FEINBERG/WHITMAN LITERARY FILE POETRY FILE "Thou Who Hast Slept All Night Upon the Storm" (Nov. 16, 1878). Printed copy. Box 29 Folder 44 PROGRESS A MIRROR FOR MEN AND WOMEN GLANCES FROM MY BAY WINDOW VOL. I--No.1 SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1878. $5 A YEAR, IN ADVANCE. CONTENTS. PAGE Editorial Paragraphs, ..... 1 Topics of the Week, ..... 2 Editorial Paragraphs. The Centennial of the National Constitution, .... 3 Arnold the Patriot and Arnold the Traitor, 4 Editorial Paragraphs ...... 5 Finance, ........ 6 Theatres, ........ 7 Henry Armitt Brown, Book Table, .. 8 The Philadelphia Club, ..... 9 Pictures and Portraits of Foreign Travel . 10 PAGE The American in England. Our Paris Letter. The Last New Opera, ... 11 "Thou who had Slept All Night upon the Storm." Bella's Letter, No. 1, ... 12 Progress in Washington City, ... 13 Our Living Old Men. The Mining Region, 14 Study Sketches. Old Gas and New, .. 15 Editorial Paragraphs, ..... 16 Legal--Patents, ....... 17 Chess. The Puzzler, ..... 18 Donna Quixote, ...... 19 Justin McCarthy's novel of Donna Quixote will be followed by American Money and Foreign Titles, a new novel by John W. Forney. Next week: Celebrities at Home, No. 1, Caleb Cushing; Our Living Old Men, No. 2, Joseph R. Chandler; French Statesman at Home, No. 1, by M. Simonin; English and American Horses, by Mr. Hubbard; New York Clubs; Donna Quixote, Chapter II. JOHN W. FORNEY Editor and Proprietor, S. W. corner 7th and Chestnut Streets, 2d floor. The New York Office of PROGRESS is at 41 Park Row (2d story). PROGRESS is typified by the nine faces around my bay window. William Penn begun the one century when he organized Philadelphia in 1682, and Benjamin Franklin opened the other when he finished his great career in 1790, in the same city.... The seven others, Lincoln, the liberator; Grant, the soldier; Sumner, the statesman; Carey, the philosopher; McMichael, the journalist; Childs, the philanthropist; and Edison, the inventor, illustrate the successive stages of American progress in liberty, arms, government, philosophy, journalism, benevolence, and science, during the century closing with the Centennial of the National Constitution, September 17th, 1887. * * * THE distinguishing characteristic of modern historical study is that it more fully recognizes the preponderating effect of industry among the forces which have produced the civilization of the present, than at any former period. So much is this the case that the epochs of the world's progress are more accurately distinguished by the inventions belonging to them, than by any other method. The stone age, the iron age, the press age, the steam age, serve more concisely to suggest the steps by which the race has ascended from savagery, than any other classification. And this is so, chiefly from the fact that the moral, social, and intellectual progresses of mankind, are chiefly dependent upon their industrial triumphs. * * * IF from the civilized man of to-day we should, in fancy, remove one by one the various inventions, by which the comfort, the luxury, the decency, or the possibility of our daily lives, are secured, we will find at the end of our task that we have a naked savage, ignorant even of the use of fire, and no less stripped of his moral and social virtues, of his intellectual powers, of his wide-reaching sympathies, and his emotional pleasures, than he is of his clothes. * * * AND yet, wide as is the difference which such a process would make plain, we are justified by analogy in believing that the future holds in store for the race, ages in which the progress realized in the facts of daily life, shall, in the moral, the social, and the intellectual relations of the generations then existing, be greater even than that which has just been sketched. As also, the modern historian, by the use of our modern methods, more clearly understands the history of the development of Rome, and even of Cicero's own age, than Cicero himself could, so while the future will still remain a mystery, yet with the method for the comprehension of our past, we have the key for judging whether the activity of the present is really in the line of progress or not; whether this course or that will be an aid or a hindrance to the free and healthy development of the industrial civilization it is the seeming function of this nation to build up in this Western World. "He is an American," said John Dickinson, in his Farmer's Letters, printed in Philadelphia, over a century ago, "who, leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys, and the new rank he holds. He becomes an American by being received in the broad lap of our great alma mater. Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men, whose labors and posterity will one day cause great changes in the world. Americans are the Western pilgrims, who are carrying along with them that great mass of arts, sciences, vigor, and industry which began long since in the East. They will finish the great circle." Though, to-day, Americans have more than realized this prophecy, and its author could not, when he made it, have conceived that "the great circle" should be spanned with the railroad, and that the country he knew, as a fringe of feeble colonies spread along the Atlantic coast, should have become a republic, stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific, yet if we, of to-day, are as infused with the spirit of liberty, there is a career of progress in industrial freedom in store for us, as unimagined as what we have gained in political freedom was beyond his conception. ------------------------- THE November elections have been decisive in one thing at least. They have startled both sides. The Democrats are not as sure of 1880 as they were ten days ago, and par consequence, the Republicans are not so unsure. The most comforting view of the situation is that we shall have a year's interval for rest and reflection. Even the place-men will not be sorry. And the place-seekers can wait. * * * A KIND of Providence is full of compensations. The pestilence opened the hearts of the Northern to the Southern people, and the hot siroccos have been followed by a long Indian summer, so balmy and beautiful, as to make us forget fever and death. There is no such season in any other part of the world as our American autumn. * * * DEAN STANLEY'S tribute to the elasticity of the Americans, who never allow disaster to crush them, should be studied by the present despondent democracy. 2 PROGRESS. [NOV. 16, 1878. TOPICS OF THE WEEK IT is rare to see a defeated party yielding as gracefully to their conquerors as the Democrats to the Republicans since the elections of Tuesday, the 5th of November. Apart from the fact that the defeat was a grand coup de grace--a crushing blow in the front--there were other reasons for this submission. The Democrats were fighting without heart. They were heavily handicapped. If there is anything in records and pledges, if a party can inherit principles, the Democrats ought to have been the hard-money men of the country. Instead of this, they had no steadiness and no coherence. Their best generals, Hendricks and Thurman, went over for what is called soft money, and their Southern and Western allies obeyed their command. It has been the misfortune of the Democrats, ever since the civil war, and long before it, to fight against their real doctrines, and the last catastrophe is only a repetition of the old story. We have never known the sensible men of the Democratic party better satisfied after a political overthrow than they are now. That clinches the moral. * * * AND it was well said by one of the Republican papers on Wednesday, the 6th, that the Republicans "plucked victory from the jaws of defeat." Senator Don Cameron voted for the repeal of the Resumption Law, and was an avowed Greenbacker, but he took refuge in silence some weeks before the election, leaving those who handled his case to make up a hard-money argument for his followers. Had he been held to his own votes, he might have lost his game. But the sudden evolutions of the Republican managers, their bold denunciation of the extreme labor partisans, the fright of the national banks, the fears of the commune, and the general timidity of capital under all sorts of wild theories, solidified the Republicans, and made their advance upon their adversaries like a sweeping charge of cavalry upon panic-stricken infantry. * * * SO the 5th of November settled the financial question, and the bulk of the Democrats will now assist Mr. Sherman's policy of resumption. Our own judgment is not clear that this feat can be permanently accomplished, but public opinion has sanctioned it. That much is fixed at all events. * * * BUT the 5th of November has settled some other things; among these the nonsensical violence of some of the Southern people against the negroes and other Union voters. Our Southern friends gather wisdom slowly. They have been misled again by the ignis fatuus of "a solid South," and in the midst of their ecstacies comes a chilling rebuke from States upon which they had leaned in the blindest confidence. Even Tammany crumbles to the earth before the Northern reaction. * * * AND these elections make Grant the Republican candidate for President in 1880. He is no longer the dark horse, but the assured winner if he lives. And it is on the cards that he will solidify all the old free States, and divide the South in the Electoral Colleges. * * * THE jokes of the election have been excellent. Mr. Frank Welles, of the Bulletin, has thrown off some that would have done credit to Sidney Smith, or, what is better, to Bret Harte, as they were genuine Americanisms. Colonel McClure has been as cheery and juicy as his Democratic associates have been gloomy and dry; and Mr. R. W. Mackey, one of the Lochiel leaders, closed the day with the following keen cut of his rapier: PHILADELPHIA, November 6th, 2 a.m. COLONEL A. K. MCCLURE: Satisfied that the people are in favor of Cameron and the Recorder's bill and Reform, am going to bed. Good night. R. W. MACKEY. * * * MR. JAMES E. MURDOCK has been explaining and reading Shakespeare before the National School of Elocution and Oratory, at 1418 Chestnut Street, and at the Academy of Fine Arts on Broad Street. The handsome young artist forty years ago, has ripened into the white-haired philosopher of 67, and his still musical voice and incisive articulation have been rounded and mellowed in the increase of years. He is the last of a great generation; there is no other dramatic interpreter of equal gifts. We commend his lectures as the best, and the only true Shakespeare delineations. * * * BOSTON gave Murdock a royal welcome when he read Shakespeare there; the sages of our Athens sat around him like the Greek scholars about their old masters. * * * THOMAS SCOTT STEWART, who died suddenly on the 23d of October ult., at the Westminster Palace Hotel, London, was buried from his father's residence in Philadelphia, on Monday, the 11th. He was in his forty-fifth year, and in apparently excellent health when he was called away. * * * OUR English cousins, who were sure that Socialism and Communism had taken root and would fatally flourish in the United States, are now reading their disenchantment in the light of the recent elections. * * * MR. WASHBURNE, late American minister to France, delivered his lecture on "The Siege and Commune in Paris," a few days ago, before the students of Ann Arbor, Michigan, and placed the origin of the war with Germany upon the courtiers, flatterers, and vultures who surrounded the throne of Napoleon III. Tired of a life, luxurious in the extreme, but without the excitement of war, they were ambitious to add to their lustre the glory of martial victory, hence that famous cry, which in June '70, re-echoed through Paris, "A Berlin en huit jours." * * * WOMEN of a certain capacity are more fortunate in Europe than with us, especially in France. They have more opportunities, and are better qualified for many posts that are filled by men in the United States. They are almost without exception clerks in the shops, hotels, and cafés; and these cover a vast field. They have no such chances as those offered in the Government offices here, but they have other high and more lasting occupations. * * * READING about "Our Clubs" revives the incident when "Brag" was a permitted game at one of them, and large sums constantly changed hands. A well-known society man found himself minus a thousand dollar bank note one morning after a night of heavy playing, which he had not lost at cards. So he walked down to his club, and questioned the colored waiter, who promptly handed him the missing money. Bowing very low as he received a handsome reward for his honesty, the waiter quietly observed: "Ah, but massa, spose one ob de gemmen had found your money!" * * * HON. W. D. KELLEY, the Greenback Republican, has been returned to Congress from the Fourth District, by the great majorty of 6089, the largest he ever received himself, the heaviest thrown for any other candidate on the ticket in his district, and for any other Congressional candidate in Philadelphia. He had all the party organs against him; indeed, he had no paper at his back, but (if we may make a joke) paper money. In return for this substantial compliment from his neighbors, Judge Kelley unhesitatingly declares that the Greenback-Republicans in Congress will heartily help the government to resume specie payments, and will pray that the Treasury may be strong enough to make that resumption permanent. The embarrassments in the way of resumption can all be removed if the several political parties act in the right spirit in the next short session of Congress. He is not a true patriot, who, after the last popular verdict, obstructs the fullest and freest trial of resumption. * * * WHEN Charlotte Corday stabbed the terrible Marat to death in his bath, July 13, 1973, an effusive Frenchman embraced, as he called her, "the angel of assassination." A sense of gratitude as strong will pervade the minds of the good men of New York city, as they give credit to Samuel J. Tilden for his brave and successful assault upon Tammany Hall. But the parallel bids fair to be completed. Tilden, like Charlotte Corday, will have to die for his destruction of a great tyrant. -------------- NOV. 16, 1878.] PROGRESS. 3 PRESIDENT and Mrs. Hayes continue to exclude wine from their table in the White House. Mr. Evarts, the Secretary of State, has secured an exception to this rule, at the diplomatic dinners, although Mr. and Mrs. Hayes will preside without glasses before them. * * * THE French statesmen use wine moderately, and spirits almost never. They prefer their own light wines, leaving champagne to the last; and nearly all their public dinners are finished without speeches. * * * THE cultivated English are far more temperate than in former days. At state dinners, which are costly and luxurious, the ministry are proverbially frugal, though Lord Derby, the late chief of the Foreign office, was inordinately fond of sherry. Nobody smokes in a private house, unless it is in the billiard-room. * * * BUT the English club-men are generally hearty drinkers. There are over seventy clubs in London alone. Gambling is not as common as it was in the days of Charles James Fox, who often lost a thousand pounds a night, while in the zenith of his parliamentary fame, and thought nothing of it. The Raleigh in the Pall Mall is still believed to indulge in cards for money; but modern John Bull prefers whist, brandy and soda, and hot Scotch or Irish whisky. Excessive dissipation is confined to the London gin-palaces, which abound in frightful proportion, where men and women drink fire-water and bad beer till they are sodden; and it is no infrequent sight to see a child made stupid by the milk of a drunken mother. * * * BUT the Russians bear the palm. They purchase most of the costly French champagnes, and they prefer "a mixed drink" of their own-- a fearful compound--after dinner, which is something like the English claret cup, that Charles Dickens loved to "compose," with fiery liquids added. * * * PRESIDENT and Mrs. Hayes are not altogether alone. They are doubtless more rigid than other rulers; but Queen Victoria is a model in her own house, like the good Prince Albert, and I happen to know that Gambetta, Laboulaye, Leon Say, Louis Blanc, Victor Hugo, the Orleans Princes, and the Bourbon pretenders, are moderate and careful men; and it is but just to say the same of the Emperor of Germany, the Russian Czar, the young King of Italy, and the widower monarch of Spain. * * * DEEP drinking is not so much the custom as it was, at least let us hope so. There is no better way to cure the abuse than to make it unfashionable. A good example is better than an angry sermon. Gerritt Smith, who died at a great age (78, I think), sat in Congress two years, from 1853 to 1855, and was one of the most genial, generous, and hospitable of men. He gave many splendid entertainments, and never had a drop of wine on his table. The jolly men were much amazed at his course; but he never apologised for it. * * * MY other good friend, Horace Greeley, was not so successful when he became a candidate for President in 1872. He was an extreme temperance leader, as pure as cool water, even in his blunders, but as much out of place as a Democratic nominee, as Bishop Simpson in the Vatican. After he agreed to stand for that high office, the Southern politicians called on him at Chappaqua, his country seat on the Harlem road, and he benevolently asked them to drink from his famous spring. They were surprised but submissive, until he offered them a second draught, at which Governor ___________, of Louisiana, somewhat testily declined, with the remark, "That that was a beverage he never internally applied." The legend runs that when the party left the white-haired editor, the Governor sadly observed that he had to drink several cocktails to keep the nomination down. * * * TALKING about slavery reminds me of the colored man, who in this day of talk and theory, seems the very best illustration of practical philosophy. He is certainly giving less trouble than either the Mongolian or the Caucasian. I heard a very extreme democrat, who has a splendid farm on Chestnut Hill, near this city, say, very recently, that he fed from ten to fifteen tramps a day, and never a negro. * * * THE CENTENNIAL OF THE NATIONAL CONSTITUTION NEW YORK CITY is adjusting herself for an International Exhibition during the Centennial month and year of the Constitution of the United States, September 17th, 1887. One hundred years before that date, George Washington, President of the Constitutional Convention of the United States, addressed the following letter to "His Excellency, the President of Congress," assembled at Independence Hall, in the city of Philadelphia. The letter is at once comprehensive and prophetic. To consolidate the Union was the one great object of Washington and his associates. The Articles of Confederation utterly failed to secure such a system; and it was only after new amendments, after a great civil war, that the chief object of the fathers of the Republic was attained. And now all parties yield to the doctrine set forth by Washington, ninety-one years ago. The Centennial of the Constitution could be commemorated in no better way than by an International Exhibition in the city of New York. Human progress will have a new illustration in 1887; and nine years is not too much time for the necessary preparations. LETTER OF THE CONVENTION TO THE OLD CONGRESS IN CONVENTION September 17th, 1787. SIR: We have now the honor to submit to the consideration of the United States in Congress assembled, that Constitution which has appeared to us the most advisable. The friends of our country have long seen and desired that the power of making war, peace and treaties; that of levying money and regulating commerce, and the correspondent executive and judicial authorities, should be fully and effectually vested in the General Government of the Union; but the impropriety of delegating such extensive trust to one body of men is evident; hence results the necessity of a different organization. It is obviously impracticable in the Federal Government of these States to secure all rights of independent sovereignty to each, and yet provide for the interest and safety of all. Individuals entering into society must give up a share of liberty to preserve the rest. The magnitude of the sacrifice must depend as well on situation and circumstance as on the object to be obtained. It is at all times difficult to draw with precision the line between those rights which must be surrendered and those which may be reserved; and, on the present occasion, this difficulty was increased by a difference among the several States as to their situation, extent, habits, and particular interests. In all our deliberations on the subject, we kept steadily in our view that which appears to us the greatest interest of every true American-- the consolidation of OUR UNION--in which is involved our prosperity, felicity, safety, perhaps our national existence. This important consideration seriously and deeply impressed on our minds, led each State in the Convention to be less rigid on points of inferior magnitude than might have been otherwise expected; and thus the Constitution, which we now present, is the result of a spirit of amity, and of that mutual deference and concession which the peculiarity of our political situation rendered indispensable. That it will meet the full and entire approbation of every State is not perhaps, to be expected; but each will doubtless consider that, had her interest been alone consulted, the consequences might have been particularly disagreeable or injurious to other. That it is liable to as few exceptions as could reasonably have been expected, we hope and believe; that it may promote the lasting welfare of that country so dear to us all, and secure her freedom and happiness is our most ardent wish. With great respect we have the honor to be, sir, your Excellency's most obedient, humble servants. By unanimous order of the Convention. GEORGE WASHINGTON, President. His Excellency, the President of Congress. PROCEEDINGS IN THE OLD CONGRESS. UNITED STATES IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED. Friday, September 28th, 1787. Present: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, and from Maryland, Mr. Ross. Congress having received the report of the Convention lately assem- 4 PROGRESS. [NOV. 16, 1878. bled in Philadelphia, Resolved, unanimously, that the said report, with the resolutions and letter accompanying the same, be transmitted to the several legislatures, in order to be submitted to a convention of delegates chosen in each State by the people thereof, in conformity to the resolves of the Convention, made and provided in that case. CHARLES THOMSON, Secretary STATES RATIFICATIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION. The Constitution was adopted September 17th, 1787, by the Convention appointed in pursuance of the resolution of the Congress of the Confederation of February 21st, 1787, and was ratified by the Convention of the several States as follows, viz.: BY Convention of Delaware, December 7th, 1787. By Convention of Pennsylvania, December 12th, 1787. By Convention of New Jersey, December 18th, 1787. By Convention of Georgia, January 2d, 1788. By Convention of Connecticut, January 9th, 1788. By Convention of Massachusetts, February 6th, 1788. By Convention of Maryland, April 28th, 1788. By Convention of South Carolina, May 23d, 1788. By Convention of New Hampshire, June 21st, 1788. By Convention of Virginia June 26th, 1788. By Convention of New York, July 26th, 1788. By Convention of North Carolina, November 21st, 1788. By Convention of Rhode Island, May 29th, 1790. Pennsylvania will be found ready to aid in the celebration of the Constitutional Centennial in New York, as New York was cold in her aid of the celebration of the Centennial of the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia. Nothing could have been more narrow and provincial than the course of our great cosmopolitan neighbor, and nothing can be more cosmopolitan and unselfish, we feel authorized to predict, than the course of Philadelphia to New York when the latter becomes a candidate for co-operation and sympathy. INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITIONS develop important facts of universal interest, and make all parts of the civilized world acquainted with each other. The Algerian department int he Champ-de-Mars has astonished even France, which had no adequate idea of the rapid growth and wealth of her most flourishing colony, especially during the last ten years. Algeria is only about three-fifth the size of France, and the exports of the colony in breadstuffs alone have risen to $15,000,000 a year; while the aggregate exports, including wool, wax, cotton, coral, etc., etc., reach $35,000,000; and the imports exceed this by some $7,000,000. The mines of iron, copper, lead, etc., yield an average of $1,000,000 a year. Wheat, barley, maize, oats, and hemp are successfully cultivated. The last census reports 159,000 horses, 137,000 mules, 175,000 asses, 185,000 camels, 1,559,000 horned cattle, 9,458,000 sheep, and 3,655,000 goats. More than 2,000,000 of the Eucalyptus globulus tree have been planted in the colony during the last ten years. The breath of the living tree neutralizes malaria, as the essence of its leaves is an antidote for typhus fever. As a market for French manufactures Algeria represents a demand of over $40,000,000 a year. SCENE IN A STREET CAR.