even though her father did not hold with woman's education ; Lucy rebelling against biblical injunctions to wives ; Lucy refusing to finish a shirt for a theological student in the West Brookfield sewing circle when she heard Mary Lyon plead for education for women ; Lucy insisting upon voting in church meeting even though the minister would not count her upraised hand ; Lucy taking the part of the persecuted Grimke sisters and Abby Kelley Foster ; Lucy at last going to Oberlin, the only college that admitted women, making her living there, secretly organizing a debating society among the women, braving the Ladies' Board, refusing to write her piece for commencement because she was not permitted to read it herself ; Lucy meeting General Spinner, who was later the be the first Cabinet member to employ women in the Federal service ; Lucy lending courage to Antoinette L. Brown, later to be the [*PERSONAL*] [*warn others, altho death was visibly approaching her. She died in a hospital. Dr. George W. Crile, who had worked for years for the establishment and success of the institution, was in the thick of the rescue work. So was Dr. John Phillips, another founder, who died later. One peculiarity of the fumes, over the identity of which there was some uncertainty at first, was that they killed some*][*p3*] [8, 1929 33] [Left column] first ordained woman minister; and so on down the line of Lucy's doing what she wanted to do, using her intelligence, helping others with her courage and her mind; refusing to compromise with discriminations against women, confounding others with her logic and good sense and kindliness. Lucy was not without victories; she had the joy of vindication here and there. Thirty-six years after she had been refused the right to speak her own commencement piece, she was invited to be the only woman on the program of Oberlin's semi-centennial. Like many others of that period of the predominance of abolition of slavery, Lucy learned about discriminations against women through her efforts to help free the black slave. She came to the point when she had to say, "I was a woman before I was an abolitionist. I must speak for the women. I will not lecture any more for the Anti-Slavery Society, but will work wholly for women's rights." There were, of course, the misrepresentations that might be expected. An Indiana newspaper once reported that she was found in the barroom, smoking a cigar and swearing like a trooper--the very moral Lucy who would not have drunk, smoked, or even sworn, despite the terrific incentive for swearing she had. Lucy it was who headed the list of signers of the call for the first really national woman's rights convention, the historic Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 being local in character whereas the 1850 Worcester Convention was actually national. Typhoid fever nearly, but not quite, prevented her from attending. Even in the 50's Lucy Stone knew what some women have not yet learned, that " . . . the soul of womanhood can never be queenly and noble so long as it must beg bread for its body." Lucy, even then, knew that economic independence is essential for all other freedom and independence. There was her joy over the passage by the Maine Senate of the bill securing to married women the right to their own earnings. Lucy's constant attention and unflagging work for Equal Rights is well summarized by her daughter in the phrase used in speaking of the Fourth National Woman's Rights Convention: "arranged by Lucy, as usual," says Miss Blackwell. It is really amazing to learn how many things were "arranged by Lucy," for people so often think of Lucy merely as the first married woman to use her own name. An example of Lucy's morality, by the way, was her use of the title "Mrs." even though she used her own name. This is the practice of the "Lucy Stoners" of England, although those of the United States have refused to adopt any badge of matrimony, which Lucy was perfectly willing to adopt. [Right column] Miss Blackwell has the facility for showing succinctly the progress of the Feminist movement in the early days. Of Antoinette Brown she says: "She had six children, wrote nine books, and lived to be 96 years old. When she died, the census showed that there were more than three thousand women ministers and preachers in the United States" --there having been none when Antoinette started and Lucy encouraged her. The same sort of things she uses to show what happened because her aunt, Elizabeth Blackwell, insisted upon being a doctor, despite all the difficulties and opposition. There were seven thousand women physicians and surgeons in the United States when Dr. Blackwell died at the age of 89. THE essence of the philosophy which Henry Blackwell urged so successfully upon Lucy was: "The true mode of protest is to assume the natural relation and to reject the unnatural dependence." It was this that Lucy and Henry did when they married in that remarkable ceremony and signed that document which is indeed a Charter of Freedom in Marriage. "Give me a free man, he can never be made a slave. Give me a free woman, she can never be made one either," Henry insisted when Lucy was still reluctant to marry under the marriage laws and customs as they prevailed. After two years of "arduous courtship," he convinced her, and they were married on May 1, 1855. Together they protested against all the unequal laws--some of which still exist in some States of the United States and probably will until the Equal Rights Amendment wipes them out, and some of which have already been abolished. Together they lived and worked, for thirty-eight years, until Lucy's death, for freedom and justice for women. Throughout that time, only one real inconvenience came to Lucy because of [December 20, 1930] her perfectly legal retention of her own name. That was when she, who had for years paid taxes in her own name, was refused the right to vote as Lucy Stone in school elections in Massachusetts. Lucy did but one thing for her "cause" which was really a "gesture," a "protest," a militant act of martyrdom against an unjust government, rather than an action forced upon her by her own inner compulsion to freedom. On January 22, 1858, Lucy Stone allowed her household goods to be sold at auction because she refused to pay taxes to a government which did not permit her to vote for the State Representatives and Senators who determined those taxes. A friend bought her goods in for her. Miss Blackwell goes into detail on[*4*] LUCY STONE Pioneer of Woman's Rights, 1818-1893 Lucy's side of the split with Susan B. Anthony in the Feminist movement following the Civil War, and probably the biographies of Miss Anthony, Mrs. Stone, and the rest have to date been too much a defense of one side or the other for us to judge just what were the rights of the situation-if it matters. Anyhow, Lucy Stone campaigned in the West for suffrage, and so did her husband. She got elected a delegate to a State Republican Convention in Massachusetts. She got the Massachusetts Republicans to endorse woman suffrage. She and her husband tried to get national conventions to do so. She refused to venerate her flag because nowhere under it could she find a place where she could claim her child as her own. She and Henry sought to have all new States come in as suffrage States. In other words, she missed no bets, none whatever. She converted other leaders-and perhaps she made no greater contribution besides that of her own example. AND at last Lucy died, happy because she had done what she wanted to do-"I have helped the women." The very last editorial she wrote before she died was in essence what all Feminists of 1930 insist upon. This editorial, dictated eleven days before her death for the Woman's Journal, which she and husband founded and supported chiefly, commended the Boston Herald for stating that it was a wrong idea to have a separate exhibit for women's work at the World's Fair, that men and women ought not to be separated, but ought to go everywhere together hand in hand and side by side. On October 18, 1893, Lucy Stone died, if it can ever be said that such a valiant, vivid spirit dies. Henry Blackwell kept on. His last public appearance was at a great suffrage festival given by Mrs. O. H. P. Belmont, president of the National Woman's Party, at Marble House in Newport, Rhode Island. Pictures of that festival were thrown on the screen the other day in Philadelphia. Many of today's young remember the occasion. Thus closely, even in time, was that pioneer, Lucy Stone, connected with today, as her indomitable and uncompromising spirit is inextricably connected with the Feminist movement of today which seeks to carry to completion the work for Equal Rights to which she devoted her life. [Digest for June 8, 1929] [*5*] LUCY STONE, PIONEER (Translated from Mouvement Feministe by Ottilie Lou Kepner, French V, West Seattle High.) The conditions of the lives of the American women and girls at the beginning of the nineteenth century were unfavorable and unjust. The high schools and universities were closed to young women. There was one single large private school giving her an interesting and complete education. The general sentiment was that a woman knew enough when she was capable of reading and writing and keeping the accounts of the family from day to day. All attempts to give her other notions probably made her incapable of filling her place as wife and mother. The husband had a right to beat his wife "with an appropriate instrument of correction," said the legislation of that time. And Judge Butler, presenting the case of a woman grievously beaten by her husband, said: "Without trying to explain what might be a proper instrument of correction, I think, gentlemen of the jury, that it must be a matter of a stick not larger than my thumb." A feminine deputation presented itself the next day at Judge Butler's house to inquire anxiously about the exact size of his thumb. A Methodist preacher publicly pardoned an "honorable parishoner" who corrected his wife with a lash of a whip because she always grumbled. The miracle would have been to see such ill-treated creatures as the wives of that time smiling. The husband had the free disposition of the property and earnings of his wife, and he alone had authority over the children, and he could in his will deliver the care and education of them to any person other than their mother. A woman at that time LEGISLATIVE COUNSELLOR had no more rights than a little child, since she could neither make a contract nor appear in court, nor be represented, nor bequeath whatever she liked without the consent of her husband. However, if she left all her goods to her husband, the will was always valid. The widower had the enjoyment while living of the house and land, whereas the widow must pay the rent of the family house if she wished to live in it, and she had the enjoyment of only one-third of the house and property. Unfortunate was the poor one who had to work for her bread! All well paid professions were naturally closed to her, and she had only a choice remaining among several badly paid trades that the men disdained. Would one believe that the day when a shop-keeper engaged a young saleswoman his fellow citizens boycotted his store and his women customers made serious remonstrations over the horrible sin of exposing a young woman publicly behind a counter! No other women's organizations than the sewing societies of the Church! About speaking in public there could be no question and even the woman who wrote for publication was an outrage to her sex. Already, the very little girl saw confusedly that she belonged to the inferior sex and that silence and subjection would be her lot. Such was the world in 1818, when Lucy Stone was born. Her mother, a farmer's wife from Massachusetts, had just milked eight cows several hours before the coming of her little one, and when she learned the sex of her child, she sighed and said, "I am very sad... the life of a woman is so hard!" She couldn't foresee that this little Lucy would work with such courage and success as to make the live of generations of women to come less hard. Barefooted in the early morning, the child feeds the cows; she helps her mother weave the rude cloth that clothed the family; she and her eight brothers and sisters make coarse boots which were sold to the farmers and Negroes. And in spite of all that drudgery, Lucy has a happy childhood; she is interested in everything in the books, in animals, in plants, and in stones. While yet a young girl, she takes on a languishing aspect; she pales. It is to relieve her poor overworked mother that she drudges at the work. She thinks that her poor mother exhausts herself with the work. "If any of us should die of fatigue, it would better be I than mother," she says to a friend. A meeting of the church sewing society was an illumination for Lucy. Mary Lyon, a pioneer of women's education, was present and she eloquently deplored the impossibility of lessons for the young girl. Her blood boiling with indignation, Lucy asked herself where she would get the books which seemed necessary to her and which her father refused her, thinking that the education for a girl was a superfluous thing. She obtained these coveted books by selling walnuts, chestnuts, and small fruits picked in the forest. She and her little friends saved their pennies to pay for the luxury of a teacher student of theology almost as poor as his rustic pupils. At the age of sixteen, we see her teaching a school; she receives a dollar a week and board and lodging at the homes of the parents of her pupils and she ascends the rank until she becomes instructor of a class of big boys whom she commands with a switch. On and on, teaching and studying, Lucy spends nine years in gathering the money necessary for her entrance to March-April 1932 Oberlin College, the only university condescending to admit women and Negroes. She didn't have money in her pocket necessary to have a real meal; besides looking for lessons to give two hours a day, she engaged herself as helper in the kitchen of the students' restaurant, Ladies' Boarding Hall. While washing dishes, she learns by heart the Greek tragedies, her book placed on a level with her eyes. She comes to the aid of penniless students and the Negroes, mending their clothes. She is very popular. Her professors like her very well, but fear, a little her destructive ideas. Wasn't she herself revolting against the respectable custom which authorized the men students in rhetoric to discuss and orate but condemn to humility and silence the women students? In 1847, the first women of Massachusetts to have ever obtained a university degree, Lucy returned to her parental farm to help her mother. Everyone knew she spoke well and everyone asked her to give lectures. Her first public address had for its subject the rights of women; and the Anti-slavery League engaged her for a series of talks on the burning subject of the liberation of slaves, and Lucy risked her life many times in these meetings, where scenes of extreme violence occurred. She was injured, covered with mud, smoked, inundated in the dead of winter in big streams of ice water, stoned almost to death, and finally expelled from the religious community to which belonged the Stone family. No suffrage association existed to encircle and succor the valiant little lecturer. No one came to her aid, morally or financially. She lived and ate by chance, where one wished to harbor her for a moderate price in garrets, basements, in uncomfortable servant girl's rooms. She penned little placards, posted them herself at street corners, using a pebble for hammer, defending herself as she could against the gamins who booted her. [*Official organ of Women's Legislative Council of Washington, Seattle[First Page] [*6*] [Right column] Uphams Corner Library, 500 Columbia Road, Dorchester, Mass., June 30, 1932. [Left column] Miss Alice Stone Blackwell, 3 Monadnock St., Dorchester, Mass. My dear Miss Blackwell: I am sending two copies of Lucy Stone, Pioneer of Woman's Rights which Mrs. Boyer said you would be willing to autograph for the Uphams Corner Library. One copy is to be kept in the reserve collection of the Adult Room, the other in the Children's Department where it will be displayed with other special editions, on such occasions as Children's Book Week. Besides the autograph you may wish to add a message to the Children of the Upham's Corner district. I know you will be pleased to know that this work is read a great deal, both by adults and children of the intermediate grades. Thanking you, I am Sincerely yours, Beatrice C. Maguire Beatrice C. Maguire, Librarian [Second Page] HULL-HOUSE 800 SOUTH HALSTED STREET CHICAGO July 2, 1931 My dear Miss Blackwell: I read your book on Lucy Stone with the greatest interest and want to congratulate you upon it. I also have the one on "Some Spanish- American Poets which kindly we use from time to time as reading matter to our Clubs, as we have been quite flooded with Mexicans at Hull-House during the last few years. I wish I might see you often. One advantage of our old Suffrage Board was the pleasure of seeing you. Affectionately yours, Jane AddamsThe Literary Digest for June 8, 1929 COMMERCIAL CREDIT PLANS COMMERCIAL CREDIT deferred payment plans cover every sound field of instalment marketing. 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Chicago KEMSLEY MILLBOURN & CO., Ltd - New York MIDWEST COMMERCIAL CREDIT COMPANY, Detroit, Des Moines, Milwaukee, Omaha, Sioux Falls NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS - Baltimore Wherever you are - Whatever you make, sell, or buy - Investigate Commercial Credit ServiceLUCY STONE: PIONEER OF WOMAN'S RIGHTS By ALICE STONE BLACKWELL "A young Joan of Arc, who listened to the voices in her youth, and whose fidelity to their demands kept her ever young and beautiful." - From a Memorial Address by Ednah D. Cheney Fascinating in its revelation of a great character-and for its innumerable sidelights on an era now beyond the horizon. 8 illustrations. Crown 8vo. $3.00 LITTLE, BROWN COMPANY BOSTON PUBLISHERS LUCY STONE: PIONEER OF WOMAN'S RIGHTS By ALICE STONE BLACKWELL The author of this discerning biography is the daughter of Lucy Stone-yet it is written with an objectivity that is rare indeed in cases of such loving relationship. Therefore we have in this volume no effusive eulogy but a valuable and fascinating account of one of the great women of American history. Lucy Stone converted Susan B. Anthony and Julia Ward Howe to "the Cause." The first Massachusetts woman to take a college degree, she studied Greek and read the Bible in the original to learn if the texts concerning the subjection of women to men had been correctly translated. She was "the morning star of the woman's rights movement", lecturing for it, 1847-1857, in spite of every hardship. She headed the call for the First National Woman's Rights Convention. She was the first married woman to keep her own name. She organized a national-wide association for those who did not wish to have equal suffrage mixed up with free love and other extraneous questions. She was a striking example of single-hearted devotion to a great idea. Along with the account of her life and work- of a character of indomitable physical and moral courage, tempered always by sanity- there are given details of the background of the times that convey an amazing picture of the changes which have taken place since Lucy Stone's generation, and which she heralded as a voice crying in the wilderness. Chapter I: Lucy's mother said: "I am so sorry it is a girl. A woman's life is is hard!" Chapter II: Lucy read, "Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and shall rule over three". and was filled with horror. Chapter III: Nine years of saving-then Oberlin College and housework at three cents an hour. Chapter IV: In 1848 she began lecturing for the Anti-Slavery Society. Chapter V: "Lucy got into trouble because she mixed so much woman's right with her anti-slavery lectures." Chapter VI: "We decided that it was time something was done for the women as well as for the Negroes." Chapter VII: "Lucy wore the so-called Bloomer costume for three or four years." Chapter VIII: "You needn't complain", said the mob that howled down other women speakers. "We kept till for you." Chapter IX: Lucy is asked to reconsider her determination not to marry. Chapter X: She makes the acquaintance of the Blackwell family-a remarkable group. Chapter XI: Ten thousand dollars reward offered for her future husband's head. Chapter XII: Keeping her own name brings criticism and inconvenience. Chapter XIII: A summer in Wisconsin wilds. Chapter XIV: "Neither mobs nor matrimony had been able to 'shut up the mouth of Lucy Stone.' Mother love did it, for a time." Chapter XV: A serious split among the suffragists. "The facts hitherto have been largely suppressed. Now they can be told." Chapter XVI: The Woman's Journal Chapter XVII: Years of exciting battle. Chapter XVIII: She looked like "the grandmother of all good children." Chapter XIX: "The gentlest and most heroic of women has passed away." Chapter Mr. Blackwell: "We must try to keep her flag flying." ILLUSTRATIONS Lucy Stone; Lucy Stone, Early Portrait; Rev. Antoinette L. Brown, the first ordained woman minister; Henry B. Blackwell, Early Portrait; Julia Ward Howe, the first President of the New England Woman Suffrage Association; Mary A. Livermore, Army nurse, leader in Sanitary Commission, lecturer, writer; Lucy Stone, Later Portrait; Henry B. Blackwell, Later Portrait CONVENIENT ORDER FORM LITTLE, BROWN & COMPANY, Publishers 34 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MASS. Enclosed find $......for Please charge to my account...... cop........ of Alice Stone Blackwell's LUCY STONE: PIONEER OF WOMAN'S RIGHTS. 8 illustations. Crown 8vo. Cloth. Price $ 3.00. Name...... Address.....[*10*] October, 1930 The BOOKSHELF A Great Suffrage Pioneer- Education-Peace-Folk Lore -A Colored Genius-The Circus in a Novel THE story of the life of "Lucy Stone: Pioneer of Woman's Rights", who died thirty-seven year ago, has been anxiously awaited these many years. Now it appears, containing material found in no other record and wholesomely written in the well-known engaging style of Lucy Stone's daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell. No suffragist can afford to imagine that she knows suffrage history in this country until she reads this book. From cover to cover she will sit spellbound over it and will never regret the money or time expended in its purchase and perusal. Thirty-seven years have been a long time to wait, but the waiting has been worth while. This biography for three reasons is an imperative factor towards the completion of suffrage history. (1) Lucy Stone was a great leader and her services merit an outstanding place in woman suffrage history. (2) Her experiences did not duplicate nor overlap the activities of other pioneers. (3) When, after a long period of disconnected endeavors, suffragists finally effected two national organizations- the National under the leadreship of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony-Lucy Stone and her husband, Mr. Blackwell, became the leaders of the other, the American Woman Suffrage Association. The first three volumes of the "History of Woman Suffrage," the chief reference on woman suffrage, are supposed to have been prepared under the personal direction of Mrs. Stanton and Miss Anthony. Therein the story of the National organization is given chief place and the absence of comment upon the American organization and its work in notable; therefore, the bublished records left a gap which now Miss Blackwell has hably filled. Probably the most crucial period in American history was the twenty years after the Civil War, when policies and hostilities concerning reconstruction kept the nation on the verge of further war. It was within those twenty years that Lucy Stone and her fellow pioneers did their greatest work. Referring to the relations of the leaders Alice Stone Blackwell and their organizations to each other at the beginning of this period, Miss Blackwell opens Chapter 15 with the sentences: "The fact hitherto have been largely suppressed. Now they can be told." These sentences kept me awake one entire night. What has been suppressed? I asked myself. My conclusion, after reflection, was this: "If any facts have been suppressed, it was because the leaders believed the suppression good for the cause to which they were all unquestionably loyally devoted. It is a grave question whether the awakening of sleeping dogs now renders suffrage history more complete or reliable and especially whether facts can now be distinguished from gossip." The "lunatic fringe" which Theodore Roosevelt once said every reform had was never lacking in the suffrage movement. Queer folk dropped into duffrage circles unceremoniously from time to time and no one knew from whence they came nor whither they were going, but when they were very queer they never stayed long. Eventually the door was opened and they were shown the way out. Among these brief callers came Victoria Woodhull, George Francis Train, the Beecher-Tilton scandal, and other plagues. It is doubtful if any made history and none semm to be worthy the space given them by Miss Blackwell while rhe greatest fact of those twenty years is lightly emphasized. In other words, non-essentials and essentials appear to have been confused. The great outcome of those twenty years was a wide revolution of public opinion and an unswerving determination in the souls of hundreds of women to live snd to die for their great cause. This spirit that carried on was created by the uncreasing hard work of Lucy Stone and Miss Blackwell on one side, and Mrs. Stanton and Miss Anthony on the other. What they did to effect this astounding change in American life is the real suffrage history of those twenty years, not the curious behavior of chance droppers-in which sometimes perturbed the judgment of leaders. Despite this defect, with which others may not concur, I regard this biography as a grat book, and I am grateful to Miss Blackwell for having written it. CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT NEW YORK HERALD TRIBUNE BOOKS, SUNDAY. SEPTEMBER 28, 1930. Leader of the Feminists LUCY STONE: PIONEER OF WOMAN'S RIGHTS. By Alice Stone Blackwell... Boston: Little, Brown and Company ... $3. Reviewed by FREDA KIRCHWEY SOME years ago a dinner of the Lucy Stone League in New York was attended by a distinguished woman whose memories carried her back without effort to the time when Lucy Stone herself was engaged in the pioneer work for women's rights. The dinner was serious enough in its purpose, but the atmosphere was worldly and the speeches were pitched in a key of levity and humorous impropriety. The lady who had known Lucy Stone listened to the proceeding with horror. She looked around at the audience of men and women, smoking, laughing, apllaufing, and, after one of the more flippant speakers han taken his seat, she said to her neighbor: "If dear Lucy knew of this performance, given in her name, she would turn over in her grave." The life of Lucy Stone, written by her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell, bears out this comment. Although Mrs. Stone was a leader in a dozen different wars, fought on as many issues, she was through it all a simple, unsophisticated, pious person. Her charm sprang from the warmth and vitality that animated her; not from humor or the alluting vagaries of a more complicated personality. It is quite certain that she must have suffered discomfort if her astral ears caught Heywood Broun's remarks, approving though they were, on woman's right to her private name. This book is a most dignified and succesful example of the filial biography. It is admiring without excess of sentiment or of eulogy. It is rich in facts and anecdotes, and it leans heavily on contemporary records. The quotations from letters by Lucy Stone and her husband, Henry B. Blackwell, contain many intimations of the quality of Mrs. Stone's mind and character. It is these personal revelations that most completely engage one. The story of her time-of the abolitionist movement, the struggle for education for women and their right to be heard in public, the long fight for the vote-this forms a familiar, if interesting and necessary background. But the story of one of the most striking women of that period has a fascination that is psychological rather than social. How did it happen that this particular country girl-obviously, and form internal evidence, a well balanced, feminine young person-left the ranks to ride almost alone at the head of the shock troops of the feminist movement? It