BLACKWELL FAMILY ELIZABETH BLACKWELL Printed Matter[*Dr. Eliz. Blackwell with the Compliments of the Class of /71*] Valedictory Address. by MARY A. WATTLES, M. D.VALEDICTORY ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE Second Annual Commencement OF THE Woman's Medical College OF THE New York Infirmary. March 28th, 1871. BY MARY A. WATTLES, Of the Graduating Class. NEW YORK: S. ANGELL, PRINTER, 410 FOURTH AV. 1871.VALEDICTORY. You remember the old coachman, in one of Mrs. Stowe's incomparable novels, who when upbraided by his wife for his ingenious evasion of the young mistress' orders to bring out the horses, replied, "I'd like to know what dis worl'd be comin' to if everybody was such fools as to tell the real reason for eberyting dey was gwine for to do, or wasn't gwine for to do?" The question implies indefinite evil—yet it is my purpose to-night to tell the real reason for some things we have done, and are going to do. And first, I will answer that vexed question, which so harasses our friends and other, "Why do you study medicine?" "Because we want to." To answer why we want to, would be to analyze the remote and predisposing causes of all human activity. Some do it from natural industry. They must be doing4 something-something that shall seem worth while-that shall satisfy in its demands a keen and well-trained intellect, a kind and sympathetic heart ; and they see in the medical profession the promise of absorbing and useful activity. Some from ambition-for the desire to be known for noble deeds, is a sentiment not unknown to women. Some from a natural obstinacy, because some one else has said that they can't do it, or that they sha'n't do it. And some from amiable acquiescence, because some one wishes they should. Some to secure their personal independence by earning their own money to spend it in their own way. And some are led by the fascinations of pure science. Some are actuated by pure pity for the anguish of physical pain, to seek the knowledge of the means for its relief ; and some have chosen the practice of medicine because they want to earn their living by an easy method. I know that sounds strangely in the ears of many of the profession, and I know too that Henry Ward Beecher has placed medicine 5 along with law, life insurance and hod-carrying, among the things that no one must undertake, who wants an easy time. But with respect to ease as to gravity, we speak comparatively. Anything is easy which is easier than some other thing taken as a standard. As a standard in this case we will take school-teaching-since that is the orthodox employment for women who earn their living outside the family circle. It is easier than school teaching, because its daily round of duties is more varied ; their performance requires more out of door exercise, which securing health, makes all things easy ; they are more under the direction and control of the individual. A woman in full health may sustain either position with ease, but how does each treat its votaries in sickness-for I speak of physical ease, not mental. There comes a hasty message for immediate attendance, and what does the doctor say to the messenger ? "I am quite indisposed to-day, and cannot go out. Call my neighbor, Dr.--; she (or he) is eminently able, and will do anything for6 you that can possibly be required." What does the teacher say to herself when the morning bell rings, "I can scarcely stand, but I must go, I can't afford to give up the situation." And the teacher must go every day, through the whole, long term, while the physician may so arrange her appointments as to leave a day occasionally free to herself. As to exposure to the weather, their advantages are about equal. But, with garments suited to the occasion, there is nothing so exhilarating as being out in a storm. To be sure the doctor must sometimes be out in the night, and loss of sleep is grievous to the mortal frame, but then, there is always someone else out at the same time, and one might as well be the doctor as the other party. And if it should happen, that business were so pressing she could not sleep the next day, there were at least some compensation. MR. PRESIDENT, GENTLEMEN AND LADIES OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES,--It is through your instrumentality and liberality that we 7 are enable to-night to take our degrees from a college well-founded, with a course of study thorough, broad, and practical. We thank you for what we have received at your hands, and bespeak for our successors that added interest which their increasing number warrants. The women who first entered the profession of medicine, pursued their course in well-established colleges for men; to which they gained admittance by a slip of the tongue, as it were, of the authorities. For when they found it was not the eccentricity of a few, but the earnest desire of many, to enter and pursue their course, they at once and emphatically closed the doors--for their schools were not arranged upon that basis. We have pursued our course in a college founded expressly for women--taught by men and women; with somewhat extensive advantages for clinical and practical instruction, yet lacking many things which age and large endowments supply to institutions of learning. When, in years to come, a hundred stand8 where we do now, upon the threshold of professional life, shall they have reached their place, by a course, pursued in a college, presided over and taught by women, with clinical instruction received from women, in hospitals for women? The science and art of medicine being created as it were anew, for us, and by us. Or shall the avenues of learning already open, and trod by many feet, be broadened, that we may bear our brothers company, in the attaining and communicating of that knowledge and that skill, to which the suffering look for relief, and the dying for life. TO THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS. For the pleasant evening spent in your society, and your kind permission to spend this evening so much to our mind, we are most dutifully and truly thankful. TO YOU, THE FACULTY, AND CLINICAL PROFESSORS, we would gladly express, although imperfectly, our thanks for your able efforts in our behalf, and our deep apprecia- 9 tion of the scientific enthusiasm, and friendly sincerity, which has characterized your instruction to us. The more gratefully do we acknowledge our indebtedness to you, since we are not wholly ignorant of the criticisms to which your course has subjected you, among your professional associates; feeling confident, however, that in the faithful following of your instructions, and example, your pupils can never give you cause to regret your instrumentality in placing them in the ranks of your profession. LADIES OF THE HOUSE STAFF AND PRESCRIBING PHYSICIANS OF THE DISPENSARY, in parting from you, we sever one of the dearest ties that binds us to the past! Nor can we estimate your loss! When we recall the scores of Eupt. Pack. et Rhei. And Am. Mur. P. V. which we have dispensed in accordance with your graceful hieroglyphics, we cannot but remember such things were, that were most dear to us. We never shall preside again in that fair domain-the Dispensary drug-room! through which the 10 winds of heaven were-not-decorously conducted by a "McKennel's tube." FELLOW-STUDENTS, we abdicate in your favor this same drug-room, with all its privileges, prerogatives, and-perquisites. Also all the front seats in the lecture-room, and the Infirmary Wards. We hope sincerely that you may find them pleasant and profitable, and resign them, in turn, to your successors, improved and enlarged. CLASSMATES, we here take our formal farewell of each other. A few minutes hence we will take the genuine farewell behind the curtain. It becomes my duty to give the few words in conclusion. We met not long ago as strangers, but in the few short months and years we have been together, we have learned to know, and love each other well. We have studied and worked through many hard days and nights together, theory in books, and practice in rear attics. We have "gone rapidly" from bone to muscle, and from cell to cerebrum. We have accom- 11 plished, with varying success, the "circle of Willis." Epithelial cells, and Malpighian corpuscles have earnestly sought our acquaintance; and we have reconciled our minds to acids which are not sour, and salts which are not salty. The riches of the mineral and vegetable worlds are placed at our hand, and the gases are not withheld. "True respiratory murmur" and "mitral nonregurgitant" are entities upon which we confidently rely. The beautiful fate of the liberal founder of Rhode Island, gives us a foretaste of that poet sentence which remands us all "to mix forever with the elements." "The practical points!" how shall we sufficiently appreciate the clearness and thoroughness with which they have been taught us. Now we go home, and in the interval between graduation and the assuming of professional duties, the time will not be wasted, if in it we increase our already acquired expertness in "tying the common carotid." We go again into the world from which we came. It has witnessed many changes 12 since we have been closed in by college walls, with our mental horizon bounded by GRAY and FLINT. But these will not account for its changed aspect to us. We look at it with other eyes, than those we used. More clearly, I hope, and more truly, we discern its needs, and recognize what we may justly demand of it, and it require of us. We ask uncompromising, unprejudiced judgement. If our work is well, we claim the reward of well-doing. If it is ill, we claim the reward of ill-doing. We want no flattery -no undeserved praise. But we do want the praise we earn, and just encouragement. And now, friends, good night. Good-by, our Alma Mater. Classmates, we go now to do our own work in the world, and though we could not acknowledge the same motive in it, we have accepted the same talisman to our method, making it the motto of our Class of '71, "FIDELITER." Second ANNUAL ANNOUNCEMENT AND CONSTITUTION OF THE NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE FOR WOMEN AND HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN. [*724 Broadway*] [*Near 8th Street*] Incorporated April 18th, 1863. NEW YORK: Published by The Trustees, 1864.SECOND ANNUAL ANNOUNCEMENT AND CONSTITUTION OF THE NEW YORK Medical College for Women AND HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN. Incorporated April 18th, 1863. NEW YORK: PUBLISHED BY THE TRUSTEES, 1864.BAKER & GODWIN, Print RS, Printing-House Square, opposite City Hall New York. BOARD OF TRUSTEES. MRS. WM. H. GREENOUGH, President 45 W. 16th Street. MRS. DR. I. M. WARD, 1st Vice-President Newark, N. J. MRS. CHARLOTTE F. WELLS, 2d " " 50 Morton Street. MRS. Dr. BAYARD, 3r " " No. 5 W. 14th Street. MRS. RICHARD T. HAINES, 4th " " Elizabeth, N. J. MRS. JONATHAN STURGES, 5th " " No. 5 E. 14th Street. MRS. AMOS C. WHITE, Recording Secretary No. 237 W. 32d Street. MRS. H. B. ELLIOTT, Corresponding Secretary No. 1 London terrace, 23d St. MISS LYDIA E. RUSHBY, Treasurer 112 W. 23d Street. MRS. RICHARD B. CONNOLLY 54 W. 37th Street. MRS. M. G. LANE 84 Fourth Avenue. MRS. THOMAS D. JAMES 243 W. 31st Street. MRS. MARGARET AUSTIN 245 W. 42d Street. MRS. ANNA BROUWER 161 E. 18th Street. MRS. DR. BANER 18 E. 20th Street. MRS. JAMES PARTRIDGE 234 W. 32d Street. MRS. DR. J. T. EVANS 123 Madison Avenue. MRS. S. R. I. BENNETT 58 W. 29th Street. MRS. ELIZ. CADY STANTON 75 W. 45th Street. MRS. J. R. DAVIS 187 E. 20th Street. MRS. C. C. NORTH MRS. C. S. KNAPP Bloomingdale. MRS. L. M. WARD Brooklyn. MRS. DR. LAFON Newark, N. J. MRS. R. H. BLATCHFORD No. 6 E. 14th Street. MRS. D. E. SACKETT 234 W. 32d Street. MRS. ANNA C. VAN NESS No. 103 E. 31st Street.ADVISORY COUNCIL Prof. THEODORE DWIGHT, LL. D. JAMES T. BRADY, ESQ. JONATHAN STURGES, ESQ. Rev. H. B. ELLIOTT. Hon. RICAHRD B. CONNOLLY. EDWARD BAYARD, M. D. B. F. BOWERS, M. D. L. HALLOCK, M. D. A. S. BALL, M. D. E. E. MARCY, M. D. I. M. WARD, M. D. L. T. WARNER, M. D. B. F. JOSLIN, M. D. ---- CENSORS J. T. EVANS, M. D. E. M. KELLOGG, M. D. Miss ELMIRA L. FOWLER, M. D. H. M. SMITH, M. D. FACULTY. Mrs. CLEMENCE S. LOZIER, M. D., Professor of Diseases of Women and Children, and President of the Faculty. I. M. WARD, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics and Medical Jurisprudence. JOHN ELLIS, M. D., Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine. J. R. ANDREWS, M. D., Professor of the Principles and Practice of Surgery. Mrs. SARAH M. ELLIS, M. D., Professor of Anatomy. JAMES HYATT, Professor of Chemistry and Toxicology. Mrs. HULDAH ALLEN, M. D., Professor of Physiology and Hygiene. CARROLL DUNHAM, M. D., Professor of Therapeutics and Materia Medica. A. W. LOZIER, M. D., Lecturer on Microscopic Anatomy and Pathology. Demonstrator of Anatomy.STUDENTS. Term of 1863-64. Mrs. HARRIET E. HALL. Peterboro', N. Y. Miss ANNA A. MANNING New London, Ct. Miss EMILY C. SCHETTLER New York City. Miss MARY E. TRACY Cromwell, Ct. Mrs. ELIZABETH D. WRIGHT New York City. Mrs. FANNY WEBBER San Francisco, Cal. Mrs. ELIZABETH B. A. HAMILTON New York City. Mrs. ELOISE B. SMITH Boston, Mass. Miss HARRIET CLISBY Australia. Miss S. AMELIA BARNET Newark, N. J. Mrs. FRANCIS L. BOND New York City. Mrs. AMELIA G. POLLOCK " " " Miss SARAH E. BISSELL " " " Mrs. ANNA C. VAN NESS " " " Miss JANE E. SPALDING Cold Water, Mich. Mrs. ELVINA LANE New York City. Miss JOSEPHINE PARSONS " " " Mrs. MARGARET COOPER " " " REPORT. The Board of Managers are happy in announcing, at the close of the first session, an unparalleled prosperous state of the Collegiate Department, giving promise of such usefulness as cheers the hearts of its friends and patrons. It was with tremulous anxiety they first announced their purpose of establishing and maintaining a scientific Medical College for the thorough medical education of women. At the opening of the