Feinberg/Whitman Literary File Poetry File "For Queen Victoria's Birthday" (May 24, 1890). Printed Copy Box 27 Folder 6The Critic Tenth Year Vol. XIII. No. 334 New Series The Critic, No. 431 Good Literature, No. 489 New York, May 24, 1890 The Critic Co. Single Copies, Ten Cents $3 Per Year, in Advance Ready This Morning Stanley's Own Article on "The Emin Pasha Relief Expedition," appears in Scribner's Magazine for June. This article, which fill more than thirty pages of the magazine, is the first authoritative word from Stanley'. own pen upon this, the most important of all his expeditions - Mr. Stanley reviews some of the chief incidents of his exstraordinary journey, the conduct of his officers, the attitude of Emin Pasha, Nelson's starvation camp, slavery in Africa and what can be done to subdue it, etc., etc. The illustrations are made from Stanley's own photographs and sketches, and consist of eight full-page engravings and many smaller ones, much of the material dealing with a part of the country never before visited by a white man. The Number also contains: The city House (East and South). By Mr. Russell Sturgis. Being number two in the "Homes in City and Country" series. Abundantly illustrated. Jerry. Part I. of an anonymous serial novel of a very exceptional interest, by a new author. Barbizon and Millet. Completing the article begun in the May number. Illustrated. The Rights of the citizen - "As a User of Public Conveyances." (Third of the Series.) By Hon. Seth Low, President of Columbia College. Amateur Track and Field Athletics. By Charles P. Sawyer. In The Valley. Serial by Harold Frederic. Illustrated by Howard Pyle. Rosamond. A dramatic poem by Barrett Wendell. The Point Of View. - The travel Habit. - The origin of Antipathies. - Treatment for a Defective Sense. - Genius and Ethics. "The publishers of this Magazine aim at obtaining the best articles, the best illustrations, and the best typographical results, and it is no disparagement to others to say that they achieve what they aim at." - The Boston Herald. Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. The Sauveur Summer College of Languages. (Removed from Amherst, Massachusetts, and Oswego, New York, to Burlington, Vt.) Fifteenth Session. July 9th to August 19th. For Board and Rooms Address Miss H. L. Burritt, Burlington, Vt. "The Sauveur Summer School of Languages has come to be a recognized factor in the educational work of this country." - The Critic. For catalogues of the School, and circulars of Dr. Sauveur's Educational Works, Address, Dr. L. Sauveur, Copely Terrace, Roxbury, Boston, Mass. Monuments. We arrange original and characteristic designs for work in granite, stone, marbles, etc. Bronze Portrait-reliefs and Figure-subjects a specialty. Designs should be decided upon at once for any work to be set this season. J. & R. Lamb, 59 Carmine Street, - New York. Memorial Windows, Stained Glass and Church Decoration. Designs and Estimates Submitted. The Tiffany Glass Company, 333-335 Fourth Avenue, New York. Roberts Brothers New Books Miss Brooks: A Story By Eliza O. White, author of "A Browning Courtship." 16mo., cloth, $1.00 A charming story of life in and about Boston. Fame and Sorrow And Other Stories. By Honora De Balzac. Translated by Miss K. P. Wormeley. 12mo, half russia, uniform with our edition of Balzac's Works, $1.50. Note. - This was the title (Golire et Malheur) under which the story was first published in 1830. The name was changed in 1842 to La Maison du Chat-qui-pelote. The awkwardness of the title in English (The House of the Cat playing ball) leads the translator to use the original name given by Balzac. In addition to this remarkable story the volume contains the following, viz.: "Colonel Chabert." "The Atheist's Mass," "La Grande Bretèche," "The Purse," and "La Grenadière." Four New Volumes of Summer Reading, in Paper Covers, 50 Cents Each. Inside Our Gate. By Christine Chaplin Brush. A Woodland Wooing. By Eleanor Putnam. Albrecht By Arlo Bates. Chata and Chinita. By Louise Palmer Heaven. These charming stories are too well know and popular to need further description. Roberts Brothers, Boston. Attractive Homes at Harrington, New Jersey, On the West Shore R. R., 17 Miles from New York. Houses built from plans and specifications made by Vaux & Co., Architects. Lots to contain about 11,250 square feet. No lots for sale without houses. Property will be carefully restricted. Plans will be ready about the middle of June. For full particulars application may be made by letter to S. Carman Harriot, Jr., office of Greenwich Fire Insurance Co., 161 Broadway, N. Y.; or personally to J. Edward Goles, 127 East 16th St., N. Y. ii The Critic Number 334 A TONIC. Horsford's Acid Phosphate, A most excellent and agreeable tonic and appetizer. It nourishes and invigorates the tired brain and body, imparts renewed energy and vitality, and enlivens the functions. Dr. H. K. CLARKE, Geneva, N.Y., says: "It has proved of great value for its tonic and revivifying influence." Dr. J. H. STEDMAN, West Brattleboro, Vt., says: "Best nerve tonic I ever used." Descriptive pamphlet free. Rumford Chemical Works, Providence, R. I. Beware of Substitutes and Imitations. CAUTION:- Be sure the word "Horsford's" is printed on the label. All others are spurious. Never sold in bulk. EDUCATIONAL. MARYLAND. Maryland, Annapolis. ST. JOHN's COLLEGE, 101st Session commence. 18th September. Eight Departments and Four Courses of Study. Buildings heated by steam. Terms moderate. For catalogues, address the Presidents THOMAS FELL, L.L.D., Ph.D. NEW HAMPSHIRE. New Hampshire, Hanover. CHANDLER SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND THE ARTS. Hanover, N. H. Address the President, or Prof. E. R. RUGGLES VERMONT. Vermont, Brattleboro, 4 North Street. MISS SAWYER'S SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Every advantage in Greek, Latin, French, and German. Terms $50 per year. The Tariff IS ABLY DISCUSSED BY EMINENT Protectionist AND Free Trade SPECIALISTS IN LALOR'S POLITICAL CYCLOPAEDIA, OF WHICH JAMES G. BLAINE WRITES: "I use it almost daily for reference, and regard it as a model." FOR DESCRIPTIVE PAMPHLET, WRITE TO CHARLES E. MERRILL & CO., PUBLISHERS, 52 & 54 LAFAYETTE PLACE, NEW YORK. ANNOUNCEMENT. THE AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY. (INCORPORATED.) NEW YORK. CINCINNATI. CHICAGO. BIRDSEYE BLAKEMAN, President. ALFRED C. BARNES, Vice-President. HARRY T. AMBROSE, Treasurer. GILMAN H. TUCKER, Secretary. DIRECTORS. CALEB S. BRAGG, Chairman. WM. H. APPLETON, HENRY B. BARNES, WM. W. APPLETON, BIRDSEYE BLAKEMAN, DANIEL APPLETON, GEO. R. CATHCART, ALFRED C. BARNES, A.H. HINKLE, CHAS. J. BARNES, DAVID B. IVISON, HENRY H. VAIL. The American Book Company is a stock company incorporated under the laws of the State of New Jersey for the purpose of carrying on the manufacture and sale of books. Its places of business are at Nos. 806 and 808 Broadway, New York, 137 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio, and Nos. 258 and [260?] Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Ill. The American Book Company has purchased the school-book publications hitherto issued by D. Appleton & Co., A.S. Barnes & Co., and Ivison, Blakeman & Co., of New York; and of Van Antwerp, Bragg & Co. of Cincinnati. The company with faithfully carry out all contracts entered into by these respective firms for the publication and supply of these books. The text books which have thus been acquired by the American Book Company have been intimately associated with the history of educational progress of this country for over half a century, and the company will devote its best efforts to sustain the great reputation these lists have achieved. To this end it will seek the aid and co-operation of educators and authors in maintaining the quality and accuracy of its publications, and in the preparation of such new and original books as the progressive demands of the schools shall warrant. The company is organized in the interest of a reasonable economy in the production and sale of schoolbooks, and it will employ its capital, its combined labor and experience to produce books of the highest quality at the least cost, and will offer them at the lowest price at which similar books can be sold in any country. It will pursue an open, direct, business policy toward competitors, customers, authors, and patrons. It seeks no monopoly and invites an open and honorable competition, with respect both to quality and to price of books for use in schools. The publications assumed by the company have hitherto received a large share of public patronage. The publications assumed by the company have hitherto received a large share of public patronage. The company hopes to merit a continuance of the same. THE AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY. NEW-YORK, CINCINNATI, CHICAGO, May 15, 1890. G.P. Putnam's Sons, 27 and 29 West 23rd St., N.Y. RECENT PUBLICATIONS: Nelson and the Naval Supremacy OF ENGLAND. By W. CLARK RUSSELL, author of "The Wreck of the Grosvernor," "The Life of William Dampier," etc., with the collaboration of Wm. H. Jaques, late U.S.N. [12mo,?], fully illustrated. Cloth, extra, $1.50; half[?] morocco, uncut edges, gilt top, $1.75; large paper (only 250 numbered copies printed, with extra illustrations), $3.50. The "Nelson" forms the initial volume of the new series, "Heroes of the Nations," which is under the editorial supervision of EVELYN ABBOTT, M.A., Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. Curiously enough, no one of the previous biographers of Nelson had any personal knowledge of the sea, and S[?]uthey, whose memoir has shown the most enduring popularity of all, was probably entirely ignorant of nautical matters. Mr. Russell's narrative, on the other hand, while carefully studied as to the facts and the history, is as breezy and as briny and as fully of stirring incidents and dramatic situations as any of the best of his stories. "No romance could possess a deeper interest, and certainly none could reveal a more thorough mastery of material or an imagination more entirely cooperating with the purpose and knowledge of the writer. The story is told with a spirit and in impulse which carry the reader along from page to page without pause or break to the very end." -- Christian Union. STORY OF THE NATIONS. XXVIII. The Story of Russia. By W. R. MORFILL of Oriel College, Oxford. Very fully illustrated. [12mo,?] $1.50. "Mr. Morfill has some eminent qualifications for the task he has undertaken -- a thorough knowledge of Slavonic languages and literatures, a sufficient training in critical methods, and an interest in current European politics which is active and yet not biased by party partisanship. . . . He has produced a book which does credit to his industry and care, for it evidently represents a minute and intelligent study of the most recent native writers, as well as considerable acquaintance with the old chronicles." -- Speaker, London. XXVII. The Story of the BARBARY CORSAIRS. By STANLEY LANE POOLE, author of "The Story of Turkey," "The Moors in Spain," etc. With the collaboration of Lieut. J. D. Jerrold Kelley, U. S. Navy. [12mo,?] illustrated, $1.50. "He has produced a volume at once creditable to his literary sense and his historical knowledge, and at the same time of absorbing interest and value to any reader who will take it up." -- N. Y. Times. The Garden, as Considered in Literature by Certain Polite Writers. With a critical essay by Walter Howe. With Portrait of William Kent. (No. XXVI. In the Knickerbocker Nugget Series.) $1.00. "A book that will especially delight all who are fond of gardens and gardening, and who take a certain pleasure in enjoying nature when treated by man as a work of art." -- Boston Home Journal. Liberty and a Living. How to Get Bread and Butter, Sunshine and Health, Leisure and Books, without Slaving away One's Life. By P.G. HUBERT, JR. [16mo,?] cloth, with frontispiece, $1.00. "It well presents the attractions and compensations of unconventional living, the unsatisfactoriness of many imagined social necessities, and furnishes a picture of living on next to nothing in a year which cannot fail to attract lovers of nature and liberty." -- Christian Intelligencer. Modern Horsemanship. A New Method of Teaching Riding and Training, by Means of Pictures from Life. By EDWARD L. ANDERSON. Fourth edition, revised and enlarged, with forty photogravure plates. [$3.50.?] "The rules and directions are so plainly stated and are so admirably illustrated by photographs from life that an intelligent reader will have no difficulty in putting them into practice." -- N. Y. Tribune. A Midsummer Drive Through THE PYRENEES. By EDWIN ASA DIX, M.A., ex Fellow in History of the College of New Jersey. [12mo,?] cloth, extra, illustrated, gilt top rough edges, $1.75. "Seldom does a book of travel come to our table which is so much like a trip itself as this one is. Upon closing the last leaf we feel as if we had been with the writer." -- Public Opinion. *.* List of Spring publications and prospectus of the Heroes Series sent on application. May 24 1890 The Critic 255 The Critic Published Weekly, at 52 Lafayette Place, New York, by THE CRITIC COMPANY. Entered as Second-Class Mail-Matter at the Post Office at New York, N. Y. [*?] NEW YORK, MAY 24, 1890. AMERICAN NEWS COMPANY general agents. Single copies sold, and subscriptions taken, at The Critic office, 52 Lafayette Place. Also, by Charles Scribner's Sons, G. P. Putnam's Sons, Brentano's, and the principal newsdealers in the city. Boston: Damrell & Upham (Old Corner Book-store). Philadelphia: John Wanamaker. Chicago: Brentano's. New Orleans: George F. Wharton, 5 Carondelet Street. Denver, Colorado, C. Smith & Son. London: B. F. Stevens, 4 Trafalgar Square. Paris: Brentano's, 17 Avenue de l'Opéra. Rome: Office of Nuova Antologia. --------- Literature Tolstoi's "Kreutzer Sonata"* One hardly dares speak of 'The Kreutzer Sonata.' It is like a moral earthquake, shattering the very foundations on which society is built, and causing the ground to crumble beneath our feet. So daring a treatment of a daring theme has never before been attempted in literature. Nothing has ever been given to the world quite like this tremendous object-lesson projected on the canvas in colossal proportions with every shadow deepened, every line magnified and brought into appalling relief. The hero, Posdnicheff, has murdered his wife and been acquitted on the ground of her supposed infidelity to him. He tells his own story—his life before marriage, neither better nor worse than that of most men; sowing his wild oats, harmlessly as he believed, because he did not allow himself to be entangled, and always with the ideal of love and marriage before him when he should meet the woman worthy of him. At the age of thirty, he meets her; in other words, 'the traps are laid for him,' he says. One of these, a trip in a boat decided my future. I made up my mind at the end of the aforesaid trip one night, by moonlight, on our way home, while I was sitting beside her, I admired her slender body whose charming shape was moulded by a jersey, and her curling hair, and I suddenly concluded that this was she. It seemed to me on that beautiful evening that she understood all that I thought and felt, and I thought and felt the most elevated things. Really it was only the jersey that was so becoming to her, and her curly hair, and also the fact that I had spent the day beside her, and I desired a more intimate relation. The next day he made his offer of marriage and was accepted. The wedding takes place; there are the disillusions of the honeymoon, and on the fourth day the first quarrel. The impression of this first quarrel was terrible. I say quarrel, but that term is inexact. It was the sudden discovery of the abyss that had been dug between us. Love was exhausted. . . . We stood face to face in our true light, like two egoists trying to procure the greatest possible enjoyment, like two individuals trying to mutually exploit each other. . . . Her whole face expressed hatred—and hatred of me. I cannot describe to you the fright which this sight gave me. 