-Wm. Oland Bourne Left-handed Penmanship Contest Box 1 Folder 6 Series I : (8-12) Let us give thanks. Let us give thanks, with grateful soul, To Him that sendeth all; To Him who bids the planets rolls And see's a "sparrow fall." Though grief and tears may dim our joys, And cares and strife arrest, 'Tis man, so often, that alloys The lot his Maker's blest: While sunshine lights the boundrys sky, And dew drops feed the sod - While stars and rainbows live on high - Let us give thanks to God. We till the earth in labor's health, We plant the acorn cup; The fields are crowned with golden wealth, The green tree springeth up; The sweet, eternal waters gush From mountain and from vale; The vineyards blush with purple flush, The yellow hop leaves trail; And while the Harvest flings its gold, And cowslips deck the sod-- While limpid streams are clear and cold, Let us give thanks to God. The flower yields its odor breath, As gentle winds go past The grap-hopper that lurks beneath Chirps merrily and fast; The ring-dove coos upon the spray. The lark full anthems The bees start with a jocund lays The waves sing on the shore; Hosannahs fill the wood and wild, Where human step ne'er trod; And nature like an unweaned child, Smiles on its parent God. Say, Brothers, shall the bird and bloom Thus teach, and teach in vain? Shall all the love-rys that illume Be lost in clouds of pain? Shall hearts be dead and vision blind To all that mercy deals? Shall soul and reason fail to find The shrine where instinct kneels? Ah, no! While glory lights the sky, And beauty paints the sod- While stars and rainbows live on high, Let us give thanks to God. May Christians become Soldiers? Shall Christian young men enlist in our armies? Most certainly. There are good reasons why we desire and earnestly solicit their active cooperation in the present struggle. A positive Christian influence will be needed in our camps. Amid the demoralizing tendencies of a soldiers life, we need a preserving, purifying agency. In the spiritual darkness, we need a burning, shining light. In the confusion and distress of warfare, we need a sustaining strength and comfort. Christian young men ye are the salt of the earth, the light of the world, witnesses for God. Go and carry with you your Bible, with its holy teachings; your God, with his light, love, and blessing. Christian Soldiers will war intelligently. The struggle to which we are called is not one of ambition, of political aspiration, of sectional pride. No; it is a holy war; a defense of sacred law and just-government; a crusade against oppression and black injustice, in behalf of the weak and downtrodden. Those who understand their mission will fight valiantly yet not fiercely; earnestly, yet calmly; invincibly but not vindictively. Knowing that their cause is God's, they will be sure of success; and with a simple, childlike reliance on a Father's Arm, they will go forward, lifted by their holy faith far above all the disquietude and fear, and thus will prove self-possessed, heroic, efficient- soldiers. Christian Soldiers know how to pray. They have a secret, mysterious power which others can not comprehend. They hold the arm of God, and can turn it for their own success, The source of true wisdom is open to them, and form the Exhustless fountain they may draw daily supplies. They have an impenetrable armor for "the Lord is their shield and buckler." Who can vanquish an army of Christian soldiers honestly contending for truth and right? Who? "If God be for us, who can be against us?" Christians know how to triumph. They can conquer, and not boast of their own prowess, or taunt the fallen foe; but humbly, gratefully, devoutly say, "Not unto us, not unto us, O Lord, but unto thy name be all the glory." They can vanquish and not hate, despise, or take revenge on the vanquished. They can gain their cause and forgetting the offense, can turn again to show mercy to the offender, binding up his wounds, repairing his losses, and replacing him on a true basis in prosperity and peace. Christain soldiers know how to die. If the valley of the shadow of death lies in their path, they will walk through it with a firm, courageous step, singing the song of the Psalmist, "I will fear no evil; for thou, O God, art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me." Instant death will be the sudden opening of the gates of glory, and angels shall chant the strains of victory as they lead the conqueror through the golden streets of his eternal coronation. Go then, Christain young men, enlist under the banner of your country. Sanctify the camp, consecrate the battle field, ennoble warfare, light up the grave, achieve a victory for the cause of God. "To them who, by patient continuance in well doing, seek for glory, honor and immortality," God shall give "eternal life." "Stand up! - Stand up for Jesus! Ye soldiers of the Cross; Lift high his royal banner; It must not suffer loss; From victory unto victory This army he shall lead, Till every foe is vanquished, And Christ is Lord indeed!" Mr. Wm Oland Bourne.. Editor of the Soldiers Friend. Sir I hereby submitt this my specimen of left-hand penmanship. for ex-amination. I having lost my right arm in the battle of Gaines Hill, Va on the 27th day of June A.D. 1862. This specimen is forwarded to you in accordance with an advertisement that I happened to see in the Detroit Advertiser and Tribune. headed "Premium to disabled Veterans" For the best specimen of left-hand penmanship....$200.00 For the 2nd best specimen.....$150.00 for the 3rd best specimen....$100.00 No 8 August 18, 1865 for the 4th best specimen $50.00 therefore I thought I would send a specimen although I am not much skilled in the practice of the pen I submit this.. Dated at Maple Grove County of Saginaw and State of Michigan on this 5th day of August. A.D. 1865.. Yours Very Respectfully John Northwood late a member of Co "C" 16th Regt of Michigan Infantry.. Post Office Address Flushing Genesee. Co. Mich A Sketch of the service rendered by John Northwood at the Battle of Gaines Mills fought on the 27th day of June A.D. 1862.. I enlisted into the service of the United States on the 9th day of August 1861. as a private, in Company "C" of the 16th Regiment of Michigan, Volunteer, Infantry. and was with my Regiment passing through the Seige of Yorktown Va. and the Engagement of Hanover Court House which was fought on the 27th day of May. 1862. The remainder of the time was spent in Camp. Picket. and fatigue duty, untill the 26th day of June 1862 when being Encamped upon the farm of Dr Gaines (a noted rebel) we were - ordered to old Cole Harbor at which place we stayed untill about sunset - when there being heavy firing of the right of us. towards Mechanicsville to which place we were then ordered to go, we marched untill about 10 oclock P.M. - when a halt was ordered for the night we resting upon our arms untill daylight the next morning (June 27th) when we commenced to retrace our steps. Artillary Infantry and Cavalary and in fact every thing connected with the army seemed to be upon the backward track, we then marched untill we arrived in the rear of Dr Gaines's house about half a mile from our former camp ground when we halted upon the side of a hill with a deep ravine immediately in our front, that portion of the army that had fought the day previous at Mechanicsville passing on and crossing the Chickahominy leaving us in the front (the 5th Army Corps) there we laid all day sometimes a stray shell or minie went over us but doing no damages, when at about 3 oclock P.M. we were ordered to pile up our knapsacks and move forward to the brink of the ravine. we held the ground through - several attempts of the Enemy to rout us, when about an hour before sunset, it became evident that the Enemy had flanked us upon the right and slowly our lines gave way and retreated across the flats of the - Chickahominy, when the Enemy had gained our position they poured in all the fire they could muster, at our retreating forces, many a brave soldier I saw fall in retreating across those flats when about half way across there is a ditch grown full of briers and brush. there we took refuge for a moment. when the Major of our Regiment (Norval E. Welch) rallied our colors and a few of our Regiment attempted to get into line and then we (about 200 men) advanced recrossing the ditch. I had not proceeded far when I saw some of our Company laying dead. and some wounded. it was a hard sight to see those we had so recently associated with stricken down in a moment. I helped one into the ditch I have spoken of, and started another with his leg badly shattered upon a couple of muskets which served for crutches and then started upon double quick and caught up with my company all the time amidst a galling fire from the Enemy, but still we ad-vanced to within about fifteen rods of the Enemy when we halted and Exchanged fires I dis-charged three rounds from my musket and was - putting down the fourth when our boys began to fall back. I fell upon one knee to finish loading and was in the act of dis-chargeing my piece, when I was slightly shot in my left arm and. at the same time in my right tearing the Elbow joint completely out. I then made the best of my way to the rear, but to find the bridges of the Chickahominy tore up and the stream much swollen from the recent rains, but I crossed by wading up to my breast in water, there our picket line was established, and I dropped down -- Exhausted, when after a time some of my Company found me, and we found shelter untill morning. I soon saw from the appearance of - things that every man was for himself I succeeded with great difficulty to gain my feet as my whole body had become much stiffened especially my shoulders. I then walked to Savage Station (the distance I dont know) in hopes of getting North but I was doomed to dis-appointment. the Enemy having cut off communication with the White House and I not being able to travel with the army. I concluded to have my arm ex-amined for the first time since being wounded -- (it being about 6 oclock P.M. June 27th) it was soon decided that my right arm would have to come off. there I remained untill the morning of the 30th June when I with many others fell into the hands of the Enemy, and was removed to Richmond Va on the 13th July and was finally released on the 22nd July arriving at City Point the same day, and from thence on the flag of truce boat we went to -- Philadelphia, Pa. when on the 18th day of August, 1862 I received my discharge from the Service of the United States much against my wishes although I knew I could be of no service in the field and not wishing to encumber the government unless I could go into the field, I started for home and have been getting my living for myself and family by one armed farming although rather hard business for a one armed man yet it is honest. I could Entertain you for a great while as every soldier can that has been in active service but I draw this narrative to a close remaining Ever true to the Union and the Constitution. John Northwood Late a member of Co 'C' 16th Regt. Mich. Inft Maple Grove, Saginaw Co Michigan December 22nd 1865 Mr. Wm Oland Bourne Dr Sir, I herewith forward you my specimen of lefthand penmanship. I have taken no extra pains to perform it. but you have a fair specimen of my common style of writing. I am a working man, chopping, doing chores, drawing wood &c is my Every day Employment therefore I dont Expect that I can make as-- smoth and pretty writing as one that does not have to perform such labour. I have not written this with the Expectation of gaining Either of the premiums offered but as there seems to be an intrest taken and Encouragement given to our class of unfortunates. I thought I would try and Compete for the premium as I am not over burdened with riches, if I should be fortunate Enough to get even the premium offered for the fourth test specimen it would help me amazingly. As our pension $8.00 Per month dont help much these dear times. I now close remaining Yours with respect. John Northwood. Post Office address. Elk. Genesce, Co. Mich Wm Oland Bourn. Sir You requested a Copy of my Photagraph . I have to say that I have no copy by me. neither am I able to get one but if I should get some money shortly I will get some and send you a copy John Northwood A Sketch in my Life We were in front of Petersburg; our 2" Brigade, 2", Division, 18". A. C. were resting at the left of the Petersburg and City Point. R.R. in a kind of valley, almost out of harms way, it was our turn that night to relieve some other brigade in the trenches; but it must have been about 6 P.M. "our time for relieving being 9 P.M., "when a terrible explosion occurred" to the left of where we lay, and in front of what is now called "Fort Steadman"; immediately after could be heard the well know - hie, hie, hie, of the rebs, about to charge our works, commingled with this was the report of thousands of rifles, the deadly whizzing, and whir-rr-r of hundreds of shells at the same moment and without any warning to the "Johnnies", our men "war ready" poured in a terrible fire of shell, grape and canister shot, as also a deadly fire of musketry, which sent the "Johnnies," reeling, stagering back to a safer place their "gopher holes". During all the time, every thing was in the wildest confusion at the rear: every man knowing his duty; jumped to his place; and with his gun and equipment, was only waiting the command - "forward". it was soon given, and we were marching up under a deadly fire of shot and shell,we had just reached the boon of the hill, and in rear of the Fort, when Col Steadman of our regiment, "then acting brigadier and command of the brigade", while urging the men forward fell mortally wounded, inside the Fort; almost at the same moment a shell from the Rebel "Fort Clifton", across the appamatox River, busting in the regiment Lieut. Col. Meogling was wounded slightly on the heel, and I was wounded "with a piece of the same shell" in the right shoulder; which has probably disabled my right arm for life: I was taken to Point Rocks Hospital, where I remained only three days, when I was transfered to U.S. General Hospital Hampton Va. "Of My Battles." I enlisted Dec. 2" 1861, in Co. "H" 11" C. V. I; and was engaged under Gnl. Burnside, in the battles of 14". March 1862, at Newbern N. C. Sept. 12", Frederick Md, Sept. 18", South Mountain, Sept. 16th; Antietam, and Sharpsburg, Dec. 11", Fredericksburg; and from about Apl 1", to May 12" 1863, at the Siege of Suffolk Va. [*No 9 August 21 1865*] Under Genl. Grant. In the battles of May 9th, 1864, at Swift Creek, near Petersburg Va, May 16". Drurys Bluff, near Fort Darling, June 2", Coal Harbor, near Gaines farm, June 14". in trenches in front of Petersburg Va, untill July 30". forty six days; when the battle of Grant's mine occurred; Aug. 5". 1884, Battle of Rebel mine, where I was wounded, and afterwards in Hospital, until I received my final Discharge July. 15", 1865. I done the duty of a Sergant, in my regiment, in the last year and a half I was with it" they are now at Christiansburg Va", and now after almost four years, of arduous service, I am once more in civil life. Very Respectfully, Your Obdt. Servt Wm. H. Bottom. Norwich Conn. Aug. 5, 1865 Norwich Aug. 5th, 1865. "Editor of Soldiers Friend" Dear Sir: I saw some time since a piece in the "Norwich Bulletian"; - headed a "Novel Premium", and as I am among the disabled soldiers spoken of, and have just returned home after an absance of almost four years, I have made an effort for one of the Prizes. I have not learned a business hand as yet, but I send a specimen in a "Sketch in my Life" of a fine hand. Hopeing it may meet with approval of the "committee of awards" I remain - Very Respectfully, Your Obdt. Servt. Wm H Bottom. A Reminiscence of the War. I enlisted in Co "H" 11th. Regt. Dec 1". 1861. the regiment was then in command of Col. Kingsbury; and the Company by Capt Daniels. Leaving Hartford, where we were encamped Dec 17". we stoped at Annapolis Md. where we had my first real camping out, drilling, guardmounting &c, preparatory to our embarking in the famous Burnside Expedition. Jan 7". 