FEINBERG/WHITMAN LITERARY FILE SPEECH FILE "Death of Abraham Lincoln" (Apr. 5, 1890). Printed copy--introduction. The Critic, May 10, 1890 Box 37 Folder 16The Critic TENTH VOL. XIII. No. 332 The Critic, No. 429 Single Copies, Ten Cents New York, May 10, 1890 The Critic Co. Year New Series Good Literature, No 487 $3 Per Year in Advance "I advise all parents to have their boys and girls taught shorthand writing and typewriting. A stenographer who can typewrite his notes would be safer from poverty than a great Greek scholar." - CHARLES READ, on "The Coming Man." Remington Standard Typewriter. For fifteen years the Standard, and to-day the most perfect development of the writing machine, embodying the latest and highest achievements of inventive and mechanical skill. We add to the Remington every improvement that study and capital can secure. WYCKOFF, SEAMANS & BENEDICT, NEW YORK.ii The Critic Number 332 WEBSTER WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY THE STANDARD AND THE BEST ANCIENT AND MODERN. DON'T BE DUPED. A so-called "Webster's Unabridged Dic- tionary" is being offered to the public at a very low price. The body of the book, from A to Z, is a cheap reprint, page for page, of the edition of 1847, which was in its day a valuable book, but, in the progress of language for over FORTY YEARS, has been completely superseded. It is now reproduced, broken type errors and all, by a photographic process, is printed on cheap paper and flimsily bound. It is advertised to be the substantial equiva- lent of "an eight to twelve dollar book," while in fact it is a literal copy of a book which in its day was retailed for about $5.00 and that book was much superior in paper, print, and binding to this imitation, and was then the best Dictionary of the time instead of an antiquated one. A brief comparison, page by page, between the reprint and the latest and enlarged edition, will show the great superiority of the latter. No honorable dealer will allow the buyer of such to suppose that he is getting the Webster which to-day is ac- cepted as the Standard and THE BEST. There are several of these reprints, differ- ing in minor particulars; but, DON'T BE DUPED; the body of each is a literal copy of the 1847 edition. WHAT THE PAPERS SAY. The New York Times says: "Only those who are ignorant of the great advances that have been made in dictionaries are likely to buy this reprint at any price." The American Bookseller, of N. Y., says: "The etymologies are utterly misleading, and naturally so; for when the Webster of 1847 was issued, Comparative Philology was in its cradle. The definitions are imperfect, requiring condensation, re-arrangement and additions. The vocabulary is defective, some of the commonest words of to-day, especially scientific terms, for which a dictionary is most often consulted, being entirely absent. In not one of these three prime requisites of a dic- tionary is the Webster reprint a trustworthy guide; or, rather, it is a misleading one. * * * This 'reprint' is not intended for in- telligent men. It is made expressly to be foisted by all the arts of the book canvasser on those who have been precluded from a knowl- edge of what developments lexicography has undergone during the last forty-two years. This is the cruelest feature of this money- making enterprise." The Buffalo Christian Advocate says : "DON'T BE DUPED. Thousand are, or are likely to be, by the flashy, fraudulent adver- tisements of 'The Original Webster's Un- abridged Dictionary,' which is offered for three or four dollars. * * * * * If any of our readers wish to invest in a purchase which they will be likely afterward to regret, they will do so after being duly notified." The Journal of Education, Boston, says : "Teachers cannot be too careful not to be imposed on, since the very things which make a dictionary valuable in school are wanting in this old-time reprint. Any high-school dic- tionary which can be purchased for a dollar and fifty cents is worth more for school use than this." Many other prominent journals speak in similar terms, and legitimate publishers write us in strong condemnation of this attempt to foist an obsolete book on the public. The LATEST and the BEST, which bears our imprint on the title page, has OVER 2000 PAGES, with illustrations on almost every page. G. & C. MERRIAM & CO., SPRINGFIELD, MASS. D. 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The journey described in the above volume was taken in the winter of 1888-9, by the author, accompanied by his family and a few friends. It comprised a trip across the continet by the most picturesque route, and along the Pacific Coast to Lower California, and the travelers were in all nearly three months en route. The author possessed, among other qualifications for a successful traveler, an enthusiastic interest in his undertaking, and in the very complete organization of his traveling arrangements he also possessed exceptional facilities for seeing all that there was to be seen in the country gone over- a country which, in the rapid progress of settlement, is changing so extensively from year to year, that descriptions given five years back would to-day hardly be recognizable. The full-page etchings are: Mission of San Luis Rey. Cal. By C. Y. TURNER. Muir Glacier, Alaska. By R. SAWIN GIFFORD. North Arm, Biscotasing Lake. By J. C. NICOLL. Lake Louise, near Laggan. By R. C. MINOR. 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In these days, so rife with labor troubles and the strained relations of employer and employed, it is interesting to go back to the time when there was a complete and complicated system of guild embracing nearly all trades, and carrying with it the hierarchy of masters and apprentices. To such a period are we transported by Julius Wolff's great novel, "Der Sulfmeister." or "The Salt Master of Luneburg." Since the death of Viktor von Scheffel, Wolff is the most popular of German poets, and this historical novel of his he has invested with all the charm of his fine fancy. Philip, A Story of the First Century. By MRS. MARY C CUTLER, with an Introduction by the REV. SELAH MERRILL. 12mo, $1.25. "The style is excellent, the purely topographical, archaeological details are correct. The language is everywhere well chosen, and is both clear and forcible. New Testament scenes are introduced with unusual skill, and in such a way as to make a vivid impression upon the reader's mind. 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"Trelawny's work is emphatically good literature. . . It is admirable, full of vigor and variety, spirit and entrain, graphic and picturesque from first to last." --Globe. "The book is one of the most fascinating of its kind in the language." --Echo. S. Dana Horton's New Book on the Silver Question. SILVER IN EUROPE. By S. DANA HORTON, author of "The Silver Pound," etc, etc. 12mo. 300 pp. Cloth, $1.50. "Silver in Europe" is a series of essays dealing with various phases of the silver question, followed by a documentary chronicle indicating the development of events, which the author names "The Anti-silver Movement, and its Reversal." Ready for Publication May 15th THE STATESMAN'S YEAR BOOK -- 1800 Statistical and historical annual of the States of the civilized world for the year 1800. Edited by J. SCOTT KELTIE, librarian to the Royal Geographical Society, Twenty-seventh annual publication. Revised after official returns. 12mo cloth, $3.00. A new book by Sir Charles W. 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"A valuable mine of astronomical information carefully brought up to date." --Academy. Recently published: Vol. I. The Sun, Planets and Comets. 8vo. $5.25. New Edition Revised and Enlarged, $6.00 INTERNATIONAL LAW. By W. E. HALL, M.A., Barrister-at-Law. 8vo. $6.00. MYTHOLOGY AND MONUMENTS OF ANCIENT ATHENS. Being a Translation of a Portion of the "Attica" of Pausania. By MARGARET DEG. VERRALL. With Introductory Essay and Archeological Commentary by JANE E. HARRISON, author of "Myths of the Odyssey." With 250 illustrations and Plans. 12mo. $4.50. AMONG THE SELKIRK GLACIERS. Being the account of a rough survey in the Rocky Mountain Regions of British Columbia. By WILLIAM SPOTSWOOD GREENT, M.A., F.R.G.S., author "High Alpha of New Zealand." 12mo. $2.25. AN OUTLINE OF THE LAW OF PROPERTY. By THOMAS RALEIGH, M.A. Fellow of All Souls' College, 8vo. $1.30. Temple Library. New Volume. PERICLES AND ASPASIA. By WALTER SAVAGE LANDOE. Edited by C. G. CRUMP. With Etchings by HERBERT RAILTON, etc. 2 Vols., cloth, 16mo. $3.75. Large Paper Edition. Post 8vo. $7.00. COURT LIFE UNDER THE PLANTAGENETS. REIGN OF HENRY II. By HUBERT HALL, F.S.A. With five colored illustrations by RALPH NEVILL, F.S.A. Four Facsimiles and numerous text cuts. 8vo. $4.00 "Mr. Hall has a keen eye for the human interest in history." --Saturday Review SOCIETY IN THE ELIZABETHAN AGE. By HUBERT HALL, F.S.A. With eight colored and other plates. $3.00 "Students of Elizabethan literature may well rejoice in the recent addition to their libraries of Mr. Hubert Hall's highly interesting and most useful work." --Prof. W. Hales in The Academy. English Men of Action Series. New Volume. HAVELOCK. By ARCHIBALD FORBES. 12mo, cloth, limp, 60 cents: edges uncut, 75 cents. Already Published: DAVID LIVINGSTONE. By THOMAS HUGHES. HENRY THE FIFTH. By Rev. A. J. CHURCH. GENERAL GORDON. By Co. Sir W. BUTLER. LORD LAWRENCE. By Sir RICHARD TEMPLE. WELLINGTON. By GEORGE HOOPER. DAMPIER. By W. CLARKE RUSSELL. MONK. By JULIAN CORBETT. STAFFORD. By H. D. TRAILL. WARREN HASTINGS. By Sir ALFRED LYALL. PETERBOROUGH. By WM. STRESSING. CAPTAIN COOK. By WALTER BESANT. "The English Men of Action' promises to be a notable series of short biographies. The subjects are well chosen, and the authors almost as well." --Epoch. MACMILLIAN & CO., 112 Fourth Avenue, New York. May 10 1890 The Critic 229 The Critic Published Weekly, at 52 Lafayette Place, New York, by THE CRITIC COMPANY [??ieved] as Second-Class Mail-Matter at the Post-Office at New York, N. Y. NEW YORK, MAY 10, 1890. AMERICAN NEWS COMPANY general agents. Single copies sold, and subscriptions taken, at The Critic office, 52 Lafayette Place. Also, by Charles Scribner's Sons, G. P. Putnam's Sons, Brentano's, and the principal newsdealers in the city. Boston: Damrell & Upham (Old Croner Book-store). Philadelphia: John Wanamaker. Chicago: Bren-tano's. New Orleans: George F. Wharton, 5 Carondelet Street. Denver, Colorado. C. Smith & Son. London: B. F. Stevens, 4 Trafalgar Square. Paris: Brentano's, 17 Avenue de l'Opéra. Rome: Office of Nuova Antolgia. Literature. "Gothic Architecture"* THE DOCTRINE that we call Gothic architecture is French as truly as the art of the Parthenon is Greek has, so far, received only a grudging assent from writers of other than French extraction. M. Viollet-le-Duc has shown conclusively how Gothic arose in northern France out of the Romanesque, but it has remained open to admirers of the pointed style in the architecture of other countries to be-lieve that it arose as spontaneously and as logically in Eng-land, Germany, Spain and Northern Italy. This theory of a sporadic development of true Gothic, Mr. Charles H. Moore sets himself to demolish in his 'Development and Character of Gothic Architecture'; and, as regards English and Italian Gothic, at least, he has fully succeeded. As to the Italian, he has no difficulty in proving that there is very little of Gothic spirit or constructive design in the Church of St. Francis of Assisi, in the Cathedral and the Church of Sta. Maria Novella in Florence, and other typical examples. As to German and Spanish Gothic, the demonstration is less complete. Cologne, he admits, is a true Gothic building; but, like the Cathedrals of Leon, Burgos and Toledo, he supposes it to be due to the influence of the French style fully developed when these buildings were begun. In chapters I.-II. Mr. Moore gives a very clear résumé of the growth of the pointed style, following the same lines as those laid down by Viollet-le-Duc, but with an abundance of new and welcome examples. The various steps in the change from the massive walls and piers and the barrel vaults of the Romanesque to the purely arched construction of Amiens and Rheims, in which the walls are reduced to a screen of tracery and stained-glass, are examined one by one, and the definition of Gothic as a system of building based, in all its parts, on the principle of opposing thrusts, is shown to be in accordance with French practise. In Eng-land, however, it is shown that this principle was but seldom thoroughly carried out. Peterborough, Ely, Durham are strictly Norman, with some Gothic features added. The choir of Canterbury, which the author calls 'the real beginning of what Gothic there is in the pointed architecture of England,' is the work of a Frenchman, William of Sens. Chichester is plainly Norman except in the vaulting and a few unrelated details. So much for the 'Early English Style'; the 'decorated' Mr. Moore shows to be still less en-titled to rank as pure Gothic. The nave of Lincoln, with its superfluous vaulting ribs, shows more plainly the tendency to ignore structural fitness which became the principal characteristic of the late 'perpendicular' style. With few exceptions, one of which is Westminster, English pointed architecture is essentially Norman-Romanesque. Even its mouldings and ornamental sculpture, our author shows that it is either not English or not Gothic. Several chapters on Gothic sculpture, Gothic painting and stained-glass fur-ther tend to establish the priority and superiority of French work. The book is handsomely illustrated with woodcuts and pen-drawings, and is written in a clear and agreeable style. * Development and Character of Gothic Architecture. By Charles H. Moore, $4.50. New York: Macmillan & Co. Vol. III, of the Stevens Fac-similes* THE THIRD SET of the Stevens Fac-similes goes over about the same ground as the first two (namely, 1776-78), and relates to much the same matters. There are invento-ries forwarded from Paris by the spies in British pay which tell the contents of ships bound from French ports to the West Indies 'and a market.' There are more ciphers and keys, and at least one glimpse into the methods of transmitting this and other information from the apartments of Franklin, Deane and Arthur Lee to Downing Street. One station on that road deserves the name of underground rail-road. In Paul Wentworth's hand is an agreement by which Dr. Edwards was to correspond with him on certain speci-fied subjects; and the primitive way in which letters were passed -- in a hole at the root of a tree on the terrace of the Tuileries -- was perhaps learned by Mr. Paul Wentworth in his days of gallantry. King George has left in his peculiar handwriting, in 'in-visible' ink, a note to the effect that he believed all the Ameri-cans in the pay of his officials were shamming, especially the persistent but not always grammatical Capt. Hynson. That worthy mariner returned to Paris after his rebuff from Silas Deane, but complained that nobody would go near him. By trying to swindle both sides, he was in danger of falling to the ground; but it appears pretty certain that he got some permanent reward from the English Government (enough to marry on); and probably his mate was that one of his fair friends to whom he boasted in a letter of Feb. 15, 1777, intercepted and copied in the General Post Office, that, however wicked other men may be in their intercourse with women, he, Hynson, never offered to take liberties with her. It is sad to think how many heroes have died unnoted by the Muse of History, while Hynson of the coarse amours and double face is enshrined in the following note by George III.: -- 'R, April 6th, 4 P.M. I have ever doubted whether any trust could be reposed on Hynson; I am now quite settled in my opinion that He as well as every other Spy from N. America is encouraged by Deane and Franklin and only gives intelligence to deceive.' As the wrapper on which this is scrawled in the King's hand once contained an en-closure from Lord Stormont at Paris, it is possible that the latter had been having Capt. Hynson watched in that city and his report was adverse. The precautions taken by the spy Edwards in communicating with Wentworth and Lord Stormont were rendered necessary by the perfection of the native spy system, for the movements of their subordinates might at any time be learned by Franklin and Deane from the French officials, did the latter choose to tell, as in-deed on several occasions they did tell. But what a com-ment on the war against the colonies is that note by George III., bothered with memoranda on a worthless wretch, and imagining he was governing a big part of the world! In these letters we find the spies getting down to their real work -- petitions for pensions. That philanthropist Paul Wentworth wanted only a baronetcy and a place in Parlia-ment. Hynson wanted an annuity; and Lieut. Col. Edward Smith expected something very good to reward him for the frightful dangers he encountered while tempting Hynson, crossing the Channel in bad weather, and venturing into those perilous places, Calais, Dover, and Paris! But the palm should be awarded the Rev. John Vardill -- a little, sneaking clergyman, who set up for an agent for spies and had the hardihood to demand his own appointment as Assis-tant Rector of Trinity Church, New York. The Rev. John was only twenty-six when he opened this profitable line of business, having been graduated from Columbia (then King's) College in 1774. He is said to have been appointed * Fac-similes of Manuscripts in European Archives Relating to America: 1773-83. With Descriptions, Notes, etc. Vol. III. (Nos. 235-343). Issued only to Subscribers. $25 per vol. 4 Trafalgar Square, London: B. F. Stevens.230 The Critic Number 332 Assistant Rector of Trinity; but it appears that he also secured at least the nomination to a professorship, probably in King's College, New York. His known services as a spy caused people to give him the credit of having forged the clever 'Letters from Gen. Washington