Feinberg/Whitman Literary File Prose "Only Crossing the Delaware" (Apr. 5, 1879). Progress Box 33 Folder 7 Printed copy. Includes poem "Italian Music in Dakota". PROGRESS A MIRROR FOR MEN AND WOMEN Vol. I- No. 21 Single Copies, SATURDAY, APRIL 5, 1879 $5 A Year, in Advance 10 Cents. Contents Editorial Paragraphs . . . . . 401 Topics of the Week . . . . . 402 Facts about Women . . . . . 403-404 The Theatres . . . . . . . 405 Only Crossing the Delaware, Walt Whitman, 406 Italian Music in Dakota (Poetry), . . 409 Our Clubs, . . . . . . . 410 Foreign--Pictures and Portraits of Foreign Travel . . . . . . . . 410 Our London Letter . . . . . 411 Paris Wit and Gossip . . . . . 412 Bella's Letter, No. 21 . . . . . 415 Study Sketches--The More Modern Dancing, 414 Beatrice Cenei, No. 1 . . . . . 415 Biography--David Miller, of Lancaster Country, Penna. . . . . . . 416 Reminiscences--Henry Clay, . . . 417 Chess, The Puzzler . . . . . 418 Donna Quixote Chapter XVII . . 419-420 Justin McCarthy's novel of Donna Quixote will be followed by American Money and Foreign Titles, a new novel, by John W. Forney. Next week: Beatrice Cenei, No. 2; Street Scenes in Genoa. John W. Forney, Editor and Proprietor, S.W. corner 7th and Chestnut Streets, 2d floor, Philadelphia I give much space to dear Walt Whitman in this week's PROGRESS, he writes of Spring on the Delaware, like a true naturalist. I want to say of Walt that he is not himself as much honored in his own country as he deserves. I became quite an object of interest at Lady Hardy's in London more than a year ago, when, at one of her literary soirees, it was stated that I knew the author of "Leaves of Grass." Swinburne, Rosetti, Justin McCarthy, Henry T. Byron, Henry Irving, and others, clustered to hear what sort of a being he was, and it gave me some great pleasure to testify that he was just as good a fellow as the best of them, and they all wished to see him in the old country, which he has never visited. I knew John M. Elliott, shot by Buford, at Frankfort, Kentucky, Wednesday, March 26th. He came into Congress in 1853, two years after John C. Breckinridge, and was about one year his senior, aged sixty. A gentle, graceful, agreeable man, and a devoted friend of the late Democratic Vice-President. A very large reduction in the price of that luxurious necessity, ice, is looked for this summer. Millions of tons have been stored, and it is said that so many persons are now in the business that it will be impossible to maintain old rates unless some sort of combination is entered into. A sketch of a local celebrity, David Miller, of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, will be as interesting as a type that has had many counterparts in other States. Lancaster County is to thousands of Westerns settlers, an old home and memory and Devil Dave Miller will be pleasant reading to them of a character who, in the hands of Sir Walter Scott, would have figured with the best of his partisan heroes. Charles Lanman, the genuine historian of Congress, prints some fresh correspondence with Henry Clay. After many years of suspense, the friends of General Fitz John Porter are rejoiced by the intelligence that the Court of Inquiry ordered by the President to examine into the serious charges against his conduct before the second battle of Bull Run, have unanimously acquitted him. Having known this gallant soldier for many years, and during a long residence in Washington, and especially during the late Civil War, I join sincerely in the general congratulations upon his deserved vindication. Doctrinaires in finance, whether free-traders, or hard-money philosophers, are daily confronted with facts impossible to refute. Canada is the last stubborn nut offered to Mr. Bright to crack, and now the Liverpool (England) Chamber of Commerce adopts a resolution in favor of an International agreement for the remonetization of silver. Nothing is surer, in my opinion, to come to bitter grief than the attempt to "solidify" the North on sectional issues; unless, indeed, the Democrats in Congress make greater fools of themselves than they did in 1860-61; and as they have so much invested in good behavior, they will hardly repeat that fearful blunder. Nobody cares about their removal of Republicans from office, as nobody expected anything else, and to do them justice, the Democrats are not as much plastered over with civil service pledges as our excellent President Hayes, and here at least, having made few promises, they cannot be charged with breaking any. That which is quite as sure still, to my mind, is that the party that makes the best and most honest effort to help business--not by crotchets, not theories, nor experiments, but by some broad, practical, generous scheme-- such a party will win. The public suffering is patent as the public uneasiness; the disease is almost universal. Let us wait and see if Congress is the good physician, or only a superficial quack. And not less sure than either of these propositions is the honest horror of the people for party altercations and party talk in Congress. As things stand, there is already too much to read, too little time for digestion and thought, amid the eternal din of sound and fury signifying nothing. Andrew D. White, President of the Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, the new minister to Berlin, is a nomination fit to be made, and the Executive deserves all honor for it. He resided in France after his heavy labors as Commissioner of Education in the United States Department, and I had the pleasure to make his acquaintance. Cultivated, learned, handsome, young, and profoundly Republican, he will adorn the German Mission and gracefully supplement the lamented Bayard Taylor. Before he goes to his post, his report on European science, learning, and education, will be laid before the Secretary of State, and will fully justify his highest expectations. 402 PROGRESS [APRIL 5, 1879 TOPICS OF THE WEEK What is doubtless intended by some of the leaders as the best way to revive sectional hatred, is the political discussion in Congress on the Army Appropriation Bill, which opened on Saturday last, by violent partisan speeches by the late Vice-President of the Confederacy, Mr. Stephens, for the Democrats, and General Garfield, of Ohio, for the Republicans, Mr. Stephens not up to his mark, and General Garfield making a profound impression. Without imitating the criminations common to such excitements, without repeating that the Democrats voted for the very bill they now insist upon repealing, and that Mr. Garfield against it, and now demands that it shall stand, one fact is clear to my mind, that the attempt to revive sectional feeling will fail, and that those who persist in that attempt will go to the wall, Honest citizens cannot be driven into a new frenzy on immaterial issues, and no party can to tamper with public opinion, least of all, the Democrats. Nor must these agitators on both sides forget that there is still one power too much ignored by both, who may spoil their plans. I mean the Executive, Mr. Hayes. So also is the following memory, in the words of General Garfield himself, spoken with great deliberation a few days after the meeting of the last or Forty-fifth Congress, in December, 1878. This memory is at once a reminder to himself and a warning to the Democrats: "The man who attempts to get up a political excitement in this country on the old sectional issues will find himself without a party and without support. The man who wants to serve his country must put himself in the line of its leading thought, and that is the restoration of business, trade, commerce, industry, sound political economy, honest money, and honest payment of all obligations; and the man who can add anything in the direction of the accomplishment of any of these purposes, is a public benefactor." * * * All honest men, eager for peace, and a rest from the selfish turmoil of partisan politics, are ready to give the Democracy a fair trial. Even Jefferson Dais a few days ago said on his own plantation to a reporter of the Boston Herald: "That he had changed his mind entirely upon one question viz., that the great staples of the South, cotton and sugar, could be produced with greater economy and in greater abundance by paid labor than by the labor of slaves. This has already been demonstrated, and that fact alone goes far to prove the advantage which the abolition of slavery has been to the whites. Her remarked that while the South was destitute of money, and the value of real estate was greatly depressed, in a very short time the price of landed property would advance because of its intrinsic value in the production of staple articles of commerce. He remarked that the only disturbing elements to be discerned now, were the efforts of the extremists upon both sides to keep alive animosities and hatreds of the past. If Congress would pursue a moderate course and attend to its legitimate duties of general legislation for the good of the whole country, the great social and industrial questions which were now a source of so much contention would settle themselves, and the country would be at peace. "In conclusion he said, 'You may assure your people that I have no unkindness in my heart to them or any of the people of the North. I am not the devil they have painted me. I have neither horns nor hoofs, and if they knew me, they would find I am very much like one of themselves.'" * * * So Jeff Davis spoke substantially twenty-four years ago when he was a good Union man, when he visited Portland, Maine, in 1854, as a member of the Cabinet of President Pierce, and I believe his words now are equally sincere. The sea of blood that has rolled between the two periods, 1854 and 1879, ought to wash out all bitter memories, and teach both sections to love and trust each other. * * * When Jefferson Davis frankly admits that the abolition of slavery has been a great blessing to the whites of the South, and when he denounces the "efforts of extremists on both sides to keep alive the animosities and hatreds of the past," and recommends moderation to his party in Congress, he deserves encouragement. This country can never be tranquil and is, in fact, not worth preserving, and had better be abandoned to immediate dissolution, if it is to be kept in eternal confusion and bitterness by the wretched quarrels of corrupt politicians and ambitious pretenders, whether Democrats or Republicans. 404 PROGRESS [April 5, 1879 tigers with women at Concert Hall, and it would attract much the same people. That ladies have attended these exhibitions, only makes them the more terrible. That they should lend the influence of their presence to the torture of their poor sisters, is a thought full of sorrow. We pretend to be shocked when we read that fair hands applauded the death-blow of the Roman gladiator, but human nature has not changed and men and women of to-day prove every hour that they too could huzza when the steel struck out life. The ladies have regarded the poor creatures on the tramp much as they regard so many doges. They have familiarized themselves with the brutality of the thing, and take account of it no more. They cannot attend these so-called sports without bad effect. Their own natures must be roughened by them. They kill pity, they harden the gentle spirit of woman into the cold, merciless, calculating mind of man. 406 PROGRESS. [April 5, 1879. ONLY CROSSING THE DELAWARE. WALT WHITMAN ON THE RIVER. The Delaware river - opening Spring, on it - the preceding Winter, and the ice - some starry nights - the Camden and Philadelphia Ferry _ only these and nothing more, are the threads of my off hand yarn, (I may as well notify you, reader dear, in advance.) With the return of April, to the skies, airs, waters of the Delaware, return the sea-gulls. I never tire of watching their broad and easy flight, in spirals, or as they oscillate with slow unflapping wings, or look down with curved beak, or dipping to the water after food. The crows, plenty enough all through the Winter, have vanished with the ice. Not one of them now to be seen. Spring is indeed preparing for, all sorts of ways, this river. A week ago I noticed the faintest yellow-green tinge on the neighboring maples and willow trees. Also plain signs of travel, trade, freight. The steamboats of last Summer have again come forth - some are in their slips, some going or coming, some just bustling up, handsome, freshly painted, for Summer work - the Columbia, the Edwin Forrest, (the Republic not yet out), the Reybold, the Nelly White, the Twilight, the Ariel, the Warner, The Perry, the Taggart, the Jersey Blue - even the hulky old Trenton - not forgetting those saucy little bull-pups of the current, the steam-tugs. But let me bunch and catalogue the whole affair: - The river itself, all the way from the sea - Cape Island on one side and Henlopen light on the other - up the broad Bay north, and so to Philadelphia and further so to Trenton - the sights I am most familiar with, (as I live in Camden, I view matters from that outlook) - the great arrogant, black, full-freighted ocean steamers, inward or outward bound - the never-ending variety of shores - the many white sails or black smoke-pipes in motion on the open stream - the ample width here between the two cities, intersected by old Windmill Island - an occasional man-of-war, sometimes a foreigner, at anchor, with her guns and port-holes, and the boats, and the brown-faced sailors, and the regular oar-strokes, and the gay crowds of "visiting day" - the frequent three-masted schooners, (a favorite style of marine build, hereabout of late years.) some of them new and very jaunty, with their white-gray sails and yellow pine spars; - the sloops dashing along in a fair wind - (I see one now, coming up, under broad canvas, her gaff-topsail shining in the sun, high and picturesque - what a thing of beauty amid the sky and waters!) - the crowded wharf-slips along the city - the flags of different nationalities, the sturdy English cross on its ground of blood, the French tricolor, the banner of the great North German Empire, and the Italian and the Spanish colors - sometimes, of an afternoon, the whole scene enlivened by a fleet of yachts, in a half-calm, lazily retuning from a race down at Gloucester - the neat, rakish, revenue steamer, Hamilton, in midstream, with her perpendicular stripes flaunting aft - the long ribands of fleecy-white stem, or dingy-black smoke, stretching far, fan-shaped, slanting diagonally across from the Kensington or Richmond shores, in the west-by-south-west wind. Then the Camden Ferry. What exhilaration, change, people, business, by day! What soothing, silent, wondrous hours I have had, at night, certain trips - pacing the deck, alone - forward or aft. What communion with the waters, the air, the exquisite chiaroscuro - the sky and stars, that speak no word, nothing to the intellect, yet so eloquent, so communicative to the soul. And the ferry men - little they know how much they have been to me, day and night - how many spells of listlessness, ennui, debility, (in my half-paralysis,) they and their hardy ways have dispelled. And the pilots - Captain Hand and Captain Walton by day, and Captain Olive at night; and my special friend Eugene Crosby, with his young arm so often supporting, circling, convoying me over the gaps of the bridge, through impediments, safely aboard. Indeed all my Ferry Friends - Captain Frazee, the Superintendent (gentlemanly and Democratic, with his clear eye to business, but his full-blooded human heart the centre of all) - Lindell, Moore, Thompson, Tilghman Hiskey, Fred Rauch, Frazee, Will Clark, Charley Baker, the Middletons, Tom Logan, Billy Button - and a dozen more, all my friends - and the engine-men, RR conductors, and news-agents. And the Ferry itself, with its queer scenes - sometimes children suddenly born in the waiting-houses - sometimes a masquerade party, going over at night, with a band of music, dancing and whirling like mad on the broad deck, in their fantastic dresses sometimes the astronomer, Mr. Whitall, who posts me up in points about the stars by a living lesson there and then, and answering every question - sometimes a prolific family group, eight, nine, ten, even twelve. (Yesterday as I crossed, a mother, father, and eight children, waiting in the ferry-house, bound Westward somewhere.) I have mentioned the crows. I always watch them from the boats. They play quite a part in the Winter scenes on the river, by day. Their black splatches are seen in relief against the snow and ice everywhere at that season - sometimes flying and flapping - sometimes on little or larger cakes, sailing up or down the stream. One day the river was mostly clear - only a single long ridge of broken ice making a stripe by itself, running along down the current for two miles, quite rapidly. On this white stripe the crows were congregated, hundreds of them - a funny procession - ("half mourning" was the comment of some one - indeed it was a sort of Chintz pattern.) Then the Reception Room, for passengers waiting. Here is life illustrated thoroughly. Take a picture I jotted there two or three weeks since. Afternoon, about 3 1/2 o'clock, it begins to snow. There has been a matiness performance of Pinafore; and from 4 1/2 to 5 comes a stream of homeward bound ladies. I never knew the spacious fine new room (about 50 feet square, high, dome-lit ceiling) to present a gayer, more lively scene - Handsome, well-drest Jersey women and girls, scores of them, couples or groups by themselves - streaming in for nearly an hour - the right eyes and glowing faces, coming in from the air - a sprinkling of snow on bonnets or dresses as they enter - five or ten minutes' waiting - the chatting and laughing - (women can have capital times among themselves, with plenty of wit, lunches, jovial abandon) - Lizzie, the pleasant-mannered waiting-room woman - for sounds, the bell-taps and steam-signals of the departing boats with their rhythmic, frequent break and undertone - the domestic pictures, mothers with bevies of daughters, (a charming sight) - children, countrymen - good-looking fellows, some young, some old - the railroad men in their blue clothes and caps - all the various characters of " the Comedy Human," represented or suggested. Then the moving panorama outside - some belated passenger frantically running, jumping after the boat - towards six o'clock the human stream rapidly thickening - now a pressure of vehicles, drays, piled RR crates - now a drove of cattle, making quite an excitement, the drovers with heavy sticks, belaboring the steaming sides of the frightened brutes - inside the Reception Room, business bargains, flirting, love-making, eclaircissements, even proposals - pleasant, sober-faced Phil coming in with his burden of afternoon papers - or Jo, or Charley (who jumped in the dock last week, and saved a stout lady from drowning) to replenish the stove, after clearing it with the long poker. The reader has discovered by this time that my piece indeed gives nothing more than a few simple, idle experiences, night and day, crossing from Federal street, Camden, to the foot of Markey street, Philadelphia. Let me print out some of my memoranda of the Winter, just as pencilled down on the spot. A January Night.