1862. Burnsides Fleet lay at anchor in the bay opposite the city, that same day our Regt. embarked aboard the Gunboat Sentinel, and bark Voltiger, and the 9" Jan. the whole fleet were in motion, bound for Hatteras Inlet. After a perilous voyage, and encountering all kinds of weather, we were anchored at last in the Hatteras Inlet. Jan 13", here we were tossed about by a rough sea, until Jan 29", when we were landed on the Island. We encamped here until Feb 26", when we were again on the move, marching aboard the Steamer Pawtuxent; we were transfered to the splendid Steamer Eastern Queen. After sailing up Pamlico sound, Mch 2", found us at Roanoke - Island. At this place we had a beautifull camp of pines, but we did not stay here long to enjoy it, Mch 6". our Regt. seemingly always on the move, embarked again; this time on the schooner Eva Bella, and steamer Louisiana, bound no one knew where, until Mch 13". we came to anchor in the Neuse River, at Slocums Creek, 16 miles from Newbern, N.C. the next day; the 14'' Mch. we were engaged in the livly battle of Newbern, gaining a glorious victory. over the Rebels, driving them to Goldsborough Encamping on the Banks of the Trent River, we commenced to recruit, for our next march, which did not happen untill July 2", when we embarked aboard the Steamer Allison, sailing a short distance down the river we came to anchor, untill the 4" July, when we were recalled again to the City. re-embarking we went back in our old camp, but we were hardly their before orders were given to cook rations and be in rediness for another stint, the 6" inst found us aboard the same steamer bound as we supposed for Richmond. Stopping near Elizabeth City, July 7". we were transfered to four schooners, and taken in tow by the small Steamer Emily. July 9". we were at anchor in Norfolk harbor, landing at Norfolk Fort. we stoped long enough to wait for transport; July 11". orders were given to embark aboard aboard the Steamer Cossack, for Newport News. where Burnsides 9" Army Corps, were encamped. Here by fresh arrivals their was soon a camp of 20,000 men, Sunday Aug 3". pitched tents about midnight and embarked aboard the Steamer Balloon , bound for Acquia Creek. Aug 5" landed at the creek on the Potomac River, and taking the cars, we stop at Falmouth, marching to opposite Fredericksburg we encamped on the banks of the Rappahanock River. Aug 12" marched into the City for patrol duty; untill last day Aug. when- our Regt. burning the public warehouses bridges &c. commenced on midnight march to Aquia Creek, where we arrived again Sept 3: burning a lot of commissary and quartermaster goods. we took steamer Niagria for Alexandria, arriving then the night of Sept 8: we encamped until next day when we started on our march to Washington. Sept 9th: Started on our march through Maryland. Sept 12th, had a skirmish with the Rebs in Frederick City, driving them out of the City, and capturing five hundred prisoners. Sept 7th took seven prisoners in a skirmish at Middletown. Sept 15th, was in the Battle of South Mountain. Sept 17th; in the terrible battle of Antietam, where our Regt lost one hundred and ninety six in killed and wounded. Sept. 18th, was drawn up in line of battle, but the Rebels being on the retreat and showing no fight, we encamped near Antietam Village; stopping here untill Oct 7th, we were once more on the march again over the Blue Ridge mountains, this time encamping in Pleasant Valley, about two miles from Harpers Ferry. we had a very if good camp here but poor shelter. Oct 28th, found us on the march with Burnside at our head, passing through Knoxville and crossing the Potomac River at Berlin, we were once more on Virginia soil again, then came heavy and tedious marches along the Blueridge mountains passing through the pleasant villages of Wheatland, Union, Snickersville, Goose Creek, Reckterton, Oreleans, Waterloo, Warrington &c, we at last came in sight of Federicksburg again, not the City of a year ago. but now completely filled with rebels, and rebel rifle works. Encamping Nov 19" opposite the City after a march of about 150 miles, through Virginia; we reunited again preparatory to another battle with the rebels. Dec 11". engaged the enemy in the terrible battle of Fredericksburg, afterwards encamped in old camp, until Feb. 6", 1863. when orders were again given to pack up; taking the cars for Acquia Creek our Regt. was then put aboard a transport again, this time the Sylvia Shore, bound for Newport News. Here we were quartered in barracks, and our time was almost was almost wholly occupied in drilling, perfecting ourselves in the manuel of arms, doing patrol duty &c, untill Mrch 13"; when we were again on the move; taking the Steamer James F. Freeborn we landed at Norfolk, where we took the cars for Suffolk, arriving there Mch 14", just a year from the Battle of Newbern N.C. Our regiment were on patrol a picket duty here. untill April 12" when skirmishing commenced in earnest, and continued untill the livly battle of the Nansamond. May 3", when the reb's tired of banging away at our Fort's and batteries, in and around Suffolk. retreated to the Blackwater River. June 20". marched under heavy marching orders to nearest railroad station, that night we were in Portsmouth, encamping in the woods about three Miles from the City, we stoped long enough to cook rations, starting June 2d, light marching orders, taking the Steamer Columbia, we were transported to Yorktown Va. then commenced our march through Virginia on what was called the Blackberry raid. Marching through Williamsburg, Slatersville, New Kent Court-house, we encamped for a short time at the White House, on the Pamunkey River, commenced our march again July 1 for Hanover Court House, passing through the village of Lanesville, King William courthouse, Brandywine &c. we arrived at Taylors plantation July 2d the next day our Regiment were on picket duty, while the other forces were fighting at Hanover Junction. July 5, Sunday commenced our re-march; marching almost day and night we arrived back in our old camp at Portsmouth July 14th. after having marched about two-hundred-and-twenty-five miles, through the enemys -- country. Changing camp several times, building forts and formidable breastworks, occupied our time untill October 3d, when we had orders to pack up again, taking the cars near the camp, we were soon in Portsmouth, to patrol the city; there being a misunderstanding between our Regt. and the 148th N Y Regiment we had a second order to march, taking the Steamer John A. Warner, at midnight we landed at Gloucester Point on the York River. Our Regiment here took part in an expedition up the Rappahanock River, where a lot of Rebel stores were captured or destroyed: after having a skirmish with the Rebs, at this place, all was quiet again untill the month of Dec. - when re-enlistments were commenced in the Regiment. Pre-enlisted January 1, 1864, going home with the Regt. June 11th on a veteran furlough. Returning from our veteran furlough our Regt. then under command Col. Mauglin, or transferred back to Yorktown Va. March 1, 1864, marching to Williamsburg, Va. we encamped near the town, preparatory to a new campaign. After recruiting the Regt. with new recruits, conscripts &c. our Regt. then in the glorious 18th Army Corps started March 4th to win new laurels in this field, joining Gen. Butler’s fleet at Grove landing, on the James River we were soon on our way up the north James, landing the 6th inst. at City Point, we encamped for the night. The next day the 7th May, we started light marching orders for the battlefield, before night we had skirmishes with the enemy which continued until May 9th when our Regt. were engaged in the Battle of "Swift Creek," after this there was heavy skirmishing with the enemy untill May 16th, when our troops were repulsed in the Battle of "Drurys Bluff" the loss in our Regt. being about three-hundred in killed, wounded and taken prisoners. after the battle we retreated about eight miles to the rear throwing up formidable works, near the Appomattox River. We had no engagement here except some slight skirmishes with the enemy until May 26; when a reconnaissance was made in the force, to feel the enemy, after a lively skirmish our troops fell back again in their works having accomplished their object. May 28". were on the march again, crossing the Appamatox, we marched eight miles to City Point, taking transport Berding Sunday, May 29"; we arrived at the White House landing the 30 inst. embarking, we commenced our march again the next day with the motto: "on to Richmond." after a very tiresome march of about twenty-miles, on one of the warmest days in May, and over a dusty road, we finally came upon the enemy near Coal Harbor, the night of June 1". when fighting commenced in earnest, The 3 inst. our Regt. were engaged in the terrible battle of "Coal" Harbor; after this we or rather our Regt. were in all the Battles & skirmishes being in the front line of works untill June 12". when we slowly and silently marched to rear, untill we arrived at the White House again. Here we reembarked, bound for Bermuda Hundred, landing there about midnight, the night of June 14", we made an immediate advance on the enemy in front of Petersburg. crossing the Appamatox, we had skirmishes with the enemy untill the, 18" inst, when our Brigade made a charge on the right of the Appamatox River, and were terribly cut up - after this I lay in the trenches for forty six days - being engaged in all the skirmishes, and in the Battle of "Grants Mine", July 31" untill Aug 5" when I was wounded in the charge on Fort Steadman, explained in the "Sketch of my Life" I could write volumes on this subject, but the number of pages required are already filled and all I can say is farewell to a "Soldiers Life." Wm. H. Bottom. Norwich Ct. [*No 9.*] [*1*] A Reminiscence of the War. I enlisted in Company "H" 11th Regiment, December 1861. The regiment was then in command of Colonel Kingsbury; and the Company by Capt. Daniels. Leaving Hartford, where we were encamped Dec 17th, we stopped at Annapolis, Md; were we had our first, real camping out, drilling, guard mounting etc. etc. preparatory to our embarking in the famous Burnside Expedition, June 7th, 1862; Burnside's Fleet lay at anchor in the bay opposite the city; that same day our regiment embarked aboard the gunboat "Sentinel" and Van R. Voltiger, and the 9th January the whole fleet were in motion, bound for Hatteras Inlet. After a perilous voyage, and encountering all kinds of weather, we were anchored at last inside Hatteras Inlet. January 13th; Here we were tossed about by a rough sea, until Jany, the 29th; when we were landed on the Island. We encamped here until Feb. 26th, when we were again on the move, marching aboard the steamer Pantukent, we were transfered to the splendid steamer "Eastern Queen." After sailing up Pamlico's Sound, March, the 2d, found us at Roanoke Island. At this place we had a beautiful camp of pines, but we did not stay here long to enjoy it. March, the 6th, our Regiment seemingly always on the the move, unpacked again; this time on the schooner Eva Bella and steamer Louisiana, bound [*No 9.*] [*2.*] no one knew where, until March 13th we came to anchor in the News river at Slocum's Creek, 16 miles from Newbern, N. C. - The next day, the 14th of March we were engaged in the lively battle of Newbern gaining a glorious victory over the rebels driving them to Goldsboro. Encamping on the banks of the Trent river; we commenced to recruit for our next march, which did not happen until July the 2nd; when we embarked aboard the steamer Allison, sailing a short distance down the river, we came to anchor until the 4th of July, when we were recalled again to the city. Reembarking we went back in our old camp, but we were hardly there, before orders were given to cook rations and be in readiness for another start; the 6th inst. found us on board of the same steamer bound as we supposed for Richmond. Stopping near Elizabeth City, July, the 7th, we were transferred to four schooners, and taken in tow by the small steamer, "Emily"; July th, we were at anchor in Norfolk harbor, landing at Norfolk Fort. - We stopped long enough to wait for transports; July the 11th, orders were given to embark aboard the steamer Cossack; for Newport News, where Burnside's 9th Army Corps were encamped. Here by fresh arrivals there was soon a camp of 20,000 men. Sunday, August, the 3d, pitched tents about midnight and embarked aboard the steamer Balloon, bound for Aquia Creek. August, the 5th, landed at the Creek on the Potomac river, and taking the [coast] cars to Falmouth, marched to opposite [*No 9.*] [*3*] Fredericksburgh and encamped on the bank of the Rappahanock river. August, the 12th, marched into the city for patrol duty, until last day of August when our regiment, burning the public warehouses, bridges &c. &c. commenced our midnight march to Aquia Creek, where we arrived again Sept, the 3d; burning a lot of commisary & quartermaster's goods; took the steamer Niagara for Alexandria, arriving there the night of September, the 6th. We encamped until next day when we started on our March to Washington, Sept. the 9th; started on our march through Maryland, Sept, the 12th, had a skirmish with the rebels in Frederick City, driving them out of the city, and capturing five hundred prisoners; Sept. the 7th, took seven prisoners in a skirmish at Middletown; Sept 15th, was in the battle of South Mountain; Sept. the 17th, in the terrible battle of Antietam, where our regiment lost one hundred and ninety six in killed and wounded. Sept. the 18th, were drawn up in line of battle, but the rebels being on the retreat and showing no fight, we encamped near Antietam village; stopping here until October, the 7th, we were once [again] more on the march again over the Blue ridge mountains; this time encamping in Pleasant Valley about 2 miles from Harper's Ferry; had a very good camp here, but poor shelter. October the 28th, found us on the march with Burnside at our head, crossing the Potomac river at Berlin; we were once more on Virginia soil again; then came heavy and [*No 9.*] [*4.*] tedious marches along the Blue Ridge mountains, passing through the pleasant villages of Wheatland, Union, Snickersville, Reckerton, Orleans, Waterloo, Warrington &c, &c; we at last came in sight of Fredericksburgh again, not the city of a year ago, but now completely filled with rebels and rebel rifle works. Encamping, November, the 19th, opposite the city after a march of about 150 miles through Virginia, we recruited again preparatory to another battle with the rebels. Dec, the 11th, engaged the enemy in the terrible battle of Fredericksburg, afterwards encamped in old camp, until Feb. the 6th, 1863; when orders were again given to pack up, taking the cars for Aquia Creek our Regiment was then put aboard a transport again, this time the Sylvia Shore, bound for Newport News. Here we were quartered in barracks, and our time was wholly occupied in drilling, perfecting ourselves in the manual of arms, doing patrol duty &c, &c. until March 13th, when we were again on the move; taking the steamer James F. Freeborn, we landed in Norfolk, where we took the cars for Suffolk, arriving there March, the 14th; just a year from the battle of Newbern N.C. Our regiment was on patrol and picket duty here until April, the 12th; when skirmishing commenced in earnest, and continued until the lively battle of the Nansamond, May, the 3rd, when the rebels tired of banging away at our forts and batteries in and around Suffolk retreated to the Blue Mountain river, June, the 20th [*No 9.*] [*5*] marched under heavy marching orders to nearest railroad station, that night we were in Portsmouth, encamping in the woods about three miles from the city; we stopped long enough to cook rations, starting June 22d; light marching orders, taking steamer Columbia, we were transported to Yorktown, Va; there commenced our march through Virginia, what was called the Blackberry raid, marching through Williamsburg, Slatersville, New Kent Court House; we encamped for a short time at the White House, on the Pamunkey River, commenced our march again July, the 1st, for Hanover Court House, passing through the villages of King William Court House, Brandy wine &c, &c; we arrived at Taylor's plantation; July, the 3d; the next day our regiment was on picket duty, while the other forces were fighting at Hanover Junction. July, the 5th, Sunday, commenced our re-march; marching almost day and night we arrived back in our old camp at Portsmouth. July, the 14th. After having marched about two hundred and twenty five miles through the enemy's country, changing camp several times, building forts and formidable breastworks, occupied our time until Oct. 3d, when we had orders again to pack up, taking the cars near the camp, we were soon in Portsmouth, to patrol the city, then being a misunderstanding between our regiment and the 148th N. Y. regiment we had a second order to march, taking the steamer John A. Warner; at midnight we landed at Gloucester Point on the York river. Our regiment here took [*No 9.*] [*6.*] part in an expedition up the Rappahannock river, where a lot of rebel stores were captured or destroyed; after having a skirmish with the rebels at this place, all was quiet again until the month of December when reenlistments were commenced in the regiment. I reenlisted Jan. 1st 1864, going home with the regiment Jan. 11th on a veteran furlough. Returning from our veteran furlough we were transfered back to Yorktown, Va. March the 2nd, 1864; marching to Williamsburg, Va; we encamped near the town, preparatory to a new campaign. After recruiting the regiment with new recruits, conscripts &c. &c. our regiment then in the glorious 18th Army corps started, May the 4th, to win new laurels in the field; joining Genl Butler's fleet at Grove landing on the James river; we were soon on our way up the noble James, landing, the 6th inst. at City Point; we encamped for the night. The next day, the 7th of May, we started in light marching orders for the battle field, before night we had skirmishes with the enemy, which continued until, May 9th, when our regiment was engaged in the battle of ? Creek. After this then was skirmishing with the enemy until May 16th; when our troops were repulsed in the battle of Drury Bluffs. The loss in our regiment being about three hundred in killed, wounded and taken prisoners. After the battle we retreated about 8 miles to the rear, throwing up formidable works near the Appomatox River. We had no engagements here except some slight skirmishes with the enemy, until May, the 26th; when [*No 9.*] [*7.*] a reconnaisance was made in force to feel the enemy; after a lively skirmish [the] our troops fell back again in their works, having accomplished their object. May, the 28th, were on the march again, crossing the Appamatox; we marched 8 miles to City Point; taking a transport [on] Sunday, May 29th; we arrived at the White House landing the 30th inst. embarking, we commenced our march again the next day with the motto "on to Richmond." After a weary, tiresome march of about 28 miles on one of the warmest days in May, and over a dusty road we finally came upon the enemy at Coal Harbor, the night of June 1st, when fighting commenced in earnest. The 3d inst. our Regiment was engaged in the terrible battle of Coal Harbor; after this we or rather our regiment was in all the battles and skirmishes being in the front line of works until June 12th, when we slowly and silently marched to rear, until we arrived at the White House again. Here we reembarked for Bermuda Hundred, landing there about midnight, the night of June 14th; we made an immediate advance on the enemy in front of Petersburg crossing the Appamatox river; we had skirmishes with the enemy until the 18th inst. when our brigade made a charge on the right of the Appamatox river, and were terribly cut up. After this I was in the trenches forty six days, being engaged in all the skirmishes and in the battle of "Grants Mine", July 31st; until August, the 5th, [*No 9.