to Several of his Friends in the Year 1776' which were printed in London in 1778 and soon reprinted in America. Their purpose was to revive the English hopes for an honorable peace or success by force, to embarrass Washington, and alienate the Colonies from him by showing that in 1776 he was eager for a reconciliation with Great Britain, an admirer of George III., and secretly an opponent of independence. They have been lately reprinted, with useful notes, by Mr. Worthington C. Ford of Brooklyn. This political forgery is now supposed to have emanated from the fertile brain of John Randolph of Virginia, a Tory, and the father of that Edmund Randolph whose tarnished reputation was vindicated by Mr. Moncure D. Conway in a recent work. The surmise rests on the closeness with which Washington's style is imitated, and the abundance of little points which could only have been known to some person like John Randolph who was intimate with Mrs. Washington, the Custises and Lund Washington, to whom most of them are addressed. The third volume of Stevens's Fac-similes does not yield in interest to the first two. "Maria" The first book printed on this continent was a Spanish book which came from the press in 1537; and by the time the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, there was already a century-old European civilization and literature in Spanish America which had published more than a hundred volumes. The enormous literary activity of the Latin- Indian nations just south of us is a fact almost unknown even to intelligent Americans. Nearly a hundred years ago Mexico alone had produced almost 4000 authors who had written 12,000 books and pamphlets. We fancy ourselves mighty old and mighty 'ancient'----until we cross the Rio Grande or the Spanish Main; when we find that the 'Bay Psalm Book' is a modern trifle, the churches of the Revolution structures of yesterday as compared with the massive, ancient, and beautiful cathedrals in the 'half-savage' provinces of Latin America, and our boasted monopoly of all the intelligence and enterprise of the West contradicted flatly by the facts. Such a snub to our pride is wholesome enough, supplemented as it is by the disagreeable comparisons between ourselves and others elicited by the Pan- American Congress. Insolent 'uppishness' and illiterate wealth never came into more picturesque or astounding contrast with polished and enlightened culture, than was lately exhibited by this trundling of all South America up to the top of a high mountain and promising them all the kingdoms of the earth, if they would fall down and worship----US! The romance of 'Maria' forms another object-lesson for us,----the work of an accomplished Hebrew, Jorge Isaacs, in whom English and Spanish blood commingle, and whose poetic gifts have long been recognized in the South. It is idle and extravagant to compare his 'Maria' with the 'Atala' of Chateaubriand or the 'Paul and Virginia' of St. Pierre. It is simply a charming Colombian tale in which there are delightful touches of scenery and pathos, vivid frame-work of local color, and a murmuring and melodious speech that makes of the whole an elegy rather than a novel. It is a story of love and epilepsy, of trance and death, over- laden with its catastrophe and pervaded by an elegiac sentiment which has been prolifically echoed in the many editions published in Spain, Mexico, and Colombia. Mr. Ogden's translation is flowing, and Mr. Janvier's introduction is appreciative. There are jaguar-hunts and love-scenese; the gentler races,----Spanish Negro and tropic Indian,----flit to and fro through the pages; there are beautiful and strange flowers described, and a life of ranche and corral lives before our eyes. All of Spain, we say,----tropic, ancient,----is here except the Moors; and in the distance there are blue-black Cordilleras instead of silver Sierras. The human passions are without latitude and longitude, and are as old as the world. In 'Maria' they are tragically summed up and expressed in musical speech. Brinton's "Rig Veda Americanus"* 'The American Rig Veda' is the apt designation by which the learned and indefatigable editor distinguishes the latest addition to his well-known Library of American Aboriginal Literature, which now numbers eight volumes, varying in their subjects and contents from the rude legendary recitals of Algonkins, Iroquois, and Creeks, to the more elaborate history, drama, and poetry of Mexicans and Mayas. The second title of the present volume, 'Sacred Songs of the Ancient Mexicans,' sufficiently describes its character; and an examination of these songs shows that they may be very fairly compared with those of the world-renowned Aryan cyclus. The Vedic hymns to Indra, Surya, Varuna, Mitra, Agni, Prithivi, the Storm-Gods, and the other well- known members of the Indic Pantheon, find their counter- parts in the sacred songs addressed to the Mexican divinities, of fearfully polysynthetic names which need not be here repeated,----the War-God, the Storm God, the Fire-God, the God of Night, the God of Flowers, the All-Mother, and various others, whose attributes are remarkably similar to those of the Aryan deities. In one respect, singularly enough, this resemblance fails notably at a certain point. Each of these widely separated and, in many traits, widely different races, had a God of Wine, or rather of intoxication. But here the Western hymnology shows decidedly to advantage; for while the Soma, deity of the Aryans, named from their sacred inebriating infusion, was one of their favorite divinities, the Mexican god of pulque (the native win of the agave plant), was addressed with a wail of horror, and the beverage over which he presided was stigmatized as 'a fearful thing.' Its effects, the editor tells us, 'were recognized as most disastrous'; and among the names applied to the deity were 'he who hangs people' and 'he who drowns people.' These curios hymns, which have been hitherro unknown,have been derived by Dr. Brinton from the manuscripts of Father Bernardino de Sahagan (?) one of the earliest and most enlghtened of the Spanish missionaries to Mexico. His MSS, preserved in the libraries of Madrid and Florence, have been there consulted by Dr. Brinton, who, at the cost of much labor and research, which scholars will appreciate, has now presented to the world, with careful translations and instructive notes, these novel and unexpected treasures and aboriginal lore. Mr. Archer's"Macready" It cannot be said that Mr. William Archer has added much to our knowledge of William Charles Macready in the biography which he has written for the Eminent Actors Series, but he has displayed good judgment in selecting the most interesting and pertinent facts in the career of the tragedian from the mass of material at hand, and has arranged them very compactly in an attractive little volume which will be most convenient for reference. Macready needs so Boswell. He left behind him, in his diaries and reminiscences, a picture of himself which reveals all the peculiarities of is curiously complex character, so contradictory in his curiously complex character, so contradictory in its integrity and meanness, its magnanimity and petulance, its humility and vanity, its energy and its vacillation. From this store of information Mr. Archer has borrowed largely, and he has supplemented the facts thus obtained by anecdotes from surviving contemporaries and extracts [next page] May 10 1890 The Critic 231 from contemporaneous criticism. He divides the professional life of the actor intofive periods, devoting a chapter to each, and printing a chronological list of characters at the end of each chapter - an admirable plan which condenses the work of years into a paragraph, and gives a striking illustration of the amount of labor and degree of versatility necessary to the achievement of theatrical celebrity in the early days of the century. A good deal of space is devoted to the story of the feud with Forrest and its disastrous consequences, the facts being set down with a most praiseworthy impartiality. In summing up, Mr. Archer concludes that both men were to blame, but that Forrest was more in the wrong than Macready, and that neither ought to be held responsible for the national prejudices which brought about the final calmity. It is not likely that seroius objection will be taken to this verdict in any quarter. The book ends with a comparison of critical opinions concerning Macready's ability. Most of these have been quoted very often before, but they derive additional value here from their juxtaposition. The general verdict, making allowance for the enthusiasm of personal intimates and the prejudice of writers attached to the fortunes of other players, would place him a little below Edmund Kean, who excelled him greatly in certain characters, such as Sir Edward Mortimer and Sir Giles Overreach, and was acknowledged to be inferior to him in a number of others. Mr. Archer makes the suggestion that Macready's constant outbreaks of temper, which made him so unpopular with all his theatrical associates, may be traced to the conviction, of which he could never rid himself, that he had exposed himself to social degradation by becoming an actor. This theory is ingenious, and is borne out, to a certain extent, by the fact that the asperities of his behavior disappeared almost entirely after his retirement into private life. It is needless to add, perhaps, that this little volume is written in very agreeable style. ------------------- Dr. Strong's "Systematic Theology" THE LITERARY critic can hardly be expected to do full justice to a massive work of scholarship like Dr. Strong's 'Systematic Theology.' In its present form - the second corrected and revised edition, and in reality the third expression in print of the author's lectures, - we have the ripe fruit of life long studies. Though the author is a stanch Baptist dogmatician, his work will be welcomed by many of the other 'names,' and enjoyed for its sturdy intellectuality, its crystalline clearness, its charm of diction, and its envy-creating wealth of illustration from all fields of literature and science. Dr. Strong calls his work 'a compendium and commonplace-book, designed for the use of theological students.' With some knowledge, however, of text-books of theology easily accessible to, or usable by, busy laymen, we can most hearily recommend the book as the best for those who cannot give their whole time to study and verification. It will be read largely beyond the pale of the immersionist Christians, because so rich and full on the truths common to all Christians who hold the historic faith. The main points of thesis are set in larger type, the comment, illustration and prooftexts being in smaller print, and all Scripture in a special typography. The bibiliography is full, and the work thus serves as a guide into (and out of) the labyrinth of theological literature. The volume is made futher and eminently serviceable by fifty-eight pages of indexes; subjects, authors, texts, canonical and apocryphal, and words Hebrew or Greek, being clearly pointed out. There are points which tempt us to criticism and discussion, but they are questions of opinion and not of literary taste or facts; so we forbear. Whatever one may think of the opinions expressed or doctrines taught, as a piece of literary mechanism this stately volume is from a workman who needs not to be ashamed. ----------- [footnote] *Systematic Theology. By Augustus Hopkins Strong, D.D. $5, New York; A.C. Armstrong & Son. [next column] Some Recent Educational Works TEXT-BOOKS drop as plentifully on our table as manna, - textbooks practical and unpractical, original and compiled, fantastic and sensible. Publishers are moving heaven and earth to outdo each other in the honorable ambition of excelling their rivals in the trade, -- incidently, too, in tossing Grub Street a bone. First on our list come two admirable German publications - Chamisso's 'Peter Schlemihl' and 'German Poetry for Beginners,' - edited for theClarendon Press Series by Miss Emma S. Buckheim, a lady who follows closely in the footsteps of a distinguished father well-known to all the world as one of the most conscientious of German editors. Chamisso's masterpiece is provided with full notes and vocabulary, an introduction of a literary-biographical character, and a beautifully printed page. The 'Poetry for Beginners' is of the simplest, sweetest an soundest, designed to store young minds with morsels of the daintiest food for remembrance and rumination. The play of Red Riding-Hood concludes the compilation, which is full of notes and has a glossary, too. (50 cts. each. Macmillan & Co.) ------------------- NEXT COMES Prof. H.C.G. Brandt's long-looked-for 'German Reader,' which is designed to accompany his grammar and supply interesting reading material for a first year's work in German, - edited not from other readers, and thus full of surreptitious error, but from the original texts. It contains references to Whitney's, Joyne's, and Brandt\'s grammars, and has the valuable feature in its vocabulary of pointing out cognated English workds by capitalized type. This reader is likely to be a lively competitor of Whitney's. ($1.25. Allyn & Bacon.) --- AMONG THE fantastic if useful new helps to French and German may be mentioned A. Muzzarelli's 'Antonymes de la Langue Francaise.' ($1. Wm. R. Jenkins), and 'Deutsch's Drillmaster in German,' by Solomon Deutsch ($1.75. Baker & Taylor Co.) The former endeavors to suggest and increase vocabularies by their opposites: good will suggest bad, oui will suggest non, and the like; a sort of gammatical allopathy as ingenious as it is novel. The book is altogether in French and pursues the antithetical method through eighty exercises. We can imagine it very instructive (for advanced classes) in the hands of a vivacious and interested teacher. Prof. Deutsch's 'Drillmaster' also is original in its methods: it is based upon the two principles of gradation and repetition. the subject-matter of the book is divided into sections of fifty numbers, each containing about four sentences, followed by an English review-exercise of the same length; so that the first one hundred numbers contain about eight hundred sentences. These contain only masculine nouns of one declension. Next, the neuter and then the feminine nouns are similarily taken up and exhausted. By this system of taking one difficulty at a time,* - gender, for instance, - the grammar is simplified, and in the sentences used, families of related words are brought together and associated in the student's mind. Upon this follows Prof. Deutsch's second principle of repetition, the value of which all teachers will recognize, particularly in an oral, conversational grammar like this, which takes about 1200 words and sentences and teaches through them the whole of German ordinary syntax and practice. ---------------------- LONGMAN'S, GREEN & CO. send out an excellent little volume of French plays called 'Theatre de la Jeunesse,' edited by Mrs Hugh Bell, and intended for either school or drawing-room. A curious omission is the failure to indicate the authors of the plays. They are very short and are admirably adapted for acting. (90 cts.) -THE 'ANECDOTES NOUVELLES' of A. de Rougemont is a valuable help to memorizing French and acquiring a vocabulary from anecdotes and bons mots charming to read. (30 cts. Chas. E. Merrill & Co.) - THE STUDY of Victor Hugo's great prose masterpieces is fittingly introduced by Prof. Boielle's edition of the prose-poet's first romance, 'Bug Jargal' written in a fortnight by a boy of sixteen. (40 cts.) It is accompanied by notes, and is one of the capital Modern Language Series. In it one can already foresee the powerful profile of 'Notre Dame de Paris.' 'Travailleurs de la Mer' and 'Le Roi s'Amuse.' That a boy in his teens should be able to write such a romance seems incredible. Instructor Babbitt of Harvard University edits for us in the same series Holberg's 'Niels Klim's Wallfahrt in die Unterwelt' (15 cts.), a satirical work which imitates Swift's 'Gulliver,' and flagellates the clergy. Holberg was brilliant Scandinavian whose comedies are as witt as Moliere's. It is therefore, not an original work but a translation into German, none the less welcome for that reason. Since Orpheus and 'pious' AEneas descended into Hades, there has been no lack of venturesome literary voyagers in the same direction, (D.C. Heath & Co.) -OLLENDORFF'S METHOD has been popular for half a century or so. A renewed evidence of the vogue it has attained is the new edition of his 'Spanish Grammar,' originally published in 1848. The 'conversational' method, accompanied by abundant exercise in idiom and phraseology, has helped many people in a hurry to The Critic 232 Number 332 'get up' their Spanish. This 'new' method is now a thrice-told tale: but 'should auld acquaintance be forgot?' Newer and much more ambitious methods have accomplished far fewer results; and so long as we cook our diplomats in a hurry, we ought to provide them with expeditious methods of acquiring the tongues of the people to whom they are accredited. They may (like the Hon. Perry Belmont) be decapitated almost before they have reached Spanish or other soil. ($1, D. Appleton & Co.) ALONG WITH these modern language volumes goes an excellent edition of the first four books of Xenophon's 'Anabasis,' by Profs. F. W. Kelsey and A. C. Zenos. This immortal work is as perennial as Homer--or Télémaqne. In the present edition, numerous notes, a complete vocabulary to the 'Anabasis,' and useful colored illustrations of armor and military costumes render this text a valuable one for schools. It follows Colbert and the German line of philologists. Xenophon's Greek is like distilled wine-so clear and calm and cool that one sees through it into the heart of those throbbing times volume to the already countless English grammars. It is entitled 'A Practical English Grammar.' The author is a pupil of Prof. F. A March and may be safely trusted to teach only sound doctrine. His book is elementary, contains the now inevitable diagrams, and has useful hints on punctuation and on erroneous English. (60 Cts. Christopher Sower and Co) --We agree with Prof. J.E. Whitney, in his pamphlet, 'The Continued Allegory in the First Book of the ferry Queene'. that Spenser has not received from English scholars the attention which has been given to Chaucer, Shakespeare, Shelley, and Browning. about whom whirl in giddy revolution admiring 'societies' and learned circles. Spencers vocabulary is of vaast importance lexicographically, and has never been exploited as it deserves. Prof. Whitney's paper explores Spencer's use of certain sort of allegory, an almost neglected field,-- and its author writes a suggestive essay thereon. (American Philological Association.) Prof. F.W. Kelsey's 'Outline of Greek and Roman Mythology ' contains a pamphlet full of very valuable and helpful information for students of the Greek and Roman classics who are apt to get their gods and goddesses 'mixed.) Prof. Kelsey adopts Andrew Lang's view of the origin of myths as more reasonable than mUller-Cox Spencer view, which refers everything to the 'radiant light' hypothesis and skips gayly from one myth to another without great concern as to how they originated. Each chapter is accompanied by an excellent bibliography, and the whole is well arranged for methodologically inclined 'quiz club.' (25 cents. Allyn & Bacon.)