doors of the College, quietly effected, eighteen students were found waiting to enter for the enjoyment of its privileges. That, therefore, which was regarded by some as an experiment, with feelings of pride we confidently proclaim a permanency, and ask for it a place on the list of philanthropic medical institutions of our country. Being the first in this city, it may be regarded as an index of advancing civilization, as well as in its character marking the progressive era in medical science. The students of the College, by legislative provision, participate in all the advantages derived from an attendance at the Bellevue Hospital and the great public charities on Blackwell's and Randall's Islands; and during the past winter our students have availed themselves of these facilities for medical and surgical instruction. In addition to these, the Hospital for Women and Children exclusively, for which we are just now receiving enlarged Legislative provision, will be opened during the coming season, and will give to the class of students in attendance upon the next Course of Lectures, such advantages for Clinical Instruction as will be enjoyed by women in no other part of the world. Material for Anatomical Instruction is so abundantly furnished as to meet the most enlarged desire of the student. The session for 1864 and 5 will commence on the third Tuesday of October, and will continue until the first of March. The Introductory Lecture will be delivered at the College on Tuesday evening, October the 18th, at 8 o'clock.8 FEES. Fees for each Professor's Ticket, $10 Matriculation, 5 Demonstrator's Ticket, 5 Graduation, 20 Graduates of other Colleges 30 Ladies desirous of obtaining Anatomical, Physiological, Sanitary, or Curative knowledge, can procure tickets to the courses of lectures on such subjects. Ladies who wish Medical Instruction, the better to fit themselves for Missionary labor among the Heathen, will be privileged to attend the lectures without charge. Ladies who propose to devote themselves to the work of Nursing in our Hospitals, in the Christian or Sanitary Commission, or Freedman's Associations, will find our instruction to possess unrivaled advantages in qualifying themselves for such work. A Free Dispensary for Women and Children will be opened daily from 12 to 2 o'clock (Sundays excepted), where gratuitous advice and medicines will be given to those who apply. Some one of the Professors will be in daily attendance during the sessions of the College, and will make such Clinical remarks as the case may suggest, for the benefit of the attending students. APPLICATION OF STUDENTS. Persons wishing to enter the institution as medical students, or to attend one or more of the Courses of Lectures, or obtain any information respecting the course of instruction, may make application to the Dean of the College. OBJECTS OF THE INSTITUTION. Our work is two-fold: First, the education of women to meet the wide-spread, imperative demand for female practitioners in some department of medical practice-- a need that will continue to exist, if purity and modesty are the crowning excellencies of the female character, till woman is restored to the position she once occupied in the profession, working in her appropriate sphere, as man does in his. The last two centuries have been characterized by enlarged 9 means of instruction in all the departments of medical science, and the enjoyment of educational facilities commensurate with the discoveries in science. One of the sexes has enjoyed these advantages; they have not been extended to women; hence the loss of the position she was wont to occupy. The half-educated midwife cannot compete with the educated modern physician. We should not, then, be regarded as innovators, but rather restorers, in our efforts to give to women the advantages of a scientific medical education, leaving to providence the adjustment of her reation to the other sex in this work. The derangements growing out of the peculiar organization of the female are liable to be misunderstood, because the relation usually existing between the patient and physician forbids that through investigation which is indispensable to their roper treatment. Impressed with the conviction, that this state of things has been prolific of a vast amount of suffering that might have been alleviated, --often the cause of death that could have been averted,-- woman's heart has been moved to claim, as her rightful prerogative, the privileges of an education that will qualify her to administer to the relief of the suffering of her sex. It is to us a cheering omen, that, among the most enlightened nations of the world, the subject of the medical education of females is now being agitated. The National Quarterly Review says: "We believe women to be the most efficient and proper practitioners with their own sex; * * * but it is neither right nor safe that they should be allowed to practice without full opportunities for study and observation; and these we do not believe can be obtained until there are Medical Colleges exclusively for them, and Female Hospitals where female students can perfect themselves by observation and practice." The London Lancet, noticing the discussions in England growing out of this tendency of the age, also says: "There is no objection to the admission of females to practice among women and children, if they provide the means of qualifying themselves to do so." In accordance with these admissions, and in view of the fact that collegiate female institutions are now being founded in our country on as liberal a scale as any of the best Colleges for young men, thus securing to ladies as thorough a preparation for the study of the natural sciences as is enjoyed by young men, this institution was established to secure to women a thorough and scientific medical education.10 Anatomy, Physiology and Hygiene are at the present day made a part of female education; and who can more appropriately fill such departments of instruction in all the female seminaries and colleges in our country than the educated woman? Possibly it may be admitted that such lady teacher of anatomy, physiology and hygiene, having charge of the health and recreation department, if at the same time a thoroughly educated physician, might be physician, too, to the establishment. The late Thomas H. Benton remarked, "I think a matron physician should be attached to every seminary for the education of girls. Their own knowledge and experience would tell them when to make inquiries; and their motherly character would enable them to draw out revelations (before it should be too late) on which future health, or life itself, might depend." The prejudices that trammel the human mind in every effort that it makes at progress, attends the subject of female medical education, now being agitated. Of this, though somewhat embarrassing to us in our work, we do not complain. Indeed, we have expected to meet it; strange indeed would it be, if it were not so; and yet we rejoice in the indications that Providence is fast dispelling such prejudice. As the history of the war in which our country is engaged is being written, the names of women are seen to shine here and there on its pages, some of them most conspicuously, for their labors to the sick and wounded soldiers in our hospitals. Of such, some distinguished for their talents and medical acquirements (yet modestly and faithfully devoting themselves as nurses for the soldiers' benefit) have laid down their lives. That all the women who have so heroically responded to their country's call (calmly and obscurely laying themselves on their country's altar, with no halo of martial glory encircling their brow) would have been more efficient laborers, possessed of a medical education, no one can any more doubt than that the philanthropic labors of a Dix or a Nightingale, guided by medical acquirements, would have been of far greater benefit to those to whom they ministered. HOSPITAL DEPARTMENT. We have said our work was two-fold. As noble as is the medical education of women, to many it may seem obscured in the grander one of establishing and maintaining a general hospital for women and children, which in its character shall be truly a charity, 11 and in its capacity commensurate with the demands of the age. Never has the time for such an effort been more opportune, or the demand for its immediate institution been more imperious. In the disturbing element which war has introduced in our social state, the excess of our female population may not be less than a million; and from the loss of father, brother or son, on whom the mother, sister or daughter was dependent, many of this excess will crowd our city, as they are already beginning to do, in search of employment for the attainment of the means of a livelihood. Never, perhaps, was there the time when every avenue to female labor was more diligently sought, or more anxiously trodden, than at the present moment. The compensation for labor being disproportionately small, compared with that of the opposite sex, proves barely sufficient to meet her demands when well, so that when sickness comes, it at once associates itself with absolute dependency. For such a condition of things, no adequate provision has yet been made in our city.* Convinced of such a need, the Board of Trustees, composed of Christian ladies with some experiences in benevolent labor, and with a pledge of assistance in a well-selected board of advising counselors of business and medical men, on whom they lean in all matters of business polity and the constitution of the medical staff, have resolved, in reliance upon Divine aid, to assume the weighty responsibilities of such a work, and make their appeal to the public for support. To the man of wealth-to the princely merchant-to the retired gentleman of means, we appeal for aid, in our endeavors to establish a Woman's Hospital; help us in laying a foundation on which to rear one of the grandest institutions of the age. Your reward will be in the consciousness that suffering ones in generations yet to come will bless with tears of gratitude its noble patrons. From him who gives his daily toil to meet his daily wants, we ask a pittance. To the Christian lady, whose heart ever responds to appeals for charitable aid, will an institution in which the faithful domestic, in *The Woman's Hospital in Madison Avenue, known as "Sims' Hospital," and the Infirmary for Women on Washington Heights, recently projected, as worthy institutions as they may be, are simply for the treatment of special diseases, and with two-fold more reference to pay patients than the million for whom provision is contemplated in this institution. 12 the hour of sickness and decrepitude, may find a home, be especially commended. The hospital tax, levied on the emigrant on his arrival in our city, secures to him admission to our alms-house hospital in the hour of his need. May not the working women in our stores, our workshops, and our manufactories, unite their mites in a voluntary offering for the securing of a home where, in the hour of sickness, Christian kindnesses, administered by the sympathizing of their sex, may alleviate their suffering, or strew with flowers their pathway to the grave? From every young man, who has a sister or female friend who may need this charity, or a heart to sympathize with our suffering sex, we ask a pittance. To all, of whatever class, to whom our appeal may come, we say we have no arguments, with which to urge it, more potent than the nature of the charity itself. God's poor are to be provided for in our institution. They are to be the recipients of this charity. Most truly do their claims for assistance, as well as for our pity, bear a divine signet. Blessed are all they who honor them by an appro- priation from their earthly treasures. He who is represented as sitting over against, and having his eye upon the treasury, will say: "Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these, ye have done it unto me." All business communications, respectuing the College and Hos- pital, may be addressed to I. M. WARD, M. D., Dean and Financial Agent, 41 West 23d Street. CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS of the BOARD OF TRUSTEES. PREAMBLE. The object of this body shall be to promote the public good, by establishing and maintaining a Scientific Medical College, for the thorough medical education of women -- for affording ladies a course of instruction in Physiology and Hygiene, and in the art of nursing and taking care of the sick, and also for ameliorating the sufferings of our sex, by esablishing and maintaining a Hospital for Women and Children. ARTICLE I. Officers. The officers of this Board shall consist of a President, Vice-presidents, a Recording and Corresponding Secretary, and Treasurer. ARTICLE II. Duties of Officers. Sec. 1. The President shall preside at the meetings of this Board, decide all points of order, and exercise the powers usually pertaining to her office. Sec. 2. The Vice-Presidents shall, in their order, possess the power and perform the duties of the President, in the absence of that officer. Sec. 3. The Recording Secretary shall keep a record of the proceedings of the Board; shall read the minutes of the preceeding meeting; give notice of special meetings; shall receive the funds contributed, record the same, and deposit them with the Treasurer. Sec. 4. The Corresponding Secretary shall conduct the general correspondence, and make the annual report to the Regents of the University. Sec. 5. The Treasurer shall take charge of the funds, and shall deposit the same in one of the City Banks, as Treasurer of the Board of Trustees; keep an account of all receipts and disbursements; she shall report the financial conditions at each meeting, and exhibit an exact and summary report at the annual meeting.14 ARTICLE III. Executive Committee. An Executive Committee of seven shall be appointed, who shall have power to secure proper buildings, and call upon the Treasurer for funds for needed outlays. ARTICLE IV. Government. The transactions and proceedings of this Board shall be governed by the rules usually observed in parliamentary bodies, and each meeting shall be opened by silent or oral prayer, thus recognizing Divine guidance by seeking a consecration of its beneficent aims. ARTICLE V. Meetings and elections. The stated meetings of the Board shall be held on the first Saturday of every month during the year (excepting the months of July and August), at such place and hour as may be designed by the board at its previous meeting. The order of business to be as follows: 1st. At the hour appointed, the chair will be taken and prayer offered. 