FEINBERG/WHITMAN Box 35 Folder 4 LITERARY FILE Prose "An Engineer's Obituary" (Dec. 13, 1890). The Engineering Record. Printed copy.The Engineering Record building Record Sanitary Engineering A Journal for the Engineering Architect Contractor Mechanic & Municipal Officer Volume 23, Number 2 - Published every Saturday New York, December 13, 1890 London, December 27, 1890 Single Copies, Ten Cents - In America Subscription, $4.00 per year in advance, post paid - In America Subscription, 25$ per annum in advance, post paid - In Great Britain Entered according to an Act of Congress in the Year 1890, by Henry C. Meyer, in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D.C. Entered at the Post-office at New York, N.Y., as second-class matter. Publication offices, 277 Pearl Street, New York, P.O. Box 3037 Arnold, Constable & Co., Gents' Furnishing Goods. Imported and City-Made Neck dressings, Whit Dress Shirts, Collars and Cuffs, Pajamas and Night-Robes, Boating and Traveling-Shirts, Bath, Exercising and Steamer Robes, Dress and Driving Gloves, Umbrellas, Hosiery, Underwear. Broadway and Nineteenth Street, New York. American Photo-Engraving Co. Vanderwater St., N.Y. Make Type Metal Plates for illustrating catalogues, Books, Papers, etc. From Drawings in Pen and Ink, Pencil or Crayon, Wood or Steel Engravings, Lithographs and Photographs, same size, reduced or enlarged. See Illustrations of this Paper. SEWER FLUSH TANKS "The Rosewater Lightning Flusher" simplest construction -most positive action and quickest discharge. In use East Orange, N J ; Jacksonville, Fla.; Omaha, Neb.; Grand Island, Neb.; St. Paul, Minn,; Duluth , Minn.; Mankato, Minn.; Dallas, Tex.; etc. Sold subject to 30 days trial. Address, Address Rosewater, 422 Bee Building, Omaha, Neb. RHOADS-WILLIAMS AUTOMATIC SIPHON For Flushing Sewers Used in Chicago, Ill.; Omaha, Neb.; East Orange, N.J.; Kansas City, Mo.; Buffalo, N.Y.; Beatrice, Neb.; Pensacola, Fla.; Toronto, Ont.; Ft. Supply, I.T.; Canton, O. : Leaveworth, Kas.; Jackson, Tenn.; Memphis, Tenn.; Pueblo, Col.; Atchison, Kan.; Great Falls, Mon., etc., in thirty States and Territories. MANUFACTURED BY FLUSH TANK COMPANY Send for catalogue 169 La Salle St., CHICAGO. ESTABLISHED 1846 WM. H. OLIVER (Late Hobbs & Oliver,) Plain and Decorative Painting, Paper Hangings & Interior Decorations 62 & 64 University Place, N.Y. PROPOSALS. PROPOSALS FOR DREDGING IN BELLAMY River, New Hampshire.-Unites States Engineer Office, Portland, Maine, December 8, 1890-Sealed proposals, in triplicate, for DREDGING in BELLAMY RIVER, NEW HAMPSHIRE, will be received at this office until 3P.M. of TURESDAY, December 30, 1890, and then opened. Attention ins invited to acts of Congress approved February 26, 1885, and February 23, 1887, Vol. 23, page 332 and Vol. 24, Page 414, Statues at Large. All necessary information will be furnished by JARED A. SMITH, Lieut. Col., Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army. PROPOSALS. Proposals for Sewers. SEALED PROPOSALS WILL BE RECEIVED by the Mayor and Board of Alderman of the city of Winston, N.C. at the Mayor's office of said city, until 2 o'clock P.M. of FRI- DAY, January 2, 1891, for constructing a part of the proposed system of PIPE SEWERS for said city. Copies of general plans and specifi- cations, forms of proposals, and instructions to contractors, and any information relative thereto may be obtained from the Chairman or Engineer of the Sewerage Committee. The Committee reserves the right to reject any or all bids. J.W. ALLSPAUGH Chairman Sewerage Committee J.L. LUDLOW, Engineer PROPOSALS FOR VERTICAL PUMPS SEALED PROPOSALS WILL BE RECEIVED at the office of the Board of City Affairs, CININNATI, O., until 12 o'clock noon of De- cember 26, A.D. 1890. For four VERTICAL PUMPS of five million capacity each, in twenty-four hours. These pumps to take the place of similar size Wetherill pumps now in position, and to operate by the steam ends now in use. Each bidder is requested to examine and measure the well, and so design his work as to properly connect with the parts to be retained. Each bidder will be allowed to furnish his own plan, drawings and specifications, with guaran- tee as to date of completion, and forfeiture for failure in time. Also, will be required to give proposition on plans and specifications furnished by the Board of City Affairs. For particulars apply to Willis P. Tharp, Su- perintendent and Engineer of Cinnicinnati Water- Works. The Board of Cit Affairs reserves the right to reject any and all bids. By order of the Board of City Affairs. THOS. G. SMITH president Attest: D.W. BROWN, Clerk B. C. A. Proposals for a Bridge on Thirty-fifth Street OFFICE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS, CHICAGO December 1, 1890 SEALED PROPOSALS WILL BE RECEIVED by the city of Chicago until 11 A.M. TUESDAY December 16, 1890, for the construction and erection of a Howe truss-swing BRIDGE on Thirty-fifth Street, over the sough fork of the south branch of the Chicago River. According to plans and specifications on the file in the office of the Department of Public Works of said city. Proposals must be made out upon blanks furnished at said office, and be addressed to said department, indorsed "Proposals for Thirty- fifth Street Bridge," and be accompanied with $500 in money or a certified check for the same amount on some responsible bank doing business in the city of Chicago, and made payable to the order of the Commissioner of Public Works The Commissioner of Public Works reserves the right to reject any or all bids. No proposal will be considered unless the party offering it shall furnish evidence satisfactory to the Commissioner of Public Works of his ability, and that he has the necessary facilities, together with sufficient pecuniary resources, to fulfill the conditions of the contract and specifications, provided such contract should awarded to him. Companies or firms bidding will give the in- dividual names as well as the name of the firm With their address. W. H. PURDY, Commissioner of Public Works PROPOSALS. SEWER PIPE.ii THE ENGINEERING RECORD. DECEMBER 13 1890 THE ENGINEERING RECORD DIRECTORY AND INDEX TO ADVERTISMENTS.* Analysts, (Water.) A. R. Leeds, Ph. D.......................xx E. G. Love .....................................xx Agents—Purchasing & Forwarding. Evans, Robert...............................x ii Air Compressors. Norwalk Iron Works .................v Ingersoll-Sargeant Rock Drill Co.....................................................iv Rand Drill Co................................iv Architects. Illsley, Charles E...........................xx Architects' Supplies. Devoe, F. W. & Co.......................i Assurance Corporations. Employers' Liability Assurance Corporations, Ltd........................ Belt Dressing. Joseph Dixon Crucible Co.......... xiv Blasting Materials. Rendrock Powder Co..................... iv Bollers - Steam Abendroth & Root Mig Co........ xiv Babcock & Wilcox Co ................. xiv Blake & Williams............................ xvi Campell & Zell Co......................... xiv Dimmick & Smith Mfg. Co........ xiv Harrisburg Boiler and Mfg. Co. xiv Harrison Safety Boiler Works ... xiv Taunton Locomotive and Manufacturing Co....................... xiv Brick Chicago Anderson Pressed Brick Co......................................... xiii Hydraulic Pressed Brick Co...... xiii Jarden Brick Co............................. xiii Brick Machine Martin, Henry, Brick Machine Mfg. Co. ........................................ vii Bridges, Roofs, Etc. Albree, Chester B. ....................... v Berlin Iron Bridge Co.................. v Columbia Iron and Steel Co..... v Columbus Bridge Co.................. v Edge Moor Bridge Works .........iv Groton Bridge & Mfg. Co.......... iv Keystone Bridge Co................... v King Iron Bridge and Mfg Co.....iv Lane Bridge & Iron Works..........v Milwaukee Bridge and Iron Co. v Passaic Rolling Mill Co............. v Pencoyd Bridge and Const Co. iv Pennsylvania Steel Co................... v Phoenix Bridge Co......................... v [Pottsville?] Iron & Steel Co........ v Rochester Bridge & Iron Wks..... v Shiffler Bridge Company............... iv Smith Bridge Co............................... Sparks & Evans................................. iv Tippett & Wood .............................. iv Union Bridge Co. ............................. iv Wrought Iron Bridge Co................ iv Builders' Hardware. The Alford & Berkele Co................. x Ostrander, W. R. & Co...................... xiii Sullivan, M............................................ xiii Buildings (Iron) Berlin Iron Bridge Co.......................... v Carpenter Wendt, Chas........................................... x Catch Basins. Gardner, Campbell & Sons.............. vii Cement. Brand, Jas. .............................................. ii Dickinson Bros. & King...................... ii Fisher, Erskine W.................................. ii Fleming, Howard................................. ii Lesley & Trinkle.................................... ii Meacham & Wright............................ New York and Rosendale Cement Co.......................................... ii Norton, F. O........................................... ii Colors - Mortar. French, Samuel H. & Co...................... xiii Creosoting Works. Lehigh Valley Creosoting Co. iv Contractors' Plant. Allison, L. S.................................................... v Boston and Lockport Block Co................................................................. Carson Trench Machine........................... v Damper Regulators. Curtis Regulator Co.................................... xi Mason Regulator Co.................................. xi Dredging Contractors. Atlantic Dredging Co.................................. x Electric-Light Plant. Thomson-Houston Electric Co iii Elevators. Graves L. S & Co............................................ i Lane & Bodley Co.................................... xiv Otis Bros. & Co............................................ i Engineers' and Architects' Supplies Altender & Sons, T..................................... x Brightly, Chas. H.......................................... x Devoe & Co., F. W...................................... 1 Queen & Co.................................................. x Engineers Artingstall, S. G........................................... xx Bacot, W. S................................................... xx Baldwin, Wm. J............................................ xx Bassett, Carroll [P??lips]........................... xx Bland, J. C...................................................... xx Bouscaren, G................................................ xx Brinckerhoff, H. Waller............................. xx Brush, Chas. B.............................................. xx Clarke, Thos. C............................................ xx Collingwood, Francis................................ xx Cooley, L. E................................................... xx Croes, J. J. R.................................................. xx Davis, C. B...................................................... xx Fitzgerald, J. Leland................................... xx Fuller, E. F...................................................... xx Hering, Rudolph......................................... xx Hobby, Arthur S.......................................... xx Landreth, W. B............................................. xx Leeds, Albert................................................ xx MacLeod, John............................................ xx McClintock & Woodfall........................... xx Naegeley, John........................................... xx Owen, James................................................ xx Paine, Chas., & Sons................................. xx Rosewater & Chrysler............................... xx Shaw, Edw S.................................................. xx Stanley, H. J................................................... xx Swain, Geo. F................................................ xx Thacher, E...................................................... xx Tubbs, J. Nelson.......................................... xx Waring, Chapman & Farquhar.............. xx Waring, Geo. E............................................. xx Webster, Albert L........................................ xx iv The Engineering Record December 13 Bridges, Roofs, Iron Structures Etc. Edge Moor Bridge Work Edge Moor, Delaware. Major Block Chicago. A.B. Abbott, Pres. D. Hammond, Vice-Pres. F. M. Wyant, Sec. and Tres. E.J. Landor, Eng'r. Wrought Iron Bridge Co., Canton, Ohio Manufacturers OF Iron Bridges and Roofs. Have their work in use in twenty-seven different States, Canada and Mexico. J.W. Walker, Pres and Gen. Manager. F.L. Geist, Vice-Pres. and Treat. C.D. Marshall, Sec. Shiffler Bridge Company, Designers and Manufacturers of Steel, Iron and Combination Railroad Bridges, Iron Viaducts, Train Sheds, Girders, Roof Trusses, Iron Buildings, Etc. Office and Works: 48th Street and A.V.R.R., Pittsburg, PA Ellery Colby, Pres. Frank Conger, Vice-Pres. W.H. Fitch, Treas. B.R. Williams, Sec'y. E. A. Landon, Eng. F.H. Brinton, Sup't. Groton Bridge and Manufacturing Co., Builders Of Railroad and Highway Bridges, Girders, Viaducts, Turntables and Iron Wharves. Manufactuers of Die Forged Eye Bars and Upset Rods, Roof Trusses and General Structural Work a Specialty. Main Office and Works: Groton, N.Y. Southern Office: 646 B St., S.E., Washington, D.C. Western Office: Owosso, Mich. Sparks & Evans, Contractors, Masonry A Specialty, 436 Walnut Street, Philadephia, Pa. King Iron Bridge and Man'f'g Co., Iron and Steel Bridges Viaducts, Buildings, Etc. Office and works: Cleveland, Ohio Chicago Office: 1105 Rookery. Union Bridge Co., Offices : No; 1 Broadway, New York, 24 Hay n Building, Buffalo, N.Y., Athens, Bradford Co., Pa. 207 ft 8 in 495 ft 207 ft 8 in C.S Maurice, George S. Field, Edmund Hayes, C. Macdonald, Civil Engineers and Constructors of Iron and Steel Bridges, Viaducts, Roofs, Elevated Railroads, Marine Piers, Etc. Works: Athens, PA. A. & P. Robers & Co., Manufacturers of Pencoyd Iron Works. Wrought Iron & Open Hearth Steel, Beams, Channels, Angels, Tags, Deck, Beams, Bars, Shafting. Special Shapes for Car Ship and Bridge Builders: also for Cable Railway Construction. Rolled or Hammered Car Axles of Iron or Steel. Special attention given to High Test Iron or Steel For particular requirements. Works at Pencoyd, PA. Office 261 S. Fourth St..Phila Pencoyd Bridge & Construction Co. Designers and Manufactuers of Railroad Bridges, Roofs, Viaducts, Turntables. And all Classes of Structures Composed of Steel or Iron. C.C. Schneider, Chief Engineer. James Christie, Mechanical Engineer Philadelphia Office: 961 S. 4th Street. New York Office: 33 Broadway. Works at Pencoyd, PA. Rock Drilling and Air Compressing Machinery For Tunnels, Quarries, Mines, Railroads, And wherever Ore and Rock are to be Drilled and Blasted. Send for New Catalogue of 1889. Rand Drill Co., 23 Park Place, New York, U.S.A. The New High Explosive Rackarock, Furnished in two ingredients which are absolutely inexplosive until combined by the consumers, for which we furnish convenient means. Shipped and stored as ordinary merchandise. After combination the explosive is absolutely safe. By reason of its safety it is especially adapted to water-works constructions in crowded streets. Rendrock Powder Co., 23 Park Place, New York. Tippett and Wood Builders of Iron Bridges, Turntables. Stand Pipes Water Towers, Steam-Boilers, Digestors, Rotary Boilers, Tanks, Stacks, KC. General Contractors in Iron Work Phillipsburg, N.J..U.S.A Porter MFG. CO, Limited, Manufacturers and Builders of Tanks, Stand-Pipes, Boilers, Engines and stone Crushers Specifications Solicited. Estimates Cheerfully Given. Syracuse, N.Y. 1921, 1890 Morris, Tasker & Co., Incorp. Philadelphia, PA. Manufactuers and Contractors Water Works, Gas Works, Sugar Works, Tanks, Stand-Pipes, Blast Furnaces, Wrought-Iron Buldings, Light-Houses. All kings of Heavy Castings, Valves, Wrought-Iron Pipe and Fittings. The Great St. Clair Tunnel. Just Finished With INgersoll-Sergeant Machinery, The St. Clair Tunnel Company, Chief Engineer's Office} Hamilton, Ont., Oct. 2d, 1890 In reply to your inquiry as to the performance of the four 20'x24 New Ingersoll- Sergeant Air Compressors, furnished by you for the St. Clair Tunnel Co., I beg to say, that it has been perfectly satisfactor. They have been thoroughly tested, as they have been continuously at work night and day, Sundays included, for nearly six months. Yours truly, Joseph Hobson, Chief Engineer. Ingersoll-Sergeant Rock Drill Co., 10 Park Place, New York. H. Stanley Goowin, Press. The Lehigh Valley Walter G. Beng Supt. Cresoting Works, Works, Perth Amboy, N.J. Office, Washington Street, South of Gap, Jersey City, N.J. Lumber, Piling and Ties cresoted with Dead Oil Of Coal. TAR. Cresoted timber furnished. Capacity 400,000ft. B.M. per month. Cylinders 80 ft. Long. Direct water and rail communication. HECLA Bronze and Iron Works, Poutson & Eger, 216 adn 218 West 23d Street, Works:{ N. 11th and 3rd Sts. Brooklyn, E.D. New York City Correspondence with Architects & Builders solicited 1890 The Engineering Record. Bridges, Roofs, Iron Structures, Etc. Iron Or Steel Bridges, Girders, Buildings, Roofs. Bridge And Construction Department, Chas, E. Billin, Supt., Steelton, PA. Pennsylvania Steel Co. Chester B. Albree, Bridge Railing, Iron Stairs, Forgings. Send for Catalogue 16 to 24 Market ST., Allegheny, PA Pottsville Iron & Steel Co., Pottsville, PA Manufacturers Of Open-Hearth Steel and Iron "I" and Deck Beams, Channels, Tees, Angles, Bars, and Buckle Plates. Also Builders Of Bridges, Roofs, Viaducts, Turntables, And all kind of Constructed Work of Steel and Iron. Rochester Bridge and Iron Works, Rochester, N.Y. Designers and Builders of Wrought Irno and Steel Railroad Bridges, J.P. Alden. Roofs, Turn-tables and General Iron Work for Building The Berlin Iron Bridge Co. Chas M. Jarvis, President and Chief Engineer, Mace Moulton, Consulting Engineer, Burr K. Field, Vice-President and Treasurer Iron Bridges, Office and Works: East Berlin, Conn Iron Buildings. Send for Illustrated Catalogue Passaic Rolling Mill CO., Bridge Builders and Steel & Iron Manufacturers Rolled Beams, Channels, Angles and Tees, Roofs, Turntables, Eye-Bars, Etc. Works: Paterson, N.J. New York Office : 45 Broadway Keystone Bridge Company, Office and Works: Pittsburgh, PA. Chicago Office: Home Insurance Building. Phoenixville Bridge Works. The Phoenix Bridge Co., (Successors to Clark, Reeves & Co.,) Bridges, Viaducts, Roofs, Turn-Tables, Etc. Specialties : - Accurate workmanship ; the use of Double-Refined Iron ; no welds Phoenix Upper-chords and Posts ; the best form of Strut known All Work Done On The Premises - From Ore to Finished Bridge. Illustrated Album mailed on receipt of $3.00. David Reeves, President Adolphus Bonzano, Vice-Pres. and Chief Eng'r, William H. Reeves, General Superintendent, Frank T. Davis. Treasurer. Offices: 410 Walnut Street, Philadelphia 49 William Street, New York. Phoenixville, PA. Columbus Bridge Co., Columbus, Ohio Bridge and Structural Work In Iron and Steel. Lane Bridge and Iron Works, Office 177 La Salle St. Iron and Steel Bridges, Roofs, Girders and Structural Iron Work. Chicago, ILL. Works 57th St. And P.P.W & C KY. Air Compressors. The Norwalk Iron Works South Norwalk, Conn. Descriptive Circular sent on application. Furnace Machinery, Mine Locomotives. Stationary Engines. Fans. Wheels. Colum Pipe. Hot Blast Pipe. Mine Machinery. Structural Columns L.S. Allison, Hazleton Iron Works, Minersville Iron Works. Philadelphia Office, Drexel Building. Iron Work For Buildings. Steam Shovels. Blowing Engines. Mine Pumps. Mine Cars, Axles. Steam Pipe. Boiler Fronts Car Castins. New York Belting & Packing Co. John H. Cheever. Treas. Rubber Belt Weight - 11000 LBS. Length - 2050 FT Width 3 FEET Made By N.Y. Belting and Packing Co. 15 Park Row, New York. Oldest and Largest Manufactuers In the U. S. of Vulcanized Rubber Fabrics for Mechanical Purposes. Rubber Belting, Packing And Hose. Steam Hose A Specialty. Rubber Mats, Rubber Matting, and Stair Treads. Test Hose Salesrooms: Philadelphia, 308 Chestnut St., Boston, 52 Summer St. Chicago, 231 Lake St. Salesrooms: Grand Rapids, 4 Monroe St. Denver 1011 17th St. Minneapolis 28 South and St. St. Louis, 16 Locust St. Salesrooms: Cleveland 176 Superior St. San Francisco, 14 & 16 Main St. Detroit, 16-24 Woodward Ave. Readers will confer a favor by mentioning The Engineering Record when they communicate with advertisers The Columbia Iron and Steel Co., Of Pittsburg, PA. Manufacturers of Iron and Steel Beams, Channels, Plates, Tees, Angles and Bars, And Special Shapes for Architectural and Engineering Purposes. Address office 132 First Avenue, Pittsburg, PA. Milwaukee Bridge and Iron Works, Bridges, Roofs, Substructures, Milwaukee, Wis. Riter & Conley 55 & 56 Water Street Pittsburg, PA Manufacturers and Builders of Iron Buildings, Boilers, Oil-Tanks, Stand-Pipes, Plate-Iron Girders, Corrugated Iron, and all kinds of Heavy Plate Iron or Steel Works or Rolling Mills. Shickle, Harrison & Howard Iron Co. St. Louis, MO., U.S.A Manufacturers of Cast - Iron Pipe For Water And Gas. (Capacity 250 Tons Per Day.) Gas Holders Stand Towers for Water-Works, Flange pipe, Pump connections, Flexible Joints for use under water, and all other Wrought and Cast-Iron Work required for Gas and Water-Works. Will erect Gas Holders and Stand Towers in any part of the United States, Canada, and Mexico G.A. Porter, Pres. A.C. Soper, Vice-Pres. C.C. Ames, Sec. and Treas. Porter Boiler MFG. CO., Chicago, Ill., Builders Of Stand-Pipes, Boilers, Tanks, Etc. Works: South Chicago, ILL Office: 953 Rookery Trench Machines to let for Digging and Back-Filling Sewer and large Water Trenches 21 Hamilton St., Carson Trench Machine Co. Cor. Franklin St. Boston. Every Subscriber should have one of our Binders to preserve the copies of The Engineering Record for future reference. Price, $1.00. Postage paid. vi THE ENGINEERING RECORD. DECEMBER 13 LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO., 938 to 954 River Street, and 67 to 83 Vail Avenue, TROY, N. Y. Valves 1/2 to 48 inch, for Gas, Water, Oil, and Steam FIRE-HYDRANTS. Send for Catalogue Dean Bros. Steam Pup Works, INDIANAPOLIS, IND. SINGLE & DUPLEX PUMPS. HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL PUMPS. Best Design & Workmanship. PRICES REDUCED Send for Catalogue. HOLYOKE. WHAT THEY SAY ABOUT IT.-"We have 80 of your Hydrants in use and prefer them to any other kind we have tried. We have had no trouble with them of any kind and consider their principal advantage to be :- 1st. A large and unobstructed water-way. 2d. The ease with which they can be opened even under our heaviest pressure of 115 lbs. per square inch. 3d. The fact that we have never known one of them to freeze or need any repairs whatever."-CHIEF ENGINEER, FALL RIVER WATER WORKS. Holyoke Hydrant and Iron Works, HOLYOKE, MASS. Valves and Hydrants, STEAM, GAS, AND WATER-WORKS SUPPLIES. Galvin, Brass, and Iron Works, DETROIT, MICH. Branch Office: 152 & 154 Lake St., Chicago. Send for Catalogues. KNOWLES Steam Pump Works. 93 LIBERTY ST., N. Y. 113 FEDERAL ST., BOSTON. DUPLEX PUMPS FOR HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS A SPECIALTY. Improved Pumping Machinery for Every Class of Work. PEET VALVE CO., Manufacturers of Patent DOUBLE GATE-VALVES (1/4 to 36 in.) FOR STEAM, WATER, GAS, Etc., Etc., Etc. 163 ALBANY STREET Boston, Mass. THE REMARKABLE SUCCESS OF THE Gaskill High Duty Crank and Fly-Wheel PUMPING ENGINE Is demonstrated by the fact that it has been before the public only 5 years, and there are over 100 of them in use and under construction, the total daily capacity of which is over 450,000,000 Gallons. HOLLY M'F'G CO., SEND FOR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. LOCKPORT, N. Y. THE GORDON STEAM PUMP CO. have made about 900 Different Combinations in Pumping Machinery, contemplating every kind of service-for pumping Water, Sewage, Oil, Tar, White Lead, Beer, Mash, Ammonia, etc. Correspondence is solicited, and an Illustrated Catalogue will be sent on request. WORKS AND MAIN OFFICE : HAMILTON, OHIO, U. S. A. BRANCH OFFICES : NEW YORK, 08 Liberty St. PHILADELPHIA, 705 Arch St. CHICAGO, Phoenix Building. PITTSBURG, 410 Lewis Block. ST. LOUIS, 703 Market St. THE BUFFALO STEAM PUMP CO. BUFFALO, N.Y. MANUFACTURERS OF STEAM PUMPS FOR ALL DUTIES. CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING CO., BOSTON, MASS, MANUFACTURERS OF VALVES AND GATES FOR WATER, GAS, STEAM, OIL, AMMONIA, ACID, ETC. POST AND FLUSH GATE FIRE HYDRANTS. GENERAL OFFICE AND WORKS: INDIAN ORCHARD, (SPRINGFIELD,) MASS. CHICAGO OFFICES: 94 W. LAKE ST. TREASURER'S OFFICE : 72 KILEY ST., (MASON BUILDING,) BOSTON THE "DEANE" STEAM-PUMPS, Either Single or Duplex Patterns. For all duties. FOR ELEVATOR SERVICE, FOR TANK SERVICE, FOR FIRE SERVICE, FOR BOILER FEEDING, FOR WATER-WORKS, ETC. DEANE STEAM-PUMP CO., HOLYOKE, MASS. NEW YORK, 77 Cortlandt St. CHICAGO, 226 and 228 Lake St. BOSTON, 54 Oliver St. DENVER, COL., 1710 Blake St. PHILADELPHIA, 49 North 7th St. ST. LOUIS, 9 S. 4th St. Send for New Illustrated Catalogue, No. 55. READERS will confer a favor by mentioning THE ENGINEERING RECORD when they communicate with advertisers. THE WORTHINGTON IMPROVED PATTERN WATER METER SIMPLE IN CONSTRUCTION POSITIVE IN ACTION ACCURATE IN REGISTRATION This machine measures with great accuracy the quantity of water or other fluid passing through it. It has been closely and fully tested during the past thirty years by the principal water-works companies throughout the United States and Canada. The Worthington is the only water meter which has been subjected to the test of practical service during a long period of time. In New York City there are now in use Worthington Meters that have been running continuously for more than twenty years, and during that time have required no repairs. A Descriptive Circular and Price List will be Furnished on Application to HENRY R. WORTHINGTON 86 AND 88 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK BRANCH OFFICES : BOSTON PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO BRANCH OFFICES: ST. LOUIS ST. PAUL SAN FRANCISCO 1890 THE ENGINEERING RECORD. vii McMAHAN, PORTER & CO., (Incorporated March 29, 1882.) NEW CUMBERLAND, W. VA. MANUFACTURERS OF SEWER PIPE AND PAVING BRICK, FIRE BRICK AND TERRA COTTA. ESTABLISHED 1844. MONTAGUE & COMPANY, MANUFACTURERS FIRE BRICK, SEWER PIPE, DOUBLE STRENGTH RAILROAD CULVERT PIPE. CHATTANOOGA, TENN. F. H. COLMAN, President. PERCY C. HAMILTON, Sec'y and Treas. THE UNITED STATES FIRE CLAY CO. THE OHIO SEWER PIPE CO. PITTSBURGH, PA. MINES AND WORKS : COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. Steam Pressed VITRIFIED SALT GLAZED SEWER PIPE. Manufacturers of DOUBLE STRENGTH CULVERT PIPE, WATER PIPE, VITRIFIED PAVING BRICK, Fire Proofing, Fire Brick, Fire Clay, and all Fire Clay Products. ANNUAL CAPACITY : 6,500 CARS Branch Offices : Charles H. Colman & Co., 145 Broadway, N. Y.: The Colman-Hamilton Co., Toronto, Ont. GREAT WESTERN FIRE CLAY CO., Toronto, Jefferson County, Ohio. SALT GLAZED VITRIFIED SEWER PIPE AND ALL TERRA COTTA GOODS. MANUFACTURERS OF Vitrified Salt Glazed Sewer Pipe. Special attention given to the manufacture of Pipe for Water Conduits. We make a Special Pipe for this purpose. Estimates and any other information cheerfully given. Satisfaction guaranteed. Correspondence solicited Flue Linings, Chimney Tops, Fire Brick, and All Fire Clay Products. ANNUAL CAPACITY : 2,000 CAR LOADS. Buffalo Branch : { W. F. DUNSPAUGH, Resident Partner and Manager, Court and Franklin Streets. New York Branch : GEO. B. ROBBINS, 3d Ave. and 136th Street, New York. Ohio River Vitrified Sewer-Pipe. ANDERSON BROS SEWER PIPE AND TERRA COTTA FLUE LININGS AND TERRA COTTA. ANDERSON BROTHERS, Send for illustrated catalogue. Anderson, Hancock Co., W. Va. KANSAS CITY SEWER PIPE CO., KANSAS CITY, MO MANUFACTURERS OF Double Strength CULVERT PIPE with Improved Sockets. THE MILWAUKEE CATCH BASIN, MADE BY GARDINER, CAMPBELL & SONS, MILWAUKEE, WIS. Send for Prices and Particulars, VALVES for WATER GATES from 3 INCHES TO 12 FEET. JNO. FRANCY'S SONS & CO., Sewer-Pipe and Fire-Proofing. Toronto, Jefferson County, Ohio. NEW YORK OFFICE, 602 W. 51st STREET. ESTABLISHED 1848.