—All the seats apparently occupied. Several gentlemen standing. A lady enters, and the conductor, by requesting the passengers on one side "to move up," finds her a place. That was his duty. But was it not his duty, before she entered to find places for the gentlemen standing? In other words, should a conductor allow a few people to fill all the seats in his car, while others, gentlemen or ladies, are standing? NO one has grown more since the adjournment of Congress than President Hayes. In the present temper of the country, a tranquil, even if colorless, administration like his is a great relief. It is a novelty, and, therefore, a rest to find one spot in our political system which is not turned into a party auction, or given over to men who live only by patronage. THE best music of the future will be when in our public and other schools for small children, instead of seeing sad faces, and eyes starting from their sockets with cerebral congestion, while poring over inextricable musses of rods and roods, tuns and tons, both long and short, hundred weights sometimes 12 per cent. above par, barrels of various capacities, and pounds of different weights, we shall hear the cheerful voices gleefully singing in a rhymical cadence, set to some popular air, the great arithmetical poem. It strengthens man in all physical investigations; it measures alike the great and the small, the solar system and the molecule; it minimizes the labor of dealing with number and quantity; it lessens the hours of work, and increases those of leisure and observation. It is easy to learn, and once learned, it is never forgotten. The first stanza runs: Ten millimeters make a centimeter, Ten centimeters make a decimeter, Ten decimeters make a whole meter, Ten whole meters make a decameter, Ten decameters make a hectometer, Ten hectometers make a kilometer. ARNOLD THE PATRIOT AND ARNOLD THE TRAITOR WE shall greet with pleasure the forthcoming volumes by Hon. Isaac N. Arnold, President of the Historical Society of Chicago, entitled as above, and when we have seen their pages, they shall receive just criticism. We know the ability and the accuracy of the writer, who has paved the way for respectful attention by his world-read life of Abraham Lincoln, and will also be recollected as a distinguished representative in Congress from Illinois, from 1860 to 1864. Mr. Arnold can scarcely be said to possess the sympathies which belong to consanguinity with the Arnolds, inasmuch as the common ancestor dates back two hundred and fifty years. Being recently asked what apology he could offer the American public for any utterance in favor of such a man as Benedict Arnold, he replied, "that no apology would ever be needed for truthful history, and even if it were, the first five words of the preface would content the bitterest foe: 'Give the devil his due.'" The writer will present to the public much unpublished history, which others have either not seen, or feared to note, and will repel with indubitable proof much that has been written by Arnold's foes relative to his military career while yet a true man. He will, however, treat his after-life and his treason with withering severity. So, therefore, both sides of Arnold's character will receive justice. In the written histories we fear that the unanimous indignation of the American people against the world-renowned traitor, has hitherto prevented a careful review of Arnold's life while a patriot and the trusted friend of Washington. But now that a hundred years and more have passed, and generations faded away, we are prepared to receive history accurately recorded. Mr. Arnold has spared neither trouble nor labor in his researches of many years into the history of the past. His access to unpublished correspondence and records, English, Canadian, and American, has furnished him with a vast array of matter, and he is the one to place it in a form acceptable to the characteristic sense of justice of the American people. THERE is little which could be said, that has been left unsaid, about M. Thiers, but it is not generally known, that this remarkable statesman was a capital shot with the pistol. In 1834 he accepted a challenge from a legitimist nobleman, the trouble growing out of a dispute in the lobby of the Chamber of Deputies. They were to meet in the Bois de Vincennes, at eight o'clock on an October morning. M. Thiers drove to the ground accompanied by the Comte de Rémusat, and a liberal deputy, his second. All the way he talked about the trajectory of cannon-balls and bullets, as if he was going to see experiments in gunnery. When they arrived the nobleman kept them waiting a few minutes, and when he appeared apologized for the delay, which he could do with good grace, inasmuch as he had fought often enough to prove that it was not cowardice which kept him. Bloodshed was happily avoided, through talking over the affair, and the two gentlemen shook hands. M. Thiers, however, was rather disappointed that he had had no opportunity of showing his skill, and he told the Comte de Rémusat, that he had intended "sending a bullet through the top of his enemy's hat." The Comte looked dubious. "What, do you doubt it?" said the vivacious statesman, "just stand off twenty paces, and I'll put a bullet through your hat," The Comte begged to be excused. NOV. 16, 1878.] PROGRESS. 5 A GOOD story was related in the presence of General Grant at a dinner party in Paris, one day early in October. A democrat in the company said that the was pleased to see that when the General left Philadelphia for Europe, in the summer of 1877, the democrats were as prominent in honoring his departure as the republicans. A republican guest responded by telling an incident in the career of the late General Frank Blair, son of the venerable Francis P. Blair, editor of the Globe under the last four years' administration of Jackson and the entire term of Van Buren. Frank was also democratic candidate for Vice-President with Horatio Seymour against Grant and Colfax in 1868. "He was as good a fellow as ever lived," said the republican, "but was sometimes mellow when he made a speech. On one occasion he was called upon to address the New York Fenians when they were hot against England. He told them how he sympathized with them, and how sincerely he wished them success against their British oppressors. 'I don't like Grant,' he said, 'but when next I see him I will ask him as a personal favor, to place the whole American navy at the disposal of my Fenian friends. Then I will help to put them all on board, and I will go down with them as far as Sandy Hook; there I will bid them an affectionate farewell, fervently praying that, as they are sailing down the Narrows, they will never return to the United States.' "I am afraid," said my republican guest, "that's the way the Democrats of Philadelphia felt when they bid General Grant good-bye at Christian Street wharf, in the summer of 1877." IT is no news that rings have been formed in school boards to control school-books. Those who remember the battle of the dictionaries some years ago, in Philadelphia, need not be reminded of the efforts and the money, freely used by the rival houses, to secure official and newspaper aid. Lately, a similar scheme was attempted at Harrisburg, but was defeated by the stern opposition of Professor J. P. Wicker-sham, Superintendent of Public Education. The bill proposed organizing the scheme to establish at the State Capitol a great State book concern, which should furnish all the books used by the pupils in the common schools. It was a job involving two or three millions of dollars annually. It passed the Senate, but was finally defeated in the House. A recent report of Professor Wickersham tells the whole story. Even under the present system there is a widespread complaint by the parents, in consequence of the frequent changes in text-books for their children in the public schools, brought about by publishers, agents, and other interested parties. A system which has been the pride of Pennsylvania, for many years, is falling into disrepute under these practices. Like other bad practices this book-jobbing is copied in other countries. The English people are also beginning to complain. What is here stated in Yates's London World is exactly like the stories that have come to our ears at home. "'Your paragraph last week,' says a correspondent, 'concerning school inspectors having a personal interest in the books they recommend, throws a gleam of light on a complaint made to me some days ago in an unexpected place. I was stalking grouse among the corn stooks in Morayshire, when a heavy shower drove me for shelter to a neighboring croft. While chatting with the gudewife over the fire, I noticed that the place was swarming with human beings, and soon discovered that the entire population of the district claimed but one mother, my comely buxom hostess. Tough plowmen, broad-backed young women, and bairns of all ages were calling her mother, while she herself was mothering a small and active bundle in the unhidden recesses of her bosom. A case clearly of minus Malthus plus the Lord's will, and it is wonderful what the latter can stow away under a low-thatched roof. 'But, eh, sir,' she continued, 'it'll be a terrible relief when the schule opens next week gen syne, for there are siven o' them a'ready to go. Weel, sir, it's no sae much the schule fees we grudge as the conteenual demand for new books. It's half a croon this week and a shullin' the next, for long afore the book is worn oot anither maun tak its place. Yes, it's very hard on puir folk wi' the peat forbye, for ivery bairn has tae tak her ain bit peaty to add to the schule fire, and anon they travel wi' their peat and their books for twa miles through the snow and the bogs, and the book's naething but useless trash in a week or twa, and naebody's the better o't that I can see whativer.' But who knows?" TWO public gambling houses struggled through the season at Cape May the past summer. The son of one of our distinguished judges, having courted fortune, and been unkindly received, was consoled by the victorious knight of the green cloth in these words: "Well, you see, my boy, your father once sent me to the penitentiary for six months for keeping a gambling saloon." THOSE of us who remember the first sleeping-cars, willingly concede the improvements of Woodruff and Pullman. A night trip from Philadelphia to Washington in '62 or '63, was an experience of misery not soon to be forgotten. Now the "sleeper" is as comfortable and convenient as money and ingenuity can make it, though the complaint of the ladies, that it does not give them the privacy they wish is strangely ignored. The sleeping-car is no longer an experiment. It has enriched its originators and their copyists, and the other week, when the Pullman Company lost a large sum by defalcation - a sum which would have crippled many an older corporation - it declared its operations would in no way be interfered with. The annual statement showed a profit which proved its stability. It made the question pertinent; Is it not time to reduce the charges for berths? A dollar and two dollars for short journeys is extravagant if not exorbitant. EDWARD SHIPPEN, Consul of Chili at Philadelphia, has received a letter from Horace N. Fisk, Consul of Chili at Boston, advising him that the government of Chili has issued a decree for a heavy sale of government guano. The sale occurs at Santiago January 15th, 1879, and 400,000 tons will be disposed of. Consul Fisk, in writing that 60,000 tons are to be annually placed upon the market, in addition to the 100,000 now supplied by Peru, believes that the price may in consequence be reduced, guano brought into more general use in our country, and the commerce between the United States and Chili increased. He further reports that there is unusual interest in his consular district in South American trade, especially in that near Chili; and he is satisfied this feeling will lead to more extended commercial relations in the near future. IS this old enough to be new again? Charles Mathews, the elder, on his return home after his visit to America, related to his audiences how one of his companions was taken aback. This gentleman found great amusement in calling all Americans "Yankees." "Let me tell you the definition of the word 'Yankee,'" said a citizen to him one day. "When the English first came to America, the negroes called them l'Anglais, which soon became corrupted into Anglee; and, at length, as a matter of course, every Englishman in the end was called 'Yankee.'" After that there was nothing more to say. Here is another delicious hit. "Jonathan says, 'There's a sleigh, I guess.' John: 'You shouldn't say I guess, you know.' Jonathan: 'But you say, you know, I guess.' John: 'But if I say you know, you say I guess, you know, but I don't say you know, you know.'" GOVERNOR WADE HAMPTON, of South Carolina, does not seem to have kept his faith in regard to fair elections in that State, which gave one hundred thousand Democratic majority on the 5th, although even the Tilden managers gave it to Hayes in 1876. Nothing could be worse than such an exhibit. The New York Tribune puts the case strongly: "This is but one State out of sixteen . . . . With respect to each and all of them, the question will now be asked for two years, and will become a very important question in the next Presidential election, whether sixteen mob despotisms have any business to control the Government of the United States?" As we have intimated elsewhere, Mr. Hampton and his imitators have by this time discovered that the United States Government and people themselves have been so powerfuly reinforced by late events, that even the Democrats of the North will be ashamed to tolerate connivance with this foul play at the South. RIFLING graves is the last invention of modern crime. The genius of villainy is a strange study. As much thought, culture, and skill are often given to a counterfeit note as would make their possessor conspicuous in art; and the industry and skill to steal a dead man's bones, given to a better cause, would make a large family comfortable for years. 6 PROGRESS [Nov.16, 1878. FINANCE The Elements of Progress are well described in Bishop Hall's declaration that "Lord Bacon saith truly, there are three things which make a nation great and prosperous,- a fertile soil, busy workshops, and easy conveyance for men and commodities from one place to another; to which let me add knowledge and freedom." The American people are so richly endowed with all these essentials, that the adversities to which they have been subjected, and the paralyzing influences which temporarily prostrated some of their great industries, have never yet compelled an unconditional surrender to Giant Despair, or destroyed any of the vital germs of recuperation. Even the particular individuals, firms, or corporations that fail disastrously are often able to rebuild splendid edifices on old ruins, to recover lost standing, to restore blighted credit, and to carve out new paths of profitable usefulness. The present era is fruitful in illustrations of these truisms, furnished by solid proofs of financial recovery in many directions, and by hopeful indications in many of the quarters where firm ground has not yet been reached. AGRICULTURE.- The first and most enduring signs of industrial rehabilitation have been furnished by the enormous increase in the production and exportation of agricultural staples. No other nation can furnish an approach to the substantial substratum of indestructible wealth possessed by the American farmers, and the mere additions to the broad sweep of fertile soil under culture, made during the last few years in this country, would form a fair parallel for the entire arable area of a number of the European kingdoms. The old process of founding new States, and opening up new grain, cotton, and stock-raising districts is being repeated with a rapidity and degree of success that surpass the brilliancy of any of the former achievements of a similar character which were the main agents in advancing the Union to its present position. The statistics relating to the exports of corn, wheat, flour, cotton, and provisions afford such wonderful evidence of ability to furnish surplus stocks of food and of material for clothing that it is scarcely possible to conceive of a foreign demand for the great necessaries of life, which our citizens, after due notice, could not supply. There has never been, in any age or country, any kind of progress, vitally essential to human welfare, more remarkable and beneficial than the expansion of the domains of fertility in the United States during the last quarter of a century. Formerly the soundness of the entire financial system then existing was supposed to be dependent upon the magnitude of cotton exports combined with the chance of finding a foreign market for a few cargoes of grain. Now we are sending abroad grain that represents as large a money value as the exports of cotton, and the value of the exports of provisions is fast approaching the old standard of cotton exports. In 1850 the total exports of agricultural products were valued at $123,825,808 ; in 1869 at $295,081,484 ; and during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1878, they were valued at $592,475,813. Of this last-mentioned sum, unmanufactured cotton represented $180,031,484 ; breadstuffs, $180,069,868 ; and provisions, $114,991,644. The enormous crops of the present year indicate that they will greatly increase the quantities of each of the leading staples heretofore available for exportation. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.- The contrast between the present and the past is even more marked in the increased degree to which the development of home manufacturing industries has diminished our dependence upon foreign nations for essential wares and fabrics, than in the increase of exports of agricultural products. There is always more or less danger that foreign markets cannot be found for all our surplus cotton, grain, and provisions. Even now some apprehensions have been awakened by unusually large accumulations of wheat in our commercial centres; and Russia may soon become a damaging competitor in the English grain markets. But, however much the magnitude of our exports of agricultural produce may decline, it is evident that any disappointment or loss, occasioned by such a cause, would be intensified if our citizens were wholly or mainly dependant upon these sales for their supplies of iron, steel, textile fabrics, or any other essential product of skilled industry; and, fortunately, this source of apprehension no longer exists. We have made, can make, and are now making, nearly every article for which there is a popular demand, in such a superior style that wherever American goods of many kinds are offered for sale, under reasonably favorable conditions, in foreign countries, they are preferred to the corresponding products of the most advanced European nations. And, now, instead of sending abroad farm produce to buy English iron and cotton fabrics, we are bringing back government bonds and railway securities, paying old debts instead of contracting new ones, and working our way to the position of financial independence which must follow, as certainly as day follows night, the maintenance of aggregate foreign trade relations like those now existing. Meanwhile, one of the most serious cases of complaint, that "busy workshops" are not as numerous as they should be, is losing much of its force. The number of victims of enforced idleness has repeatedly been exaggerated, and in many trades it is certainly diminishing. No mistake can be greater than to suppose that the mass of the American people have not been actively employed during the last few years. The abundance of all useful articles proves the fallacy of this assumption, and there are very few standard employments in which the gross amount of work performed and things created does not far exceed the former average. Whatever remains of cause for complaint on this score is largely due to the cautiousness and close economy, engendered by hard times, which have fostered habits of under-consumption, and induced many persons to be niggardly, to an unnecessary and uncomfortable extent, in personal expenditures. As a nation, we have rushed from lavishness too far to the opposite extreme, and the correction of this tendency, after all the terrors of resumption are discounted, will go far to restore prosperity to the industries which have not yet reaped the fruits of a beneficial reaction. RAILWAYS.-The recent restoration of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company to the list of dividend paying organizations affords gratifying proof of the substantial improvement of the fortunes of a considerable proportion of the entire transportation system of this country, inasmuch as that company owns or controls about one-tenth of the existing American railway mileage, and it is only after provision has been made for the responsibilities incurred by this extensive domination, that proper attention can be paid to the chains of the stockholders. Although the dividend now announced is at the rate of four per cent. per annum, the payment of the sum it represents will furnish a just cause for rejoicing in many households, especially as the belief is strengthening that dividends are not likely to be again suspended, and as the steady and gradual reduction of existing liabilities is provided for by the new trust scheme. The improvement in the financial condition of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company is by no means peculiar. All the substantial corporations whose lines traverse the Western and Northwestern States have been benefitted by the recent course of events; some of the companies that were on the verge of bankruptcy a few years ago, and others actually in the hands of receivers, now have a promising future; and few of the prominent Western organizations that ever legitimately earned satisfactory dividends are unable to earn them now. A few months ago, the Lousiville and Nashville, the leading railway company of the Southwest, which owns or controls several thousand miles of railway in Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, and other States, resumed the payment of dividends. The reorganization of the Erie, under the name of the New York, Lake Erie, and Western, is substantially completed, and it is to be hoped that this step will be followed, at no distant period, by the ability to make returns to its shareholders. The general tendency, for some months past, has been towards an improvement in the present and prospective value of nearly all American railway securities. As a rule, the pressure of the tribulations caused by exceedingly low rates, diminution in the amount of travel, loss of credit, and consequent inability to borrow money even for the construction of necessary improvements and extensions, is gradually diminishing. As the people grow more prosperous the receipts for passenger service increase, and this single change is having a perceptible influence upon the financial condition of many companies. The spirit of rivalry which formerly prevailed, and fomented many disastrous railway wars, has been succeeded by an earnest desire to adopt an amicable and conciliatory policy. Current expenditures have been reduced to a marvellous extent, and the cost of transportation on many roads has fallen to exceedingly low figures. A significant proof of the might changes wrought in this direction is furnished by the fact that of the immense wheat crops of the West and Northwest brought to the leading Atlantic seaports during the present year,-a traffic which was formerly nearly monopolized by the lake carriers and the Erie Canal,-136,116,633 bushels were transported by the railways leading into Philadelphia, New York, Baltimore, and Boston, while only 53,863,689 bushels were forwarded to New York by the water routes. Considering extent of territory and variety of climate, soil, and capacity of production, no people have hitherto enjoyed a tithe of the enormous advantages derivable from the "easy conveyance for men and commodities from one place to another," that are now possessed by the citizens of the United States; and improvement in this direction arising from an increase in the speed of passenger trains, introduction of new safeguards against accident, reduction of the cost of shipping large amounts of freight over long distances, and construction of new lines, goes on incessantly. Amid all the complaints of railway defalcacations, and against special features of railway management, the fact remains that we have great iron highways extending in every important direction, and performing such inestimable services that every wise government in the world is now endeavoring to hasten the commencement and progress of great tasks similar to those we have already accomplished. In France, Germany, Russia, Austria, Turkey, Portugal, Italy, Brazil, Canada, India, Australia, Mexico, and Japan, the desirability of an imitation of our example in the matter of providing abundant facilities for cheap and rapid intercourse, is receiving important practical recognition at the present time; and the fact that the American people are rapidly surmounting all the difficulties arising from world-wide depression,-notwithstanding the special burdens imposed here by a protracted civil war, heavy national, state, municipal, and corporate debts, and the transition from paper to gold measures of value,-is properly attributed, in a large degree, to our possession of a transportation system sufficiently comprehensive to facilitate the utilization of all classes of our natural resources. NOV. 16, 1878.] PROGRESS. 7 ANTHRACITE COAL COMBINATION.-Probably no State has been more heavily stricken by the financial and industrial revolutions of the last five years than Pennsylvania, and the losses of her anthracite coal miners and carriers have been especially severe. In response to what seemed to be an unfailing and increasing demand, enormous expenditures were made for the opening of new coal mines and the construction of extensions of the coal-carrying railways. These movements were so extensive that it would scarcely be difficult to mine and transport nearly double the quantity of anthracite for which remunerative markets can now be found, and for this reason, mainly, it is not possible, in the present condition of affairs, to earn a fair return for all the capital invested. Relatively speaking, the magnitude of the bituminous coal mining interests, throughout the nation at large, has been advancing, while the consumption of anthracite has been decreasing. The mild weather last winter had an exceptional influence in diminishing the quantities of anthracite needed for domestic consumption, and the tendency in iron manufacture, towards a relative increase of the number of furnaces which use coke, had a similar effect. Under these circumstances, the formation of the existing combination, by which an approximately close relation has been established between supply and demand, was a wise measure. It has already had a perceptible effect in increasing the price of coal, and the continuance of the present system, with such modifications as circumstances may have rendered necessary and just, would evidently be conducive to the prosperity of all the anthracite roads. Great interest is, therefore, felt in the final action of the Lehigh Valley Company and the operators along its lines, as the danger of a disruption comes chiefly from that quarter; but it is to be hoped that the anxieties engendered by the prevailing uncertainty will soon be dispelled. THE ELECTIONS.