'How? What?' thought I, 'love is the unity of souls, and here she hates me.' But in reality there never had been any question of 'souls.' Marriage based on the physical plane can only continue on the same plane, with alternate attraction and repulsion until the whole life is a network of falsehood and perversion. And where does the fault lie? With the man or the woman? With both or with neither, perhaps; but deep down in the essence of society, in the underlying idea and principle which governs the mutual relation of the sexes—the unacknowledged but tacit assumption that woman was made for man. Every sort of feminine education has for its sole object the attraction of men. . . . From her infancy she is taught only those things that are calculated to increase her charm. Every young girl is accustomed to think only of that. As the serfs were brought up solely to please their masters, so woman is brought up to ------- * The Kreutzer Sonata. By Count Leo Tolstoi. Tr. by Benjamin R. Tucker. $1 Boston: B. R. Tucker. attract men. . . . Women, especially those who have passed through the school of marriage, know very well that conversations upon elevated subjects are only conversations, . . . and that the noblest and most poetic love, as we call it, depends not on moral qualities, . . . but on the manner of doing the hair, and the color and shape of the dress. . . . No woman lives by her own life; they are all dependent upon man. Such reflections as these by the way, and the narrative rushes on without mercy. There are no graces and flowers of style; every phrase is a blow of the sledge-hammer, scattering dangerous sparks. Posdnicheff becomes madly jealous, enraged with every man who enters the house, or looks at his wife. Endless and without cause are the disputes, the opposition, the mutual provocation and contempt. Not a bond of sympathy is left, not a point of moral or intellectual contact. Five children are born in rapid succession, causing added separation instead of reconciliation. Then the wife ceases to bear children and blooms out into fresh beauty and strength. 'She had acquired that provoking beauty which stirs men,' says her husband. 'The very sight of her was enough to frighten one. She was like a spirited carriage-horse that has long been idle, and suddenly finds itself without a bridle.' The universe with all its joys seemed to open out before her, and love, still the chief of them, but not the love she had known in marriage, with its disenchantments and sufferings. 'Love with a husband polluted by jealousy and ill-nature was no longer he ideal. She began to think of some other tenderness. . . . She looked bout her as if expecting some event, or some being. . . . At least that is what I thought," says the wretched Posdnicheff. Naturally the occasion arrives. The match was laid; any spark could fire it. A musician is introduced into the house, an insignificant man, but whose ways are insinuating. Hating him from the first, and desperately jealous, yet driven by a sort of fatality, Posdnicheff receives him graciously and encourages him to come often to his house, and make music with his wife. He is a violinist, and she accompanies him on the piano. One evening, Beethoven's 'Kreutzer Sonata' is selected. Posdnicheff works himself into a fever of exaltation. He feels himself transported into an unknown world. New sentiments, new potencies seemed to be revealed to him. But all this is irritating, exasperating, he says. 'To incite an energy of feeling which corresponds to neither the time nor the place and is expended in nothing, cannot fail to act dangerously.' And from this moment, he is possessed by a fury. Blind and resistless forces take hold of him, impelling him to destruction. Whether or not the wife is guilty, we have no clue to discover, for the husband is bereft of reason. All is so swift, and yet each step so deliberate, so strangely and acutely conscious as the catastrophe approaches. We fly along without touching the solid ground, as in a hideous nightmare, never pausing until, with Posdnicheff, we find ourselves face to face with the murdered wife, who dies without forgiving him. The story closes with frightful calm. 'Only when I saw her in the coffin did I understand all that I had done. I understood that it was I, I who had killed her. I understood that I was the cause of the fact that she who had been a moving, living, palpitating being had now become motionless and cold, and that there was no way of repairing this thing. He who has not lived through that, cannot understand it.' But we realize that out from this black despair, this overwhelming sense of misery and guilt, for the first time, the consciousness has dawned upon him that this body which lies still and cold before him was endowed with a soul, and that it is the soul he has killed. The spell is broken, and with a shock we are brought to our feet. The terrible sweep of human passion has borne us along, and we have had no time for comment or protest. Brutal truths have been flung at us from every page, and yet, at the end, we cry out: 'It is not true!' For there is another truth; the gospel of the spirit as well as the gospel of the flesh. To say that marriage is an imperfect relation is simply to say that it is a relation between imperfect human256 The Critic Number 334 beings, not yet come into possession of their higher individuality. But marriage is not therefore perdition, and even Toltsoī's ill fated pair might have found a solution if they had been willing to seek for one somewhere in their better selves. The very statement and recognition of failure in any given case proves that there exists a higher ideal which may some day come to be a reality; and this, surely, not by the extinction of that vital and creative force which is the source of our being, but rather by the wise disposition and control of its indestructible energies. Despite his marvellous genius, his flashes of insight, his tragic intensity of purpose and conviction, Tolstoī can never be a true guide and mast. His book will be a stumbling-block and a pitfall, not helping men to walk aright. As we said at the beginning, it leaves the world in ruins, a chaos and a darkness. He alone is a teacher who can build as well as destroy, who 'holds up a torch for mankind' causing the light to shine in dark places. The New Psychology * THE ACTUAL conception of psychology as a science of fact–its data being those of facts–requires that its treatment should be serious, searching and severely critical, like that used toward other sciences. A settlement of the common claims of psychology and metaphysics, the subject of long and bitter contest, becomes a matter of importance, in consequence of the recent and rapid development of psychology on the lines of the new conception. The conditions of this adjustment may be shortly stated as requiring, on the one hand, empirical investigation, unfettered by dogmatism or preconception, to precede rational interpretation, which, on the other, should be 'free in its own province; since progress from the individual to the general, from the detached fact to the universal meaning, can be secured only by the judicious use of hypotheses, both metaphysical and speculative.' It is 'in the interest of this adjustment' that Prof. James Mark Baldwin finds a plea for his 'Handbook of Psychology.' Many of the works 'which are yet used as introduction and support to the philosophy taught in the universities' were written before the 'new conception,' and are not representative of the science in its present state. The plan of the 'Handbook' is to set forth the 'rich and popularly little known methods of psychometry, psychophysics, and neurology,' and to endeavor, 'whenever hypotheses of their ground and bearing upon the mental life have been advanced, to suggest and estimate them.' Three chief classes of facts in the mental life are recognized, which express the results of three distinct functions–Intellect, Feeling, and Will, and which Dr. Baldwin calls: 1st, Representative or intellectual states; 2d, Affective, or states of feeling; 3d, Volitional, or states of will. Beside the common characteristics (Consciousness and Attention), Intellect only is treated of in this volume; the Emotions and Will are reserved for a second one to be published 'in the near future.' Dr. Baldwin defines intellect as the faculty of knowledge. The intellectual functions are the apperceptive and the rational. The first includes presentation or acquisition– sensation and perception: representation,–conservation or memory, combination or association, imagination and illusions, and elaborations, or thought; the second, reason, which is 'the constitutive, regulative principle [activity ?] of mind so far as it is apprehended in consciousness through the presentative and discursive operations,'–a definition with a metaphysical flavor to which many objections might be taken, and which is scarcely clear and specific. Better is the statement, that reason, in its knowledge aspect, 'is not a process; it conditions and underlies all mental processes, it is the nature of mind itself as it reveals itself in consciousness,' though this is open to exception. The chapter is the least satisfying in the work, and should be expanded. *Handbook of Psychology: Senses and Intellect. By James Mark Baldwin, [?] 2.25. New York: Henry Holt & Co. The 'Handbook' will be differently valued as its readers' inclining may be towards one or other psychological school. The modern school, which is making such rapid headway, and may be called the dominant one, sneers at all metaphysic methods, as obscuram per obscuras, and as little profitable as eating soup with a fork; it seeks the solution of all psychic problems by physiology and physics. Dr. Baldwin's book will have short shrift from its disciples, who will condemn it on the ground of shortcomings, outworn creed, and prepossessions. To such as are willing to receive the contributions the students of modern psychology offer in profusion, and reserve their consent to interpretations until sufficient and convincing data have accumulated to warrant safe deduction, the 'Handbook' will be acceptable. A true psychology should be both objective and subjective–founded on introspection as well as experimentation, and undoubtedly Dr. Baldwin's position is correct. Thorough equipment, full knowledge up to date of his subject, in general well digested presentation, cautious valuation, and honest intent in interpretation, entitle the author's work to respectful praise. If there are, occasionally, seeming inconsistencies, if some sentences are of uncertain sound, if there be lack of clear and full exposition, these are faults probably due to enforced compression in the treatment. There is much valuable material availably and not unattractively packed in small room. At the end of each chapter there are abundant references to current books and monographs, which if not always put to profit in the text, show the road to the student, who will find the 'Handbook' a good and safe introduction to the problems of psychology. "Bright Skies and Dark Shadows" * ORDERED OFF on a vacation, the indefatigable editor, writer and traveller this time chose Dixie's Land as the scene of his rambles. As usual, his pilgrim's wallet is packed full of the spoils of his saunterings. The remarkable 'sixth sense' (that of the interesting) which Prof. Roswell Hitchcock attributed to Dr. Field, is here seen in its full exercise. It is nothing that the traveller moves over beaten tracks, for somehow he contrives to tell the old stories once again with surprising freshness. Down through the Quaker City, and over the Tennessee mountains, he marches through Georgia, and is captivated by the people. He hears the palms whisper to the pines in Florida. He eats a New England dinner under the orange-trees, and after givingus a chapter that has the after-dinner-speech flavor of Forefather's Day, he plunges into the darkest Africa to be found in America. He hews his way through the thorny thickets of the Negro problem, and for a while seems so utterly lost as to himself need a rescuer. Frankly, we may say it, he gets out safely, but hardly helps us to settle the problem of the black belt. He does not come back shorn, but he seems to leave the wool where it is likely to remain from some generations to come. Except as interesting reading, his discussion of the black problem is hardly a success. The Battle of Franklin is vividly described and so are the last days and resting-place of Andrew Jackson. The second Jackson, of 'stonewall' and 'foot cavalry' fame, is given a chapter that is really a contribution to the history of the War; the map as well as much of the literary substance being furnished by Major Hotchkiss of Staunton, Va. The final chapter takes us into the cemetery again, where, like the typical American that he is, Dr. Field leads us pretty often to amuse us. The book is fittingly entitled, and is full of the most delightful writing. It is redolent with a charm the secret of which the editor of The Evangelist seems to have long possessed. We wonder, however, whether the good Presbyterian Doctor of Divinity carried his Bible along with him. Some of his Scripture quotations must be from memory; for neither in text nor margin of either authorized or revised edition of Holy Writ do we find *Bright Skies and Dark Shadows. By Henry M. Field. [?]1.50. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. May 24, 1890 The Critic 257 some of the sentences he encloses between quotation-marks. One is positively funny; for example, to say nothing of the tenses, just imagine that master-maker of riddles, Samson, 'giving himself away' beforehand to the Philistines in this style (p. 85): 'Out of the lion, cometh forth meat, and out of the strong cometh forth sweetness.' As usual, there is no index, where there ought to be one. "The Voyage of the Beagle" THE MOST INTERESTING of all travels are those written by naturalists who combine descriptive powers with habits of close observation, and interweave with the daily diary and the recurring menu the silken threads of original research. The Life of Linnæus is the most fascinating on this account. Haeckel's Indies are like no other man's in the world. How brilliantly vital becomes the Malay Archipelago when seen through the eyes of Alfred Wallace! Was there ever a more delightful tramp than Lady Brassey, who was a skilful botanist as well as a genuine artist in words? The wanderings of Humboldt and Kingsley are classic. All these men and women have written the most charming books of their kind, because their books are not so much filled with themselves as charged and surcharged with their subject,–the infinite variety, the infinite plenitude of animal and vegetable life on the globe, and the assemblage of this life under the burning glass of a quick and penetrating intelligence through the medium of which men may see and understand it. The memorable 'Voyage of the Beagle', in 1831, with Darwin on board, made one of the epochmaking series of volumes of which the world has but few. This voyage consumed five years, and it was almost an accident that Darwin happened to be a member of the party. Happy accident indeed! Not an 'angel' but a 'giant' happened to be 'entertained unawares' by the tars of H. M. S Beagle a ten-gun brig bound on the scientific jaunt to all sorts of strange islands and archipelagoes in her sinuous course round the world. What an invaluable series of lehr-Jahre to the great scientist who started on his revolutionizing career almost as that other great scientist and revolutionizer, Goethe, was closing his eyes forever on the vast and curious world around him. The object of the expedition was to complete the survey of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego commenced under Capt. King in 1826 to 1830,–to survey the shores of Chile, Peru, and certain islands of the Pacific,– and to carry a chain of chronometrical measurements round the world. The precious fruits of the voyage were afterwards scientifically discussed by Prof. Owen in his Fossil Mammalia, Mr. Gould (Birds), Mr. Waterhouse (Living Mammalia), Mr. Jenyns (Fish), and Mr. Bell (Reptiles). Darwin himself drew from the rich store of facts which he and his colleagues had collected, and published a succession of admirable volumes, such as those on 'Coral Reefs,' 'Volcanic Islands,' and the 'Geology of South America,' while the Insects were treated by many able naturalists, and Sir John (then Dr.) Hooker incorporated the plants in his great work on the Botany of the Southern Hemisphere. But the charm of this delightful voyage consists not in the multitude of philosophical and scientific discussions which it called forth and with which the transactions of various learned societies are littered: it is rather to be looked for in the intimate personal glimpses it gives of Darwin's character and manner of life when, as a young Alexander, he started forth with new worlds to conquer. Even then his intellectual bent was apparent; his gifts had crystallized; his ambitions were definite; his thirst for research and for ingenious theorizing was insatiable. Up and down the South American pampas he wanders, not merely collecting megatheriums and mylodons, fossil quadrupeds and migratory glow-worms, but endeavoring with all his might to explain the strange animals and plant and insect life that swarmed beneath as well as *The Voyage of the Beagle. By Charles Darwin. New edition. [?]5. New York: D. Appleton & Co. above the ground. Out at sea he meets trails of phosphorescence and a snow-storm of butterflies, and then sails into a zone dense with the gossamery films of the flying spider. Immediately he sets to work to explain to himself and to his readers, with careful notes and contemporaneous observations, what all these tropic and antarctic phenomena mean. He cannot sail laboriously up the estuaries and rivers of Patagonia, or stop over night at a remote estancia in Buenos Ayres, or converse with a half-wild gaucho,–the centaur of the