-INCORPORATED 1859. CHAS. ANNESS, FREDERICK F. ANNESS, ROBERT W. LYLE. President. Tres. & Gen'l Manager. V. Prest. & Sec'y. The Anness & Lyle Man'f'g Co., WOODBRIDGE, N. J. MANUFACTERERS OF Vitrified Salt Glazed Sewer Pipe, WALL COPING AND FLUE LININGS, FIRE BRICK OF ALL SHAPES AND SIZES, Speckled, Buff and all shades of Ornamental Building Brick. ALSO MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF FIRE CLAY, FIRE SAND, KAOLIN, SAGGER CLAY, ETC. FIRE MORTAR IN BARRELS OR BULK. Output per day 1 3/4 miles Sewer Pipe and 30,000 Fire Brick. Send for Our Illustrated Catalogue. EMPIRE FIRE CLAY CO., EMPIRE, OHIO, Manufacturers of SEWER and DRAIN PIPE, Fire Brick, Fire Clay Stove Pipe, Flue Linings, Fire Proofing, Terra Cotta, etc., etc. W.S. DICKEY CLAY MANUFACTURING CO., VITRIFIED SEWER AND CULVERT PIPE, KANSAS CITY, MO. TRENTON TERRA-COTTA CO., TRENTON N. J. MANUFACTURERS OF FIRE-BRICK, STEAM-PRESSED POTTERY SAGGERS, VITRIFIED SALTY-GLAZED SEWER-PIPE, TERRA-COTTA CHIMNEY TOPS, VASES, ETC., ETC Send for Illustrated Catalogue and Prices. Delaware Terra-Cotta Co. DELAWARE TERRA-COTTA CO. Salt-Glazed Sewer Pipe, Flue Linings, Fire-Brick. Works: WILMINGTON, DELAWARE. PHILADELPHIA OFFICE : 244 North 7th St. Send for Price List. Mention this paper. The Henry Martin Brick Machine Mfg. Co. (INCORPORATED). Manufacturers of the latest Send for circular. IMPROVED BRICK MACHINERY Office, 201 NORTH DUKE ST., LANCASTER, PA. For both STEAM and HORSE POWER. PEA SHORE BRICK AND TERRA COTTA WORKS Office, AUGUSTUS REEVE, PROPRIETOR 31 MARKET ST. CAMDEN, N.J. MANUFACTURER of VITRIFIED SEWER PIPE RED BRICK, FIRE BRICK, CHIMNEY TOPS, VASES, FLUE PIPE, AND FARM DRAIN TILE STALEY (Cady) and PIERSON (Geo. S.) THE SEPARATE SYSTEM OF SEWERAGE. Its Theory and Construction, III. 8vo cl. N. Y., 1886.........................................$2.50 ADDRESS, BOOK DEPARTMENT, THE ENGINEERING RECORD, 277 PEARL STREET, NEW YORK AN INDEX TO MATTER PERTAINING TO Sewerage and Sewage Disposal IN VOLUMES V-XVII. (December 1881-June 1888.) OF THE ENGINEERING RECORD, (PRIOR TO 1887, THE SANITARY ENGINEER.) Compiled by DANA C. BARBER, C. E. Large 800., Cloth, $2.00. Address, Book Department, THE ENGINEERING RECORD, Send post-paid on receipt of price. 277 PEARL STREET, N. Y. SHONE HYDRO-PNEUMATIC SEWERAGE AND WATER SUPPLY COMPANY, 72 COMMERCE BUILDING, CHICAGO, ILL. ENGINEERS AND CONTRACTORS FOR SEWERAGE WORKS UPON THE SHONE SYSTEM. DESCRIPTIVE PAMPHLET MAILED UPON APPLICATION.viii THE ENGINEERING RECORD. December 13 Water-Works Supplies WATER-METERS AND FILTERS. The Shedd Water -Meter (Bi-Lore) Devised by J. HERBERT SHEDD M. Am. Sor. C.E. APPROVED BY THE BOSTON METER-TESTING COMMISSION. Made by FALES and JENKS MACHINE CO. Pawtucket, R.I. Address, SHEDD WATER-METER CO. PROVIDENCE R. I. THE AMERICAN FILTER IS WITHOUT A RIVAL IN EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMY OF OPERATION RESULTS GUARANTEED. Orders for filtering boiler feed-water increasing daily. Has been adopted for water supplies during the last year by TEN LARGE CITIES. PLANS AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED AMERICAN FILTER COMPANY, 551,553,535 "The Rookery." Chicago, ILL THE CITY OF DETROIT Testifies as follows: "We are very much pleased with the THOMSON METER, as they give us less trouble than any other we have in use." Not only the Best but the Cheapest. Address, THOMSON METER CO., 212 TEMPLE COURT NEW YORK 82,000 WATER METERS MADE AND SOLD BY NATIONAL METER COMPANY, 252 BROADWAY, NEW YORK DEC. 1890 --- JOHN C KELLEY, Pres. The following facts and figures are taken from the Reports, as published, from the "office of the Department of Public Works, City Hall, Providence, R. I." NUMBER OF WATER METERS IN USE. Year ending March 31, 1988 Year ending March 31, 1990 Ball and Pits Piston... 3,742 3,789, Increase... 47 "" "" Rotary... 61 58, Decrease... 3 CROWN... 3,801 4,925, Increase... 1,124 Pales, Jenkins & Sons... 27 6, Decrease... 21 Worthington... 62 29, Decrease... 33 Total... 7,693 8,807... Total increase of Meters... 1114 for 2 years. "" "" CROWN Meters... 1124 "" "" "" Meters Bought... 1,171 Meters Removed... _57_ Total Increase... 1,114 or 14 [(?)]% Actual number of Taps to March 31, 1888... 13,097 "" " "" 1890... _14,305_ 1,208, Increase 9% Percentage of Taps metered, 1800... 61 [(?)]%. "additional Taps metered... 92%. AVERAGE DAILY CONSUMPTION Consumption. | Water Receipts. For 1897... 4,939,982 gallons. | For 1887... $339,513.60 For 1889... 5,786,961 gallons. | For 1889... _377,497.60_ Increase....... 846,979 gallons. | Increase....... $37,984.00 PRICE OF WATER Providence, R. I., received for all water for year 1887, at the rate of $188.41 per million gallons For year 1889 at the rate of $178.74 per million gallons. This City in 1888 a reduction in rates to large users. Number of Meters in use, 1888... 7,693 " " "1890... 8,807. " This increase is paid by actual users. While in other Cities (Rochester included), there is a frontage tax, etc." TAKEN FROM ANNUAL REPORTS. Philadelphia, Pa., received for all water for year| Richmond, Va., received for all water for year 1887, at the rate of $62.61 per million gallons.|1888, at the rate of $28.24 per million gallons. Number of Meters in use, 1887..........289 |Number of Meters in use, 1888... 85. Fall River, Mass. received for all water, year |New York, N.Y., received for all water for the 1889, $177.85 per million gallons. |year 1887, at the rate of $66.21 per million gallons. Number of Meters in use, 1880........... 3,421 | (Supply estimated.) Lowell, Mass., received for all water for the | Number of Meters in use, 1887... 16,552. year 1880, at the rate of $111.84 per million gallons.|" " " March 31, 1890... 20,348. Number of Meters in use, 1889.......... 1,757. |Lawrence, Mass, received for all water, year Buffalo, N.Y., received for all water for year |1889, $84.57 per million gallons. 1888, $31.83 per million gallons. For year 1889, | Number of Meters in use, 1897... 1,213. $33.00 per million gallons. |Troy, N.Y., received for all water for year 1889, Number of Meters in use, 1888..............87. |at the rate of $29.95 per million gallons. " " " 1889............... 115. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PRINTING Estimates for printing Pamphlets, Catalogues, Society Reports, Etc., of every description, furnished by THE ENGINEERING PRESS 277 Pearl Street, New York. GAS AND WATER PIPE, SPECIAL CASTINGS, Etc. SPIRAL WELD STEEL PRESSURE TUBES HAMMER WELDED [(Image)] Flanges and Hubs and Spigots to the Regular Standards. STRONG---LIGHT---CHEAP [(?)]" Couplings for all uses. THE SPIRAL WELD TUBE CO., 43 John St., N. Y. [(Image)] "PANCOAST&ROGERS" Manufacturers' Agents for CAST-IRON WATER AND GAS PIPES, SPECIAL CASTINGS Dealers in Supplies of Every Description GENERAL AGENTS FOR READING IRON COMPANY, Wrought-Iron Pipe, Boiler Tubes, Artesian and Oil-Well Tubing, Casing, List-Pipe, etc., Special Work of every kind in Wrought Iron. Malleable and Gray Iron Fittings for Gas,Steam and Water. Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co. Valves and Gates for Gas, Steam, Water, Oil, [(?)]., 1/2* to 48* diameter. Fire-Hydrants. OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE: 28 PLATT & GOLD STREETS, NEW YORK. WATER-METERS AND FILTERS [(Image)] 13,000 HERSEY METERS SOLD TO SEPTEMBER 1ST Hersey Manufacturing Co., So. Boston, Mass. [(Image)] WATER PRESSURE REGULATOR Automatic and Simple in Action. The Valve opens and closes gradually, prevent- ing all water Hammer. All Sizes, from one to sixteen inches. SEND FOR PRICES. UNION WATER METER CO., WORCESTER, MASS. WATER-WORKS DIAGRAMS A COLLECTION OF DIAGRAMS Representing the General Plan of TWENTY-SIX DIFFERENT WATER-WORKS, Contributed by Members of the NEW ENGLAND WATER-WORKS ASSOCIATION, And Compiled by a Committee Sent Pust-Paid on Receipt of $2.00. ADDRESS, BOOK DEPARTMENT. THE ENGINEERING RECORD, 277 PEARL STREET, NEW YORK. Obtainable at London Office, 92 Fleet Street, London, Eng. Price IO5. 1890 THE ENGINEERING RECORD ix Water-Works, Gas-Works, and Engineering Supplies. GAS AND WATER PIPE, SPECIAL CASTINGS, HYDRANTS, Etc. M. J. DRUMMOND, [(Image)] "CAST IRON GAS & WATER PIPE" Builders Iron Foundry GLOBE SPECIALS Office, 192 Broadway, New York O.M. Burke, Pres. & Treas. G. B. Thomas, Sec. C. E. Burke, Vice-Pres & Supt. LAKE SHORE FOUNDRY Manufacturers of all sizes of [(Image)] "CASTIRONGAS&WATERPIPE" Branch Castings, Car-Wheels, Locomotive, Car, Bridge and General Castings. CLEVELAND, OHIO. JAMES McMILLAN, President. HUGH McMILLAN, Vic-Pres't and Gen'l Manager. W.C. McMILLAN, See'y and Treas. J. J. WHITING, Superintendent. Detroit Pipe and Foundry Co., DETROIT, MICHIGAN, Manufacturers of CAST-IRON PIPE FOR WATER AND GAS, All sizes Flanged-Pipe from 2 to 42 inches. Also, General Foundry Work. OFFICE NO. 1, NEWBERRY AND McMILLAN BUILDING. A. C, OVERHOLT, Chairman. J. W. RUTH, Treas. JAS. D. HILL, Sec' NATIONAL FOUNDRY AND PIPE WORKS, (Limited). MANUFACTURERS OF [(Image)] "WATER & GAS PIPES" FLANGE PIPE, BRANCHES, AND SPECIAL CASTINGS. Pittsburg, Pa. Officer: 403 and Lewis Block. SCOTTDALE, PA. SAMUEL R. SHIPLEY, Pres. HENRY B. CHEW Tres. James P. MICHELLOS, Sec. WILLIAM SEXTON, Supt. [(Image)] GLOUCESTER IRON WORKS. CAST-IRON GAS AND WATER PIEP, VALVES AND HYDRANTS. OFFICIAL 401 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. PROVIDENT BUILDING, Rooms 793 and 704 R. D. WOOD & CO., ENGINEERS, IRON FOUNDERS, AND MACHINISTS, No. 400 CHESTNUT STREET, FOUNDERS AND WORKS: MILLVILLE, FLORENCE AND CAMDEN, NEW JERSEY PHILADELPHIA, PA. MANUFACTURERS OF [(Image)] "CASTIRON PIPE" OF ALL SIZES AND DESCRIPTIONS, HEAVY LOAM CASTINGS, GAS HOLDERS and GAS MACHINERY, FREEMAN'D VALVE INDICATOR POSTS. MATHEWS' SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALVE FIRE HYDRANTS EDDY VALVES, LAMP-POSTS, MACHINE CASTINGS, HYDRAULIC LIFTS, CRANES, CYLINDERS, PRESSES SEND FOR CIRCULAR THE MICHIGAN PIPE COMPANY, BAY CITY MICH. MANUFACTURERS OF IMPROVED WYCKOFF PIPE [(Image)] and WATER WORKS BUILDERS. Estimates made on all kinds of pipe work for WATER WORKS, RAILROADS, DISTILLERIES. MINES, MINERAL WATERS, Etc. STEAM PIPE CASING AND WIRE CONDUITS THE JACKSON & WOODIN MAN'F'G CO., [(image)] "WATER&GAS PIPES" C. R. WOODIN. President. C. H. ZEHNDER. Vice-Prest and Gen. Man. WM. F. LOWRY. Treasurer. FRED KH. FATON, Secretary. H. F. GLENN, Gen'l Superintendent. BERWICK, Columbia Co., Pa. FREIGHT CARS, CAR* WHEELS, BAR IRON Special Castings. G. E. Downing, Pres. James Bowron, Vice-Pres. W. R Townsend, Sec, SOUTH PITTSBURG PIPE WORKS, SOUTH PITTSBURG, TENN., Manufacturers of [(Image)] "CASTIRONCAS&WATERPIPE" Warren Wood & Co., 115 Broadway, N. Y., Eastern Agents. CHATTANOOGA FOUNDRY AND PIPE WORKS. Successors to D. Giles & Co., Chattanooga, Tenn. Manufacturers of [(Image)] "CASTIRONCAS&WATERPIPE" All Castings and Patterns of every description made to order. THE ADDYSTON PIPE AND STEEL CO. CINCINNATI, OHIO. PROPRIETORS OF THE BUSINESS AND WORKS FORMERLY OPERATED BY The Cincinnati and Newport Iron and Pipe Co. MATTHEY ADDY, President W. P. ANDERSON, Vice-President B. F. HAUGHTON, Secretary. C. H. DOMHOFF, Treasurer W. I. DAVIS, Contracting Agt. [(Image)] ----- WORKS: ADDYSTON, O. NEWPORT, KY ----- CAST IRON PIPE FOR WATER, GAS, RAILROAD AND TURNPIKE CULVERTS AND SEWERS BRANCH CASTINGS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS. HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS. MACHINE CASTINGS and FLANGE PIPE. Glove Special Castings FOR WATER-WORKS (Patented.) [(Image)] SOLD BY THE PIECE. EXACT COST MAY BE KNOWN. NO GUESS- WORK IN ESTIMATES, SEND FOR CATALOGUE. Builders Iron Foundry, PROVIDENCE, R. I. M. J. DRUMMOND, Sales Agent, 193 Broadway, New York City. [(Image)] "OHIO PIPE Co. COLUMBUS, OHIO." DENNIS LONG & COMPANY, LOUISVILLE, KY. Manufacture Exclusively all Sizes CAST-IRON Water and Gas Pipe AND SPECIAL CASTINGS WARREN FOUNDRY AND MACHINE CO., ESTABLISHED 1836. Works at PHILLIPSBURG, N. J. New York Office, 160 BROADWAY. CAST-IRON WATER AND GAS PIPE, From Three to Forty-eight Inches Diameter. Also, all sizes of Flange Pipe for Sugar House and Mine Work. Branches, Bends, Retorts, Etc. GEORGE ORMROD, Mgr. and Treas., Emaus, Pa. JOHN DONALSON, Pres., 136 S. Fourth St., Phila. Pa. EMAUS PIPE FOUNDRY [(Image)] "CAST IRON GAS & WATER PIPE" DONALDSON IRON CO., MANUFACTURERS OF CAST IRON PIPE AND SPECIAL CASTINGS FOR WATER AND GAS. EMAUS, LEHIGH CO., PA. ALL PIPES CAST VERTICALLY MELLERT FOUNDRY AND MACHINE COMPANY, Limited, READING, PA. CAST IRON PIPE, BELL AND SPIGOT OR FLANGED. For WATER AND GAS, ALSO SEWERS, CULVERTS AND DRAINS WITH FITTINGS. Fire Hydrants, Stop Valves, Lamp Posts, Canada Turbines, etc. JOHN FOX, Selling Agent, 160 Broadway, New York. THE McNEAL PIPE and FOUNDRY COMPANY, [(Image)] A. H. McNEAL., Pres., BURLINGTON, N. J THEO. STURGES. Treas., New York. Manufacturers of CAST - IRON PIPE For Water and Gas, LARGE CYLINDERS AND HEAVY CASTINGS. GENERAL FOUNDRY WORK. New York Office. No. 32 WALL STREET. Office and Works at BURLINGTON, NEW JERSEYTHE PROPOSED PENNSYLVANIA SHIP CANAL. The committee of Civil Engineers appointed by the Governor of Pennsylvania, to report on the cost, etc., of a canal between Lake Erie and Pittsburg, to accommodate the largest steamers which ply on the lake, have finished their surveys, and, as stated by the American Manufacturer, have decided to report in favor of a route from Erie to Beaver, on the Ohio River, some 30 miles below Pittsburg. This route will be 112 miles long, with a total lockage of 730 feet, to be overcome by 39 locks, and its estimated cost, with 14 feet of water in the locks, is $25,000,000. This canal is projected primarily in the interest of Western Pennsylvanian coal and iron industries. The shipments of coal to Lake Erie ports for this year from Pittsburg and the line of the canal are estimated at 1,750,000 tons, and a reasonable estimate for the return cargoes of iron ore is said to be 3,000,000 tons. The saving on this tonnage over railroad freights is estimated at $2,500,000; besides which, a vessel would pass through the canal in one day as against three days, which are sometimes now required for heavy freight between Cleveland or Ashtabula and Pittsburg. The canal would probably have some influence on the traffic of the State canals, as the distance between Buffalo and Erie is about 80 miles, a distance which could probably be safely traversed by either canal boats or the deeper draught river steamers four or five days out of the week, from the opening of Lake Erie until the middle of July; bu boats intended for a mixed lake and river freighting business between Buffalo and points on the tributaries of the Mississippi would be undoubtedly be built, which would be available through the entire season of navigation. The Census Bureau estimates the average distances the above-mentioned lake borne tonnage was carried at 566 miles, giving 15,518,359,336 ton miles, and the freight movement on all the railroads of the country during the census year amounted to 68,727,223,146 ton miles, which was carried at a cost of 9.22 mils per ton mile; but the freight charges by the use of water transportation on the lakes was, in one year, $119,801,734. A great deal of this saving is undeniably due to the deepening of the channel between Lakes Huron and Erie, and the enlargement of the Government lock at the "Soo," as the carrying capacity of a boat increases with the cube of the depth, unless the length and width is restricted. In view of this fact, we think it will be a grave mistake to build to locks of the proposed canal with only 14 feet of water on their miter sills. Every one knows that "a narrow gauge frenzy" is apt to seize legislators when making appropriations for public improvements: witness the impairment of somewhat over a thousand miles of navigation on the Tennessee River by locks that will only pass boats drawing 5 feet of water; and the enlargement of the St. Lawrence canals by the Canadian Government to the depth of 14 feet, when 25 miles of canal on the American side of the Falls would extend a 20 navigation to the St. Lawrence. But in spite of this tendency in our legislators it would be far better for the engineers to borrow a leaf from the German practice in the improvement of the Main below Frankfort, and make the locks of sufficient depth to accommodate future probable traffic, and have the prism of the canal shallow, if it is necessary to practice economy at present. TORONTO STREET RAILWAY SYSTEM. In another column of this issue are given the terms adopted by the City Council for the sale of, and right to operate street railways in Toronto, Canada, which are much in line with THE ENGINEERING RECORD'S recommendations in last week's editorial on "City Pavements and Street Railroads." The city proposes to sell, with the exception of a single railway, all existing railways, and the exclusive right (with the exception named) to build and operate street railways for a term of 20 years, retaining the privilege of resuming possession of all the property, both real and personal, at the end of the period, at a valuation to be determined by arbitration, not allowing anything for the value of the franchise. The company of corporation purchasing this property will be required to pay to the city, in addition to some percentage of the gross receipts, a stated amount annually per mile of single track for keeping the pavement in repair, thus insuring the proper preservation of the street surface in the vicinity the proper preservation of the street surface in the vicinity of the railway tracks as well as elsewhere; in addition it will be required to keep the entire permanent way, exclusive of pavement, in a thorough state of efficiency, to the satisfaction of the City Engineer, and if any street is repaved in a permanent manner, the railway company will be compelled to replace the permanent way with the best modern track and substructure, of such form as may be determined by the City Engineer to be most suitable for the safe and comfortable use of the roadway by persons employing ordinary vehicles thereon. All changes of present lines, additions and construction of new ones, and changes to cable or electric systems of traction, are also put under the control of the City Engineer, the locations of new lines being confirmed by the City Council only after the plans have been approved by him; and this control of plans is even maintained for prolongations of any line beyond the city limits. The common sense requirement of keeping the tracks clear of snow without obstructing the rest of the street, seems, too, to be thoroughly appreciated, any fall of snow exceeding six inches having to be carted away, and the disposal of smaller falls being left to the discretion of the City Engineer; only if left on the sides of the streets they must be evenly spread over them. The method outlined above is a nearer approach to the Liverpool system than anything we have noted, and is a material advance on the methods generally pursued on this side of the ocean. IT is gratifying, too, to see such a thorough appreciation of the position and duties of the City Engineer -- requiring his approval of all plans, leaving to him the determination of technical questions, such as the character of track, and leaving to his administration the keeping of the track in repair and clear of snow22 THE ENGINEERING RECORD. DECEMBER 13 without obstructing the rest of the street. The common sense recognition of the importance of a City Engineer’s position by the Toronto authorities is commended to many communities in the United States, where it is too often the custom to impose responsibility, but withhold authority. —————————— USURPING A CITY ENGINEER’S AUTHORITY The City Engineer and Superintendent of Streets, of Rockford, Ill., Mr. D. C. Dunlap, In a communication recently addressed to the City Council, takes a very proper stand and gives its members some sensible advice. He justly complains of lack of support by the Council, especially in matters of sidewalk grades. The Engineer is required by city ordinance to fix and give grades for sidewalks whenever they are ordered to be built, and if a lot owner finds that he has a little grading to do for his sidewalk he is apt to object at once and to complain to the Council, who proceed to upset everything that the Engineer has done. It is impossible, frequently, to fix any grade in cities having an undulating surface that will not require considerable extra work to be done by some property owners (where they are required to grade as well as lay their sidewalks), and these are not unnaturally inclined to think that another grade could be just as well established which would make them less work, and interfere less with the existing surface of their lots. In Rockford there do not seem to be any general established grades to which the sidewalks must conform, but the Engineer is required to fix a grade as wanted—certainly a very haphazard method. Grades of all streets should be carefully studied out by the City Engineer, formally adopted by the Council, and then adhered to. The method, only too common in small cities and towns, of putting responsibility on their Engineer and then overriding him on the slight pretext is all wrong. It is useless to have an Engineer if his authority is thus ignored. Engineer Dunlap also says, in his communication, that in order to properly look after the repairs of bad sidewalks and construction of new ones, to which it was impossible to give his personal attention and attend to other work, he had appointed a sidewalk inspector, and since then hundreds of dangerous places had been repaired much to the general satisfaction of the citizens; but the Mayor then stepped in and ordered the inspector to be discharged and the work attended to with his ordinary force. Mr. Dunlap has had the manliness to put his foot down and demand that, as he is held responsible for the conditions of the sidewalks and condemned, by the people at least, if they are not properly kept up, he should either be allowed an inspector or else relieved of this duty. It is to be hoped that before long the people will be educated up to replacing the small politicians who generally run the City Councils, especially in small places, by men of information and position who have the welfare of their cities at heart. By such men the ability and services of a capable engineer are likely to be appreciated and his authority upheld. —————————— PATENT SYSTEMS OF WELLS FOR WATER SUPPLY. In an article of the Sioux City, Iowa, Times, it is stated that the city is in great need of an increased water supply, and that “Godfrey Bros. have a peculiar and original system of wells, which gives them confidence to claim that works built on their plans will give a full and uninterrupted supply of water to the extent of 2,500,000 gallons per day.” The advocates of “peculiar and original systems” seem to think that there is an inexhaustible supply of underground water, which they have only to tap in order to obtain any required amount; that if a dozen wells will not give the desired yield it is only necessary to [ column break ] sink another dozen to double the supply. The questions of tributary drainage area, rainfall, and percentage of rainfall that sinks into the earth are ignored as being of no consequence. Experimental wells, even, are often misleading, especially if the pumping test is continued but a short time, as a single well might yield a considerable amount of water without any material lowering of the level of the ground water after prolonged pumping, while the addition of one or two more might seriously lower it if pumped with the same speed. It would be very reckless to assume, for example, that these wells would yield continuously ten times as much as the test well. The paper above quoted makes the very sensible suggestion that, as Godfrey Bros. have made a verbal statement that they would guarantee the stated yield, if given the work, they should be compelled to back their guarantee with a bond