appears that she had physical courage almost without limit, and intelligence, and a strong body. But these could have been exercised equally well on a farm and in the rearing of a large family, and if necessary might have overflowed into the traditional fields of church work or charity. Lucy, instead, even as a young child, chose to earn the money to buy school books that her father thought an unnecessary luxury for a girl; she spent nine years accumulating the funds necessary for a college education; she worked her way through the only college in the United States-Oberlin-that admitted women, and was the first Massachusetts woman to receive a degree; she organized, secretly, the first debating society among college girls; she refused to write a commencement address because the faculty ruled that a preofessor must appear on the platform and deliver it for her; she was among the first women to speak fot the abolition of negro slavery and for woman's rights, and she headed the call for the first National Woman's Rights Convention; she was the first married woman to keep her own name; she founded and helped edit for almost fifty years the famous "Woman's Journal." For a woman to do public work of whatever sort in these days calls for no extraordinary qualities. But to plunge into public life and to work for unpopular causes at a time when all the forces of law and religion and convention are armed-with bircks and clubs as well as with taunts- to prevent it, takes something more even than courage. Undoubtedly many of the early feminist leaders, in common with rebels and saints of other breeds, were moved by the leavening force of personal resentments and emotional instabilities. But it is impossible after reading this book to suspect Lucy Stone of any unholy hankering after martyrdom or revenge. She seems to have been happy, in love with her husband, devoted to her daughter and to all children, fond of the country, adn adept in all sorts of domestic work. She reveals a flicker of bitterness at the hard life her mother andured on the farm, and perhaps her own early encounters with masculine superiority in the person of her father lit small fires of revolt. But never does she betray hostility to men, singly os as a sex, even when newspapers referred to her as "you she-hyena" or when sticks were brandished over her head. She worked side by side with her husband and with other men and women, and seems to have been the personification of the "happy warrior." A description of one of her anti-slavery meetings gives amusing evidence of her manner and attitude: At that moment, the mob made a rush, and one of the ringleaders, a big man with a club in his hand, sprang up on the paltform. Lucy turned to him and said, without hesitation, "This genleman will take care of me." It touched his feelings, and he declared that he would. Taking her upon one arm, and holding his club in the other henad, he started to march her out through the mob. It remains for some writer less intimate and involved than a daughter to analyze the secret springs from which a woman like this draws the spirit of revolt. The books leaves one attracted and almost completely baffled by the apparently simple personality of Lucy Stone. NEW YORK HERALD TRIBUNE BOOKS, SUNDAY. SEPTEMBER 28, 1930. Leader of the Feminists LUCY STONE: PIONEER OF WOMAN'S RIGHTS. By Alice Stone Blackwell... Boston: Little, Brown and Company ... $3. Reviewed by FREDA KIRCHWEY SOME years ago a dinner of the Lucy Stone League in New York was attended by a distinguished woman whose memories carried her back without effort to the time when Lucy Stone herself was engaged in the pioneer work for women's rights. The dinner was serious enough in its purpose, but the atmosphere was worldly and the speeches were pitched in a key of levity and humorous impropriety. The lady who had known Lucy Stone listened to the proceeding with horror. She looked around at the audience of men and women, smoking, laughing, apllaufing, and, after one of the more flippant speakers han taken his seat, she said to her neighbor: "If dear Lucy knew of this performance, given in her name, she would turn over in her grave." The life of Lucy Stone, written by her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell, bears out this comment. Although Mrs. Stone was a leader in a dozen different wars, fought on as many issues, she was through it all a simple, unsophisticated, pious person. Her charm sprang from the warmth and vitality that animated her; not from humor or the alluting vagaries of a more complicated personality. It is quite certain that she must have suffered discomfort if her astral ears caught Heywood Broun's remarks, approving though they were, on woman's right to her private name. This book is a most dignified and succesful example of the filial biography. It is admiring without excess of sentiment or of eulogy. It is rich in facts and anecdotes, and it leans heavily on contemporary records. The quotations from letters by Lucy Stone and her husband, Henry B. Blackwell, contain many intimations of the quality of Mrs. Stone's mind and character. It is these personal revelations that most completely engage one. The story of her time-of the abolitionist movement, the struggle for education for women and their right to be heard in public, the long fight for the vote-this forms a familiar, if interesting and necessary background. But the story of one of the most striking women of that period has a fascination that is psychological rather than social. How did it happen that this particular country girl-obviously, and form internal evidence, a well balanced, feminine young person-left the ranks to ride almost alone at the head of the shock troops of the feminist movement? It appears that she had physical courage almost without limit, and intelligence, and a strong body. But these could have been exercised equally well on a farm and in the rearing of a large family, and if necessary might have overflowed into the traditional fields of church work or charity. Lucy, instead, even as a young child, chose to earn the money to buy school books that her father thought an unnecessary luxury for a girl; she spent nine years accumulating the funds necessary for a college education; she worked her way through the only college in the United States-Oberlin-that admitted women, and was the first Massachusetts woman to receive a degree; she organized, secretly, the first debating society among college girls; she refused to write a commencement address because the faculty ruled that a preofessor must appear on the platform and deliver it for her; she was among the first women to speak fot the abolition of negro slavery and for woman's rights, and she headed the call for the first National Woman's Rights Convention; she was the first married woman to keep her own name; she founded and helped edit for almost fifty years the famous "Woman's Journal." For a woman to do public work of whatever sort in these days calls for no extraordinary qualities. But to plunge into public life and to work for unpopular causes at a time when all the forces of law and religion and convention are armed-with bircks and clubs as well as with taunts- to prevent it, takes something more even than courage. Undoubtedly many of the early feminist leaders, in common with rebels and saints of other breeds, were moved by the leavening force of personal resentments and emotional instabilities. But it is impossible after reading this book to suspect Lucy Stone of any unholy hankering after martyrdom or revenge. She seems to have been happy, in love with her husband, devoted to her daughter and to all children, fond of the country, adn adept in all sorts of domestic work. She reveals a flicker of bitterness at the hard life her mother andured on the farm, and perhaps her own early encounters with masculine superiority in the person of her father lit small fires of revolt. But never does she betray hostility to men, singly os as a sex, even when newspapers referred to her as "you she-hyena" or when sticks were brandished over her head. She worked side by side with her husband and with other men and women, and seems to have been the personification of the "happy warrior." A description of one of her anti-slavery meetings gives amusing evidence of her manner and attitude: At that moment, the mob made a rush, and one of the ringleaders, a big man with a club in his hand, sprang up on the paltform. Lucy turned to him and said, without hesitation, "This genleman will take care of me." It touched his feelings, and he declared that he would. Taking her upon one arm, and holding his club in the other henad, he started to march her out through the mob. It remains for some writer less intimate and involved than a daughter to analyze the secret springs from which a woman like this draws the spirit of revolt. The books leaves one attracted and almost completely baffled by the apparently simple personality of Lucy Stone.12 PUBLIC LEDGER-PHILADELPHIA. TUESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 2, 1930 "Of Making Many Books-" By WALTER YUST "LUCY STONE was noteworhty for many things," says her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell, in her useful and entertaining life of her mother, "Lucy Stone: Pioneer of Woman's Rights," just published by Little Brown. And she has the facts to prove it. Nonetheless, those who remember Lucy Stone in this day and time (unless they are more deeply interested than in customary in the history of woman's slow emancipation in America) remember her vaguely as the founder of the Lucy Stone League, which she didn't found, and which she, if I read her story right would never have considered founding. (Not because she didn't approve of that woman who insisted on bearing her own name, but because, after all, in her busy life, the question of a woman's name mattered little enough in the face of larger problems and more immediate needs.) The Lucy Stone League, which still comes in for its measure of amiable ridicule, was founded twenty-eight years after the death of Lucy Stone. "It aims to promote the keeping of their own names by married women," explains Miss Blackwell, "and has done much able and energetic work to establish their right to do so. Its members generally retain the prefix 'Miss', their practice in this respect differing from that of Lucy Stone." When Miss Lucy Stone married she changed her name to Mrs. Lucy Stone, and Mrs. Stone was she called by her friends. It must be recalled that she was a young woman (born in 1818) in a day when men had a legal right to beat their wives, "with a reasonable instrument." (Miss Blackwell tells how Judge Butler, when charging a jury in a case of wifebeating, said: "Whitout undertakingto define exactly what a reasonable instrument is, I hold, gentlemen of the jury, that a stick not thicker than mu thumb come clearly within that description." "A committee of women," adds Miss Blackwell, "waited upon him the next day to learn th exact size of the Judge's thumb.") When Lucy Stone was a young woman, no university or college admitted women. There was no free public high school for girls. All a married woman's property and earnings belonged to her husband. Hubby controlled the children. He could will them away from the mother to strangers. A wife couldn't make a contract, couldn't sue or be sued, couldn't make a valid will without her husband's consent, "unless she left everything to him, in which case his consent was taken for granted." The learned professions were, of course, closed to women. Women did not speak in public; a hope on her part that she might could only have been a measure of her depravity. * * * Well, you couldn't blame Lucy, nor the few other women who preceded her and the many who followed in her footsteps. "She was the first Massachusetts woman to take a college degree," enumerates her daughter. "She was the 'morning star of the monan's rights movement,' lecturing for it, in the ten years from 1847 to 1857, to immense audiences all up and down the country . She headed the call for the firts National Woman's Rights Convention. She converted Susan B. Anthony and Julia Wrs Howe. She was the first married woman to keep her own name. She orgamized a nation-wide association in which those suffragists could work who did not to wish to have equal suffrage mixed up with free love and other estraneous questions. She founded and edited the Woman's Journal, of Boston, which was the principal woman suffrage newspaper of rhe United Stets for almost half a century." Her husband, Henry Browne Blackwell, was "the one man in America who devoted his life to securing equal rights for women." One of her sisters- in-law, Dr Elizabeth Blackwell, was the first woman in modern times to take a medical degree. (When Dr. Elizabeth died there were 7000 women physicians and surgeons in the United States. Lucy's other sister- in-law, the Rev. D.r Antoinette Brown Blackwell, was the first woman in the world to be ordained as a minister. (When Rev. D.r Antoinette Brown Blackwell died, there were more than 3000 women ministers and preachers in the United States.) How extraordinary the efforts of Lucy Stone and her colleagues bore fruit is clearly apparent from this illuminating book-which is not without its innals of defeat as well as victory, of hardship as well as failure. Lucy Stone's life was no bed of roses. She worked early and late, and often against the incredibly vindicate opposition of menfolk as well as womenfolk. The surprising fact to me is that Lucy Stone never lost her poise or her sweetness of character. She was a small woman with a round, happy face. Her tongue could be sharp as her mind was shrewd, but it could also be persuasive to a degree that not infrequently startled her enemies. She apparently never lost sight of her chose purpose- that of making a world better by emancipating the life of its women. She could speak in behalf of tmpernace; was a stern and effective advocate of abolition; but her chief fight was woman's rights and to that struggle she gave most of her thought and her energy. Her daughter's biography is an enriching memorial to a mother; and yet one feels that the bokk is no less true because a daughter has written is. Miss Blackwell's reverence for the service her mother rendered in behalf of women is not so overwhelming that she could be less than fair to Lucy Stone's own precise sense of realism. For Mrs. Stone was a realist no end. She never kidded herself, as the academician might say. And her daughter, as biographer, would seem to be as unwilling to be impertinent. * * * I like the book very much. It may be chalked down as another one of those effectiove books, done with a little irony and a little humor and considerable fact, which shows once agan the inexhaustible folly of man -men-in his anxiety to hold his own. Women in the News By Jane Dixon BORROWING from fiction is a useless extravagance for the biographer of pioneer women. "Lucy Stone," a biography by her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell, is the saga of a crusader fighting to extend the rights of women beyond the wilderness of the male predjudice, jealously and selfish fears of her time. When Lucy Stone was born in a hilltop farm near North Brookfield, Mass., all the states in the union, the laws of which were founded on the English common law, legalized the beating of a wife by her husband "with a reasonable instrument." "Reasonable" was interpreted as being "a stick not thicker than a man's thumb." All a married woman's property and earnings belonged to her husband. He had the sole control of the children while he lived and if he died before his wife, he could will them from their mother to strangers. A wife could not make a contract ora a valid will without her husband's signature, unless she left everything to him, in which case his consent was taken for granted. No college in the country accepted women students. A woman's education was considered complete when she could read her Bible and keep her household accounts. Women had no vote in affairs of either church or state. Against such injustices to women Lucy Stone was born to wage a warfare without fear and without compromise. Her victotries and defeats as told to this generation of freed women is a more fascinating adventure than the imaginations of the foremost writers of fiction have yet conjectured. Copyright, 1930. by The North American Newspaper Alliance. [*N. Y Herald-Tribune. Sept. 27, 1930*] BOOKS and OTHER THINGS By LEWIS GANNETT Rosy-Cheeked Reformer Lucy Stone was one of the wholesomest, happiest, altogether most normal and delightful reformes in the history of reform, and her daughter Alice Stone Blackwell has written in "Lucy Stone, Pioneer of Women's Rights" (Little, Brown) one of the directest and most satisfactory stories in the history of a filial biography. Just how this rosy-cheeked country girl became the apostle of women's rights remains a bit of a mistery-the mere fact taht her mother milked eight cows the night before Lucy was born does not quite explain it. But Lucy Stone's warm personality glows in these pages; and there are aspects of the life of this patron saint of femmism which will be a shock to some of the ardent modern practiotioners. Lucy kept her own name, but she called herself "Mrs." Stone; she would not trust her baby daughter toa nurse; to the end of her days she made her own yeast, bakes her own bread, was a famous cook, and, being dissatisfied with the commercial product, made her own soap. And it was only in 1983 that Lucy Stone died. But whay a gulf yawns between the days when this pretty, snubnosed girl converted Susan B. Anthony and Julia Ward Howe to the cause of women's suffrage apperas when one relizes that one of her sister-in-law was the first woman physician in America. When she died there were more tahn 7,000 women phisycians in the United States. THE WORK OF LUCY STONE A Talented Daughter Tells Of A Great Pioneer of Woman's Rights. LUCY STONE, PIONEER OF WOMAN'S RIGHTS, by Alice Stone Blackwell; Little, Brown & Co. 314pp. $3. It is well that the shelves devoted to biography are to have this life story of a greate pioneer of woman's rights told by her daughter. The story has been told before, but never so comprehensively or so adequately as in these pages. It is biorgaphy in the best of the good old traditions and though a daughter is writing of her mother there is admirable detachment and dignity in every chapter to supplement the intimacy that guarantees authority. The Massachusetts into which Lucy Stone was born, the eight of nine children more than a century ago, was ahead of its sister states in that it did not legalize wife beating. In fact Judge Sewell, away back in the 17th century, han obtained the passage of a law that "every married woman shall be free of bodily correction or stripes by her husband unless it be in his own defence." Otherwise women, in the eyes of the law, were not recognized as having any rights worth the name. A wife's property and earnings belonged to her husband; she could not make a contract; she had no control over her children while the husband lived; she could not make a will without her husband's consent, etc., etc. From her girldhood, and she became a school teacher at 16, Lucy Stone set herself to remedy those conditions with a force and vigor no less than dynamic, although it never submerged her beautiful and wholly feminine personality or dimmed her sense of bumor. She preceeded to be the first Massachusetts woman to win a college degree. She had to go to Oberlin in Ohio for it. With an eloquence and with a charm of voice and manner which won her converts when mere logic might have failed, she toured the country from 1847 to 1857 in behalf of the woman's rights movement, a cause to which she converted Susan B. Anthony and Julia Ward Howe, among others. She headed the call for the first national woman's rights convention. She founded and long edited the Woman's Journal of Boston, which was the principal woman's suffrage newspaper of the United States for half a century. SHe was the first married woman to keep her own name, though he married life was one of complete happiness. Lucy Stone, in pledging herself to the life-long work in behalf of her great idea, had vowed that she would never marry. She weakened in that resolution when Henry Browne Blackwell came into her life in 1853. She was then 35 and Mr. Blackwell, who had come to Boston from the middle West with a volume of poems for which he hoped to find a publisher, heard her speak at an anto-slavery meeting and at once made up his mind to marry her. He obtained a letter of introduction with that aim frankly in view and "after two years of arduous courtship they were married on May 1, 1855." Mr. Blackwell was a man of ability and was the one of his generation in America who took an active interest in obtaining equal rights for women. Their married life continued almost 40 [*Boston Herald. Oct. 4, 1930*] years. Lucy Stone died in 1893 and Mr. Blackwell in 1909, active in behalf of women suffrage to the end of his long life. Miss Blackwell, herself a militant crusader in many good causes, summarizes her narrative of her mother's remarkable carrer and her beautiful tribute to her father's work and qualities with this paragraph: "In the beginning, the movement for woman's rights seemed even more hopeless than the movement against slavery. Today the flag that Lucy Stone raised and that her husband and daughter tried to keep flying, floats on every breeze. Women are voting throughout most of the civilized world. But the warfare between the kingdom of darkness and the kingdom of light goes on without ceasing. Other great wrongs still remain. They seem as impregnably intrenched as the injustices that confronted Lucy Stone and Henry B. Blackwell in their youth; yet they are destined to go down, and the lives of the old worthies are a bugle call to the new generations to take up the fight against them, and, in the new times and under changed conditions, still to do their part to 'make the world better.'" Many Hardships of Lucy Stone, Woman's Rights Pioneer, Told "Lucy Stone" by Alice Stone Blackwell, (Little, Brown & Company, Boston). By MARY STEPHANIE McDERMOTT. One of the most unusual and courageous of Merican pioneers was a little person, weighing scarcely 100 pounds, named Lucy Stone. She was noteworthly for several reasons. She was the first woman in Massachusetts to take a college degree. She was the "morning star" of the woman's rights movement, lecturing to immense audiences up and down the country for ten years. She crusaded against slavery at a time when women lecturers were practically unheard of and were frowned upon as being almost indecent. And, as everyone knows, she was the first married woman to insist upon retaining her maiden name. Lucy Stone was born into a world which was not particularly friendly to women. [???? wife ???????ed] by the law as a mental incompetent, for she could make no contract; her children were legally the wards of their father alone; her earnings and her property belonged to her husband. Lucy came aware of these distressing facts very easly in life. One day while she was still a child, she read in the Bible the passage, "Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee." The little girl was filled with horror. Her mother counseled resignation, but Lucy never forgot her indignation. The present biography, of more tha usual interest becausa its author is Lucy Stone's daughter, tells in a graphic fashion of the almost incredible hardships which Lucy overcame in order to gain an education and the real dangers she braved in her speaking about the country. Here is pictured a most unusual character, a woman possessing indomitable courage, a level head, and spicy wit together with a kind heart and a genuinely unselfish modesty. Miss Blackwell has enriched her account with a wealth of incidents about not only Lucy Stone but also the verious other figures of the suffrage and anti-slavery causes. In spite of her admiration of her mother, she does not become sentimental but displays a sense of proportion and a quiet humor which make this book an admirable study of an unusual personality. ence from this departure from custom, except when the school franchise was yielded to women. Then the authorities refused to resister her under the name that was sufficient for her legal signature, and Lucy Stone never grasped the opportunity of depositing an abridged vote in an official ballot box. Quite necessary and properly, Miss Blackwell adds another, almost equal figure, to her biography, the figure of Henry B. Blackwell. Lucy Stone would never take his name, not did he wish it. But no more perfect union could have resulted. Lucy Stone died nearly forty years ago. Comparatively few, even of middle age, remember her distinctly, But "Doctor" Blackwell, as we used to call him, no doubt from his receipt of a college degree is well remembered by men not yet old. His patriarchal slight figure and his snow white beard as he appeared before legislative committee after legislative committee, his speeches on tariff reform before many State conventions, once at least drawing a reply from Senator Lodge, will come to hundreds of men who participated in Republican politics in the late nineties and early nineteen hundreds. For myself, I shall never forget some of the campaigns for a reciprocal tariff nominee, in which we were, jointly engaged. Once we were riding back from a neighboring town in company with our candidate, and in response to compliment on his happy, long and useful life, he spoke of his wife, her devotion, her encouragement, and the happiness she had brought him. There was a loyalty to her memory that was altogether lovely and affecting. Perhaps two person were never more ideally matched. Both were enthusiasts for the same causes, the rights of the slave and the rights are woman. Dr. Blackwell had in his younger day in Ohio been a strong fighter. The story of his taking a slave child brought into free territory out of the control of her recent owner in the train in which they were traveling, which Miss Blackwell tells, reveals the spirit of the man. This biography, one may say this joint biography, has its chief value because it shows how men and women marched on together and how the pioneers of a high faith like Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell were made of heroic stuff. Lucy Stone, whose life, by her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell, is reviewed in this issue (Little, Brown) Lucy Stone: Pioneer of Woman's Rights by Alice Stone Blackwell. 