-Aside from the partisan results of the late elections it is evident that they will strengthen all the existing financial programmes which depend upon official action. Resumption is assured. Whether the people agree that whatever is is right, or not, they have practically decided that the present course of affairs shall not be speedily or suddenly revolutionized, and this conclusion has been reached after unusually ample opportunities for the discussion of financial questions had been afforded, and after a hearing had been granted to advocates of the greenback system and champions of the labor party. Whether the agitations now temporarily suspended will be actively resumed depends largely upon the degree of success that will attend the restoration of specie payments. We must have issues of some kind to furnish a basis for political divisions, and when money questions once fairly enter into politics, it is not easy to reach a final settlement. THEATRES DRAMA AND LYRIC DRAMA THE "WAVE-MOTION" IN ART. ART progress is never continuous, but resembles in its movement the irresolute yet resistless "wave-motion" so beautifully and imposingly illustrated by the ceaseless undulations of the sea. This wave-motion, science tells us, is typical of all the forces of nature. Art, the imagery of nature, therefore follows the same poetic law. There is a forward bound, then a latent relapse, succeeded by another onward roll, potent as the restless majesty of multitudinous waters, but never resembling the direct currents of flowing streams. In dramatic art this rule is peculiarly emphasized. The imitative instinct being inherent in human nature, we find a rude kind of drama among the most barbarous nations of the ancients, but after reaching a certain point it seems to have slumbered or receded until the festivals of Bacchus were introduced into Greece, by Melampus, seven hundred years before Christ. For two centuries the dramatic wave bent further and further backward, until the dithyrambus of the Greeks (a chorus accompanied by expressive gesture) gave it a second onward bound. A brief period of retrogression was followed by a remarkable advance in the time of Aeschylus, who substituted dialogue for narrative, made the chorus and the music auxiliaries, and introduced scenery. The same wave obtained additional power from the inspiration of Sophocles and Euripides. Another began in the twelfth century, with the entrements at royal banquets, but the last and the mightiest received its wondrous impetus from the genius of Shakespeare. If those who prate of the decline of the drama are to be trusted, we are now in its surf; but we prefer to regard the seeming recession as only a preparation for another leap, for history proves that the course of the drama is ever onward and upward with the progress of civilization. In an art, therefore, so full of mutation, so dependent on exceptional conditions for development, yet so infinite in possibilities, would it not be well to employ with greater caution those oft-quoted, yet seldom defined dramatic "standards," lest by an excessive devotion to the forms of the past we retard the very progress so impatiently awaited. In dramatic composition, for instance, the French writers for many years adhered so closely to the unities that they advanced but little beyond the ancient Greeks, and yet at that period a play disregarding the unities would have been condemned as at variance with dramatic standards. But it was this very defiance of all precedent, all accepted models, all standards, that gave Shakespeare's immortal creations to the world. In judging of acting by generally recognized criterions the difficulties are multiplied. To demand that the actors of the present shall be effigies of those of the past is not merely to assume that the dramatic wave cannot again advance; it is to compare sight and hearing with memory and tradition, forgetting that in time as well as in space "distance lends enchantment to the view." It is a fortunate peculiarity of the mind that only the most agreeable things are vividly remembered, the thousand and one unimportant but tiresome details being forgotten; but when this peculiarity serves to overestimate the power of old-time actors, it is particularly unfortunate-for the living. It is also well to bear in mind that the impressions made upon our imaginations by the actors of a former generation were the rosy impressions of adolescence, and, perhaps, not infrequently we credited the actor with effects almost entirely due to the situation. But while it is not always safe to rely on dramatic standards of any kind, there are in the drama, as in all arts, certain underlying principles which it is the pleasure, the privilege, and the duty of the critic to analize, to master, and to apply to the plays or impersonations upon which he may be expected to pass judgment. These principles are as immutable as truth, for they represent truth; they are all indicated and included in one line from Hamlet's advice to the players: "To hold, as 'twere, the mirror up to nature." This means, not that nature is to be imitated with all its vulgarity of detail, for a mirrored object is always an idealized image of that object; a good mirror projects a reflection whose delicate lights and shades subtly develop leading characteristics while subduing unimportant blemishes. To "mirror nature" is, therefore, to present nature unencumbered by needless commonplaces - to merge the real into a vivid and universally recognized label. Analysis will discover other principles of vital importance, but this is the central truth about which all the others revolve like planets round their sun. Let it be remembered, however, that these are principles, not standards. Principles underlie art, standards are constructed from the achievements of art; principles are basic, standards superstructural; principles are necessary to an effect, standards only useful in measuring an effect. Much criticism, too much, we think, relies entirely on accepted standards, and thus forms a large, somewhat disorderly, and very conservative school of its own; other criticism, too little, we think, judges every performance by the recognized principles of dramatic art, and it is this ever-advancing class that PROGRESS will seek to encourage. "MY SON" AT THE CHESTNUT. Some plays are made great - by the authors; others become great - through the actors, and many have greatness thrust upon them - by unduly benevolent critics. Partly to the first and partly to the second class belongs "My Son," an English adaptation of L'Arouge's German play "Mien Leopold," now running at the Chestnut. With a poor company it would be a good but not a great play; with a good company it is almost a triumph. The work is uniquely natural, being a reproduction rather than a reflection of everyday life. So frank, simple, unsentimental is the quality of its dialogue and incident, and so commonplace its realism, that one almost feels an impulse of uneasiness in the rôle of spectator, as though one were eavesdropping rather than patronizing the drama. But its freshness of outline and vividness of portraiture give it a popular attraction, which is enhanced by its purely human interest. This is sustained by an undercurrent of well reserved, quietly persistent dramatic power, that magnetizes while keeping comfortably aglow the faculty of sympathetic observation. It contains nothing morbid, and not an utterance which brings unpleasantly to mind the author, his aims or intents. Most commendable is the dramatic skill that is least conspicuous when most deserving of note, and this play, erring in its excessive fidelity to some of the most unromantic phases of existence, yet finds for its frailties a speedy absolution through its sincerity, repose, and admitted, though sometimes unpleasant, truth. German in text and situation, it is German also in conception and treatment; German in its phlegmatic yet often effective humor. It is, however, decidedly American in its denouement, for no one but a cute Yankee, anxious to please his "customers," would think of admitting the return of the scapegrace, son who smilingly condescends an off-hand repentance, and thus not only disturbs the interesting pathos of the consummation, but completely reverses the most trenchant motive of the play. Artistically, "My Son" presents several curious anomalies. Many characters unnecessary to the dramatic narrative and which retard the action, are introduced, yet they never seem superfluous; much of the comedy element is old and almost vulgar, yet the atmosphere of the work is fresh and pure; it is almost without action, yet it never drags; the lines are often needlessly prolonged, yet are seldom tedious. In brief, "My Son" is so full of seeming crudities and possesses so few marked merits, that the enumeration of both would be its condemnation. But, as a rule, it is true to the basic principles of dramatic composition, and as a consequence it is a pronounced success. It is handsomely mounted at the Chestnut, and excellently acted. EMMA ABBOTT IN OPERA Music and the drama if sister arts, are not twin sisters, and though operatic composers have proceeded on the assumption that the two are united by a Siamese bond, experience proves that only in exceptional cases can the dual conceptions be adequately interpreted. A phenomenal voice, a sensitive musical ear, and genuine dramatic power are so rarely combined that, should completeness of representation be demanded, the opera would soon be relegated to the realms of fancy. As we can so seldom hope for extraordinary excellencies, both musical and dramatic, we should warmly welcome performers who possess these opposite talents in a high, though, perhaps, not the highest degree. It will usually be found that such artistes are far more satisfactory than those who, though wonderful singers, are mediocre as actors, or vice versa. Among the few who most nearly meet all the requirements of art-excellence should be mentioned Miss Emma Abbott, who is now appearing, for the first season in opera, and has, for the past two weeks, been delighting large audiences at the Broad Street Theatre by her performance in "Mignon," "The Bohemian Girl," "Faust," and "Martha." Most of the rôles, as will be observed, are of a comparatively light character, and yet all demand good singing and good acting. In all, Miss Abbott has been remarkably successful, her best characterization being that of Marguerite, in "Faust." With a voice of little more volume and with sufficient dramatic training, to admit of sustained intensity during the difficult scene where Marguerite is cursed by Valentine, Miss Abbott would become one of the very best exponents of this double conception on the stage. Her voice is singularly pure, sweet, and flutelike in quality, and it has been thoroughly and artistically cultivated. In her singing, the only fault is a tendency to display her vocal acquirements in defiance of the score, but this is seldom carried to excess, except in the sostenuto. Never, under any circumstances, does the rendition of even the most difficult music require from her obvious exertion, and generally the melody pours from her throat as naturally, and seemingly as instinctively, as the spring song of a bird. But delightfully supplementary to her interpretation and rendition of the score is her impersonation of the character of Marguerite. It has youth, purity, childlike innocence, and abandon in the opening scenes, followed by ardor, passion, remorse, anguish, and despair, as the opera develops. Every succeeding phase of emotions is vividly simulated, and the conflicts of feeling are portrayed with marvellous delicacy and fidelity. Her performance, when closely regarded in detail, presents many crudities, but they are those of a novice, not of an artist whose genius is one-sided. In fact, Miss Abbot is so natural an actress that one is involuntarily led to compare her work with the best achievements, not of the lyric drama, but of the drama, itself, forgetting that she is also a singer. We have no hesitation in saying, that though she is now far from ideal perfection, her performance is so much above the average as to give promise of an exceptionally brilliant future. ASIDES. Clara Morris is filling an engagement at Baldwin's Theatre, San Francisco, and it is rumored that she will appear in a series of light comedy roles before her return to the East. The new opera of "Fatinitza," recently produced at the California Theatre in San Francisco, is reported to be "unsuccessful musically, but attractive on account of the exceptional opportunities it affords for elaborate mounting." The score has plenty of good music from a technical standpoint, but it is pronounced "too heavy" for the libretto. Hermann Linde, the Shakespearian reader, whose debut as Macbeth at the Chestnut last season, proved anything but a dramatic triumph, will make another attempt of the same kind in New York next January. Madam Modjeska, who paints life exquisitely "with a camel's-hair brush," has just concluded an artistically successful engagement at the Fifth Avenue, New York, and has been succeeded by Edwin Booth. 8 PROGRESS. [NOV. 16, 1878. HENRY ARMITT BROWN. BORN DECEMBER 1ST, 1844, DIED AUGUST 22D, 1878. Our lives are often open books to other men, Too often written with unconscious pen, Regardless of the harm or good we do; Which of our deeds are false, and which are true. And thus the final record is by others made, Before the final sentence by ourselves is said. So that few human lives are lived by rule; The world for this is far too stern a school; If thorough honesty is not strong within, No surface precept can resist the sin; There must be a true heart with purpose kind, To sanctify and guide the fearless mind. This noble spirit was so entirely good, That he bettered others in his every mood. He did not win by any indirection, He had no narrow pride of local section; He hated slavery as he hated lies, But he was too conservative and wise To rail at men who had the curse to bear, And all its bitter penalties to share. He scorned the persecuting arts of those Who make of independent men their foes, But always—and he often spoke of them— It was their public conduct to condemn, And point the way of ultimate Reform, That was his shining beacon in the storm. He loved the people, and he always knew, Tho' hard to waken, they were always true. That he who manfully their battle fought Would profit in their sober second thought. And so he loved his party, but not blindly; Still with the politicians he kindly Pleaded for the coming better day, When all our imperfections purged away, Our nation might yet proudly stand, Great Freedom's gospel unto every land. Some men yield to party lash and law, Or angrily and mournfully withdraw To business, or hie away from town; Not so with gallant Henry Armitt Brown. Resisting all temptations, he held fast To honest truth, and to the very last, In every contest in the State and nation He struggled boldly for his land's salvation. And so fighting for his country's cause, For stronger leaders and for better laws, He fell, in the glory of his manly time, On the bright threshold of his splendid prime. I heard his death in a glittering crowd afar, It blinded me like a falling star. So golden was it when I saw it last, So full of radiance the glow it cast, That it seemed a fixture in the sky; A planet that was "not born to die." There was one regret on that dismal day, As from the laughing crowd I stole away; That I could not, in this sad eclipse, Imprint one warm kiss on his still, cold lips. J. W. F. OUR BOOK TABLE. AMERICAN COLLEGES; THEIR STUDENTS AND WORK. By Charles F. Thwing. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York, p. 155. The first characteristic of this little work is the practical, common-sense method in which the author has gone to work. He has made up a handbook which gives a clear and fair idea of the different colleges, their relative positions in regard to special studies, expenses, and moral influence. The amount of research condensed into these pages is not easily estimated by any one who has never worked up data on a given subject, and Mr. Thwing, if he is open to criticism, has done a good and timely work. One of the most valuable chapters is upon fellowships. Every reader of the literature of England has some idea of what an Oxford fellowship, and sometimes, what a scholarship, means. The twenty colleges which make up "Oxford" possess three hundred fellowships, and as many scholarships. The scholars and fellows are elected upon a competitive examination, and the fellow can, if he is careful never to get married, never to fall heir to money above a certain amount, or to receive ecclesiastical preferment, keep his place for life. The fellowship are designed to accomplish several objects, but the great good they do is to give England a class of scholars, free from pecuniary need, not burdened with official duties, and so able to pursue their own line of study and research. Oxford gives about $450,000 in fellowships, the income to each fellow being about $1000 or $1500. The German universities allow certain privileges and give a certain amount of pecuniary aid to needy scholars, but they have no fellowships nor scholarships. In this country we do better than Germany, but we are far behind England, Yale, Princeton, Harvard, and the Johns Hopkins being the principal colleges out of a list of over three hundred that gave this aid to students. Of these Harvard, especially with its "travelling fellowships," and the Johns Hopkins are the most liberal. The difference between an English and an American fellowship lies in the fact that American is not only limited in time, but it is no sinecure. The Oxford fellow may study if he chooses, but the American must. The positions is given to him as a privilege, he frequently is obliged to decide upon his line of study before it is bestowed upon him, and he is under official, as well as moral, obligation to make a return in culture and in scholarship for what he has received from his college. THE new feature of the Penn Monthly for November is a story, but as it is from the German, it is, perhaps, not to be considered as a new departure, although it is a love-story, and dramatic enough in treatment to be put upon the parlor stage. The most popular article, in these days of fever, is likely to be Dr. Joseph G. Richardson's paper on the "Germ Theory of Disease." It is an interesting résumé of what is known of the supposed influence that micro scopic germs exert in causing and propagating infectious diseases. The writer acknowledges the prospective, rather than the actual use the public can make of the theory, and present no methods of prevention differing from those already commended. There is a chapter from Bolles' forthcoming History of American Finance, upon Robert Morris, a man who proved that it was once possible to manage public funds in honesty and to their advantage, and another on "Our Commercial Future," by Professor Thompson, which ought to be commended to Philadelphians, who have the manufactories and the harbor, and who ought also to have the steamships and the commerce. ONE of the most attractive features in St. Nicholas, to a large class of young students, has always been its French and German stories. They are pleasant to translate, and they have no flavor of the school. Sometimes the older people have complained that they were English rendered into another language; but the German story Mrs. Bayard Taylor is to write for the December number will, of course, be perfect in style and idiom. Mrs. Mary Mapes Dodge will publish two poems in the same number, one of which will be illustrated by a wood engraving after John Phillip, R.A.; and Mrs. Mary Hallock Foote, happy in being both artist and writer, gives an illustrated article on A Muchacho of the Mexican Camp. The Peterkin family begin to study the languages, and a timely article—for St. Nicholas always keeps an almanac at hand—upon the Mistletoe, will be illustrated by W. J. Hennessy. ________________________________________ BOOKS OF THE WEEK. G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York: American Colleges: Their Students and Work. By Charles F. Thwing. Pp. 155. D. Appleton & Co., New York: Studies in the Creative Week. By George D. Boardman. Pp. 327. Charles P. Somerby, New York: The Ethics of Positivism. By Giacomo Barzellotti. Pp. 327. Bookseller, J. B. Lippincott & Co. J. B. Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia: Harvey and His Discovery. By J. M. Da Costa, M.D. Pp. 57.—"For Percival." A Novel, illustrated. Pp. 386.—Thirty Years at Sea: The Story of a Sailor's Life. By E. Shippen, U.S.N. Pp. 380. T. B. Peterson & Brothers, Philadelphia: Marrying Off a Daughter. by Henry Gréville. Pp. 288.—Dosia. by Henry Gréville. Pp. 260.—A Woman's Mistake. By Madame Angèle Dussaud.—A Quiet Life, and The Tide on the Moaning Bar. By Mrs. Frances Hodgson Burnett. Pp. 230. —Helène: A Love Episode. By Emile Zola. Pp. 334. Claxton Remsen & Haffelfinger, Philadelphia: To the Sun. By Jules Verne. Illustrated. Pp. 401.—Off on a Comet: A Sequel to "The Sun." By Jules Verne. Illustrated. Pp. 472.—On the Plains and Among the Peaks; or, How Mrs. Maxwell made her Natural History Collection. By Mary Dartt. Pp. 237.—Treasury of Wit, Wisdom, and Humor, Odd Comparisons and Proverbs. Compiled and arranged by Adam Wooléver. NOV. 16, 1878] PROGRESS. 9 OUR CLUBS THE PHILADELPHIA CLUB. MEN may be divided into two classes, those who belong to clubs and those who do not. To a Londoner this division would be natural enough; to a Philadelphian it will seem odd. Yet in this city there has been and is a strong undercurrent of club-life influencing not only society, but also our municipal government, and in some instances even national affairs. No apology is needed for the existence of clubs. By reason of circumstances, or natural inclination, many men are not domestic in character. There is scarcely another vent for their restlessness less harmful as club-life. Sometimes, too, these organizations are formed for noble purposes. In a history of these institutions, in this city, it seems fitting that the old and aristocratic Philadelphia Club should have first place. Not only is it the oldest organization of the kind in the city, but by reason of the distinguished character of many of its members, past and present, is identified with our history. It has received, as its guests, the most famous and honored of American citizens, and has welcomed more than one President of the United States to its home. Many years ago, in Room No. 1, of Rubicam's Hotel, on Sixth street near Minor, a club of gentlemen existed. This formed the nucleus of a club which took quarters in the Adelphi Building, on Fifth Street below Walnut, and of which Henry Bohlen and James Markoe were the originators. From this to its present proportions grew the Philadelphia Club. Henry Bohlen was first president. During the War of the Rebellion he became Colonel Bohlen, and was shot dead by a sharpshooter near Richmond. The club remained but a short time in the Adelphi Building, and, in 1834, rented and removed to what was known as the Potter House, and owned by the Potter family. It was situated on Ninth street above Spruce, and is still standing. At this time its membership numbered about fifty, among whom were such well-known citizens as Henry Bohlen, John Hare Powell, General George Cadwalader, Henry Wharton, and William Chancellor, Henry Ralston, Adolph E. Borie, John M. Scott, John Sergeant, Commodore James Biddle, Henry Pratt McKean, and David Paul Brown. About the year 1843 or 1844, it removed to a property on the north side of Walnut street, between Ninth and Tenth, next door to where the "Irving House" now stands. At this time the membership was small, having greatly fallen off, but it now rapidly increased. The increase involved the necessity of another change, and in 1850, the club removed to its present fine property on the northwest corner of Thirteenth and Walnut streets. This building, built to withstand the centuries, was to have been the residence of a Mr. Butler, but who died before its completion. It was purchased by the Club for thirty thousand dollars. Of course its value is much greater at the present time. Shortly before this last removal, the Club was incorporated under the new title of The Philadelphia Literary Association and Reading-Room. The name was afterwards changed, according to law, to The Philadelphia Club. It has now a membership of three hundred and twenty-five, Hon. George H. Boker being president. Among its members are such well-known gentlemen as Simon Cameron, ex-Secretary of the Navy, Robeson, Adolph E. Borie, Thomas A Scott, G. W. Childs, A. J. Drexel, Henry M. Phillips, J. B. Lippincott, Hon. W. E. Lehman, General George Cadwalader, and others. Among the entire membership of the First City Troop, and the old State and Schuylkill Club, known as the Fish House, belong. The latter organization dates so far back that, as Blackstone saith, "The memory of man runneth not to the contrarary." In its exclusive precincts Congressmen have been known to pare potatoes, and Chief Justices of the United States to shell green peas. The rooms of the Philadelphia Club are furnished with more regard for comfort than display. Anything ostentatious is avoided, but every convenience is at hand. The yearly revenue is about thirty thousand dollars. Servant's hire alone amounts to ten thousand dollars per annum. Attached to the Club is a fine restaurant, for use of members only, and there is every facility for meals in private. The Club is governed by a President, Board of Directors, and Elective Committee; the latter having exclusive control of the election or rejection of candidates for membership. The candidate's name, however, unless the committee have reason for having it quietly withdrawn, is posted, during two weeks, for the consideration of the members. Although the final decision rests with the Elective Committee, "posting" is generally equivalent to election. It is not proper, even were it possible, that an article of this kind should enter, to any great extent, into the internal history of the Club. Yet it is certainly right that the false impression, existing in some quarters, that card-playing for high stakes is carried on here should be corrected. Many years ago, when the Club was least prosperous, considerable sums of money were occasionally lost and won, but long since a thorough reform was accomplished. Now anything of the kind would result in the offending member's immediate expulsion. What are known as round games are prohibited, and the stakes in those permitted merely nominal. The Club, as a body, has no political tendencies, yet did not entire escape the bitterness produced everywhere by the "late onpleasantness." When the war excitement was at its height, two prominent members drifted into angry discussion on the issues of the time. In the heat of the moment, one struck the other. This being simply a grave breach of decorum and violation of rule, there should have been no political coloring given to its consideration. At that time, however, the feeling of men were at fever height, enthusiasm and bitterness clouding judgment. When, on a motion for expulsion, the matter was brought before the Club, the members took sides as their political opinion dictated. The result was, the party in favor of expulsion triumphed. But the trouble did not end here. The expelled member carried his cause to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, demanding reinstatement. As Judge Woodward, now deceased, was a warm personal friend of the expelled member, his associates of the bench permitted him to deliver the opinion of the court, provided it should be no precedent. He did so; deciding that The Philadelphia Club had no power to expel a member save for felony. This was a decision which every reasonable man must admit was contrary to both law and justice. Immediately after his reinstatement the offending member resigned. In conclusion, it can be said with truth, that The Philadelphia Club ranks as high, if not higher, than any similar organization in the country. Membership in it is sufficient to claim and receive the hospitalities of any club in the United States, and perhaps in Europe. --------------------------------------- ON the 23d of November (inst.) the five and a half millions of dollars will be due which the umpire under the Washington Treaty decided that the United States should pay to Great Britain for certain rights secured to our fishermen on the banks of Newfoundland. The award was so excessive, that even the English recoiled from it, and the London Times noticed it as a significantly monstrous reprisal. But the decree stands, and the best way out of it is to pay and be done with it. We ought to be as much ashamed of discussing the award, as the English should be Ashamed to take the money. A gentleman who plays at cards with an unscrupulous adversary, gets no sympathy by alleging that he has been cheated when he has lost. * * * AND just here it cannot hurt anybody to state that the English governing classes are rather rejoiced at our ill temper over this swindling award. All the old dislike of America in England has been revived by recent events. Even the original cause of our separation, which was fading out, is reappearing in darker lines. The utter failure of free trade, the growing balance of trade in our favor, the superiority of our manufactures, and the success of our inventions, may be cited as some of the causes for this renewed bad temper, and the award in the fishery case only serves to bring them out more prominently. We hope the President will pay the five millions and a half promptly, on the day fixed, and be done with it. We agreed to the arbiter, and we must abide his judgment. * * * "WELL, sir, we will lay a duty on your productions, as an offset, if you wont consent to reduce your high tariff, said a belligerent Englishman, full of these truths, to us some weeks ago. Answer "Why do you not try it? Suppose you begin now? But you cannot do without our cotton, grain, gold, cheese, and beef anymore than you do without your own air, or water, or beer; and as we want nothing from you in exchange, we will just take your gold." Exit John Bull. It is true that the British privileged classes have no longer any love for the United States. It never was more than skin-deep. * * * UNDER the head of "Science" will be found a careful discussion of the processes for the subdivision of electric light. At last accounts, the London Board of Metropolitan Works had resolved to try the new system on a magnificent scale along the magnificent Victoria embankment on the Thames. The great corporation will wait for no more trials. London will not be outdone by Paris. The future of street-lighting belongs to electricity. As the London Times says of gas: "If as a method of illumination it is destined to go the way of the rush-light and tallow candle, we shall hardly regret it any more than we regretted its rude and clumsy predecessors." * * * CAPE ISLAND, N.J., has been swept by the double visitation of storm and fire. Her wooden palaces have been consumed like houses of cards. The destroyer found a beautiful city by the sea without a supply of ready water or engines, and his work was short and terrible. The calamity, however quick, was not unexpected. A Sunday paper says that Colonel Dechert and other Philadelphians last summer predicted that the hose for conveying water at Cape May would be found defective, and so it proved last Saturday. It is said that there is only one poor engine in the other wooden sea-town, Atlantic City. All the foreign ocean resorts are built of perdurable bricks and stone—Brighton, Hastings, Folkstone, Boulogne, Chevingen, etc. * * * WE are getting into a prosaic age. Hard times are stern satires on sentiment. When men must work for low wages they care little for flags, bands of music, and hired speeches. What they want is plenty to eat, plenty to wear, and peace and good-will all round. 