- Fine trips across the Delaware to-night. Tide pretty high, and a strong ebb. River, a little after 8, full of ice, mostly broken, but some larger cakes making our boat hum and quiver as she strikes them. In the clear moonlight the spreads, strange, unearthly, silvery, faintly glistening, as far as I can see. Bumping, trembling, hissing like a thousand snakes, the tide-procession, as we wend with or through it, affords a grand undertone, in keeping with the scene. Overhead, the splendor is indescribable. Yet there seems something haughty, almost supercilious, in the silent interminable stars up there. One can understand, such a night, why, from the days of the Pharaohs, or Job, the dome of heaven, sprinkled with planes, has been the choicest theme of bibles, poems - has supplied the subltest, deepest criticism on human pride, glory, ambition. Another Winter Night. - I don't know anything more filling than to be on a powerful boat, of a clear, cool, extra-moonlight night, crushing proudly and resistlessly through the thick, marbly, glistening ice. The whole river is now spread with it - some immense cakes. There is a weirdness about the scene - partly the quality of the light with its tinge of blue, the lunar twilight - only the large stars holding their own in the radiance of the moon. Temperature sharp, comfortable for motion, dry, full of oxygen. But the sense of power, - the steady, scornful, imperious urge of our strong new engine and boat, as ploughs her way through the big and little cakes! Another. - For two hours I crossed and recrossed, merely for pleasure. Both sky and river went through several changes. The first for awhile had two vast fan-shaped echelons of light clouds, through which the moon waded, now radiating, carrying with her an aureole of tawny transparent brown, and now flooding the whole vast with clear vapory light-green, through which, as through an illuminated veil, she moved with measured womanly motion. Then, another trip, the heavens would be absolutely clear, and Luna in all her effulgence. The big Dipper in the North, with the double star in the handle much plainer than common. Then the sheeny track of light, in the water, dancing and rippling. such transformations! Such pictures and poems, inimitable, unsuspected, unrecorded! Another. - I am studying the stars, under advantages, as I cross to-night. (It is late in February, and again extra clear.) High toward the West, the Pleiades, tremulous with delicate sparkle, in the soft heavens. Aldebaran, leading the V-shaped Hyades - and overhead, Capella and her Kids. Most majestic of all, in full display in the high South, Orion, vast-spread, roomy, chief histrion of the stage, the sky with his shiny yellow rosette on his shoulder - and the Three Kings - and a little to the East, Sirius, calmly arrogant, most wonderous single star. Northward, the Great Dipper, with handle down. Elsewhere, the Sickle - the great W, or double triangle in Cassiopea - and a myriad others. 408 Progress. [April 5, 1879. Connection Between Low Rates of Interest and Business Activity - Rights and Functions of Capital. Jubilant articles relating to the business prospects of the country are once more frequently printed by some of our contemporaries. Hopeful anticipations are founded on statements that the downward tendency of prices has been arrested in a number of directions and a reaction commenced; that there are many signs of renewed activity in railway construction; that the number of persons out of employment has been greatly reduced; that the demand for nearly all kinds of manufactures and merchandise has materially increased, and that the general business condition has decidedly improved in nearly all important quarters. One of the most significant of these indications in Pennsylvania is the increase in the prince of iron progressing for some months past. Greater activity is also reported in mercantile circles. There is no doubt that the herculean labors and severe self-denial of the last few years have placed the country in a sounder financial position than it previously occupied, but in the struggle necessary to achieve this result a sweeping reorganization of the modes of transacting a large amount of business has been enforced. The great increase in exports could only have been secured by a vast increase in the productive power of our agricultural districts, accompanied by such enormous reductions in the rates of transportation, that the grain and provisions of trans Mississippi regions are now carried to the Atlantic seaboard at lower charges for freight than those imposed before the war on the corresponding products of Western Pennsylvania and Western New York. Small profits have become the rule in manufacturing and mercantile operations, as well as in the charges for all commodities and services, and the normal price of property fell so low while the nation was in the throes of preparation for resumption, that any noticeable change must almost necessarily be in the nature of an improvement. Some of the signs of a marked advance in prosperous activity are still, however, lacking as the continued prevalence of low rates of interest indicates that little of the hopeful and speculative spirit which prevailed before 1873 has yet been restored. The fact seems to be well settled, that the rate of interest upon loanable funds depends rather upon the degree of activity prevailing in business circles and the promise of profit held out to borrowers, than upon the existing quantity of money. If this role holds good it is scarcely reasonable to expect a full restoration of prosperity, in the sense in which that cheerful words is generally understood by the American people, before the current rates of interest rise to at least from six to seven per cent. Such excessively high rates of interest as have occasionally prevailed may never again be restored, but there have repeatedly been extraordinary fluctuations in great money centres heretofore, and they may be repeated hereafter, if speculation again becomes rampant. The rate of discount at the Bank of England, in June and July, 1866, was ten per cent. ; in December of the same year, it had fallen to three and three-fourths per cent. In 1867, it was down to two and a half per cent. ; the average for that year was four and three-fourths per cent. In 1863, it ranged from four to seven and a half per cent. during a period of six months; and on March 12th, 1879, it was again as low as two and a half per cent. But the Bank of England rates show the condition of that institution under requirements of its charter designed to secure the convertibility of its own notes rather than the exact state of the London money market, and the transactions in the commercial world are a better guide to the actual relation between business activity and rates of interest. The market rates of interest in the ten years, 1849 to 1859, in Philadelphia, ranged from 6 to 24 per cent. On looking at the public debt statement of the United States Treasury for 1878, we find that the greater part of the bonded debt was at 6 per cent., and none contracted before July, 1870, at less than five per cent. Now from August, 1877, to 1st of March, 1879, the Government has borrowed four hundred and seven millions at 4 per cent., and has since sold many millions more at the same rate. The money fund has decreased largely relatively to the population and business capabilities of the country, since the Government has declined one-third or two from six and one from five per cent. In the open money market the rate of interest has gone down from 7 per cent. or more, to 4 per cent. or less, while the stock of loanable funds has been declining very considerably relatively to the business possibilities of the country. So the stock or amount of loanable funds does not rule the rate of interest and no increase of this fund, either in paper or specie, or in both, would of itself reduce its cost to the borrower. The rent of money, like that of land, is governed not by its existing quantity, but by its promise of productiveness in use. It is said that, "interest eateth like a canker." This is true of old debts or deferred payments, for in such case the principal of the debt is not working for the profit of the debtor; but the interest accruing upon money borrowed and invested in productive business, instead of eating the borrower, feeds him upon the profits which he makes by the employment of other people's capital. Money is a creator as well as an exchanger of wealth ; it is never barren except when it is dead capital, hoarded and inactive. Lord Bacon, Adam Smith, and the authors of the Talmud may say what they please about it, but everybody who knows anything, knows that capital is a live thing, and as much and as actually reproductive as the labor which produced it. Capital is born alive, and needs only proper nursing to make it "bring forth after its kind." To the owners and judicious administrators of capital, it affords a very large profit. Let us hazard some estimates. It is known that at simple interest, at the rate of six per cent. per annum, any principal produces a sum equal to itself in sixteen years and eight months; and at compound interest, in a little less than twelve years. Something in the nature and under the laws of its use, produces such results; and there is no use in disputing facts. Theories and principles cannot contradict them without falsifying themselves. But let us venture a guess at the amount of interest earned in a year in the business of the United States. Suppose that the annual products of domestic industry, excluding the profits of commerce, are worth four thousand millions of dollars, which is not too much; and supposed that only one-fourth of those products go into market on the prevailing credit systems; then at an aggregate of ten per cent, the interest paid amounts to one hundred millions. Is ten per cent too much? How often are goods sold and resold? If the prime cost pays but six per cent, the successive vendors must charge the interest upon their several investments, or they must lose it. They may not distinctly calculate it, but they must include it confusedly in the advance of their sale prices, and this reduplication of six per cent, may certainly reach ten, by the time the commodities have come into the hands of the consumer. Besides, interest ranges from five to twenty per cent. in the various States of the Union, so our estimate of an average of ten per cent, is not excessive. To this hundred millions must be added the whole amount paid upon loans and debts not invested in trade. The national banks alone, charge outstanding loans and discounts on 1st January, 1879, $820,213,812. To this add an equal sum for loans made outside of the national banks and we have above $1,600,000,000, paying six per cent. or more. This would give us at least $96,000,000, or at an average of seven per cent, $112,000,000. Now if the borrowers pay to the banks $100,000,000 per annum, and refund themselves by $100,000,000 from their customers, we have still about ten per cent. interest paid on the exchange of domestic productions, counting these as entering into the credit system of exchanges, at only one-fourth, or $1,000,000,000 of their actual prime values. If agriculturists gain ten per cent. upon their investment of capital and expenses, and money earns just as much, where is the inequality of earnings between the ownership of real and of credit funds? Merchants and brokers, the exchangers, in a few instances make millions, and the rest become bankrupts; producers make only hundreds and thousands. But these last are so much more numerous-more than five to one- that their aggregate accumulations are immensely greater than those of the former. Other estimates of the amount of interest paid upon the credit system of the United States, based upon other data, make it three of four times greater than our results; but we are here only treating the charge made upon the business negotiations of the native products, without embracing the immense transactions of the money market in funds or credits. The bush that Moses saw on the Mount, burned and was not consumed. This is the fanciful analogy of the opponents of interest upon capital. But the analogy does not hold; the burning bush that was not consumed did not produce any other or additional bushes, yielding seed after its kind. Money does this in its agency in reproduction. It is true that if a man has capital enough to support him by its interest for one year, he has it for any number of years without further labor or earnings, and still the principal remains undiminished. That is one side of the question. The other side, on which the equity of its hire or rent rests, is that it affords a profit to the borrower equal to, or more than equal to, all that he pays to the owner for its use. Surely the owner is entitled to all the net profit the fund is capable of producing. The fund is the lender's and the borrower is entitled to only whatever increase it is capable of yielding to his own industry and superintendence, with a fair profit besides. Wealth is dried labor, and the dried and preserved is surely as well entitled to the rewards of its use and service as the green. SOUTHERN manufactories increase. A match factory has been opened in Augusta, Georgia. April 5, 1879.] Progress. 409 TWO HUNDRED YEARS AGO. The devil's race-ground- a tradition of the Delaware. Part III. A signal now the skipper made, Which brought all round like dress parade; Then from the cabin comes a book On which they all with rev'rence look; Its huge, strong cover, edged with brass, And closely held by metal clasp, Tells what it is. Oft hid with care, But always used in household prayer. Then one, a man with reverend look, With reverence, kneeling, takes the book, Returns their thanks for daily care, For life and health, and bessings rare; Then prays for those who, left behind, Are always kept in loving mind. He reads; then, in a noble Saxon song, All joining in with heart and tongue, Their faces all with zeal aglow, "Praise God from whom all blessings flow." The breeze now coming from the strand Tells them it is a pine tree land, Which calls to mind their former days Of childhood's time and childhood's plays, Which long they sung in Homeland lore, And hoped 'twould last for evermore; Bu ocean's shells upon this shore Echo this word as "Nevermore!" Yet still these maidens' voices plain, "When shall we three meet again?" "When shall we three meet again?" "Oft shall glowing hope expire;" "Oft shall wearied love retire" "Ere we three shall meet again!" The elders sing not; only sigh; Homesick; their thoughts far backward fly. But down to sleep they go at last, Trusting that all the worst is past; That soon, their way made clear and plain, And hope and peace return again. The morning lights appears at last, And sunlight glows like molten brass; The tall pines crowd th' adjacent shores Like pillars at cathedral doors; Whilst topmost boughs so interlace That rain nor light can find a space Through which they e'er can reach the ground, Clothed with a carpet sere and brown, Of dead wood spires, thrown from the trees Whilst toying with the summer's breeze. The ebb tide now has almost ceased, The anchor from it hold released, The sails rise up with creaking sound, The shores the sailors' cries rebound. She answers to her helm- her sail Filled by a soft, sweet Southern gale: She needs but one short run, and then Will be inside Cape Inlopen.