43. (Little, Brown.) It seems almost incredible, just to look at the face of Lucy Stone, that anything she started could have ended in molasses in pillar boxes. And her life bears out the impression. Womankind needed helping out, and Lucy Stone simply went about it, as in childhood she went about doing the washing when she felt that her mother wasn't equal to it. And the process as described by her daughter, gives the effect of perfectly natural development. It began on Aug.. 13, 1818, when having milked all the cows, her mother retired to give her eight child, and looking upon baby Lucy exclaimed: "Oh, dear! I am sorry it is a girl. A woman's life is so hard." And after being born the logical step was to get education. To be exact it was necessary that Lucy should learn Greek. Everyone quoted St. Paul to her about keeping silent in churches, and interpreted as meaning that the Bible was against public speaking for women. Lucy did not wish to disobey the Bible, but she made up her mind to investigate the translation. Nor was she surprised to find that probably all Saint Paul meant was that women mustn't chatter during the sermon. The hardest part was getting started. Her father refused to pay for schoolbooks. From 16 on, however, Lucy would teach a while, then study a while, and finally at the age of 27 she was in a financial position to enter Oberlin. Unlike Susan B. Anthony, Lucy Stone is said to have had no sense of humor. But her very literalness seems to have given added power to the intense conviction that made her a great speaker. Once in St. Louis, her tongue slipped and she found that she mentioned negro slavery. Her audience thought the reference intentional, but when she made see that it wasn't, they felt more friendly toward her than they had beforehand. And it seems also to have saved her from such missteps as Susan B. Anthony sometimes took. Her association for instance with the notorious George Francis Train, or the siren Victoria Woodhull. Or an imaginative statement such as Miss Anthony once made from the platform: namely, that Lucy Stone and Mr. Blackwell were not really married. Tho fortunately, as Miss Blackwell points out, Col. Higginson was there to jump up and say: "I married them myself." Altho written, as it was lived without blare of trumpets, Lucy Stone's life is one which for plain courage as well as for active heroism is enough to put that of any make warrior that I can think of at the moment to shame. The newspapers spoke of her as a dragon that needed slaying, and Miss Blackwell tells of more than one platform where she was in immediate danger from mob violence. But thru it all she remains fro the reader mos surprising and attractively feminine, from her Oberlin days of fresh dainty collars, thru her active lecturing life when little nieces and nephews found her returns delightful, down to her marriage, when the inhabitants of the beautiful house at Dorchester would rejoice whenever a departing cook put her temporarily at the kitchen stove. This is quite naturally a biography of the gentler sort. But it leaves one felling that even Paxton HIbben at his fieriest and most documentary would have had trouble "debunking" Lucy Stone. S.W. Books and Other Things By Lewis Gannett Rosy-Cheeked Reformer Lucy Stone was of the wholesomest, happiest, and delightful reformers in the history of reform, and her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell, has written in "Lucy Stone, Pioneer of Women's Rights" (Little, Brown) one of the directest and most satisfactory stories in the history of a filial biography. Just how this rosy-cheeked girl became the apostle of women's rights remains a bit of a mystery -- the mere fact that her mother milked eight cows the night before Lucy was born does not quite explain it. But Lucy Stone's warm personality glows in these page; and there are aspects of the life of this patron saint of feminism which will be a shock to some of the ardent modern practitioners. Lucy kept her own name, but she called herself "Mrs." Stone; she would not trust her baby daughter to a nurse; to the end of her days she made her own yeast, baked her own bread, was a famous cook, and, being satisfied with commercial product, made her own soap. And it was only in 1893 that Lucy Stone died. But what a gulf yawns between the days when this pretty, snubnosed girl converted Susan B. Anthony and Julia Ward Howe to the cause of women's suffrage appears when one realizes that one of her sisters-in-law was the first woman physician in America. When she died there were more than 7,000 women physicians in the United States. The Work of Lucy Stone A Talented Daughter Tells Of a Great Pioneer of Woman's Rights Lucy Stone, Pioneer of Woman's Rights, by Alice Stone Blackwell; Little, Brown & CO. 314 pp. $3 It is well that the shelves devoted to biography are to have this life story of a great pioneer of woman's rights told by her talented daughter. The story has been told before, but never so comprehensively or so adequately as in these pages. It is biography in the best of the old traditions and through a daughter is writing of her mother there is admiration detachment and dignity in every chapter to supplement the intimacy that guarantees authority. The Massachusetts into which Lucy Stone was born, the eighth of nine children, more than a century ago, was ahead of its sister states in that it did not legalize wife beating. In fact, Judge Sewell, away back in the 17th century, had obtained the passage of a law that "every married woman shall be free of bodily correction or stripes by her husband unless it be in his own defence." Otherwise women in the eyes of the law were not recognized as having any rights worth the name. A wife's property and earning belonged to her husband; she could not make a contract; she had no control over her children while the husband lived; she could not make a will without her husband's consent, etc...etc. From her girlhood, and she became a school teacher at 16, Lucy Stone set herself to remedy those conditions with a force and vigor not less than dynamic, although it never submerged her beautiful and wholly feminine personality or dimmed her sense of humor. She proceeded to be the first Massachusetts woman to win a college degree. She had to go to Oberlin in Ohio for it. With eloquence and with a charm of voice and manner which won her converts when mere logic might have failed, she toured the country from 1847 to 1857 in behalf of the woman's rights movement, a cause to which she converted Susan B. Anthony and Julia Ward Howe, among others. She headed the call for the first national woman's rights convention.. She founded and long edited the Woman's Journal of Boston, which was the principal woman's suffrage newspaper of the United States for half a century. She was the first married woman to keep her own name, though her married life was one of complete happiness. Lucy Stone in pledging herself to the life-long work in behalf of her great idea, had vowed that she would never marry. She weakened in that resolution when Henry Browne Blackwell came into her life in 1853. She was then 35 and Mr. Blackwell, who had come to Boston from the middle West with a volume of poems for which he had hoped to find a publisher, heard her speak at an anti-slavery meeting, and at once made up his mind to marry her. He obtained a letter of introduction with that aim frankly in view and "after two years of arduous courtship they were married on May 1, 1855." Mr. Blackwell was a man of ability and was the one man of his generation in America who took an active interest in obtaining equal rights for women. Their married life continued almost 40 years. Lucy Stone died in 1893 and Mr. Blackwell in 1909, active in behalf of women suffrage to the end of his long life. Miss Blackwell, herself, a militant crusader in many good causes, summarizes her narrative of her mother's remarkable career and her beautiful tribute to her father's work and qualities with this paragraph: "In the beginning, the movement for woman's rights seemed even more hopeless than the movement against slavery. Today the flag that Lucy Stone raised and that her husband and daughter tried to keep flying, floats on every breeze. Women are voting throughout most of the civilized world. But the warfare between the kingdom of darkness and the kingdom of light goes on without ceasing. Other great wrongs still remain. They seem impregnably intrenched as the injustices that confronted Lucy Stone and Henry B. Blackwell in their youth; yet they are destined to go down, and the lives of the old worthies are a bugle call to the new generation to take up the fight against them, and, in the new times and under changed conditions, still to do their part to 'make the world better.'" Boston Herald Oct. 4, 1930 Many Hardships of Lucy Stone, Woman's RIghts Pioneer "Lucy Stone" by Alice Stone Blackwell, (Little, Brown & Company, Boston). By Mary Stephanie Medermott. One of the most unusual and courageous of American pioneers was a little person, weighing scarcely 100 pounds, named Lucy Stone. She was noteworthy for several reasons. She was the first woman in Massachusetts to take a college degree. She was the "morning star" of the woman's rights movement, lecturing to immense audiences up and down the country for ten years. She crusaded against slavery at a time when women lecturers were particularly unheard of and were frowned upon as being almost indecent. And, as everyone knows, she was the first married woman to insist upon retaining her own maiden-name. Lucy Stone was born into a world which was not particularly friendly to women. A wife ? by the law as a mental incompetent, for she could make no contract; her children were legally the wards of their father alone; her earnings and property belonged to her husband. Lucy became aware of these distressing facts very in life. One day while she was still a child she read in the Bible the passage, "Thy desire shall be to thy husband and he shall rule over thee. " The little girl was filled with horror. Her mother counseled resignation, but Lucy never forgot her indignation. The present biography, of more than usual interest, because its author is Lucy Stone's daughter, tells in a graphic fashion of the almost incredible hardships which Lucy overcame in order to gain an education of the real dangers she braved in her speaking about the country. Here is pictured is a woman, possessing indomitable courage, a level head, and spicy wit together with a kind heart and a genuinely unselfish modesty. Miss Blackwell has enriched her accountant with a wealthy of incidents about not only Lucy Stone but also the various other figures of the suffrage and anti-slavery causes. In spite of her admiration of her mother, she does not become sentimental but displays a sense of proportion and a quiet human which make this book an admirable study of an unusual personality. life to the artist's genius for adapting means to end is a question which it clamors for discussion is too weighty to be even touched upon here. But as, in contrast to the lives of the eminent women already referred to and other who might be named, the technique she followed amounted to inspiration and served also to keep her from the rocks of waste and despair it will, I believe, for centuries to come invite the particular attention of persons interested in the science of the human soul. Side by side with the heroine through much of this book moves the chivalrous figure of her husband, Henry B. Blackwell, who devoted distinguished abilities and much of fortune to the furtherance of the woman movement: and toward the end we observe among the persons of the drama the potent little daughter Alice who grew up to be a champion of all that her parents had striven for and to be the author of this exquisite and revealing book which by virtue of its form and the story it imparts takes its place at once among the more characteristic of our American classics. Bertha Sullivan Papazian Women Behind the News By Jane Dixon Copyright, 1930, By the North American Newspaper Alliance Borrowing from fiction is a useless extravagance for the biographer of pioneer women. "Lucy Stone," a biography by her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell, is the saga of a crusade righting to extend the rights of women beyond the wilderness of the male prejudice, jealousy, and selfish fears of her time. When Lucy Stone was born in a hill top farm near North Brookfield, Mass., all states in the Union, the laws of which were founded on the English common law, legalized the beating of wife by her husband "with a reasonable instrument." "Reasonable" was interpreted as being "a stick no thicker than a man's thumb." All a married woman's property and earnings belonged to her husband. He had the solve control of the children while he lived and if he died before his wife he could will them from their mother to strangers. A wife could not make a contract without her husband's signature, unless she left everything else to him, in which case his consent was taken for granted. No college in the country accepted women students. A woman's education was considered complete when she could read her counts. Women had not vote in accounts. Women had no vote in affairs of either church or state. Against such injustices to women Lucy Stone was born to wage a warfare without fear an without compromise. Her victories and defeats as told to this generation of freed women is a more fascinating adventures than the imaginations of the foremost writers of fiction have yet conjectured. Winning Equality of Sexes "Lucy Stone, Pioneer of Woman's Rights," by Alice Stone Blackwell. 313 pages. Little, Brown & Co. Local interest attaches to the subject of this clearly and moderately written biography of a famous woman by her almost equally well-known daughter, since the former and her husband lived for many years in Orange and the latter was born there. Lucy Stone was notable for many things. She was the first Massachusetts woman to take a college degree. She was a zealous opponent of slavery. She was an active leader for decades in the movement to win equal right women, lecturing for it to immense audiences from 1847 to 1857. She headed the call for the First National Woman's Rights Convention. She converted Susan B. Anthony and Julia Ward Howe, and it was a report of the American convention, with an account of Mrs. Stone's active participation, that started a similar movement in England. She founded and edited The Women's Journal, the principal woman suffrage newspaper for almost half a century. Of course, Miss Blackwell also points out that "she was the first married woman to keep her own name." Her biography offers the opportunity for some odd illumination on this endeavor of Mrs. Stone to change the common Occidental folkway by which a woman alters her name on marriage that of a male, her father, to that of another male, her husband; Mrs. Stone wanted to keep that of the former male. Father and Husband As it happens, the father in this case was what one might call old-fashioned. He insisted on bringing into the house three old drunkards, who had been his schoolmates; they often quartered themselves on the family for long visits, and Mrs. Stone, with seven children to take care of, also had to cook for them and wash their clothes. Lucy as a child was so indignant at the inferior position that her mother and other mothers occupied that she contemplated suicide. When she was twelves years old, she saw her mother's health giving way under the hard work, and quietly undertook as many household burdens as possible. Her father did not believe in the education of women, and to obtain schoolbooks Lucy gathered nuts and berries. Lucy was not beautiful, but it was her father who said of her, "Lucy's face is like blacksmith's apron: it keeps off the sparks." When Lucy made up her mind to enter college, she was obliged to work for nine years to gather enough money -- without encouragements. Her husband, on the contrary, one of a splendid family of social reformers, whose sister was the first woman in modern times to take a medical degree, was a man of great ability and much personal charm, and eloquent speaker, a good writer, a fine singer, an active and capable man of business. He was full of energy and vivacity, and overflowed with fun. He had a kind heart and a most chivalrous disposition, an to the end of his long and useful life he was immediate advocate of all lost causes, the generous upholder of the weak and needy. But his wife chose to be known as her father's daughter rather than as her husband's wife, so far as nomenclature went. Miss Blackwell has given an excellent account of her mother's distinguished career, and publishes some new facts with regard to the dissension that at one time rent the woman suffrage party. Her pictures of the long struggle to win sex equality are vivid. New Jersey Residence As has been mentioned, for a considerable period, the Blackwells resided in this vicinity. Mr. Blackwell in a letter writes of a visit to friends at Belleville, described as "some three and a half miles north of Newark, on the Passaic River. A beautiful place, shaded by trees and overlooking the water." Later it became expedient for him to leave Cincinnati, and he and his wife finally found a cottage on Cone street, Orange, where Mrs. Stone worked vigorously at her household tasks. In 1858, in a dispute over a legal matter that interpreted as "taxation without representation" she allowed the household goods to be sold for taxes and won wide publicity with her ideas. The goods bought by friendly neighbor and returned to her. Fifty-seven years later, in 1915, a thousand suffragists crowded into the yard of the little in Orange to witness the unveiling by Miss Blackwell of a tablet in honor of Mrs. Stone's protest. Of Mrs. Stone in her old age in Massachusetts somebody said that she looked like "the grandmother of all good children." (Other reviews will be found in the magazine of this issue) "Lucy Stone, Pioneer of Woman's Rights," by Alice Stone Blackwell. Publishers, Little, Brown & Company. $3.00. The daughter of Lucy Stone, famous worker in the cause of anti-slavery and crusader for woman suffrage has written her mother's biography with a deep comprehension of that zeal which carried Lucy Stone forward through almost insurmountable obstacles, from a hilltop farm, through Oberlin College and through life. With indomitable pluck she determined to crusade publicly against slavery at a time when women lecturers were practically unheard of. She was the first married woman in America to insist on keeping her maiden name. She founded and edited the "Women's Journal" and was instrumental in securing many changes in laws relating to women. Black of all this dynamic force was a beautiful womanly personality, a rare sense of humor, which carried her through many disagreeable episode, an eloquence, a charm of voice and manner, which won her converts when mere logic and argument might have failed. " I have not succeeded in getting a new subscriber to the Bulletin," writes Alice Stone Blackwell, "but I will take a subscription myself for the librarian at Attleborough, Mass. I like the Bulletin so much." (Miss Blackwell, by the way, is the author of a fascinating biography of her mother, Lucy Stone, famous pioneer for woman's rights. (Little, Brown & Co., $3.) Have you got yours? Mrs. Blackwell Recalls How Women in 'Bloomers' Braved Social Ostracism to Strike First Blow for Dress Reform The "freedom of the legs" enjoyed by the short-skirted girls of 1930 was won only after an 80-year struggle initiated by women who braved social ostracism in behalf of the cause of sartorial emancipation, Alice Stone Blackwell points out in a recently published volume. In "Lucy Stone, Pioneer of Woman's Rights" (Little, Brown), she recounts again the "battle of the bloomers" which created a far greater future in social Boston than even the more extreme of the new backless bathing suits. The bloomer came by its name in roundabout fashion. It was first contrived by Mrs. Elizabeth Smith Miller, the daughter of Gerrit Smith, a prominent abolitionist and a land-owner in western New York. HOW BLOOMER COSTUME WAS DESIGNED It is doubtful if Mrs. Miller, when she first got busy with scissors and thread, had any idea that her costume would be worn in city streets or would be used as the opening gun of a campaign of liberation. She was in the habit of taking long walks about her country home, and the ground-sweeping dresses, considered in those days an inseparable adjunct of feminine modesty, were often impaled upon shrubs and bushes. So she designed and made a practical outdoor costume. There was a small jacket, a full skirt descending a little below the knee, and the trousers down to the ankle. It was not built for beauty, but for comfort and convenience. Mrs. Miller was so pleased with her garden and walking costume that she wrote the editor of a woman's paper about it. Incidentally this was the first woman's paper in the country, entitled "The Lily." Mrs. Amelia Bloomer, editor of the paper, championed the new costume and gave it its first publicity. Henceforth, the skirt and trouser combination was called "bloomers," although many of its champions objected to the name, it stuck. About 1850 Lucy Stone, along with other pioneers, began to wear the bloomer costume. DIFFICULTIES OF PIONEERS "Lucy's first 'bloomer' was made for home use," writes Miss Blackwell. "After she had worn it for about a year, she declared that all her future dresses should be of that type. She was small and slight, and was one of the few women who looked well in it. But it was not half so ugly, upon any woman, as many of the hideous conventional styles of those days, which still amaze us as we look over the old-time fashion plates. "Soon after Lucy put on bloomers, there was some question whether she should be invited to speak at an anti-slavery convention, because of her unconventional costume. Wendell Phillips said, "Well, if Lucy Stone cannot speak at that meeting, in any decent dress that she chooses, I will not speak either." That settled it, for they could not do without him. "Some men were strong advocates of the hygienic dress. Mr. E.D. Draper of Hopedale, Mass., offered to give enough silk for a bloomer dress to any woman among his friends who would promise to wear it. Henry B. Blackwell said of the new costume: "When I first heard about it, it commended itself to my reason: but when I first saw it, I acknowledge my taste recoiled from the novelty. I felt a shock, in spite of myself, as a figure which seemed neither man nor woman approached me. But I feel so no longer." As a typical example of the public embarrassment to which the dress pioneers were subjected, Miss Stone told of a noon-hour journey to the postoffice in New York with Susan B. Anthony, both wearing the new costume. They were surrounded by men and boys who laughed and made faces at them. Their progress was blocked, until a passing acquaintance brought a carriage and rescued them. LAUGHED AT COSTUME At another time Miss Stone was asked to speak before the Nantucket Lyceum in place of a clergyman who could not keep his appointment. When the audience, who had expected to see a dignified clergyman, saw a young woman in a bloomer costume, they burst into laughter. But after they had recovered from their surprise they listened quietly and appeared to forget her clothes. This happened more than once when the magnetic Miss Stone addressed an audience. "The remark about women 'whose life is greater than their dress' recalls a curious incident," we read. "A man who had never met Lucy blamed her severely for wearing a bloomer. He went with his wife to hear her lecture. Afterwards his wife asked him what he thought of the bloomer dress. He insisted that Lucy had not worn a bloomer, and could with difficulty be convinced that she had. The impression made upon him by her personality had been so overwhelming tha it blotted out all remembrance of what she wore." The pressure brought to bear upon Miss Stone by some of her friends is showing in the following: CLOTHES A HINDRANCE "I was a Lucretia Mott's a few weeks ago, and her daughters took up a regular labor with me to make me abandon the dress. They said they would no go in the street with me, and when Grace Greenwood called, and others like her, I think it would have been a real relief to them if I had not been there." "Women are in bandage," said Miss Stone, summing up her feeling in the matter in a letter to Susan B. Anthony. "Their clothes are a great hindrance to their engaging in any business which will make them pecuniarily independent; and since the soul of womanhood can never be queenly and noble so long as it must be bread for its body, is it not better, even at the expense of a great deal of annoyance, that they shoes life deserves respect and is greater than their garments, should give an example by which woman may more easily work out her own emancipation?" Lucy Stone, whose graceful little figure appeared to advantage in "bloomers." Catherine Breshkovsky writes: Your book came yesterday, and the whole night, and today, and many, many days more, I shall remain under the charm of the fascinating so society in which you have introduced me. The epoch about which you tell is of such profound and brilliant interest, and you describe it in such real colors, that I feel myself among them, admiring and very much interested. What a group of people. Women especially. This book is the best monument that could be erected to the glory of your mother and her contemporaries. I shall read and reread this glorious work. How stupid people are who believe that a romance can compare with so brilliant a document, and so wonderfully set forth. I am under the charm of your book, and thank you for making me forget (if only for a time) the horrors that Russia is living through. Twelve years of torture, and oceans of blood...Your book has made me happy. It is a model of lucidity and charm of exposition. It is an historic document of profound value, and immortal. It depicts a whole epoch of mental and moral crisis throughout the country. Hon William Dudley Foulke writes: This book is entitled to the highest commendation. It conforms to all the standards of the best biographies. The requirements are that the subject of the narrative should be important as well as personally interesting; that the facts related should be true; that the treatment of them should be sympathetic; that the story should be vivid and lifelike; that the arrangement should be orderly, and that the book should be written in a clear and satisfactory literary style. Every one of these requirements has been admirable met in the biography of Lucy Stone. The story is vivid and lifelike to the last degree. It is written, no in the slap-dash manner of much contemporary literature but is in a style of absolute simplicity and directness perfectly luminous in its clearness to a degree that is hardly equally anywhere outside of the best French prose. It is an outstanding biography, and Miss Blackwell is greatly to be congratulated. 