FEINBERG/WHITMAN MISCELLANY Illness & Death Obituaries Box 47 Folder 6[*Horace L. Traubel from JJ*] THE ACADEMY. A WEEKLY REVIEW OF LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART. No. 1039. SATURDAY, APRIL 2, 1892. PRICE 3d. (New Issue) (Registered as a Newspaper. SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & COMPANY'S NEW BOOKS. THE ENGLISH CATALOGUE of BOOKS for 1891. Containing a Complete List of all the Books Published in Great Britain and Ireland in the Year 1891, with their Sizes, Prices, and Publishers' Names ; also of the Principal Books Published in the United States of America, with the addition of an Index to Subjects. Royal 8vo, 5s. (Just ready. " 'The English Catalogue' is a publication of national importance. There is nothing existing that has any claim to be compared with it as a ready guide to the vast field of modern publications." — Daily News. NEW VOLUME IN THE "QUEEN'S PRIME MINISTERS" SERIES. THE EARL of DERBY. By George Saintsbury. With Photogravure Portrait. Crown 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6d. [Next week. The political questions chiefly discussed will be the rise and progress of the new Tories after the first Reform bill, the origin and meaning of Lord Derby's change of party, his relation with Sir Robert Peel and with Mr. Disraeli, and the political importance of his leadership in Government and Opposition . CONSTANTINE, the LAST EMPEROR of the GREEKS : the Conquest of Constantinople by the Turks (A.D. 1453) ; after the latest historical researches. By CHEDOMIL MIJATOVICH, formerly Servian Minister at the Court of St. James. Illustrated, crown 8vo, gilt top cloth, 7s. 6d. HOW to WRITE a GOOD PLAY. By Frank Archer. Crown 8vo, buckram, gilt top, 6s. Contents: —Playwriting and those who have tried it —Successful Plays and how to estimate them — Qualities Required to Write a Play—On the Mechanism of a Play—Type of Character and Dialogue—Practical Hints and an Analysis—Deductions and General Advice. THE LIFE and LETTERS of JOSEPH SEVERN. By William Sharp. With Portrait and other Illustrations. Royal 8vo, cloth, ONE GUINEA. "A handsome volume.......To most people, of course, Severn is only interesting because of his intimate connection with the poet who was supposed to have been killed by cruel reviewers Independently, however, of his friendship for, 'my beloved Keats,' Joseph Severn was a considerable painter, and a man to whose winsome personality Mr. Ruskin has borne generous testimony ; and as during his consular services he saw before his eyes the gradual process of the liberation of Italy, the production of Mr. Sharp's biography will have an interest to many others besides specialists." —Daily Telegraph. MR. AUSTIN DOBSON'S CRITICAL BIOGRAPHY of WILLIAM HOGARTH. Demy 8vo, cloth, fully Illustrated, 24s. Limited Large-Paper Edition, £2 12s. 6d. net. "An authoritative monograph on Hogarth and his works .... executed in a manner eminently worthy of Mr. Dobson's high reputation for literally skill and critical acumen." —Times. "A most charming as well as a most important book .... a magnum opus; a book of reference for the library shelves." — World. HOW to TIE SALMON FILES. By Capt. J. H. Hale. With about 70 Wood Engravings from Photographs by Mr. C. O'Meara, and Engravings of Salmon Flies. Demy 8vo, cloth 12s. 6d. "Captain Hale has, in short, supplied us with the best work on the tying of salmon flies yet produced." — Field. EUNICE ANSCOMBE. By Mrs. J. E. H. Gordon. Crown 8vo, cloth, 7s. 6d. "The reader will be positively surprised at the ease with which Mrs. Gordon passes from one style of delineation to another, and at the success which she attains equally in character, analysis, description, dialogue, and cynical satire upon society." —Glasgow Herald. "PREACHERS OF THE AGE" SERIES.—New Volumes. MESSAGES to the MULTITUDE: being Ten Representative Sermons selected at Mentone, and Two Unpublished Addresses delivered on Memorable Occasions by Rev. C. H. Spurgeon. With Photogravure Portrait. Crown 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6d. (Next week. THE JOURNEY of LIFE. By the Rev. W. J. KNOX LITTLE, M.A., Canon Residentiary of Worcester, and Vicar of Hoar Cross. With Portrait. Crown 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6d. (Next week. LIGHT and PEACE: Sermons and Addresses By H.R. Reynolds, D.D., Principal of Cheshunt College. With Photogravure Portrait. Crown 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6d. NEW VOLUMES IN LOW'S ONE-SHILLING SERIES.—Demy 8vo, picture cover, One Shilling each. THE VISITORS' BOOK; or, Sketches in a M A R R I E D by P R O X Y. By a "New Swiss Hotel. By "IGNOTUS." HUMOURIST." "The book is amusing, and will please everyone who takes it up."—Scotsman. A NEW, UNIFORM, AND CHEAP REVISED MONTHLY ISSUE OF WILLIAM BLACK'S NOVELS, at 2s. 6d. per Volume. In SILK ATTIRE. (Just ready. A PRINCESS of THULE. (Ready. A DAUGHTER of HETH. With Portrait of the THE STRANGE ADVENTURES of a PHAETON. Author. (Ready. (Ready London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & COMPANY, LIMITED, St. Dunstan's House, Fetter Lane, Fleet Street, E.C.314 THE ACADEMY. [April 2, 1892.—No. 1039. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE KIRBY'S ANNALS OF WINCHESTER, by J. S. COTTON . 317 THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF JOSEPH SEVERN, by R. B. JOHNSON . . . . . . . . . . 318 SCHLOSS'S METHODS OF INDUSTRIAL REMUNERATION J. M. LUDLOW . . . . . . . . . . 319 LEWIS CAMPBELL'S GUIDE TO GREEK TRAGEDY, by H. F. WILSON . . . . . . . . . 320 A TRANSLATION OF DANTE'S ELEVEN LETTERS, by PAGET TOYNBEE . . . . . . . 321 NEW NOVELS, by W. WALLACE . . . . . 322 TWO BOOKS OF CONTIENTAL TRAVEL . . . 323 NOTES AND NEWS . . . . . . . . . 324 UNIVERSITY JOTTINGS . . . . . . . 324 ORIGINAL VERSE: "MY FRIEND," by ARTHUR L. SALMON . 325 OBITUARY: WALT WHITMAN, by T. W. R. . . . 325 MAGAZINES AND REVIEWS . . . . . . 327 THE PROPOSED GRESHAM UNIVERSITY . . . 327 SELECTED FOREIGN BOOKS . . . . . . 327 CORRESPONDENCE:-- The Oldest MS. of the Hebrew Bible, by G. Margoliouth; "Trisantona" once more, by H. Bradley; An Appeal for Accuracy in Reprints, by S. W. . . . . 328 APPOINTMENTS FOR NEXT WEEK . . . . . 330 TWO BOOKS ON GEOMETRY, by J. S. MACKAY . . 330 SCIENCE NOTES . . . . . . . . . . 331 MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES . . . . . . . . 331 THE ART MAGAZINES . . . . . . . . . 332 THE FRENCH PASTELLISTS, by CECIL NICHOLSON . 332 LETTER FROM EGYPT, by Prof. SAYCE . . . . 332 NOTES ON ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY . . . 333 THE THEATRES, by F. WEDMORE . . . . . . 334 RECENT CONCERTS, by J. S. SHEDLOCK . . . 334 MUSIC NOTES . . . . . . . . . . 335 LITERARY.--Wanted for Publication in a leading London Magazine a clever NOVEL for after issue in a three-volumed form. Manuscripts must contain addressed envelope and sufficient stamps to frank their postal return, if declined. --Literary Box 216, Smith's Advertising Agency, 132, Fleet Street, London, E.C. TO ART STUDENTS.--Landscape Painter, 12 years Exhibitor at R.A., &c., RECEIVES PUPILS for period or course of lessons from Nature. Easy access to London. Studio and out-door shelter. Lodgings obtainable,--Apply ARTIST, The Cottage, Abinger Hammer, near Dorking. HISTORY of the 29TH (WORCESTERSHIRE) REGIMENT, 1694-1891, with Illustrations and the Regimental Marches. By Major H. EVERARD, Roydon, King's Lynn. Price 25s. net. EDUCATED LADY (LL.A.), engaged in Teaching French and German, would UNDERTAKE TRANSLATION from either of these Languages.--Address A. H., care of John Henderson, 38, Berkeley Street, Glasgow. TYPE-WRITING and SHORTHAND Work of every description--Literary, Scientific, Legal, &c.-- undertaken. Large, highly trained staff. LECTURES REPORTED VERBATIM, moderate terms. Translations.--Miss ASHWORTH'S Type-Writing and Shorthand Offices, 28, Victoria Street, S.W. OVER 200 Clergymen and 900 others have already received Mr. HEDLEY'S LESSONS on NATURAL MEMORY. No aids or pictures. Marvellous results and previous pupils. High-class testimonials. Small fee. Prospectus, &c., free.-- 8 (F), Berners Street, Ipswich. FRENCH GALLERY, 120, Pall Mall.-- The THIRTY-NINTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION of Pictures by Artists of the Continental Schools is NOW OPEN. Admission 1s MESSRS. DRUMMOND & CO., 14, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C., are the sole representatives in Great Britain of HERR HANFESTAENGL, of Munich, the well-known Artist in PHOTOGRAVURE. There is a steadily increasing demand for reproductions by this justly celebrated process for large plates and editions de luxe. For ordinary Book Illustrations, Catalogues, Advertisements, &c., Messrs. DRUMMOND & CO. have the latest and most improved processes. Specimens on view. Prices on application. CATALOGUES. FOREIGN BOOKS and PERIODICALS promptly supplied on moderate terms. CATALOGUES on application. DULAU & CO., 37. SOHO SQUARE. THE NOVEL REVIEW.--This Review is now Published by Messrs. SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO., 23, Paternoster Row. New Editorial and Advertising Offices, 18, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden. The APRIL Number contains, amongst other things, Studies of Pierre Loti and Oscar Wilde; An article on Novel and Drama, by A. B. Walkley; A Review of Scandinavian Fiction of To-Day, by Gustav Steffen; and Portraits of Pierre Loti, Oscar Wilde, and A. B. Walkley. TO AUTHORS. Authors desirous of having their manuscripts copyrighted and the sale of their works pushed in the United States, would do well to place themselves in communication with P. F. COLLIER, 521, West Thirteenth Street, New York. A sale of over 200,000 copies guaranteed within one week of publication For all particulars communicate as above. HISTORY OF THE POPES, From the Close of the Middle Ages. By Professor Dr. L. PASTOR. Translated from the German. Edited by FREDERICK ANTROBUS, of the London Oratory. Vols. I. and II. Demy 8 vo, 12s. each. "It would be difficult to name any great historical work written with so obvious a desire to tell the truth and nothing but the truth, and should these volumes not meet with a favourable reception we should regard it as a literary calamity." Daily Chronicle. "The author does not slur over unpleasant facts, but sets them down honestly and truthfully, and altogether it is a monument of patient and painstaking labour."--Pall Mall Gazette. JOHN HODGES, AGAR-STREET, CHARING CROSS, LONDON. OXFORD SUMMER MEETING. FOR UNIVERSITY EXTENSION STUDENTS AND OTHERS.--JULY 29--AUGUST 26. Courses on Renaissance and Reformation, Greek Drama, Greek Art, Theology, Hebrew, Greek, German, Economics, Biology, Chemistry, Botany, Hygiene, Applied Arts, &c. Lecturers: Mr. John Addington Symonds, Mr. Walter Pater, Professor Burdon Sanderson, Mrs. Humphry Ward, Messrs. Gore, Brandram, A. Sidgwick, Moulton, Hudson-Shaw, Collingwood, Mackinder, York Powell, Wicksteed, Churton Collins, Morse Stephens, Mrs. Humphry Ward, &c. For tickets (30s. and £1) and programmes, apply SECRETARY, University Extension Office, Oxford. QUEEN'S COLLEGE (for LADIES), 43 & 45, HARLEY STREET, W. Founded 1848. Incorporated by Royal Charter 1853. Patron: H.M. THE QUEEN. ART AND MUSIC DEPARTMENT Drawing, Figure Painting--J. B. BEDFORD, Miss BEDFORD. Landscape Painting, Oil and Water-Colour--J. H. LEONARD. Music, Harmony, and Part Singing--HENRY GADSBY. Pianoforte--W. G. CUSINS, H. GADSBY, C. GARDNER, and Assistants. Vocal Music--W. SHAKESPEARE and Assistants. Violin--Messrs. WIENER AND A. E. ROWARTH. Violoncello--Mr. HILL. Dancing and Calisthenics--Mrs. MARSHALL-BURCH. EASTER TERM will begin WEDNESDAY, APRIL 27TH. For particulars apply to Miss CROUDACE, Lady-Resident. THE UNIVERSITY of ST. ANDREWS GRANTS THE DIPLOMA and TITLE of L.L.A. to WOMEN. The Subjects of Examination may be selected from any seven out of thirty different subjects, the standard being the same as that for the M.A. Degree. The centres of examination are St. Andrews, Aberdeen, Bedford, Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Cheltenham, Cork, Dublin, Dumfries, Edinburgh, Inverness, Leeds, Leicester, Liverpool, London, Loughborough, Manchester, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Paisley, Truro, &c. For Prospectus, &c., apply to the SECRETARY, L.L.A. Scheme, the University, St. Andrews, N.B. SIR JOHN SOANE'S MUSEUM, 13, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. ANTIQUITIES, PICTURES, AND SCULPTURE. OPEN FREE, from 11 to 5, on TUESDAYS, WEDNESDAYS, THURSDAYS, and FRIDAYS, in APRIL, MAY, JUNE, JULY, and AUGUST. Cards for Private days and for Students to be obtained from the CURATOR, at the Museum. - ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY, (Incorporated by Royal Charter.) Patron--HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. President--The Right Hon. Sir M. E. GRANT-DUFF, G.C.S.I. THURSDAY, 7TH APRIL, at 8.30 P.M., The following Paper will be read:--"THE ROUMANIAN LANGUAGE," by the Rev. Prebendary ROBINSON THORNTON, D.D., F. R Hist.S. 20, Hanover Square, W. Just published, 4to, sewed, 6s. net. ON some FRAGMENTS of an UNCIAL MS. of S. CYRIL of ALEXANDRIA, written on Papyrus. By Rev. J. H. BERNARD, B D. With 4 Autotypes of Papyri. (Transactions of Roy. Irish Academy, Vol. XXIX., Part 18.) Messrs. WILLIAMS & NORGATE have still a few copies left, price 42s. net. D. J. P. MAHEFFEY--ON the FLINDERS PETRIE PAPYRI. With Transcriptions, Commentaries, and Index (with 30 Autotypes). (Roy. Irish Academy's Cunningham Memoirs.) WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 14, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London; and 20, South Frederick Street, Edinburgh. Fourth Edition.--5s. PROTOPLASM: Physical Life and Law. By LIONEL BEALE, F.R.S. HARRISON & SONS. Pall Mall. READY ON THE 11TH OF APRIL. A COVENANT with the DEAD. By Clara LEMORE, Author of "A Harvest of Weeds." 3 vols., crown 8vo, price 31s. 6d. NOW AT ALL THE LIBRARIES. HIS SISTER'S HAND. By C. J. Wills, Author of "The Pit Town Coronet," "John Squire's Secret," "Jardine's Wife." "The Land of the Lion Sun," &c. 3 vols., crown 8vo, 31s. 6d. "The novel is a good novel, an entertaining novel, an interesting novel, smart enough and witty enough to please anybody."--Scotsman. "A bright fascinating story, and quite unique in its surprising conclusion." --Liverpool Mercury. "The plot is exciting to a degree."--Glasgow Herald. "It is lively and distinctly worth reading; only on no account glance on to the end."--Scottish Leader. GRIFFITH, FARRAN & Co., Ltd., Charing Cross Road, London. MONDAY and TUESDAY, APRIL 11 and 12. SCIENTIFIC AND OPTICAL STOCK. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION at his GREAT ROOMS, 38, KING STREET COVENT GARDEN, on MONDAY and TUESDAY, APRIL 11 and 12, at half-past 12 precisely each day, the STOCK of the late Mr. JAMES HOW, of 70, Farringdon Street, without the least reserve, consisting of Microscopes and Microscopic Apparatus, a very large assortment of Objects, Cabinets for ditto, also Spectroscopes, Standard and other Barometers, Pneumatic and Electrical Apparatus, Galvanic Machines, Cameras and Lenses, Agate Pestles and Mortars, an immense quantity of Lantern Slides, Show Cases, Nests of Drawers, Lathes, Tools Benches, &c. On view Saturday prior, 10 till 4, and morning of sale, and Catalogues had. A valuable Collection of Books, Engravings, Autograph Letters, and Manuscripts, many relating to America. MESSRS. PUTNICK & SIMPSON will SELL by AUCTION, at their HOUSE, 47, LEICESTER SQUARE, W.C., on THURSDAY, APRIL 7, and Three Following Days (Saturday and Sunday excepted), at ten minutes past 1 o'clock precisely, the valuable BOOKS, the Property of a well-known COLLECTOR, comprising Ainsworth's St. James's, Presentation Copy-- Burton's Arabian Nights, with Supplement, 16 vols.--Dickens, Lever, Thackeray, Original Editions in Parts--Dio Chrysostomus, printed on vellum, 1469--Chroniques des Roys, precious Manuscript on vellum, with 66 Miniatures--Voltaire, La Henriade, unique copy printed on vellum, with extra Illustrations, 1785--Boydell's shakespeare, 9 vols., fine copy--Biblia Sacra Polyglotta, with Castell's Lexicon, 1657-69 Rogers's Poems and Italy, Large Paper, India Proofs--Walpole's Works, Large Paper, old morocco, with arms--Napoleon I. Collection -- Whitbourne's Discovery of Newfoundland, 1620 -- Boccace, Le Decameron, 5 vols., morocco double, 1767--Higden, Polycronycon, Black Letter, 1527--Enderbie's Cambria Triumphans, first edition, fine copy, with arms--Manuscripts on vellum and Black-Letter Books-- Books illustrated by Blake, Lever, G. Cruikshank, and Phiz--a long Series of Americana--old and modern Morocco Bindings by famous English and Foreign Binders--Original Drawings--Engravings, including a large number of rare Portraits of American Presidents, Views in America, and Caricature Prints--and Autographs. Catalogues on receipt of two stamps. THE LATE J. E. NIGHTINGALE, F.S.A. Just ready, royal 8vo, cloth, 15s ; half-bound, with Duplicate Plates, 21s. CHURCH PLATE of the COUNTY of WILTS. With numerous Illustrations, completing the History of Church Plate in the diocese of Salisbury. By JAMES EDWARD NIGHTINGALE, F.S.A. BY THE SAME AUTHOR. CHURCH PLATE of the COUNTY of DORSET Cloth, 6s. "The model of what such a treatise should be." W. J. CRIPPS, F.S.A. ("Old English Plate,") 4th Edition. Salisbury: Brown & Co. London: BEMROSE & SONS, Ltd., 23, Old Bailey. The Autotype Company, London, Renowned for the excellence of its process of high-class BOOK ILLUSTRATION Adopted by the Trustees of the British Museum, the Learned Societies, and the leading Publishers. For specimens, prices, &c., apply to the Manager. AUTO-GRAVURE The Autotype process adapted to Photographic Engraving on copper. Copies of Paintings by Gainsborough, Holman Hunt, Herbert Schmalz, &c., of Portraits by Holl, R.A., Ouless, R.A ; Pettie, R.A. ; Prisep, A.R.A. ; of the Fresco in Guy's Hospital ; "SPRING," by Herbert Draper, &c., &c. ; also examples of Auto-Gravure Reproductions of Photographs from Art Objects, and from Nature, can be seen a the Autotype Gallery-- THE AUTOTYPE FINE ART GALLERY, 74, NEW OXFORD STREET, LONDON, Is remarkable for its display of Copies of celebrated Works by "THE GREAT MASTERS" from the Louvre, Vatican, Hermitage, and the National Galleries of Italy, Spain, Holland, and London, including H.M. Collections at Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle. Albums of reference to the various Galleries are provided are easily looked over, and of great interest to lovers of Art The new Pamphlet, "AUTOTYPE: a Decorative and Educational Art," post free to any address. The AUTOTYPE FINE ART CATALOGUE, 186 pp., free per post, for Sixpence. THE AUTOTYPE COMPANY, LONDON APRIL 2, 1892.--No. 1039. THE ACADEMY. 315 BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE. No. 918.--APRIL, 1892.--2s. 6d. CONTENTS:--ON OUR ARMY, by General Sir Archibald Alison, Bart., G.C.B.--DIANA, chaps. vii.-ix.--PERSONAL NAMES, by Sir Herbert Maxwell, Bart., M.P.--SKETCHES FROM EASTERN TRAVEL.--MONTROSE AND DR. GARDINER. --THE CONQUEST OF DONA JACOBA, by Gertrude Atherton. --THE CHILD AND THE SAVAGE: A STUDY OF PRIMITIVE MAN.--AN AFRICAN EXPLORER: THE LATE COLONEL J. A. GRANT, C.B.--SIX IN A LAVA-FLOW: AN ADVENTURE IN TENERIFE.--HISTORY OF SMALL HOLDINGS.--THE PROGRESS OF THE SESSION. WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, EDINBURGH AND LONDON. THE NEW REVIEW. APRIL.--Price One Shilling. THE GERMAN CRISIS and the EMPORER. By Dr. BAMBERGER, Member of the German Reichstag. "GRANIA: The Story of an Island." A Review. By Mrs. HUMPHRY WARD. LETTERS of CARLYLE to VARNHAGEN VON ENSE. ON COAST PROTECTION. By Professor TYNDALL. "LE STYLE c'est l'HOMME." By W. H. MALLOCK. THREE WARS: Personal Recollections. By EMILE ZOLA. HOW INTEMPERANCE has been SUCCESSFULLY COMBATED.-- II. By the DUCHESS OF RUTLAND. THE LABOUR PLATFOR: Old Style. A Reply. By GEORGE HOWELL, M P. THE TEMPORAL POWER of the POPE. By W. S. LILLY. LITERATURE By GEORGE SAINTSBURY. AND THE DRAMA. By A. B.WALKELY. ---------------------- London: LONGMANS, GREEN & CO. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW. APRIL. OLD-AGE PENSIONS. By J. FLETCHER MOULTON, Q.C. HOW LONG CAN the EARTH SUSTAIN LIFE? By Sir ROBERT BALL, R.R.S. THE COMING CRISIS in MOROCCO. by the Rev. H. R. HAWEIS. RICHARD BROME. By A. C. SWINBURNE. JAPANESE CUSTOMS. By F. T. PIGGOTT. WOMAN'S PLACE in MODERN LIFE. By Madame ADAM. MACCHIAVELLI'S "MANDRAGOLA." By JAMES MEW. THE WHISTLER EXHIBITION. By WALTER SICKERT. DEATH and PITY. By OUIDA. THE MOMBASA RAILWAY. By GEORGE S. MACKENZIE. The GLADSTONE-HARTINGTON CONTROVERSY. By FREDERICK GREENWOOD. ------------------------- CHAPMAN & HALL, Limited. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Monthly, price Half-a-Crown. THE CONTEMPORARY REVIEW. CONTENTS FOR APRIL. WILLIAM. FORMS of HOME RULE. By R. T. REID, Q.C., M P. THE EVACUATION of EGYPT. By HENRY NORMAN. NONCONFORMISTS in POLITICAL LIFE. By the Rev. J. GUINNESS ROGERS. CHRISTIANITY in the EAST. By the Rev. S. A. BARNETT. THE LONDON PROGRESSIVES. By JAMES STUART, M.P. THE REAL SIBERIA. By F. VOLKHOVSKY. THE NEW STAR in AURIGA. By AGNES M. CLERKE. THE ENDOWMENT of OLD AGE. By the Rev. J. FROME WILKINSON SPOKEN GREEK, ANCIENT and MODERN. By Prof. JANNARIS. CONVERSATIONS and CORRESPONDENCE with THOMAS CARLYLE. (Concluded.) By Sir C. 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NOTES of the late SIR WALTER ELLIOT. By R. SEWELL, M.C.S. THE PELASGI and their MODERN DESCENDANTS. by His Fxc. P. WASSI PASHA and the late Sir PATRICK COLQUHOUN. SUMMARY of EVENTS in ASIA, AFRICA, and the COLONIES. REVIEWS and NOTICES. Publishers: THE ORIENTAL UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE, Woking. London Agents: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO.; H. SOTHERAN & CO., 36 Piccadilly, W.; DAVID NUTT, 270, Strand, W.C. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Price 2s. 6d. THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW APRIL, contains-- PATRIOTISM and POLITICS. By His Eminence Cardinal [g?????NS.] A SOUTHERNER on the NEGRO QUESTION. By THOS. N. PAGE. RECIPROCITY and the FARMER. By the Hon. HILARY A. HERBERT. OUR NATIONAL DUMPING-GROUND; a Study of Immigration. By the Hon. JOHN B. WEBER and CHARLES STEWART SMITH. MICHIGAN'S PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS. By the GOVERNOR OF MICHIGAN. FRENCH GIRLS. By Madame ADAM. THE FREE ZONE in MEXICO. By the MEXICAN MINISTER. THE MODERN CART of THESPIS. By W. H. CRANE. MONEY and USUARY. By HENRY CLEWS. THE OLYMPIAN RELIGION.--III. By the Right Hon. W. E. GLADSTONE. GEORGE ELIOT and MRS. HUMPHRY WARD. By CHAS. T. COPELAND. TYPHUS FEVER. By Dr. CYRUS EDSON. THE FROST CURE. By Dr. FELIX L OSWALD. A PHASE of PRACTICAL HILAHTHROPY. By M. A. DE WILFE HOWE, Jun. London: BRENTANO'S, Agar Street, Strand, W.C. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- THE JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, No. 273, for APRIL. PROFESSIONALISM in the PROFESSOR. A "U. U." Essay. THE NEW MOTHOD of LANGUAGE TEACHING. CAMBRIDGE and the INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE. SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS by a HEADMASTER. REVIEWS:--Freeman's Historical Essays; A. S. Murray's Handbook of Archaeology; Thorold Rogers's Economic Interpretation of History, &c. MEMOIR of MISS CLOUGH. POETRY: The Dream of Maxen. By GEORGE E. DARTNELL. SCHOOLS and UNIVERSITIES; FOREIGN NOTES. 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Small post 8vo, 5s. 200 Large-Paper Copies will be issued on Arnold's unbleached hand-made Paper, large post 8vo, 10s. ------------------------- GEORGE ALLEN, Orpington; and 8, Bell Yard, Temple Bar, London. APRIL 2, 1892.—NO. 1039. THE ACADEMY. 317 Saturday, April 2, 1892. No. 1039, New Series. THE EDITOR cannot undertake to return, or to correspond with the writers of, rejected manuscript. It is particularly requested that all business letters regarding the supply of the paper, &c., may be addressed to the PUBLISHER, and not to the EDITOR. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- LITERATURE. Annals of Winchester College. By T. F. Kirby. (Winchester: Wells; London: Frowde.) THIS very week next year (on March 28) Winchester will celebrate the quincentenary of the day on which the school was opened, though, as a matter of fact, the College was incorporated in 1382, and for twenty years before that William of Wykeham had been accustomed to support a number of poor scholars. In anticipation of this anniversary, Mr. T. F. Kirby, the Bursar, has compiled from the documents under his charge a history of the College from its foundation to the present time. To Mr. Kirby, who is not a Wykehamist except by adoption, we already owe the publication (1888) of the register of Winchester Scholars, which induced Mr. Holgate to set to work upon a similar list of Winchester Commoners. Of this last, unfortunately, only one volume has at present appeared (1891), covering the most recent and least interesting period. But it is to be hoped that Mr. Holgate will receive sufficient encouragement to push back his researches to an epoch when they will be no doubt far more difficult, but at the same far more valuable to the historian and the genealogist. To avoid misapprehension, it is as well to state at once that this book is not a contribution to the history of public school education in England. If materials for such exist, they are apparently not to be looked for in the muniment room and bursarial accounts of Winchester College. Wykeham himself, though he laid down minute regulations with regard to moral and religious duties, merely required of the Headmaster that he should diligently instruct and "inform" the boys in grammar. So far as we have read of these five hundred pages--one of each year of history--we have not noticed a word about the books used, the hours of teaching, or the standard of instruction. On one occasion, indeed, in the year 1639, we do find a vow recorded by eighteen scholars that, "mindful of the ancient discipline of this place," they will talk among themselvs no language but Latin from October until the following Whitsuntide. That they could also write Ciceronian Latin in the days of the Stuarts may bee seen from the quaint penalty invoked on a breach of this vow: "Quod si qui nostrum aliter sciens volensque fecerit, hunc peccati apud Deum, infamiae apud homines, reum esse volumuset haberi." The real value of the book consists (1) in the curious sidelights it throws upon old manners and customs, and (2) in its candid disclosure of the vices of a close corporation --for such Winchester used to be, at least as much as it was a school. Let us take the pleasanter aspect first. Here is the bill of fare when Cardinal Beaufort (here spelt "Bewford") dined in hall during Lent, 1411-12: "Two gross of pickled salmon, 5s. 8d.; five pads [?] of lampreys from Gloucester, 33s. 8d.; messenger to order them, and carriage, 6s. 0 1/2d.; a sturgeon from London, 3s, 2d.; salted lampreys, 3s.; fifty lamperns and six gross of eels, 7s. 8d.; a quarter of porpoise, 6s. 8d.; twelve salter congers, 5s.; four crabs from Salisbury (!), 6s.; the tail end of a turbot, 3s. 4d." Was ever such an assortment of indigestible fishes set before a King's brother? It was a son of one of the Cardinal's esquires, of the Hampshire name of Coudray, who brought to the College the tidings of the battle fought "apud Agyncourt in Pecardia in festo Sanctorum Crispini et Crispiani," for which he received a fee of s 6s. 8d. And in the same year, one of the French prisoners was purchased for 20 s. 4d., to serve as a cook in the College kitchen. Henry VI. was a frequent visitor at the College, during the time when he was contemplating the foundation of the daughter school at Eton. One one occasion he attended mas in the chapel, and not only offered the customary oblation of 13s. 4d., but also gave to the College his second best robe furred with sables, "ad Dei laudem at honorem Beatae Virginis." He even went so far as to obtain a sample of the subsoil on which the College was built, which we venture to guess was nothing else than marsh alluvial. In 1458, the College obtained quite a formidable battery of fire-arms from London: "tres novae gonnae ferreae, altera habens tres cameras," 6s. 7d.; and "una staffe gonne de latyn, cum duobus cameris," which cost altogether 23s. 4d. An inventory is given of the vestments, plate, and jewels seized by the Commissioners of Edward VI.; the chapel plate consisted of 3892 ounces of silver, and 92 ounces of gold. Hops were first bought for the brewery in 1542, the price being not quite a penny the pound; but twenty hears later the College decided to grow their own hops ("lupi salictarii") in Sickhouse Mead. The consumption of beer was Gargantuan. In one year (1620), £120 was expended on malt, as compared with £70 on wheat. At a later date (1709), we find that the total annual brewing amounted to 820 hogsheads of sixty gallons each. Of this, 70 hogsheads were assigned to the Warden, and nearly as much more to the Schoolmaster and Fellows; while the allowance of a chaplain was 70 quarts a week, and of a boy 3 pints a day. In Elizabeth's reign, the College made favour at court by appointing Burleigh to be steward ("senescallus primarius") of all their manors, at an annual fee of £5; and this appointment was renewed to every successive Lord Treasurer until the Great Rebellion. James I. turned the boys out of their chambers, in order to provide accomodation for the Judges and Sergeants at the trial of Sir Walter Raleigh. It is well known that Winchester did not suffer much during the Civil War. No doubt the sympathies of most were Royalist; but Nicholas Love, the regicide, was the son of a recent Warden, and Colonel Fiennes, who was billeted in the College, was himself a Wykehamist. It was through the good offices of the former that Cromwell presented to the College some books that had formerly belonged to the Cathedral library. At about this time we notice that a fox was regularly kept by the authorities, as was the case in our own days at New College, though the fox would seem a more appropriate totem for Corpus. During the reign of James II. the "distributio pauperibus" includes a subscription of £40 "to the fund for the relief of indigent scholars of Magdalen College, Oxford." Under Anne, the bells were once rung "ob imaginariam victoriam," though valid occasions were not lacking; and the College was visited by four Indian chiefs, whose names are thus recorded phonetically --Hennick Te je nen ho ga zow, Brant Sa ge ja qua zaugh ton, John One jeh ta no zong, and Nicholas Eta wa con. In the time of the first Georges, the College fell under the suspicion of Jacobitism, which was perhaps not unfounded; for in the accounts of 1740, we find an item of poison bought "pro toxicandis