10 PROGRESS. [Nov. 16, 1878. FOREIGN PICTURES AND PORTRAITS OF FOREIGN TRAVEL. LEAVES FROM MY DIARY. LIVERPOOL, February 3d, 1878. I ANTEDATE my first page at Liverpool, England, on board the steamship "City of Richmond," which I am officially assured will arrive in the Mersey Saturday evening; and I sit in my cabin wondering how I shall feel when I arrive in a foreign land, and whether the journal I design keeping during my stay abroad, will ever be finished, and if so whether it will prove pleasant reading to my friends at home. For many days I have been confined to my room, submitting martyrlike and resignedly to the tortures imposed on me by my turbulent enemy, "Old Nep." For many nights I have lain in my berth (which, by the way, was not the most luxurious couch that ever female's tender limbs rested upon), listening to the incessant heart-throbs of this marvellous iron horse, trampling down the mighty waves and carrying me many thousands leagues from my country and my home. As I contemplated new ambitions, fresh scenes, and curious studies, the countless possible calamities by which I am surrounded were forgotten. The seagulls that have been tracking the course of the vessel since noon, resemble giant snowflakes drifted by the wind, seem to have folded their beautiful wings in rest, while the gentle waves rock them to sleep on the bosom of the blue sea. These birds live from the offal of the ship, but never come aboard, as they are affected by sea-sickness the same as human beings. "We have had an unusually calm voyage," so my good friends the stewardess says; the only reply I have to make is, "that the sleeplessness of these 'calm' waters have created in me sensations of a most unpleasant, not to say, hypochondrical character." In these leaves I shall endeavor to avoid the safe and easy habit of borrowing ideas from the guide-books, or the equally seductive thievery of reflecting the impressions of former travellers. I have often thought what delightful sketches could have been written by those who crossed from New York or Philadelphia to Liverpool in the first ocean steamers. They got the cream of novelty, and their readers were almost as much gratified as themselves; but now that nearly every one goes to Europe, and that many know far more of other countries than of their own, and that it is the fashion to say you have been "abroad," a review of rambles in foreign climes must be something more than a mere copy of what has been written about a thousand times. Any one, however, who is blessed with the usual forty-eight ounces of that material instrument of thought, impulse, and perception, that reigns supreme in man, and who uses his eyes and ears, can find plenty of texts to elaborate wheresoever he may journey. The old, old world is forever new to such minds, every fresh face is a fresh theme, and nothing is so sure to quicken thought as the habits of another people. These will be the books that I shall attempt to study during my absence, and if I can succeed in interesting my friends beyond the vast sea ever so little, my labors will be the labors doubly of love and duty. Nine days isolated from the great world! Nine days afloat upon the beautiful but treacherous sea! Nine days of oblivion! * * * * * * * No doubt Liverpool is a pleasant city in good weather, but when we rode along its broad streets it was dismal and wet to a degree; still, withal, it had a pious look, for it was Sunday morning, and the people were on their way to church. The two great lions in front of St. George's Hall, and the equestrian statue of Queen Victoria, with Prince Albert on the opposite pediment, told me that I was in England, and the impression was confirmed as we entered the gloomy corridor of the "London and Northwestern" Hotel. Everything was rich, dark, and heavy. The coffee-room was cheerless like the rest; the elaborate decorations, the silent servants, the dignified lady clerk in the office, who was at once bookkeeper and manager, the massive stairway, were all so many natural introductions to a country that I had expected to find more remarkable for strength and money than for grace and beauty. The bad tea, the execrable coffee, hard bread, cold toast, and immense mutton-chop, minus savor, which constituted our breakfast, were the initials to a long series of the same monotonous fare. The almost constant absence of the sun has a depressing effect. The atmosphere is not keen and cold as in America, but dark and searching, and the universal use of bituminous coal gave rather a Pittsburg taste and smell to the air. There is no Adams Express nor Western Union Transfer Company in England, so we hailed a "four-wheeler" to convey us, in the inside, and our "traps" on the outside, to the hotel. I marvel some enterprising Yankee does not come here and establish one of the baggage transfer-companies for which our country is renowned. He would have no competitors to struggle against. Now, here is an opportunity for one of our young men; will he take the advice of a woman? The "hansom" is an unpretentious "one hoss shay," resembling somewhat our light buggy-wagons. It has only two seats, and doors that close over the occupants, and it is also provided with a glass window that may be lowered over the face in inclement weather. The driver is perched high in a little box at the back, and the reins pass over the top of the carriage. I wonder if this curious equipage is an improvement on, or whether it is fashioned after the same model of the first public carriage that the inhabitants of Liverpool had the privilege of hiring of Mr. James Dimoke, in the middle of the eighteenth century. In those days Miss Clayton was the happy possessor of the only private turnout in this city, so on the occasion of a grand party, ball, or opera, when Miss Clayton was using her own brougham, and Mrs. --- had hired the only one at the extensive livery stables of James Dimoke, the other ladies of Liverpool were conveyed in sedan chairs. I was surprised to find so few ladies on the street. The women were almost without exception slattern and careless, and I should have left with a wrong opinion had I not had an opportunity to be present at the reception of the Chief Magistrate of Liverpool, Mr. Forwood, at the "City Hall." Assisted by his accomplished wife, the event attracted all the better classes, including the nobility of the neighborhood. What must be the wealth of a country when the mayor of one of its cities entertains and is honored like a monarch? The "City Hall" was the first English public building I had seen, and the saloons where the " Lord Mayor " of this commercial town, with a population of 500,676, received his guests, were infinitely superior to the chambers in the " White House," at Washington, as superior, indeed, as the home of a parvenu cotton-spinner is to an old feudal castle. Mr. Forwood is a tall, elegant man, about thirty-six, evidently the junior of his wife by a couple of years, who is the veritable type of an English woman, a ponderous figure clad in the very softest and heaviest of Bonnet silks. Her reception toilet of pale sage was bordered with knife-plaiting and russes, richly draped with the same material, and myrtle-green velvet bands embroidered with cut crystals of emerald, ruby, and topaz, formed the garniture. The costume was completed by an exquisite bonnet of the same shades. Mrs. Forwood is a comely but not handsome woman. She was exceedingly cordial in her manner of greeting an American, and the pleasant words she spoke of my country (for she has visited the United States), thrilled me with kindly emotions for my English cousins, and greatly tempered the odium with which I had always regarded the nation that had held, and hoped to retain us their vassals. Was it not in this nation, and from this very port of Liverpool, that that most infamous and inhuman source of emolument, the African slave trade, was opened? As early as 1766 Liverpool had already gained an unenviable notoriety in this despicable traffic--the purchase and sale of human beings--the liberation of whom cost us years of bloodshed, death, and desolation, in the succeeding century. In a bill of lading, dated shortly after we had crossed the meridian of the last century, for slaves shipped to Georgia, then a 'portion of South Carolina, I see that these poor creatures were branded with particular marks, by red-hot irons, the same process used on cattle, and with equal indifference. And in the year 1806-1807, when this odious trade was abolished, 185 African slave ships sailed from Liverpool carrying 49,213 slaves. The docks are unsurpassed by any in the world ; they are masterful constructions, stretching along the Mersey for five miles on the Liverpool side, and two miles on the Birkenhead side, covering with dry-docks two hundred acres, together with nineteen miles of quays. An attempt at forming something like a dock in the old Pool was made in 1561, as a shelter for ships in bad weather, by defending the entrance with massive stone piers ; and for a century this harbor was sufficient for the limited commerce of the period. The development of traffic caused the necessity of a regular dock, and in 1709 an act was passed making the first dock at Liverpool for the security of all ships trading to and from this port ; it was called the " Custom House Dock." These were the early foundations of the existing enormous system. The present business wealth and importance of Liverpool is chiefly owing to its magnificent docks, which are among the greatest works of modern times, considering the obstacles surmounted ; unlike most docks they are built in the river itself by inclosing, within a sea-wall five miles in extent a portion of the beach of the Mersey, and afterward excavating the part thus reclaimed to a proper depth. Most of these docks communicate with each other, and have separate entrances, so the ships may pass from one to the other, without being locked out in the river, and back in the dock again. The sugar refineries and soap factories are very extensive. What with the murky atmosphere, and what with the soot arising from the soft coal, I doubt not but the demand for the last named product exceeds the supply. It was cold and inhospitable when we rode through Sefton Park, but the hedges surrounding the homes of the aristocracy within their limits were green, luxuriant, and well-combed, and the silver plates, or the letters carved on the massive stone portals, told not the names of the owners of these mansions, but the name of each estate itself, such as " Maple Grove," " Oak Lodge, " " Stanley Park," and " Worcester Place." " EM'LY." NOV. 16, 1878.] PROGRESS. 11 THE AMERICAN IN ENGLAND LONDON, November 1st, 1878. WHEN I said good-bye to you at Midland Station, three weeks ago, your last words were prophetic : " You English have been scolding the United States so long and so mercilessly, that it will be a new sensation for you now that you must undertake your own self-examination." It is true the volcano of the Glasgow City Bank had had its first eruption, and it was easy to predict disaster, but no one, on the 9th of October, had any idea how fast that calamity would be repeated and how far it would extend. It has been more fatal in finance than the yellow fever in human life. It has had no past parallel in any country. There are characters in romance, like Mephistopheles and Gabor, without one redeeming virtue. Such was the management of this Scottish bank. A visit to the neighborhood is a mournful experience. The directors and officers were all men of " high position." They were the crème la crème of society. Their families lived better than most of the nobility, and you will observe that not a few of the latter gladly share the full guilt of these dishonest gains. Observe what the Glasgow papers say of these eminent and persevering scoundrels. The Scotsman : " In the record of commercial fraud there cannot be found a blacker case than the Glasgow City Bank." The Herald: " A more melancholy picture of wreck and ruin has never before been given to the public." The News: " There is no form of fraudulent concealment alleged to have been practiced which does not turn out to have been practiced with a cynical audacity that mocks the conjecture of the most cynical critic." There are some offences which almost make one wish to see the block and the chain, even the axe, restored to punish such villainy. The higher the social status of the offenders, the severer should be their punishment, and the law is reaching for them steadily. What adds to their guilt is the fact that, at the time of their exposure, the whole United Kingdom was shrouded in the gloom resulting from other misfortunes. Manufactures and commerce seemed to be stuck with paralysis. Thousands were out of employment. Provisions were scarce and high. Famine in India, bankruptcy in Canada, South Wales, and Australia ; and a probable reopening of the lately-settled troubles with Russia. These terrible symptoms had been going on for months, when, all at once, this frightful calamity fell upon Great Britain like an additional earthquake in the midst of the falling and burning ruins of a stricken city. And during all this time, since 1875, '76, '77, the officers and directors of the Glasgow City Bank, were living recklessly on the money of their confiding shareholders. There was no limit to the extravagance and profligacy of the one, nor, sad to relate, to the affectionate trustfulness of the other. I could relate some instances of sudden poverty that would make your heart bleed. You know that even a single share of stock made the poor widow liable to the extent of her little fortune, All had to go to make up for the loss of the whole. The securities of the bank on the money loaned to rascally directors are almost entirely valueless, and the deficiency must be made up by the poor shareholders. Four men alone got out of the bank thirty-five millions of dollars on their notes, and there is really nothing to show for it. The Glasgow papers print pages of names of the ruined shareholders, and every day some industrious mechanic or trader, and many large houses, are borne down the stream of ruin, unable to bear up under their heavy burdens. Under this Scottish law, the responsibility does not stop with the shares you hold in a bank. All you are worth goes to make up the loss, if the assets of the bank itself are not sufficient ; and here, as you have seen, there are no available securities. Of course, the officers and directors have all been arrested. The action of the authorities has been prompt and decisive, and the guilty ones will be severely punished. But of what avail? These men saw that Great Britain was surely on the high-road to death while they were forging false reports, making false entries, and stealing the deposits of honest men. They were all of the better classes, Christian leaders, sober, cultivated, and fastidious men. If they were unwarned by the darkling cloud that settled over their country ; if they plotted and plundered, while they were pointing out, no doubt, the misconduct and mistakes of others, how can we hope to arrest the same evil in other quarters? Still, as Othello said to Desdemona, they must be brought to book as an example : " She must die, or she will betray more men." Is England rotten to the core? That is the question you hear asked every hour. Has she begun to descend from her high and haughty elevation? It would be irreverent to insist upon this, as you take in her vast possessions at home, her army, her fleet, her aristocracy, her colonies abroad, her trade with the world, and her large accumulations of incorporated and individual wealth. But better judges than " the American in London," are less reserved. The Glasgow crash had not startled mankind when Mr. Gladstone told mankind that the United States would soon pass Great Britain " in a canter;" nor were the predictions as to the financial earthquake in India suggested by the Scotch catastrophe. They proceeded that dismal event. There are crises in the affairs of nations and of individuals, when one accident forces resistless misfortunes. Who has not seen a strong man struck with apoplexy by an accidental fall? Jay Cooke's failure, though the misfortune of a mistaken and well-intentioned man (certainly, as compared with these Glasgow thieves), was the one stone taken from the edifice, that revealed a long-concealed sea of corruption. But beyond that sea there is rescue and healing strong hope for our country. Is it so in England? I do not trust myself to answer. I will not repeat even the English confessions around me. I propose to write events. It is enough for us that we are emerging from our own dark and perilous experience, just as Great Britain is entering into hers. She gave us little help when the storm broke over our heads. Let us be more charitable, and while commiserating her calamity, thank God that we are recovering from ours. __________________________________ OUR PARIS LETTER THE LAST NEW OPERA—THE HOMEWARD AMERICANS— DISTRIBUTION DAY. PARIS, October 27th, 1878. THE composer of Faust has no reason to be jealous of the composer of Polyeucte. M. Gounod has not surpassed himself in his latest work. It is a great opera, and, on the whole, a great success ; but less complete and less satisfactory than its immortal predecessor, in which a most melodious devil plies his arts of temptation on the purest and most modest of maidens at the very threshold of the church. We recognize, in this new opera, the touch of the master in every strain ; but he is not always up to his best. Who is? Every genius has his moods and moments of supreme inspiration ; even Homer and Shakespeare sometimes had. The libretto of Polyeucte is founded on Corneille's tragedy, and affords splendid musicals opportunities, which Donizetti used so admirably in his Polinto. The scene is laid in Rome at the time when Paganism was yielding to Christianity, like moonlight fading before sunlight. The two religions are brought face to face, while temples dedicated to heathen gods are being converted into churches of Christ. The story involves all the conflicts of religion, love, and war. The situations are thrilling, and the music, which should intensify the agony of the scene, is not always quite up to the exigency of the passion. It sometimes lacks the divine afflatus, the feu sacré which lifts one into the seventh heaven of ecstatic harmony. The multitude who listened in rapture to the morceaux from Faust or the Propheto in the Palace of Industry on " Distribution Day," given by a band and chorus of two thousand performers, will understand this. It seemed as if the universe was not large enough, nor all the voices in nature loud enough, to " wreak expression " to the sublime conceptions of Gounod and Meyerbeer. Polyeucte is a converted Roman pagan, married to Pauline, with whom the victorious General Severus is madly in love. The marriage, the baptism, the imprisonment, and the martyrdom of Polyeucte are all scenes of thrilling interest. Every tableau is a poem, which seems to sing its own interpretation without the aid of the composer. The mounting of the opera, and all the accessories, are splendid beyond description. Naturally enough the jolly gods, Pan and Bacchus, appear on the scene, introducing a ballet of pagan nymphs in all the pertness, grace, and beauty of the world in its youth, when Apollo made the trees to dance. This part of the performance is an absolute success, a perfect triumph of the choreographic art, in which Madmoiselle Mauri, the new Spanish danseuse, is simply rovissante. Seven years ago, in London, when Gounod was composing this opera, we had the pleasure of frequently meeting him. He was then entirely " carried away " in admiration of Madam Weldon, a superb Irish lady and his hostess of Tavistock House, for whom he wrote the part of Pauline, and with whom he used to sing the love duets to his own piano accompaniment. During those days of blissful infatuation, Gounod used to say that no one could, and no one should, sing the role of his Pauline but Georigana Weldon. Alas ! there came a chilling cloud between these mutual lovers, -- platonic or plutonic, no matter which -- and those sweet duets of Pauline and her hero are sung no more. Polyeucte received its finishing touches from a trembling hand and troubled heart, accomplanied by a broken lyre : " To be wroth with one we love, Doth work like madness in the brain." Americans are now rushing homewards from Europe like doves to their windows. An average of one thousand first-class passengers for the United States left weekly during the month of October, and all the Liverpool steamers have their complement of passengers up to the end of the year. Every day gives more and more elbow-room in Paris, on the Boulevards, in the cafés, in the theatres, and in the tramways, and the politeness of hotel keepers increases in proportion to the diminution of their guests. The passenger list from America is now very light, embracing merchants who are always looking after spring goods, and invalids who are flying southwards for the winter. The innumerable hotels of Nice, Cannes, Hyères, Monaco, Monte Carlo, Mentone, Bordighera, etc., etc., are again preparing for their harvest season. What a glorious privilege have men of wealth to live always among blooming flowers, and feasting on strawberries and green peas all the year round! They are like the cuckoo that has " No sorrow in its song, No winter in its year." The Paris Universal Exhibition culminated on " Distriution Day," 12 PROGRESS [Nov. 16, 1878. the 21st inst. It was a grand spectacle and a complete success. The Palace of Industry, in the Champs Elysée, was entirely filled, and yet there was no crowding, either at the doors or within the vast arena. The music of the band and chorus, numbering some two thousand, accompanied by minute guns from the Invalids, was simply sublime. The tribune occupied by Royal Princes, Cabinet and Foreign Ministers, Exhibition Commissioners, the Senators and Deputies of France, with the Marshal-President in the centre, formed an imposing picture. The world has seldom, if ever, witnessed a scene more grand than this solemn coronation of Industry and Art, a formal recognition of the kings of labor—genius and skill—whose dominions are boundless, and whose dynasties are eternal. The speeches of Marshal McMahon and the Minister of Commerce were admirable in substance and manner; and, as we have said, the ceremony from beginning to end was a triumphant success. No less than nineteen Red Ribbon Honors were conferred on citizens of the United States in connection with the Exhibition. But this is a small number compared with those actually applied for by exhibitors and jurors, as the disappointed competitors are always in a large majority. Paris is full of "sore-heads." Every American exhibitor thinks he has a better claim for the Legion of Honor than the clerk of Commissioner McCormick, who has really done nothing but copy letters and attend dinner parties. The evening following "Distribution Day," a grand féte was given by the Marshal-President at the Palace of Versailles, which was intended to be the crowning feature of the exhibition year, but which proved to be a wretched fiasco, owing to the preposterous number of invitations, twenty-two thousand, or the utter lack of organization and order. The palace was invaded by a mob, so massed together that circulation was impossible, while the cloak-room was a like a printer's "form knocked into pi." It was utterly impossible to recover coats, shawls, scarfs; and ladies in full dress, or rather undress, with busts and arms bare, sat crying and shivering in the courts at 3 o'clock in the morning, unable to find their carriages or friends, yet thankful to be out of the fearful crowd. The scenes and sufferings of the Versailles féte will never be forgotten by those who had the misfortune to be present. Such crushing, smashing, tearing and swearing could hardly have been surpassed in the Tower of Babel confusion. Even the best dressed crowd, where everybody is fighting for life, the quality of politeness is conspicuous by its absence. THOU WHO HAST SLEPT ALL NIGHT UPON THE STORM. BY WALT WHITMAN. [Day reappears, and I see a small point in the heavens. At an elevation of three thousand feet royally floats a little bird with enormous pens. A gull? No; its wings are black. An eagle? No; the bird is too small. It is the lord of the tempest, the scorner of all peril,—the man-of-war or frigate bird; virtually nothing more than wings; scarcely any body—barely as large as that of the domestic fowl—while his prodigious pinions are fifteen feet in span. A bird sustained by such supports need but allow himself to be borne along. The storm bursts; he mounts the lofty heights where he finds tranquility. The metaphor, untrue when applied to any other bird, is no exaggeration when applied to him; literally, he sleeps upon the storm When he chooses he may continue his progress through the night indefinitely, certain of reposing himself. Upon what? On his huge motionless wing, which takes upon itself all the weariness of the voyage.