20 MRS. BARTLETT CRANE 1429 HILLCREST AVENUE KALAMAZOO MICHIGAN October 21st, 1930. My dear Alice Stone Blackwell:- Last night I sat up till one-thirty to finish an enthralling story -- "Lucy Stone, Pioneer Woman Suffragist." You have given us a wonderful portrait of a wonderful woman, truly great and as truly lovable. The only thing I regretted was that my conversion from a scoffing young thing to a devoted disciple wasn't mentioned -- but I do not hold it against. you, for you had so many vastly more important things to chronicle! I passed that book, together with you "Some Spanish-American Poets", over to my husband who was much interested. He thinks you must be almost as remarkable as your distinguished Mother and Father, to so such remarkable translations in such great number and to write such a thrilling Biography. Your Mother's voice was truly the most beautiful I ever heard in all my life. I am always comparing other beautiful voices with hers, but have never heard any so wonderful! I do cherish it as one of the very greatest of my life's privileges to have known her and even to have been a guest under her roof. I am so glad they have come back to "The Woman's Journal" for the name of the publication she and your Father founded. That is as it should be, and sheds more lustre on the present management than any new name could. I want to tell you how I admire the fine spirit in which you have dealt with some rather difficult situations. It seems to me that no one living or dead could be hurt by the dispassionate yet forthright statements you have made on points which ought to do down right in history. I am infinitely glad that you have done this labor of love for a truly great woman, and have done it so superlatively well. Always faithfully yours, Caroline Bartlett Brane The Morning Star of Woman's Rights It has been truly observed that the name of Lucy Stone, pioneer of the woman's rights movement, "is written forever in the annals of American history." And now comes a new story of her eventful life,* just published by Little, Brown, and Company, to give abundant confirmation to the fact of her greatness and unique service in the furtherance of human progress. This biography is written by her distinguished daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell, and furnishes not only thrilling descriptions of incidents and developments in the long fight for the freedom of women but also valuable insight into the personal character of Lucy Stone herself. Crusader for woman suffrage, ardent worker in the anti-slavery cause, forceful advocate of human freedom in every situation, the first Massachusetts woman to receive a college diploma, and the first married woman in America to insist on keeping her maiden name, Lucy Stone campaigned and lectured from one end of the country to the other with quenchless zeal and unanswerable arguments for the release of women from the chains that bound them. To read this life of the "morning star of the woman's rights movement" is to understand in large measure the whole reform in the United States; for it was and is in a very real sense the outward expression of the soul of Lucy Stone. But let no one thank that there was anything unwomanly about her. She was no shrieking reformer but a beautiful personality, charming in both voice and manner, who won her converts not only by the use of clear logic and sound argument but also by the expression of the spiritual qualities of her own inner life. The book is written in an exceedingly interesting style and contains letters and newspaper quotations that give the reader glimpses behind the scenes in the stormy days of the woman's right campaign. One lays down the volume with new faith in the power of the truth, and the conviction that humanity is indeed making progress along the hard, rough road to its higher destiny. *LUCY STONE, Pioneer of Woman's Rights. By Alice Stone Blackwell, Little, Brown, and Company: Boston. Price $2. net. [*Zion's Herald, Oct 8, 1930*] Lucy Stone Had Courage of Her Own and Queer Convictions Story of Life of Woman Who Left Impression On Fellow Women The day was when Lucy Stone's costume and "doings" were regarded as scandalous in Boston town. Today the greatness of her vision, the strength of her courage, and the beauty of her life are recognized. So the book by her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell, just published by Little, Brown & Company, comes as a welcome pen picture of this pioneer of woman's rights. It is hard to realize, in these recent days of short skirts and thin dresses, that a woman would be almost ruled out of court, so to speak - at least ruled out of polite society, because she wore dresses that came to her knees and underneath these, baggy pants that fell to her ankles, know at the time as bloomers. Thought Masculine It is even harder to realize that women were thought to be either types of masculinity, or horrible, because they sought to obtain higher education or entered into the occupations that were held sacred to mere man. Lucy Stone passed through those days. She developed her life to a fuller experience of womanhood in its freedom. She wrote and she lectured, and by her example she helped to wear away the chains that bound the females of a generation ago. Perhaps her most criticized action was when she refused to sink her own identity by adopting, with her marriage,, her husband's name. But Dr. Blackwell was a fine, gentle, lovable soul who also was blessed with vigorous determination, and strength of character, and breadth of vision. He fully agreed with his wife in that idiosyncrasy. Therefore, they lived happily ever after, and the world ultimately forgot to cavil. It was a wonderful life Lucy Stone lived,, calm and noble, and yet vigorous and active. Even in her last moments she still kept in mind her whole ambition to uplift woman to the equal of man in civic rights. Her story is, of course, sympathetically told by her daughter. But more than that it is well told in its completeness and in its justice. The reader sees the girl develop into a woman, and the woman develop into a leader and is held intensely interested in this portrayal of life and character. Had a Temper There are several anecdotes that will be read with much interest. For example, a tale that shows her own self- analyzing power in a most significant way: As a child she had a high temper. Once when Sarah had angered her, and Lucy was chasing her through the house, she caught sight in a looking glass of her own face, white with wrath. She said to herself, "That is the face of a murderer!" She went out and sat down on a stone behind the woodshed, and rocked herself to and fro, holding one bare foot in her hand and thinking how she could ever get the better of such a temper. She had an overwhelming sense that it was something which she must do alone; nobody could help her. She decided that when she was angry she must not speak; if she could refrain from breaking forth into such a flow of wrathful words, that would be the first step. She sat on the rock till it grew so dark that her mother called her in. From that time on, she set herself seriously to conquer her temper Her quick-acting brain is illustrated at an anti-slave meeting held in the open air on Cape Cod. Writes Mrs. Blackwell, "A mob gathered, looking so black and ugly, and so evidently meaning mischief, that the speakers one by one got down from the platform and quietly slipped away through the crowd, till only Lucy Stone and Stephen Foster were left. Those two never feared the face of man. She said to him, 'you better run, Stephen: they are coming!' He answered, 'But who will take care of you?' At that moment, the mob made a rush, and one of the ringleaders, a big many with a club in his hand, sprang up on the platform. Lucy turned to him and said, without hesitation, 'This gentleman will take care of me.' It touched his feelings and he declared that he would. Taking her upon one arm and holding his club in the other hand, he started to march her out through the mob, who were roughly handling Mr. Foster and such of the other speakers as they had been able to catch. On the way, she talked to him; and presently he mounted her on a stump and stood by her with his club while she addressed the mob. She made them so ashamed of themselves that they no only desisted from further violence, but took up a collection of $20 on the spot, to pay Mr. Foster for his coat, which they had torn in two from top to bottom, helf of them hauling him one way and half the other. [* 21 Boston Post Oct. 12, 1930*] Massachusetts girls going to college this fall would profit from reading the experiences of Lucy Stone as set forth in the biography of that pioneer feminist by her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell, of this city. When Lucy Stone, after years of school teaching to earn money for the purpose determined to win a college degree, she found that the only higher educational institution in the country which was willing to admit her was Oberlin out in Ohio. That was in 1843. The modern college girl will also note with interest that she was able to write home to her family that "the tuition and room rent is upwards of $16 per year." [*Boston Herald Oct. 21 1930*] The only higher educational institution which admitted women in 1843, when Lucy Stone determined to get an A.B. degree, was Oberlin Colleege, in Ohio. "The tuition and room rent," she wrote her family, according to Alice Stone Blackwell, in "Lucy Stone, Pioneer of Woman's Rights," is upwards of $16 per year." At that, Lucy Stone was so poor that she could not afford to write home very often (letter postage was 25 cents), so she used to send a newspaper to her family and mark in it the words or letters which formed her message. [*Cincinnati Enquirer*] The whole country was shaken to its roots last winter by the Harvard Scrubwomen Scandal, when a number of old women (who, having mopped up Harvard buildings for years, were ill-fitted to do anything else) were turned off and men hired in their places, presumably because under the law men could work for several cents less than the 30 or so an hour which the scrubwomen earned. Thus the university saved on each scrubwoman dismissed three or four cents an hour. Pathetic as the story is, it is dwarfed by the one told about Lucy Stone in the biography, "Lucy Stone: Pioneer of Woman's Rights," by Alice Stone Blackwell, to be published in late September. In 1847 Lucy Stone was graduated from Oberlin college (the only college which accepted women students at the time) after working her way through. One of the things she did was housework at the ladies' boarding hall--for three cents an hour. [*Atlantic City (N.J.) Press, Oct 12, 1930*] Lucy Stone: Pioneer of Woman's Rights, by Alice Stone Blackwell (Little Brown, $3). Official biography, by her daughter, of this famous crusader's trek from a hill- top farm, thru Oberlin College, and to fame as an anti-slavery worker and crusader for women's emancipation. [*Cleveland Press, Oct. 11, 1930] [*Hartford (Conn.) Courant, Oct. 26, 1930*] LUCY STONE: Pioneer of Women's Rights - By Alice Stone Blackwell: With Illustrations; Little Brown & Co., Boston, $3. As her devoted daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell, author of this stimulating memoir, states in the opening words of her preface--"Lucy Stone was noteworthy for many things"; and in none more so than in her balanced reasonableness of mind, the general sanity of her outlook on affair Mrs. Stanton and Miss Anthony, writes Miss Blackwell, in commenting on the unfortunate Woodhull-Claflin entanglement, had a--"generous but wrong-headed tendency to take up the cudgels for any woman who happened to be under fire, right or wrong"; but Lucy Stone had a wider vision hers was the catholic, rather than the provincial, intelligence. In her work for what she regarded as essential changes in the legal status of women, Lucy Stone worked with a steady, but controlled enthusiasm; in her personality she was utterly unlike the accepted popular conception of the "woman's rights supporter, being small in stature, quiet and persuasive in manner and blessed with that greatest of nature's good gifts, a sweet and appealing voice. This voice writes Miss Blackwell--"became famous. "It was so musical and delicious that those who had once listened to her, if they heard her speak a few years afterwards, on a railroad train or in a stagecoach where it was too dark to see faces, would say unhesitatingly-- "That is Lucy Stone!" Lucy Stone's marriage to Mr. Henry Blackwell, an argent advocate of suffrage for women, was entirely happy and, throughout her life Lucy Stone was a woman honored and respected even by her opponents and devotedly loved by her family and friends. Beside its vivid interest as an animated portrait of a noble woman who played an important part in our social history, Miss Blackwell's memoir or her distinguished mother has high value as a record of the activities of the suffrage supporters during the mid-years of the nineteenth century. Miss Blackwell's style is easy and animated and she possesses an excellent sense of literary values. [*N.Y. Times, Oct. 13, 1930*] Lucy Stone, Pioneer in the Women's Rights Movement LUCY STONE, by Alice Stone Blackwell. Illustrated. 313 pp. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. $3 IT seems rather a pity that the women who insist upon keeping their maiden names after their marriage have made of Lucy Stone a symbol of this form of cerebration and nothing else. It is about as fair as though the world remembered George Eliot or George Sand for their adoption of men's names and forgot everything else they've done. For certainly this pioneer of woman's rights deserves a better place in people's minds than a tag that more often than not brings forth a smile. With woman suffrage, one is led to beter of conjecture whether Lucy Stone herself would have continued belligerent on this subject. Judging from the present biography, written by her daughter, herself a notable figure in the history of woman suffrage, one is lead to believe that she was too sane and too wise a person to continue a fight long after its cause had been obliterated. Alice Stone Blackwell, now a woman over 70, has done an excellent job in portraying the life of her distinguashed mother. Praise she has for Lucy Stone, but she falls into no snare of adulation or sentimentality. True, the portrait lacks the rude lines that a person wholly unprejudiced might have been impelled to draw, but that is an omission inherent in this type of authorship. One is grateful to Miss Blackwell for a live sense of humor which permits her to quote incidents that a less kindly annotator would have fallen upon with avaricious delight. During Lucy Stone's active campaigning against slavery, for instance, she lay awake in anguish one night in Louisville hearing the bray of a donkey, something which, strangely enough, she had never heard before, mistaking it for the cry of a slave under the lash. Her youth and education make some of the most interesting chapters of her life. She was born on a farm near West Brookfield, Mass., in 1818. It is pleasant to remember that when her work was done, she died on a farm. Nothing there was in this vitriolic little person, weighing little over a hundred pounds, that smacked of the blare of city streets and raucous shoutings. Inspired by a cause, she shouldered its burdens, but it is clear that self-aggrandizement and self-glory played little part in her make-up. She fought when she had to; when belligerency served no purpose she retreated. The incident of the Bloomer dress is typical. Most of the women lecturing in woman's rights had adopted it as a convenient mode of apparel, consisting as it did of a short jacket, short skirts and trousers of the same material under them. The "pants" of the women aroused a vast amount of curiosity and amusement wherever they went and Lucy Stone, aware that the dress was hurting her more than helping her, comfortable as it was, gave it up. With rare good sense, she writes to Susan Anthony: I am annoyed to death by people who recognize me by my clothes, and when I get a seat in the car they will get a seat by me and bore me for a whole day with the stupidest stuff in the world. Much of that I should escape if I dressed like others. Her marriage to Henry Blackwell, active as an anti-slavery speaker and organizer, as well as a leader of the women's rights fight, brought forth a great deal of comment, mostly adverse and antagonistic. Many of her co-workers felt she was deserting the cause in assuming the obligations of a family. Those who considered her a freak and a menace were more than a little relieved that she had assumed the bonds which would silence her. Newspapers commented on the union none too kindly. "We understand," said The Washington Union, "that Mr. Blackwell, who last Fall assaulted a Southern lady and stole her slave has lately married Miss Lucy Stone. Justice, though sometimes tardy, never fails to overtake her victim." The assault referred to Blackwell's taking custody of a Negro slave child who was being transported over free territory. To what extent he was justified in his act is a matter of dispute but those were times when only by such measures could victories be gained. Miss Blackwell's biography is peppered with the names of many of the other men and women who made history at this period. Julia Ward Howe is there; so is March Livermore, Horace Greeley, Wendell Phillips, William Lloyd Garrison, Victoria Woodhull, Susan Anthony. One wishes, however, that the author had been less objective in her approach to them and in her mention of them. They fit into the picture as participants in causes rather than as individuals. Therein the biography is weak. Lucy Stone, however, stands out as a complete person. [*Christian Science Monitor, Oct. 21, 1930*] A Biography of Lucy Stone Lucy Stone, by Alice Stone Blackwell, Boston; Little, Brown. $3. IT IS fortunate that the long-awaited biography of Lucy Stone should have been written by one sufficiently close to that courageous pioneer to give a correct interpretation of her character and aims, one at the same time sufficiently experienced as a writer to maintain the perspective which makes for a readable book. Alice Stone Blackwell was more than a daughter to Lucy and Henry B. Blackwell. She was a confidante and a companion in their efforts to improve the legal and political standing of women. And now she has ably acquitted herself in the task of assembling the facts and circumstances which reveal those two vivid personalities to present-day readers. Gentle and retiring by nature, Lucy Stone was so convinced of the righteousness of two great causes, the emancipation of women and the freedom of the slaves, that she faced audiences which abused her and even threw vegetables and stones at her. Mr. Blackwell's brace championship of the same causes probably was a determining factor in changing Lucy Stone's determination not to marry, and together the two talked and wrote, worked and sacrificed until gradually respect and victory replaced abuse and contumely. Miss Blackwell touches on some of the dark pages in suffrage history, the causes for division between the two groups headed on the one hand by Lucy Stone and on the other by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton; but she does this briefly and evidently from the conviction that it is an essential part of the record of events. Then she tells the happier story of the Woman's Journal for which Mr. Blackwell presented the first $1000, and Lucy Stone trudged miles to ask for advertisements. Altogether the book is a valuable and important document in the history of American womanhood. It has the added distinction of being capably and interestingly written. [*Portland (Me.) News Nov. 9 1930*] 23 Life of a Remarkable Woman LUCY STONE, by Alice Stone Blackwell Little, Brown. $3. 313 pp. Reviewed by EMMA W. MOSELY A remarkable tribute from a remarkable daughter to a remarkable mother; a tribute which few women would have the ability to pay even though they had the same material with which to work. The life of Lucy Stone in this volume covers the period from the time when women were not allowed to speak in church or to have a vote in church matters; when there were no suffrage associations; when there was legalized wife beating, when the father of the family had full rights over his children, having the sole control of them while he lived, and if he died before his wife the right to will his children away from their mother. All a married woman's property and earning belonged to her husband. She could not make a contract, sue or be sued, and could not make a valid will without her husband's consent, unless she willed everything to him. It takes the reader to the time of Lucy Stone's death, Oct. 18, 1893. The world upon which Lucy Stone opened her eyes Aug. 13, 1818, was a vastly different world from the world of today. Women of this century, with their women's clubs, their right to a voice in public matters, their right to a seat in Legislatures, find it hard to vision the days of Lucy Stone's birth. Her mother, when told of the sex of the new born child, said, "Oh, dear, I am sorry it is a girl; a woman's life is so hard." But Lucy Stone changed all that. She intended to study and study she did. At that time colleges frowned upon women and Lucy's father did not approve of her desire to go on with her studies. But she persisted, and today all womanhood pays tribute to this wonderful woman. She fought against slavery, she fought for woman's rights at the time it took physical as well as moral courage. When she was lecturing against slavery, abolitionists were mobbed and sometimes murdered, and she faced the gravest dangers. She carried on, however. Being simple and unaffected, yet with the ability to sway her audiences by her eloquence, she accomplished a great work, and when she began her work for women the anti-slavery society was unwilling to give her up. When she started to work for women's rights she had no cooperation and no backing but was absolutely alone. She lived, however, to see a great National organization making a strenuous fight for woman's suffrage. Her lectures did much to stimulate an interest in the movement. At the close of the anti-slavery convention in Boston in the Spring of 1850 it was announced that those interested in the National Woman's Rights Convention would meet in the ante room. Nine women responded, among them were Lucy Stone, Abby Kelley Foster, Paulina Wright Dave, Eliza J. Kenney, secretary of the anti-slavery society, Mrs. Eliza Taft of Dedham, Mrs. Dora Taft, a daughter of Father Taylor of the Seamen's Bethel, and Dr. Harriot K. Hunt, a practicing physician on Green Street, Boston, who had been paying her taxes under protest for years. These women decided that it was time something was done for women as well as for Negroes, so they planned a convention. The book "Lucy Stone" is really a brief history of woman suffrage association, as well as a brief story of the anti-slavery movement. It is well written and shows Lucy Stone's home life, as well as her public life. It is one of the finest contributions to the literature regarding the work of women that has yet appeared. Four Women Who Achieved Greatly "Madam de Maintenon" - Maud Crutwell - E.P. Dutton & Company. "Lucy Stone" - Alice Stone Blackwell - Little, Brown & Company. "The Conqueror's Lady" - Stella Burke May - Farrar & Rinehart. "Unveiled" - Selma Ekrem - Ives, Washburn, Inc. When Maud Crutwell wrote of Madame de Maintenon that she had "something of the dominating force...to which we have given the vague name of genius," she might have been writing of anyone of all of these four women, whose lives were so widely varied, whose achievements were so different, whose personalities were so diverse. For every one of the four had that dominating force, that impelling personality which achieved. And when Lucy Stone's mother, who had milked eight cows at her hillside farm the night before Lucy was born, sighed when she heard her baby was a girl, "Oh, dear! I am sorry...A woman's life is so hard!" she might have been sighing for any one or all of the four. All four had hard lives, though they were born in entirely different times and entirely different classes, and each one of the four did something to make woman's life in general less hard. Madame de Maintenon is one of the great enigmas of history. She has been cursed by her contemporaries and reviled by her biographers. She is called a religious despot, an all-powerful dictatress, a magnificent influence Lucy Stone on the fate of France. Yet this biographer presents her as a paragon of honesty, loyalty and magnanimity, simple, straightforward, charitable, a saint "whose sole ambitions were to convert her king and alleviate the misery caused by his wars." Whether one agrees that Madame de Maintenon was all good or all bad, or believes that perhaps she occupied a more middle ground in the virtues, at least one can agree with her biographer that to her influence is due the "one noble work in a reign otherwise consecrated to lust, luxury and bloodshed." Miss Crutwell paints a picture of the woman at the height of her favor with the king hurrying from the splendor and gaiety of the court to a bare barn to minister to the wants, "spiritual and physical, of dirty little peasants." Madame de Maintenon had dreamed of starting an institution for girls of good family, suffering from misfortune and poverty, a place where they would not have to accept humiliating charity, a home where they would learn lessons of purity and kindness and so impregnate France with these ideals and purify the whole atmosphere of the country. Madame de Maintenon had a special genius for teaching, and this she gave full play in the school she started in the barn, the school which with Louis' aid became the famous institution of Saint-Cyr, the crowning glory of Madame de Maintenon's fantastic Maintenon career. She was born in prison and she became a king's wife, but it was her "talent for educating" that made it possible for her to accomplish something worthwhile. Far different from that of Madame de Maintenon was the life of Lucy Stone, the pioneer of woman's rights. She was born on a little hillside farm in Massachusetts and her zeal carried her forward over almost insurmountable obstacles. Her life story is here presented by the daughter of this famous worker in the cause of anti-slavery and crusader for women's rights. Lucy Stone has been called "the morning star of the [women's rights] movement." She crusaded publicly against slavery when women lecturers were practically unheard of,she was the first married woman in America to insist on keeping her maiden name, she founded and edited the Woman's Journal, the principal woman suffrage newspaper in the United States for almost half a century; she headed the call for the first national woman's rights convention, she was the first Massachusetts woman to take a college degree. Her life in its own way was as colorful as that of [Selma] Ekrem Madame de Maintenon. She found more freedom both for herself and others than the French woman could have dreamed possible. Lucy Stone was born in the days when no college or university admitted women, when not a single free public high school for girls was in existence, when a husband had the legal right in most states to beat his wife, when all a married woman's property and earnings belonged to her husband, when he could will her children away from her to strangers, when all learned professions were closed to women, when the first merchant to employ a saleswoman was boycotted by the men and remonstrated with by women, when it was considered unwomanly even to write for publication. The hard brave work of Lucy Stone did much to change this and her biography by her daughter is well worth reading for the homely picture it paints of American life and the colorful picture it gives of one brave American woman. Ines Suarez was of a still different type. Her achievements may not be considered as valuable in some respects as those of Lucy Stone but she did act bravely, heroically in the days when men were the heroes and women the chattels. Ines Suarez was the Spanish girl who followed across the sea a man she had seen but twice and fired by a heroic passion to conquer strange lands and stranger people. She was the heroine of the long march across South America and with Pedro de Valdivia, whose mistress she was, she conquered, colonized and Christianized. Unlike Madame de Maintenon, she has not been villified by historians, she has simply been ignored. Her present biographer has given us her dramatic story, a story never before told save in documents. She rode her white horse to victory with that little army of 170 Spanish soldiers who conquered the most warlike Indians in the western hemisphere and took possession of Chile in the name of God and of Charles the Fifth of Spain. Her coat of mail was whitened by the dust of the desert and her sword stained with the blood of the conquered, but history has been content to dismiss her with a line. But her contemporaries, the men who rode with her and her lover on that journey of conquest, the Indians who were beaten, said that it was her spirit, her valour that was responsible for the white man's victory. She it was who made it possible for her to say, "It is a safe land now for Spain and the women of Spain." It is a far cry from that 16th century Joan of Arc to a little Turkish girl of today but in the spirit of Selma Ekrem, whose autobiography we are given in "Unveiled," is much of that same quality which inspired these others. The daring of wearing a hat instead of a veil in Turkey may seem slights beside the deeds of Lucy Stone or the conquests of Ines Suarez, but when this Turkish girl dared to do that she was in danger of prison every moment. It was her chief gesture in her fight to win freedom for Turkish women. Hadije Selma Ekrem is a member of one of the most distinguished families in Turkey. Her father has been governor of Jerusalem and of the Aegean Islands and is now a professor in the university of Stamboul. The girl's story of the children of old Stamboul, of the four wars through which she went, one, as a prisoner of Greece, are interesting, but far more fascinating is her tale of her revolt against the tyrrany which held Turkish women in bondage. "Women could not work if they belonged to the higher classes, women could not enjoy themselves, women could not live," she says. "Their fate was to sit behind lattices and curtains and peer at life with a sigh." But that was before Selma and her contemporaries grew defiant. Now Turkish women have found freedom and Selma is moving on to new freedom in America. Boston University School of Education 29 Exeter Street Boston, Mass. Dec. 2, 1930 My dear Miss Blackwell: During thepast week I have read with great interest your biography of your mother. It hardly seems possible that suffrage should have had such obstacles to overcome as she had. And through it all she kept her balance and sound sense. Writing this biography must have been not only a work of love but also one of pride in having such an inheritance. I was glad to read in the book of the substantial part played by your father in the same reforms. It was a rare partnership. You have done us all a real service in recording the lives and influence of these noble people. Sincerely [August Wise?]THE GOLD OF OPHIR COME FROM ZIMBABWE? Location of the ruined city in Southern Rhodesia The same as those in the 'Sun Temple' of the Phoeni- [?] Cmesa, Syria. [?ther] argument for the Ophir theory, it may be men- [?at] the present population 400 ancient Jewish customs and branch tribes show a strong Semitie strain." CRIMINAL TWINS IDENTICAL TWINS, SOMETIMES CALLED uniovular, [?ase] they arise from a single egg, often resemble each [?] strikingly; not only in appearance, but in peculiarities bad temper. Prof. Johannes Lange, of Munieh, tells us [?] such twin shows criminal tendencies, these are likely in other also. In a recent monograph entitled [?als] Schicksal (delinquency as destiny). Professor [?eavors] to determine whether heredity or environment [?ponderating] casual factor. Says The British Medical [?] a notice of this work: [?al] or uniocular twins are alike in appearance, and the [?deavors] to show that their reactions and nervous dis- [?] likewise similar. In his notes we find instances of tow living some distance apart, who both fell sic at the [?] and were operated on for appendicitis, and also of [?ere] petty swindlers and simultaneously became bald, [?abetic]. Finally, the author lays down that, in twins, [?ce] in life's events is due to similar hereditary factors, [?ordance] implies their absence. From prison records selected thirty pairs of twins, thirteen uniovular, and binovular, one of whom at least in each had been In ten cases among the thirteen uniovular twins, the also been convicted; but among the seventeen binovu- [?his] had only happened in two cases, and in these two [?r] casual factors were clearly traced, Concentrating [?ion] on the ten cases of uniovular twins, Professor [?es] full records, demonstrating their concordance in behavior. The hereditary factor in criminality is from the observation that 77 per cent. concordance uniovular as against 12 per cent. in binovular twins. [?r] estimates the other convicted brothers of uniovular [?bout] 1 in 4, of binovular as 1 in 8.5. and quotes Viern- stein's observations in Straubing prison on the ordinary convicted brothers of prisoners as 1 in 12. He holds that if criminality is a compulsory matter, the result of laws we can not withstand, there is no right to punish in the narrow sense. Security of the com- munity is the aim of punishment, altho not realized in the means. He advocates improved after-care, and, more pressing still, restriction of alcohol; early recognition of delinquents though better criminal study; and prophylaxis through genetic measures in preventing individuals with active criminal heredity from being born. The Bavarian research is a sound start, but deeper and wider knowledge is needed for its completion." [?mon]. 