soricibus Hanoverianis." In March, 1716-17, the grand jury of Hampshire actually presented "the Warden, Fellows, Master, Usher, and Children . . . for their known disaffection and corruption of manners"; and in the following year Mr. Secretary Craggs wrote a letter to the Warden, formally demanding that certain of the Children should be whipped, who, on the anniversary of His Majesty's accession, had gone to the Cathedral with rue and "time" in their breasts and with mourning hat-bands. To pass rapidly to modern times. We have a characteristic case of bullying in 1778; and details of no less than three rebellions (177, 1793, and 1818), all associated with the name of Huntingford, of whom more anon. When George III. visited the College in 1778--having come fifty miles from Windsor in four and a half hours--he was informed that the clump of fir trees on St. Catharine's Hill had been planted by the Gloucestershire Militia, in one day, during their last camp--a story which Wykehamists will find it hard to credit. Not less strange is it to hear that in 1799, and again in 1811, the Cammander-in-Chief acceded to a request from the Warden for a special order to the troops quartered at Winchester, that they should avoid St. Catherine's Hill, the river, and the adjacent fields, which "from time immemorial have been appropriated to the young men educating at the College for the purposes of exercise, bathing, and recreation." Alas! "Hills" is now deserted by the boys, and cloven by a futile railway. And so we arrive at the present century, and the reminiscences of persons still living. But this book not only contains a storehouse of interesting anecdotes: it also teaches an historical lesson, by unveiling the inner life of an old-world corporation. Concerning William of Wykeham's aim in founding Winchester College, there can be little doubt. What he had primarily in view was the free maintenance and education 318 THE ACADEMY APRIL 2, 1892. —No.1039. of seventy boys, "pauperes et indigentes," who should ultimately be trained in the sister Colleges at Oxford to serve God in Church and State. In order to effect this object, it was necessary, according to the law and customs of those days, to constitute a corporation, which alone could execute his intentions after his death and for all time. Hence the creation of Warden and Fellows, who were om the original design as much trustees for the boys as is the present Governing Body, though their trust was not bare, but clothed with a pecuniary interest. In Wykeham's statutes, which are now printed for the first time, their duties are defined, and their pecuniary interest is no less strictly limited. The Warden is to be nominated by New College; the Fellows are to be so-opted. All alike must be priests, which, of course, implied celibacy. They have to swear, "ad sancta Dei Evangelia," that they will observe all and each of the statutes "secundum plans, litteralem, et grammaticalem, sensum." Their fellowships are to be forfeited if they absent themselves from the College for more than a month in any one year, if they accept a living, or of they commit perjury. They are to receive a fixed allowance of money, of food, and of cloth; any surplus of the year's rents and profits is to be laid up in the chest for the benefit of the College. It is expressly provided that the Schoolmaster and Usher shall not take from the boys or their parents any fee whatever, under any pretext. A sort of visitatorial jurisdiction is reserved to the Warden and two Fellows of New College, whose official title appears to have been "supervisores," though the were commonly styled Posers. Let us now see how these statutes were obeyed. During the few years that remained of Wykeham's life, the Fellows seen to have resigned, as a matter of course, on obtaining preferment. But as early as 1406, when Cardinal Beaufort enjoined those who had livings to reside upon them, they sent one of their number to plead the excuse of a Papal Bull which never existed, and to bribe the episcopal registration. Henceforth this statute was broken with impunity; and Warden Huntingford, in the present century, who happened to be also Bishop of Hereford, used to require candidates for ordination to come to him at Winchester from his remote diocese. Needless to add that, after the Reformation, the Fellows held themselves discharged from the condition of celibacy. A Winchester fellowship thus became a provision for life, with rights of patronage in addition. According to the statutes, the money stipend of a Fellow was £5 a year, which was raised in 1560 to £6 6s. What they actually received will probably never be made known; for— incredible as it may appear—no record of it was ever confided to the bursar's accounts. Their dividends were derived mainly from fines of the periodical renewal of leases and these fines where nowhere entered. Common report used to place the income of a Fellow at £600 a year, with as much more form a College living. The Warden perhaps received the value of four fellowships, as his original stipend was £20, four-fold that of a Fellow. That he had an exceptionally good berth may be inferred from the fact that five Wardens of Winchester in succession during the eighteenth century had previously been Wardens of New College— in whom, be it remembered, the duty of visitation was vested. Of nepotism proper there does not seem so much as might be anticipated, though in later years the election of a son of a former Fellow recurs not infrequently. There is, however one flagrant case, which endured for three generations. Harry LeeI> became Warden in 1763; when he died in 1789, his son, Harry Lee II., succeeded to the fellowship of the new Warden, which he held (with a brace of fat livings) until 1839; meanwhile his son, Harry Lee III., had been elected Fellow in 1827 and survived until 1880. It would be interesting to know how much this dynasty of Harry Lees drew from Wykeham's chest during their continuous occupation of 117 years. It is also worthy of note that, in Bishop Huntingford's wardenship, no less than three of the Fellows (including a nephew of Huntingford's) held prebendal stalls in Huntingford's cathedral church. We should not have cared to recite this discreditable story if there were not still more behind. These clergymen, in addition to violating Wykeham's statutes in their own interest, violated them to the detriment of the boys. Not only were the boys habitually half-starved (of which we find abundant evidence in the pages); but— will it be believed?—the Headmaster and Usher were both allowed to exit considerable fees from the parents during several centuries/ WE believe that this extortion did not cease until 1834, when Dr, Goddard (a retired Headmaster) provided an endowment of £25,000 for the purpose of meeting a payment which ought to have been discharged out of the corporate revenues. In defiance of the penalties for perjury, the Warden and Fellows seem to have broken every statute, except the convenient one that bound them to secrecy. Nor is this all. When the boys were driven into rebellion by Huntingford's mismanagement, he expelled thirty-seven of them in a batch (including a future bishop and three generals); and he gave as his reason, no that they had been disobedient, but that they had committed the unpardonable crime of —perjury! For the boys, too, had to swear to the statutes, though it is safe to affirm that they were never allowed to read them. When one thinks of these things, one recalls the malison that Charles Lamb imprecated on the author of certain practices at Christ's Hospital "five and thirty years agp." If we have written strongly, it is because we feel strongly. Ourselves once recipients of Wykeham's charity, it is out go loyalty to his memory that we would brand as they deserve those who thur perverted to their own prog=fit his benevolent design. We thank the Bursar for having told the truth, without fear or favor; and we hope that the new Governing Body, despite the havoc they have wrought to the old fabric, may be encouraged by public opinion in their task of restoring the pristine glory of Domus Wiccamica. JAS.S.COTTON. The Life and Letter of Joseph Severn. By William Sharp. (Sampson Low.) THE difficulties of this work have been increased by the abundance of material at the writers disposal; but there are few who will quarrel with Mr. Sharp for having emphasised the influence of Keats upon Severn, to the comparative exclusion of other interests in his life. Its middle period— described on p.v. as 1840-1860, and on p.vii. as 1830-1860—could not have been adequately treated without a discursus upon contemporary art which Severn's achievements would scarcely justify; and the stirring record of his consulship at Rome— on p.v. said to have ended in 1870, and om p.278 in 1872—when "the world was going mad and all dreams of civilisation were at an end," belongs more properly to Italian history. There is matter here for extensive treatises "that would, in all probability, interest only a few specialists." But apart form his devotion to Keats, Severn possessed a powerful and fascinating personality of his own, In youth, when "he had been popped unwittingly into slaveru, and doomed to stab copper for seven long yeats," he gave up every spare moment to the pursuit of painting, and —often "without a fire, except that supplied by his own enthusiasm,"—produced a picture which won the gold medal at the Royal Academy, though it fit not, as Lord Houghton states (Memoir prefixed to the Aldine Keats, p. xxix.), "entitle him to have his expenses paid for a visit to Italy and three years' study there." In the long hours beside Keats's death-bed, "he was fortunate enough," as he puts it, "never to lose his patience or his temper on the most trying topics"; and, as British Consul during the Italian struggle "he was a kid of prince in the foreign society of Rome. He went to and fro, always serene, always affable, invariably quick to see the best some of every question, to mediate between bitter opponents and in bristling disputes." As an artist, Severn did not attain the first rank, but he was evidently regarded with respect by men of real taste among his contemporaries/ His many portraits of Keats form a unique memorial of the poet; and he gained the rare distinction of seeing one of his religious paintings hung in a Roman church. He was something of a musician, and also a voluminous writer. His style was graphic, but frequently inaccurate and diffuse; and Mr. Sharp's extrracts fully justify his unflattering estimate of Severn as an author. Still there is a certain weird charm in "The Pale Bride." The spirit of Keats at once overshadowed and illumined his whole life. They probably met first in 1816, when Severn was still an engraver's apprentice, aged twenty-two. The poet's eyes had rested on him "like the hazel eyes of a wild gipsy-maid, set in the face of a young god;" and from that day he would "intrude his miniature self upon Keats's superior society" whenever he could. Keats, for his part, was delighted to gain some knowledge of painting and music, so the the friendship grew apace. Four years passed before Keats's breakdown in health and his determination to visit Italy. Other friends were not at APRIL 2, 1892.—No. 1039. THE ACADEMY. 319 hand, and Severn eagerly volunteered to accompany him. Everyone was encouraging except his fathers, who strongly objected to what was certainly an act of quixotic devotion. :It was after midnight," writes Severn, " when'I reach home, and I found my father sunk down with extreme grief in his armchair. At last, when my mother and sisters had finished packing my trunk, and the time had come for me to leave, my brother Tom and I tried to lift up the trunk, but it was beyond us, and so I asked my father for his help. He rose up in am apparent passion of madness, and swore that if without his touching it the trunk was never to be lifted at all, it should not be touched by him. This was a terrible change in his demeanor, for which I was quite unprepared. No time was to be lost, and so I proceeded upstairs to take farewell fo my younger brother. My poor father, in his abstraction, stood in the doorway, and, as I attempted to pass him, struck me down to the ground. This made a tragic scene of it, for his love for me was unbounded; indeed, his often-avowed delight in my company, and my being his eldest sone, conspired to make this bow like an act of madness. My dear mothers interposed, as also my sister and friends, to protect me. Tom, then nineteen years old and strong, her my father against the door, but required assistance to do it effectually. With my dear home in this most melancholy plight I had to leave, and did leave with such agitation and trembling nerves that I was obliged to be supported for a fe minutes. All this was long before daylight, and the gloom seemed to increase the horror attendant on my departure.: Thus tragically began the most impressive episode of Severn's life. It is recorded full in these pages, for the most part in his own words, and forms unquestionably the most valuable part of the work. Everyone who can recognise the beauty of goodness of the imagination of genius will read the story of perfect friendship with eagerness and uninterrupted pleasure. It is gratifying to learn further that Severn and Charles Brown, at any rate, were free from blame in the painful jealousies that arose among Keats's friends about the writing of his Life/ Where so many were authors of some consideration, the difficulties were perhaps inevitable. Finally, The Life and Letters of Joseph Severn is full of absorbing interest, and contains. more over, some side-lights on the characters of the genial Charles Brown, of Gladstone, Wordsworth, Ruskin, Trelawny, and Browning's "Waring." The excellent reproductions of Severn's drawings and the appendices increase the value of the book. Condensation, however, is injudicious when it admits no allusion to the death of Severn's wife beyond a footnote; and references would have been rendered easier by the printing of dates in headlines. Only occasionally has Mr. Sharp indulged in undue exuberance of language; and he has assuredly earned our deepest gratitude by his memoir of the artists and friend who (with all submission I would suggest) has left us his own best epitaph in the words: "Poor Keats has me ever by him and shadows out the form of one solitary friend; he opens his eyes in great doubt and horror, but when they fall on me they close gently, open quietly and close again, till he sinks to sleep." REGINALD BRIMLEY JOHNSON. Methods of Industrial Remuneration. By David F. Schloss. (Williams & Norgate.) As a contributor to Mr. Charles Booth's monumental work, Labour and Life of the People, as also to various periodicals of high standing, Mr. Schloss is well entitles to a hearing on industrial questions. The idea of his work appears to have been anticipated by a French writer, M.A. Gibon, in a paper, "des divers modes de rémunération du travail," read in May, 1890, before the Congrès des Sociétés Savantes )see p. 180); but the reaction of a mere paper to a volume like the present one can at most be only that of a sketch to a finished picture, besides that M. Gibon's paper would seem chiefly to deal with continental experiences. Mr. Schloss has—without ever running into excess or prolixity—brought together a vast number of important facts relating to his subject, and marshaled them with remarkable ability. It need hardly be said that his volume does not read as easily as a novel, yet—barring, perhaps a table or two—it is not likely that any person interested in the subject will leave a page unread, whether he agree with the author or not. After an introduction, Mr. Schloss deals in eleven chapters, with the different kinds of wages, which he classes as time-wage, piece-wage, task-wage, progressive wages, collective task-wage, collective piece-wage, collective progressive wages, contract work, and co-operative work. The next four chapters treat of piece-wage foremanship and sub-contract, the objections entertained to the latter, and the interference of public authorities in regard to it. The whole remainder of the book deals in fourteen chapters with co-operation, profit sharing, and product sharing. The earlier half of the book (pp.1-140)— i.e., that devoted to the subject fo wages and subsidiarily of sub-contracts—appears to me the more valuable one. Mr. Schloss acutely points out that, while on the one hand "time-wage very often has a recognised piece-basis, the remuneration received by the operative being fixed with a distinct relation, tacit or expressed, to the amount of the labour which he performs within the period in respect of which that remuneration is received:; on the other hand, "all forms of piece-wage virtually rest upon a time basis." It follows that, so long as this is really the case, time-wages and piece-wages are but the two sides of one shield. Time wages are good so long as a fair amount of work is done during the times; piece-wages are good so long as a fair amount of time is spent over the work. Mr. Schloss, indeed, very properly observes that there are many kinds of work (of which he gives instances) "in which time-wage work is preferred by the employer." He might have generalised his statement, and pointed out, as I had occasion to do forty years ago (Yje Master Engineers and their Workmen, p.50), that time payment are "universally adopted, the more responsible and delcate are the duties, and consequently the more upright must be the persons selected to fulfill them:" that we do not pay the Prime Minister by the job, nor contract with the Chancellor of the Exchequer for budget so much a dozen. It is an important observation of Mr. Schloss that, "in estimating the extent of the injurious pressure exercised by the method of piece-wage, it is necessary to over-exertion, but also mental strain and worry" (p.38). "We are far too prone," he says further on (p.39), "to forget that working men have nerves as well as muscles, and that brain fatigue is by no means a monopoly of those to whom we ignorantly and arrogantly confine the designation of 'brain-workers,' Nothing, as a matter of fact, can be more wearing to a man than to have to perform an operation demanding delicate and accurate adjustment 'against time.'" Nor are such cases confined to cases of piece-work. It is within my knowledge that a railway wpointsman already receiving high wages at an important junction refused the offer of a further rise, and emigrated to Australia, simply because the strain of looking out for hundred of trains a day was more than he could bear. In reference to sub-contracts, Mr. Schloss acutely observed that a method which is spoken of in terms of laudation by economists and social reformers, say as Cairnes and Thronton, and by practical business men, such as Denny and Lord Brassey, is the same which, "under the sinister appellation of the 'sweating system,' has recently aroused in an unparalleled manner the indignation of the public, and has formed the subject of inquiry on the part of a Select Committee of the House of Lords." He has no difficulty in showing that the term "sweating system" is very variously applied. I believe it, indeed to have grown up in the simplest way out of such cases as that described in Kingsley's Cheap Clothes and Nasty, where six men with their "sweater" worked, no doubt streaming with perspiration, in one small room not more than six feet square, without chimney and without ventilation, in which the six also slept, paying cash 2s.6d. a week for lodging (three in a bed), and seldom earning more money than to pay for lodging and board. From tailoring or shirt making the term has been extended to the employment of middlemen in other trade, and at last to the taking of any undue profit from work. The term, in short, is not one capable of scientific application. With respect to profit-sharing, and to the opposite opinions which have been expressed of it by employers who have tried it, there sone very simple observation to be made. Since the workman's share in the profit is independent of all control on his part, and depends entirely on the employer, the practice can never succeed except where there is absolute confidence in the employer—in his honesty, his resources, and his ability—on the part of the workmen; and this is more especially the case where the profit is capitalised or its payment deferred for a less or greater period/ No profit-sharing scheme, for instance, can be expected to succeed where an employer has been in conflict with his workmen. There is this a personal element in all cases 320 THE ACADEMY. [APRIL 2, 1892.---No. 1039.] of profit-sharing, which is for the most part too delicate for investigation; and both successes and failures are alike almost devoid of scientific value, however important ethically. Profit-sharing, in short, does not really represent an economical method, but a series of experiments, admittedly most beneficial when they do succeed. In dealing with the subject of co-operation, Mr. Schloss, while combating Miss Beatrice Potter's theory that in an association for consumption there is no selling when a member buys a loaf from his store, yet practically comes to the same conclusion with her as against co-operation in production, by the workers becoming their own employers. For him the "immense significance" of industrial co-operation lies simply in "the fact that those by whom these co-operative enterprises are conducted are working men." His own ideal seems to be what may be termed co-operation in labour only--the employer entering "into a contract with a co-operative body, self-elected and self-governed, for the sale to him of so much work for so much money. To this co-operative group will, of course, be conceded no right whatever to have any, even the smallest, voice in settling the financial details of the business--such as the purchase of the raw materials, the determination of the manner in which these materials are to be worked up, or their sale in the finished state. On the other hand, within their own province, that is to say in all that concerns the organisation of their own labour, the co-operative employés will possess the most absolute discretion, the only right claimed by the employer being the right to receive in full the results for which he has agreed to pay." But, surely, if it be good that labour should be harmonised and self-controlled, it must be good that production, of which labour is the aim, should be harmonised and self-controlled also. The capacity for directing the carrying-out of a labour-contract successfully and remuneratively is, perhaps, even greater than that required for carrying out the whole undertaking of which that contract is an element, since of all machines the most difficult to manage is your human machine with a will in it, and your successful labour-contractor is not likely always to remain such only. Again, to mention only one detail, in the settling of which Mr.Schloss would exclude the workers from "even the smallest voice," the purchase of the raw material, this is a matter which sometimes vitally concerns them--e.g., through the danger to life arising through the use of materials proceeding from animals which have died of anthrax or other contagious diseases---and on which at all times their opinion is most valuable, since no one can estimate so thoroughly the quality of a material as he who works on it or works it up. Such an ideal, therefore, as that of Mr.Schloss remains insufficient and unsatisfactory. It may be fully admitted that co-operative production directed by the workers has not succeeded hitherto, but it does not follow that it never will ; and there are many indications that the workers are slowly acquiring the moral and intellectual capacity, the experience and the command of capital, which are needed for the purpose. In the meanwhile, careful economic studies like those of Mr.Schloss are extremely valuable---perhaps even more so to the working man than to the employer or the philanthropist. JOHN M. LUDLOW. A Guide to Greek Tragedy for English Readers. By Lewis Campbell. (Percival.) IN preparing this little treatise Prof. Campbell had no intention, as he informs us, of rivalling such works as Haigh's Attic Theatre or A. Muller's Bühnenalterthümer. His hope has rather been (to use his own words) that by "recording impressions made upon himself by somewhat close and long continued study of the originals, he might assist the reader of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, whether in Greek or English, to enter more completely into the spirit and intention of their works." This hope, we may say at the outset, has been very fully realised, in spite of the difficulties that always beset an attempt to put into popular language a subject whose technicalities almost necessitate special knowledge on the part of the learner as well as the teacher. If every now and then Prof. Campbell seems to be undecided as to whether he is addressing the instructed few or the uninstructed many, the general impression left on this critic's mind after perusal of the "Guide" is one of singular lucidity and directness as regards the language employed. And while those who have never learnt or, having learnt, have forgotten their Greek are thus excellently provided for, no classical student can read these pages without gaining much from the author's clever suggestions and interesting analyses. Prof. Campbell has the art (alas! so rare) of wearing his learning lightly, and displays on several occasions that sense of humour which by no means always goes with ripe scholarship. Thus from first to last his book is pleasant reading ; and considering the widespread interest which has been aroused during recent years by the performance of Greek plays both in the original and in English, one may confidently predict that it will prove a success. After a stimulating discussion of the question "What is Tragedy?" in the course of which Aristotle's famous definition is carefully explained and in the main accepted as satisfactory, the author proceeds to draw certain obvious distinctions between its ancient and modern forms, and next devotes a chapter to its origin and growth. So far he is on well-trodden ground, and there is nothing particularly novel in what he finds to say ; but his remarks on the "Subjects of Greek Tragedy," which follow the above, are original, and have an independent value of their own. Prof. Campbell is selvos opileo0ai---a "dab" at defining, if we may be excused the expression--- and in this section of his work he is congenially employed. He starts with a classification of the fables as (1) Super-human and (2) Heroic, and then subdivides the latter into (1) Legends connected with great cities, (2) Panhellenic legends, and (3) Fables having no apparent national or political significance. We cannot of course follow him into all the ramifications of these sub-divisions ; but in dealing with the first head he is careful to point out that "the myths and legends of purely Attic origin and bearing form but a trifling proportion of the number," whereas Argos and Thebes furnished plots for some eighty or ninety dramas, the reason being that theatrical conventions had crystallised before Athens had completely grasped the fact of her own supremacy. Of Panhellenic legends, he specifies those connected with (1) The Trojan Expedition, (2) The Voyage of the Argonauts, and (3) The Calydonian Hunt, the first of which sub-heads might, of course, be indefinitely broken up again. A list of miscellaneous subjects "taken from uncertain sources and slightly, if at all, connected with the great interests hitherto considered" brings the chapter to a close. In treating of the "Conditions of Representation," Prof. Campbell shows himself alive to the questions which have been recently raised by Dr. Dorpfeld and others with regard to the structural arrangements of the Greek theatre. These difficulties are not yet fully solved ; and pending the decision of those who dig, the author contents himself with offering provisionally a few remarks upon the new theory "which," as he says, "even if ultimately invalidated, cannot fail to modify existing notions" based mainly upon the canons of Vitruvius. Among much that is interesting in the later contents of the book we can only here allude to the chapter dealing with "The Fragments of Lost Plays" (of which several samples are given in excellent verse translations), and another containing an attempt to show, by way of illustration, how the story of Cambyses might be arranged for representation as an Athenian drama. Nor must we forget the lecture with which the volume concludes on "How to enjoy Greek Tragedy." In this Prof. Campbell, after proving what pleasure can be derived from translations and dramatic reading, sympathetically reviews the various performances of Greek dramas in this country and elsewhere, since Prof. Fleeming Jenkin led the way at Edinburgh with the "Frogs" of Aristophanes in 1873, and expresses himself as being in favour of employing English rather than Greek for the medium of such productions. On the whole, one is inclined to believe that the balance of opinion is against him on this point, but he supports his view by some undeniably powerful arguments. Whether acted in Greek o English, however, these performances cannot fail to have an elevating effect upon the national taste, corrupted as it has been, by the excessive scenic display and the triviality of style and subject so characteristic of the theatre of to-day, but so wholly alien to the Attic stage. H. F. WILSON. April 2, 1892.---No.1039.] THE ACADEMY. 