BLACKWELL FAMILY
LUCY STONE
Subject File
Biographical Papers (Account by Henry B. Blackwell)[*written 1898*]  Reminiscences of Lucy Stone          109
The first time I ever saw or heard of [Miss] Lucy 
Stone was in or about 1849.    In 1848, with 
my brother Samuel C. Blackwell and two other 
young men, I became a partner in the wholesale 
hardware firm of Coombs, Ryland and 
Blackwells.  We bought out the stock and 
rented the store No. 18 Main St., of Christian 
Donaldson [Pres?] . Mr. Christian Donaldson was 
one of the small band of Cincinnati abolitionists.  
One day a young lady, accompanied by a friend 
called at the store to see Mr. Donaldson, in order
to collect a small draft drawn on him by Mr. 
Samuel Brooke, of Cleveland, as treasurer of the 
Ohio Anti-slavery Society.  In the absence of 
Mr. Donaldson I talked with her and was 
struck by the brightness and charm of her manner 
and the wonderful melody of her voice.  She was 
thin and pale, of slender figure, evidently recovering
 slowly from a severe illness.  With her sister-in law, 
Mrs. Phebe Stone, widow of her brother Luther, she was staying at the house of Mr. 
Guild, one of my neighbors, on Walnut Hills.  I promised
to bring or send to her next morning at Mr. Guild's 
the amount of the draft, and asked my brother 
Sam . to carry her the money, advising him to cultivate
her acquaintance .  It seems that Lucy had 
gone out, the previous summer, to visit her brother
Luther, who kept a country store at Hutsonville, 
Ils, a town on the banks of the river Wabash, noted for its malarious climate .  During110
her visit, Luther was suddenly carried off by 
cholera after a few hours illness, leaving
his business affairs in an unsettled condition. 
Lucy attended to his funeral, the sale of his 
property, and the collection of his debts.  She 
and Phebe set out together on their return, by
stage, from Terre Haute to Cincinnati.  At
Plainfield, a little village on the National road 
near Greencastle, Ind., Lucy was taken down with 
typhoid fever, became delirious, and 
was expected to die.  She was nursed by an old 
couple living in a log-cabin.  The old lady "Aunt 
Ann," was very kind and helpful (years after, I 
called on them and they told me that the doctor 
had depaired of her recovery.)  On resuming their
journey, Lucy and Phebe had come as far as 
Cincinnati on their way back to New England.  
On their way to Mr. Guild's they passed the little 
house adjoining the Lane Seminary grounds (formerly
the home of Prof. Calvin Stowe & his wife Mrs. Harriet 
Beecher Stowe, and adjoining the residence of old Dr. 
Lyman Beecher, president of Lane Seminary).  
It belonged to my mother and was the home of my 
sisters Elizabeth and Emily and Ellen, my 3 brothers 
and myself.  Lucy has since told me with 
what[a fee?] interest and reverence she looked 
at the little house as the former home of my 
sister Elizabeth, then a young physician just


111
graduated from Geneva Medical College,
who was the first woman to go through a regular
course of study and secure a physician's diploma.
    I afterwards heard of Miss Stone through my
sisters Marian and Ellen, who visited Boston in 1851
and attended the National Woman's Rights Convention
in Worcester.  They were very pleasantly impressed by
her.  Lucy took the leading part in getting up the
Convention and was one of the speakers, but in the
annual report, which she compiled and published in
pamphlet form, her addresses, being made extempore
do not appear.  This was the Convention which
made the first powerful impression, being reported
in the New York Tribune & attracting in England
the attention of Mrs. John Stuart Mill, who soon
after published  an article in the Westminster 
Review on the Enfranchisement of Women
inspired by the reports of that convention.
The second time I saw Miss Stone was,
I think, at the annual meeting of the American
Anti Slavery Society in New York, held at the
Chinese Museum hall at Broadway near 
Broome St. in 1852, or 3.  She there made a most
thrilling and touching speech in which she depicted a
slave mother fleeing from her pursuers with a baby on
her shoulder and a bullet from the pursuers killing
the baby and scattering its brains over the poor mother
as she ran.  It was a recent occurrence that she112
described, and was the story told with such graphic language
and intensity of feeling that the audience was
melted into tears. The beautiful motherliness
which was characteristic of her fairly glowed in
her tones.
Soon after, I think in the same month,
May, 1853, my sister Ellen and I spent some weeks
in Boston and attended the New England AntiSlavery
Convention. There I became acquainted with many 
of the leaders of the movement, before Garrison,
Phillips, Walcutt, Henry C. Wright, Parker Pillsbury
Francis Jackson, and others.  Stephen S. and Abby
Kelly Foster  I had already met & heard,
years before, in Cincinnati, when they spoke
night after night there in the old Millerite 
Tabernacle in denunciation of Liberty 
Party.
I attended a hearing about the same time in Representatives
Hall of the State House on woman suffrage,
before the Constitutional Convention then in session.
Amasa Walker was chairman of the committee.
The speakers were Mr. Garrison, Lucy Stone,
and either Wendell Phillips or Theodore Parker
Charles C. Burleigh was there with his long
auburn ringlets and hair parted in the middle
which gave him a striking likness to the pictures of
Christ. He was a very intimate friend of Lucy's
and leaned affectionately forward as he sat in the


113
seat immediately behind her, arousing a little
feeling of jealousy on my part as I was already
captivated by her charming personality,
moral elevation, and singularly sweet and winning
eloquence.   (I had been somewhat attracted previously
by and young and beautiful widow Mrs. Nancy Clark who was studying
medicine but soon afterwards married a rich and
conservative man and never practiced; but 
Lucy's larger mental and moral and and affectional
nature put an end to that affair). A day or 
two afterwards I called upon Mr. Garrison at the
office of the Liberator on Cornhill, and asked him
whether Lucy was thought to be engaged. He thought
not, said that Mr. Samuel Brooke of Cleveland O.
and several others had made advances, but that
Lucy was fully resolved never to marry and to
devote herself exclusively, body and soul, to the
woman's rights reform. He did not think that she
was likely to change her mind. However, he kindly
gave me a letter to Decon [*Deacon*] Henshaw of West
Brookfield, one of Lucy's friends and neighbors,
who was the centre of the abolitionists of that
town, who would be able to tell me whether Miss
Stone was at home.  She lived at this time in the
farm house where she was born, with her aged parents,
on Coy's Hill, coming and going on frequent lecturing
trips, her brother Bowman and his family living
in the other half of the house and carrying on114
the farm.  So off I started to introduce myself
to Lucy.  It was a beautiful summer morning
in June and the country looked extremely 
beautiful.  I walked out to Deacon Henshaws
and found him with his me hoeing corn in
his fields.  The deacon looked at me with a 
quizzical air as if he suspected my errand,
told me that Lucy was absent, but was expected
home that day, and invited me to dinner.  I
had with me a volume of Emerson's essays, so I
walked back to the South shore of Quabog pond,
and spent several hours in reading and listening
to the rippling of the water.  After dinner I
walked up to the old farm-house, which I
reached about 3 P.M.   I found Lucy in
bloomers, mounted on a table in her mother's
living room, white washing the ceiling.  She
greeted me very kindly and her sister-in-law
Phebe, widow of Luther, whom I had seen
with her in Cincinnati, came in and welcomed
me.  Lucy soon took me out for a walk and I
think went with me to the "Rak house," a
romantic mass of granite boulders surmounted
by birch trees, rising out of the rocky pastures.
I was charmed with Lucy's frank simplicity
As a friend of Mr. Garrison and a brother of
Elizabeth she received me as a friend.
I forget whether I then and there proposed 


115
to her but I think I did.  At any rate the purpose
of my visit was pretty well understood.
I returned to Boston that evening quite determined
to marry her if I could.  Then and there began
a correspondence and friendship which continued
until the time of our marriage, May 1, 1855.
Lucy told me that she had resolved never to
marry: that she thoroughly despised the subordinate
and dependent position in which the law
placed a wife, that she did not think herself  by
heredity good enough to be the mother of children,
that she felt that she had a mission to secure
equal rights for women, that she was devoted to the
woman's rights cause, and was happy and useful
in her work as a lecturer, &c.
I urged that marriage need not hinder her
work, that I would do all I could to aid her in
it, and that by uniting our lives we could do
more for the cause than she could do alone.
I invited her to lecture in the West and
proposed to arrange a course of lectures there
for her.  This I did.  During the following two
years I arranged courses of lectures for her
in Cincinnati, Louisville, St. Louis, Madison
Indianapolis, Terre Haute Lafayette,
Columbus, Xenia, &c.  These lectures
were wonderfully successful.  The largest 
halls could not contain the audiences116
that flocked to hear her.  From them she
cleared over and above expenses $5000
which with characteristic generosity, she
loaned to our firm on interest, and 
which after our marriage, I repaid her in
Western lands which turned  out profitably
by an exchange for real estate in Montclair
New Jersey, which so far as unsold, she
bequeathed jointly to her daughter Alice and
myself.   These lectures I arranged by
correspondence; in many cases enlisting the
aid of business connections in these cities
and towns, engaging the halls, printing and
mailing the handbills and flyers, advertising 
in advance in the local papers.  This I did,
while closely engaged in business as the head of
the sales department of our firm & without
any complaint of neglect of my duties from
my partners.
These years from 1847 to 1857 were the
most active and in a large sense the most
influential of Lucy's life.   No woman ever had 
before or since so wide a hearing, or has
created as profound an impression on the
public mind of the country.  Many things
conspired to produce that result.  The conscience
of the country was aroused by the agitation
of the slavery question.  The claim for the
[*ER*]