plains,–without eliciting hitherto unknown facts about geological structure, or the flora and fauna of the prairies, the habits of the guanacho, the llama, the condor, or the tropic beetles. Over his journal are scattered many prophetic anticipations of 'The Origin of Species.' This book, like Saadi's ant, collects the food for future writers of thought and discovery. In its picturesque zigzag about the globe it explored the Straits of Magellan, the curious Galapagos Archipelago, the ravines and waterfalls of Tahiti, and Mauritius, most beautiful of mountain-ringed islands. Nothing escapes the lynx-eyes of the naturalist,–the humming birds of Valparaiso, the frozen carcases of animals found in Tierra del Fuego, the pottery and shells of Peru, the missionaries of New Zealand, or the grand gulf-like valleys of the Blue Mountains of Australia. Lagoon islands, atolls in the Pacific, volcanoes in the Cordilleras or the Andes, the infusoria beds of Brazil, the ravages of imported rats in new countries, or Indian ruins: any and all of these topics seem equally suggestive to Darwin, and he spins over the whole a web of intelligible theory, a world of acute observation through which one is able to look as through a spy-glass and see and understand nature as never before. Darwin's preface to this work is dated 1845; John Murray's prefatory note to the new edition is dated 1889; yet the book is as fresh as if written yesterday. "Flowers From A Persian Garden"* SINCE the days of Sir William Jones, Oriental poetry, like Oriental porcelain, has grown more and more fashionable. Vast literatures had developed around the Hindu-Kush which up to this time had been virtually unknown in the West. All of a sudden it was discovered that Saadi had sung, and Jāmī had philosophized, and Firdausi had written epics huge and masterful as Iliad and Odyssey. The plains of India were show to be as fertile in poets as those of Lombardy had been in painters: for every Italian belltower there was a beautiful Persian minaret to match it, for every 'Mona Lisa' or Transfiguration, there was a love song or a rose-song brilliant with all the eccentric rhythms of the East. Persia had her Shiraz as Hellas had her Athens. The lid had been lifted from a life of extraordinary vividness, revealing the jewelled verse of Omar Kháyyám and all that singular and lovely work which was passed by Sir Edwin Arnold through the glittering sieve of his translations. Eastern poetry was seen to be no less strange and delightful than Eastern architecture, and its variety was endless. Mr. Clouston, the compiler of the present volume, is one of the Europeans who went to sleep and awoke in this magic garden– a veritable Gulistan; and he conveys its enchantment to us in the 'flowers' which he has transplanted, flowers as weird as coal-black calla or the foamy efflorescence of the new-born Japanese chrysanthemums. Several of his introductory chapters are studded with vases and jars of them gathered from the poems of Saadi, who lived to be a hundred and (like Mol ère and Socrates) rejoiced in a shrewish wife. Saadi's Oriental wisdom is found in these specimens to be full of the land where it was born,–full of musk and moonlight, of sugar (a Persian word) and nightingales; but its sweetness is tempered with a delicious acidity, with a fleeting humor that tingles on the tongue like the taste of tamarinds. He translates poems and aphorisms, Marcus Aurelius-like maxims, and sly taunts that suggest La Rochefoucauld. *Flowers from a Persian Garden. By W. A. Clouston. [?]1.75. New York: Scribner& Welford.258 The Critic Number 334 Elia asks 'if ghosts can laugh.' These translations—the 'transferred ghosts' of Saadi's wit—certainly smile. But Mr. Clouston does not confine his gleanings and discoveries to the Persian. Many dainty Turkish things are found in his cornucopiae as well; and folk-tales with a quaint denouement, and Indian apologues wonderfully wise and witty. The figure-loving Easterlings are found to be full of sense: none more so than the rabbins, whose odd learning is multifariously quoted by the author. The legends, tales and fables of the Talmuds, the 'moral and entertaining' discourses of Rabbi Jochonan, the stories of Biblical characters apocryphally attached to Adam and Eve, Solomon and Abraham, are no less amusing than the Tútí Náma, or Parrot-Book and the Arabian love tales from which Mr. Clouston draws many a bright page. The East indeed is the home of story, parable and allegory ; and here they may be found in choice selection in this elegantly bound volume. ______________________ Poetry and Verse* 'IN THE MORNING' (1), by Willis Boyd Allen, is an attractive little book of unpretentious and simple verse, a good part of which is religious in its feeling. The best thing in it is this : Two sorrie Thyngs there be,— Ay, three : A Neste from which ye Fledglings have been taken, A Lamb forsaken, A petal from ye Wilde Rose rudely shaken. Of gladde Thynges there be more,— Ay four : A Larke above ye olde Neste blithely singing, A Wilde Rose clinging Is safety to ye Rock, a Shepherde bringing A Lamb, found, in his arms,—and Chrys'emesse Bells a ringing. 'Gettysburg, and Other Poems' (2) is the title of a collection of verses by Isaac R. Pennypacker. Some of these have already done service in Longfellow's 'Poems of Places.' The Gettysburg poem was read on the battle-field last September, the occasion being the dedication of the Pennsylvania monuments. ' Tacey Richardson's Race' is a spirited piece of narrative verse, and seems to us rather better than anything else in the volume. 'The Human Epic' (3), by John Frederick Rowbotham, is being published one canto at a time. After reading Canto I., which contains ninety-six stanzas of nine lines each, we are glad that the author did not spring the entire epic on us at once. Here is stanza XCI :— Zosna and Zuben, Zaurac and Schedar, Mirzam, and Adara, and Rasalhay, Serpha, and Sadalmelik's golden star, Spica, the gentle beamer far away, Dispensing soft around its tinselled ray, Alkez, Mosalsala, Hamall, Aleeth, Crimsoned Antarcs, Kochab ruddy grey, Pale-twinkling Alazal, and flashing Skeath— All looked from heaven upon the slumbering earth beneath. There are several stanzas as goo as this. Th resources of astronomical nomenclature are endless. Mr. Rowbotham would write more amusingly were he to get to his material out of a London Directory. Mr. Alfred Robinson of San Francisco has written something which he labels 'California: a Poem' (4). The Poem ends with the title, Mr. Robinson should join the Kansas community of curious choristers : he has the right kind of style. To their excellent series of 'English Classics for Indian Students,' Messrs. Macmillan have just added Milton's 'Samson Agonistes' (5), edited, with a carefully written introduction and a very complete of notes, by Prof. H. M. Percival, of Presidency College, Calcutta. 'Heroic Ballads' (6) is a recent addition to Ginn, & Co.'s Classics for Children. It contains sixty-eight selections from half as many poets, and is edited with many valuable notes by D. H. Montgomery, who has supplied several others in the series. A new volume in Bohn's Standard Library is 'Goethe's Reineke Fox, West-Eastern Divan, and Achilleid' (7), translated in the original metres by Alexander Rogers. The translator has supplied introductions and notes, but he has not infused much poetical feeling into his translations. The latest number of Effingham Maynard & Co.'s English Classic Series is Shelley's 'The Skylark, and Adonais' (8) edited with explanatory notes by J. W. Abernethy. A brief biographical sketch of the poet serves as an introduction. 'Four Songs of Life' (9) is the title of a small pamphlet containing four poems, two of which are called Voices of Faith, and the others Voices of Doubt. Whittier's 'Burning Driftwood' and Tennyson's 'Crossing the Bar' are the first : Matthew Arnold's 'Dover Beach' and the W. E. Henley's 'Out of the Night that Covers Me' are the second. Mr. Thomas Nelson Haskell of Denver, the author of 'Young Konkaput, the King of Utes, and Occasional Poems,' is evidently an amiable man, possessing the qualities which make friends. This inference may be safely drawn not only from the tone and purport of his verses, but from the tenor of the laudatory notices which, reprinted from the Denver journals, come to us with the book. Yet such is the weakness of human nature that, among all his friends, not one has been willing to take the risk of annoying him by telling him the simple truth—which most of them must have known—that his verses were not worth publishing. It is true that they have only one serious fault, but 'that is a thumper.' The metre is generally correct, the sentiments are unexceptionable, and the descriptions are doubtless true to nature. But the verses are not poetry. In all but metre and rhyme, they are the flattest of prose. The worthy author has simply made the common mistake of supposing that his love poetry implied a talent a talent for composing it. An interesting study in dialect is made in Mr. H. L. Fischer's 'Kurzwell un Zeitfertreib,' a collection of ballads and poems in Pennsylvania 'Dutch.' Pennsylfaani ! ich lieb un loob un ehr's: Pennsylfanni ohne's Deustch was weer's ? exclaims one of its admirers. The poem in this little booklet are numerous and entertaining, and contain poetry as well as dialect. It is astonishing to see how well the pre-Revolutionary Hessian and other dialects have preserved themselves in these remote nooks of mountain Pennsylvania : vowels are doubled, consonants are softened, spellings are changed, but still the German is essentially and easily recognizable and the old folk-spirit and folk lore linger tenaciously. A needful glossary accompanies the collection, which illustrates with examples the subject of Pennsylvania survivals so exhaustively treated by Prof. Learned in The American Journal of Philology. ___ *1. In the Morning. By Willis Boyd Allen. $1. New York : A. D. F. Randolph & Co. 2. Gettysburg, and Other Poems. By Isaac R. Pennypacker, 75 cts. Phila.: Porter & Coates. 3. The Human Epic : Canto I. By John Frederick Rowbotham. London: Kegan, Paul, Trench Trubner & Co. 4. California : a Poem. By Alfred Robinson. $1.50. San Francisco: William Doxey. 5. Milton's Samson Agonistes. Ed. by H. M. Percival. 60 cts. New York: Macmillan & Co. 6. Heroic Ballads. Ed. by D. H. Montgomry. 50 cts. Boston: Ginn & Co. 7. Goethe's Reineke Fox, West-Eastern Divan, etc. Tr. by Alexander Rogers. $1.40. New York : Scribner & Welford. 8. The Skylark and Adonais. By P. B. Shelly. 12 cts. New York : Effingham Maynard & Co. 9. Four Songs of Life. New York : A. D. F. Randolph & Co. 10. Young Konkaput, the King of Utes, etc. By T. N. Haskell. $1.50. Denver: Chain, Hardy & Co. 11. Kurzweil us Zeitfertreib. By H. L. Fischer. $1.50. York, Penn.: Fischer Brüder. ___ Recent Fiction 'A STUDY IN SCARLET,' by A. Conan Doyle, is a clever detective story followed by a weak and inconsequent sequel. An amateur who has studied the detective business scientifically, analyzing poisons, classifying clues and comparing stains and traces, is, for a time, nonplussed, together with the professionals who seek his aid, by a simple, every-day murder. The Scotland Yard men set out each on a theory of his own. Each meets with strong confirmation of his conjectures, and each in turn seems to have solved the mystery, when, on comparing their discoveries, they find that both have been blundered. Meanwhile, the amateur, Sherlock Holmes, has been prosecuting various inquiries in various ways, and succeeds finally in catching the right man. Up to this point the tale is one of absorbing interest, not unworthy of the author's new-found reputation ; but the story of the murderer, the scene of which is laid in Utah, comes flat and stale. It is evident that Mr. Doyle is much better acquainted with London than with the Great Salt Lake, and with English policemen than with Mormon saints and sinners, (50 cts. J. B. Lippincott Co.) —WE SUPPOSE that the success of 'Looking Backward' is in part answerable for the publication of 'Cæsar's Column.' It foreshadows a dreadful state of affairs at the end of the next century, when the luxury of the 'governing classes' will have reached a prodigious development, and when the working classes will have become correspondingly hopeless and debased. All the social machinery will be in the hands of a single man—a Hebrew financier ; and, no open opposition being possible, a vast anarchistic secret society will prepare a bloody revolution against his rule. The author, who calls himself Edmund Boisgilbert, M.D., displays the imagination, the range of knowledge and the command of language of an ordinary newspaper reporter. ($1.25. Chicago : F. J. Schulte & Co.) May 24 1890 The Critic 259 IN THESE DAYS, when that fine old collection of fascinating stories called the Apocrypha lies neglected and unread, we must be thankful for one who enters the treasure-house and brings us out handfuls of jewels. Alfred J. Church, Professor of Latin in University College, London, who is already so well-known for his well-told stories of classic days, has been studying especially the books of the Maccabees, one of which at least possesses the great merit of having been written near the time to which it relates. Mr. Richmond Seeley has constructed the outlines of a spirited story, with finely progressive plot, and Mr. John Jellicoe, entering into the spirit of the literary builders, has furnished eight suggestive illustrations. Mr. Church has, from his abundant familiarity with the background of the situation, filled in the outline with lively dialogue and moving incident. He has made very real to us the heroic Jews who fought so bravely against the aliens in order to rescue their native soil from the invader and the true faith from the Hellenism that threatened to destroy it. 'The Hammer : A story of the Maccabean Times' is not only lively in plot, incident and dialogue, but will help a boy to understand pretty well a part of that period which is apt to be a blank to the average Sunday-school scholar. One period , at least, the four centuries of silence between Nehemiah, or Malachi, and Matthew, is here lighted up with the story of Jewish patriotism and courage. ($1.25. G. P. Putnam's Sons.) 'DJAMBEK, THE GEORGIAN' is called a 'Tale of Modern Turkey' : but it is Asiatic Turkey that the author means, for the hero only leaves his native province for the neighboring Russian territory, to return to it with a Russian army. Djambek, a young Georgian landed proprietor, falls in love with the grand-niece of his Pasha—a bewitching damsel, who has been educated at a French school in Trebizond, and has quite modern and Western notions of woman's rights. His love is returned, but he loses the Pasha's favor by insisting on reforms which the latter is too indolent to carry out. He plans on elopement, but is caught and clapped in prison. The extortions of the subordinate Turkish officials drive his countrymen to revolt. They release Djambek, who aids in maintaining a guerrila warfare on the borders until the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish war brings him a Russian commission and an opportunity to regain the charming Thamar and to pay off old scores. There is a plenty of stirring adventure and of picturesque description. The translation from the German original of A. G. von Suttiner has been well made by H. M. Jewett, American Council at Silvas, Turkey. In a short introduction Mangasar M. Mangasarian labors to correct the impression, which the books is calculated to make, that Turkish rule is an unmixed evil. (50 cts. D. Appleton & Co.) IN 'PACTOLUS PRIME' Judge Tourgée has spoiled what might have been a notable pamphlet on the Negro question and what might have been an interesting story by mixing them up together. The intelligent boot-black, with far more of white than Negro blood in his veins, is made to argue cleverly in favor of complete social equality for the millions of full-blooded Negroes in the United States. But the story of his life does not reinforce his arguments except so far as they relate to those who are in most respects rather white than black. Prime's intelligence, his courage, his success in money-making are shown to be traits of the family which formerly owned him. He brings up his daughter as a white woman. His very color turns out to be not natural, but the result of a peculiar surgical operation. All this lessens the force of his diatribes against 'white Christianity,' while these delay and confuse the story. Another fault is a rhetoric which might be in place in a stump-speech, or perhaps in Congress, but which reads both tame and stilted. Nevertheless, the book holds the attention well, and may stimulate thought. ($1. Cassell Pub'g. Co.) DR. JAMES M. LUDLOW'S 'Captain of the Janizaries : A Story of the Times of Scanderberg and the Fall of Constantinople,' of which we published a favorable notice on April 17, 1886, when it made its first appearance (from the press of Dodd, Mead & Co.), has been put upon the market a second time. Its striking cover, in blue, red and gold, now bears the name of Harper & Bros. ($ . ) —IF THE TITLE 'Prince Lucifer' gave no clue to the character of the yellow-covered novel it is printed on, the legend beneath the frontispiece would suffice to do so : '"Whats dat red streak down yo' face ? Blood ?" Peg Patton rubbed her hand across the stain. Her fierce eyes were all ablaze.' After this we need not be told that the author, Etta W. Pierce, is 'the American Ouida.' (25 cts. Mrs Frank Leslie.) BARRETT WENDELL, author of 'The Duchess Emelia' and other novels, has a long poem in dramatic form in the June Scribner's, entitled 'Rosamond.' Magazine Notes The Atlantic for June has a valuable article on the 'Eight-Hour Law Agitation,' by Gen Francis A. Walker, who, while sympathizing with the desire of the working classes for greater leisure and recreation, maintains that the conditions of production do not justify the movement, which is unjust to the minority of laborers and too sudden to be successful. Charles Dudley Warner, in a thoughtful paper. 