321 A Translation of Dante's Eleven Letters, with Explanatory Notes and Historical Comments. By C. S. Latham. Edited by G. R. Carpenter. With Preface by C. E. Norton. (New York : Houghton, Mifflin & Co. ; London : Edward Arnold.) A PATHETIC interest attaches to Mr. Latham's book. It was composed, as Mr. Norton tells us in a sympathetic preface, after the author had been suddenly stricken down by paralysis in the flush of youth and health. The work was undertaken in competition for the prize offered by the American Dante Society for the best translation of Dante's letters with historical comments. The author died before the decision of the committee awarding him the prize could be made known to him. It is only fair to add that the work was never really completed. The vital question as to the authenticity of the various letters was practically left untouched by Mr. Latham, though doubtless it had been his intention to deal with it fully. This omission has been to some extent supplied by Mr. Carpenter in an Appendix to the volume. Though we are not so informed, it is evident that the text from which the translation is made is that printed by Fraticelli in vol. iii. of his edition of the minor works of Dante. It is to be regretted that Fraticelli's text was followed in preference to that of Giuliani, which, though far from being definitive, is without question the most satisfactory yet published. A critical edition of the letters has been promised us by the Societa Dantesca Italiana. Until this has appeared, it is idle to attempt to discuss the Latin text, the means at present available being wholly inadequate for the purpose. It is manifest, therefore, that this translation cannot be accepted as final. Apart from the fact, however, that it is based upon an imperfect text of the original, it may be regarded, on the whole, as very successful version. We are inclined to take exception to the constant use of "ye" for "you," which occasionally has a very clumsy effect, and mars what is otherwise for the most part vigorous and rhythmical English. Considering how crabbed and involved the Latin generally is, the task of the translator was by no means an easy one. He has succeeded, nevertheless, in producing a rendering which is at once faithful and readable---no small achievement under the circumstances. Singularly enough, among the least successful translations is that of the famous (and probably spurious) letter "Amico Florentino," at the close of which Dante rejects with scorn the humiliating proposals made to him for his return to Florence--- "They knew thee not who thought that thou could'st dwell Where Beatrice dwelt, disgraced in all men's eyes. Not such the soul to pass unscathed through Hell, And stand with Beatrice, pure, in Paradise!" As a specimen of the translator at his best, we may mention his version of the concluding paragraph of the letter addressed by Dante to the Italian Cardinals, in which he beseeches them to elect an Italian Pope. If the Language is somewhat involved, we may remark that that is the defect of the original, a defect which no translation with any claims to fidelity can altogether remove. It would be easy to paraphrase or recast Dante's language, so as to produce a succession of smooth periods in English ; but that is not the translator's business. It must be admitted that Dante's Latin style was anything but good. He had none of the grace and purity of diction which distinguishes the Latinity of Petrarca. Familiar as he was with the works of some of the greatest masters of classical Latin prose, Dante, unlike Petrarca, never seems to have been influenced by them in the matter of style in his own Latin writings. Hence, as we have already remarked, no small credit is due to the translator of the Epistolae for having so successfully converted Dante's barbarous Latin into good, if not always elegant, English. It is not easy in every instance to ascertain the exact meaning of the original. There is a difficult passage in Letter V. which has not yet been satisfactorily explained, and the difficulty is increased by the fact that the reading is not certain. Dante says : "Titan exorietur pacificus, et justitia, sine Sole, quasi ad heliotropium hebetata, cum primum jubar ille vibraverit, revirescet." Mr. Latham translates : "Titan shall arise pacific, and justice, which had languished without sunshine at the end of the winter's solstice, shall grow green once more, when first he darts forth his splendour." It is doubtful, however, whether heliotropium can bear the meaning here assigned to it of " winter-solstice," although that seems to have been the interpretation of the old translation attributed to Marsilio Ficino. Fraticelli translates heliotropium by fior d' eliotropio, taking it to be the plant heliotrope. If this be correct, for quasi ad we must read quasi ut (with Guiliani), or quasi ac (with Mr. Lowell). Witte objects that the plant heliotrope was hardly known in Dante's time ; but this appears to be a mere assertion, for the plant was frequently mentioned by medieval writers, who got their knowledge of it doubtless either from Pliny or from the familiar story of the metamorphosis of Clytie by Apollo into a heliotrope plant. ( Cf. Ovid, Metam. iv., 256 ff.) It is possible , however, that Dante is here referring to the well known (legendary) property of the precious stone of that name, which, when placed in water, had the power of altering or dimming the reflection of the sun. Cf. the following passage from the Lapidaire de Berne ( in Pannier's "Lapidaires francais du moyen age," p. 137) : "Une pierre qui fait merveilles, Onques n'oistes les pareilles, Hat nom elyotropia: Vertu et force trop i hat. Qui le met en l'aigue, si change Le solel en color estrange, Puis apres fait l'aigue bolir, Et movoir et en haut saillir." (vv. 941 ff.) The meaning of "quasi ad heliotropium hebetata" in that case would be "as it were dimmed by the heliotrope." The " notes and comments" form by no means the least valuable portion of this volume. The latter consist of a series of essays appended to the letters, and are full of interesting matter. The most important are those on the Conti Guidi, the Malaspina, and the Scaligeri (in illustration of Letters II., III., and XI.), in which the questions as to the identity of the several persons concerned are discussed at considerable length. In the essay on the Conti Guidi, Mr. Latham disposes of yet another of the picturesque legends which abound in the pages of the old commentators on Dante. It appears that the romantic story of the betrothal of Guidoguerra and the good Gualdrada, which is told so circumstantially by Benvenuto da Imola and Boccaccio, must be rejected as altogether apocryphal. The difficult question as to the identity of the Conte Alessandro de Romena, whose lofty character and "mind in love with virtue and at enmity with vice" are extolled in the letter to the Conti Guidi, with the Conte Alessandro mentioned in Inf. xxx. as having, with his brothers, instigated Maestro Adamo to falsify the Florentine gold florin, is fully discussed in the same essay. After a careful review of the facts, it is impossible to avoid the conclusion that they were one and the same person. For this reason, if for no other, in spite of the opinion of Witte, Giuliani, and others, it is equally impossible to accept as the composition of Dante the letter to the Conti Guidi in which Alessandro is so eloquently praised. We have already more than once had occasion to express doubts as to the genuineness of several of the letters included in this volume. It may perhaps be as well, therefore, to give in this connexion a brief summary of the whole question as to the authenticity of the letters attributed to Dante. These are fourteen in number. Three, however--those addressed to Margaret of Brabant--are unhesitatingly rejected by modern authorities. Of the remaining eleven, that written to Guido da Polenta, which exists in an Italian version only, is likewise almost unanimously condemned by recent critics. Fraticelli, however, admits it in his edition, and it is for that reason apparently included in the present volume. Of the rest, only three appear to be above suspicion, those, namely, mentioned by Villani as having been addressed respectively to the Florentine Government (Letter VI. in this collection), to the Emperor Henry VII. ( Letter VII.), and to the Italian Cardinals (Letter IX.). With regard to even these Renier hints (Giornale Storico, iii. 113), that the very fact of three such letters having been specifically mentioned by Villani may have suggested the fabrication of them to some enterprising humanist. It will be remarked that among the doubtful letters is included the lengthy epistle to Can Grande della Scala (Letter XI.), which has usually been regarded as an almost indispensable aid to a right understanding of the Divina Commedia. Giuliani argues strongly in favour of its authenticity ; but there are undoubtedly several grave difficulties in the way of its acceptance, which have not yet been satisfactorily disposed of. In the discussion of this question, it frequently happens that critics adduce passages and phrases from authentic works of Dante as proofs of the genuineness of compositions322 THE ACADEMY. [APRIL 2, 1892. -No. 1039. in which similar expressions occur. They are apt to forget that all such arguments are two-edged. Clever and unscrupulous literary forgers, like Gian Mario Filelfo, for instance, whos impudent impostures have been well exposed by Dr. Moore (Dante and his Early Biographers, pp. 94 ff), were not likely to neglect so obvious an expedient as the introduction of Dautesque phraseology into their fabrications, so as to give them the necessary colorito dantesco. There can be no definite settlement of the question as to which letters Dante did write and which he did not, until some competent critic has made a careful examination of the MSS. at Rome and Florence in which the letters are contained. Unfortunately there are strong reasons for suspecting the authority of these MSS. It is to be hoped, therefore, that in the preparation of the critical edition promised by the Società Dantesca Italiana the supreme importance of this point will not be ignored. The editor of this volume has performed a somewhat delicate task with judgment and ability. Besides the appendix already referred to, he has supplied a number of supplementary footnotes, chiefly references, which add considerably to the value and usefulness of the work. In correction of a note on p. 170 (for which the editor is not responsible), we may point out that Henry of Luxemburg did not die in April, 1313, as is there stated, but in August of the same year; his death, which took place Buoconvento, near Siena, being due to a malarious fever contracted during the "deadly Tuscan summer." We have noticed one or two errors in the appendix. Francesco Filefo's son is spoken of (p.271) as Giovan Maria (sic) Filelfo; and we are twice (pp. 278, 279) referred ti Giuliani's "Opere minore (sic) di Dante," instead of the "Opere Latine"; the mistake, "Opere minore," occurs again on p. 273. We are now in possession of the English translations, more of less satisfactory, of all Dante's important prose works, Latin and Italian. Our thanks are due to the Council of the American Dante Society for the encouragement they gave to present enterprise. The volume, which will be welcomed by all students of Dante, forms a worthy memento of the labours of one who, in the last years of his life, during a period of almost constant physical suffering, laid to hear the noble words (attributed to Dante) which he himself has transalated: "Although the bitterness of woe weighs upon us, for the loss of the bodily parts, if we consider the intellectual parts that remain, surely the light of a sweet consolation will arise before the eyes of the mind" (Epist. ii. 2). Paget Toynbee. New Novels. Nevermore. By Rolf Boldrewood. In 3 vols. (Macamillans.) That stick. By Charlotte M. Yonge. In 2 vols. (Macmillans.) One Woman's Way. By Edmund Pendleton. (Appleton.) Golden Face. By Bertram MItford. (Trischler.) Pambaniso. By Thomas Ross Beattie. (Sampson Low.) In the Midst of Life. By Ambrose Bierce. (Chatto & Windus.) Muckle Jock and other Stories. By Malcolm McLennan. (Mamillans.) Tales of the Heather. By Emma Rose Mackenzie. (Inverness: Mackenzie.) Nevermore is perhaps the best story of the Rolf Boldrewood series, regarded simply as a story and from the standpoint of plot interest. But otherwise it suffers somewhat from its very excellence. It is not an exceptionally good picture of Australian life a few years ago. The men - and still more the women - who figure in it seem bent, not so much on living easily and in moral undress on what, pace Emerson, is much more deserving of the title of "the great sloven continent" than America, as on playing their parts in the tragic drama of Lance Trevanion. For once, too, this least tricky of present day writers has resorted to one of the most familiar of stage devices - the strong physical resemblance between the hero of the story and the villain who happens also to be his father's illegitimate son. When all these deductions are made, however, Nevermore must be allowed to be one of the best novels of the period. It is quire as "strong" in point of character and incident as event eh finest of Mr. Baring Gould's stories, and there is not even a suspicion of mere strenuosity about it. In addition, the canvas in Nevermore is not filled with figures. Lance Trevanion, his sinister double Lawrence Trevanna, Kate and Jessie, the evil and the good genius of the Lawless family, and the marvellous (but not too marvellous police officer - these are ready all the prominent characters in the book, and not one of them can be said to obtain an excess of attention from the author. There is, however, one weak personality, that of Estelle Chaloner. She, as being bound up with Lance Trevanion's early life in England, ought to have been the connecting link between the old country and Australia; whereas, even in point of sheer womanliness, she has to yield to the otherwise secondary Tess Lawless. Lance, as a man pursued by the relentless Aeschylean Fates, is a very fine study in tragedy. His life as a convict unjustly convicted recalls, and is not in the slightest degree inferior to, certain of the best and best-known passages in Charles Reade. That Stick is not only a pleasant, well- told, healthy story, but it is a careful study of a number of characters, who here recall Mr. Norris's and there Annie Swan's, and are, in fact, all Miss Yonge's own. "That Stick," as may easily be conjectured, is a very good, honest man who, having unexpectedly attained position, proceeds to share it with the plain governess who has so long had possession of his affections. They lead the life of Darby and Joan rather than of Lord and Lady Burleigh, and have their troubles, more especially with his disappointed and selfish relatives. They have also one adventure - the spiriting away of their child. The main purpose of this book is to show the influence for good that can be exercised by characters of the type of the patient Mary and her almost too-well-intentioned husband upon morally inferior though not utterly bad natures. This purpose, it may at least be said, in successfully accomplished. It need not be added that there is an abundance of clericalised society in That Stick, and that its members talk somewhat learnedly. Altogether this is one of the best of the not purely historical novels that Miss Yonge has published. "It seems to me," says Roger Peyton to Agatha Floyd, on meeting her for the second time, "that we are prone to exaggerate the necessity of self-immolation. It is an open question whether, since we were not consulted as to our implication in the process called living, we are not justified in seeking reasonable redress from its disappointment in its resources." There are far too many appalling Americanisms, both of thought and of language, like this in One Woman's Way. At his best, indeed, Mr. Pendleton out-Jameses Mr. Henry James. The ordinary Philstine mind, too, which is perhaps a better judge of affairs of the heart than any other, will get tired of Agatha's endless "considerations," reflections, and self-analysis, which result in her marrying Roger Peyton when he is little better than a wreck of a man. One Woman's Way, however, is a really marvellous exhibition of modern American or rather Bostonian ultra-culture. When one is tired of it, and of "a quaintness that is an excellent substitute for with - a blushing, laughing acknowledgment of lack of sprightliness, a deprecating way of disclaiming cleverness" - one can always fall back on Agatha's unfortunate, reckless, yet very human father, who, under other circumstances, would have been a superior Captain Costigan. Golden Face is an average story of the kind that Mr. Milford seems to have a special faculty for producing. It differs from its predecessors chiefly in this, that the scene is laid not in the South Africa of today, but in the Wild West of some time ago, when it was only too easy to meet the Sioux on the war path. Golden Face is quite as exciting as most stories from the same pen, although it has, perhaps, more of a "manufactured" look. Colonel Vipan, or Vallance, is a trifle too hard in nature for a first-class hero, and the revenge which he takes at the end of the volume is positively ungentlemanly for a man who is nothing if not a gentleman. Undeniably, the wilder scenes in the book are sketched with a great power, and several of the characters in it- in particular Colonel Vipan's "pardner," Smokestack Bill - are admirably pourtrayed. Altogether, there has been published nothing better in the shape of a novel dealing with Red Indian life than Golden Face since the days of Mayne Reid. Pambaniso would have been more successful as a story if there had been more romance in it, and less historical and sociological information. Pambaniso may be a hero as Kaffirs are or have been. He is quite equal to any number of treasons, stratagems, and spoils, and is by no means a monogramist. He is also, however, quite April 2, 1892. - No. 1039] The Academy. 323 capable of doing savagely chivalrous things, such as running away with - and marrying - maidens in distress. Further, Pambaniso contains a great deal that is interesting about the murderous and licentious rites of Kaffirland, and altogether it will be found a useful book by the scientific student of anthropology. In In the Midst of Life we have quite an American Wiertz Gallery. Mr. Bierce's "tales of soldiers and civilians," to quote the alternative title of his book, end badly with the exception of the last, which is as much out of place here as a laughing child in a Golgotha, no doubt for the good reason that their author's whole philosophy is that in the midst of life we are in death. Whoever wishes "strength" will find it here even to a Kipling extent, more especially in those of the stories which deal with some of the minor agonies of the Civil War. "A Son of the Gods," "A Rough Tussle," and "The Affair at Coulter's Notch" ought to be especially welcome to all who delight to sup on horrors. there is too much straining after painfully comic effect in "Parker Adderson, Philosopher," but ther is no doubt whatever as to the almost over- powering cleverness of it, and especially of its close. Mr. Bierce's soldiers are evidently drawn from the life; his civilians are only so to a limited context. Messrs. Macmillan have done well in reprinting a selection of stories published twenty years ago, in two series, by the late Malcolm McLennan under the title of Peasant Life in the North. Some of these, in particular "Widow Macraw," "Jamphlin Jamie," and above all "The Dandy Drainer," are stronger, more patient, more life-like stories illustrative of Scotch humble life, with its sorrows and sins, then any that have been written by authors of more recent date, and of greater gifts of style than Mr. McLennan. Miss Mackenzie's thin but well-packed little volume, to which she has given the title of Tales of the Heather, naturally recalls some similar performances by the Ettrick Shepherd, and still more Wilson's Tales of the Borders. She has not, however, the graphic power of Hoff, and still less of Wilson, when that unequal writer is at his best. Unquestionably, however, she has made a good selection from the materials legendary, historical, and half-legendary half-historical, which she has found to her hand in the highlands. If not the best volume of the kind in point of literary execution that we have read, it is the most comprehensive. The style is old- fashioned; an imitation of Sir Walter Scott is suggested by such a sentence as the following, which is as neat as any in the book:- "The owner, Mr. Cuthbert, was a wealthy and highly-respected townsman, a bailie to boot, and though the shop was low-ceilinged and badly-lighted, it contained a valuable and extensive stock of rich silks and brocades, fine broadcloths of the bright shades of colour then affected by the beaux of the day, satins, velvets, and costly ribbons, fine laces from Ireland, finer damasks from Holland, delicate laces from France, and all the other materials which went to constitute the stock of a wealthy merchant two hundred years ago." William Wallace. Two Books of Continental Travel. The Country of Vosges. By Henry W. Wolff. (Longmans.) This is an interesting book, full of curious and valuable information. We fancy that politics have no great attraction for Mr. Wolff, but no one can write on Alsace and Lorraine without touching on burning questions. The author's views are temperate and unbiassed. Quoting Mr. Freeman, he says the German government may be "better," but the French is "more attractive" to the governed. Except in Metz and Mülhausen, whose trade with France has been injured by annexation, the lingering regret for French rule seems purely sentimental. "To hear Alsatians protest in the broadest German, 'We are French;' to listen to their glorifying French superiority over German - it is all so palpably put on." Metz is now only known as a fortified town; it was once far otherwise. There was an ol saying in Germany - "If I possessed a Frankfort I should spend it at Metz." Since this ancient town has ceased to be French she has ceased to be prosperous. No such fate has befallen the trade of Mülhausen, but its merchants (not its working classes) cherish a "cupboard love" for the French connexion. As regards the languages spoken in Alsace and Lorraine, the division between French and German is altogether capricious. "The boundary between the two languages twists about at acute angles and in sharp curves, and with an utter absence of anything like a neutral compound zone. You bid good-bye in a hamlet where nothing is spoken but French, and a mile further are given a welcome in broad German." If in point of language the two rivals are equally matched, there is no comparison between them when you enter the region of folk-lore and custom. Then you stand on firm Teutonic ground. Of some forty or fifty children's games played in Alsace, there is but one known to be of French origin and requiring the use of French words; and that characteristically, say the Germans, bears the title Diable vient. Alsace has been described as "le pays admirable, mais malhuereusement placé entre le marteau de la France et lénclume de lÁllemagne." Unhappy in their political surroundings, the Alsatians and their neighbours of Lorraine are happy in every other. Theirs is a land of plenty. "Das herriliche Elsass," broke forth enthusiastic Goethe, and Pope Leo IX. owned himself proud of having been born "in dulcis Elisatii finibus." The mineral and industrial wealth of Alsace is enormous. Of the 5,100,00 spindles turning in the German Empire, no fewer than 2,100,000 are in Alsace alone. Thirty-two per cent. of the pro vincial population are engaged in manufactures. Although Alsace is the largest wine-producing country in Germany, yet she does not produce enough wine to cover her own wants, but has to import in addition. Every man, woman, or child in Alsace drinks about ninety quarts of wine per head per year. This is no way interferes with the consumption of beer and spirits, even more beer being drunk than wine. Alsace is a paradise for good cheer, for is not Strasburg the home and birthplace of those delicious pâtés de foie gras, which, as Brillat Savarin puts it, excite "le feu du desir, l'extase de la jouissance, le répos parfait de la béatitude." Mr. Wolf defends the goose-fattener from the charge of cruelty. Biliousness, he reminds us, is pleasurable in the getting, and troublesome only in the having. And that stage the geese are never allowed to reach. Alsace is a land of small cultivators - especially in viticulture - hence its agricultural prosperity. A vineyard of two and half acres is considered a large property for a family. Holdings of two-fifths of an acre are not uncommon. Dr. Guyot states that the peasant can produce a hectolitre of wine at a cost to himself of seven or eight francs; he sells it at fifteen francs. But Mr. Wolffś information is by no means restricted to political and economical questions. His pages teem with allusions to legendary and antiquarian lore. The limits of our space forbid our entering this attractive field. Suffice it to say that the book can be highly recommended to all who take an interest in the historic lands of Alsace and Lorraine. A Year in Portugal, 1889 - 1890. By George Bailey Loring, M.D., United States Minister in Lisbon. (Putnam's Sons.) In a work written by one holding the position of ambassador, and having thereby access to fuller means of information than fall to the lot of unofficial persons, we expect to find proofs of the latest and most accurate knowledge. If the reader look for such in this work he will be sorely disappointed. The only statistics referred to in detail in this volume are those of 1882. In an appendix we read "the financial condition of Portugal is variously stated,: but no attempt is made to show which of these various statements is correct. The author mentions with pride that he has held the position of Agricultural Commissioner in the United States, and he frequently alludes to his taste for agriculture; yet he gives as a proof of fertility of Portugal a yield "of wheat from five to ten bushels per acre, and rye in about the same proportion"! On p. 65 Portugal is spoken of as having been "the most powerful empire in the world, and Lisbon the richest and busiest emporium in Europe." A strange lack of political insight is shown in the remark on the value of Portuguese bonds, p. 198; and by the assertion, p. 187, "Her present repose is impressive," et seq. There is not a single sentence in the whole book which gives us any such information as we should expect to have been within easy reach of one in Dr. Loring's position. In place of this we have elaborate descriptions, in the style of guide-books and of newspaper reporting, of the several royal palaces, monasteries, churches, villas, and country houses around Cintra and Lisbon. The writer never crossed the Tagus to the south, nor advanced farther than Coimbra in the north. We have long accounts of the author's official reception by Dom Luis, verbatim reports of his speech to the King, of the royal answer, and of the comments of a Lisbon newspaper thereupon; of a funeral ceremonies of Dom Luis, of those of the coronation of his successor, Dom Carls, of various receptions and dinners. And mixed with all these is a confused mass of guide-book history and learning, with constant repetition. From March 3 to April 4 Dr. Loring and his family take a trip by sea to Gibralter, Naples, Rome, Tangiers, Cadiz, Seville, and back by way of Badajoz. Rome is seen in three days, somewhat in this fashion: "In the daytime I took the restaurants, my wife went through the churches, and the boy walked the galleries. We all met in the evening and compared notes." On his return to Lisbon our author finds there an alter ego, a Mrs. Harris, named Chester; and to him he recounts most of the matter contained in the earlier part of the book, with additional confusion. This reaches its climax at the close of the historical sketch on p. 274 - 5 - 6. There we read, first: "On the 15th of November, 1853, the Queen Dona Maria II. died suddenly." Next, "On the death of the Queen, which occurred in November.324 THE ACADEMY. April 2, 1892. - No. 1039 1851, Dom Fernando became regent, in which position he continued until 1855, when his son, Dom Pedro V., became of age, and assumed the reins of government - who, with his young Queen, Estaphania, died after a short reign, as I have said, in 1851" ! There is a like confusion in architectural terms and materials, and mis-spelling of well-known names throughout. What, for instance, can jald-antique mean, and "Genesche, the ruling god of India"? The only good descriptions are those of Cadiz and Seville. This book may be of interest to Americans at home, in showing them what sort of life their diplomatists live in Europe, and as a record of Court ceremonies. For information on Portugal it is of singularly little value. NOTES AND NEWS. THE Clarendon Press will publish very shortly the first volume of a History of the New World called America, by Mr. E. J. Payne, which represents the result of many years' devotion to the subject, based upon a study not only of the Spanish authorities, but also of the extant remains of aboriginal literature. This first volume will begin by telling the story of the discovery and the conquest, and will then describe in some detail the civilisation of Mexico and Peru at the time, with special reference to their religious and political institutions. MR. WILLIAM HEINEMANN has in the press a volume of short stories by the late Wolcott Balestier, to be entitled The Average Woman. It will have a portrait of the author, and an introduction by Mr. Henry James. MESSRS. SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO. have arranged for the simultaneous publication of an English version of the second edition of Dr. Gilbert's Griechische Staatsaltertiimer, on which the author is now at work. The book will be very considerably altered, in view of the new light gained from the '??????? ????????. The translation is being made by Dr. T. Nicklin, scholar of St. John's College, Cambridge, and will appear under the title of "Greek Constitutional Antiquities." THE Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge announce for publication in May:- a Devotional Commentary on the Apocalypse, by Christina Rossetti, to be entitled The Face of the Deep; Bishop Andrewe's Devotions, in the original Greek, edited from the two existing MSS., by Canon Medd; and Impressions of Five Years' Work in the Archbishop of Canterbury's Assyrian Mission, by the Rev. A. J. Maclean and the Rev. W. H. Browne. THE next volume of the Muses' Library, published by Messrs. Lawrence and Bullen, will be the Poems of Andrew Marvell, edited by Mr. G. A. Aitken, the biographer of Steele and Arbuthnot. THE Rev. S. Baring Gould's new Cornish novel, In the Roar of the Sea, will be published next month, in three volumes, by Messrs. Methuen & Co. MESSRS. HENRY & CO. will shortly publish a volume by Mr. Barry Pain, entitled Stories and Interludes, which will represent the latest and more serious imaginative work of the author of "In a Canadian Canoe." A Scamper through Spain and Tangier, by Miss Margaret Thomas, the Anglo-Australian artist, will shortly be published by Messrs. Hutchinson. Miss Thomas has just returned from Tangiers with her sketch-book full of studies to illustrate her book. BESIDES Lord Randolph Churchill's book, Messrs. Sampson Low, Marston & Co. announce the following works of travel for publication in the spring season:- From the Arctic Ocean to the Yellow Sea, by Mr. Julius M. Price, being the narrative of a journey across Siberia, Mongolia, the Gobi, Desert, and North China, with sixty-four full page