-- Judge W. W. Howe tells all there is to tell about 'The Municipal History of New Orleans; in No. 4 of the seventh series of Johns Hopkins University Political Science Monographs. It is nearly 200 years since LaSalle picked his perilous way down from Canada and discovered the Mississippi, and about 172 since New Orleans was founded. The pamphlet is meager but modest, yet appears to scant justice to the vast charities of New Orleans. Perhaps , however, this would come under the head of a complete history of New Orleans, of which there is foison in the works of Gayarre, Martin, Cable, and Maurice Thompson. (25 cts. Baltimore: N. Murray.) Mr. J. G. Fitch, inspector of training colleges in England, came over to this country in 1888 to study our school system ; and the results of his observations, first presented in a report to the English educational authorities, have now been republished in a small volume at the request of several American educators. The work opens with an introductory chapter on the difference between the educational organizations of the two countries and the relations of the state authorities toward the schools--a chapter designed to correct certain misapprehensions that often arise in each country as to the school system of the other. The author's opinion of our public schools is in the main very favorable, though he maintains that they give no better education than is now given by the elementary schools of England. His chief criticism of the system in in regard to the minuteness of the rules laid down for the teachers, and of course for the pupils, to follow ; the grading, the modes of teaching and other matters being so strictly prescribed that no room is left for the spontaneity of the teacher or the individuality of the pupil. This defect in our schools has attracted notice among ourselves, and Mr. Fitch's remarks upon it out to be carefully pondered by those who have the schools in charge. Our training colleges--or, as we call them, normal schools--he finds altogether too few in number for the work they have to do; but he speaks with much interest of the teachers' associations, reading-circles, and other organizations designed to help teachers in their work. Altogether, the book is an interesting one. (60cts. Macmillan & Co.) THE LEADING IDEA in Annie Chambers-Ketchum's 'Botany for Academics and Colleges' is fairly stated in the second title : 'Plant Development and Structure from Sea-Weed to Clematis.' It is a considerable advance on the botanical text-books of the past, copied as systematically by most of those of the present as if no progress whatever had been made by botanists in the last dozen years. In the present work, the student is early informed of the leading principle of modern biology, that of classification by the most persistent characters ; and in accordance with this principle is led to study the floral organs from their most rudimentary beginnings in the cryptogams to the perfect flower types of lotus and ranunculus. He is made to see that each great advance in floral development is accompanied by a corresponding change in general structure. A chapter on geological botany affords additional proofs of the of this law ; but the many apparent exceptions are noted, and the face that 'classification is a network and not a chain' is properly insisted on. Under the head of 'Physiology,' all the parts of the plant are more fully examined ; and under 'Phytotomy,' the intimate anatomy of cells and vessels. This arrangement, while it has the advantage of presenting a sound general view at the outset, necessarily leads to repetition and a certain lack of concentration, which might be remedied, in part, by a more thorough system of cross-references. The author's remarks on the chemical and physical forces concerned in plant life should be either omitted or much extended. They are of little value as they stand. And, while we are occupied with fault-finding, we had better say that the illustrated cover called for by certain references should have been supplied, or the illustrations in question should have been added to the many good ones in the text. An admirably condensed ' Manual ' of the natural orders and alliances is bound in, and may, it seems, be obtained separately. ($1. J. B. Lippincott Co.) IN 'NATURAL HISTORY OBJECT-LESSIONS,' Mr George Ricks presents to teachers a systematized body of information about plants and animals, and a scheme for a series of object-lessons in which the like information is to be conveyed to pupils. Both parts of his work are well done. Only so much space is given to classification and nomenclature as is necessary to make the succeeding remarks about the structures and uses of various plants and animals easily understood. The 'Specimen Lessons'--beginning with 'Paws and Claws,' 'The Cocoa-Nut,' 'Cotton and Wool,' and proceeding to such subjects as the 'Kinds of Animals,' 'Leather' and the structure of skins, 'Insects' and their metamorphoses--are particularly good. The text is well illustrated, and there are several full-page outline drawings for reproduction on the blackboard. ($1.35. D.C. Heath & Co.)--ALPHONSO WOOD'S 'Lessons in Botany,' like most text-books of the science written twenty years ago, was designed mostly to enable the student to make use of a flora, and consisted almost wholly of definitions of botanical terms. In editing it and writing some new chapters on physiological botany, Dr. Oliver R. Willis has adhered to this plan, which, however, in his hands has been made to convey more important information than in those of his predecessor. Owing in great part to his work, and to an abundance of good illustrations, the present edition of the book is capable of being used to good purpose by a clever teacher. Without such a teacher, it is very likely to be found dry and indigestible ($1. A. S. Barnes & Co.) IT IS ALWAYS a pleasure to read anything that Prof. Charles A. Young of Princeton writes, and it must be a gratification to all lovers of sound knowledge that one so eminently qualified both as a teacher and investigator has been willing to undertake the preparation of a series of text-books on astronomy. Somewhat more than a year ago the first of these appeared ; it has already won recognition as probably the best general treatment of astronomy that can be put into the hands of advanced college-classes. And now a second volume is issued, designed for use in high schools and academies. The 'Elements of Astronomy' is not merely a condensation of the larger work, but the whole treatment has been modified to suit the requirements of the high-school course. But, while simplified, the treatment is very thoroughgoing within the limits prescribed. This is well exemplified by the discussion of the rotation of the earth, the evidence for it, its effect on gravity, the form of the earth, etc.; the chapter on celestial mechanics, also, with it discussion of the tides, is admirable; and that on comets and meteors presents a most interesting view of the relations of these classes of bodies. One other feature calls for special notice: the author throughout the book describes simple methods, capable May 10 1890 The Critic 233 of being readily understood and appreciated by the student, by which the important astronomical facts are established, some being also historically interesting, as, for example, the way in which Hipparchus discovered the precession of the equinoxes, and Kepler's method of finding the sizes and forms of the planetary orbits. There is an appendix containing some discussions supplementary to the text, an account of the various methods of determining the sun's distance, and a chapter on astronomical instruments, with full tables of constants. The volume also includes a uranography with star-maps and brief accounts of the various constellations, giving some of the most interesting objects, double stars, clusters, and nebulae. This portion of the book may be obtained in separate form, and will be found useful in acquiring that innocent accomplishment, a knowledge of the constellations. The widened range which astronomy gives to the imagination, the view which it presents of the universe as an orderly system, the exactness of its deductions, and the varied interests of its more apparent phenomena, have all contributed to make this a popular science, as it is a most elevating one. But to reap the full benefit of its study, some knowledge also must be attained of the methods, theories and outstanding problems of modern physical astronomy, and in this respect the present volume is unusually satisfactory. The disciplinary and educational value of the thorough study of a book like this can hardly be overestimated. ($1.40. Boston: Ginn & Co.) 'METHODS FOR MIND-TRAINING; or Concentrated Attention,' by Catherine Aiken, is an account of a system of intellectual gymnastics devised by the author and employed by her in a young ladies' school. She holds that want of attention is the chief hindrance to intellectual progress on the part of pupils, and hence she has devised certain exercises by which the power of attention may be increased. For instance, she reads to her pupils a passage consisting of several sentences, and by fixing closely their attention upon it, the young ladies are able to repeat it correctly after hearing it once read. That the attention can be thus trained for special purposes, we do not doubt; but we very much doubt if such training has any great influence on the general intellectual capacity of the pupils. Miss Aiken does not report any remarkable results in this respect; and it seems to us that the right thing to do is to rouse in the pupil an interest in the subject of study, and then the attention will take care of itself. (Stamford, Conn.)--THERE IS a dateless charm about The Spectator papers referring to Sir Roger de Coverley; and in adding them to the Student's Series of English Classics, Principal A. S. Roe of the Worchester High School has made an appreciable addition to the value of that series. He aids the reader with useful notes and definitions, and suggests that 'a good cyclopaedia, a classical dictionary and a London Guide will add zest to the reading.' Letter 410 is omitted, as usual, Tickell, instead of Addison, being now credited with its authorship. (42 cts. Leach, Shewell & Sanborn.)---'PRACTICAL QUESTIONS in United States History,' compiled by James H. Callahan, for use in connection with any standard text-book on the subject, is a small, 'leatherette'-covered book, very easy to read and convenient to handle. The arrangement is by topics. (40 cts. Rochester Educational Gazette Co.) 'GRAPHIC METHODS in Teaching' is the title of an essay by Charles Barnard, with an introduction by John F. Woodhull, A.B. The methods recommended by Mr. Barnard have long been used in charting variations of temperature and other series of facts. He proposes to apply the system to school work, not only in presenting to the pupils tabular view of all matters that may be so presented, by by causing the pupils themselves to record their own observations in like manner. His essay is a full exposition of the educational value of these methods. Mr. Woodhull's Introduction goes into the larger subject of the need of exact training in the physical sciences, for the study of which the plan in question is a most appropriate means. (20 cts. New York College for the Training of Teachers.)---DR. LARKIN DUNTON has hit on the right way of teaching geography in Vols. V.-VI. of his Young Folks' Library. This is to start with his readers' own experiences, show them how to express their conceptions of space in charts and plans, to take bearings and measurements, and map out their school-yard or their village, before introducing them to globes and atlases. He similarly proceeds from the known to the unknown in describing first the imported productions of each country, and next such of its peculiarities as can only be shown in woodcuts or left to the imagination. His phraseology is simple enough to be understood by young children. (36 cts. each. Silver, Burdett & Co.) 'EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS,' by Albert L. Arcy, is another indication of the growing recognition of the importance of the study of physical science in schools. It is by degrees becoming understood that a course of elementary physical experiments, to be carried out by the students themselves, is easily within the resources of ordinary schools, and that a great deal can be accomplished with very little outlay, especially if the teacher has some natural ingenuity. The little volume under consideration gives, in compact form, convenient for school use, about seventy experiments in elementary physics for beginners. These are well selected, and there is scarcely one that it could be wished to omit. They involved simple measurements and quantitative determinations in the various departments of physics, the apparatus required being of the simplest nature and easily within reach of any school. An excellent feature is the suggestion, when possible, of simple forms for tabulating observations, the form containing also columns for results derived from the observations, the simple inspection of these results suitably arranged often leading the student to recognize at once the law that holds for that particular case. These forms are printed on blank pages facing the text where the experiment is describes, perhaps with the idea that the book itself may be also used as the note-book for recording results. It is a most important part of the advantage resulting from laboratory practice that students learn to systematically discuss their observations and interpret them, and the first step toward extracting the meaning of a series of observations is their orderly arrangement. Any one who has seen the interest that students take in performing the simplest experiments in mechanics, and recognized the judgment and thought often exercised and the indelible impressions retained from such work, will never question that these simple laboratory exercises may become a most valuable part of school teaching. (75 cents. Syracuse, N. Y.: C. W. Bardeen.) 