2d. The roll shall then be called, and the names of all present recorded. 3d. The minutes of the preceeding meeting shall then be read. 4th. Reports from Committees will then be in order. 5th. Miscellaneous business. The Annual Meeting shall be held on the day of Commencement, at which meeting the officers of the Board shall be elected for the ensuing year, and also an Advisory Council of seven or more individuals, who shall advise in all matters of business polity, and a Board of Censors, consisting of five Physicians. The officers of this Board shall be elected by ballot, and determined by a majority vote. A majority vote of those present at any meeting shall be sufficient for the election of a Professor, but a two-thirds vote shall be necessary for the removal of the same, when a majority of the Trustees shall be present. The nomination of candidates to fill vacant Professorships must be made by the Faculty of the College and the Advisory Council. ARTICLE VI. five members shall constitute a quorum to transact business. ARTICLE VII. Absence for six months from the regular meetings of the Board, without satisfactory reasons, shall be accounted a resignation of membership. 15 ARTICLE VIII. Faculty. The Faculty shall consist of eight Professors, viz: A Professor of Diseases of Women and Children. A Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine. A Professor of the Principles and Practice of Surgery. A Professor of Obstetrics and Medical Jurisprudence. A Professor of Chemistry and Toxicology. A Professor of Anatomy. A Professor of Physiology and Hygiene. A Professor of Therapeutics and Materia Medica., The Faculty shall appoint their own officers, and conduct all affairs relating to the proper performance of their duties, free from all supervision of this Board. They shall have power to expel at any meeting, by a two-thirds vote, any student for misbehavior or other sufficient cause, and such action shall be final. They shall decide upon the books to be used in this College, and the number of lectures to be delivered by each Professor during each session, and have power to appoint lectures for the enlargement of the department of instruction. They shall appoint a Demonstrator of Anatomy and the Curator of the College Museum. They shall be authorized to make needful deductions of fees, in special cases, to poor students. They shall report, through the Dean, to this Board at the close of each session. At the close of the session an examination shall be held of the candidates for graduation, by the examining Board, consisting of the Professors and Censors, upon whose recommendation to the Board of Trustees, the degree of Doctor of Medicine shall be conferred. ARTICLE IX. Terms and fees. Sec. 1. The fall term shall begin on the third Monday in October of each year, and close on the last of February. The Commencement will take place on the first week in March, Fees for each Professor's Ticket, $10 00 Matriculation, 5 00 Demonstrator's Ticket, 5 00 Graduation, 20 00 Graduates of other Colleges--Graduation, 30 00 Se. 2. Any lady, desirous of obtaining Physiological, Anatomical, or Sanitary instruction, can procure tickets to the regular Course of Lectures of one or more Professors, at the price paid by the students, viz., $10. ARTICLE X. Matriculation and graduation. Students must possess a good moral character, and have a fair English education, before applying for instruction at this College. Each student shall, previously to graduation, write and file a statement with16 the Dean, assuring the Faculty of having compiled with all the necessary conditions of graduation, and shall write a Thesis on some medical subject. ARTICLE XI. CONTRIBUTION. Sec. 1. Any person contributing $100 to the funds of this College, shall entitle the contributor to the privilege of having one student in attendance for one Course of Lectures, and a ticket to Bellevue Hospital for one year. Sec. 2. Any person donating $250 to this College, shall have the right to confer one Scholarship, to extend through two full Courses of Lectures, covering all expenses, with Graduation. Ten thousand dollars will endow a Professorship in this College. A Charity Hospital for Women and Children, and a Dispensary for the Poor, in connection with the College, shall be organized and sustained as soon as sufficient funds can be secured. AMENDMENTS. These By-Laws may be amended by a two-thirds vote of the members present at any annual meeting, provided written notice thereof, signed by two members, shall have been given one meeting previously thereto. The form of bequest shall be as follows:-ITEM: "I,-, give and bequeath to the Trustees of the New York Medical College for Women and Hospital for Women and Children, the sum of- dollars, to be paid by my executors, out of my real or personal estate, as soon as the settlement of my affairs will permit, to the Treasurer of said Institution, for the time being, in trust, to be applied by the said Trustees to the educational or humane purposes of the said Institution." The New York Infirmary FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN. Reprinted from a work on "the Charitable Institution of New York."THE NEW YORK INFIRMARY FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 126 Second Avenue. THIS institution was organized in December, 1853, under the general Incorporation Act, for the following purposes:— I. To afford poor women the opportunity of consulting physicians of their own sex. II. To assist educated women in the practical study of medicine. III. To form a school for instruction in nursing and the laws of health. The medical service of the institution, which is conducted entirely by female physicians, is given in three ways:— 1. By a Free Dispensary. This is open every morning to all women and children who apply during the regular hours; they are furnished with advice and medicine without charge. This Dispensary is under the daily charge of the attendant physicians. 2. By visiting the sick at their own houses. This department is under the charge of the assistant physician and students, who report to the Attending Physician any case of serious disease. I2 THE NEW YORK INFIRMARY 3. By receiving patients into the house. The entire second floor of the house has been thrown into one large ward, with bath-room and nurses' bedroom attached to it. This ward holds comfortably fourteen beds, the greater part of which have always been given free to sick women and children, as far as the means of the establishment would allow. Patients have been received, not only from all parts of the city, but from adjoining States. In many cases they have sought relief here, after suffering for years without being willing to apply to any other charity. Since 1856, over 40,000 patients have been relieved by it. Thirty-one students have been received, who have resided usually from one to two years in the house, and nineteen nurses have been trained and established in the city. This institution is interesting as being the first medical charity established by female physicians, and as the first hospital organized for the instruction of women in practical medicine. At the beginning of this new movement, Drs. Elizabeth and Emily Blackwell, and two or three of their immediate successors in the profession, were educated in the ordinary medical schools; but as applications from women became more numerous, these institutions, not being prepared to extend these exceptional admissions indefinitely, declined to continue to admit them. As a consequence, separate schools for women immediately sprang up; but these FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 3 beginning with small means and small classes, confined their teaching almost exclusively to simple courses of lectures, and gave no opportunity for practical observation and study, while all existing hospitals and dispensaries were rigidly closed to women both as physicians and students. Under these circumstances, Drs. Elizabeth and Emily Blackwell, supported by a few warm friends of this new effort, determined to found an institution in New York, which should supply what was then the most pressing need of female students, the opportunity to see and take part in actual practice. Other considerations also led to the giving to the new institution the form of a hospital rather than that of a college. It was necessary to prove that ordinary medical practice could be successfully conducted by women, and this could most effectually be done by public practice among the poor, where the results were open to the observation of all. Moreover, the practical work of the dispensary or hospital, however small, afforded valuable opportunities for forming connections with the profession, and obtaining openings into other city charities for the students of the Infirmary, since the public charitable practice of such institutions in a common meeting ground for the whole profession, free from the restrictions which individual interests necessarily raise about private practice, schools, and classes. This point was the more important, as it was the desire of the little group who began what it was hoped might prove a4 THE NEW YORK INFIRMARY valuable educational institution for women, not only to give a more practical form to their medical studies, but also to bring them more in connection with he organized system of public instruction for men, and thus to diminish the isolation in which these new female institutions found themselves. Finally there was the practical fact that the first female physician settled in New York received many applications for medical advice from poor women, and it was only by such a charity that these services could be effectually rendered. The Infirmary began as a small dispensary in a single room near Tompkins Square, with a capital of fifty dollars, attended three times a week by a single physician, with the following organization: -- Trustees. Stacy B. Collins, | Henry J. Raymond, Charles Butler, | Charles A. Dana, Robert Haydock | Richard H. Manning, Theodore Sedgwick, | Richard H. Bowne, Cyrus W. Field, | Robert White, Simeon Draper, | Edward C. West, Horace Greeley, | Benjamin Flanders, Dennis Harris, | Marcus Spring, Charles W. Foster, | Elizabeth Blackwell. Attending Physician. Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell. Consulting Physicians.1 Dr. Willard Parker, | Dr. Isaac E. Taylor, Dr. R. S. Kissam, | Dr. Geo. P. Cammann. 1 The late Dr. Valentine Mott and Dr. John Watson were also consulting surgeons and kind friends of the New York Infirmary. 5 FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN. When three years later, the medical staff of the institution was increased by the return of Dr. Emily Blackwell from Europe, and the arrival in the city of Dr. Marie E. LaKrzewska, now resident in Boston, who proved a valuable co-worker in the early years of the Infirmary, a house was taken, and the hospital department was added. To this step a host of objections was raised by those whom the early friends of the institution attempted to interest in their effort. They were told that no one would let a house for the purpose, that female doctors would be looked on with so much suspicion that the police would interfere; that if deaths occurred, their death certificates would not be recognized; that they would be resorted to by classes and persons whom it would be an insult to be called on to deal with; that without men as resident physicians, they would not be able to control the patients; that if any accident occurred, not only the medical profession but the public would blame the Trustees for supporting such an undertaking, and finally, that they would never be able to collect money for so unpopular an effort. Through a cloud of discouragement and distrust, the little institution steadily worked its way, its few friends holding to it the more firmly for the difficulties it experienced. The practice was conducted entirely by women; but from the first a board of consulting physicians, men of high standing in the profession, gave it the support and sanction of their names.6 THE NEW YORK INFIRMARY In its fourth year, the Infirmary was placed by both the State and the City on the list of institutions receiving assistance from public donations, on the ground of its being the only woman's charity; a step, valuable not only from the pecuniary aid thus given, but from the sort of official recognition it implied, which greatly assisted the Infirmary in many of its early dealings. From the beginning the Infirmary was received into favor by the poor. Its practice has only been limited by its means, and the smallness of its staff. Women and children, suffering from non-infectious diseases, midwifery patients, and cases of female disease, were received so far as beds could be furnished. While the practice of the Infirmary has never been of a general surgical character, the rule was early adopted that all operations necessitated by its practice should be performed by its attending female physicians. The following anecdote may illustrate how real was the isolation in which the first women found themselves in practice, and how much