illustrations; Newfoundland to Cochin China, by the golden wave, New Nippon, and the Forbidden City, by Mrs. Howard Vincent, with reports on British trade and interests by her husband; Rambles through Japan without a Guide, by Mr. Albert Tracy; Through the Land of the Aztecs: Seven Years' Life and Travel in Mexico, by a Grigo; and The Best Tour in Norway, by Mr. E. J. Goodman. A LIFE of Spurgeon, by Mr. Holden Pike, will be published next week by Messrs. Cassell & Co. The Laird o' Caul's Ghost, an eighteenth- century chap-book which was very popular in Scotland and the North of England, is being reprinted from the original MS. by Mr. Elliot Stock. Dr. Gordon, of Glasgow, will write a preface to the little book. DR. BRADSHAW's edition of Lord Chesterfield's Letters will be published by Messrs. Swan Sonnenschein & Co. next month, in three volumes. MESSRS. EDMUND DURRANT & Co., of Colchester, announce for publication by subscription a book by Dr. S. Russell Forbes, entitled The Holy City - Jerusalem; its Topography, Walls, and Temples. It will be illustrated with a chromolithographic reproduction of the painting recently discovered in the Catacombs at Rome, which is believed to be a representation of Solomon's Temple. MESSRS. EASON & SONS, of Dublin, will shortly publish an educational work, entitled Good English for Beginners, by Mr. Thomas J. Haslam. A SECOND edition of Dr. Berdoe's Browning Cyclopedia is announced by Messrs. Swan Sonnenschein & Co. for next week. Purchasers of the first edition will be supplied gratuitously, on application through their booksellers, with the new sixteen-page supplement, which alone differentiates the second edition from the first. THE forthcoming number of the Eastern and Western Review will contain an interview with the Sultan of Muscat; a continuation of "The Truth about Egypt," by B., who is understood to be a leading native Muhammadan; "The Earthquakes in Japan," by Mrs. Ernest Hart; and "The Dawn of Christianity," by the Rev. G. W. Gent, being the first of a series dealing with the history of the Churches. The section entitled "Eastern Affairs and Western Reviewers," and the index to literature connected with the East, will be continued. ON the retirement, in January last, of Dr. Rieu from the keepership of Oriental MSS. at the British Museum, it was decided by the Trustees to create a new department to consist of Oriental printed books as well as MSS., of which Prof. Douglas has now been appointed keeper. FOR some time past, the English Dialect Society has been languishing for lack of subscribers; and, indeed, it was proposed to wind up affairs during the current year. Now, however, we understand that there is some hope that the existence of the Society may be prolonged, under new management, at Oxford. To complete the set of publications for 1891, The Dialect of Hartland, Devonshire, edited by Mr. Pearse Chope, is nearly ready; and the following three works are proposed for the current year:- The Dialect of Idle and Windhill, near Bradford, Yorkshire, by Prof. Joseph Wright; the third and concluding part of the Lancashire Glossary; and a supplement to English Plant Names, by Messrs. James Britten and Robert Holland. Meanwhile, the proposed English Dialect Dictionary - towards which Prof. Skeat has given so much help both in money and labour - is also at a stand. The materials have all been handed over to Prof. Joseph Wright, Mr. Sayce's successor in the deputy chair of comparative philology at Oxford. As stated elsewhere in the ACADEMY, March 28, 1893, will be the five-hundredth anniversary of the opening of Winchester College, and so of the beginning of English public school life. In order to consider the best mode of celebrating this occasion, a meeting of Wykehamists will be held at the Westminster Palace Hotel in the afternoon of May 11, the day of the annual Wykehamist dinner. Lord Basing, better known to some as Mr. Sclater-Booth, has consented to take the chair. We believe that the proposal advocated by Dr. Fearon, the headmaster, is to build a new chapel. FOLLOWING their successful production of the "Antigone" two years ago, the boys of Bradfield College will give three performances of the "Agamemnon" of Aeschylus, in the original Greek, in an open air theatre, during next June. AT the meeting of the Elizabethan Society, to be held on Wednesday next, April 6, papers will be read by Mr. William Poel on "Henry VIII.," and by Mr. James Ernest Baker on "Thomas Randolph, his Dramatic and Poetical Works." Mr. Sidney Lee will take the chair. WE are informed that a series of returns of the state of parishes in the year 1705, contained in six volumes, at Lambeth Palace library, affords much information for the compiler of parochial history. These returns were made to ascertain the extent and value of Church property, with a view towards augmenting poor endowments, so that they may almost be called the precursors of what is being done at the present day. The inquiries extend over a great part of England, but the counties of Cornwall and Devon are particularly well represented, thus claiming the attention of the Western antiquary. The Lambeth volumes probably formed part of a larger series, which may be preserved at the Record Office or elsewhere. WE hear that Walt Whitman was greatly pleased with the authorised British edition of his works, published some years ago by Messrs. Wilson & McCormick of Glasgow. In one of his letters to Mr. Frederick W. Wilson - to whom he presented a copy, with autograph, of the centennial edition of his works, an edition now very scarce - he expressed his admiration of the manner in which Leaves of Grass had been got up, saying he "preferred it to the American edition." UNIVERSITY JOTTINGS. THE Rev. Dr. T. G. Bonney, professor of geology at University College, London, has been nominated by the Vice-Chancellor to be Rede Lecturer at Cambridge this year. AN anonymous donor has offered to the University of Oxford a scholarship of ?100, tenable for one year, for original research in some subject requiring for its elucidation both chemical and bacteriological methods. The work is to be done in the laboratories of the College of State Medicine, Great Russellstreet. THE curators of the Taylorian Institution at Oxford offer a prize of ?10 for proficiency in the Russian language and literature. HIGHER Latin and Greek having recently been added to the subjects of the Cambridge Local Examination for Senior Students, it is APRIL 2, 1892. - No. 1039. THE ACADEMY. 325 now proposed that successful candidates shall, under certain circumstances, be excused from Part I. of the Previous Examination. THE programme has just been issued of the fifth summer meeting of "extension" students, to be held in Oxford during July and August of this year. The chief feature is a "sequence" of no less than one hundred lectures devoted to different aspects of the Renaissance and the Reformation. It is hoped that Mr. J. A. Symonds will be able to deliver the inaugural lecture on July 29; among others who have promised their help are - Prof. Dowden, Mr. Walter Pater, Mr. F. York Powell, Mr. T. G. Jackson, A.R.A., Mr. Sidney Lee, Mr. Churton Collins, and the Rev. P. Wicksteed. Other lectures will deal with Greek literature and art, physical science (with courses for practical work in the university laboratory), economics, &c. We may specially notice that Mr. H. W. Rolfe, of Philadelphia, is coming to give a course of six lectures on American literature; and that Mr. J. Wells, of Wadham, will give eight lectures on the history of Oxford University. There will be no summer meeting in 1893. MR. OLIVER ELTON, now lecturer in English at Owens College, has been invited to deliver a course of lectures this spring upon English literature at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. AT the meeting of the Victoria Institute, on Monday next, April 4, Prof. Bernard, of Trinity College, Dublin, will read a paper upon "The Argument from Design." THE Education Department has sanctioned the request of the authorities of Aberystwith College, for the establishment of a day training college for men and women in connexion with that institution. ORIGINAL VERSE. MY FRIEND. MY friend is one whom I have fancied cold In early days of converse, but whose hold Upon my heartstrings grew to links of gold. Deep like the sea, with riches still unguessed, I cling to what is seen and dream the rest, Knowing that what appears is not the best. ARTHUR L. SALMON. OBITUARY. WALT WHITMAN. FOR some weeks past we have learned from occasional telegraphs - few and meagre they were - that the greatest American was dying in his quiet home at Camden. And now the news has come that Walt Whitman, full of years and, as we gladly know, not unattended by the blessings that years should bring, "as honour, love, obedience, troops of friends," has indeed passed away. Many and many hearts in this country and others will feel the loss with a pang like that of a personal bereavement. But at worst no bitterness or indignation will be mingled with our sorrow, as it must have been if this event had happened, when it seemed most likely to happen, some fifteen years ago. At that time Whitman, poor, in debt, paralyzed, and all but given over by the doctors, was bringing out his edition of 1876 - the two volumes known as Leaves of Grass, and Two Rivulets, in which his plan first came in sight of a satisfactory rounding and completion. News of his condition and circumstances reached England, and immediately steps were taken to give him both the help and the good cheer he needed, by securing a wide circulation for his new edition. "Many paid double and treble price," he writes, in that serene and beautiful valedictory book in which he has just taken leave of life and poetry. * "Many sent kind and eulogistic letters. Those blessed gales from the British Islands probably (certainly) saved me." Then he notes down some sixty names, some of them, like Tennyson's and Ruskin's, known wherever the English language is spoken, some of which the world has never heard; all associated here in a loving record of service well done and well remembered. "That emotional, audacious, open-handed, friendly-mouthed, just opportune British action plucked me like a brand from the burning, and gave me life again to finish my book, since about completed. I do not forget it, and shall not; and if I ever have a biographer, I charge him to put it in the narrative. I have had the noblest friends and backers in America . . . and yet, perhaps, the tenderest and gratefulest breath of my heart has gone, and ever goes, over the seagales across the big pond." In all probability this action of his English friends added fifteen years to Whitman's life; and in those years he saw the almost unbroken array of hostile or contemptuous faces, sole audience hitherto for his chants of love and joy, take an aspect of friendship and admiration. He saw the circle of his readers steadily widening and extending into new lands. He saw his full success and recognition not indeed accomplished - far from that - but at least well on the way toward accomplishment. At any time, we cannot doubt, he would have confronted death with faith and serenity. But his friends may well be glad to think that he may not be added to the list of those "mighty poets in their misery dead" who perished in a midnight sea of calamity and gloom. The outward facts of Whitman's life are likely to be sufficiently well known to most readers of the ACADEMY. I shall therefore only briefly summarise them here. He was born in 1819, of substantial farming people in Long Island (Paumanok). His education was of an ordinary character - no university culture. But he had a natural love of what is great in literature; and the Bible, Homer, and Shakspere were the great literary influences in his life. Like many Americans, he tried his hand at a variety of occupations - now a carpenter, then a schoolmaster, finally a journalist, in which capacity he wrote tales, sketches, articles, and now and then poems, in no way better than journey work of this kind usually is. He had not yet delivered himself from literary forms which, if not false and dead in themselves, were certainly so to him, and in which he could achieve nothing. It was "early in the fifties," writes Dr. Bucke, + that Leaves of Grass "began to take a sort of unconscious shape in his mind." It was at this time that in his little room in Brooklyn appeared the placard printed by his own hand, "Make the Work." And truly he made the work! such a work as no contemporary has ever attempted to make - that heroic effort to cope with, comprehend, and express the whole life of a modern man, living, a democrat, in the midst of a great democratic society. The first edition of Leaves of Grass, consisting of twelve poems (including the "Song of Myself"), was published in 1855. From that germ grew, not by mere addition, but by an organic process of growth or expansion, the thick quarto volume of 1888. The American Civil War was the great turning-point in his life. The proof it afforded that the American people were capable of waging a desperate struggle and making *Good-bye, my Fancy. (Whitman's books are sold in London at Putnam's Sons, Bedfordstreet.) + Dr Bucke's Life contains, I think, everything that is worth knowing about Whitman, and the history of his books, up to 1883. enormous sacrifices for an ideal purpose, filled him with a new faith in the destinies of his country. And this faith was confirmed by what one may call a personal knowledge of the American people, gained where it lay, in the grip of suffering and death, in the wards of the great army hospitals. Here Whitman served for three years as a volunteer nurse, supporting himself by letters to New York journals, spending the most of his earnings in relieving the sufferings of the wounded who were his care, and living, that he might have more to spend, with the most rigid self-denial. It was, indeed, little that he had to give them in money or in things that money buys. But he gave them something better; and the tranquil strength and benignity of his nature brought with his very presence an atmosphere of peace and hope. An eye-witness of his labours wrote in the New York Herald, in 1876, a touching account of what he saw: "Never shall I forget one night when I accompanied him on his rounds through a hospital, filled with those wounded young Americans whose heroism he has sung in deathless numbers. There were three rows of cots, and each cot bore its man. When he appeared, in passing along, there was a smile of affection and welcome on every face, however wan, and his presence seemed to light up the place as it might be lit by the presence of the Son of Love. From cot to cot they called him, often in tremulous tones or in whispers; they embraced him, they touched his hand, they gazed at him. To one he gave a few words of cheer, for another he wrote a letter home, to others he gave an orange, a few comfits, a cigar, a pipe and tobacco, a sheet of paper or a postage stamp, all of which and many other things were in his capacious haversack. From another he would receive a dying message for mother, wife, or sweetheart; for another he would promise to go on an errand; to another, some special friend, very low, he would give a manly farewell kiss. He did the things for them which no nurse or doctor could do, and he seemed to leave a benediction at every cot as he passed along. The lights had gleamed for hours in the hospital that night before he left it; and as he took his way towards the door, you could hear the voice of many a stricken hero callign 'Walt, Walt, Walt, come again! come again!' " It may be observed that this work in the army hospitals was no premeditated purpose with Walt Whitman. He had gone to the seat of war simply to look after his wounded brother. The care bestowed on him extended itself naturally to others who were in the same plight; and before he knew it, Whitman found himself possessed of a "mission," which engaged all his energy and ardour. His services from beginning to end were given gratuitously, but at the close of the war they gained him a small post in a Government office. From this, however, he was ere long dismissed by Mr. Secretary Harlan, on the ground that he had written a book which that official considered unfit for publication. Another post in the office of the Attorney-General was at once procured for him; and this he held till 1873, when he was struck down by an attack of paralysis, traceable primarily to the nervous tension, fatigue and privations of the war period. His mangificent health was now completely and permanently shattered; and as his books had brought him nothing but calumny and persecution, his very means of livelihood, if death did not at once solve the problem of existence for him, seemed uncertain. It was the darkest hour of his life, but it was also, as he has told us, the dawn of a better day. It was now that he received from England that recognition and help of which he speaks so warmly; and thenceforth, though with occasional reverses, he began to be appreciated and understood as he deserved. Some twelve years ago, as I remember, it was common to meet with educated people who considered it almost an326 THE ACADEMY. [APRIL 2, 1892. - NO. 1039. affront if one ventured to invite their admiration for Walt Whitman. But now, thanks very largely to the valiant advocacy of Mr. W. M. Rossetti, Prof. Dowden, Mr. Robert Buchanan, and others, Whitman is becoming a classic in England. A German "Grashalme" has been received with warm welcome by the most authoritative critical voices of the Fatherland. He is known in France, in Denmark, in Russia, in Italy - but unhappily it is still rare to find an American, at least in Europe, who had ever heard of Whitman until he came there, and it was always possible for American magazines to reject his contributions without exposing themselves to ridicule. Harper's Monthly lately declines the beautiful poem, entitled "The Sunset Breeze" (Good-bye, my Fancy, p. 12), on the ground that it was merely an "improvisation"! Since 1876 he has lived on quietly at Camden, with an occasional tour to Canada or the Western States. He has put forth edition after edition of his works, each with revisions and augmentations. The last dates from this very year, and includes the poems in his valedictory book, Good-bye, my Fancy. He has had loving friends about him to the last; and one in particular, Mr. Horace Traubel, has done services for him which well deserve to be had in remembrance by all who would gladly have served him themselves. Of the peculiar form in which Walt Whitman has chosen to express himself it is not possible to say much that is profitable. To defend it is impossible - to attack it looks like a sort of ignoratio elenchi. A reasonable man does not criticise Nature; an artist does not copy Nature; it has been given to one man to reproduce Nature. Whitman's writings have the form which the creative instinct supplies for itself from within - little or none of that which the decorative instinct imposes from without. I would rather he had both; the greatest art is a union of the two. Moreover, without the latter, any flagging or failure of power is conspicuously apparent; and of course Whitman has his weak places. "I have probably," he observes with justice, "not been enough afraid of careless ouches, from the first - and am not now - nor of parrot-like repetitions - nor platitudes and the commonplace." But our business at present is not with Whitman's defects. The moment that his influence and example are used, as they very well may be to thwart or constrain any other native poetic growth, then will be the time to break down that constraint, and assuredly those who have absorbed most of Whitman's spirit will do this most eagerly and thoroughly. But in the meantime our labour must be to make him known and loved wherever literature is loved, a work by this time prosperously inaugurated. Let us fix our eyes then on the perennially great and satisfying things in his poetry, its native power, its dauntless sincerity and faithfulness of aim, the immense uplifting tide of elemental life that streams through it. Sometimes, as the strong irregular lines roll on, the reader feels as one who watches the sea on a day of wind and sun: the vast array of swaying, on-pressing waves, the endless flash and motion, the flying, stinging spray, the salt smell in the breeze with all it's wild invitation to freedom and adventure: "Allons ! whoever you are, come travel with me ! Travelling with me you find what never tires. "The earth never tires, The earth is rude, silent, incomprehensible at first, Nature is rude and incomprehensible, at first, Be not discouraged, keep on, there are divine things well envelop'd, I swear to you there are divine things more beautiful than words can tell, {{column break}} "Allons ! we must not stop here, However sweet these laid-up stores, however convenient this dwelling, we cannot remain here, However sheltered this port and however calm these waters, we must not anchor here; However welcome the hospitality that surrounds us, we are permitted to receive it but a little while. "Allons ! the inducements shall be greater, We will sail pathless and wild seas, We will go where winds blow, waves dash, and the Yankee clipper speeds by under full sail." Yet, after all, this summons to a robust life of action and daring, to the bracing strife with realities, is far from exhausting Whitman's meaning and purpose. There is an Oriental mystic in this Yankee pioneer: "Not you alone, proud truths of the world, Not you alone, ye facts of modern science, But myths and fables of old - Asia's, Africa's fables, The far-darting beams of the spirit, the unloos'd dreams, The deep-diving bibles and legends, The daring plots of the poets, the elder religions; O you temples fairer than lilies, pour'd over by the rising sun ! O you fables spurning the known, eluding the hold of the known, mounting to heaven ! You lofty and dazzling towers, pinnacled, red as roses, burnish'd with gold ! Towers of fables immortal fashion'd form mortal dreams ! You, too, I welcome and fully the same as the rest ! You, too, with joy I sing." Joy, acceptance, faith, are certainly the dominant notes in Whitman's poetry. Yet his was no shallow optimism which averts its gaze "from half of human fate." There are utterances in him of profound melancholy and dismay - utterances in which we seem to hear the wail of all the mournful voices of the world. There is one poem in particular - a poem full of the pregnant creative touches which Whitman has so marvellously at command - in which the sight of the long trails and windrows of debris cast up by the tide on the coast of Paumanok brings home to him, with awful vividness, a sense of the insignificance of human things. Almost terrifying in their weirdness and awe are some passages of this extraordinary poem: - "I, too, Paumanok, I, too, have bubbled up, floated the measureless float, and been wash'd on your shores; I, too, am a trail of drift and débris; I, too, have little wrecks upon you, you fish- shaped island. * * * * Me and mine, loose windrows, little corpses, Froth, snowy white, and bubbles, (See, from my dead lips the ooze exuding at last; See, the prismatic colours glistening and rolling) - Tufts of straw, sands, fragments - Buoy hither from many moods, one contradicting another; From the storm, the long calm, the darkness, the swell - Musing, pondering, a breath, a briny tear, a dab of liquid or soil, Up just as much out of fathomless workings fermented and thrown, A limp blossom or two - torn, just as much over waves floating, drifting at random; Just as much for us that sobbing dirge of Nature, Just as much whence we come that blare of the cloud trumpets, We, capricious, brought hither we know not whence, spread out before you; Whoever you are, we, too, lie in drifts at your feet." In one of Wordsworth's prose writings there is a striking passage on the essential characteristics of the poet. "He is a man speaking to men; a man, it is true, endowed with more lively sensibility, more enthusiasm and tenderness, who has a greater knowledge of human nature and a more comprehensive soul than are supposed to be common among mankind: a man pleased with his own passions and volitions, and who rejoices more than other men in the spirit of life that is within him, delighting to contemplate similar volitions and passions as manifested in the goings on of the universe, and habitually impelled to create them when he does not find them." Perhaps this definition cannot be universally applied. Leopardi cannot be said to have rejoiced at all, in the spirit of life that was within him; yet Leopardi was a great poet. But the description might have been written for Walt Whitman, of whom indeed Wordsworth was essentially a precursor. Wordsworth and Whitman are both in love with the nearest, commonest, simplest realities, both love them largely for what they see behind them, both are philosophic thinkers in whom thought and passion are inseparably united, for both a true and vital perception of the natural world includes at least the elements of religion. With Wordsworth we recognise "a grandeur in the beatings of the heart." Whitman adds, "and why not in every other organ and function too?" I do not see how the true Wordsworthian can avoid asking himself that question, that most momentous and pregnant question. I do not see how anyone to whom that line of Wordsworth is not a mere rhetorical flourish can help applauding at least the aim of Whitman in those parts of his poetic work which have exposed him to particular reprobation and misunderstanding. Wordsworth and Whitman in fact are both representatives of the democratic spirit in literature; but Whitman with a far greater range of sympathy, with far greater daring and completeness. Indeed, it might almost be said that democracy in literature dates from him, with such unexampled thoroughness and ingrained conviction does he carry this spirit into everything that he handles. If he writes of a great man, a Lincoln, Sherman, Grant, it is because that heroic figure stands for millions of other men, for great human causes, for mankind. He venerates the religions of the earth, but does not see what there can be more wonderful and sacred than a man: "it is not they who give the live, it is you who give the life." He honours and glorifies virtue, but regards vice rather as its antipodes than its foe, distinct yet inseparable from it, and uniting with it to form one infinite existence whose nature our faculties are inadequate to represent or express. He will have nothing scorned or rejected. "His thoughts are the hymns of the praise of things," the common things and the common men and women of the earth. And yet he is as far as possible from any base contentment with what is lower than the highest or cheaper than the rarest. If he loves the common, it is not because it is common, but because it is, in reality, to the true vision, as miraculous and divine as anything else can be; as glorious in destiny, as capable of reflecting light from that unseen central Sun which vivifies and controls the universe. But enough of this. The best of Whitman is not what can be stated, proved, reasoned about; it is what comes to us like the tone of a voice, the glance of an eye, things that are nothing and mean everything. It is not with a book that we have to do, but a man: [?] [?] [?] [?] April 2, 1892. - No. 1039.] THE ACADEMY. 327 Generations will pass and bring us an American poetry which is master of a more lordly and perfect art, but not easily again the friend and comrade whose very presence made itself felt in the pages we read, and had such magic to fortify and cheer. Well, indeed, might we cry as they cried to him from the hospital wards, "Walt, Walt, Walt, come again!" Yet, though he leaves us, and for ever, there is something in the death of such a man which is no altogether dark and lamentable. For fifteen years he lived in the overhanging shadow of death, and never did he write with such lofty serenity and sweetness as under the deep, star-sown heaven revealed to him in the partial eclipse of life and health. And in his last book we seem to see him pass away to unknown divine regions, like some colossal departing figure, some earth- wandering Titan, lover and succourer of mankind, who turns on the horizon's rim to wave us a last farewell. Courage and hope are in that message; and we think of the words with which he closes the long chant of Salut au Monde, with their sudden mystic grandeur, their indefinable meaning and promise: "Toward all I raise high the perpendicular hand, I make the signal, To remain after me in sight forever For all the haunts and homes of men." T. W. R. MAGAZINES AND REVIEWS. THE third (March) number of L'Art et L'Idee does not fall below the two former. The chief attraction is a most remarkable plate, coloured and full-page, after Felicien Rops, "L'Amour regnant sur le Mond" - a Rops not of the "locked-album" kind with which that really great master has given too much cause for associating his name, but with quite sufficient sans gene. A gigantic winged love, feminine in type, and unclothed save for a bonnet, a floating robe which covers nothing, and a very pretty pair of slippers, leans on a mighty brazier at the top of a hill which a fantastic multitude of pygmies are striving to climb while cherubs and amorini flit about the air. Other characteristic cuts adorn the text. There is a note on the "Salon de la Rose Croix,"the best part of which is an initial letter after M. Seon; some plates illustrating the print-selling of the past; a note on the poet Rollinat, with a wonderful head of him singing. Some remarks on "Les Jeunes" ("ils bien assomment, les Jeunes"), and the usual chroniques make up a capital number. In the Boletin of the Real Academia de la Historia for March, Fernandez Duro examines three new books on Columbus. He impugns the conclusions of Ferrucio Pasini as to the birth-place of Columbus; shows that the chains described by Signor Mizzi cannot be genuine; but allows so much truth in Rivas Puigcerver's "The Jews in the Discovery of America," that there were certainly moriscos and Jews among the crews of Columbus, and that it is just possible that the island Guanahani may have been so named from their cry, Uaana Heni! The same reviewer notices very favourably Senora de Alvear's life of her father, Diego de Alvear. I. Botet gives an account of a Roman sepulchral tower, near Floret de Mar, Catalonia, and Romualdo Moro, of explorations in the caves of Perales. Gomez de Arteche has an analytical paper, with extracts from the most remarkable pieces of the Duchess of Alba's "Documentos escogidos del Archivo de la casa de Alba." He praises highly the industry of the authoress, and her historical sagacity in the choice of her materials. Father Fita prints a series of very interesting Bulls of Alexander VI. and Julius II., and letters of King Ferdinand on the establishment of bishoprics in Hispaniola and elsewhere. These are important also for the general history of the Church at that period. THE PROPOSED GRESHAM UNIVERSITY. THE following list gives the names of those members of the Corporation and Teaching Staff of University College, London, who recently signed the protest against the granting of the Gresham Charter. The signatures are arranged alphabetically. PROTEST: We, the undersigned Governors, Life Governors, Fellows, and Members of the Teaching Staff of University College, London, desire to express our dissatisfaction with the provisions of a Charter for a Teaching University for London at present before Parliament, and we trust that the granting of this Charter may be suspended until tis provisions have been modified. OR UNTIL IT HAS BEEN REFERRED TO THE ROYAL COMMISSIONERS OF 1888-89 FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION. Sir F. Abel, K.C.B., D.C.L., F.R.S., &c. The Rev. M. N. Adler, M.A. Sir Rutherford Alcock, K.C.B. Tempest Anderson, M.D., B.S., B.Sc. F. de Courcy Atkins. I. B. Balfour, M.A., F.R.S., &c., Professor of Botany in the University of Edinburgh. Sir Henry Bessemer, F.R.S. J. G. Blake, M.D. Surgeon-Major, J. S. Bostock, C.B. Mrs. Bruce. E. H. Busk, M.A., LL.B. Rev. J. E. Carpenter, M.A. H. S. Carter, F.R.S. H. J. Cohen. E. Rider Cook. H. Astley arbishire. T. W. Rhys Davids, Ph.D., Professor of Pali, University College, London. P. T. Duncan, M.D. Sir J. N. Douglass, C.E., F.R.S. W. T. Thiselton Dyer, C.M.G., M.A., F.R.S., Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew. Talfourd Ely, M.A., Late Secretary to University College. Sir T. H. Farrer, Bart. J. G. Fitch, M.A. E. Filliter, C.E. F. Fletcher. J. Fletcher. Professor W. H. Flower, C.B., LL.D., F.R.S., Director of the British Museum of Natural History. H. Fordham. E. Frankland, D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., etc. Theodore Fry, M.P. Sir Julian Goldsmid, Bart, M.P. A. B. Penn gaskell. M. Gurney. The Rev. R. P. Graves. F. Haines. T. D. Hall. George Harley, M.D., F.R.S. A. S. Harvey, B.A. R. B. Hayward, M.A., F.R.S. The Right Hon. Lord Hobhouse, K.C.S.I. R. Lee Holland. H. Hudleston, F.R.S., President of the Geological Society. R. Holt Hutton. T. H. Huxley, LL.D., Ex-President of the Royal Society. S. J. Johnson, Town Clerk of Nottingham, on behalf of the Corporation. J. N. Keynes, M.A., B.Sc. E. Ray Lankester, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., Linacre Professor of Human and Comparative Anatomy, Oxford; late Jodrell Professor of Zoology in University College, London. W. S. Lean, M.A. The Rev. Martin Lewis, B.A. J. Norman Lockyer, F.R.S., Professor of Astronomy in the Royal College of Science. O. J. Lodge, D.Sc., F.R.S., Professor of Physics in University College, Liverpool. The Right Hon. Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.P. Sir Philip Magnus. The Rev. James Martineau, D.D., LL.D. Russell Martineau, M.A. J. C. C. McCaul. The Right Hon. J. W. Mellor, Q.C. The Right Hon. Lord Monkswell. The Right Hon. A. J. Mundella, M.P. F. Nettlefold. The Rev. T. E. Odgers. Daniel Olliver, LL.D., F.R.S., Emeritus Professor of Botany in University College, London. F. W. Oliver, M.A., D.Sc., Professor of Botany in University College, London. W. Paice, M.A. Karl Pearson, M.A., Professor of Applied Mathematics, University College, London. A. J. Pepper, M.S., M.B., Surgeon to St. Mary's Hospital. W. Piper. The Rev. C. Platts, M.A., Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Joseph Prestwich, D.C.L., F.R.S., late Professor of Geology in the University of Oxford. W. H. Ransom, M.D., F.R.S. S. Rideal, D.Sc. the Most Hon. the Marquis of Ripon, K.G., D.C.L., F.R.S. R. D. Roberts, D.Sc. H. Roby, M.P. G. J. Romanes, LL.D., F.R.S. Sir Henry Roscoe, F.R.S., M.P. C. S. Roundell. J. A. Russell, Q.C. J. Burdon Sanderson, M.D., F.R.S., Waynflete Professor of Physiology in the University of Oxford; late Professor in University College, London. E. M. Skerritt, M.D., B.S., B.A. The Rev. Henry Solly. J. M. Solomon, M.A. G. Scharf, C.B., Director of the National Portrait Gallery. T. Starkey Smith, M.B. The Hon. Frederick Strutt. J. Wilson Swan. J. J. Sylvester, M.A., F.R.S., Savilian Professor of Geometry in the University of Oxford. E. Wynn Thomas, M.D. W. Cave Thomas. Fielden Thorp. H. R. Tomkinson. J. H. Trouncer. J. J. Tweed, F.R.C.S. E. B. Tylor, LL.D., F.R.S. J. Warren, LL.B. W. F. R. Weldon, M.A., F.R.S., Jodrell Professor of Zoology in University College, London. E. West. R. F. Weymouth, D. Lit. A. S. Wilkins, LL.D., Professor of Latin in the Owens College, Manchester. T. Wilson. W. H. Winter botham. R. Wormell, D.Sc. SELECTED FOREIGN BOOKS. GENERAL LITERATURE. CHOLET, le Comte de. Armenie, Kurdistan et Mesopotamie, Paris: Plon. 4 fr. DOUMIC, Rene. Portraits d'ecrivains. Paris: Delaplane. 3 fr. 50 c. DREVES, G. M. Analecta hymnica medii aevi. XII. Hymni inediti. Liturgische Hymnen d. Mittelalters aus Handschriften u. Wiegendrucken. 3. Folge. Leipzig: Reisland. 8 M. LAMOUCHE, L. La Bulgarie dans le passe et le present. Paris: Baudoin. 6fr. MONSELET, Andre. Charles Monselet: sa vie, son oeuvre, sa correspondance. Paris: Testard. 20 fr. OMONT, H. Catalogues des livres grecs et latins imprimes par Alde Manuce a Venise (1498 - 1503 - 1513). Paris: Bouillon. 15 fr. PIERRON, le General. La defense des frontieres de la France. T. 1. Paris: Baudoin. 12 fr. PRUDHOMME, Sully. Reflexions sur l'Art des Vers. Paris: Lemerre. 2 fr.328 THE ACADEMY. APRIL 2, 1892. - No. 1039. THEOLOGY. SCHOLZ, A. Commentar ub. das Buch "Esther" m. seinen "Zusatzen" u. ub. "Susanna." Wurzburg: Woerl. 6M. STORJOHANN, J. Die grosse Gebetserhorung Daniels in dem letzten Philisterkriege u. d. davon handelnden Psalmen. Berlin: Wiegandt. 1 M. 25 Pf. HISTORY, ETC. ADELINE, Jules. Rouen an XVIe Siecle d'apres le manuscrit de Jacques-le-Lieur (1525). Paris: Lestringant. 70 fr. BLOCH, H. Forschungen zur Politik Kaiser Heinrichs VI. in den J. 1191-1194. Berlin: Behr. 2 M. GUILHIERMOZ, P. Enquetes et Proces. Etude sur la procedure et le fonctionnement du Parlement au XIVe Siecle. Paris: Picard. 20 fr. KHALIFAT, patriarcat et papaute. Etudes historiques. Paris: Salmon. 3 fr. 50 c. LE CAMUS, eveque et prince de Grenoble (1632-1707), Lettres du cardinal, p.p. le P. Ingold. Paris: Picard. 12 fr. LETTOW-VORBECK. O. v. Der Krieg v. 1806 u. 1807. 2. Bd. Prenzlau u. Lubeck. Berlin: Mittler. 11 M. MERINGER, R. Studien zur germanischen Volkskunde. Wien: Holder. 5 M. SCHICKLER, le Baron F. de. Les Eglises du refuge en Angleterre. Paris: Fischbacher. 25 fr. SEE, Henri. Louis XI. et les Villes. Paris: Hachette. 7 fr. 50 c. VIREY. J. L'Architecture Romane dans l'ancien diocese de Macon. Paris: Picard. 15 fr. WORLF, G. Kleine historische Schriften. Wien: Holder. 5 M. 60 Pf. PHYSICAL SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY. BELLA, L., u. O. MUELLER. Prahistorische Funde in der Umgebung v. Oldenburg in Ungarn. Wien: Holder. 5 M. CAVARA, F. Fungi Longobardiae exsiccati. I. Milano: Hoepli. 10 fr. CLAUS, C. Ueb. die Gattung Miracia Dana m. besond. Berucksicht. ihres Augen-Baues. 8 M. 40 Pf. Das Medianauge der Crustaceen. 11 M. 20 Pf. Wien: Holder. DALWIGK, F. v. Beitrage zur Theorie der Thetafunctionen v. p Variablen. Leipzig: Engelmann. 2 M. PFEFFER, W. Studien zur Energetik der Pflanze. Leipzig: Hirzel. 4 M. SCHRENCK, L. v. Reisen u. Forschungen im Amur-Lande in deu J. 1854-1856. 3 Bd. 2. Lfg. Die Volker d. Amur-Landes. Ethnographischer Thl. 1 Halfte. Leipzig: Voss, 35 M. PHILOLOGY, ETC. LEGRAND, E. Cent dix lettres grecques de Francois Filelfe, publiees integralement pour la premiere fois, d'apres le Codex Trivulzianus 873. Paris: Leroux. 20 fr. REIS, H. Beitrage zur Syntax der mainzer Mundart. Leipzig: Fock. 1 M, 50 Pf. CORRESPONDENCE. THE OLDEST MS. OF THE HEBREW BIBLE. British Museum: March 30, 1892. The British Museum now possesses a codex of the Pentateuch which is in all probability the oldest known MS. of any portion of the Hebrew Bible. Until very recently the famous "Codex Babylonieus Petropolitanus" (containing the "Prophetae Posteriores") was allowed this place of honour by competent palaeographers. The arguments in favour of this view will be found in Dr. Neubauer's useful essay on the "Introduction of the Square Characters in Biblical Manuscripts," published in Studia Biblica, vol. iii. But after having seen the MS. Oriental 4445, Dr. Neubauer has himself come to the conclusion that "to judge from palaeographical indications, this MS. seems to be much older than the Codex Babylonicus" (see the Jewish Quarterly Review, January 1892, pp. 317, 318). It may therefore be asserted, with a sufficient degree of confidence, that the acquisition of this MS. marks a fresh advance in the zealous efforts of modern scholars to trace the text of the Hebrew Bible to its sources. It is indeed but a small advance in comparison with the centuries that still lie between the oldest known MS. of the Hebrew text and the age of the earliest versions. A MS. of the ninth or even the eighth century cannot be supposed to advance the textual study of the Old Testament in any appreciable degree. But there can be no doubt that a careful study of every fresh acquisition will be a very material help in our continued search for Biblical texts of remoter antiquity. The case is perhaps not as hopeless as we are sometimes apt to imagine. Pioneering work of a most excellent kind has already been done. Palaeograhpical works like the Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum, edited by Renan, Chwolson's Corpus Inscriptionum Hebraicarum, and the Oriental Series of the Palaeographical Society, will be most valuable helps towards the deciphering and dating of ancient MSS., whenever such should be brought to the notice of European scholars. In Dr. Ginsburg's splendid edition of the Masorah, the characteristic readings of several ancient lost codices are given in a clear tabulated form, and many useful hints are also found in the works of scholars like Steinschneider, Harkavy, and Neubauer. All that is now required is a careful search for ancient codices in all places where such are likely to be found; and considering the striking success that has attended recent efforts in other branches of literature, there is really no sufficient reason for doubting the possibility that similar success may be in store for critical students of Biblical texts. In the meantime, a careful study of the best and the most ancient codices that we have must continue to occupy Biblical students of the present day, and to prepare them for the more interesting tasks that may await them in the future. The MS. Oriental 4445 contains a very large portion of the Pentateuch, extending from Genesis xxix. 20 to Deuteronomy i. 33. It is provided with vowel-points and accents, and accompanied throughout by the Masorah Magna and Parva. It was written on vellum, and consists of 186 large leaves, measuring 16 1/2 in. by about 13 in. The number of quires which the MS. originally contained can no more be determined, as no trace of either enumeration of quires or catchwords can now be detected. Each page is divided into three columns of generally twenty-one lines each. The writing, which depends from the ruled line, is in all essentials identical with the square character used in the Codex Babylonicus Petropolitanus (see the photographic facsimile of this codex, edited by Dr. H. Strack, St. Petersburg, 1876); but from other considerations (vide infra) it appears that Oriental 4445 may safely be looked upon as earlier than A. D. 916, the date appearing in the colophon of the above-named codex. Both Oriental 4445 and the Codex Babylonicus were written with a reed, and the ink used is thick and shiny. The upper perpendicular stroke of the ? is considerably lengthened out in the top line of a page, and the left side of a column is irregular, the scribes of the two MSS. not having known the use of the elongated letters. But in Oriental 4445 verse- divisions were originally entirely absent, whereas in the Codex Babylonicus they were provided for by the scribe himself. Where such divisions were later on added in the Brit. Mus. MS., the two dots (?, as in the Codex Babylonicus, and not ?, as in later MSS>) often appear to be forced in notwithstanding the want of space. This consideration is the most important evidence in favour of the greater antiquity which in all probability belongs to Oriental 4445. Other indications pointing to priority of date are, indeed, not entirely absent. Close observers will probably not fail to notice that the type of writing used in this MS. appears stiffer and somewhat less formed than the writing of the Codex Babylonicus, though agreeing with it in all main points. It may also be argued that, as the Brit. Mus. MS. was in all probability written in the same neighborhood which has produced most of our Syriac MSS., the division of each page into three columns, as against the two columns of the codex of A. D. 916, should be taken as an additional testimony pointing to an older date for Oriental 4445 (see Prof. Wright's Preface to his Catalogue of the Syriac MSS, in the British Museum, p. xxvii. - where, however, he says that Syriac MSS. in three parallel columns "are scarcely to be met with after the seventh century"). But neither of these arguments is as convincing as the evidence furnished by the absence of verse-divisions, and it is safest to rest the proof of greater antiquity on the more conspicuous kind of testimony. To fill up a line, parts of the letter ? are generally used. This may possibly be taken to show that the name of the scribe began with that letter (see the descriptions of Plates xiv., lxviii., &c., in the Oriental Series of the Palaeographical Society); but there is too great an element of doubt on this point to allow of any kind of satisfactory demonstration. The punctuation, which is in all probability contemporary with the consonantal text, is not the superlinear vowel-system of the Codex Babylonicus, but the ordinary system which is commonly associated with the school of Tiberias. Its most noticeable feature is the scarce and irregular use of the "metheg." On fol. 120a, e.g. the word ????? occurs with a "metheg" under the ? in col. 1 (Num. iv. 9), without "metheg" in col. 2 (ibid. v. 12), and with a "metheg" under the ? lower down in the same column (ibid. v. 14). On fol. 30a, col. 1, the word ????? has a "metheg" under the ?, but not under the ?; and the word ??????, fol. 44a, col. 1 (Ex. iii. 10), as a "metheg" under the ? in agreement with the lost Codex "Jericho," but no "metheg" under the ? in disagreement with the same codex (see Ginsburg's Masorah, vol. iii., p. 135). If Oriental 4445 had been carelessly written in any other respect, the irregularity in the use of the "metheg" would not be surprising. But considering the great accuracy with which both the consonantal text and the vowel-points and accents were written, the irregularity just noticed must be held to point to a time when no fixed rules for the use of the "metheg" had yet been established; and this appears, therefore, to be another point in evidence of the considerable antiquity that must be conceded to this MS. The text of Oriental 4445 is identical with the Palestinian or Western recension, on which the textus receptus was based, and differs in this respect from the Codex Babylonicus, which contains many readings attributed to the Babylonian or Eastern recension. There is, however, considerable divergency between the Brit. Mus. MS. and the Masoretic text with regard to the "open" and "closed" sections. In some cases, as, e.g., fol. 48b, col. 2 (beginning of Ex. viii.), and fol. 76a, col. 1 (Ex. xxxiii. 5), a later annotator has revised the divergencies (vide infra); but in the larger number of cases the difference has remained unmarked. After Ex. viii. 15, however, the later annotator marked an "open" section where Masoretic text requires a "closed" one, the text of the MS. itself having no break at all. The letters ? and ? to indicate the "open" and "closed" sections are absent, with the exception of ? on fol. 141b, end of col. 2, contrary to the Masorah, and another ? at the top of fol. 108a, in agreement with the Masorah. The number of verses in each book and each weekly "pericope" are marked at the end of the books and the "pericopes" respectively; but no "Simanim" or mnemonic signs are given, and there are also some divergencies from the Masoretic text. The "Sedarim" are not marked at all, but the word ???? was added in the margin at the beginning of a "pericope" by a much later hand. The following remarks respecting the Masorah remain yet to be made :- Both the Masorah Magna and Parva were probably written about a century later than the text; and if, therefore, it be assumed, on the evidence given above, that the MS. was written about the APRIL 2, 1892. - No. 1039. THE ACADEMY. 329 middle of the ninth century, the Masorah may perhaps be considered to have been written about the middle of the tenth century. (It ought to be remarked, however, that, as appears from the passage of the Jewish Quarterly Review already referred to, Dr. Neubauer does not think it unlikely that it may be a century older than the codex of A.D. 916, while Dr. Ginsburg is disposed to look upon it as older still; and these scholars will therefore probably be inclined to assign a correspondingly older date to the Masorah as well.) The corrections of the "open" and "closed" sections are later still. When this later annotator wants to indicate that there is to be no break at all in the text, he uses the peculiar term ?????, or ???? ?????, i.e., "straight on" or "straight on is required." This term does not appear to occur in any other known Masorah. As an illustration of the great care with which the Masorah was written, may be cited the large number of "pointed" rubrics in both Masorahs. The Masorah Parva does not, as a rule, indicate the "?er?" in the margin, if there is no "audible" difference between it and the "Kethibh" in the text. Occasionally, however, the Masoretic note, ?? ???? ??, is found in connexion with such words as, e.g., to ?????, Num. x. 36. The text itself exhibits invariably the "Kethibh"; and in cases of difference between the Eastern and the Western recension it invariably follows the latter. The Masorah Magna, though apparently (with one exception, that will be noted later on) containing no rubric that is not to be found in Dr. Ginsburg's Masorah, frequently has different and interesting ways of expressing the Masoretic statements. In a good many instances it falls short with regard to fulness. On the upper margin of fol. 116a there is, e.g., a very defective alphabetical list of words, in the middle of which Yodh is written and Waw pronounced. On fol. 30b, 31b, &c., ??? is quoted as an authority. Judging by the analogy of similar references to authorities in the Masorah - e.g., to the codices of Tiberias, Sinai, Lanbuki - this term very likely denotes an ancient lost Codex; but Masoretic scholars differ on this point, one of the views being that it means "beautiful," in the sense of "well-written," and therefore "correct." On the outer margin of fol. 40b, the great Masorite Ben-Asher is referred to as an authority in favour of omitting the "makk?f" between four stated pairs of closely connected words. This Masorah is not at present known to exist elsewhere, and the Masoretic text itself does not in this instance follow the reading of Ben- Asher. It is not improbable that the rubric in question was written in the lifetime of this great Masoretic scribe. On the outer margin of fol. 40a there is a statement from which it clearly follows that there once existed - or that there may still exist - a whole Bible by the same scribe and punctuator. Among the list, namely, of the exceptional occurrences of words and phrases given on the upper and outer margins of the pages, the following statement is found: "On the authority of the scribe and punctuator, the form "yithgadd?l" is only once found in the Bible." But as this word occurs in Isa. x. 15, and the similar form "yithgadd?l," which the Masoretic rubric was intended to differentiate from it, is found in Dan. xi. 37, the inference forces itself on one's mind that the Brit. Mus. Oriental MS. 4445 is but a small portion of a larger work that was written and punctuated at the same time and in the same manner is this MS. G. MARGOLIOUTH. "TRISANTONA" ONCE MORE. London: March 26, 1892. From a report in the ACADEMY of to-day, I learn that, at a recent meeting of the Cambridge Philological Society, Mr. Nixon discussed the corrupt passage in Tac. Ann. xii. 31, of which the MS. reading is cunctaque castris antonam et sabrinam fluvios cohibere parat. His proposal is to insert ad after castris, and to adopt the old conjecture Aufonam (an imagined prehistoric name for the Avon) instead of antonam. It will be remembered by some of your readers that in letters published in the ACADEMY for April 28 and May 19, 1883, I attempted to prove: (1) That all the correction needed in this passage is to change castris antonam into cis Trisantonam, and (2) that Trisantona is the original form of the name which is now Trent, so that the passage means that Ostorius set about making a strictly controlled "Roman Britain" (so to speak) of the whole country on this side the Trent and the Severn. I was not then aware that either of these positions had been advocated by anyone else. However, I have since learned that the first of them had been anticipated by Heraeus (? about 1846), and partially by C. Muller in 1883; the second appears to have been an entire novelty. It still appears to me that the proofs offered by me nine years ago are conclusive; and I hope it will not seem arrogant if I venture to express the opinion that the reason why some eminent scholars have not accepted my results is either that they are not fully acquainted with the evidence, or because they have not made the special studies that would enable them to appreciate the weight of certain portions of it. The proofs which I myself consider strongest are based on facts that lie outside the province of Latin scholarship. Moreover, in my letters of 1883, the case was not presented so lucidly or effectively as it might have been; the various points in the argument were set down merely in the order in which they happened to occur to me. Mr. Nixon is evidently under the belief that there exists no evidence bearing on the question (or, at least, none worth considering) beyond what may be derived from the internal plausibility of the various conjectures proposed. He has certainly not thought it necessary to ask any Celtic philologist whether Aufona is a possible antecedent form of Avon. Or, perhaps, he did ask, and "would not stay for an answer." The ancient form of Avon is Abona. I should like briefly to re-state the principal arguments in favour of my interpretation of the passage, referring to my former letters for fuller details. 1. The proposed correction involves a minimum of deviation from the MS. text. Only one letter is altered. 2. According to known phonological laws, a Celtic philologist would expect that a second century British name Trisantona would, by the time of the completion of the Angle conquest of the Midlands, have become Trihanton. Now Baeda's form of the name Trent is Treanta (theme Treantan-). This shows that the antecedent form of Trent may legitimately be assumed to have been Trisantona. Still, it does not prove that it was so; but what is wanting in this argument is supplied in the next paragraph. 3. In Welsh, an original nt in the middle of a word becomes nh (sometimes written nn). The Welsh author of the De Mirabilibus Britanniae, included in the tenth century work ascribed to Nennius, uses Trahannonus for the Trent, in a passage which (as I seem to have been the first to point out) is an unmistakable description of the "eagre" of that river. Further, the Welsh bardic poems mention a river Taranhon; and distinguished Welsh scholars have assured me that my identification of this river with the Trent is perfectly suitable to the context of the passages in which the name occurs. Now the two Welsh forms absolutely presuppose an antecedent form Tr'santona or-t?na; and the right vocalisation may be inferred by a comparison with Ptolemy's Trisanton,* a river which disembogues into the English Channel. It is, therefore, quite certain that, whether Tacitus has mentioned the Trent or not, at any rate the name of that river in his time must have been Trisantona. 4. We are thus brought face to face with the fact that a change of one letter in an admittedly corrupt passage has the result of introducing into the text of Tacitus a word (of eleven letters!) which is philologically proved to have been in his time the name of the river Trent. Can this be an accident? Well, if it should turn out that the mention of the Trent in this passage is utterly impossible, we must answer in the affirmative; though such an accident would surely be one of the strangest that ever happened. 5. But the conclusion that the boundaries fixed by Ostorius for his first "Roman Britain" were the Trent and the Severn is in fact exactly in accordance with what Ostorius would be likely to do. He would certainly wish to have a strong natural frontier so far as possible; and he could have no other frontier so strong or complete as that formed by these two great rivers. The Severn begins its north-to-south course about Wroxeter; the Trent begins is west-to-east course about Colwich; the distance between these two places (near which the rivers become available for boundaries) is about thirty miles. Except for this slight interruption, the boundary line formed by the Trent and Severn would be continuous from sea to sea. It is noteworthy that Prof. Mommsen has arrived at the conclusion that part of the operations of Ostorius consisted in the establishment of the fortress of Wroxeter. This is, of course, just what on my theory would naturally be expected. But Mommsen goes on to infer that there must be a specific reference to this proceeding in the passage now under discussion. He proposes to read cunctaque castris ad . . . ntonam, supposing the mutilated name to have been that of the river Tern, which falls into the Severn at Wroxeter. This conjecture is sufficiently refuted by the foregoing demonstration of the identity of Trisantona and Trent. The rivers Tern and Trent are mentioned together by old Welsh bards as Tren and Taranhon; so that there is no room for the (otherwise most unlikely) supposition that the two neighbouring rivers were originally homonymous. 6. Another argument in favour of my interpretation of the passage is derived from the immediately following words, quod primi Iceni abnuere. On the supposition, hitherto the prevailing one, that the measures of Ostorius were concerned with fortifications so far west as the Severn, it is hard to see why the Iceni, of all people, should have been "the first to refuse to submit to" what must have touched them less than anybody else. If, however, as I think, the purpose ascribed by Tacitus to Ostorius is that of "subjecting to strict control the whole country on this side the Trent and Severn," the grievance would be felt just as severely by the eastern tribes as by * The reader will be aware that a large proportion of British river-names occur in more than one locality; e.g., there is more than one Allen, Avon, Axe, Derwent, Lea, Ouse, Tame, Trent, Wansum, &c. From a letter by Mr. Ralph Neville in the ACADEMY for May 26, 1883, it appears that Ptolemy's Trisanton was the Arun; this stream is in old maps called Tarant, a name identical with that of the Dorestshire river which modern maps call "the Tarrant or Trent."330 THE ACADEMY. APRIL 2, 1892. - No. 1039. any other of the peoples inhabiting the area in question. One reason why the Iceni were the first to rise was no doubt that, as Tacitus says, they were the nation best prepared to fight. But there was another reason besides. Under Plautius the Iceni had been merely allies of the Romans: the new propraetor showed that he meant to reduce them to the rank of subjects. In conclusion, let me say that some Latin scholars of the first rank see no difficulty in ascribing to Tacitus the sentence as corrected, with the meaning that I assign to it. But even if it were admitted that there is a considerable difficulty (short of absolute impossibility) on the ground of style or idiom, I submit that such an objection ought to yield to the overwhelming weight of evidence derived from extraneous sources. After all, there are many passages in Tacitus which every editor remarks upon as forced or unusual in form of expression, but which nobody (not even "Franciscus Ritter, Westfalus") has thought it neeful to obelise or emend. HENRY BRADLEY. AN APPEAL FOR ACCURACY IN REPRINTS. There are some irritating misprints in the new edition of Walter Savage Landor's Imaginary Conversations, now being published by Messrs. J. M. Dent & Co. In the conversation between Diogenes and Plato, Diogenes is made to address "the Sinopean" as "O Pluto." "It is not, O Pluto, an absurdity of thine alone, but of all who write and of all who converse on them [on punishments], to assert that they both are and ought to be inflicted publicly, for the sake of deterring from offence" (I. 85). In a note on page 186, we find "Dioges" for Diogenes Laertius. The concluding sentence of the Conversation between Tiberius and Vipsania (II. 95) is rendered: "Immortal gods! I cursed them [sic] audibly, and before the sun, my mother!" Tiberius did not curse the gods, and his mother was not the sun. What he really said was: "Immortal gods! I cursed then audibly, and before the sun, my mother!" The alteration of a letter spoils the climax of one of Landor's finest compositions. In another Dialogue, Pollio is made to address Licinius Calvus as "My dear Asinius" (II. 108); that is to say, by the name which rightly belongs to himself. In a reprint of this kind, scrupulous accuracy would be more desirable than elegant type and luxurious paper, or even than the portraits and vignettes, of which some have already appeared in the reprint of Pericles and Aspasia. Landor's Bishop Parker, in his Conversation with Andrew Marvel, says: "Gentlemen seem now to have delegated the correction of the press to their valets, and the valets to have devolved it on their chambermaids." Neither valets nor chambermaids, however, can be held responsible for the superfluity of annotation in which the editor seems to revel. In a note on page 105, vol. ii., he relates "a well-known story" about the orator Licinius Calvus. Fifteen pages later, in another note, the story is repeated with variations. A protest is the more necessary, as the publishers announce a further reprint of Landor's Miscellaneous Works and Poems. S.W. APPOINTMENTS FOR NEXT WEEK. SUNDAY, April 3, 7.30 p.m. Ethical: "Class Ethics," by Miss E. P. Hughes. MONDAY, April 4, 5 p.m. Royal Institution: General Monthly Meeting. 