—Michelet.] THOU who hast slept all night upon the storm, Waking renew'd on they prodigious pinions, (Burst the wild storm? above it thou ascendedst And rested on the sky, thy slave, that cradled thee;) Now, a blue point, far, far in heaven floating, As, to the light emerging, here on deck I watch thee, (Myself a speck, a point on the world's floating vast.) Far, far at sea, After the night's fierce drifts have strewn the shore with wrecks, With reappearing day, as now, so happy and serene, The rosy and elastic dawn, the flashing sun, The limpid spread of air cerulean, Thou also reappearest. Thou, born to match the gale! (thou art all wings;) To cope with heaven and earth, and sea and hurricane; Thou ship of air, that never furl'st thy sails; Days, even weeks, untired and onward—through spaces, realms gyrating, At dusk that look'st on Senegal, at morn America, That sport'st amid the lighting-flash and thunder-cloud; In them—in thy experiences—had'st thou my soul, What joys! what joys were thine! HOME BELLA'S LETTERS. No. 1. CASTLE "BEAU MONDE," ON THE HEIGHTS, NEAR PHILADELPHIA. NOVEMBER 15TH, 1878 MY DEAR PROGRESS: It is not the fortune of many newspapers to create such a flutter in advance of existence as you have done. Even before the first advertisement of your coming appeared in the daily Press everybody knew something about you. Given: that Colonial Forney, your editor and proprietor intended a speedy return home, a newspaper became a certainty in the minds of all. "Forney without a newspaper," they said, "would be like the sun without light." We were satisfied then of a newspaper, but what style of journal were we to expect? that was the question. The name of Yate's World and Laboucher's Truth, after all told us very little, and we had dread anticipations of a massive periodical, all about railroads, the money markets, and other weighty matters, very important no doubt, but which I candidly confess don't interest us country folk the least bit. For we are country gentry, you know, even if we do spend half our days and one-quarter of our nights in your city. You can imagine the intense delight in our castle when I got your letter, which I took proudly around and showed to everybody (you'll not scold me for that? business letters don't count, you know), telling is that some space in the columns of PROGRESS would be devoted to the affairs and interests of us women—our aspirations, our successes, yes and our "dresses." That to me was to be allowed the control of this department probably caused some heartaches, but they soon healed, for we are a generous little coterie, and the philosophical conclusion was quickly reached that somebody had to be chosen, and why not that somebody I? Will you forgive me if in this, my first letter, I seem the least bit egotistical? I want first and foremost to tell you all about ourselves, how many of us there are, and just how we manage to live up here. Probably the easiest way to do this would be to bring our entire household before you, like the dramatis personæ of a play. The scene you can well conjure up, for you have visited often enough our dear old castle, and know and appreciate its advantages—dis-advantages, you know, it has none. Take us as we all are this cool autumn evening, seated around the drawing-room table. In the rocking-chair, armed with her inevitable knitting, sits dear old grandma—confidentially, my dear PROGRESS, she is rapidly developing into a second edition of Mrs. Partington, but please don't tell her I said so, she's frightfully sensitive on the subject. Grandpa is as staid and quiet as ever, and is, as usual, taking his after-dinner nap on the sofa. Next in point of position comes Mollie, aged eighteen, our family wit and general domestic agitator. Lottie, her senior by two years, is her pet butt and special "tormentee" (the girls say I'm always coining words). Do you recollect how pretty Lottie always was? Well, she's really prettier now that ever; her eyes seem to have grown larger and darker, her hair—but how silly to rave so over one's sister. Still I am not blind to her faults; Lottie can't see a joke, at least she can't for an hour or so after it's been told. Why often, at night, after all the doors are locked, grandma declares in alarm she hears some one screaming, and there, sure enough, we find Lottie laughing convulsively over one of Mollie's wretched attempts at a pun. I mustn't forget to tell you about Julia, Aunt Fannie's second daughter, and consequently our cousin. She lives in New York, but is going to stay with us this winter; and such clothes—but stop; more anon, I will go through her entire wardrobe presently, and tell you all about it. Cousin Jack, her brother, is with us too—a nice young fellow, but so absent-minded. If I thought he'd never hear of it, I'd tell you of a hearty laugh we had on him a short time ago. Well, nothing risked, little gained; so to proceed. Mrs. Pattison gave a "German" over at the Manor House about two weeks since. Jack had been in the city all day, but came home in time for dinner and to dress for the "German." By 9 o'clock we were all ready, and waiting in the hall with our wraps on. "Where can Jack be?" Up crept Mollie softly to his room, and there, fast asleep in bed, lay our delectable cousin, with his dress suit, white cravat, gloves, etc., neatly laid out on a chair; he had actually forgotten what he was undressing for, and had calmly gone to bed. We left him for the night in blissful ignorance, and the next morning he couldn't for the life of him imagine what his dress clothes were spread out for; but we soon enlightened him, and started him off to apologize to Mrs. Pattison. Harry Bailey is staying over at the Manor House, though he spends the greater part of his time here. "Now, Bella, that's a horrid slur," says Julia, who is looking over my shoulder while I write. It needs only a glance at our cousin's pretty, flushed face, and another at the scarcely less confused one by her side, to read the truth in the accusation. "Heigh-ho for the wedding-day," sings Mollie. And now I have mustered in rotation our entire family, and a good-sized one it is, don't you think so? Lottie suggests that a pen-portrait of myself comes Nov. 16, 1878.] PROGRESS. 13 next in order. But why waste time and space on the description of a piously inclined nose, such as one sees every day; a pair of eyes and a mouth that do not even bear the stamp of originality? To be candid, my dear PROGRESS, the only charm the face of your correspondent can boast, is that of excessive good nature; a commodity it is said to be well supplied with. I have told you that we spend the greater part of our time in the city; on average of four or five days in a week we girls manage to catch the 9 o'clock train, so that we have a long, full day for visiting, shopping, etc. Speaking of catching trains reminds me of a little incident Mollie told me of this afternoon. Mrs. Thornton is a young married lady who is spending a few weeks with Mrs. Pattison at the Manor House. Mrs. Thornton's baby is of course the most wonderful one ever seen, and a portrait of its charms must be handed down to posterity; accordingly an appointment for the purpose of taking the cherub's likeness was made with Gilbert & Bacon. Mrs. Pattison having business to attend to early, it was arranged that the ladies were to meet at the photographic establishment at the hour settled, 12 o'clock. Now, be it known, Mrs. Thornton is one of those fortunate mortals who glide through life easily and comfortably. Time has no terrors for her. Consequently, when the hour of 11 struck she was quietly sipping her morning cup of cocoa, regardless of her engagement. A feeling of compunction seized her; in a minute she was bustling wildly around, preparing for her journey, and in ten more she rushed frantically into the train, adding the finishing touches to her toilet as she went. Ten minutes after twelve, hot, tired, and panting, she reached the rendezvous. Mrs. Pattison was there. "Well," queried that lady, "where's the baby?" "The baby, gracious! I forgot all about it!" Tableau and quick curtain. Julia and Harry have unobserved stolen into the library; why not grasp the offered opportunity, and give you now the promised glimpse into our city cousin's wardrobe? This morning in a confidential moment she told me that her latest Parisian advices confirmed the idea that red, in all its tints and shades, will be the color par excellence for the coming winter season, and very consoling the edict must be to her, for her modiste has just sent her the most superb dinner-dress—caroubier red and cardinal velvet. It is a faithful copy of a painting done in the sixteenth century, and has the stately court train; the sleeves are puffed at the top and slashed; the low square bodice is trimmed with old English binche; the belt, or more properly speaking, the sash (for it is worn below the hips) is satin embroidered with ruby beads; it is only about four inches in width, and at the lower edges is cut out in vandykes. For minor occasions, that is demi-toilettes, to be worn at the neighboring country houses, Julia has several less expensive dresses of cashmere, the prettiest of which is a kilted skirt of dark-blue silk, striped with light blue; a princesse dress of dark-claret cashmere is draped over it; square-cut bodice, trimmed with Breton lace; pocket of similar lace ornamented with a cluster of pink and garnet flowers; pale-blue bows finish the front of the bodice and brighten the elbow-sleeves, which are solely of Breton lace. Our cousin has such charming little morning jackets and breakfast caps that I think it a shame their loveliness should bloom comparatively unnoticed; so I often inveigle Harry to make some excuse to come over early, just to help me admire them. Picture to yourself how pretty a pretty girl must look in a pale-pink silk, half-fitting jacket, trimmed with two rows of Mechlin lace, between which there is a band of exquisitely fine satin embroidery. A large collar composed of a pleating of Mechlin lace, ornamented at regular intervals with a strap of embroidery and "flot" bow of wide ribbon. In caps she allows her fancy full play: some are made of pieces of India shawls and trimmed with multi-colored ribbons, others are made of pocket handkerchiefs with fancy borders, but these are disguised by so artistic a twist, that I would defy any one to recognize them as pocket handkerchiefs. Julia's bonnets are all beautiful, but costly miracles, and such an array as she has of them. Her own favorite is a tiny little Alsatian shape of Bordeaux chenille velvet; it is trimmed simply with a bunch of Bordeaux feathers and an Alsatian bow and streamers. Her afternoon reception and opera bonnet is composed entirely of white marabout feathers. "Harry, whatever are you and Julia doing in the library?" calls Mollie, to the tète-a-tète couple in the next room. "Cassino," readily replies Harry. "Did he say kissin her," actually gasps grandma in a horrified whisper. Of course at this we all laugh immoderately; even Jack wakens out of his usual apathy, and smiles vacantly while he murmers, "why not, why not." Lottie seats herself at the piano, and in her pretty sympathetic voice begins to sing "Baby Mine." "Did anybody ask her to sing? I don't recollect," commences Harry teasingly, as the couple saunter slowly into the room. Nevertheless we all enjoy the song, and at the close of it, it is Harry himself who persuades her to sing something else, probably with the view of lengthening out the evening, for it grows late. In this, however, he is foiled, for a voice from the depths of the sofa says, "Sing the 'Last Rose of Summer,' child (here Mollie makes a start as if to jump out of the widow), and then Harry will bid us good-night." This is dear old grandpa's usual unceremonious way of dismissing Harry when he stays over the conventional calling-hour. Harry gone means drawing-room lights out and a general exchange of "good-nights," and it is then that we girls manage to steal into Mollie's sanctum, christened the Council Chamber, and discuss past and coming events. I shall not take you there with me, dear PROGRESS, you might be shocked, for it is there we criticize Mrs. T's ridiculous flirtation, tear to pieces (figuratively) Miss T's new bonnet, and actually question Mrs. Pattison's acknowledged good taste. Grandma likened us the other day to Sir "TEASER PEAZLE'S" wife. WASHINGTON PROGRESS IN WASHINGTON CITY. WASHINGTON, NOVEMBER 12th, 1878. PROGRESS is written nowhere more plainly than in the National Capital, which as passed through some astonishing transformations. I have seen the Jackson age, the Fillmore age, the Buchanan age, and the Lincoln and Grant age, and between these periods the men and women of the last forty years have moved in and moved out like figures weaving through so many glittering cotillions. Each cycle had its special actors. They enjoyed their exciting evanescent life; they died, and have been forgotten; but while they lasted, they were supreme. Now they are all gone, with their masculine ambitions and intrigues, and their feminine flounces and furbelows. Gone are the brave men and lovely women who flaunted and flirted in the now dusty homes and closed saloons of other days; gone the giants of the Senate and the House; gone the grave Judges of the Supreme Court. All gone! Yet the world is as young as when they were young; the flowers as sweet, the stars as bright, and the birds as musical; we only are growing old! So we must accustom ourselves to the new men and manners at Washington. We are now in the age of Hayes. I rather like it. Hard times needed just such discipline. While the people were trying to recover from the intoxications of the war, expansion, high wages, and shoddy, it was imperative that they should have a hand put forth to help them at Washington. A four years' revel, in such an interval, at the Nation's Capital, would have been a profanity. What was needed was a good dose of old-fashioned Puritanism. The long frolic of the war, and the seducing inflations after the war, demanded a sedative, and a strict regimen. Mr. and Mrs. Hayes came, like good physicians, to the rescue of the national patient, and they have been brave and persistent in their work. And nobody is very much disappointed. The American masses never saw much of Washington city in the costly glare of the days of slavery, war, and shoddy; by they often groaned over the stories told of these triple evils. The American masses will see less of Washington now, in these days of civil service and costive statesmanship, but they will not grieve over the contrast between the two periods. A healthy progress is otherwise evident in Washington. There is less drinking in the hotels, and there are less hotels. There are no more rum dens in the Congressional comittee-rooms. There are few sots in either house. The District debts have been funded, and the interest is regularly paid. There are no tolerated male loungers and female favorites in the departments. The negroes are clean and laborious. No ruffians flourish bowie knives and pistols in the gambling houses, and there is little custom for these latter. There is a Northern air over the renovated metropolis. Mr. and Mrs. Hayes have brought their home habits with them, and the system called society is being shaped to their forms. The Cabinet is comprised of plain men. Mr. Evarts and his large family are models of good housekeeping rather than leaders of fashion. Mr. Sherman and his wife are amiable without austerity; Mr. Schurz and his daughters are social, scholarly, and refined; Mr. Thompson lives in quiet Indiana style; Mr. Devens brings with him his New England habits; Mr. Key is a quiet Southern gentleman, and Mr. McCrary is a fine type of a hard working Western lawyer. There is no dash, no glitter, and no extravagance. What the chiefs are doing is imitated by their subordinates. I have never known a good example more faithfully followed. As I have said, the hard times compel universal economy, and as the government must collect the taxes, it is important that the government expenditure should be exact and careful. President Hayes is doing his best, in his own case, to return to the simple practices of the fathers, and this is a great thing when, in every household, North and South, there is a rivalry to live moderately. When he retires it will be difficult for his successor to change this simple mode of life by introducing waste and dissipation into the Presidential Mansion. The last elections have had a curious effect in Washington. The President does not conceal his satisfaction, and the officeholders are naturally in excellent spirits. But the outside Republican politicians claim to have won the fight "in spite of my Lord Cardinal." They say that they ignored Mr. Hayes as utterly as he ignored them; and as he cannot be a candidate in 1880, they propose to give him as cold a shoulder as his own to the end of his term. The truth is, the President has not gushed much over the machine men. In other days, they had things pretty much their own way. The Senators ruled the State, and the Congressmen the District, and between them the President was a cipher or a eunuch. Mr. Hayes has tried to change this system, not, it would 14 PROGRESS. [Nov. 16, 1878. appear, with the best results; and now that the people have again decided that the politicians shall command, the latter expect that after 1880 the old state of things will be restored. I repeat I do not believe that such a contingency is possible. The example of President Hayes will not perish. The good he has done will be remembered and retained. In the nature of things the honest step forward in government is rarely retraced, and never lost sight of. You can look over into the South from the District of Columbia, as from the porch of great estate; and from this vestibule you can see how the late elections have also affected that long disaffected section. The politicians there believed the North and West were wholly given up to the Democratic managers. They deluded themselves into the belief that many Northern party chiefs were prepared to hand over the government to the authors of the late civil war; and under these impressions, they began to resume, in many quarters, their old habits and manners. Again they have been deceived. They will now lose at once their fatal self-conceit and their still more fatal reliance upon politics. Both these poor weak crutches are gone. The South must get to work, and this time in earnest. The world is too busy for idle people; and there is no room for croakers. "Make way for the locomotive," is the cry all along the line; and sensible men not only move off from the track, but advise all others to do so. BIOGRAPHY OUR LIVING OLD MEN. LOUIS A. GODEY. No. 1. PROGRESS pushes our old men into the shadow before death puts them into their graves, but they are something more than memories even in their fading outlines. Many of them are conspicuous by their examples, and not a few for their unusual mental and physical health. It is the evidence of a fast and forgetful age, however, that thousands who have figured in the advance of great events are supposed to be dead, when they have only retired to private life. If they occasionally reappear in public, they startle the new generation as much as Rip Van Winkle did, when he walked in, clad in rags and white hair, upon the astonished inhabitants of Falling Waters. There is not a community in America to which this remark cannot be applied. Thousands of our aged people are of course unknown outside their own families, but many survive with honored if not with historic names. Philadelphia, Boston, New York, and Baltimore have a number of septenarians and octogenarians. Among those best known everywhere is Louis A. Godey. Who has not heard of his Lady's Book? Never pretentious or sensational, it has been read in all parts of our country, and has always exercised a wholesome influence. When Mr. Godey retired, in 1877, he had been its owner and editor for forty-seven years, and had published five hundred and seventy-one monthly numbers. He could desire no more eloquent epitaph on his tomb than his own farewell words: "Not an immoral thought or profane word can be found in his magazine during the whole five hundred and seventy-one months of its publication." Born June 6, 1804, and, therefore, in his seventy-fifth year, forty-seven years of this time having been devoted to his Lady's Book, he is still living in Philadelphia, not, it is true, in robust health, but with a clear mind and a retentive memory. These forty-seven years have covered a large space of history: and Mr Godey, if not prominent in the great affairs of that period, has studied them with practical philosophy, while sharing the friendship of many of the great actors in society, literature, and government. He was always a favorite in the best circles. Living in the midst of the varied conflicts of politics, religion, and sectional hate, he steadily preserved the amiable toleration of a judicial neutrality. He was a humorist without rancor, a friends without faltering, a journalist without passion. In his day he was the associate and intimate of most of the contemporary men of letters, artist, actors, and statesmen, and he has survived nearly all of them. He could relate incidents of Washington Irving, Charles Dickens, James Gordon Bennett, W. M. Thackeray, W. E. Burton, Edwin Forrest, W. C. Macready, Robert T. Conrad, Edgar A, Poe, Robert M. Bird, John M. Clayton, Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and James Buchanan. He knew personally the chief intellects of the bar and the church; and in his tranquil pages many cultivated minds were glad to print their thoughts. Mr. Godey always lived in a conservative atmosphere. His calling was a school of gentleness and refinement. Writing for women, and working for them as well, and of necessity knowing their tastes in books as in apparel, furniture, and art, he would have become a model of kindness even if his nature had not been genial. For more than a generation he has been their teacher. He was the first to print a periodical exclusively for them ; and there are women, ay, and men too, now living, who can easily remember how eagerly their grandmothers devoured Godey's Lady's Book ; how welcome it was at the centre-table in the long winter nights ; how its songs, set to music by Godey, were sung at the little piano ; how its pictures were praised and framed, and how its dress-patterns saved the expense of a dressmaker, and taught the girls how to sew, and cut, and fit for themselves. Could the female posterity of these grandmothers see the excellent man who gave them so much for so little, during so many years, they would not be surprised at the pleasing smile that always lights his broad face, nor at the genial wit that falls from his tongue. True to his mission, Mr. Godey called to his side, as long ago as 1837, Mrs. Sarah Josepha Hale, a pure and laborious and charming writer. She is now over 90, and I am told the sunset of her life is as cheerful as its morning, meridian, and afternoon were useful. I believe she writes no more for the public. Like her younger friend and chief, she can afford to rest and reflect on her interesting career. For seventy years she has been in the literary harness. Rather let me say, her harness was made of flowers, for she loved her labor. Mr. Godey's Lady's Book would fill a library ; five hundred and seventy-one months have produced, of this magazine, enough to make at least two hundred and eighty large volumes ; and these are his sufficient monument, especially as they are bound in the respect of millions of women ; and indorsed by the approval of millions of men. But Mrs. Hale has done more. Out of her fertile brain she has coined a golden currency for her sex. I count twenty-two books, some of them in two volumes, and on all subjects, fiction, poetry, plays, cookery, travels, biography, essays, the product of her extraordinary industry and genius, all of them outside her joint editorship of "The Lady's Book" with Mr. Godey. There are two other old people who bear a singular resemblance to these two interesting Americans. I mean Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall, of London, both alive when I left Europe five weeks ago. He is 77, and she is 76. They are a wonderful pair ; and I think it may be said of them, as of their American contemporaries, that they are universally admired, trusted, and loved. Mr. Hall preserves his jolly wit and high spirits, or did when I heard him last, and is still one of the handsomest old men in the British islands, and his renowned wife remains a queen in her own sphere. Both have grown rich by the pleasant experience of over fifty years of literary supremacy. MINING THE MINING REGIONS. THE mining regions of the United States, west of the Missouri River, contain the richest deposits of precious ores in the world. It is a striking fact, where the mountains present bleak walls of rock, and vegetation is the scantiest, that there exists the greatest mineral treasures. Deep down in the bowels of the earth lie strata upon strata of gold and silver-bearing rock. A large part of the $1,100,000,000, which the gold mines of California have yielded since 1848 were extracted at depths of one thousand to two thousand feet. Over $2,000,000 were spent on the Sierra Nevada mine before ore was struck. Virginia and Consolidated mines, which since 1878 have produced more than $100,000,000, have been worked down to twenty-two hundred feet. The miner toils in these subterranean abysses with great difficulty. The temperature of 130° Fahrenheit prostrates his energies and exhausts his strength. Vast tunnels such as the Sutro have been dug in order to ventilate these gloomy caverns and reduce their heat. The deeper the shaft sinks, the more flattering, often, is the prospect. New quartz veins present themselves, and masses of glittering ore gleam from the rock in which they are imbedded. How far below the surface of the earth the miner can dig and delve depends on his communication with the upper air. The heat of the earth increases the farther he descends, and in some cases also, it seems that the rarest treasures increase in like proportion. The mines of Arizona, which are chiefly silver-bearing, generally begin at the surface, cropping out and revealing their existence to the most casual observer. This Territory is said to contain a greater amount of mineral wealth than is to be found anywhere else. Humboldt predicted that in this region would be discovered more gold and silver than is concentrated in any other country. The silver and gold belts of the North here unite with the veins that traverse Mexico, and South America. One of the Arizona mines is said to be rich enough to supply the whole world with silver. The Southern Pacific Railroad, which has now reached Yuma on the western boundary, will, in the course of a year, traverse the territory to El Paso on the Rio Grande, connecting at that point with the railroads converging from Texas and New Mexico, and with the proposed extension to the city of Mexico. The completion of these lines of communication will lead to a rapid development of the mineral resources of Arizona, and to the easy conveyance of its products to the Eastern and Western markets. Gold was first discovered in California in 1848, in a mill-race belonging to General John A. Sutter. In one year from that date $10,000,000 had been taken out of the rivers, and up to 1853, the product Nov. 16, 1878.] PROGRESS. 