* This name was given by 'Nelis Mey, In honor of the Friesland place Where first he showed his honest face. The Eastern point of that same bay Was named by him as Caput Mey. *The Delaware Bay was discovered by Captain Cornelis Mey, a Swede, who named one Cape Inlopen or Henlopen, and the other Cape Mey. In honest pride, the Captain thought He immortality had bought By placing on that clean, white sand A name no mean act e'er had stained; Yet little thought of future day When thousands here would come and stay, And try- with soap, and sand, and tide- To wash them clean- at least, outside. The vessel, now forced by the tide, Tends slowly to the western side, Where Nature, with a profuse hand, Had wrought such covering for the land; Such mingled and contrasted shade; Such myriad mixed figures made, That human hands and human eye, If changed, could not such forms supply. A carpet, wrought in flowers so sweet That fairies here in dance might meet, And each one find a thousand cells In which to hide, or sleep, or dwell. It was a space of forest glade, Closed overhead by dogwood shade, And Nature, in her playful way, Pencil'd its sides with frescoes gay. No wonder at the perfume there, That floats on every wave of air; For, in the sweet magnolia flower The fairies bathe and make their bower, And playful dancing, shake their wings When each on each the odor flings. A flowing stream purls round the scene, The sunbeams dancing on its sheen, And Captain Mey, with a pleased smile, Had named this stream the Blommers Kyle.* Soon Spinnet udden's** plainly seen, And Spoden Bonk,*** in lovely green. Here clouds on clouds of ducks arise, Shutting out sunlight from the eyes; From whence it gets a Swedish name, 'Twas Auch Kyle then, but Duck Creek now; And, looking from the larboard side, There Mingues**** rolls its sluggish tide. The sun again has crossed the sky, And birds, in flocks, are passing by; Some woodlands seek, to roost on trees, Whilst others fly to inland seas. They were not shy, yet were not free- Had not much thought a foe to see. The waning of the flood tide's power And failing wind at twilight hour, Gave warning to the floating bark To stay their source ere it was dark. Thus soon the flapping sails secured, The anchor in the ooze is moored; They ride at ease on ebbing tide, Some distance from the river's side, And all on board then scan the sky In hope some cabin's smoke to spy. "Who knows? There may be some one there "Was born and reared in mountain air. "Then let us sound out Alpine horn; "Perhaps 'twill reach some Schweitzer born, "And, rattling at his window sash, "Rouse him with dear old Ranz de Vache!" Had this man known what here I tell,***** On that near shore had once befell, He'd put his finger in the fire Ere giving life to that desire. *Flower Creek. **Spider Point. ****Bombay Hook. ****Apoquiniminck. *****The early settlers brought very much of the old-time belief in witches and demons. (Conclusion next week.) 410 PROGRESS [April 5,1879 OUR CLUBS The most attractive feature of the London Savage Club appears to be passing away. It was originally composed of gentlemen more or less connected with the drama and the arts, and was flavored with a spice of Bohemianism, which gave it great interest to outsiders, and anecdotes and gossip of the Savage were everywhere eagerly read. Now the club meets at a small tavern on the Strand, and has for its Secretary a gentleman who is "something in the city," and for its Treasurer a lawyer, and this when the first rule of the society requires its members to be persons professionally connected with literature or the drama. Clubs on the style of the Savage have prospered, and still prosper with us. The Lotus of New York, stylish and aristocratic s it is, glories in its actor and journalist members. The Bohemian of San Francisco, though lacking a house, gathers all Bohemians into its handsome suite of rooms. Philadelphia has tried a Savage Club, name and all, more than once, and failed. Its Press Cub has always been ambitious to carry the flag of high life Bohemia, but somehow the Press Club could never have more than the cold sympathy of newspaper proprietors, and so fell under the management of reporters and sub-editors, who tried hard enough, but had neither money nor influence to give the organization the standing they hoped for it. The light of the Press Club burns brilliantly occasionally, and then flickers out. Today it does not shine at all. Perhaps the most encouraging prospect for a Savage Club in Philadelphia, at the present time, is found in the Actors' Order of Friendship, which has recently progressed very rapidly, and is now firmly established on Chestnut below Broad. Actors only are admitted to the privileges of the club, and recently a proposition to accept members from among journalists and artists was defeated after long discussion. But that very discussion proves that the idea has friends, and doubtless with the proper encouragement the "Actors' Order" will yet be our "Savage," a the Savage once was. The rooms of the Order are handsomely fitted up, and it is continually being enriched by presents of books and pictures from ladies and gentlemen in the profession. It is rich and prosperous. The Penn Club, at Eighth and Locust, makes it a point to entertain distinguished strangers, but the Penn is solemn and dignified. Of the Penn Horace H. Furness, Esq., the well-known Shakespearean scholar, is President. "The Saturday Night Club," which all through the winter gives grand entertainments a the house members, each playing host in turn, invites visitors, and could easily be the Savage if it wished, but that would require so radical a change in its customs, that it is not to be thought of. The Union League will not play cards, and has snubbed its young element, so it would be folly to look there. Besides the League must ever remain more political than social. The Philadelphia Club, though hardly as stately as the Penn, is still ruled by old gentlemen, and the Reform does not seem to care particularly about those things which give the charm to the New York Lotus. By the by, theatre folks are looking with thinking eyes upon the old Reform club-house, on Chestnut above Fifteenth, and possibly that site may be taken for a theatre. In London, gambling at the clubs is so much on the increase, that even Labouchere, of Truth, is horrified, and when anything strikes Labouchere as specially wicked, the rest of the world may be satisfied that reformation is required. He declares that there is really no difference between many of the London clubs of to-day, and the old "hells" of which Crockford's was the best known, and he thinks the law ought ot be so amended as to encompass them in its restrictions. He says: "The only qualification for membership is the ability to lose and pay large sums. The ballot is a mere farce. The paying of a subscription to an institution - misnamed a club - where there is a ban put down to be played against day after day, does not prevent the place from being a gambling house." Our home gamblers are getting ready for the summer campaign and again this year the so-called club-houses, as actual gambling-hells as ever existed, will flourish at Cape May, Saratoga, Long Branch, and all the other chief resorts. At these "clubs" there is no pretence of balloting. They fly their flags, announcing their purposes, and yon walk in and sit down at the faro or routlette table with no more secresy than you pick up your cue in the billiard-room of the Continental Hotel. They are to all intents and purposes as public as were the saloons at Baden, Wiesbaden, and Homburg before United Germany. They give grand suppers, and the proprietor gamblers are as well known as their brothers at Monaco. The ladies do not talk to them, but no gentleman avoids them. They dress well and neatly, and apparently their consciences are untroubled by their trade. They carry themselves always as gentlemen, and are apt to be shy of attracting attention outside their headquarters. Except in the case of such men as Chamberlain and the late John Morrissey, and their class, they recognize the social ban which is upon them, and never invite conversation save when on business. Of course New York and New Jersey law says there shall be no gambling, just as it says there shall be no Sunday drinking-bars. But what would you? very much of the life of the resorts depends upon the club-men and the hotels, and could you ask merely for morality's sake that they be interfered with? Since Nunzio Finelli took charge of the restaurant at the League, a month or more ago, a new rule has been adopted. Everything must now be paid for when served. Members are no longer allowed to run bills at the restaurant. This departure naturally creates comment, but it is and experiment which will be given a fair trial to see if they cannot make the place at least cover expenses. Money owed was always paid some time, yet the many outstanding accounts aggregated a large sum, and it has been thought well to see how matters will work with cash payments. Finelli first came to this country from Italy as the cook of a naval officer, and has had considerable experience as a club and hotel caterer. His two caffes in the city are thought to supply the best fried oysters to be obtained anywhere. Fried oysters are Finelli's specialty, and his way of preparing them he guards as a secret without price. 412 PROGRESS [April 5, 1879. in a good book. But why or how this same instinct comes to be developed even more strongly in America, I know not. I can remember as though it were yesterday a certain wedding in New York, in which Kabeljans or Codfish (who were wont to hold their heads very high above the Hooks-whence the name), while on the other there was, it was said, a tinge not exactly of sangre azul but of the cauldron. To this wedding the New York newspapers gave as many columns and a far more frantic-florid extravagance of flamboyant description than has appeared in the Telegraph of Times over this late really royal marriage. Take it unto yourselves, my fellow-countrymen, that you are not one whit behind these effete slaves of hereditary despotism in manifesting a tendency to adore silk and tinsel. You may say you do not, that it is all for fun-that you laugh at your pennon while you exalt it-but it is not true. In these American newspapers now before me I find an excess of interest in the private life of millionaires and their wives' dresses, and their nieces', cousins' bonnets, which convinces me that not having any longer the solid ox-headed, or monkey-faced, or cat-polled idols of ancient Egypt, you have set up golden calves of your own, and that from the intense fervor of your religion, it will be many days before a Moses will come to reduce your deities to aurum potabile. Would that he might indeed come for every land! One thing, however, I must in fairness claim for us, oh Americans-which is this, that while the wedding of any great, wise, or good man, however distinguished, if he be not of rank, would ere be passed by with four lines, you would impartially spread forth columns on him also, in fact over anybody that anybody else ever heard of, or any other man. Thus endeth the first lesson. The enormous collections of brie-a-brie, formed under fashionable influence and Belgravian taste, which are every day brought to the hammer by Messrs, Sotheby & Wilkinson, or Christie & Manson, and the tremendous sums of money paid, generally in inverse ration to their really artistic or intrinsic value, suggests many strange reflections. A very few decades ago the progress of "culture" rendered it necessary for all who pretended to be cultivated to manifest some interest in antiquities and to collect evidences of it. Poor Fashion was at her wits' end. To manifest refined taste in true works of art, to absolutely grapple with the aesthetic was contrary to all her instincts; for her mission is to fight with Nature, as with Health, to suggest trains, chignons, corsets, and stuffy rooms, but nothing really beautiful. Now archaeology dealt chiefly with genuine developments-what was Fashion to do? Happy thought-there were the old playthings of her grandmother, Dresden, Chelsea, and all kinds of Old English china-all as silly in design as ugly in color, genteel shepherdesses with puggy lambs, Chloes and Strephons, and many other reflexes of the Rocco or Baroque age of wigs-an age in which Art was at its lowest. Then there was Buhl and Marquetrie, almost as extravagant and tasteless, and a mass of rubbish of the times of Queen Anne and the Regency, and it was pounced upon and sold for-to say its weight in gold would be far enough from the truth. Beautiful things might be had, but Fashion did not want Beauty. It is a fact that the most elegant and the most expensive Etruscan vase ever sold did not bring nearly what has been paid for a tawdy Chelsea pot. I myself have bought in London for ten shillings an exquisite and genuine Etruscan vase of unique pattern, not to be matched in the British Museum or Vatican, in fact I know of but one like it, which is in the Museum of Bologna. Had it been a very ugly old bit of Worcester it would have cost as many guineas and not have remained as many hours in the shop as it had months. The tulip-mania of Holland was nothing compared to the Baroque bric-a-brae mania of Europe at the present day, and the prices paid at a sale this week for a mass of objects, which no cultivated student of art would willingly have taken for a gift, if coupled with the condition that he should keep them before his eyes, is a strange comment on the poverty which is increasing so terribly as the writer passes. In music Carl Rosa's English Opera terminated on March 22d. PHILADELPHIA PARIS WIT AND GOSSIP TRANSLATED FROM THE PARIS JOURNALS. "I," said Jacquenot, "haven't the slightest fear of these midnight marauders, I scorn their attempts." "How is that?" "I laugh at them, I tell you, and for an excellent reason; I never go out at night." He separated from her, and she heard he was about to get married. She thereupon wrote to him that unless without a longer delay than eight days, he sent her the sum of forty thousand francs, she would have the disagreeable necessity of placing the letters which he had written to her, in the hands of his fiancée. For that amount of money she would return the correspondence. She added, that so as to have the letters entirely safe, she had given them in charge of a friend. Of course these letters were not the sort of literature he cared to have the young lady he was about to wed peruse, and there was nothing for it but to forward the money. He found out, it is true, where the letters were hidden, but he could not get them. Just as he was about signing the check, word was brought him that the house of the woman who had the letters was burned down. He waited awhile. Yes, his letters were destroyed with everything else. She, as will readily be believed, was wild with anger, and the funniest part of it all is that she really inquired if somehow the law could not give her revenge upon the friend who was so careless as to let her house burn, while it contained such important property belonging to somebody else. A bust of M. Gambetta, for the salon, is attracting much attention. It is signed Salvadio, and represents the chief of the Left addressing the House from the Tribune. Under the pseudonym of Salvadio, is hidden a young artiste, only twenty-one, an actress like Sara Bernhardt, and more than that, a singer at the Opera. It is said that Gambetta posed one day without knowing it, in the Chamber, but when he heard of the enthusiasm of the lady he went to her studio. One of the political exiles, pardoned and about returning to France, is bidding his chere amie on the island good-bye. "Do not cry little one. When I get back to Paris I will tell one of the Ministers of the 16th of May all about you, so that after awhile, when he comes out here as an exile, he will console you." "I have observed in several newspapers, French and foreign, a statement that M. de Girardin, editor of La France, and Deputy of Paris, had refused, in the corridor of the Chamber, to take the hand of M.L. Say. There is something in this, but the circumstance is not exactly told. The truth is that in the salon of Mme. Adam (in literature Juliette Lambert), M. de Girardin, who is out of humor concerning the financial affairs of certain railroads, turned his back upon the Minister of Finance, who approached him very cordially, and for the same reason M. de Girardin has had nothing to say for a long while to M. de Freycinet, the Minister of Public Works." Some of the Paris papers are insisting that Rochefort should be pardoned. The reactionary journals are very much excited over a poor little fact. A very charming and very simple one at that. Mlle. Grévy, the daughter of the President, has engaged a dancing master. These troublesome newspapers have at once concluded that if Mlle. Grévy takes dancing lessons, it is because she does not know how to dance. Observe the terrible thing. As Mlle. Grévy does not happen to be a political personage, it would be more polite if we did not talk so much about her and her affairs. But after all what does it prove, this ignorance of dancing? Only that Mlle. Grévy has not liked society. Those who know society certainly cannot consider that a crime. The rope of the hangman, which has broken in the operation, has special virtues for the superstitions. The other day they tried to hang a negro in America, and the rope broke. In consequence the poor sheriff has since been receiving letters every day from Europe, asking for pieces of the enchanted cord. He has replied, and the newspapers have published his answer. It is this: "Hereafter I will hang only with our end of the Atlantic Cable. You will, of course, have the other end, and you may pull it out, and cut off as much of the two thousand miles as you want." In the room of a sick man: "You have suffered a good deal, my poor friend?" "I should think so. I have had pneumonia." "Why where the deuce could that have come from?" "I looked for the word in the dictionary; it comes from the Greek." We speak of the reign of a king, and the reign of cholera as well. Language has now and then a wit of its own. MONSELET tells a story of life at Nice. It was fifteen days ago, during the Carnival. I went to the hotel of the Isles Brittaniques, and they gave me a pretty room, which they called a sun chamber, that is to say a room turned towards that side where the sun is in the habit of rising when it does rise, something, however, which he does not accomplish very often. He did not get up at all the time I was in that room. When I awoke in the morning I found I was all over red. I then understood that it was actually mosquitos which I had heard and felt during the night. Mosquitos in February! It was incredible, it was inconceivable, but it was true. When I had bathed my wounds, I went out on to the Corso, where I met my friends, who had many pleasant things to say of my appearance. The next night the same thing, the same playing of the little-winged tambourines. I couldn't close my eyes. I resolved to talk to the proprietor. He examined my countenance with interest. APRIL 5, 1879.] PROGRESS. 