covering its full cost; only in the bond should be specified a sufficient period of time of guarantee to test the continuance of the supply. Even then a series of wet seasons might unduly favor the contractor, and the only really sensible method is to engage the services of a capable engineer to investigate the whole question and make the proper tests, and to pay for digging such wells as the Engineer decides to be necessary. —————————— THOMAS JEFFERSON WHITMAN. The tribute we publish this week by the venerable poet Walt Whitman to the memory of his brother, the late Thomas Jefferson Whitman, the eminent civil engineer, whose death we noticed in a recent issue, will, we believe, excite the sympathetic interest of our readers. —————————— AN ENGINEER’S OBITUARY. Thomas Jefferson Whitman was born July 18, 1833, in Brooklyn, N. Y., from a father of English stock, and mother (Louisa Van Velsor) descended from Dutch (Holland) immigration. His early years were spent on Long Island, either in the country or Brooklyn. As a lad he showed a tendency for surveying and civil engineering, and about at 19 went with Chief Kirkwood, who was then prospecting and outlining for the great city water-works. He remained at that construction throughout, was a favorite and confidant of the Chief, and was successively promoted. He continued also under Chief Moses Lane. He married in 1859, and not long after was invited by the Board of Public Works of St. Louis, Mo., to come there and plan and build a new and fitting water-works for that great city. Whitman accepted the call, and moved and settled there, and has been a resident of St. Louis ever since. He planned and built the works, which were very successful, and remained as superintendent and chief for nearly 20 years. Of the last six years he has been largely occupied as consulting engineer (divested of his cares and position in St. Louis), and has engaged in public constructions, bridges, sewers, etc., West and Southwest, and especially the Memphis, Tenn., city water-works. Thomas Jefferson Whitman was a theoretical and practical mechanic of superior order, founded in the soundest personal and professional integrity. He was a great favorite among the young engineers and students: not a few of them yet remaining in Kings and Queens Counties, and New York City, will remember “Jeff.” with old-time good-will and affection. He was mostly self-taught, and was a hard student. He had been troubled of late years from a bad throat and from gastric affection, tending to typhoid, and had been rather seriously ill with the last malady, but was getting over the worst of it, when he succumbed under a sudden and severe attack of the heart. He died at St. Louis, November 25, 1890, in his 58th year. Of his family, the wife died in 1873, and a daughter, Mannahatta, died two years ago. Another daughter, Jessie Louisa, the only child left, is now living in St. Louis. [When Jeff was born I was in my 15th year, and had much care of him for many years afterward, and he did not separate from me. He was a very handsome, healthy, affectionate, smart child, and would sit on my lap or hang on my neck half an hour at a time. As he grew a big boy he liked outdoor and water sports, especially boating. [ column break ] We would often go down summers to Peconic Bay, east end of Long Island, and over to Shelter Island. I loved long rambles, and he carried his fowling-piece. O, what happy times, weeks! Then in Brooklyn and New York City he learned printing, and worked awhile at it; but eventually (with my approval) he went to employment at land surveying, and merged in the studies and work of topographical engineer; this satisfied him, and he continued at it. He was of noble nature from the first; very good-natured, very plain, very friendly. O, how we loved each other—how many jovial good times we had! Once we made a long trip from New York City down over the Alleghenies (the National Road) and via the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to New Orleans.] God’s blessing on your name and memory, dear brother Jeff! Walt Whitman. —————————— OBITUARY. William B. Knight, of Kansas City, died December 6, at Jacksonville, Ill., being one of the victims of the recent railroad accident on the Chicago and Alton Railroad. He was badly scalded about the body and face, and at one time it was believed he would recover. His wife was with him when he died. Mr. Knight was a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, a graduate of the Troy Polytechnic Institute, and was at one time employed on the New York Central Railroad, and spent two years on the Panama Railway, and was also connected with the sewerage work of Boston. He was at one time associated with Daniel Bontecou, the firm being Bontecou & Knight, of Kansas City, and was actively engaged in the construction of cable railways in that City. Mr. Knight became Chief Engineer for the Metropolitan Street Railway Company and Chief Engineer of the Kansas City, Independence and Park, the Belt Line, the Kansas City, Wyandotte and Northwestern, and a half dozen other similar concerns. At the time of his death he was Chief Engineer of the Tacoma (Washington) Railway and Motor Company, Kansas City, and Suburban Belt Railway, Union Depot Company, Kansas City Belt Line, Augusta, Ga., Electric Railway Company, Joplin Mo., Electric and Motor Railway Company, Metropolitan Street Railway Company. In 1887 and 1888 Mr. Knight was President of the Kansas City Club of Engineers, and had also been City Engineer. Hon. Edwin H. Hobbs, who died recently in Manchester, N. H., was born in Sanford, Me., May 5, 1835, and had resided in the former place since 1853. Since the latter date he had been a civil engineer, and afterward Chief Engineer and Superintendent of the Land and Water-power Department of the Amoskeag Company. He was a lieutenant in the First New Hampshire Battery during two years of the Civil War. Moores Mirick White, who died at New York on November 29, was a pioneer among builders of iron bridges. He was born at Spencer, Mass., 81 years ago, and for a time was a merchant at Syracuse. He came to New York in 1840. —————————— PERSONAL. William H. Brown, Chief Engineer Pennsylvania Railroad Company, announces the appointment, on December 1, of W. H. Hipple as Chief Inspector of Bridge and Track Material, vice A. Gilpin, resigned. Charles E. Billin, C. E., for several years with Pencoyd Iron Works, has been appointed Superintendent of Bridge and Construction Department of Pennsylvania Steel Works, Steelton, Pa. L. Frederick Rice, architect and civil engineer, of Boston, has relinquished the active practice of architecture and entered the service of the American Bell Telephone Company as Engineer of Underground Work. Treat & Foltz, architects, Chicago, have removed to new offices in the Fairbanks Building, 58 Wabash avenue. William Metcalf, member American Society Civil Engineers, of the Crescent Steel Works, of Pittsburg, Pa., delivered a lecture on steel, before the students of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, on December 9. Samuel M. Gray, of Providence, R. I., has been employed by the City Council of Rochester, N. Y., to make an examination, and report upon the plan proposed by Emil Kuichling, C. E., for the interception and disposal of the sewage of the city of Rochester, east side. General John Newton, of New York, has accepted position of Consulting Engineer to the Board of Trustees of the Chicago Sanitary District, in charge of the location and construction of the proposed drainage canal. —————————— OUR ARCHITECTURAL ILLUSTRATION. A GATEWAY IN HOLLAND. [[page break]] [ image of ornate building, corner location, with partially obscured sign "OFFIEHUIS [KOFFIEHUIS?] PEPER," signed E.J. Meeker ] THE ENGINEERING AND BUILDING RECORD ILLUSTRATED SERIES. HOTEL DES CONTRIBUTIONS.—GROUMGUE, FRANCE. NEW YORK, VOLUME XXIII. Copyright by The Engineering and Building Record.[1890] [THE ENGINEERING RECORD.] [23] NEW PHILADELPHIA TERMINAL FOR THE READING RAILROAD. THE Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company has been for some time anxious to obtain a central location for its Philadelphia terminus, to build thereon a modern structure commensurate with the demands of the traveling public, and to construct an elevated approach to it which would avoid all grade crossings. Its present terminal stations at Broad and Callowhill streets, and at Ninth and Green streets, are quite inadequate and inconveniently located. The proposition made to the Philadelphia Company contemplates a fine station building near Twelfth and Market streets. From thence an elevated roadway of masonrv for four tracks will be built to Eleventh and Callowhill streets, at which point an iron structure will be substituted to Ninth street and Fairmount avenue, where it will make a connection with the tracks of the Philadelphia, Germantown, and Norristown Railroad, of which the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company are lesses. For this entire distance the road will be built on private property, except at street crossings. At Eleventh and Collowhill streets a connection will be made with the branch to the manufacturing establishments on Pennsylvania avenue, passing under Broad street, and thus doing away with the present grade crossing. A new street will be laid out at the expense of the Railroad Company, from Wallace street to Spring Garden street, which will remove the necessity for the present grade crossing in that vicinity. Other grade crossings will also be abolished by substituting overhead highway bridges of handsome designs with ample clearance over the roadways. It is proposed that this extension shall be built by a new corporation to be called the Philadelphia and Reading Terminal Railroad Company. The ordinance authorizing the construction of this extension of the Reading's tracks has been recently submitted to the Select Council and referred by it to the Committee on Law for report. INTER-CONTINENTAL RAILWAY COMMISSION THE Inter-continental Railway Commission, composed of representatives from the United States and other American republics, met for organization in the diplomatic chamber of the Department of State at Washington this week. This commission was recommended by the International American Conference for the purpose of supervising a survey for a line to connect the railway systems of North America with those of South America. There were present Secretary Blaine, Mr. A. J. Cassatt and Mr. Henry G Davis, of the United States; Mr. Leandro Fernandez, of Mexico; Mr. Jacob Baiz, of Guatemala; Mr. Julio Rengilo and Mr. Frederico Farrago, of Colombia; Mr. M. Romero, representing Ecuador; Mr. Nicavnor Bolet Peraza, Venezuela; Mr. F. C. C. Legavia and Mr. Manuel Elguera, of Peru; Mr. John Stewart, of Paraguay, and Mr. Valente, Brazil. Secretary Blaine called the meeting to order, and made an address of welcome. Mr. A. J. Cassatt, of the United States, was chosen as President of the Commission. Quarters for the Commission have been established at 1016 Vermont Avenue. NATURAL GAS FROM CANADA. PIPING for supplying Buffalo with natural gas has been laid from the wells in Berty and Humberson townships in Canada, to Victoria, on the banks of the Niagara River, a distance of 12 miles. The pipe is 8 inches in diameter, and the pressure of the gas 300 pounds per square inch. Fifteen wells have been sunk; two, which are to supply Buffalo, furnish each 7,500,000 cubic feet every 24 hours. It is expected that the connection under the river, between Canada and the United States, will be made in a few days, and the gas be fairly brought into the city. The directors of the gas company believe they can furnish gas enough to supply the whole of Buffalo if necessary. BY a narrow vote, consent to build the East River tunnel from New York to Long Island has been obtained from the New York Board of Aldermen. The opposition the measure met with from the Aldermen indicates there is some substantial backing to the enterprise and that it is a public necessity. It is proposed to complete it in two years. The corporation obtaining the franchise is called the New York and Long Island Railroad Company. REMOVAL OF ENGINEER COOLEY THE Chicago Drainage Commission, according to a dispatch to the New York Times, has discharged Chief Engineer Cooley, and asked Gen. John Newton, appointed Consulting Engineer, to act as Chief Engineer until a successor to Mr. Cooley is chosen. The action of the Board in getting rid of Mr. Cooley has angered his assistants, and they have resigned in a body, declaring that their chief was efficient, and that his removal by the Board was not actuated by motives at all connected with the success of the work in hand, in which belief THE ENGINEERING Record fully concurs. THE Pennsylvania Railroad Company has made a contract with one of the Philadelphia electric light companies for lighting theri station at Tacomy, Pa,. and for a light at each crossing over a length of about 4 miles of track, which is within the city limits. Each Division Superintendent of the road is now preparing plans for lighting all suburban divisions in the same way. The system is to be extended as rapidly as possible with ultimate end in view of having an electric light at every grade crossing. IT is reported that both the New York State Engineer and the Superintendent of Public Works will recommend to the Legislature this winter that the Black River Canal be radically improved or else abandoned except as a feeder for the Erie. Engineer Bogart contends that with the meager appropriation made for the canal each year it is impossible to maintain it in any fir condition for a transportation business, that it has been deteriorating for many years, and that it is now in such shape that if it is not to be improved it should be given up. ENGINEERING SOCIETIES. MINNEAPOLIS ENGINEERS' CLUB.-At the monthly meeting held this week the paper was on "Special Assessments for Public Improvements in the City of Minneapolis," by Assistant City Engineer Huntress. THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS hold their next meeting Tuesday evening, December 16, at their rooms, 12 West Thirty-first Street, New York. The paper of the evening being by Mr. A. E. Kennelly, on "Induction and its; Proposed Unit." The "Henry," the perfected gramophone, will be exhibited by its inventor, Mr. Emile Berliner. THE WESTERN SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS met December 3, President Cooley was in the chair. The annual meeting was anounced for January 7, at the Sherman House, and a special programme will be presented. Regarding the International Congress of Engineers during the World's Fair, Secretary Weston read letters of warm approval from many societies of the United States and foreign countries. Several prominenet societies of Mexico and France have already taken steps to send delegates to the Congress.The society pledged $500 for the Congress fund, The regular programme was then commenced by Mr. Max E. Schmidt, who explained his "Multiple Duplex Railway." designed for service at the Columbian Exposition, and by unanimous vote his fellow members of the society called a special meeting one week later to hear further of this matter. Mr. Schmidt said that the railway would carry 24,000 passengers per hour across the Brooklyn Bridge, as against the present maximum of 16,000. Then Mr. Otis K. Stuart read a paper on the "Bausset Auroplane." AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS NOMINATIONS. ST. PAUL, MINN.. Dec 11-(By telegraph to THE ENGINEERING RECORD).- At a meeting of resident members of American Society of Civil Engineers to-day, they recommended voting for Chanute, for President; Fteley and Hermany, for Vice-Presidents; Trautwine, for Secretary; Boller, for Treasurer; Hering, Herschel, North, Whinery and Childs for Directors of the Society. C. D. A. MORRIS, Sec'y. IN a paper on magnesia in Portland cement, contributed to the Thomindustrie Zeitung by R. Dyckerhoff, and already referred to in THE ENGINEERING RECORD of November 15, 1890, the author says he is disposed to fix the maximum permissible amount of magnesia in Portland cement at 4 per cent., and the Association of German Cement Manufacturers has formed a committee to report on the subject, such makers as are using dolomitic material being especially interested. NEW ENGLAND WATER-WORKS ASSOCIATION. THE regular quarterly meeting of the New England Water-Works Association was held at Young's Hotel, Boston, on Wednesday, December 10, with about 80 members and visitors present. The usual dinner was followed by a business meeting, with President Albert F. Noyes in the chair, and R. C. P. Coggeshall, Secretary. In his opening address President Noyes thanked the Association for the honor conferred in electing him President for the ensuing year, this being his first appearance in the Presidential chair, and referring to the great claims made upon his time by his professional duties, hoped he might have the support and co-operation of each member to make the meeting s a success. He had the promise of a number of interesting papers from various members, and would follow the same general order of procedure in future, as in previous meetings. He alluded to the great value to the members of the short experience papers that had been presented in the past, and asked members to volunteer to speak on their several individual experiences in the management of water-works, at the meetings to come. The President then introduced Professor Niles, President of the NEw England Meteorological Society, who was present by special invitation, and who gave an informal address on Climatic Variations in the their relations to and as affecting water supply. The water supply of any section should be determined by the amount obtainable in the dryest season. There is often a great variation in the rainfall, even in districts not very far apart, and while one may experience continuous wet weather, another, not specially remote, may be passing through a period of extreme dryness. It is generally the case that one shower will be followed by another, and so on, and vice versa. Now, why do we have such variations? Rain supply is, apparently, not equally distributed. One explanation may be found in the fact that a shower must have something to subsist upon, just as a fire must have something to sustain it. Evaporation supplies the material for rain, so that soil wet by one shower naturally supplies material for another. For this reason showers will usually follow the courses of rivers or chains of lakes, and yet there is no known way to calculate whether local showers shall favor one place or another, and so we get these variations in the supply of water by rain at all times. On the Pacific Coast the extremely local character of the rainfall is very striking. One of the problems for the engineer to consider is the carrying of water from the locally wet to the locally dry sections. It has been shown that 22 per cent. of the surface of the earth receives less than 10 inches of rainfall per annum, and there are cases where there is strong evidence to show that while at one time certain sections have had an abundance of water, yet its lakes are found to contain almost no water, [?] its soil perfectly dry. The storage of water and the artificial means of carrying and distributing it are only in their infancy. The future development of many parts of our own and other countries depends on a solution of the problem of how best to give the greatest supply to the largest areas. The question is one of great importance, and must be studied from a geological as well as form an engineering point of view. Mr. Desmond FitzGerald made a brief reference to the work of carrying on the various surveys of the lands west of the Mississippi River, as conducted under the management of Major Powell at Washington D. C., and gave some details of the reservoirs at Covington, Ky. Solon Allis, Superintendent of Malden, Mass., read a short paper giving an account of the replacing of some cementlined pipe at the place at that place by cast iron pipe, nearly 1,000 feet of which extended through a hard ledge. City Engineer Whitlock, of Waterbury, Conn., being called upon, gave a brief description of the gravity system of water-works of that place. This system originally of cement-lined pipe, was now almost entirely of cast-iron piping, but the growth of the place had been so great, representing an increase of population of from 100 to 110 per cent. that the system was insufficient for the demands made upon it, and further supply was necessary. Professor Drowne made brief reference to the method of purifying water by metallic iron. Mr. Jones, ex-Superintendent Boston Water-Works, Mr. Hawes, of Fall River, and others, also made short addresses. Thanks were voted to Professor Niles for his able address. Next meeting to be Wednesday, January 14, 1891. The following were elected members of hte Association: Resident, Active.-George W. Harrington, Superintendent, Wakefield, Mass. Associate.-William S. White, Boston Agent, Porter Manufacturing Company, Syracuse, N. Y.; Niagara Meter Company, Brooklyn, N. Y.[24] [THE ENGINEERING RECORD.] [DECEMBER 13] THE NAPLES WATER-WORKS. PART II.*-THE CANCELLO SYPHON AND GATE HOUSES, SPECIAL PRESSURE JOINTS-SUBTERRANOUS STORAGE RESERVOIRS AND GATE CHAMBERS. FROM the Cancello hill the water is carried, under pressure, in inverted syphons across the wide plain of Acerra, up to and across the plateau of Capodichino, through the valley of Miano in a short syphon and into a receiving chamber ike those of Tronti and Gruidi [Figs. 10, 11, 12 and 13), whence it passes through a masonry canal directly into the Capodimonte reservoir. The Cancello syphon has three lines of pipe, one 0.7m inside diameter and 22.770m. long, that is with a loss of head of 24.77m discharges 232l. per second into the upper reservoir at a height of 183m. above sea level. The other two pipes are 0.8m in diameter and 18.727m. long, and together discharge 928l. per second, with a loss of head of 42.05m. into the lowest reservoir at a height of 93.6m. At their lowest points the 0.7m. and 0.8m. syphons sustain pressures of 186m. head and 113. head, respectively. The water is admitted from the conduit through gate houses on Cancello hill to the syphons: the 0.7m. syphon gate house is the highest and is divided into three chambers, one for the inlet from the syphons, one for the inlet to the 0.7m. high-pressure syphon, and the other for t he outlet for the continuation of the conduit which carries the remainder of the water to the lower gate house, where it is admitted to the 0.8m. syphons. Figure 17 is a horizontal section through the lower gate house, and Fig. 18 is a vertical section at c, d, e, f, Fig. 17. The water is received through the conduit A, and admitted through gates B B to chamber C, and into the 0.8,. low-pressure syphons D D, or, by closing gates B B and opening gates E E, it is admitted into waste chamber F, and passes through discharge pipes G G, to overflow canal H. J is the 0.7m. high-pressure syphon, and I is the 0.2m. service pipe for charging the syphons; both I and J are from the upper gate house. The ends of the syphons turn downwards to prevent the admission of air, and they are provided with vents, not shown here, for the escape of any air that may accumulate in them. The two low-pressure syphons are laid in the same trench, the high-pressure syphon is laid in a parallel trench 6m. away, so as not to endanger the others in case- *Part I. General Description, Ancient Supply, Collecting Galleries, Receiving Chamber, Conduits, Aqueduct Bridges, Tronti Syphon, Gate Houses, and Syphon Chamber was published Dec. 6, + rm. equals 3,28 feet, [[symbol]] xl. equals 1.76 pints. it bursts. Most of the special castings and syphon pipes were made at the Terni foundries. The thickness of pipe for different pressures is calculated according to the formula, E = H D -:- 2 R, E = thickness, H = head, D = diameter of pipe, and R 1.75 kill.* per sq. m.m. The pipes are connected by special lead joints made so that the lead ring is slightly conical and forced more tightly against the metal the greater the pressure is. The pipes were tested at the works by a pressure twice as great as the working pressure when that did not exceed 25 atmospheres, and after being set in place, were tested to a pressure five atmospheres greater than the working pressure. Three railroad lines were crossed by underground galleries, and two rivers and a ravine by arch bridges, one of which had three skew spans. The pipes were covered with earth of minimum depth of 1.24m. Each section of pipe weighed about two tons, and was brought from the railroad stations at either end of the syphon on a service track, shown in Fig. 9, page 3, parallel to the line of the pipes, and was lowered into the trenches by traveling derricks. The syphons are charged by a 0.2m. pipe, 8.420m. long (I, Fig. 17), supplying water from the upper gatehouse to the lowest point of the syphons, to which is has separate connections, similar to the arrangement shown for the Cancello syphon in Figs. 10 to 16 inclusive. The air escapes through vents placed at the summits, and at intervals of 500m. on level sections. No valves have been placed on the syphon pipes, but were arranged on the cross branch P, Fig. 19, that connects supply pipe 1 with the syphon pipes D D and J, which it commands by gate valves R R and R. Any syphon may be independently emptied at Q by closing valve T and opening tis valve R and the waste valve S. Communication between the ends of the syphon is had by a special telephone line. Instead of building costly masonry reservoirs, the engineers profited by the geological formation about Naples, where tufa rock predominates, and excavated vast subterranean storage galleries in the heart of the Capodimonte hill. Figure 20 is a plan of these lower galleries, five in number, running in a northeast and southwest line, at a distance of 50m. below the surface of the ground. Figure 21 shows the cross section, which has a waterway of 6g square meters area, when filled to a depth of 8m. The axes of the galleries are 18.5m apart, thuse leaving between the galleries a solid wall 9.25m thick. The first and second and the fourth and fifth galleries are connected by passages of the same section as Fig. 21 for the *1 kilogram = 2.2 lbs. galleries themselves. The third gallery is isolated. It was intended to make the five galleries of equal length, but they were obstructed by the discovery of an abandoned quarry, which caused the irregular plan of 4 and 5. The three first galleries are each 254.8m long, the total combined length of all the galleries is 1,135.49m., and their cubic contents, 80,000m.