117
equal rights of women was a cognate question
and urged by most of the leading Garrisonian
abolishionists  Woman's claim was endorsed
by Garrison, Phillips, the Fosters, Emerson
Parker, the Burleighs, and almost all except Edmund Quincy
and James Russell Lowell.  Lucy's peculiarly
graceful and winning manner, her profound
conviction and absolute sincerity, her pathos,
wit and repartee—her slight figure, her 
wonderful voice, her unselfishness and 
[*bloomer dress*] 
simplicity, even her bloomer dress which
seemed less obstrusive in her than in any
person who wore it—all conspired to give her
a wide hearing and to stir discussion and
disarm prejudice.  The seed she sowed all
through the Eastern, Middle and Western States
was so general that even now, after the
lapse of nearly half a century, the elderly
friends of the cause from Maine to California
very generally ascribe their conversion to
some meeting of hers which they attended
during those and subsequent years and
which they have never forgotten.
When Lucy visited Boston in the Spring of 1848
after her return from Oberlin in 1847, she
was almost without money and was forced
to practice an economy which in our present
day would seem almost impossible.118

During that and subsequent years, while in 
the city, she boarded with a family named 
Crosby on Hanover st, paying for her 
food and lodging 25 cents a day, sharing 
room and bed with the daughters of the 
house. Later she became the invited guest and
occasional inmate of the comfortable home 
of Francis Jackson, 31 Hollis St.  Mr 
Jackson was one of the leading abolitionists 
of Boston, a plain, strong, substantial man 
of few words and excellent common sense, 
who had risen to wealth and social position 
by his force of character and admirable
business qualities.  Originally a poor boy 
apprenticed to a soap-maker, he used to say that his 
sense of smell had been permanently impaired by 
the noisome odors of the fat which he had been 
obliged to collect and purify. The home, as I remember 
it then, was a charming one, exquisitely clean and neat 
with a beautiful flower garden on the east side, 
which was the special delight and care of young 
James Jackson, the only son.  But [the] it was not 
without its shadows.  Mrs Eddy, the daughter, kept 
house, having with her a daughter by a former
husband, Mr Merriam. But she was separated 
from her [present]second husband, Mr Eddy, who was 
residing in Europe and had taken with him
two young daughters of Mrs Eddy, greatly to her 


119

sorrow. The intense pain of the bereavement
 had made the whole Jackson family warm advocates
of woman's rights, which manifested itself 
in a bequest made at his death by Mr Jackson 
to the woman suffrage cause (set aside by the 
courts as not being a legal charity) and by 
personal bequests to Lucy Stone and Susan B 
Anthony made by will drawn up by Wendell 
Phillips for Mrs Eddy on her death bed, many 
years later, and affirmed by the courts. 
Upstairs were the rooms of Mrs Jackson, 
whom I never met, she being insane and 
never leaving her room.  In this cosy home 
Lucy was always welcome, and her relation with 
Mr Jackson was almost filial in its warm 
cordiality.  The family made their summer home
at City Point, where they had a "country house," and
where James had afterwards, for many years, his 
garden and greenhouse. Near Mr Jackson, in a 
house on Dix Place, lived Mr & Mrs William Lloyd 
Garrison & their family. Not far off, on Exeter 
Place, lived Theodore Parker with his graceful 
wife and intelligent friend Miss Stevenson. On 
Essex Street lived Mr & Mrs Wendell Phillips, all 
within five minutes walk of each other. In
this intellectual and reformatory circle Lucy was 
like a daughter and I was welcomed for her sake. 
The anti slavery office & the Liberator were upstairs120

on the north side of Cornhill.
In October 1853, I met Lucy at a 
woman's rights convention in Cleveland O, 
which was very largely attended. By 
previous arrangement I joined her on the 
cars at Sandusky. She was with her dear 
friends and coworkers James and Lucretia 
Mott of Philadelphia, on their way from 
Toledo to the Convention. As I joined 
them about 9 AM, I found Lucy standing 
beside the old people reading the news 
aloud to them from the morning paper. The 
vivid interest she manifested in all that was 
going on evidently delighted them. At 
Cleveland we met Stephen & Abby Kelley Foster
Frances D Gage, Hannah M T Cutler, William
Lloyd Garrison, Rev. Antoinette L Brown, Rev 
Mr Nevins, and others. Mrs Caroline M 
Severan[??] and her husband were the 
principal local promoters and entertainers. 
Lucy as usual was the inspiration and 
working head of the affair. There I made 
my first woman's rights speech. It was a 
good one, as was natural under the 
circumstances.  After the afternoon session 
Lucy & I walked to the edge of the bluff 
overlooking [the] Lake Erie and watched the 
sun go down and the colors on the water.


121

It was a beautiful scene and we both felt 
engaged in heart though not yet in fact. 
Next morning, by appointment the night before, 
Stephen Foster & I rose early and bathed in 
the Lake. The air was sharp and the water 
was cold, but we enjoyed the plunge and the 
waves, and brought back to our boarding-house 
an appetite for breakfast.
[*Garrison-Nevins Religious conflict*]
During the convention Mr Garrison's theological
radicalism came into sharp conflict with 
Rev Mr Nevins' orthodox bigotry, which resulted
in Rev Mr N. assaulting Mr Garrison on the
platform and pulling his nose, for which Mr 
N. afterwards had the grace to apologize. Lucy 
however still held back from a positive engagement 
and I think did not fully decide in 
my favor until moved there by the [?] 
which I incured soon after by a singular 
occurrence.  It must have been, I think, 
[*Ohio Anti Slavery Conv 1854*]
in the following summer of 1854 that we met at
a convention of the Ohio Anti-Slavery Society 
in Salem, Ohio. There Marcus Robinson published
a weekly paper called "The Anti-Slavery Bugle" 
which took the radical Garrisonian ground of 
"No Union with Slaveholders." There resided a
a considerable circle of "come-outers"-- among them 
Charles and Josephine Griffring and English family named 
Brooks, Joseph Barker & others.  Edmund [?] was there from Boston.
I had prepared122

prepared a poem for the occasion which I 
was in the act of reciting and was 
exclaiming with much fervor an stanza 
of an original poem written for a celebration of the 4th of July
by the Cin Literary Club at Latonia Springs Ky.

"Oh the soul that's profaned by the step of a slave
Can never be Liberty's home;
She brooks not dishonor, but chooses the grave,
And Tyranny triumphs alone!"

when the meeting was electrified by a 
telegram from Pittsburgh announcing 
[*Episode of Slave girl*]
that a little slave-girl from Baltimore 
was on the cars and would pass through 
Salem about 2PM in charge of a 
young couple on their way to Memphis, 
the child having been given to them as a 
nurse-girl for their baby.  Now the political 
anti-slavery men of Ohio, led by Salmon P 
Chase, then governor & afterwards Senator
& Chief Justice, and by Samuel Lewis, 
claimed that slavery, being the creature of 
State law, a slave became free whenever 
voluntarily brought by the owner upon 
free soil.  It was desired to test the 
slaveholder's right of transit in the 
 courts.  Here was a chance to do so. 
The convention at once adjourned to the 
platform to attempt a rescue of the 
slave girl.  When train arrived, we 
all rushed on board the cars.  It so 


123

happened that I was one of the party that 
entered the right car, and that I chanced to 
be the first to lay hold on the little slave girl, 
who was hustled off and driven away in
a carriage which stood in readiness. The 
incursion was quite unexpected. The passengers 
were indignant; the wife cried "murder;" 
the women screamed; the men swore; and 
there was a great commotion. It was all over 
in a moment. But it so happened that there 
were some Cincinnati passengers on the 
cars and I was recognized.  One "Dick Key" 
a young Kentuckian, denounced me and we 
had a brief conflict of words upon the 
platform. Then the train went on. Next 
morning the Cincinnati papers were full of 
the affair; it was telegraphed all over the 
Country, and created an extraordinary 
excitement.  When I got back to the city, I 
found myself notorious. Suit was commenced 
against me.  But the lawyers "Taft & Mallon" 
anti-slavery men, 
were personal friends, and fellow members of a literary 
club, and took the case.  I suspect, with
the intention of letting the matter drop. 
It never came to trial.
[*Reward offered for HBB*]
But a mass meeting 
was held in Memphis to denounce the "outrage," 
and a reward of $10 000 was offered for my 
capture "dead or alive." Of course my124

conservative business friends, and 
especially my competitors in the 
wholesale hardware business were greatly
scandalized.  I had a large number 
of customers in Southern and central
Indiana and Illinois, natives of Kentucky. It was supposed
that my firm would lose them. But to 
their credit be it said, that while they 
disapproved of my action, they generally 
stood by me. But the notoriety and 
abuse which I incurred told with Lucy in 
my favor, and I think she has since 
said that it was this occurrence which 
settled the case in my favor, and gave me
the noblest woman and best wife that 
ever man had.  Surely I was richly 
rewarded for an unpremeditated action 
by nearly 40 years of domestic happiness! 
But it is a curious evidence of the 
growing irritation of feeling on the question of 
slavery, that so trivial an incident 
should have aroused such bitter feeling. 
For months afterwards, Southern men 
would call at my store to see me, with 
the avowed object of being able to identify me 
if I ever crossed the Ohio river and it 
would have been at the risk of my life had
I done so.