413 "Yes," he said, "they have done very well indeed." "There is no doubt of that," I replied. "Have you had enough?" "Enough? Certainly." "I will change your room. I will give you No. 27." "You do not have mosquitos in every room then?" "Of course not. You do not know how much it costs me to keep my mosquitos in good working condition. I have only one mosquito room. I really couldn't afford to have all my rooms heated up to the point which the mosquitoes like. I gave you the mosquitoes for a night or two, as an honor." "Bah!" "What would you? There are a great many people who will not believe they are at Nice unless they are bitten by mosquitoes winter and summer." Flags of an entirely new pattern are to be adopted for the French army. These standards will be solemnly distributed to the different regiments on the occasion of a grand review, which is to be held at Longehamps, in the Bois de Boulogne, during the month of June. The emplyés of the Parisian Gas Company, whose rounds are situated in dangerous localities, are now armed with the regulation police revolver. This on account of the frequent nocturnal attacks. It is hardly probable that the Exhibition building, on the Champs de Mars, will be allowed to stand. Many propositions have been made to the Government, looking to its retention, but in consequences of the necessary heavy expense, it is almost certain it will be destroyed. A second series of the articles entitles "Souvenirs de Second Empire," which created such a sensation during several months last year in the Paris Figaro's "WEdnesdays," has been commenced, in reference particularly to the historical period which followed closely upon the coup d'etal. The pungent pen of M. Granier de Cassagnac has thus again been brought into requisition, and the distinguished Imperialist has commenced the series by an attempt to justify the coup d'état itself, by a consideration of the attitude of the French population in Paris and the departments after its perpetration. HOME BELLA'S LETTERS. No. 21. CASTLE "BEAU MONDE," ON THE HEIGHTS, NEAR PHILADELPHIA. April 4th, 1879. My Dear Progress: You know I have a fancy that you should picture me just as I am when I am having one of my social little chats with you. Close your eyes then and see me in your mind's vision. My desk is spread before me, and I am writing under the pleasant light of the "argand." "Writing," you will ask, "but how can you amid such a din, such a chattering?" A philosopher once said: "One grows accustomed in time to everything;" and verily I believe it. All this noise has become the musical accompaniment to my thoughts; the very mill that helps turn them out rapidly. I had been, under the advice of others, reading several old books on American society, and was considerably surprised to notice how prominent a part our seemingly quiet Philadelphia ladies have always taken in public life. It was such distinguished women as Anne Willing, who afterwards became Mrs. William Bingham, Mrs. Robert Morris, Miss Shippen, and the only daughter of Benjamin Franklin, who by their intelligence, beauty, and wit, made Philadelphia the centre of attraction, as she was the early heart of the nation. The connections of the Willing family were extensive and powerful. Anne; the daughter of Thomas Willing, was perhaps one of the most celebrated women of her day. Her home, which was modelled after the Duke of Manchester's residence, and stood on Third Street, above Spruce, was one where taste, wealth, culture, and hospitality appropriately congregated. The house, surrounded by well-kept grounds, was almost regal in it appointments. The stairways were of fine marble, and the hall floors of tessellated stones, the first of the kind known in America. Mrs. Bingham was fond of introducing new customs into society. It was she who started with us the foreign fashion of announcing the names of guests on their arrival at a party, in a loud tone, from the hall to the drawing-room. Apropos of this it is related of a Republican gentleman, who became afterwards the President of the nation, that hearing his name called out so repeatedly, while he was divesting himself of his outside wraps, he cried out in response : "Coming!" "Coming!" and, in a louder voice, as he still heard the announcement at the door of the drawing-room: "Coming! just as soon as I can get off my great-coat." In the winter of 1795 Mrs. Bing- ham gave a sumptuous dinner in honor Judge Samuel Chase. The Judge was seated, as etiquette demanded, at the right hand of the fair hostess. Coolly adjusting his spectacles his guest viewed critically the super repast, which contrary to his substantial tastes, had been pre turning to the lady remarked: "A very pretty dinner, madame, but there is not a thing on your table I can eat." Mrs. Bingham was equal to the situation, and with perfect urbanity asked what she could have prepared for him. "A beefsteak or a piece of roast beef, madame," replied this prince condor. A whispered order was given to a servant, and there very soon appeared a perfectly cooked steak, which the judge attacked with appetite, washing it down with a couple pf bottles of brown stout in lieu of French wines, and finishing with the remark: "There, madame, I have made a sensible and excellent dinner, but no thanks to your French cook." The name of Shippen may be claimed by Philadelphia. Distinguished in the judiciary and the civil government, it is renowned because Margaret Shippen, great-granddaughter of Edward Shippen, Chief Justice of Pennsylvania, was the second wife of Benedict Arnold. She was beautiful, accomplished, and only nineteen years of age when he married that brave and brilliant officer, then and for many years, the friend and favorite of Washington and Hamilton. It has been intimated that she instrumental in the treason of Arnold, by the biographer of Arnold's compeer, Aaron Burr. One or two writers have calumniated her by the insinuation of complicity in the treason, chiefly on the authority of Burr but they failed to narrate that as her escort to Philadelphia, in the midst of her distress, he made love to the affiliated lady, thinking to take advantage of her jsut feelings of indignation towards her husband to help him in his infamous design: but he was indignantly repelled. Burr treasured up his revenge, and left a story behind him to blast this amiable lady's fam, when there might be none to disprove it. Burr is the author of this calumny, and its falsity is shown by one whose testimony is unimpeached, viz, Alexander Hamilton, who, in a letter to Miss Schuyler, uses these words: "Arnold, hearing of the plot being detected, immediately fled to the enemy. I went in pursuit of him, but was much too late, and hardly regret the disappointment, when, on my return, I saw an amiable woman (his wife) frantic with distress fort he loss of a husband she tenderly loved- a traitor to his country and to his fame- a disgrace to his connections. It was the most affecting scene I ever was witness to. She, for a considerable tome, entirely lost herself. The General (Washington) went up to see her, and she upbraided him with being in a plot to murder her child. One moment she raved, another she melted into tears. Sometimes she pressed her infant to her bosom, lamented its fate, occasioned by the imprudence of its father, in a manner which would have pierced insensibility itself. All the sweetness of beauty, all the loveliness of innocence, all the tenderness of a wife, and all the fondness of a mother, showed themselves in her appearance and conduct, We have every reason to believe that she was entirely unacquainted with the plan; that the first knowledge of it was then Arnold went to hell her he must banish himself from his country and from her forever. She instantly fell into convulsion, and he left her in that situation. This morning she is more composed. I paid her a visit, and endeavored to soothe her by every method in my power, though you may imagine she is not easily consoled. Added to her other distresses, she is very apprehensive, the resentment of her country will fall upon her (who is only unfortunate) for the guilt of her husband. I tried to persuade her that her fears were unfounded, but she will con be convinced. She received us in her bed, with every circumstance that interests one's sympathy, and her suffering were so eloquent that I wished myself her brother, that I might have right to become her defender." The mention of Aaron Burr brings to my mind a strange, eventful, history, the life of Theodosia Burr, his only and well-loved daughter. A few months ago I would have been unable to write of the wonderful story of Aaron Burr. But I have since visited Washington, and think I can speak intelligently about him now. Aaron Burr was a statesman who lived in the days of the fathers of the Republic. He was Vice-President of the United States, and came near being elected President; He was a Senator in Congress, and a great lawyer in New York. He killed Alexander Hamilton, his personal, political- and professional rival, in a duel in 1804. After that he made an attempt to establish a new government, against the Union, and was tried for treason, but was acquitted. Still that accusation, added to the duel with Hamilton, embittered his career, and outlawed him form society. He was a person of singularly fine manners and rare attainments, but had it not been for his daughter Theodosia he would now be utterly forgotten, or recollected only as a warning. In days gone by most women figured in humble positions, and even Mrs. Washington and Mrs. John Quincy Adams, Miss Jefferson, Mrs. Monroe, Mrs. Madison, Mrs. John Quincy Adams, and Mrs. Jackson, the wives of the men who became presidents , were, as I have been told, not remarkable for great beauty of extraordinary talents. There were plenty of handsome ladies living in the families of these accidental stars, and I have read many a pretty romance about the beauties who graced the Republican court when it was stationed in Philadelphia, before the National Capital was fully established in Washington. From all accounts Theodosia Burr was formed alike by nature and education to ornament the highest sphere. From her mother she inherited a face and form of striking beauty and symmetry, from her father indomitable courage and fortitude. All this raised her far above the level of the women of her day. She was her father's counsellor and champion. Her affection for him was more than a filial one; he was her idol. Blind to his faults, she saw only his virtues. Her mother died when she waslittle more than a child, but her loss was scarcely felt; her father's love and watchful care filled so completely all vaancies that her life was for many years exceptionally calm and free 414 PROGRESS. [APRIL 5, 1879 ____________________________________________________________________________ from anxiety. A grand woman, such as Theodosia Burr, is endowed with keen perceptions; and the fact that she, who knew him well, could be- lieve so implicitly in his honor and worth, generates in my mind the idea that the Aaron Burr, who belonged to the public, who called down upon his own head all censure and little pity, was far from being wholly bad, or even partially hardened. Theodosia married Joseph Allston, of South Carolina, and the marriage was in all respects a suitable one. Her hus- band was talented and ambitious, took an active interest in the politics of his native State, and afterwards became its Governor. One child, a boy, blessed her union. Next to its mother this child was the dearest object on earth to Aaron Burr. When pecuniary misfortunes, destitu- tion even, stared him in the face he would forego a meal to purchase some amusing trifle for "Gampy," as he called the boy. "Gampy" was was his mode of saying "Grandpa," and "Gampy" he always remained until his cherished little form was laid away in the dust, some years later, when he was eleven years old. A bereavenment which was a heavy blow indeed, and from the moment of which Theodosia lan- guished; dying slowly but surely of a disease that had no name, a malady which baffled the doctor's skill, and which might be called a broken heart. She grew weaker and weaker; one enlivening hope still remained with her, the inspiring influence of her father's presence; she would go to him, rest her poor bereaved heart upon his strong, manly bosom. She waited several months at her home in the South till a suitable opportunity presented to travel northward, and then she started, by sea. She would have come over land in her own carriage, but that their coach- man was addicted to drink, and not to be trusted. The country was at war with Great Britain, and Burr could not leave his post to go and fetch his invalid daughter. So he sent a physician to attend her and superintend the embarkation. The small schooner on which her pas- sage was taken was named the "Patriot." She was well commanded, and was famous for safe-sailing qualities, and it was expected that she would make the trip from Charleston to New York in five or six days. Theodosia sailed on the last day but one of the year 1812, and then fol- lowed days of anxious, despairing waiting. Prayers, tears, hopes, availed nothing. The "Patriot" was never heard of after that bright sun- shining day she sailed from the Charleston harbor. And thus was cut off prematurely the noble life of Theodosia Burr. From her infancy she had been under her father's guidance. He held out before her his ideal of a perfect woman, and she consecrated herself to attain it. Her education was a strange one, still she profited by it. In her tenth year she was reading Horace and Terence, in the original Latin, studying the Greek grammar, speaking French, learning Gibbon, practicing music, taking lessons in dancing, and skating like a boy. An odd mixture of accomplishments. Doubtless much of her illness later in life was due to this severe training. Although mentally precocious, morally she was like other children. She had been known to tell fibs, steal half her practice hour to enjoy a game of romps, and went mad with delight over the prospect of a holiday. It was when she was in her tenth year that her father wrote to her mother in this wise: "Cursed effects of fashionable education of which both sexes are the advocates, and yours eminently the victims. If I could foresee the Theo would become a mere fashionable woman, with all the attending frivolity and vacuity of mind, adorned with whatever grace and allurement, I would earnestly pray God to take her forthwith hence. But I yet hope, by her, to con- Vince the world what neither sex appear to believe--that woman have souls." Theodosia must have reaped full reward for all her devotion when she received the letter written to her by her father, the day pre- needing the duel, in which he says: "I am indebted to you, my dearest Theodosia, for a very great portion of the happiness which I have en- joyed in this life. You have completely satisfied all that my heart and affections had hoped, or even wished. With a little more perseverance, determination, and industry, you will obtain all that my ambition, or vanity had fondly imagined. Let your son have occasion to be proud that he had a mother. Adieu, adieu. A. BURR." A new chapter in the history of this era, is the particular story of Margaret Shippen, of Philadelphia, second wife of Benedict Arnold, which I am permitted to relate from confidential documents in the pos- session of Mr. Edward Shippen, of this city, and which I will tell in a future PROGRESS. Theodosia Burr Allston and Margaret Shippen Arnold, each had a brilliant beginning and a sad ending. SOCIAL STUDY SKETCHES THE MORE MODERN DANCING. SINCE the origin of music, and when was that? Voltaire would an- swear, " Ask of the winds that are still!" Well, ever since that fabled and remote time, the desire to dance, together with the love of music, has been founded in the nature of man. These two convivialities have sought companionship from century to century, from people to people, until now one would as soon think of making an omelette without eggs or constituting a magistrate without authority, as start a dance without music. True, music may live without dancing, having an