weight there was in some of the doubts entertained by their early friends. When for the first time an operation became necessary for a patient of the Infirmary, one of the board of consulting physicians, since deceased, was asked to be present. The little group of doctors and assistants waited for more than an hour for his appearance, FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN 7 a delay which was caused by his thinking it necessary, on finding that the operation was to be performed by a woman, to consult one of his most eminent medical friends as to the propriety and wisdom of sanctioning so novel a proceeding by his presence. All the early friends of the institution can testify, however, as to how invaluable was his steady and generous support, after he had once taken his stand, in the early difficulties which beset the first efforts of these comparatively young and inexperienced workers. In 1862, after the public lectures given by Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, on her return from Europe, a subscription was raised which enabled the Trustees to purchase the house now occupied by the Infirmary. In the early part of the War, a meeting of the Lady Managers was called at the Infirmary to consider if the Infirmary could do anything toward supplying the want of trained nurses, so widely felt after the first battles. A notice of the meeting to be held having accidentally found its way into the "Times" newspaper, the parlors of the Infirmary, to the surprise of the little group of managers as they arrived, were found to be crowded with ladies; an impromptu meeting was held, at which Dr. Bellows and Dr. Elisha Harris were present, and it was recognized that the whole movement was far too wide to be confined to the efforts of so small an institution, therefore a committee of ladies was appointed to obtain signatures to a call, written at the time, for the 8 THE NEW YORK INFIRMARY public meeting of ladies at Cooper Institute, in which originated the Ladies' Central Aid Society; and in the early period of that society, some of the ladies and physicians of the Infirmary were among the active workers. Among the first nurses sent to Washington were some of the students of the Infirmary, one of whom died in the service of the hospital to which she was attached. In 1865, the Trustees, feeling that the institution was now firmly established in public favor, applied to the Legislature for a charter, conferring college powers upon the institution. They took this step by the advice of some of the leading physicians of the city. Their own feeling had always been adverse to the formation of an entirely separate school for women. The first female physicians connected with the Infirmary having all been educated in medical schools for men, felt very strongly the advantage of admission to the large organized system of public instruction already existing for men, and also the benefits of the association with men as instructors and companions in the early years of medical study. It was strongly their wish to have made arrangements with some good recognized city school to admit, under suitable arrangements, a class of students chosen by the Infirmary, rather than to add another to the list of female colleges already existing. FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 9 Finding, however, by consultation with the different city schools that such arrangements could not at present be made, they, by the advice of their consulting board, obtained a college charter, and opened a subscription for a college fund. Two old and generous friends gave $5,000 each to begin an educational fund of $100,000, to be used in providing the best possible instruction under their charter, either in the Infirmary, or in any other institution, as might be found most practicable. $25,000 have been subscribed and paid in upon this fund. Some courses of preliminary instruction have already been given, and the Trustees hope eventually to see a complete and thorough course of education opened to women in connection with the Infirmary. During the last year, the institution having been aided by a generous donation from Mr. Rose, an assistant has been engaged especially for sanitary work among the poor, her duties being to distribute tracts on hygiene, to explain and impress rational ideas with regard to hygiene and the care of children, etc., etc. The need of such work has always been felt by the Infirmary, and to assist in spreading such knowledge the institution has reprinted at its own expense some of the tracts published by the Ladies' Sanitary Association of London.10 THE NEW YORK INFIRMARY Trustees of The New York Infirmary and Woman's Medical College. 1867. WILLIAM T. BLODGETT, | MRS. HENRY BAYLIS, RICHARD H. BOWNE, | MRS. GEO. CURTIS, ROBERT CAMPBELL, | MRS. H. K. CORNING, HULL CLARK, | MRS. AMOS R. ENO, STACY B. COLLINS, | MRS. JANE U. FERRIS, CHAS. C. DODGE, | MRS. C. K. GRIFFIN, SMITH ELY, JR., | MRS. J. T. KIRBY, CYRUS W. FIELD, | MRS. JAS. MCKAYE, WM. H. FOGG, | MRS. R. G. MITCHELL, ROBT. HAYDOCK, | MRS. CLAYTON NEWBOLD, CHAS. P. KIRKLAND, | MRS. JOHN PAINE, ROBT. B. MINTURN, | MRS. C. R. ROBERT, EDWIN D. MORGAN, | MRS. MARSHALL O. ROBERTS, ALFRED PELL, JR., | MRS. ISAAC RUSSELL, HENRY J. RAYMOND, | MRS. PETER TOWNSEND, MAHLON DAY SANDS | MRS. E. W. TUCKERMAN, CHAS. B. TATHAM, | MRS. VAN DEN HEUVAL, CHAS. TRACY, | MRS. JAS. R. WOOD, MERRITT TRIMBLE, | MRS. JAS. B. WRIGHT, LUCIUS TUCKERMAN, | MISS ELIZABETH BLACKWELL, SAMUEL WILLETS, | MISS EMILY BLACKWELL, JOHN E. WILLIAMS, | MISS MARY COLLINS, MISS MARY GELSTON. Attending Physicians. Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, | Dr. Emily Blackwell. Assistant Physicians. Dr. Lucy M. Abbott, | Dr. Eliza J. Chapin. 11 FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN. Consulting Physicians and Surgeons. WILLARD PARKER, M. D., | ISAAC E. TAYLOR, M. D., JAMES R. WOOD, M. D., | GUSTAVUS A. SABINE, M. D., WM. H. VAN BUREN, M. D., | AUSTIN FLINT, M. D., THOS. A. EMMET, M. D., | THOS. F. COCK, M. D. ---- New York Infirmary for Women and Children in Account with Robert Haydock, Treasurer. Dr. Cr. ____________________________________________________________- To Cash paid sundry drafts | By Balance on hand, January ex-committee for House | 5th, 1867 $138 48 Expenses, 1867 $4,156 10 | By Cash received for Subscriptions To Cash for Gas 132 07 | 557 00 " Croton Water 17 00 | " for Donations 875 00 " Coal 165 10 | " from State 500 45 " Fire Insurance 42 50 | " " Chauncey W. " Painting 86 50 | " " Rose, Esq. 5,000 00 " Printing 61 00 | " " Peter Lorillard, " One Year's Interest | Esq. 1,000 00 on Mortgage, | " " 3,000 7.30 3,177 00 January 12th 420 00 | " " Interest on " Interest on Mortgage | same 155 40 to November | " " Pay Patients 429 00 15th 348 83 | " on account of Principal | of Mortgage 5,000 00 | To Balance 1,403 73 | __________ | _______________ $ 11,832 83 | $ 11, 832 83 | By Balance, January 3d, 1868 $1,407 73 ____________________________________________________________________________________ FORM OF A BEQUEST. I give and bequeath to the managers of the NEW YORK INFIRMARY FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN, the sum of dollars, to be paid by my Executors out of my real or personal12 THE NEW YORK INFIRMARY, ETC. estate, as soon as the settlement of my affairs will permit, to the Treasurer of said institution for the time being, in trust, to be applied by the said managers to the humane purposes of said institution.[*Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell With the Complimentary of the Association*] ALUMNAE ASSOCIATION "Qui Non Proficit, Deficit." 1871.REPORT OF THE ANNIVERSARY MEETING OF THE Alumnae Association OF THE Woman's Medical College OF THE NEW YORK INFIRMARY. Held at the Infirmary, March 24th, 1871. PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE ASSOCIATION. New York: S. ANGELL, PRINTER, 410 FOURTH AV. 1871. Officers 1871. President, ELIZA B. PHELPS, M. D. Vice Presidents, EMMA C. WARD, M. D. CELESTIA S. LORING, M. D. Secretary, MARY A. WATTLES, M. D. Treasurer, ANNE A. ANGELL, M. D. College Historian, EMMA C. WARD, M. D. Board of Counselors, E. B. PHELPS, M. D. Class of 1870. A. A. ANGELL, M. D., Class of 1871. INTRODUCTORY. LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, IT is with pleasure we welcome you this evening to the First Anniversary Meeting of the Alumnae Association of the Woman's Medical College of the N. Y. Infirmary. As an association organized one year ago for the expressed purpose of securing good fellowship among its members, and by combined efforts promoting the interests of Alma Mater, we meet you here to-night, not so much to rehearse what we have done during the past year, as to further the onward progress of our work, by securing the interest and sympathies of our friends, to whom we speak pleasant greeting through our Salutary, by Dr. Wm. B. Lewis. C. A. LORING, M. D., Pres. Dr. Lewis after depicting in a serio-humorous manner his feelings on the receipt of his invitation either to deliver a poem, or a funny speech, greeted the Association with words of cordial cheer. After enlarging upon the value of such an association, he showed the desirableness of forming it at the outset, as after the Alumni had scattered, it was difficult to obtain any accurate report of them, and instanced the experience of the College of which he was a graduate, which found, after persistent effort, that it was impossible to complete their records. The speaker then took occasion to countenance a liberal and generous treatment towards those, who, in their method of practice, differed from us, as he was quite sure that by recognizing their conscientiousness and moral worth, while maintaining our own principles with firmness, we took away the surest way of killing the error, and of preserving honorable, and fraternal relations. Finally, work was counseled as the talisman to success, and though not in the words of Emerson it breathed enough of his spirit to be expressed by his saying, "There is no road to success but to take off your coat and work like a digger on the railroad, all day and every day."REPORT FROM THE COLLEGE HISTORIAN. ---- New York, March 23d, 1871. My Dear College Historian, After considerable delay, and no little pertinacity, I have elicited the following authenticated facts, and will proceed to relate them as vivaciously as though I was imparting to you a bit of interesting intelligence, and hope you will receive them with all the gusto their freshness deserves. Know then that we five-- was there ever such another five?-- have none of us, as yet, committed the unprofessional indiscretion of getting married, but have been during the past year steadily and entirely engaged in professional work. We have all, by a noticeable coincidence, gravitated back to the shadow of our Alma Mater, who like a dear, good motherly hen, has cluckled us under her wings, and fed us with dainty tit bits till we have felt our souls growing strong within us, and are ready to spend the life she has given and nourished in an attempt to enhance her influence and honor her teachings. To come down to details. Dr. Morgan and myself were the only two hard at work through the long, hot summer. Dr. Morgan came in from Flushing every day to attend Dr. Greene's Dispensary for her in her absence. Since then she has located in the city, is attending to private practice, and is the Assistant to the College Clinique on Diseases of the Skin, not to mention the arduous duties which, as Secretary of the Alumnae Association, devolve upon her. Dr. Mitchell went home for the summer, but even then you may be sure she was not idle. Practice perhaps, was only after a desultory manner, but there was a good summer's work done in the study of the microscope, not only in the use of it herself, but in exciting an interest and delight in it, among others. Since her return 5 to the city in September, whence the date of her connection with the New York Infirmary as Assistant Physician, her life has been a busy one, for beside all the general and obstetrical practice, which a constant attendance on its Dispensary and out-door practice involves, she is cultivating a special acquaintance with diseases of the eye and ear, which I suppose it is her duty as well as her pleasure to do, as it fell to her lot to be the Assistant in that Department of College work. Dr.Loring spent the summer among the Berkshire hills, practicing a little, and domesticating a good deal, from whence she re- turned to the city in September, entered into partnership with one of the Alumnae, opened an office--took Dispensary work three days in the week at the Infirmary--filled her appointment as Assistant to the Surgical Clinique, began, in November, to perform the duties of Prosector of Anatomy--and finally, presided at all the Alumnae Meetings. There is nothing like being in the first claa, you know, and thus securing all the offices. As to yourself, my dear, Historian, what can I tell you that you do not already know. Shall I record it, that Dr. Emma C. Ward was the said Alumna who entered into partnership and commenced practice in the city in September, and in October was promptly on hand, and has ever since looked after the Medical Clinique, and the weekly practice quiz, as became the Assistant to the chair of Theory and Practice? Luna, as she was called, because she revolved so steadily round her luminary; though perhaps I may be permitted to say that I do not think the light with which she shone was wholly reflected. Since the middle of December she, too, has been one of the regular Dispensary physicians. I suppose strict historical accuracy compels me to say that your Class Secretary after a three weeks' sojourn in her western home, returned to the Infirmary, where she has since been actively at work. During the winter session, beside holding the Obstetric Clinique, she has been the Assistant to