22 For the king [?ith] the navy of Giram: [?e] navy of Tarshish, [?y], and apes, and pea- exceeded all the kinds wisdom. -[?]. Kings, [?LOMON'S] GOLDThe Jewish Daily Forward First in the Field of Foreign Language Media [in Hebrew] Service Department BOSTON 80 TRANSLATION FAMOUS AMERICAN SUFFRAGETTE PORTRAYED BY HER DAUGHTER - A PROMINENT PERSONALITY. Lucy Stone, one of the first suffragettes in America. - Her husband and her daughter. - Her remarkable character. - How she carried on her work for equality. by Hilel Rogoff This is a true translation from the original, which appeared in the Jewish Daily Forward on: Sunday October 19, 1930 The name Lucy Stone is well known to the great American masses, as belonging to the first woman to refuse to accept her husband's name after marriage. Her maiden name was Lucy Stone, and Lucy Stone it remained the forty years of her married life. There is now in existence a women's organization which calls itself, "The Lucy Stone League" and the members thereof follow her principle of not changing their name after marriage. This single well known fact about Lucy Stone, creates the impression in many minds, that she must have been some sort of crank, a fanatic, a woman with prejudices against the male sex, a woman with few womanly attributes and a deep desire to appear more manly. The "Forward" is one of the chief educational influences of Jewish families. No other newspaper exercises such a monopoly on the mind content of its readers. This, however, is not the case. Among the group of women that carried on during the past century the fight for women's rights in America, Mrs. Lucy Stone was the most tender, the most motherly, the womanliest. She did not possess even one trait of the conventional suffragette type. To the contrary, she was even old-fashioned in her ideas about love and marriage, and was of a romantic dispoisition. She loved children, and children loved her. She loved to do housework and cared for her home herself, despite the fact that her husband was rather well-to-do. At the same time she was one of the bravest fighters for the rights of women. As a matter of fact she was the woman who started the suffragist movement in America. There were at that time many men and women who talked about the rights of women, and demanded justice for the fair sex. -2- She however, did not contend herself merely with talking. She began to do. And by her activity she inspired women to organize, to muster on the field of battle, and wage war for their rights. A biography of Lucy Stone, written by her daughter, Alic Stone Blackwell, has just been published. The authoress is herself a famous fighter for the rights of women and for all that is progressive and just. She too, is a renowned writer and speaker. Incidently it must be noted, that the whole Blackwell family may be associated with the fight for freedom and justice in America. Mr. Blackwell, the husband of Lucy Stone, devoted his whole life to the cause of the negro slaves, and fought for their emancipation. He also participated in the women's suffrage movement, which was led by his wife. His brothers and sisters were also intimately connected with all movements aiming for the relief of the oppressed and wronged. The book is not merely the biography of Lucy Stone. In it are portrayed a whole gallery of men and women who were active in the women's suffrage movement, and a wealth of highly interesting anecdotes in connection with all the battles for freedom in which these people played such an important role. These episodes give the reader a moving picture of the sentiments in the country at that time, both in regards to negro slavery and the rights of women. And reading these episodes you wonder how it happened that the negroes were finally emancipated, and women eventually won their rights. These events show that only a very small group of the "better minds" in this country took sides for the negroes, and that an even smaller group believed that women were entitled to the same liberties and rights enjoyed by men. The masses looked upon these valiant fighters as upon a group of cranks, and very often the masses even treated them as lunatics and fanatics, that is, as the mob treats such people. Very often their meetings were broken up by a raging mob. And it was not seldom that one speaking in behalf of the slaves, or for rights of women, nearly paid with his life. Mrs. Lucy Stone, as she is portrayed by her daughter, was possessed of a remarkable character. The chief trait in her character was her determination to do what she considered just and necessary. She believed that to take up arms in behalf of the wrong and oppressed is our prime duty to humanity. As a young girl she had decided never to marry, because she thought that family life would interfere with her social activities. Several young men proposed to her. Many of them really liked her, and under normal circumstances, she would have surely married young. She however, rejected all these proposals, and told everyone that she will remain a spinster. She married when she was some thirty odd years old. Mr. Blackwell, her husband was seven years younger than she, and he courted her for several years. She too, liked him very much, and yet, she rejected-- 3 -- his proposal, repeating her original motive. Finally she consented to marry him, but this only after she was firmly convinced that her prospective husband is no less devoted to the "cause" than she, and is as ready as she to bring his sacrifice, and that, should she marry him, they will be better able to work for the movement together, than if each worked alone. In various parts of the book, the authoress depicts scenes of the life of the family. The love of her father for his wife was ideal. He simply adored her. She was his example and inspiration in all he did, and she too, had great respect for him. In spite of the fact that they were always occupied with writing, lecturing, and various other organizational activity, they were devoted to their home and family. The authoress tells us further that she, (the only child that they had) was fondled by her parents with the warmest love. They watched over her and raised her in their spirit, and in such a manner that she intensely loved all that they did. By their devotion for her, and by their manner they enthused her for the work in which they were so interested. One of the most interesting chapters in the book, is the very first, in which the authoress gives a short pen-sketch of the role that women played in America some on hundred years ago, when Lucy Stone was still a child. Women of that day had practically no personal rights. Before she married, a woman belonged to her parents; after her marriage, she was the property of her husband. Authority over the children was vested entirely in the father. The wife had to fulfill her husband's every wish, and if he so desired, the husband had a legal right to beat his wife, the only provision by law was that the stick he used, should not be thicker than his thumb. With few exceptions, no woman was admitted to any trade, nor were women admitted to college. A woman could not study for any profession, and she was prohibited from appearing on a public platform, even though the audience may have been composed entirely of women. Lucy Stone revolted against the unjust treatment of women when she was still a child. She had already then asked questions about why a woman should be worse off than a man. She had already then protested against this injustice. And at that early age she decided to devote her entire life to this battle for the emancipation of women. - 4 - She led the battle personally. She didn't depend on organizations; nor did she wait until the laws will be changed. She did what she considered was her moral duty, and she was very little concerned with the criticism and condemnation of those around her. She simply forced her way into a college, and was the first woman in America to receive a college diploma. She mounted a public platform as a lecturer, and compelled her audience to listen to her. She was the first not to change her name after marriage. Moreover, before she married she made a written contract with her future husband, in which was set forth that in all matters she should have an equal right and the same authority as he. She lead the fight by her own example. She did not delay and wait for later. She already then acted according to the dictates of her principles and called all other women to do likewise. In the history of thewomen's suffrage movement in America, Lucy Stone undoubtedly takes first place, and reading her daughter's book, you understand why that is so, and you agree, that she most certainly deserves this exalted honor. BOOKMAN FEB 1931 LUCY STONE by Alice Stone Blackwell (LITTLE, BROWN. $3.00) ALICE STONE BLACKWELL, daughter of Lucy Stone, has written a biography of her distinguished mother, the heroic little New England woman who was a pioneer of woman's rights in America, and who did as much as any other single individual to secure woman suffrage and a more equable adjustment of the legislation governing women. The tone of the biography is naturally eulogistic, but the reader will feel in this circumstance neither prejudice nor over-emphasis. It would be hard for even the most dispassionate commentator to write otherwise than generously of Lucy Stone, the gentle, unassuming, indomitable woman who adhered so firmly and pleasantly to her principles, and who was first in so many causes - first woman in Massachusetts to take a college degree, first woman in her generation to make a profession of public speaking, first woman to insist upon retaining her maiden name in marriage, first woman to have incorporated in her marriage ceremony a provision for equality of property and guardianship rights as between husband and wife. Better Homes & Gardens Feb 1931 Another and very different leader has just been all too scantily drawn for us by her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell. Couldn't we endow this book, Lucy Stone, (Little, Brown & Company, $3), and place it as required reading in the hands of a few hundred thousand of our debonair young femininities, who assume the burden of undergraduate responsibility so lightheartedly? "During her first year (at Oberlin College) she taught in the preparatory department two hours a day, for 12 1/2 cents an hour and did housework in the Ladies Boarding Hall at 3 cents an hour....She put her Greek book up in a little rack where she could consult it, and as she wiped the dishes she stepped back and forth between the dishpan and the book learning her Greek, line by line. ...She cooked her food in her own room, boarding herself for less than 50 cents a week."[*N.Y. Sun. N.Y. Sun Nov. 3, 1930*] The Book of the Day The Story of Lucy Stone, Militant Abolitionist and Suffragist. Great reformers, like poets, are born, not made. A born reformer, finding the way into Utopia, would unquestionably perceive in that imaginary ideal land conditions calling for change and amelioration. Perhaps the strength and also the unpopularity of the reformer are due to the fact that, almost invariably, a slight scratching of the skin reveals some passionate inconsistency, of which the subject is serenely unconscious. Take the case of Lucy Stone, the story of whose work, first in the anti-slavery movement, and later in behalf of her sex, is told by her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell, in "Lucy Stone, Pioneer of Women's Rights" (Boston. Little, Brown & Co. $3). Lucy Stone was a great reformer, hotly rebellious against injustices and inequalities. Her adoption of the bloomer costume at one time was one expression of her life- long spirit of revolt. She held any criticism of it to be unwarrantable intrusion. Yet as a girl in Oberlin College she was highly censorious of the perfectly innocent dress of her friend, Antoinette Brown, who, incidentally, became the first woman minister to be ordained in America. She was blind to inconsistency, and that was one side of Lucy Stone. *** Yet, fundamentally she was right; always, or nearly always, right. Any one who, from the point of view of 1930, surveys the disabilities under which women lived one hundred years ago, is inclined to rub the eyes. A husband's legal right to beat his wife was qualified only by the words, "with a reasonable instrument"; and a learned judge, charging the jury in a case of wife-beating said: "Without undertaking to define exactly what a reasonable instrument is, I hold that a stick no thicker than my thumb comes clearly with that description." A committee of women waited upon him the next day to learn the exact size of the judge's thumb. All a married woman's property and earnings belonged to her husband. He had the sole control of the children while he lived, and, if he died before her, he could will them away from their mother to strangers. A wife had hardly more legal rights than a minor child. She could not make a contract, could not sue or be sued, and could not make a valid will without her husband's consent, unless she left everything to him, in which case his consent was taken for granted. Public opinion was even a harder master than the law. No college or university admitted women. There was not a single public high school for girls. All the education thought needed was enough to read her Bible and keep her accounts. Naturally all the learned professions were closed. Women who had their living to earn were limited to a very few poorly paid occupations. When a merchant first employed a saleswoman, the men boycotted his store, and the women remonstrated earnestly with him on the sin of placing a young woman in a position of such "publicity" behind a counter. *** No direct influence contributed to stir the fires of rebellion in Lucy Stone's young heart; her father was a kindly man in all his domestic relations; and her mother, though conscious that a woman's lot was hard, accepted it gently as the curse of Eve, and preached dutiful submission. But Lucy, born to revolt, recoiled from the Bible when she came upon the words: "Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee." For a time she was in despair. Then she made up her mind to go to college, study Greek and Hebrew, read the Bible in the original and satisfy herself as to whether such texts were correctly translated. A direct aftermath of that ambition was an adventure of 1853, when she was thirty-five years of age, and already famous by virtue of her activities and her lecture tours. Traveling by river boat on the Ohio she fell in with a heckling minister who demanded of her how she could possibly get over the scriptural text which says that a woman should not speak in public. He admonished her to look into these matters more; to study the scriptures more thoroughly. "I have studied them in their original," she said. "I have read them in Greek and can translate them for you." Had a thunderbolt fallen at the reverend's feet he could not have looked more astounded when she went on to say that the Greek verb, which is falsely rendered "speak," should be rendered "gabble." *** To acquire the money to enter Oberlin, the first college to admit women, Lucy Stone had to save up for nine years. At that, though the college furnished students board at $1 a week, she could not afford it, and during most of her first year she cooked her food in her own room, boarding herself for less than 50 cents a week. The whole expense of her journey from her home in Massachusetts to the Ohio institution was $16.65. When she wished to communicate with her family she made use of an economical device of the time. Letter postage was then 25 cents, so it was common to send a newspaper instead, and to dot words or letters which formed a message. Even Oberlin, with its advanced ideas, objected to women speaking from a platform when it was shared by men. Lucy, teaching while studying, wanted to lecture her scholars, and thus learn to lecture publicly. "I hoped," she wrote to her mother, "when I came to Oberlin that the course of study would permit such practice, but I was never in a place where women are so rigidly taught that they must not speak in public." Teaching itself was subject to astonishing limitations. Negro men, densely ignorant and fresh from slavery, by way of the underground railway, still thought it beneath their dignity to be taught by a woman. *** It was at Oberlin that Lucy seems first to have conceived the idea with which her posthumous celebrity is chiefly associated, that a married woman ought to keep her own name. She hotly debated the point with one of her professors. Years were to elapse before she put her belief to practical application. She was 37 when, in 1855, she married Henry B. Blackwell, seven years her junior. The word "obey" was, of course, omitted from the service, read by the Rev. Thomas Wentworth Higginson, and the ceremony was followed by a joint protest from bride and groom, publicly issued, against the unjust laws governing the marriage relation. Lucy was a personage in the land and comments on the match were many and varied. Harriet Beecher Stowe, who had known Henry for years, was amazed at his marriage to the serious and earnest reformer. She said: "Is it possible that that wild boy has married Lucy Stone?" But Henry himself had been something of a militant reformer. A Washington paper maliciously commented: "We understand that Mr. Blackwell, who last fall assaulted a Southern lady and stole her slave, has lately married Miss Lucy Stone. Justice, though sometimes tardy, never fails to overtake her victim." *** Press ridicule, being advertising, did not greatly disturb Lucy Stone. Apparently she rather enjoyed the attacks, recording that one paper called her a "she hyena," and another pictured her as being "found in a barroom smoking a cigar and swearing like a trooper." More troublesome were the physical annoyances; pepper was burned and all sorts of devices were used to break up her meetings; hoodlums tried to howl her down, a hymn book was hurled at her head, she was drenched with water. She was expelled from her own church-- the West Brookfield Church. The pulpit denounced her, thundering quotation from St. Paul. Reactionary opposition long persisted. When a minister in Malden was asked to give notice of a lecture by Mrs. Stone he held the notice up before his face and said: "I am requested by Mr. Mowry to say that a hen will undertake to crow like a cock at the town hall this afternoon at 5 o'clock. Anybody who wants to hear that kind of music will, of course, attending. That was late in Lucy's life. On another occasion, when Mrs. Stone, Mrs. Livermore and Mrs. Howe were to speak, it was announced that the "three old crows" would be heard. But bravely and defiantly Lucy fought through. She did not live to see or even clearly to foresee the Nineteenth Amendment. It was on the Fourteenth Amendment, which proposed to guarantee to all citizens, irrespective of color, the equal rights, privileges and immunities of citizens, that she pinned her faith. But there was a restriction. In that amendment the word "male" was for the first time introduced into the Federal Constitution. With her husband Lucy went to Washington to plead that the word be left out. [*33*] WHAT OTHERS SAY OF THE BIOGRAPHY OF LUCY STONE "It is biography in the best of the good old traditions, and though a daughter is writing of her mother, there is admirable detachment and dignity in every chapter to supplement the intimacy that guarantees authority." Boston Herald "This biography, one may say this joint biography, has its chief value because it shows how men and women marched together and how the pioneers of a high faith like Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell were made of heroic stuff." Boston Transcript "No suffragist can afford to imagine that she knows suffrage history in this country until she reads this book. From cover to cover she will sit spellbound over it." Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt "It is fine and inspiring. I shall pass it on to the girls in our school as an example of what can be accomplished by earnest enthusiasm and devotion to a cause. I am very glad that you have given this book to all of us, and especially to the younger generation." Lucy Wheelock "This book is a most dignified and successful example of the filial biography. It is rich in facts and anecdotes, and it leans heavily on contemporary records. The story of one of the most striking women of that period has sa fascination that is psychological rather than social." New York Herald Tribune. Her daughter's biography is an enriching memorial to her mother; and yet one feels that the book is no less true because a daughter has written it." Philadelphia Public Ledger. "The outstanding significance of the book lies in the facts it contributes to our hitherto much too scanty knowledge of the private life and character of Lucy Stone." Unity, Chicago. "Lucy Stone was one of the wholesomest, happiest, altogether most normal and delightful reformers in the history of reform, and her daughter has written one of the directest and most satisfactory stories in the history of filial biography." Lewis Gannett "A noble and beautiful book." Charlotte Perkins Gilman "It is a model of lucidity and charm. I shall read and re-read this glorious work." Catherine Breshkovsky. "I cannot speak too highly of the portraiture of both the mother and father of Miss Blackwell." Anna Garlin Spencer "I have dived heart-deep into it and find it fascinating." Olive Tilford Dargan "The story is moving, splendid, lovable, human. I hope every club woman will find in it the inspiration and enjoyment I have." Mrs. Azel A. Packard "The story is vivid and lifelike to the last degree. It is written in a style of absolute simplicity and directness, perfectly luminous in its clearness, to a degree that is hardly equalled anywhere outside of the best French [press] [*prose*]. It is an outstanding biography." Hon. William Dudley Foulke. "It is a prize volume of biography. It should be in every live library." George W. Coleman [*Sent out by a committee of the Mass. League of Women Voters in November, 1930*] A HOOSIER' LISTENING POST [*1930 Indianapolis Star Nov 17] BY KATE MILNER RABB Reading recently an account of Lucy Stone's lecture in Indianapolis in the fifties and the charm she exerted, even in the ugly bloomer costume, over an audience, many of whom had gone to scoff, so that the papers contained enthusiastic accounts of her lecture and some of her admirers even emulated Silas Wegg and "dropped into poetry," lends interest to a review sent this paper by William Dudley Foulke of Richmond, Ind., of a life of Lucy Stone, just published, written by her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell. The interest is enhanced by the fact that Mr. Foulke knew Lucy Stone. "I had been quite intimately associated with her in the eighties of the last century," he says, "and had been for some years the president of the American Woman's Suffrage Association, of which she, her husband, Henry B. Blackwell, and Julia Ward Howe, were the leading spirits. Indeed, I was in that position when the two organizations, the National and American, merged in the present organization, the National American, in 1891, and I delivered the valedictory on behalf of the American. The book is really an extraordinary one." +++ Lucy Stone was born in Massachusetts in 1818. Mr. Foulke enumerates the wrongs of women at this time. "In most states (not in Massachusetts) a husband had a right to beat his wife with a stick 'no thicker than the judge's thumb;' a married woman's property and earnings belonged to her husband; he had the sole control of the children and could will them away from their mother to strangers; a wife could not make a contract, could not sue or be sued, nor could she make a valid will without her husband's consent. When she died, her husband had the life use of all her real estate, if they ever had a child born alive, while she had the use of only one third of his real estate and could stay only forty days in their dwelling without paying rent. When a merchant first employed a saleswoman the men boycotted his store and the women remonstrated earnestly with him on the sin of placing a young woman in a position of such 'publicity' as behind a counter. There were no organizations of women except in the church sewing circles. All the learned professions were closed to them. Even to write for publication was thought unwomanly. +++ Early rebelling against this unfair tyranny, Lucy Stone resolved to make her life work the changing of laws against women, but she received little help at home. "Her father did not like to buy school books for her." says Mr. Foulke, "he thought them quite superfluous for a girl, so she gathered chestnuts and berries and sold them and bought books for herself. When her father heard of her wish to go to college, he said in all seriousness, 'Is the child crazy?'" Borrowing money of her father, paid back when she began to teach school, she made her way through Oberlin college. She was enraged when in 1837 a group of Congregationalist ministers issued a pastoral letter in their churches warning them against letting women speak in public. This would open the way "to degeneracy and ruin." She was to be still more enraged at Oberlin college when she was not allowed to debate in public. "She was appointed to deliver a commencement address," says Mr. Foulke, "but as the addresses prepared by the women students had to be read by a man, she declined to prepare one and she afterwards wrote of Oberlin: 'I never was in a place where women were so rigidly taught that they must not speak in public." +++ Mr. Foulke reviews at length the account of her public lectures on woman's rights, of her marriage to Henry B. Blackwell, and of her many distinguished associates in her work. Of the two associations, the American under the leadership of herself and her husband, Julia Ward Howe, and Mrs. Livermore, and the National Association headed by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, he is particularly fitted to speak and gives some details of their organization and of their union in 1891. +++ The following paragraph indicates Mr. Foulke's breadth of view. "It will not be necessary for us all to believe that the bloomer costume adopted for some years by Lucy Stone was not unwise in arousing prejudices during that Victorian period though no one would greatly criticize such costume today. It may further be doubted whether Lucy Stone's insistence on retaining her own name after marriage did not entail more distress and unpopularity than the outcome warranted. She was perfectly logical in regarding the assumption of her husband's name as a symbol of suspending her own personality and therefore wrong, but how many symbols of that kind have persisted without substantial injury! Are the people of England less free when by an ancient fiction they declare themselves the subjects of his Majesty? People may have quite different views on these subordinate