'LONGMAN'S SCHOOL COMPOSITION,' by David Salmon, is a work of an elementary character containing some very good points and some of more doubtful utility. It consists of two parts, the first containing a large number of easy exercises, the second treating of the choice and arrangement of words and the construction of sentences, while both parts deal extensively with questions of grammar. The exercises in the first part consist of brief compositions of which the leading points are given; stories in verse to be turned into prose, with some others of even a simpler character. The chapters on the choice of words and their arrangement in sentences contain much that is suggestive and can hardly fail to be useful; but the grammatical parts of the treatise seem to us hardly equal in quality to the rest, and they are, besides, of disproportionate in length. Nor can we in all cases subscribe to Mr. Salmon's views on points of grammatical propriety, some of the expressions that he condemns or deprecates seeming to us to be good English. Moreover, we doubt the advisability of introducing such an enormous number of specimens of bad English 'to be corrected'; for it seems to us that the pupil who reads so many of them is liable to catch that contagion himself, and to write badly because he reads so much that is badly written. We would therefore give no examples of bad grammar except merely to illustrate the most common violations of the rules. (80 cts. Longmans, Green & Co.) SOME YEARS AGO, Mr. E. V. De Graff published a book entitled 'The School Room Guide' which has proved so popular that a seventieth edition, revised and enlarged, has been issued. The author being now dead, the revision has been entrusted to other hands; but the substance of the book remains for the most part unaltered. The main object of the work is to give hints to teachers as to the best mode of teaching the branches of knowledge that are pursued in the public schools; and an examination of the book shows that it contains much of real value. Whether treating of reading, arithmetic, history, or any other theme, the author offer pregnant hints and suggestions that can hardly fail to be usfeul, especially to those who are just beginning to teach. We cannot undertake to give an exposition of his views; but one cannot read many pages of the work without seeing that it is both thoughtful and practical. The last chapter, on 'School Management,' has also been issued separately as a pamphlet under the title 'Pedagogical Primers, No. 1.,' and contains much in a little space. ($1.50. Syracuse: C. W. Bardeen.) MR. GEORGE G. CHISHOLM, a fellow of the Royal Geographical and Statistical Societies of Great Britian, has produced a volume of exceptional interest to merchants, teachers, and general students. In his 'Handbook of Commercial Geography,' a comely volume of over five hundred pages, he gives in epitome the location, nature and quality of the chief natural and artificial products of the globe. His interesting introductory chapter treats of the general facts relating to the production, distribution and exchange of commodities. He then details the points most desirable to be known about these vegetable, mineral and animal products. Each country is then set The Critic 234 Number 332 in review, and we have, in reality, a library of little commercial cyclopædias. The result of a lifetime of reading and examination of all the phenomena and conditions of production are set before us in a style that is singularly readable and pleasing. On the twenty-nine maps are marked density of population, railroads, crops, rainfall, limits of navigation of the rivers, etc. We find that the author is fully up to the times, and even to the year of publication (1889), a great many facts relating to Africa, Burmah, Korea, and other countries newly entered in the race for commercial progress, being set in their proper place. With its elaborate tables, statistics and index, we have in this volume the gist of a ton of books of description. ($5. Longmans, Green & Co.) Magazine Notes Harper's for May has an uncommonly light and varied table-of-contents. Theodore Child discourses about 'Some Modern French Painters''--Puvis de Chavannes, Cazin, Aimé Marot, Dagnan Bouveret, and Henri Lerolle being the chosen ones. There are very good portraits by Paul Renouard and some other illustrations of which the best is a woodcut of Lerolle's picture, 'L'Arrivée des Bergers.' John Austin Stevens takes us a round of the 'Old New York Taverns,' and Howard Pyle pictures their bowling-greens, their signs, their reading-rooms, and the big wigs and stiff skirts and sedan-chairs of the last century. The 'Shadow of a Dream' is continued. Prof. Butcher writes on 'The Evolution of Humor' an article so learned that there's no fun in it. But that defect is supplied, and to spare, by Edward Everett Hale's short story 'Susan's Escort.' It is the humor of evolution. Louise Imogen Guiney in 'English Lyrics under the First Charles' gives us portraits and verses of James Graham, Marquis of Montrose, the boyish Sir John Suckling, the bullet-headed Quarles, the long-headed Herbert, Herrick with his magnificent Roman nose, Lovelace in armor, Wither in lace and Carew in a slashed doublet. The portraits are from old prints. Scribner's for May has a long and very well illustrated article on 'Barbizon and Jean-François Millet' by T. H. Bartlett. A portrait after a photograph, a view of Millet's house and garden, a view of the main street of Barbizon after Th. Robinson, and one of the interior of Millet's studio are the best of the pictures. The article gives a very interesting account of the daily life and habits of Millet and his friends; and in particular throws a new light on the artist's impecuniosity. 'The Theatres of Japan,' by T. J. Nakagawa, gives an account of the modern dramatic exhibitions of that country, dating from the seventeenth century only. The vastly more ancient pantomimic dances called No are mentioned and illustrated, but the article is mainly devoted to the Japanese drama proper, and the theatres in which it is given. There are views of interiors and exteriors of these barn-like edifices, green-room views, and scenes from celebrated plays, drawn by native artists. The author, while admitting that reforms are needed both in the lives of the actors and in their art, seems to fear that the reforming party in Japanese dramatic matters are inclined to destroy all national characteristics. He would hold by the old dress, the old historical plays and the day-long representations. The circumstances in which Madame de Stael wrote her famous novel 'Corinne' are detailed by Eugene Schuyler in a lively and agreeable article. He reminds us that the Academy of the Arcadians still exists at Rome; he has even been present at one of its meetings.'Corinne,' he says, 'is Madame de Stael as she would have been glad to be.' Lady Davy, wife of the great Sir Humphrey, who posed as the original of the character, is dismissed in a gossiping paragraph. The Magazine of American History has a frontispiece after the painting by Wilkie of Columbus explaining his theory of a New World to the Prior of the Convent where he stopped to ask for bread for his little son. The opening article is on 'Spanish Pioneer Houses in California,' by Charles Howard Shinn. It is followed by a portrait of Philip Livingston, 'the signer,' from a painting in the possession of S. Van Rensselaer Cruger. One of the longest articles is on 'The Constitutional Aspect of Kentucky's Struggle for Autonomy, 1784-1792,' by President Warfield of Miami University. Mrs. Lamb's description of the frontispiece includes the experience of Columbus at the old Spanish Convent and his subsequent summons to the Court of Isabella. Among the shorter papers are 'Chauncey M. Depew on Washington Irving'; 'Duel of Button Gwinnett, the Signer,' by Col. Charles C. Jones; and 'Glimpses of the Interior of Africa,' by Prof. Henry Drummond. THREE prizes of fifty, thirty, and twenty dollars, respectively, are offered by Public Opinion, Washington, for the three best essays, not exceeding 2000 words, on the subject of 'The Study of Current Topics as a Feature of School, Academy and College Education.' The award will be made by a committee of three well-known educators. The prize essay will be published on July 5. Brazilian Literature 'UNTIL within about sixty years, the literary movement of Brazil represented only a small brook whose waters were pouring into the great stream of Portuguese literature.' This opinion of a living Brazilian critic and historian of Brazilian literature, suggests the intimacy and power of the connection of the American viceroyalty with the mother kingdom. Valera has lately shown how the same thing held true of Spain and her possessions across the sea; especially how the latter took the tone in all their nascent literature from the standards and methods of the land to which they looked for legislation literary as well as political. Only an occasional and furtive bit of local color is reflected in the literary productions of Brazilians before 1822, the date of independence, and all is as directly and consciously intended for the latitude of Portugal as if written in Lisbon. This at least furthered the international literary exchange which so constantly went on. If the balance of this trade was largely in favor of Portugal, she at any rate received from her faithful colony one of the most noted dramatists of her eighteenth-century roll, Antonio José da Silva. Born at Rio de Janeiro in 1705, he carried his talents to Lisbon, where they had the misfortune to run foul of the Inquisition, and their possessor was burnt, on the ground of being a Jew, in 1739. Mexico's gift of Alarcón to Spain, just a hundred years before, is an interesting literary parallel, though luckily lacking the tragic end. The first name of any importance in the history of Brazilian literature is that of Bento Teixeira Pinto. He was born in Pernambuco, in 1540, and was both a poet and prose-writer. THe seventeenth century has quite a list, most prominent in which are the brothers, Euzebio and Gregorio de Mattos, of Bahia, the first a preacher, poet, musician, designer, and sculptor, the second a satirist who has been called the Brazilian Rabelais; Manuel Botelho de Oliveira, a famous poet; Diogo Gomes Carneiro, Chronicler-General of Brazil with a royal pension; the still more noted historians Jabatao and Rocha Pitta; and the dramatist Jose Borges de Barros. Writers crowd thick in the eighteenth century, though few names of weight, even from the Brazilian standpoint, are to be encountered. Silva has already mentioned, and besides him two poets deserve notice if only because they dared to break away from the literary tradition and allow the influence of their own tropical sky to enter into their verse, thus heralding the coming of a genuine Brazilian literature. Their names are Thomaz Gonzaga (1744-1809), and Antonio Berreira de Souza Caldas (1762-1814). A distinguished botanist, Jose Mariano da Conceicao Velloso, left a great work, the 'Flora Fluminensis,' which makes his fame secure; his name is given to the most flourishing association for the advancement of the study of natural science in Brazil--the 'Vellosian Society.' Of the writers of contemporary Brazil we have a very sympathetic account in the article on Brazilian literature prepared by F. J. de Santa-Anna Nery for the sumptuous work, "le Bresil en 1889.' published by the Brazilian Committee at the Paris Exposition. Dating the true beginning of Brazilian literature at 1822, he admits that it has not yet been able to shake itself clear of foreign influence. Superadded to the deep Portuguese impress was the immense effect of the triumphant romantic school of France, whose influence, says Senhor Nery, persists altogether too strongly to this day, so that 'the man who is to open to our literature a purely national view does not seem yet to have been born.' Nor have the conditions been favorable to the production of a writing class. 'The man of letters is extremely rare. So far, with us, one is a member of Parliament, a diplomat, a physician, a lawyer--and a literary man only in a secondary sense.' Still, the number of men who have written as an avocation is large, and some of their work is meritorious. Poetry is the form of composition which has the greatest attraction for the Portuguese genius, as it has also for the Spanish, and the Brazilian poets of this century are to be counted by scores. Three names, however, stand out clear of all the rest. Domingos Jose Goncalves de Magalhaes, Viscount of Araguaya, whose dates are 1811-1882, had an extraordinary literary influence upon the generation between 1840 and 1860. An acknowledged disciple of Hugo, his verses reveal exalted Christian faith, and a patriotism which is at once tender and impassioned. Antonia Goncalves Dias (1823-1864), came as near as possible to being a genuine Brazilian poet. His 'First Songs,' published in 1847, won for him the greatest fame in his own country, and the enthusiastic commendation of the great Portuguese critic, Alexandre Herculano. Araujo Porte-Alegre, Baron of Santo-Angelo (1806-1879), wrote numerous poems, the longest and best known of which is an epic on Columbus. In other ways he showed his leaning to patriotic subjects, and has his chief significance as a worker in American literary soil. Next to poetry, fiction is most cultivated by those who write in May 10 1890 The Critic 235 Brazil. The original novelist has a harder row to hoe than the poet, speaking from the point of view of encouragement and financial return, as newspaper and magazine publishers look with favor only upon translations of foreign works of fiction. Still, there have been a few successful novelists, and many ambitious young writers are now struggling to give the novel its naturalization papers in Brazil. The two most distinguished names in this field are Jose de Alencar and Joaquin Manoel de Macedo. The 'Guaranay' of the former has passed through many editions, and has inspired the composition of an opera based upon it. 'Senhora' is regarded as his masterpiece by the judicious. Maced's 'The Brunett' has registered the greatest success of any book ever published in Brazil, in point of copies sold. The drama has always had a prominent place in Brazil. The Jesuit explorers were quick to recognize the predilection of the natives for dramatic representations, and utilized it by means of mystery plays. Yet popular as the theatre is, the number of dramatic writers is small; foreign importations hold the boards. Two of the three poets named above and the two novelists just mentioned are the ones who have made the most notable contributions to the native Brazilian drama. In the department of historical writing, some solid work has been done, naturally limited almost entirely to the history of Brazil. The classic 'History of Brazil' is by Varnhagen, Viscount of Porto-Seguro, who also wrote a large number of historical works bearing upon Brazilian affairs. The greatest living authority on the history of Brazil is Jose Maria Da Silva Paranhos, Baron of Rio-Branco. His principal book is an edition of Schneider's 'The war with Paraguay and the Triple Alliance,' in which he has printed a large body of notes displaying surprising erudition. Oratory is a national Brazilian gift, and has been highly cultivated for many years. Probably the most noted pulpit orator of the present is the Bishop of Para, who preaches in Portuguese, in French, and in Italian, with equal facility and success. Parliamentary oratory has countless exponents; perhaps the most unique of all is the celebrated Senator, Silveira Martins, who represents a large district of a mixed population, each element of which, German, Italian, French, Portuguese, and even Indian, he is able to address in its own language with rugged eloquence. Journalism absorbs a large proportion of Brazilian talent--as was witnessed in the late revolution, when two journalists entered the Provisional Cabinet. Literary and scientific societies abound in the large cities, and libraries are very generally to be found throughout the country. There are twenty in Rio de Janeiro; the National Library has 150,000 printed books, 7000 manuscripts, and more than 20,000 engravings. Dom Pedro was at once an example and a supporter of sound learning, and it will be interesting to observe the effect of the withdrawal of his personality upon the literary and scientific movement of Brazil. Rollo Ogden. -- The Lounger EX PEDE HERCULEM! In a shop window in Broadway is displayed a neatly written cards, which bears this simple legend: 'Let this man come right in. A. Lincoln.' The date is 'Dec. 12, 1864.' Those were stirring times at Washington, and 'this man' must have been a very important personage to have received so imperative a passport to the White House. The head of the Secret Service at least, one would say, if not some greater power than he. And in one sense it was a secret mission on which the bearer was permitted to enter the august presence of the President of the United States. For Mr. Lincoln, his record for manliness to the contrary, was in reality a 'tender-foot,' and 'this man' was a shoemaker the wearing of whose handiwork was calculated to give relief to all who suffered from ill-fitting or ill-made boots. Of this noble army of martyrs, Mr. Lincoln, it seems, was not the least; and the lead- pencil tracings which the cobbler made on the memorable occasion when he 'came right in,' displayed in the same frame with the passport, show that his feet, while normal as to size, were by no means free from those points from which signals of distress are wont to flash along innumerable nerves to the seat of consciousness. Something of the man might therefore be inferred from these simple charts of his lower extremities; yet they hardly hint the giant stature of the great-minded, warm-hearted, but apparently not large- footed man, who to-day stands next to Washington in the regard of the American people. -- The New York Dramatic Mirror has persuaded a score or so of New York managers to have 'The Star-Spangled Banner' played at the conclusion of every performance in their theatres. The principal houses have adopted the innovation, and Palmer's, Daly's, the Lyceum, the Fifth Avenue, etc., will be emptied hereafter to the strains of what the Mirror calls 'the national anthem.' But is 'The Star-Spangled Banner' the national anthem? Is it an anthem at all? An anthem is a sacred melody, and there is nothing especially 'sacred' about the song in question. If America has a national anthem, it is "my Country, 'tis of Thee.' As a national song, however, 'The Star-Spangled Banner' has at least as good a claim to recognition as any, and its adoption as a sort of recessional at the theatres would go far to ensure its general acceptance. As THE CRITIC said in 1887, the weight of precedent inclines in favor of the playing of this air on occasions when a national melody is appropriate. -- MR. S. S. McCLURE writes to us as follows: --'Under date of March 10 I received from Mr. Henry Norman, who has been corresponding for a syndicate of newspapers and acting as "special commissioner" of The Pall Mall Gazette on a trip around the world, a letter in which he said: "During my stay in Siam the King gave me a concession--a lease--of a gold mine, in his territory. . . . To-morrow at daylight I start for the mine and expect to be two months in the jungle. I take a mining expert, an interpreter, two Sikh soldier as escort, two servants, ten elephants, five sporting rifles, etc. I shall come out on the other side of the Malay peninsula, and probably go home for a month or two at once. But I don't mean to give up journalism."' Here speaks the spirit of the true newspaper man--not to be tempted from his vocation by all the wealth of Ormus and of Ind! -- THERE ARE a great many people who despise the dialect in literature. If they see 'Hoot, mon!' on a page, they close the book in disgust. But even these violent souls must acknowledge that Mr. Rudyard Kipling's "Barrack-Room Ballads' would lose much of their peculiar charm if written in Addisonian English. To be sure they can hardly be called dialect poems in the sense that Yorkshire and Highland Scotch are dialect; but they are as much so as the 'dialect poems' of Bret Harte or John Hay. HEre is the opening stanza of the latest ballad in the series appearing in The Scots Observor. It is called 'The Sons of the Widow':-- 'Ave you 'eard o' the Widow at Windsor With a hairy gold crown on 'er 'ead? She 'as ships on the foam--she 'as millions at 'ome, An' she pays us poor beggars in red. (Ow, poor beggars in red!) There's 'er nick on the cavalry 'orses There's 'er mark on the medical stores-- An' 'er troopers you'll find with a fair wind be'ind That takes us to various wars. (Poor beggars!