the Clinique for Diseases of Women, as well as to the Children's Clinique; and here a thought presents which, in lieu of the things which are sometimes said, may be of interest. Three of us have never missed an engagement or failed of an appointment in our year's service, and of the other two the omission was so slight, that it was only of consequence as interfering with my record, and thus preventing me from saying all. No night has been so dark, no day so stormy, no6 one so feeble that the "Doctor could not go." If this record continue the question of practice with us is settled, and the cavils met, for any objection that is not comprised under the weather, or night work, or our assumed disabilities, may, to quote the language of the Church Journal once in regard to a very different matter, "safely be smiled at as of not sort of consequence" - and with this crumb for your reflection, my dear Historiam, I remain, until January next, Yours, quiescently, E. B. PHELPS, M. D., Sec. for the Class of 1870. ADDRESS. CLASSMATES, - I could best thank you I know for the honor you have conferred upon me in choosing me as your representative upon this occasion, be making profitable and pleasant that portion of the evening's entertainment for which I am responsible. Doubting my ability to do this, I have availed myself of a truth often expressed, and which any advertising medium makes evident, that now-a-days the successful reception of anything, from a patent medicine to a book, depends not upon its real worth, but upon the attractiveness or peculiarity of its name. I do not mean that I should attempt to propitiate you or our friends, by the selection of a subject whose only merit should be its outlandishness, but I have chosen one with which you can find no fault, because you have already given it your approval. Namely, our class motto, which is Ladies and Gentlemen, "Finis Coronat Opus" "The End Crowns the Work." I have ventured to choose this subject, because at present our class is the only one represented in the Alumnae Association, although we shall soon gladly welcome a second. And I am the more inclined to give the motto of the class of 1870, the preference over the motto of the Association or any other subject, because I find that unfortunately its sentiment has proved a little ambiguous. It has been accused of 8 being a paraphrase of the jesuitical motto, "The end justifies the means," or of that other well known one, "Success depends upon success." As a medical motto, it has even been unkindly stated to be particularly appropriate, the end of our patient being too often the result of our labor. Although the symbol upon our badge is a crown, I would not to-night speak so much of the aim which we desire to have thus kept before us, inciting us to endurance, perseverance and self-sacrifice, even though our aim be the ennobling one, of the relief and education of others and the development of ourselves, but I would rather, as a fellow laborer, tell you my thoughts about our work, about the means by which the end for which we labor can be most satisfactory attained. Day by day every individual selects the materials for his crown, presently he shall be conscious of having assumed it in the eyes of the world. Shall ours be formed of the weeds of carelessness, of the thorns of ill doing, of the faded flowers of self-indulgence, or of the noble metal wrought by the careful culture of every God-given power? Life necessitates exertion. Brain and muscle are both in some sort of action from our first breath to our last. The questions is, shall our energies be scattered so that we see no adequate result for our expenditure, or shall they be husbanded and directed to some worthy end? "The honest, earnest man must stand and work; The woman also; otherwise she drops At once below the dignity of man, Accepting serfdom. Free men freely work. Whoever fears God, fears to sit at ease." Whether the life-work of an individual prove satisfactory or not, depends upon two things. First, Is the work adapted to the worker? Second, Has the preparation for the work been the best possible? We believed that the profession of Medicine was the field which promised us the largest harvest. We selected it, and have paid a price in several years of continuous and hard study, which we do not consider too large. Before our sheaves shall be many and full, it remains for us to cultivate well our-newly-bought possession, and this 9 brings us to the second point, namely, has the preparation for the work which now lies before us been the best possible? No, it has not. I think it is scarcely too much to say that it has been the worst possible. I do not refer to the preparation of the past four, five, or six years. We have, during that time, become tolerably familiar with our tools, we know the ropes pretty well, although some of them have very long and very hard latin names, but for some reason these instruments cannot be wielded with the precision, skill, and satisfaction we could wish. There is somehow a deficiency which is not altogether that of want of experience in the practice of medicine. My classmates of whom I am justly proud, know that I am not speaking alone of them, those of you, who in the future we hope to welcome to this Association, will all feel it, if you have not already done so. I do not confine myself to my profession, nor even to my own sex when I say that there are few individuals whose powers are not cramped or crippled through want of proper training. I believe that there are few women who do not at sometime in their lives put to themselves this momentous question with which Anna Dickinson opened a recent lecture. "Why was I born?" And the impudent fellow in the gallery on the occasion referred to, gave the only answer which somes to a large majority of women. "Give it up. Give us something easier." It may be that the woman who finds this question so difficult to answer is one who is suddenly obliged to depend upon herself for maintenance, and discovers that her resources are inadequate. It may be one who, with no necessity for special exertion, feels conscious of powers seething below the surface-life, but which are worse than useless from want of a proper channel wherein to direct them. It may even be a mother whose work would seem a plain one, but who is totally incapable of guiding other lives, through what is an incomprehensible maze to herself, because she is ignorant of every law of her own body and mind. Is it strange that many a little bark has foundered with such a pilot? The most important part of the education of an individual must be acquired, before the exact position in life which he 210 or she will occupy can be known. This is determined generally not very early in life by taste or circumstances. Every man and woman therefore, should receive such early training as will enable them to occupy the highest position possible for them, and be of the greatest service to them in the special preparation, which will be necessary when a pursuit has been chosen. It is the faults in our education from its very beginning, that has made our medical course so great a tax upon body and mind, and renders our present acquirements so far from commensurate with our advantages. If it were only that the present system of education fails in the adequate preparation of women for the profession of Medicine, it would be comparatively unimportant, but it fails in giving them such culture as will perfectly fit them for any position in life. But, you will say, many women fill high positions creditably, and exhibit talent and attainments quite equal to those of the other sex. I reply, their training may have been exceptional, or more likely, tough they have done well, it were possible for them to have done better; besides, we do not wish to render our standard in any sense a masculine one. The opportunities men have for development and culture, although better than those of women, are far from good. Give equal advantages to both sexes, and, if womanly and manly perfection are the same, it will be impossible to have but a single standard. If the experiment proves that two standards, either of equal or unequal height, are necessary, we, as women will accept the result, and seek for cultivation in those directions where nature and art will co-operate, not oppose. The life of every woman may be divided into three periods and that of the majority into four. First, the period of infancy and early childhood, extending over from four to six years. Second, the period of book or school education, of variable length. In the higher classes occupying twelve or fifteen years. Third, the period after the education is completed, in the greater number of women, only of a few years' duration, then succeeded by the fourth period, that of married life. 11 Call the first two of these periods the preparatory ones for the last two, or as is generally the case, estimate the duration of a girl's education, as the time between the alphabet and the diploma, certainly one would consider a very fair proportion of years had been given, to the qualification for the duties and responsibilities of life. But what is the fact? The last three-quarters of a woman's life is generally as barren of result, as if the first quarter had had no preparatory relation to it. It cannot be that the time given to the education of girls is so greatly insufficient, it must be that much time and mental force are wasted. The trouble begins with the beginning of our life; we labor under disadvantages until its close. These disadvantages, physical, mental and moral, arise many of them, not only from the want of proper development of faculties, but are the accumulated perversions of generations inherited by us. Surely, nature constantly tends toward perfect action, or the race would ere this have been dwarfs in mind and body, and that it is no worse than we find it, is an encouragement to believe that when the laws of humanity are known and followed, capabilities will be developed of which we do not now conceive. You may ask. why I refer to inherited disabilities, or to the faults in our past education which are alike beyond our control. I answer, that we may not expect too much from ourselves; that we may not misunderstand the cause of our failures, or the means of preventing them; and that, as far as possible, the benefit of our experience may extend to future generations, so that our errors shall not be perpetuated. The education of each succeeding generation becomes an increasingly serious matter. Not only is every ancient avenue of learning being extended, but new ones are constantly opening. Time and human capability both being limited economy must be studied. We must learn the method of preventing waste of force; the wear and tear of the human machine being of necessity great, all care should be taken to prevent unnecessary friction. The alphabet of the English language with its few symbols becomes almost mystical to us when consider that by the12 innumerable combinations of these easily acquired symbols we are brought in contact with the best minds of present and past ages, that we may in a single hour become possessed of the result of years of labor by another, that we can travel in foreign lands, and can enjoy, suffer, sympathize, sitting alone by our own fireside. There is a mental alphabet which is the basis of all education. If thoroughly acquired it becomes the open sesame to many avenues of learning otherwise either impenetrably closed or only trodden slowly and with difficulty. This alphabet consists of such mental habits as judgment, concentration, originality, thoroughness, memory, of a skilled use of hand and special senses and of a knowledge of those laws and principals which form the basis of science. Certain of these habits may be compared to the vowels, for without them, no acquirement is possible and the perfection of our work depends upon their culture which must commence during the earliest years of life. Whether we will or not some sort of education is daily acquired by the infant. Before it can speak, the training of eye and ear, of manipulating skill by the grasping of objects, of judgment, reason and independence have all commenced. At this time no direction from others is needed, except the care that the child shall have the best possible surroundings for natural development. But this rule is seldom regarded. The infant's food is often improper in quantity or quality, its brain is unduly stimulated by its being constantly compelled to notice somebody or something, whilst its dress embarasses its motions and does not ensure needful warmth. This rule of development, with a little more positive direction from parents, should be continued after a child is able to run about and seek for objects of interest. Adults seldom remember their tastes and feelings when very young. So parents should not interfere too much, but be guided in their management of the child by watching its instincts, which are given the human as well as other animals. Judging from the preference of the child, play, that is pleasure, seems to be the most congenial occupation of this period. It is not the desire for mere enjoyment, but the necessity 13 for exercise, for development of body and mind, that makes the child frolic all day, ask questions, meddle, break and do all sorts of mischief. Now use this superfluous energy and this curiosity for the child's future advantage. The field is ready; if you wait to sow grain, the passing wind will not fail to bring weeds. The child is too young to appreciate anything but present happiness, so make its education a source of pleasure.manual skill will be of livelong service, therefore do not always put coarse and strong articles into a child's hand after it can understand the fragility of one article above another. Let it learn delicacy in handling and caution, not by having a tin plate and cup to throw upon