125

During the period of two years between my visit to Lucy
 at the home on Coy's Hill, [?] West Brookfield and our 
marriage May 1 1855 we kept up a frequent 
correspondence and met at various times and places 
east & west.  I visited her (I think it must 
have been in the summer of 1854 at her sister 
Sarah's house in Gardner, where we walked on "the 
Doctor's hill" and took tea together in the
 little side entry on milk and popped corn &
simple country fare.  Once we met at Niagara 
Falls by appointment and spent a happy day 
together. I made her also another visit at the 
old farm-house, where we again went to the 
Rock House and sat together on the rock above
it, and during our walk she showed me the 
granite boulder with a cleft in it where her 
brother Luther & she, as young children, playing 
together, thought they had found a gold mine. 
Lucy also visited our house on Walnut Hills more 
than once during her lecturing tours in the
intervals between lectures. On one occasion she 
came from the East with her sister Sarah and 
her children, who came to join Sarah's husband Mr 
Henry Laurence who was teaching in the House 
of Refuge at Cumminsville. On one of these 
visits in 1853 or 1854, after our engagement, Lucy 
went with me to the rooms of a colored daguerreotype126

daguerrotype artist named Ball in Cincinnati, where I
secured two excellent likenesses of her in a
small gold locket from which in 1894 (40 years
later) I have had enlarged photographs made
which show her at about 35 years of age.
I remember too, driving he out in a buggy
to the house of Mr. and Mrs. Ernest on the hills 
near Cumminsville where we met a daughter of
Nathaniel P. Rogers, who afterwards married
Victor Smith. (Mr. Smith was a brilliant young
newspaper man, a devoted friend of Salmon P.
Chase, who in 1861 appointed him Keeper of a
light house on Puget Sound. He was soon 
afterwards drowned on the Pacific ocean on his
way thither from San Francisco in a steamer
which foundered at sea.) Soon after our
marriage in the summer of 1855, Lucy & I
visited Victor and his wife in their beautiful
woodland home, on a hill looking down upon
the Little Miami river near Lovelands, surrounded
by the primeval forest. Another pleasant reminiscence
of our courtship during the two years which
elapsed between 1853 and 1855 is of meeting
[*Anthony Burns returned to slavery*] 
Lucy in Boston on the day that Anthony Burns was
returned to slavery & going with her to Nahaut,
where we sat on the rocks overlooking the sea
and heard the firing of cannons which, I


127

suppose, indicated his delivery to his Southern
master and the sailing of the ship from the
harbor.
During the series of lectures I arranged for
Lucy, I made several short visits to her, at the 
towns where she was giving them. They were given
in courses, three in number; from notes spoken
extemporaneously, never twice quite alike, entitled
1. The Social and Industrial Disabilities of Women;
2. The Legal and Political Disabilities of Women;
3. The Religious Disabilities of Women. She
occasionally spoke on the Temperance and 
Slavery questions, but not in the regular series.
As half of my life during those years was spent in
business travel through the regions where Lucy's
lectures were given, so far as arranged by me, i.e.-
in Indiana, Ohio, and at Louisville, Chicago & St. Louis,
I found no difficulty in making such brief
meetings. During this time she lectured several
times in Cincinnati, sometimes alone, sometimes in
connection with Lucretia Mott, Lydia Jenkins,
and others.

We were married on the morning of May 1, 1855 at
the old farm house on Coy's hill by Rev (afterwards Col)
Thomas Wentworth Higginson. I came in from Cincinnati
direct by rail reaching West Brookfield on April 28128


129
[*LS & HBB Wedding*]

As I came through Western Massachusetts I was struck
by the great lateness of New England Spring.  Snow drifts
were still visible in the hollows of the hills. April
29 Lucy and I drove over to North Brookfield and visited
Mr. and Mrs. Amasa Walker; also some connections 
of Lucy's named Johnston.  It was a cold, rainy day
with a piercing East wind and we had a chilly
ride coming from the milder climate of
Southern Ohio.  None of my own relatives were at the 
wedding.  The afternoon before the wedding, Mr.
Higginson and his wife (a sister of Ellery Channing)
come up from Worcester.  The day before, while the
simple preparations for the wedding breakfast
were being made, Lucy's father amused me by
calling me aside and asking me what kind of
meat I should prefer--beefsteak, or veal cutlets,
or mutton chops.   
[*Wedding Protest*]
 Lucy and I had prepared for publication
a protest against the injustice of the legal marriage
relation, which then, even more than now, subordinated
the wife to the husband.  In it we pledged ourselves in 
case of disagreement never to appeal to these
unjust laws.  After breakfast we all assembled
in the sitting room on the east side of the house.
There were present Lucy's father and mother, her brother
Bowman and his wife Samanthe, Bowman's three
children Frank Edward & Phebe, Phebe the widow
of Lucy's brother Luther, Mr. and Mrs. Higginson,
Jane Robinson and her two daughters Emily & Mary,
Lucy and myself.  I read the protest aloud to130


131
[*Ceremony*]

the assembled party as a portion of the marriage
service.  Old Mr Stone gave Lucy  & me as his
parting advice "Never both get angry at once",
and brother Bowman assured me with tears in
his honest eyes that "Lucy is a worthy woman".
Lucy knowing my tendency to oversleep myself,
came to my chamber  and called me early,
as we were to start on our journey West,
via New York City, by the morning train from
West Brookfield immediately after the ceremony.
We drove down to the village, Mr & Mrs
Higginson returned to Worcester, and Lucy & I
took the cars to New York City, where we
spent the night at the house of mt sister, Dr.
Elizabeth Blackwell, No [53] 49 East 15th St.
Mr. Osborne M Daniel called on us during the evening
(his wife was a sister of  Charles A. Dana of the
NY Tribune, afterwards of the Sun)  Lucy had a
severe sick head-ache, to which at that period
of her life she was subject to, and retired early.
Next day we travelled via Erie Railway, as 
far as Corning, where we spent the night to
break the fatigue of the journey, as sleeping cars
had not then been invented.  The afternoon of 
May 4(my birthday) we reached Cincinnati &
spent that, my 30th birthday with Mother and
brothers Samuel & George and Sister Ellen at the little
home on Walnut Hills, corner Montgomery Road
[*See p.133*]132
[*(insert)*]

When we reached my mother's little brick house, tired and
languid from the long railroad ride and the contrast
between the cool bracing air we had left in New England
and the warm advanced spring weather of Southern
Ohio in May, Lucy entered with frank cordiality into
our somewhat free and easy family life like a daughter
of the house. Mother had entertained her as a guest
several times before, as she passed to and from
Cincinnati on her lecturing engagements. A warm 
affection had grown up between them, which continued
ever after unabated until my mother's death in 1871.
With what sweetness and patience both women bore
the unavoidable inconveniences of a small, crowded
house with its imperfect accommodations! Mother cheerfully
gave Lucy and me her largest chamber, taking for herself
the room adjoining.

* During that early summer, [*1855*] I remember taking
part in the formation of the Republican party of Southern
Ohio. One morning I remember walking with my friend
Spofford across the hills at an extremely early hour to be
on hand at the opening of the polls at the voting place on
the Reading road some two or three miles distant, to
prevent their being captured by the pro-slavery "Know nothing"
or "American" element of the "anti-Nebraska" combination.
[*1st meeting 
where LS &
HBB spoke 
together after 
marriage*]
Also a visit to Christian Donaldson at New Richmond, O.
where Lucy & I first spoke together as husband and wife, at a
woman's rights meeting.


133

and Church St, opposite the Lane Seminary
campass. Of our life for the next few
months I recall comparatively little. I 
was very closely occupied with business.
Mother was kindness itself and welcomed
Lucy as a daughter. Mr. A R Spofford and 
his wife Sarah Partridge, were living near
us in a small house belonging to Epaphras
Goodman. I think their eldest child Charlie
was a baby, christened "Neogenos" by his
father. We used to visit them. Lucy visited
the Harwoods, Ernsts, Colmans, Donaldsons, Jolliffes, and other
abolition friends. Gov Chase took tea
with us one evening and presented us
with his picture, which still hangs over
Lucys desk in our dining-room after the
lapse of 42 years.*  When the heat of summer
came on, I started with horse & buggy on
my usual summer collecting tour among my
customers in Indiana and Illinois. Soon
after I left occurred the Margaret Garner
incident described in Levi Coffin's memoirs.
[*Margaret Garner incident*]
A negro family named Garner has fled from slavery
in Kentucky. It consisted of father, mother & several
children, one a baby. They were hiding in Cincinnati,
but were discovered and arrested by their 
owner. Resolved not to be carried back, Margaret
seized a knife, killed one of her children and134

135
was about to dispatch the others and herself
when she was disarmed and captured. The
affair caused great excitement.  The slaves were
brought before U.S. Commissioner Pendery, a tool
of the slave holders.  John Jolliffe acted as their
counsel.  Lucy was present at the trial.  She
had previously visited Margaret in the jail.
Col Chambers, the owner's counsel, charged that
Lucy had advised Margaret to take her life rather
than be carried back.  The slaves were remanded
to their owner.  Lucy asked to be heard, and 
when the court adjourned she addressed the
audience, which crowded the room.  She
justified Margaret's heroic resolution to choose
death in preference to slavery for herself and 
her children in a speech of great power and
eloquence.  Her plea created the wildest enthusiasm
and the fiercest indignation, according to the
sympathies of her auditors.  The sweat poured
from the face of the slave owner, who was
fairly cowed by the passion and pathos of
Lucy's appeal, and promised that the slaves
should not be "sent down the river" until
Governor Chase's requisition on the Governor
of Kentucky for the return of Margaret to
stand trial for the murder of her child
should be made.  Of course he did not keep
his promise.  It was in vain.  The family was136


137
given up, carried over to Kentucky and
sent down the river, where Margaret's
baby was drowned by falling from its
mother's arms when the boat lurched
the mother making no effort to save it.
Margaret soon  afterwards died. Her
husband wrote the sad details to
Lucy some years later.
The papers were filled with sensational
details, which reached me at Charleston,
Coles Co, Ills., a settlement of Kentuckians
most of whom were my customers.  To 
their credit be it said that though they disapproved
of Lucy's course and of my antislavery
attitude, they were thrilled by her courage and
heroic spirit and none of them severed their
business relations with me.  I have always
regarded Lucy's action, she being a comparative
stranger in an intensely pro slavery community,
as one of the finest incidents of her life.