* The material excavated from the galleries was conveniently and cheaply disposed of in vast, abandoned quarries adjacent. The reservoirs were plastered all over with Grenoble cement mortar, 0.5m. thick on the wetted surface, and 0.013m. thick above it; the mortar was applied in two coats; the first composed of three parts puzzolona, 1 part sand and 1 part cement; the second composed of 1 part sand and 1 part cement. The galleries are ventilated by seven shafts open above the surface of the ground. Figure 22 shows a perspective view in one of the Capodimonte storage galleries. Figure 23 is a vertical section through the gate chambers A, B, C, of the galleries 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; the axes of these chambers are in the same vertical plane perpendicular to the axes of the reservoir galleries. Water from the 0.8m. syphons is received in the upper gallery A, and is distributed by a canal D, 1m. wide and- 2m. deep, to three branches L of the same size, which conduct it through gates M to galleries 2, 3, and 4, where it is discharged on a slope N reaching to the invert. The second gallery B is the outlet gallery at the level of the invert of the reservoir galleries, it contains the machinery commanding the iron pressure mains E and F, Fig. 24, of 0.6m. and 0.8m. diameter, respectively, which supply the city distribution system. Vertical pipes and horizontal branches through the inverts of the reservoir galleries connect them with the mains E and F, and are controlled by suitable valves which permit the water to be drawn from either gallery at will. Two pipes at G connect the mains E and F directly with the inlet canal D, and are commanded by a gate P, that permits the mains to be filled directly from the syphons if the reservoirs should chance to be empty. Ordinarily the pipes at G are empty, and serve as vents for E and F. The lowed gallery C is below the reservoir galleries and serves to drain them when necessary. The reservoir can be emptied through the cast-iron pipes H from the bottom of galleries 2, 3, and 4. The Valves of these pipes are operated from gallery B, and gallery C is usually full of water, which discharges through tunnel 1 into a canal emptying into the city sewer. * 1 cubic m. equals 35.3 cubic feet. [1890][THE ENGINEERING RECORD.][25] Figure 24 is a vertical section through the gate chambers at Z Z, Fig 23. Figure 25 is a horizonal section at V, W, X, Y, Figs. 23 and 24. The water level is limited by waste weirs Q Q, etc., that are semicircular openings in the side wall of each gallery. These weirs are 4m in diameter, and their sills are at a height of 92.5m. above sea level. The overflow from these weirs discharges into vertical shafts R, that communicate, by tunnels S, with drainage gallery C. The excess of the supply of water that is received through channel D overflows through canal T into the waste shaft R. A shaft U is provided to drain gallery B into gallery C in case of its being flooded by the bursting of the mains E and F. Galleries A and B are 4m. high by 4m. wide; gallery C is 3m. high by 2m. wide, and, though ordinarily full of water, is accessible by an elevated passage way at one side. The galleries are reached by a spiral stairway in the circular shaft W that is 4m. in diameter, and communicates with a pavilion V on the surface of Mount Capodimonte. these reservoirs supply five-sixths of the inhabitants of Naples; the remainder are supplied by another reservoir, whose water is maintained at a height of 183m. above sea level. This reservoir is composed of three subterranean galleries excavated in the lufa rock in an east and west direction, at a depth of 30m. below the surface of the ground. The galleries are independent, separated by rock walls 10m. thick , each one is 114m. long and 9.5m. high by 10m. wide; their total united contents is 20,000 [[image]] THE NAPLES WATER WORKS - FIG. 22 cubic meters, and the depth of water maintained is 6m. Their details of construction and operation are similar to those already described. Their delivery to the city is through three pipes, which supply, respectively, 162.50 and 20 liters per second, giving 300 liters a day to each of the inhabitants of the high-service system. The high and low pressure distribution systems of the city are connected at three points, where an automatic float valve admits high-pressure water to the lowest system, where its pressure falls below a certain amount. The works were commenced in November, 1887, and completed in December, 1884, water being turned on in Naples in May, 1885. The venetian Company of contracts and Public Works were the local contractors, and have also accomplished the city distribution. STREET CLEANING IN ST. PAUL, MINN. IN his report for 1889, City Engineer L. W. Rundlett, of St. Paul. Minn., says that the amount of various kinds of pavements now liad is as follows: [Miles] [---] [Cedar block pavement on plank foundation] [28.36] [Cedar block pavement on concrete foundation] [0.20] [Pine block pavement on plank foundation] [6.02] [Asphalt pavement on concrete foundation] [4.04] [Granite pavement on sand foundation] [0.39] ["Ken" pavement] [0.26] [Brick pavement] [0.34] [39.61] Mr. Rundlett further states: "All paved streets, except asphalt, have been swept at night by machinery. The total cost of this work was $24,556.96; the total milage swept 2,461.37; the average cost per mile. $9.98. "This is the best record that has been made of cost of work, and shows very efficient service. I know of no city with similar pavements where the work is done so completely. The price does not include the cost of wear and tear on the brooms and machinery. Each sweeper cleans about 52,400 square yards of pavement per night. "All asphalt pavement are swept by hand, the streets being divided into sections, one mane taking care of about 1,000 feet of street, going over it continually; the accumulation of dirt being removed daily. cost per mile, $15.86. No sprinkling was required on asphalt pavements." BUILDERS' AND CONTRACTORS' ENGINEERING AND PLANT. No. CVI. (Continued from page 379, Vol. XXII.) ERECTION OF THE OHIO CONNECTING RAILROAD BRIDGE.* The Brunot's Island bridge is a single-track structure 4.558 feet long, which carries the Ohio Connecting Railroad across the Ohio at Brunot's Island, a few miles below Pittsburg, Pa. The bridge consists of a 525-foot through span across the main channel at A, Fig. 1, a similar span 416 feet long at C, a viaduct of 14 pin-connected deck spans, one 140 feet, eleven of 174.72 feet each, and two of 126.14 feet each, and, at E, a plate girder approach viaduct, 1,303.8 feet long. With the exception of spans A and C, the erection of the work was accomplished with ordinary false work, travelers, derricks, etc. Span A is over the main channel, through which there is constantly an enormous traffic* of steamboats, packets, tugs and very long and unwieldy tows of rafts and coal barges. To avoid obstructing this traffic, and to be less exposed to damage from the floods that suddenly appear in the Ohio River, it was determined not to build any pilling, trestles or other false work across the channel there, but to assemble and connect the span in a less exposed situation some distance away, and then bodily transfer the finished structure to its permanent position. OHIO CONNECTING R. R. BRIDGE FIG. 1 [[schematic]] False work was accordingly bult at B, and the span erected upon it. Barges were then placed underneath the false work, which was transferred to them, and they were drawn clear of the piling, swung about 90 degrees across the channel about their upper end as a center, and then drawn about 500 feet up stream to a position between the piers, upon which they deposited the long span at a clear elevation of nearly 80 feet above the water. Figure 1 is a diagram of the bridge location, and shows soundings and contour lines. Figure 2 is a general elevation of the trussed superstructure. Figure 3 is a general plan of the piling on which the false work trestles at B, Fig. 1, were built. Figure 4 is a general elevation of span A as connected up, ready for launching and transferring to its piers H and I, Fig. 1; I I etc., Fig. 4, are the piles on which 20-inch rolled steel beams F F, etc., formed longitudinal caps. On these the trestle bents H H, etc., were set. On top of the trestle caps longitudinal stringers and rails formed a track on which the traveler T moved and erected the iron work that is shown in solid black lines. A is the roller, and B the fixed end of the span; R R is the height of rail; P, the mean low water level; C, a fender pier to protect the false work; E E, etc., are the barges which were towed into the positions shown after the span was connected. Figure 6 is a cross-section and elevation at Z Z, Figs. 4 and 5, and Fig. 5 is an elevation at X X, Fig. 6; Fig. 7 is a section at W W, Figs. 4, 5 and 6, to show the horizontal tracing. Figure 8 shows the connection of tie rods at Q. Fig. 7; and Fig. 9 is another elevation at Q. Three bulkheads were built in each barge, dividing it- * A description and illustration of the launching of the channel pan was published on pages 178, 227, 228 and 229, Vol. XXII. into tour compartments, in each of which wee two inlet holes through the bottom, fitted with long timber plugs. These plugs were withdrawn and the barges allowed to nearly fill with water. The plugs were then inserted and the barges place in position, as shown in Fig. 4. Timber bents N N, etc., were then built, on which the I beams F F, etc., were supported. When the water was pumped out of the barges their buoyancy lifted the span and false work from the piles. [[??]] he strings pieces J J were added after the barges had been withdrawn from between the piles. The false work was put together with 7/8-inch drift bolts, 2 by 6 inch oak keys, and 3/4-inch drill bolts. All its diagonal rods were 7/8-inch round, without upsets, threaded 8 inches at the ends and connected by sleeve-nuts. The load on each post N was estimated at 6,600 pounds. S S, Fig. 6, are the rails- on which traveler T (not shown here) moves astride the span. Figure 20 is an elevation showing details of traveler T, Fig. 11 shows an elevation from Z Z, Fig. 10. After span A had been put in its final position the barges and false work were towed around the foot of the island at D, and up to the site of span C, between whose piers the false work was deposited on piles, and from it span C was erected in the usual manner. (TO BE CONTINUED.) ACCORDING to a Boston, Mass., report, the negotiations that have been pending in Chicago for the past few months touching the franchise of a railway between the two Exposition depots of the World's Fair, one at Jackson Park, and the other at Lake Front, have at last been concluded, and a company has been made up largely of Boston capitalists, who are to cover the ten miles of distance with a structure of the Riley elevated railroad system. A CONVENTION has been called to be held at Oberlin, Kan., December 10, to discuss the question of irrigation. Delegates will be present from different counties. THE USE OF GALVANIZED IRON FOR ARTESIAN WELLS AND FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF DRINKING WATER. [*Paper read before the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, by Reuben Haines. Reprinted from the Journal of the Institute.] The writer recently received for analysis for potability a sample of water from an artesian well, which proved to be of somewhat unusual character. The well had been sunk a few months ago on a homestead property, situated a short distance beyond the northern boundary of this city. It was 78 feet in depth, and the outer casing as well as the inner tube were of galvanized iron. The water had been previously analyzed by another chemist and was pronounced by him to be contaminated with sewage. As no source of contamination was known to exist near the well it was thought a mistake had been made. My analysis showed, however, that water contained an enormous amount of free ammonia, and also an extraordinarily large amount of zinc in actual solution. I subsequently learned that the pipes were discovered to be very much corroded in the short time they had been in use. The following are the results of my examination of the water: Composition- Parts per 100,000 Free ammonia..... 0.4730 [Album?] ammonia...... 0.0080 Chlorine ....... 0.80 Total solid matter at 100℃ ........ 15.50 Nitric Acid, { Only faint traces by the acid phenyl sulphate test in 100 cc. In column 7 inches in height in a colorless glass tube. ((column break)) Sulphuric Acid (qualitative) - Small traces or none at all Injurious Metals : Large amount of zinc in solution; identified by several appropriate tests Appearance -- Clear and colorless, there being no turbiditv, no sediment deposited until exposed to the air for several days, when white flakes were observed at the bottom of the bottle. Taste -- After-taste, very slightly astringent. I subsequently determined the amount of the sinc in the remaining portion of the same sample, and found it contained 3.9 grains of the oxide of zinc per gallon, equivalent to 3.12 grains of metallic zinc. As this portion of the wate was small, only one quarter liter, I was unable to make a complete analysis, but in the following statement have supplied by calculation the amounts of sodium and carbonic acid, assuming that all the chlorine was combined with sodium only, and that zinc calcium ammonia existed wholly as carbonates; the small traces of sulphuric acid, nitric acid and magnesia, if present, being neglected altogether. This, I think, must be at least approximately correct, as the evaporated solids yielded considerable carbonic acid on treatment with HCI. The results are as follows: {{TRANSCRIBE CHART HERE}} ((column break)) The total solids by actual weight in this portion were equivalent to 10.56 grains per gallon dried at 100℃. In the above analysis, it will be observed that the free ammonia is the only positive evidence of organic contamination in this water. The albuminoid ammonia, however, while scarcely excessive for a medium quality and usable surface-well water, seems rather too large for a deep well in the rock. The albuminoid ammonia should not exceed 0.0050 parts per 100,000, and is frequently not more than 0.0030, if the water is absolutely secure from contamination. The amount of chlorine is not more than is natural for many pure and soft well waters. The freedom from nitrates is rather remarkable, there being less than is found in some of the purest spring waters. I ascertained that there was no cesspool drain, manure heap, or any other source of contamination within 200 feet of this well. At that distance there is a stable but the stalls are drained by a cemented terra-cotta pipe, which is carried to a considerable distance further away from the well. As regards surface drainage, the well is favorably situated, being on higher ground than the stable. The nearest source of contamination on the adjoining premises is at least 500 or 600 feet distant. In every respect, therefore, so far as known, the well appears to be properly protected as regards location. As, however, the well is deep and the amount of water abundant, it is reasonable to conclude that a water-bearing stratum draining a very large area, or prehaps a strong flowing underground stream has been tapped. Hence, the water may have become contaminated by sewage at a very great distance from the well. Such instances have ((column break)) been known to occur. In this way I am inclined to ac count for the free ammonia in this water, which has pos sibly been increased byreduction of nitrates previously present in the water, induced by contact with iron and zinc. There can be no doubt that the water has been, some- where in its course, contaminated with a large amount of nitrogenous organic matter, probably animal sewage. A peculiar feature of this water is the large amount of zinc which it contains, and the fact that the whole of it is in solution. On heating or partial evaporation, the zinc separates as a film on the surface of the water. That water has a solvent action upon metallic zinc has been known for a long time. As early as 1778 it was alluded to be M. de la Faile, a French physician and chemist. Thenard and Gay Lussac and, in 1813, Vauque- lier, in 1854, confirmed it experimentally as regards ordi- nary water and even distilled water. Similar results have been reported by others since that time. In most of these cases, only traces or very small amounts of zinc were dissolved. Prof. W. R. Nichols, of Boston, some fifteen years ago stated that he always expected to find zinc in water which passed through galvanized iron pipe. He found that Lake Cochituate water, which had remained undisturbed in pipes at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for thirty-six hours, the pipes having been in use for eight or nine years, contained a small amount of zinc in suspension, and 0.062 grain per gallon in solution. use for ((column break)) In another case, when the analysis of the water gave suspicious evidence of contamination with sewage, he found a trace of zinc in suspension, and 0.843 grain per gallon in solution. The mode of action of common potable water on zinc is understood to be, first, the formation on the surface of the metal of a coating of oxide of zinc, which is then acted upon by the carbonic acid generally present in the water, converting it into a mixture of oxide, carbonate, and, according to Pettenkoffer, anoxyhydrocarbonate, or, as now termed, hydrated basic carbonate, which gradually becomes more or less separated from the metallic surface and is carried in suspension or forms a film on the surface of the water, while a small part dissolves. In the case before us, I think the oxide and carbonate of zinc have combined with the carbonate of ammonia to form the double carbonate of zinc and ammonia, which is insoluble in water, but very soluble in carbonate of am- monia, the excess of carbonate of ammonia in the water thus holding it in solution. This combination of salts is decomposed by boiling water or by heating on the water bath. I found that both commercial zinc and chemically pure zinc, each in the coarsely "granulated" or feathered con- dition, were rapidly acted upon by a cold dilate solution of carbonate of ammonia, from which, after twenty-four hours' contact with zinc, a copious precipitate of zinc sul- phide was thrown down by H2S after acidifying with acetic acid. It is not unusual to find considerable zinc in suspension either as hydrated oxide or carbonate in waters, for in- ((column break)) stance, that have been retained for some time in galvan- ized iron, "circulating boilers" in dwellings, especially in the case of new boilers. I once had in my possession a piece of lead pipe which had connected a "circulating boiler" to the "water-back" of the kitchen range, and which at one point was almost completely stopped up with a reddish white deposit; and this deposit proved to be composed principally of oxide and carbonate of zinc, derived, so doubt, from the gal- vanized iron boiler. I have also observed in one instance a scum or film of zinc hydrocarbonate almost completely covering the sur- face of the water in a cedar tank after the water had en- tered this tank through several hundred feet of galvanized iron pipe leading from a spring-house. The spring water had been until near that time quite pure, but was con- taminated during heavy rains by a shallow well a few feet distant, which contained decaying vegetable matter and the water of which yielded a large amount of tree ammo- nia, but gave no evidence of sewage pollution. There can be no doubt that, like the case of the artesian well before us, the excessive amount of ammonia in the spring water had a solvent action on the zinc coating of the galvanized pipes, but that on free exposure to the air in the tank the hydrocarbonate of zinc was separated, as it appeared, in a crystalline firm on the surface of the water. The amount of zinc thus carried into the water, either in suspension or in solution, appears to depend not only on the impurities of the water, but also upon the quality28 THE ENGINEERING RECORD. DECEMBER 13 of the galvanized iron: both as to whether the process of coating with zinc has been properly done and as to the purity of the texture of the zinc itself. If, for instance, the iron has been allowed to become spotted with rust, even if the rust is apparently well cleaned off before dipping the iron surface into the zinc bath a more rapid corrosion, it is said, is liable to occur when the zinced article is immersed in water. As regards the injurious effects of potable water containing zinc the zinc oxide or carbonate carried in suspension in any large amounts would not be likely to cause trouble to health, because most people would usually refuse to drink any water so turbid without filtering it. Hence, only the smaller amounts of suspended zinc and that which is in solution need be considered. While it is true that in case of the artesian well described in this paper no chemist would be likely to advise the use of this water, on account of the strong suspicion of sewage contamination, yet it is suggestive of possibilities where the water is not submitted to a chemist for examination. As interesting paper on the use of zinced or galvanized iron for the storage and conveyance of drinking water was contributed by Dr. W.E. Boardman of Boston, to the fifth annual report of the Massachusetts State Board of Health, 1874, the object of which was started to be to determine, if possible, whether such use of this material was attended with danger of zinc poisoning, this having been asserted in the Boston Journal of Chemistry in commenting upon cases of illness occurring at Spot Pond, Melrose. Mass., in 1871. To this paper I refer as a concise statement of the opinions of numerous distinguished authors from 1795 to 1872. "From this resume of opinion and facts" says Dr. Boardman, "it may be confidently asserted that the oxide of zinc as it occurs in drinking water is absolutely harmless" With regard to the carbonate of zinc, he says "The almost universal testimony appears to point conclusively also to the innocuity of this compound." The above conclusions are in regard to that which is in suspension only. As regards the effects of zinc in a soluble for. Dr. Boardman says: "Admitting, then, that water which has been stored in reservoirs or draw through pipes of galvanized iron always contains zinc in solution in the form of one or more of its salts, the innocuity of those salts in the quantities in which they occur is attested by the experience and experiments of the various distinguished observers to whom we have already referred. While they admit the deleterious influences which may be occasioned by the soluble salts of zinc when taken internally in sufficient quantity or for a long time, they are unanimous in the recommendation of the use of zinced iron for the storing and conveyance of water." ((column break)) 30 THE ENGINEERING RECORD. December 13 same, as circumstances may require; when a street upon which tracks are laid is to be paved in a permanent manner then the present tracks and substructures are to be removed and replaced according to the best modern practice by girder rails, improved points, and substructure of such description as may be determined upon by the City Engineer as most suitable for the purpose and for the comfortable and safe use of the highway by those using vehicles thereon, and all changes in the present tracks and road-bed, construction of new lines, or additions of present ones shall be done under the supervision of the City Engineer and to his satisfaction. 6. When the party securing the right to operate the street railway desires to change the rails and road-bed as before referred to, for the purpose of operating by electric, cable, or other motive power recommended by the City Engineer and approved of by the Council, the city will prepare a permanent pavement in conjunction therewith. This shall firstly apply only to the main lines, and thereafter to such branch lines, or extension of main lines, as the City Engineer may recommend and the City Council may agree to from time to time, but such lines as are now laid on a permanently formed roadway must be changed by the company at no expense to the city. 7. The present gauge is to maintained, and the location of the railway on any of the streets shall not be confirmed by the Council until the plans thereof showing the proposed position of the rails and other works in each street have been approved by the City Engineer. 8. The party operating the railway will be required to enter into an agreement with the city not to extend beyond the limits of the municipality, or own, control or operate a line connecting with or adjoining a city line, or forming practically prolongations thereof, without first having had plans of the same approved by the City Engineer and confirmed by the Council. 9. The party operating the railway will be required to enter into an agreement with the city to extend the tracks and services on such streets as may be recommended by the City Engineer and approved by Council; all such extensions to be governed by the same terms as existing lines. 10. The City Authorities shall have the right to take up the streets traversed by the railway lines, either for the purpose of altering the grade thereof, constructing or repairing pavements, sewers, drains, or conduits, or for laying down or repairing water or gas pipes, and for all other purposes within the privileges of the corporation, without being liable for any damage that may be occasioned in the working of the railway. 