the floor ad libitum, but give it a pretty china one, to please the eye and at the same time teach care. The child's imitative faculty may be utilized by giving it some idea of drawing objects about it, or an opportunity for coloring prints. Herbert Spencer in his works on Education, gives some excellent instruction for the training of a young child in this and other directions. If a child lives in the country, we have all the materials which can be desired to aid in its education. Dame Nature is a school mistress who can hold a children all day long without giving them a recess. The inclination to investigate natural phenomena and observe natural objects is instinctive in children, and it is surprising how many facts of real and lasting value can be easily acquired. Do not tell a child anything it can discover for itself. Awaken its curiosity, give direction to its endeavors. For example, tell the child to collect all the varieties of grasses, elaves, and flowers it can find, arranging them according to their likeness. Teach it to observe all the differences, and point out to it such as it may fail to notice, explaining at the same time the uses of the different parts. In the same way encourage the collection of insects and of stones. The foundation of a knowledge of Botany and other branches of Natural History may thus easily be laid; besides this, judgment, comparison, memory, originality, observation, are all cultivated, and these are just what will be necessary14 in pursuing every branch of education and, more important still, they will be invaluable in dealing with and understanding other individuals. I have dwelt thus long upon this period of life because I think the years that follow are so largely influenced by the education then received. Although physical development is of the first importance, it may be obtained by those means which also insure mental culture, and form as easy introduction to the next period of life, when education usually begins with a sudden wrench from all old sources of enjoyment, and the pursuit of knowledge is made a task with no element of recreation in it. The present system of school education with some modifications originated in those ages, when individual taste and talent were not consulted, when learning was almost exclusively confined to men, and to those men who were destined for a life whose principal occupation was copying and translating the Bible, and writing the lives of Saints. Of course a knowledge of dead languages was the most necessary preparation for such a life. Besides, all the existing natural sciences were yet crude, and suited neither to gratify a taste for absolute knowledge nor for mental discipline. Now everything is changed. The mysterious is not courted and carefully guarded. What is real, practical and paying is most esteemed, as superstition loses its votaries. Nature jostles us at every turn, and to make her our cheerful servant we must first become her attentive admires and students. The knowledge of her grand ever acting laws, gives breadth to the whole character. The infinite complete- ness we find in her, cultivates thoroughness and delicacy. Her reserve stimulates research. To understand and apply her far-reaching principles, requires judgment, comparison, concentration, whilst her inexhaustible treasures reward the earnest, careful seeker after truth, and her practical benefits give keenness and interest to the pursuit. If this be true what better mental discipline, what better preparation for the work of life can there be than a thorough education in the natural sciences. Of course these should 15 not be exclusively studied. But make of them a foundation. I suppose you have all been surprised and troubled since your school days have closed, to find how meagre are your attainments, compared with the time and labor expended on them. All the scholar remembers of History is apt to be a hodge-podge of names of kings and queens with some personal anecdotes of them, a few battles, the bravery of the heroes of which is more impressive than their cause and some of the more easily remembered dates, but the great principles of human progress, of elevation of truth and justice, the down-fall of error and superstition are seldom taught, and what is far worse, the judgment and reason of students is not cultivated so that they may themselves comprehend the practical, personal advantage of the lesson they parrot-like repeat. Thus with every branch of study; so many pages memorized on hour, to be recited the next, so many examples in arithmetic worked by the rule on the same pages, laws of grammar learned by rote at an age when it is impossible to apply them, correct spelling and a knowledge of the latitude of the Feejee Islands, required by the time a girl is twelve; but the cause of dew, some idea of the accepted theories of light and sound, the chemistry of every-day life, she is too young to learn. The mental discipline secured by the study of the classical languages, is usually the strongest plea that can be urged in its favor. A child finds little else in the Latin Grammar than a prodigious tax upon the memory, while the study of the elements of physics allow the childish imagination and curiosity full play without will be of service in every study and pursuit of life. In failing to secure both these advantages by a single course of study, we disregard the law of economy of force which nature constantly teaches; as in the means she takes to secure the circulation of the blood. The heart is the main organ provided for this purpose but the elasticity of the vessels, the nutrition of the tissues, the contraction of the voluntary muscles, and the act of respiration, all aid in this work, and best aid when most perfectly accomplishing their own ends.16 The facts of History, of Geography, the rules of Syntax, it would be impossible for a child to discover for itself. Everything must be ready by or told the scholar. Dependence is the result, and this want of self-reliance and originality positively weakens every mental power. When the girl comes at last to the study of Chemistry, Physiology and Natural Philosophy, these are powerless to develop her faculties as completely as they might, had they formed the foundation of her education. She is too old and too busy to run about the fields collecting insects and stones; she has become so familiar with natural phenomena, that a knowledge of their cause appears unimportant. Simple chemical reactions are tame, and she is beginning to think too much of the outside of her body and its artificial covering, to consider the wonderful processes of life within. Education has been to her heretofore only a fatiguing act of memory, and in these new branches she sees nothing but a continuation of the same process. Even this very memory, which is nearly all she has to depend upon, is overtaxed and weakened. She may be interested in these studies, but originality of observation and power of comparison being wanting, sees no connection between her lectures upon fermentation and bread making, between the laws of hydrostatics and the supply of water at home by pipes or pump. Botany studied from a book is not very expansive to the mind, nor advantageous to body. The childish love of animals outgrown, zoology has little attraction to a narrow mind. Thus the girl finishes her education after the Gradgrind system with plenty of facts, few conclusions; the unused facts being soon forgotten. Probably she has some of the so-called accomplishments, but these are generally acquired in the same aimless, superficial fashion as the more solid portions of her education. If she has studied French and German, she is usually ignorant of the literature of those languages. She has done some heads in crayon, but is unable to sketch from nature. Her dancing is not a healthful exercise, but a temptation to disregard all hygienic rules. In fact she has not derived all the benefit possible from a single acquisition she 17 has made, and school days over, she dances into the next period of life which is to be her something entirely new and very pleasant. She expects to choose her own occupations, perfectly free from restraints and irksome rule. Ten chances to one she never makes a choice at all. She has never thought for herself, so circumstances prove her new school-mistress. She finds herself in fashionable society, and without a question becomes a slave of this exacting mistress, and believes she occupies an enviable position. I think no one will believe a fashionable young woman leads an idle life who has followed one through the last season at Washington. If a woman be physically strong enough, to endure the late hours and excitement, if she be capable of sufficient thought to plan the innumerable complicated and artistic toilettes of a single fashionable season, if she have the energy and talent to make her weekly receptions a source of pleasure to her jaded, almost satiated guests, even when at the end of the months of toil and exertion, all that remains shall be a few spoiled superanuated dresses, the memory of some compliments, gratified vanity, perhaps the failure, perhaps the success of a petty ambition; if for such spoils as these she will labor so hard, what might we not expect from her, if her talents were turned in a direction of which the result would be benefit to others, development of self, than which there can be no end more inspiring, more satisfactory. Literary and cultivated women, have had exceptional ad- vantages of birth and education; they are few and exclusive. Frivolous and superficial women are many; and their society easily obtained, so, unless a young person has very decided tastes to the contrary, she is likely to fall into the maelstrom of small interests, and petty cares and aims, and to lose the little desire she has for improvement. At first the elevation of woman to fulfil her capabilities, must be slow. The first step has been taken. Some of the best schools are allowing girls a share of their brother's advantages. As yet in few of them on equal terms. The back seats are reserved for ladies, they can come in at des-18 sert, or as in the present course at Harvard, to the whole of an easily-digested Spring dinner. This is a great improvement, however upon the public opinion of Plymouth County, Mass., of about a hundred and fifty years ago, which dismissed a teacher because he was overtaxing the weak feminine minds under his charge, by instructing them to cypher. This first step to which I have referred should really be the second. The plan of instruction in the Universities, should be made wider, more systematic, more thorough, so comprehensive that any technical education could easily be built upon its broad and firm foundation. Then throw open the doors to men and women, or rather, early to boys and girls. If you choose to separate the sexes, give each an equally careful perfect training. I think, however, men and women would have just views of each other's characters and capabilities, if there was no partition between the boy's and girls'side of the school-house. These two steps taken, of making the schools good, and of giving women the freedom of them, we would soon reverse present conditions. The home of every well-educated woman would be a focus for the contagion of cultivation, which would spread rapidly. Children would have inherited advantages and training, far above that now received, and I believe the capability for mental culture, can keep pace with increasing requirements. Enough of hoped-for future advantages. I am speaking to-night to those, who, without these advantages, have broken the strong withes of custom, before all their strength was wasted by disuse and are directing their energies to a comparatively new pursuit for women. We have need of more strength than the world should expect of us, for we have not only the real difficulties of our profession to overcome, but having gained these outer fortifications we have the stronger ones of prejudice, illiberality and candid disbelief in the wisdom and feasibility of our undertaking to overthrow. This is the work to which our motto refers. Our motives are often misunderstood, our methods harshly criticised, whilst an impartial consideration is refused the result of our labors. To contend against these disadvantages, 19 we have need of an end as high as the amelioration of the suffering and the improvement of the physical, mental, and social condition of our sex. We will not be disheartened. Grappling with the difficulties in our way, they will disappear, and we, at the same time, will grow stronger to meet others. We must work side by side with men in the medical profession, and expect to be compared with them, not always by an impartial judgment. They undoubtedly start with some advantages over us. The independence and authority, seemingly natural to the male sex, must be acquired by most women, as their early education tends to repress self-dependence, originality and firmness. The perceptive and reasoning faculties of men are usually better developed than those of women. So also we find greater mechanical skill and ingenuity among men than women. These advantages, however, are only comparative, and in many cases slight, and the slow advance of medical science, indeed the doubt whether in reality it deserves the name of science, is due to the imperfect powers which man has brought to the practice of the profession. As it deals with nature's highest and most complicated work--man, its perfection depends upon the progress of almost every art and science, and the capability of its followers to apply such progress to the advancement of their profession. The macrocosm and microcosm are mutually dependent. Therapeutics, as a science, may be represented with three divisions. First, the division of Operative Surgery, in which, although judgment has great scope, cultivated senses are our principal