During that summer or in the fall of 1855 Lucy
went East to visit her home and resume her lecturing..
Soon afterwards my brother Samuel and myself
sold out our interest in the hardware firm of
Coombs Ryland and Blackwell to Mr. Ostrom and Mr. Halets, and
I spent a part of the winter in travelling with138


139

Mr Ostrom and introducing him to my customers.
In the Spring, before moving East, which was Lucy's
preference as well as my own, I arranged to meet
Lucy in Chicago and go with her to spend the 
summer of 1856 in Viroqua, the county seat of 
Bad Axe Co (now Vernon Co) in Western Wisconsin.
[*land in Viroqua Wis*]
About all I had was tracts of land in Illinois
and Wisconsin.  Before going East I wished to
examine in detail some 6000 acres which I had
bought some years before from the State on 30
years credit & which I hoped to be able to exchange
in the East for other property by attaching 
to each 40 acre tract a written description of soil
surface, timber, &e.  Lucy met me in Chicago
at the time appointed, but some unexpected
business complication compelled me to postpone
our trip for several weeks.  From motives of
economy we drove out to a farm a few miles
from the city where I left Lucy with the horse &
buggy among strangers.  It was a lonely and
uncomfortable delay for her, which she bore with
generous forbearance and [generous] cheerfulness.
Resuming our journey, we crossed  Northern Illinois
and Southern Wisconsin to Madison.  It was
beautiful weather.   We always remembered with 
delight the clover fields waist high in full bloom or
"Queen Ann's Prairie," and the passing a large140


141

frame building which some enthusiastic reformer
had erected and christened "Humanity's Barn".
He was a land-reformer and socialist and
wished to extend hospitality & fraternity to the
whole human race. At Madison we met Mr
Hoyt and his wife (afterwards Gov. Hoyt of Wyoming)
Thence we went down Black Earth Valley to Arena, a
town recently laid out by Dr Brisbane, a South
Carolina slaveholder who had freed his slaves
and become an abolitionist; thence through Richland
Centre and the almost unbroken forest of Richland
Co & eastern Bad Ax Co, crossing the Kickapoo
river, to Springville & thence to Veroqua. We
stopped one night at the head of Black Earth Valley
with a family from Prince Edward's Island & in
the Richland Co forest with a family of Dunkards
from Pennsylvania, who had raised a fine crop of
wheat upon soil never plowed, "girdling" the huge
trees, & using a "brush" instead of a harrow to
cover the seed. The rich black loamy soil was as
mellow as an ash heap. At Viroqua we boarded
at first at the "North Star Hotel", a frame
building with very poor accommodations. But
Lucy accustomed to the exquisite clean linens
and quiet of a New England farmer's home, found
this mode of living too uncomfortable, so we rented
a room and boarded ourselves. While there,142


143

Lucy spoke by invitation at a 4th of July
celebration in a grove. While she was
speaking, a part of the staging gave way. She
waited quietly until the alarm subsided and 
then completed her speech, which is still remembered
by the old residents, improving the incident by
saying "So will our government break down,
unless the aggressions of the slave power are
checked and the principles of the Declaration
of Independence applied to women!  I had
to leave Lucy very much alone while I drove
about with a surveyor, making out my
descriptions of lands upon the spot.  We
took many pleasant rides together, eating
bread and milk among the Norwegian farmers
in  Coon Prairie from wooden bowls with
carved wooden spoons, family heirlooms.
We hired a young Norwegian named Th[?]
Hoverman, (son of Carl Hover) to break up the
sod of 160 acres of beautiful land on Coon 
Prairie upon which next year 6000 bushels of
grain were raised.  Two beautiful young
white birch trees grew on the centre of this
tract in a cluster of nooks which we called "Harry
and Lucy".  I have never seen them since that 
summer.  We also visited together more than
once our "Sixteenth Section" South of Viroqua144


145

adjoining a Scotch farmer named Stevenson,
a beautiful tract of "oak openings," which
we half wished to retain for its beauty.
Later in the summer we spent a few days
in LaCrosse where my brother George was
then residing, and where I had made some
investments on joint account with friends
in Cincinnati.  We were amused at an ingenious
device of our landlady, who daily gave her 
boarders apple pie, though there were no apples
to be had in that new country.  The substitute for
apple was cracker soaked in hot water [till it] to 
[was] a pulp and flavored with cream of
tartar and essence of lemon.  My brother
was interested with a land company in the
development of "Le Crescent opposite La Crosse,
in Minnesota.  We rambled over the majestic
bluffs of the Mississippi Valley back of La Crescent.
I shall never forget Lucy's delight at seeing a
deer leap up from the bushes beside us and bound
away across the prairie slopes until lost to
view.  The wild freedom of the creature appealed
to her so strongly that her eyes filled with tears.

We spent the winter and
spring of 1856-7 with my sister Elizabeth in
New York at 49 East 15th St where we were
joined by my mother and my brother Samuel & his146


147

wife, Rev. Antoinette Brown, recently married.
[*Seeking home*]
During that winter and Spring, Lucy & I
visited various suburbs of New York in
search of a country home, complicated by
the fact that I was looking for a business
position and that all we had to offer in
exchange was unimproved western lands.
Among other localities, we visited the farm of a
Mr. Haight on the hills near White Planes,
Westchester Co, also Dobbs Ferry, where we
were hospitably entertained by a Quaker friend
named Stephen Archer, also Lloyd's Neck L.I.,
Fordham &c.  But we were drawn to
[*Orange*]
Orange N. Jersey by an old friend from
Ohio, whom I had long known and loved—
Augustus O Moore—formerly of Cincinnati.
[*1st home*]
He had married a daughter of William Green
Jr. of New York and made his home in Orange
and his business in the city.  We succeeded in
buying in Orange, in my wife's name, a house
on Hurlbut St near Cone, paying for it $500,
cash which we borrowed from "Aunt Hetty
Haskell of West Gloucester Mass, an old
"come-outer" friend of Lucy's—assuming mortgages
& giving a tract of Wisconsin land.  We moved
in, furnishing it partially, and there began our
 slender housekeeping.148


149

About this time I bought an interest from Cull Saxon,
Augustus O. Moore's partner in the firm of Cull Saxton & Co.
publishers of agricultural books, 144 Fulton St, New York.
This connection however did not last long, as on investigation
I found that the business was not prospering.  During
this connection I went West to try to introduce these
books into the farmer's libraries, through the State Superintendents
of Schools of Ohio, Indiana & other states, leaving
Lucy alone with our baby girl and a young Irish servant
in the half-furnished house at Orange.  Her friends there 
were Augustus Moore  & his wife living on Llewellyn Park,
Rowland Johnson & wife, Ludlow Patton & wife; Theodore D.
Weld and his wife and Sarah Grinike at Belleville NJ
and then or later Mrs. Andrew Jackson Davis, wife of the
"Seer of Poughkeepsie" —  During my visit to Columbus O, I
was kindly welcomed by Gov Chase who invited me
to tea, where I saw his beautiful daughter Kate (afterwards
Mrs. [?] ) who presided at the tea table.  On leaving
the firm I took charge of the books of D. Torrance
a son-in law of Commodore Vanderbilt and manager of
the Vanderbilt line of steamers.  A few months later, Mr.
Moore having bought out his partner, I rejoined him
and in concert with Mr. Powell Illinois State Superintendent
of Public Instruction, got up a series of four district
School libraries composed in part of our publications.
This took me to Chicago, where I spent the greater part 
of two years.150


151

It was [in] September 14, 1857 that Alice was born.  My sister
Emily was present at the confinement.  I was at home.