15 from the same source was $65,000,000. The dry beds of the ancient rivers of California up to the latest dates have yielded $300,000,000. These river-courses are on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, at heights from six hundred to sixty-five hundred feet above the level of the sea. The gravel on the bottom and banks is sifted of the gold it contains by hydraulic appliances. As some of these dead rivers are of considerable length, one, the Big Blue Lead, as far as traced being sixty-five miles long, they will continue for years to come to furnish a profitable return for the labor bestowed on them. Quartz mining, expensive as are the processes by which it is conducted, is the most profitable. It can only be carried on with large capital. A considerable time often elapses before mineral-bearing veins are reached. They are followed through the solid rock by the miner ; sometimes they run in horizontal directions, occasionally break off, and after patient search are found at lower depths. It has happened that when a mine has been apparently exhausted, the bursting through of a wall of rock has suddenly revealed a bonanza. This, to a certain degree, is the history of the Consolidated Virginia and California mines. Under the influence of these discoveries the shares of the former mine rose from $70 in February, 1874, to $700 in January, 1875. In January, 1874, the California sold at $4 per share, in January 1875, at $500. The Consolidated Virginia has paid forty-six dividends of the grand total of $41,040,000, and the California twenty-seven dividends, aggregating $29,090,000—or seventy percent. of the original amount invested in both mines. The falling off in production and the suspension of dividends have caused a decline in the shares of these mines to $12, and $14. There is reason to believe, however, that they have new surprises in prospect for their stockholders. The shares of the Sierra Nevada mine rose from $4 in June, 1878 to $280 in October last. It subsequently fell to $140, but is now steadily rising under the promise of a bonanza which mining experts report to be near at hand. Should these hopes be realized it will carry up the whole mining stock market to a high range of figures. The quotations on the San Francisco Exchange represent speculative rather than real values. The stock of some of the best, paying mines is not offered for speculation, their proprietors working them for their own benefit, and dividing the profit among themselves. The immense quantity of gold produced in the United States will be best appreciated by comparing it with the whole production of the world from the earliest periods. This is estimated at $7,000,000,000. Statistical returns show that from 1849 to 1876 inclusive, the product of gold in this country was $1,356,490,745. What will it not be when Arizona and the other mineral regions are made accessible by railroads? It is not too much to say that rapid as has been the development and rich the yield of the mining countries west of the Missouri River within the last twenty years, it will be far greater in the future. This new source of wealth will lead to the formation of great commercial cities on the Pacific coast, to an overflow of capital into other branches of industry and enterprise, to the extension of agriculture, to manufacturing operations of every kind. The stimulus which this stream of annually increasing wealth will give to every species of production, cannot fail to vastly extend our trade with Asia, and to make San Francisco one of the first financial capitals of the world. In the end, the United States will exert as great an influence on moneyed operations in Europe as it now does politically. STUDY SKETCHES. OUR ADVANCED FRIENDS. "THE long majestic march" of human progress is forever moving onward. Upon the front and flank of the advancing column must be deployed the skirmishers to discover and intercept the hostile forces; for humanity goes forward only through an enemy's country, and prudent generalship demands the vanguard to be ever upon the alert. Dangers foreseen and unforeseen hover around and about, threatening destruction to stragglers, and hence in the battle of life there may be many self-constituted kindly disposed skirmishers that step to the front to watch and warn their fellow-soldiers when and where the insidious foe may strike. It is often a thankless task they assume, for indeed they appear as mere alarmists, who first take counsel of their fears, and give the signal of approaching danger when none threatens ; yet in truth the peril is ever impending—perchance but a cloud in the far-off horizon no bigger than a man's hand ; still to the circumspect thinker this contingent evil, though but in prospect, is an ever-present enemy. Too often do we fail to appreciate the real value of such men and women ; they are those who are brave enough to expose themselves to the brunt of the world's displeasure, and are our far-seeing friends so masked with a cloud of warning that our souls are filled with apprehension at sight of them. Let me not be thought here to refer to the Talmages and the Ingersolls of society ; the former, who familiarize vice to the youthful mind and fail to achieve the good they might otherwise do, by an indiscriminate diffusion of a dangerous knowledge ; nor to the latter, who would remove the safeguards and strongholds in religion, giving instead to the many-opinioned public a complication of powerful arguments, that at best but confuse—do not convince the multitude. Nor again to that class of beings, justly called croakers, who are so blinded by the shadows in their vision that things are stamped with failure almost before commenced. I have one in my mind now who voted the Centennial a dead letter before the corner-stone of Memorial Hall was laid. Such people are to be pitied, they lose so many of life's pleasures by ignoring opportunities, by never anticipating good results, by throwing obstacles in the way of success, by dampening all sanguine ardor, until the brightest hopes of a lifetime crumble to dust in their hands. These thoughts were engendered a few evenings since, after having listened to a most instructive lecture on the "Germ Theory of Disease," delivered by one of our prominent physicians of Philadelphia. He revived the ancient doctrine of Linnæus, which explains the contagiousness of infectious diseases, by the supposition that the poison transmitted from one person to another is composed of the seeds of cryptogamic plants, which flourish in the bodies of patients attacked with the malady. These seeds or spores, as they are technically called, were represented as being so extremely small that 20,000 of them, placed end to end, would measure only an inch ; and a little mass, one-fortieth of an inch in diameter, would contain over 50,000,000, each single one of which would be sufficient, if it had a chance to grow, to originate an attack of yellow fever, diphtheria, or small-pox in an unprotected person. Every individual, according to this doctrine, is looked upon as a sort of hot-bed for reproducing the seeds of the disease with which he is affected ; and these seeds are constantly given off by millions from skin, breath, etc., in all directions, and are disseminated by currents of air or by water, in such a way as to endanger an entire neighborhood. "He is an alarmist," said one of his critics, " and such men do harm rather than good ; they prate about the dangers that surround us on every side, create an uneasiness in our minds of which before we were blissfully unenlightened, and we do not care thus to meet trouble halfway —it will come soon enough for all of us." True, as far as it goes ; and to such people "a little knowledge is a dangerous thing." A small concession, a boundless license, like the man to whom the minister said: "Yes, read books on Sunday ; good books, not necessarily religious ones." And the man goes home, takes up a Byron or Swinburne, and reads it without the slightest compunctions of conscience. In point of fact that germ theory is no more alarming than any other. Whether disease be wafted to us through an atmospheric, gaseous, or more material form, except that the almost inconceivably rapid power of a single reproduction is a startling thought ; and it is well for us to know these things in order to guard ourselves against them. Not that we should shun the performance of a duty when called upon to act, but to know how on such occasions to protect the cause of the many by a knowledge of their danger and the means of lessening it. So, to those who are best fitted to the task, whose eyes are opened to the facts, do we shift the responsibility of action ; they may not always carry with them the welcome of a pleasant anticipation, but we soon learn to value their worth and to admire their moral courage. SCIENCE OLD GAS AND NEW. THE sudden fall in the price of gas stocks in this country, and to a still greater degree in England, indicates a popular belief that the introduction of electricity for general purposes of illumination will soon be accomplished. How much the announcement of Mr. Edison, that he has found the means of subdividing the electric current, so as to produce many small lights instead of a small number of powerful ones from one dynamo-electric engine, has tended to cause this drop in value, must of course be merely a matter of conjecture. It may be, however, only the incident which aroused the attention of the holders of stock to the fact that the market value of the shares is vastly disproportionate to the cost of the original plant, and that the profits are correspondingly enormous to the interest on the capital invested. The original shares have been subdivided and watered in various ways, so that, although the price paid at any particular time by the individuals who have bought in may be readily ascertained, the profits of the original grantees of the monopoly are beyond estimate. In shrinkages of this kind the loss falls on the capital of those who have bought for investment from others, at a high price, what intrinsically represents a small amount of property. Much distress is thus occasioned, for which the legislation of the future may provide a remedy ; but similar results have occurred and are liable to occur wherever the aggregate par value of shares differs greatly from the actual cost of the enterprise. Whatever may be the result of the efforts now being made to utilize the electric light for general purposes, one good will probably be accomplished, that of inviting closer scrutiny into the management of the gas companies, with a view to compel them to lower the price of illuminating gas, and to more thoroughly abate the nuisances connected with its manufacture ; on this last point a word may be said on another occasion. Judging by past experience it is one which will keep in the minds as well as the nostrils of men for yet a long time. All experiments (except Mr. Edison's, which are still unpublished) 16 PROGRESS. [NOV. 16, 1878. for the useful subdivision of electric light have failed; not for the reason that the laws of electricity are insufficiently understood, but because even a few interruptions along the course of a current of sufficient dynamic power weaken the current by dissipating it into heat and other forms of force; if he has contrived any method by which only the quantity of electricity required for local use is diverted from the main circuit, while the rest of the current moves on unimpaired in every other respect, the problem is solved. But such a solution is far from probable. It would seem that a more satisfactory result might be obtained by trying to produce small dynamo-electric machines, which would convert the motion into electricity at the place where the light is needed. Such instruments would compare with the large machines of Gramme, Wallace, Brush, and others now in use, as a small turbine to work a sewing machine compares with the large ones used at Fairmount dam to move the pumps. The cost of electric-lighting as compared with gas cannot yet be estimated with any certainty. Learned men differ greatly in their opinions, but that expressed by Mr. Robert Briggs, of this city, at the recent meeting of the British Association is perhaps best supported by the evidence before us. He finds that the burning of gas emits 100 times as much heat as accompanies the same amount of light when produced by the electric arc between carbon points. This is 30 times as much heat as is required to impel an engine which can give the same amount of electric light. But as the heat utilized in an average steam-engine of the best form, is only 0.14, or about one-seventh, it is evident that the force needed for the production of equal amounts of light, with all the imperfections of our present apparatus is ¼ as much when the electro-dynamic machines are used, as in burning gas. He concludes thus: "Every showing is disastrous to the future of coal gas lighting in the competition; the advancement of science looks to the overcoming of the mechanical difficulties, and to the accomplishment of the fullest theoretic results. The absolute economy of electric-lighting as compared to gas-lighting, is so enormous, that the time cannot be far distant when the former must take the latter's place for extensive illumination." Granting all the conclusions thus stated, there is still no reason to believe that the demand for gas will be lessened by the cessation of its use for illumination. If furnished at prices which we believe would give good interest on the bona fide capital expended, its use for fuel could be vastly increased. At present prices, based on large dividends upon inflated or watered shares, the cost of gas-heating places it beyond the reach of any except those who are wealthy, or in places where the heat is needed only at long intervals for a short time. Thus reduced in price, and made for heating, and not for illumination, the cost of manufacture would be greatly lessened, and its use would be within the means of every one. There would seem to be, therefore, no reason for any such apprehension on the part of holders of gas stock as at present prevails, that the money expended in the works will be lost. All that can be effected by the competition of electricity for lighting, under the most favorable conditions, is a reduction of profits to the normal standard of other investments. Even for this the method is still unknown. * * * THOSE who like unadulterated trout as a table dish will be pleased to learn of a recommendation made in the Tenth Report of the Commissioners of Fisheries of the State of New York. It is to furnish this estimable fish with an abundance of proper food, by transporting mosses and other aquatic plants from streams abounding in the insects, crustacea, and worms upon which trout in their natural condition subsist. The same suggestion might be carried out at the establishments for hatching and preserving trout by stocking small shallow pools with these lower forms of life, and turning part of the contents from time to time into the fishponds. No labor and but little expense would attend this mode of feeding the fish, for by excluding the larger carnivorous insects, the others would multiply with immense rapidity. That something should be done to improve the flavor of the fish preserved and fed by hand in ponds is obvious, for we read: "It is a well-known fact among fish culturists, that the growth, flavor, and color of trout are largely affected by the food which they obtain. To merely state the two extremes, trout fattened for market on liver are almost worthless for the table, while those that visit the salt water, and obtain shrimps and other similar food, are nearly equal to salmon." And again: visitors seeing the magnificent fish in thirty spacious preserves, each swarming with its hundreds or thousands of brook trout, California salmon, and salmon trout, "are surprised to learn that none of these fish are ever placed upon the table, the flavor of their flesh being but a few degrees removed from that of the liver on which they are fed." For our own part, while highly esteeming liver judiciously cooked, as an article of food, we prefer to receive it directly from the calf, and not to employ that "conscious zoodynamic automaton" the trout, for its conversion into the semblance of fish. Or, if perchance it must, from the shortness of the market supply, be served, when thus contaminated, let it be inscribed honestly on the bill of fare: Fried trout, liver flavor. * * * A NEW EXPLOSIVE.--Professor Reynolds, of the laboratory of Trinity College, Dublin, has recently discovered a new explosive. It is a mixture of three parts of chlorate of potassium with one part of a body called sulphurea. It is a white powder, and can be ignited at a lower temperature than ordinary gunpowder, while its effects are much more powerful. * * * MILK AS A VEHICLE FOR QUININE.--Milk is a good solvent, and effectually disguises the bitterness of this drug. One grain of quinine dissolved in an ounce of milk scarcely makes it bitter. An ounce of milk, indeed will dissolve two grains of quinine without imparting much bitterness to its taste. When five grains are dissolved in a tumblerful of milk all bitterness disappears. * * * NITRITE OF AMYL IN SEA-SICKNESS.--A recent writer in one of the English medical journals adds his voice in recommending the use of nitrite of amyl in sea-sickness. The drug must be given in continued doses of three drops until full flushing of the face is produced. In most cases no vomiting will occur after the first few doses. Toleration of the drug is soon established. Great caution is necessary, however, in its administration. A three-drop nitrite of amyl pearl should be crushed in a handkerchief, and applied to the nose while a deep inspiration is taken. * * * A NOVEL TREATMENT FOR SHOCK.--Dr. Charles T. Hunter, of this city, has lately treated the general shock following railroad injuries, etc., in a novel and successful manner. The patient is at once placed in a bath of 98° F.; the temperature of this bath is then rapidly raised to 110° F. As is well known the temperature of patients suffering from shock is as low as 96° in the armpit. By this method of treatment, Dr. Hunter has been able to raise the patient's temperature from 96° to 98½°, and to reduce his respiration from 36 to 20 in the minute. Before the bath the skin is cold and clammy, on taking the patient out it is warm and dry. The patient should be kept in the bath from ten to fifteen minutes. * * * SKIN-GRAFTING IN THE COLORED RACES.--A French naval surgeon stated at a scientific meeting in Paris, that during two years' residence at Guiana, he had made numerous experiments in epidermic (skin) transplantation, placing grafts on persons of different race and color. He found that not only did the graft take well, whether transplanted from the skin of the black to the white, or the reverse, but that there always remained a whitish line wherein pigmentation was not produced. The pigment was found to disappear when a graft was transplanted from a black to a white person, but when the two individuals were highly colored the graft remained black, except at the point of cicatrization. * * * MILK AS A PREVENTIVE OF LEAD POISONING.--The Journal de Médecine reports in a recent issue a remarkable instance of the regular consumption of milk by workmen in white lead factories. It was noticed in some French lead mills, that among a large number of workmen, two, who daily consumed a large quantity of milk, remained free from the injurious effects of the lead, which made themselves visible in many of the other hands. A daily ration of a quart of milk was then given to each of the workmen, and lead-colic soon became unknown. From 1868 to 1871, no case of colic occurred in these factories. A preventive of painters' colic, so simple and so efficacious, demands a fair trial in our own white lead factories. * * * A CURE FOR NEURALGIC TOOTHACHE.--A German physician recommends powdered quinine very highly as a local application for neuralgic toothache. The sufferer should dip a finger into fresh water and then into the quinine powder, and rub it thoroughly on the gum in the neighborhood of the painful tooth. The application should be repeated two or three times in succession. The bitter taste of the medicine should be borne as long as possible. Dr Darvaris tried this remedy first on himself, and then on numerous other persons; among the number were many who had tried other remedies in vain. It invariably produced a rapid alleviation of the pain. * * * PUBLIC HEATING BY STEAM.--At a recent meeting of citizens at Auburn, some very interesting statements were made by Mr. Holly, relative to the working of his system of steam heating. To test the system financially, some three miles of main pipes had been laid through sparsely settled neighborhoods, and several houses had been heated by steam. Each consumer contributed the amount of his previous year's coal bill, and this amount reimbursed the company for its expenses. This was thought to be a thorough test, since, in a thickly settled district, the system would work more economically and profitably. The mains ran up hill and down, and the loss from condensation was small, less than three per cent, on a mile of pipe when the full capacity of the main was used. The water so formed was carried along with the steam into the houses, where it was collected, and afforded a supply of pure, soft water for domestic purposes. The cost of fitting up a house of good size with all the necessary apparatus was $135 in all. The cooking done by the steam heat was excellent, and was most highly recommended by all parties concerned. NOV. 16, 1878.] PROGRESS. 17 LEGAL [The Legal Editor of PROGRESS will at intervals give a summary of remarkable cases as they occur in our courts. To-day we present the following:] A NOTABLE event of the past week, one that has excited attention not only within the limits of legal and insurance circles wherein it was especially interesting, but with the business community generally, was the trial of the case of "The Girard Life Insurance Annuity and Trust Company of Philadelphia,"administrators of Edward Magarge, deceased, tot he use of Sarah R. Magarge, against "The Mutual life Insurance Company of New York." The latter company issued a life policy to Edward Magarge, on April 14th, 1863, for $10,000, upon the condition, among other things, that "if the premium of $51 shall not be paid on the 14th days of January, April, July, and October of each year, the company shall not be liable to pay any part of the sum assured, the policy shall be void, and all payments thereon shall be forfeited to the company." Margarge paid these premiums for more than seven years, including October 14th, 1870. The next premium falling due the 14th day of Jan., 1871, which was Saturday, he neglected to pay until the 16th, the intervening day being Sunday, when he tendered it by a messenger to the company, which refused it. He did not make any tender of subsequent quarterly premiums up to the time of his death, which occurred in March, 1872. The company declining to pay the amount of the policy, Magarge's administrators brought suit to the use of the widow, to whom the policy had been assigned. The case was tried in September, 1875, before Judge Lynd, who entered judgment of non-suit against the plaintiffs. A writ of error was taken to the Supreme Court of the State upon this judgment, and the principal assignment of error was the refusal of the court below to admit evidence as to a custom alleged by plaintiffs to exist among Life Insurance Companies in Philadelphia, viz.: "To receive premiums subsequent to date of maturity under certain restrictions, and that the extension of time by the custom, which was likened to days of grace on commercial paper, frequently reached thirty days after the time the premiums fell due." Mainly upon this point the Supreme Court reversed the judgment of the lower tribunal (February 7th, 1878), and awarded a new trial, which was had on Thursday, November 7th, 1878, in Common Pleas, No. 3, Judge Yerkes presiding, and resulted in a verdict for $14,358.50 in favor of the widow of Magarge, it being the whole amount of the policy with interest. The plaintiffs showed on this trial that the premium, due January 14th, 1871, was tendered two days afterwards, and claimed it was in ample time, according to a custom of insurance companies to receive premiums after maturity, the insured being in usual health, even though the policies stipulated a forfeiture in case of non-payment of premiums on the day; they further claimed that the company's agent usually sent notices to Magarge of the time the quarterly payments would be due, but had wilfully neglected doing so in January, 1871; that at the time the premium was so due, Magarge was entitled to a balance of dividend, then in possession of the company, and exceeding the amount of the premium, which being applicable to the payment of the premium prevented a forfeiture of the policy; and that as at the time of the tender, on January 16th, 1871, the authorized agent declared the policy forfeited, Magarge was not required to make any further tender of premiums as they subsequently fell due. The company, defendant, on the other hand claimed that the alleged custom was not certain and uniform, and, therefore, could not be invoked to modify the general terms of the policy, which provided absolutely for a forfeiture when the premium became overdue, that the provisions of the policy did not require them to notify policy-holders of the falling due of premiums, the days of payment being specified in the policy, and such notifications, if made, being simply an act of courtesy. They denied that they had declared the policy forfeited as alleged, and claimed that Magarge was also in default for unpaid premiums that accrued subsequent to January 14th, 1871. As to the balance of dividend claimed by Magarge as a set off against the premium, the company alleged, that although there was a surplus on January 1st, 1871, the dividend declared thereon had not be ascertained and set apart to the credit of Magarge on January 14th, 1871, and not until March following; that the appropriation of such dividend could not be made without the direction of Magarge, who had the option to permit the dividends to accumulate, or to direct their application to the payment of premiums, and that his tenders of the January premium indicated his decision to permit the dividends to accumulate. The company also denied that Magarge was in usual health at the time he made the tender, January 16th, 1871, and for this reason would be without the custom, even if it were shown to exist. Judge Yerkes in his charge to the jury discussed, at length, the question whether there was a dividend applicable at the time of the alleged forfeiture to the payment of the premium, and arrived at the conclusion that it was an element outside of the case. He instructed the jury "that under a provision in the charter of th ecompany, dividends could not be appropriated to the payment of premiums without the consent of the Superintendent of the Insurance Department, and that as the dividend although earned was not actually apportioned to the various offices in January, 1871, it was not applicable to the payment of the premium at that time." It appears that there was no evidence of an actual consent by the superintendent to an appropriation of dividend to a payment of the January premiums; and the learned judge held that such consent could not be inferred in advance of the appropriation by the company itself. He says: "If it was as to the April premium, it would be different, for then the company had upon its books a dividend thus accredited to the policy." The more important feature of the case, however, related to the offer of the plaintiff to show the existence of a custom modifying the positive terms of the contract as set forth in the policy of insurance. Following the decision of the Supreme Court, on the reversal of this case, Judge Yerkes admitted evidence in regard to the custom of receiving overdue premiums, and submitted to the jury as questions of fact, the existence and nature of the custom, and whether Magarge had kept within its requirements. Upon this subject he charged as follows: "A custom to be a part of a contract and to control it must be shown to be certain, uniform, and notorious, that is, it must be so notorious to all business men that it is an irresistible inference that the parties when making the contract had the custom in view at the time. "Now as to the custom here. . . . . . . "It is testified by plaintiffs 'that the custom was to receive overdue premiums, when the insured was in his usual health, or if there was not a reasonable cause to the contrary.' Defendant's testimony is, 'that where it was the custom to receive overdue premiums, it was usual to make inquiry in regard to the health of the insured, and that there were some further limitations and modifications.' . . . . If you find the custom to be that they received the premiums when there was no reasonable cause to refuse them—where the man is in good health alone, or whether it is to make inquiries as to his health, or whether it is to refuse them when the man is of intemperate habits, or whether it is part of the custom to require the presence of the man in the office—if you find the custom is either of these, the next thing is to find whether the insured was within the custom. You have evidence of his habits; the defendants contending that they were such as to undermine his health. If you find that the custom is such as to render it necessary for you to inquire into his habits, it is for you to say whether his health was such as to bring him without the custom as proved." In regard to the non-payment of premiums subsequent to January, 1871, and in regard to the failure of the defendants to send the usual notice of the falling due of the January premium, the court charged as follows: "If there was no declaration (by the company or by their authorized agent) that the policy was forfeited, and if they refused the premium tendered January 16th, 1871, simply, and requested Magarge to call, it would not be an excuse for non-payment of subsequent premiums. "The want of sending notices of premiums falling due would be, perhaps, sufficient excuse—it having been proved without contradiction that there was such a custom. It would be a sufficient excuse for paying a few days afterward, but not for total neglect. The custom of sending out notices to job the memory of policy-holders would avail the insured in his failure to pay, for a day or two, perhaps longer. I do not think it would excuse him for a month or a year, where the usual notice had not been sent." Under these instructions the jury found for plaintiffs. The various questions raised upon the trial of this case were so important that it has awakened an unusual degree of interest in the business world. it is understood that the corporation defendant, by their counsel, Henry J. McCarthy, Esq., and ex-Judge Porter, will, in their turn, appeal to the higher court, whose final decision will be anxiously awaited. The plaintiffs are represented by John J. Ridgway and Daniel Dougherty, Esqs. PATENTS OUR PATENT SYSTEM. OF all the