dependence, both in diagnosis and treatment. The mental quality of memory is of first value here, but how has the surgeon gained the information he employs in his art? Only by the use of his eye either in dissection or in his clinical instruction, and by the culture of touch and manipulating skill. Closely allied to this branch is that which forms the second division, Obstetrics, in the practice of which the senses are used to a limited degree, and where, as in surgery, a knowledge of mechanical principles and skill in their application often avail, when routine study would be20 comparatively useless. In the third division, that of the General Practice of Medicine, until lately the aid which our special senses afforded us in diagnosis, was mainly confined to our appreciation of the frequency of the pulse and inaccurately of its force, still more coarsely of the temperature of the body by our own sensation on touching it, and of the general aspect of the surface of the body, and of such portions of its cavities as the eye could reach, unaided by any but the simplest mechanical appliances. Now, the eye is supplemented by tose most useful instruments the Laryngoscope and Ophthalmoscope, the touch by the Spygmograph and the Thermometer, the sense of hearing--than which perhaps there is none more delicate, whose service has only been indirect in making the physician aware of the mental condition and nervous sensations of the patient--now transmits information through such media as will increase its acuteness, the Stethescope and Pleximeter. These instruments, to which we must add the Microscope, increase the necessity for a nice training of the senses they aid, and our earliest education may thus be made useful. Moreover, their invention and skillful use requires mechanical ingenuity and practice, which may also commence very early in life. These aids to the understanding of the nature seat of disease, do not at all lessen the necessity for judgment, perception, comparison and reason, upon which the practice of medicine has heretofore so entirely depended. John Stuart Mill says, "Scientific education, apart from professional objects, is but a preparation for judging rightly of man and of his requirements and interests." Such an education would not only be of most direct and practical advantage in our profession but would also give us, at the same time, the mental discipline best suited for us. If we had commenced our medical studies with a thorough knowledge of Chemistry, Natural Philosophy and Botany, how much time and labor should we have been saved, not only directly in the absence of these branches from our crowded curriculum, but also by the mental training which the acquisition of these sciences would have secured. Let us make what 21 amends we can, by cultivating thoroughness and habits of close investigation and by using our influence to improve the standard of education in general, and of women in particular The woman will have no need to beg or demand anything of man, for to change a little the words of Mrs. Browning, "A woman, then, can do the thing she ought, Which means, whatever perfect thing she can In life, in art, in science." We desire to be honored with truth, not praise, therefore it is fair that men should hold their verdict upon our undertaking until they have seen results; for in the words of the author just quoted, "By speaking we prove only we can speak; Which he, the man here, never doubted. What He doubts is, whether we can do the thing With decent grace, we've not yet done at all! Now, do it; there's no need to speak; The universe shall henceforth speak for you, And witness, she who did this thing, was born To do it--claims her license in her work. Whose cures the plague, Though twice a woman, shall be called a leech; Who rights a land's finances, is excused For touching coppers, though her hands be white." Finally, it is for the interest of our profession that all men and women should be well educated, for they will make much better patients and pupils. Better patients, because quackery and humbug will find no encouragement, and I use the word pupils because it seems to met that women especially should be true doctors, that is, teachers. The satisfaction of curing disease is certainly not to be compared with that of preventing it by instruction in hygiene. I very much regret that time will not permit me to urge the importance of better physical as well as mental culture of women, and of giving them a thorough knowledge of the laws of health. I believe our College is the first which has established a chair of Hygiene, and it is fitting that the honor should belong to a Woman's College. We have always been proud of this our philanthropic chair par excellence, and to-night we feel22 especially grateful on this account, as to it, we are indebted for the pleasant words with which our exercise began. We have also to thank our Alma Mater for trying to atone for our deficiencies, by giving us an excellent course in Physics and Chemistry. And as the last and most acceptable testimony of respect which I can pay these branches, I will, ladies and gentlemen, infringe no longer upon your time and patience, but give place to the Professor who represents them. EMMA C. WARD, M. D. "A FEW WORDS IN CONCLUSION." Reclining in my easy-chair, a plaintive sound I hear, In Woman's gentle voice it comes soft stealing on the ear; And, as I list, I catch these words in accents faint and low, "A poem, please, to celebrate,"-and all the rest, you know. "Good gracious, madam! talk's my trade, not rhyming words, but, still The voice goes on but changes to "You must, you know you will." I never could resist appeals from woman's lip or eye, And so resolved to do may best ; that is, at least to try, And here it is. So listen pray, and, when I'm fairly through, Don't criticize severely but just say that it, "will do." In early years when appetite is strong and judgment weak, And conscience, that's experience, has not yet learned to speak, The youthful lip cannot resist the sweet and weight cake, Although age tells that in its depths are hidden pain and ache. 'Tis eaten, perhaps late at night, the morning comes, and then The pangs of indigestion smite the youthful abdomen. (So will it be in after life, for such is human fate, Our forethought, like the Irishman's, most always comes too late.) The Doctor's brought, with wisdom's look the tongue is viewed, and straight, "Infusum Sennae, quantum suf."is ordered, but stop, wait, Before the youthful pharynx to relax we can entice And take the horrid, nauseous draught we give it something nice. So here, to-night, before the draught I bring is measured out You're offered sweets from other hands and, as they're passed about, Your gustatory nerves receive impressions that endure Until my effervesing draught is swallowed and secure. If H2 SO4 be poured on Fe soon we see. That Fe SO4 is formed and H2 is set free. So, here, the sharp things that you've heard reacting as they pass Upon my heavy brain evolve these nothings, light as gas, And what is left I'll give you in a parting word and rhyme, A brief hand-shaking put in words and fitting to the time. In life too few the bonds we find uniting man to man, Therefore deserving warm applause is, this, your simple plan, My fellow students, still to keep remembrance bright and pure, Hopes, aspirations to exchange and friendship to secure.24 In youth, when sickness comes, and life waits ready hence to go, Who is't alleviates the pain and mitigates the woe? The mother, gentlest of her sex, the child's first friend and guide, Soothes, quicker, pain and anguish then, than all the world beside. The man - comes suffering, lingering long and dire disease appears - Turns to the loving wife and finds a cure for all his fears. Old age with faltering step, and voice borne down with grief and care, Leans on the trusted child and finds a minist'ring angel there. So woman ever soothes out pain, as mother, child or wife, Our best physician, friend and guide, companion of our life. Shall she not, then, be best prepared to meet and understand, And, knowing, combat sore disease with well-skilled brain and hand? From out these walls spreads far and wide contagion, of the kind That cures the body, nerves the heart, emancipates the mind. And time shall show in many a home, results that shall endure; From this brave little band, who prove an influence strong and pure. And here I rest, as brevity, you know's, the soul of wit, And I would claim the spirit if I show no more of it. Farewell, my parting word is this, may you, in truth, fare well, In that good path you've chosen and wherever you may dwell. Yet still, when scattered far and wide, whate'er the drifting scene, Your Alma Mater don't forget, but keep her memory green. ARTHUR MEAD EDWARDS EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Board of Managers OF THE WOMAN'S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA, NORTH-COLLEGE AVENUE AND TWENTY-SECOND STREET, (NORTH OF GIRARD COLLEGE). JANUARY, 1869. PHILADELPHIA: STUCKEY & THOMPSON, PRINTERS, 403 North Sixth Street. EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Board of Managers OF THE WOMAN'S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA, NORTH-COLLEGE AVENUE AND TWENTY-SECOND STREET, (NORTH OF GIRARD COLLEGE.) JANUARY, 1869. PHILADELPHIA: STUCKEY & THOMPSON, PRINTERS, 403 North Sixth Street.MANAGERS. Mrs. Elizabeth W. Lippincott, 538 North Sixth street. " Martha G. Richardson, 1015 Cherry street. " Caroline R. Yarnall, 120 South Twelfth street. " Anna G. Gilpin, 312 South Broad street. " J. P. Crozer, Upland. Mary A. Tyler, 426 Marshall street. Mrs. Richard G. Stotesbury, 314 South Tenth street. " Anna J. Steel, 2034 Green street. " Martha Ann Warner, Germantown. " Charlotte L. Peirce, 501 North Seventh street. " E. H. Cleveland, M.D., 1800 Mount Vernon street. " Maria W. Horton, 320 South Fourth street. " Hannah W. Richardson, 522 Arch street. " Sarah T. Price, Chestnut Hill. " Benjamin Griffith, 1904 Arch street. " Sarah T. Rogers, 323 North Eleventh street. Ann Preston, M.D. 1015 Cherry street. Abbie Kimber, 1022 Arch street. Mrs. T. Morris Perot, 1810 Pine street. " E. F. Halloway, 315 Marshall street. Miss Anna E. Massey, 1537 Filbert street. " Mary Jeanes, 1023 Arch street. Mrs. Lydia E. Turnpenny, 410 South Broad street. " Edwin Greble, 128 South Nineteenth street. ----- OFFICERS. President. M. A. STOTESBURY. Vice-Presidents. E. W. LIPPINCOTT, ELIZA C. GRIFFITH. Treasurer. CHARLOTTE L. PIERCE. Corresponding Secretary. ANN PRESTON, M.D. Recording Secretary. E. F. HALLOWAY. Committee on Admission of Patients. ANN PRESTON, M.D., 1015 Cherry street. H. W. RICHARDSON, 522 Arch street. E. H. CLEVELAND, M.D., 1800 Mount Vernon street.BOARD OF ADVISERS. Rev. Albert Barnes, Joseph Jeanes, Hon. WM. S. Peirce, Marmaduke Moore, Redwood F. Warner, T. Morris Perot, Eli K. Price, Esq., Dillwyn Parrish, Alexander Derbyshire. ____ MEDICAL STAFF. Resident Physician. Mary J. Scarlett, M.D. Assistant Physician. Elizabeth Grisell, M.D. Attending Board. Ann Preston, M.D., | Diseases of Women and Obstetrical E.H. Cleveland, M.D., | Department. J. Gibbons Hunt, M.D., | Isaac Comly, M.D., | Medical Department. Benj. B. Wilson, M.D., | Chas. H. Thomas, M.D., | Surgical Department. Consulting Physicians. Elwood Wilson, M.D., Albert H. Smith, M.D., Henry Hartshorne, M.D., Alfred Stille, M.D., John Forsyth Meigs, M.D., Thomas G. Morton, M.D. Matron. Elizabeth Rice. REPORT. By reference to the annexed tabular statement it will be seen, that 3278 patients have been treated in the different departments of the Hospital since the date of last report,--523 more than in any year preceding. Many of the cases received into the wards have been of much interest. The operation of Ovariotomy has again been successfully performed, and a large multilocular tumor removed from an interesting girl only sixteen years of age. She was sent to to the Institution from western New York, by her medical adviser, and she left it, after a stay of two months, rejoicing in renewed life. In September last, Mrs. E. H. Cleveland, M.D., who since the opening of the Hospital had been its efficient resident physician, resigned the post and removed to her own residence. Although the demands of her private practice made it necessary6 for her to make this change, yet she is still associated with us, and as a manager and a member of the board of attending physicians, she continues to give the Institution the benefit of her knowledge and experience. Mary J. Scarlett, M.D., an experienced physician, has been appointed to the vacant place. The number of ladies, students of medicine, admitted into the house as residents, within the past year has been limited to five. These assist in the medical labors of the Hospital under the immediate direction of the resident physician, and the harmony with which they have worked together, and the fidelity, kindness, and efficiency shown in the discharge of their duties, merit out cordial acknowledgments. The morning Clinics in the Dispensary have been open daily, and are accessible, under proper regulations, to all the students of the Woman's Medical College. In addition to these, during a part of the year there have been four weekly clinical lectures, conducted by different members of the board of attending physicians. In looking over the list of our "Advisers," we miss one who has been associated with us from the beginning, and whose zeal and faithfulness have been a strength to the Institution in all the struggles 7 of the past. The name of Isaac Burton needs no eulogium from us; but, when we recur to his simple, truthful character, and sit amid the mementos of his deep interest in this Institution, feelings reverent and tender are stirred, and claim a word of expression. His Library of more than 1100 volumes is now in our parlors, the books classified, and, in accordance with his will, made