--barbarious wars!) Then 'ere's to the Widow at Windsor. An' 'ere's to the stores an' the guns, The men an' the 'orses what makes up the forces O' Missis Victorier's sons, (Poor beggars!--Victorier's sons!) This is the way that Tommy Atkins would say it: doctor the h's, and you have it in the style of the officers' quarters; but it is of the life of the rank and file that Mr. Kipling writes. -- The Pall Mall Budget gives us some interesting information as to the anonymous author of 'Mark Rutherford' and 'The Revolution in Tanner's Lane,' two books that have attracted unusual attention from serious-minded novel-readers. The author is Mr. W. Hale White, a native of Bedford, England. He graduated in 1850 at New College, Edinburgh, and until recently held a prominent position in the Admiralty. The publisher's 'reader' to whom the 'Autobiography of Mark Rutherford' was originally submitted, about ten years ago, failed to discover its merits; not until the sequel appeared, three years later, did he appreciate its worth. A new volume by this author is announced by Macmillan & Co., who published the two earlier volumes. -- The Saturday Review, in a leader on "Reviews and the Public,' makes certain statements for the accuracy of which the London Literary World cordially vouches--the more cordially, I infer from the tone of its comment, for the reason that it so seldom agrees with the spirit of The Saturday's utterances, even when it recognizes their truth. These are 'the plain facts' to which our attention is respectfully directed:-- The public thinks that criticism, like more endearing caresses, goes by favour. THey not only believe this, but, if they had their way it would be so. When any member of the non-professional public writes a book, a song, or sermon, he and his relations begin to bestir themselves. They worry the cousins and aunts of people they know who have friends or relations connected with literature. They apply Thackeray's advice that, if you wish to be asked to a party you should ask to be asked. They desire to be reviewed favourably, and they ask for that benevolence either in their own interest or in that of their friends. They never dream 236 The Critic Number 332 that the merits of a work have anything to do with its favourable reception. _____ I suspect that the Reviewer who so heartily approves what he has said, speak from an intimate knowledge of their subjects; and I cannot say that my own experience has run counter to theirs. There are authors (not always 'professional' authors, nor usually so) who think that the right way to offer a book for review to a paper that prints notices of new publications, is to inscribe on a fly-leaf a few lines of affectionate greeting to the literary editor, and send it by special messenger. In one office that I wot of, fly-leaves so embellished are punctiliously lopped out before the volume goes to the reviewer; while if the title-page has been chosen as the alter on which to lay the author's offering, another copy of the work is procured for the purposes of the office. In this way the reviewer is kept in ignorance of the intimate relations assumed to exist between author and editor, and has no other problem presented to him for solution than that of speaking the plain truth in the most telling terms-- whether the truth be tart or saccharine. If it be sweet, the author flatters himself that he has pulled the wires with marvelous finesse. If it be bitter, or bitter-sweet, he holds the editor to be one of those crabbed souls who think nothing can be great or good if a friend has done it. 'So-and-so a brilliant writer? Nonsense! I've known him ever since he was so high!' But all authors--all novices, even-- are not such wire-pullers. I know of one who has written a book of verse that is to appear, not only without his name, but without any information being given to his friends of the press by which they can identify the book if they should wish to call attention to it. ______ Mr. Arthur Severn, in a speech at the opening of the Ruskin Museum at Sheffield, described a coaching trip which he made with Mr. Ruskin, some twenty years ago, from London to Brantwood. The journey, with a stoppings here and there, occupied three weeks. Ruskin had a coach built expressly for the purpose, ' a regular posting carriage,' Mr. Severn says 'with good strong wheels, a place behind the luggage, and cunning drawers inside it for all kinds of things' that might be required by the way. To make the thing complete, Ruskin insisted upon a position. The turn-out attracted crowds around the inns where it stopped, but this did not disturb Mr. Ruskins, as the attention was diverted from him to Mr. and Mrs. Servern, who were taken for a bride and groom on an eccentric wedding-journey. _____ Mr. Andrew Carnegie, in the Tribune of April 13, declared that the college-bred man was practically missing from the chief places in the business world, and sought to account for his absence. 'The prize takers have too many years the start of the graduate,' he said. In last Sunday's edition of the same paper, Mr. Carnegie's position was assailed by Present Depew of the New York Central Railroad, President Low of Columbia, President Ives of the Western National Bank, ex-Mayor Abram S. Hewitt, Vice-President Alexander of actual leaders in the business world who have had the advantage of college-training. It included the names of Messrs. Low, Depew, Hewitt and Ives, though modesty dictated the omission of the speaker's. 'If you ask my opinion on the value of an education,' said Mr. Hewitt, 'quote me as saying this: If I were offered a fortune without education, or an education without fortune, I should unhesitatingly accept the education.' The gauge of success, in his opinion, is not he magnitude of one's earnings; and the same ground was taken by the other critics of Mr. Carnegie's views. Mr. Carnegie is wrong in his estimate of the value of 'book learning' to the business man. He is fortunate himself, however, in having made up in after or the disadvantages of under which he labored in his youth. But his great success has not been due to his lack of early education: it has been achieved in spite of it. _____ Boston Letter There is a lull in the activity of the book trade here in Boston which is attributed to the disposition of buyers to postpone their dealings till the autumn, in connection wit the influence of the stormy weather in New England and the West several months ago in interfering with the purchases of the reading public. Thus the small dealers, who pursue a hand-to-mouth policy, instead of stimulating trade by liberal orders for books, would not buy of the large dealers except for immediate wants. It is the old story of the dependence of business prosperity upon its remoter sources. There is, however, considerable trade, though the volume is not so large as could be wished. An indication of the business of the coming autumn may be had from the fact that John Wilson & Sons (the University Press) have sixty books, averaging five hundred pages, under way which will take a setting of over fifty million ems. This is only a single illustration, and therefore instead of morning over the prevailing dulness in the book trade it should be regarded as preaging a gladsome future; and even the present condition of things may be useful in preventing publishers from getting their brains in unprofitable literary ventures. There is something about artistic life which makes it peculiarly attractive to cultured readers, and the fact that its unconventional ways are so different from those of the artificial world helps to keep popular interest alive in it. In 'Brushes and Chisels' which Lee & Shepard are to publish on May 10 the characterisitics of artist life in Rome are set forth in picturesque fashion by Teodoro Serrao, who has made his descriptions redolent of the Eternal City and of the class among which the scene is laid. A tragic love-story gives a deep human interest to the book, and there is a certain piquancy in the way in which idioms of the English language are trifled with by the author. Mr. George Makepeace Towle has a faculty of making the books which he writes for youth interesting to mature readers as well, and in 'Heroes and Martyrs of Invention,' which Lee & Shepard are to bring out on May 10, he has invested with fresh attractiveness the struggles, disappointments and successes of the famous inventors of all ages. These papers, which are set off by illustrations, originally appeared in Harper's Young People and have been revised and enlarged to adapt them for the use of readers in a more permanent form. In 'Stories of the Civil War,' which Lee & Shepard are to publish on May 10, Mr. Albert F. Blaisdell has availed himself of the best literature of the subject and has adapted his work for school and popular use. The book is fully illustrated. A special interest attaches to 'Marion Graham,' a religious novel which Lee & Shepard have just issued, because the author, who writes under the pseudonym of Meta Lander, is a member of a famous orthodox family. Her real name is Margaret Woods Lawrence; her father was Rev. Dr. Leonard Woods of Andover, and her brother is ex-President of Bowdoin College. She is the widow of Rev. Dr. Lawrence, another theological professor. While a believer in the Christian religion and illustrating its power over selfish interests, she has no sympathy with the rigid Calvinistic theology, and expresses her ideas in regard to it in a manner which is likely to create a sensation in denominational circles. 'Edward Burton,' by Henry Wood, author of 'Natural Law in the Business World,' which has just come from the press of Lee & Shepard, is also a novel with a purpose, and weaves into its picturesque story of love and ambition reflections upon sociological, ethical and theological subjects while preserving an optimistic spirit in its presentation of character and life. 'The Influence of Sea Power Upon History,' by Capt. A. T. Mahan, United States Navy, opens up interesting views of maritime strength in determining important historical issues and puts in a new light the relations of armies and navies in settling the destinies of nations. This book, which Little, Brown & Co. have just published, contains twenty-five charts of great naval battles. Henryk Sienkiewicz is a Polish novelist of very high reputation and his historical romance, 'With Fire and Sword,' which the same firm are to bring out on May 27, has a fine subject for his powers of description and characterization in the Cossack war under King John Kazimir, which forms the background of his pictures of life and manners of the period. He is said to touch the springs of humor and pathos with a master hand. In May, also, 'The Begum's Daughter,' by Edwin Lasseter Bynner, is to be published by Little, Brown & Co. and the interest which it has excited as a serial in The Atlantic is an indication of its popularity in book form. It will be finely illustrated by T. F. Merrill, and the pencil will worthily supplement the pen in the delineation of the scenes and characters of Knickerbocker life. The New England Magazine for May opens with an article on 'Mr. Howells's Latest Novels' by Hamlin Garland, in which the author is credited with a great advance in his art as marked by his insight into the life of humanity. The photograph of the novelist shows a coarser expression than is natural to him. 'Along the North Shore in a Runabout' is a graphic illustrated descriptive paper by Elizabeth B. Walling. Marion A. McBride writes sympathethically of 'Some Old Dorchester Homes' which are fine examples of the domestic architecture of a century ago. William M. Salter has a brief but inspiring paper on 'Ethics in Politics.' 'Washington's Interest in Education' is an instructive Old South prize essay by Julian K. Ordway. Stuart Sterne has a pathetic love-story called 'Campanula.' The second of 'Stories of the Fugitive May 10 1890 The Critic 237 Slaves,' by Nina Moore Tiffany, is about Shadrack. Allen Eastman Cross has an earnest poetic tribute to a victim of Russian tyranny, entitled 'Kara,' which is accompanied by a portrait of George Kennan. 'The Story of the Cotton Gin,' by Edward Craig Bates, tells of the trials and achievements of Eli Whitney in developing his invaluable invention. Dr. Edward E. Hale's Tarry at Home Travel is bright and discursive as usual. The Club of Odd /volumes has just been incorporated, in order to enlarge its field of usefulness, increase its membership, and secure such facilities as the Grolier Club of New York possesses in suitable quarters for exhibitions of books and prints, and for entertainment of members and guests. An attempt is being made by the Trustees of the Museum of Fine Arts to raise by subscription $80,000 for the purchase of the Morse collection of Japanese pottery. Several liberal contributions have been already secured, and it is hoped that $40,000 will be raised by July 1. BOSTON, May 5, 1890. ALEXANDER YOUNG. ______238 The Critic Number 332 however, is very simple. The Blackwoods, in sturdily adhering to the northern Capital as their headquarters, are as true to their traditions as are Longmans, Green & Co. in not budging an inch from Paternoster Row. Blackwood cares nothing about Paternoster Row; from 'Auld Reekie'—the 'Auld Reekie' of Scott, and Burns, of Christopher North, Lord Jeffrey, and scores of other literary giants who all clustered round William Blackwood, the founder of the firm, like bees round a honey-jar, 'Maga' has ever issued, and will continue to issue as long as it exists. Go to 45 George Street, Edinburgh, and you will find still there the pillared portico, up whose steps so many anxious applicants have passed, and the 'Old Saloon' wherein so many beating hearts have had to 'bide their time' and turn,—you will find stone and mortar standing, and the rare old portraits of the 'Wizard of the North' and of the 'Ettrick Shepard' still, as of yore, looking down upon you from the faded walls. But alas! you will find no more him who was erst the moving spirit of the whole; you will never again be met by the stately greeting, the forebearing, encouraging courtesy, the infinite patience and kindliness, joined to the wisdom, the foresight, the acumen and discernment of that rightly termed 'prince of editors and publishers,' the late Mr. John Blackwood. April 16. L. B. WALFORD. International Copyright 'BLACK FRIDAY' is the name that will be given to the 2d of May, 1890, by the historian of the movement to secure International Copyright; for on that day the House of Representatives decided against the reform by a vote of 98 to 126. It was the first time that a bill to protect the rights of foreign authors had ever taken on the subject in either branch of Congress resulted in the passage of essentially the same bill by the Senate by 10 nays to 34 yeas. Only the hostile action of Mr. Payson of Illinois kept the measure from coming up in the House las spring; and a canvass made then and since repeated had led the advocates of the bill to believe that a majority of votes could be counted upon whenever the bill should come up for action. Last Friday's developments show how illusive was this hope. The bill suffered greatly from absenteeism, 103 members being paired or not voting. Able speeches were made for the bill by Simonds (Conn.), McAdoo (N.J.), Moore (N.H.), 'a newspaper publisher from boyhood up'; Buchanan (N.J.), Covert and Farquhar (N.Y.), Lodge (Mass.), Butterworth (Ohio), and Carlisle (Kentucky), who gave the coup to the protectionism argument against the bill, but favored striking out the non-importation clause. This and the adding of a reciprocal clause were one at the instance of the opponents of the bill, but even with this concession to the 'monopoly' cry, the bill was defeated on the vote to engross. The cause is not far to seek. The Western and Southwestern men were stamped by Payson and Hopkins of Illinois and by Mills and Bland with the bugbears of trust, monopoly and high prices. The cry was 'cheap books at any cost,' and in such a temper a pure and simple copyright bill would have fared equally ill. In spite of the thorough presentation of the subject by the Copyright Committee in its numerous en cogent pamphlets, and in spite of the full discussions in the press, many members were wholly ignorant of the bill and lost their heads and consciences in the din of Payson's misleading statements and low appeals for the poor against the rich. The spectacle was a humiliating one, for at that root of the whole matter lay the insensibility of the average Congressman to the question of morality and justice involved in this attempt to secure the rights of aliens—even though the spoiling of the foreigner means, in this case, the injury of the native producer also, and the demoralization of the native consumer to boot. Last Friday's defeat was a Bull Run, however—not a Waterloo. We append the names of the members who voted in favor of the passage of the bill, those of Democrats being printed in italics. The name of Mr. Breckinridge (Dem.), which would naturally appear here, was recorded amongst the 'Nays' in order to permit him to move a reconsideration of the bill. Adams, Allen of Michigan, Andrew, Arnold, Baker, Banks, Bartine, Bayne, Beldon, Beatner, Boothman, Boutelle, Burtch, Butterworth, Bynum, Caldwell, Carlisle, Carter, Caruth, Cheadle, Clancy, Clarke of Alabama, Cogswell, Coleman, Comstock, Cothran, Covert, Craig, Culbertson of Pennsylvania, Cutcheon, Dalzell, Dargan, Dingley, Dunnell, Dunphy, Farquhar, Fitch, Flower, Greenhaige, Harmer, Hitt, Kerr of Pennsylvania, Ketcham La Follette, Laidlaw, Lansing, Laws, Lee, Lehlbach, Lester of Georgia, Lodge, Magner, McAdoo, McKenna, McKinely, Moore of New Hampshire, Nute, O'Donnell, O'Neil of Massachusetts, O'Neill of Pennsylvania, Osborne. Outhwaite, Payne, Penington, Post, Price, Randall, Reilly, Reyburn, Rusk, Russell, Sanford, Sawyer, Scull, Sherman, Simonds, Spinola, Spooner, Stivers, Stockbridge, Tarsney, Ezra B. Taylor, Tillman, Townsend of Colorado, Townshend of Pennsylvania, Tracy, Tucker, Turner of New York, Venable, Wade, Walker of Massachusetts, Wallace of Massachusetts, Wallace of New York, Willcox, Williams of Ohio, Wilson of West Virginia, Wright, Yardley. This is the Roll of Honor. THE PIRATE AND THE PIRATEE SAYS Pirate A. to Victim B:— You've got no reason to complain; Just see how popular you be; Your books is read from Tex. to Maine. Were not your foreign stuff "free grat.," I'd buy some native fellow's wares; Just paste that "memo." in your hat, And don't go puttin' on such airs.' 