[*finances*]
After our marriage, and for several years
afterwards we were in straightened circumstances
pecuniarily, and had to live with extreme economy.
I had sold out my interest in the Cincinnati
hardware business on credit, taking in exchange
a [mortgag] farm near Chicago, and owing a cousin
in England for it.  What Lucy had earned by her
lectures, some $5000, she had placed in the hands
of my brother and myself, and held our note secured
by Western land certificates.  What little property
I had was also invested in Western lands, which
paid no in come, but on the contrary were a
heavy load to carry.  I had to live on such salary
as I could earn.  I had few connections or friends
in the East.  Having secured our home, we went
to housekeeping with very little furniture, and at first
without help.  Having no book-case, but between us a
good many books, I arranged them in rows on the
floor, along the sides of our parlor.  Our house was 
only three minutes walk from North Orange Station.
After breakfast I took train for New York, no returning
until evening.  My brother Samuel and his wife,
Antoinette Brown, a fellow student of Lucy's at
Oberlin, were living in a small house at the head of
Market St in Newark about 2 miles distant.
It was a lonely and laborious life which Lucy had152


153

to live from 1857.  Absent all day in New York, and
during my frequent business trips in the West
absent for months at a time, the baby was at
once her care and her consolation. 
 [*1857 taxes*]
During our first winter in Orange, as the property
was Lucy's, the tax-bill came in her name.  She 
promptly declined to pay it in a brief note to
Mr. Mandeville, the collector, on the ground that
"taxation and representation are inseparable."
Of course an attachment was made on our
household effects
household effects, and an auction sale was made
on the lawn in front of the house. Among the
various article of furniture sold by Mr. Tompkins,
the auctioneer, was the baby wagon [*cradle*].  Our friend
Rowland Johnson, without any previous understanding,
attended the sale, bid in the property,
and paid the tax bill with costs. 
[*voting of N.J. women 1776-1807*]    The occurrence
created much newspaper comment, and drew from
Mr. Whitehead, of Newark, a prominent member
of the New Jersey Historical Society, an interesting
but inadequate narrative of the early voting
of women in New Jersey from 1776 to 1807,
thus reviving the memory of a very important
and honorable event of American history,
until then almost forgotten.
After the birth of our daughter Alice, I think
that, with the exception of a meeting held in
Brooklyn at the Academy of Music, where154


155

the speakers were Lucy Stone and Henry Ward
Beecher, my wife did no speaking in public
during that and several subsequent years.
Domestic and family cares and preoccupations
absorbed her time and thoughts. She
was a most careful and conscientious housekeeper
and was devoted to her child.  Surrounded by
strangers, in a community almost wholly unsympathetic
with reform, and with the slavery question
growing ever more and more pressing and tempestuous,
she bided her time.
   In 1858-9 our firm organized a system of
school district public libraries in Illinois,
resulting in the introduction of some 
1500 during the following two years, taking in
payment the obligations  of the district school 
directors. 
[*Lucy goes to  Chicago 1858*]
This obliged me to remain for a year
in Chicago and my wife accompanied me
thither taking with us our baby daughter.
(When I first left home for the West after the
birth of the child, Lucy went to a daguerreotype
artist & had a likeness of herself and the baby
taken & rolled it up in my nightgown, wishing 
to give me a pleasant surprise,  It so happened
[*Daguerreotype
Lucy and Baby
Edna Stantial has it*]
that I did not unroll the nightgown for
several weeks & so did not discover the picture.
My letters making no allusion to the picture
was a disappointment & surprise to Lucy156


157

who naturally felt hurt at my apparent
indifference)  On our way to Chicago I
remember we crossed the Detroit river on
a ferry boat in the middle of the night, and as
I carried the baby into the cabin and she
looked about with baby wonder, we queried
how much she could comprehend of what was
going on around her.  On reaching Chicago
we boarded for a few weeks with a Mrs Johnston,
where among the boarders we met Mr Stephen
Higginson & his wife recently returned from the
island of St Croix, and other interesting people.
Then we boarded for a time on Clark St with a
family named Cooke.  Finally we went to
[live with Mr & Mrs George Sherwood] board with
a family named Bryce at Mauston.  There we
met with a serious misfortune.  By a
miscarriage, Lucy lost a boy, and as we
never had other children, this deprived our
daughter of a brother and my wife of a son.
Soon afterwards we became inmates of the
home of Mr & Mrs George Sherwood at
Evanston.  Mr Sherwood was a manufacturer of
school furniture & I had a desk in his office 
at Chicago.  His wife's sister, Miss Latty and
daughter Mrs Merwin completed the household.
Mrs Merwin is now the editor of the St. Louis
Journal of Education and still as ever a staunch158


159

friend of woman suffrage.  During that pleasant
summer, Lucy used to walk with little Alice
to the railroad station to meet me on my
return from Chicago.  When I approached them,
Lucy would let the little girl run to meet me, which she
always did with her head down, apparently from a
sort of shyness, to the amusement of the
bystanders.  We built ourselves a bathing
-house in the grove on the shore of the Lake,
and my daughter remembers the fact that some
mischievous boys once threw stones against
the house when she was inside dressing.
During our stay in Chicago, Lucy greatly
enjoyed the acquaintance [with] of  Robert Collyer
then city missionary.  Also of Frank and Emma
Newhall, old friends of Lucy; and Mr & Mrs
Edwin Harwood and his his wife, old abolition
friends of mine in Cincinnati, and Paschal
Matthews and wife and their daughter Alice,
distant connections of my wife's mother.
As I had to find an agent in every one of
the 100 Counties of Illinois.  I was often obliged
to absent myself, but as a rule kept my
office hours in Chicago & spent my nights at
Evanston.  I remember the delight with which we
used to set a lamp with a colored shade upon the
floor of our sitting room & let the little girl
crawl around it and pick out for us the160


161

various colors on the shade.
[*Back in Orange*]
In 1860 [I was] we were back in Orange.
Mr Moore's health having failed, he
sold out the Agricultural book business
to Miller & Orton, and I had to wind up
the library business, which proved a very
tedious and expensive process.  Mr 
Moore, suffering from hemmorhages went
meanwhile went to Costa Rica, where he seemed
to completely regain his strength, but
later, being in the vicinity of a volcano
in eruption, the dust brought on a return
of his complaint and he came back to
New York.  Meanwhile I had engaged in
the real estate business in Orage, encouraged
to do so by Mr Llewellyn Haskell of of
Eagle Rock, the proprietor of Llewellyn Park.
[*R Estate office*]
I had my office on Main st near the
corner of [?] Day st.  We had traded mean-
while with Mr Charles Fairbanks some
Western lands for a new house adjoining
Lucy's house on Harlbut st, and moved into it.
[*Montclair*]
Lucy had traded her house subject to a mortgage
of $2100 with Mr Charles G Judson for a property
in Montclair subject to a mortgage of $1800, which in part we still retain—
a beautiful tract of 18 acres with an old
half-ruined cottage, which we repaired & afterwards
occupied.162


163

[*HBB NY office*]
During the two years I remained in the real estate
business I had an office in Orange near my house, 
on Main St above Day St, which I rented from an
old gentleman named Col Bobbitt. I also had an office
on William St near Cedar St in New York. My
New York office hours were from 9 to 11 AM – afterwards
at my Orange office. Here again, as always, I was
most efficiently aided by my wife, who would
often take my place in my Orange office while I
was away showing houses and country seats, and
in some cases went herself with our customers
to show them houses. In addition to selling and
renting for others on commission, I was engaged in
trading off my Wisconsin lands for mortgaged
properties. As a result, this involved large
outlays for taxes and interest and in order to meet
them, I took a position as salesman for Bramhall
[*various occupations*] 
Deane & Co. manufacturers of kitchen ranges at 440
Broadway. Later I took position as bookkeeper and
salesman with Dennis Harris, sugar refiner, who
had been my father's foreman in his sugar refinery
from 1832 to 1837). It was now soon after the breakup
[*house trading*]
out of the Civil War. Lucy and I had moved three
times – 1. after 2 years from 1857 to 1859 from her house into the house I had bought
from Mr Fairbanks adjoining that; then in 1861 into a 
house which I had traded for with Sidney B Day of
Montclair, in which we lived while fitting up another one on
my wife's land taken in exchange for house no164


165

I am situated on the beautiful mountain
slope above Montclair on the Valley Road to
Paterson. There we kept a horse and carriage 
and man; I went daily to the sugar house, 
returning at night. This trip then occupied 
1½ hour each way, and was quite laborious.
In winter the roads were deep in red N. Jersey
mud. We bought our mare "Nanny" through Mr.
Sherman a book agent who had sold agricultural
books in Georgia for many years for CM Saxton.
He was a queer character, a typical old fashioned
Connecticut Yankee, – honest, shrewd, narrow and
dogmatic. He was intensely proslavery, but amiable
and well meaning, a personal acquaintance and
warm admirer of Alexander H. Stephens afterwards vice-president
of the Southern Confederacy.  Wishing to win him over to
anti-slavery & union views, I persuaded him to go with 
me one evening to hear Greeley, Tilton & Henry B.
Stanton speak on the war.  Greeley's speech made a 
favorable impression on the old man. But Tilton followed
with a plea for settling the negro question by amalgamation,
and Stanton capped the climax with a 
violent denunciation of Southern traitors, comparing
them with the Canaanites, and advocating a
policy of extermination. That settled the question
for poor Sherman who became thenceforth a more
pronounced copperhead than ever.166


167

The period of our residence in Orange was, (with
the interlude of our one year's stay in Chicago and
vicinity), from 1858 to 1862. During these years
the war was impending. While in Chicago Lucy &
I addressed a woman suffrage meeting in Waukegan Ill.
presided over by John Gage, an enterprising and
wealthy farmer and an [member] officer of the State
Agricultural Society. His farm was noted over the
entire state as being completely fenced by Orange
Orange hedges. It was a section of one mile
square divided in to 16 lots of 40 acres each, so that
his farm had on it ten miles of hedges. Mr. Gage was
a brother of the husband of "Aunt Franny" - Frances D Gage -
a well known writer of stories and an ardent woman suffragist.
In introducing us, Mr. Gage referred to the withdrawals
of Southern Senators and Representatives then going
on in Washington, and predicted the downfall of 
slavery and a subsequent era of enfranchisement for
women. I wrote a number of editorials during this
period  [*HBB editorials*] which appeared in the New York Tribute,
pointing out the certainty of civil war, but I
do not recall many meetings addressed by Lucy.
Like many of the Garrisonians, she looked to moral
methods for the abolition of slavery, and doubted
the wisdom of using coercive measures to maintain
a union with slave holders. [*visit with lawyer A Lincoln*] 
Some two years before
this, while visiting Mr Powell, State Superintendent of
Public Instruction in Springfield Ill., he went with me to
consult Abraham Lincoln, a lawyer of high local168