*] [*8*] when I was wounded in the charge on fort Steadman, explained in the sketch of my life. I could write volumes on this subject, but the number of pages required are already filled and all I can say is farewell to a "Soldier's Life." Wm H. Bottom Norwich, Connecticut. 1865 August 19 1st Series 10 Louis. J. Boos [*1*] My Experience as a Soldier In undertaking to give some of my experience while in the Army, I shall not pretend to compete with history in giving exact dates, but am dependent on my memory, which though it may sometimes be very correct, may vary in some cases with true historical dates. I enlisted in Co "B" 6th Regiment - Penna. Cavalry early in the fall of 1861, and served for a period of three years and two or three months. During the first 8 month of service, there was no opportunity afforded us of proving our courage and valour as soldiers, the first engagement we had with the enemy was at Hanover Ct. House, where we succeeded in routing and driving them before us, as far as their main army at the Chickahominy [*2*] swamps near Mechanicsville where in a few weeks after we had an opportunity of participating in the 7 days battle before Richmond, which resulted in the falling back of our army. It was the 2nd day battle on the 27th of June 1862, a day memorable for the battle of Gaine's Mill, I was surrounded, and taken prisoner by a detachment of the 6th Georgia (Cobb Legion) Cavalry. I was with many other of our fellows obliged to sign a parole of honor but the issue of the battle being in their favor, they retained us prisoners. The next day we were obliged to bury the dead of both armies, our soldiers after being pilfered of everything valuable able being thrown indiscriminately 20 to 30 into one grave. One of the rebel soldiers obtained over $2000 U.S. Currency from the pockets of [*3*] the dead union soldiers, which he offered us for twenty dollars in gold or silver. In a few days we were sent to Richmond and put into one of those tobacco warehouses the dirt and filth of which have been much commented upon. In about 5 weeks from the day of capture I was with many others released on parole, it was with joyous hearts we took our seats in the cattle cars that were to convey us to City Point. When nearing this place, as the Curve of the Road was turned and there came in view the magnificent scene of a dozen or more star spangled banners, floating triumphantly from the peaks of a number of steamers the poor released prisoners could be restrained no longer, and they rose and gave three long continued cheers, for that flag, which protects the home of the free and brave [*4*] I felt proud I was an American citizen and that I was in the ranks of its army. After waiting a few months until we were properly exchanged, we were sent to our regiments and from that time until the day I was wounded, I was engaged with the regiment in the battles at Occoquan, Fredericksburg, Beverly Ford, Gettysburg, Boonesboro, Brandy Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, and Todds Tavern Va in which last battle I was wounded and lost my arm in consequence. It was amputated on the 13th of May 1864 at Lincoln U. S. A. Gen'al Hospital Washington D. C. It was bout 2 o'clock in the afternoon of the 7th of May that Gen'l Torbert Commanding 1st Div. of Cavalry received word that the rebel [*5*] cavalry under Stuart were trying to flank our army by way of Todds Tavern. We were immediately ordered forward (our regiment in the advance). We had scare arrived within sight of their reputed advance, when we were fired upon from all sides by the enemy secreted in the woods. They proved to be a few scouts, skirmishers were immediately deployed in all directions, and in another moment we received the command "Gallop" which soon brought us up to the main body of the enemy, securely posted behind fortifications. Our regiment excepting Companies B & E. was dismounted and ordered to charge them on foot. Co's B and E. were were ordered to hold themselves ready to charge the rebels as they were driven from their hiding place. We sat silently on our horses with drawn sabres waiting to execute the anticipated order. As the command [*6*] to charge was given, a tremendous fire of bullets and shells came into our midst dismounting many of our brave fellows the horses received the most injury. The situation was such we had then to fight dismounted. I slowly proceeded choosing my own position and with my carbine and revolver endeavored to gain a safe and near approach to the enemy. Although the whistling of numerous balls admonished me of danger, yet I kept on protecting myself at times behind trees, until I spied a pile of fence rails which I thought a safe position where I could also escape the eyes of the enemy. Crouching being it, I fired my carbine 16 times, and was congratulating myself on my good fortune when in the act of firing the 17th time, I was hit by the [*7*] enemy, the ball passing through my wrist at the pulse and my arm dropped powerless. I made my way to the rear reported at a hospital there where my arm was dressed as well as circumstances would permit. This occurred about 5 o'clock on the afternoon of the 7th of May 1864. On the 11th of May I was sent to Washington and on the 13th my right arm was amputated. I became reconciled to my misfortune on hearing of the glorious achievements of the Army of the Potomac under Grant. I have very much regretted the loss of my hand, particularly as it prevented me from being with my regiment at the capture of General Lee & his army. Since then the ravages [*8*] of war have ceased and peace has spread her beauteous wings over our free and glorious land. Louis J. Boos Chief Qr. Master's Office No. 1139 Girard St. Philada. Pa Late Sergeant Co. "B" 6th Penna. Cavalry 1st Divn. Cav'y Corps A of P Discharged from Satterlee U.S.A. Gen'l Hospital West Philada. Pa November 29th 1864 [*No 10*] [*1.*] The Guard House and Military Discipline The idea prevails to some extent that a man can never be a good soldier until he has been two or three times in the Guard-House. Perhaps this punishment inflicted for disobedience of orders or breach of discipline may in many cases cause a reform in the character of a soldier, yet I am of the opinion, that more injury is thus occasioned than otherwise. A remark of this nature which I am informed was made by a young man has given rise to some thoughts on this subject, and I am led to believe that he spoke from experience. After I had been in the Army a couple of months, I began to think [*2*] the discipline very rigid, but upon learning to respect my officers, by obeying them, the discipline which I at first thought very despotic, became as a second nature. It is a very natural conclusion that he who does not learn to obey his officers will never rise to any position by merit, while those who respect military discipline generally became officers. Those who will not obey their superiors cannot know how to command others. Our best soldiers generally gave evidence of a good training in their younger days. Those who have always been taught to obey, perform withe pleasure the duties incumbent upon them. I have never been confined in the Guard-House, and I have always looked to this one single fact, as a bright page of my military experience, and though [*3*] there may be some to laugh at such a cause, yet methinks they would gladly have the same to say of themselves. The careful teachings of the mother to her boy at home will instil him with principles of respect for his superiors, and as "Queen Elizabeth" said his countenance will show his character, he carries his principles with him, as a soldier in Camp, on the march, or on the battlefield. His education teaches him to obey no matter how self-sacrificing be the order or tyrannical it may appear. He wins and retains the esteem and friendship of his officers and fellow soldiers. His example is good for others, there are always some to emulate him. Should a vacancy occur, and there is an officer to be chosen for command he will be looked upon as well worthy of the position. On the other hand, he who despises and shows no respect for law and order, [*4*] is of no use to society at home; who is continually complaining of the orders that are given him, and is invariably in the guard-house 3 or 4 times in a year, will never gain the respect of his officers and fellow soldiers. I firmly believe, that military discipline will improve a young man, will give him an experience of hardships, troubles and sufferings, which he would hardly meet with in a life time outside of the Army. It teaches him not to be troubled about what were previously heavy grievances. Guard-house confinement does not always improve a man, in many cases it causes him to despise his officers, and inflames him; with a desire to punish his officers, when free from the Army and military discipline, examples of which have already occurred in this City. [*5*] Much is required of officers, if they desire to have good commands; they should not arrogate to what they have no right. Such generally are tyrannical in their disposition and look on those, who are their inferiors in position with contempt and scorn. Should the inferior dare remonstrate the most rigorous punishment is inflicted on him, instances of which have come under my notice. In such cases a soldier in rank and file has no right to think for himself and is often made the subject of abuse by unprincipled men who through intrigue may rise to Commanding Positions. The model officer is, the man, who in military discipline will use firmness in his decisions and temper it with kindness and justice. He will have no occasion to send any of his men to the Guard-House. His character combines the gentleman with the soldier, he will not abuse his men nor will he allow others to do so, but set them [*6*] a good example. In fact all his actions will win the admiration of his men and gain their esteem and regard. In the time of battle, he is at his post, and you will find that the gentlemanly officer, can also be the courageous and prudent soldier. His command will gladly follow him, knowing that in giving his orders, he will exercise wisdom, and in the hour of danger he will find his men at their post. Such an officer exacts no unjust duties and proves to his command, that he can be a gentleman as well as a soldier. Many such have I seen in out glorious Army. Louis J. Boos late Sergt. 6th Pa. Cavalry Post Office address No. 1139 Girard St. Philada. Pa Office of the "SOLDIER'S FRIEND," No.12 Centre Street, NEW YORK, February 7th, 1866. Louis J Boos, Esq DEAR SIR: -- A large number of the competitors for the premiums for LEFT HAND Penmanship having omitted to furnish the Committee with an attest of the genuineness of their productions, and the necessity of affording a guaranty of the good faith of the successful parties, for the satisfaction of the rest of the contributors, renders it requisite for competitors to make an affidavit of the facts before a Justice or Commissioner. You will please have this affidavit properly executed, and return it to my address IMMEDIATELY. Please state whether your arm is disabled or amputated. If disabled you must declare that you do not and cannot use your arm for writing. Yours respectfully, Wm Oland Bourne, Clerk of the Committee. State of Pennsylvania} ST. City of Philadelphia} Personally appeared before me, an Aldermon Louis J. Boos who being duly sworn, deposes and says that he enlisted in the service of the United States on the Nineteenth day of November 1861, and was a member of Company B., 6th Regiment, Penna Cavelry; that he was wounded in the service of the United States, on the seventh day of May 1864, at Tods Tavern Virginia, and that his right arm, in consequence of said wound, is Amputated at lower third. He further deposes and says that he has learned to write with his left hand since the date of said wound, and that he did not write with his left hand previous to that time, and that the specimen of writing subscribed and presented by him to the Committee of Award for the distribution of premiums to soldiers and sailors who had lost their right hand, or the use thereof, during the late war, was written by him with this left hand, and that the contents thereof are true to the best of his knowledge and belief. Sworn & Subscribed before me this Ninth day of March A.D. 1866 Saml P. Jones J. Alderman Louis J. Boos Philada. March 15/66 Wm O Bourne Esq. Dear Sir Yours of the 13th, instant has been duly recd, also notifying me of the award for literary merit, and enclosing me twenty (20) dollars premium Very Respectfully yr obt servt Louis J Boos [*No 101*] Chief Quarter Master's Office. Philadelphia Depot, Aug 19th 1865. Wm O. Bourne Esq. No. 12 Centre St. New York City. Sir, Louis J Boos the writer of the manuscript accompanying this note, is employed in the Clothing & Equipage Office at this Depot. He lost his right arm as stated in his paper, and has since learned to write with his left. Very Respectfully Your Obt. Sevt. Wm W. McSim Col & Chf QM Phila Depot. No 10- Aug 22/ [*No 10*] [*1.*] My Experience as a Soldier In undertaking to give some of my experience while in the Army, I shall not pretend to compete with history in giving exact dates, but am dependent on my memory which though it may sometimes be very correct, may vary in some cases with true historical dates. I enlisted in Co "B", 6th Regiment Penna Cavalry early in the fall of 1861, and served for the period of two or three months. During the first 8 months of service, there was no opportunity affordes us of proving our courage and valour as soldiers; the first engagement we had with the enemy was at Hanover Court House, where we succeeded in routing and driving them before us, as far as their main army at the Chickahominy swamps near Mechanicsville where in a few weeks after we had an opportunity of participating in the 7 days battle before Richmond, which resulted in the falling back of our army. It was the 2d day battle on the 27th of June 1862, a day memorable for the battle of Gaine's Mill; I was surrounded, and taken prisoner by a detachment of the 6th Georgia (Cobb Legion) Cavalry. I was with many other of our fellows obliged to sign a parole of honor but the issue of the battle being in their favor, they retained us prisoners. The next day we were obliged to bury the dead of both armies; our soldiers after being pilfered of everything valuable were thrown indiscriminately 20 to 30 into one grave. One of the rebel soldiers obtained over $2000 U. S. Currency [*No 10.*] [*2.*] from the pockets of the dead Union soldiers which he offered us for twenty dollars in gold or silver. In a few days we were sent to Richmond and put into one of those tobacco warehouses, the dirt and filth of which have been much commented upon. In about 5 weeks from the day of capture I was with many others released on parole; it was with joyous hearts we took our seats in the cattle cars that were to convey us to City Point. When nearing this place, as the curve of the Road was turned, there came in view the magnificent scene of a dozen or more star spangled banners, floating triumphantly from the peaks of a number of steamers, the poor released prisoners could be restrained no longer, and they rose and gave three long continued cheers for that flag, which protects the home of the free and brave. I felt proud I was an American citizen and that I was in the ranks of its Army. After waiting a few months until we were properly exchanged, we were sent to our Regiments and from that time until the day I was wounded, I was engaged with the Regt in the battles of Occoquan, Fredericksburg, Beverly Ford, Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, Wilderness and Todd's Tavern, Va in which last battle I was wounded and lost my arm in consequence. It was amputated on the 13th of May 1864 at Lincoln U. S. General Hospital, Washington, D. C. It was about 2 o'clock in the afternoon of the 7th of May that Genl. Torbert, Commanding 1st Division Cavalry received word that the rebel Cavalry under Stuart were trying to [*No 10*] [*3*] flank our army by way of Todd's Tavern. We were immediately ordered forward, our Regiment in advance. We have scarcely arrived with sight of their reputed advance when we were fired upon from all sides by the enemy secreted in the woods. They proved to be a few scouts, skirmishers were immediately deployed in all directions and in another moment we received the command "Gallop" which soon brought us up to the main body of the enemy, securely posted behind fortifications. Our Regiment excepting Companies "B & E." was dismounted and ordered to charge them on foot. Cos B & E. were ordered to hold themselves ready to charge the Rebels as they were driven from their hiding place. We sat silently on our horses with drawn sabres waiting to execute the anticipated order. As the command to charge was given, a tremendous fire of bullets and shells came into our midst, dismounting many of our brave fellows, the horses receiving the most injury. The situation was such we had then to fight dismounted. I slowly proceeded chosing my own position and with carabine and revolver endeavored to gain a safe and near approach to the enemy. Although the whistling of numerous balls admonished me of danger, yet I kept on protecting myself at times behind trees, until I espied a pile of fence rails which I though a safe position where I could also escape the eyes of the enemy. Crouching behind it, I fired my carbine 16 times, and was congratulating myself on my good fortune when in the act of firing the 17th time I was hit by the enemy, the ball passing through my wrist at the pulse and my arm dropped powerless. I made my way to the rear [*No 10.