'Ay, true enough, my books are read,— No doubt your imprint makes them sell; But if on air I must be fed, Why wont that fare serve you as well? Henceforth we both will work for fame,— I write, you publish, free of charge; Whatever type proclaims my name, Yours shall be printed just as large. Should profits by some chance accrue, Deed them forthwith to charity: I'm rich, of course; and as for you, What's wealth to popularity?' J. B. G. A Memorial to Bishop Lightfoot TO THE EDITORS OF THE CRITIC: A recent mail has brought me communications from England intimating a hope that his American brethren may be glad to unite with those of his own land and Communion, in some worthy Memorial to the late Dr. Lightfoot, Bishop of Durham. It has occurred to me that there must be many American scholars, not alone of the Communion of which Bishop Lightfoot was a member, who would be glad of an opportunity to testify to their grateful respect for so rare a man and so eminent a teacher; and I venture, therefore, to bring the matter to your attention, leaving it to your own kind discretion to do with it as you may see fit. The proposed Memorial will probably take the form of a statue or recumbent effigy in connection with the Restoration of the ancient Chapter House of Durham Cathedral, in which Bishop Lightfoot was especially interested. American travellers to Durham have found, of late years, a new interest in its magnificent Cathedral, because of its association with one who recalled the great traditions of Butler, and who in another department of Christian learning was not less helpful to Christian students. It is because these and others may be glad to avail themselves of the opportunity which I have indicated, that I have taken the liberty of addressing you this note. HENRY C. POTTER. DIOCESAN HOUSE, 29 LAFAYETTE PLACE, NEW YORK, May 3, 1890. [We take pleasure in printing this appeal, and heartily second the Bishop's suggestion of American cooperation with the Memorial Committee. Its Chairman, the Earl of Durham, Lord-Lieutenant of the County, has headed a subscription-list with a promise of 250l., and certain other noblemen have followed his example, while the Dean and Chapter of Durham have pledged 1000l. The fund amounted, some time ago, to a little over $18,000. Just how much it is proposed to raise, we do not know. Subscriptions may be sent either through THE CRITIC, or direct to the acting Hon. Treasurer, Mr. Richardson Peele, The College, Durham, England. —EDS. CRITIC.] The Washington Memorial Arch GROUND was broken in Washington Square on Wednesday afternoon of last week (April 30) for the foundations of the Washington Memorial Arch, the first spadeful of earth being turned up by Mr. Henry G. Marquand, Chairman of the Committee. Surveyors had been at work for an hour or more, determining the exact site of the eastern pier, which is to be about twenty-five feet south of the northern edge of the Square. (The western pier will be equally distant from the curb.) At 4:15 o'clock, Mr. Marquand took from the hands of Mr. David H. King, Jr., the builder of the Arch, a highly ornamented spade, and addressing the little knot of men and women who had gathered about him, said that they all May 10 1890 The Critic 239 were prepared to make speeches, but the Committee had decided that there should be none. He solemnly laid claim to all the gold and silver and skulls that might be unearthed, and declared that the proceeds would be turned into the coffers of the Treasurer. Then he dug a spadeful of earth, and Mr. Richard W. Gilder, Secretary, called for three cheers for the Arch, which were given with a will. Among those present were ex-Mayor Edward Cooper, William E. Dodge, Frank D. Millet, Jenkins Van Schaick, David Banks, Oliver H. Perry, Gordon L. Ford, William A. Coffin, Richard M. Hunt, Eugene Kelly and Gen. Louis Fitzgerald, of the Committee; Miss Jeannette L. Gilder, editor of THE CRITIC; the Misses Vail, Samuel Parsons, Jr., Superintendent of Public Parks, Stanford White, the designer of the Arch; and Commissioner J. Hampden Robb of the Park Board. After these informal proceedings the members of the Committee adjourned to Mr. Cooper's house, adjoining, where refreshments were served. The foundations will not need to be more than ten feet deep. They will consist of two masses of concrete, ten feet thick and thirty by twenty-five in length and width, and capable of bearing a pressure of nearly two tons to the square foot. Samples of many American marbles have been sent to Mr. White, the architect, and are at present being tested at the Columbia College School of Mines by Prof. F. R. Hutton, with a view to selecting the strongest and most enduring. The erection of the arch will necessitate alterations in the grade and pavement of the street. The expense of this will be in excess of the cost of the arch. To this extra expenditure will be added that of the statues with which it is proposed to cap the summit of the arch. These last are not an absolute necessity, but they will add greatly to the beauty of the monument, and it is with a view of their erection that the balustrade ornamenting the top of the arch has been altered in the plan for the stone structure. In the wooden model this was in open work, but it has been decided to make it a closed plane surface. This not only lends dignity to the structure, and fits it to support the statues, but gives the added weight necessary to the top of such a monument. The statues will not be added, of course, until additional funds have been subscribed. Since the change which has been made from the site of the temporary arch, it has been found that in the altered location other supplementary ornamentations will be needed. These will accordingly be supplied by four pillars standing on each side of the arch, at a distance from it of about thirty feet. They are to be of marble, like the arch, and will be surmounted by a bronze ball and eagle. The cost of each will be about $3,000. The amount in Treasurer Wm. R. Stewart's hands last Monday evening was $76,870.44, the receipts for the seven days, April 29 to May 5, inclusive, having amounted to $289.25, as follows:— $100 :—Lincoln Club of New York. $50 each :—Mrs. N. E. Baylies; David Banks. $25 :—F. R. Appleton. $20 :—Rufus W. Weeks. $10 :—Two friends, through Comptroller Myers. $9 :—Members Co. B, 71st Regt., N. G. S. N. Y. $8 :—Members Co. C, 71st Regt., N. G. S. N. Y. $5 each :—'C. E. C.'; 'C. M. R.' ; Andrew Wessels Nicholson. $1 each :—Samuel Osgood Miller; Master Mason Cruger Hassell. 25 cts. :—'H.' The Fine Arts The Society of American Artists. (Second Notice.) WHILE Mr. Sargent's 'Cermencita,' conspicuously exposed at the end of the main gallery, may be said to dominate the exhibition, there is, in the same room, another painting, of a very different sort, that attracts particular attention, partly by virtue of its prominent position, partly because it hangs immediately above a mass of black crape, and lastly because of its striking merits as a work of art. This is a Robert A. Eichelberger's 'Surf and Fog,' a painting to which pathetic interest is lent by the artist's premature death on April 2, immediately after finishing his work upon it, and only a short while before the opening of the exhibition. It was the best thing he had ever done; and one would have to search a long time among the paintings of those artists who have chosen similar themes, for a happier rendering of an almost untranslatable aspect of old ocean's gray and melancholy waste. Two large canvases in the smaller gallery, 'Frost Flowers' and 'After Sundown,' show that Arthur W. Dow of Ipswichm Mass., has an eye to see the beauties of nature and a hand to catch and fix them. Joe Evans, whose two small paintings at the Academy do their full share in raising the average of this year's exhibition there, has equally good work here in a glimpse of 'Where Laurence Sterne is Buried' and 'In Worcestershire." Robert C. Minor's single exhibit, 'Midnight,' with a moonlit stretch of water in the background, makes one envious of its owner. Of W. A. Coffin's portrait of Mrs. Schuyler Van Rensselaer, the criticism may be made that it is deficient in vitality; otherwise it is a capital piece of work: a perfect likeness, so far as externals go, excellently composed, and by no means lacking in distinction. Theodore Robinson's 'Winter Landscape' and 'Bird's eye View' are French in execution as in subject, and none the worse for revealing the artist's sympathy with Gallic scenes and methods. About Abbott H. Thayer's carefully studied heads (173, 174, 175) there is an unfinished look that makes them less satisfactory to the layman's eye than to the artist's; yet no one must be blind indeed not to appreciate their deeper qualities. In his 'Roses,' on the other hand, there is none of this apparent lack of finish. If 'painting the lily' were a permissible thing, we should like to see what Mr. Thayer would make of it: his colors would never cause the flower to hang its head in shame. A large canvas by F. M. Boggs indicates the artistic possibilities of what is commonly regarded as a mere triumph of engineering skill, 'The Brooklyn Bridge,' the mechanical details of the huge structure being rigidly repressed. Dennis M. Bunker's 'The Mirror,' a life-size portrait, in profile, strengthens the conviction that the artist's forte is figure- rather than landscape-painting: it is good in itself and prophetic of still better work. The display of sculpture is not particularly strong. Daniel C. French has two portraits, one a bust, the other a bas-relief, the former evidently a speaking likeness. J. S. Hartley also exhibits two portraits, one of them in an excellent study of Felix Morris in 'A Game of Cards.' Edward Kemeys, Jr., shows some of his admired animal pieces. F. Edwin Elwell exposes the study for his bust of Vice-President Morton, designed for the Senate Chamber; and 'L'Africaine,' a vigorous head of a young Negress. There is also a portrait bust by Philip Martiny. The Painters in Pastel THE PASTEL PAINTERS' fourth annual exhibition, now open at Wunderlich's gallery, is such as ought to assure a permanent standing for the Society. As was the case from the start, Mr. Chase is the virtual leader of the little band. His pictures of this year are, as to execution, fully equal to anything he had done, while—including portraits, landscapes and one or two genre pieces—they form the most varied contributions to the show. The portraits are a trifle disappointing as portraits, though very brilliant pictures. In that of Mr. J. Henry Harper, for instance, the painter seems to have lavished more care on the pink velvet background than on the human subject. HIs best work is his 'Afternoon by the Sea'—a broad space on the cliff at Fort Hamilton, if we do not mistake, overlooking the Bay,—a young mother seated with her child near the railing and an older girl looking at the proceedings of an urchin in a red cap who is playing on a raft far below. The scene is not merely copied: it is felt. The charm of the arm, quiet afternoon is in it. Mr. Chase approaches the limits of finish attainable in pastel. Mr. Twachtman hovers about the other extreme of slightness and insufficiency. It is true that there is non of his ten sketches of brook and river that is not enjoyable, but there is non that does anything like justice to his unique talent. Still, his vague and indolent memoranda have more of nature in them than Mr. Walter Palmer's energetic 'Wheat and Poppies' or Mr. Bolton Jone's careful 'Spring' and 'Afternoon' landscapes. Miss Caroline T. Hecker, whose work for some years past has been noted as that of a promising student, may be congratulated on having fairly 'arrived' as an artist of no mean abilities. Her two portrait heads and two studies of flowers are among the best things in the exhibition. Irving R. Wiles, though he has 'arrived' long since, may yet, on the other- hand, be complimented as a persistent and successful student. His work of this year is the best that he has produced and has the fire and animation of rapid progress. His pretty 'Italian Girl' and his young lady 'Improvising' at the piano are very attractive little studies. Theodore Robinson's 'By the Seine,' a pleasing symphony in blue and grey and purple; Childe Hassam's Paris race groups; Rosina Emmett Sherwood's 'Portrait of A. M. S., Jr.'; Otto Bacher's 'Shrewsbury'; and Louis Kronberg's 'Study of Miss S.' are variously interesting. There are, indeed, few of the eighty-nine numbers which should not have received the imprint of the vermillion skull by which the society signifies that in its opinion the work so decorated is worthy to be put on exhibition, and to live forever. Art Notes WE shall have some account next week of the objects of art— paintings, etc.—recently given or loaned to the Metropolitan Museum, and shown for the first time at the press view last Saturday. A large crowd attended the opening reception on Monday. During the day President Marquand received a check from Mr. W. W. Astor for $47,500, the legacy left the Museum by his father, Mr. John Jacob Astor, less $2500, the tax which accrues to the State. The executors were not required to pay the amount for two years. The law requiring the payment of a tax on legacies requires the 240 The Critic Number 332 Museum to lose about $7000 on the legacy of $100,000 left by Mr. William H. Vanderbilt. Last week, while the Trustees were arranging for this payment, a letter was received from Messrs. Cornelius and W. K. Vanderbilt, requesting that they be informed of the exact amount of the deduction to be paid the State and the interest on the same, as they desired that the legacy left by their father should go to the Museum intact. - Twenty Artists (instead of ten, as this year) will be asked to contribute to the special exhibition at the American Art Galleries next spring. - Millet's 'Woman Spinning'-a peasant woman seated on a bank against a luminous sky with a goat in the background, shown at the Morgan sale, and again last winter at the Union League Club - was sold to the late Mrs. Morgan by Knoedler & Co. for $17,100. At the Morgan sale it was 'bid in' for $14,000. The head of the firm of Boussod, Valadon $ Co, recently visited this city, bought the picture for $9,000, and took it back to Paris. - Joseph Nicholas Robert-Fleury, the distinguished French historical painter, who first exhibited at the Salon in 1824, is reported dead at the age of ninety-three. - The Art Amateur for may concludes the eleventh year of the magazine's existence. Several objects of art in the Joseph sale are illustrated; and the supplements are especially rich, the two color studies being 'A Basket of Daffodils' and an extra 'panel study' of goldfinches and flowers-the first of a set of three of the same kind. -A very valuable collection of Whistler, Haden, Moran and other etchings was destroyed by a fire which occurred last Sunday in the new house of Mr. George W. Bramhall, at South Orange, N.J. -A number of striking and artistic tableaux arranged by Messrs. William M. Chase, Will H. Low, Percy and Leon Moran, W. Hamilton Gibson, C. Y. Turner and Carleton Wiggins drew a crowd of fashionable people to the church at Pierrepont and Clinton Streets, Brooklyn, on the evening of May 1; the pictorial attractions being supplemented by a musical program which enlisted the services of Mr. Richard Arnold, violinist, and he New York Philharmonic Club. There was also a reading by Mr. F. Hopkinson Smith. The Brooklyn Home for Aged Men was the beneficiary of the performance. - M. Louis Gonse, editor of the Gazette des Beaux Arts, writes to Mr. Charles de Kay, from Paris, apropos of the Life of Barye published last year by the Barye Monument Association of America:— 'The work is in every way worthy of the master, and you have done a great honor to our country by raising this monument to the fame of Barye." -The battle still rages in Paris over the genuineness and antiquity of the terra-cotta groups from Greece and Asia Minor, several specimens of which have recently been imported and sold in this city by Mr. Henry De Morgan. Meanwhile the prince of the little treasures is steadily advancing. -The Architectural League, says the Tribune, has lost one of its founders by the death of Henry O. Avery, a pupil of the Cooper Institute and of Mr. Russell Sturgis, in this city, and of the Beaux Arts, in Paris. His professional career was begun in the office of Mr. Richard M. Hunt, whom he aided in the detailed drawings for the house of Mr. William K. Vanderbilt and Mr. Henry G. Marquand. He also designed the Fifth Avenue Galleries, and began practice on his own account in the same building. The house of Gen. Stewart L. Woodford, of Brooklyn, the Fire Monument in Providence were among the productions of his brief career. Mr. Avery wrote and lectured upon architectural subjects. He was a member of the New York Chapter of Architects and the Archaeological Society, as well as the Architectural League and he was secretary of the committee of American graduates of the Beaux Arsts which raised $10,000 to provide a prize for French pupils at the school, in recognition of the benefits derived from the school by American students. ----- Current Criticism EDUCATED WOMEN MORE JUDICIAL THAN OTHERS.