11. The track allowance whether for a single or double line, is to be kept free from snow and ice, at the expense of the company, so that cars may be used continuously. 12. If the fall of snow is less than 6 inches at one time, the company must remove the same from the tracks and space hereinafter mentioned, and may, if the City Engineer so determines, evenly spread the snow on the adjoining portion of the roadway, but should the quantities of snow and ice exceed 6 inches in depth, the whole space occupied by the tracks and between the same, for double tracks, 16 feet 6 inches, and for single tracks, 8 feet 3 inches, is to be cleared, and the material to be removed and deposited at such point or points off the street as may be approved of by the City Engineer. 13. Electric, cable, or other new system of motor, or a combined system recommended by the City Engineer, and approved of by the Council as suitable, is to be introduced at once and used; at least on the streets indicated. THE SMOKE PROBLEM IN ENGLAND. According to Iron, of London, a Mr. Elliott, of tha(t) city, proposes to solve the smoke problem by condensing the smoke in water and recovering the by-products. To this end he has a tank of water in which are revolving stirrers driven by a small engine or by spare power. By means of a fan he draws the smoke from the chimney and forces it into the water at a point near the bottom of the tank. The smoke and products of combustion are then churned up together in the tank, the solid particles of the smoke and the sulphurous vapors, and noxious fumes being arrested in the water. In time the heat of combustion warms up the water, and the steam is allowed to escape through a chimney into the air. When the water has become fully charged with the condensed smoke and other matters, it is drawn off and the tank is re-filled with water. The charge liquor is to be afterwards treated, and the by-products due to the combustion of the coat are to be recovered. By this means it is claimed that not only will the smoke nuisance be abated but that a profit will be derived from the operations. THE BURNING OF REFUSE. Referring to the voluminous correspondence which has lately appeared in English papers on the matter of noxious vapors and offensive gases in the atmosphere of London, The Engineer, in an article under the above head, ascribes the offensive smells largely to garbage destructors, and directs attention to the growing peril connected with the disposal of the comparatively dry refuse of towns. The thing to be dreaded, says our contemporary, is that in their zeal for the cremation of the stuff that comes from the dust bins and the markets, the local authorities will sublimate the nuisance, and cast it abroad on the air, like the ashes of the Egyptian furnace, which once scattered malarious dust over the land of the Nile. It is possible that destructors may be so managed as to give no annoyance, but the example of the London city destructor does not seem to be very encouraging. When the vapor from the chimney descends, some hundreds of yards distant, although it appears only as a thin haze, scarcely perceptible to the eye, the odor is detestable. The premises connected with the destructor may be perfectly clean and wholesome, but the mischief is done at a large range, and the blow is struck at a distance. At a moderate calculation, the area thus dominated exceeds that of a circle a mile in diameter. The obnoxious chimney is fully a thousand yards from the northern end of Blackfriars Bridge and the peculiar odor has been detected as far off as St. Paul's Churchyard. In the other direction it has reached to Westminster Abbey. Seeing what happens in London, The Engineer feels a little anxious for those provincial towns which are rushing into the cremation system for the disposal of their rubbish. The City Commissioners of Sewers were influenced by the example of Leeds. The Armley Road destructor was visited in 1881 by a deputation from Commissioners, and a favorable impression was produced. But Colonel Haywood, the engineer of the Commission, gave a somewhat guarded report on the subject. He remarked that the spot where the destructor was placed was in the immediate neighborhood of many large manufactories and chimneys, and was "not far from gas-works." Proceeding with his description, he said: "The atmosphere was smoky and offensive at the time of the visit of the deputation, and probably is more or less so at all times." Further, Colonel Haywood remarked: "The only smell noticeable within the station was a sulphurous one, much resembling that from a brick field, but it was not noticeable outside the station inclosure." Possibly it was there mixed up with other smells, or it may have been carried by the wind overhead to some remote spot. In coming to a conclusion on the subject, Colonel Haywood said the sulphurous odor was perceptible both at the Armley Road and the Burmantofts Stations at Leeds, and it was his opinion that "such smell, whether really injurious to health or not would certainly be objected to as a nuisance and injurious to health if perceived at Lett's Wharf." In like manner it was reported, on the occasion of a visit recently paid to the Armley Road destructor by some members of the British Association, that "the Leeds destructor works very satisfactorily, but rather more smoke is emitted than would be tolerated in London." So Colonel Haywood reported nine years ago saying, "Leeds may be taken to illustrate the possibility of burning house refuse as fast as it is brought to the works, and that it can be done without causing material nuisance if care be taken in selecting suitable sites." A "suitable site" appears to be one where so many disagreeable odors are to be found that one more makes little difference. Obviously it is not enough, so our contemporary contends, to burn the actual refuse. The smoke itself must be burned, and even then there is some risk of offensive gases emanating from the chimney shaft. Still, it is to be hoped that this may be prevented. The last report of Mr. Fletcher under the Alkali Acts contains a reference to the "nauseous smell" at one time emitted by the town refuse works of the Manchester Corporation at Holt Town. In that case fetid steam was treated in a shower-bath wash-towner. Mr. Fletcher says, "I had some difficulty in proving to the Health Committee that the cleansing effect of the wash water was not sufficient, for the vapor, when discharged into the chimney, was so masked by the smoke and gases found there that its detection was difficult." Nevertheless, Mr. Fletcher states that, "At a distance of a mile from the works, when the wind brought the smoke of this chimney over a district, the offensive smell was painfully apparent." At last the committee were convinced, and the Corporation Engineer, Mr. H. Whiley, designed what is considered "a very effective cremator, or burning chamber," through which the fetid gases are made to pass before they are allowed to escape up the chimney of the works. This cremator is a brick chamber, 8 feet wide, 5 feet high, and 52 feet long. The walls are thick, and the interior is traversed by baffling walls, so that the air is passing through the chamber makes a serpentine course of about 112 feet. So satisfied were the authorities with the working of this apparatus that they resolved on erecting a second cremator on the same plan. It is mentioned by Mr. Fletcher that a cremator for a similar purpose was erected several years ago by the Rochdale Corporation, and has been maintained in successful work ever since. Obviously a boon of immense value will be conferred upon all large towns when some mode of disposing of house refuse inoffensively and at little cost, or perhaps with a moderate profit, is clearly demonstrated. TELFORD ROADS -- HOW MADE IN PARIS. A controversy has been going on in Union Country, New Jersey, regarding the use of clay in Telford roads. Mr. F. Collingwood, C.E., sends to the Elizabeth Journal the translation of a letter recently received from Mons. Chas. Taverriner, of Paris, the Chief Engineer of the First Division of the Department of the Seine in charge of Roads and Bridges. In referring to the discussion in Elizabeth, Mr. Collingwood says: "Certain statements have been made as to French practice, and as they were contrary to what I have always understood. I addressed, some time since, a set of questions to Mons. Pontzen, a prominent French engineer, whom I know well. I have recently received a reply, inclosing a note from Mons. Taverriner, the Chief Engineer of the First Division of the Department of the Seine, in charge of the Roads and Bridges. I have made a translation, which is as follows: " 'DEAR SIR: I inclose a copy of the specifications for certain improvements in Paris. In answer to your different questions, I reply: " 'First. --In Paris the breaking of stone is never done on the streets, but always at the stone yards. Therefore, it is very rare that further preparation is needed at the work. A thick metaling (or surfacing) is preferred, provided the proper camber of the lower layer is made by its partial incorporation with the subsoil. In special cases, however, resource is had to a bed made of rock or other suitable material. " 'Second. --Gutter stones are placed each side of the roadway to receive the water from storms, but for keeping the metaling in position the earth walls furnish sufficient support. " 'Thire. [Third] -- In shaping the roadway in Paris clay is admitted sparingly in the lower bed, but only in case of absolute necessity. Clay is never admitted in the superficial covering or where it can absorb water. " 'Fourth. --It is true that the prolonged use of a light roller is, to a certain extent, equivalent to the more limited use of a heavy one. It is necessary to remark, however, that it is not sufficient to compact the superficial coating only, but the deep bedding must be compacted also. " 'For example, on the same kind of subsoil a roller which was heavy enough to compact throughout a thickness of eight inches of gravel, would compact but four inches of broken stone. For this reason the considerations which guide in the choice of a roller are, the nature of the subsoil, the thickness of the foundations, and the nature of the material employed in making the road. " 'In Paris, steam road rollers are almost exclusively employed, weighing from 18 to 30 tons, and light rollers are only used on small jobs and light work. " 'Will you accept the expression of my best sentiments, " 'CHAS. TAVERRINER.' " Mr. Collingwood further says: "The specifications contain a few items in addition as to the character of the materials to be furnished. "All sand is refused which contains traces, even, of earth or clay. " 'Silicious gravel is preferred where it can be obtained, with a grain of not less than two-tenths of an inch or more than six-tenths of an inch. (These are used in cheaper roads.) "All stone for the best class of roads must be broken and screened in such manner that the largest pieces shall pass in all directions through a 2 1/2-inch ring, and the smallest shall not pass through a quarter-inch ring. This excludes all dust from the roads. "All stones; without exception, must present angular faces and sharp edges. " 1890 THE ENGINEERING RECORD. 31 ANNUAL REPORTS. OMAHA MUNICIPAL REPORTS for the year 1889; George W. Tillson, City Engineer. These reports come in quite a handsome dress this year for a city document, being well printed on good paper, and full bound in sheep. Two large maps of the city, accompanying the report of the City Engineer, are in a separate pamphlet, one showing the existing sewers, and the other the completed paving -- the different kinds of pavement being indicated by different colors. Two streets have been paved with Galesburg, Ill., brick, on a 6-inch concrete foundation, for $2.14 per square yard, and a contract has since been made for $2.03 per square yard. The cost of street sweeping, done by contract is 82 cents per thousand square yards, the streets being swept weekly. REPORT OF THE CITY SURVEYOR, CITY OF MONTREAL, for the year 1889; Percival W. St George, City Surveyor. Considerable first-class paving has been laid in Montreal during the year, consisting of sheet asphalt, Sicilian rock asphalt, and tamarac and granite blocks on concrete foundations. The tamarac block cost, for contract work, $2.35 to $2.40 per square yard. The city authorities seem to have had the usual trouble in compelling the street railway companies to pay their share of the expense of repaving, and the necessary cost of grading and shifting of tracks. The report states, referring to the cleaning of streets, that "it was done chiefly by horse scrapers and revolving brooms, at a cost of $43,011. The asphalt pavements were washed with a hose every night, and men swept the horse droppings during the day into orderly bins, which bins are emptied by carts twice or three times a day." In the appendix is given a table showing the results of observations on the amount of traffic on different streets for vehicles of different weights, and the average tons per day for each foot width of street; also a table of tests upon 29 different brands of British, foreign and Canadian cements for times varying from 7 to 100 days. FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BOARD OF SEWER COMMISSIONERS FOR THE CITY OF NEW LONDON, CONN., for the year ending June 6, 1890. This report includes the annual report of the Engineer, W. H. Richards. During the year a little over two miles of sewer have been laid. The 8-inch pipe sewer, with average cut of 5.3 to 8.9 feet, cost, by contract, from $2 cents to $1 per lineal foot; the 10-inch sewer with average cut of 7.2 to 98.5 feet, cost from 95 cents to $1.10 per lineal foot; and the 12-inch sewer, with average cut of 4 feet and 9 feet, cost $1 and $1.20 per lineal foot. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, August, 1890. A valuable paper by William H. Burr, M. Am. Soc. C.E., upon "The River Spans of the Cincinnati and Covington Elevated Railway, Transfer and Bridge Company," appears in this number. The central one of the three river spans composing the structure is 550 feet in length, with 84 feet depth of trusses, being the greatest and also the heaviest non-continuous truss span yet constructed. The bridge carries a double-track railroad, with two roadways and two sidewalks. The river piers for central span rest upon wooden caissons, sunk by the pneumatic process to about 53 feet below low water in the Ohio, the foundations being upon bed rock. Much trouble was experienced in the erection of the central span from freshets in the river, the false work, traveler and nearly 700,000 pounds of iron and steel work having finally been swept away in the freshet of August 26, 1888. The method adopted for preventing a repetition of this disaster during the re-erection of false work and central span is fully described in the paper. The specifications of the main span are given in full. This number of the Transactions also contains a paper by Charles B. Brush, M. Am. Soc. C.E., describing a method adopted for obtaining brine from beds of rock salt near Syracuse, N.Y., which are over 1,200 feet below the surface. Wells consisting of double tubes were driven down to the salt strata, and pipe connections made with the Tully lakes, three miles away and 420 feet above their mouth. A stream of fresh water is thus forced down the inner tube, becomes nearly saturated with salt, and flows back through the annular space between the tubes to suitable reservoirs, for use at Syracuse. Frantz A. Velschow, C.E., also contributed a paper, giving a new theory of his own "On the Cause of Trade Winds." Correspondence. Communications giving information or opinions on matters of general interest to the engineer, the architect, the contractor, or the municipal officer, will be welcomed in this column. Fairness will suggest that when communications are sent simultaneously to this and other journals we should be informed of it at the time. Anonymous letters will not be noticed. A FEW HINTS ON CEMENT. A SUBSCRIBER sends us the following observations based on his experience: "Cement with its many admixtures of sand and other 'aggregates' is one of the most important materials entering into the construction of nearly all departments of engineering. "The rigid enforcement of mechanical tests, and in some foreign countries, a chemical test, which, in the writer's opinion, should be the rule and not the exception, has brought the cement industry to a high standard. "It is desirable that some uniform method of testing cement be adopted whereby the interest of the manufacturer should receive as much protection as that of the consumer. "Probably more injustice is done to the manufacturer by the use of fine sand of a quicksand nature, or sand of a loamy nature, or loam mixed with gravel or broken stone, than in any other way, and it is here suggested that a standard sand be specified in specifications, and a method both mechanical and chemical employed to test its quality. "A good cement is sometimes temporarily condemned when investigation proves the cement to be up to standard while the sand is anything but desirable. A simple test for sand, which can be performed on the work without waiting for the mechanical test, is to place a tablespoonful of the sample to be tested in a small wine glass or test tube, and add to this three or four tablespoonfuls of a solution of hydrochloric acid, the acid solution being 4 parts water to 1 of acid. If no reaction, effervescence, etc., occurs, the sand may be used, but should there by a perceptible effervescence it should be regarded with suspicion. "This is a point which, in the writer's experience and observations, has not received the attention upon actual construction which it should. "A few experiments with glass lamp chimneys will satisfy the engineer that cement expands in setting under water, while in air it contracts. "In this connection the writer would say that he has never been successful in making a perfect bond between brick masonry and cement concrete when water-tight work was required. For instance, sewers are sometimes built with a brick invert several rings in thickness, and the arch turned with but one ring of brick, upon which is placed cement concrete, the bond between this 4-inch ring and cement concrete does not remain perfect. This may be due to unequal settlement, too light centers, etc.; but it seems to be equally as reasonable to presume it to be caused by the expansion or contraction of the cement concrete at the joint of contact with a 4-inch brick arch, and the resulting sliding action of the cement concrete by that of the adjoining brick surface. "For a foundation, where cheapness, durability, strength, etc., are the requisites, cement concrete is an excellent material when property made and rammed into position. Probably no branch of masonry construction requires so much painstaking care, and thorough knowledge of just what is required and how to accomplish it, as the proper manipulation of cement concrete." (Our correspondent is undoubtedly right in urging uniformity in methods of testing. This whole subject was exhaustively reported upon in 1885 by an able committee of the American Society of Civil Engineers. The method recommended by them was intended to furnish reasonably uniform results, and to be capable of use in all localities. It will be seen that they recommend tests of both neat cement and cement and sand. The sand recommended is specifically described, and tests with any other can only be of comparative value, and should not necessarily condemn a cement. Our correspondent's remarks on this point would indicate that the kind of sand to be used should be specified and a test applied to it as well as the cement. The chemical test has not been usually applied to cements, for the reason that the physical tests, intelligently made, virtually expose the same defects, which are the presence of too much free lime, too much sulphur, or too much magnesia. Undoubtedly a full knowledge of the chemical character of a cement would enable an earlier determination of the probable behavior of a cement to be made; but in the hands of unscientific men, a chemical method would be liable to great abuse. The changes in dimension of cements in setting are well known. These, with certain admixtures of cement and sand are, however exceedingly small; and, as all cements have, when set, an elastic reaction, it is questionable whether with bricks properly wet, and good materials and work there would be any separation such as is mentioned. ED. ENGINEERING RECORD.) *Foot note Vol. XV, and XVI, Transactions American Society Civil Engineers. ABERDEEN APARTMENT HOUSE, ST. PAUL,. SEATTLE, WASH., December 1, 1890 To the Editor of The Engineering Record; SIR; In the current number (November 22) of THE ENGINEERING RECORD I notice an illustration of the "Aberdeen Apartment" building, and credited to "Clarence H. Johnston, architect." It was planned, designed and completed during the partnership of "Willcox & Johnston," architects, and not Clarence H. Johnston, there being no such firm in existence at the time. Please correct in succeeding number, and oblige. WILLIAM H. WILLCOX. MUNICIPAL LIGHTING. An interesting question, which is likely to assume something of a political aspect, will be presented to the Massachusetts Legislature this winter. It is whether towns and cities should be allowed to establish their own electric and gas plants for lighting streets and for commercial sale. Last winter, according to the Boston Advertiser, such a bill passed the lower branch of the Legislature. It was toward the end of the session, and when the measure reached the Senate it was referred to the next general court, which leaves it in line for consideration this winter. The opinion of the Supreme Court was asked by the House of Representatives regarding the right of the Legislature to pass a bill granting this privilege, and the reply of the Court was emphatically in favor of it. Since the Legislature adjourned, the town of Peabody has taken the initial steps to establish an electric plant of its own, and on an injunction, the case is now before the Supreme Court, which is called upon to decide, not the question submitted to it by the Legislature, but the further question whether cities and town[s] have a right to put in these plants and incur indebtedness therefor without affirmative action by the Legislature. It is pointed out that there are large investments throughout the State by gas and electric lighting companies which ought not to be ruthlessly destroyed. On the other hand, the impression is general that the cost of this service to the people is beyond what a reasonable profit would demand, and many towns and cities are seriously considering the establishment of independent plants as soon as the legal points involved are definitely settled. The bill which passed the House last year provided for the purchase, on appraised value, of existing plants by the cities and towns. On this point will come the great bone of contention, providing the Supreme Court decides in the Peabody case that towns and cities have no right to proceed except by and under a special statute. WATER POWER OF ST. LOUIS RIVER, DULUTH. This large, but little known, water power has recently passed from the hands of Jay Cook and his associates, by whom it has been held for a number of years in an undeveloped condition, into the possession of a syndicate composed of several citizens of Duluth and a number of Eastern and English capitalists. A recent number of the Duluth Times gives an extended account of the water power and of its capabilities, from which the following data are obtained. The purchase price was $1,000,000, which covers, besides the water power, several thousand acres of land lying on both sides of the river, and extending along the Dalles of the St. Louis from Fond-du-Lac to above Thompson, a distance of some eight miles. The company are said to contemplate expending a million dollars more in the development and improvement of the property. In that distance of eight miles the river falls 443 feet, 146 feet of which are within one mile and 255 feet in a little over two miles. According to the measurements of Mr. Birkenbine, of Philadelphia, if the whole fall of the water could be utilized, a water power of 44,300 horse-power could be obtained in winter, the time of low water, on the basis of a flow of 1,200 cubic feet per second and a water wheel efficiency of 73.3 per cent.; and 88,600 horse-power could be obtained for the ordinary summer flow. Mr. Francis estimated the water-power of the river for a minimum flow of 2,000 cubic feet per second, with an assumption that 300 feet only of the fall could be utilized, which would give a theoretical horse-power could be realized by the use of ordinary water wheels. Either of these low water estimates give considerably over twice as much power as can be realized at Minneapolis with a low water flow of the Mississippi of 4,000 cubic feet per second as stated, and the fall of 54 feet now utilized, and nearly four times the permanent water power of the Merrimac at either Lowell or Lawrence. It is claimed that with a little dredging of an occasional sand bar 25 feet of water can be carried for 15 miles up the St. Louis River from Duluth harbor, or nearly to Fond-du-Lac, giving fine dockage facilities for the largest vessels that sail the great lakes.32 The Engineering Record December 13 Domestic Plumbing Heating Lighting&Ventilation Engineering STEAM HEATING IN THE PLAZA HOTEL, NEW YORK. PART II.--SYSTEM IN LAUNDRY AND DRY ROOM, DETAILS IN DRY ROOM, AND STEAN COILS IN HOT CHAMBER.