independent and peculiar charm of its own, but dancing cannot thrive without music. Any one having witnessed a lot of people tripping the light fantastic without being able to hear the music, will recall with unmistakable amusement the absurd effect of the spectacle, and acknowledge the im- possibility of separating the former from the latter. I have no intention of discussing the actual proprieties or impro- prieties of the dance. There is much to be said and much that has been said on both sides of the subject. And to those whose moral ap- petite cannot digest the moderate use of the wholesome food of pleasure, I say to them, let it alone, on the theory of "what is meat to one man, is poison to another." These matters should be regulated according to the individual. An unhealthy imagination can easily be cultivated, and as a veritable educator of what had otherwise been at least a visionary immorality, commend me to the discourse and treatises against dancing, such as the "Dance of Death", for instance. There is good in everything and evil in everything, good in the use and evil in the abuse; and if the learned divine sees the evil in waltzing, his crime in the tapping of his feet to the rhythm of sweet strains, is as evident as that of the fair debutante gliding grace- fully in unconscious innocence through the mazes of the waltz. The quick, lively air is a natural invocation to the poetry of motion; as well to one as to the other. It therefore resolves itself into this, that there is no recreation or amusement, however innocent in itself, that does not become debased when imitated by the profane and vulgar, and dancing has often, among the ancients particularly, degenerated into licentiousness. Bur so did, at different epochs, the drama, the celebra- tions of social and religious festivals, conversation, literature, and the fine arts. Shall we avoid all these things, forsooth, because of their temptations? Modern dances have nearly all of them, directly or indirectly, sprung from those peculiar to different nations of the past, and most of them from time to time, have been introduced into France, the French being par excellence, masters of the dance. They have cultivated this art to the highest perfection; hence we may infer the cause of the exceeding grace for which a Frenchwoman is so justly renowned. Even her own countrymen make this a subject of commendation, and affirm that grace is more valuable than beauty, enduring as it does, for all time, whilst beauty, that evanescent charm, soon fades and is sooner forgotten; con- scious of this advantage, the women of France spare no pains to improve their natural graces of manner, and that fund of vivacity which is so agreeable, and which they know so well how to manage with the best effect. It was a long time before the artistic Italians would yield this palm of superiority to their brothers in art, but they have finally conceded that French dancing as it exists to-day, is as near perfection as it ever can be brought. The national dance fo Italy is the Tarantella ; what a store of memories the name even revives! I have seen this dance with its picturesque groups and evolutions performed in Rome and Naples with such enthusiasm and animated gracefulness, and with such con- tinuous persistency, that it seemed as though the dancers would actually faint from fatigue; and they do fall frequently, quite overcome by their exertions. The dance is said to have derived its name from the Tarantella, a venomous spider of Sicily, the bite of which is so poison- ous that violent perspiration which forces the poison out of the body through the pores of the skin is thought to be the only means of certain expulsion. As exercise is the principal and surest mode of effecting this object, it was discovered by repeated experiments that music was the only incentive to motion, and the unhappy sufferers would under the inspiration of lively strains, leap about until extreme fatigue com- pelled them to drop; the exudation thus occasioned, seldom failing to effect a radical cure. Whether the Tarantella dance was first used as a remedy for the bite of a spider, or whether the attitudes and gestures inspired by music upon the sufferers suggested the idea of forming them into the dance, is difficult to determine, but it unquestionably owes its origin to that cause. The dancers are generally accompanied by mandolines, tamborines, and castanets. The woman coquets with her partner, the whole dance seeming to consist in alternate loving assault and lively defence, defeat or victory appearing equally desirable. We undoubtedly owe to Germany the existence of the fashionable dance of to-day, viz., the waltz, "where arm in arm two dancers are entwin'd." There are modifications and changes of steps truly, varying with the caprice of fashion, but whether the time be 2-4, 3-4, or 6-8 measure, the principal and original character of the dance is maintained, and around they whirl, leaving dull care in the track of oblivion, with the blood bounding merrily in their veins, and the smile of gladness spark- ling in their eyes. In the good old times that we hear so much about- say half a cen- turn ago- our great grandmothers and grandfathers danced at the then fashionable assemblies, the antiquated waltz and the old-fashioned quadrilles. Indeed, in some parts of the country yet, especially In the rural districts, these time-honored customs are still kept up. The quad- rille is of French origin, and derives its name from the fact of its being performed by four couples. It seems a pity that the acknowledged 416 PROGRESS [April 5,1879. gate, in rags, begging for bread, and for money to pay their debts in Spain. All was refused; the Count neither saw nor heard them. They went to the Pope, and petitioned for relief and redress. By this time the Count had got himself into prison again, on account of a shameful crime. The Pope hear the petition of the boys, and compelled Count Cenci to furnish them money, and to pay their debts. This was in 1590. In a few weeks Cenci was out of prison; and now commenced scenes within the walls of his palace, compared with which, his former base conduct was mere trifling. The action of the boys, in going to the Pope, had terribly enraged the old man. In 1593 he married again; this time with Lurcrezia Petroni, a widow of thirty-eight years. But matrimony, repeated, had no effect in taming the Counts dreadful character; as Carlyle would say, "bad went to worse, and worse to the unspeakable." Concubines and mistresses were kept in his house, in the very presence of his wife and children. Shortly two of the boys whom he had attempted to starve in Spain, and who had reported him to the Pope, were murdered, not by the Count's own hands, truly, but more than probably under his direct orders. He would not even furnish money to pay for their funerals, but exclaimed that he would thank, God, and hold a feast, were all his sons dead and buried. This much as introduction to the man whom Beatrice afterward killed. The Count's next effort, in the way of crime, was an attempt to dishonor his eldest daughter, Antonia. But Antonia also fled to the Pope for help, as had her two murdered brothers. Her petition resulted in some sort of arrangement, by which, instead of returning to her father's roof, she was married to a nobleman who was living in Florence. The Count was ordered to fit her out with a rich bridal gift, all of which embittered him the more against the remaining members of his family. Antonia was gone; and now began the first act of the sorrowful tragedy of Beatrice Cenci. She was seventeen years of age, and reported to be the fairest girl in Rome. To her the Count now turned his lustful eyes. He approached her with persuasions, then with threats. Fearing that she, too, might hasten to the Pope, as his other children had done, he locked her up in a room of his palace. No one saw her except himself. He brought her food to her cell with his own hands, and proceeded, day by day, with his propositions of shame. "Great and holy men have sprung from the illicit loves of father and daughter," he was wont to tell her. Nothing prevailed; threats, injuries, beatings, even. He was determined to bend her spirit or kill her. Three years she remained his prisoner, and then, broken-hearted and in sorrow, she called on her stepmother for advice and help. It was determined to lay the story of the whole scandal secretly before the Pope, and Beatrice's brother, Giacomo, was intrusted with the business. He made the effort, but it is not known that the written story ever reached the Pope's ears. One of his secretaries, it is believed, saw it, but it went no further, and it is too probable the Count's gold had "pigeon-holed" the girl's supplication. Her miseries continued. She was still a prisoner, and her own father was the keeper of her dungeon. Hope, at last, was lost in the hearts of the daughter and wife. Despair, and despair only, was left them. Despair feeds on desperation, and the only road out of Beatrice's misery and shame led over her father's grave. The second great act of the tragedy of Beatrice Cenci had commenced. The sister, the brother, the mother, now talked in the dark and over dark and terrible things. An awful catastrophe was approaching. - BIOGRAPHY. DAVID MILLER, OF LANCASTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Every neighborhood has its legend, its ghost, its love story, its comedy, and its tragedy. I remember as vividly as yesterday how I shot along the streets of my native town lest I might meet the spook of which my "old aunty" used to tell me; how I evaded all dark entries; how I trembled at the wax figures in the local museum; how I yelled and whistled as I passed the graveyard, and how I agonized for days over the terrible dread that I had committed a murder. When I had reached the great age of ten, I threw a stone and hit a lad as venerable as myself and he bled profusely and ran howling home. For many days he disappeared. I did not speak of my adventure—it was too dreadful a secret; but my distress was unspeakable. I did not even confess my grief and my guilt to my mentor, consoler, and champion—my mother. I made no inquiries, but miserably waited for the dreadful sequel. At last i met the martyr boy in good health, as unconscious of dying as of anger, and I was the happiest of youngsters. Each little youthful sphere is full of such events, all of them providential preparations for the surprises and revolutions of the great world beyond; and as we advance in age we recur to these childish experiences, and wonder how they had absorbed and mastered us. They live long in our memories and are useful, not only as contrasts to the larger life of later days, but as types of the processes by which we grow in wisdom as we grow in years. David Miller, however, was not a myth nor a legend, but a real man, of real qualities. He was not what might be called a fast man, and he was in no respect a bad man. I cannot better describe him than by the phrase, He was "a character." Handsome, dashing, impetuous, enthusiastic, brave, he became, like a thousand others of the same school, a sort of popular idol. No trial of strength, no horse-race, no county fair, no training, no circus, no election, no improvement, no murder case, no accident, no party or ball, in which he was not either partner, starter, spectator, participant, judge, witness, or juryman. Man, woman, and child admired, trusted, and wondered at him. Some feared his daring nature, but none hated him. He was called "Dare-devil Dave Miller" by all classes, in a district of five hundred miles. David Miller was born, December 31st, 1795, in the village of Paradise, Lancaster County, and died at Lampeter, a settlement close by, at the residence of his brother, Henry Miller, On August 31st, 1858, in his sixty-third year. A more lovely neighborhood cannot be found in the exquisite Conestoga Valley than this same Paradise Township. The short ride from Lancaster, the county-seat, is through a region that resembles the riches English landscapes, and the road to all the adjacent territory, especially in spring and summer, reveals a luxuriance of soil worthy of the descriptive powers of Scott and James. The names of some of the towns and townships have had curious derivations. Lampeter is called after a lame "witch doctor" called Peter, and patients nicknamed him Lame Peter. "Bird-in hand," another neighboring settlement, after the old adage, "A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush." Paradise, by its founder, because it was a pleasant site. The eldest of ten children, David Miller became himself the father of eight by his first wife and one by his second. His first wife was Catharine Carpenter, a daughter of Jacob Carpenter, Treasurer of the Commonwealth at the close of the last century, of whom it was written "He was a Whig in principle, a philosopher in intellect, and a patriot in practice." The Carpenters were among the earliest settlers in Lancaster County. They were of the German stock, distinct from the English Carpenters so common in Philadelphia and New England. David Miller's first wife was a woman of exceeding beauty, and when first married was inclined to gay colors and fashionable attire; but soon after, became a member of the Mennonite persuasion, and down to the day of her death dressed in their severely simple way. I recollect the contrast between her sweet and tranquil face, plain gown, and Quaker bonnet, and the sparkling air and jaunty step of her bright husband, Dare-devil Dave, with his ruffles and his diamonds. He was a true man of the world, a fierce partisan, and a fighting friend, but a fond husband and a devoted father, and particularly chivalric in his treatment of women. He removed from Paradise to Lancaster in 1827, and soon began to be conspicuous as a hotel-keeper, military organizer, horseman, politician, and general utility man. Social, original, generous to a fault, he espoused the anti-masonic cause with all his energy, and in 1833 that strange fanaticism was at its height. The master-spirit was Thaddeus Stevens, a Vermont Yankee, living and ruling in Adams County, Pennsylvania; but Lancaster and Alleghany counties were its headquarters. How strange to look back and find such names as William H. Seward, Thurlow Weed, Richard Rush, Thomas H. Burrowes, William Elder, and Thaddeus Stevens, leading a victorious party by the cry of hostility to the Masonic order, and how suggestive the oblivion of that party to-day, and the gigantic growth of the brethren of the "mystic tie." The democrats preserved their organization, and the Whigs melted into the furnace of Anti-masonry. Devil Dave Miller ran for sheriff of Lancaster County as one of two Anti-masonic candidates. He beat the Democrats, who had also two candidates, by one thousand majority, but he had a tough contest with his Anti-masonic competitor, Mr. Hugh Mehaffy. He will always be remembered for his humanity and generosity as a sheriff. He announced that rather than assist at a hanging, he would resign, and it frequently happened that he would satisfy executions on a poor man's property out of his own pocket, rather than see his house sold over his head. He made no money by this valuable office, but left it far more needy than he entered it. Some of his feats of horsemanship would seem to be impossible if they were not attested by good witnesses. Utterly insensible to fear, he drove or rode the most fire of untamed steeds, and, with his picturesque costume and handsome form and features, was for many years the Mazeppa of the turf, the country, and the town. To mount a horse, without a saddle or bridle, to clear fences at a single bound, to avoid the roads and cut across fields, to ride upstairs, or into bar-rooms, to leap his horse across a bridge and land safely twenty feet below, all without injury, save on one occasion, may not read like very exemplary performances, but they show what love for the noble animal create in a man, and that the fire and spirit of the horse often impart equal animation to his owner; and when, as in the case of David Miller, the man himself often excels in deeds of charity and generosity to his own species, we forgive the escapade, in our admiration of the pluck of the bold rider. In those days the Lancaster races were famous attractions. They were popular magnets, almost as fashionable as the great contests at the Derby and Goodwood, in England, and Longchamps, near Paris, are now. They drew great crowds do that venerable town, and led, no doubt, to many excesses. The local gentry patronized them, and guests from afar came to enjoy them. The lads and lasses poured in from the rural districts, and danced from morn till midnight to the fiddle and the tambourine, and for a week or two Lancaster was as gay as an Italian caravansera after Lent. Some of the races were hotly contested, and are still read in the racing records, as great battles are recorded in military history. The result was a breed of incomparably fine horses, and a spirited rivalry among the princes of the turf. April 5, 1879.] PROGRESS. 