*] [*4.*] reported at a hospital where my arm was dressed as well as circumstances would permit. This occurred about 5 o'clock in the afternoon on the 7th of May 1864. On the 11th of May I was sent to Washington and on the 13th my right arm was amputated. I became reconciled to my misfortune on hearing of the glorious achievements of the Army of the Potomac under Grant. I have very much regretted the loss of my hand, particularly as it prevented me from being with my regiment at the capture of General Lee and his army. Since then the ravages of war have ceased and peace has spread her beauteous wings over our free and glorious land. Louis J. Boos, Chief Qr. Master's Office No 1139 Girard Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Late Sergeant Co "B" 6th Penna. Cavalry, 1st Division, Cavalry Corps A of P. Discharged from Saterlee U.S.A. Gen'l Hospital, West Philadelphia, Penna, November 29th 1864. [*No 10*] [*5.*] The Guard-House and Military Discipline The idea prevails to some extent that a man can never be a good soldier until he has been two or three times in the Guard-House. Perhaps this punishment inflicted for disobedience of orders or breach of discipline may in many cases cause a reform in the character of a soldier, yet I am of the opinion that more injury is thus occasioned than otherwise. A remark of this nature which I am informed was made by a young man has given rise to some thoughts on this subject and I am led to believe that he spoke from experience. After I had been in the Army a couple of months I began to think the discipline very rigid, but upon learning to respect my officers by obeying them, the discipline which I thought at first very despotic, became a second nature. It is a very natural conclusion that he who does not learn to obey his officers will never rise to any position by merit, while those who respect military discipline generally became officers. Those who will not obey their superior officers, cannot know how to command others. Our best soldiers generally gave evidence of a good training in their younger days. Those who have always been taught to obey, perform with pleasure the duties incumbent upon them. I have never been confined in the Guardhouse, and I have [No 10] [6.] always looked to this one single fact as a bright page of my military experience, and though there may be some to laugh at such a cause, yet methinks they would gladly have the same to say themselves. The careful teachings of the mother to her boy at home will instil him with principles of respect for his superiors, and as "Queen Elizabeth" said "his countenance will show his character, he carries his principles with him, as a soldier in camp, on the march, or on the battle field. His education teaches him to obey no matter how self-sacrificing be the order or tyrannical it may appear. He wins and retains the esteem and friendship of his officers and fellow soldiers. His example is good for others; there are always some to emulate him. Should a vacancy occur and there is an officer to be chosen for command, he will be looked upon as well worthy of the position. On the other hand, he who despises and shows no respect for law and order is of no use to society at home; who is continually complaining of the orders that are given him, and is invariably in the guardhouse 3 or 4 times in a year will never gain the respect of his officers and fellow soldiers. I firmly believe, that military discipline will improve a young man, will give him an experience of hardships, troubles and sufferings, which he would hardly meet within a life time outside of the Army. It teaches him not to be troubled about what were previously heavy grievances. Guard-House confinement does not always improve a man, in No. 10 7. in many cases it causes him to despice his officers, and inflames him with a desire to punish his officers, when free from the Army and military discipline, examples of which have already occurred in this city. Much is required of Officers, if they desire to have good commands; they should not arrogate to what they have no right. Such generally are tyrannical in their disposition and look on those, who are their inferiors in position with contempt and scorn. - Should the inferior dare remonstrate the most rigorous punishment is inflicted on him, instances of which have come under my notice. In such cases a soldier in rank and file has no right to think for himself and is often made the subject of abuse by unexperienced and unprincipled men who through intrigue and influence may rise to commanding positions. The model Officer is, the man who in military discipline will use firmness in his decisions and temper it with kindness and justice. He will have no occasion to send any of his men to the Guard-house. His character combines the gentle man with the soldier, he will not abuse his men, nor will he allow others to do it; but set them a good example. In fact all his actions will win [their esteem] the admiration of his men and gain their esteem and regard. In the time of battle he is at his post and you will find that the gentlemanly Officer, can also be the courageous and prudent soldier. His command will No. 10. 8 gladly follow him, knowing that in giving his orders he will exercise wisdom, and in the hour of danger he will find his men at their post. Such an officer exacts no unjust duties and proves to his command that he can be "a Gentleman" as well as a "Soldier." Many such have I seen in our glorious Army. — Louis T. Boos Late Sergt 6th Penna Cavalry P.O. Address: No 1139 Girard Street Philadelphia, Penna The ends of Peace. Hon. Daniel S. Dickinson When this country commences to die, it will die rapidly when this nation is given up to disruption, it will go to swift destruction Rome, to be sure, was three hundred years dying; but when its physical powers were greater than ours, it's moral force less, its nervous energy less acute than ours. When we fall, we shall go down in blood and darkness; but not in tears, for the dying never weep. Nero the last and worst of the Caesars, sung to his harp while his capital was in flames; Tamerlane, to signalize his brutal ferocity, reared a monument of seventy thousand human skulls. Attila declared that the grass should never grow where the hoof of his war horse trod; Hyder Ali left the carnantic black with ashes and desolation - but he who destrys the american union will be a greater curse than all or eather, and "the foe, the monster Brant", who fell upon and slaughtered the defenseless women and children of this valley, will be more approved in history by men, and be an honester man in the sight of God, than the despoilers of our late happy union. shall the fell destroyers of this beautiful fabric be permitted to accomplish their infernal errand, and shall they be aided in this work of evil by the cry of peace let none escape under this shallow pretension. Solomon, the wise King of Judea, spared not the murderous Jacob, though he fled for refuge to the inclosures of the Tabernacle, and clung to the horns of the altar - he slew him there and a cry of peace, to be negotiated with armed traitors, should secure a city of refuge to none. I am pained to contemplate the vast destruction of property that must follow. I regret that the prosperity of the country must for a time be blasted and destroyed; I morn the great loss of human life that must insue but if these events must come, they had better come with a country preserved than with a country divided and destroyed. we must fight battles, and bloody battles. we must call vast numbers of men into the field. we must not go as boys to a general training with ladies, and idlers, and members of congress, to see the show, but we must go in earnest go prepared for action - to fight it as a battle, not to fight it as a play-spell. we must unite as a whole people, going shoulder to should, and when we do so we shall conquer. and why? we have the right, we have the prestige of Goverment, we have the sympathy of the disinterested world, we have the moral and material elements to do it all, and to insure victory. Rebellion has not the financial ability to stand a long war, with all their gains from privateering and piracy, and issuing Confederate bonds- made a lien upon the property of people who were never consulted as to their issue, and who repudiate them- worth as much as a June frost or a cold wolf-track; which no financier fit to be outside of the lunatic asylum would give a shilling or peck for. They may vex, they may harras, they may destroy, they may commit piracy, but the reckoning is to come for all this. They will be brought to the judgment of the American people - of their own people. They will be arraigned, and who is there will be ready stand up as their defenders in in the name of the constitution? "I tell the, culloden, dread echoes shall ring, with blood-hounds that bark for thy fugitive king." What a glorious constitution we shall have when it finds shuch glorious interpreters! How strong our institutions will be, anchored upon such foundations. The constitution will then literally "Live through all time, exstend trough all exstent, spread undivided, operate unspent". The above specimen of penmanship is writen by John A. Ludford Jr. Corpl. Co. K 2d Regt. Conn Vol. Heavy Artillery. Wounded at Cold Harbor Va. June 1, 1864.. engaged at Battles of Spotsylvania C.H. and Cold Harbor Va. Address. Bridgeport. Conn. No 11 August 24 1865 Out of the fiery ordeal of a four years war, a war fierce, sanguinary and unsparing, emerges the nation today, its honor unstained its unity intact, and its great experiment of self goverment fully vindicated and established, And in the vast upheaval, shaking the foundations of all established things, and moulding anew the nations habits of thought and action, much of worthless costom, and mistaken prejudice has gone down forever, Through a long and properious season of great commercial activity and unparalleled growth, the nation, walking only in the paths of Peace, had become disused to the arts of war, and relaxed the nerve and sinew that must wield the sabre, and direct the gun, when the cause of Honor and of Right is trusted to the issue of the battle field. Hearing wild rumors of war on the frontiers only, over the vast interior sprung up the mighty Cities that tower with spire and chimney to the sky, and the pleasant villages that lie on the sunny hill slopes and in quiet valleys throughout all the land. All was Peace, Prosperity, and Plenty. But unseen agents were at work, noiseless influences, potent and irresistible, like the forces gathering in the clear summer sky, that soon will burst upon the startled land in thunderstorm and whirlwind, At the north, Industry rewarded, and dignified by Freedom and Worth, grew powerful and recognized nothing grander or more noble than itself. Freedom Worth, And Industry, guiding the individual, guided likewise the community, and in the laps of years, growing great and marshalling their millions at the ballot box seized the helm of the ship of state and said "Here after we will guide, trusting in God, and our chart shall be that immortal truth; under the Law, as to the eye of God, all men are born free and equal", but the South with Labor and Worth chained to the care of slavery, seeing the gigantic growth of Freedom at the North, and Knowing that the life of the state, was the deal knell of its institution, withdrew in anger and aimed at the heart of the common mother a tratior blow. Then from the bosom of the overhanging cloud leaped the fierce thunder-bolt, and war let loose his Furies with blazing torch and dripping sword, upon the land, Then from the mountains, plains, and valleys of the South came her eager sons, crying to be led to battle, longing to fight, if but to show their superiority over any race that dared to labor, and to hold labor sacred, Confident, exalting, thirsting for glory and sure of success, they left their homes, and joined in a crusade against the "Old Flag" and on many a hard fought field, piled up before the cannon, smitten by the sabre, trampled by the charger, pierced by the bullet, and shattered by the shell, the fell in the hopeless struggle of wrong against Right, From the quiet homes of Peace and Love, at the call of their country, came the men of North. From the plow the anvil, the bench, the boom, the scholars study, and the merchants desk came they forward to vindicate the honor of the nation and the mighty principles of Right and justice, and the grandsons of the men who fought at Lexington, and Concord and Bunker Hill, at Antietam, Gettysburg, and Lookout mountains, in numberless and nameless graves they lie, and their bones whiten on the sandy shores of the mighty Gulf, in the prison pens they died, bowing to sickness and starvation, when the taunting foe could not move them, On the long march, the tedious retreat the snow of winter and the sod of summer alike their bed, murmering not, but trusting to the God of Battles and a rightious cause, they bravely bore their part, and with heroism that chalanges the admiration of all time to come, they died to vindicate a priciple, and from the death, the chaos and confusion of such times, will He bring the great compensating blessings in store for a redeemed and rescued land, And now the widow and the orphan, the empty chair at the fireside, and the empty sleeve in the old blue uniform, while they with mute eloquence touch the heart and moisten the eye, will remind us that through such sacrifices as these are the blessings we now enjoy purchased, and the mighty truth made Known and established as the cornerstone of the great temple of our Liberties; that the rewards of labor shall be secure to all, and in the eye of the Law, as in the eye of the Lord, all men are born free and equel. John A. Ludford Jr. Bridgeport, Conn. John A. Ludford Jr Co K. 2nd Regt Conn, Heavy Artilery Wounded at Cold Harbor, Va. June 1st 1864 In the right arm by a minnie Ball which cause Amputation nesessary. [*Whn enlisted - List of Battles.*] 1865, August 15 1st Series 12 William M. Connors Wounded at Port Hudson, La May 27, 1863 Soldiers Specimen William M. Connor Co "C" 6th Regiment Michigan Infantry Residence Mount Clemens Macomb County Michigan Lost right arm at Port Hudson, La., May 27, 1863.-. W.O.B. Soldiers specimen William M. Connor Mt Clemens Macomb County Michigan In the spring of 1861 after the 1st & 2nd Mich Infantry had left the state for the seat of war Gov Blair conceived the idea of forming a "School of Instruction" at Fort Wayne and accordingly ordered the Officers and non commissioned officers of the 5th 6th & 7th Infantry to report at the Fort three miles below Detroit June 19th 1861; I entered as a corporal in Co "C" 6th Regt the benefit of the school was fully shown in the early efficiency of those Regiments August 1st all were sent home to recruit for their respective Regiments, the 6th rendez- vousing at Kalamazoo under command of Col F.W. Curtenius; The 21st the 6th was mustered into the United States Service 1040 strong and the 30th started for Baltimore Md Our journey was one grand triumph, the citizens receiving us with the greatest enthusiasm along the entire route: three days brought us to our journeys end and many marched through the city as if they expected a repetition of the disgraceful scenes of the 19th of April; We occupied what is known as McKims Hill and took the place of the 17th Mass. The varied duties of Provost Guard with Military Inspections and Reviews occupied our time until Nov 14th when we formed part of an expedition to that part of Virginia situated East of the Chesapeake Bay = better known as the Eastern shore The country through which we passed was poor and desolate and ignorance commanded a large premium: On the distribution of Gen Dix's Proclomation but few were found able to read it! They attempted to prevent the passage of our artillery by falling trees across the roads little dreaming that Yankees knew enough to tear down the fences = drive through their fields and leave them to clear their own roads: our force consisted of the following Regiments and detachments under command of Brig Gen Lockwood: viz 21st Indiana: 2nd Delaware: Purnells Legion of Md: 5th N.Y: 17th Mass: 4th Wisconsin and 6th Mich together is Nims Battery No 2 from Mass: We went by steamer from Baltimore to Newtown and marched from there to Eastville passing through Drummondtown, Pungoteague, Bell Haven and Franktown on the route On our return we marched back to Pungoteague Landing where we took boats for Baltimore: We returned Dec 8th much improved in health by the air and exercise! But six companies of our Regiment went on the Expedition; those remaining had busied themselves in building barracks for our winter use: While in Baltimore we had every comfort we could wish for still we were not satisfied We had enlisted to defend the Government and we wanted to do our part in the work: We were however compelled to fare sumptuously and play soldier until February 21st when we were assigned to Gen Butler's Expedition and sailed immediately for Newport News the Expedition was known as the New England Divission but contained three Western Regts= the 4th Wisconsin: 21st Indiana & 6th Mich: March 4th the Steamship Constitution came to Newport News after us: the three western Regiments were just on board together with several detachments from others making about three thousand five hundred men in all They calculated to sail down to Fortress Monroe in the night as the rebels had a powerful battery at Sewells Point and the boat