* FIGURE 6 is a diagram plan, not to scale, of the laundry and adjacent dry room (L and M, Fig. I, page 12) in the basement. Hot and cold water is supplied through pipes L and M, respectively, live steam through N and exhaust steam through O. All pipes except branches Q Q are overhead, suspended from the ceiling, and the risers from the different machines are indicated by solid black circles. A A, etc., are nonpariel power washing machines. B B power centrifugal wringers. C C, etc., rinsing tubs. F F, etc., are common kitchen laundry tubs, half of which are provided with perforated steam pipes. K, K, etc., are bins for the reception of soiled linen. H H are steam heated French power mangles. I is a collar and cuff ironing machine. J is a lace curtain ironer, which consists essentially of a large hollow iron cylinder mounted on hollow trunnions through which steam is received to heat the cylinder. G is a starch kettle, and D D are steam traps. The machines in the laundry are driven from countershafts that are operated by a special steam engine. Adjacent to the laundry is the dry room, fitted with patent racks (omitted in Fig. 6) that are suspended from overhead tracks T T, etc., on which they travel from the room P to the hot chamber R, where the clothes are dried over the large steam coils U. These racks are 12 feet long b y 7 feet 6 inches high and 11 inches and 18 inches wide. Figure 7 is a perspective from Y, Fig. 6, showing position of overhead tracks T T, etc., and the 20 racks A A, etc., one of which is shown partly withdrawn into room P, Fig. 6, to be filled or emptied; while the rest are in the hot chamber R, for which the panels B form a tight partition from room P. The ventilating flues are omitted. Figure 8 is a section of Z Z, Figs. 6 and 7, showing a section of the coil radiator U and the pit in which it is contained, and the sheathing C that, with the panels B, partitions off hot chamber Q from room P. Figure 9 is a general view of the radiator, coils U U', Figs. 6 and 8. They receive live or exhaust steam through A from pipes G and H, Fig. 3, page 13, and it returns together with condensation water, through pipes B B. U' is a small radiator with only four coils. U has headers C C of 5-inch pipe about 12 feet long, tapped to receive about 50 coils, D, of 1 1/4-inch pipes about 10 feet long connected by three return bends each. The coils are separated and supported by the 1 1/2-inch pipe rollers E E, etc., which allow temperature movements; the lowest roller is supported by a pedestal bar set in the ground and having a saddle head. G is the trench in which the main pipe lines are carried through the cellar. I is a 6-inch exhaust main to and H a 12-inch from the boiler feed water heater. I J J, etc., are relief pipes, etc., not connected with this portion of the system. Figure 10 is a section at X X, Fig. 9, and shows the details of construction of frames A, Figs. 6, 7 and 8, and the arrangement of rollers R R, etc., on the tracks T. W W, etc., are the galvanized hooks from which the clothes are suspended. The dry room and laundry are fitted with machinery supplied by Oakley & Keating, 40 Cortlandt Street, New York. (To Be Continued.) ______________________ The members of the Builders' Exchange, of Grand Rapids, Michigan, have petitioned the Common Council for the appointment of Building Inspectors. This, of course, involves the enforcement of a building law, a most necessary work on the part of the municipal government of any city. ___________________________________________________________________ Part I., General Description, Cellar Plan, Boiler Room, Boiler Feed Water Heater and Boiler Setting, was published December 6. THE METHOD OF PROPORTIONING RADIATING SURFACES. BY R. C. CARPENTER, ITHACA, N. Y. (Concluded from page 417, Vol. XXII.) THIS formula, several years ago, led me to suspect that radiating surface might be proportioned from outside wall surface only. This seemed the more reasonable, since windows occupy about one-twelfth the surface of the outside or exposed wall in small buildings. Taking Hood's formula, as given by Nason, and substituting for t - f, 70 degrees, and for T - t, 100, which makes the formula applicable for hot water heating in zero weather, we have, on reduction, S=.41[1.279(G + O/20) + 5P] = .52(G + O/20) + 2.05P. If the glass is equal to one-twelfth the outside wall surface the formula becomes. S = 2.08/30.00 times outside wall surface, plus 2.05 P. The number of people that can comfortably occupy a room may be taken as one to every 12 square feet of out- side wall. Making this substitution, S becomes equal to 72/300 of the outside wall surface. This is nearly equal to one-fourth. From this I made up the following rule: For hot water heating make the radiating surface equal to one-fourth of that of the exposed wall surface, making no extra count for windows or doors. Some time after that I saw a method by Mr. Hogan, which, when reduced, gave for the radiating surface 7/30 of the exposed wall sur- 1890 The Engineering Record. 33 face. This rule differs by less than 2 per cent. from the one previously mentioned. I have never seen the reason- ing explained which led Mr. Hogan to adopt the rule stated, and he gives it in terms depending on the length of the room. Practical experience in the application of the rule has not, however, proved satisfactory. It gives in some in- stances absurd proportions, but is no doubt an improve- ment over the one to forty method, as the outside wall is, in a measure, proportional to the heat required. There are, however, various conditions which tend to require heat, somewhat in proportion to cubic contents. A large room with small outside* surface will often need more radiating surface than is provided by this rule; on the other hand, it will give too much for some rooms with a great deal of outside surface. The following tables are of interest as showing the pro- portions in common use, but I think we shall see that the original rule of Tredgold, modified by recent experiments, is the most nearly universal and the most satisfactory of all that have been devised: RADIATING SURFACE IN COMMON USE. Hood, in his third edition of "Warming and Ventila- tion," gives the results in columns 3 and 4 as the proportions in common use in England for hot-water heating. =========================== Kind of Building Temperature Length of 4' required. inch pipe to each 1,000 cu. ft. ________________________________________________________________________________________ degs. Dwelling rooms. . . . . . 65 " " . . . . . . . . 70 Churches and large public halls. . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Halls, shops, working rooms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 to 60 Greenhouses . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 " " . . . . . . . . . . 65 to 70 " " . . . . . . . . . . . 70 to 75 Hothouses . . . . . . . . . . 80 ===========================34 THE ENGINEERING RECORD. DECEMBER 13 Second,- Required to warm a room in a dwelling to 70° Fahr., by low-pressure steam, indirect heating. Suppose the room be 20x13 by 10 feet high, one outside door, with 3 windows, each containing 16 square feet. In this case we must take, as previously explained, [?]ths the cubis contests are 2,400 cubic feet, of which [?]ths equal 103; 3 windows, each 16 makes 48; multiplied by [?] makes 72; 3 + 1 - 4; multiplied by 11 equals 44. The sum equals 219. For steam ⅓ of this equals 73 square feet-or about 1 to 33. The above rule is submitted because it is founded on scientific principles, and so far as the writer can determine, gives by its application results which accord well with the best practice of the present time. ELECTRIC MOTORS (Concluded from page 14.) THE stationary motor, made by the United Electric Traction Company, 115 Broadway, New York, shown in Fig.34. It has a cast field piece and wrought iron cores. The frame is designed to give a short magnetic circuit. The motor is an ordinary shunt-wound motor with a starting coil, also wound on a frame, which is in series with the armature until the latter attains its speed, whereupon it is cut out, and the motor, working on its shunt alone, is self-regulating. A large number of these motors are said to be in use in different places for every possible kind of work, where motive power is required, which shall be easily controlled and practically of constant speed. The armature is of the Gramme ring type. The arrangement adopted for the machine gives it a low center of gravity and, consequently, stability. A PUBLIC celebration marked the opening of the fine new bridge over the Genessee River, at Rochester, N. Y. It is a single-span bridge, 717 feet in length and 212 feet above bed of river. The surveys were made by City Sur. vevor Peacock, the superstructure was built by Rochester Bridge Works; the masonry by Chambers & Casey. L. L. Buck, of New York, was designer and Chief Engineer. Fig. 34.-UNITED ELECTRIC TRACTION COMPANY'S MOTOR. TRADE PUBLICATIONS. A TIN ROOF. A PAMPHLET bearing the above title has just been sent out by Messrs, Merchant & Co., of Philadelphia, Pa. It briefly reviews the method of manufacturing tin roofing by either the flat seam or standing seam methods. THE National Hot Water Heater Company, of Boston and Chicago, makers of the Spence hot-water boiler, sent out a Thanksgiving week circular advertising their boiler. In connectio with it they direct attention to their radiator bronze and bronze and bronze liquid. Novelties. Devices are described under this head purely and strictly as news; because believed to be now and calculated to interest readers. In no case is pay accepted, directly or indirectly, for publishing a novelty notice. As the subjects are selected for their supposed novelty and interest merely, it will, of course, be understood that the selection does not imply endorsement. COMPENSATING FRICTION HOIST. FIGURE 1 is a plan and Fig. 2 an elevation of a machine designed to compensate the frictional wear on the contact wheels of a hoisting machine. COMPENSATING FRICTION HOIST The main shaft A carries pulleys B B, which run continually, and can drive friction wheels C C. The frame D has slots E E, through which bolts F F secure the journal boxes G G. The latter are set longitudinally by screws H H. Levers I I are journaled at J J in the boxes G G and carry eccentric journal boxes K K for the loose shaft L, to which are keyed friction wheels C C and the winding drums. The other ends of the levers I I have rack segments M M, engaging pinion segments N N, which are fixed to levers O O and pivoted at P P. When the winding drum is to be driven, the levers O O are depressed and revolve the shaft L towards the left about centers J J, so as to force the wheels C C and B B together, and the load is hoisted. Conversely, raising O O stops or lowers the load. By loosening the bolts F F and adjusting the screws H H, the journal boxes G G may be set to the left so as to take up any loss due to frictional wear. The hoist has been patented by Ebenezer McLane, Galena, Kan. CONTRACTING INTELLIGENCE For works for which proposals are requested see also the "Proposal Columns," pages1-2-36. WATER. For Additional Water items see Proposal Columns. LIBERTY, NEB.-Bonds have been voted to the amount of $1,500 for the purpose of constructing a system of water-works in this village. The specifications are on file in my office. I will forward same to any contractor, on application, after the 15th of this month. There will be about 80 rods of main to be laid. Water will be furnished by windmill works with tank of perhaps 1,000 barrels. W. E. Wood, Village Clerk. PTTSVILLE, PA.- The Pottsville Chronicle is agitating for the purchase of the water-works plant by the municipality, alleging old and worn out condition of the mains, inadequate fire protection, and turning off water without notice to consumers. TORONTO, O.-"The contract for furnishing one vertical direct acting duplex differential pumping engine and two boilers, each 5 feet diameter, and 14 feet long, return tubular, for the water works, building under direction of John D. Cook, Consulting Engineer, has been awarded to the Gordon Steam Pump Company, of Hamilton, O., for the sum of $12,640." SELLWOOD, ORE.-Richard Leaman writes: "Regarding the water-works, nothing will be done until next lune." LITITZ, PA.-The Town Clerk at this place writes: "There have no definite steps been taken regarding water-works. Stand pipes seem to be the popular ida as developed so far." MONTGOMERY, MINN.-Recorder F. Breck writes: "Will not commence water-works construction until spring." PERTH AMBOY, N. J.-Reports say that a system of water-works is to be established at this place at once. CRAWFORD, n. j.-It is probable that a system of water-works will be established at this place in the spring. For particulars address N. R., Foster, as above. UNIONTOWN, ALA.-The officials of this city will petition the Legislature for authority to issue $25,000 of bonds for constructing a system of water-works. SHEFFIELD, ALA.-Reports say that a bill will be introduced in the Legislature authorizing this city to issue $130,000 of bonds to construct and operate a system of water-works. NEW CANAAN, CONN.-The project of furnishing a water service for this place is under consideration. KITTANNING, PA.-Reports say that the water company at Kittanning contemplates putting in 2,000,000 gallon pumping engines in the spring, to take the place of those of 700,000 gallons now used. UNION, IOWA.- The proposition to establish water-works at this place has been defeated. MARION, DAK.-The officials of this place are discussing the question of making tests, with a view of establishing a system of water-works. SEYMOUR, TEX.-Reports say that work on the water-works and electric light plants will shortly commence. PHILADELPHIA, PA.-Director Wagner has suggested to the Council's Committee on water that an ordinance be passed requiting all manufacturers to use water meters in their establishments. BOISE CITY, IOWA.-The bid of the Boise Water-Works to furnish water for fire hydrants at $8 each per annum, the city to furnish and own the hydrants, and the company to place them in position at their own expense, has been accepted by the City Council, at the Council agreeing to take 30 hydrants at that price for one year. The City Attorney has also been instructed to draw up contract with the Artesian Water Company for 20 hydrants at the price fixed by the Council-i. e., $25. GALVESTON, TEX.-The bid of J. P. Miller, of Chicago, at $75,000 for sinking artesian well, has been accepted. DUBLIN, GA.- The water-works project at this place is still unsettled, the matter being in the hands of the Mayor, L., S. Stubbs. CONTRACTING NEWS DEPARTMENT. A WEEKLY RECORD OF SPECIAL INTEREST TO CONTRACTORS, BUILDERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF ENGINEERING AND BUILDING SUPPLIES THE ENGINEERING RECORD, 277 Pearl Street, New York. December 12, 1890. WATER. ROCHESTER, VT.-City Clerk Peter Sheridan writes: "The Committee on Water-Works are securing options on water rights and have not reported yet." GALVESTON, TEX.- Our correspondent writes "This city has contracted for an artesian well to go to a depth of 3,000 feet for fresh water, at a cost of $75,000. DENTON, TEX.-City Clerk F. A. Tompkins writes: "The contract has been let to W. J. Williams and associates, to build and operate a system of water-works and electric light plant." MERIDEN, CONN.- The bids for furnishing the 20-inch cast iron pipe to run from the new storage reservoir to connect with the present 16-inch water main, were opened December 10 at the office of Engineer Bishop. Proposals were received from the following concerns: R. D. Wood & Co., Philadelphia; Warren Foundry and Machine Co., Phillipsburg, N. J.; McNeil Pipe and Foundry Company, Burlington, N. J.; Mellert Foundry and Machine Co. (Lim.), Reading, PA: Gloucester Iron Works, Philadelphia; Chas. Miller & Sons, Utica, N. Y. R. D. Wood & Co.'s bid was to furnish the 20-inch pipe and appurtenances of the best quality cast iron, delivered on board the cars at Meriden at $27.20, $27.22 and $27.23, respectively. The amount of pipe required will aggregate about 2,000 tons and will be delivered from April 1 to August 1, 1891. There will also be required a large quantity of special castings, and R. D. Wood & Co.'s bid on this was $53.50 per ton, and the bids of the other parties run up to $56.00 per ton. There were also received at the same time five bids to supply the pumping plant called for in the specifications. The bids on the pumping apparatus varied from $14,000 to $37,000, and were made by the following parties; Knowles Steam Pump Co., of Boston; Henry R. Worthington, of New York; Deane Pump Co., of Holyoke, Mass.; A. J. L. Lauretz, of Brooklyn N. Y.; Eastern Branch of Gordon & Maxwell Co., of Philadelphia. CANTON, S. D.-The following bids for the construction of a system of water-works were received by A. A. Richardson, C. E., Lincoln, Neb., December 1: Porter Boiler Manufacturing Company, Chicago, [?]., stand-pipe and boiler, $4,990; U. S. Wind Engine and Pump Company, Omaha, pipe, $30.70 per ton;specials, $54 per ton; valves, $260, Tamaqua Manufacturing Company, Tamaqua, Pa., 44 hydrants, $29 each; National Brass and Iron Works, Dubuque, Iowa, 1 pump, 12x7x12, $600. Balance of bids rejected. WARREN, ILL.,-The project to establish a system of water-works at this place has been defeated. PORTLAND, ME.-The sum of $2,000 has been appropriated at this place for additional hydrants. EDWARDSVILLE, ILL.-Reports state that a water famine is prevailing at this place. If the reports are correct it is probable that steps will be taken looking to an increase of the supply. CONCORD, N. H.-The survey for water-works between Great Pond, Boscawen and this city was completed by Foss & Merrill, of this city. By their survey the line is 6,000 feet shorter than by the route formerly proposed. CLEVELAND, O.-At a meeting of the Water Board, held December 6, the engineer was instructed to advertise for bids to be received before December 20, for a patented device for tapping water mains under pressure. JENKINTOWN, PA.-The question of extending the water-works will be voted on December 12. WALL LAKE, IOWA.-A $2,000 system of water-works is talked of. HEBRON, NEB.-The new $1,100 well for the water-works will be 20 feet in diameter and 34 feet deep. HANOVER, MASS.-It is reported that the Abington and Rockland Water Company will furnish Hanover and part of Norwell with water. MADISON, DAK.-A new artesian well is being talked of. GAINESVILLE, FLA., is agitating the question of a new water-works. AMHERSTBURG, ONT., has voted for a $27,000 water-works. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.-The officials of this city are considering the matter of issuing bonds in the sum of $75,00 for making projected water-works extensions. President Davis, of the Board of Public Works, can furnish particulars. SIOUX CITY, IA.-The latest development in the water-works situation at this place is an application from Messrs. Wagner and Monjeau, of the National Water Supply Co., of Cincinnati, O., asking that their method of water supply be investigated by the city officials. Particulars can be obtained by addressing Superintendent Sullivan, of the Water-Works Department. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.-By telegraph to THE ENGINEERING RECORD, December 10, 1890. Bids for 4,072 tons of water pipe were opened to-day by Andrew Rinker, City Engineer, as follows; Dennis Long & Co., Louisville, $2,840; Addyston Pipe and Steel Co., Cincinnati, $2,750; Stickle, Harrison & Howard Iron Works, Philadelphia, Pa., $3,187; Lake Shore Foundry, Cleveland, $2,960; National Foundry and Pipe Works, Scottsdale, Pa., $2,810; West Superior Iron and Steel Works, $2,850. Contract was awarded to the Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. Hydrants to R. D. Wood & Co., Philadelphia, Pa., $3,650. Specials to Lockwood, Upton & Co., Minneapolis, at 2¼ cents. 125 valves to Mohawk and Hudson Manufacturing Co., N. Y., $12.75 to $525. SHELDON, IOWA.-Our correspondent writes: "Thus far none of the offers made our city for water-works have been accepted. The matter is still open and any propositions will be duty considered." VALDOSTA, GA.-The Town Clerk at this place, writes as follows: "There has been nothing done towards erecting water-works. Don't suppose there will be until another election is called, as there seems to have been some little irregularity in the one held some time ago. There will not likely be another election called to determine the matter of bonds until after the municipal election in February, 1891." NEW CASTLE, PA.-An ordinance has been referred to the Finance Committee, of the Common Council which, if adopted, will submit to the people of this place the question of increasing the bonded indebtedness in the sun of $100,000, for the purpose of establishing a system of water-works. Mr. Fallis can furnish particulars. MILLEDGEVILLE, GA.-The people of this place voted, December 9. to expend the sum of $100,000 on establishing a system of water-works. Mayor Cline can furnish particulars. OKLAHOMA CITY, I. T.-Our correspondent informs us that the people of this place have voted to establish a system of water-works. WATER-WORKS.-See our Proposal Columns for information regarding water-worksand water-works furnishings at the following places; Cincinnati, O. Hot Springs, A. K. SEWERAGE. For Additional Sewerage items see Proposal Columns NEWTON, MASS.-The Joint Special Committee on Sewerage has recommended that the plan of the City Engineer be adopted. By the plans shown the system will cost $1,755,000. Charles F. Ross, Superintendent of Streets, can furnish particulars. NEWARK, O.-Numerous sewer extensions are to be made at this place. President Buchier, of the City Council, can furnish particulars. OMAHA, NEB.-The East Omaha Land Company has had plans made for a combination railway and wagon bridge to connect the company's lands and Council Bluffs. The estimated cost of the structure is $1,200,000. It is said that it is proposed to begin work as soon as a charter can be secured, and that an ordinance has already been introduced into the Council Bluffs Council granting the company terminal facilities on the Iowa side of the river MILWAUKEE, WAS.-The Board of Public Works is negotiating for right of way to build a temporary bridge on the east of First Avenue bridge, which is soon to be repaired. WESTMINSTER, B. C.-Efforts are being made to establish a bridge between this place and Lulu Island. Mayor Brown can furnish particulars. CHAPPEL HILL, TEX.-Reports say that a bridge is to be erected over the Yega River, at this place, by a local company. ARKPORT, N. Y.-Reports say that an iron bridge is to be erected at this place. WINONA, MINN.-The proposition to construct a permanent wagon bridge across the Mississippi by this city is to be discussed by the Board of Trade. BRIDGES.-See our Proposal Columns for information regarding bridge construction at the following places; Chicago, Ill; Hawkinsville, Ga.; Boston, Mass. NEW DEPOTS. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.-The Northern Pacific, Wisconsin Central, Minneapolis and St. Louis, the Soo, and other railroad companies, contemplate the construction of a new union depot here. GAS AND ELECTRIC LIGHTING. INDIANA, PA.-Information regarding the projected electric light plant at this place can be obtained by addressing Edward Rowe, as above. CORSICANA, TEXAS.- It is probable that an electric light plant will be established at this place at an early day. ASTORIA, ILL.-Reports say that on December 2 the City Council granted a 15-year electric light franchise to Henry Oviat. BIRMINGHAM, ALA.-The Union Electric Company has been incorporated at this place, with a capital stock of $50,000. SYRACUSE, N. Y.-It is probable that improvements will soon be made to the Local Electric Light plant. Alderman Small can give details. EAST AURORA, N. Y.-The East Aurora Electric Light Company is about to establish a plant at this place. The estimated expenditure is $12,000. Henry H. Persons is one of the incorporators. GENEVA, N. Y.-Reports say that another electric lighting plant is to be established at this place by local capitalists. GAINESVILLE, FLA.-There is a prospect of electric lights being introduced here soon. NEW CASTLE, PA.-The Committee of the Common Council appointed to ascertain what improvements should be made to the local lighting system, reports that 39 additional lights are necessary, and recommends that the lights be 2,000 candle-power are lights, and that the city advertise as early as possible for bids to furnish 75 2,000 candle-power are lights. For particulars, address Sobieski Lusk, as above. PHILADELPHIA, pA.-The Star, of this city, says: "Mayor Fitler indorses the proposition that the city should have its own plant for electric lighting, and it is understood will so recommend in his message to Councils." ELECTRIC RAILWAYS-New electric railways are projected and improvements are to be made to those already established at the following place: Corsicana, Texas. RAILROADS CANALS ETC. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.-Reports state that improvements, to cost $1,000,000 are to be made by the Duluth and Iron Range Rail way, within the next 18 months.36 THE ENGINEERING RECORD. December 13, 1890 DETROIT, MICH.—President Ledyard, of the Michigan Central, and Engineer Masson, of the Grand Trunk, and Richards, of the Lake Shore Railroads, have been in conference with the representatives of the local interests regarding an elevated crossing at Woodward Avenue. ELECTRIC RAILWAYS. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.—An electric line is proposed between this city and Anoka, about 18 miles distant. SIOUX FALLS, S.D.—Residents in the southern portion of the city are making efforts to establish an electric railroad. STREET WORK AND PAVING. NEWARK, O.—Considerable paving is to be done at this place. TACOMA, WASH.—The improvement of several streets of this city has been authorized by the City Council. President Hill, of the Council, can furnish particulars. LIMA, O.—It is proposed to issue bonds in a sufficient amount to undertake extensive paving improvements. Address Alderman Foley for particulars. DAYTON, O.—The City Engineer for this place is preparing plans of numerous street improvements. GOVERNMENT WORK. ROCKLAND, ME.—The following proposals for constructing a breakwater at this place were opened at the U. S. Engineer Office, by Jared A. Smith, Lieut.