8 p.m. Victoria Institute: "The Argument from Design," by the Rev. Prof. Bernard. 8 p.m. Society of Arts: Cantor Lecture, "Mine Surveying," II., by Mr. Bennett H. Brough. 8 p.m. Aristotelian: "Scotus Erigena De Divisione Naturae," by Mr. Clement C. J. Webb. TUESDAY, April 5, 3 p.m. Royal Institution: "The Brain," XII., by Prof. Victor Horsley. 8p.m. Civil Engineers: "The Sewage Farms of Berlin," by Mr. H. A. Roechling. 8 p.m. Biblical Archaeology: "The Book of the Dead," continued, by Mr. P. le Page Renouf. 8 p.m. Society of Arts: "The Red and White Races in Manitoba and the North-West," by the Rev. Dr. John McLean. 8.30 p.m. Zoological: "The Land-Shells of St. Helena," by Mr. Edgar A. Smith; "The Indian Darter (Plotus melanogaster)," by Mr. F. E. Beddard; "A recently described Species of Pheasant from Central Asia," by Mr. Seebohm. WEDNESDAY, April 6, 1 p.m. Archaeological Institute: "The Stone Circles of Britain," by Mr. A. L. Lewis: "Widows and Vowesses," by Mr. J. L. Andre. 8 p.m. Geological: "Geology of the Gold-bearing Rocks of the Southern Transvaal, by Mr. Walcot Gibson; "The Precipitation and Deposition of Sea-borne Sediment," by Mr. R. G. Mackley Browne. 8 p.m. Society of Arts: "The Future Trade-Relations of Great Britain and the United States," by Mr. Robert McCormick. 8 p.m. Elizabethan: "Henry VIII.," by Mr. W. Poel; "The Dramatic and Poetical Works of Thomas Randolph," by Mr. J. E. Baker. THURSDAY, April 7. 3 p.m. Royal Institution: "Epidemic Waves," III., by Dr. B. Arthur Whitelegge. 4.30 p.m. Society of Arts: "The Agricultural Needs of India," by Dr. J. Augustus Voelcker. 8 p.m. Linnean: "The Phenomena concerned in the Production of Forked and Branched Palms," by Mr. D. Morris; "Gland-like Bodies, &.c, in the Bryozoa," by Mr. A. W. Waters. 8 p.m. Chemical: "Platinous Chloride and its Use as a Source of Chlorine," by Messrs. W. A. Shenstone and C. R. Beck; "The Action of Silicon Tetrachloride on Substituted Phenylamines," by Prof. Emerson Reynolds. 8 p.m. Electrical Engineers: Discussion, "Load Diagrams of Electric Tramways, and the Cost of Electric Traction," by Mr. A. Reckenzaun. 8.30 p.m. Antiquaries. 8.30 p.m. Historical. FRIDAY, April 8, 5 p.m. Physical Society: "Note on a Law of Colour in its Relation to Chemical Constitution," by Mr. W. Akroyd; "The Construction of a Colour Map," by Mr. W. Bailey; "A Mnemonic Table in Connexion with Electrical Units," by Mr. W. Gleed. 7.30 p.m. Civil Engineers: Students' Meeting, "Some Forms of Petroleum Engines," by Mr. R. J. Durley. 7.30 p.m. Ruskin Society: "Ruskin and Modern Social Tendencies," by Mr. C. Oscar Gridley. 8 p.m. New Shakspere: "Some of Shakspere's Female Characters," by Miss Grace Latham. 9 p.m. Royal Institution: "Electric Meters, Motors, and Money Matters," by Prof. W. E. Ayrton. SATURDAY, April 9, 3 p.m. Royal Institution: "Dramatic Music, from Shakspere to Dryden," with Musical Illustrations, III., by Prof. J. F. Bridge. 3.45 p.m. Botanic: General Fortnightly Meeting. SCIENCE. TWO BOOKS ON GEOMETRY. Notes on the Recent Geometry of the Triangle. By John Griffiths. (Simpkin, Marshall & Co.) A Treatise on the Geometry of the Circle. By William J. McClelland. (Macmillans.) WITHIN the last twenty years there has been a remarkable development of interest in the simplest of all rectilineal closed figures, the triangle, and scores upon scores of new and beautiful properties have been brought to light. These properties concern points, lines, and curves (principally circles), connected with a triangle in some definite way. The impulse to this research came from France, the geometrical nation of the modern world as Greece was of the ancient, and it has spread to other nations; so that at the present moment the books, pamphlets, and articles written on this simple figure would, were they collected together, form a pile which only a strong man could lift. Among those who have taken a prominent part in developing the new geometry are Messrs. Lemoine, Brocard, De Longchamps in France, M. Neuberg in Belgium, Messrs. Emmerich and Fuhrmann in Germany, Mr. Tucker in England, and in Ireland the late Dr. Casey. In 1867 Mr. Griffiths published a small treatise, which he modestly entitled Notes on the Geometry of the Plane Triangle, and which contains a considerable number of elegant properties deduced by means of trilinear coordinates. In the pamphlet which he has lately published, the same mode of treatment is adopted; and the object of the Notes is, in the author's words, "to prove that the principal results hitherto obtained by different mathematicians with regard to systems of circles intersecting the sides of a plane triangle are particular cases of a general theorem." It would be impossible, without entering into technicalities suitable only for a mathematical journal, to state in detail the matters discussed, but attention should be drawn to this important contribution to our knowledge of the triangle. Mr. McClelland's manual of modern geometry is intended for the more advanced students in public schools, and for candidates for mathematical honours in the universities. The subjects taken up, and the order in which they are treated, will be seen from the following statement of the contents of the various chapters: I. Introduction. II. Maximum and Minimum. III. Recent Geometry. IV. General Theory of the Mean Centre of a System of Points. V. Collinear Points and Concurrent Lines. VI. Inverse Points with respect to a Circle. VII. Poles and Polars with respect to a Circle. VIII. Coaxal Circles. IX. Theory of Similar Figures. X. Circles of Similitude and of Antisimilitude. XI. Inversion. XII. General Theory of Anharmonic Section. XIII. Involution. XIV. Double Points. While the treatise is mainly devoted to the consideration of the circle, it is not exclusively so. Here and there a few properties of the other conic sections are mentioned, and a considerable number are given in the chapter on pole and polar where the method of reciprocation is applied to the circle. In each chapter the propositions are generally followed by illustrative examples, and to many of these are appended hints for their solution. The hints vary in length from simple references to full solutions, according to the difficulty of the example. The text and the examples together contain not only all the propositions of fundamental importance which are to be found in the standard treatises, but also a large number of the most elegant theorems that have recently appeared in mathematical journals and examination papers. Such a collection, it need hardly be said, could not have been made without diligent and extended research. The exposition is very concise and clear, and in few places has more knowledge been assumed in the reader than the geometry of Euclid's first six Books, and the elements of plane trigonometry. The diagrams are white on a black ground. In the interests of brevity, it is becoming common to associate not only certain theorems, but also points, straight lines, and curves, with the names of their discoverers, and it is desirable that the names should be so far as possible those of the first discoverers. If that be so, the theorem which, on Catalan's authority, Mr. McClelland (p. 5) attributes to Euler, should be ascribed to Robert Simson. This theorem is beginning to be known on the continent as Matthew Stewart's theorem, and in fact it was first published by him in his General Theorems. But there is reason to believe that it was communicated to him by his friend Simson, and in his Loci Plani Simson expressly claims it as his own. If Simson has never got from anybody the credit of this theorem, he gets from Mr. McClelland, as, indeed, from everybody, the credit of another theorem to which, as has been pointed out in the ACADEMY, he can lay no claim whatever. The Brocard points were discovered by Captain Brocard, though they had been signalised half a century previous; but the Simson line was never known to Simson. Its discovery dates back only to the year 1799 or 1800, and is due to Prof. William Wallace, of Edinburgh. J.S. MACKAY. APRIL 2, 1892. - No. 1039. THE ACADEMY. 331 SCIENCE NOTES. THE council of the Royal Society of New South Wales has awarded to Mr. W. T. Thiselton-Dyer the Clarke Memorial Medal, in recognition of his services in the cause of botanical science, and especially on account of his labours in connexion with the development and organisation of the botanical departments for the Colonies and India, at the Royal Gardens, Kew. THE annual Easter excursion of the Geologists' Association will this year be to Devizes, Swindon, and Faringdon. The directors are Prof. Blake (the president of the Association), and Messrs. W. B. Bell. F. J. Bennett, G. J. Hinde, and H. B. Woodward. We may add that the ground covered by the excursion includes many places of antiquarian interest. DR. B. W. RICHARDSON will deliver his Friday evening discourse at the Royal Institution, on "The Physiology of Dreaming," on April 29, in place of Dr. William Huggins, who will give his lecture on "The New Star in Auriga" on May 13. PROF. GRIESBACH lately forwarded to Vienna various fossils which he had collected during his geological explorations in the Central Himalayas on behalf of the Government of India. They resemble so closely fossils found in corresponding Alpine strata, that they have excited much interest; and the Academy of Science, Vienna, has determined, with the cooperation of the Indian Government, to send an exploring party to the Central Himalayas to compare their geological features with those of the Eastern Alps. The leader of the party will be Dr. Carl Diener, lecturer on geology at the University of Vienna, and president of the Vienna Alpine Club. He will start for Brindisi on April 10, taking with him two Tyrol guides. The expedition will last six months. MESSRS. MACMILLANS have issued a sixth edition of Sir Henry Roscoe's Lessons in Elementary Chemistry. This work, which was originally published in 1866, has since been thoroughly revised on the appearance of each successive edition, so as to incorporate the more important discoveries. But, besides these stereotyped editions, it has been reprinted no less than twenty-five times, in the same number of years. And it is right to add that, though intended to suit the requirements of elementary instruction, no attempt has been made to meet the curriculum of any particular examination, such as that of the London University. MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. NEW SHAKSPERE SOCIETY. - (Friday, March 11.) DR. FURNIVALL, director, in the chair. Mrs. Stopes read a paper on "The Life and Works of William Hunnis." All previous writers had said, "of his life very little is known;" but Mrs. Stopes has been fortunate enough to find a very great deal among manuscript sources. Of his birth and parentage nothing has yet been discovered. He began life in the service of Sir William Herbert, probably as page, and apparently very early developed his literary powers. Having embraed Protestantism, he was one of the group of metrical translators of the Psalms, who delighted the ears of the young King Edward VI.; and was installed as Gentleman of the Chapel Royal, about the same time as his patron became Earl of Pembroke (1551). He apparently submitted with his fellows to the new Queen and her old religion; but the detested Spanish marriage, the religious persecutions, the manner in which both Mary and Philip ignored all the conditions of their marriage treaty, aroused plot after plot. When Mary had agreed to send troops to aid Philip against the French King, and to give him all the money in the English treasury, the last conspiracy was concocted, to send the Queen over to her husband, to rob the Treasury at Westminster, and hold the contents for the use of the English nation, and to bring over all the disaffected from the continent, by the aid of the French. The chiefs of the conspiracy were Harry Dudley, John Throckmorton Avedale, Governor of the Isle of Wight, Harry Peckham, and Daniell; and in the centre of the London group was William Hunnis. Thomas Whyte betrayed them, and they were all sent to the Tower. The trials and executions commenced very energetically, almost at once. Hunnis was tried with four others at the Guildhall, but escaped, probably through the interest of his powerful patron, the Earl of Pembroke. The poems in the "Paradise of Dainty Devices" imply that he lay in prison until the accession of Elizabeth, and till his clothes were worn out; and "comfort came with clothes of joy" and deliverance. In 1558 he was restored to his "living," and almost immediately on the death of Nicholas Brigham, married his widow Margaret, who died a few months afterwards. Next year he married again, the widow of William Blank, Haberdasher, who had been previously the wife of a Grocer, and who, therefore, induced William Hunnis to become enrolled in that Company. Elizabeth granted him a Supervisorship of Greenwich Gardens, and Mastership of the Children of the Chapel a coat of arms; the right of receiving dues for wheelage and passage on London Bridge; and the right of holding in fee the lands of some recusants. Yet he was always poor, and died without leaving any property in 1597. Mrs. Stopes then went through the bibliography of his works, showing that they were naturally divided into (1) religious poems and metrical translations of the Psalms and other parts of Scripture; (2) miscellaneous poems; and (3) plays, masques, interludes. Of the latter, which he seemed to consider his serious work (the others being only his "Recreation"), none have come down to us complete; the titles of some appear in "The Revel's Book," and the description of two in Gascoigne's account of the Kenilworth Festivities (1575). This may have arisen from the fact that the Children of the Chapel were only allowed to act unprinted plays before Elizabeth. Mrs. Stopes then showed the materials from which she built up the history - the addresses and dedications prefixed to his rare books, and the manuscripts in the Public Record Office, the Guildhall, the British Museum, the books of the Grocers and Haberdashers Companies, and the registers of St. Margaret's, Westminster, and Barking, Essex. - There was little discussion. Dr. Furnivall, in returning thanks, said that the whole story was too new to permit of the members having formed their opinion beforehand. ASIATIC. - (Tuesday, March 15.) MAJOR-GENERAL SIR F. GOLDSMID, vice-president, in the chair. - Surgeon-General H. W. Bellew read a paper on the "Survival of Greek Words in the Pukhto Language of the Afghans." The lecturer referring to his "Inquiry into the Ethnography of Afghanistan," published last year, and to the identification of certain Afghan tribes therein described as being of Greek descent, proceeded to illustrate the presence of Greek words in the Pukhto language by a number of examples in which the Pukhto word varied but very slightly from its Greek original. These examples were followed by others, in which the departure of the Pukhto word from the original Greek form was more or less considerable, but still not so great as to prevent easy recognition. Besides the Greek words in Pukhto, several instances were mentioned in illustration of grammatical forms peculiar to the Pukhto and referable only to the Greek as the source of their origin. The lecturer, after describing the way in which he came to discover these Greek elements in the Pukhto, expressed his opinion that a more thorough investigation of the subject would prove conclusively that the language spoken by the Pukht?n, Path?n, or Afghan people - more especially in the country of the Suleiman Range, which as Arrian asserts, was settled by Alexander the Great with people of his own in place of the conquered Indians in it - was no other than a degraded dialect of the Greek, formerly spoken during several centuries as the vernacular of that region by the Greek conquerors and their successors, who colonised and Hellenised the country by a wholesale transplantation of tribes such as the Syrian, Lydian, Kilikian, Bithynian, Mysian, Pamphilian, Ionian, and others from Asia Minor. This view is supported by the fact that the descendants of these several tribes are now found in Afghanistan, by the identical names of S?r?, L?d?, Gh?j?, Khilich?, Batani, M?s?zi, Farmuli, Parmuli, Yimus, Y?ni, or Y? respectively. Taking this view of the Pukhto language, the lecturer said that it threw a new light upon the past of this part of Asia, and cleared up many obscure points relating to the progress of the Parthian sovereignty and to the succession of dynasties that flourished in this part of Asia subsequent to the commencement of the Mahommedan Era. HISTORICAL. - (Thursday, March 17.) OSCAR BROWNING, Esq., vice-president, in the chair. - Prof. W. Cunningham read a paper on "The Perversion of Economic History," in the course of which he criticised the historical methods employed by Prof. Marshall and the late Prof. Thorold Rogers for the purpose of obtaining certain economic formulae or data. These methods might be generally characterised as showing insufficient research or the insufficient authority for the deductions made. - In the discussion which followed, Mr. I. S. Leadam attempted, in a long and closely-reasoned speech, to justify several of Prof. Rogers's characteristic assertions. ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE. - (Tuesday, March 22.) FRANCIS GALTON, Esq., vice-president, in the chair. - Mr. Theodore Bent read a paper on "The Finds at the Great Zimbabwe Ruins." The outer wall of the semicircular temple on the hill is decorated with a number of birds perched on long soapstone pedestals, all of which appear to be intended to represent the same bird, probably a vulture. Two of the birds, similar in character and slightly varying from the others, are represented as perched on zones or cesti, and there seems to be a similar class of symbolism connecting them all. Mr. Bent is of opinion that these birds represent the Assyrian Astarte or Venus - the female element in creation. In the centre of the temple stood an altar, into the stones of which were inserted a large number of soapstone objects, which afforded ample evidence of the existence of phallic worship in this place. Within the sacred enclosure are two solid round towers, the largest of which is thirty-four feet in height and has a girth of fifty-three feet; before them is a raised platform, presumably for sacrifice, and the wall behind them is decorated with large standing monoliths. Some of the fragments of pottery found are very good, and give evidence of a highly developed artistic skill. Close underneath the temple stood a gold smelting furnace, made of very hard cement of powdered granite, with a chimney of the same material; and the quantity of rejected quartz found hard by proved that these ruins had formed the fortress for the protection of a gold-producing people. The ruins and the things in them are not in any way connected with any known African race; the objects of art and of special cult are foreign altogether to the country, and neither the date of construction nor the race of the builders can now be determined with accuracy; but the evidence favour of this race being one of the many tribes of Arabia is very strong, and all the facts point to a remote antiquity. SOCIETY OF LITERATURE. - (Wednesday, March 23.) E. W. BRABROOK, Esq., in the chair. - Dr. R. A. Douglas-Lithgow read a paper on "Anglo-Saxon Alliteration." After a brief historical introduction, he defined, as far as possible, the terms poetry, rhythm, metre, rhyme, assonance, and finally alliteration, which he described in detail, and exemplified with some quotations from the Anglo-Saxon. He then referred to the laws of alliteration as formulated by Rask, Dr. Guest, and Mr. Conybeare, and limited the period of his inquiry as extending from A.D. 449 to A.D. 1154. Dr. Douglas-Lithgow referred to the influence of Christianity in preserving the Anglo-Saxon records, and subsequently discussed the origin of rhyme, which, in agreement with Mr. T. Wright,332 The Academy. [April 2, 1892. - No. 1039. he traced to a Latin source. having pointed out the varieties and uses of alliteration, he gave quotations from the Anglo-Saxon alliterative poems (with descriptive and historical interludes) tending from the fifth to the middle of the twelfth century, and including "The Minstrel's Song," "Beowulf the Dane," and "The Battle of F innesburgh" in the fifth century, "They Hymn of Caedmon" in the seventh, the poems of Aldhelm in the eighth, and Alfred's "Boethius" in the ninth. As belonging to the tenth century the lecturer referred to the paraphrases of Wulfstan, the "Brunanburgh War Song" and other poems in the Saxon Chronicle, and examined in detail the Codex Exoniensis and the Codex Vercellensis. Finally, he alluded to the alliterative poems of the eleventh and half of the twelfth century, and concluded by expressing a very high estimate of the relics of Saxon literature, and by showing how much we owed to them in the foundation and formation of our own language and literature. - A discussion followed, in which Mr. G. R. Wright, Dr.Phene, Mr. J. W. Bone, and the chairman took part. FINE ART. THE ART MAGAZINES. AFTER an unusually long interval, we have, received a double number of the American Journal of Archaeology, containing the quarterly parts for March and June 1891. The 232 pages are made up mainly of the archaeological news from all quarters, which forms such a valuable feature of this publication, now in its seventh year. The original papers, though short, are interesting; and they are illustrated with no less than ten plates. Two of them are papers of the American School of Athens. Dr. Charles Waldstein, the director of the School, discusses the marble bas-reliefs found at Mantineia in 1887 by M. Fougères, which are now in the National Museum at Athens. In an elaborate argument he supports the original opinion of M. Fougères, which are now in the National Museum at Athens. In an elaborate argument he supports the original opinion of M. Fougères, which has not obtained the approval of other archaeologists, that they are identical with the sculptures seen by Pausanias, and ascribed by him to the hand of Praxiteles. Prof. Mommsen edits, with a facsimilie, the Greek fragment of the famous Edict of Diocletian, which was discovered at Plataia in 1890, in the course of the American excavations. He remarks: "It is marvellous how much has been added to the old stock in the last few years; and it may well be admitted that this growth is due not so much to good fortune, as to the growing energy and intelligence of studious researches." We must also mention the reproductions of the wall-paintings in what is known as the House of the Martyrs John and Paul, lately discovered on the Coelian Hill at Rome. The figures, which at first glance appear naked, are found, on examination, to be wearing a sort of combination garment, which (with their wings) recalls the Gawrys of Peter Wilkins. The Dial, that extremely occasional and still more eccentric periodical, has struck two, thereby falsifying the prophecy of the enemy. There is no doubt that Mr. C. Ricketts is a very clever artist,and cuts his own designs well upon the block; and there is a dreamy suggestiveness about Mr. Charles Shannon's drawings which is very taking. The art, indeed, of the whole number, in so far as it is graphic, is so fresh and strange that one does not care to criticise it too minutely. But as to the letterpress, most of it is sheer nonsense; and the kindest thing to do is what somebody (it is not clear whom) did, as reported in the last line of the Dial No. 2 - "He laughed, because he knew they could not mean what they said." Nearly all the articles in the Art Journal for this month are either continuations or form part of a series. Mr. Hudson's "Outings in India" has Poona for its subject; Mr. Cundall's "Art Museums" are Nottingham and Derby, with portraits of the local benefactors, Mr. William Bemrose and the late M. T. Bass; Mr. Aymer Vallance has chosen furniture for his theme; and the Marne is the Paris "Pleasure Resort" of the month. Mr. Boyes writes of Sir Austen Henry Layard; but the most noticeable contribution is the fine ballad of the "Hunting of Rothiemuir," by Mrs. Graham Tomson, with its spiritual illustration by Mr. Arthur Lemon. The etching for the month is by Mr. C. O. Murray, after Mr. Weguelin's joyful picture of girls dancing in a meadow, called "Spring," which was exhibited at the New Gallery a year or so ago. The contents of L'Art for last week are unusually varied. Besides current notices and reviews, there are no less than five articles. Among these are an account of the late engraver Guillaumot, by Eugene Viollet-le- Duc; the conclusion of Edouard Romberg's essay on "Artistic Propriety"; the "Musée Guimet," by C. Gabillot; and "Japanese Art" at the Louvre, by Emile Molinier. The number is well illustrated, as usual; and not the least interesting of the engravings are the restorations of Marly, after Gillaumot, and a head by Delaunay. The French Pastellists. Paris: March 29, 1892. The eighth exhibition of the Society of French Pastellists, which was opened to-day at Petit's Gallery, will doubtless prove a source of consolation to those whose tastes were so deeply hurt by the vagaries of the Impressionists, Symbolists, and Pointillists at the recent exhibition of Independent Artists. Yet, though the 126 pastels now on view affortd a most exquisite ensemble of "elegant" art, it may be objected that the Pastellists, like the Aquarellists, have almost entirely abandoned the original simplicity of chalks and water- colours, in order to obtain by artificial means the illusion of highly-finished oil painting. Of this a striking example is offered by M. Thévenotś life-like portrait of M. Auguste Vacquerie, which, at a distance, might be mistaken by the uninitiated for oil painting, so cunningly has the artist produced relief effects with chalk empâtements. As a contrast, M. Jeanniotś portrait of an old lady, a study in light and dark greys, in a fine specimen of the art of portrait painting combined with simplicity of treatment. More showy, more modern, are MM. Doucet, La Touche, and Machard's portraits of fashionable beauties, while M. Blanche's "Mme. Maurice Barrès," and "Miss C.," by M. James Tissot, are particularly attractive. M. Besnard's eight exhibits - a group of children, a fanciful arrangement of two girls' heads, with delicate flower surroundings, two portaits, and "studies: - are exquisite, and thoroughly characteristic of the individuality of this delicate colourist. M. Jean Béraud, the spiritual delineator of the modern Parisienne, contributes a pretty genre picture, "Mélancolie"- on the topmost balcony of a house in the "quartier de l'Hippodrome" (adds the catalogue) stands the figure of an elegantly dressed lady who, like her surroundings, is half veiled in the darkening twilight. She is lost in thought, and gazes listlessly at the glass-covered dome of the Hippodrome immediately opposite, all ablaze with electric light, which offers a strange contrast to the surrounding gloom. M. Billotte's views of the suburbs of Paris under wintry aspects produce an effect of bleak cheerlessness in keeping with the subject; and it is a relief to turn to M. Montenard's series of "Environs of Toulon," radiant with sunlight, or to M. Lhermitte's landscapes, marvels of talent in their way. This year M. Duez contributes a series of delightful views of Venice and a study for a portrait of Monseigneur Foulon, which reminds one of certain of Latour's "preparations." The portrait of a lady in a pale green ball-dress, standing in a graceful attitude in her drawing- room, surrounded by flowers, while strange effects of yellow and pink are produced by the coloured shades of the lamps, is the work of M. Eliot. A new comer, M. Helleu, who belongs tot he "harmonist" school, contributes a panel representing a bunch of delicately toned blue hortensias, a nude figure looking at a peacock, and an exquisitely modelled portrait of a girl dressed all in white. Equally harmonious is M. Dubuffe's "Mélodie en bleu." M. Forain, the fin de siècle Gavarni, contributes some very clever sketches, "Behind the Scenes," and the portrait of Mme. Caron, of the Paris opera, all in black, which is a fine bit of realistic "impressionism." At the last moment there have been added to the exhibition two symphonies in pink and blue, entitled "Odalisques Couchées," by Mr. Whistler, who is the foreign guest of the Society this year, as Signor Bolini was last year. Cecil Nicholson. Letter from Egypt. Dahabiyeah istar, Luxor: March 9, 1892. I have been finding evidences of the little- known Xth Dynasty - for whose traces Mr. Naville sought in vain at Herakleopolis - in the immediate neighbourhood of the First Cataract. Mr. Griffith and Prof. Maspero have shown that certain of the tomgs at Siût belonged to the period when this dynasty ruled in Egypt. I have now discovered inscriptions which show that its rule was recognised on the frontiers of Nubia. An examination of the position occupied by the numerous inscriptions on the granite rocks of the island of Sehèl have made it clear to me that we must recognise two periods in the history of the sanctuary for which the island was famous. During the second period the temple stood on the eastern slope of an eminence where I found remains of its two years ago. As I also found fragments of it bearing the name of Thothmes III. On the one hand, and of Ptolemy Philopator on the other, it must have existed from the age of the XVIIth and XIIIth Dynasties. But the majority of the inscriptions which belong to the latter age, like the inscriptions which are proved by the occurrence of the names of Antef and Mentu-hotep to be of the time of the XIth Dynasty, face a different way. They look southward towards the channel which separates the island on this side from the mainland, and is immediately below the first "bâb" or rapid of the Cataract. This winter I have come across a large number of inscriptions on the mainland side of the channel which look northward, that is, towards the island. A few of these inscriptions are of the time of the XIIth Dynasty, but the greater number belong to the XIth Dynasty, and one is dated in the forty-first year of Ra-neb-kher. It would seem, therefore, that at the epoch when they were inscribed on the rocks of the sanctuary of Sehél stood either in the middle of the southern channel of the river or upon its edge. April 2, 1892. - No. 1039.] The Academy. 