would have to follow the main channel which ran within Easy range: We did not get loaded so as to start until noon the 5th: We expected a salute as they had fired on the vessel coming up On she rode in all her majesty with the stars and stripes waving proudly as we neared Sewells Point: When we were almost opposite the rising smoke announced that the work had actually begun: there was a few moments of breathless suspence but soon it whizzed over our heads Five shots were fired in all and as they were the first I ever heard it seemed as though they were aimed directly at me but since then I have found that they are like some blowing men=a big scare with a very small amount of danger: For a few days before leaving Newport News we could see a vessel laying off Craney Island which we supposed to be the Merrimac and which supposition afterwards proved true March 6th we sailed from "Fortress Monroe" There being so many of us on board our situation was anything but desirable: Our Regiment was in the third hold even with the waters edge with no light or air except what was forced down to us The afternoon of the 12th we came in sight of Ship Island and its desolate shores gave to all a very unfavorable opinion for it seemed more like a place of banishment than a haven of rest: Imagine a pile of sand thrown up in Mid Ocean and you have some idea how Ship Island appears: It is a long bank of white sand that is blown before a heavy wind like a Northern snow: The sand was so light that a person would sink in ankle deep at every step: When the wind blew the air was filled with flying sand and at such times it was impossible to cook anything without having it about half sand: the sand would stand in the bottom of the kettles after they had got done cooking dinner and inch or two The Island is nearly twelve miles long and averages about three fourths of a mile wide It is divided into two parts which are separated at high tide in spring and fall For seven miles on the west end there is not a tree or shrub and from the nearest point of woods it was five miles to the nearest camp All the wood we used had to be carried that distance by hand or floated along the beach To find water we had only to dig down anywhere on the Island a couple of feet and it would fill immediately with a very good quality The Island is about sixty miles from the mouths of the Mississippi but only about seventy from New Orleans in a direct route: The city is accessable by two routes = but way of the river and in rear by way of Lake Ponchartrain: Both ways were well defended by Forts and Batteries The River was defended by Forts Jackson and St Philip situated at a bend on opposite sides Seventy five miles below New Orleans and thirty above where the River breaks into the Deltas: Fort Jackson on the West bank mounted Eighty guns and Fort St Philip forty: April 6th the mortar fleet under Porter accompanied by the Western Gulf Blockading Squadron under Farragut sailed from Ship Island for the South West Pass: Several days were spent in getting the fleet over the bar and many of the vessels had to unload some of their guns and ammunition before they could cross Every preparation being completed the 17th they advanced to the neighborhood of the Forts: A few shots were fired by way of a Yankee compliment and the next day pieces of the shells were exhibited in New Orleans The ground at the Forts is low and marshy covered with a thick growth of small timber The masts of the mortar schooners were trimed with bushes so that off a distance they could not be told from the woods: The vessels were daubed with clay so that that they were the same color of the River banks: The 18th the bombardment commenced in earnest and continued night and day until the surrender. Aside from the Forts there was a cable stretched across from Fort Jackson fastened the hulks anchored in the stream directly under the fire of both Forts No passage could be attempted until this cable was destroyed: One dark stormy night amid the combined thunder of both Fleet and Forts a select party attempted the task and the cable was broken, strange to say without the loss of a man. It matters not how dangerous the under- taking may be or how slight the chances of escape, men can be found who well readily stake their lives on its success On the destruction of the cable rested the fate of New Orleans and three days after-wards Farragut attempted the movement which has made his reverenced in every loyal household throughout the land Above the Forts the Rebels had fifteen iron plated Gun Boats: At half past two the morning of April 24th the fleet advanced in three Divisions to attempt a passage The roar of cannon was terrible as every available gun belched forth destruction: As many as eight mortar shells could be seen in the air at the same time: Once above the Forts a formidable iron fleet had to be overcome by wooden vessels: Destruction was their fate and in their desperation some of the Rebel commanders saw their sinking vessels on shore: set them on fire burning their own wounded: We lost but one vessel and she went down with her pennant flying and the last broad side was fired with the gun carriages under water While the bombardment was in progress the 2nd Brigade under command of Gen Williams to which we were attached was ordered to Bay Rondo in rear of Fort St Philip to attack that Fort by storm: During the terrific bombardment attendant to the passage we were where we could see and hear all but know not who was winning During the passage Farragut occupied his favorite place=a seat in the bow rigging= Since then he has in the same place triumphantly ridden by Vicksburg and Port Hudson and into Mobile Bay: After the passage of the Forts the bombardment was continued by the mortar vessels while the Fleet pushed onward to New Orleans The rear of Fort St Philip was a vast marsh and the men had to wade waist deep to reach it: After two Regiments had thus been landed the Forts surrendered which freed the other from that disagreeable duty We hastened to the South West Pass and pushed up the river rapidly after the fleet Madam Rumor had the river banks lined with Rebel Batteries and the fleet advanced cautiously to within Eighteen miles of the city that day: The distance in a direct line was not near as far: that night the general conflagration gave to it the appearance of a Second Moscow: The only battery encountered on the route was a at Chalmette Jacksons old battle ground where they had a line of works extending from the river on each side to the swamps The city has been so extended that the old battle ground is now only about two miles from its limits and the Street cars run to within a half mile of it. At noon April 25th the Union Fleet anchored off the city: It is built at a bend in the river in the form of a Crescent and Extends for seven miles along the levee but does not run back but about half a mile Farragut sent Capt Baily Second in command to demand of the civil authorities the surrender of the city: As the Military power had been broken and further business would necessarily be with civilians he carried no flag of truce: The levee was lined with men armed with revolvers who threatened to shoot him if he landed With that peculiar grace which a brave man always exhibits in the presence of an enemy he drew his handkerchief and waving it over his head sprang on shore That act garnered the respect of those who a moment before would have hailed his death with joy A conference with the mayor resulted in nothing satisfactory: He claimed that the city was under the military author- ity= while the military claimed to have evacuated it: The next morning a company of Marines hoisted a flag over the Mint: During the day a frenzied mob assembled around the building and under their inspiration four desperadoes mounted the building and tore it down and after parading it through the streets with fife and drum divided it among the crowd: A shot from a brass Howitzer in the main Top of the Pensacola was fired at them but no one was hit The papers lauded the act as showing the cool dignity of Southern Shivalry under trying circumstances : William B Mumford the one who tore it down publicly boasted of it and dared the minor authorities to molest him even after we had landed : We did it once too often for he was tried : found guilty and on the 7th of June executed beneath the place that he tore the flag from May 1st the troops began to land and the 6th Michigan was one of first to carry the old flag through the city on its redemption as we marched from the foot of Canal St to the mint which we occupied for quarters In the emotions of that hour of triumph came the full recompense for all the hardships and privations that we had endured The city was very filthy and the authorities showed no dispositions to clean it Gen Butler conceived a plan to do it for them Two million and a half Dollars had been contributed by the wealthiest to fortify the city against the Union Army. We assessed each person one quarter of the amount that they had subscribed and with the funds thus raised hired the poor men to clean the streets: When he left there was not a cleaner or healthier city in the United States The Yellow Fever used to be a regular visitor but there was not a single case of it that year although traitors prayed for it in Sack cloth and ashes. May 8th the 4th Wisconsin and 6th Michigan started up the river under command of Gen Williams: Thirty five miles above we landed and prepared for a bitter march in light order Our course at first was up along the levee the weather was delightful and the roads splendid and we flattered ourselves that we were going to have a nice little walk which would be quite a luxury after being confined so long on transports. Soon our course changed inland and our beautiful road to a swamp and for three mile and a half we had to wade waist deep in mud and water: our progress was necessarily slow and night overtook us in the swamp We had not gone far before many became unable to endure the fatigue and might be seen all along the route perched up where ever they could get out of the water. After we reached Frenier a small Railway station on the Jackson & New Orleans RR. Pickets were thrown up and down the road while the men went to work zealously in tearing up the track: A Hand Car having on board five persons one of whom was the proprietor of the St. Charles Hotel in New Orleans attempted to run by regardless of the command of the Pickets: Three shots were fired and one killed and three wounded dangerously: The Proprietor who deserved to suffer most escaped unharmed: After destroying six or seven miles of the road we started for Kenner on the River where our steamboats met us May 13th we reached Baton Rouge and marched through the city to the US Arsenal more for exercise and amusement than from necessity May 15th we took possession of Natchez and the evening of the 18th reached the vicinity of Vicksburg we were accompanied by six gun boats; they formed in line off the city while the two boats that carried the troops tied up opposite Warrenton: the gun boats held a series of friendly communications with the enemy in regards to the surrender of the place: we might have taken it but could not have held it with one small force: the place had them but few fortifications and a light garrison but they immediately began the work which made it the Gibraltar of America. While we lay there our small supply of provisions became exhausted and for several days we had nothing except what was sent to us from the Gun Boats May 26th we started to return: Previous to them we always had a convoy but that day we went unprotected but the boat that had on board the 4th Wisconsin had two steel rifled cannon and the one our regiment was on had two brass howitzers to protect themselves: during the forenoon the boats became separated = one running much faster than the other At noon we reached Grand Gulf where we were going to stop for a supply of wood just before reaching the shore while headed up stream a concealed Rebel Battery opened fire upon us! To get by we would have to run very close to where it was located The scene that followed will never be forgotten by those who were on board! The firemen ran away from the fires and the Pilot deserted his post while our Engineer backed on his wheel while the other kept his going forward: we were wholly unprepared for an attack and could use but one of the Howitzers Still that one was used very effectively and the Soldiers aided materially with small arms: They fired over Sixty rounds at us and killed only one man while we killed and wounded several and at one time silenced their battery: We ran out of range and awaited the arrival of a Gun Boat which was expected: On its arrival we prepared to return and attack the place The arrival of Gen Williams suspended operations and his prudence would not let us attempt a landing until the place had been shelled and a white flag raised over it, but then the bird had flown: In reconnoitering the surrounding country at dusk Lieut De Kay of Gen Williams staff encountered a Guerilla who from his hiding place in the bushes fired two charges from a double barreled shot Gun at him which caused his death some months afterwards His death was mourned by the entire Brigade for his genial disposition made him a favorite with all May 29th we reached Baton Rouge: The day previous while a small boat was going from the shore to one of the sloops a Guerrilla Band rode down to the levee and fired into it: The Gun Boats opened fire damaging the city but injuring none of the guilty: we were detained as Garrison to the place On the night of July 25th four companies of the 6th Michigan and two of the 14th Maine with a company of Cavalry and two pieces of Artillery made a sail[l] of fifteen miles into the interior: About daylight the men became so fatigued that they could scarcely march and wanted to stop to rest and make some coffee: Just then the rattle of musketry ahead told us that our skirmishers had found them: No man was tired or hungry then: Companies "C" & E. of the 6th were forwarded on a double quick to support: On coming to the Amite River we found them posted on the opposite bank: The banks were high and our artillery was brought into position We fell back out of sight=pulled off our shoes stockings and pantaloons=came up on a sun and waded the River in the face of their fire: On reaching the shore we threw down our clothes and drove them from their position. The Citizens of Baton Rouge expected a general attack on the city long before it was made: In almost every garden large holes were dug and the valuables buried! They had holes dug to crawl into in case of a fight; Gen Williams found out by intercepted letters when the attack was to be made and had his troops composed of seven regiments as follows 30th Mass 14th Maine, 9th Conn 7th Vt 4th Wisconsin 21st Indiana and 6th Michigan posted in position ready to receive them: The 2nd 4th and 6th Mass Batteries each occupied prominent points in the line At half past three the morning of August 5th a division under Breckenridge opened the attack with a charge: For ten miles they had come through the woods to avoid our scouts = hoping to surprise us Seven desperate charges were made on the right and center held by the 6th Michigan and 21st Indiana those seven charges were repulsed and four successfully made Four companies of the 6th Michigan repulsed a Brigade and by charging them before they could rally captured two pieces of Artillery and the colors of the 4th Louisiana The citizens expected a triumphant entry of the Rebel Army and made great preparations to give them a feast. The keeper of the Penitentiary a professed legal man - boiled several barrels of pork and baked a proportional amount of bread to feed them with: He found customers for all he had and I have a faint idea of one hungry soldier enjoying his benevolence after eight hours hard fighting Breckenridge made a speech to his men and told them they would dine at the State House = Many of them did but as prisoners of War Our Army was so debilitated that [we] thought we could not offer much resistance: On parade the 6th Michigan could not turn out over one hundred and fifty strong: to fight Breckenridge it turned out over five hundred men. The citizens went out to aid them and many were killed with arms in their hands and parols in their pockets: Gen Williams fell in the hour of victory shot through the heart; He was not a popular officer except in the hour of danger during the heat of battle his bravery mantled every fault and endeared him to his soldiers: He fell foremost to the few cheering on his men and many a bronzed cheek was moistened with tears when he gave his life for his country: His body was sent to New Orleans on a Boat loaded with wounded: It collided with a Gun Boat and was sunk drowning the wounded: His body was on a plank on the hurricane deck and floated off as the Boat went down: The next day it was found ten miles below Gen Van Dorn concentrated his forces at Camp Moore and threatened New Orleans and the forces at Baton Rouge were withdrawn to its defences In January we went on an Expedition under command of Gen Weitzel to Berwicks Bay west of New Orleans on the Opalouses R. R. The 14th in cooperation with the Gun Boats under Com Buchannan we attacked the Rebels who with the powerful Iron Clad Gun Boat Cotton held a position on the Tesche which had been obstructed by sinking scows filled with bricks and rubbish We forced them to destroy her but it cost many precious lives among which was Com Buchannan: Regardless of personal safety he ordered his boat to the nearest point that could be reached where she effectively assailed the Iron Monster and with his glass on the hurricane deck directing the movements became a target to the enemys sharp shooters December 14th Gen Bank's Expedition reached New Orleans