subjects who can not fail to recognize in the career of Lucy Stone and her husband a heroic devotion to a high ideal ultimately successful, and in this biography the creation of a worthy memorial." January 23, 1931 THE WOMA THE STORY OF A PIONEER Lucy Stone seems to have been the real authentic pioneer of feminism in the U.S.A. There was nothing of the Mary Wollstoncroft about her. She produced no philosophy of feminism; indeed one gathers from her recently published biography1 that her feminist views were embodied in three speeches which she made over the length and breadth of the U.S.A. during her fighting years. Yet she made those speeches with such ferocity of conviction and such charm of manner, that her pilgrimage became a triumphal progress; her name, a war cry. It must be confessed that she is a somewhat shadowy figure, as she passes through the pages of her daughter's biographical chronicle. For all the heroism and excitement which it records, there is an essential and unescapable taint of commonplace about the work of Lucy Stone's daughter and biographer. Something has escaped it. Its feet move ever upon the hard ground. And doubtless the sane citizen of an enlightened age may reply: that is where feet ought to be. During its earlier years the life of Lucy Stone shaped itself along lines which have become familiar to us through the media of other contemporary biographies. There was the country background of homestead, family, and domestic labour; unluxurious, independent, and pervadingly religious; the growing revolt against sex domination and race domination: luxuriant twin growths from the fruitful soil of protestant Christianity; college life intertwined with money-getting labour: primitive "rough-neck" college life which compensated by its stimulus to character for all that it must have lacked in intellectual finesse; thereafter, much lecturing, much teaching, and an ever-increasing hardening of resolve fed and nourished not only by the ceaseless friction of an all-pervading patriarchal anti-feminism, but by the hot battles of the anti-slavery movement in the years before the Civil War. How much American feminism owes to the schooling in revolt which its pioneers received through the abolitionist movement, the perusal of a selection of their biographies will amply show. Thus it was that Lucy Stone, with her marvellous speaking voice, her uncompromising belief in equal rights and opportunities, her readiness to go her own way in the teeth of opposition and ridicule, and her singular charm and simplicity of manner, became the first recognized champion of American feminism. It was perhaps this quite peculiar readiness to act alone in the teeth of public opinion and the reiterated precepts of St. Paul which led her into one startling, but in our own opinion wholly relevant, by-path of feminism. In 1850 she became convinced that the impediments to female emancipation were physical as well as social, economic, political, and legal--- and that not the least irksome of a woman's shackles was the voluminous long skirt which current fashion decreed for everyday wear. Accordingly she adopted---and a few of her fellow- workers adopted---what was know as the Bloomer costume--- a short full skirt to the knee, worn over trousers descending to the ankle. It was supremely comfortable, wholly modest, but unfortunately for its wearers, wildly unconventional. The chapter in which Miss Alice Stone Blackwell records the result of this experiment is one of the most interesting and instructive chapters of her book. Lucy Stone fought for her short skirt with the tenacity which characterized all her fights. She was mobbed in the streets, exhorted by her friends and well-wishers, deserted by her fellow-workers. In 1854 she was beaten. "Don't suffer martyrdom over a short dress, or anything else that can be prevented," wrote a friend and fellow pioneer. In words that every woman of to-day should take to heart, her biographer sums up this one dismal failure of a triumphant career: "Now, nearly eighty years later, a shift of fashion has given women the freedom that the pioneers strove so hard to win for them without success. It is to be hoped that they will never go back to the old bondage." There are moments when we feel that women are not really worth fighting for! M.D.S. --- 1 Lucy Stone, Pioneer of Women' s Rights, by Alice Stone Blackwell. (Little, Brown & Co., Boston. $3.00 net.) [*American Mercury , December 1930*] THE LIBRARY BY H. L. MENCKEN A Primeval Uplifter LUCY STONE: Pioneer of Woman's Rights, by Alice Stone Blackwell. $3. 8 1/8 x 5 3/8; 313 pp. Boston: Little, Brown & Company. IF THIS biography is a shade partial the fact is surely not surprising, for Miss Blackwell is not only Lucy Stone's daughter but also a firm believer in all of the reforms that she advocated, excluding, I believe, Prohibition. Indeed, it would be natural for any biographer who knew Lucy Stone to be her advocate, for despite the touch of acid that always goes with the passion to serve, she must have been a piquant and charming woman, and so it is no wonder that the handsome Henry B. Blackwell fell violently in love with her, and pursued her all over the nation with amatory epistles in the best Victorian manner, and then married her triumphantly and spent the next thirty-eight years squiring her about, and admiring her vastly, and unearthing new evils for her to put down. Henry was himself a reformer of no mean technique, but his main business in life was acting as herald and manager for his wife. When, in his old age, she left him a widower, "he had," as his daughter naively puts it, "more leisure than in former years." In her heyday he must have been busy indeed, for she had a hand in every reform that engaged the country between 1835 and 1890, and of most of them she was a leader, always on the go. She began her melodramatic tours in stage-coaches and canal-boats, and if she lived a few years longer she would have ended them in automobiles and airships. When she first set up her booth reform was a dismal business. The gentlemen who pursued it all arrayed themselves in the contemporary garb of ministers of the Gospel, with white neckclothes, plug hats and long-tailed coats. Two-thirds of them shaved their upper lips and wore their beards in the manner of Dunkard elders. They avoided alcohol save to counteract snake bites and the night air, and pronounced their anathema upon smoking, though some of them stealthily chewed. As for the ladies of the movement, they wore black bombazine over crinolines, and spoke of themselves, very delicately, as females. Their virtue was of a granitic, almost a basaltic character. Traveling alone, as they sometimes had to do to save the world, they wrapped themselves in ten or fifteen petticoats, and offered silent prayers to God. When one of them, united in holy marriage to one of the chin-bearded brethren, honored him with offspring the event became a national indecorum; just how it was achieved remains unknown, indeed, to this day. Life in that age was real and earnest, and sensuous indulgence was not its goal. The ideal was a world devoted exclusively to moral indignation. Upon such scenes the saucy Lucy Stone burst with paralyzing effect. She was a pink-cheeked little county girl with a turned-up nose, and it is impossible to believe, as her daughter heroically hints, that she was not pretty. A daguerreotype of the 40's gives the lie to that judgment. It shows a young woman who was pretty indeed-- not in the florid, Hollywoodian fashion of today, but in the sedater but just as dangerous 506 [*more*] THE AMERICAN MERCURY 508 manner of those times. Beaux began to lurk about the home of West Brookfield, Mass., before she was well into her teens, and by the time she set off for Oberlin to wolf the whole corpus of human wisdom she was the belle of the countryside. The Oberlin professors, though all of them were dour reformers, at once discovered another charm: Lucy had a low-pitched and very agreeable voice. So they made an orator of her, and presently she was on the stump, whooping for Abolition and woman's rights. No greater knock-out, as the vaudevillians used to say, has ever been recorded in the annals of the uplift. Mobs that fell upon the male reformers with horrible yells, pulling off their coattails and uprooting their chinners, received lovely Lucy with loud huzzahs, and listened to her politely to the end. Often she would make a speech against slavery, and then launch straightway into another for temperance, female emancipation, or some other such fantastic novelty of the day. But no matter what she denounced or advocated, the gallery was with her, and when she finished one harangue it was always ready for another. Miss Blackwell tells her story in a clear and interesting manner, and incidentally throws some new light upon the history of the woman's suffrage movement in the United States. As everyone knows, it split into two halves in 1869 and for more than a generation thereafter it was represented by two distinct national associations and published two national organs. The schism was due in part to Susan B. Anthony's weakness for such clownish allies as Victoria C. Woodhull and Citizen George Francis Train, and in part to Elizabeth Cady Stanton's tolerance of the extremer sort of radicals, including even Stephen Pearl Andrews, who believed that marriage ought to be abolished, and that a few superior men in every community should be told off to become the fathers of all its children. Such doctrines greatly outraged Lucy Stone, who, despite her refusal to use her husband's name and her three years' experiment with bloomers, remained a high-toned Christian women at heart, and she was also opposed to the monkey-shines of Train and La Woodhull. So the movement divided, and for years the suffragettes belabored one another almost as fiercely as they belabored the antis. But all the while Jahveh Himself was watching over them, and they triumphed everywhere in the end, and brought in the millennium that we now enjoy. Lucy herself lived to see it, though most of her old allies, by that time, were dead. She reigned in her last years as the mother superior and cherished museum piece of all the suffragettes, and was greatly honored and respected. It is marvellous to observe the success of all the reforms that she advocated. Slavery has been abolished in the South, and the meanest Afroamerican in Arkansas or South Carolina now basks in the sunlight of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, to say nothing of the Bill of Rights. In his choice between working hard and saying nothing or pressing his views and getting lynched he is as free as the King of England. Even the whites down there are now liberated: a citizen of Jackson, Miss., may choose freely between believing in Genesis and having his house burned down, and the lowest linthead in a Georgia cotton-mill may quit whenever he pleases, and starve at his will. Meanwhile, Prohibition is everywhere in force, North, East, South and West, and all the evils of rum have been obliterated. So also, international peace has come into effect, and the nations no longer suspect one another and prepare for battle. Finally, the human female has been emancipated and her vote has purged our politics of evil; nay, she has promoted herself from voter to stateswoman, and in the person of such idealistic sisters as Ma Ferguson and Ma McCormick she has shown the male some varieties of Service that he never thought of. All these great reforms Lucy Stone advocated in her day, tramping up and down the highways of the land. Other females derided her, but she hoped on. Where is her monument, reaching upward to the stars? For one, I believe that it is too long delayed. LUCY STONE: PIONEER OF WOMAN'S RIGHTS. By ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. Little, Brown & Company, Boston. Price, $3. Having achieved their main objective and some subsidiary ones, the leaders of the woman's suffrage movement in America have abundant reason for congratulation. But the originators of the movement were "in perils oft," and had the most difficult time to get it under way in the face of prejudice, ridicule, indifference, open hostility, secret sapping and mining, opposition of church people, politicians, and business and professional men--in fact the forces of the enemy attacked the little band of pioneers in the struggle for woman's rights from every quarter with a bitterness that was almost diabolical, and a persistence that was unworthy of American manhood. Foremost in that little group of undaunted pioneers was Lucy Stone--a name that will shine with increasing splendor in the records of high achievement for humanity. This volume, prepared by her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell, tells the story of her wonderful life. She was born 112 years ago, when "no college or university admitted women; there was not a single free public high school for girls; it was the general belief that all the education a woman needed was enough to enable her to read her Bible, and keep her household accounts and that any attempt to give her more would spoil her for a wife and mother." What amazing advance, as far as woman is concerned, has been made in the century that has passed since Lucy Stone read the pastoral letter of the Congregational ministers of Massachusetts, warning their people "against discussing slavery and especially against letting woman speak in public" - and Lucy Stone was responsible for a large measure of this progress. Her "indignation blazed" when the pastoral letter was read in the churches, and it did not cease until the emancipation of women in America became a legal fact. Christian Advocate Dec 18-3038 January 1 1931] (15) The Christian Register Books Lucy Stone LUCY STONE, PIONEER OF WOMAN'S RIGHTS. By Alice Stone Blackwell. Boston: Little, Brown & Company. $3.00 This biography of Lucy Stone is not merely the life of an individual woman. Rather is it the story of the whole pioneering crusade for the recognition of woman's right to the responsibilities of citizenship, to an education, to enter into the professions, and to take up gainful occupations. Into the book are introduced leaders like Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, the Grimke sisters, Abby Kelley Foster, Rev. Antoinette L. Brown, who was the first woman to be ordained to the ministry, and many others. Lucy Stone was a flaming soul, who, from childhood to the grave, never lost her zeal for causes which she held to be just. Even in death she was a pioneer; for in accordance with her instructions, her body was cremated - the first cremation to take place in New England. Yet she was gentle and womanly, an ideal wife, mother, and home-maker. Her personality and general bearing were a constant surprise to those who expected to find a woman with a strident voice and general masculinity in type. Notwithstanding the opposition of her father to college training for girls, Lucy Stone set her face in that direction. If women secured education and the right to speak in public, they could win everything else for themselves, she believed. When her father would not buy her a textbook, she went out into the woods barefooted and gathered and sold chestnuts to pay for it herself. Such resolution was characteristic of her entire life. After long saving, she accumulated enough money to enter Mt. Holyoke Seminary, but was presently obliged to return home because of the death of a sister. It required nine years for her to save a sufficient sum to enter college. The college was Oberlin, at that time, the only one which drew no line on sex or color. Lacking money for a stateroom to make the trip, she slept stretched on the deck floor among the horses. Miss Stone entered Oberlin in 1843; two years after the first woman in the country had received an A.B. degree, and was the first Massachusetts woman to receive this degree. The first debating society ever organized by girls was formed under her leadership. Lucy Stone began her lecturing for woman's rights in her brother's church in Gardner, Mass., in 1847. At the outset she was a lecturer for the Anti-Slavery Society, but soon her appeal for equal rights for man and woman absorbed most of her lectures. Those who heard her - even though they were prejudiced unfavorably before the opening of her meetings - were charmed and moved by her extraordinary eloquence, the fervor of her conviction, and her power over her audiences. A pioneer in protesting against the surrender of a woman's name for that of her husband at marriage - which she never did - Lucy Stone's first protest was made while she was a girl at college. When in 1853 she became the wife of Henry B. Blackwell, always a sympathetic co-worker, it was Mr. Blackwell who suggested the protest against existing marriage laws which they issued - a protest which attained wide fame. He wished to renounce all privileges conferred by law which were not mutual to husband and wife. The marriage ceremony was performed by Col. Thomas Wentworth Higginson, pastor of the Unitarian Church in Worcester, Mass.; and her obsequies took place in Boston at the Church of the Disciples, with eleven hundred people in the church and in the street. Dr. Charles G. Ames was the minister. One must read for oneself the stirring story of her fight for woman suffrage as it is so interestingly and sympathetically told by her daughter. The privileged woman of to-day, taking so casually the advantages which are hers, should read of the pioneering work done by Lucy Stone and her friends which, by incredibly slow steps and against what odds, helped to win for the modern woman the rights she now enjoys. J.E.D. N Y Herald-Tribune MAY 5 1931 Old-Fashioned Biography at Its Best The biography choice was obvious and right. Henry Jamess life of President Eliot, of Harvard (Houghton Mifflin), was the inevitable choice for "the best American Biography teaching patriotic and unselfish services." It was a superbly honest and discriminating biography of a great man with great limitations. Mr. James could write of "therepetitive, monotonous, unoriginal soundness" of the old cedar- post's expressions on public subjects; he could smile at Eliot's belief that it was unfair for a football team to aim its attack at the weak point in its opponent's line; but he gave full appreciation to the granite integrity of the man who was, even in his heterodoxies, perhaps the greatest and most typical spokesman of Nineteenth-century Boston; and he discovered in the secret record a tenderness of which the world knew little. There could hardly have been any other choice, though Robinson's "Thomas B. Reed, Parliamentarian" (Dodd, Mead), Stephenson's "Nelson W. Aldrich" (Scribner's) and Alice Stone Blackwell's "Lucy Stone" (Little, Brown), might all stand comparison with some previous winners. Owen Wister's "Roosevelt" (Macmillan), might have been honored on the ground [that?] it is good autobiography. LUCY STONE La hermosa obra literaria- biografica de Alice Stone Blackwell Hace poco tiempo llego a nuestras manos una recopilacion de poesias de autores latinoamericanos traducidas al ingles por la inteligente escritora americana Alice Stone; mas tarde nos sorprendio gratamente el recibo de otra interesante obra de esta joven y gentil autora. Es esta un tomo de la biografia de Lucy Stone Pioneer of Woman's Rihts, impresa en el idioma ingles y elegantemente encuadernada, contando entre sus paginas con ocho magnificos grabados. La "Little Browon et Company", Publishers and Booksellers, de Boston, casa editora de esta como de la anterior obra literaria de la Srta. Stone, se ha anotado un brilliante triunfo con la publacacion de la misma, pues sin duda ninguna institucion femenina del mundo dejara de apreciar este libro que habla de la vida y la obra de una mujer luchadora, vida y obra que comenta y recopila otra mujer de grandes meritos intelectuales. Quizas printo LA MUJER de a la publicidad algunos capitulos traducidos al castellano de la biograpfia de Lucy Stone, cuyo envio agradece infinitamente a la autora. La Mujer, Havana, Cuba, June 15, 1931 BOSTONIA: THE BOSTON UNIVERSITY ALUMNI MAGAZINE 39 THE SCARLET AND WHITE BOOK SHELF Lucy STone, Pioneer of Woman's RIghts By Alice Stone Blackwell, '81 Miss Blackwell's book, one of the outstanding works of biography of 1930, is not only a delightful biography of her illustrious mother, but also of her distinguished father, both of whom devoted their entire lives to the emancipation of women from fetters that were traditional, and from prejudice so inured in the hearts and minds of society in general as to make any attempt whatever to alter the status of women by according them more liberty, seem absurd. This is the theme that, like that in some musical orchestration, is predominant throughout the book, yet intermingled with arias that throw notable light on many other reforms and reformers. What memories do not the mention of the Brook Farm and the thought of a cooperative colony of congenial friends and the experiments in agriculture and education call up! And the Prohibition party, the oldest of the minor parties, standing, regardless of success, for idealism; a party recruited chiefly from irreconcilables who have demanded the prohibition of intoxicating liquors as the chief end to be accomplished by government action. At times the party espoused other reforms such as woman suffrage, uniform marriage and divorce laws, antipolygamy laws, civil service reforms and the direct election of senators and the president, all movements despite their irreproachable characters as regards morality, unquestionably unpopular as regards the sentiment of the great majority. The greatest of the moral questions during the nineteenth century which the people were called upon to decide was that of slavery, which threatened to disrupt the entire Union and against which both Lucy Stone and Henry B. Blackwell lectured constantly and effectively. It was in 1848 that Lucy Stone began to speak for the Anti-Slavery Society, at a time when it took physical and moral strength, for abolitionists were frequently mobbed and even murdered. Even when there were no mobs, all kinds of obstacles were placed in the way: hymn books were thrown at the speaker, hose used to drench her with water, pepper was burned and all sorts of devices were used to break up the meetings. Lucy - Lucy Stone, Pioneer of Woman's Rights, by Alice Stone Blackwell, with illustrations; pp xi 313; 8[o]; index; Little Brown and Company, Boston, 1930. $3.00 Page Twenty Stone's voice and manner had such charm that unruly audiences were constrained to listen. Although lecturing repeatedly against slavery, she was so completely possessed with the woman's rights idea, that the latter theme was apt to predominate. When told that such emphasis was out of place on the anti-slavery platform, she resolved to confine all her lecturing to woman's rights. She was the first woman, and for years the only woman, who made this her main topic and went up and down throughout the country lecturing upon it. While these two topics, slavery and woman's rights, were two of the reform questions most agitated, there was hardly any question of the many that came up during the nineteenth century which in some way or other Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell were not identified, witness their efforts to aid the Armenians, their alliance with the Friends of Russian Freedom, their protest in the interest of the Jews against the Russian pogroms, their many lectures in the cause of temperance, efforts in behalf of the nineteenth amendment, and equal rights for all. Indeed Lucy Stone's independence of character and thought reveals from childhood in her efforts to get a college education, later on as regards the wearing of the bloomer, the retention of her maiden name when married. She could always be counted upon to be on one side of the other of the many controversial questions of the nineteenth century, as for instance, the Tilton-Beecher controversy, the attitude of Victoria Woodhull towards marriage and the home. In her long life (1818-1893) she came in contact, in most cases quite immediately, with many of the most progressive minds of the men and women of the day, notable among illustrious women, Susan B. Anthony, Julia Ward Howe, Mrs. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Mrs. Mary Livermore, the Grimkes, Mary Lyon, Lucretia Mott; among distinguished men, Wendell Philips, William Lloyd Garrison, Col. G.W. Higginson, William Henry Channing, Horace Greely, Charles A. Dana, General Neal Dow, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Theodore Parker and a host of other celebrities. Indeed, this biography comes little short of being an encyclopedia of the reform movements of the nineteenth century, for the principal reforms and reformers are clearly described and the impression enduring. The most intimate and attractive passages here and there throughout the volume are those that portray the Blackwell family, among them five great reformers, and especially the marriage of Henry Blackwell with Lucy Stone who spent her life "to make the world better." JAMES GEDDES, JR. Professor of Romance Languages2 Dec 1930 VINEYARD GAZETTE, MARTHA'S VINEYA[RD] The Vineyard Bookshelf - There is no frigate like a book To take us lands away Nor any coursers like a page Of prancing poetry. This traverse may the poorest take Without oppress of toil; How frugal is the chariot That hears a human soul. Emily Dickinson - A Book * * * Lucy Stone, Pioneer of Woman's Rights, written by Alice Stone Blackwell, and published this fall by Little, Brown & Co., Boston, has a special interest for Martha's Vineyard, although only one or two fleeting references to the Island occur in its 301 pages. For no "off-Islanders" in the history of the Vineyard have been more loyal and devoted dwellers, in and out of season, than the Blackwells. Before the Civil War Henry Browne Blackwell, noted as the husband of Lucy Stone, but worthy of recognition for his own accomplishments, began to visit the Island, coming to Gay Head with Ainsworth Spofford, librarian of the Library of Congress. With Lucy Stone, to whom he was married May 1, 1855, he spent season after season here, occupying at various times what is now Windygates, a house at Quitsa, another on the South Beach, Chilmark, and finally his own property on the ocean side of Chilmark. Their daughter, Miss Alice Stone Blackwell, has spent a part of almost every summer here, their niece, Mrs. Florence Blackwell Mayhew, married a Vineyarder and has made this her permanent home for years, and Chilmark's summer colony is thickly studded with families with Blackwell connections. As for Lucy Stone, subject of the biography, she is too frequently remembered in the past ten years of the twentieth century as the woman for whom the Lucy Stone League, members of which retain their maiden name after marriage, was named. It is an interesting discovery that she was known, at her request, as Mrs. Stone, while members of the very modern league which came into being a century or so after Lucy Stone was born in 1818, retain the prefix Miss. It is doubtful whether all or even most of the members of the league know to what a degree Lucy Stone, whose sweet and very feminine face serves as the frontispiece of the book, was a pioneer in establishing the rights of women. Her career is sketched briefly in the preface by Miss Blackwell, whose work reflects throughout a wholesome and proper pride in her mother's achievements. Noteworthy for Many Things "Lucy Stone was noteworthy for many things. She was the first Massachusetts woman to take a college degree. She was 'the morning star of the woman's rights movement', lecturing for it, in the ten years from 1847 to 1857, to immense audiences all up and down the country. She headed the call for the First National Woman's Rights Convention. She converted Susan B. Anthony and Julia Ward Howe. She was the first married woman to keep her own name. She organized a nation-wide association in which those suffragists could 1932 work who did not wish to have equal suffrage mixed up with free love and other extraneous questions. She founded and edited the Woman's Journal of Boston, which was the principal woman suffrage newspaper of the United States for almost half a century. She was a striking example of single-hearted and lifelong devotion to a great idea. "Her husband, Henry Browne Blackwell, had great ability, and was the one man in America who devoted his life to securing equal rights for women. "One of her sisters-in-law, Doctor Elizabeth Blackwell, was the first woman in modern times to take a medical degree. Another, the Reverend Doctor Antoinette Brown Blackwell, was the first woman in