333 On the island side of the channel there are a good many inscriptions which are shown by the weathering of the hieroglyphs to be older than the age of the XIth Dynasty. Indeed, the inscription of an Antef is cut over one of them. They all present the same curious forms of hieroglyphic characters, and contain for the most part titles and formulae not met with in the later texts. Moreover, they are not dedicated like the later texts to the divine Trinity of the Cataract, Khnum, Anuke, and Sati, but to a deity whose name is expressed by a character resembling and Akhem seated on a basket. Mr. Wilbour and I first noticed it last year. One of these early inscriptions contains a cartouche which reads Ra-nefer-hepu, the last element being represented by the picture of a rudder. Now. Mr. Newberry and his companions at Beni-Hassan have discovered that one of the groups of tombs occurs the name of a lady who was called Nefer-hepu. She must have been born in the reign of Ra-nefer-hepu, and will consequently belong, not to the age of the XIth Dynasty, but to that of one of the dynasties which preceded it. That this dynasty was the Xth is made pretty clear by the inscriptions on the mainland side found inscriptions of the early sort mingled with those of the XIth Dynasty in such a way as to show that they cannot have been widely separated in age. Moreover, in one of them, the name of Khati is associated with that of Ra-mer-ab; and Khati is nos not only a name which characterises the XIth Dynasty, but it was also the name of the owner of one of the tombs at Siût, which Mr. Griffiths has proved to belong to the time of the XIth Dunasty. We were already acquainted with the name of Ra-mer-ab from a scarab; and two years ago Mr. Bouriant obtained a bronze vase which gave the double name of Ra-mer-ab Kherti. Kherti is a king of the Xth Dynasty. By the side of the inscription which contains the name of Ra-mer-ab, I found others with the names of Ra-mer-ankh and Ameni. That Ameni was a king of the Zth Dynasty has already been suspected. The inscriptions I have copied this winter, therefore, have not only given us the names of some king of the Xth Dynasty, one of them previously unkown; they have also shown that the power of the dynasty was acknowledged as far south as the Cataract. Moreover, they indicate that the government must have passed from the Xth to the XIth Dynasty in a peaceful and regular manner. The same names belong to each: Khatî, for example, distinguishing alike the two dynasties. At Assuan some new tombs have been opened, one by the Crown Princes of Sweden and Norway, the other by Mr. James. One of them belongs to the reign of Nofer-ka-Ra; and, an inscription found in it, Prof. Schiaparelli has read the name of the land of Pun. It is said that a Denga dancer had been brought to Egypt from Pun in the reign of Assa. Pun, accordingly, was already known to the Egyptians in the age of the Vth Dynasty. At Kom el-Ahmar, opposite El-Qab, I visited two recently-discovered tombs, which contain the cartouches of Pepi, and are in a fairly perfect condition. The walls are covered with delicate paintings in the style of those of Beni-Hassan, and explanatory inscriptions are attached to them. The early date of the paintings and inscriptions make them particularly interesting. The tombs are still half buried in the sand, and only the upper part of the internal decoration is visible. It would be well worth the expense to clear out the tombs, and make careful copies of all that they contain. Here and there hieratic texts have been written on blank spaces of the wall. The tombs have been excavated in the rock, side by side, in the ancient necropolis of Hierakonpolis, a little to the west of the old fort. I may add that a good deal may still be made out of the inscriptions in the XVIIIth Dynasty tombs in the cliffs beyond the Kom, one of which - a stelê of the reign of Thothmes I. - I have published in the Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology (vol.x). On the occasion of my present visit, I found the cartouches of Thothmes III. in the most southern of this group of tombs, as well as an invocation of Aten- Ra, the solar disk. I have discovered several new Greek inscriptions between Assuan and Edfu; also one Karian and two Phoenician graffiti. In one of the latter the writer calls himself Khnumnthan, where the name of the Egyptian divinity, Khnum, takes the place of a Phoenician deity. One of the Greek inscriptions is worth quoting, as it gives us the true spelling and pronunciation of the name of the so-called "Troglodytes." It is carved on a rock below a group of small tombs about a mile to the north of the Shutt er-Rigâleh, and reads thus: ΑΝΤΩΝΙ (sic) TPOΓOΔΥTHΣ LΔ AΔPAINOΥ (sic) Anthonly the Trogodyte; the fourth year of Hadrian." The list of places conquered by Ramses III. in Palestine and Syria, which I copied on the pylon of Medînet Habû, turns out to be even more interesting than I had supposed, as a whole row of them belongs to the territory of Judah. Thus we have "the land of Salem," which, like the Salam of Ramses II. is shown by the Tel el-Amarna tablets to be Jerusalem, arez hadast or "New Lands," the Hadashah of Joshua (xv. 37), Shimshana or Samson, "the city of the Sun" (Josh. xv. 10), Carmel of Judah, Migdol (Josh. xv. 37), Apaka or Aphekah (Josh. xv. 53), "the Springs of Khibur" or Hebron, Shabudna located near Gath by Thothmes III., and Beth-Anath the Beth-Anoth of Joshua (xv. 59) The discovery of these names in the records of an Egyptian king who reigned about B..C 1200 raises a question of some interest for students of the Old Testament. A. H. Sayce. Notes on Art and Archaeology. Mr. Walter Armstrong has been elected director of the National Gallery of Ireland, in succession to the late Henry Doyle. Mr. Armstrong, who must not be mistaken for his namesake at the South Kensington Museum, is not only the most industrious of art critics, but also a student of art both new and old - as is shown by his editorship of the revised issue of Bryan's Dictionary of Painters, and by his translation of some volumes of MM. Perrot and Chipiez's monumental work. The exhibitions to open next week are four in number: (1) a collection of pictures in oil by early English masters, at the Dowdeswell Galleries, in New Bond-street; (2) a series of drawings in water-colour, done in Italy and Sicily, by Mr. Charles J. Watson, at the Rembrandt Head Gallery, in Vigo-streeet; (3) oil- pictures, drawings, plans, and etchings of Stonehenge, by Mr. Edgar Barclay, at the Ninteenth Century Art Society's Gallery, in Conduit-street; and (4) a collection of paintings of the French school, at the Continental Gallery, in New Gond-street. We may also mention that the Rev. S. A. Barnett's twelfth, annual exhibition of pictures at St. Jude's Schools, Whitechapel, will be opened by the Archbishop of Canterbury on Tuesday next, April 5. Among the pictures lent is an Annunciation by Mr. Burne Jones, which has, we believe, never been shown before. The first election of Associates under the new charter of the Royal Scottish Academy was held on Wednesday last. Out of seventy candidates, twelve were elected, of whom six are painters, four are architects, and two are sculptors. Mr. F. C. Penrose has gone to Greece to carry on his investigation of the dates of Greek temples as derived from their orientation. He hopes to determine the orientation of many foundations not included in the list given his recent paper on the subject in Nature. He will also verify, so far as possible, the approximate results at which he has already arrived. The sale of the late Mr. John Hamilton Trist's pictures, to take place at Christie's on April 9, will not be without a special interest of its own. This small collection was formed mainly between 1860 and 1870, and bears strong traces of the influence of pre-Raphealites and Mr. Ruskin. It is specially rich in the works of Mr. Arthur Hughes, including the beautiful little "King's Orchard" of 1859, so strongly praised in Mr. Orchard" of 1859, so strongly praised in Mr. Ruskin's Academy Notes, the interior of a village church of 1864 exhibited with the motto, "Then by a sunbeam I will climb to Thee," and fifteen other examples of the artist. It also contains a few interesting pictures by Rossetti, Burne Jones, Albert Moore, Legroes, Raven, M. Anthony, and J.M. Carrick (an admirable landscape painter, now almost forgotten), as well as two works by G. Mason - the charming figure of "The Milk- maid," well known by the engraving, and a fine sketch of "Threshing in the Campagna." A catalogue which has just reached us contains an item of exceptional interest. We do not think that any English collection can boast of such a magnificent assemblage of Hogwarth's works as Mr. Quaritch now offers for sale. It comprises several collections originally distinct, which were gradually absorbed during the course of thirty or forty years by the devout zeal of Dr. Joly, of Dublin. Thus Lord Charlemont's unrivalled set of the original prints furnished by Hogarth himself is here, as well as the Kingsbury set also made at that time; while the smaller ephemeral sketches which the artist never ranked as part of his oeuvre have been brought together with infinite pains from dozens of different sources. Besides the prints, in their varied states, there are no less than one hundred and twenty-six drawings in pen and ink, or sepia, or chalk, signed and unsigned. These are the combined Charlemont and Lort collections - both renowned before 1780 - and also include the fruit of minor gatherings such as the Brocas, the J. B. Nichols, the Bicknell, and others. The demand for a new edition of Mr. Wedmore's excellent Descriptive Catalogue of the etchings of Méryon is one of many indications that the appreciation by collectors of this artist's work is no mere passing fancy of the public, but is founded upon the high and indeed unique quality of his productions. Mr. Wedmore has taken advantage of the opportunity for revision afforded by this second edition, published by Desprez & Gutekunst. The brilliant introductory essay, in which he deals so vividly with the strange sad life of Méryon, and indicates with such admirable discernment the technical and imaginative qualities of his art, remains chuh as it appeared years ago in the Nineteenth Century. But the "Notes for the Amateur"have been slightly expanded, account has been taken of such recent sales as those of M. Wasset, Rev. M. Heywood, and Mr. Seymour Haden; while in the body of the Catalogue itself we observe334 THE ACADEMY. APRIL 2, 1892. - No. 1039. several carefully minute corrections and additions, and a record of some of the prices recently realised under the hammer by fine impressions will be welcome to the collector. It should have been noted that there is a state of No. 84, "Passerelle du Pont au change apres L'Incenderie de 1621," which bears the imprint of the Gazette des Beaux-Arts; and that Braquemont's portrait of Meryon, referred to at page 77, also appeared in that journal. THE STAGE. THE THEATRES. THE theatrical dulness of the Lenten season might have been broken by the performance of Mr. Calmour's "Breadwinner" at the Avenue, as it has certainly been broken by that of "Jane," albeit only a revival at the Comedy. But the "Breadwinner," we greatly fear, cannot be counted among Mr. Calmour's successes; indeed, up to the present time, if it is not unkind to say so, its chief justification is that it has afforded material for a couple of exceedingly amusing articles in the Standard and St. James's Gazette. One of these essays in criticism lays almost cruel stress upon the habits of the distinguished gentleman who keeps his 1880 champagne - an excellent vintage, necessarily tepid - in a cupboard in the drawing-room; and the other entertainingly assumes that Mr. Calmour's piece is more or less of a burlesque upon "Hedda Gabler" and other such pieces by a meritorious foreign writer who now no longer occupies much attention. We fancy, however, that Mr. Calmour, like Mr. Whistler, enjoys to be taken seriously, and we are ourselves disposed to give him credit in the "Breadwinner" for excellent intentions insufficiently fulfilled. Indeed, in the "Breadwinner," Mr. Calmour does treat modern conditions of life, and approaches very nearly to the discussion - we will not say to the solution - of a problem. Alas! his means appear to us to be at present inadequate. His people - his more or less virtuous people - are very uninteresting, and it is not enough to say that they are natural. To interest us greatly in the proceedings of the blameless - and Mr. Calmour's heroine, played so charmingly and so discreetly by Miss Alma Murray, is blameless practically - is, as Balzac has put upon record with much emphasis, a very difficult matter. But, unfortunately, what is known as modern "Realism" - which, to some extent, in the present play, Mr. Calmour affects - modern Realism, we say, goes in for making even its most faulty people nearly as uninteresting as if they were well conducted; and dramatis personae, who are incapable of a single healthy emotion, and who would not for the whole world cherish a sense of right and wrong, have yet an immense capacity for the very dullest of small talk. In the good old days, there was at least something fascinating about anyone who was considered worthy to be the villain of the piece. This has altogether vanished; and in Mr. Calmour's piece the vulgar and atrocious and by no means seductive woman impersonated cleverly enough by Miss Olga Brandon - so far as the opportunities allow - is so presented to us by the writer that he has evidently no appreciation of the high claim upon our interest which, in a well constructed play - especially if it pretends to be "literary" - the wholly improper enjoys. The chief man's character - played, with extreme nervous force, by Mr. Lewis Waller - is in reality weak and colourless. The violence of his oaths, when he is in any measure disturbed, does not, in our opinion, atone for the feebleness of his action. Mr. Elwood, as a would-be lover of the virtuous lady, finds little opportunity for his art. Mr. Everill plays skilfully as an excellent physician, who has too much tact to consent to be altogether a martyr to the circumstance of his happenings to have been married to an offensive Woman's Rights female, whose acridity is of the worst type, and who adds to modern Radicalism a new horror. Had this piece been cast badly, it would not, on the first night, have been listened to with the measure of patience which was accorded to it. It has certain good qualities which, like those happier pieces of Mr. Calmour's that have preceded it, make us expect hereafter better work from the writer. But a prolonged run for it is hardly conceivable; and what run it does obtain will be due less to Mr. Calmour's meritorious intention to put aside the conventional than to the careful art and excellent gifts which Miss Alma Murray, Miss Olga Brandon, Mr. Lewis Waller, and Mr. Everill bring to bear upon their performance of the most prominent characters. With no scenery whatever - simply with a convenient arrangement of screens for exits and entrances - with scarcely anything that can be called costume beyond the costume of ordinary life - with just that "plentiful lack" of music which strikes one at the Theatre Francais, and with a cast which included very few names, and not a single star - did Mr. Poel and the company he has got together in connexion with the large Shakspere Reading Society succeed in amusing, and often indeed in charming us, by the performance of "The Two Gentlemen of Verona," at St. James's Hall, on Thursday in last week. More, perhaps, in the hearing and the seeing, than even in the reading of the play, is one reminded of the immaturity of Shakspere's art - the immaturity, one may say also, of his vision of life - which this play discloses. Yet Shakspere, even in his youth, was already Shakspere: Shakspere by his charm and by the richness of his fancy - the spontaneous and abundant - nay, even the superabundant flow of thought and of word: Shakspere, too, by the creation of such a character as Launce, who, as Dr. Furnivall has well put it, is "more truly original than Bottom - I don't believe a Londoner could have made him." Apart altogether from details of the performance, two or three main points in Mr. Poel's exceedingly intelligent and scholarly production of the play ought to be mentioned. First, the whole thing was done in a few minutes over two hours - reality thus being given for almost the first time since Shakspere's day, probably, to Shakspere's phrase, "the two hours' traffic of our stage," and this at no loss of effect, but rather with a gain: overlaid by no accumulation of traditional or freshly invented action, the utterness gained spontaneity. Secondly, the performance, which, in a purely commonplace view, may seem to have lost naturalness by the substitution of young women for men as the two youthful lovers, Valentine and Protheus, did as a matter of fact actually gain by such substitution; for the extreme lightness of touch which is at the command of young actresses of refinement, and which men can scarcely compass, and which boys would scarcely understand, is of high value - indeed it is almost a necessity - in the interpretation of characters belonging to a world essentually unreal, the world of a lightly imaginative dream. These parts were indeed admirably filled by Miss Snow and Miss E. R. Dresser. Miss Snow's is at present the finer voice; but Miss Dresser, whose tones are agreeable though little varied, carried no corresponding monotony into gesture and facial expression. Here indeed this most youthful lady, profiting no doubt by her teaching, was of effective and even unusual flexibility and sensitiveness, alike earnest and graceful. The stage is her vocation, even in a day when many are called, but few chosen. Among the chosen she deserves to be one. Miss Montgomery sang quite excellently the song, "Who is Sylvia?" Mr. Blagrove, in whom on the rare occasions on which we see him we note great progress, was most sufficient as the Duke of Milan; and Mr. Goring and Mr. Leonard Howard - the two comedians of the company, if company we may call it- lent themselves with great adroitness and quickness of perception to the portrayal of the humours of Launce and Speed. The elocution of all, though intentionally rapid, was good and clear. Such a performance of a Shaksperian play that is practically never presented at an ordinary theatre ought of course to be promptly repeated. FREDERICK WEDMORE. MUSIC. RECENT CONCERTS. M. SAPELLINKOFF obtained a brilliant success at the second Philharmonic Society concert last Thursday week. Liszt's pianoforte Concerto in E flat is a showy composition, and the Russian pianist has not only conquered its technical difficulties, but caught much of the composer's spirit. The Concerto is a typical work; it is not void of poetry, but tinsel is the prevailing feature. M. Sapellinkoff makes the most of the latter, but at the same time reveals whatever it may contain of the former. He has now reaped the reward of the virtuoso - enthusiastic applause, recalls, &c. - and it is to be hoped that he will give us a specimen of his powers as an interpreter of the great masters: Liszt dazzles but does not satisfy. The programme included Mr. Frederic Cliffe's clever Orchestral Picture, "Cloud and Sunshine," and Beethoven's Symphony No. 7. Mr. Ernest de Munch gave an artistic rendering of Schumann's difficult, but not highly interesting, 'cello Concerto. M. Eugene Oudin sang in an impressive manner an effective Scena, "Der Einsame," by Greig; the music is sombre and the orchestration skilful. The vocalist was recalled. APRIL 2, 1892.-No. 1039. THE ACADEMY. 335 The new Quintet in B minor (Op. 115) for clarinet and stringed quartet by Brahms was the principal feature of the last Monday Popular Concert. All of the composer's recent utterances have been remarkable for their clearness and conciseness, and the same excellent qualities are to be found in this new work. The various movements, so far as their outward form is concerned, may be easily followed even at a first hearing, but only time and study will fully reveal their inner meaning. In the opening Allegro, and still more in the Adagio, Brahms seems plunged in a deep and, for the most part, sad reverie. In the Allegro the composer sets forth his subject-matter within the short space of 70 bars; the development section is, however, of greater length, and in it the plaintive themes are combined with rare skill. This skill gives weight to the music, but as a means it never conceals the true end - the expression of feeling. The Adagio is a movement which tells of unsatisfied longings, disappointed hopes. The mysterious middle section, piu lento, with its Hungarian cadenza-like passages for the wind instrument and mutterings for the strings, forms a striking contrast to the said wail of the opening and closing sections. The Andantino, with its lively Presto section, is clever, though, as music, less original than what has preceded; and if one may venture a criticism, the keys of D major and its relative minor for for the Presto strike the ear with a certain sense of monotony after the Allegro in B minor with transition, of course, to D, and the Adagio in B major and minor. And then comes the Finale, a theme with variations, all of which, with one exception, are also in the key of B minor. The variations are interesting, but after Beethoven and Schubert how difficult to say anything new in this form! With regard to the gloomy key of the Quintet, it may be noticed that it is one to which Brahms is partial; but that is natural, for it is the one in which his idol Schubert presented some of his most wonderful creations. The performance of the work, by MM. Joachim, Ries, Muhlfeld, Straus, and Piatti was magnificent, and at the close there was prolonged applause. Herr Muhlfeld, the clarinetist, who came expressly from Germany, is an excellent artist. Mme. Gherlsen sang songs by Mozart and Brahms with mediocre success. Miss Agnes Zimmermann gave an artistic rendering of Schumann's Sonata in G minor. J. S. SHEDLOCK. MUSIC NOTES. THE students of the operatic class of the Royal Academy of Music gave the first of a series fo four performances (in costume) on Wednesday evening at Tenterden-square. The programme included selections from second and fourth acts of "Trovatore," and the second act of "Martha." But the principal and the most successful feature of the evening was the rendering of the second act of "Le Nozze di Figaro," which was given in a highly creditable manner, under the direction of Mr. G. H. Betjemann. A special word of praise is due to Miss E. Mackenzie (Susanna) and Mr. A. Barlow (Count Almaviva). THE friends of the late Arthur Goring Thomas are trying to arrange one or more performances of "Nadeshda" at a leading theatre in May. The proceeds are to be devoted to a scholarship bearing his name at the Royal Academy of Music, where he was for some time a student. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION. - FORTHCOMING EXAMINATION, JUNIOR ASSISTANT, in the South Kensington Museum, Art Branch (17-20), 23RD APRIL. 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"A very useful and opportune publication, by a very competent writer."—Times, March 24. Just published, demy 8vo, cloth, price 14s. THE LAW and CUSTOM of the CONSTITUTION. PART II. THE CROWN. By Sir WILLIAM R. ANSON, Bart., D.C.L., of the Inner Temple, Barrister-at-Law, Warden of All Souls' College, Oxford. A New Edition of Part I., PARLIAMENT, is in the Press, for early publication. "A valuable and comprehensive work."—Times, March 24. Extra fcap. 8vo, with Frontispiece, 4s. 6d. LESSING'S LAOKOON. Edited, with English Notes, by A. HAMANN, Phil. Doc., M.A. A New Edition, Revised, with an Introduction, by L. E. UPCOTT, M.A., F.S.A., Assistant Master at Marlborough College. OLD ENGLISH DRAMA—SELECT PLAYS. Third Edition, Revised and Enlarged, crown 8vo, cloth, 6s. 6d. MARLOWE.—TRAGICAL HISTORY of DR. FAUSTUS; and GREENE.—HONOURABLE HISTORY of FRIAR BACON and FRIAR BUNGAY. Edited by ADOLPHUS WILLIAM WARD, Litt.D., Principal of the Owens College, Manchester, Honorary Fellow of Peterhouse. Crown 8vo, cloth, price 4s. 6d. PLUTARCH'S LIVES of the GRACCHI. Edited, with Introduction, Notes, and Indices. By G. E. UNDERHILL, M.A., Fellow and Senior Tutor of Magdalen College, Oxford. "Complete at all points for purposes of general study."—Scotsman, March 21. Full Catalogue of Clarendon Press Publications post free. LONDON: HENRY FROWDE, CLARENDON PRESS WAREHOUSE, AMEN CORNER, E.C. Printed by ALEXANDER & SHEPHEARD, Lonsdale Printing Works, Chancery Lane; Published by HENRY VILLERS, 27, Chancery Lane, W.C.April 7, 1892] The Nation. 261 ble. Their platform, adopted on the 25th of June, 1890, contained this plank: "We are in favor of such an expansion of the currency as will meet the growing demands of the increase in population and trade, and offset the contraction resulting from the continual withdrawal of the national-bank circulation. That to this end we favor such legislation as will utilize as money the entire silver product of our mines, and we favor such laws as will aid in the ultimate unrestricted use of both of the precious metals as money." It was upon such resolutions that the Republicans of Indiana and Iowa ran their candidates for Congress in 1890, and such of them as were elected may be held to have pledged themselves to carry out these resolutions by their votes. That is to say, according to the Gate City's theory, when a bill looking toward free coinage comes before Congress in 1892, Republican representatives from Indiana and Iowa are bound to vote for it, because in 1890 their constituents commended the Silver Bill, then just passed, as "a long step towards free coinage," and instructed them to "favor such laws as will aid in the ultimate unrestricted use of silver as money." According to this theory, all that the Representative in Congress has to do when any question comes up is to try and find out what his constituents thought (or thought they thought) about it two or three years before, and then vote accordingly. This does not seem to us a rational conception either of "the popular will" or of the Representative's obligations to his constituents. It requires any fleeting craze which gets possession of a convention to be regarded as the deliberate and final verdict of the people--which is a gross injustice to the people. The party managers who constructed the Indiana and Iowa Republican platforms of 1890 thought that the nation was bent upon the ultimate free coinage of silver, and that the popular thing to do would be to fall in with this supposed popular demand. They were badly mistaken. There was far less sentiment in favor of free coinage then than they thought, and there is far less now than there was then. The Republicans of Indiana and Iowa in 1892 are obviously and overwhelmingly against any further step towards free coinage, and the Congressman from either of those States who had voted last week according to the platform of 1890, would have misrepresented his party. Of course nobody at this distance can judge correctly whether there has been any material change in the attitude of Iowa Republicans towards prohibition since last summer, when the State Convention declared in favor of it, but it certainly looks as though there had been. Many Republican newspapers which formerly supported the policy have come out in favor of dropping it. Three Republican Senators voted for the Local-Option Law when it was before that body, and, as we understand it, they claim that they find their action endorsed by a large proportion of the part in their respective districts. If there was enough Republican Representatives to pass the bill in the House who believed that constituents now favor it, they ought to have made it a law, according to the narrow theory of simply representing the opinions of their constituents at the time that they were called upon to vote. But the truth is, that no right-minded man will accept the commission of Representative or Senator if he is only to record the popular will. His first duty is to do what he believes to be the best for the interests of the State. If a member of the Iowa Legislature thinks in March, 1892, that, in view of the conditions now existing, the passage of a local-option law would promote the cause of good morals, he ought to vote for it. The man who wins the enduring respect of his constituents is the man who votes against their prejudices, or even their convictions, if he thinks he ought so to vote. The greatest name in the history of Iowa is that of James W. Grimes, and the reason is because--at a crisis in the history of the Republic--he, a Republican Senator, had the courage to vote, at the dictate of his conscience, against the impeachment of Andrew Johnson, when 99 out of every 100 Republicans in Iowa demanded that he should vote for it. MORE LIGHT ON THE BRAZILIAN TREATY. Whatever may be the truth in regard to some of the assertions of the London Times's Buenos Ayres correspondent, in his despatch of Thursday last, cabled anew to this country, there can be no doubt that he was strictly correct in saying that, according to the declarations of the Brazilians themselves, the reciprocity treaty with them was "obtained under promises which have not been fulfilled." We have several times produced evidence going to show that this was the fact, but it has met with the usual overpowering rejoinder that no newspaper which did not worship at the shrine of protection could tell the truth, and that any charges made against Mr. Blaine must be inspired by "British gold," and therefore false, no matter how strong the proof might appear to be. It was also said that no responsible person appeared in Brazil to further the charges, and that anonymous and journalistic assertions were beneath notice. This whole defence has been swept away by a long communication from Ryu Barbosa published in the Rio de Janeiro Combate of February 24. He, it will be remembered, was Minister of Finance and virtual Premier in the Cabinet of the Provisional Government, and was the one man in Brazil mainly responsible for the negotiation of the treaty. With him were associated in that matter Senhor Cesario Alvim, Minister of the Interior, and Senahor Wandenkolk, Minister of Marine. They lend their names and authority to the account of the negotiation which Senhor Barbosa makes public, so that the story now stands upon their united testimony and personal responsibility. The ex-Minister begins by asserting that the Provisional Government advocated the projected treaty with the dominating idea that it would give Brazilian sugar special