available to the students of the Woman's Medical College. The legacy of one thousand dollars, which he bequeathed to the Endowment Fund of the Hospital, has been added to its investments. A few books have been purchased and added to the Medical Library since last report. In starting on the work of another year, while we gratefully acknowledge that the Divine blessing has attended out efforts, and that there is cause for thankful rejoicing that so much has been accomplished, we yet feel that much remains to be done. It is our aim and hope to make the Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia a model Institution, complete in its hygiene arrangements, and in the appliances that can give comfort to the sick, and increase the possibilities of recovery. But to carry out plans of improvement, and to extend the usefulness of the Institution, more labor and money must be expended. We have been cramped for means during 8 the past year; without heavy donations from comparatively a few, the operations of the Hospital could not have been sustained, and, in closing, we must again appeal to those who sympathize in the work for the pecuniary aid necessary to extend and perfect it. 9 Statement of Cases for the year ending January, 1869. Patients received into Hospital, 130 " attended at their homes, 336 " treated in Dispensary, 2812 __________ 3278 Resident patients. NATIVITY. | CIVIL STATE. American, 64 | Married, 63 Irish, 44 | Single, 39 German, 14 | Widows, 20 English, 5 | Children 8 French, 2 | Scottish, 1 | ____ | _____ 130 | 130 Discharged (including 8 retained from last year), 120. CONDITION AT DISCHARGE. Well, 74 | Deceased, 2 Improved, 33 | retained, 16 Not treated, 7 | Not improved, 4 | _____| 120 | Dispensary and Clinic Patients. NATIVITY. | CIVIL STATE. American, 2159 | Married, 1231 Irish, 704 | Single, 493 German, 174 | Widows, 377 English, 78 | Children, 1047 Scottish, 15 | Welsh, 7 | French, 3 | British Provinces, 5 | Hungarian, 1 | Spanish, 1 | West Indian, 1 | _____ | _____ 3148 | 314810 H. W. Richardson, Treasurer, in account with the WOMAN'S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA, from First month 16th, 1868, to First month 20th, 1869. DR. To Cash on hand at last Annual Report, First month " 15th, 1858, $ 876 06 " received since, in Annual Subscriptions, 2,406 50 " " " in Donations for general and special purposes, 1,678 23 " " " for Board of Patients, 606 25 " " " " " Students, 896 89 " " " Interest on Investments, less Six dollars tax, 1,284 00 " " " Premium on Gold sold, 206 56 " " " for Rent, 100 00 " " " Fuel and Light, 31 44 " " " Board of Guests, 31 00 " " " Dispensary Medicine sales, 11 48 Total Receipts, ___________$8,128 41 CR. By Cash paid for House Appropriations, $ 4,150 00 " " Clinical " 730 00 " " Salaries, 883 81 " " Forty tons of Coal, and Wood, $6.25, 261 25 " " Premiums, Commissions, Stamps, 195 38 " " Printing Annual Report, Dispensary Cards, and Advertising, 82 26 " " Water Rent, 16 00 " " Repairs in Hospital, to Furniture and for Carpenter Work, 43 75 " " " to Gas Fixtures, Hydrant, etc., 18 65 " " Garden bills, $27.88; Wheelbarrow, etc, etc., 44 38 " " Cleaning Wards, etc., 50 54 " " Bookcase, Blankets, etc., 32 14 " " Mattin, $90.35; Washing Machine, etc., etc., 128 90 " " Commissions on Collecting, 21 00 " " Medical and Surgical Journals, 10 00 " " Boarding out a patient, 4 00 ______________ Total Expenses, $6,972 63 On hand, Balance due the Hospital 1,155 78 _________________ $8,128 11 TREASURER'S REPORT, --continued. ENDOWMENT FUND. DR. To Cash on hand at last Report, $2,007 00 " received since, 292 75 " " for sale of City Loan (old), 100 25 ____________ $2,400 00 CR. By Cash paid for Pennsylvania State LOan, Second month 6th, 1868, $2,000 00 By Cash paid for City 6' s (untaxable), 400 00 _______________ $2,400 00 Par value of the Fund at last Report, $21,757 00 Purchased since, untaxable City Loan, 293 00 Received, First month, 1869, Isaac Barton's Legacy, untaxable City Loan, 1,000 00 Received, Sixth month, 1868, Dividend in Pennsylvania Railroad Co's Stock, 50 00 _______________ $23,100 00 List of Securities in Endowment Fund. United States 5-20 Bonds,* $9,000 00 City of Philadelphia 6 per cent untaxable Loan,+ 7,000 00 State of Pennsylvania Loan, 4,000 00 Pennsylvania Railroad Loan, 2,000 00 22 shares Pennsylvania Railroad Co's Stock, 1,100 00 _______________ Total amount of Endowment Fund, $23,100 00 We have examined the Treasurer's accounts, and having compared them with the vouchers, we find them correct. E.F. Halloway, C. L. Peirce, Committee. January 20th, 1869. * $1000 U.S. 7-30 Treasury note was exchanged for $1000 U.S. 5-20 Bond. + $5600 Lehigh stock is represented by the same amount in City 6's (new).ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTIONS. Atkinson, Miss S. A. $ 2 00 | Dreer, Miss F. J. 2 00 Abbott, Rebecca F. 5 00 | Dreer, Mrs. H. A. 1 00 Balding, Mary 2 00 | Drexel, Emma 10 00 Baldwin, Mrs. M. W. 10 00 | Drown, Mr. Wm. A. 10 00 Bancroft, Mrs. S. 10 00 | Drown, Wm. A. jr. 10 00 Barton, Isaac 10 00 | Fell, Rebecca Ann 5 00 Biddle, Anne M. 1 00 | Fell, Eliza 2 00 Biddle, Anne 1 00 | Fox, Harriet B. 5 00 Bispham, Maria S. 2 00 | Franciscus, Mrs. 5 00 Bodine, Mary Belle 10 00 | Garrett, Abigail S. 2 00 Bodine, Leah M. 2 00 | Gilpin, Anna G. 5 00 Boss, Susan 10 00 | Gillingham, Deb' h P. 2 00 Boulden, Ann M. 5 00 | Greble, Susan V. 10 00 Brown, Mrs. A. 10 00 | Griffith, Eliza C. 25 00 Brown, Moses 5 00 | Guilbert, Charlotte 1 00 Brown, Catharine M. 5 00 | Gummere, Martha M. M. 1 00 Bunting, Rachel C. 2 00 | Hacker, Beulah M. 5 00 Campbell, Mrs. John H. 1 00 | Haines, Anne L. 3 00 Cash 600 00 | Halloway, E. F. 5 00 Clark, Sarah C. 10 00 | Halloway, Mrs. John S. 2 00 Coates, Beulah 5 00 | Handy, Margaret 1 00 Cooper, R. M., M.D. 5 00 | Harrison, Joseph, jr. 10 00 Cope, Alfred 10 00 | Harrison, Sarah 10 00 Cope R. Anna 10 00 | Hazard, Mary 5 00 Cope, Sarah W. 5 00 | Henzey, Priscilla 1 00 Corlies, Sarah F. 2 00 | Hoffman, Hannah 5 00 Cox, Mary E. 5 00 | Hoffman, Catharine A. 3 00 Cresson, Letitia L. 5 00 | Hopper, Anna M. 2 00 Crozer, Sallie L. 100 00 | Horner, Rebecca 2 00 Crozer, Mrs. Sam'l A. 10 00 | Horton, Maria W. 5 00 Cash 600 00 | Houston, William 25 00 Carpenter, A. E., for ' 67 1 00 | Jeanes, Joshua T. 20 00 Darlington, Hannah M. 3 00 | Jeanes, Joseph 20 00 Derbyshire, M. A. & C. 10 00 | Jeanes, Samuel 20 00 Dorsey, Elizabeth 5 00 | Jeanes, Mary 20 00 13 Jeanes, Anna T. 20 00 | Paist, Harriet W., 1 00 Johnson, Anna 1 00 | Parker, Emily 5 00 Jones, E. C. 5 00 | Parrish, Susan M. 10 00 Justice, Elizabeth 5 00 | Pechin, Almira 5 00 Justice, Huldah 1 00 | Peirce, C. N. 5 00 Kelly, Margaret C. 10 00 | Parry, Martha 3 00 Kimber, Abbie 5 00 | Peirce, Charlotte L. 2 00 King, Robert P. 5 00 | Pennock, Isabella L. 5 00 Laing, Henry M. 5 00 | Perot, Mary W. 2 00 Laing, Anna T. 5 00 | Perot, Mary 2 00 Latimer, Elizabeth C. K. 10 00 | Perot, rebecca C. 5 00 Leavenworth, Mrs. 1 00 | Potts, Sidney 1 00 Longstreth, Lydia 2 00 | Potts, Mary 1 00 Leiper, Mary 5 00 | Powers, Anna M. 10 00 Lenning, Mrs. Joseph 1 00 | Price, Esther B. 1 00 Lewars, Charles 2 00 | Robinson, Mary H. 4 00 Lewis, Mary 10 00 | Randolph, Julianna 5 00 Lewis, Mary Ellen 5 00 | Robinson, Anne P. 4 00 Lewis, Sidney Ann 1 00 | Robinson, Margaret 1 00 Lincoln, H. B. 2 00 | Roberts, Jane E, 5 00 Linnard, Louise 10 00 | Rogers, Evans 5 00 Lippincott, Joshua 10 00 | Rogers, Sarah T. 3 00 Lippincott, Elizabeth W. 10 00 | Rowland, Carrie 1 00 Lippincott, J. Isabella 15 00 | Saunders, John 10 00 Lippincott, Emily A. 5 00 | Sellers, Mary C. 2 00 Lippincott, Hannah 2 00 | Sharpless, Sarah J. 2 00 Lovering, Joseph S. 10 00 | Shoemaker, Anna 2 00 Lovering, Anna C. 10 00 | Smith, George, M.D. 10 00 Lovering, Jos. S., jr 1867 5 00 | Smith, Mary 5 00 Maris, S. Louise 2 50 | Smith, J. R. 10 00 Marshall, Sarah 5 00 | Smith H. G. 1 00 Marshall, Mary 5 00 | Smith, Ellen L. 5 00 Massey, Anna E. 2 00 | Smith, Rachel P. 1 00 McIlvaine, Hugh 10 00 | Solms, S. J. 25 00 Mellon, E. J., M.D. 1 00 | Sparks, Thos 25 00 Mellor, Wm. 5 00 | Starr, Lydia 3 00 Morris, Mary Ann C. 10 00 | Steel, Anna Justice 10 00 Mott, Lucretia 5 00 | Stockdale, Mary M. 1 00 Mott, Marianna P. 5 00 | Stotesbury, Mary Ann 5 00 Nacrede, Mary E. 2 00 | Stotesbury, Thos. P. 5 00 Neall, Daniel 10 00 | Stroud, Eleanor H. 10 00 Neall, Cecelia A. 2 00 | Stuart, Mrs, George H. 10 00 Newbold, Lydia 2 00 | Swift, Dorcas 2 00 Newhall, Hannah J. 5 00 | Taber, Anna M. 2 00 Nicholson, Elizabeth 5 00 | Taylor, Emma 5 00 Nicholson, Rich' d L. 2 00 | Taylor, Emma W. 5 00 Ogden, harriet 5 00 | Taylor, Mary Ann 5 0014 Thompson, Adeline 1 00 | West, Rebecca 5 00 Thompson, Mrs. Aaron 5 00 | Wharton, Deborah F. 10 00 Thompson, Anne 1 00 | Wharton, Mary 5 00 Thurston, Jos. D' s Estate 20 00 | Wharton, Anna 5 00 Townsend, Anna M. 2 00 | White, Daniel S. 5 00 Townsend, Henrietta 2 00 | White, Lydia 10 00 Troth, Henrietta 1 00 | Whitney, Susan C. 1 00 Turley, Susan 2 00 | Williams, Martha P. 2 00 Turner, Joseph C. 5 00 | Williams, Ann B. 5 00 Turner, Eliza S. 5 00 | Wilson, Mrs. E. L. 5 00 Turnpenny, Elizabeth R. 10 00 | Wright, J. A. 2 00 Turnpenny, Lydia E. 2 00 | Wood, Alan 5 00 Tyler, Mary A. 1 00 | Wood, Ann 5 00 Vaux, Margaret 5 00 | Woodruff, Charlotte 10 00 Warner, Martha A. 10 00 | Williams, Isabella 5 00 Watson, Elizabeth M. 2 00 | Yarnall, Caroline R. 5 00 ----- DONATIONS. Brown, Mary D. $200 00 | M. B. 5 00 Boss, Susan 150 00 | McKean, Borie & Co., 50 00 Baird, Matthew & Co., 25 00 | Mellor, Thos 25 00 Bucknell, M. 50 00 | M. P. W. 5 00 Cope, Aldred 100 00 | Pennock, Eliza 5 00 Cope, Francis R. 20 00 | Register, Mary Ann 1 50 Cope, R. Anna 50 00 | Rogers, Sarah T. 5 00 Clark, E. W. & Co. 50 00 | S. B. 5 00 Cooke, Jay & Co., 25 00 | Sellers, Wm. & Co. 25 00 Cash 2 45 | Shoemaker, Robert 50 00 Estlin, Mary A. (Bristol, | Speakman, Priscilla 2 00 Eng.), per Dr. Preston, 10 00 | Taylor Mary Ann 10 00 Friend of the Hospital, 2 00 | Thompson, Adeline 5 00 do. do. do. 5 00 | Tyler, Mary A. 5 00 do. do. do. 2 00 | Tryon, Mary 5 00 Griffith, Eliza C. 25 00 | White, Rebecca 383 28 H. W. R., 300 00 | Wharton, Charles 10 00 Kelly, Margaret C. 10 00 | Wheeler, Charles 30 00 Lewis, Charlotte 5 00 | White, Lydia 10 00 M. B. 5 00 | Young, Mr. 5 00 DONATIONS TO ENDOWMENT FUND. Cash received since last Report:-- Isaac Barton, $25 00 S. B., 2 09 Beulah M. Hacker, 10 00 Mary Loxley, 100 00 John Livezey, 10 00 Henry M. Laing, 25 00 Anna K. Massey, 13 00 Sarah Phipps, 5 00 Lydia Starr, 2 00 Rebecca White, 100 6616 The following Donations are also gratefully acknowledge:-- From Mary Jeanes,--Tea and Large Mugs; Sheeting and Pillowslip muslin; Blankets; Towels, Muslin; Canton-flannel; Buckets and Tinware for Wards. For Barton Library,--Fitting and putting up Book-cases; removing Books and Cases; labels. For Clinic,-- Carpenter's bill arrangement of Clinic-room; Window-blinds, etc.; Tub; Mattresses and Pillows; iron Bedstead, etc., etc. Total cost, $250. From Mr. T. C., per Mrs. Stotesbury; Brooms, brushes, buckets, etc.,--valued at $45.46. From Mrs. S.P. Halloway,-- 25 volumes and lot of bottles Cain, Hacker & Co.,--1 car of Egg Coal. Philadelphia & Reading Railroad Co.,--freight of same. Mrs. Horton,--expenses of putting Coal in cellar. Miss L. Sherred,--3 years' Magazines. Hathaway and Co.,--1 ton Coal. Rebecca White,--4 bound volumes of the British Workman, for Patients' Library. Miss Harris,--$5.00. Joseph Wharton,--for furnishing wards, $100. Dr. Benj. B. Wilson,--a Water-bed. Susan Charlton,--Blank-book and Paper. Ernst Vogt,--a Desk. Mary Taylor,--Box of bottles. Mrs. J. P. Crozer,--Life of John P. Crozer. Truman & Shaw,--Bandage roller. Mrs. Turnpenny,--Wearing apparel. Margaret J. Burleigh,--Old linen. Mrs. Ann Jones--Wine and Bedpan. Mrs. Dorothy Jones,--A turkey. Sarah K. Bailey,--Blackberry wine. H. W. R.,--Carpets, etc. WOMAN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA North College Avenue and 22d St., Philadelphia CORPORATORS. T. Morris Perot, President. C. N. Peirce, Secretary. Redwood F. Warner, Treasurer. Joseph Jeanes, John Longstreth, Hon. William S. Peirce, Marmaduke Moore, rebecca White, William J. Mullen, Dillwyn Parrish, Gen. Thomas L. Kane, Rev. Albert Barnes, Eli K. price, Esq., Charles D. Cleveland, A. J. Derbyshire, J. Gibbons Hunt, M.D., Ann Preston, M.D., Edward Lewis, Emeline H. Cleveland, M.D., Israel H. Johnson. FACULTY. ANN PRESTON, M.D., Professor of Physiology and Hygiene. EMELINE H. CLEVELAND, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children. MARY J. SCARLETT, M.D., Professor of Anatomy and Histology. RACHEL L. BODLEY, M.L.A., Professor of Chemistry and Toxicology. ISAAC COMLY, M.D., Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine. BENJ. B. WILSON, M.D., Professor of the Principles and Practice of Surgery. CHARLES H. THOMAS, M.D., Professor of Materia Medica and General Therapeutics. ----- HENRY HARTSHORNE, M.D., Lecturer on the Hygiene and Medical Management of Children. ---- L. A. SANDERS, M.D., Demonstrator of Anatomy. ---- ANN PRESTON, M.D., Dean EMELINE H. CLEVELAND, M.D., Sec'y. ---- The Twentieth Annual Session will commence on Thursday, October 14th, 1869. THE WOMAN'S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA. THIS Institution is located on elevated ground, in the immediate vicinity of Girard College, and near the Ridge Avenue Railway, which renders it easy of access from all parts of the city. Its Dispensary Department is open daily, from 9 to 10 A.M., for the benefit of poor women and children, who are furnished with advice and medicines free of charge. A limited number of patients is received gratuitously to its wards, while others are admitted on the payment of a moderate board,—from one to five dollars per week, as may be agreed upon in each particular case. Invalids may also be accommodated with private rooms, and provided with attendance and nursing, at prices varying from six to twelve dollars per week.