and he assumed command Many regarded Gen Butler as too severe in his dealing with traitors and thought more concilliatory means would be better: No other man could have so successfully controlled the passions of New Orleans: they hated him but feared and respected his firmess: When we landed a Soldier could not pass through the streets without being insulted: The men were bad enough but the women were worse: On meeting one or more in the streets they would try to spit in our faces: We had Union flags in different parts of the city that hung out over the sidewalks: On coming to these they would pass into the middle of the street regardless of mud rather than walk under them Gen Butter saw that this state of affairs could not exist long = the Army would not endure it and he sought to tame them He did it and although he has been denounced both in this country and Europe for the issues of his famous woman order = yet so few words have never been productive of so much good: After the order had time to enforce itself a soldier was no more liable to be insulted in New Orleans than in any orderly city in the United States He brought order to a city "where for a score of years in times of times of the most profound peace human life was scarce safe at noon day" March 24th after two successful engagements the 6th Michigan aided by the 165th New York and two companies from the 14th Maine and 177th New York advanced to Ponchatoula and fortified Manchac Pass connecting Lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain May 18th the 6th Michigan sailed from Kenner to participate in the attack on Port Hudson The troops were landed at Springield Landing some ten miles below Port Hudson and marched in rear to invest the place May 21st the first engagement was fought outside the fortifications and the 27th the first general assault was made our force was what is known as the 19th Corps under Gen Banks divided into four Divisions of about six thousand effective men each under command of Maj Gen Augur and Brig Generals T.W. Sherman Grover and Weitzel. The 6th was in the 2nd Divission under Sherman The 27th he sent to the 6th for fifty volunteers for a "forlorn hope": the men responded willingly: I volunteered as one of the party: On counting it was found that Sixty Eight had volunteered: They then called for Eighteen of the number to volunteer to stay and fight in the Regiment but not one could be had: After a man had volunteered in such a party he would not want to be thrown out as his friends at home not [knoning] knowing the circumstances might think that he had disgraced himself: Respect for those at home and a remembrance of what was done by the patriotic ladies throughout the North for their comfort aided largely in making our Army what it was: On relating the circumstances to Gen Sherman he allowed the entire Sixty Eight to go: Most fortifications have a deep impassible ditch in front: For a charging column to attempt to cross such a place would be but a sacrifice of life: The object of the "forlorn hope" was to carry up material to bridge the ditch so that the Divission could cross without stopping: Could we have accomplished the object even though every one had been killed it would have saved hundred of lives in the Divission: The party lay aside every thing that could hinder and carried only their guns and one hundred rounds of ammunition At precisely two oclock in the afternoon the combined assault was made: The "forlorn hope" advanced in groups of four = five paces apart - each man carrying a board seven or eight feet long and a couple wide or two bearing a long pole My course was up an old road down which there were three heavy guns constantly firing = If I ever watched anything anxiously in my life it was those guns = when one flashed I dropped as soon as the charge passed over I up and on = some of the grapeshot cut my clothing: When the advance was commenced no one could be seen around the Rebel works save the few who worked the guns but as we approached they glistened with armed men to contest our crossing: When within about ten rods we had orders to lie down to avoid raking fire = five minutes afterwards when the order came to again "forward" = only Eight out of the Sixty Eight were able to respond: In less than a half minute I was shot three times one of which shattered my right arm at the elbow During the afternoon I received three shots more For two hours I lay under the fire of both armies: I thought I had been where bullets flew before but until then I never was where they came by the bushel: Where our party lay down the lives of killed and wounded were perfect Some imagine that the shrieks of the wounded and groans of the dying are terrible upon a battle field: It is all a fancy: The neighing of wounded horses = the roar of artillery = the rattle of musketry = the yells of deadly charges and the shouts of victorious hosts that repulse those charges go to make up the discordant sounds of a battle When a man is shot he sinks down without a murmur and his nearest comrade scarcely knows it: Some conscious that their hours are numbered die praying alike for friend and foe = others exhibiting their true natures curse everything that is good till death comes to ease the ears of their comrades: One receives the fatal wound that must disable him for life and his heart rends in anguish for his family an other whose ambition has been blighted weeps because he can no longer fight; Some hear in the screech of every shell and the whip of every bullet the summons of the grim messenger = death = others under the inspiration of duty are dead to every surrounding danger: To be a participant kills half its horrors but to be an unwilling idle spectator is revolting: I never heard so much profanity in any three months of my life as I did in that short afternoon: Drunkenness is the worst curse of a battle field and multiplies its horrors: Some officers dare not risk their reputations on their own personal bravery and drink till they know no fear That afternoon a drunken officer jumped upon a log in full view of the works and began to swear at the men: For a minute he stood regardless of danger = then a ball struck him in the forehead and he sank: Such was not bravery = it was but a drunken insanity and his life was sacrificed with no good to his country: Bravery is a nobler feeling and brings no degradation to a persons manhood The attack was repulsed at every point: The 6th Mich gained a position within twenty five rods of the works and held it until after dark where they were ordered to withdraw While I was on the field I did not feel the loss of blood but as soon as I was entirely out of danger I could not sit up without fainting: At ten oclock the same evening my right arm was amputated near the shoulder: Early the next morning I was taken by ambulance to Sprinfield Landing and from there by steamboat to Baton Rouge: Midwas between the battlefield at Port Hudson and Springfield Landing the Sanitary Commission had a station where they supplied the wants of the wounded as they passed: And never was human kindness more fully appreciated than by those who were made the recipients of their benevolence On losing my right arm my first thought was to learn to write with the left hand I commenced practicing with a lead pencil the next day and in the corner where my bed was located the wall was written as high and as far as I could reach each way A second attack was made on Port Hudson June 14th but no particular advantage was gained: A few men succeeded in crossing the works but were taken prisoners: One of those captured succeeded in getting an old Rebel uniform and in the disguise visited all the prominent points inside the fortifications: Then swam the river in the night and escaped by their pickets He reported where their only grist mill was located = the batteries directed their fire on the point - the mill was burned and after that they had to eat corn on the cob Three ears [a] per day was a ration for a man After two unsuccessful attempts to carry the place by storm every power was brought into requisition to secure the success of a regular seige During the middle of the day the heat in the trenches was scarcely endurable: An agreement was entered into between the Rebel soldiers and ours that for certain hours during the heat of the day they would not fire at each other unless a general advance was made: During these hours they would often meet mid way and hold friendly conversation and often used to eat together People may say as they will of the practice yet it was conducted as principles of honor and robs war of half its horrors July 6th the official report of the surrender of Vicksburg was received and read to each Regiment Then came such a celebration as Port Hudson had never witnessed before: The good news was told to the rebel soldiers and Gen Frank Gardner their commander sent to Gen Banks for something reliable in regard to the surrender: Gen Banks sent him Gen. Grants dispatch: He returned it saying that he had defended the peace as long as was consistent with his duty as a soldier and offered to capitulate: Terms were agreed upon by chosen commissioners and on the morning of July 9th our victorious army entered the fortifications which for fifty two days they had been laboring zealously to capture The possession of Vicksburg and Port Hudson gave the Rebels command of the Red River Trade which aided so largely in supplying their Eastern Armies With the fall of one the other became useless The success of their trade was materially effective by the success of Farragut's daring feat = running the gauntlet of the Port Hudson batteries the night of March 14th 1863, the bluffs are perpendicular by eighty feet above high water mark and for four miles were lined with powerful batteries: To get by a vessel would have to be under fire for several miles: After seeing the place the wonder is the greater that any wooden vessel could have successfully passed: The Flag Ship Hartford and the Albatross did it. Two large sloops were disabled and the Mississippi lost her bearing turned the bend too soon and grounded under the fire of all their guns: She could not be got off and was destroyed to prevent her from falling into their hands: That night I was at Kenner one hundred and fifty miles from Port Hudson but could hear every gun distinctly: The works in rear of Port Hudson were of themselves insignificant and could be ridden, over in most places by cavalry and artillery but the natural position of the ground made them impregnable to an attack After recovering from my wounds I rejoined my Regiment at Port Hudson in September Although the place was high and abounded in springs of clear water yet it was very unhealthy and I became one of its victims December 22nd after a severe frustration I accepted a discharge but did not fully recover my health for a year afterwards Four years from the day that the 6th Michigan left the state it returned to it in triumph the object for which it volunteered having been gloriously accomplished At the general election of 1864 I was elected County Clerk by the Soldiers Vote for the County of Macomb and State of Michigan By the decission of the Supreme Court of our State that vote was rejected and after holding the office four months I was ousted The foregoing remarks have been penned with no extra care or pains and the penmanship is without artificial aid or disguise which I suppose is what you desire William M. Connor Co "C" 6th Regiment Michigan Infantry Soldiers specimen Corporal William M. Connor Company "C" 6th Regiment Michigan Infantry Right arm lost at Port Hudson La. May 27th 1863 Residence Mount Clemens Macomb County Michigan Age 24 years Mount Clemens Macomb County Michigan August 15th 1865 William Oland Bourne Dear Sir I see by the papers that you offer a premium for the best specimen of left hand writing by any soldier who has lost his right arm in the late war for the defense of the Government and has since learned to write with the left hand. As my case meets all those requirements I offer myself as a competitor Respectfully Yours William M. Connor I entered the United States service August 21st 1861 as a Corporal in Company "C" 6th Regiment Michigan Infantry and took part in all the engagements through which that Regt passed until December 22d 1863 when I was discharged at Port Hudson La I have been in only two general engagements viz: Baton Rouge and Port Hudson but I have been in several skirmishes in different parts of La. and Miss: I lost my right arm in the forlorn hope that assaulted the works May 27th 1863 at Port Hudson. I never tried to use a pen with my left hand until after I had lost my arm The space limited for specimens to be written on will not enable any one to write much of an essay or relate many battle incidents I will give some of the latter "Baton Rouge" The citizens of Baton Rouge expected a general attack on the place long before it was made and in almost every garden had holes dug to crawl into in case of a fight. Gen. Williams found out by intercepted letters when the attack was to be made and had his troops composed of seven Regts and four batteries posted in a position ready to receive them: At half past three the morning of Aug 5th 1862 a diversion under Breckenridge opened the attack with a charge: Several desperate charges were made but were successfully repulsed by the 6th Mich and 21st Indiana aided by Nims' Battery's during the engagement four companies of the 6th Mich repulsed a Brigade and by charging on them before they could rally captured two pieces of artillery and the colors of the fourth Louisiana: In front of the 21st Ind where the most desperate fighting was done the rebels charged through the cemetery in which President Taylor was buried and on and around his grave were several dead rebels: The citizens expected a triumphant entry of the rebel army and made great preparations to give them a feast: The Army was so debilitated that they thought we could no offer much assistance: For parade the 6th Mich could not turn out over one hundred and fifty strong = to fight Breckenridge it turned out over five hundred men: The keeper of the Penitentiary who professed to be a very loyal man boiled several barrels of pork and baked a proportional amount of bread to feed the rebels with: he found customers for all he had and I have a faint idea of one hungry soldier enjoying his benevolence after eight hours hard fighting Gen Williams fell in the hour of victory shot through the heart; he was not a popular officer except in the hour of danger; in the heat of battle his bravery mantled every fault and amid the deadly strife there was many a moist eye over the death of our gallant commander "Port Hudson" May 18th 1863 the 6th Mich started from Munchuc Pass to participate in the attack on Port Hudson; the 21st the first engagement was fought outside of the fortifications and the 27th the first general assault was made; Our force was what is known as the 19th Corps under Gen Banks divided into four divisions of about six thousand effective men each commanded by Maj Gen Augur and Brig Generals T. W. Sherman, Grover and Weitzel We were in the 2nd Division under Sherman The 27th about an hour and a half before the assault was made he sent to our Regt for fifty volunteers for a "forlorn hope" The men responded willingly; I volunteered to go with them: On counting it was found that sixty eight had volunteered = eighteen more than was called for: They then called for eighteen to stay and fight in the Regt but not one could be had: After a man had volunteered in any such party he would not want to be thrown out as his friends at home not knowing the circumstances might think that he had disgraced himself: Respect for those at home and a remembrance of what has been done for their comfort has aided largely in making our Army what it is: On relating the matter to the General he allowed the entire sixty eight to go Most fortifications have a deep impassable ditch in front: For a charging column to attempt to cross such a place would be but a sacrifice of life: The object of the "forlorn hope" was to carry up material to throw across the ditch so that the division could cross without stopping: Could we have accomplished the object even though every man had been killed it would have saved hundreds of lives in the Division We cast of everything that could hinder and carried only our guns and our hundred rounds of ammunition: At precisely two oclock in the afternoon the combined assault was made The "forlorn hope" advanced in groups of fours five paces apart = each man carrying a board seven or eight feet long or two carrying a long pole: My course was up an old road down which there were three heavy guns constantly firing: If I ever watched anything anxiously in my life it was those guns: As soon as I saw the white smoke coming from the muzzles I dropped: as soon as the charge passed over I up and on: Some of the grape and cannister cut my clothing: When we emerged from the woods nearly a mile from the works not a man could be seen save the few that worked the heavy guns when within about twenty five rods of them the line glistened with armed men to contest our crossing: Almost the first volley I was slightly wounded in the bowels: When within ten rods we had orders to lie down to avoid a raking fire: Five minutes after when the order came to again advance only eight out of the sixty eight were able to respond I was shot three times in less than half a minute: For two hours I lay under the fire of both armies: I thought I had been where bullets flew before but until then I never was where they came by the bushel Where our party lay down the lines of killed and wounded were perfect: Some imagine that the shrieks of the wounded and groans of the dying are terrible on a battle field: it is all a fancy: When a man is shot he sinks down and his nearest