factors which have entered into and contributed to our prosperity during the cycle of our national existence, there is perhaps none that has exercised a more controlling influence than the inventions and discoveries of our men of genius in the various realms of the arts and applied sciences. The aim of every man, and of every State and nation is, or should be, the attainment of greater control over the forces of nature and their subjection to the wants of society. Nature, from her boundless laboratory, supplies the powers, forces, matter, and particles with its varied and wonderful properties, and these 18 PROGRESS. [NOV. 16, 1878 are lavishly supplied to man for his contemplation and study, in order that he may therefrom evolve new forms and arrangements of concrete mechanism, in and through which he may develop new and useful results and effects. There is, of course, a definite limit to the control of man over matter; he can neither create or destroy a simple atom of it; but what he can do and does, is to place its particles in new relations, thereby awakening some latent or dormant force or property, and producing some new effect or result, or an effect or result before known and observed in some more perfect manner. While the control of man over matter is thus restricted, the field for the exercise of his powers is quite broad enough. Again, no doubt, in the absence of all legislative protection to inventors and discoverers, such is the restless activity of mind, explorations into the field of science would continue to be made, and new discoveries and machines would be made, but that their number would be restricted, and the benefits to the masses of the people would be equally curtailed, is beyond doubt. For a considerable period after the engrafting upon the legislation of our country of laws recognizing inventions as a species of property, and extending thereto protection as such, a sentiment existed among a large class of our people of antagonism to such protective policy, and it was likened to the old English monopolies. And such sentiment is not wholly absent now, as is evident by the efforts made at the last session of Congress for such changes in the patent system as would, if adopted, seriously and most injuriously affect it, and take away from inventors that stimulus which is the prime object of all legislation upon the subject. Happily this opposition to our patent system is confined chiefly to two classes, who, together, are not numerically strong as compared with the mass of our people; one of these classes, and the more formidable because of their moneyed power, is composed of large corporate companies who desire to enjoy the fruits of inventors without corresponding compensation, and the other class is composed of those who are not correctly informed as to the precise nature and object of that protectorate which is thrown over patents by our legislative body. Our patent system, let it be understood, takes nothing from the community which in its absence it had the right to enjoy. It creates no monopoly in favor of any inventor over any subject-matter not of his own production. Its object and aim is to secure the most rapid development of our country in all that pertains to its varied and multiplied industries, and with this view, it says, in effect, to each and every one, invent, discover, produce, explore the realms of science, harness the forces of nature, awaken new and dormant activities, and bring forward the fruits of your labors, and your government will, conditionally, for a limited period of time, protect you, and your assignees, in the exclusive enjoyment of your inventions and discoveries; the condition being that you will, as a condition precedent to the protection you may seek, pay to the government a limited fee, and lodge in its archives a full and perfect description of the invention which you have made, so that at the termination of the grant the means of practicing the invention shall be available to all who may so desired to do so. This is, in every sense, a contract between the State and the subject, and one based on mutual consideration. If by mistake or accident a patent is allowed for an invention which was not new with the patentee, the public is protected from its operation through the instrumentality of the courts. While the limits of the present article forbid any extended and critical review of our patent laws, and our present purpose is, simply, to speak of the subject in general terms, we do not hesitate to declare ourselves emphatically on the side of inventors in resistance to any and all attempts that have been or may be made to withdraw from them the protection of the government, or to introduce any radical changes in the present legislation on the subject. That there are defects both in the character of the patent laws and in the administration of them, is hardly open to question, and we will have occasion hereafter to speak of some observed defects, and will labor to secure the appropriate remedies for their correction. No doubt a separate judicial tribunal, whose jurisdiction should be confined to the adjudication of controversies arising out of letters-patent, would go far towards remedying many of the defects of the present system. But whatever may be its defects, the patent system of the United States is probably simpler and better than that of any other country, and to our inventors, through the protection it holds out to them, our country is largely indebted for the progress that it has attained and the rank that our nation holds among the nations of the world. COLONEL THOMAS A. SCOTT'S sudden departure for Europe on Monday, November 3d, is explained by ill health, making complete rest imperative. Few men, in any country, have poured as much life and vigor into the narrow space of fifty-four years as Colonel Scott— and he will not be that age till the 28th of next December—and none have faithfully earned the right to repose from such unceasing toil. CHESS. All communications should be addressed to B. M. NEILL, Chess Editor of "PROGRESS." Seventh and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. PROBLEM NO. 1. BY JACOB ELSON. BLACK. WHITE. White to play and mate in two moves. It is customary to inaugurate a chess column by an introduction of promises. I do not propose to do so, preferring that the column should speak for itself. I present in this first number contributions from two Philadelphians. Both Messrs. Reichhelm and Elson are famed wherever chess is known. CHESS IN PHILADELPHIA. In the following interesting game, Mr. G. Reichhelm recently gave the odds of Q's Kt. to a strong Mercantile Library player: White, Mr. Reichhelm. Black, Mr. M. Remove wh's Q's Kt. 1. P to KB4 P to K4 (a) 2. P x P P to Q3 3. Kt to B3 QKt to B3 4. P to K4 P x P 5. B to B4 KB to B4 6. P to B3 Kt to B3 7. P to QKt4 B to Kt3 8. P to QR4 P to QR3 9. B to R3 B to Kt5 10. P to Kt5 B x Kt (b) 11. Q x B Kt to QR4 (c) 12. B to R2 P to B4 White, Mr. R. Black, Mr. M. 13. P x P e p QKt x P 14. P to Q4 (d) P x P 15. Castles P to Q6 dis ch 16. K to R sq Kt to K4 17. Q to Kt3 KKt to Kt5 18. B x P ch Kt x B 19. Q x Kt Kt to Kt5 (e) 20. R to B5 Q to Q2 21. Q x Kt B to Q 22. R to K5 ch K to B2 23. R to KB sq ch. and wins NOTES. (a) The best reply when receiving the odds of a piece. (b) It will be observed that this is compelled, for if the Black move Kt instead, then White plays B x P ch. and on K x B, Kt x P ch. requiring the piece. (c) The move cannot but bring disaster. White's QB now holds the key of the game. The Kt should have been played to K2 to allow castling. (d) The proper style, and the only way to continue the attack. Mr. Reichhelm never allows opportunities of this kind to slip. (e) His game is hopeless, whatever he may play. THE PUZZLER. All communications should be addressed to "Puzzle Editor" of "PROGRESS," S. W. corner Seventh and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. Original contributions are requested. 1. I am a word of five letters, and am born in fire. Behad me, and I am a pleasant enclosure; behead me again and I am the first ship; curtail me, and I am part of a vessel; curtail me again, and I am a watering place; behead and curtail me, and I am of equal value; behead me, and curtail me twice, and I am a father; behead and curtail me twice, and I am an article. 2. Take ten words denoted by— 50 arusw, 1051 ye, 51 so, 51 etot, 152 ec, 1 enos, 550 go, 50 eta, 50 wo, 100 nyan, Then if the initials are read aright, A famous commander comes to sight. 3. Arrange the nine digits in such a way that their sum shall equal one hundred. This can be done in at least twenty-five different ways. In one way they are arranged in three fractions. 4. Read the following words: ssmpa, taruho, rwfda, oitng, rende, sbeur, burhs. 5. Construct a sentence of thirty-four letters containing all the letters of the alphabet. NOV. 16, 1878.] PROGRESS. 19 DONNA QUIXOTE. BY JUSTIN MCCARTHY. (Copyrighted, 1878, by John W. Forney.) CHAPTER I. "WIDOWED WIFE AND WEDDED MAID." THE dawn came creeping slowly up over Genoa. It was the dawn of a beautiful morning in late autumn, when the Mediterranean shores of Northern Italy look specially lovely; and yet this dawn showed livid and cheerless in the eyes of the watchers who became aware of its presence as they saw it stealing into a room in a hotel that looked upon the arched promenade and the port and the sea. "Ugly night" is described in some lines of immortal beauty as coming breathing at the heels of the setting sun. The dawn sometimes looks uglier still as it comes breathing at the heels of the night, which threw at least a pitying and friendly shelter over tearstained faces and weary eyes. There were three or four persons in the room, and they were gathered round a death-bed. Albert Vanthorpe, a young Englishman of some three-and-twenty, had just died. The watchers had been with him all the night, and it was in the hopeless hush that followed the first assurance of his death that some of them became aware of the coming of the dawn. One of the watchers said in a low firm voice— "It is all over, there is nothing else to be done. I should like to be left alone for a little, if you please; I should like to be left alone—with my husband." "Oh, yes; even you, too, dearest! Only for a moment or two; you will come back again. Just a moment or two." The elder lady and the others left the room without a word, and the wife was alone with her husband. She was a very young wife, not to say a very young widow. She did not look quite twenty; she was in fact a little more than twenty-one; she was rather tall,, and had a pale face that looked as if the melancholy dawn were its proper setting. For all the haggardness given to her by the hour and the occasion she was singularly handsome. She sat by the bedside of the young man who lay dead, and took one of his hands in hers. Her eyes sometimes wandered round the room which the dawn began faintly to light. A strange indescribable effect was wrought on her mind by the sight of objects that had belonged to him and now belonged to him no more—his clothes, some of his books, his watch, his chain, rings, purse; the presents that he had brought home to give to friends, the cigar-case, the silver-mounted revolver that he had lately been carrying; all these things that had no owner now; or, stranger still, had her for their owner. It was strange, indeed, to think that she alone had now the absolute right to sit beside him as he lay dead; that it was for her alone to say who should come into the room and who should be refused admission. It was very strange to think that people would come to her soon and ask her what was to be done with everything he had left behind, and that her word would be a law even as to the very place where his body was to lie. The other day she was a dreamy, impracticable girl, full of nonsensical ideas and preposterous schemes; and now she had a whole world of practical responsibilities put upon her, and was absolutely independent of all control. She bent her face over the young man and kissed his chill, rigid hand; not again and again as agonized mourners vainly do, but once timidly and respectfully. This was not assuredly the sort of grief which a young wife just bereaved might be expected to feel. in all the strain and confusion of the moment's emotions, Gabrielle Ronalds was distinctly conscious of this; she was as clearly aware of it as she was aware of the fact that the coming of the dawn was rendering the lights of the soft lamps a superfluity. She knew that her regret for the dead man was not what the grief of a wife ought to be; and she was conscious of a painful impression that her putting on the aspect of a widow's sorrow would in some measure be like the playing of a part, perhaps like that of a professional mourner hired for a funeral. If she could have lived her life over again and could have known what was coming, she would have tried to love him much more than she had done; she would have compelled herself to love him; she must have loved him. Nobody surely could have deserved to be loved more than he deserved love from her. Of course she was inclined to heap unmerited reproaches on herself now, and to make a crime of what was in the truest sense a duty. The only fault of which she could even in this remorseful moment accuse herself was that she could not succeed in loving poor young Vanthorpe. She had never deceived him or herself as to her feelings; he knew that she did not love him; he knew more; he knew that she had tried her very best and failed. Now, however, she kept telling herself over and over again of his goodness and her unworthiness; of his generous heart, his uncalculating, unchanging affection, which would have given everything and which got nothing; and she contrasted this with her own cold and deliberate study of her emotions and inclinations, and she told herself that she ought to feel penitent and ashamed. After awhile some one tapped lightly at the door, and she heard a voice calling the name that was his. She stared, and turned her eyes instinctively to the bed, as if it must have been the dead man's name that was so inopportunely spoken. She forgot for the moment that it was her own name; that, like all the rest he once owned, it is belonged to him no longer but only to her. When we spoke of her as Gabrielle Ronalds a few lines back it was by the name which belonged to her as an unmarried girl. Nothing could be more natural than to describe her in this way, for in truth she had hardly had time to recognize herself by the name which marriage had given her. She has not yet been three days a wife, and she is a wife only in name. The last few hours of her married life had been spent in watching with others at her young husband's death-bed. All this is not so mysterious or even so romantic as it may seem at first. Albert Vanthorpe had loved her since they were boy and girl together, and she had sometimes thought that she could love him. But she had always found when he pressed the question on her, or she pressed it on herself, that she could not, and at last saw her way and made up her mind clearly on the point. he was always in weakly health, and he went on a long travelling expedition in order to get stronger; and for awhile he was growing stronger, and every one who cared for him began to hope that he had a long career before him. Perhaps he grew too fully assured of his own strength and he overtaxed it, and did all manner of toilsome and adventurous exploring feats, and he brought on his death. One day Gabrielle received a letter from him, dated from Genoa, telling her plainly that he had got thus far on his way home only to die, and in simple, pathetic tones asking her to give him the one only gratification he now could have in his closing hours—that of calling her his wife even for once before he died. To her who knew so well his sweet, soft, somewhat feminine nature this wish seemed peculiarly characteristic of him. She reproached herself that she had not forced herself to love him in time; and if he had now asked her to become his wife with the view that she might be burnt as his widow on his funeral pile, she was well in the mood to have uncompromisingly accepted the offer. She agreed to marry him, and she and his mother went out to Genoa together. There was no difficulty there in having his last romantic whim gratified. The event which he expected was nearer even than he had anticipated, and he died, as we have said, within three days after his marriage. He had had a will prepared, and he had it brought to him immediately after the marriage ceremony, and he read it over and signed it and had it properly attested. Gabrielle wondered that he could think of such things then, but he smiled with a peculiar melancholy sweetness at her, and murmured something about marriage altering a man's will, or something of the kind—she hardly knew what. When this was all done and the lawyer was gone he took her hand and kissed it, and told her he was now happy, for he had made her his wife and had made her rich. "Oh, I remember all your plans and projects," he said, "and now you can carry some of them out. you will be able to do good to somebody, at all events; and I should never have known the way how, and so that's all right." He smiled another of his boyish smiles, and the smile brought a pang to her heart. She had always complained of him for being too boyish, and sometimes impatiently given that as a reason why she could not marry him. he was older than she, but she had often talked and thought of him as if he were only a child. She was constantly complaining that he did not try to turn his life to any account, and had compared him more than once to Richard Carstone, in Bleak House, the young man who keeps to nothing, and dies saying he is just going to begin the world in earnest. "If he should remember that now," she thought with terror, and remind her of it, and tell her that her comparison was made good at last. But he did not remember it, or at least he did not say anything about it. he did remind her, however, that she had often told him that anybody with his fortune ought to be ashamed not to do some good for the world; "and now," he whispered, "I am doing some good for the world; for I am giving you the chance of doing good, and you know how to make use of it. So you see I am not quite such a foolish boy after all." Now it is all over. The dawn has come; the young life has gone. Some one is calling to her, is calling her by his name, and she is now and henceforth Mrs. Albert Vanthorpe, a wife a and widow at once. She is very calm and composed to all appearance, and she goes out, and talks, and gives directions in a low, firm tone, so that sometimes those who speak with her think she does not feel anything about what has happened; and those who know a little more of her story say to themselves, that of course she can't be expected to care much; that she had refused him before, and only married him now because he couldn't live, and to please him; and that she was to have a great deal of money. Still, the German chambermaid thought she might try to look a little more as if she was sorry; and the Italian nurse said she had seen many young widows in her time, but she did not remember ever to have seen one that took sorrow as easily as that. The English doctor who had been brought with the young man's mother and Gabrielle from Harley Street, and who could do nothing whatever but say a soft word or two to the hopeless patient, had taken Gabrielle's hand kindly in his and felt her pulse, and looked into her large tearless eyes, and told her to be sure she left Genoa as soon as possible and got back to the active life 20 PROGRESS. [NOV. 16, 1878. of England; and impressed upon her in low warning tones that she must still have many duties, and that the husband she had lost would think she was most faithful to his memory the more she tried to bear up and do them. For the doctor read the story of her calm demeanor so differently from the German chambermaid and the Italian nurse that he had formed an uneasy suspicion that the young widow was contemplating suicide. A woman is capable of anything, he said to himself, when she looks like that. Meanwhile the mother of the dead man, who had been with him to the last, and had only left the room at Gabrielle's prayer when all was done, now sent in her maid to ask if she might see Mrs. Albert Vanthorpe. The formality of the request surprised Gabrielle. Of course she would see Mrs. Leven, but should she not go to her? "Many thanks, no. Mrs. Leven would come to Mrs. Vanthorpe." Another moment and Mrs. Leven came. In the yet colorless dawn her face looked marvellously like that of her son. Gabrielle was going to meet her with all the affection due to their common suffering, but the elder woman cut her short at the very threshold. "No more of that, thank you, between us. While he was living I would not give him a moment's pain," --her lips trembled as she looked at the white rigid face on the pillow; "but now he cannot hear any more; and I have come to tell you that I am leaving Genoa at once, and that there is no reason why you and I should meet in England or anywhere else. We could never be friends--never, never! I blame you for all this; if he had never seen you he would be alive and happy now; or if you had married him in time, when the poor foolish boy asked you, he might have been alive now." "But, Mrs. Leven," the girl pleaded with scared, appealing face, "you always said you liked me--you always said you were so fond of me. You praised me when first I said I couldn't marry him; you told me yourself I had done right." "I didn't know then that the poor boy was so mad about you; I would rather he married anybody than have been unhappy. He was always happy until lately; and I know now that he never cared for his mother this long time. You have his name now, and all the rest. I don't grudge you his money--you know that. I am glad you have it, for it will help you make yourself ridiculous all the faster. I have only come to say now that I presume you will have my son buried with his father and his people." Gabrielle made a gesture as if in utter deprecation of any sinister purpose on her part. "Of course I insist upon nothing," Mrs. Leven went on; "I have no right. If cremation or something of that kind should suit your ideas, I have no right to interfere. I am told that my son's will gives you express right to do as you think fit in that matter too." Gabrielle did not know; she had not thought about the precise provisions of the will. "Oh, yes; you have the right to do as you please in everything. I only ask leave to remind you that my son was a gentleman; that there is a burial-place where his father and his grandfather were buried before him, and where his mother hopes to be buried one day; and where, before that time comes, she might wish sometimes to see her son's grave, if modern ideas would allow of so much concession to old-fashioned sentiment-- that's all." Gabrielle only said: "He is much more yours than mine, this poor boy. Though he did give me his name, I don't know how you think I would do anything-- if you do think it--to give you any pain about him; now, I mean," for she saw the expression forming itself on Mrs. Leven's face which would have said: "Have you not given me pain enough about him? Did you not take him from me?" So Gabrielle hastened to forestall superfluous contention with the one simple pathetic qualification "now." "Well, that is all I have to say; and it is easily said. I hope we shan't meet any more." "Ought we to quarrel here?" Gabrielle said, with a gesture towards the death-bed. "If he could hear us, think how it would pain him." "I did think of that while he could hear us. You must admit that I never said a word all the time to make him suspect that I was not delighted with all the whole arrangement." "No; you deceived me as well as him," Gabrielle said sadly; "I thought you were still to me what you always were before." "I meant to spare him, and I did spare him." "I thank you for that with all my heart and soul." "Don't thank me in his name. Let me be spared that." The mother went to the side of the bed and knelt down and remained a while there--only a moment or two, as if in prayer. The young wife leaned upon the window-frame, turning her eyes purposely away from what was passing in the room, and looked vacuously over the prospect of sea, and hills, and sails that was spreading out clearer and more lovely in the brightening dawn. Her heart was full of pity for the bereaved woman who once loved her; and now seemed to have only hatred for her. The girl's memory went back to days when that woman's house was the happiest home to her; when Albert and she were children together; to days much later, when the mother and she good-humoredly engaged in competition, one to spoil the young man, and the other to strengthen him; to days when it no more entered into the heart of any of the three that they could ever be sundered in affection, than it occurred to them to think that the boy's career was to end in mere boyhood. She looked back into the room; Mrs. Leven had risen from her knees and was going away. Gabrielle gave way to an impulse of old affection and devotion; she ran between her and the door, knelt down, caught her hand and pressed it to her lips. It was of no use. Mrs. Leven went resolutely and coldly out of the room, and the young widow was alone again with her husband. Never were two friends more devoted than the woman who had just gone from the room and the mother of the girl who was left there. When Gabrielle's mother died she had left her little daughter to the care of her friend, and had further made to the friend that faithful promise so often exacted by yearning affection, that if she could come back even for a moment, a shadow from the land of shadows, she would return to her friend to tell her of the whence and the whither. They were bound by the additional bond of affection that each was a widow, and each had but one child--at least Albert's mother had only him to love. But look how things come about; a few years pass and everything is unlike what the most cautious and calculating mind might have anticipated. The one thing reasonable would have seemed to be that this girl and boy should love each other and marry; and such seemed to be the arrangement of things developing itself, until suddenly the girl took it into her head that she could not love him, and that she would not marry him; and from that moment, as it seemed to his mother at least, all went wrong. The young man made himself intellectually and in all other ways the devoted slave to the girl who would not marry him. Her opinions upon everything were law to him; all her dreams, and whims, and odd new ways were the inspirations of genius for him; and the mother was not wrong in believing that a word from Gabrielle was more to him than a sermon or a precept from her. He never would listen to a word said in complaint of Gabrielle's refusal of him. He was always a weak and tender-natured lad, his mother thought; and this was one of the reasons why she would have wished Gabrielle to marry him, for the girl's vigor of intelligence and resolve would have counteracted the defects of his temperament. He went away to travel, evidently still holding to a hope that he could persuade Gabrielle to love him yet, and having vague ideas of doing something gallant and good to deserve her; and his mother, too, still looked for something of the kind. But Gabrielle would not hear of it, and at last left the home in which she had lived so long; and Mrs. Leven being still a handsome woman, who had barely ceased to be young, was herself induced one day to marry again. Hers was a filful nature, full of sudden emotion and impulse, and she accepted an offer of marriage, not very well knowing why she did so, but having a vague idea that she had been disappointed in everything she had a right to pay off the destinies by disappointing reasonable expectation in her own case. Then came the news that her boy was dying, and his passionate desire to be married to Gabrielle; and the mother was as angry in her heart with the girl for consenting to his entreaty now as for having refused it before. No question of money had anything to do with Mrs. Leven's anger. She had money of her own; her new husband was a man of considerable property. Her son's fortune, which was large, had all been left him by his father's brother, who had made it as a successful railway contractor. Mrs. Leven had never liked him or his money either, and would, if left to herself, have much preferred that her son should be wholly dependent on her. Albert's having a fortune of his own to look out to always seemed to her the first cause of his coming to have ideas that were not hers, and of his being ready to accept the laws of life from the lips of a pretty girl rather than from those of one who had lived and suffered and known the world. She blamed Gabrielle for everything--her own second marriage among the rest. She blamed herself, indeed, for having as it were forced the girl on her son's notice; but she only condemned Gabrielle now all the more for this. "Without this lass," says poor Caleb Balderstone, "would not our ruin have been a'thegither fulfilled!" Mrs. Leven now thought even more bitterly of her dear old friend's daughter. Without that lass there would have been little to suggest a ruin of her hopes, to say nothing of ruin's fufilment. Yet she kept down all her feelings for love of her son while she and Gabrielle were traveling to Genoa, and only revealed herself when Albert's ears could hear no more. It must be owned that the position of the young woman who is now left alone in the dawn with the corpse of the youth whose name she has taken is sufficiently strange and trying even for the bravest spirit and the healthiest temperament. A new life indeed is that which is opening on her. She is a widow almost at the very moment of becoming a wife; she has lost the brother of her heart and of her childhood; she has lost the friend who was a mother to her and seems to have found an enemy instead. Gabrielle never before thought of the possibility of her having an enemy, unless when in some of her dreamings she pictured herself as fearlessly frustrating the plans of the wicked in the cause of the good, and thus winning the enmity of the children of darkness and being proud of it. She has lost much indeed; and she has gained or had forced upon her what wise people would probably think most dangerous or fatal gifts for one so young and full of fancies; she has money and she has absolute independence. (To be continued in our next.) PROGRESS. A JOURNAL FOR MEN AND WOMEN. "For, whereas, Founders of States, Law-givers, Extirpirs of Tyrants, Fathers of the People, were honored but with the titles of worthies or demi-gods, inventors were ever consecrated with the Gods themselves."