-Col. of Engineers, U. S. A., December 2: The figures given are for the following two items, in their respective order: Price per ton of 2,000 pounds for stone furnished and placed in breakwater; price per ton of 2,000 pounds for taking up and relaying 2,200 tons at shore end of breakwater. bidders: W. S. White, Rockland, Me., 78½ cents and 98½ cents; Bodwell, Smith & Co., Rockland, Me, 85 cents and 98 cents; J. F. Hamilton, Portland, Me., 81 cents and 65 cents; W. P. Hurley, Rockland, Me., 80 cents and 81 cents ; T. A. Rowe, Newton, Mass., 97 cents and 65 cents. The bid of W. S. White has been recommended for acceptance. WASHINGTON, D. C. —The following proposals were opened at this place on the given dates by the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department. Augusta, Ga.—Low-pressure steam heating apparatus for United States Custom House and Post Office. Opened December 9. Bidders: Crook, Horner & Co., Baltimore, Md., $8,590; Samuel I. Pope & Co., Chicago, Ill., $7,880; C. A. Robbe, Augusta, Ga., $8,963, John Lyon, Washington D. C., $7,527; Blake & Williams, New York City, $8,398. BURLINGTON, VT.—The following bids for furnishing rubble stone and constructing extension to breakwater at Rouse's Point, Lake Champlain, N.Y.: were received by M. B. Adams, Major of Engineers, November 24; Willard Johnson, Fulton, N. Y., $13,452.38; Edward H. French, Fulton, N. Y, $13,633.40; Halsey H. Rogers, Plattsburgh N. Y., $13,538.14. PROPOSALS. (Continued from page [11?] PROPOSALS FOR BREAKWATER,—U. S. Engineer Office, Duluth, Minn.—Sealed proposals, in triplicate, will be received at this office until 2 o'clock P. M., January 15, 1891, and then opened, for constructing 200 linear feet of BREAKWATER at AGATE BAY, MINN. Preference will be given to articles of domestic production or manufacture, conditions of quality and price being equal. The attention of bidders is invited to the Acts of Congress approved February 26, 1885, and February 23, 1887, Vol. 23, page 332, and Vol. 24, page 414, Statutes-at-Large. The United States reserves the right to reject any and all bids. All information may be obtained at this office. JAMES B. QUINN, Major, Corps of Engineers. 5 December 4, 1890. SEALED PROPOSALS WILL BE RECEIVED at the office of the Supervising Architect, Treasury Department, Washington, D. C. until 2 o'clock P. M. on the 5th day of January, 1891, for all the LABOR and MATERIALS required for the approaches to the U. S. Court House, Post-Office, etc., building at LOUISVILLE, KY, in accordance with the drawing and specification, copies of which may be had on application at this office or the office of the Superintendent. Each bid must be accompanied by a certified check for $500. The Department will reject all bids received after the time herein stated for the opening of the same; also, bids which do not comply strictly with all the requirements of this invitation. Proposals must be inclosed in an envelope, sealed and marked "Proposal for the Approaches to the U. S. Court-House, Post-etc., building at Louisville, Ky.," and addressed to JAS. H. WINDRIM, Supervising Architect. 2 [new column] [start here] PROPOSALS. U. S. ENGINEER OFFICE, CINCINNATI, Ohio, December 1, 1890.--Sealed proposals, in triplicate, will be received at this office until noon (standard time), January 5, 1891, for furnishing 358,000 feet B. M. OAK TIMBER for construction of dam across LITTLE KANAWHA River, near Burning Springs , W. Va., and 15,000 lineal feet hardwood timber, and 385,000 feet B. M. oak timber for construction of dam across Big Sandy River, W. Va. and Kentucky, near Louisa, Ky. The attention of bidders is invited to the Acts of Congress approved February 26, 1885, and February 23, 1887. Vol. 23, page 332, and Vol. 24, page 414, Statutes at Large. Specifications, blank forms, and information will be furnished on application to this office, or to B. F. Thomas, Assistant Engineer, Louisa, Ky. The United States reserves the right to reject any or all bids. D. W. LOCKWOOD, Major of Engineers. 5 UNITED STATES ENGINEER OFFICE, 34 West Congress Street, Detroit, Mich., November 28, 1890. - Sealed proposals, in triplicate for furnishing all MATERIALS AND LABOR and building the masonry of a lock at ST. MARY'S FALLS CANAL, MICH., will be received at this office until 2 o'clock P. M., January 27, 1891, and then publicly opened. Preference will be given to materials of domestic production or manufacture, conditions of quality and price (import duties included), being equal. Attention is invited to Acts of Congress approved February 26, 1885, and February 23, 1887. Vol. 23 page 332, and Vol 24, page 414. Statutes at Large. The Government reserves the right to reject any or all proposals; also to award the contract upon other considerations than the price. For further information apply at this office, or to the U. S. Engineer Office, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. O. M. POE, Colonel, Corps of Engineers, Bvt. Brig.-Gen., U. S. A. 5 PROPOSALS FOR DREDGING COCHECO River, New Hampshire. United States Engineer Office, Portland, Maine, December 8, 1890 -- Sealed proposals, in triplicate, for DREDGING in COCHECO RIVER, NEW HAMPSHIRE, will be received at this office, 537 Congress Street, until 3 P. M. of TUESDAY, December 30, 1890, and then opened. Attention is invited to Acts of Congress approved February 26, 1885, and February 23, 1887, Vol 23, page 332, and Vol. 24, page 414, Statutes at Large. All necessary information furnished by JARED A. SMITH, Lieut.-Col, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army. 4 PROPOSALS FOR PIER WORK, DREDGING, etc.--U. S. Engineer Office, Duluth, Minn.-- Sealed proposals, in triplicate, will be received at this office until 2 o'clock P. M., December 29, 1890, and then opened, for extending and remodeling shore ends and repairs to outer ends of canal PIERS, and DREDGING at GRAND MARAIS, MICHIGAN. Preference will be given to articles of domestic production or manufacture, conditions of quality and price being equal. The attention of bidders is invited to the Acts of Congress approved February 26, 1885, and February 23, 1887. Vol 23, page 332, and Vol. 24, page 414, Statutes at Large. The United States reserves the right to reject any and all bids. All information may be obtained at this office. JAMES B. QUINN, Major, Corps of Engineers. 3 PROPOSA[L]S FOR PILES, STONE, ROPE, Wire, Nails, Spikes and Screw Bolts.-- United States Engineer Office, Custom House, St. Louis, Mo., November 20, 1890.--Sealed proposals, in triplicate, will be received at this office until 12 o'clock [P.] M. on SATURDAY, December 20, 1890, for furnishing and delivering the following articles for use in improving the Mississippi River below ST. LOUIS, MO.: Piles, Stones, Manilla and Sisal Rope, Wire, Nails, Spikes and Screw Bolts. Preference will be given to articles of domestic production or manufacture, conditions of quality and price (import duties included) being equal. Specifications and blank forms for proposals will be furnished bidders on application. A. M. MILLER, Major, Corps of Engineers. PROPOSALS FOR PIER WORK, AND Dredging. U.S. Engineer Office, Duluth, Minn. Sealed proposals, in triplicate, will be received at this office until 2 o'clock P.M. December 22, 1890, and then opened for building SUPERSTRUCTURE and for DREDGING at ONTONAGON, MICHIGAN. Preference will be given to articles of domestic production or manufacture, conditions of quality and price being equal. The attention of bidders is invited to the Acts of Congress, approved February 26, 1885, and February 23, 1887. Vol 23, page 332 and Vol. 24, page 414, Statutes-at-Large. The United States reserves the right to reject any and all bids. All information may be obtained at this office. JAMES B. QUINN, Major, Corps of Engineers. 3 PROPOSALS FOR THE ERECTION OF A Cavalry Barrack. Office of the Quartermaster, U.S. Military Academy, WEST POINT, N.Y., December 1, 1890. Sealed proposals, in triplicate, subject to the usual conditions, will be received at this office, until 12 o'clock noon, on the 3[r]d day of January, 1891 for the erection of a Brick Cavalry BARRACK as per plans and specifications to be seen at this office. Inclose proposals in envelope marked "Proposals for Erection of Barrack," and addressed to the undersigned, W. H. MILLER, Captain and A. Q. M., U.S.A. 4 PROPOSALS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF breakwater and beacon at Little Harbor, N.H. Sealed proposals, in triplicate, for construction of BREAKWATER at LITTLE HARBOR, N.H., will be received at this office, No. 537 Congress Street, until 3 P.M. of TUESDAY, December 30, 1890, and then opened. Attention is invited to Acts of Congress approved February 26, 1885, and February 23, 1887, Vol 23, page 332, and Vol 24, page 414, Statues at Large. All necessary information furnished by JARED A. SMITH, Lieut. Col., Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army. 6-13-27 PROPOSALS. PROPOSALS FOR DREDGING IN NARRAGUAGUS River, Belfast Harbor, Camden Harbor, and dredging and removing ledge in Rockport Harbor, Maine, --United States Engineer Office, Portland, Me., December 1, 1890. Sealed proposals, in triplicate, for DREDGING in NARRAGUAGUS RIVER, Belfast Harbor, Camden Harbor, and for dredging and removing ledge in Rockport Harbor, Maine, will be received at this office, No. 537 Congress Street, until 3 P.M. of TUESDAY, December 30, 1890, and then opened. Attention is invited to Acts of Congress approved February 26, 1885, and February 23, 1887. Vol. 23, page 332, and Vol. 24, page 414, Statutes at Large. All necessary information furnished by JARED A. SMITH, Lieut., Col., Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army. 13-27 PROPOSALS FOR DREDGING. -- ENGINEER Office, U.S. Army, Newport, R.I., November 21, 1890. -- Sealed proposals, in duplicate, for DREDGING at Edgartown, Wareham and New Bedford Harbors, Mass.: Newport Harbor, Coaster's Harbor and Greenwich Bay, R.I.; Taunton River, Mass.; Pawtucket, Providence and Pawcatuck Rivers, R.I.; and Green Jacket Shoal, Providence Harbor, R.I., will be received at this office until 12 o'clock, noon, on MONDAY, the 22[n]d day of December, 1890, and then opened. The attention of bidders is invited to the Acts of Congress approved February 26, 1885 and February 23, 1887, Vol 23, page 332, and Vol. 24, page 414, Statutes-at-Large. The United States reserves the right to reject any or all proposals and to waiver any informalities. Full information will be furnished on application to this office. W. R. LIVERMORE, Major of Engineers. 3 CONSTRUCTION OF BREAKWATER AT Bridgeport, Conn. --Engineer Office, U.S. Army, Room H 7, Army Building, 39 Whitehall Street, New York, N.Y., December 16, 1890. -- Sealed proposals, in triplicate, for construction of a BREAKWATER at BRIDGEPORT, CONN., will be received at this office until twelve (12) o'clock noon, on THURSDAY, January 15, 1891. The attention of bidders is invited to Acts of Congress approved February 26, 1885, and February 23, 1887, Vol. 23 page 332, and Vol. 24, page 414, Statutes-at-Large. Further information can be obtained at this office. Applications should be indorsed on envelope "Official Business." D. C. HOUSTON, Colonel of Engineers. 6 DEWDGING AT WILSON'S PONT, CONN, -Engineer office, U.S. Army, Room H 7, Army Building, 39 Whitehall Street, New York, N.Y., December 26, 1890-Sealed proposals, in triplicate, for DREDGING at WILSON'S POINT, CONN., will be received at this office until twelve [12] o'clock noon, on THURSDAY, January 15, 1891. The attention of bidders is invited to the Act of Congress approved February 26, 1885, and February 23, 1887. Vol. 23, page 339, and Vol. 24, page 414. Status-at-large. Further information can be obtained at this office. Applications should be indorsed on the envelope "Official Business." D.C. HOUSTON. Colonel if Engineers. 6 ENLARGING JETTIES AT PORT JEFFERSON Inlet, N.Y. --Engineer Office, U.S. Army, Room H 7 Army Building, 39 Whitehall Street, New York, N.Y., December 16, 1890. -- Sealed proposals, in triplicate, for enlarging JETTIES at PORT JEFFERSON INLET, N.Y., will be received at this office until twelve (12) o'clock noon, on THURSDAY, January 15, 1891. The attention of bidders is invited to the Acts of Congress approved February 26, 1885, and February 23, 1887, Vol. 23, page 332, and Vol, 24, page 414, Statutes at Large. Further information, specifications, and forms of proposals can be obtained at this office. Applications should be indorsed on the envelope "Official Business" D.C. HOUSTON, Colonel of Engineers. 6 December 9, 1890. SEALED PROPOSALS WILL BE RECEIVED at the office of the Supervising Architect, Treasury Department, Washington, D.C. until 2 o'clock P.M., on the 6th day of January, 1891, for all the LABOR AND MATERIALS, required, and fixing in place complete, all the iron furring, lathing and plastering, ceiling light, etc., required for the U.S. Court-House, Post-Office, etc., building at DENVER, COLORADO, in accordance with the drawings and specifications, copies of which may be had on application at this office or the office of the Superintendent at Denver, Colorado. Each bid must be accompanied by a certified check for $200. The Department will reject all bids received after the time herein stated for opening the same; also, all bids which do not comply strictly with all the requirements of this invitation. Proposals must be inclosed in envelopes, sealed and marked, "Proposal for the Iron, Furring, Lathing, Plastering, etc., for the U.S. Court-House, Post Office, etc., building at Denver, Colorado." and addressed to JAS. H. WINDRIM, Supervising Architect. 3 November 28, 1890. SEALED PROPOSALS WILL BE RECEIVED at the office of the Supervising Architect, Treasury Department, Washington, D.C., until 2 o'clock P.M., on the 22[n]d day of December, 1890, for all the LABOR AND MATERIALS necessary to complete the approaches, mailing platform, post office lookout, etc., for the U.S. Court-House and Post-Office building at PITTSBURG, PA., in accordance with the drawings and specification, copies of which may be had on application at this office, or the office of the Superintendent at Pittsburg, Pa. Each bid must be accompanied by a certified check for $300. The Department will reject all bids received after the time herein stated for opening the same; also, all bids which do not comply strictly with all the requirements of this invitation. Proposals must be inclosed in envelopes, sealed and marked, "Proposal for Approaches, etc., for the U.S. Court-House and Post-Office, etc., buildings at Pittsburg, Pa.," and addressed to JAS. H. WINDRIM, Supervising Architect. 7 PROPOSALS. U.S. ENGINEER OFFICE, BURLINGTON, Vt., November 13, 1890. -- Sealed proposals, in duplicate, addressed to the undersigned will be received at this office until 11:30 o'clock, A.M., December 15, 1890, and then publicly opened, for furnishing 1,620 cubic yards of rubble stone, 1,783 cubic yards of large stone (one to three of 135 linear feet of extension to the BREAKWATER at GORDON'S LANDING LAKE CHAMPLAIN, VERMONT. Attention is invited to the Acts of Congress approved February 26, 1885 and February 23, 1887, Vol. 23, page 332, and Vol. 24, page 414, Statutes-at-Large. Detailed information can be had on application. M. B. ADAMS, Major of Engineers. 24-25-2 U.S. ENGINEER OFFICE, ARMY BUILDING, New York, December 5, 1890. -- Sealed proposals, in triplicate, will be received at this office until 12 o'clock noon, TUESDAY, January 20, 1891, at which place and time they will be publicly opened in the presence of bidders, for the manufacture of the mechanism of a GUN LIFT for a 12-inch high-power gun, and for its satisfactory erection at SANDY HOOK, N.J., in accordance with specifications and drawings which may be seen on application at this office. The attention of bidders is invited to the Acts of Congress, approved February 26, 1885, and February 23, 1887, Vol. 23, page 332, and Vol. 24, page 414, Statutes at Large. G.L. GILLESPIE, Lieut, Col. of Engineers. 5 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY, PITTSBURG, December 3, 1890 SEALED PROPOSALS WILL BE RECEIVED at the office of the City Controller until 2 o'clock P.M. on FRIDAY, December 26, 1890, for the erection of a Garbage FURNACE, on lot owned by the city of Pittsburg, on River Street, 19th Ward. Specifications and all information can be obtained from Charles Bickel, architect, Hamilton Building, 91 and 93 Fifth Avenue. Proposals must be accomplished by bond in double the amount of bid, with two sureties; said bond to be executed before the Mayor or City Clerk. The Department of Awards reserves the right to reject any or all bids. J.O. BROWN, 3 Chief, Department of Public Safety. PAVING BLOCK, Cambridge, Mass. -- Proposals are wanted until December 17, for supplying 300,000 paving blocks. Address Alvin F. Sortwell, Chairman Committee on Roads and Bridges, City Hall, as above. RESERVOIR, Hot Springs, Ark. -- Proposals are wanted until December 16, for furnishing labor and materials required in the construction of a reservoir at Hot Springs, and of a brick office building. Address John W. Noble, Secretary, Washington, D.C. BUILDING, Little Rock, Ark. -- Proposals are wanted until December 20, for the erection of an [expo?] building. Address Rickson & Thompson, Architects, as above. BUILDING, Plattsmouth, Neb. -- Proposals wanted until December 27, for the building and completion of a court house, to cost not more than $70,000. Address Bird Critchseld, County Clerk, Cass County, Neb. DREDGING, Portland, Me. -- Proposals are wanted until December 30, for dredging in Bellamy River, N.H. and Cocheco, River, N.H. Address Jared A. Smith, Lieut. Col. Corps of Engineers, U.S.A., as above. DREDGING, Quincy, Ill. -- Proposals are wanted until January 6, for dredging in Quincy Bay, Ill. Address Major E.H. Ruffner, U.S.A., as above. BRIDGE, Hawkinsville, Ga. -- Proposals are wanted until January 6, for the erection of a bridge over the Ocmulgee River, at this place. Address D.G. Fleming, Clerk County Commissioners, as above. RIPRAP, Newport, R.I. -- Proposals are wanted until January 3, for furnishing a quantity of riprap at Nantucket Harbor. Address Major W.R. Livermore, Mass. IRON BRIDGE, Boston, Mass. -- Proposals will be received by the City Engineer for building an iron bridge over the B.& A. R.R. at Ferdinand Street until December 24, when the bids will be opened. RAILROAD. -- Proposals are wanted for the Royal Slames, State Railways from capital of Bangkok to Bang-Pa-In, Aynthia, Saraburi and Korat, 268 kin. Address K. Bethge, Director General of Railways. LIGHTING, Bombay, India. -- Proposals are wanted until February 16, for an experimental street lighting plant. Address E.W. and R. Oliver, Corbet Court, London England. WANTED TOO LATE FOR CLASSIFICATION. WANTED. -- DRAUGHTSMAN FOR GENERAL mechanical work; familiarity with wrought-iron construction and hydraulics is preferred. Address in writing, giving details, CAMDEN IRON WORKS, 400 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Building Intelligence. BUILDING. -- There is nothing over $7,000 in value to report at the following places: Baltimore, Md.; Cambridge, O.; Binghamton, N.Y.; Saginaw, Mich.; Ogdensburg, N.Y.; Montclair, N.J.; Pottstown, Pa,; Cambridge, Mass.; Charleston, S.C.; Worcester, Mass.; Allegheny, Pa.; Harrisburg, Pa.; Geneva, N.Y.; Dennison, O.; Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; Wheeling, W.Va.; Dayton, O.; Topeka, Kan.; Chester, Pa.; Canton, O. (Continued on page xii.) 1890 THE ENGINEERING RECORD. xi INDUSTRIAL. DALLAS, TEXAS. -- It is reported that plans are afloat for a sanitarium at this place, to cost about $150,000; also for a seven story building for T. Scollard, to cost $100,000. COON RAPIDS, IOWA. -- Steps are being taken at this place to erect a packing house. MONTREAL, CANADA. -- The Clendinning Company has been incorporated here, with a capital stock of $500,000, for the purpose of operating rolling mills, and the manufacture of iron and the manufacture of iron bridges, water-works, hydraulic works, railway equipment etc. LANCASTER, PA. -- Three boilers of the Byers' Saw Mill, in this city, exploded December 6. SOUTH SUPERIOR, MINN. -- Reports say that a valuable Iron manufacturing plant is to be established at this place. Mr. McIntyre, of the Improvement Company, is said to be in possession of particulars regarding the project. YANKTON, S.D. -- The Yankton Portland Cement Company has been incorporated, with a capital of $500,000. It is proposed to erect a building for the manufacture of Portland cement, and it is probable that estimates on the edifice and the necessary machinery will soon be wanted. S.W. Swift is President of the company. GOVERNMENT WORK. RICHMOND, VA. -- Abstract of proposals for dredging and excavating rock from the channel of James River, Va., and for the construction of mattress dyke and jetties. Opened December 9, by William P. Craghill, Colonel Corps of Engineers, U.S.A.: TIME. EXCAVATE & DEPOSIT. CONSTRUCT. Disintegrated Solid Rock Disintegrated Solid Rock Disintegrated Solid Rock Gravel Solid Rock Course Sand Sand Clay Mattress Jetties Rock Cubic Cubic Rock Cubic Cubic Rock Cubic Cubic Cubic Cubic Cubic Cubic Cubic Dyke Lineal Yards. Yards. Yards. Yards. Yards. Yards. Yards. Yards. Yards. Yards. Yards. Lineal Feet. Feet. BIDDERS. Commerce. Complete. Alabama, Dredging and Jetty Company Mobile, Ala Feb.1891 Dec.1893 $1.35 $6.40 $1.35 $6.40 $1.35 X X $6.40 X X X X X James F. Bradley, Manchester, Va. Jan.1891 May1891 X X X X X X X X X X X $2.47 $2.84 L.A. Gay, Richmond, Va. Jan.1891 July1891 X X X X X X X X X X X 2.84 3.11 W.H. Curtis, Richmond, Va. Jan.1891 June1891 X X X X X X X X X X X 1.29 2.49 Chester T. Caler, Norfolk, Va. 10 days June1892 .45 2.25 .45 2.26 X X 24 1/4 c. 2.26 34 1/2 c. 16 1/8c. 50 1/2c. X X James T. Vaughan, Richmond, Va. At once Nov.1892 .47 2.40 .47 2.40 X X 26 c. 2.40 36 c. 17c. 53c. X X W.T. Gunn, Richmond, Va. At once Dec.1892 .40 2.00 .40 2.00 X X 24 c. 2.00 34 c. 16c. 50c. X X American Dredging Company, Philadelphia, Pa. Jan.1891 Dec.1892 .40 2.00 .40 2.00 1.50 $8.00 16 c. 2.00 28 c. 16c. 50c. 3.00 3.00 C.D. Langhorse, Richmond, Va. 30 days Dec.1892 .45 1.30 .45 1.10 1.45 6.15 20 c. 6.25 25 c. 16c. 50c. 3.00 3.00 O.J. Jennings, Fulton, N.Y. Apr.1891 --------- X X X X X 8.00 X X X X X X X A.M. Bangs, Fayetteville, N.Y. Jan.1891 May1891 X X X X X X X X X X X 2.57 2.29 Baltimore Dredging Company, Baltimore, Md. At once 1 year X X X X X X 24 3/10 c. X 34 1/8 c. 16 1/2 c. X X X GOVERNMENT WORK. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.--Abstract of pro- posals for building cribs at Grand Haven Har- bor, Mich., received in response to the at- tached advertisement dated October 31, 1890, and opened December 1, 1890, by Major William Ludlow, Corps of Engineers. U.S.A. BIDDERS Dredging 300 cubic yards, Foundation Piles 7,535 lineal Guard Piles, 480 lineal feet, Hemlock Timber, 371,580 White Pine Timber per cubic yard feet, per lineal foot per lineal foot ft. b.m., per M. ft. b.m. H.B. Herr & Co., Chicago, Ill. $1.00 $1.00 40 c. Char. Herner, Green Bay, Wis. .60 .95 22 Truman & Cooper, Manitowoc, Wis. .05 1.10 50 Knapp & Gillen, Racine, Wis. .25 .95 30 Edward G. Crosby, Muskegon, Mich. .50 .95 40 George W. Crouter, Charlevoix, Mich. .50 .95 28 C. Schwarz, Ford Howard, Wis. .95 .99 45 D.A. McLeod, Manistee, Mich. .95 .99 49 [?] Grand Rapids, Mich.- Abstract of proposals for building cribs as Manistee Harbor, Mich., received in response to the attached advertisement dated October 31, 1890, and opened December 1, 1890, by Major William Ludlow, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A. [?] Government Work. Charleston, Kanawha, W. Va. - Abstract of proposals for building Dam No. 7. of the Great Kanawha River Improvement. opened December 3: [?] Burlington, VT. - The following bids for blasting and removing rock from shoals between Sister Island and Cross-over Light, S. I., Lawrence River, N. Y., were received by M. B. Adams, Major of Engineers. December 9: Edwin H. French, Fulton. N. Y., $4,569.50; Willard Johnson, Fulton. N. Y., $3,581.50; William James Daly, Ogdensburg, N. Y., $4,816.50. Construction and Repairs of Breakwater at Plattsburgh Harbor, N. Y. Duluth, Minn. - The following bids for dredging in the harbor of Duluth, Minn., on west side of Rice's Point, were received by Major James B. Quinn. December 6: Williams, Daugherty & Upham, Dulurh, Minn., 14 cents per cubic yard; Charles S. Barker, Duluth, Minn., 15 1/4 cents per cubic yard. A New Departure In Temperature Regulation. To Radiators Curtis Thermostatic Damper Regulator The Curtis Thermostatic Temperature Regulator For maintaining a Uniform Temperature in Residences Public Buildings, Railroad Trains, &C., &C, Simple, Cheap, Accurate, Easily Operated, and applied to any System of Hot Water or Low Steam Heating. Curtis Regulator CO., Boston, Mass. Agencies: New York, 109 Liberty Street. Chicago 218 Lake Street. Denver, Col., Arraphoe Building. Philadelphia, 2033 N. Front Street. Minneapolis, 210 S. Third Street. Building intelligence Allentown, PA -- cor 2d and Chestnut sts 2-story 2 br 6. room tchool bldg; cost $12,400; board of control a, L S Jacoby; b, J M, Ritter This is two pages of numerous adsxvi THE ENGINEERING RECORD. DECEMBER 13 Wrought Iron Welded Tube Radiators, Boilers, Engines, Pumps, Steam Traps, Fans, etc. Special attention is invited to our new Boilers for House Heating. The "Equator" for Steam, and the "Gulf Stream" for Hot water. Also Nason's Hot Water Regulators. Send for Illustrated Catalogue with Lowest Prices, just issued, containing treatise on Steam, and Hot Water Heating. NASON MANUFACTURING CO., 71 Beekman St., New York. _______________________________________________ The Plummer Steam and Hot Water Heaters. Powerful, Durable, Simple, Economical, Cheap. Made in 5 sizes PORTABLE or BRICK. Estimates for Heating cheerfully given. send for Illustration and Descriptive Catalogue PUTNAM FOUNDRY AND MACHINE CO., PUTNAM, CONN. _______________________________________________________ Persons who feel friendly to this Journal can do it a service by examining its advertising columns, and whenever they see anything of interest there, mentioning the paper when they communicate with the advertiser. _______________________________________________________ BLAKE'S PATENT THERMOSTAT For Hot Water Heating Boilers, Manufactured by BLAKE & WILLIAMS, 197 Wooster Street, New York. Steam and Water Heating Specialties. _______________________________________________________ BOLTON hot water HEATER Best Record for the Longest Time in the Coldest Climate. CAN NOT LEAK, having no bolted, packed or flanged joints. CAN NOT CRACK, being made of Wrought Iron. BEST FIRE SURFACE, all directly exposed to the fire, Best proportion to grate surface. DROP TUBES. No other known device gives such extensive heating surface, combined into vertical circulation. BRICK CASING PREVENTS LOSS OF HEAT IN CELLAR. _________________________ Detroit Heating & Lighting Co., 88 Lake St., Chicago. 