417 Dare-devil Miller was in his glory during these pastimes, and none mourned more sincerely when the Judge of the Quarter Sessions denounced the practice from the bench, and the Legislature put a stop to what had become a most fascinatin, but what Judge Collins declared to be a most demoralizing fashion. We have hunting-parks, and trots, and fancy drives, and agricultural shows, but the horse is no longer the contribution to the pleasure of the masses. The race does not attract the whole people as it did. Like many other things in these modern times, such as luxuries as racing are reserved for those who can buy trotters at $10,000 a piece, or pacers at rates even higher. I will not stop to answer the question whether we are any better in consequence? Nor are a people, willingly governed by rings in most of their great cities—that flock in thousands to see feeble women walking themselves ill for gate-money, and whose chief amusement is a silly comic opera—the jury to decide the question. Talking of "rings," it is states that among the first combinations of that kind was the "Board of Canal Commissioners" of Pennsylvania, followed by the Bank of the United States. The investigating committees, forty years ago, disclosed inconceivable corruption and collusion among men of both parties, in the Whig and Democratic organizations. David Miller could have told his experience in regard to the political management of the Pennsylvania Railroad. He removed from Lancaster to Philadelphia in 1836, and opened successively three great hotels in this city; on Market Street, the Western, on Fourth Street, the Indian Queen, and the other, a branch of the latter, on Chestnut Street near Fourth (afterwards kept by his brother Samuel), on the ground now occupied by the Fidelity Trust Company; but his interest in public affairs was undiminished. In 1840 the Pennsylvania Railroad belonged to the State, and was managed by three Canal Commissioners, in the selection and election of who there was as much money spent and as many intrigues carried on as in the choice of the governor of the commonwealth. Thaddeus Stevens was one of these commissioners in 1838, and he made his administration severe for the Democrats. The railroad extended from Philadelphia to Columbia, and any person had the privilege of running freight or passenger cars upon the payment of certain tolls at a fixed rate per mile. A tremeudous competition ensued; there were three competing lines, one of them, the Phœnix, owned and managed by David Miller. His rivals were rich and determined, and, above all, they had great influence with the Democratic Board of Canal Commissioners. Here again his indomitable energy and perseverance were his best capital. The distance from Lancaster to Philadelphia was seventy miles, the fare, $3.75, which was cut down during the rivalry of the companies to $1.40, less than the toll chargeed by the State. All the carriages of the several companies were drawn by one locomotive, and the agents of the rival lines were eager and vigilant in securing passengers. Their efforts and expedients are often spoken of by men who still live to remember those days. Of ocurse David Miller was unceasing in his exertions. As the train moved up to the different stations, either the indomitable General was on hand, or his conductors, and many amusing scenes took place in the struggle for passengers. Sometimes a mother was forced into one carriage, her baby into another, and her baggage into another, only to be reunited when the train got to its destination. Such an opponent as General Miller was too much for the others; the plucky hero was not to be put down. At last the road was claudestinely leased to one company. The great contest had one good effect, and to David Miller's persistence the people of Pennsylvania are indebted for an example that proved how much one bold, honest man can do to correct if not to defeat the machinations of a selfish monopoly. What a chapter could be written on the hotel-keepers of David Miller's period! He was not one of the leaders of that class. His mind was too cosmopolitan for one calling; he was too much of a rover to be tied down to one spot. But he associated with the magnates of the early country and city hotels, and with Matthew Wilson, George Nagle, and Henry Buehler, of Harrisburg, Matthew Slough, Peter Cooper, Henry Slaymaker, John Michael, of Lancaster, Joseph Head, Pope Mitchell, David Dorrance, Noah Bridges, John W. Jones, Mr.Hartwell, of Philadelphia, Charles Stetson and Paran Stevens, of New York, Beltzhoover, Barnum, Guy, and Coleman, of Baltimore, and Gadsby, of Washington, he had more or less intimacy. He was the most famous whip of his day, and whether he drove a stage, or a chariot, or a barouche, or a gig, or a sleigh, he was the meteorof the turnpike, the toast of the dinner-table, the star of the ball-room, and the favorite of sporting-men and ladies. He has left behind a good name for public spirit and private benevolence. His brother, Henry Miller, at whose house he died, August 31st, 1858, is living at Lampeter, Lancaster County, aged seventy-two, having been postmaster of that little village thirty-six years. His second wife, a daughter of Jacob Eichholtz, the noted portrait painter, is still living at Lancaster. H. W. Miller, by his second wife, and Daniel Witmer Miller and Jacob Carpernter Miller, by his first wife, are the only survivors of his nine children. His son, the last named J. Carpenter Miller, is one of the proprietors of the Critic, a Washington daily of marked ability and influence. REMINISCENCES HENRY CLAY.* *From Haphazard Personalities, by Charles Lanman. I HAVE never been a politician, but in 1844 I had a terrible attack of the Whig fever in the city of New York; it lasted for perhaps six weeks, and then it was that I cast my first and only vote in a Presidential election, and, of course, my ideal was Henry Clay. My father and grandfather had both been attached to him as personal friends, and I did not then, and never wished to be, less devoted than they were. I first saw Mr. Clay in New York, in 1835, on the occasion of one of his visits to that city, and I remember that there was not much dignity in the manner in which the enthusiastic people literally carried him over their heads from Broadway into the Astor House. I afterwards heard him speak in the Senate, visited him frequently at his hotel in Washington, and at the time of his late sickness, had the pleasure of hearing Mr. Webster, at his own table, speak of his great rival in these terms: "My. Clay is a great man; beyond all question, a true patriot. He has done much for his country. He ought long ago to have been elected President. I think, however, he was never a man of books—a hard student, but he has displayed remarkable genius. I never could imagine him sitting comfortably in his library and reading quietly out of the great books of the past. He has been too fond of the world to enjoy anything like that. He has been too fond of excitement; he has lived upon it. He has been too fond of company—not enough alone—and has had few resources within himself. Now a man who cannot, to some extent, depend upon himself for happiness, is—to my mind—one of the unfortunates. But Clay is a great man, and if he ever had animosities against me, I forgive him and forget them." If in the case of Mr.Clay I cannot recall any incident illustrative of his character, it so happens, however, that I can lay before the reader a few of his letters. The first in the order of date, and addressed to my father, in 1817, will explain itself, and is as follows: WASHINGTON CITY, 28th October, 1817. SIR: I have received the letter which you addressed to me on the 16th instant, requesting information relative to the prospects which a young man of good education would have of being employed in Kentucky as a tutor in a private family, or in the profession of law. During my residence in Kentucky I successively employed two young gentlemen as tutors in my family (one from New England and the other from New Jersey), to each of whom I gave $300 per annum and boarded him in my family. I think it probable that on similar terms, with proper recommendations, you could obtain immediate employment in Kentucky. Our system of education not being so good as that which prevails with you, gentlemen who have large families and can afford the expense, are frequently desirous of engaging private tutors. Success in the profession of the law depends upon so many circumstances that it is almost impossible to pronounce priori what degree of it will attend the exertions of any particular candidate. One may, however, safely assert with respect to the pursuit of it in Kentucky, that even a moderate share of talents, accompanied by probity, industry, patience, and economy, will be—and in a period much shorter than in older countries—rewarded with a competency and respectibility. With the qualifications suggested, I do not think it material in what part of the State a location is made. There is room anywhere, though there may be some difference as to the period in which one would realize his hopes in the several places that might present themselves. Should you determine upon the pursuit of that profession in Kentucky, or, indeed, in any part of the Western States, my advice would be that you should go out, reconnoitre, and determine for yourself. Terms of admission to the bar, with us, are upon the most easy, and liberal footing. No previous residence is required, and the license to practice what the law prescribes is usually granted after very slight examination of the applicant. Partnerships in the profession are extremely rare with us, are perhaps desirable to neither party. The business of the counsellor and attorney is not seperated as it is in New York and some other parts. I have not considered a practitioner for several years. I shall be happy, sir, if this letter may, in any manner, be useful to you, and it will give me great pleasure to communicate to you any further information, or to render you any aid in the prosecution of your object, in my power. I am your obedient servant, H. CLAY. CHARLES JAMES LANMAN, ESQ., Norwich, Connecticut. A letter which Mr. Clay wrote to my grandfather in 1820, who as a senator, had voted for the admission of Missouri as a State, is also in my possession. Mr. Clay was at that time in Kentucky, and his correspondent in Washington, and the object of the letter was to introduce the two newly elected senators from the new State of Missouri, David Barton and Thomas H. Benton, and the letter was as follows: LEXINGTON, 31st October, 1820. DEAR SIR: I am quite sure you will not consider me as trespassing too much upon the small aquaintaince which I have with you, in introducing to you Messrs. Barton and Benton, the senators from Missouri. The liberality which marked your course on that interesting question to which their State has given rise, independent of other considerations, make them anxious to know a gentleman who, considering the Constitution and the tranquillity of the Union alone, has boldly done at all hazards, what he conscientiously believed his duty. I am persuaded that you will see in the contribution of talent, of information, and of patriotism which these gentlemen will make to the national councils, additional cause of fortification to your disinterested course. I cannot but hope you will be spared the renewal of a discussion which threatened so much, and which was, I think, so happily terminated. With great respect, I am your obedient servant, H. CLAY. The Honorable JAMES LANMAN, etc. When in 1850 I first met Mr. Benton in Washington, he forthwith began to talk in very pleasant terms about my grandfather, telling me that he remembered his knee-breeches and powdered hair; that he was an admirable horseman, and daily took an airing in the saddle. With regard to Mr. Benton himself, he had a similar passion for a fine horse; and while I do not class him with such men as Mr. Clay, he had many of the characteristics of a grand old Roman senator, and was a distinguished honor to his country. His place of residence in Washington, I remember as the perfection of a home. Nor do I wonder at this when I recollect that according to a promise he made to his mother when a mere boy, he never participated in a game of chance, nor indulged in the use of tobacco and spirituous beverages. That he was, however, sometimes a little intemperate APRIL 5, 1879.] PROGRESS. 419 ______________________________________________________________________ DONNA QUIXOTE. BY JUSTIN MCCARTHY. (Copyrighted, 1878, by John W. Forney.) CHAPTER XVII - (CONTINUED.) "I CLAIM YOU AS THE SISTER OF MY SOUL." "PROOF? Look here. There's Phil Vanthorpe's likeness; see if it isn't the own brother of that picture standing over the fireplace there. Look at what's written under the little likeness, 'from Philip Vanthorpe to his beloved wife.'" Paulina, after much fumbling about her exuberant person, had produced a photograph in a handsome case, which she handed to Gabrielle, "done in New Orleans; Canal Street, New Orleans, at one of the best photographers in the city," she added. There could be no doubt that the photographed face bore a strong resemblance to that of Albert Vanthorpe, and of Mrs. Leven too. There could be no doubt that the words, "from Philip Vanthorpe to his beloved wife," were written on the lower margin of the photograph in a small hand which seemed to Gabrielle to resemble in character that of Albert Vanthorpe. "And if you have any doubts on the matter you can ask Mr. Fielding. You know Mr. Fielding?" Paulina fixed a very keen and scrutinizing gaze on Gabrielle. "Yes, I know Mr. Fielding." "Very well; he knew all about us. My husband and he were like brothers. Why he and I were more like brother and sister than anything you can imagine; it was always Paulina here and Paulina there. You can ask him all about me; he'll tell you if I am Mrs. Vanthorpe or not. Oh, it's all right enough, I'm Mrs. Vanthorpe as sure as you are Mrs. Albert." Indeed Gabrielle had no doubtof the truth of the woman's story; she felt in her own heart that it was only too true. Now she could understand Fielding's hesitation, and the promise he had exacted from her. "I have lots of poor Phil's letter and things, you know, over at the place where I'm lodging," Paulina said. "I only want to satisfy you, Gabrielle; the sooner it's done the better for me, for I want to feel as if we were sisters. I feel like a sister to you already, but I don't think you feel so to me, and I think that's unkind of you, Gabrielle." A tear or two behan to shine in the eyes of the misprized Paulina; the tears however would not be allowed to descend upon her cheeks, because the cheeks were made up for the visit, and must not be furrowed. Gabr ielle began to feel touched and to be conscience-smitten. She remembered how she had told Fielding that she did not care whether Philip Vanthorpe's wife was a woman of education or not, and now she was already acting in disregard of her own principles, or at least she was thinking in disegard of them. "How can this poor creature help it," she asked of herself, "if she has not been well brought up? She seems to have a warm heart, and my husband's brother loved her. Am I going to close my heart against her when she has no one else?" For it occurred to her, even in that moment of some confusion, that Mrs. Leven would never consent to take such a daughter-in-law to her arms. "Don't think me unkind, Paulina; pray don't. I am only a little confused; you can understand this is so new to me. If you are the widow of my husband's brother - yes I am sure your are, I don't mean to throw any doubt on that - you must be like as sister to me. You will tell me what you want done that I can do, and you will stay with me for the present. YOu know that unforutnately the mother of bboth our husbands, Mrs. Leven, has set her heart against me, and that I never see her, and she so loved me once." Gabrielle's own grievance began to moisten her eyes. "Yes, I have heard something of that. It's bad for you and for me, I suppose. I have much more of a claim on her than I have on you," the candid Paulina observed. "You can't take me to see her then? I should like to go with you ever so much; yu could say things for me better than I could say them for myself." "No, Paulina, I can't take you to her; I don't know what I can do: but you will let me think it over, won't you? I am sure some good inspiration will guide us in the end to do the right thing." "Just so," said Paulina, nodding complacently; "when we put our heads toghether we'll get at the right end of things." "And you will stay with me for the present? This house must be your home until you find one that has a better claim on you; and you must tell me all your story. Remember I know almost nothing of my husband's brother; he never allowed his mother to know anything about him." "That was because of me, I dare say. I wasn't a grand person, Gabrielle, as you can easily see; I had no merit but htat I loved the poor boy, and I supppose he didn't like his mother to have a chance of showing that she looked down upon his wife. That was his way, ou know; he had plenty of spirit, poor Phil." Whether it was art or nature that dictated to Paulina this way of putting her at ease, the appeal went straight home to the heart of Gabrielle. The thought of the woman who had loved and cared for Philip Vanthorpe, and who had been loved by him, bieng now cast off and 420 Progress April 5, 1879. Paulina's apologies for her lack of proper dinner-dress were not only superfluous, but had the i inconvenient effect of drawing attention to the fact that her get-up, such as it was, displayed a good deal of gorgeousness, and contrasted with the pre-Raphaelite dead coloring and scant ornament of Miss Elvin's attire and the extreme simplicity of Gabrielle's dress. Further, Paulina had contrived to extemporize a sort of imitation of dinner-toilette, according to her idea of its requirements, by