—'In the first place,' said a clever woman beside me, 'while we deny that our education unsexes us, we are conscious that it gives us a self-control, a balance, which is of inestimable advantage to us in the practical affairs of life, and induces us to consider marriage from more than one point of view. In the past, it is the emotional nature of women which has been cultivated, often at a heavy cost. Now, her intellect is taking charge, and we believe that there is no longer any reason why, as a rule, we should be sacrificed to our own emotions. Is it not, on the whole, desirable that women should study facts and weigh reasons as men do? You may say that it is the emotional virtues which are distinctly feminine, and that, as Mr. Allen says, "a woman's glory is to be womanly, as a man's is to be virile"; but can it be shown that the training of her intellect makes a woman any less capable of love and devotion? Does it make her any less willing to sacrifice herself for the good of others? I think, on the contrary, that there is abundant witness to the fact that the increase of a woman's intellectual power usually intensifies her susceptibility to high motives, from whatever source they may reach her, or through whatever channel they may come. But, certainly, she is no longer a passive recipient; she thinks now as well as feels, and the inevitable result is that her attitude is more judicial than of old.'—Mrs. M. F. Armstrong, in The Popular Science Monthly. -------- AMERICA'S CLASSIC AUTHOR.—If America possesses a classic author (and I am not denying that she may have several) that author is decidedly Hawthorne. His renown is unimpeached; his greatness is probably permanent, because he is at once such an original and personal genius, and such a judicious and determined artist. Hawthorne did not set himself to 'compete with life.' He did not make the effort—the proverbially tedious effort—to say everything. To his mind, fiction was not a mirror of commonplace minds, and he was not the analyst of the minutest among their ordinary emotions. Nor did he make a moral, or social, or political purpose the end and aim of his art. Moral, as many of his pieces naturally are, we cannot call them didactic. He did not expect, nor intend, to better people by them. He drew the Rev. Arthur Dimmesdale without hoping that his awful example would persuade readers to 'make a clean breast' of the iniquities and their secrets. He set himself to write romance, with a definite idea of what romance-writing should be; 'to dream strange things, and make them both look like truth.' Nothing can be more remote from the modern system of reporting commonplace things in the hope that they will read like truth. As all painters must do, according to good traditions, he selected a subject, and then placed it in a deliberately arranged light—not in the full glare of the noonday sun, and in the disturbances of wind, and weather, and cloud. Moonshine filling a familiar chamber, and making it unfamiliar, moonshine mixed with the 'faint ruddiness on walls and ceiling' of fire, was the light, or a clear burr twilight was the light by which he chose to work. So he tells us in the preface to 'The Scarlet Letter.' The room could be filled with the ghosts of old dwellers in it; faint, yet distinct, all the life that had passed through it came back, and spoke with him, and inspired him. He fixed his eyes on these figures, tangled on some rare knot of fate and desire; these he painted, not attending much to the bustle of existence that surrounded them, not permitting superfluous elements to mingle with them, and to distract him. The method of Hawthorne can be more easily traced than that of most artists as great as himself.— Andrew Lang, in The Independent. -------- Notes BESIDES the regular edition of 'In Darkest Africa,' Stanley's 'own book,' which Charles Scribner's Sons will publish this summer, there will be an edition de luxe, with the text on hand-made paper, and the illustrations specially printed from the wood blocks on India paper and mounted. It will contain additional illustrations, and the two portraits of Mr. Stanley, engraved on steel, will be the first impressions, printed on Japanese paper and mounted. This edition, for America, will be limited to 250 copies at $60 each. All will be numbered, and signed by Mr. Stanley. —The literary effects of the late Miss Mary Louise Booth, editor of Harper's Bazaar, including a library of several thousand volumes, have been placed in charge of her nephew, Mr. Herbert Booth King. Mr. King is examining Miss Booth's correspondence, with a view to publication. Among the persons who wrote to Miss Booth, besides those who were devoted to literature, were statesmen, divines, scientific men and lawyers, all over the world. It would be of great assistance to Mr. King if he could place beside the letters she received those that she sent in reply. His address is No. 45 South Oxford Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. —The Rev. Dr. William E. Griffis, Chairman; the Rev. Dr. Arthur Little, and Messrs. Hamilton A. Hill, Frank Wood and Thomas Weston are the members of a Committee appointed by the Congregational Club of Boston to act with other committees in the collection of a fund to mark, by an appropriate monument, the spot whence the Pilgrims sailed on the voyage that ended at Plymouth Rock. The exact point is that where the canal from May 10 1890 The Critic 241 Leyden through the city of Delft—the path of the Pilgrims' inland voyaging—enters the river Maas, at Delftshaven, where the Speedwell lay. The erection of such a memorial would be an eminently graceful recognition of Dutch hospitality at the beginning of the seventeenth century; and citizens of New York—a city that owes so much to its Dutch founders—should take a special interest in aiding the movement to secure it. Mr. Wood, the Treasurer of the Committee, may be addressed at 352 Washington Street, Boston. -- Mr. Homer Greene of Honesdale, Pa., has won the prize of $ 50 offered by the McClure Syndicate for the best poem not exceeding fifty lines. The successful verses, 'De Quincey's Deed,' contained forty-eight lines. There seems to be no chance for any one else, when Mr. Greene competes for a literary prize. -- A translation of Tolstoi's new story, 'The Kreutzer Sonata,' the original of which is taboo in Russia, will be published in Boston on Saturday by Benjamin R. Tucker. In London it is issued by Remington. -- Mr. Noah Brooks has completed a serial story for boys which will be published in St. Nicholas, beginning probably in June. It will be entitled 'The Boy Settlers, and is a narrative of the early history of Kansas, of which Mr. Brooks had personal experience. -- The following private letter from Dr. Holmes has been made public : -- I am writing this with my own hand, but I expect before very long to pay most of my correspondance in the hands of my secretary, as I feel myself utterly unable to answer the letters and read the books sent me. I may find it necessary to give up all correspondence, except with a few old friends; and I am now preparing my distant friends, with whom I have not been in close relation, to expect no reply to their letters, which come down upon me daily like an avalanche. My sight is getting imperfect, and the fatigue of writing is wearing upon me; and, although it will cost, me an effort, I feel that in justice to myself, I must throw off the load, which at 'threescore and twenty' is too much for my old shoulders. -- Arthur T. Quiller Couch is said to be the name of the author of 'The Splendid Spur' and other successful novels. He is an employee of the London publishing-house of Cassell & Co. --From London comes word that Mr. Lowemm's medical advisers have 'absolutely forbidden his coming to England this year.' -- A correspondent of an English paper writes that Robert Browning, during at least a part of his residence in Florence, was a Free Church Deacon. The Scotch Free Church has long maintained religious services in that city. Mr. Browning for some time held the plate for the collections. -- The Boston Journal describes a book-clerk's experience with Sarah Bernhardt when she was last in this country. He had 'sold her quite a bill of goods,' and as she was about to leave, she took his pencil and looked around for a scrap of paper, but not finding one, picked up a handsome volume of Scott, bound in tree-calf, opened it, wrote something on a fly-leaf, calmly tore it out, handed it to the astonished salesman, smiled and went out. What she had written was a pass for two to her performance that evening! But she did it at the cost of nearly ruining one of the best sets of books in the store. -- At their May meeting, on Monday, the Trustees of Columbia College established a University Council - an advisory body to act in conjuction with the President. The Council will consist of twelve members. A School of Philosophy also was established, the requirements for admission to which will include a completed course of undergraduate study to the close of the junior year. The Trustees also created a chair of history in the School of Political Science, and appointed Mr. Hubert L. Osgood Adjunct Professor in that department. Prof. Augustus C. Merriam was appointed to the Professorship of Greek Archaeology and Epigraphy. The following honorary degrees were conferred: -- James W. Gerard of this city, LL. D. ; Samuel Bowden of Le Roy, N.Y., S.T.D.; Professor J.H. Van Amringe of Columbia, L.H.D.; W.H.C. Bartlett, LL.D. -- At a meeting of the Council of University of the CIty of New York on Monday, a Women's Advisory Committee, consisting of twelve members, was appointed, the Council having decided that, inasmuch as the University had upon its rolls the names of several women students pursuing advanced studies, and that more students of the same class were likely to be enrolled, it was expedient to motion of university work for women. The members of the Committee are as followd: Emily Butler; class of '92, Mrs. Benjamin S. Church, Mrs. W.F. Cochrane and Mrs. Henry Draper; class of '93. Mrs. May J.-Field, Mrs Alfred L. Loomis and Mrs. St. Clair McKelway; class of '94. Mrs EUgene Smith, Miss Elizabeth Torrey, and one vacancy. Mr. Charles Butler has made known his intention to give the University $100,000 and to Union Theological Seminary a like sum; and hereafter the University will confer degrees on recommendation of the Seminary, whuch is not empowered to give them, itself. Mr. Butler has been connected with both institutions for over fifty years? -- President King of the Board of Trustees of Johns Hopkins University, speaking on Monday of the movement for the admission of women to the Medical Department, said: A mistake has been made as to the amount of the fund. The movers in the scheme have determined to raise $200,000. This was not to be done by subscriptions limiteed to $100 or over, as has been stated, but by gifts of any amount. The women now have several good colleges devoted to liberal education. The Johns Hopkins will out-rank them all, and the women purpose, if possible, to effect an entrance into our school, so as to pursue still higher courses of study. The standard of the school, Mr. King added, would be equal to that of any in Germany, and the courses of study as thorough. -- The following German and French texts, lately adopted for advance admission requirements by the New England College Commission, will be published immediately by Henry Holt & Co:-- Goethe's 'Dichtung ung Warheit', first three books, with commentary by Prof. H.C.G. von Juagemann of Harvard; Riehl's 'Der Fluch der Schönheit': Daudet's 'Le Siège de Berlin' and 'La Dernière Classe,' with English notes by Dr. B.F. O'Connor of Columbia; Martin's 'Jeanne d'Arc'; and Mérimée's 'Colomba,' with introduction and notes by Prof. W.I. Knapp of Yale. 'A Short French Reader' and 'A Short German Reader,' by Prof. Wm. D. Whitney of Yale, are in preparation and will be published at an early day. -- John Wiley & Sons are bringing out a new edition of Ruskin, in twelve one-dollar volumes. Thay announce also a second series of Selections from Ruskin, edity by Mrd. L.C. Tuthill; and Ruskin's 'Praeterita,' in two volumes, printed from new plates, with frontispieces. -- The fourth semi-annual convention of the Western Authors' and Artists' Clubwas scheduled to open at the Midland Hotel, Kansas City, Mo., on Wedneday. The special subject to be discussed was, 'What is it best to write?' -- The change of the 'Co-operaive Index to Periodicals' from a quarterly to an annual has been made upon a four-fifths vote of the subscribers. -- The Washington correspondence of the Cleverland Leader contains the following item of news: -- George Bancroft, the historian, had a narrow escape, a few days ago, from very serious injury that might have resulted fatally. He was taken with the grippe, some weeks ago, and has not fully recovered, being still quite weak, but on days when the weather is fine, it has been his custom of late to take walks accompanied by his faithful valet, Herman, who scarcely ever leaves his side. The last day the venerable historian took his walk, Herman was requested to attend to some business not far from the Bancroft residence, so the old gentleman said he would walk on and go into the house alone. He was ascending the steps slowly when a carriage drove up containing some ladies who had come to call, Mr. Bancroft wanted to be gallant, and turned hastily to go down the steps and open the carriage door, when he slipped and fell, severly injuring himself. He was carried into the house and placed in bed, where he has since remained. --Mr Fletcher H. Bangs has been appointed assignee of the late firm of WHite & Allen, and Thursday of this week was fixed upon as the date for the sale at auction, by Messrs. Bangs & Co., of the stock, for the benefit of the creditors. The regular spring parcel sale by Bangs & Co. was begun on Tuesday. --Mr. Edward D. Walker, assistant editor of The Cosmopolitan, who was accidentially drowned in the Roanoke RIver, at Weldon, N.C., on April 26, had gone to the South for his health about a month before his death. He was a native and resident of Brooklyn, a graduate of WIlliams College, a member of the Authors Club, and the author of 'Reincarnation : A Study of Forgotten Truth' (Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1889). The young man's death is generally regretted, by no-one more keenly than by his professional associates. -- With Mr. Krehbiel's lecture on 'The Precursors of the Pianoforte,' last Friday evening, Steinway Hall closed its record of nearly a quarter of a century as a place of musical and literary entertainment. On Saturday it began a humbler but still useful career as a place of storage for the pianos manufactured by its owners. -- 'A Few Facts, with 368 Questions and Aswers' is the title of a little volume of which the Old Dominion Steamship Company has just published the seventeenth edition, revised and enlarged by the addition of maps and other material. It asks and answers every question which could occur to a reasonable traveler over its May 10. 1895 The Critic TO BE PUBLISHED IN JUNE OR JULY STANLEY'S GREAT BOOK "IN DARKEST AFRICA." "There is no other manuscript, printed book or pamphlet, this spring of the year of our Lord 1890, that contains any account of this region of horrors other than this book of mine." In Two Octavo Volumes of over 500 Pages each, with Important Maps, Two Portraits on Steel, and Many Wood Engravings. Price, complete, $7.50, in cloth. THE TEXT. "In Darkest Africa," besides its unequalled interest as a full and complete record of the most hazardous and eventful of all African Explorations, and the one most fruitful of important discoveries, displays Mr. Stanley's literary skill in a new light. Marked by an unaffected fervor throughout, it is yet a masterpiece of strong and crisp narration and of graphic description. THE ILLUSTRATIONS. These are made from sketches and photographs by Mr. Stanley and his staff. They are by the best American, English, and French artists, among whom are Mr. Frank Fowler, Mr. Carroll Beckwith, Mr. J.D. Woodward, Mr. Walter Wilson, Mr. Montbard, Mr. Riou, Mr. Forestier, Mr. Wardmuller, and Mr. Schonberg. *.* Sold only by subscription through authorized agents, to whom exclusive territory will be assigned. Agenda wanted everywhere. A rare chance for summer work for teachers and college students. For further particulars address, CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 743 Broadwav, N.W.viii The Critic Number 332 EDUCAIONAL. SCHERMERHORN'S TEACHERS' AGENCY. Oldest and best known in U. S. Established, 1855. 