the world to be ordained as a minister." Miss Blackwell might have added that she, too, has given a lifetime of devotion to the cause of woman's rights, that she has also interested herself in the cause of Armenia, and that her translations of Armenian, Russian, [Yiddish], Mexican and South American poetry, and her biography of Catherine Breshovsky reflect her range of interests. The story of Lucy Stone relates the struggles and disappointments she endured to win from Oberlin College, the only institution of its day which admitted women, the coveted diploma; of her triumphant years on the lecture platform, speaking at times for the cause of abolition, but getting in a good lick for woman's rights even in the midst of some of her anti-slavery lectures. The most colorful chapters of the book are those which relate her experiences on the platform and the service performed for the anti-slavery cause by her husband-to-be, always an ardent abolitionist who put his cause before his safety. Compelling Power on Platform It seems to be agreed that Lucy Stone's pleasant and feminine appearance and manner, and above all her remarkably sweet nd beautiful voice which could quiet the most boisterous audience, have had no equal in the cause of woman suffrage, for leader after leader in the cause, many of them better known today than Lucy Stone because they were born later in the century, paid tribute to her compelling power on the platform. Even her temporary adoption of the bloomer costume, which caused many earnest women to be hooted down, was accepted more or less good humoredly. Her marriage with Henry Blackwell took place in 1855 and it was her husband who planned and wrote the famous protest against the laws of marriage, which did much to get their injustice amended. The arrival of their daughter a few years later wrought a change for a time. As that daughter wrote: "Neither mobs nor matrimony had been able to 'shut up the mouth of Lucy Stone', but mother love did for a time." Several chapters are devoted to the growth of the woman suffrage movement, the dissension within the ranks, Lucy Stone's unbroken resolve to keep the cause in which she believed free from extraneous issues. The Woman's Journal, which she established, [was] for almost half a century the leading publication in its special field, and the special care of Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell, and Alice Stone Blackwell. Only eleven days before her death, Lucy Stone dictated an editorial for the Journal. When she died an old opponent said that the death of no woman in America had called out so widespread a tribute of affection and esteem. And with the coming of votes for women, Massachusetts was spared the fate predicted for it, that if women were allowed to vote there would be no more children born in the state, and that all the children that were born would be girls. There is hardly a more inspiring passage in the history which has produced our own world of today than this story of Lucy Stone and her brave, clear sighted pursuit of aims for the accomplishment of which all the women who have come after her are in her deep debt. Miss Blackwell's biography is a volume which should have a proud place in Vineyard libraries, private and. public. LITERARY GOSSIP The fame of Lucy Stone, apostle of woman suffrage, has spread far. Now comes the news that her biography, "Lucy Stone," by her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell (Little, Brown), is to be translated into Icelandic!MEMORANDUM ARGENTINA Published by Argentina Bureau, Inc., 551 Fifth Ave., monthly New York City. BOLIVIA Bi-monthly survey of Bolivian activities. Published by Foreign News Distributing Co., 56 Wall St., New York City. BRAZIL Published by American-Brazilian Ass'n, monthly 17 Battery Place, New York City. CHILE Published by Chilean Publishing Co. monthly 280 Broadway, New York City. MEXICO Published by Mexican Publishing Co., Inc., 225 West 34th St., New York City. monthly PERU Published at 551 Fifth Ave., monthly New York City. VENEZUELA Published by The Consulate General of Venezuela, monthly 113 Broad St., New York City. [Right Column] Now published in Washington, D.C. Address Dr. P. Lainez, 3900 Cathedral Ave., [Middle Column] THE CUBA REVIEW, published monthly by the Munson Steamship Co., 67 Wall St., New York City, is devoted largely to Cuban affairs. Dear Mr. Stevens: Please send one copy of "Lucy Stone" to me, and one to each of the following addresses, and charge them off against my royalties: Mr. Francis Stone, Plainview, Nebraska. Mrs. J. F. Broyles, Custer, South Dakota. Mr. L. B. Stone, Alcester, South Dakota. Mrs. A. H. Axford, Plainview, Nebraska. Mrs. E. M. Hoffman, Stoneham, Colorado.March 30 1931 NORTH JERSEY COURIER Women's Politics Edited by MARIE RUCKLE Forget current political issues for a few moments and travel back into pioneer days when women of the United States were fighting for one main purpose- woman suf- frage. Take a glimpse into this turb- ulent past as described by Lucy Stone's daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell, in a letter sent to Mrs. Horace A Woodward, president of the League of Women Voters of the Oranges, who last week honored the memory of Lucy Stone and other early suffrage workers at a luncheon held in East Orange. Alice Stone Blackwell, who is now in her eighties, resides at 3 Monadnock street, Upham's Corner, Boston, Mass. On hearing of the plans to honor her mother she wrote the following letter: "My dear Mrs. Woodward, "Ir is pleasant news that the League of Women Voters of the Oranges is to hold a meeting to honor my mother's memory. I wish I were able to recall something of interest regarding my mother's life in Orange, but we left there while I was still quite a baby, too young to remember much about it. "Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell's adopt- ed daughter, Miss Katherine Harry Blackwell, now makes her home with me. She is 10 years older than I, and I have questioned her, but she, of course, was living with Dr. Blackwell at that time, and cannot tell me much about my mother's life in Orange, except that house- keeping was hard there, as it was almost impossible to get any good help. My mother was fortunate in knowing how to do every kind of house-work herself. It must have been while we were in Orange that she came home from a lecture and found me with a blue bruise on the side of my face, because the little nursemaid in who charge i was left had let me fall off the door-step. She made up her mind that she would do no more lecturing while I was small, but would take care of me herself. She was the most motherly of wo- men. Col. T. W. Higginson was dis- tressed by her temporary retire- ment from the lecture field. He said, 'If Lucy Stone feels like that, then that is the way it is with wo- men.' "She had so much more public spirit than the average that when even she put her baby first, he thought it must be an inherent and invariable characteristic of women. Catherine Breshkovsky left her baby for the sake of Russia's free- dome, though it almost broke her heart. I have thought ofton of the difference in the decisions that the two women made. Of course, in Catherine Breshkovsky's case, she could leave the child surrounded with all the care that wealth could buy, as well as with tender affec- tion. "My mother always believed that (second column) their motherhood would keep wo- men on the side of what was right and good: that, for the sake of their own children, the majority could be trusted to stand up for peace, and temperance, and whatever would make the world better. "One interesting incident of my mother's life in Orange came to light long after her death. My father survived her for 16 years. At a memorial meeting held for him in 1909. Francis J. Garrison, the youngest son of the Liberator, read a letter written after John Brown's raid, when he and six of his men who survived were awaiting execution. Two of the sic were ne- groes. Mr. Garrison said: "To His Excellency Henry A. Wise, Governor of Virginia. " We the undersigned citizens of Orange, Essex County, N.J. having learned that the bodies of the prisoners under sentence of death in Charleston, Virginia, will be given up, if claimed by their friends, for Christian burial, hereby apply for the remains of Messrs. Copeland and Green for that pur- pose. We conclude, from the fact, that no such application has been made in the case of these two men, that they are fugitive slaves, and therefore may have no relatives able to claim them. "On behalf of ourselves and of the abolitionists of this town, we now desire to act in their stead, feeling willing and happy to identify ourselves in life and in death with the proscribed race to which these brave and unfortunate men belong. "If our request can be granted please indicate to us the proper person in Charlestown to whom we should apple, and oblige. Yours respectfully, WILLIAM GREEN JR. ROWLAND JOHNSON HENRIETTA W. JOHNSON CORNELIUS BRAMHALL ANN R. BRAMHALL HENRY B. BLACKWELL LUCY STONE "Mr. Garrison added: The Ohio relatives of Copeland and Green, who were not fugitive slaves but free-born men, took charge of their remains and buried them at Oberlin; but it was characteristic of Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone that, while the attention of the American people was focused on the commanding figure of John Brown, who soul had begun even then its triumphant march, their thought should turn to his humble black associates, and that they should avow themselves willing and happy like him, to identify them- selves in life and in death with the despised and downtrodden race.' "With hearty good wishes for the success of your meeting, and with gratitude to those who have called it. I remain. Yours sincerely, ALICE STONE BLACKWELL" Scott's Novel-Poems To the Editor of the New York Times: In naming over famous "novel- poems" we should not forget the metrical romances of Sir Walter Scott- "Marmion," "The Lady of the Lake," "The Lay of the Last Min- strel," "Rokeby," "The Lord of the Isles," &c. These are novels in verse, and some of them very spirited ones. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL Boston, Mass., June 23, 1931 June 26, 1931 (third column) (on side of column- Newark Ledger March 26, 1931) Women Voters Fight For Primary System To Retain Influence Oranges League Acts on Fear Old Convention Would Weaken Power WAIT FREEHOLDER RALLY By AGNES FAHY Believing that a return to the old party convention system would rob women of much of their power, the League of Women Voters of the Oranges yesterday determined to support the direct primary system. The decision was reached at the annual business meeting and luncheon held at the Hotel Pal- mer, East Orange, at which Mrs. Horace A. Woodward, of West Or- ange, president, presided. The group also decided to conduct a closer study of the county govern- ment and the care of patients in county institutions. A delegation composed of Mrs. John L. Douglas, former Republi- can vice chairman of East Orange; Miss Belle Neill, county chairman from Orange, and Mrs. John R. Phillips, former Democratic vice chairman of Essex county, were ap- pointed to attend the Freeholders' meeting today to ascertain what action or contemplated action is to be taken on a petition regarding food conditions in the Verona sani- torium. Among the speakers were Mrs. Fred Colvin, who told of her ex- periences in women's suffrage work in the Oranges: Mrs. Phillip Gra- ville, of South Orange, former mem- ber of the Orange Women's Poli- tical Study Club, and Miss Florence Halsey, former chairman of the Jersey League of Women Voters and now chairman of the New Jer- sey Memorial Fund plan. SPAIN REPUBLICAN To the Editor of the Post: Sir- At the recent elections in Spain the vote when overwhelmingly republi- can. The majorities were so sweeping as to convince Alfonso, much against his will, that he must quit. Your cor- respondent, "Mahatma," has no ground for saying, "The majority of the Span- ish people are not republicans." The majority do not approve of burn- ing and looting, probably, and it is good to read that that has been stopped. The destruction of the church property is the back swing of the pendulum, Spain hav- ing until now kept up the close union of church and state which prevailed in medieval times. It is pleasant to read that from the most remote villages deputations are coming to Madrid to beg for the start- ing of schools. Spain seems to be athirst for education. T.C.U. May 20 1931 [*From Worcester, Mass. Sunday Telegram, July 7, 1946.*] WEDDING THAT STIRRED NATION Took Place At West BrookfieldN. Y. AMERICAN OCT 19 1930 Titles and tattle Titles is informed by the legal department of Farrar & Rine- hart that a chest, only forty feet underground, and holding five millions in gold and rubies, belongs to him. . . And all he has to do is dig it up. . .Full information in Charles Driscoll's compendium on buried treasure. "Doubloons," out next week. . . Titles will go fifty-fifty to anyone sufficiently active with the shovel. . . Mrs. Blackwell's biography, "Lucy Stone," (Little, Brown Co.) clears up the Victorian bloomer mystery. . .Bloomers were invented by Eliza- beth Smith Miller, a New England lady, who built a walking dress with knee-skirts and pantaloons down to the ankle, just like the modern French male underwear. . .Mrs Amelia Bloomer, editor of "The Lily," merely sponsored it as perfectly moral. But she was in the minority, and bloomers died the death. . .Captain Liddell Hart's "The RealWar, 1914-1918"--meaning what Hart thinks is the real War--is dedicated to John Brown. . .Titles wondered with Ossawattomie Brown, good old John Brown, whose body, etc., had to do with the later war. . .But it is another John Brown, chair- man of the British Legion, who attended the A. L. Convention in Beantown along with Hoover, Coolidge and Rudy Vallee and other people of importance. . .Herbert Asbury may yet write "Up From Hollywood.". . .That's where he is now, writing for Paramount. . . A clever book of verses: "The Iron Dish" (Doubleday-Doran) by Lynn Riggs. Riggs has led a terrible life for a younf man of thirty. . .He sang in a spotlight at a Texas movie, groomed cows in a cattle-car, read proof on he Wall Street Journal and sold books at Macy's. . .It was while recuperating on the family ranch in Oklahoima that his fancy turned to literature. Eva Le Gallienne produces his "Green Grow the Lilacs" after Christmas. . .Because of the demand for books on backgammon, publishers say, the game will be a national craze. . .But that proves nothing. Scanning the New Books Pioneering in the Fight for Women's Rights A Daughter's Eulogy By HARRIOT STANTON BLATCH This small volume of three hun- dred pages, (Lucy Stone." By Al- ice Stone Blackwell. Little, Brown & Co., $3) is the latest of the many biographies of women suf- frage pioneers purporting to eval- uate impartially the service of this or that individual to the common cause. The thesis pressed at all points in this book is the Lucy Stone was the first, the only, the best of all workers in the Vineyard of the Lord. This thesis so mom- inates the author's mind that she misses her mother's chief contri- bution to the woman's movement of the 19th century. Lucy Stone, as shown by her daughter, left her home at a tend- er age to earn a living, she put herself through college, she was an important part of the modern economic drive among women. This was the outstanding thing about her, and not, as her biog- grapher seems to think, that she ante-dated some other woman in holding a suffrage meeting. Con- stant partial pleading as to Lucy Stone's chronological place in sur- face happenings prevents recogni- ton of the part of Miss Blackwell on the economic roots of the suf- frage movement and Mrs. Stone's very vital relation to them The general reader will get most from this book as an unintentional psychological study of a reformer in Victorian days who, unmoved by, love of art, music or literature cleaved to just one idea-the em- mancipation of her sex. Lucy had a hard upbringing with simple, hard working people. Life was a narrow, self-sacrificing experience for her. Quite naturally as she grew up she never did anything spontaneously. As pictured by her daughter, she argued and argued until the moment of action came, and then she moved on an un- swerving line of "duty." She sems never to have done anything because she wanted to, but always because she thought it "right," And for Lucy Stone that she thought the thing right, calls all this "apostolic zeal." The reader will incline to the more modern (second column) conclusion reached by Henry B. Blackwell, the man she finally mar- ried. She argued with him from 1853 ri 1855 as to whether mar- riage was not the grave of wo- man, whether the holy estate would advance or end Lucy's work. The young lover breaks in with the revelatory bombshell, p. 159, "Your views on the subject (mar- riage) are warped from the un- fortunate impressions of your childhood." "Lucy Stone" should be seen on the desk of every psycholo- gist. Chapter XV. of this interesting biography has been assured, by its author, a wide-reading public. Miss Blackwell opens this section with: -"Events were pending that led to a serious split among suf- fragists," and the paragraph ends. "Those who are not interested in the history of the woman suffrage movement should skip this chap- ter." Many beside the anointed won't skip. I did not skip. The chapter will be dull reading for the neophytes and provocative for the initiated. Its challenging inaccuracies are even greater than its dullness. I will single out one slip, because I am so intimately connected with it: Miss Blackwell complains on p. 226 that the His- tory of Woman Suffrage gives no explanation of the causes that led to division in the suffrage associ- ation, "but merely says: 'during the autumn of this year (1869) there was a secession from our ranks, and the preliminary steps were taken for another organiza- tion,'" etc. Miss Blackwell quotes exactle seven lines from the His- tory of Woman Suffrage, Vol. II. p. 406, and says, and perhaps she believes, that is the sum total in the History of reference to the "Split." If Miss Blackwell will turn to p. 756 of that same Vol. II of the History of Woman Suf- frage she will find Chapter XXVI -the longest chapter, by the way, in the volume-entirely devoted to Lucy Stone's association. A foot- note will tell Miss Blackwell: "The history of this Association from its formation is compiled by Harriot E. Stanton from reports in the Agitator and Woman's Journal." (third column) (Perhaps I should explain though it may add fuel to the fire, that the Harriot Stanton of those days Blatch of today). Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Su- san B. Anthony, the Editors of the History, granted me not seven lines but one hundred and six pages on which to spread out the seceders' view in their own words of why they rebelled and what they did after they rebelled. Not only this but my superiors allowed me to decorate my chapter with two steel-engravings, one of Lucy Stone and one of Julia Ward Howe. Through these same steel engrav- ings I received, as it happened, the full flavor of the spirit of the se- cessionists of that day. Mrs. Howe in declining to send her pic- ture for reproducing, thanked us for the "intended" honor of in- cluding her in the volume. But whatever the cause of re- bellion, its cure was so emphatic that Miss Blackwell ought no to have buried in an appendix the fact that when in 1890 the lambs laid down with the lions they elect- ed as president of the united so- cieties Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony as vice- president. To me the significant fact is that after an internecine war of twenty years the rank and file showed they preferred to be led by juicy radicals than by des- sicated saints. The future histor- ian of the suffrage movement will find this book suggestive of lines of research rather than reliable source material. Religion And The State The guiding principle in the po- litical life of Luigi Luzatti, one time prime minister of Italy, was that the human race is constantly progressing in the understanding and amelioration of social condi- tions. In attempting, in his own lite, to further this progress, he became, as he himself put it, "a friend of every human being." His is the credit for the reforms which more than any other legislation, bettered the lot of the working (fourth column) class of his native country. "God in Freedom" (The Mac- millan Co., new York, 1930, $5) is interesting, therefore, as the means by which Luzzatti sought to bring about the adoption by all countries in the program he car- ried out in Italy. He believed that all human progress and happiness are derived from the liberty of the individual in thought and in con- science. Therefore he advocated in his writings, as well as in his practical political endeavor, the acceptance by all legislators of his formula "Free religions in a sovereign state." This conclusion, he thought, is inevitable; its fail- ure would be inconsistent with his idealistic concept of progress. Luz- zatti did not consider himself a direct agent, but only a catalyst, a means of hastening the accept- ance of these views. The book is a study in religious and legal history of the develop- ment toward the separation of church and state, a study of the development of religious liverty, without which there can be no human happiness. The canvas up- on which Luzzatti draws his study is vast and comprehensive, con- taining sketches of China and In- dia, besides those of countries whose religions and legal prin- ciples are more familiar. Indeed, quite apart from its significance as a study of religious liberty, the book is a valuable compendium of descriptions of religious and legal institutions throughout the world. Yet he handles this great mass of detail with the consummate ease and skill of a master, with clarity and profundity, and without los- ing sight for a moment of the central principle toward which he is driving. JOSEPH L. BLAU. This Week Marks 98th Anniversary of Start of the Still-Hot Fight for Women's Rights ELIZABETH CADY STANTON, "Mother of Woman Suffrag," and MAGNETIC LUCY STONE (1818- 1893). Brookfield-born was in her SUFFRAGE CAUSE'S STOUT FOTRESS STRONG-MINDED SUSAN BROWNELL ANTHONY BELVA ANN BENNETT LOCKWOODDR. HARRY LEVI Dr. Harry Levi, Renowned Rabbi, Dies in Brookline Dr. Harry Levi, 68, rabbi-emeritus of Temple Israel and one of the best known clergyman in New England, died yesterday afternoon at his home, 84 Salisbury road, Brookline, after a lingering illness. He had retired from active ministry on June 20, 1939, after 27 years as rabbi of Temple Israel. A staunch liberal who for many years took an active part in civic and social affairs of this state, Rabbi Levi gained widespread fame as a radio preacher, and his sermons were well received by people of all faiths. He was the author of several books and hundreds of pamphlets, and contributed to articles regularly to publications in the field of religion. A world traveler, he gained a firm background for his literary efforts as was well acquainted with the functions and problems of religion in many lands. Born in Cincinnati, he entered high school at the age of 10, and at 16 enrolled in the Hebrew Union College and the University of Cincinnati, taking a secular course in one school and a religious course in the other. He graduated in 1897 and in that year received an assignment to Wheeling W, Va., remaining there until 1911 when he came to Boston. Established Eight Schools At the age of 32 he began his ministry here and his first accomplishment was a wide-scale education program for the young people of his congregation. He established eight religious schools in Boston and suburban communities. One of the most noted accomplishments was the Little Theatre movement in which religious dramas were presented for the appreciation of inter-denominational audiences. Manuscripts were sent to him from all parts of the world, so great was the fame of the Little Theatre. Not only did his congregation expand but also the synagogue and other properties under his supervision. A new school on the Riverway and a meeting house were built and completed in 1928. Temple Israel became one of the largest and most influential Jewish congregation in New England. Rabbi Levi founded an organization known as the Juniors, which held meetings of Jews, Catholics and Protestants for mutual discussions of social problems. At the completion of 19 years of service here Rabbi Levi was elected spiritual leader of Temple Israel for life. Dr. Levi was outspoken in many of his opinions. Several years ago when a new war was being fomented in Europe, he indicated college education as making boys and girls "more snobbish than ever before, undemocratic and intolerant of others whom they consider not to be their equals." Among the college bred, he said, are those who create discontent and are instrumental in starting wars, because of their lack of tolerance and appreciation that people everywhere are "human and divine." Relinquished Duties in 1938 Dr. Levi made a trip to Palestine in 1935. A year later he was tendered a testimonial dinner and reception upon completion of 25 years as rabbi of Temple Israel. Failing health caused him to relinquish many of his duties in 1938 and in September of 1939 Dr. Joshua Loth Liebman became rabbi of Temple Israel. He was the last of three noted New England clergyman, his contemporaries during many years of service being the late William Cardinal O'Connell, archbishop of Boston, and the late William Lawrence. Episcopal Bishop of Massachusetts. The three were presented by Gov. Saltonstall at the annual dinner of the Conference of Christians and Jews on April 24, 1942. One of the outside activities closest to this heart was the directorship he held in the Florence Crittenton League. He was also a director of the Bureau of Jewish Education, Travelers' Aid Society, Brookline Friendly Association, General Theological Library, Ford Hall, Religious Education Association, and the Massachusetts Anti-Tuberculosis Society. among many others. He was a former vice president of the Greater Boston Federation of Churches. Rabbi Levi was an honorary member of the Boston City Club, Elysium Club, Pinebrook Valley Golf Club, Shawmut Lodge of Masons and Phi Epsilon Pi Fraternity. Among the books he wrote were "Jewish Characters in English Fiction," "The Great Adventure," "A Rabbi Speaks." He wrote hundreds of pamphlets on philosophy, religion and social problems. He was a contributor to several publications, including the Field of Social Service, Effective Preaching, Boston Preachers and A Free Pulpit in Action. He was a contributing editor of World Unity. On Feb. 2, 1908, he married Miss Ruth Wolf of Wheeling, W.V. She survives him together with two sons, Harry Levi Jr. and Robert Levi. Funeral services will be held on Friday at noon at Temple Israel, corner of Commonwealth av. and Bland ford st. Dr. Liebman will officiate. Dr. Harry Levi Service to Community Praised at Services Tribute to Dr. Harry Levi as "a creative American, a prophetic Jew and a spiritual father" was paid by Rabbi Joshua Loth Liebman yesterday noon when funeral services for the well-known Jewish religious leader were held at the temple Israel. Admirers of Rabbi Levi from many walks of life attended the services, drawn by the interest in the liberalism and tolerance which the noted Jewish rabbi had expressed in his sermons. Honorary bearers included Joseph H. Cohen, president of the congregation; Rabbi Herman H. Rubenovitz, president of the Rabbinical Association of Greater Boston; Jacob J. Kaplan, Judge A. K. Cohen, Peter M. Leavitt, Lee M. Friedman, John S. Slater, Reuben B. Gryzmish, George Moses, Frank Kozol, Alvin M. Sloane, Maurice Schmertzler, Moses J. Hirshfield, George Cohen, S. Robert Stone, James D. Glunts, Benjamin Ulin, Milton Kahn, Alan L. Morse, Matthew Brown, Charles A. Rome, Joseph Schneider, Abraham C. Webber, Solomon Agoos, Mrs. Julius Morse, Mrs. Edmund Hanauer and Max Wyzanski. Speaking of Rabbi Levi, Rabbi Liebman said: "He was one of the first creators of bridges of understanding across rivers of prejudice. He took walls and barriers and out of them fashioned highways of appreciation between orthodox and conservative and reform Jews - highways of understanding between Christianity and Judaism. Among all American rabbis, no one has done more than he to challenge bigotry and discourage fanaticism." Burial was in the Temple Israel Cemetery at Wakefield. (From Late Edition of Yesterday's Times.) REV. DR. HARRY LEVI Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES. BOSTON, June 13 - The Rev. DR. Harry