turning in a considerable portion of the neck and front of her dress, and so managing to make a very respectable display of bust crossed and recrossed with massy chains of gold. Paulina drank a great deal of wine at dinner, and for Gabrielle and Miss Elvin, wine was rather an ornamental accessory of the dinner-table than a part of the meal. She also asked for soda-water and for a little brandy to compound with it. She had a very vigorous, healthy appetite, and her capacity for the consumption of sweets proved to be something remarkable. When Gabrielle's maid was a little slow about the opening of the soda-water, Paulina good-naturedly said, "Hand it over, my dear; I fancy I can do that better than you can," and made her boast good by proving that she could do it a great deal better. "I can open a bottle of soda or a bottle of fizz," Paulina said, with well-founded pride, "and never as much as wink." It was a trying evening for all three; but it would surely have surprised Gabrielle if she could have known that it was most of all trying to Paulina, who ate and drank with such an appearance of content and relish. Paulina had a hard struggle, many a time, to keep down her temper and not to have what she would have called a flare-out. She saw in a moment that the little, sallow girl, as she called Miss Elvin, was giving herself airs and looking down on her. And she thought, with a fierce longing for the chance, how short a time it would take her to take the conceit out of the girl. Then even Gabrielle's sweet and kindly ways sometimes aroused in her a spirit of antagonism. "Why is she any better than me, I want to know?" she mentally asked herself. "I haven't had any bringing up; if I had, I dare say I should be just as good and just as much of a lady as her." But Paulina was, for the present, playing a part, and she was determined to play it out. As she boasted to Fielding, she was quite clever enough to take on any part that might best commend her to the people she sought to please; and she thought she had hit upon the best way to "fetch" Gabrielle, as she would herself have put it. She knew that the one part she could not sustain was that of a lady. The moment she spoke to Gabrielle she saw that it would be of no use attempting any imitation of the part with her. She had thought for a moment, of doing the high tragedy ; but she fancied she saw something in Gabrielle's manner that would have made that attempt unpromising. In another moment or two her genuine natural cleverness enabled her to get at the reality of Gabrielle's character. She saw its simplicity; its generosity; its chivalry, if we may apply such a word to a woman's nature; its Quixotry. "At the age of two," she said to herself, "I wasn't as innocent as that. Lord, how could I be?" She made up her mind at once. The part of a kind-hearted, unaffected, untaught woman was the thing for Gabrielle, she felt certain. Not good-goody, but honest and good-natured. A frank confession of humble bringing up and lack of education, and an appeal to the generosity of Gabrielle not to be ashamed of her because she hadn't had a good bringing up--that, she thought, was the card to play. She played it accordingly, and she saw that things were going on very well. But there were moments when the performance came a little hard upon her. She remembered a night when she flung a woman on the floor, in New Orleans, and trampled on her. If Miss Gertrude Elvin could have known how often this pleasant recollection was passing through the mind of her companion at Gabrielle's table, and how the past triumph was re-enacted in imagination, with her for its victim, she would have found the little banquet far less agreeable even than it actually was. _________________________________ Chapter XVIII. PAULINA STOOPS TO CONQUER. The day after the arrival of the unexpected guest as Gabrielle's, Fielding--perhaps we may still describe him simply as we have always hitherto known him--was on his way to pay a visit to Paulina's hostess. One result of Gabrielle's good offices between the brothers, naturally was to place Fielding in the position of a recognized friend. The new phase of Fielding's existence was very delightful to him. He would in any case probably have enjoyed the novelty of it as he did most novelties; and would have liked the West-end London life if only as a change after the Southern States and Bolingbroke Place. But he had now one or two particular reasons for liking the change. He was greatly touched by his brother's way of receiving him, and of renewing their affection, or rather making way for an affection which before had had no chance of existence. Nothing could have been less like what Fielding might have expected than the ways of his brother towards him. If Wilberforce had discovered some entirely new and incomparable way of lighting his house, he could not have been more pleased than he was with the novelty of having a brother. He was never done talking to all the people he knew about "my brother, don't you know? -- my brother Clarkson; just come back from somewhere; splendid fellow, you positively must know him." He took Clarkson all over his town house from garret to basement, to show him all the recent improvements. He proposed to take him down to his country place presently, where there were still greater wonders to be exhibited, for the genius of practical science had to do there with gardens, grounds, and game, horses and stables, dogs and kennels, as well as with fireplaces and windows. Meantime, he hurried him down to Sydenham to show him a little place he had there quite near the Crystal Palace, and where he was trying plans for the acclimatization of various foreign shrubs and flowers. He was always telling Clarkson they must have a long talk over old times together; but the long talk never seemed likely to come off, for whenever they were alone Wilberforce had always some new device in the way of industrial science on which to consult his brother. He persisted in the assumption that a man who had been in so many foreign countries as Clarkson, must be an authority on all subjects connected with the building, furnishing, lighting, and ventilating of houses. Fielding fell into all this in his usual companionable way. He declared that he was getting ready softened and spoiled by civilization; and he persisted in retaining his old lodging in Bolingbroke Place, and in going there to pass a night when he felt inclined; but for the present at least he was a manner taken captive by his brother's kindness and good fellowship, and he liked the new life remarkably well. He was always saying to himself that such a life would never suit him, that he was made for a gypsy or a tramp; and he was always making up his mind that he must go somewhere and do something to-morrow. But meantime, he was like that son of Cato the younger, of whom the epigram set forth that he had passed we know not how many days in going to-morrow. One other novelty in which Sir Wilberforce took a manifest and undisguised delight was the society of Gabrielle. He made up his mind to go to Lady Honeybell's whenever there was a chance of her being there; and he called to see her sometimes at her own house, and talked a great deal with her whenever he had the opportunity. Fielding was generally with him on these occasions, and therefore grew to be quite an established friend of Gabrielle's. It sometimes seemed to her as if she surely must have known him for years instead of a few weeks. This particular day, however, Fielding set out to call on Gabrielle without his brother. He was anxious to speak to her about the Vanthorpe affair. He had heard or come at the knowledge of something which made him suspicious more than ever of Paulina's movements and purposes, and he thought it would be of great importance to put Gabrielle on her guard. He little suspected that at the very time when he was making his way to Gabrielle's with this object, his name was on the lips of her and the woman from whom he would if possible have kept her wide as the poles apart. If Gabrielle Vanthorpe had been dealing in unholy arts and had conjured up, to scare her friends, some abhorrent phantom she could not now exorcise and banish, she could hardly have felt more painfully responsible and self-reproachful. She thought with sickening misgivings of the part she had taken, slight as it was , in bringing up the spectre of Paulina to vex the future life of Mrs. Leven. Why did she meddle or make in the matter?" she kept asking herself. True, it was at no call of hers, and by no quest of hers, that the extraordinary Paulina presented herself. But Gabrielle had long been wishing to find some trace of Philip Vanthorpe, and had thought, not surely in any ignoble way, to find her own account in it be commending herself to his mother; and now she seemed like some unlucky creature who, by a single unhallowed wish, has summoned an unwelcome apparition that will never cease to hunt. Every hour she spent in Paulina's company more and more convinced her that it would be absolutely impossible to induce Mrs. Leven to endure such a daughter-in-law. If she could only believe Pauline to be an imposture--but there was no use in thinking of such a thing. Paulina had referred to Fielding as a witness to the truth of her story. Indeed it would be impossible to doubt it. She had told Gabrielle a hundred thins about Philip Vanthorpe's younger days and his quarrels with his mother, of which Gabrielle remember to have heard in a vague half-hushed sort of way before, and which certainly Paulina could only have heard from Vanthorpe himself. There was something uncomfortable, uncanny about the woman which made her companionship more oppressive to Gabrielle than any mere lack of education of good manners could have done. There was something sinister about her when the surface of good-heartedness was ruffled for a moment by any hint of contradiction. Gabrielle had seen her eyebrows contract and a light flash from her eyes once or twice as she looked at Miss Leven, which had alarming suggestions about it as of the cage of a wild animal or a maniac's cell. Then, where was the child? It was now well on in the afternoon of the day after her arrival, and Paulina did not appear particularly anxious about the child. The whole world seemed to have grown perplexed for Gabrielle since this ill-omened visitor came inside her threshold. Yet to her Paulina was only exuberant good-nature and gratitude. "I must do something. I must send for some one--take some one's advice," the troubled Gabrielle thought. "Major Leven? Mr. Fielding sure would be better." (To be continued in our next.) RECORD OF ADVERTISERS. SPRING FASHIONS. the Superb costumes that May be Seen at the Store of Homer, Colladay & Co. THE opening day of Messrs, homer, Colladay & Co., No 1412 and 1414 chestnut Street attracted a large attendance of ladies, who went into raptures over the rich display of Parisian costumes, and beautiful fabrics for spring wear. Beauty of the design, excellence of the workmanship and superior finish, are the characteristics of the superb costumes that may be seen, and the following description of some of the more striking dresses may prove of interest to our lady readers. One magnificent costume is composed for crape foulard Japanese design. The flounce is trimmer with two straight bands, gend'arne blue, laid on a deep side pleating. The drapery is an apron slashed at the side,,showing a panel of the same blue. The back is soft bouffant drapery, boarded with a handsome fronge, to match foulard. The corsage is a plain front, with two box pleats in the back to give fullness over the painer, faced with a plastion of Breton lace, and fold of the foulard, with velvet collar and cuff, and trimmed with buttons of an entirely new design, composed of very fine painting on porcelain, circles with cut steel beads that sparkle like diamonds. Another stylish dress is made of black silk and striped sating and velvet. The train back is trimmed with fans of the velvet stripe, the drapery back is composed of sashes arranged to from a Painier. The front of the skirt is trimmed with three 2-inch knife pleatings, drapery at sides of stiped velvet, opening almost to the waist, and bordered with very elaborate beaded fringe. the corsage is of black silk trimmed with three rows of magnificent Passementerie, outlining a vest of the velvet strip; the centre of the back is cut twenty inches longer than the basque, and is draped in, to form part of the sash on the back of the skirt. The cuffs are striped velvet, finshed with two bands of Passementerie. An exquisite mantle is of Cafe and lait cloth, brocade design. the shape ir somewhat similar to the Dolman, but is of more stylish cut. It is trimmed of very handsome passementerie and fringe. this is one of the handsomest mantles ever displayed in Philadelphia. For street wear there are Camel's hair, silk, and Sicilian; also Coataline and brocade silk with cloth back of very light texture. a very stylish mantle for young ladies is named the Gerster. OPne shown was of Camel's hair and silk. The effect is of a mantilla with a deep collar and long, square tabs in front. The mantilla is trimmed with beaded Passementerie and fringe, and the collar and tabs are scallopped and edged with a heavy silk cord finished at the top of each scallop with a crochet drop, the neck trimmings being Calais lace and salin ribbon. Handsome embroidered mantles of sieillienne and Camel's hair, jetted elaborately and trimmed with fringe and lace, are temptingly displayed. Buttons will from a very important feature on dresses this season, and they are presented in the endless variety. the handsomest styles are engraved steel, painted steel, engraved metal with jardaniere effect, turquoise, engraved and inlaid pearl. Beaded fringe and passementerie will be very much used ; also, Breton and Calais laces, in many instances fringe and lace being used on the same garment. - Evening Bulletin. We are now receiving the new SPRING PATTERNS, selected with great care from the leading manufactories of America and Europe, which in connection with the product of our own Factor, constitutes an assorment to which we respectfully invite the attention of all those desiring ARTISTIC DECORATION at a very moderate price. WILSON & FENIMORE. 350 STYLES OF CHAIRS FOR PARLORS, DINING-ROOMS, OFFICES, ETC. Specialties for Halls Sunday Schools, Colleges, etc. Also, Rattan Chairs, Rustic Chairs, Folding Chairs, etc. for Summer Residences. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. Nos 223 and 225 N. Sixth Street I. H. WISLER. WM. F. WARBURTON'S SON, FASHIONABLE HATIER, No 430 CHESTNUT STREET. SPRING FASHIONS IN GENTLEMEN'S DRESS HATS NOW READY FOR INSPECTION PATRONAGE RESPECTFULLY SOLICITED SERKYS TEA. Guaranteed to preserve and promote the beauty and freshness of youth to the ripest age. Price, 50 cts. and $1.00 per Box. Sufficient in smallest box for 25 days. Orders by letter promptly attended to addresses to Serkys Tea Company, Philadelphia, Penna. Retail Denots: 809 Arch St. and George Fryer', 1316 Chestnut Street. FENTON, THOMPSON & CO. Importers and Jobbers of SILKS & FANCY DRY GOODS, SHAWLS, WHITE GOODS, AND LINENS, No 617 chestnut and 614 Jayne Street, PHILADELPHIA. BROWNINGS MEN'S YOUTH'. BOYS', AND CHILDREN'S CLOTHING. GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING GOODS. The Public cordially invited. BROWNINGS NEW CLOTHING HOUSR, N. E. Cor. Ninth and chestnut Sts. (Opp. New Post-Office). PHILADA FRENCH PLATE GLASS DEPOT. American, French, and English Window Glass, FRENCH AND GERMAN LOOKING-GLASS PLATES, Beeded-Edge Plates, Silvered and Unsilvered (specialty) Enameled, Engraved, and Embossed Vestibule Door Plates. BENJAMIN H. SHOEMAKER, PHILADELPHIA. BUSINESS NOTICES. WHY RUN ANY RISK WITH YOUR Cough, Cold, Horseness, or indeed any Pulmonary or Bronchial Complaint, when a remedy safe, thorough, and so easily obtained as Dr. D. Jayne's Expectorant can be had? If you have contracted a sever Cold, save your lungs from the dangerous irritation and inflammation, which frequently brings about Consumption, by promptly resorting to the Expectorant; and if troubles with any Affection of the Throat, you will find this remedy equally effectual In affording relief from obstructing phlegm, and in healing the inflamed parts. RECORD OF ADVERTISERS 1079. SPRING 1079. HOMER COLLADAY & CO. HAVE RECIEVED THEIR SPRING IMPORTATION AND THEIR STOCK NOW CONTAINS ALL THE LATEST NOVELTIES OF THE SEASON IN SILKS, DRESS GOODS, MOURNING GOODS, LACES, EMBROIDERIES, HANKERCHIEFS, GLOVES, HOSIERY, &C. THEY ASLO MAKE A SPECIALTY OF LADIES' COSTUMES AND UNDERWEAR, And all orders are executed with the greatest care as to style, finish, durability, and neatness. PRICES LOW. SAMPLES SENT WHEN REQUESTED. 