comrade scarcely knows it: Some conscious that their hours are numbered die praying alike for friend and foe = others exhibiting their true natures curse everything that is good till death comes to ease the ears of their comrades: one receives the fatal wound that must disable him for life and his heart rends in anguish for his family = an other whose ambition has been blighted weeps because he can no longer fight: Some hear in the screech of every shell and the whiz of every bullet the summons of the grim messenger death = others under the inspiration of duty are dead to every surrounding danger: To be a participant kills half of its horrors but to be an unwilling idle spectator is revolting: Drunkenness is the worse curse of a battle field and multiplies its horrors: Some officers dare not risk their reputation on their own personal bravery and drink till they know no fear That afternoon a drunken officer jumped upon a log within twenty five rods of the works and began to swear at the men: he stood a minute when a ball struck him in the forehead and he fell: Such was not bravery = it was but a drunken insanity and his life was sacrificed with no good to his country Bravery is a noble feeling and brings no degradation to a persons manhood While making a second charge later in the afternoon my right arm was shattered at the elbow and was amputated near the shoulder at ten oclock the same evening State of Michigan County of Macomb On this 15th day of August A.D. 1865 personally appeared before me Judge of the Probate Court for the county of Macomb William M Connor who being duly sworn deposes and says that the foregoing specimen of penmanship was executed by him with the left hand: that he lost his right arm at the battle of Port Hudson May 27th 1863 while a soldier in the army of the United States: that he never to his remembrance attempted to write with the left hand until after he lost the right arm William M. Connor Subscribed and sworn to before me In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of the Probate Court for the county of Macomb at Mt. Clemens this 15th day of August A.D. 1865 T. W. Crocker Judge of Probate NO 12 August 28 1865 Soldier's Specimen, William M. Connor Co "C" 6th Regt Michigan Infantry Residence Mount Clemens Macomb County, Michigan. Lost right arm at Port Hudson, La. May 27, 1863 No. 12 2) Soldier's Specimen. In the spring of 1861 after the 1st & 2nd Mich. Infantry had left the state for the seat of war, Governor Blair conceived the idea of forming a "School of Instruction" at Fort Wayne and accordingly ordered the Officers and Non Commissioned Officers of the 5th, 6th & 7th Infantry to report at the Fort, three miles below Detroit, June 19th 1861. I entered as a Corporal in Co. "C" 6th Regiment. The benefit of the School was fully shown in the early efficiency of those Regiments. August, the 1st all were sent home to recruit for their respective Regiments; the 6th rendezvousing at Kalamazoo under command of Col F. W. Curtenius. The 21st - the 6th was mustered into the United States 1040 strong and on the 30th started for Baltimore, Md. - Our journey was one grand triumph; the citizens receiving us with the greatest enthusiasm along the entire route. Three days brought us to our journey's end and many marched through the city, as if they expected a repetition of the disgraceful scenes of the 19th of April. We occupied what is known as Mc[Knis?] Hill and took the place of the 17th Mass:.- The varied duties of Provost Guard with military inspections and reviews occupied our time until Nov. 14th, when we formed part of an expedition No. 12 3) to that part of Virginia, situated East of the Chesapeake Bay, better known as Eastern shore. The country through which we passed was poor and desolate and ignorance commanded a large premium. On the distribution of General Dix's Proclamation but few were found able to read it. They attempted to prevent the passage of our artillery by falling trees across the roads little dreaming that Yankees knew enough to tear down fences, drive through their fields and leave them to clear their own roads. our force [constituted] consisted of the following Regiments and Detachments under command of Brig. Genl. Lockwood; viz, the 21st Indiana, 2nd Delaware; Purnells Legion of Md.; 5th New York; the 17th Mass:; 4th Wisconsin, and 6th Mich. together with Nims Battery No. 2 from Mass:. _ We went by steamer from Baltimore to Newtown and marched from there to Eastville, passing through Drummondtown, Pungoteague, Bell Haven, and Franktown on the route. On our return we marched back to Pungoteague; landing where we took boats for Baltimore. We returned Dec. 8th much improved in health by the air and exercise. - But six companies of regiment went on the expedition; those remaining had busied themselves in building barracks for our winter use. [While] While in Baltimore we had every comfort, we could wish for, still we were not satisfied. We No 12 4. had enlisted to defend the Government and we wanted to do our part in the work. We were, however, compelled to fare sumptuously and play soldier until Feb. 21st when we were assigned to Genl. Butler's expedition and sailed immediately for Newport News. The expedition was known as the New England Division, but contained three Western Regiments, "the 4th" Wisconsin; the 21st Indiana & 6th Michigan. March, the 4th, the steamship "Constitution came to Newport News after us. The three Western Regiments were put on board together with several detachments from others making about 3500 in all. They calculated to sail down to Fortress Monroe in the night as the Rebels had a powerful battery at Sewell's Point and the boat would have to follow the main channel which runs within easy range. We did not get loaded so as to start until noon the 5th. We expected a salute as they had fired on the vessel coming up. On she rode in all her majesty with the stars and stripes waving proudly as we neared Sewell's Point. When we were almost opposite the rising smoke announced that the work had actually begun; there was a few moments of breathless suspence but soon it whizzed over our heads. Five shots were fired in all and as they were the the first I ever heard, it seemed as though they were aimed directly at me; but since then I have found that they are like some blowing men = a big scare with a very small amount of danger. x+xy+xy(2)+xy(3) = 120 [No 12] [5.] For a few days before leaving Newport News we could see a vessel laying off Craney Island which we supposed to be the Merrimac and which supposition afterwards proved true. March, the 6th we sailed from Fortress Monroe. There being so many of us on board our situation was anything but desirable. Our regiment was in the 3rd hold even with the water's edge with no light or air except what was forced down to us. The afternoon of the 12th we came in sight of Ship Island and its desolate shores gave to all a very unfavorable opinion; for it seemed more like a place of banishment than a haven of rest. Imagine a pile of sand thrown up in Mid Ocean and you have some idea how Ship Island appears. It is a long bank of white sand that is blown before a heavy wind like a Northern snow. The sand was so light that a person would sink ankle deep at every step. When the wind blew, the air was filled with flying sand and at such times it was impossible to cook anything without having it about half sand. The sand would stand in the bottom of the kettles after they had got done cooking dinner an inch or two. The Island is nearly 12 miles long and averages about three fourth of a mile wide. It is divided into two parts which are separated at high tide in spring and fall. For 7 miles on the West End there is not a tree or shrub and from the nearest A + B = a - b +(B/√A)² + (b/√a)² B/√A = b/√a. 2x² 25 - 10x + 2x² 2x² - 10x + 25 2x - 5 ————————- [ x x ] [ y = 5 - x] 4x³ - 20x² + 50x - 10x² + 50x - 120 x4 - y4 = 65 x + y = 5. (x² + y²)(x-y) = 13 point of wood it was 5 miles to the nearest camp. All the wood we used had to be carried that distance by hand of floated along the beach. To find water we had only to dig down anywhere on the Island a couple of feet deep and it would fill immediately with a very good quality. The Island is about 90 miles from the mouth of the Mississippi, but only 70 from New Orleans in a direct route. The city is accessable by two routes; by way of the river and in rear by way of lake Pontchartrain. Both ways were well defended by forts and batteries. The river was defended by fort Jackson and St. Philip situated at a bend on opposite sides 75 miles below New Orleans and 30 above where the river breaks into the Delta's. Fort Jackson on the West bank mounted 80 guns and Fort Philip 40. - On April, the 6th, the mortar fleet under Porter accompanied by the Western Gulf Blockading Squadron under Farragut sailed from Ship Island for the South West Pass. Several days were spent in getting the fleet over the bar and many of the vessels had to unload some of their guns and ammunition before they could cross. Every preparation being completed the 17the they advanced to the neighborhood of the Forts. A few shots were fired by way of a Yankee compliment and the next day pieces of the shells were exhibited in New Orleans. The ground at the Forts is low and marshy, covered with a thick growth of small timber. The masts of the mortar [No. 12] [7] schooners were trimmed with bushes so that off a distance they could not be told from the woods. The vessels were daubed with clay so that they were the same color of the river banks. The 18th the bombardment commenced in earnest and continued night and day until the surrender. Aside from the Forts there was a cable stretched across from Fort Jackson fastened to hulks anchored in the stream directly under the fire of both forts. No passage could be attempted until the cable was destroyed. One dark, stormy night amid the combined thunder of both, fleet and forts a select party attempted the task and the cable was broken, strange to say, without the loss of a man. It matters not how dangerous the undertaking may be or how slight the chances of escape, men can be found who will readily stake their lives on its success. On the destruction of the cable rested the fate of New Orleans and three days afterwards Farragut attempted the movement which has made his name reverenced in every loyal household throughout the land. Above the Forts the Rebels had 15 iron plated Gun Boats. At half past two, the morning of April, the 24th, the fleet advanced in three divisions to attempt a passage. The roar of cannons was terrible, as every available gun belched forth destruction. As many as eight mortar shells could be seen in the air at the same time. Once above the Forts a [No. 12.] [8.] formidable iron fleet had to be overcome be wooden vessels. Destruction was their fate and in their desperation some of the Rebel commanders run their sinking vessels on shore, set them on fire, burning their own wounded. We lost but one vessel and she went down with her pennant flying and the last broadside was fired with the gun carriages under water. While the bombardment was in progress the 2nd Brigade under command of Gen Williams to which we were attached was ordered to Bay Ronde in rear of Fort St. Philip to attack that Fort by storm. During the terrific bombardment attendant to the passage we were where we could see and hear all but know not who was winning. During the passage Farragut occupied his favorite place, a seat in the fore rigging. Since then he has in the same place triumphantly ridden by Vicksburg and Port Hudson and into Mobile Bay. After the passage of the Forts the bombardment was continued by the mortar vessels while the Fleet pushed onward to New Orleans. The rear of Fort St. Philip was a vast marsh and the men had to wade waist deep to reach it. After two regiments had just been landed the Fort surrendered which freed the others from that disagreeable duty. We hastened to the South West Pass and pushed up the river rapidly after the fleet. Madam Rumor had N0 12 9 the river banks lined with Rebel batteries and the fleet advanced cautiously to within 18 miles of the city that day. The distance in a direct line was not near as far. That night the general conflagration gave to it the appearance of a second Moscow. The only battery encountered on the route was a Chalmette, Jackson's old battle ground, where they had a line of works extending from the river on each side to the swamps. The city has been so extended that the old battle ground is now only about 2 miles from its limits and the street cars run to within a half mile of it. At noon, April, the 25th, the Union Fleet anchored off the city. It is built at a bend in the river in the form of a crescent and extends for 7 miles along the levee but does not run back, but about half a mile. Farragut sent Captain Baily, Second in command to demand of the civil authorities the surrender of the city. As the military power had been broken and further business would necessarily be with civilians he carried no flag of truce. The levee was lined with men armed with revolvers who threatened to shoot him, if he landed. With that peculiar grace which a brave man always exhibits in the presence of an enemy he drew his handkerchief and waving it over his head, sprang on shore. That act gained the respect of those who a moment before would have hailed his death with joy. A conference with the Mayor resulted in nothing satisfactorily. He claimed that the City was under military authority, while the military claimed to have evacuated it. No. 12 10. The next morning a company of Marines hoisted a flag over the Mint. During the day a frenzied mob assembled around the building, tore it down and after parading it through the streets with fife and drums divided among the crowd. A shot from a brass Howitzer in the main top of the Pensacola was fired at them but no one was hurt. The papers lauded the act as showing the cool dignity of Southern Chivalry under trying circumstances. William B. Mumford, the one who tore it down publicly boasted of it and dared the Union authorities to molest him. even after we had landed. He did it once too often, for he was tried, found guilty and on the 7th of June executed beneath the place where he tore the flag from. - May, the 1st the troops began to land and the 6th Mich. was one of the first to carry the old flag through the city on its redemption as we marched from the foot of Canal Street to the Mint, which we occupied for quarters. In the emotions of the hour of triumph came the full recompense for all the hardships and privations that we had endured. The city was very filthy and the authorities showed no disposition to clean it. General Butler conceived a plan to do it for them. Two Million and a half Dollars had been contributed by the wealthiest to fortify the city against the Union Army. He assessed each person one quarter of the amount that they had subscribed and with the fund thus raised, hired the poor men to clean the streets. When he left there was not a No. 12 11. cleaner, healthier city in the United States. The yellow fever used to be a regular visitor, but there was not a single case of it that year, although traitors prayed for it in sack cloth and ashes. May, the 8th, the 4th Wisconsin and 6th Michigan started up the river under command of General Williams. Thirty five miles above we landed and prepared for a little march in light order. Our course at first was up along the levee. The weather was delightful and the roads splendid and we flattered ourselves that we are going to have a nice little walk, which would be quite a luxury after being confined so long on transports. Soon our course changed inland and our beautiful road to a swamp and for 3 miles and a half we had to waid waist deep in mud and water. Our progress was necessarily slow and night overtook us in the swamp. We had not gone far before many became unable to endure the fatigue and might be seen all along the route perched up when ever they could get out of the water. At 10 o'clock we reached Frenier, *?* a small Railway station on the Jackson and New Orleans R.R. - Pickets were thrown up and down the road while the men went to work zealously in tearing up the track. A hand car having on board five persons, one of whom was the proprietor of the St. Charles Hotel in New Orleans attempted to run by regardless of the command of the Pickets. Three shots were fired and one killed and three wounded dangerously. The proprietor who deserved to suffer most, escaped unharmed. After 17th - Ward - 279 - 8.4443 - 192 traiters [?] 195 - 3 in excess P. D. 40 -11 No. 12 12. destroying six or seven miles of the road we started up on the river where our steamboats met us. May, the 13th we reached Baton Rouge and marched through the city to the U.S. Arsenal, more for exercise and amusement than for necessity. May, the 15th we took possession of Natchez, and the evening of the 18th reached the vicinity of Vicksburg. We were accompanied by six gunboats; they formed in line off the city while the two boats that carried the troops tied up opposite Warrenton. *?* The gunboats held a series of friendly communications with the enemy in regard to the surrender of the place. We might have taken it but could not have held it with our small force. The place had then but a few fortifications and a light garrison but they immediately began the work which made it the Gibraltar of America. While we lay there our small supply of provisions became exhausted and for several days we had noting except was was sent to us from the gunboats. May, the 26th we started to return. Previous to this we always had a convoy but that day we went unprotected, but the boat that had on board the 4th Wisconsin had two steel rifled cannons, and the one our Regiment was on had two brass howitzers to protect themselves. During the forenoon the boats became separated, one running much faster than the other. At noon we reached Grand Gulf where we were going to stop for a supply of wood. Just before reaching the No. 12. 