367 Wight St. Detroit. 42 Pearl St. Boston. 508 N. 4th St., St. Louis. Manufacturing also of the COMBINATION GAS MACHINE, BEST INDEPENDENT LIGHTING APPARATUS For Country and Suburban Residences, Churches, Schools, Stores, Hotels, etc. Over 20 Years in use, with never an Accident. Average cost of gas, ½ cent per hour per burner. ______________________________ THE BUNDY RADIATOR Is made in a greater variety than any other, enabling the Steam Fitter to select just what is needed every time. It has been truly said, "That the spiced Indian air bears perfumes not more sweet than those found in a house heated by the Bundy Radiator." See large one-half page Ad. on page eleven, issue of August 23. A.A. GRIFFING IRON CO., Principal Office and Works: 542 Communipaw Avenue, Jersey City, N.J. Branch Offices and Stores: 12 Cortlandt Street, New York City. 130 Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill. Builders' Exchange, Philadelphia, Pa. ______________________________ PRINTING. Estimates for printing Pamphlets, Catalogues, Society Reports, Etc., of every description, furnished by THE ENGINEERING PRESS. 277 Pearl Street, New York. ______________________________ PERFECTION RADIATORS. For STEAM and HOT-WATER. Send for Catalogue "B." THE MOST EFFICIENT. Loops contain full amount of heating surface. THE BEST CONSTRUCTED. Connected with Right and Left Nipples, with face to face joints. THE MOST ORNAMENTAL. The Decoration is artistically perfect. MICHIGAN RADIATOR & IRON MANUFACTURING CO. Detroit Mich 40 Dey Street, New York. ______________________________ "PERFECT" (Trade Mark) HOT WATER HEATER. Thousands in use, giving universal satisfaction. More large buildings successfully heated with the "Perfects" than with any other make. SEND FOR CIRCULARS AND PRICES RICHARDSON & BOYNTON CO., 232 & 234 Water Street, New York, 84 Lake Street, Chicago. _______________________________________________ The SPENCE HOT WATER HEATER FOR HEATING By HOT WATER CIRCULATION. NATIONAL HOT WATER HEATER CO. SOLE MANUFACTURERS BOSTON, 135 & 137 FORT HILL SR CHICAGO,108 LAKE STREET. 1890 THE ENGINEERING RECORD. xvii Enterprise Potter Company, MANUFACTURERS OF Sanitary Specialties and Plumbers' Earthenware. THE QUALITY GUARANTEED. TRENTON, N.J. _________________________________ PLUMBING GOODS AND SANITARY APPLIANCES IN BRASS, COPPER, IRON, NICKEL AND MARBLE. GEO. A. BLESSING & CO., 290 PEARL STREET, NEW YORK. __________________________________ THE E.G. BLASKLEE MFG. CO MONITOR IRON WORKS, MANUFACTURERS OF Plumbers' Cast Iron Pipe, Fittings, Sinks, Etc EXTRA HEAVY PIPE AND FITTINGS A SPECIALTY. Foundries: Sing Sine, N.Y., and Elizabethport, N.J. Office and Salesrooms; 76. 78 and 80 CENTRE STREET, New York City ___________________________________ STEWART CERAMIC CO., 312 PEARL STREET Cor. of Pock Slip, NEW YORK. Only manufacturers in the world OF THE Morahan Solid White Crockery Stationary WASH TUBS Without a rival, and pronounced by all to be the only Perfect Sanitary Tubs in Existence. ALSO, SOLID WHITE CROCKERY SINKS, Comprising Butler's Pantry, Slop, and Kitchen Sinks. Send for 13-page Illustrated Catalog and Price List. Made of same material as the Tubs and fully as strong. ___________________________________ RUFFORD & CO. ROYAL PORCELAIN BATH and GLAZED BRICK WORKS. Manufacturers and Original Patentees of STOURBRIDGE, ENG. The Royal Porcelain Bath, Molded and Glazed in one piece, for which the GOLD ISIS MEDAL of the SOCIETY OF ARTS was awarded Household and other Glazed Sinks, also Glazed Bricks, white and colored, etc. LONDON ADDRESS, 331 FARRINGDON STREET, near the Holborn Viaduct, Where Specimens of the Manufacturers may be seen. HENRY OWEN, Agent ___________________________________ HENRY HUBER & COMPANY, 81 BEEKMAN STREET, NEW YORK. Manufacturers of SANITARY SPECIALTIES FOR PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BUILDINGS Illustrated Catalogue Sent on Application. _____________________________________ ABENDROTH BROTHERS, NEW YORK, MANUFACTURERS OF CAST-IRON SOIL-PIPE AND FITTINGS, "STANDARD" and "EXTRA HEAVY." A FULL LINE OF PLUMBERS' IRONWARE 109 and 111 Beekman Street, N.Y. _____________________________________ THE frequent receipt of requests from all sections of the country for copies of the Architectural Supplements that have appeared during the past few years in THE ENGINEERING RECORD's critically selected architectural series, has induced us to collect all available original sheets of these special illustrations, as issued with each number, and to offer them for sale in lots of twenty, neatly and carefully rolled and sent postage free, on receipt of one dollar in postage stamps or by postal order. ADDRESS, BOOK DEPARTMENT, THE ENGINEERING RECORD, 277 PEARL STREET, NEW YORK. BRUCE PRICE, New York, on January 28, 1886 wrote: "The illustrations issued in your publication are the best to my mind published in this country, and must, as a critical resource, be of the greatest service to my profession.">>>>THIS TRANSCRIPTION IS INCOMPLETE ... NEEDS TO BE COMPLETED, REVIEWED, & CORRECTED AS NEEDED <<<<<<<< The "A=D" Syphon Water-Closet. IMPORTANT FEATURES. We wish to call particular attention to the fact, that the Water Supply to Closet passes through a curved passage so that it is thoroughly trapped to the depth of about six inches, which insures positive protection from any escape of foul air. The result being, that this is the only double trap Syphon Water-Closet that positively prevents the foul air contained between the two traps from escaping into the room. A feature is the manner of venting the soil pipe on either right or left side, is such a manner and to such an extent that it is impossible to clog the vents and impossible to ven partially empty the lower trap. Unlike other double trapped Syphon Closets we do not depend entirely upon the seal is lower trap. The "A-D" is perfectly safe if lower trap was empty, though is consequence of perfect vents this cannot occur. A FULLY ILLUSTRATED AND DETAILED DESCRIPTION SENT ON REQUEST. FRED ADEE & CO., Manufacturers and Desires FINE PLUMBERS' SUPPLIES, 90 Beekman Street, NEW YORK. BUILDING INTELLIGENCE. (Continued from page xii.) CINCINNATI, O.--Samuel Hannaford's Sons are making plans for new "betting shed" for the Latonia Jockey Club, to be 200 feet long, 85 feet wide, iron columns and combination iron and wood trusses. 2d and Central av, 4-story br factory; cost, $7,000; o, J M Robinson. State st. opp Crown st, Walnut Hills, 2 1/2-story br dwell; cost, $7,000; o, Wm Rendigs; b, Brice & Miller. 8th and Gest sts, 4-story factory; cost, $6,500; o, Anchor Buggy Co; a, G & A Brink. Gilbert av near Woodburn, 2 1/2-story br dwell; cost, $7,000; o, John Kolbe. BINGHAMTON, N.Y.--The Directors of the railroad department of the Young Men's Christian Associaton are discussing plans for the erection of a new building, to be devoted to the use of the association. ST. LOUIS, MO.--S e cor Jefferson av and St Charles st. br surgical institute; cost, $10,000; o, Dr H T Tuholske; b. sublet. Easton av and Abuert Place, br dwell; cost, $7,000; , T W Shann; b, sub-let. S w cor Broadway and Washington av, repair br store; cost, $10,000;o, Frank Bros; b, Thos Lowery Linn and Caroll sts, br factory; cost, $15,000, o, Lunstras & Co; b, E C lameson PROVIDENCE, R. I.--At a meeting of the Common Council, held December 1, a resolution was adopted appropriating $70,000 for the purpose of establishing a manual training school. Further particulars can be obtained by addressing Mr. Angeli, of the Joint Committee on Education, as above. CHICOPEE, MASS.--Cochran st, 3-story br block; o, C C Abbey. BUILDING INTELLIGENCE COLORADO SPRINGS, COL.--F. M. Ellis, architect, of Omaha, Neb., has completed plans for a school building, to cost $65,000. YORK, NEB.--A $30,000 college building will be erected here, after plans by F. M. Elllis, architect, of Omaha, Neb. BROOKLYN. 95 n s Macon at w Howard av, 5 br dwells; cost, $22,500 all; o, E J Ames; a, F W Ames. S e cor Kingsland and Meekerav, br factory; cost, $15,000; o, C E Sackett; a F Weber. S w cor Kingsland and Van Cott av, fr dwell; cost $8,000; o, F Koefler; a, J E-Snackenburg. N e cor Flagg and Montgomery sts. 3 fr dwell; cost, $12,500 all; o, W Grassmann; a, Th Engelhardt. S s St. Mark's av, 345 e Vanderbilt av. 2 br dwells; cost, $13,000 all; o, E Loderstrong; a, W H Wirt S w cor Suttan st and Van Cott av, 2 br dwells; cost, $11,000; o, J Sheriden; a, C Weber. S e cor 8th av and 11th st. br flats; cost, $12,000; o, Norris & Co; a, A V B Norris. S s 11th st 300 e 8th av 5 be flats; cost, $25,000 all; o, Norris & Co; a, A V B Norris E s Fleet Place, near Hudson av,be ten; cost, $10,000; o, R Brown; a, J W Baily. S w cor South 4th st and Wythe av, br factory; cost, $30,000; o, A Green; a, Way & Beers S w cor Monitor st and Greenpoint av, fr foundry; cost, $9,000; o, C Miller; a, J W Moore S s Johnston ave, 175 e Old Bushwich road, 2 fr dwells; cost, $9,000 all; o, M Dipple; a, D Acker & Son S s Jefferson st, 106 w Bushwick av, br parsonage; cost, $10,000: o, German Evangelical Lutheran St Mark's Church; a Th EngelhardtXX THE ENGINEERING RECORD. DECEMBER 13 PROFESSIONAL. PROFESSIONAL. PROFESSIONAL. ------------------------------------------------------ CHICAGO. | 28 Rialto Building SAMUEL G. ARTINGSTALL, Civil Engineer. Plans, Specifications and Estimates for Water Works, Sewerage, Bridges and Municipal Work. ------------------------------------------------------- LOUISVILLE, KY., Courier Journal Bldg. JOHN MAC LOED, Consulting Engineer. Surveys, Construction and Examination of Railroads, Bridges, Foundations, and other Engineering Work. Plans, Estimates and Specifications furnished. ------------------------------------------------------- PITTSBURG, PA. JOHN NAEGELEY, Keystone Testing Laboratory, Engineer and Architect, Buildings, Iron Roofs and Machinery. Specialty: Inspection, Testing and Superintending of Iron and Steel Structures. Cor. Liberty and Ninth Sts., Renshaw Building. ------------------------------------------------------- SCHENECTADY, N.Y., 14 Central Arcade. WM. B LANDRETH, M. Am. Soc. C.E. Sanitary Engineering, Plans, Estimates and Superintendence of construction for Sewerage and Sewage Disposal. Inspection of House Drainage and Plumbing. -------------------------------------------------------- NEW YORK CITY. 277 Pearl Street. H. WALLER BRINCKERHOFF, M. Am. Soc. C. E., Consulting Civil and Mechanical Engineer. Design, Inspection and Superintendence of Heavy Building. Difficult Foundations, Structural Iron Work, Heating, Ventilation and Sanitary Arrangements. Plans, specifications and estimates furnished. ----------------------------------------------------- NEW YORK CITY. THOMAS C. CLARKE, Consulting Engineer. Telephone Call "Pearl 207." Cable address "Mellare." 1 Broadway. ------------------------------------------------------- NEW YORK CITY E. G. LOVE, Ph.D. Analytical and Consulting Chemist. Specialties: Gas, Water, and Food Investigations. 122 Bowery. ----------------------------------------------------- NEW YORK CITY. E.F. FULLER, M. Am. Soc. C. E., Civil and Hydraulic Engineer. Water-Works, Sewerage, Inspection of Water-Works Plants and Reports on same. Superintendence of Construction. Room 34 and 35, 11 Wall St. ------------------------------------------------------- NEWARK, N.J. 721 BROAD ST. JAMES OWEN, M. Am. Soc. C. E. Special Attention to the Improvement and Development of Towns and Suburban Property. Plans and Specifications prepared for Roads, Bridges, Drainage and Water-works. MONTCLAIR, N.J. ------------------------------------------------------- ROCHESTER N.Y. J. NELSON TUBBS, M. Am. Soc. C.E., Consulting Engineer. 405 Wilder Building. ------------------------------------------------------ SCHENECTADY, N.Y. J. LELAND FITZGERALD, M. Am. Soc. C. E. Surveys, Plans and Estimates for Sewerage and Water Supply for towns and villages. and Construction Superintended. -------------------------------------------------- HOBOKEN, N.J. ALBERT R. LEEDS, Ph.D., Water Analyst. Examinations of Water for City, Manufacturing, Boiler and Domestic use. Address, Stevens Institute of Technology. -------------------------------------------------- NEWPORT, R.I. GEO. E. WARING, Jr., M. Inst. C. E., Consulting Engineer. Sanitary and Agricultural Drainage, the Laying Out of Towns, etc. -------------------------------------------------- NEWPORT, R.I. WARING, CHAPMAN & FARQUHAR, Civil Engineers. Furnish Plans for, and Supervise the Construction of, Sewerage, Drainage, Plumbing, Water-Works, etc. Topographical Work and the Laying Out of Towns. Geo. E Waring, Jr., Consulting Engineer. -------------------------------------------------- NEW YORK CITY. RUDOLPH HERING, M. Am. Soc. C. E., M. Inst. C. E., M. Can. Soc C. E.. Civil and Sanitary Engineer. Designs for all work pertaining to Sewerage and Water-Supply of Towns. Construction Superintended. 22 Pearl Street. -------------------------------------------------- COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO. Room 41, Hagerman Block. J. C. BLAND, Bridge and Consulting Engineer. Designs for Bridges, Viaducts, Roofs, etc. Examinations and Reports on existing or proposed structures. P.O. Box, 561. -------------------------------------------------- ANDREW ROSEWATER, FRANK CHRYSLER. M. Am. Soc. C. E. ROSEWATER & CHRYSLER, Civil and Sanitary Engineers. Specialties: Grade Systems, Sewerage and Municipal Public Works. OMAHA, NEB. -------------------------------------------------- NEW YORK CITY. NEWARK, N.J. P.O. Box, 2075. Broad and Market Sts. CARROL PHILLIPS BASSETT, C. E., E. M. HYDRAULIC AND SANITARY ENGINEERING. Specialties: Water-Supply, Sewerage, Drainage and Ventilation. Plans, estimates, superintendence of work. -------------------------------------------------- CINCINNATI, OHIO. 99 West 4th Street. G. BOUSCAREN, Consulting Engineer. Bridges, Viaducts, Water Supplies, Surveys, Construction and Examination of Railways. Estimates, Plans and Specifications furnished for all Engineering Works. -------------------------------------------------- CHICAGO, ILL. J. M. HOWELLS, Consulting Engineer. Water and Sewerage Works, General Engineering, Examinations and Reports. 171 LaSalle Street. -------------------------------------------------- ROCHESTER, N. Y. RAFTERS & DODGSON, Civil and Sanitary Engineers, Waterworks, Municipal work SEWERAGE AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL A SPECIALTY. GEO. W. RAFTER, M. Am. Soc. C. E. FRANK L. DODGSON, C. E. -------------------------------------------------- NEW YORK CITY. HOBOKEN, N.J. CHAS. B BRUSH, C. E., M. Am. Soc. C.E. Sanitary and Hydraulic Work, Roads. Borings, Bulkheads and Piers. University of the City of New York, 13 Newark St., Hoboken N.J. -------------------------------------------------- ST. LOUIS, MO. CHARLES E. ILLSLEY, A.M., C.E., Architect, No. 506 Olive Street, Special Attention to Churches, Schools and other Public Buildings. -------------------------------------------------- BOSTON, MASS. EDWARD S. SHAW, Consulting Engineer. Bridges and Roofs, Structural Ironwork, Masonry and Foundations, Building Construction. 146 Franklin Street. -------------------------------------------------- NEW YORK CITY. F. COLLINGWOOD, M. Inst. C. E., M.A.S.C.E. Consulting Engineer for Foundations, Structures, Hydraulic and Submarine Work. 277 Pearl Street. -------------------------------------------------- KNOXVILLE, TENN. Room 10, City Hall. WRIGHT & WOOD, Civil and Sanitary Engineers. Sewerage, Drainage, Water Supply, Municipal Work, Surveys, Estimates, Specifications, Superintendence. P. O. Box 21. J. C. Wright, C.E. C.F. Wood, Jun. Am. Soc. C. E., Engineer and Superintendent Knoxville Water Co. -------------------------------------------------- PHILADELPHIA, PA. Drexel Building WILSON BROTHERS & CO., Civil Engineers and Architects. Plans and Specifications furnished for Buildings, Bridges Water-Works, Sewerage Systems, Harbor Improvements and all classes of Engineering and Architectural Work. Construction of work attended to. -------------------------------------------------- BOSTON, MASS. GEORGE F. SWAIN, Consulting Engineer. Bridges, Roofs and other Structural Work. Water Supply and Hydraulic Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology. -------------------------------------------------- NEW YORK CITY. ALBERT L. WEBSTER, Jun. Am. Soc. C.E. Sanitary Engineering, House Sanitation, Sewerage Plans for Cities, Inspection of buildings. Office 107 Drexel Building, Wall and Broad Streets. -------------------------------------------------- NEW YORK CITY. J. JAMES R. CROES, M. Am Soc. C.E., M. Inst. C.E., 13 William St. Examinations and Reports made on Projects for Water-Supply and Sewage of Towns. Plans and Specifications prepared and Work of Construction superintended. -------------------------------------------------- NEW YORK CITY. WILLIAM S. BACOT, Hydraulic Engineer. Water-Works and Sewerage Surveys, Plans, Estimates and Superintendence of Construction. Room 28A, 145 Broadway. -------------------------------------------------- MONTGOMERY, ALA. WILLIAMSON & EARL, Civil ana Sanitary Engineers. Plans and Estimates for Water Supply, Sewerage and General Engineering work. -------------------------------------------------- CHICAGO, ILL. 171 La Salle Street. L.E. COOLEY, C.E. General Engineering Practice: Water-Works and Sewerage, Harbors and Waterways, Bridge Locations and Foundations, Expert Tests, etc. Consultations, Examinations and Reports; Plans, Estimates, Specifications; Supervision of Work. -------------------------------------------------- BOSTON, MASS. 23 Court St., Room 308. McCLINTOCK & WOODFALL. W.E. McClintock, M. Am. Soc. C. E.; J. Leslie Woodfall, B.S. Specialties: Sewerage, Road Making, and Ventilation of Public Buildings, Schools, &c. -------------------------------------------------- CINCINNATI, OHIO. 227 Main Street. ARTHUR S. HOBBY, C.E. Sewerage Systems for Cities and Villages. Design and Construction of Large Manufacturing Plants. -------------------------------------------------- CHICAGO, ILL. CHESTER B. DAVIS, M. Am. Soc. C.E., Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineer. Advice regarding Water-Works, Sewerage, Water-Power, Heating, Ventilating and Plumbing. Plans and Estimates prepared, and work superintended. Room 1168, "The Rookery." -------------------------------------------------- NEW YORK CITY. 71 Broadway. CHARLES PAINE & SONS, {Consulting and Civil Engineers. {Preliminary Surveys, Location, Railroads: {Construction, Equipment, Water-Supply, {Terminal Yards, Signals, {Electric Appliances. Improvements of Villages and Estates. ============================== TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION. -------------------------------------------------- HOBOKEN, N.J. STEVENS SCHOOL. Preparatory course for admission to Stevens Institute, which confers degree of "Mechanical Engineer." For catalogue address the Librarian of Stevens Institute. -------------------------------------------------- EASTON, PA. LAFAYETTE COLLEGE. Pardee Scientific Department. Courses in Civil, Mining, and Electrical Engineering. Chemistry, Metallurgy, Geology, Physics, Drawing. Free Course in Highway Construction. For Catalogue of the above or other Departments address the Registrar. -------------------------------------------------- NEW YORK CITY. SCHOOL OF MINES, COLUMBIA College. Courses in Mining, Civil and Sanitary Engineering, and Chemistry, Architecture, Metallurgy and Geology. For catalogues address the Registrar, 49th St. and Madison Ave. =============================== ENGINEERS AND CONTRACTORS. LOUISVILLE, KY. EDWIN THACHER, Bridge Engineer and Contractor, Correspondence solicited. 258 West Main Street. -------------------------------------------------- NEW YORK CITY. WM J. BALDWIN, Heating ana Ventilating Engineer. Advice in arranging apparatus for public and private buildings, hospitals, asylums, etc. Author "Steam-Heating for Building," "Hot-Water Heating & Fitting," etc. Mem. Am. Soc. Mech. Engs. M. Am. Soc. C.E. 277 Pearl Street. =============================== PLUMBERS. -------------------------------------------------- MONTREAL, CANADA. HUGHES & STEPHENSON, late R. Patton, Practical Sanitarians, 745 Craig St. Drainage and Ventilation a Specialty. Hellyer's Water Closets, Bower's Traps, Globe Ventilators, and the latest improved appliances. -------------------------------------------------- BOSTON, MASS. DANIEL G. FINNERTY, Plumber and Sanitary Engineer. Drainage and Ventilation -- facilities for executing Country Work. 184 Boylston Street and 25 Charles Street. -------------------------------------------------- BOSTON, MASS. HENRY HUSSEY & CO., Plumbers. Special attention given to country work. 79 Kingston Street. -------------------------------------------------- NEW YORK. 253 4th Ave. (near 20th St.) BYRNE & TUCKER, Plumbers. Consulting Engineers for Sanitary and Hydraulic Work. The fitting up of Turkish and Russian Baths, Needle, Spray, and Hip Baths a Specialty. -------------------------------------------------- NEW YORK CITY. WM. F. CONRAN, House and Ship Plumbing, Steam and Gas Fitting. No. 307 Pearl street near Peck Slip. -------------------------------------------------- NEW YORK CITY. THOMAS HINDLEY & SON, Plumbing and House Furnishing, 794 Sixth Avenue, corner 45th Street. All matters connected with House Drainage receive our personal supervision. -------------------------------------------------- NEW YORK CITY. JOHN RENEHAN, Contractor for Plumbing, Ventilation and Hot-Water Heating. Parties desiring and economical and healthful heater, can obtain full particulars by examining apparatus in working condition at my office. 142 East 35th Street. Branch at Far Rockaway. L.I. ================================ NOW READY. 8vo. Cloth, 410 pp. Price $5.00. PAVEMENTS AND ROADS; Their Construction and Maintenance. Reprinted from THE ENGINEERING RECORD, Compiled by E.G. Love, Ph.D. This book is a compilation of articles which have appeared in recent volumes of The Engineering Record, edited with a view of eliminating whatever was of timely or local interest, and arranged by division for convenience of use. The science of paving and the need of proper maintenance of pavements is yet comparatively little understood in this country, and the same is true in even greater degree with regard to roads. The editor of the journal named was led to give the matter special attention by seeing what was done in Europe, during his visits there, and finally began an investigation of work on streets and road in England, France and other countries, the result of which was the gathering of a large and very valuable mass of information in regard to the subject. Of this everything likely to be of practical use in America was printed in The Engineering Record, and is given here in more convenient shape. With it appears a large quantity of matter from American sources, including the prize essay on Road Construction and Maintenance submitted in the competition instituted by the journal named in December, 1889. It will be seen that the great bulk of the book is made up of records of experience and statements of cost in different places. The comments are based on this experience. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Part I. Chapter I. -- Stone Pavements. Construction of, in Liverpool -- Paving Inspection -- Specifications in New York -- Violation of Specifications -- Paving Material. Chapter II. -- Wood Pavements. Construction of, in London -- Cost and Durability -- Specifications for Material -- Wood Pavements in Paris and other Cities -- Sanitary Aspects -- Necessity of Maintenance. Chapter III. -- Asphalt Pavements. Nature and Uses of Asphalt -- Pavements in the United States, Paris and Berlin -- Cost and Maintenance of in London and Liverpool -- Renewals -- Injury by Gas -- Slipperiness -- Affecting the Value of Property. Chapter IV. -- Brick Pavements. Clays, and the Manufacture of Paving Brick -- Crushing Strength -- Use in American Cities -- Construction and Durability -- Specifications -- Miscellaneous Road Metalling Material. Chapter V. -- Curbs, Sidewalks and Tramways. Artificial Stone for Curbs -- Footpaths in England -- Asphalt and Concrete for Footpaths -- Liverpool Tramways. Chapter Vi. -- Street Opening -- Maintenance. Liverpool Excavation Contract -- Opening and Reinstating Pavements -- Requirements in New York -- Maintenance of Pavements in London -- Cleaning London Pavements. Chapter VII. -- Notes. Experience with Various Pavements in London -- Traffic in Paris and in American Cities -- Iron Wheelways -- Effect on Health of Noisy Pavements -- Tests of Durability -- Contracts Guaranteed. Part II. Roads: Construction and Maintenance. Repair and Maintenance -- Common Roads in France -- Road Making -- Improving Country Roads -- Specifications -- Legislation -- Macadam Roads -- Herschell's Treatise on Road Making -- Methods of Superintending Construction and Repairs. Part III. Prize Essays on Road Construction and Maintenance submitted in the Competition instituted by the Engineering and Building Record. Report of Committee of Award. Abstracts of Essays receiving Honorable Mention. A Plea for Æsthetic Considerations in Road Making. Comments on the Prize Essays by the Committee of Award. SENT POST-PAID ON RECEIPT OF PRICE. ADDRESS, BOOK DEPARTMENT. THE ENGINEERING RECORD 277 PEARL STREET, NEW YORK. Obtainable at London Office, 92 and 93 Fleet Street, London, Eng., for 25s.