'The Novel and the Common School,' points out the need of having these schools foster a taste for good literature, and that the neglect of literary training in them accounts for the popular taste for poor fiction. 'The Turn of the Tide,' by H. W. P. and L. D., gives a view of the last days of paganism in Rome, in which St. Ambrose and Symmachus are the chief figures. Mrs. Deland's 'Sidney' develops increased interest. Agnes Repplier has a sprightly and humorous plea for a vanished element in our higher fiction, entitled 'A Short Defence of Villains.' In 'An Athenian Journey,' an anonymous writer, with the 'Idylls of the King' as a guide, traces the course of the hero through the scenes which they depict. Hannis Taylor has a valuable paper, 'The National House of Representatives : Its Growing Inefficiency as a Legislative Body,' in which active cabinet representation is urged as a remdy. Dr. Holmes, in 'Over the Teacups,' has some bright remarks on intellectual over-feeding and its consequence, mental dyspepsia, and says of the application made to him by a Western young man for a list of the books likely to be most useful to him :—'He does not send me his intellectual measurement ; and he might as well have sent to a Boston tailor for a coat, without any hint of his dimensions in length, breadth and thickness.' 'Cart Horses' are instructively dealt with by H. C. Merwin. Mrs. Annie Fields has an inspiring poem, 'The Pathless Way.' There is an appreciative review of William Morris's 'House of the Wolfings.' The Contributors' Club comprises 'Liverpool Glimpses' and 'A Slip of Coleridge's.' The June Cosmopolitan has an interesting article on 'Farm Life and Irrigating in Persia,' by S. G. W. Benjamin, who describes the underground canals that bring the water from the foothills of the mountain-ranges to the villages and farms that would be uninhabitable without it. The system may offer some points to be copied in any scheme of irrigation to be adopted in our own arid regions. The article is illustrated. Allan Forman discourses on 'Soft Crabs, Canvasbacks, and Terrapin.' Lafcadio Hearn gives his impressions of the half-breed races in the West Indies, particularly in the French islands, and tells of the rise to power of the colored element of the population. Elizabeth Bisland, in her 'Flying Trip around the World,' has reached Japan, and revels in its tea-houses and theatres, its crapes and paper lanterns. Wm. S. Walsh gives a curious account of 'Some Curious Prophecies,' and John Heard, Jr., of meteoric stones, 'Fragments of the Stars,' Dr. Edward Everett Hale, in 'Social Problems,' discusses the emigration problem at the South ; and Murat Halstead writes of tornadoes, new gold discoveries, Stanley, and the accident to the City of Paris. In a paper (with portraits) on 'The Leading Writers of Modern Spain,' Mr. Rollo Ogden reports the existence of 'an increasing body of writers of unusual merit in their respective departments whose fame has already grown to be coextensive with the Spanish language, and is beginning to leap over the barriers of foreign tongues. In Macmillan's for May, Prof. Goldwin Smith sketches the political life of Wm. Lloyd Garrison as 'A Moral Crusader.' He credits him with the crusading spirit, but acknowledges that the great Abolitionist was an extremist and almost a fanatic. W. Warde Fowler, in 'Getting Ready : A March Day's Diary,' gives us a picture of early spring in the neighbourhood of Oxford. Arthur Montefiore has a short account of the life of English boys who go out as 'pupils' to Florida orange-grovers. John Fyvie writes of Wither, who was called by Ritson the British Bævius, and who was loved by Lamb. 'Some Passages in the Life of Hamish Macgregror,' son of Rob Roy, give an unromantic but very interesting account of the treachery and double-dealing of certain of the Scottish Jacobites among themselves. Someone Utters 'The Cry of the Parents' against over-discussion of the subject of education ; and J. D. Rees tells the world probably as much as it cares to know of the doings of 'Prince Albert Victor in Travancore.' The English Illustrated for May has for leading article a trifling account of 'Transatlantic Trifles,' by Sir Julian Goldsmid. The things which Sir Julian remarked in his journey across our continent are the manners of the waiters, the ugliness of Chicago, the quickness of growth of our new towns, the waste of timber and the size of California big trees. An essay by Albert Fleming on Dürer is illustrated with portraits and reproductions of some of the best known Dürer prints. James Runciman describes 'Some Board School Children' of the poorer districts of London, with pictures by Hugh Thompson. Archdeacon Farrar has some sensible remarks on 'Fasting.' There is a short story of Huguenot times,260 The Critic Number 334 'For the Cause,' by Stanley J. Weyman ; and 'The Ring of Amasis' is concluded. London Letter WHEN an Englishman has made up his mind to be festive, the pluck which carries him through many another hazardous enterprise is not to be daunted by cheerless skies and a falling barometer. Saturday last was as chilly a day to body, soul, and spirit as could well be imagined, but merrily dashed the special train down to Dover, bearing a freight of enthusiastic and rejoicing passengers, eager to be the first to give a welcome to the African explorer, who was to return that afternoon from his perilous mission, after an absence of a little more than three years. Within ten minutes of the arrival of the party, smoke in the offing proclaimed the approach of the expected steamer from Ostend, and presently the two yellow funnels became more distinctly marked as the boat rapidly clove the smooth water, and made for the pier. On the deck stood Mr. Henry Stanley, a proud man at the moment. Standing on a higher level than the group surrounding him, he was of course at once perceived and recognized; a deafening outburst of cheers mark- ing the precise instant of recognition. Stanley looked well, but - as is only natural-somewhat worn and aged since he departed three years ago from our midst. His hair was whitened, and there are heavy lines about his sunburnt fact; altogether he presents the appearance of one who has endured much and suffered much; who has, in the words of Thomas Carlyle, 'lived much.' Whatever may be the motives, hopes and desires which prompt him to devote himself to a career fraught with hardship and beset with danger, it is certain that he fulfils his part of every contract with a dogged determination to succeed which is in itself praiseworthy; and if a thirst for renown should be, as is frequently asserted, the dominant passion of his breast, what else sent Hannibal across the Alps, Christopher Columbus across the Atlantic, Napoleon far and wide over Europe? It does not do to pry into the pockets of would-be heroes. Perhaps it hardly does to pry into the pockets of defunct statesmen, but on the whole, Cecil, Lord Burghleigh, the great minister of Queen Elizabeth, comes off well enough in the new instalment of his papers which his descendant, Lord Salisbury, has just given to the public. The value of the Cecil correspondence to the student of men and manners in the Elizabethan era can hardly be overestimated, and certainly this fresh portion of it is equal in all respects to those other parts which we have already had. The period now covered by the Calendar is that from 1583 to 1589, and when our readers learn that the bulk of the papers deal with the Scottish affairs, at that period of most intense and exciting interest, they will need no other inducement to peruse them for themselves. All kinds of curious and quaint details regarding the captivity of the hapless Mary, Queen of Scots, -- the whimsicalities, the oddities, the pedantry and absurdity of her son, the 'King Jamie' who afterwards became James I, of England, -- and anecdotes and descriptions of many others with whom these personages are connected, all help to form a picture of the times, graphic in itself, and of special value as falling from the pen of such an observer. Will Mr. O'Brien's rather find, but undeniably foolish, book raise dust, or not? That is just what I cannot say. 'When We Were Boys' sounds sufficiently harmless, nay almost idyllic, -- and the tale begins pleasingly enough with the orthodox departure of the little son of the house to school, with all little Ken Rohan's adventures and misadventures, fallings in love and fallings into mischief, -- but bye-and-bye when we come to that terrible 'motif' which seems as if it must lurk in every innocent-looking volume nowadays, the story is at an end, and thenceforth Mr. O'Brien simply puts his own view of his 'most distressful counthrey' and her most distressful affairs before the public. It would not, however, be fair to judge this production by the most popular living Irishman, 'the darling of the Irish race,' by an ordinary standard. It was written when in prison, and when doubtless mind an heart were strained to a high pitch of nervous excitement. Consequently much that would doubtless have been eliminated in a cooler moment has been allowed to stand. Had 'When We Were Boys' been cut down one half, it would not have suffered from any point of view. But what a delightful volume emanates from the same publishing house (Messrs. Longmans) -- namely, "The House of the Wolf.' And why has it been given such a title, and such a cover? 'The House of the Wolf' lay on my study table for over a week, without being opened by any one; and this was due solely and entirely to its un-tempting exterior. It looked like a boy's book, or a girl's book; like an old-fashioned 'story-book,' in short. At length a rumor reached me of something racy, clever, well written, -- something which those who once took up were unable to lay down again. I read, and fell a victim to one of the brightest, briskest tales I have met with for long. Dealing with the Eve of St. Bartholomew, it portrays that night of horror from a point entirely new, and we may add, relieves the gloom by many a flash and gleam of sunshine. Best of all is the conception of the Vidame. His character alone would make the book live. Mr. Rudyard Kipling is having a regular 'romp' among the editors and publishers. He is in luck to have caught the public fancy just as the literary world, and every other world, is gathering together for the fray, and may pick and choose among the best houses in London, whom he will condescend to honor with his presence during the next months. I congratulate him heartily. He has not been puffed and pushed into notoriety, but has won his spurs by his own merits; and it is a pleasant thought that in all probability he will go on giving to the world for many years to come those 'Plain Tales' and 'Ditties' which have brought him such immediate and widespread recognition in his early youth. L.B. WALFORD. Boston Letter A good deal of interest is felt here in the project for erecting a statue of John Eliot, the Apostle to the Indians, in the square which bears his name, and which is associated with his ministerial labors. He was one of the few Protestant missionaries who had the power over the red-man which was possessed by the Jesuits, and his translations of the Bible and other books into the aboriginal tongue are monuments of his industry and zeal for the faith. The fact that he anticipated the best methods of our time in dealing with the red-men, and inculcated the abandonment of roving habits and of tribal authority as essential to the development of their character, shows how far he was in advance of his age. Prominent Bostonians interested in the projected statue have been much pleased with a group representing Eliot preaching to the Indians, by John Rogers, sculptor of the famous statuette groups, which is in his studio at No. 14 West 12th Street, New York. The Apostle is shown, Bible in hand, exhorting the red-men; and there are two figures, one of an Indian brave in his war-dress and another of a young woman, which represents respectively the opposing and favoring elements to his cause. The group is full of vigor and suggestiveness. Eliot wears the Baxter gown over his tunic, and the Bible is a fac-simile of the Indian Bible owned by Dr. Elsworth Eliot of New York (representing the sixth generation from the Apostle), whose assistance has been of much value to the sculptor. Mr. Rogers is a Bostonian. Mrs. William B. Claflin, wife of ex-Gov. Claflin, has written an entertaining book entitled 'Brampton Sketches,' which gives a vivid and truthful picture of the life of an old New England town about seventy years ago. In this town the author's grandfather used to live, and she has gathered her material from personal observation and conversation with the old residents. Some of the sketches have appeared in The Christian Union. The book abounds in graphic descriptions, and is written in a simple and unaffected yet entertaining style. An illustration depicts one of the characters of the town --old Billy Buck, who has lost his reason,--in his quaint, disordered garb, bare-headed, and with hair flying, gesticulating earnestly in a field to imaginary auditors. He was preaching to the corn-stalks, and when they bent over and rustled in the breeze, he thought they were applauding him. Messrs. T Y. Crowell & Co. have the book in press. Especial interest attaches to the town described in these sketches because it was the summer home of Sir Henry Frankland, the courtly Collector of Boston in Colonial days, whose romantic adventures inspired Dr. Holmes to write his poem 'Agnes' and furnished to Mr. Bynner the suggestion for his picturesque novel 'Agnes Surriage'. In the days referred to by Mrs. Claflin, the historic manor-house in Hopkinton was still standing, and she tells its story and records the fact that she used to go there with picnic parties. In this house were interesting relics of Sir Henry Frankland --his rapier, bent by the mass of earth in which he was buried at the earthquake of Lisbon, from which he was rescued by Agnes Surriage; and the silver laced coat, the sleeve of which in her agony the gay companion of his journey bit through. In a book of unique design, Elizabeth A. Allen, a lady of Hoboken, N. J., has taken the Christian names of distinguished men, and to each appended a sort of versified sketch of the character, either original or selected. Thus, under Alexander, we have Humboldt, Petion, Wilson, Pope, etc.; and Gabriel Rossetti's verses are quoted in connection with the benevolent Alexander of Russia. The title of the book, which is in the press of T. Y. Crowell & Co., is 'Gold Nails to Hang Memories On.' As the sub-title expresses it, it is a 'Rhyming Review under their Christian Names of Old Acquaintances in History, Literature and Friendship,' and the references are alike interesting and appropriate. May 24, 1890 The Critic 261 Two books by Mrs. Sarah K. Bolton, author of 'Poor Boys Who Became Famous,' 'Poor Girls Who Became Famous,' etc. are soon to be published by T. Y. Crowell & Co. Their titles are 'Famous European Artists' and 'Famous English Authors.' Mrs. Bolton's books have a wide popularity. I hear that Mr. Nathan Haskell Dole is writing a volume of biographical sketches entitled 'A Score of Famous Composers.' The original MS, was destroyed in the last great fire in Boston, and the work, which is illustrated with interesting portraits, has involved a good deal of research, principally among Italian, German and French authorities. The author was for six or seven years musical editor of the Philadelphia Press, and is an amateur musician. The cover of his book is illustrated from the score of an ancient MS. Here is a list of the composers dealt with: Beethoven, Bach, Handel, Gluck, Palestrina, Purcell, Mendelssohn, Meyerbeer, Mozart, Von Weber, Schumann, Glinka, Spohr, Schubert, Berlioz, Rossini, Liszt, Haydn, Chopin, and Wagner. One of the most interesting books of the season is the Memorial of the First Church at Quincy, which has been called the church of statesmen, from its association with the Quincys, Adamses, and Hancocks, and the thirty-five admirable illustrations giving portraits of these and other worthies and views of historic buildings add to the attractions of the volume, of which a small edition has been placed on sale with Damrell & Upham. Mr. Percival Chubb, who returns to New York to-day, has made a very favorable impression here by his lectures on literary and economic subjects. I hear his address before the Harvard Finance Club on 'Contemporary Socialism in England' highly spoken of. He has been visiting Cambridge as the guest of Prof. William James. Boston, May 19, 1890 Alexander Young. The Lounger Any one who went to All Souls' Church last Sunday morning in the hope of hearing a sensational sermon on 'The Problem of Our City Government,' must have been wofully disappointed. Dr. Heber Newton's discourse was entirely free from personalities. Tammany Hall was not mentioned in it, and not a word was uttered to warrant any one of the 'big four' who might have been within earshot in feeling that the preacher's shafts were aimed especially at him. The sermon was simply an exposition of the way in which the people of New York are misgoverned, and the extent to which they suffer from evils by no means irremediable in their nature. Our poverty in all that goes to make a municipality what it ought to be, and what it is when citizens of the better sort make their influence duly felt in public life, was strikingly contrasted with the richness in this regard of great European cities, such as Berlin, or smaller ones, of which Glasgow may be taken as the type, where problems as difficult as any the New Yorker has to solve are worked out in a way to shame us by the comparison. Dr. Newton's presentation of the facts was as convincing as it was dispassionate, --all the more convincing for being so free from intemperance of thought or utterance. It was notably eloquent, nevertheless, and must have awakened in the minds of those who listened to it that realization of their own responsibility in the premises which is the first condition of reform. What the preacher pointed out were, he believed, but functional disorders in a body politic still free from radical disease. To-morrow's sermon will be devoted to 'The Causes and Remedies of Our Misgovernment.' 