1412 AND 1414 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. OSCAR V. BALL, 1129 CHESTNUT STREET RATTAN CHAIRS, LOUNGES, SETTEES, ETC. REFRIGERATORS AND HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS AT LOWEST PRICES WEMPLE AND KRONHEIM Art Publishers Salesroom, 79 White Street. Factory, 536, 538 & 540 Pearl St. NEW YORK We offer Holiday, Floral, Illuminated and Pictorial Cards in large varieties, adapted for birthday, Advertising, And many other purposes. We make a specialty of most attractive Sunday-School and Day-School Reward Cards at prices which offer great inducements to Superintendents and Teachers, who are recommended to apply for our goods at their Booksellers and Stationers. In Finish and Quality our Goods are equal to the Finest Imported, and in price are lower than the best American. We shall constantly increase our varieties and shall produce many novelties. ALWAYS ASK FOR ESTERBROOK'S STEELPENS MOST POPULAR PENS IN USE ESTERBROOK & CO, FALCON PEN 048 FOR SALE BY ALL DEALERS. New York O?ffice, 26 JOHN ST. A pleasant remedy for constipation. made with selected French Prunes, cathart substances, and aromatic combined in a way to make the preparation pleasant ti the taste and certain in its effect without producing griping. BLAIR'S MEDICATED PRUNES MADE BY HENRY C. BLAIR'S SONS, Apothecaries, Walnut and Eighth Sts., Philada. CARRIAGES AND Light Road Wagons. UNEXCELLED IN DESING, CONSTRUCTION, AND FINISH. WM. D. ROGERS, Nos, 1009 and 1011 Chestnut Street, AND Thirteenth and Parish Streets. [?] Repairing carefully executed at either place, with same class of materials and labor as employed on new work. KIDNEY-WORT A Purely Vegetable Remedy. The Safest, easiest, and Best ever discovered for KIDNEY COMPAINTS, PILES, GRAVEL, CONSTIPATION, LUMBAGO, RHEUMATISM, DIABETES. A Wonderful discovery. A purely vegetable compound, not doctored with poisonous liquors, being dry - a gentle cathartic and effective tonic - sure to effectually cure some of the most common and painful diseases that baffle medical skill. those who have been cured when all other means failed justly say: "It is the greatest blessing of the age." "I believe I should not now be alive but fir it." Physicians in regular practice say: "It works like a charm and effectively." FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS. [?] If the KIDNEY-WORT cannot otherwise be readily obtained, we will mail a package, prepaid on receipt of the price , one dollar. WELLS, RICHARDSON & CO., Proprietors, Burlington, V[?]. STRAWBRIDGE & CLOTHIER are displaying the most magnificent stock of DRESS GOODS FOR SPRING ever exhibited in Philadelphia, and equal to those to be found anywhere. OUR MAIL ORDER DEPARTMENT affords to distant customers the advantages enjoyed by city residents of making their selections of this unequalled stock of the best fabrics of France, England, and America. A simple request by postal card enables a lady within reach of post-office, in any of our states or territories, to have placed before her a fair representation of our stock in any kinds of goods desired, at the lowest prices ruling that day in the United States. STRAWBRIDGE & CLOTHIER, N. W. corner Eighth and Market Streets. Spring 1879. Manufacturers' Announcement. CARPETINGS IS ALL THE NEW AND DESIRABLE STYLES JOHN & JAMES DOBSON, 809, 811, and 819 CHESNUT STREET, Have not on show the Larges and Best Selected Stock of Carpetings ever offered in the city, We have added to our already extensive establishment the building adjoining our present store, which will give us increased facility and enable us to show our goods to much better advantage to buyers. We shall continue to sell the Lowest Prices. We manufacture our goods from the best materials, which, for durability, are warranted to wear as well as any goods manufactured in this or any other country. AXMINSTERS, WILTONS, VELVETS, BODY BRUSSELS, TAPESTRY VRUSSELS, THREE-PLYS, EXTRA SUPERFINES, SUPERFINES, COTTON CHAINS, TURKISH RUGS, OIL CLOTHS, LANOLEUMS, MATTINGS, RUGS AND MATTS. SOUPS, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN. A full line now in Stock E. BRADFORD CLARKE, Broad and Chestnut. AMOS HILLBORN. SAMUEL S. ASH. AMOS HILLBORN & CO., FURNITURE, BEDDING, FEATHER, MATTRESS, BLANKET, and BED CLOTHING WEAROOMS, Nos 21 and 23 Both Tenth Street (ABOVE MARKET,) PHILADELPHIA. DREXEL & CO., BANKERS, 34 S. Third Street, DRAW BILLS OF EXCHANGE ON ENGLAND, IRELAND, FRANCE, GERMANY, AND SWITZERLAND. MAKE TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFERS ON LONDON, PARIS AND SAN FRANSCISCO Issue TRAVELLERS' and COMMERCIAL LERTTERS OF CREDIT. Available in all the Principal Cities of the World Buy and Sell Government, State, Municipal and Railroad Bonds. NEGOTIATE LOANS. Execute orders at Stock Board in London, New York, Philadelphia, and San Francisco. J. P. Reed & Co., Shipping & Commission Merchants, 135 N. WATER STREET, PHILADELPHIA. AGENTS FOR Reed, Crane & Co., Para, Brazil. Ellis Reed, City of Mexico. The New York and Brazil Express Co. THE WILLIAM CRAMP & SONS SHIP AND ENGINE BUILDING CO. PHILADELPHIA. JOHN ROACH & SON, MORGAN IRON WORKS, F cot E. 9th St., B. Y. and CHESTER Penna IRON SHIP-BULDERS, AND Manufactures of Steam Machinery OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. DESIRABLE STORE TO RENT. S. W. cor. Seventh and chestnut Streets. Possesion April 1st, 1879. APPLY, 702 Chestnut Street, Room No. 1. H. TEUBNER ART ROOM, 133 SANSOM STREET, PHILADELPHIA. Restorer of Paintings and Engravings. WORMLEY'S HOTEL, Cor. H and Fifteenth Streets, WASHINGTON, D. C. First-Class in every respect. GUY'S EUROPEAN HOTEL, Seventh and Chestnut Sts. Central and desirably located for business men. Notes for the singular excellence of its Cuisine. Bolton's Washington Hotel, Chestnut St, just above Seventh, Philadelphia. CEO. J. BOLTON, Prop'r. The only Hotel on Chestnut St. at $2.50 per day. VOLTON'S HOTEL, Harrisburg, CEO. J. Bolton, Prop'r. COAL. The undersigned have on hand a large and superior stock of Coal, selected with care for family purposes. All the slate, as far as possible, is picked our by hand and it is thoroughly screened before delivering to customers. Tons, in all cases, 2240 lbs, and prices as low as the quality and full weight will permit. The yards and agencies are all connected by telegraph. Orders delivered promptly on short notice. BINES & SHEAFF, MAIN OFFICE, 114 South Fourth Street. FLEISCHMANN'S Vienna Model Bakery, Cor. Chestnut & 15th Sts. The GENUINE Vienna Bread bears our LABEL. All others are inferior imitations. Our VIENNA ZWIEBACK is highly recommended by eminent physicians, and is an indispensable delicacy to the family table. The Cafe formerly attached to our Bakery has been removed to 914 Chestnut Street, as a Restaurant Cafe for ladies and gentlemen. Prices very moderate. Vienna Vienna Coffee Coffee Pot. Pot. Vienna Coffee Pots, ALL SIZES, IMPORTED ONLY BY JOSEPH PAGE House Furnishing Hardware, China, Glass, Cutlery, Silver Ware, and Cooking Utensils. 1002 and 1004 Arch Street, Philadelphia. THOMAS BROWN, Plumber & Gas Fitter, No. 1324 Walnut Street, Cor of Juniper St., PHILADELPHIA AGENTS WANTED For Dr. March's New Book From Dark to Dawn. Address J. C. McCURDY & Co., PHILADELPHIA, PENNA. JUST OUT Physicians and others are respectfully invited to examine my New Improved Battery. Second Hand Machines, of other makes for sale at very low prices. Orders by mail promptly executed Dr. J. GLASS, Oggice and Salesrooms 1413 Chestnut Street, Second Floor, Philadelphia. A RAVEN STANDARD. THE banner of despair floats no longer over people who suffer from kidney troubles, torpid livers, piles and diseases which doses of Kidney-Wort. For piles it works pleasantly and with healing effects. TO-DAY BEGINS THE THIRD YEAR OF THE GRAND DEPOT AS A DRY GOODS HOUSE. JOHN WANAMAKER Though its career has been so short, ot is now almost universally acknowledge to be the favorite shopping place in Philadelphia. Without pretentions in its building, only a simple structure, covering Two Acres and More of Dry Goods, it relies solely on the quality and cheapness of its goods and it own original system of business to win and hold the approval and patronage of the people. That the Grand Depot method of business is a good one is proven by its introduction in parts here and there by business houses throughout the city and country, who sometimes go so far as to copy, word for word, our forms of guarantees, bundle paper, etc. To all this we make no objection. Whatever others do we always endeavor to do something better, and the people may rely on us as ever in the advance, not only with better classes of merchandise, but in best accommodations for the people. This we are encouraged to do by the wonderful patronage bestowed on us, for which we present here our best thanks. The conspicuous improvements of the year will repay careful notice: First, - A higher grade of goods throughout the house. Second, - Better Trained Clerks. Third, - Convenience in arrangement of Stocks. Fourth, - Electric Bells to call Cash Boys avoiding all noise and confusion. This ands the saving of to customers when waiting for parcels is an unspeakable satisfaction. [?] Customers wait, on an average, not over three minutes for bundles, and sometimes on minute is sufficient. Fifth, - Every Department has been improved, particularly THE RIBBONS MILLINERY, THE GLOVES, THE SHAWLS, THE CHILDREN'S SUITS, THE DRESS GOODS, THE DRESS-MAKING, THE BOYS' CLOTHING, THE LACE AND EMBROIDERIES, THE WHITE GOODS, Sixth, - The New Departments are China and Glassware, Rugs and Matting, Housekeeping Goods, and Lunch Room, for our Customers only. Many of the other departments have been enlarged and improved. Such a collection of merchandise under one roof is a wonder to many. Visitors always welcome. There are Thirty-four Departments. The great increase of our business this year fills us with hope that the better days have come at last. Certain is it that goods of all kinds can hardly be cheaper than they are this spring of 1879. Relying upon our skill in buying goods, having the outlet to handle large quantities and this get advantages un buying determined not to be underpaid in prices or out done or outworked, confident that the people believes in us, and the advantages of such a place as the Grand Depot, where a very large business is economically managed under one rent and one organization, we believe the people will sustain us and lend us their influence to build up the Best Dry Goods House in the United States. We are ready in all Departments for the Spring Business. JOHN WANAMAKER, GRAND DEPOT, THIRTEETH STREET. March 18, 1879 Large and Varies Assortment of PLAIN AND FINE STATIONARY. BLANK BOOKS. ALSO A SUPERIOR LINE OF LEATHER GOODS AT THE LOWEST PRICES. J.E. MAGEE & CO., 808 Chestnut St., Philada. Orders by mail will receive prompt attention. [?] VISITING CARDS AND WEDDING INVITATIONS A SPECIALTY. W. H. HARRISON & BROTHER, MANUFACTURERS OF ARTISTIC GRATES AND FIREPLACES, FURNACES, RANGES, ETC., No. 1435 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. Record Of Advertisers. THE BIGELOW CARPET CO. Have been awarded the GOLD MEDAL at the Paris Exhibition. Their WILTON and Brussels Carpets are now the recognized stand- ard for Durability of Coloring, Best Quality in Fabric, and Artistic Excellence of Original De- sign. They are superior to any other goods manufactured, either domestic or imported, and are offered with a guarantee of absolute perfection. All the novelties prepared for the Spring Season now ready. JOHN F ORNE, 904 Chestnut St., Philadelphia ELEGANT DISPLAY of Boys' and Children's Suits. OUR ASSORTMENT NOT TO BE EQUALLED. A. C. YATES & CO., 626 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADA. HALE & KILBURN Mfg. Co., 48 & 50 N, Sixth St., PHILADA. SOLE MAKERS FO PATENTED SPECIALTIES "CHAMPION" FOLDING BED. ONLY Centennial Award Whole World Challenged? $30 and upwards OPEN. CLOSED. "Unique" COMMODE Odorless. Thousands in use. CHILD'S "CHARIOT" CHAIR, Makes a High-Chair and a Parlor Chariot. "Flexible" Spring Bed NEAT, CLEAN, NOISELESS, DURABLE. "PEERLESS" PORTABLE Reservoir Washstand. MADE ALSO IN DESK FORM. Simplest & Best EVER MADE. Acts like a Stationary Stand. "Cable" Spring Chair. WARRANTED. Will never break. Also Extensive Mfrs. of FINE FURNITURE, UPHOLSTERY, And All Kinds of CABINET WORK, Wholesale and Retail. MCcALLUM, CREASE & SLOAN, CARPETINGS, 1012 & 1014 Chestnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. 1206 CHESTNUT STREET. Broadbent & Phillips' ART PHOTOGRAPHERS, 1206 CHESTNUT STREET. AMERICAN LINE, FOR QUEENSTOWN AND LIVERPOOL. The only Transatlantic Line sailing under THE AMERICAN FLAG. Sailing every THURSAY from Philadelphia and Wednesday from Liverpool. STEAMSHIP "BRITISH EMPIRE' SAILS APRIL 3, 7 A. M. RED STAR LINE, FOR ANTWERP. Sailing every 12 days alternately from Philadelphia and New York, thus landing passengers, without transshipment within a few hours' ride of all the central points of interest on the Continent. "NEDERLAND" SAILS APRIL 5, 7 A. M. For rates of passage and other information apply to PETER WRIGHT & SONS, General Agts., 397 Walnut Street. INMAN LINE United States and Royal Mall Steamers, NEW YORK to QUEENSTOWN and LIVERPOOL, Every Thursday or Saturday. T???] T[???] CITY OF BERLIN, 5151 CITY OF MONTREAL, 4[?]59 CITY OF RICHMOND, 4603 CITY OF BRUSSELS, [?]77[?] CITY OF VHESTER , 4346 CITY OF NEW YORK 2[?]6[?] These magnificent steamers are among the strongest, largest and fastest on the Atlantic, and have every modern improvement, including hot and cold water and electric bells in staterooms, revolving chairs in staterooms, bath and soaking rooms, barber shops, etc. For rates of passage and other Information, apply to JOHN C. DALE Agent, 31 Broadway, N. Y. Or to G. A. FAULK, 105 S. Fourth St. Philadelphia, Pa. CUNARD LINE S. S. CO. (LIMITED.) NOTICE With the view of diminishing the changes if collision, the steamers of this line take a specified course for all seasons of the year. On the outward passage from Queenstown to New York or Boston, crossing the meridian of 50 at 43 latitude, or nothing to the north of 42 On the homeward passage, crossing the meridian of 50 at 42 or nothing to the north of 43 From New York for Liverpool or Queenstown, BOTHNIA, Wed March 12 ATLAS., Wed, March 25 ABYSSINA...........March 19 SCYTHIA, Wed., Apr. 2 Steamers marked [?] no steerage Cable passage and return tickets on favorable terms, including a special low rate for the Spring and Summer Months. Steerage tickets to and from all parts of Europe at Bowling Green, New York. CHAS. G. FRANCKLYN, Agent. PHOTOGRAPHER, RAPID A longhand-writer, with literary abilities, wants a position as correspondent, or on a literary periodical. Address "Phono," this office. PENNSYLVANIA MILITARY Academy, Chester, Pa. Session opens January 8th. Through Instruction in Civil Engineering, the Classics, and English. For circulars, apply to John Wanamaker & Co., 818 and 820 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, or to Col. Theo. Hyatt, President. COUNTRY PLACES FOR SALE Well fruitedm where there is no fever and ague. Where the soil produces the most delicious fruits and vegetables of the climate. Where the roads are of the best and smoothest running for miles among orchards, vineyards and gardens, and lined with shade trees. Where the Sanitary Laws prohibit unhealthful accumulations. Where there are no liquor saloons to tempt the weak. Where there is a little or no public debt, and taxes are trifling in comparison with other places. Where there are the best of schools. Where there are the churches of the various denominations. Where there are literary and benevolent societies, Masons, Odd Fellows and others, and a refined Society. Where invalids are universally benefitted by the water. Where a person can live in joy, a good climate and within a short distance of all the great cities and seaside resorts. Prices from $500 to $5000, terms easy, Address Charles K. Landis, Vineland, N. J. and a paper will be sent, giving full information. DREKA Fine Stationery, Engraving, Illuminating, and Die Sinking, Invitations and Visiting Cards, furnished in a superior manner, Heraldic Engraving and Painting, 1121 Chestnut Street. MATTHEWS & DICKSON LATE WITH DREKA Successors to Mason & Co. FINE STATIONARY & ENGRAVING, ILLUMINATING, DIE SINKING, STAMPING &c. &c. WEDDING, INVITATIONS, VISITING & PARTY CARDS FURNISHED IN LATEST STYLES. 1202 CHESTNUT ST. PHILA HERALDIC WORK A SPECIALTY. DAVIS & HARVEY, Auctioneers, 1212 Chestnut st., Phila Finest Gallery in the City for the Display and Sale of Painting and other Works of Art. Sales made at Residence of Families leaving the City. Eleven Years' successful Service. Eleven years ago we started the Chestnut Street Store to supply a better class of Clothing than had been made up to that time. We put our sign "The Finest Clothing," and we have not changed our plan or purpose, but from year to year we have raised the standard higher and higher. We are now just as far ahead of others as ever in the style of goods we produce, and propose to keep in the advance all the time in the character of our goods. the people have patronized us well, and we have endeavored to reciprocate by serving them well. It is not a hard matter to buy and sell clothing made by wholesale dealers in other citied, but we can serve our customers better by using our custom cutters and our excellent workmen. the difference in out prices of really fine Ready Made Clothing and Clothes made to order is very small, and, owing to the volume of work for our hands at all seasons of the year, we have advantages in prices which recur to our customers. For the spring of 1879 we excel with the best Ready-Made Clothing; nothing can be made to surpass it either in taste or fit. In our Custom Department we show over a thousand different styles of pirvr goods to be made up to measure. We will do out best for old and new Customers. In Fine Furnishing Goods our well-known taste is acknowledgedm and this year we lay ourselves out for the best season of all. JOHN WANAMAKER & CO., JOHN WANAMAKER & CO., JOHN WANAMAKER & CO., JOHN WANAMAKER & CO., JOHN WANAMAKER & CO., The Finest Clothing House, 818 AND 820 CHESTNUT STREET. 818 AND 820 CHESTNUT STREET. 818 AND 820 CHESTNUT STREET. Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.