Levi, for twenty-eight years a rabbi of Temple Israel and a leader in promoting inter-denominational understanding, died today at his home in Brookline, after a long illness. His age was 68. It was in 1911 that Dr. Levi came to Temple Israel. In 1939 he became rabbi emeritus. He was active in civic affairs. Among his friends were the late Cardinal O'Connell, the Right Rev. William Lawrence and the Right Rev. Henry K. Sherrill. He was the first rabbi to discuss religion before theological students at Harvard University. This was in 1932, when he celebrated the twentieth anniversary of his service at the Boston temple. Born in Cincinnati, he was graduated from the University of Cincinnati and Hebrew Union College. He came here from Wheeling, West Va., where he had served for fifteen years. Among his books are "The Great Adventure" and "A Rabbi Speaks." He leaves a widow, Mrs. Ruth Levi, and two sons, Harry Jr. and Robert. Dr. Harry Levi Funeral services for Dr. Harry Levi, 69, rabbi of Temple Israel for 25 years and an outstanding Jewish leader, will be held at the Temple Israel, Boston, at noon tomorrow, with Rabbi Joshua Loth Liebman officiating. Dr. Levi died at his home, 84 Salisbury road, Brookline, Tuesday. NOTABLES AT SERVICE FOR MRS. BRANDEIS Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES. WASHINGTON, Oct. 15 - A memorial service for Mrs. Alice Goldmark Brandeis, widow of Associate Justice Louis D. Brandeis of the United States Supreme Court, who died on Thursday, was held this evening in the Brandeis residence at 2202 California Street, Northwest. Eulogies were delivered by Mrs. Fola La Follette and Associate Justice Felix Frankfurter, the latter paying warm tribute to the beautiful mind, warm heart and broad vision" of Mrs. Brandeis. Those present included members of the Supreme Court and leaders of the Washington community; Judge Louis E. Levinthal of Philadelphia, Robert Szold of New York and Edmund I. Kaufmann of Washington, former presidents of the Zionist Organization of America; Mrs. Judith Epstein, president of Hadassah; Mrs. Edward Jacobs, Mrs Robert Szold and Mrs. Tamara De Sola Pool of New York, former presidents of Hadassah, and other Zionist leaders. Dr. Israel Goldstein, president of the Zionist organization, declared in a message the the "name of Mrs. Brandeis will be linked in our memories with that of her distinguished husband, who was America's foremost Zionist and one of the architects of the world Zionist movement in our time."RESCUER OF JEWS WAS STUDENT HERE - Raoul Wallenberg of Sweden Credited With Aiding 20,000 in Hungarian Groups - The adventures of Raoul Wallenberg, a 31-year-old architect who led the rescue of 20,000 Hungarian Jews before the Red Army liberated Budapest from the Nazis, was disclosed here yesterday at the Swedish Consulate. Mr. Wallenberg is a member of one of Sweden's chief diplomatic and banking families. The architect "disappeared" on Jan. 17, three days before the Allied-Hungarian armistice, and only two weeks after his "recapture" of the Swedish Legation in Budapest from members of the Hungarian Nazi Arrow Cross, the American-Swedish News Exchange, Inc., 630 Fifth Avenue, related. The late President Roosevelt set in motion the machinery whereby Mr. Wallenberg's rescues were effected, according to his aunt, Mrs. William M. Calvin of Greenwich, Conn. She is the wife of Col. William M. Calvin, former United States military attache in Stockholm. Mrs. Calvin said President Roosevelt requested King Gustav of Sweden to try to intervene against the Hungarian Nazis and in turn the Swedish Legation in Hungary was asked to extend its protection to the Jews there. Mr. Wallenberg was appointed secretary of the legation last summer to rescue Jews of Hungary. He was assisted by a staff of 300, mostly volunteers. Members of the Arrow Cross plundered food depots and last Christmas Eve arrested the entire staff, sending the women to the ghetto, it was related. All escaped later. Mr. Wallenberg worked primarily by issuing Swedish "protective passports" and by harboring the victims of persecution in the legation and in several other houses granted diplomatic immunity. Recapture of Legation The architect was said to have "recaptured" the legation in a "pitched battle" against Arrow Cross men who broke into the building and threatened to kill the Minister, Carl Ivan Danielson. He escaped through a window. Mr. Wallenberg delivered various Jews from a "Death March to Vienna" and from deportation to Nazi labor camps. He achieved rescue by ruse or by insistence that the intended victims were under the protection of Sweden. By establishing soup kitchens and by building up food stocks and trucking services, assisted by Hungarian civilians, Mr. Wallenberg managed to harbor 10,000 Jews, twice the allotted number, in houses over Swedish protection. Shortly after the Red Army liberated Budapest on Feb. 13 the anti-Semitic law of Hungary were repealed. The story of the deliverance of the 20,000 Jews under the leadership of Mr. Wallenberg was made public by Mr. Danielsson upon his recent return to Stockholm. The architect studied at the University of Michigan in 1934 and 1935. He is the only son of Baroness Frederic Von Dardel of Stockholm, a sister of Mrs. Calvin. His grand uncle, Axel Wallenberg, was former Swedish Minister to the United States. Another grand uncle, Knut Wallenberg, was Swedish Foreign Minister during World War I. Nov 1930 Book Review Digest BLACKWELL, ALICE STONE. Lucy Stone; pioneer of woman's rights. 313p il $3 Little B or 92 Stone, Lucy (Mrs. Henry B. Blackwell) This biography of Lucy Stone, American pioneer of woman's rights, written by her daughter, reflects the courageous personality, the zeal for her cause, and the rare sense of humor that were important factors in her popularity and leadership. Lucy Stone's determination to have a college education, studying the same subjects as young men studied; her graduation from Oberlin; her public lectures against slavery; her wearing of the bloomer costume; and her acceptance of marriage only on condition that she be allowed to retain her maiden name, are among the most interesting features in the biography. - "This book is a most dignified and successful example of the filial biography. It is admiring without excess of sentiment or of eulogy. It is rich in facts and anecdotes, and it leans heavily on contemporary records." Freda Kirchwey. +Books p4 S 28 '30 1000w Reviewed by S. L. Cook Boston Transcript p2 S 27 '30 1550w "Alice Stone Blackwell has done an excellent job in portraying the life of her distinguished mother. Praise she has for Lucy Stone, but she falls into no snare of adulation or sentimentality. True, the portrait lacks the rude lines that a person wholly unprejudiced might have been impelled to draw, but that is an omission inherent in this type of authorship. One is grateful to Miss Blackwell for a live sense of humor which permits her to quote incidents that a less kindly annotator would have fallen upon with avaricious delight." +N Y Times p4 O 19 '30 750w N.Y. TELEGRAM OCT 17 1930 STORY OF FEMINISM IN TWO BIOGRAPHIES - Lives of Margaret Fuller and Lucy Stone Reviewed. - LUCY STONE. By Alice Stone Blackwell. Little, Brown. $3. MARGARET FULLER. By Margaret Bell. Boni. 50 cents. (With foreword by Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt.) These women had in common an unquenchable zeal and untiring zest to further the cause of womankind in a man-made civilization, and the happy coincidence of these simultaneous biographies affords a student of feminism a basis for comparison. Both Lucy Stone and Margaret Fuller, strangely enough, were born on farms, where the hardships of women early evokes a desire for better conditions. The rewards of their careers were to be hardships, abuse, intolerance and, for one, a tragic death. The first fought slavery when women lecturers were unheard of and edited a woman's magazine. She was the first married woman to retain her maiden name, and she was instrumental in having passed many laws dealing with reforms. The other's pen was the crusader, and she was a life-long friend of Emerson. Both biographies are replete with anecdotes. The Stone work, written by the pioneer feminist's daughter, impresses by the simplicity of its subject's life and the naivette of its telling. The other is more erudite, more fulsome. J.S.T. Oct 19. 1930 Syracuse (NY) POST STANDARD. History of the Bloomer - The entire history of the bloomer is given in Alice Stone Blackwell's life of her mother, "Lucy Stone: Pioneer of Woman's Rights." The bloomer problem was one of the knottiest dealt with in the early course of the woman movement. The bloomer was invented by Elizabeth Smith Miller, who wanted a dress in which she could easily take long walks, and the costume consisted of a small jacket, a full skirt descending a little below the knee, and trousers down to the ankle. It was taken up and enthusiastically sponsored by Mrs. Amelia Bloomer, editor of The Lily, and her name was given to it. Lucy Stone and other leaders wore the costume for a little while, but abandoned it as giving rise to needless disagreeable criticism of them and the movement, so it became necessary to revert again to the long trailing skirts of the day. When short skirts were suggested, Susan B. Anthony somberly remarked, "It would only be said that the bloomers have doffed their pants to better display their legs." DAVENPORT, IA. DEMOCRAT LEADER OCT 1 21930 - The only higher educational institution which admitted women in 1843, when Lucy Stone determined to get an A.B. degree, was Oberlin college in Ohio. "The tuition and room rent," she wrote her family, according to Alice Stone Blackwell in "Lucy Stone: Pioneer of Woman's Rights," "is upwards of $16 per year." At that, Lucy Stone was so poor that she could not afford to write home very often (letter postage was 25 cents) - so she used to send a newspaper to her family and dot in it the words or letters which formed her message. BOSTON, MASS. GLOBE OCT 18 1930 "LIFE" OF ALICE STONE BLACKWELL BY DAUGHTER "Lucy Stone," by Alice Stone Blackwell - Mrs. Blackwell, the daughter of Lucy Stone, pioneer of woman's rights, has written the story of her mother's life. Lucy Stone was one of the remarkable women of her generation. She was the first Massachusetts woman to receive a college degree. For 10 years she lectured throughout the country on woman's rights. She headed the call for the First National Woman's Rights Convention. She converted Julia Ward Howe and Susan B. Anthony to the cause. She organized a nation-wide association in which those suffragists could work who did not wish to have equal suffrage confused with free love and other extraneous questions. Her devotion to woman suffrage was intense and untiring. An interesting and amusing chapter in that which deals with the costume advocated by Mrs. Amelia Bloomer, editor of the "Lilly." Lucy Stone, along with various other determined champions of woman's suffrage, wore the bloomer. Her experiences were not especially pleasant. Mrs. Blackwell's book is authoritative and well worth reading.-Boston: Little, Brown and Company.[*Christian Science Monitor April 29 '39*] Dramatization of Lucy Stone Lights a Daughter's Career When the curtain goes up at the opening of the play, "Lucy Stone," May 9, at the Copley Theater, probably the happiest person in the audience will be Miss Alice Stone Blackwell, distinguished suffragist and author of "Lucy Stone - Pioneer," a biography of her mother, on which the play is based. Miss Blackwell, now living in retirement in Cambridge, said with undisguised enthusiasm that she is looking forward to the performance of Mrs. Maud Wood Park's play as one of the "happiest times of my life" - a useful life which already has been crowded with interesting, historic, and important events. From childhood, Miss Blackwell was reared in an atmosphere of suffrage and civic work. Her mother - to quote her - was "the morning star of the woman's rights movement," lecturing for the cause from 1847 to 57 throughout the country. She headed the call for the First National Woman's Rights Convention. She converted Susan B. Anthony and also Julia Ward Howe, who in 1868 became President of the New England Woman Suffrage Association. There are many "firsts" in Lucy Stone's family, Miss Blackwell explained. Her mother was the first Massachusetts woman to take a college degree, when she was graduated from Oberlin College, Ohio, in 1847. She was the first married woman to make an issue of keeping her maiden name after marriage; hence was known as Mrs. Lucy Stone rather than Mrs. Henry B. Blackwell. A woman to- day who prefers to retain her maiden name upon marriage is still known as a "Lucy Stoner." Miss Blackwell added that one of her mother's sisters-in-law, Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, was the first woman in modern times to take a medical degree, while another the Rev. Dr. Antoinette Brown Blackwell - as she has written in "Lucy Stone - Pioneer" - was the first woman in the world to be ordained as a minister. Thus Lucy Stone was in close touch with a movement which had opened the "learned professions" to women. Miss Blackwell is known for more than her contributions to the woman's rights movement. She has brought to the American people translations and English renderings of many foreign writings, mostly poems. It was through her Association with her mother, and her father, in the early organization of the Society of American Friends of Russian Freedom that she was led into the appreciation of Russian poetry, and thence into English verse renderings of translations made by her friends. Recalling her college days at Boston University, Miss Blackwell modestly told how she was elected President of her sophomore class, which she still considers "one of the greatest honors I have ever had." Miss Blackwell is better known as a biographer than a poet. In 1917 she edited "The Little Grandmother of the Russian Revolution," the life and letters of Catherine Breshkovsky. For a time the book was one of the six "best sellers." "Lucy Stone - Pioneer," the biography of her mother, came out in 1930. Years ago she compiled, in collaboration with Dr. Anna Howard Shaw and Miss Lucy E. Anthony, "The Yellow-Ribbon Speaker," a book of woman suffrage readings and recitations. Living in Cambridge in the utmost simplicity, Miss Blackwell, characteristically, is surrounded by books and newspapers. Even though she has seen the realization of her efforts to establish woman suffrage, still today she is interested in the welfare of women.'Aunt Zadie' du Pont, Wealthy Champion of Labor, Dies Here Miss Zara du Pont, 79-year- old member of the Delaware multi-millionaire industrial family, died yesterday at the New England Hospital for ZARA DU PONT Women after a long illness. She had been a resident of 32 Shephard st., Cambridege, since 1922. Noted as a champion of labor - she appeard on picket lines an average of three or four times a year - Miss du Pont began her independent social life as a young woman in her native Louisville, Ky., where she refused to have a coming- out party. She was affiliated with liberal and progressive causes the greater part of her life, and was a dues-paying member of 63 educational and social reform organizations. Maintaining a four-room apartment near Radcliffe College, she was known as "Aunt Zadie" to neighbors and contributed gernerously to causes which she considered aimed at eradicating the source of human ills. In 1938, Miss du Pont donned a gas mask to picket for the National Maritime Union's strike here. She supported birth control movements, the campaign to free Tom Mooney, and worked for women suffrage and rights for the Negro. - Sued Bethlehem Steel In June, 1941, she gained nationwide renown in a $1,000,000 stockholder's suit against the Bethlehem Steel Company in which she charged that the corporation's money had been squandered on litigation, labor espionage, and other policies which she said had cost stockholders at least $1,000,000. She withdrew her suit shortly afterwards, stating that it was withdrawn, not because the "Bethlehem Steel Corporation had promised to adopt an enlightened policy and bargain collectively with the C. I. O. on a national scale." Miss du Pont was a sister of the late Senator Coleman T. du Pont of Delaware, and had remained on friendly terms with her relatives there, visiting them annually during the Christmas season. She leaves a sister, Mrs. Pauline du Pont Baldwin of Louisville, Ky., at whose home funeral services will be conducted; 11 nieces and four nephews. ZARA DU PONT Associated Press, 1941 MISS ZARA DU PONT CHAMPION OF LABOR - Member of Noted Family Dies - Supported Workingman, Ever to Serving on Picket Lines - BOSTON, May 2 (AP) - Miss Zara du Pont of Cambridge, sister of the late Senator Coleman T. du Pont of Delaware, died yesterday at the New England Hospital for Women. Her age was 77. Born in Louisville, Ky., Miss du Pont broke with society tradition by refusing to have a coming-out party, and through the greater part of her life aligned herself with causes which she deemed liberal and progressive. She donned a gas mask to picket for the National Maritime Union in a Boston Strike in 1938, supported the campaign to free Tom Mooney, was active in behalf of civil liberties rights of minority groups and for thirty years supported the cause of woman suffrage. Henry George's economic philosophy, birth control and Negro rights also won her support. Until in her seventies she appeared on picket lines on an average of three or four times a year. Living in a four-room apartment near Radcliffe College, Miss du Pont was "Aunt Zadie" to her neighbors, was a dues-paying member of sixty-three educational or progressive organizations, and contributed from her modest income to causes which she considered aimed at eradicating the sources of human ills. Remaining on the friendliest of terms with her Wilmington, Del., relatives, she visited them yearly at about Christmas or New Year's. - Montgomery Ward Resolution Miss du Pont, a first cousin of Lammot, Irenee and Pierre du Pont, was a singer of two resolutions in a proxy statement a year ago urging stockholders of Montgomery Ward & Co. to direct their management "to cease their defiance of and non-compliance with the orders of the War Labor Board." The resolutions were defeated. In 1941 at the annual meeting of the Bethlehem Steel Corporation Miss du Pont had hard words to say about Bethlehem's labor policy. She accused the company of being unfair to labor and called for wage increases. This stockholders' meeting was the first that Miss du Pont had ever attended. Picketing once in 1936, Miss du Pont declared, "If we don't give a square deal to labor, we'll have fascism and, after that, revolution." Miss du Pont had visited Russia and had been known to criticize munitions-making. Her relatives called her sometimes "Miss Kick." During one strike, when Miss du Pont was picketing, a policeman asked her, "What is your name?" "Zara du Pont," she replied. Puzzled a Patrolman "Another phony name," the patrolman mumbled, as he jotted it down. He inquired sarcastically, "One of the Delaware du Ponts, I presume?" "Yes," was the quiet reply. Instead of having a coming-out party, Miss du Pont as a young woman joined the board of the Children's Free Hospital in Louisville, Ky., and started a lifelong campaign in behalf of under- privileged children. But she soon came to the conclusion that charity was "futile." "It merely takes care of conditions, not causes," she held. She contributed therefore only to organizations whose work she considered "preventive." She bought her clothes on the same utilitarian basis. To a friend who was admiring a hat one day, she remarked that she had had quite a time finding it. "You see," she explained, "I had to find one that was just right for church and for picketing." Miss du Pont looked forward "to a day when we will have a completely tolerant democracy." "I confidently expect to live till the time," she said, "when a Jew, a Negro, a Catholic and a woman will have been elected President of the United States." PROVIDENCE, R. I. JOURNAL OCT 18 1930 got their name? The entire history of the Bloomer is given in Alice Stone Blackwell's life of her mother, "Lucy Stone: Pioneer of Woman's Rights," The Bloomer problem was one of the knottiest dealt with in the early course of the woman movement. The Bloomer was invented by Elizabeth Smith Miller, who wanted a dress in which she could easily take long walks, and the costume consisted of a small jacket, a full skirt descending a little below the knee, and trousers down to the ankle. It was taken up and enthusiastically sponsored by Mrs. Amelia Bloomer, editor of "The Lily," and her name was given to it. Lucy Stone and other leaders wore the costume for a little while, but abandoned it as giving rise to needless disagreeable criticism of them and the movement, so it became necessary to revert again to the long trailing skirts of the day. When short skirts were suggested, Susan B. Anthony somberly remarked: "It would only be said that the Bloomers have doffed their pants the better to display their legs." . . . Everybody remembers the story of Joseph Jefferson and the lady cyclist, who approached him outside his Cape Cod home, wearing bloomers and looking particularly tired and dusty. . . ."Is this the way to Wareham?" she asked feebly. . . . "I don't know," replied Jefferson. "It's the first pair I've ever seen." GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. HERALD OCT 12 1930 Hymn Book Is Wielded Against Early Feminist - Lucy Stone is largely responsible for the emancipation of women in America from the state of legal and intellectual servility which they occupied in the early nineteenth century. The part she played, and the outrageous humiliations which beset her, are presented in the new biography by her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell, in "Lucy Stone: Pioneer of Women's Rights," to be published Sept. 26, by Little, Brown & Co. She picked berries and chestnuts and sold them to buy books. It took her nine years to get enough money to go to college. Once when she was speaking for women's rights, a hymn book was hurled at her head with such force as almost to stun her, and at another time, in winter, a pane of glass was taken out of the window behind her, and she was suddenly deluged with cold water. She put on her shawl and went on with the lecture. It took her 10 years to obtain for married women the right to own their own clothes, and it was not until 35 years after she began working for it that the law was passed making mothers joint guardians of their children with the fathers.CHICAGO, ILL. NEWS OCT 17 1930 FOOTNOTES ON BOOKS BY HOWARD VINCENT O'BRIEN Higher Education. In 1843, when Lucy Stone went to college, the only one that admitted women was Oberlin. But it was awfully expensive. "The tuition and room rent," she wrote her family (as quoted in LUCY STONE, Pioneer of Woman's Rights) "is upward of $16 per year." At that, Lucy was so poor that she could not afford to write home very often (letter postage was 25 cents) -- so she used to sent a newspaper to her family and dot in it the words or letters which formed her message. Copyright, 1930, The Chicago Daily News, Inc. N.Y. SUN Oct 17 1930 BIOGRAPHY AND HISTORY Despite the decline of interest in biography, which publishers have talked about for over a year now, it is doubtful if any season has provided a more interesting and diverse list than the present one. And what is more, the biographies are about important people, and in the main, are done in a serious way, deserving of their themes. Among other biographies and histories that have appeared, or will appear, this season are: THE THREE TITANS. Emil Ludwig. Putman. JOHN WESLEY. John Wade. Longmans Green. GOETHALS: GENIUS OF THE PANAMA CANAL. Joseph Bucklin & Farnham Bishop. Harper's. MOLIERE. John Palmer. Brewer & Warren. HENRY OF NAVARRE. Henry Dwight Sedgwick. Bobbs Merrill. PAULINE: FAVORITE SISTER OF NAPOLEON. W.N.C. Carlton. Harper's. ROADSIDE MEETINGS. Hamlin Garland. Macmillan. MAHATMA GANDHI: HIS OWN STORY. Charles F. Andrews. Macmillan. H.G. WELLS. Geoffrey West. Norton. RICHARD WAGNER. Paul Bekker. Norton. THE JOURNEY OF MY OTHER SELF. Rainer Maria Rilke. Norton. LEIGH HUNT AND HIS CIRCLE. Edmund B. Lunden. Harper's. BACH, THE MASTER. Rutland Boughton. Harper's. SWIFT. Carl Van Doren. Viking. FLOYD GIBBONS. Douglas Gilbert. Robt. McBride BRAHMS. Specht. Dutton. LUCY STONE PIONEER OF WOMAN'S RIGHTS. Alice Stone Blackwell. Little, Brown & Co. ROOSEVELT. Wister. Macmillan. [*Wakefield Item Oct 18 1930*] Letter-writing, The lost art is the title of Dorothy Van Doren's book of "seven famous women" -- Margaret Fuller, Abigail Adams and Charlotte Bronte among them. Those of Jane Carlyle are especially attractive. A later age brought Lucy Stone and her work for women into prominence. Alice Stone Blackwell has written a biography of this "pioneer woman suffragist" containing a more intimate view of her than much material published. THIS CLIPPING FROM [*Sioux City, IA. Journal Oct. 17, 1930.*] GOLDIE is not a Lucy Stoner. She has happened to notice the other day the way this column is headed -- I'm sure it was the first time she'd ever looked at it -- and it seemed to surprise her very much. "Why do you write down the name you used to have before you were married?" she asked. I explained the occasion when a married woman is apt to use her own name and Goldie's answer was a giggle -- have I said that Goldie was pretty? -- not at all an envious giggle; rather a condescending giggle, which seemed to say, "My goodness, what's the sense in bothering about all that foolishness, when there are such important things to think of as dances and dates and boyfriends." I'm reminded--again-- of Alice Stone Blackwell's life of her mother, Lucy Stone: Pioneer of Woman's Rights, published by Little, Brown. The Lucy Stone league, Miss Blackwell tells us, wasn't founded until 28 years after her mother's death; and she herself after her marriage, though she didn't take her husband's name, always used the prefix, "Mrs."-- "Mrs. Lucy Stone." The book is full of interest -- it tells of the judge of the early 1800s who declared that in his opinion the "reasonable instrument" required by law for wife beating was "a stick no thicker than his thumb," of how tuition and room rent at Oberlin college in Lucy Stone's day were "upwards of $16 per year;" of how Lucy, who couldn't afford the 25 cent letter postage of the day, used to send a newspaper to her family and would underline the words or letters in it which would give her message. Mrs. Stone wasn't the militant type-- she was roundfaced, small , and gentle in her manner. An incident which happened at one of her anti-slavery meetings will illustrate: At that moment, the mob made a rush , and one of the ringleaders, a big man with a club in his hand, sprang up on the platform. Lucy turned to him and said, without hesitation, "This gentleman will take care of me." It touched his feelings, and he declared that he would. Taking her upon one arm, and holding his club in the other hand, he started to march her out through the mob. Lucy Stone and some of her friends wore the bloomer costume for a little while-- it consisted of a small jacket, a full skirt descending a little below the knee, and ankle length trousers-- but gave it up as causing needless criticism of the Movement. (Besides, it couldn't have been attractive!) When short skirts were suggested instead of the trailing dust gatherers which women were wearing then, Susan B. Anthony somberly remarked, "It would only be said that the Bloomers have doffed their pants the better to display their legs." [*SAN JOSE Oct 12/30*] LITERARY NOTES FROM LITTLE, BROWN & CO. Variety is the spice of Little, Brown & Company's September 26 list: "Lucy Stone: Pioneer of Woman's Rights," by Alice Stone Blackwell, and "Seppala: Alaskan Dog Driver," a biography of Leonhard Seppala, who took the diphtheria serum to Nome, by Elizabeth Miller Ricker, owner of the Husky Hero, Togo; "Portrait of a Dog," by Mazo de la Roche, a life of her beloved Scottie, Bunty; a book by a bibliophile for all book lovers, "The Magic of the Book," by William Dana Orcutt; a book by a bibliophile for anybody who has been or is going abroad, "A Tourist in Spite of Himself," by A. Edward Newton, and six books for children which cover a wide range in time and place: "The Singing Sword; the Story of Sir Ogier the Dane" (Medieval France and Denmark during the time of Charlemagne), by Mark Powell Hyde; "The White Captain" (John Smith in Virginia), by Georgia Fraser; "Queen Dido's Treasure" (ancient Carthage), by Ada H. Glanville