—BACON. I have long been convinced that an original periodical for men and women, a faithful record of human progress, and a courteous interchange of opinions on all subjects of eclectic philosophy, scientific and popular, was needed in the United States. To that end I have established this enterprise. The first number is before the public. It is a specimen of what I hope to make better and completer with every issue. I have been much encouraged by the heart-full welcome which thousands of old and new friends have extended to this experiment before they have seen the face of "PROGRESS;" and I am strong in the hope that, now they have seen it, they may take the deed for the will, as in advance they generously took the will for the deed. JOHN W. FORNEY, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR, 7th and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia. New York Office: 41 Park Row, 2d Story. Subscription five dollars a year in advance. Single copies ten cents. "Progress" is on sale at the five thousand News stands supplied by the American News Company in the different Cities and Towns of the Country. In London, England, "Progress" can be obtained and is on file at Gillig's American Reading Rooms, 449 Strand. In Paris, France, it is on file at the New York Herald Bureau, 49 Avenue de l'Opera, and at the Banking House of Drexel & Harjes, 31 Boulevard Hausman. On sale at Madame Michel's Kiosque, Boulevard des Capucines, in front of the Grand Hotel, and at S. G. Fotheringham's Bookstore, 8 Rue Neuve, des Capucines. "Progress" is published every Saturday in room No. 2, Press Building, 7th and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. For Advertising Rates apply at the Publication Office. Remittances by Checks, Drafts, and Postal Orders, payable to the order of John W. Forney. If necessary, money may be sent in Registered Letters. All Communications should be addressed to John W. Forney. RECORD OF ADVERTISERS. FENTON, THOMPSON & CO., Importers and Jobbers of SILKS & FANCY DRY GOODS, SHAWLS, WHITE GOODS, AND LINENS, No. 617 Chestnut and 617 Jayne Street. PHILADELPHIA MR. E. O. THOMPSON, MERCHANT TAILOR, 908 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA, Returns from his Annual Visit to London and Paris, with CHOICE GOODS AND NOVELTIES, At Popular Prices. BEST PANTALOONS, from Eight to Twelve Dollars. WITH SUITS AND OVERCOATS, at a corresponding price. LADIES' CLOTH WORK, In Piece Goods. READY-MADE PATTERN GARMENTS, SACQUES, ULSTERS, JACKETS, HABITS, &c. THE CLERGY provided with ordinary garments, and Church Vestments for all Sects. ENGLISH ULSTERS, for Walking, Traveling, Country, IN NEW STYLES. Good work and best material, low rates and small profit, secure large orders and permanent customers. L. WOLFF, PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMIST, Southwest Corner Chestnut and Twelfth Streets, PHILADELPHIA. CHARLES ALBRECHT. EDMUND WOLSIEFFER. ALBRECHT & CO., GRAND, SQUARE, & UPRIGHT PIANOS, The Leading Philadelphia Make, Offered at the Lowest Prices, Consistent with the Highest Standard. CATALOGUES MAILED FREE ON APPLICATION. WAREROOMS, No. 610 Arch St., Philadelphia. JULIAN NOA, LATE OF REUkauff & Noa, 1312 Chestnut Street, Importer and Dealer in fine Arts, and Manufacturer of Picture Frames. Art Parlor, 310 South 12th St., Philadelphia. PHILADELPHIA THERMÆ, 1013 Chestnut Street. Turkish, Russian, and Electro-Thermal Baths. New Russian Bath. Fine Swimming Bath. Open from 8 A. M. till 12 P. M. Tickets, $10.00. Russian Bath, without manipulation, 50 cents. FRENCH TEACHING. —PROF. Bachimont, Graduate of the University of France, teaches French by the Sauveur system, which enables the students to speak idiomatically and fluently in a school year. No English spoken. First lesson free. Terms moderate. 1328 Arch Street. CROSSCUP & WEST, ENGRAVERS ON WOOD, 702 Chestnut St., Philada. Views of Buildings, Machinery, Stoves, Seals, Portraits, Autographs, Maps, Tinted Envelopes, Monograms, Paper Headings, Posters, Catalogue and Book Illustrations. Particular attention given to Engraving of Machinery, and all work requiring Elaborate Details. THE AZTEC SYNDICATE OF ARIZONA, OFFICE, No 256 SOUTH THIRD ST., PHILADELPHIA, NOV. 3, 1878. This company was incorporated on April 26, 1878, under the laws of Pennsylvania, with a capital of $320,000, which represents the cost of the property. On August 12, 1878, the stockholders authorized an increase in the capital stock of $180,000, making $500,000, of which $130,000 was authorized to be sold for working capital, at the par value of $100 per share. $77,000 of this amount has already been disposed of at par. Our stock is all paid and non-assessable. The property of the company is situated in the Santa Rita Mountains, Pima county, Arizona Territory (formerly Sonora), and consists of the following twenty-eight and a half mines: Abundancia, Almoner, Anahuac, Apache, Aztec (No.2), Aztec (No.1), Aztec (No.3), Cochise, Coronade, Crystal, Georgia (½), Hidalgo, Inca, Iturbide, Jesuit, Jefferson, Joaquinita, Juarez, Julia V., Mixitile, Montezuma, Oro Estampado Plata Plata, Rosario, San Idelfonso, Sambrano, San Ignacio, Seneca, Toltec. Each mine is fifteen hundred feet long by six hundred feet wide. "STATEMENT OF WORK DONE ON THE MINES. "The Jefferson mine has shaft of 80 feet deep. "The Georgia Mine has tunnel 60 feet long. "The Aztec, No. 3, mine has shaft 70 feet deep. "The Almoner Mine has shaft 40 feet deep. "The Iturbide Mine has tunnel 75 feet long. "The Montezuma Mine has shaft (No. 1) 75 feet deep. "The Montezuma mine has shaft (No. 2) 45 feet deep. "The Montezuma Mine has various cuts and openings along croppings. "The Aztec, No. 1, Mine has shaft 75 feet deep. "The Aztec, No. 2, Mine has shaft 60 feet deep. "The Aztec, No. 2, Mine has also surface cuts across ledge at various points. "The Rosario Mine and the San Ignacio Mine have joint shaft on line between the two mines 25 feet deep. "The Inca Mine (Empress of India lode) has shaft 12 feet deep. "On the other mines comprised in the ownership of the company, surface openings, cuts, tunnels, etc., have been made in performance of the work required to be done from year to year to protect the titles under the laws—United States, Territorial, and local. "The Montezuma shaft, No. 1, is well and substantially timbered from top to bottom. A hoisting house has been put up over the shaft, the ground properly graded, and a horse-power whim or hoisting apparatus placed and in use. The Montezuma and Inca Mines, on the Empress of India lode, are two of the most prominent locations on this very large and valuable ledge. The croppings are very prominent, and the ledge, as is clearly shown by cropping at point where shaft No. 1 is being driven, is not less than 150 feet wide, carries very rich ore in broad, well-defined strata, and large quantities of ore that will give an average value of $100 per ton. "The ledge is traceable by its croppings throughout the two locations (Inca and Montezuma) 3,000 feet in length, has good walls, clearly defined, strong and regular. The formation or country rock is porphyry, and is universally considered most favorable for the existence of silver mines in depth. "The character of the ore is that popularly called 'free-milling ore,' is easily and cheaply reduced by the ordinary quicksilver amalgamation process, or by the lixiviation process. "There are over six hundred tons of ore now on the dumps ready for milling. "The Montezuma mine is alone capable of producing, when properly opened, ore in quantities to supply a very extensive reduction works—say 100 tons per day. "The Jefferson and Georgia Mines produce argentiferous Galena ores, suitable for reduction by smelting. "The Aztec, No. 3, is also a 'free-milling ore.' The ledge, from four to six feet in width, has very rich ores. "The Rosario and San Ignacio Mines show exceedingly well in the joint shaft; 25 feet deep, with width of ledge about four feet. "And so with many others of the company's mines." The titles to these mines have been examined and passed upon by our counsel in Tucson, Arizona, in San Francisco and Philadelphia, and pronounced by all of them to be perfect. A ten-stamp mill has been purchased and paid for, and is now en route to the mines. The following is a copy of assays made from different ores taken from the mines of this company, by Prof. W. T. Rickard, F. C. S., at Tucson: Montezuma Shaft, 60 feet deep, per ton................................................... $171 21 Aztec Shaft, 45 feet deep, per ton, 289 01 Rosario Shaft, 20 feet deep, per ton, ......................................................... 257 01 An assay recently made by Messrs. Booth & Garrett, of this city, of ore taken from the Montezuma Mine some months ago, showed $94 per ton. Several of our large stockholders in this city did not become interested in the company until after they had visited the mines and made a thorough investigation of them. Professor E. T. Cox, State Geologist of Indiana, writes us as follows, under date of October 30, 1878: "In advance of my detailed report on the mines of Southern Arizona, I desire to say that during the months of August and September last I visited the mines that have been prospected in the Santa Rita mountains that belong to the Aztec Company. They all contain a good showing of gold and silver ore. In some the pay-ore streak is very broad and rich in precious metals. "In my opinion, this group of mines comprises many lodes or veins that are of very great value. I may also add that the mines I examined give evidence of being true fissure veins, some of which can be followed by the cropping for miles." The following is a copy of assays made under Prof. Cox's supervision of ores selected by himself: Silver. Gold. San Ignacio and Rosario (joint shaft), average sample......................... $159 23 $50 23 San Ignacio and Rosario, selected sample ...................................................... 1099 61 251 16 Montezuma, average sample ............ 163 14 50 23 Montezuma, selected sample ........... 420 40 112 96 Aztec, No. 3, average sample ............ 249 73 37 95 Aztec, No. 3, selected sample ........... 532 52 62 55 George, average sample ..................... 93 46 3 76 The company has secured the services of Mr. Andrew G. Hunter as superintendent of mills, mines, etc., who has had many years' experience in mining operations, and is a man of undoubted capacity and integrity. He telegraphs as follows: "TUCSON, Nov. 1, 1878.—Just from mines. See way clear. Sufficient rich ores supply mill satisfactorily. Mill site entirely satisfactory. Water-power ample." It is the intention of the company, as soon as the mills commence to produce bullion, to send one of the officers from this city to reside in Arizona and manage its financial affairs there. OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY. President, J. W. JONES. Vice-President, THOMAS RUTTER. Secretary, ROBERT C. THOMAS. Treasurer, C. O. BAIRD. DREKA, 1121 Chestnut St., WEDDING INVITATIONS AND VISITING CARDS, In Correct Taste and First-class Execution. FINE STATIONERY A SPECIALTY. RECORD OF ADVERTISERS. The Changes in the Tailoring Business! The time was when a Suit of Clothes could not be purchased, if made to order, except at enormous prices, and the business was confined to a few who held apparently a patent on the trade. In those days it was not genteel to advertise in the newspapers, and such a thing as Ready-Made Clothing was not to be tolerated. We have lived to see and helped to make great changes. We were the first to break through this old style, and to-day find our methods of business extensively copied. The people see the advantages of our system of cheapening things by LARGE PURCHASES OF MATERIALS, LARGE SALES and SMALL PROFITS, NOT FORCING PEOPLE TO TAKE GOODS EVEN IF MADE TO ORDER, CASH PAYMENTS AND NOT TWELVE MONTHS' CREDITS, ONE PRICE TO EVERYBODY. We congratulate the people on being better served, and tradesmen are at liberty to IMITATE OUR ADVERTISEMENTS, IMITATE OUR SCALE OF PRICES, COPY OUR SPIRIT OF ACCOMMODATION. There is plenty room for all in business, and we never mean to disparage any one to push ourselves up, especially if we must follow where others have led. One of our advantages is in having a Ready-Made Clothing Department. FIRST.—It enables us to use larger quantities of goods, and therefore, we can buy more cheaply. SECOND.—It gives steadier work to our hands, and they work on a lower scale of prices. THIRD—It uses up all Remnants that do not have to be charged upon the prices to our Order-Work Customers. Besides, it is a great convenience to a gentleman at times to come in and try on a variety of Shapes and Colors, to see which they like best before ordering. Such is the advance in the Science of cutting and Measuring that almost any one can be readily fitted from our Ready-Made Stock. We keep Fine Qualities, Ready-Made, in Gents', Youths', and Boys' sizes. JOHN WANAMAKER & CO., FINEST TAILORING HOUSE 818 and 820 Chestnut Street. P.S.—Only One Class of Prizes was given by the Centennial, and we received one of those Prizes. No one received anything superior to us. The Singer Manufacturing Company. SINGER SEWING MACHINES, No. 1106 Chestnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. M. & A. HASSLER, MANUFACTURERS OF UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, and CANES, 634 Arch Street, Three doors below 7th PHILADELPHIA. THACKARA, BUCK & CO., No. 718 Chestnut Street, MANUFACTURERS OF FINE GAS FIXTURES, Polished Brass, English Gilt, Bronze, Silver and Gilt, Polished Gold, Nickel, Eastlake, Queen Anne, Gothic, Renaissance, of all the New Styles. FOR 1879. LIPPINCOTT'S MAGAZINE. AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY OF Literature, Science, Art, and Travel. With the JANUARY number commences the twenty-third volume and twelfth year of LIPPINCOTT'S MAGAZINE. The conductors take pleasure in stating that during hte coming year they will spare no efforts to supply their patrons with a fund of The Best and Most Attractive Reading, aiming to furnish entertainment, in the best sense, for every diversity of taste, - to be of no class, of no party, but belonging to all and profitable to all. The contents of the Magazine will embrace attractive SERIAL NOVELS, SHORT STORIES, SKETCHES OF TRAVEL, HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY, ESSAYS ON POPULAR QUESTIONS OF THE DAY, PAPERS OF WIT AND HUMOR, ARTICLES ON POPULAR SCIENCE, POEMS, REVIEWS, ETC. Our Monthly Gossip, always an important department of this journal, will be carefully sustained. The Pictoral Embellishment of the Magazine will be a matter of careful attention, with the object of rendering it an especially attractive feature. Among the contributions that will appear in the new volume are the following: A Series of Illustrated Papers on French Towns, by EDWARD KING, L. LEJEUNE, and others. A Series of Articles on German Political Life, by the author of "German Home Life." A Series of Illustrated Sketches of Rambles in the Wilds of Mexico and Central America, by Dr. FELIX L. OSWALD. A Series of Society Stories, under the title of "Woman's Husbands," by an anonymous writer. A Series of Sketches of Village Life in the South, by Miss ANNIE PORTER. Illustrated Articles descriptive of Life and Adventures in the Caucasus, by GEORGE KENNAN, author of "Tent Life in Siberia;" Wild Boars and Boar Hunting, by Dr. G. A. STOCKWELL: Capri, by DWIGHT BENTON: English Scenery, by HENRY JAMES, Jr., etc., etc. Contributions from the author of "The Honorable Miss Ferrard," Mrs. R. H. DAVIS, OLIVE LOGAN JENNIE WOODVILLE SHERWOOD BONNER (author of "Like unto Like"), MARY DEAN, (author of "The Boy on a Hill Farm"), etc., etc. Extraordinary Inducements to Club-Getters. To any person sending us a club of Five New Subscribers to Lippincott's Magazine for one year, at $4.00 each, will be presented a copy of Worcester's Quarto Dictionary. Illustrated and Unabridged. Library sheep. $10.00- For a club of Six New Subscribers, at $4.00 each, will be presented a full set of The Waverly Novels. Complete in 12 vols. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Extra Cloth. $12.00. For a club of Ten New Subscribers, at $4.00 each, will be presented Chamber's Encyclopædia. Popular Revised Edition. With 4000 Engravings and 40 Maps. 10 vols. 8vo. Extra cloth. $25.00. For sale by all Book and News Dealers. Terms: Yearly Subscriptions, $4.00. Single Number, 35 Cents. SPECIMEN NUMBER mailed, postage paid, to any address, on receipt of 20 cents. J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., Publishers, 715 and 717 Market St., Philadelphia. WINDOW AND SKYLIGHT-GLASS AT REDUCED PRICES, ROOF PAINT, $1 A GALLON. AND ALL OTHER PAINTS CHEAP. Pots and Brushes loaned free of charge. WM. F. SIMES & SONS, STEAM PAINT WORKS. No. 1102 Market Street. BY AUTHOR "THAT LASS O' LOWRIE'S." A QUIET LIFE. A QUIET LIFE, MRS. BURNETT'S NEW BOOKS. A QUIET LIFE. A Charming Love Story. By Mrs. Frances Hodgson Burnett, author of "Kathleen," "Theo," "Pretty Polly Pemberton," "Miss Crespigny," etc. Paper Cover, 50 cents, Cloth, $1.00. KATHLEEN. A Perfect Love Story. "THEO." A Love Story. PRETTY POLLY PEMBERTON. A Love Story. MISS CRESPIGNY. A Love Story. Price 50 cents each in paper cover, or $1.00 each in cloth. For sale by all Booksellers, and published by T. B. PETERSON & BROS., Philadelphia, Pa. Copies sent everywhere, free of postage, on receipt of price. All the New Novels are for sale at Peterson's. GLOVES. We beg to inform the people of Philadelphia, that we will make to measure, the finest quality of kid and other gloves, and guarantee a perfect fit. We have already made over 2000 pairs to measure, and have given perfect satisfaction. Full line of Ladies', Men's, and Misses' gloves of every description of leather always on hand. J. C. & J. F. FIELD, 45 S. 8th St., Philada. 30 East 14th St., N. Y. COAL. The undersigned have on hand, at the following places, a large stock of Coal, selected with care for family purposes. All the slate, as far as possible, is picked out by hand, and it is thoroughly screened before delivering to customers. Tons, in all cases, 2240 lbs., and prices as low as the quality and full weight will permit. YARDS. Island opposite South St., Richmond and Cumberland Sts., Tasker St. and Delaware River, Fairmount, 30th and Spring Garden Sts., Frankford Road and Reading Railroad, Germantown, Armat St., Chestnut Hill. AGENCIES. Ninth and Green Sts., Twentieth and Hamilton Sts., 317 Arch St., 805 Girard Avenue, South Street Wharf, Ninth and Columbia Avenue, Germantown Depot, Germantown R. R., 13th and Callowhill Sts., Front and Willow Sts., 624 Chestnut St., Dock Street Wharf, Ninth and Master Sts., New York Junction 204 South Fourth St. The yards and agencies are all connected by telegraph. Orders delivered promptly on short notice. BINES & SHEAFF, MAIN OFFICE, 114 South Fourth Street. RECORD OF ADVERTISERS "Unlike any other House." THE GRAND DEPOT. JOHN WANAMAKER. The Whole Block from Market to Chestnut St. to New City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. UNLIKE in quantity of goods to select from. UNLIKE in variety of stocks. UNLIKE in privileges to customers. UNLIKE in convenience for buying. UNLIKE in excellent methods of business. THE NEW Silks for Fall and Winter are superb. THE NEW Dress Goods are splendid. THE NEW Blankets and Quilts are wonderful. THE NEW Cloaks and Suits are perfect. THE NEW Hosiery and Underwear are elegant. THE NEW Millinery Department is magnificent. THE NEW Linen and Housekeeping Goods extra desirable. THE NEW China and Glassware Department is the finest in the city. We also propose to be unlike any other house in moderation of prices. PLEASE NOTE.—By a recent ruling of Post-Office Department, large or small packages may be sent by mail at very slight cost; the larger the package (up to four pounds) the smaller proportion of cost. This is a safe way to get goods. We solicit orders and will send samples when requested. We agree to fill the orders with exactness and promptness, and no one can buy any cheaper by coming to the city than they can with a three-penny stamped letter, containing order for money. We will refund money when goods are not satisfactory. JOHN WANAMAKER, GRAND DEPOT, . . . . 13th Street, PHILADELPHIA. Paper Hanging as a Fine Art. With increased facilities and added experience the undersigned respectfully offer their services to all those desirous of obtaining, for a moderate price, ARTISTIC DECORATION, combining in a high degree the three essentials of TRUTH, BEAUTY, AND POWER. WILSON & FENIMORE, 915 Market Street, Philadelphia. We have just opened the Finest Line of PAPER AND ENVELOPES, Done up in Plain and Rich Boxes, AT LOWEST PRICES. J. E. MAGEE & CO., STATIONERS AND PRINTERS, Chestnut St. above Eight, Philada. THE ROWLEY & CHEW PRINTING HOUSE, No. 712 Chestnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. Every Style and Variety of Job Printing neatly and artistically executed. Awarded the Highest Prize, a Gold Medal, at Paris, 1878. FARREL & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF HERRING'S PATENT CHAMPION SAFE No. 631 Chesnut Street, Philadelphia. ALTEMUS & CO., Blank Book Makers, Stationers, and Printers, No. 806 Market Street, PHILADELPHIA. CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER, PUBLISHERS, 624, 626, 628 Market Street, Philadelphia. On the Plains and Among the Peaks. By MARY DARTT. Cloth $1.00; paper 50c The above book is a little history of the collection of Animals and Birds shown by Mrs. Maxwell at the Centennial, which attracted so much attention on the account of its extent, the skill of the taxidermist who prepared them, and their artistic arrangement. Swedenborg and Channing. Showing the many and remarkable Agreements in the Beliefs and Teachings of these Writers. By B. F. BARRETT, author of "The Golden City," "New View of Hell," etc., etc. Cloth, $1.00. The Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. Giving the Derivation. Source, and Origin of Common Phrases, Allusions, and Words that have a Tale To Tell. By the REV. E. COBHAM BREWER, LL.D. Fourth edition. Crown 8vo. 1014 pages. Cloth, $3.50; half calf, $6.00. Treasury of Wisdom, Wit and Humor, Odd Comparisons and Proverbs. Authors, 931; Subjects, 1393; Quotations, 10,299. Compiled and arranged by ADAM WOOLEVER. Royal 8vo. Cloth, $2.50; sheep[?] library style, $3.50. Johnson's Lives of the English Poets, with Critical Observations on their Works; with a Life of the Author, by MACAULAY. 2 vols., 12 mo. Cloth, $3.00. Boswell's Life of Johnson. First complete American Edition. With numerous additions. By JOHN WILSON CROKER, M.P. 4 vols., 12mo. Cloth, $6.00. Rollin's Ancient History. A new stereotype edition, in 4 vols., 8vo. Large type. Cloth, gilt, $10.00. Thiers's History of the Consulate and Empire of France under Napoleon. Now complete. 5 vols., 8vo. Cloth, illustrated, $12.50. The Works of William Hazlitt. Comprising his "Table Talk," "Lectures on Literature," etc. 7 vols., 12mo. Cloth, $7.50. THE MOST POPULAR EDITION "THE CROWN EDITION" OF OUR STANDARD HISTORIES. Macaulay's England. Complete. Edited by his sister, LADY TREVELYAN; a Memoir by DEAN MILMAN; a Sketch of his Life and Writings, and a General Index, by S. AUSTIN ALLIBONE. Steel portrait. 5 vols. "Crown Edition," Cloth, extra gilt, price reduced, $5.00; library sheep. $7.50; half calf, gilt extra, $5.00. Hume's England. A new edition, with the author's last corrections and improvements, to which is prefixed a short account of his life, written by himself. 6 vols., with portrait. "Crown Edition." Cloth, extra gilt, price reduced, $6.00; sheep, $9.00; half calf, gilt extra, $16.00. Gibbon's Rome. With notes by REV. H. H. MILMAN. A new edition, to which is added a complete Index of the whole work. 6 vols., with portrait. "Crown Edition." Cloth, extra gilt, price reduced, $6.00; sheep, library style, $9.00; half calf, gilt extra, $18.00. *** The above books can be had at any bookstore, or will be sent by mail, postage prepaid, on receipt of the price, by the Publishers. THOMAS BROWN, Plumber & Gas Fitter, No. 1324 Walnut Street, Cor. of Juniper St., PHILADELPHIA. CARMANY, MEN'S FURNISHING GOODS, No. 802 Chestnut St., TIMES BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA. Fine Shirts. CONRAD MEYER & SONS, GRAND UPRIGHT AND SQUARE PIANO MANUFACTURERS, 722 ARCH ST., PHILADA., PA. PRIZE MEDALS AWARDED. 1851, 1876, 1878, LONDON, CENTENNIAL, PARIS, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia; Mechanics' Institute, Boston; also, prizes awarded American Institute, New York; Maryland Institute, Baltimore. Repairing in all branches. Second-hand Pianos always on hand. BUY FURNITURE, BEDDING, AND CARPETS AT GOULD & CO.'S N. E. cor. Ninth and Market. 37 and 29 North Second St. THE LARGEST AND CHEAPEST STOCK OF FINE AND MEDIUM PRICE FURNITURE AND CARPETS. NEWEST STYLES, RICHEST PATTERNS, AND FINEST FINISH IN PHILADELPHIA. Walnut Dressing Case Chamber Suites, with Italian and Tennessee Marbles, Eastlake, Queen Anne, and Antique Parlor Suites of every description, in Rare Silks, Pluses, Terries[?] or Hair Cloth. A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF ELEGANT PIANO STOOLS, covered with Plush, Terry and Hair Cloth, from $1.50 to $4.50, JUST RECEIVED IN STOCK. A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF ORIENTAL AND BRUSSELS CARPET, CAMP CHAIRS AT VERY LOW PRICES. Call and Examine our Goods. The Prices Alone will Sell Our Stock. GOULD & CO., 37 and 39 North Second St., N. E. cor. Ninth and Market. Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.