3 EAST 14TH STREET, N. Y CONNECTICUT. Connecticut, Hartford. STEELE'S SCHOOL FOR YOUNG LADIES, Hartford, Conn Fall term begins Wednesday, Sept 25, 1889 Address GEORGE W. STEELE. Connecticut, Woodside, Hartford. HOME AND COLLEGE PREPARATORY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Sixteenth year. Opens Sept. 17, 1890. Principal, MISS SARA J. SMITH, Assist. Prin., MRS. R. M. LATHROP. Connecticut, New Haven, West End Institute MRS. CADY'S SCHOOL FOR YOUNG LADIES. Institute Course of Study and College Preparatory Course. Admits to either Smith, Vassar, or Wellesley by certificate. Circulars. Early application necessary. Connecticut, New Milford MISS BLAKE'S BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL. Thorough instruction in English, French and German, Music and Art. Terms: Boarding Pupils, $400. Fall term begins Sept. 11, 1889. College Preparatory Course. Connecticut, Norwalk. MISS BAIRD'S INSTITUTE. A Home School for Girls and Young Ladies. Number of board- ing pupils limited to twenty. Excellent ad- vantages in Music, Art, and the Languages. Gymnasi- um. Pleasant grounds. Healthful location. Pupils boarded through the Summer months. Board, Washing, and Tuition in the English branches, $300 per scholastic year. Send for circular. Connecticut, Hillside, Norwalk. MRS. MEADS SCHOOL for Girls and Young Ladies re-opens October 2, 1890. College Pre- paratory Department fits for any College. Complete course in Literature, Languages, and Art. Special Musical Department. Beautiful locations. Ap- plication should be made early. Connecticut, Norwalk. NORWALK MILITARY INSTITUTE. Thor- ough teaching. Careful training. Moderate charges. Superior building. Gymnasium. Bowling-alleys. Boat-house. F. S. ROBERTS, Principal. Connecticut, Stamford. MISS AIKEN'S SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Estab- listed in 1855. Prepares for college, travel and home. The method by which the mental faculties are educated will be found in the second edition of Miss Aiken's pamphlet on "Concentrated Attention," now ready, for sale at Brentano's, 5 Union Square, New York. Connecticut, Litchfield Co., Washington. THE GUNNERY. A Family and Preparatory School for Boys. Washington, Litchfield Co., Conn. J. C. BRINSMADE, Principal. MASSACHUSETTS. Massachusetts, Amherst. MRS. R. G. WILLIAMS' SELECT FAMILY School, for a limited number of young ladies, with younger sisters when desired. Superior advantages in all respects. $350 Massachusetts, Boston, 76 Marlborough St. MISS BROWN AND MISS OWEN RE-OPEN their Home and Day School for Girls, Oct. 1. Certificate admits to Smith & Wellesley. Massachusetts, Wilbraham WESLEYAN ACADEMY. -- One of the best half-dozen Classical and Academic Schools in New England. The payment of $61 in ad- vance will cover ordinary tuition, board, washing, room and heating for Fall Term beginning Aug. 28. Send for catalogue to G. M. STEELE, Principal. NEW HAMPSHIRE. New Hampshire, Hanover. CHANDLER SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND THE ARTS, Hanover, N. H. Address the President, or Prof. E. R. RUGGLES NEW JERSEY. New Jersey, Bergen Point. SCHOOL FOR YOUNG LADIES. Location on Salt Water, 8 miles from N. Y. A.E. SLOAN, M.A., LEPHA N. CLARKE, B.A., Principal. Lady Principal New Jersey, Englewood. COLLEGIATE SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Reopens September 24. Preparation for college a special- ty. Pupils admitted to Vassar, Wellesley, and Smith on our certificate. ADALINE W. STERLING, CARO- LINE M. GERRISH, A.B. EDUCATIONAL. New Jersey, Hoboken. STEVENS SCHOOL. The Academic Depart- ment of the Stevens Institute of Technology, Ho- boken, N. J. Re-opens, Sept. 17, 1890. Pupils prepared for Schools of Science and Colleges. Pre- paratory Class $75 per annum. All other Classes $150 per annum. New Jersey, Freehold. FREEHOLD INSTITUTE. Established 1844. Private School. College preparation a speciality. Preparatory, High School, and Business Courses, A. A. CHAMBERS, A.M. Principal. New Jersey, Freehold. VISIT THE YOUNG LADIES' SEMINARY. Boarding and day pupils received throughout the school year. French, German, Music and Art. Admission to Smith, Vassar and Wellesley on certificate of the Principal, Miss Eunice D. Sewall. New Jersey, Hackettstown. HACKETTSTOWN (N. J.) INSTITUTE has wide reputation as college preparatory for young men. Ladies' college: music, art, elo- cution; best building of its class; new laboratory; ac- commodates nearly 200 boarders; ladies refused from lack of room for past eight consecutive years; young men refused for seven of these years; sixteenth year September 4. Catalogue free. REV. GEORGE H. WHITNEY, D.D., President. NEW YORK. New York, Aurora, Cayuga Lake. WELLS COLLEGE, FOR WOMEN. Three Full Courses of Study. Location beau- tiful and healthful A refined Christian Home. New Building ready next September. Session begins Sept. 10, 1890. Send for Catalogue. E. S. FRISBEE, D.D., President New York, Brooklyn, 138-140 Montague St. THE BROOKLYN HEIGHTS SEMINARY. 30th year. Boarding and Day School for Girls. Students prepared for college. Circulars on application. New York, Brooklyn Heights. MISS KATHERINE L. MALTBY'S HOME AND SCHOOL, offers a delightful residence to Young Ladies who wish to enjoy the highest Art, Musical, or Academic advantages of New York and Brooklyn. Send for circular to 160 Joralemon Street, Brooklyn, New York. New York, Fishkill-on-Hudson. MT. BEACON ACADEMY, J. Fred Smith, A. M., Principal. Select Home School. Col- lege Preparatory. Department of Music and Art. Correspondence solicited. New York, Long Island, Jamaica. UNION HALL -- SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Es- tablished in 1816. MISS ANNA P. TOWNSEND, Principal. New York, Newburgh. THE MISSES MACKIES SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. The twenty-fourth year will begin Thursday, Sept. 26. New York City, 343 Madison Avenue. BARNARD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN. Degrees given by Columbia College. Circulars upon ap- plication to Secretary. New York City, 15 East 65th Street. MISS CHISHOLM'S SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Boys' Classes. New York City, 39 West 40th Street. THE COMSTOCK SCHOOL. Family and Day School for Girls (Established, 1862.). Miss DAY, Principal. New York City, 647 Madison Avenue. THE MISSES MOSES, BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL for Young Ladies and Children. Kin- dergarten. Highest references. New York City, 152 West 103rd St. THE RIVERSIDE SCHOOL. MISS EMILY A. WARD, Principal (many years with the Comstock School.) Separate departments for girls and boys. Resident pupils received. Preparation for college. New York City, 4 East 58th St. MRS. SALISBURY'S SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Facing Central Park. Re-opens October 1. New York City, 131 W. 71st St. WEST END SCHOOL. Collegiate, Junior, and Primary Departments, and Military Drill and Gymnasium. CHESTER DONALDSON, A.M., Principal. EDUCATIONAL. New York City, 231 East 17th Street. ST. JOHN BAPTIST SCHOOL FR GIRLS. English, French, Latin Professors. Prepares for College. Terms $300 to $400 per year. New York City, 37 East 68th St. THE MISSES WREAKS BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL FOR YOUNG LADIES AND CHILD- REN, with Kindergarten, re-opes Oct. 1st. Circulars sent on application. New York, Peekskill-on-Hudson. VIEULAND, A COLLEGE PREPARATORY SCHOOL. Send for Catalogue. CARL A. HARTSTROM, M.A. Principal. New York, Poughkeepsie. EASTMAN BUSINESS COLLEGE. A live school for the training of live business men. Thorough instruction in Bookkeeping, Banking, Commer- cial Law, Correspondence, Arithmetic, etc., Penman- ship, Telegraphing, Stenography, Typewriting, etc. Terms reasonable. Time short. For information, ad- dress GAINES CLEMENT, President. New York, Poughkeepsie. RIVERVIEW ACADEMY. Poughkeepsie, New York. Fifty-fourth year. Prepares thoroughly for College, the Government Academies, and Business. Military Drill. BENDER & AMEN, Principals. New York, Rochester. UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER. DAVID J. HILL, L.L.D., President. Two courses of study, the Classical, the Scientific. Fall Term begins Thursday, Sept 19, 1889. For Catalogues, address the Librarian. New York, Sing Sing. DR. HOLBROOK'S MILITARY SCHOOL., Re-opens Thursday evening September 19th. Address, Rev. D. A. HOLBROOK, Ph. D. OHIO Ohio, Painesville. LAKE ERIE SEMINARY. Location pleasant and healthful. Course of study liberal and thorough. Thirty-first year begins Sept. 11, 1889. MISS MARY EVANS, Principal. Ohio, Columbus, 151 East Broad St. MISS PHELPS' ENGLISH AND CLASSICAL SCHOOL for Young Ladies, 151 E. Broad St., Columbus, O Special advantages in Language, Literature, Music, Art, Home and Social Culture. Fall term begins Sept. 25th, 1890. New School Building. Ohio, Oxford. OXFORD (O.) College for Young Ladies. Famous Classical and Finishing School. 22 teachers, 180 students. The Alma Mater of Mrs. Presi- dent Harrison. Conservatory of Music and Art, European vacation parties. REV. FAYE WALKER, Presi- dent. PENNSYLVANIA. Pennsylvania, Brookville. LONGVIEW SCHOOL. A CHURCH SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Will re open Sept. 11, 1889. For Catalogue apply to Rev. JOHN G. MULHOLLAND, LI.D., Principal Pennsylvania, Lancaster. THE YEATES' INSTITUTE. The Rev. MONT- GOMERY R. HOOPER, M.A., Headmaster. Four boys received as members of the Head- master's family. At present there are two vacancies. Mr. Hooper has sent boys to Harvard, Yale, Prince- ton, Columbia, Lehigh, Amherst, Trinity, West Point, Annapolis, etc., and has not had a candidate for admis- sion rejected. Pennsylvania, Meadville. MEADVILLE THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL. Ed- ucates for the Christian Ministry. Room rent and tuition free. An entrance fee of $20 for gas, heat and care of room. All expenses moderate. Term begins Sept. 30. Address REV. A. A. LIVER- MORE, D. D., Prest., Meadville, Pa. Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 4313 and 4315 Walnut St. A THOROUGH FRENCH AND ENGLISH HOME SCHOOL FOR TWENTY GIRLS. Under the charge of Mme. Henrietta Clerc and Miss Marion L. Pecke. French warranted to be spoken in two years. Terms, $300 a year. Address Mme. H. CLERC. VERMONT. Vermont, Brattleboro, 4 North Street. MISS SAWYER'S SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Every advantage in Greek, Latin, French and German. Terms, $150 per year. MARYLAND. Maryland, Annapolis. ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. 101st Session commence, 18th September. Eight Departments and Four Courses of Study. Buildings heated by steam. Terms moderate. For catalogues, address the Presidents THOMAS FELL, LL.D., Ph.D. May 10 1890 The Critic ix A CYCLOPAEDIA OF FLOWERS. THERE is a world of enjoyment in flowers, if you are acquainted with them. And they will repay your interest in them by drawing you into the sunshine, giving you something else besides business to think about; bring you health and happiness; help to make life "worth living." We know the average Botany is a detestably dry thing. There is need of it. The subject, if properly presented, is a veritable fairyland. Seeing this, Miss Mara L. Pratt, the famous author of "The New Calisthenics," has written a charming work, appropriately entitled THE FAIRYLAND OF FLOWERS. It is just the book for the home, -- a beautiful, yet common-sense, work. Grown persons can con-sult and read it with pleasure, while for the young folks it is full of illustrations, pretty stories, poems, with delightful "Talks" about the flowers. As to its make-up, you can gather than from the accompany-ing illustration of its artistic cover. it is a handsome quarto book (8 by 10 inches), fully illustrated, printed on beautiful paper. In fact, it is not only a work a person wants to consult a thousand and one times, but just the book (in elegance and appropriateness) to leave on the parlor table for the entertainment of visitors. Though fully illustrated, we have place the book at the popular price of $1.00. ADDRESS: EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING CO., 50 BROMFIELD STREET, BOSTON, MASS. A letter from a purchaser just received says: "You don't say half enough of the merits of 'Fairyland of Flowers.' REMINGTON STANDARD TYPEWRITER. For fifteen years the Standard, and is the Leader in Improvements. The latest and highest achievement of inventive and mechanical skill. WYCKOFF, SEAMANS & BENEDICT, N. Y. I have been a reader of THE CRITIC for a long time past and I like its catholicity, its enterprise, and its readiness to en-courage, by judicious criticism and suggestion, good work in literature and science, as well as in the fine arts. -- President D. C. Gilman, Johns Hopkins University. F.W.DEVOE & CO., ESTABLISHED 1852 FULSTON STREET, COR WILLIAM NEW YORK MANUFACTURERS OF ARTISTS MATERIALS TUBE COLORS FINE VARNISHES CANVAS DRAWING PAPERS FINE BRUSHES MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS Illustrated catalogues on request. COFFIN DEVORE & CO 176 RANDOLPH ST. CHICAGO A SPECIALTY. Reliable House- hold Linens, Pure Linen Handker- chiefs. A cata- logue for the ask- ing. JAMES MCCUTCHEON & CO., "THE LINEN STORE." 64 West 23rd St., New York. BANK & OFFICE FITTINGS. Fine Brass Work. SPECIAL DESIGNS ON APPLICATION. A. H. Andrews & Co. 195 Wabash Av., Chicago. Andrews M'f'gCo. 76 FIFTH AVE., N. Y. THIS DIAL Consists of a strong card- board, 5 1/2 by 4 inches, with movable metal hands, and is useful for mothers of infants to record the hour of last nurs- ing, and thus attain regularity in feeding. Serviceable also for teaching time to little children, and as a toy in vari- ous plays. Mailed on receipt of 10 cents, by "BABYHOOD," 5 Beekman Street, New York. GOLD MEDAL, PARIS, 1878. W. BAKER & CO.'S Breakfast Cocoa Is absolutely pure and it is soluble. No Chemicals are used in preparation. It has more than three times the strength of Cocoa mixed with Starch, Arrowroot or Sugar, and is therefore far more economical, costing less than one center a cup. It is delicious, nourishing, strengthening, EA- SILY DIGESTED, and admirably adapted for Invalids as well as persons in health. Sold by Grocers everywhere. W. BAKER & CO., Dorchester, Mass. x The Critic Number 332 REAL ESTATE. Attractive Homes at Harrington, New Jersey, On the West Shore R. R., 17 Miles from New York. Houses built from plans and specifications made by Vaux & Co., Architects. Lots to contain about 11,250 square feet. No lots for sale without houses. Price of houses with lots, about $5,000.00 and upwards. Property will be carefully restricted. Plans will be ready about the middle of June. For full particulars application may be made by letter to S. Carman Harriot, Jr., office of Greenwich Fire Insurance Co., 161 Broadway, N. Y.; or personally to J. Edward Giles, 127 East 16th St., N.Y. OLD AND RARE BOOKS. LEGGAT BROS.' Cheapest Bookstore in the World. MILLION BOOKS, RARE, CURIOUS & CURRENT, ON HAND LIBRARIES AND BOOKS BOUGHT. LIBRARIES FURNISHED CHEAPER THAN ANY BOOKSTORE IN THE WORLD. Mammoth Catalogue furnished upon application. LEGGAT BROTHERS 81 CHAMBERS ST., - - NEW YORK, Third door west of City Hall Park. DAVID G. FRANCIS, 12 EAST FIFTEENTH STREET, NEW YORK. (West of Union Square) DEALER IN VALUABLE OLD AND NEW BOOKS. Priced Catalogues issued from time to time, Sent gratis to any address. Walter R. Benjamin, AUTOGRAPH LETTERS, 30 WEST 23D ST., NEW YORK CITY. GEORGE P. HUMPHREY, Dealer in Old Books and Magazines, 25 EXCHANGE STREET, ROCHESTER, N. Y. Catalogues mailed on application. DUPRAT & CO., Importers of Fine Books, 349 5TH AVENUE, NEW YORK. JOHN PIERCE No 76 NASSAU STREET, New York. Modern Poetry. Old English Poetry, Old English Literature. First American Editions. Autographs. Out of the way Books Back numbers of Harper, Century, and Scribner, 10 cents each. Other periodicals at equally low rates, Send for a catalogue. A. S. CLARK, 34 Park Row. New York City. Rare & Standard Second-Hand Books. BOOKS PURCHASED FOR CASH. CATALOGUES ISSUED. E.W. JOHNSON, 1336 Broadway, N. Y. City. If you want back numbers of any Magazine or Review, write to H. WILLIAMS, 195 WEST 10TH STREET, N. Y. ST. NICHOLAS a specialty. THE JESTER. A beautifully illustrated, hemorous weekly, 24 pages. Only $2.00 a year. Write for speciments. THE JESTER, Philadephia. MICELLANEOUS. Ovington Brothers, RICH TABLE CHINA AND SOLID SILVER WARE, 330 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK. BROOKLYN HOUSE, Fulton and Clark Sts. Chemical Supplies for Schools and Colleges. THEODORE METCALF & CO. 39 TREMONT STREET, BOSTON. CHEMICALS Fine, Rare, and Crude, of every description. PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICALS IN LARGE AND SMALL QUANTITIES. From the many years we have dealt in this class of supplies, we claim to be leaders in this branch of the drug trade; and by constantly replenishing and increasing our stock, and at once procuring or manufacturing all new chemical products, we are able to do full justice to all orders. We make a specialty of the products from the Laboratories of T. MORSON & SON, London: ROSENGARTEN & SONS, Phila,; E. MERCK, Darmstadt. Established 1857. J. & R. LAMB, 59 Carmine St., New York. MEMORIAL WORK IN ALL BRANCHES OF ECCLESIASTICAL ART. MEMORIAL WINDOWS, STAINED GLASS AND CHURCH DECORATION. DESIGNS AND ESTIMATES SUBMITTED. THE TIFFANY GLASS COMPANY, 333-335 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK. Fifth Avenue Art Galleries, 366 and 368 Fifth Avenne, N. Y. ORTGIES & CO., AUCTIONEERS. Salesrooms and Galleries for exhibitions and sales of paintings, statuary, books, and other art work. Correspondence solicited. BANGS & CO. AUCTIONEERS, LIBRARIES, BOOKS, COINS Autographs, Consignments Solicited, 739-741 Broadway, New York. The Critic Clubbing List, To accommodate subscribers who desire to obtain two or more periodicals through one agency and at reduced rates, we will, until further notice, receive orders for THE CRITIC and other reputable periodicals at reduced prices, which will be furnished on application. Address, THE CRITIC COMPANY, 52 Lafayette Place, N.Y. DRY GOODS. Arnold, Constable & Co. Upholstery Department, Are now exhibiting a very choice selection of SPRING & SUMMER FURNISHING GOODS, Specially adapted for country houses, AUBUSSONS, CREPES, TWILLS, SATEENS, LIGHT SILK AND LACE CURTAINS. WINDOW SHADES. Broadway & 19th St., NEW YORK. Office to Rent With heat, light, and elevator service, in the new fire-proof building Nos. 52 and 54 Lafayette Place. Apply at the above address to CHARLES E. MERRILL & CO. Cavanagh, Sandford & Co., Merchant Tailors and Importers, 16 West 23d Street, Opposite Fifth Avenue Hotel, N. Y. All the latest London fabrics regularly imported. Ladies Cloth Suits, Top Coats, Riding Habits, etc. 36TH SEASON. ESTABLISHED, 1853. NEW YORK NATATORIUM, 2 and 4 East 45th Street, cor. Fifth Avenue. SWIMMING SCHOOL AND SWIMMING BATHS. Special hours for Ladies, Misses and Masters from A.M. till 3 P.M., except Sundays. GYMNASTICS, CALISTHENICS, FENCING IN CLASSES AND SINGLE LESSONS. MEDICAL GYMNASTICS for Invalids directed by the Physician either in the Institute or at the Residence For particulars, circular, etc. Prof. HENRY GEBHARD. HEALTH PRESERVED AND money saved by having your carpets cleaned by Thomas James Stewart, 1554 Broadway, Erie and Fifth Sts., Jersey City, Telephones. HOTEL BRUNSWICK. AMERICAN PLAN, Opposite Trinity (Phillips Brooks) Church. THE VICTORIA, EUROPEAN PLAN, Opposite New Old South and Art Club. BARNES & DUNKLEE, - PROPRIETORS.