'A NICE QUESTION of literary ethics,' says the London Globe, ' has frequently been discussed in certain circles this week. The facts are simply these. It happens that a writer, who has come suddenly into very general request, has as is usual in similiar cases, been receiving more demands for his services than he can well supply. Probably there are few men in the same position who would not proceed to raise their prices immediately. But the author referred to has spread them out in an unprecedented manner, and seems to be intent on avenging all the poor authors who have been compelled by booksellers to serve at painfully low wages. Is it moral, some one has asked, to put on the screw quite so heavily?' I should say it was, and that it would be equally 'moral' to put it on ten times as heavily, if that were possible. The author has a right to get every penny he can for his work, and the suggestion that he ought to take a penny less is laughable. It isn't as if he had a monopoly of something indispensable to the public good. He has created the demand for his own work, and there is little danger of his getting more for it than it pays to give him. GEN. DRUM is a conjunction of name and title that has amused many a reader of military reports; but it is less suggestive, to my mind, than that of the Rev. Mr. Drumm, elected this month to the Chaplaincy of the New York Commandery of the Loyal Legion. Here, at last, is the 'drum ecclesiastick' dear to every reader of 'Hudibras,'-- And pulpit, drum ecclesiastick Was beat with fist instead of a stick. I trust, however, that no one will feel that is necessary to complete the identification of Chaplain Drumm by beating him with either stick or fist. He will have a hard enough time of it, without that, in trying to smile at the efforts of punsters who think themselves the first to discover the opportunities his name affords. SO GILBERT AND SULLIVAN have agreed to disagree. Mr. Gilbert, who is reported to have a quick and high temper, did not like the way that money was being spent on 'The Gondoliers,' and he said some things to Sir Arthur that were unpleasant to that amiable gentleman's ear. The consequence is that Mr. Gilbert has formed a partnership with Mr. Alfred Cellier, while Sir Arthur Sullivan will unite his music in the future to the words of Mr. George R. Sims. Messrs. Gilbert and Cellier have worked together before. 'Ages Ago,' one of the prettiest operettas on the stage, was, if I mistake not, their joint work. It is said that Mr. Cellier will be a great loss to Sir Arthur Sullivan, as he orchestrates all his music. That Mr. Gilbert will be a loss goes without saying. I hardly think that the author of 'Ostler Joe' will be able to fill the place of the author of 'The Bab Ballads.' It is a great pity that the original partnership should be dissolved, for it was almost perfect in its results. IT IS CURIOUS to read the announcement of a translation of Marie Bashkirtseff's Journal just being made in England. London is not more than six or seven hours from Paris, and yet an English edition of the book has only just appeared from the press of a London publisher. New York, which is distant from Paris by as many days as London is by hours, had an edition of this remarkable book on the market in November last, and even that was a year after it had appeared in Paris. Is it because English publishers are less enterprising? or because the existence of an International Copyright between England and France makes the necessity of rushing a book upon the market less imperative? Both the English and American editions of this journal are published by the same house--that of Cassell. Mrs. C. H. Ames of Boston writes to me as follows:--'On April 26 you mentioned having read in an English paper an obituary notice of a gentleman named Pine-Coffin, and said it was fair to presume that the "grotesque name" was a "patronymic" and "not deliberately imposed upon or assumed by its late bearer." You may be interested to know that the full name of the gentleman was John Pine Coffin, that he was the owner of the well-known Coffin Manor House at Portledge, in Devonshire, which has been the seat of the Coffin family since the time of William the Conqueror. If you will turn to the biographical sketch of Rudyard Kipling, in the same number of THE CRITIC, you will read that Kipling "was educated at Westward Ho! where most of his school-fellows were Anglo Indians, and nearly all went into the Army." Now Westward Ho! is hard by Portledge, and Kipling consequently knew all about Pine Coffin and his kin; and if you will turn to Kipling's volume called "Plain Tales from the Hills," and to the one of these clever stories called "Pig," you will find how the author has made much use of the name which was familiar enough to him, but which to you and doubtless to many others, seems so grotesque. The curious combination came from the marriage into the Coffin family of a Mr. John Pine.' 'PERMIT ME,' Mr. Ames continues, 'to take exception to the Lounger's dictum that "an educated Englishman never speaks incorrectly," and to ask if he ever heard an Englishman, educated or otherwise, who would not say "different to" instead of "different from," or "directly" instead of "as soon as." As to Mr. Fitzedward Hall's strictures in The Nation on the expressions "I sleep home," "I stay home on Sundays," while, of course, admitting their infelicity, I would like to ask if anything but universal usage gives any better authority to "come home" and "go home," which we have in all English literature, at least from Shakespeare's time till now.' I shall not attempt to defend the use of 'different to,' or of 'directly' in lieu of 'as soon as.' But the 'universal usage' which Mr. Ames admits in the case of 'come home' and 'go home' is in itself the highest authority. The phrase whose use is exceptional, provincial, is to be objected to simply because it is not universally used. AN AMUSING illustration of the mechanical way in which dictionaries have been made is furnished by the word phantom--262 The Critic Number 334 nation which appears in Webster, Worcester, the Imperial, and 'Cassell's Encyclopedic Dictionary." Webster solemnly defines it thus : 'Phantomnation n. Appearance as of a phantom ; illusion. [Obs. and rare.] Pope.' Worcester says simply : 'Illusion. Pope.' The Imperial and Cassell's repeat this bit of lexicographic wisdom ; but the latter omits the reference to Pope, apparently suspecting that something is the matter somewhere. Now the source of this word is a book entitled 'Philology on the English Language, published in 1820, by Richard Paul Jodrell, as a sort of supplement to Johnson's Dictionary. Jodrell had a curious way of writing phrases as single words, without even a hyphen to indicate their composite character: thus, under his wonder-working pen, city solicitor became 'citysolicitor,' home acquaintance 'homeacquaintance"—and so on indefinitely. He remarks in his preface that it 'was necessary to enact laws for myself,' and he appears to have done so with great vigor. Of course he followed his 'law' when he transcribed the following passage by Pope ; These solemn vows and holy offerings paid To all the phantom nations of the dead. Odyssey, x. 627. Phantom nations became 'phantomnations,' and the 'great standards of the English language' were enriched with a 'new word'! There is a difference, however, between Jodrell and his followers ; he knew what Pope meant. Webster's definition is entirely original. This appears to have been the best instance of a 'ghost-word' on record. ------- For Queen Victoria's Birthday (An American arbutus bunch, to be put in a little vase, on the royal breakfast table, May 24th, 1890). Lady, accept a birth-day thought—haply an idle gift and token, Right from the scented soil's May-utterance here, (Smelling of countless blessings, prayers, and old-time thanks), A bunch of white and pink arbutus, silent, spicy, shy, From Hudson's, Delaware's, or Potomac's woody banks. WALT WHITMAN. [NOTE. Very little, as we Americans stand this day, with our sixty-five or seventy millions of population, an immense surplus in the treasury, and all that actual power or reserved power (land and sea) so dear to nations—very little I say do we realize that curious crawling national shudder when the 'Trent affair' promised to bring upon us a war with Great Britain—followed unquestionably as that war would have been by recognition of the Southern Confederacy from all the leading European nations. It is now certain that all this then inevitable train of calamity hung on arrogant and peremptory phrases in the prepared and written missive of the British Minister, to America, which the Queen (and Prince Albert latent) positively and promptly cancelled ; and which her firm attitude did alone actually erase and leave out, against all the other official prestige and Court of St. James's. On such minor and personal incidents (so to call them), often depend the great growths and turns of civilization. This moment of a woman and a queen surely swung the grandest oscillation of modern history's pendulum. Many saying and doings of that period, from foreign potentates and powers, might well be drop'd in oblivion by America—but never this, if I could have my way. W. W.] Oliver Bell Bunce IT IS WITH genuine regret that we record the death of Oliver Bell Bunce. From the day of its inception to the present, THE CRITIC has had no better friend. He encouraged the idea of the paper at the start, and although he was a busy man, he found time to send an occasional item or article for publication in its columns; and while not a regular contributor, his bright and knowing para- graphs will be missed by its editors and readers. Mr. Bunce was born in this city on Feb. 8, 1828, and he not only knew but loved its every street and alley. Nothing but his delicate health and the strict orders of his physician induced him to go to the country in the summer : he loved the city all the year round. Mr. Bunce, although he showed strong literary tastes at an early age, never had the advantages of a college education. His quick mind and application to his books, however, overcame any deficiencies due to his lack of schooling. His knowledge of literature was wide, and he wrote with the pen of one who had an easy command of language. Mr. Bunce was very fond of the drama, and wrote several plays when a young man which had the honor of being played by James W. Wallack and Laura Keene. At the age of twenty-five he went into the publishing business under the firm- name of Bunce & Bro. The business was not successful, and Mr. Bunce became a manager of the publishing-house of James E. Gregory, where he did well from the beginning. The publication by this house of Cooper's novels, with Darley's illustrations, was done at his suggestion. For a while after this he was with Harper & Bros. In 1867 Mr. Bunce found a connection with D. Appleton & Co. which lasted until his death. While with this firm he suggested and superintended the publication of 'Picturesque America,' 'Picturesque Europe' and 'Picturesque Palestine,' three publica- tions that met with extraordinary success. Mr. Bunce was the author of several books, among them 'A Bachelor's Story,' 'Life Before Him,' 'Binsley,' 'The Opinions and Disputations of Bache- lor Bluff,' 'My House: An Ideal,' 'Timias Terrystone,' and the famous little manual, 'Don't!' He was one of the founders of the Authors Club, and was a member of the St. Nicholas Society. His death on the 14th inst. was due to consumption, a disease with which he had fought for many years. As he was at his office only a week before he died, he may be said to have literally died in the harness, and that is just what he wished to do. Mr. Stedman, Mr. Stoddard and other well-known literary people attended his funeral on Sunday. International Copyright Kate Fiela's Washington of May 21 contains the follow- ing letters :-- ELMWOOD, CAMBRIDGE, MASS., May 15, 1890. DEAR MISS FIELD.-- You ask me to send you a few lines on the recent defeat of the International Copyright Bill in Congress. I have had too long an experience of the providential thickness of the human skull, as well as of the eventual success of all reasonable reforms, to be discouraged by the temporary defeat of any measure which I believe to be sound. I say 'providential' because the world is thereby saved many a rash experiment in specious legislation. Were it otherwise, the Huon's horn of inconsiderate enthusiasm would lead us a pretty dance among the briars. Unfortunately there is, as usual, an exception to this general rule, for the sutures of the political cranium are so loosely knit as to leave a crevice through which considerations of ephemeral expediency find a too easy en- trance. Such considerations, it should always be remembered, are most liable to disastrous recoil. I grant that our hope has been long-drawn-out, but since ma- terial for it (as for every hope that has a moral care) has been con- stantly supplied, it has never become too attenuated to bear the strain put upon it. It is seventy-one years since Irving wrote : 'You observe that the public complain of the price of my work : this is the disadvantage of coming in competition with republished English works for which the publishers have not to pay anything to the authors. If the American public wish to have a literature of their own, they must consent to pay for the support of authors.' (And why not, I may add, if we consent to pay Senator Jones for the support of a silver mine?) It is fifty years since Irving wrote : --'How much this growing literature may be retarded by the present state of our Copyright Law, I had recently an instance in the cavalier treatment of a work of merit written by an American who had not yet established a commanding name in the literary market. I undertook as a friend to dispose of it for him, but found it impossible to get an offer from any of our principal publishers. They even declined to publish it at the author's cost, alleging that it was not worth their while to trouble themselves about native works of doubtful success, while they could pick and choose among the successful works daily poured out by the British press, for which they had nothing to pay for copyright.' This was in 1840, and in the same year Mr. Clay's bill was de- feated. We have been fighting for the same cause with the same weapons ever since, and apparently with the same result. But for all that we have made progress. We have secured public discus- sion, and a righteous cause which has done that has got the weather gauge of its adversary. I am too old to be persuaded by any ap- pearances, however specious, that Truth has lost or can lose a whit of that divine quality which gives her immortal advantage over Error. The adversary has cunningly entrenched himself in the argument that