169

reputation, but not yet of
national fame, on some point of law.
He was on his way from the court
house to his office, in the act of crossing the public
square with his law books under his arm. he had a 
singularly honest, kind, friendly manner and impressed 
me at the time as a considerate and
judicious adviser. His synonyme was "Honest old Abe."
[*Horace Greeley*]During our two year's residence 
on the mountain side at Montclair above
Valley Road, we had on one occasion a visit from
Lucy's old friend, Horace Greeley. He was greatly interested 
in Lucy's "farm," and wished to advise
us in regard to it. He came out with me from
New York one afternoon, and spent the night at our
house, returning with me to the city next morning.
Alice was becoming somewhat heavy for being carried but
still clung to her mother in baby fashion. Mr Greeley 
urged Lucy to "put the child on the floor and let her
crawl." He told how his mother, at Derby, N.H. used
to step round among her babies, having to be
careful not to tread upon them. He had a habit, like
John Quincy Adams in later life, of dropping asleep in
his chair and then waking up again during conversation,
being a man who habitually overworked.  At
that time, he was in hearty sympathy with the woman's
rights movement not yet having been alienated by the
social vagaries and free divorce attitude of the Revolution
and Woodhull and Claflin's Weekly. He had an[*170*]
[*171*]

always maintained an affection and esteem for Lucy
and absolute faith in her. He took a lively
interest in our small gardening and farming affairs,
and gave us much good advice on the management
of our [fifty] 15 acres.  About the same time or
soon after, Theodore Tilton (then editor of the
NY Independent) his wife, and their two little girls
came out and spent a week with us, Tilton
going in with me daily, and coming out in the 
evening. He was then a warm friend and protege
of Horace Greeley, and seemed devotedly attached
to his wife and children. He told me that if he could
pay off a $5000 mortgage on his Brooklyn home, he
should be "perfectly happy". We had a rather remarkable
swing on the level terrace in front of the 
house, attached to the limbs of an ancient cherry
tree, the oldest tree in that region. The starting 
point of the swing was on the level terrace 
by the well, but as it moved forward it
passed beyond the slope so that the seat
became 25 feet or more above the level of the
ground in front, thus giving the occupant very
much the sensation of flying.  Tilton and I took
[*HBB "pumping" on swing with Tilton*]
great enjoyment in standing on this seat
facing each other and alternately throwing our 
weight backward and forward, this urging the
swing to its full capacity. He was a tall, slender, remarkably
handsome young man, brilliant in conversation172


173

conversation and sunny and amiable in manners.
[*Beecher Tilton Scandal*] It is sad to
think of the moral perversion which culminated some 
years later in a breach between himself and Beecher, 
the breaking up of his home, and the shocking scandal
which followed.  The free love serpent had not
yet entered that little Brooklyn Eden. Among our
visitors at that time were some of our Orange
friends, also my sisters Elizabeth and Emily, who
had bought land and built a house near us
on the mountain.  On one occasion my employer,
Mr Dennis Harris & his wife spent a Sunday
afternoon with us, having driven out all the
way from New York in their carriage and returning
in the same way.  Being absent in the
city all day during the week, Lucy & I, in pleasant
weather, usually walked together over our farm
during Sunday forenoons with our small Alice
on my shoulder, and in the afternoons drove
together over the surrounding country, exploring
the romantic slopes and valleys. We used
to visit Patterson, Little Falls, Caldwell,  Pompton
Plains, Milburn, Summit, & Verona, &c.  On one
occasion we went as far as Morristown. I still
remember the bright sunshine, the sweet air, the
halo of mountain peaks, the rocky, winding, uneven,
almost untravelled roads, and these many Sunday
drives were among the most charming episodes
of my life. They were a relief from the treadmill drudgery174


                                                                                                                                               175

of my weekday life in New York.
    I remember also we had on one occasion a 
visit from Lucy's brother Bowman, who assisted 
our two men, Cooper and Anthony, in digging 
out and removing some huge stones from our 
lawn and in grading it off.  During this period
I joined the "Union League" of Montclair,
 a secret society with passwords, &c made 
sundry political speeches and took part 
in "bonding the town" for a second railroad 
from New York to Greenwood Lake, now a branch 
of the Erie road— 
[*pd for draft substitute*]
    It was the time of the draft, & I
paid $300 for a substitute.  I remember the 
deep interest we felt one Sunday in reading
a speech by Carl Schurz, and the absolute 
breach of neighborly sympathy between the 
Union and Copperhead citizens of our town.  
Our attempts to make the marketing of our 
fruit profitable had an amusing result.  We
had an immense crop of magnificent cherries.  We 
gathered with great labor a wagon load 
and sent them next morning early to Newark 
market.  The result was a profit of 45 
cents. We raised and dried a crop of chickory 
(building a kiln for the purpose)
which brought us only $16.  Evidently farming 
for us did not pay! 
   But the inconvenience and isolation of a 
residence so far from my business and176

social advantages made us decide in the
fall of 1862 or 3 (?) to move into New York. 
 Accordingly we engaged board with [, a]
Mrs Palmer, corner Gramercy Park & 3 Ave 
and there spent the winter.
  During our residence on the 
Mountain side in Montclair we owned 
a large property extending  on both sides
the Valley road from the top of the Mountain 
almost to the Telegraph road nearly a 
mile in length.  It is an evidence of the 
cheery health and vigor of my wife, altho she 
must have been 43 or 44 years of age, that on 
one occasion Lucy & one little daughter Alice 
and myself started on the child's hand-sled 
from under the cliff near where Highland Ave. 
now runs, and went down the mountain side 
like a flash, passing South of our house, crossing 
the valley road into and over the plain
beyond, past. the stone house which I 
had completed and rented to Mrs Kartright.  
It was a daring and reckless ride, which no 
one, it is safe to say, ever took before and which 
it is now physically impossible, after the 
extension of Prospect, Mountain, and Cliffside 
Avenues, &c, that anyone will ever take again.  
One of our cares and troubles, while living there, 
which seems small in recollection, but which was 
[*more 178*]


177178

serious at the time was in satisfying the tenant 
who occupied the stone house below us on the 
opposite side of Valley Road.  Mrs Rortright was a 
lady of Dutch descent with an imperious temper, 
considerable wealth, entire leisure, and an 
exacting disposition.  Her house was supplied 
by a hydraulic ram worked by a spring near 
the house.  This ram was continually getting
out of order, and we were almost daily called upon
to set it going.  This and other demands of so
large a place became a serious burden upon my 
wife's time and patience.  The old tradition of
careful NE. farming and exquisitely neat
housekeeping clung to her, and the attempts to
make the land a source of income with careless
or unfaithful help, was laborious and disappointing.
We had not learned that it was cheaper to
let the land lie untilled and leave the fruit
ungathered.
The winter spent at Mrs. Palmer's was early in the
war.  Our fellow boarders included several interesting
characters.  One was an Irish gentleman, a Mr Fitzgerald, 
a brother of the "Knight of Kerry".  He was, I
believe, a correspondent of the London Times, a bitter "copperhead," a thorough aristocrat, a man of intense prejudices,
especially against the (Celtic) Irish race.  He said he
he belonged to one of the only two "Norman" families of
Ireland.   Nervous and excitable and in poor health
[*go to 180*]

179180

he was delightful in social intercourse, polished,
genial, and, aside from his hobbies, one of the
most amiable and agreeable of men.  His only
intimate associate was a quiet, modest, middle aged
New York bookseller, and he felt lonely and out of
spirits.  By most he was shunned as a "British spy".
Soon after, by advice of his physician, he went to live on
the Long Island sea shore, as a climate more nearly
resembling the west coast of Ireland, and we
met him no more.  He used to describe to us with
enthusiasm the great rushing currents of soft sea air,
the rocky coasts and the stormy oceans of western
Ireland, and the light canvas boats in which the
hardy fishermen went out for miles into the vast
ocean swell and tossing waves of the Atlantic.
Here too was boarding young Mr Olcott, with
his wife and family; he afterwards became an
associate of Madame Blavatsky and a leader
among the theosophists.  I had known him as the
author of one of [Mr Moore's] the agricultural books, (entitled
"Sorgho and Imphee") which had been published
by the firm of CM. Saxon & Co during my connection
with it.  The firm, in connection with the U.S.
Agricultural Department, had first distributed
the seeds of the so called Chinese and African
Sugar canes brought to this country by an
Englishman, Mr Leonard Wray. __  That winter
Lucy was actively associated with [Miss] Susan B.
[*to 182*]

181182

Anthony and others in organizing the Woman's 
Loyal League and a few years later in forming 
The American Equal Rights Association which 
demanded the extension of suffrage alike 
for negroes and women.
In the Spring we went, I think 
[*1865*]
for our summer vacation to the old home in 
West Brookfield and to Chilmark in 
Martha's Vineyard.  The following
 winter we boarded for a time farther 
uptown near the East river, but found the 
society so hopelessly prosaic and uncongenial, that
we bought a house in Roseville, in Newark, NJ., 
and resumed housekeeping.  There we continued 
to reside until our removal to Boston in the
fall of 1868.  My mother and sister Marian 
lived near us on Roseville Avenue.  My brother 
George, who had taken my real-estate business in 
Orange, when I gave it up some years before, boarded 
with my sister.  My brother Samuel bought a 
house near us.  My daughter went to Mrs 
Trippe's school near by.  We adopted as a 
playmate for her an active, noisy, nasty-tempered 
impulsive, rollicking, affectionate young girl 
named Annie Gleason, to whom my wife soon 
became tenderly attached, but who did not prove 
a congenial companion to Alice.  Later we 
placed Annie in a home in Boston with a