13 shore while headed up stream a concealed Rebel battery opened fire upon us. To get by we would have to run very close to where it was located. The scene that followed will never be forgotten by those who were on board. The firemen run away from the fires and the Pilot deserted his post, while our engineer backed on his wheel, [while] the other kept his going forward. We were wholly unprepared for an attack and could use but one of the Howitzers, still that one was used very effectively and the soldiers aided materially with small arms. They fired over 60 rounds at us and killed only one man while we killed and wounded several and at one time silenced their battery. We run out of range and awaited the arrival of a gunboat which was expected. On its arrival we prepared to return and attack the place. The arrival of Gen. Williams suspended operations and his prudence would not let us attempt a landing until the place had been shelled and a white flag raised over it; but then the bird had flown. In reconnoitering the surrounding country at dusk Lieut. De Kay of Gen. Williams Staff encountered a guerilla who from his hiding place in the bushed fired two [shots] charges from a double barreled shotgun at him which caused his death some months afterwards. His death was mourned by the entire Brigade for his genial disposition made him a favorite with all. May, the 29th we reached Baton Rouge. The day previous while a small boat was going from the shore to one of the sloops a guerrilla band rode down to the levee and fired into it. The gunboats opened fire, damaging the city but injuring none of the guilty. We were detained at garrison No. 12 14. [of] to the place. On the night of July, the 25th, four companies of the 6th Michigan and two of the 14th of Maine with a company of cavalry and two pieces of Artillery made a raid of 15 miles into the interior. About daylight the men became so fatigued that they could scarcely march and wanted to stop to rest and make some coffee. Just then the rattle of musketry ahead told us that our skirmishers had found them. No man was tired or hungry then! Companies "C" & "E" of the 6th were forwarded on the double quick to support. On coming to the Amite *?* River we found them posted on the opposite [shore] bank. The banks were high and our Artillery was brought into position. We fell back out of sight, pulled off our shoes and pantaloons, came up on a run and waded the river in the face of their fire. On reaching the shore we threw down our clothes and drove them from their position. The citizens of Baton Rouge expected a general attack on the city long before it was made. In almost every garden large holes were dug and the valuables buried. They had holes dug to crawl into in case of a fight. General Williams found out by intercepted letters when the attack was to be made and had his troops composed of 7 Regiments as follows: 30th Mass,; 14th Maine; 9th Conn.; 7th & *?* 4th Wisconsin; 21st Indiana; and 6th Michigan posted in position ready to receive them; the 2d, 4th, and 6th Mass. batteries occupied prominent points in the line. At half past 3 o'clock in the morning of August, the 5th, a Division under Breckenridge opened the attack with a No 12 15 charge. For 10 miles they had come through woods to avoid our scouts, hoping to surprise us. Seven desperate charges were made on the right and centre held by the 6th Michigan and 21st Indiana; those seven charges were repulsed and four successfully made. Four companies of the 6th Michigan repulsed a Brigade and charging them before they could rally, captured two pieces of Artillery and the colors of the 4th Louisiana. The citizens expected a triumphant entry of the Rebel Army and made great preparations to give them a feast. The keeper of the Penitentiary a professed loyal man boiled several barrels of pork and baked a proportional amount of bread to feed them with. He found customers for all he had and I have a faint idea of one hungry soldier enjoying his benevolence after 8 hours hard fighting. Breckenridge made a speech to his men and told them they would dine at the State House. Many of them did, but as prisoners of war. Our Army was so debilitated that we thought we could not offer much resistance. On parade the 6th Michigan could not turn out over 150 strong; to fight Breckenridge it turned out over five hundred men. The citizens went out to aid them and many were killed with arms in their hands and parols in their pockets. General Williams fell in the hour of victory, shot through the heart. He was not a popular Officer except in the hour of danger. During the heat of battle his bravery mantled every fault and endeared him to his soldiers. He No 12 16 fell forward to the foe cheering on his men and many a bronzed cheek was moistened with tears when he gave his life for his country. His body was sent to New Orleans on a boat loaded with wounded. [His body] It collided with a gunboat and was sunk; drowning the wounded. His body was on a plank on the hurricane deck and floated off as the boat went down. The next day it was found 10 miles below. General Van Dorn concentrated his forces at camp Moore and threatened New Orleans, and the forces at Baton Rouge were withdrawn to its defences. In January we went on an expedition under command of Gen. Weitzel to Berwicks Bay, West of New Orleans on the Opalouses R. R. - The 14th in cooperation with the gunboats under Com. Buchannan we attacked the Rebels who with the powerful Ironclad gunboat "Cotton" held a position on the Tesche which had been obstructed by sinking scows filed with bricks and rubbish. We forced them to destroy her, but it cost many precious lives among which was Com. Buchannan. Regardless of personal safety he ordered his boat to the nearest point that could be reached where he effectively assailed the Iron Monster and with his glass on the hurricane deck directing the movements became a target to the enemy's sharpshooters. Dec. the 14th. - General Banks's expedition reached New Orleans and he assumed command. - Many regarded General Butler as too severe in his dealings with traitors and thought more conciliatory No 12 17. means would be better. No other man could have so successfully controlled the passions of New Orleans; they hated him but feared and respected his firmness. When we landed a soldier could not pass through the streets without being insulted. The men were bad enough but the women were worse. On meeting one or more in the streets they would try to spit in our faces. We had Union flags in different parts of the city that hung out over the sidewalks; on coming to those they would pass into the middle of the street regardless of mud rather than walk under them. General Butler saw that this state of affairs could not exist long. The Army would not endure it and he sought to tame them. He did it and although he has been denounced both in this country and Europe for the issue of his famous woman-order; yet so few words have never been productive of so much good. After the order had time a soldier was no more liable to be insulted in New Orleans than in any orderly city in the United States. We brought order to a "city" where for a score of years in times of times of the most profound peace human life "was scarce safe at noon day." March, the 24th, after two successful engagements, the 6th Michigan aided by the 165th New York and 2 companies from the 14th Maine and 177th New York advanced to Pouchatoula and fortified Manchac *?* Pass connecting lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain. May, the 18th, the 6th Michigan sailed from Kenne *?* to participate in the attack on Port Hudson. The troops were landed at Springfield Landing some ten miles below No 12. 18. Port Hudson and marched in rear to invest the place. May, the 21st, the first engagement was fought outside the fortifications, and the 27th the first general assault was made. Our force was what is known as the 19th corps under General Banks divided into four Divisions of about six thousand effective men each under command of Maj. Gen. Augur and Brig. Generals T. W. Sherman, Grover and Weitzel. The 6th was in the 2nd division under Sherman. The 27th he sent to the 6th for 50 volunteers for a "forlorn hope"; the men responded willingly. I volunteered as one of the party; on counting it was found that 68 had volunteered. They then called for Eighteen of the number to volunteer to stay and fight in the Regiment but not one could be had. After a man had volunteered in such a party he would not want to be thrown out as his friends at home not knowing the circumstances might think that he had disgraced himself. Respect for those at home and a remembrance of what was done by the patriotic ladies throughout the North for their comfort aided largely in making our army what it was. In relating the circumstances to General Sherman he allowed the entire 68 to go. Most fortifications had a deep impassable ditch in front, For a charging column to attempt to cross such a place would be but a sacrifice of life. The object of the "Forlorn hope" was to carry up material to bridge the ditch so that the Division could cross without stopping. Could we have accomplished the object even though every one had been killed, it would have saved hundreds of lives in the Division. The party laid aside everything that could hinder No 12. 19 and carried only their guns and one hundred rounds of ammunition. At precisely two o'clock in the afternoon the combined assault was made. The "Forlorn hope" advanced in groups of four, five pace apart - each man carrying a board seven or eight feet long and a couple wide or two, bearing a long pole. My course was up an old road down which were three heavy guns constantly firing. If I ever watched anything anxiously in my life it was those guns, when one flashed I dropped as soon as the charge passed over I up and on - some of the grapeshot cut my clothing. When the advance was made no one could be seen around the Rebel works save the few who worked the guns, but as we approached they glistened with armed men to contest our crossing. When within about ten rods we had orders to lie down to avoid a raking fire; five minutes afterwards when the orders came to again "forward" only eight out of the sixty eight were able to respond. In less than a half minute I was shot three time, one of which shattered my right arm at the elbow. During the afternoon I received three shots more. For two hours I lay under the fire of both armies. I thought I had been where bullets flew before but until then I never was where they came by the bushel. Where our party lay down, the lines of killed and wounded were perfect. Some imagine that the shrieks of the wounded and groans of the dying are terrible upon a battle field. It is all fancy! The neighing of wounded horses, the roar of artillery, the rattle of musketry, the yells of deadly charges and the shouts of victorious hosts that repulse those charges go to make up the discordant sounds of a battle. No 12 20 When a man is shot he sinks down without a murmur and his nearest comrade scarcely knows it. Some conscious that their hours are numbered die praying alike for friend and foe; others exhibiting their true natures curse everything that is good till death comes to ease the ears of their comrades. One receives the fatal wound that must enable him for life and his hearts rends in anguish for his family; another whose ambition has been blighted, weeps because he can no longer fight. Some hear in the screach of every shell and the whiz of every bullet the summons of the grim messenger - Death!; others under the inspiration of duty are dead to every surrounding danger! To be a participant kills half its horrors but to be an unwilling, idle spectator is revolting. I never heard so much profanity in any three months of my life as I did in that short afternoon! Drunkenness is the worst curse of a battle field and multiplies its horrors! - Some Officers dare not risk their reputation on their own personal bravery and drink till they know no fear. That afternoon a drunken officer jumped upon a log in full view of the works and began to swear at the men. For a minute he stood regardless of danger, then a ball struck him in the forehead and he sank! Such was not bravery; it was but a drunken insanity and his life was sacrificed with no good to his country. Bravery is a nobler feeling and brings no degradation to a persons manhood. The attack was repulsed at every point. The 6th Michigan gained a position within 25 rods of the works and held it. No.1 12 21. until after dark when they were ordered to withdraw. While I was on the field I did not feel the loss of blood, but as soon as I was entirely out of danger I could not sit up without fainting. At 10 o'clock the same evening my right arm was amputated near the shoulder. Early the next morning I was taken by ambulance to Springfield Landing and from there by steamboat to Baton Rouge. Midway between the battlefield at Port Hudson and Springfield Landing the Sanitary Commission had a station, where they supplied the wants of the wounded as they passed. And never was human kindness now fully appreciated than by those who were made the recipients of their benevolence. On losing my right arm my first thought was to learn to write with the left hand. I commenced practicing with a lead pencil the next day, and in the corner where my bed was located the wall was written as high and as far as I could reach each way. A second attack was made on Port Hudson, June, the 14th but no particular advantage was gained. A few men succeeded in crossing the works, but were taken prisoners. One of those captured succeeded in getting an old rebel uniform and in the disguise visited all the prominent points inside the fortifications. Then swam the river in the night and escaped by their pickets. He reported where their only grist-mill was located; the batteries directed their fire on the point and the mill was burned and after that they had to eat corn on the cob. Three ears per day was a ration for a man. After two unsuccessful attempts to carry the place by storm, every power was brought into requisition to secure the No 12 22.) success of a regular siege. During the middle of the day the heat in the trenches was scarcely endurable. An agreement was entered into between the Rebel soldiers and ours that for certain hours during the heat of the day they would not fire at each other unless a general advance was made. During these hours they would often meet mid way and hold friendly conversation and often used to eat together. People may say as much as they will of the practice, yet it was conducted on principles of honor and robs war of half of its horrors. July, the 6th, the official report of the surrender of Vicksburg was received and read to each Regiment. Then came such a celebration as Port Hudson had never witnessed before. The good news was told to the Rebel soldiers, and General Frank Gardner, their commander, sent to General Banks for something reliable in regard to the surrender. General Banks sent him General Grant's dispatch. He returned it, saying that he had defended the place as long as was consistent with his duty as a soldier and offered to capitulate. Terms were agreed upon by chosen commissioners and on the morning of July, the 9th, our victorious Army entered the fortifications which for 52 days they had been laboring zealously to capture. The possession of Vicksburg and Port Hudson gave the Rebels command of the Red River trade which aided so largely in supplying their Eastern Armies. With the fall of one the other became useless. The success of their trade was materially affected by the success of Farragut's daring feat - running the No. 12. 23. gauntlet of the Port Hudson batteries the night of March 14th, 1863. The bluffs are perpendicular by eighty feet above high water mark and for 4 miles were lined with powerful batteries. To get by a vessel would have to be under fire for several miles. After seeing the place the wonder is the greater that any wooden vessel could have successfully passed. The Flagship "Hartford" and the "Albatross" did it. Two large sloops were disabled and the "Mississippi" lost her bearings, turned the bend too soon and grounded under the fire of all their guns. She could not be got off and was destroyed to prevent her from falling into their hands. That night I was at Kenner one hundred and fifty miles from Port Hudson but could hear every gun distinctly. The works in rear of Port Hudson were of themselves insignificant and could be ridden over in most places by Cavalry and Artillery, but the natural position of the ground made them impregnable to an attack. After recovering from my wounds I rejoined my Regiment at Port Hudson in September. Although the place was high and abounded in springs of clear water, yet it was very unhealthy and I became one of its victims, December 22d. After a severe prostration I accepted a discharge but did not fully recover my health for a year afterwards. Four years from the day that the 6th Regiment left the State it returned to it in triumph, the object for which it volunteered having been gloriously accomplished. No. 12 24. At the general election of 1864 I was elected County Clerk by the soldiers vote for the County of Macomb and State of Michigan. By the decission of the Supreme Court of our State that vote was rejected and after holding the office four months, I was ousted. - The foregoing remarks have been penned with no extra care or pains and the penmanship is without artificial aid or disguise which I suppose is what you desire. William M. Connor. Co "C", 6th Regiment, Michigan Infantry. next meeting 30th. Pres. Walker Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.