there can be no such thing as property in an idea, and I grant that this is a fallacy of which it is hard to disa- buse the minds of otherwise intelligent men. But it is in the form given to an idea by a man of genius, and in this only, that we assert a right of property to have been created. The founders of our republic tacitly admitted this right when they classed the law of copyright with that of patents. I have known very honest men who denied the public expediency of such a right in both cases, but I cannot understand either the logic or the probity of those who May 24 1890 The Critic 263 admit the one and deny the other. This right is visible and palpa- ble in a machine, invisible and impalpable in a book, and for this very reason the law should be more assiduous to protect it in the latter case, as being the weaker. But, after all, every species of property is the artificial creature of law, and the true question is whether, if such property in books did not exist, it would be wise in our own interest to create it. The inventions of Whitney, of Fulton, and of Morse added enor- mously to the wealth of the nation. Have not those of Edwards and Irving, and Cooper and Emerson, and Hawthorne and Long- fellow (to speak only of the dead) added also to that wealth, and in a nobler kind? Or is not moral credit, then, worth something, too? Is it not, indeed, the foundation on which financial credit is built and most securely rests? The foreign right to property of this description stands on pre- cisely the same footing with the domestic right, and the moral wrong of stealing either is equally great. But literary property is at a disadvantage because it is not open, gross, and palpable, and, therefore, the wrongful appropriation of it touches the public con- science more faintly. In ordinary cases it is the thief, but in this case the thing stolen that is invisible. To steal is no doubt more immediately profitable than acquisition by the more tedious methods of honesty, but is apt to prove more costly in the long run. How costly our own experiment in larceny has been those only know who have studied the rise and progress of our literature, which has been forced to grow as virtue is said to do--in spite of the weight laid upon it. But even though this particular form of dishonesty against which we are contending were to be always and everywhere commercially profitable, I think that the American people are so honest that they may be made to see that a profit allowed to be legitimate by us alone among civilized nations--a profit, too, which goes wholly into the pockets of a few unscrupulous men--must have something queer about it, something which even a country so rich as ours cannot afford. I have lived to see more than one successful appeal from the un- reason of the people's representatives to the reason of the people themselves. I am, therefore, not to be tired with waiting. It is wearisome to ourselves and to others also to go on repeating the ar- guments we have been using for these forty years, and which to us seem so self-evident, but I think it is true that no reformer has ever gained his end who has not first made himself an intolerable bore to the vast majority of his kind. I have done my share in my time to help forward such triumphs of tediousness, but you will not thank me for essaying it again in the sprightly columns of your paper. Faithfully yours, J.R. LOWELL. BOSTON, May 15, 1890. DEAR MISS FIELD :-- I have nothing to add to my recorded opinion of the dishonesty of stealing the products of the labor of the soft handed sons of toil. I cannot see that a callus on the palm confers any better claim to fair treatment than a furrow in the fore- head and an aching in the brain. Very truly yours, OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES. NEW YORK, May 17, 1890. DEAR MISS FIELD :-- One conclusive reason for granting copy- right to foreign authors is that such a grant secures fair play for American and foreign authors alike. Its refusal is equally unjust to both, and the framers of the Constitution could not have antici- pated that American representatives would ever refuse the copy- right to foreign authors on the ground that, without it, American readers could get the works of those authors without paying them. That American law does not concede to the English author the same right of property and labor for which it grants to the American, is surely not an honorable reason for taking that product without compensation. GEORGE WILLIAM CURTIS. It is rumored that the following resolution is to be introduced into the House of Representatives :-- WHEREAS, It has been decided by the vote on the Copyright Bill that it is just, expedient and necessary that the people of the United States should have cheap foreign literature without regard to the alleged rights of the foreign or the American author ; and, Whereas, Under the present system, foreign text-books may be ac- quired more cheaply than American, therefore Resolved, That the House of Representatives hereby recommends to the Legislatures of the different States that the substitution in the public schools foreign text-books in place of those by American authors, to the end that American children may early acquire a just disregard for property in general, and a sturdy disrespect for American institutions. Mr. Stevenson on Father Damien MR. STEVENSON has discovered a 'Mr. Hyde' in real life--the Rev. Dr. C. M. Hyde of Honolulu. On the 2d of August, 1889, this gentleman wrote a letter to the Rev. H. B. Gage, which was published in the Sydney Presby- terian of Oct. 26. Its subject was the late Father Damien; and in answer to Mr. Gage's inquiries concerning that heroic soul, Dr. Hyde spoke as follows:-- The simple truth is, he was a coarse, dirty man, headstrong and bigoted. He was not sent to Molokai, but wen there without orders; did not stay at the leper settlement (before he became one himself), but circulated freely over the whole island (less than half the island is devoted to the lepers), and he came often to Honolulu. He had no hand in the reforms and improve- ments inaugurated, which were the work of our Board of Health. as occasion required and means were provided. He was not a pure man in his relations with women, and the leprosy of which he died should be attributed to his vices and carelessness. Others have done much for the lepers, our own ministers, and the government phy- sicians, and so forth, but never with the Catholic idea of merit- ing eternal life. To this extraordinary epistle, Mr. Stevenson has replied in a letter almost as extraordinary--not like this, however, for its revelation of character, so much as for the merciless way in which the Rev. Dr. Hyde is pilloried and exposed, naked, to the scrutiny and contempt of Christendom. It is dated Sydney, Feb. 25, 1890, and we find it in The Scots Observer of May 3. We can only reprint a few paragraphs, taken in their regular order, but without the connecting passages :-- You may remember that you have done me several courtesies for which I was prepared to be grateful. But there are duties which come before gratitude, and offences which justly divide friends, far more acquaintances. Your letter to the Reverend H. B. Gage is a document which, in my sight, if you had filled me with bread when I was starving, if you had sat up to nurse my father when he lay a-dying, would yet absolve me from the bonds of gratitude. . . . Your sect (and remember, as far as any sect avows me, it is mine) has not done ill in a worldly sense in the Hawaiian Kingdom. When calamity befell their innocent parishioners, when leprosy de- scended and took root in the Eight Islands, a quid pro quo was to be looked for. To that prosperous mission, and to you, as one of its adornments, God had sent at last an opportunity. I know I am touching here upon a nerve accutely sensitive. I know that others of your colleagues look back on the inertia of your Church, and the intrusive and decisive heroism of Damien, with something almost to be called remorse. I am sure it is so with yourself ; I am persuaded your letter was inspired by a certain envy, not essen- tially ignoble, and the one human trait to be espied in that per- formance. You were thinking of the lost chance, the past day ; of that which should have been conceived and was not ; of the ser- vice due and not rendered. Time was, said the voice in your ear, in your pleasant room, as you sat raging and writing ; and it the words written were base beyond parallel, the rage, i am happy to repeat--it is the only compliment I shall pay you--the rage was almost virtuous. But, sir, when we have failed, and another has succeeded ; when we have stood by, and another has stepped in ; when we sit and grow bulky in our charming mansions, and a plain, uncouth peasant steps into the battle, under the eyes of God, and succors the afflicted, and consoles the dying, and is himself afflicted in his turn, and dies upon the field of honor--the battle can- not be retrieved as your unhappy irritation has suggested. It is a lost battle, and lost for ever. One thing remained to you in your defeat --some rags of common honor ; and these you have made haste to cast away. . . . Your Church and Damien's were in Hawaii upon a rivalry to do well : to help, to edify, to set divine examples. You having (in one huge instance) failed, and Damien succeeded, I marvel it should not have occurred to you that you were doomed to silence ; that when you had been outstripped in that high rivalry, and sat in- glorious in the midst of your well-being, in your pleasant room-- and Damien, crowned with glories and horrors, toiled and rotted in that pigsty of his under the cliffs at Kalawao--you, the elect who would not, were the last man on earth to collect and propa- gate gossip on the volunteer who would and did. I think I see you--for I try to see you in the flesh as I write these sentences--I think I see you leap at the word pigsty, a hyper- bolical expression at the best. 'He had no hand in the reforms,' he was 'a coarse, dirty man'; these were your own words ; and you may think it possible that I am come to support you with fresh264 The Critic Number 334 evidence. In a sense, it is even so. Damien has been too much depicted with a conventional halo and conventional features ; so drawn by men who perhaps had not the eye to remark or the pen to express the individual ; or who perhaps were only blinded and silenced by generous admiration, such as i partly envy on your bended knees. It is the least defect of such a method of portraiture that it makes the path easy for the devil's advocate, and leaves for the misuse of the slanderer a considerable field of truth. For the truth that is suppressed by friends it the readiest weapon of the enemy. The world, in your despite, may perhaps owe you soe- thing, if your letter be the means of substituting once for all a credible likeness for a wax abstraction. For, if that world at all remember you, on the day when Damien of Molokai shall be named Saint, it will be in virtue of one work : your letter to the Reverend H. B. Gage. . . . I imagine you to bee one of those persons who talk with cheerful0 ness of that place which oxen and wainropes could not drag you to behold. You, who do not even know its situation your limbs probably denounce sensational descriptions, stretching on the map, the while in your pleasant parlor in Beretania Street. When I was pulled ashore there one early morning, there sat with me in the boat two sisters, bidding farewell (in humble imitations of Da- mien) to the lights and joys of human life. One of these wept silently ; I could not withhold myself from joining her. Had you been there, it is my belief that nature would have triumphed even in you ; and as the boat drew but a little nearer, and you beheld the stairs crowded with abominable deformations of our common manhood, and saw yourself landing in the midst of such a popula- tion as only now and then surrounds us in the horror of a night- mare--what a haggard eye you would have rolled over your re- luctant shoulder towards the house on Beretania Street ! Had you gone on ; had you found every fourth face a blot upon the land- scapre ; had you visited the hospital and seen the butt-ends of human beings lying there almost unrecognizable but still breathing, still thinking, still remembering ; you would have understood that life in the lazaretto is an ordeal from which the nerves of a man's spirit shrink, even as his eye quails under the brightness of the sun ; you would have felt it was (even to-day) a pitiful place to visit and a hell to dwell in. It is not the fear of possible infections. That seems a little thing when compared with the pain, the pity, and the disgust of the visitor's surroundings, and the atmosphere of affliction, disease, and physical disgrace in which he breathes. I do not think I am a man more than usually timid ; but I never recall the days and nights I spent upon that island promontory (eight days and seven nights), without heartfelt thankfulness that I am somewhere else. I find in my diary that I speak of my stay as a 'grinding ex- perience' ; I have once jotted in the margin, 'Harrowing is the word' ; and when the Mokolii bore me at last towards the outer world, I kept repeating to myself, with a new conception of their pregnancy, those simple words of the song : 'Tis the most distressful country that ever yet was seen. And observe: that which I saw and suffered from was a settlement purged, bettered, beautified ; the new village built, the hospital and the Bishop's-Home excellently arranged ; the sisters, the doctor, and the missionaries all indefatigable in their noble tasks. It was a different place when Damien came there, and made his great re- nunciation, and slept that first night under a tree amidst his rot- ting brethren : alone with pestilence ; and looking forward (with what courage, with what pitiful sinkings of dread, God only knows) to a life-time of dressing sores and stumps. You will say, perhaps, I am too sensitive, that sights as painful abound in cancer hospitals and are confronted daily by doctors and nurses. I have long learned to admire and envy the doctors and the nurses. But there is no cancer hospital so large and populous as Kalaway and Kalaupapa ; and in such a matter every fresh case, like every inch of length in the pipe of an organ, deepens the note of the impression ; for what daunts the onlooker is that monstrous sum of human suffering by which he stands surrounded. Lastly, no doctor or nurse is called upon to enter once for all the doors of that gehenna ; they do not say farewell, they need not abandon hope, on its sad threshold ; they but go for a time to their high calling, and can look forward as they go to relief, to recreation, and to rest. But Damien shut to with his own hand the doors of his own sepulchre. . . . We will (if you please) go hand-in-hand through the different phrases of your letter, and candidly examine each from the point of view of its truth, its appositeness, and its charity. Damien was 'coarse.' It is very possible. You make us sorry for the lepers who had only a coarse old peasant for their friend and father. But you, who were so refined, why were you not there, to cheer them with the lights of culture? Or may I remind you that we have some reason to doubt if John the Baptist were genteel ; and in the case of Peter, on whose career you doubtless dwell approvingly in the pulpit, no doubt at all he was a 'coarse, headstrong' fisher- man! Yet, even in our Prostestant bibles, Peter is called Saint. Damien was 'dirty.' He was. Think of the poor lepers annoyed with this dirty comrade! But the clean Dr. Hyde was at his food in a fine house. Damien was 'headstrong.' I believe you are right again ; and I thank God for his strong head and heart. Da- mien was 'bigoted.' I am not fond of bigots myself, because they are not fond of me. But what is meant by bigotry, that we should regard it as a blemish in a priest? Damien believed his won re- ligion with the simplicity of a peasant or a child : as I would I could suppose that you do. For this, I wonder at him some way off ; and had that been his only character, should have avoided him in life. But the point of interest in Damien, which has caused him to be so much talked about and made him at last the subject of your pen and mine, was that, in him, his bigotry, his intense and narrow faith, wrought potently for good, and strengthened him to be on of the world's heroes and examplers. Damien 'was not sent to Molokai but went there without orders.' Is this a misread- ing? or do you really mean the words for blames? I have heard Christ, in the pulpits of our Church, held up for imitation on the ground that His sacrifice was voluntary. Does Dr. Hyde think otherwise? Damien 'did not stay at the settlement,' etc. It is true he was allowed many indulgences. Am I to understand that you blame the father for profiting by these, or the officers for grant- ing them? In either case, it is a might Spartan standard to issue from the house on Beretania Street ; and I am convinced you will find yourself with few supporters. Damien 'had no hand in the reforms' etc. . . . To a mind not prejudiced by jealousy, all the reforms of the Lazaretto, and even those which he most vigorously opposed, are properly the work of Damien. They are the evidence of his success ; they are what his heroism provoked from the reluctant and the careless. Many were before him in the field ; Mr. Meyer, for instance, of whose faithful work we hear too little : there have been many since ; and some had more worldly wisdom, though none had more devotion, than our saint. Before his day, even you will con- fess, they had effected little. It was his part, by one striking act of martyrdom, to direct all men's eyes on that distressful country. At a blow, and with the price of his life, he made the place illustrious and public. And that, if you will consider largely, was the one reform needful ; pregnant of all that should succeed. It brought money, it brought (best individual addition of them all) the sisters ; it brought supervision, for public opinion and interest landed with the man at Kalawao. If ever any man brought re- forms, and died to bring them, it was he. There is not a clean cup or towel in the Bishop-Home, but dirty Damien washed it. . . . ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON The Fine Arts Art Notes We understand that the custom of studying from the nude in the 'mixed' classes at the Art Students' League was introduced about two years ago by Mr. Elwell, and not by Mr. St. Gaudens ; bu the determination of the Board of Control to discontinue it has led to Mr. St. Gauden's resignation, on the ground that he has not time to teach the male and female student separately. --The members of the National Academy of Design ate their annual dinner, last week, in the Academy building. After dinner speeches and recitations were made, and songs were sung. On Saturday night the sixty-fifth exhibition closed. During its prog- ress, $17,000 worth of paintings had been sold, as against $20,500 last year, $22,000 in 1888 and $28,000 in 1887. Mr. E. Francis Hyde has been elected an Honorary Fellow for Life, in apprecia- tion of services rendered. Messrs, Horatio Walker, D. W. Tryon and Carlton Wiggins have been elected Associates, and Wm. M. Chase, Will H. Low and R. M. Shurtless Academicians. The Times says :--'Mr. Shurtleff is a landscapist of very good ability. Mr. Chase is a painter of great versatility and a really marvelous vitality of brushwork. Mr. Low is one of the few painters who have pursued, in an age when idealism is scoffed at, the difficult struggle of creating beautiful and idyllic figures, nude and draped.' --The Seward Webb prize of $300 for the best landscape shown at the exhibition of the Society of American Artists by a man under forty years of age has been awarded this year to Mr. Theodore Robinson for his 'Winter landscape,' a study of snowy housetops below a hillside, and a valley and trees beyond. Previous winners of this prize were J. F. Murphy, J. H. Twachtman, and D. W. Tryon. The present exhibition will close to-day (Saturday). --The London Times, whose art critic is Mr. Humphry Ward has this to say of a portrait by Mr. Sargent which has stirred up MAY 24 1890 The Critic 265 not a little strife in Phillistine London :--' Hardly any picture of the year has been more fiercely attacked than Mr. Sargent's. We can- not see the justice of these criticisms, or admit that even the atti- tude is such as an artist should not have chosen. The picture is what it professes to be, a study; and on test of it is that, wanting in beauty though it may be, it stamps itself on the memory more than any picture in the exhibition. Certianly it fails to please, but it is a work of surprising power.' --The Treasury Department has decided that while the Ameri- can Art Association is entitled to import works of art duty free, on signing a bond to export them at the expiration of six months or pay the regular 30 per cent. duty, the Eden Musee and Messrs. Boussod, Valadon & Co., being more strictly dealers, are not, un- der the law, entitled to that privilege. The Collector of the Port has been instructed to refund the duty collected on a model of Thorwaldsen's statue of himself, imported by the Dances of this country for submission to the approval of the Park Commissioners, with a view to the erection in Central Park of a bronze reproduc- tion of the original. --At the second exhibition of painter-etchers in the Durand- Ruel gallery in Paris, some dry-points and aquatints by the Ameri- can artist Miss Mary Cassatt were purchased for the State. --One of Mr. Hubert Herkomer's best paintings, 'The Chapel of the Charter House,' very successfully reproduced in photogravure, forms the frontispiece of the June Magazine of Art. 'Satsuma Ware and its Imitations' are treated of in an article by Masayuki Kataoke, with illustrations of bowls and vases, figurines and incense- burners. 'Current Art' contains reproductions of studies by Sir Frederick Leighton and Seymour Lucas. An article on the Na- tional Gallery of Ireland has an engraving of Francia's 'Lucretia,' one of Titian's 'Christ at Emmaus,' and a full-page woodcut of Ghirlandajo's 'Madonna,' which are among the treasures of the Leinster Lawn galleries. A brilliant lot of 'Rhone Sketches' by Joseph Pennell and a paper on the 'Literary Remains of Albert Durer' are among the other contents of this uncommonly good number. More 'Portraits of Robert Browning' are given, with text by Wm. M. Rossetti. The Washington Memorial Arch ON SATURDAY LAST the fund was increased by $4,534.12 through checks sent to the Treasurer by contributors to the preliminary ex- pense fund of the World's Fair. Comptroller Myers in April wrote to the Secretary of the World's Fair Committee, suggesting that many who had given their money with no thought of its ever being returned would doubtless cheerfully consent to have their shares of the balance applied to the building of the Arch, and stated that the amount returned to him personally would certainly be sent to the Treasurer of the arch fund. Other contributors to the preliminary expense fund of the Fair followed the Comptroller's generous ex- ample. On Tuesday evening Treasurer Stewart had in hand $82,283.62. Notes ONE of the most talented of the younger generation of American poets and story-writers, has just passed away. James T. McKay died at Huntington, Long Island, on the 19th inst. Mr. McKay was born in New York on Jan. 22, 1843. He had for many years been a contributor of prose and verse to the leading magazines, especially The Century, his last contribution to which was a noble sonnet on the burial of Lincoln, entitled 'The Cenotaph,' and pub- lished on the conclusion of the Life of Lincoln in the February number. Mr. McKay was of Scotch parentage. When a young child his eyesight was destroyed by a stone flung by another boy, and during his whole life he had to contend, not only against feeble health but against blindness. Both his verse and prose had a strong ethical impulse, which did not destroy his sense of art, but rather gave vigor and value to his literary work. For some time all his writing was done with the assistance of a framework contrived by himself ; but of late he has relied entirely upon the sympathetic and willing help of a devoted sister. Mr. McKay was one of the noblest of natures, as earnest and devoted in his citizenship as in his art. He wrote for the local paper, The Long Islander, a series of articles on the Reform of the Civil Service which called forth the special praise of Mr. Curtis. His best stories and poems should certainly be gathered for publication in book form, which some ac- count of his quietly, heroic life. --John Elliot Curran, who died at Englewood, N. J., on the 18th inst., was born at Utica, N. Y., May 25, 1848, and graduated at Yale in 1870. He travelled for a year in Europe, and then stud- ied law at the Columbia Law School. After his admission to the bar he practiced law for some years, but his taste for literature led him to abandon his profession. Sribner's, The Century, Harper's, The New Englander and The New England Magazine have published, or have in hand, stories from his pen. He wrote a successful novel, 'Miss Frances Merley,' and was for a time literary and dramatic editor of the Press of this city, and a contributor to The Christian Union, Forest and Stream, and other weeklies. He was an oarsman, a base-ball player, and skillful at tennis. He leaves a widow and three children. --In reply to Mr. Joseph Hatton's declaration, as quoted by G. W. S.,' that his novel 'By Order of the Czar' was not published in this country by his leave, Mr. John W. Lovell writes to the Tribune, saying :--' Permit me to quote from a letter written by the Ameri- can representative of Mr. Hatton's agents, Messrs. Tillotson & Son, to John W. Lovell COmpany, as follows :-- 'Our New York books show that Mr. Tillotson sold the United States rights for "By Order of the Czar" to you during his 1888 visit to this country. The right to publish in Canada was sold on April 11, 1890. I am unable to give any key to the bother about Mr. Hatton's story. It is a matter which must be settled between our head office and the author. 'The arrangement was made by me with Mr. Hatton's agents. I had purchased the book before it was completed, and before the name had been decided upon. The book was simply known as a novel by Joseph Hatton, which was to begin in September, and to run serially in twenty-six weekly instalments.' --The passage of House Bill 7558 and Senate Bill 2747, repeal- ing the act that allows paper-covered novels published periodically to go through the mails at newspaper rates, would interfere with the circulation of certain series of books of excellent quality ; but its chief effect would be to check the spread and sale of trash. In our opinion the enactment of the proposed law would be of distinct benefit to the community. --The first instalment of Daudet's 'Port Tarascon : The Last Adventures of the Illustrious Tartarin,' translated by Henry James, will appear in the June Harper's Monthly. In the introductory chapter M. Daudet, it is said, humoroulsy alludes to some of the consequences, personal to himself, of his having poked fun, in the Tartarin stories, at the little Provence town of Tarascon on the banks of the Rhone. A portrait of Daudet, drawn by J. W. Alex- ander, will form the frontispiece of the number. An articcle on 'Furst Bismarck,' by George Moritz Wahl, is to be accompanied with a plate portrait of the ex-Chancellor, engraved from the cele- brated painting by Lenbach. --Scribner & Welford will follow up Arthur Young's 'Travels in France' with a new edition of his 'Tour in Ireland,' unabridged. It will form two volumes in Bohn's Standard Library. The third volume of Ibsen's prose dramas, edited by William Archer and issued in this country by this firm, will contain 'Lady Inger of Ostrat,' 'The Vikings at Helgeland' and 'The Pretender.' --'C. C. A.' writes :--'In the last issue of your paper you sug- gest that young writers disbelieve the quotation from one of Boker's letters Why? Following Boker's advice, I have made a living out of writing. It is a matter still of hard work and nothing else ; and a market for my wares is never wanting. Will you not please give us an editorial on your view of Boker's views?'' The letter referred to was on the subject of verse-writing. Mr. Boker advised the be- laboring of Pegasus as if he were a cart-horse. Our correspondent is a prose-writer ; so the letter does not apply to his case at all. Mr. Schirmer has in press several more volumes on Wagner by Gustav Kobbe, whose ' Wagner's Ring of the Nubelung' is now in its fifth edition. The series will be called 'Wagner's Life and Works,' and will contain one volume devoted to biography, one to the composer's literary works, operas and miscellaneous composi- tions, and two to the music-drama.s There will be numerous musical and pictorial illustrations. --Mr. George Allen, of Bell Yard, Temple Bar, and Orpington, Kent, will publish a volume by Mr. Joseph Forster at the close of this month, entitled 'Four Great Teachers.' It is understood that the book consists of lectures on Carlyle, Emerson, Browning and Ruskin. --We are glad to be able to say that Senor Zorrilla, the Poet Laureate of Spain, whose death was announced in some of the Spanish-American papers and in these columns, several weeks ago, is still in the land of the living. The latest papers from Madrid bring word that he has been seriously ill, and in the relapse which followed an operation was so weak that death seemed imminent. He is, however, gradually recovering. --Under the title 'Egyptian Sketches,' Mr. Jeremiah Lynch, State Senator of California, is about to bring out, through Scribner & Welford, a volume of reminiscences of his six months' stay in Egypt. It will be embellished with sixteen full-page illustrations.266 The Critic Number 334 -By an opinion of the Supreme Court rendered last Monday, Cornell University loses all hope of the $1,000,000 or more left to it is Sept., 1881, by Jennie McGraw Fiske, wife of the College Librarian, Prof. Willard Fiske, The will was disputed by the widower (who had signed an agreement before marriage not to interfere with his wife's disposition of her property at her death, on the ground that, in 1871, Cornell was possessed of $3,000,000 worth of property, which was all its charter permitted it to hold. The expected money was to have been devoted to the library of the University. Anticipating its loss, however, Mr. Henry W. Sage, formerly the partner of Mrs. Fiske's deceased father, John McGraw, has given $500,000 for the erection of a library building as a memorial of the lady whose will has been broken. -Miss Catherine W. Bruce has given the Trustees of the New York Free Circulation Library $20,000 as an endowment for the branch of the Library in Forth Second Street, near Eighth Avenue. Miss Bruce built this branch as a memorial to her father, George Bruce, at a cost of $60,000. It was formerly opened to the public Jan. 6, 1888, and by the end of that year contained 9,274 volumes. Miss Bruce during that year gave $10,000 more and later $500. The Bruce branch now has a circulation of about 100,000 annually, the number of readers who frequent the reading-rooms being about 20,000 yearly. -Over the imprint of the Welch, Fracker Co. will soon appear "The Riversons," a novel of Pennsylvania life in the forties, by S. J. Bumstead; 'One of "Berrians: Novels,' by Mrs. C. H. Stone, a story of the twentieth century; 'The Bank Tragedy,' a novel by Mary R. P. Hatch; and 'From Yellowstone Park to Alaska' and 'From the Land of the Midnight Sun to the Volga,' both by Francis C. Sessions. -Concerning , The Author, just issued under the editorship of Walter Besant, a cable dispatch from London to the N. Y. Sun says :- Walter Besant has started a genuine crusade against the publisher on behalf of the author. . . . In the leading editorial Mr. Besant explains that the new magazine is founded to be the organ of literary men and women of all kinds - the one paper which will fully review, discuss, and ventilate all questions connected with the profession of literature in all its branches. It will be the medium by which the Society of Authors will inform its members generally of their doings, and it will become the public record of transactions conducted in the interests of literature, which have hitherto been secret and hidden for want of such an organ. - Mr. Edmund Yates cables to the Tribune: - ' Wordsworth's cottage at Grasmere is one of the most beautiful spots in that lovely district. It deserves to be saved, and Stopford Brooke and his brother, with Prof. Knight of St. Andrew's, and others, are making an appeal that it should be secured, with the orchard and garden, for the modest sum of 650l. The promoters' aim is to raise that sum by small subscriptions, so that every lover of the poet may contribute and thus make the cottage a national memorial to Wordsworth. - According to the Times, the report that Idlewild, the home of the late N. P. Willis is to be converted into a private asylum for the insane, is not true. It is in the market yet. The late Mr Courtney, who owned the place, paid $82,000 for it, besides expending large amounts for improvements; yet not one-third of this sum is expected to be realized from the sale of the premises. - Mr. Russell Sturgis, the architect, has written for the June Scribner's an article on 'The City House' (one of the series on Homes), in which he says:- Nothing more incongruous than our New York pallices, of which the first notable once was the marble structure at the corner of Fifth Avenue and Thirty-fourth Street, has ever been planned or erected. They are in almost all respects small houses looked at through a magnifying glass; the necessary conditions of a stately house, a so t of palazzo, have hardly been considered in them; the American citizen whose fortune has increased a hundred-fold builds a house perhaps ten-fold larger than he would otherwise have done, but in other respects very similar