183184

family named Homer; then in one at Greenland 
N.H., and finally with Mrs Mary Ann Blair of 
Warren, Mass, an old friend of my wife's.  There 
she was very happy,but a year or two later 
was suddenly carried off by spinal-meningitis. 
It was a great grief to my wife, who never 
ceased to regret her loss.
[*West Bloomfield became Montclair NJ*]
After leaving West Bloomfield (now Montclair) 
about 1862 or 3, Lucy to some extent resumed her 
public work, so far as was compatible with her 
domestic cares.  During the five or six years that 
followed, I was part of the time closely occupied in the sugar 
business with Mr Harris.  We spent three or 
four summers on Martha's Vineyard, 
which we first visited in 1865 in a sailboat belonging to 
Capt Daniel Flanders of Menemsha. __ On this first
occasion we spent only a week or ten days.  
Our party consisted of my old friend Ainsworth 
R Spofford librarian of Congress, Mr Wittmer of 
New York, Mr Wiltse of Newburgh, brother in law 
of Mr Spofford and an ardent sportsman, 
my wife, my daughter, young Charlie Spofford, 
and myself.  Failing to find board at 
Menemsha, we secured accommodations at 
The Gay Head Light-house with Capt Adams 
(or his son-in-law Mr Pease, who succeeded him.) 
We enjoyed it so much that the following 
summer we engaged board with Capt Mayhew

185186

Adams on the South road, where we met Mrs
Meline and her son & daughter of Washington D.C.,
friends of the Spoffords.  We had hoped to have
the Spoffords also with us.  But not finding 
the place satisfactory, my wife and I, at the
end of a month, rented "the Cliff House", as
we called, it, on Wacobske Cliffs, a couple of
miles to the westward and set up
housekeeping with furniture rented from
the neighbors.  Soon afterwards my
mother in Roseville was attacked with a
terrible carbuncle, and a change of air
seeming imperative, she was brought to our
house on Wacobske Cliffs & my sister Marian came with her as
nurse.  It was a tedious and painful
illness.  The move undoubtledly save and
prolonged my mother's life.  But it entailed
great care and labor upon my wife, who,
tho she bore it patiently and uncomplainingly,
suffered so much from overwork that I
have sometimes felt that it imposed upon her
a burden which she ought not to have been
permitted to assume.  I constructed a
sort of ambulance by a canvass ticking
stretched upon a pair of wheels, and was
in daily habit of wheeling my mother to the 
top of Wacobske Cliff, where she would be
for hours enjoying the Sea breeze and the glorious view.


189
During one of these early years in New Jersey, probably in
1860 only, John and Portia Gage spent some
days with us in Orange.  They were looking
for a home and wished to secure a considerable
tract of land for development as a progressive
town by reformatory people.  They finally went
to Vineland N.J. where they and their sons
soon became active and leading citizens.  After
[*W S Conventions N.J.*]
the war, probably about 1865 to 1867 woman suffrage
conventions were held by us in Vineland, Hammoritin,
Bridgeton, Newark, Rahway, Princeton, New
Brunswick, &e, and a New Jersey State Woman
Suffrage Association was formed. In February
1867 Lucy addressed a petition to the Legislature
then in session at Trenton asking for a
hearing, which was granted and on March 6
1867 she addressed the Legislature in an
admirable speech, which made a deep impression
& awakened general newspaper comment throughout
the state.  This speech many years later was printed
in pamphlet form in Boston.  It called renewed
attention to the fact that women in New Jersey from 1776
to 1807 were voters on the same qualification (?50] as men
& were unconditionally disfranchised by the Legislature, which
also unconstitutionally set aside the property qualifications for  men
& limited suffrage to white men-- During the six years we
lived in Roseville we kept an active woman suffrage
agitation with headquarters in Newark & auxiliary190


191

auxiliary societies in Orange, Vineland, Hammondton, [and]
Bridgeton &c
Soon after my wifes address at Trenton, we went 
together to Kansas where we spent April and May 1867
to help organize a campaign to eliminate from its 
State Constitution the words "white" and "male." Our 
daughter Alice, during our absence,  was left with my 
sister Dr Elizabeth, at the Infirmary on 2 Avenue 
New York. I gave up my position with Dennis Harris 
to go with my wife. I had 'ere this, converted most of 
my western lands into New Jersey properties, which I 
sold at advanced prices in greenback and invested the 
proceeds in government bonds. The close of the war 
and gradual return to a peace basis left me with 
a moderate competence.

The Kansas campaign was very laborious, but very
 interesting. We went directly to the home of Gov Charles 
Robinson, a connection of Lucy's -- her brother Rev Wm B. Stone, 
who carried on the homestead farm on Coy's Hill, had 
married successively two sisters of the Gov, & the 3d sister 
resided with Mr. Stone's Family. In the same house
also lived Mrs Jane Robinson, widow of Charles Robinson, 
brother Cyrus, & her two daughters. Gov. Robinson & his wife
welcomed us hospitably and he cooperated heartily 
with us. Sam N. Wood a prominent politician joined
us there.  A convention was called to meet in Topeka 
to strike out the words white and male. Lucy and I
and organize in behalf of the [three] two Amendments
to strike out the words white & male.  Lucy & I192


193

[*Kansas Campaign*]
took part in it.  An Impartial Suffrage Association
was organized with an influential list of
officers.  Gov Robinson lent us a team.  S. N.
Wood accompanied us.  We held over 40 meetings
at as many county seats, visiting almost every 
county then organized.  Unfortunately  the Republicans
who were almost the entire population had
been divided into two factions — one headed by "Tem
Lane," formerly an Indiana proslavery democrat, the
other led by Gov Robinson.  Lanes faction had triumphed
and controlled the "machine".  Lane had died, but
the bitterness of the division remained.  Unfortunately
Robinson and Wood were unpopular and their opponents
saw an opportunity of assailing them.  Soon after we
left Kansas in the early summer, an anti-woman
suffrage (assn) was formed.  Had the vote been taken
June 1 when Lucy's course of meetings ended, I
have always believed that both amendments would
have carried.  But the opponents of woman suffrage
organized.   Rev  Olympia Brown & Bessie Bisbee
continued the work.  Later Mrs Stanton and Miss
Anthony followed.  Unfortunately they brought
in a half-crazy pro-slavery mountebank George
Francis Train, who was a large owner of lots in
Omaha and interested in the Union Pacific Rway
then controlled by Mr Durant.  Train's alliance
intensified Republican jealousy & alienated many of the
antislavery free state men, while he did not succeed[*194*]


[*195*]

[*Train's work in Kansas*]
in enlisting the active support of the Southern or
democratic element.  His wild copperhead
utterances aided the anti-suffrage combination
headed by Eskridge, Plumb, Martin &c.  The
negroes, fearful that the woman suffrage question
would defeat negro suffrage, were opposed.  The 
Germans and the saloon element were hostile.
Unable to poll a united Republican vote as
we had hoped and expected, we were defeated, &
so was negro suffrage, both amendments receiving 
less than 10000 votes out of a total of
30000 each
[*HBB's 2nd visit to Kansas*]
Being very anxious as to the result, I went
a second time alone to Kansas in September,
making my headquarters at Lawrence, and thence
mailing great quantities of suffrage literature
all over the state under the franks of US Senators
Pomeroy & Ross.  Just before election, I visited
several Democratic precincts in Leavenworth Co,
carrying with me letters from leading Kansas
democrats and succeeded thereby in getting
several hundred votes which were cast against the
negro suffrage amendment.  Strange to say, the word
'male' was supported by almost as large a vote as the
word "white," the difference being only a few hundreds.
Miss Anthony also made her headquarters in Lawrence, boarding
with Rev Mr & Mrs Stairett, while Gov Robinson & Mrs Stanton
made a tour of meetings together.197

[* Publication of "The Revolution"*]
Soon after my return home, we learned through the
newspapers that Train and Mrs Stanton and Miss Anthony 
were making a tour of meetings together at the 
principal cities of the country preparatory to 
a union in the publication of a weekly woman 
suffrage newspaper in New York City entitled
"The Revolution" for which Train promised to 
supply the capital.   So soon after the 
war, an alliance with a pro-slavery democrat 
was extremely shocking to the friends of woman 
suffrage, almost half of whom were abolitionists. 
Repeated meetings of the executive committee 
of the Equal Rights Association in New York protested, but were
disregarded. The breach was widened by the
fact that Miss Anthony, while in Kansas, had
incurred a large debt, which she wished the Equal [Suffrage] Rights
Association to assume.   On her return to N.Y.
Miss Anthony created additional ill-feeling by
her very peremptory and dictatorial speech 
and action.   The Brooklyn Equal Rights Association 
sided with us, as did the friends in New Jersey,
while the New York members were disposed to 
sustain Mrs Stanton and Miss Anthony. 
Mr. Tilton [however] tried to conciliate both sides, 
but practically stood by the Revolution Movement.
The defeat of negro suffrage in Kansas and 
the failure of the Republicans to carry a single State 
east or west for the elimination of the word "white"199