to the one in which his father lived in days of comparative poverty. - President Low of Columbia has become President of the Archaeological Institute of America, as successor to Mr. Lowell. As a member of the Council of the Institute he succeeds Prof. Drisler, who goes abroad on a protracted leave of absence from Columbia College. At a meeting of the New York Society of the Institute at the College last Saturday, Dr. Alfred Gudeman of Johns Hopkins read a paper on 'Literary Frauds among the Ancients.' Frauds and forgeries were more common among the Greeks than among the Romans, he said, and they did not flourish during the classical period even in Greece. - 'Leaders on the Turf' will be the subject of the supplement to Harper's Weekly of May 31. Pictures of the famous racehorses and portraits of Leonard W. Jerome, August Belmont, M. F. Dwyer, and other prominent owners of thoroughbreds, will accompany the article. - Philadelphia is said to have organized a Rudyard Kipling Club upon which the Tribune remarks:-- 'It is safe to say that not one man or woman in a hundred in Philadelphia and, we may add, in New York, knows whether Rudyard Kipling is a man or a new brand of tobacco. Even in England, where his fame is so rapidly spreading, he is still far from being a household word. This being the case, the formation of clubs in this country to burn incense under the nose of this new literary light is worse than Ibsenism.' - There is said to be no more confirmed 'bookstaller' than Mr. Gladstone. When engaged in book hunting he does not like being mobbed, and 'the seediest of coats and hats are usually brought into use.' Mr. Gladstone has been a book-collector for three- quarters of a century. He kindly informs me (says Mr. W. Roberts, in The Bookworm) that he has two books which he acquired in 1815, one of which was a present from Miss H. More. He has never sympathized to any considerable extent with the craze for modern first editions, but 'I like a tall copy' is his reply, made with all the spirit of the true connoisseur to an inquiry on the subject. - Newspaper reviewers are puzzled over the authorship of 'God in HisWorld', the recent anonymous work published by Harper & Bros. To some it suggests Phillips Brooks. Others say that it could not have been written by a divine. One paper believes that it may be the work of a woman; and so it may, but we don't be- lieve it is. - The new volume of the Contemporary Science Series, published in this country by Scribner & Welford, will be 'The Criminal', by Havelock Ellis, with numerous illustrations of criminal heads, faces, etc., and reproductions of some composite photographs of twenty or more criminals. Following this will be 'Sanity and Insanity', by Dr. Charles Mercier, with numerous illustrations. - Mr. Howells has just completed an arrangement to write a serial for the New York Sun and a syndicate of newspapers in England and Australia. The Sun has bought the exclusive rights for North America. The same paper has bought a novel from George Meredith. Mr. Stevenson's South Sea letters are soon to be published in the Sun. Mr. Stevenson had intended to sail about this time for England by way of the Red Sea, but his health does not permit him to do so, and he is returning to Samoa. Publications Received Receipt of new publications is acknowledged in this column. Further ___ of any work will depend upon its interest and importance. When no address is given the publication is issued in New York. Boldrewood, R. The Miner's Right. $1.25 ... Macmillan & Co. Broadus, J.A. Jesus of Nazareth. 75c... Hunt & Easton. Clark, F.T. In the Valley of Havilah 50c --- F.F. Lovell & Co. Delpit, A. As 'Tis in Life. Tr. by E.P. Robins ... Welch, Fracker & Co. Dickson, R., and Edmond, J.P. Annals of Scottish Printing . $13 ... Macmillan & Co. Douglas, A.M. Gems Without Polish. $1.25 .... Hunt & Eaton. Euripides. Alcestis. Introduction, Notes, etc., by M.A. Boyfield 40c ...Macmillan & Co. Fiske, A.W. Midnight Talks at the Club. $1 ... Fords, Howard & Hulbert. Foster, R.S. Studies in Theology. 3 vols. $9 ... Hunt & Eaton. Hambleton, G.W. The Suppression of Consumption. 40c ... N.D.C. Hodges. Hartmann, F. The Talking Image. 50c ... F.F. Lovell & Co. Higginson, S.J. Java. 75c ... Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Holding, C.B. Reuben. $1 ... Hunt & Eaton Hunter, W.W. The Marquess of Dalhousie. 60c ... Macmillan & Co. Hylton, G.D. The Sea-King. ... Palmyra, N.J. Jones, E.W. Gold, Tinsel and Trash. $1 ... Hunt & Eaton Lytton, The Earl of. The Ring of Amasis. $1.25 ... Macmillan & Co. Maitland, E., and Kingsford, A.B. The Perfect Way. 50c ... F.F. Lovell & Co. Methodist Book Concern, Centennial Proceeds of the ... Hunt & Eaton Oldenberg, H., and Others. Epitomes of Three Sciences. 75c Chicago: Open Court Pub. Co. Ouida. Syrlin. 50c ... F.F. Lovell & Co. Peabody, A.P. Harvard Graduates Whom I have Known. $1.25 Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Pellew, George. John Jay. $1.25 ... Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Rutherford, W.G. First Greek Syntax. 50c ... Macmillan & Co. Saint-Amand, I. The Happy Days of the Empress Louise. Tr. by T.S. Perry $1.25 ... Chas. Scribner's Sons Satchel Guide to Europe. $1.50 ... Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Sessions, F.C. In Western Levant ... Welch, Fracker & Co. Shakespeare's Macbeth. Introduction and Notes by K. Deighton. 50c. Macmillan & Co. Slocum, J. Voyage of the Liberdade. Boston. Staley, C. The Teaching of Jesus. $1 ... Cleveland, O.: Burrows Bros., Co. Storr, F. Hints on French Syntax ... Boston: D.C. Heath & Co. Strong, J. Sacred Idyls. $1.50 ... Hunt & Eaton. Symonds, J.A. Introduction to the Study of Dante. $1.75 ... Macmillan & Co. Thayer, W.R. (editor). The Best Elizabethan Plays. $1.40 ... Boston: Ginn & Co. Verral., M. de G., and Harrison, J.E. Mythology and Monuments of Ancient Athens. $4.50 ... Macmillan & Co. Warner, F. Mental Faculty. 90c ... Macmillan & Co. Wheeler, L.M. and Cardwill, M.E. W.A.W. Souvenir. $1.25. New Albany, Ind.: Mary E. Cardwill. Wilson, W.D. Miracles in Nature and Revelation. ... Thos. Whittaker. Winter, J.S. 'Dinna Forget." 30c ... F.F. Lovell & Co. May 25 1890 The Critic iii iv The Critic Number 334 EDUCATIONAL. SCHERMERHORN'S TEACHERS' AGENCY Oldest and best known in U.S. Established, 1855. 3 EAST 14TH STREET, N.Y CONNECTICUT. Connecticut, Hartford. STEELE'S SCHOOL FOR YOUNG LADIES, Hartford, Conn. Fall term begins Wednesday. Sept. 25, 1889 Address GEORGE W. STEELE. Connecticut, Woodside, Hartford. HOME AND COLLEGE PREPARATORY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Sixteenth year. Opens Sept. 17, 1890. Principal, MISS SARA J. SMITH. Assist. Prin., MRS. R. M. LATHROP Connecticut, New Haven, West End Institute MRS. CADY'S SCHOOL FOR YOUNG LADIES. Institute Course of Study and College Preparatory Course. Admits to either Smith, Vassar, or Wellesley by certificate. Circulars. Early application necessary. Connecticut, New Milford. MISS BLAKE'S BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL. Thorough instruction in English, French and German, Music and Art. Terms: Boarding Pupils, $400. Fall term begins Sept. 11, 1889. College Preparatory Course. Connecticut, Norwalk. MISS BAIRD'S INSTITUTE. A Home School for Girls and Young Ladies. Number of boarding pupils limited to twenty. Excellent advantages in Music, Art, and the Languages. Gymnasium. Pleasant grounds. Healthful location. Pupils boarded through the Summer months. Board, Washing, and Tuition in the English branches, $300 per scholastic year. Send for circular. Connecticut, Hillside, Norwalk. MRS. MEAD S SCHOOL for Girls and Young Ladies re-opens October 2, 1890. College Prepa atory Department fits for any College. Completed course in Literature, Languages, and Art. Special Musical Department. Beautiful location. Application should be made early. Connecticut, Norwalk. NORWALK MILITARY INSTITUTE. Thorough teaching. Careful training. Moderate charges. Superior building. Gymnasium. Bowling-alleys. Boat-house. F. S. ROBERTS, Principal. Connecticut, Stamford. MISS AIKEN'S SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Established in 1855. Prepares for college, travel and home. The method by which the mental faculties are educated will be found in the second edition of Miss Aiken's pamphlet on "Concentrated Attention," now ready, for sale at Brentano's, 5 Union Square, New York. Connecticut, Litchfield Co., Washington. THE GUNNERY. A Family and Preparatory School for Boys. Washington, Litchfield Co., Conn. J. C. BRINSMADE, Principal. MASSACHUSETTS. Massachusetts, Amherst. MRS. R. G. WILLIAMS' SELECT FAMILY School, for a limited number of young ladies, with younger sisters when desired. Superior advantages in all respects. $350. Massachusetts, Boston, 76 Marlborough St. MISS BROWN AND MISS OWEN RE-OPEN their Home and Day School for Girls, Oct. 1. Certificate admits to Smith & Wellesley. Massachusetts, Cambridge. THE CAMBRIDGE SCHOOL AND MARGARET WINTHROP HALL. English, Classical and Elective Courses for Girls. Home comforts and social cultivation. Building and furniture new. No crowding. Applicants must be over fourteen. Address, MR. ARTHUR GILMAN, Cambridge, Mass. Massachusetts, Wilbraham. WESLEYAN ACADEMY.––One of the best half-dozen Classical and Academic Schools in New England. The payment of $61 in advance will cover ordinary tuition, board, washing, room and heating for Fall Term beginning Aug. 28. Send for catalogue to G. M. STEELE, Principal. NEW JERSEY. New Jersey, Bergen Point. SCHOOL FOR YOUNG LADIES. Location on Salt Water, 8 miles from N. Y. A. E. SLOAN, M.A., LEPHA N. CLARKE, B.A., Principal. Lady Principal. New Jersey, Englewood. COLLEGIATE SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Reopen- September 24. Preparation for college a specials ty. Pupils admitted to Vassar, Wellesley, and Smith on our certificate. ADALINE W. STERLING, CAROLINE M. GERRISH, A.B. EDUCATIONAL. New Jersey, Freehold. FREEHOLD INSTITUTE. Established 1844. Private School. College preparation a specialty. Preparatory, High School, and Business Courses. A. A. CHAMBERS, A.M., Principal. New Jersey, Freehold. VISIT THE YOUNG LADIES' SEMINARY Boarding and day pupils received throughout the school year. French, German, Music and Art. Admission to Smith, Vassar and Wellesley on certificate of the Principal, Miss Eunice D. Sewall. New Jersey, Hackettstown. HACKETTSTOWN (N. J.) INSTITUTE has wide reputation as college preparatory for young men. Ladies' college: music, art, elocution; best building of its class; new laboratory; accommodates nearly 200 boarders; ladies refused from lack of room for past eight consecutive years; young men refused for seven of these years; sixteenth year September 4. Catalogue free. REV. GEORGE H. WHITNEY, D.D., PRESIDENT. New Jersey, Hoboken, STEVENS SCHOOL. The Academic Department of the Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N.J. Re-opens, Sept. 17, 1890. Pupils prepared for Schools of Science and Colleges. Preparatory Class $75 per annum. All other Classes $150 per annum. New Jersey, New Brunswick. THE MISSES ANABLE'S BOARDING SCHOOL FOR YOUNG LADIES. Will reopen Sept. 24th. Students prepared for College. NEW YORK. New York, Aurora, Cayuga Lake. WELLS COLLEGE, FOR WOMEN. Three Full Courses of Study. Location beautiful and healthful. A refined Christian Home. New Building ready next September. Session begins Sept. 10, 1890. Send for Catalogue. E. S. FRISBEE, D.D., President. New York, Brooklyn, 138-140 Montague St. THE BROOKLYN HEIGHTS SEMINARY. 39th year. Boarding and Day School for Girls. Students prepared for college. Circulars on application. New York, Brooklyn, 140-142 Columbia Heights. THE MISSES ELY'S SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Will reopen October 1st, 1890. New York, Brooklyn Heights. MISS KATHERINE L. MALTBY'S HOME AND SCHOOL, offers a delightful residence to Young Ladies who wish to enjoy the highest Art, Musical, or Academic advantages of New York and Brooklyn. Send for circular to 160 Joralemon Street, Brooklyn, New York. New York, Fishkill-on-Hudson. MT. BEACON ACADEMY, J. Fred Smith, A.M., Principal. Select Home School. College Preparatory, Departments of Music and Art. Correspondence solicited. New York, Long Island, Jamaica. UNION HALL–SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Established in 1816. MISS ANNA P. TOWNSEND, Principal. New York, Newburgh. THE MISSES MACKIES SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. The twenty-fourth year will begin Thursday, Sept. 26. New York. 343 Madison Ave. BARNARD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN. Degrees given by Columbia College. Entrance Examinations begin June 2nd. A Scholarship of $150 is offered to the student that passes the best examinations for admission to the freshman class. Circulars upon application to the Secretary. New York City, 15 East 65th Street. MISS CHISHOLM'S SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Boys' Classes. New York City, 32 West 40th Street. THE COMSTOCK SCHOOL. Family and Day School for Girls. (Established, 1862.) Miss DAY, Principal. New York City, 647 Madison Avenue. THE MISSES MOSES. BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL for Young Ladies and Children's. Kindergarten. Highest references. EDUCATIONAL. New York City, 152 West 103rd St. THE RIVERSIDE SCHOOL. MISS EMILY A. WARD, Principal, (many years with the Comstock School.) Separate departments for girls and boys. Resident pupils received. Preparation for college. New York City. 4 East 58th St. MRS. SALISBURY'S SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Facing Central Park. Re-opens October 1. New York City, 131 W. 71st St. WEST END SCHOOL. Collegiate, Junior, and Primary Departments, and Military Drill and Gymnasium. CHESTER DONALDSON, A.M., Principal. New York City, 231 East 17th Street. ST. JOHN BAPTIST SCHOOL FOR GIRLS English, French, Latin Professors. Prepares for College. Terms $300 to $400 per year. New York City, 37 East 68th St. THE MISSES WREAKS BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL FOR YOUNG LADIES AND CHILDREN, with Kindergarten, re-opens Oct. 1st. Circulars sent on application. New York, Peekskill-on-Hudson. VIEULAND. A COLLEGE PREPARATORY SCHOOL. Send for Catalogue. CARL A. HARSTROM, M.A, Principal. New York, Poughkeepsie. EASTMAN BUSINESS COLLEGE. A live school for the training of live business men. Thorough instruction in Bookkeeping, Banking, Commercial Law, Correspondence, Arithmetic, etc., Penmanship, Telegraphing, Stenography, Typewriting, etc. Terms reasonable. Time short. For information, address GAINES CLEMENT, President. New York, Poughkeepsie. RIVERVIEW ACADEMY, Poughkeepsie, New York. Fifty-fourth year. Prepares thoroughly for College, the Government Academies, and Business. Military Drill. BISBEE & AMEN. Principals. New York, Rochester. UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER. DAVID J. HILL, LL.D., President. Two courses of study, the Classical, the Scientific. Fall Term begins Thursday, Sept. 12, 1889. For Catalogues, address the Librarian. New York, Sing Sing. DR. HOLBROOK'S MILITARY SCHOOL, Re-opens Thursday evening September 19th. Address, Rev. D. A. HOLBROOK, Ph.D. OHIO. Ohio, Painesville. LAKE ERIE SEMINARY. Location pleasant and healthful. Course of study liberal and thorough. Thirty-first year begins Sept. 11, 1889. MISS MARY EVANS, Principal. Ohio, Columbus, 151 East Broad St. MISS PHELPS' ENGLISH AND CLASSICAL SCHOOL for Young Ladies, 151 E. Broad St., Columbus, 0. Special advantages in Language. Literature, Music, Art, Home and Social Culture. Fall term begins Sept. 25th, 1890. New School Building. Ohio, Oxford. OXFORD (O.) College for Young Ladies. Famous Classical and Finishing School. 22 teachers, 180 students. The Alma Mater of Mrs. President Harrison. Conservatory of Music and Art, European vacation parties. Rev. FAYE WALKER, President. PENNSYLVANIA Pennsylvania, Brookville. LONGVIEW SCHOOL. A CHURCH SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Will re-open Sept. 11, 1889. For Catalogue apply to Rev. JOHN G. MULHOLLAND, LL D., Principal. Pennsylvania, Lancaster. THE YEATES' INSTITUTE. The Rev. MONTGOMERY R. HOOPER, M.A., Headmaster. Four boys received as members of the Headmaster's family. At present there are two vacancies. Mr. Hooper has sent boys to Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Columbia, Lehigh, Amherst, Trinity, West Point, Annapolis, etc., and has not had a candidate for admission rejected. Pennsylvania, Meadville. MEADVILLE THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL. Educates for the Christian Ministry. Room rent and tuition free. An entrance fee of $20 for gas, heat and care of room. All expenses moderate. Term begins Sept. 30. Address, REV. A. A. LIVERMORE, D.D., Prest., Meadville, Pa. Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 4313 and 4315 Walnut St. A THOROUGH FRENCH AND ENGLISH HOME SCHOOL FOR TWENTY GIRLS. Under the charge of Mme. Henrietta Clerc and Miss Marion L. Pecke. French warranted to be spoken in two years. Terms, $300 a year. Address Mme. H. CLERC.