[*15th Amendment*]
from the Suffrage clauses of their constitutions and the
controversy with President Johnson, forced the
Republican leaders to submit a Fifteenth Amendment,
and with infinite difficulty its ratification by
3/4 ths of the State Legislatures was obtained—
in one case a State election having to be carried
in order to reverse a previous negative vote of its
former legislature.  Meanwhile the Revolution
newspaper was issued, with its headquarters
on 14th St New York, and the breach became
complete.  Parker Pillsbury was later secured
as assistant editor. 
[*Am E Rts Assn last meeting*] 
In May 1869 the
American Equal Rights Association held its last
public meetings in New York and Brooklyn.  Mrs.
Tilton was elected president in the vain hope
of thereby conciliating Theodore Tilton, then
editor of the Independent, who aspired himself
to be  the leader of the [womans] movement.
A board was drawn including both parties,
but with a decided majority of anti Train  
members. 
[*National W.S. Assn organized*]
Finding themselves unable to
control the management of the Equal Rights Assn,
at the close of the Convention a meeting was
hastily called without public notice, at the
office of the Revolution newspaper; the same evening,
a board of officers was elected [to form a constitution] with power to fill vacancies,
and a committee appointed to draft a constitution
and a so-called "National" Woman Suffrage Association200

201

Association started with Miss Stanton as its president
and Miss Anthony as the chairman of its
executive committee.
Of course this made future union impossible.
Not wishing to set up two conflicting organizations
in New York city, and the colored
men being already enfranchised by the
adoption of the 15th Amendment, the Am
Equal Rights Association never held another
public meeting.
 The establishment of the Revolution newspaper
in New York intensified the preference which
Lucy Stone had always felt for her N.E.
friends and associations.  There was no longer
any business necessity for our remaining
near New York.  In the spring of 1869 I made a
visit to Florida.  On my return my wife,
my daughter & myself spent the early summer
with the family of Dr. Rogers in Pomfret
Ct; thence we went to Kennebunkport 
where we joined our friends the Spoffords.
and I made with my sister Emily and brother
George an excursion to Mt Desert.  These now
fashionable watering places were then little
frequented and the N E coast was still largely
unoccupied and in the hands of the
original farming population.
From the coast of Maine we came to Boston.202

[During] where for a time we occupied a
room at No 3 Fremont place above
the rooms of the N E Women's Club.
But in the fall of 1869 I sold our
Roseville house and bought from
Mr Carter the property which was our
home for the following 24 years & which
is still the home of my daughter & myself.
We took possession Jan 1. 1870, and have
lived in it ever since.
The summer of 1869 was to my wife
a period of great and engrossing activity.
Feeling that the woman suffrage cause needed
an organization representative of all localities
and based on delegates chosen by
local and State Societies, and that a
mere mass-meeting held annually in
Washington, or anywhere else, was not in
any wide sense representative, & that State
action and work were primary, while a
16th Amendment was for the time being a
secondary issue, my wife instituted a
correspondence with suffragists all over the
country and secured their signatures to a
call for a convention in Cleveland O
in Oct. 1869 which resulted in the formation
of the American Woman Suffrage Association
with Henry Ward Beecher as its first


203204

president and Lucy Stone as chairman of
its executive committee.  Then, as
always, Lucy sought the place of work
leaving others the position of official
dignity.
[*w Journal*]
From this time forward,
Boston became Lucy's centre.  On her
return from Cleveland she devoted
herself to securing capital for a weekly
newspaper which  should be the chronicle
and representative of the American woman
suffrage movement.  Personally she visited &
corresponded with friends and secured a paid-up
capital of $10000, which was represented
by 200 shares of $50 each.  Mrs Livermore
was secured as its editor at a salary of 
$1500.  T.W. Higginson as a weekly contributor
at a salary of $600.  On Jan 1 1870, the 
first number appeared and it has appeared 
promptly on time every Saturday since for
more than 28 years.
With the publication of a weekly newspaper
has come a circle of cares and duties more 
and more onerous.  I recall the previous 
years as ones of comparative freedom from
newspaper routine.  While summering in 
Kennebunkport I recall a characteristic occurrence
when my little daughter, and myself, went down to
the rocky shore to bathe and my wife went with us.

205206

It so happened that the water was extremely cold.
My daughter & I  no sooner entered the water than we
left it again and ran for our clothes.  This
struck my wife as extremely pusillanimous, so
she in turn wen in with the intention of administering
to us a quiet, practical rebuke. But no
sooner did she feel the sting of that ice-cold
water than she too came hastily out with a
cheerful recognition that discretion was the
better part of valor.  During our stay on the 
Maine coast we made several pleasant excursions
as far as Cape Porpoise and the mouth of the Saco
river by row boat, &c.  On our return to Boston we hired
a carriage and drove down the coast to Portsmouth
climbing Mount Agammenticus, visiting "Ground-Nut 
Hill" and the rocky cliffs of Ogunquit.  On
reaching Boston we took our meals at
Marston's and made the Woman's Journal
office our headquarters, while we looked for a
permanent home.  Bu this did not suit my
wife's domestic tastes & it was a happy change when,
by a double change of properties, we secured
our present lovely home (ours alas! no longer) on
Pope's Hill.  Here again, as on many occasions
before, my own business judgment was supplemented
and reinforced by the tact and judgment of my
wife.  The trade had been agreed upon but was
abandoned owing to a difference of views in regard


208

to the value of some gas fixtures.  Neither Mr
Carter nor I would yield.  Then my wife
quietly stepped in, poured oil on the
troubled waters, brought about a
 compromise.
[*Am. W. S Asnn*]
The American Woman Suffrage Association
was a practical alliance of the great body of
suffragists of the Eastern, middle, and western
states, in protest against the Train alliance 
and the Revolution newspaper.  Its leading
representative among women were Lucy Stone of
New Jersey, Mrs Julia Ward Howe of Boston,
and Mrs Mary A Livermore of Chicago.   The
latter was the editor of a Chicago woman
suffrage paper called the "Agitator" with a
circulation of around 800. This Mrs Livermore
merged in the Woman's Journal, when she & her
husband came to Boston after the Cleveland
Convention of Nov 1869.  Mrs Livermore, nee
Mary Ashton, was a Boston girl, brought up a Baptist,
her father being a sturdy and influential member
of that then unpopular denomination.  In May we had
the support of almost all the abolitionists (with the exception
of Edmund Quincy & James Russell Lowell) the Garrisons,
Phillips, Sewalls, Bowditekes, Jacksons, Mays (Abby W. 
& Sam) Leverances Miss Isa Gray Mrs Sarah S[?] Russell,
the Churches and Campbells of Springfield
June Whitney, the Chaneys, the Howlands and Fosters of Worcester
allens davises and Waltons of West Newton,
the Aldriches of Fall River, &c  Freeman Clarkes and
Sargents and John Weiss and R W Emerson207
It so happened th

209210

In Maine we had John Neal and the Pickards 
and Mrs Dennett of Portland and the Quimbys of Augusta, 
in New Hampshire the Whites of Concord 
and the Worcesters of Nashua, in Vermont 
Congressman CW. Willard of St Johnsbury and the Hutchinsons of W. Randolph 
and Reeds of Montpelier and Clarks of St. Albans, Weeks of Rutland, &c 
in Rhode Island the Chaces Mrs Elisabeth K Churchill and Aldriches & Burleighs 
in Connecticut the Burrs and later the 
Stones and Hookers and Sheldons, 
in New York Mrs Anna C. Field Mrs Celia Burleigh. 
Mr & Mrs. George William Curtis, the Shaws 
and the majority of Henry Ward Beecher's society 
besides Lydia Mott of Albany, Samuel J May and Mr Mills of Syracuse
C
in New Jersey Frances D Gage and and the Gages of Vineland, Oberlin Smith 
of Bridgeton, Mrs A J Davis, of [?] 
Rowland Johnson, the Fields and Gremkes [of]
[and] Marcus Spring & wife, Mrs R C Browning 
Isaac [?] & wife of Trenton, Antonette Brown 
Blackwell &c in Pennsylvania Mary Grew, Passmore Hall and on
the Hildmans, the Pearces, [&c of P] the Motts
and Davises, the Peincocks & Coxes of
Kennett Square, Dr. Hiram Corson, Eliza Sproat Turner of
Chadd's Ford, the Hindman sisters of Pittsburg
in Delaware Thomas Garret Dr. John Cameron, the Perseys,
Forbes, &c., in Ohio the Donaldsons, Colemans,
Coles & Ernsts, Harwoods, Rylands, Robinsons, Griffings, &c
in Indiana the McKayes, Thomases, Boyds, Hamiltons,

Amanda Way &c
in Illinois the Bradwells, Waites, Mrs. Tracy Cutter Boyntons, Earles
in Missouri the Hazards, Yeatmans, Allens, & 
Eliots
in Wisconsin the Hoyts, Lillie Peckham, the 
Delaplaines
[*supporter AWSA*]
in Kentucky the Clays, Dietricks, Mrs. Eugenia
Farmer, and Mrs. Avery.
in Kansas the Robinsons, Woods, Larimers,
Moonlight, the Ritchies, Hudsons [Anthonys]. &c
in Michigan Mrs. Sibyl Lawrence of Ann Arbor, the
Stebbnises of Detroit, the Stones of Kalamazoo,
in Iowa the Coggeshalls, Callanaus, Hunters,
Irish, &c.
At first it was intended to hold an annual convention
alternately in Washington and at some important
city east or west. But in order to avoid the
appearance of conflict, Washington being the
place of meeting of Mrs Stanton's & Miss Anthony's 
society which at first ignored State action and
limited itself to a demand for a 16th Amendment to
the federal constitution. The American WS.A., on
the contrary, being composed of delegates annually
elected by auxiliary State Societies made its
demand for amendments of both Federal & State
constitutions & laid special emphasis on State
work.