advantages in the United States. He quotes a letter addressed to him by the Brazilian Minister in Washington, in which the latter said: "The general exemption of sugar from customs duties will not avail us, as that will be a very slight advantage. What we need is an exclusive favor shown our product." It was this "exclusive favor," says Barbosa, which the Brazilian Government sought to obtain, and which it supposed did obtain, from the Government of the United States. He proceeds to give various proofs, documentary and otherwise, in support of his position. His first citation is from an official letter written by the Brazilian Minister at Washington, under date of April 22, 1890, in which the diplomat, Mr. Mendonça to proceed with the affair. Ample proof of this is furnished by Barbosa in his quotations from another letter of Mendonça's and his telegraphic reply thereto. The letter was dated September 17, 1890, and said: "We ought to lose no time in being the first to take possession fo a field in which we shall have a practical monopoly, for as long as the United States do not make similar treaties, as they will not, with Spain and England, no other country can compete with us here." This letter reached Rio de Janeiro on October 20, and Barbosa immediately telegraphed in reply: "You may continue the negotiations according to the terms of your letter, just received." Later on, Mendonça was in Brazil, and in all his conferences with Barbosa, and with the entire Cabinet, he "emphatically declared that the agreement would not depart from that essential condition." Corroboration of all this is supplied in a letter written to Baron Lucena, the last Premier of Fonseca's Administration, by ex-Minister of the Interior Alvim. He was giving an account of the whole negotiation, and wrote as follows: "When our representative in the great American Republic, Salvador de Mendonça, came to this capital for the purpose of pressing the negotiations to a close, he gave me, and he gave all my colleagues in the Cabinet, in the conferences which we had, the most perfect assurances that, in the treaty which was to be made, it would be determined by a special clause, or by a promise of the American Government, that no similar agreement should be made with any monarchial Power of Europe. This makes clear the reason for our haste in the matter, as the American Government had previously consented to the agreement, according to the information given us by our diplomatic agent, who assured us that he had been very careful about this particular, and had encountered a most favorable disposition on the part of the262 The Nation. [Vol. 54, No. 1397 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- illustrious statesman, Mr. Blaine, who had motives of high policy easy to understand." Moreover, on December 17, 1890, Minister Mendonça, before leaving Brazil for Washington, wrote to Barbosa that if the Democrats returned to power they would alter the tariff, but would scarcely extend to other countries "the advantages, as concerns sugar, which we alone are to enjoy to the exclusion of European colonies in America." The same gentleman, when again in Brazil in 1891, after the treaty had been ratified, and when there was much public dissatisfaction with it, wrote to Barbosa asking for a conference, and saying : "I believe that in the interview which I request I can prove to you the advantage we have won, and clearly vindicate my position in affirming to you that I had a promise from Mr. Blaine that no treaty should be made with Spain." All this evidence puts beyond possibility of doubt the fact that Minister Mendonça did assure his Government that the United States would not, in case Brazil accepted the treaty, make a similar agreement with Spain or any European monarchy. " The question comes back, then," says the Jornal do Commercio in commenting upon Barbosa's letter, "to whether Mr. Blaine ever did make it to Salvador de Mendonça the promises which he so repeatedly and emphatically said were made him. For our part, we are obliged to believe that our Minister told the truth, all the more so in view of the fact that two successive Governments have kept him at Washington." Now, we know this is a painful subject to the Tribune, and that it "closed the controversy" some months ago, after it had failed to obtain a denial from either Mr. Blaine or Mr. Mendonça. We also know how difficult is its position in an affair where Mr. Blaine is concerned, and how it has to suppress all news reflecting upon him, as it did the London Times despatch referred to above. Neither do we forget the muzzle it wears in virtue of being a member of the Administration - a muzzle which Commissioner Raum unfeeling exhibited to a scoffing world the other day in Washington. It will remember that it sneered at our former evidence as being "private" and "confidential" ; what has it to say about publications made in the journals of Brazil, over the names of ex-Ministers, seriously impugning the good faith and honor of our Government ? ================================= WALT WHITMAN. WALT, or Walter, Whitman was born in West Hills, Long Island, on the 31st of May, 1819, and was educated in the public schools of Brooklyn and New York city. He afterwards learned printing, and worked at the trade in summer, teaching in winter. Later on he acquired a good deal of skill as a carpenter. For brief periods of his career he edited newspapers in New Orleans and on Long Island, and in 1847-48 he made long pedestrian tours through the United States, generally following the courses of the great Western rivers. He also made pedestrian explorations in Canada. His 'Leaves of Grass' was first published in 1855. During the war his brother was wounded on the battlefield, and he hastened to visit him in camp, becoming a volunteer army nurse, in which capacity he served for three years in Washington and in Virginia. His experiences are recorded in 'Drum-Taps' and other poems. Want of rest and nervous stain brought on a severe illness in 1864, from the effects of which he never fully recovered. In 1870 he published his 'Democratic Vistas.' From 1865 to 1874 he held a Government clerkship in Washington. In the latter year he was stricken by paralysis and retired to Camden, where he was gradually recovering when the sudden death of his mother in his presence caused a relapse, and he had remained in a crippled condition ever since, although until lately in generally fair health. His intellectual powers remained unaffected. In his prime Mr. Whitman had a magnificent physique, and to the last his presence was imposing, his white hair giving him a most venerable appearance in his later years. At times he felt the pinch of poverty, but his wants were few and simple, and he had friends who were always ready to contribute to the relief of his necessities. Among his published works may be mentioned 'Leaves of Grass,' 'Passage to India,' 'After All, Not to Create Only,' 'Two Rivulets,' 'Specimen Days and Collect,' 'November Boughs,' and 'Sands at Seventy.' It has been the curious experience of Walt Whitman to find his inspiration almost wholly in his own country, and his admirers almost wholly in another. The rhythmic apostle of democracy, he has had, in the words of one of his stanch admirers, "absolutely no popular following" at home ; and the gradual increase of his circle of special readers, even here, has been largely due to the class he least approves -- those who desire to be English even in their fads. The same thing was true, years ago, of "Joaquin" Miller ; but while he has gradually faded from view, the robuster personality of Whitman has held its own, aided greatly by his superb physique, by the persistent and somewhat exaggerated panegyrics on his services as an army nurse, and by that rise in pecuniary value which awaits all books classed by the book-venders as "facetiæ" or "curiosa." All this constitutes a combination quite unique. To many the mere fact of foreign admiration is a sufficient proof of the greatness of an American ; they have never outgrown that pithy proverb, the result of the ripe experience of a young Philadelphian of twenty-one, that "a foreign country is a kind of contemporaneous posterity." But when we remember that the scene of this particular fame was England, and that it was divided with authors now practically forgotten - with "Artemus Ward" and "Josh Billings" and the author of 'Sam Slick' ; when we remember how readily the same recognition is still given in England to any American who misspells or makes fritters of English, or who enters literature, as Lady Morgan's Irish hero entered a drawing-room, by throwing a back somersault in at the door--the judicious American will by no means regard this experience as final. It must be remembered, too, that all the malodorous portions of Whitman's earlier poems were avowedly omitted from the first English edition of his works ; he was expurgated and fumigated in a way that might have excited the utmost contempt from M. Guy de Maupassant, or indeed from himself ; and so the first presentation of this poet to his English admirers showed him, as it were, clothed and in his right mind. Again, it is to be remembered that much of the vague sentiment of democracy in his works, while wholly picturesque and novel to an Englishman --provided he can tolerate it at all--is to us comparatively trite and almost conventional ; it is the rhythmic or semi-rhythmic reproduction of a thousand Fourth of July orations, and as we are less and less inclined to hear this oft-told tale in plain prose, we are least of all tempted to read it in what is not even plain verse. There is, therefore, nothing remarkable in the sort of parallax which exhibits the light of Whitman's fame at so different an angle in his own country and in England. But while an English fame does not of itself prove an American to be great--else were we all suing for Buffalo Bill's social favor as if we were members of the British aristocracy--it certainly does not prove that he is not great ; and it is for us to view Whitman as dispassionately as if he were an author all our own, like Whittier or Parkman, or whom an English visitor will tell you, with labored politeness, that he has a vague impression of having heard of him. The most distinct canonization ever afforded to Whitman on our own shores was when Mr. Stedman placed him among the Dii majores of our literature by giving him a separate chapter in his 'Poets of America' ; and though it is true that this critic had already cheapened that honor by extending it to Bayard Taylor, yet this was obviously explained in part by personal friendship, and partly by the wish not to give New England too plainly the lion's share of fame. Possibly this last consideration may have had influence in the case of Whitman also ; but it is impossible not to see in this chapter a slightly defensive and apologetic tone, such as appears nowhere else in the book. Mr. Stedman's own sense of form is so strong, his instinct of taste so trustworthy, and his love-poetry in particular of so high and refined a quality, that he could not possibly approach Whitman with the sort of predetermined sympathy that we might expect, for instance from Ella Wheeler Wilcox or Amélie Rives. There seems to be a provision in nature for a class of poets who appear at long intervals, and who resolutely confine themselves to a few very simple stage properties, and substitute mere cadence for form. There is, or was, an Ossian period, when simple enthusiasts sat up at night and read until they were sleepy about the waving of the long grass on the blasted heath, and the passing of the armed warrior and the white-bosomed maiden. Ossian is not much read now, but Napoleon Bonaparte admired him and Geothe studied him. Neither is Tupper now much cultivated ; but men not very old assure us that his long, rambling lines were once copied by the page into extract-books, and that he was welcomed as relieving mankind from the tiresome restraints of verse. It would be a great mistake, doubtless, to class Whitman with Ossian on the one side, or Tupper on the other ; but it would be a still greater error to overlook the fact that the mere revolt against the tyranny of form has been made again and again, before him, and that without securing immortal fame to the author of the experiment. It is no uncommon thing, moreover, for the fiercest innovating poets to revert to the ranks of order before they die - as Wordsworth gradually became conventional and Swinburne decent. Whitman has abstained, through all his later publications, from those proclamations of utter nudity which Emerson called "priapism," in connection with 'Leaves of Grass' ;April 7, 1892] The Nation. 263 and is far more compressed and less simply enumerative than when he began. True poetry is not merely the putting of thoughts into words, but the putting of the best thoughts into the best words ; it gives us, as in painting, the O of Giotto ; it secures for us what Ruskin calls "the perfection and precision of the instantaneous line." It fires a rifle-bullet instead of a shower of bird-shot ; it culls the very best phrase out of language, instead of throwing a dozen epithets to see if one may chance to stick. For example, Emerson centres his "Problem" in "a cowled churchman" ; Browning singles out individual bishop or rabbi, as the case may be ; but Whitman enumerates "priests on the earth, oracles, sacriticers, brahmins, sabians, llamas, monks, muftis, exhorters." In "The Song of the Broad-Axe" there are nineteen successive lines beginning with the word "Where" ; in "Salut au Monde !" eighteen beginning with "I see." In "I sing the body electric," he specifies in detail "Wrists and wrist-joins, hand, palm, knuckles, thumb, fore-finger, finger-joints, finger-nails," with thirteen more lines of just such minutæ. In the same poem he explains that he wishes his verses to be regarded as "Man's, woman's, child's, youth's, wife's, husband's, mother's, father's, young man's, young woman's poems." It is like bringing home a sackful of pebbles from the beach and asking you to admire the collected heap as a fine sea view. But it is to be noticed that these follies diminish in his later works : the lines grow shorter ; and though he does not acquiesce in rhyme, he occasionally accepts a rhythm so well defined that it may be called conventional, as in the fine verses entitled "Darest thou now, O Soul ?" And it is a fact which absolutely overthrows the whole theory of poetic structure or structurelessness implied in Whitman's volumes, that his warmest admirers usually place first among his works the poem on Lincoln's death, "My Captain," which comes so near to recognized poetic methods that it actually falls into rhyme. Whitman can never be classed, as Spinoza was by Schleiermacher, among "God-intoxicated" men ; but he was early intoxicated with two potent draughts—himself and his country : "One's self I sing, a simple separate person, Yet utter the word Democratic, the word En Masse." With these words his collected poems open, and to these he has always been true. They have brought with them a certain access of power, and they have also implied weakness ; on the personal side leading to pruriency and on the national side to rant. For some reason or other our sexual nature is so ordained that it is very hard for a person to dwell much upon it, even for noble and generous purposes, without developing a tendency to morbidness ; the lives of philanthropists and reformers have sometimes shown this, and when one insists on it for purposes of self-glorification, the danger is greater. Whitman did not escape the danger ; it is something that he outgrew it ; and it is possible that if let entirely alone, which could hardly be expected, he might have dropped " Children of Adam," and some of the more nauseous passages in other effusions, from his published words. One thing which has always accentuated the seeming grossness of the sensual side of his works has been the entire absence of that personal and ideal side of passion which can alone elevate and dignify it. Probably no poet of equal pretensions was ever so entirely wanting in the sentiment of individual love ; not only has he given us no love-poem, in the ordinary use of that term, but it is as difficult to conceive of his writing one as of his chanting a serenade beneath the window of his mistress. His love is the blunt, undisguised attraction of sex to sex, the physical appetite for the requisite quantity of white flesh ; and whether this flesh belongs to a goddess or a street-walker, a Queensbury or a handmaid, is to him absolutely unimportant. This not only separates him from the poets of thoroughly ideal emotion, like Poe, but from those, like Rossetti, whose passion, though it may incarnate itself in the body, is inseparable from the very profoundest and most subtle yearnings of the spirit. In preaching this gospel of unbounded self-indulgence - or, as his admirers would prefer to call it, self-expression - he has constantly made his own personality, and especially his own fine physical manhood, a factor. It is therefore fair to introduce this factor into criticism, in a way that would be wholly unfair if we were dealing with an objective poet like Browning. Thus, in his poem of "Native Moments," Whitman says : "Native moments - when you come upon me - ah, you are here now, Give me now libidinous joys only. Give me the drench of my passions, give me life coarse and rank. To-day I go to consort with Nature's darlings; to-night, too. I am for those who believe in loose delights ; I share the midnight orgies of young men." Much more has Whitman written to the same purpose, and with a bad influence - we speak from personal observation - on the lives of many young men ; an influence that can scarcely be estimated. This passage is probably not among those extracts from Whitman which are now read for charitable purposes at Congregational rooms or in the parlors of Episcopal churches ; but it represents what the poet would once have recognized as the vital principle of his must. And he constantly represents himself as the living example of what he sings : "I now, thirty-seven years old, in perfect health, begin, Hoping not to cease till death." This is his theory, this his invited test. No matter, for the present, what the moralist would say of the theory ; what the physiologist would say of it is, that a man who undertakes to act upon it will end in bankruptcy, will not live out his life ; that those who thus claim to be Nature's darlings end as Nature's warnings ; that paralysis, insanity, premature old age are the retribution for "the drench of the passions" in youth. Was there ever a sdder personal commentary on all this than when we find this same poet, who at thirty-seven exulted in his manly strength, addressing school-children at fifty-five from the point of view of extreme age ("An Old Man's Thoughts of School") and having constant appeals made for him, when hardly past the prime of life, as for one broken down by years and infirmities ? Compare this premature senility of the poet of "life coarse and rank," with the old age of the chaster poets - with Bryant's eighty-four clean and wholesome years, with Whittier's, almost a life-long invalid, and yet busy and useful when eighty-four years are told. It is the easy device of admirers to attribute this want of physical staying power to Whitman's army services, but the land is full of men who encountered during the civil war, and without boasting, and ordeal of bodily exposures to which those of Whitman were as nothing, in that comparatively sheltered position which he chose for himself, and who are still in health and vigor. We have no wish to dwell on the bodily calamities of any one, but where a man deliberately invites the personal test, and where the application of that test points a moral for coming generations, it would be cowardly to shrink from its recognition. On purely poetic grounds it must be said of Whitman that he has in a high degree that measure of the ideal faculty which Emerson conceded to Margaret Fuller : he has "lyric glimpses." Rarely constructing anything, he is yet gifted in phrases, in single cadences, in single wayward strains as from an AEolian harp. It constantly happens that the titles or catch-words of his poems are better than the poems themselves ; as we sometimes hear it said in praise of a clergyman that he has beautiful texts. "Proud Music of the Storm," "When Lilies Last in Door-yard Bloomed," and others will readily occur ; and if they were sometimes borrowed or duplicated, as "The Sobbing of the Bells" from " Poe, it is no matter. Often, on the other hand, they are inflated, as "Chanting the Square Deific," or affected and feeble, as "Eidolons." One of the most curiously un-American traits in a poet professedly so national is his way of interlarding foreign, and especially French, phrases, to a degree that recalls the fashionable novels of the last generation, and gives an incongruous effect comparable only to Theodore Parker's description of an African chief seen by some one at Sierra Leone - "With the exception of a dress-coat, his Majesty was as naked as a pestle." In the opening lines, already quoted from his collected volume (ed. 1881), Whitman defines "the word Democratic, the word En Masse" ; and everywhere French phrases present themselves. The vast sublimity of night on the prairies only suggest to him "how plenteous ! how spiritual ! how résumé," whatever that may mean ; he talks of "Mélange mine own, the seen and the unseen" ; writes poems "with reference to ensemble" ; says "the future of the States I harbinge glad and sublime" ; and elsewhere, "I blow through my embouchures my loudest and gayest for them." He is "the extolled of amies," meaning apparently mistresses ; and says that neither youth pertains to him "nor delicatesse." Phrases like these might be multiplied indefinitely, and when he says, "No dainty dolce affetuoso I," he seems vainly to disclaim being exactly what he is. He cannot even introduce himself to the audience without borrowing a foreign word - "I, Walt Whitman, one of the roughs, a kosmos" and really stands in this respect on a plane no higher than that of those young girls at boarding-school who commit French phrases to memory in order to use them in conversation and give a fancied tone of good society. But after all, the offence, which is a trivial affection in a young girl, has a deeper foundation in a man who begins his literary career at thirty-seven. The essential fault of Whitman's poetry was well pointed out by a man of more heroic nature and higher genius, Lanier, who defined him as a dandy. Of all our poets, he is really the least simple, the most mereticious ; and this is the reason why the honest consciousness of the classes whom he most celebrates, the drover, the teamster, the soldier, has never been reached by his songs. He talks of labor as one who have never really labored ; his 'Drum-Taps' proceed from one who has never personally responded to the tap of the drum. This is his fatal and insurmountable defect ; and it is because his own countrymen instinctively recognize this, and foreigners do not, that his following is mainly abroad, not at home. But it is also true that he has, in a fragmentary and disappointing way, some of the high ingredients of a poet's nature : a keen eye, a ready sympathy, a strong touch, a264 The Nation. [Vol. 54, No. I397 vivid but not shaping imagination. In his cyclopædia of epithets,in his accumulated directory of details, in his sandy wastes of iteration, there are many scattered particles of gold—never sifted out by him, never abundant enough to pay for he sifting, yet unmistakable gold. He has something of the turgid wealth, the self-conscious and mouthing amplitude of Victor Hugo, and much of his broad, vague, indolent desire for the welfare of the whole human race ; but he has none of Hugo's structural power, his dramatic or melodramatic instinct, and his occasionally terse and brilliant condensation. It is not likely that he will ever have that place in the future which is claimed for him by his English admirers or even by the more cautious endorsement of Mr. Stedman ; for, setting aside all other grounds of criticism, he has phrase, but not form—and without form there is no immortality. BARANTE'S MEMOIRS. PARIS, March 15, 1892. THE second volume of the 'Souvenirs du Baron de Barante,' which has just appeared, is even more interesting than the first. We left M. de Barante, in 1813, at Nantes, where he had been sent as prefect ; in this capacity he had to organize the new levies ordered by the Emperor. A great coalition was formed against France : Prussia had joined Russia, and even Sweden had entered into the league. Barante tells a curious anecdote about Bernadotte. In September, 1813, Talma came to Nantes and gave a few performances. He told M. de Barante that the famous Mademoiselle Georges, who had left France a few years before to go to St. Petersburg, passed through Sweden on her return to France. Bernadotte, knowing that she was on her way to Paris, where she certainly would see Napoleon, gave her a letter for him. Mademoiselle Georges had the letter sewn in her stays, and did not take it out till she was alone with the Emperor. He read it, and, speaking to himself, said : "It is too late." Mademoiselle Georges knew nothing more ; but M. de Barante is not wrong in inferring that Bernadotte hesitated much before joining the coalition, and never was a safe ally of the Powers leagued against France. The levies of Napoleon had already exhausted France ; they were made in virtue of sénatus-consultes. "The Senate gave the Emperor, January 10, 1813, 100,000 men from the national guard, 100,000 from the conscripts of 1810, 1811, and 1812, who had not been called to service, and 150,000 of the conscription of 1814 ; in October, 1813, 280,000 more from the classes of 1812, 1813, and 1814 ; and a month afterwards, 100,000 from the classes anterior to 1813, back to te year 1803. These pitiless levies, made without any drafting, without any deliberation by the Councils of Revision, the requisitions of horses, for which no credits were open to me, so that I could not pay them—such was now the habitual occupation of my days. There was no longer any law or any rule. Though the administration could act act arbitrarily as it liked, I tried to exercise my powers with equity and mildness." Mildness, humanity, were the chief qualities of M. de Barante ; and they were not purely negative : he did not hesitate sometimes to risk his position or to incur responsibilities in order to do some good. He is sincere when he tells us that nothing in his administration at Nantes gave him so much pleasure as when he succeeded in saving the lives of two conscripts who were on the point of being executed because there had been some brawl between conscripts and gendarmes. M. de Barante does not give the history of the great events of 1814 ; he contents himself with telling what came under his personal observation. His judgments on the men of he time are very interesting. Read this, for instance : "Louis XVIII., as belonging to the House of France, considered himself of a race superior to all the reigning families. He assumed a sort of patronizing and aristocratic superiority towards all the other sovereigns. The Emperor Alexander was for him only a cadet of the House of Holstein. He was cold with the Czar and kept him at a distance. The Emperor wished to marry his sister, the Grand Duchess Anne, to the Duc de Berry ; the King feigned not to understand his overtures on the subject. he did not even confer on him the Order of the Holy Spirit, which he had some notion of getting. M. de Talleyrand, either because he wished to play the courtier, or because he already contemplated an alliance of France with England against Russia, was careful not to give other advice. The Emperor Alexander left Paris highly discontented." M. de Barante judges Talleyrand with much acuteness ; he describes well his liberal and constitutional tendencies, his love for the great combinations of politics, as well as his laziness, his hatred of details. Talleyrand had at first wished Louis XVIII. to keep on with the tricolor cockade ; he soon saw that he had expected too much from a King who signed his decrees "from the eighteenth year of my reign." Long afterwards, speaking to M. de Barante of the hopes which he had cherished in 1814, and which had been disappointed : "I must repeat," said he, "the word of Madame de Créqui : This is not the son I had in my head." The Abbé de Montesquieu, one of the framers of the Charte, "had no very fixed political principles. . . . His love of liberty did not go beyond the States of Languedoc or the provincial assemblies ; the Restoration was for him the ancien régime becoming reasonable. More of a rand seigneur than a courtier, he had the monarchical superstitions. Nobody would have more frankly told the King what he believed was the truth, having little of that civility of the ante-chamber into which the old nobility had fallen. But, this duty once accomplished, the will of the King became sacred to him." It is impossible better to describe the state of mind of the best part of the French Legitimists —a state of mind which has always persisted since, notwithstanding many changes and revolutions. "To be in any sort of opposition to the King seemed to him a moral dereliction." Barante was amazed at seeing how the new France, the France of he Revolution and the Empire, was unknown to the émigrés ; it was to them terra incognita. All the émigrés were not from foreign parts : there were some who had, so to speak, emigrated to their provinces. The new Chancellor, M. Dambray, "lived for twenty years in Normandy, honored on all sides, respected in his province, charitable, just, affable, yet foreign to all ; never going to Paris, without any relation with the new men, not knowing the new laws, not reading a new book, or, it was said, even a newspaper ; spending his days with country neighbors, and his evenings in playing piquet with his curé and his aunt." We need not give the portrait of Beugnot ; he has described himself better than anybody could do in his invaluable Memoirs (a book, by the by, which has become very rare). Barante speaks of Baron Louis, the first Minister of Finance of the Restoration, with much respect ; M. Thiers, who pretended to be a great financier, always said that he had learned everything from Baron Louis. The Duke of Angoulême made a journey to Nantes, and Barante wished that the Prince should not appear to the populace surrounded y the Vendéens alone. His task was not as difficult as he expected : "Not remembering the ancien régime, he little regretted it. This equality in obedience, this suppression of the aristocracy, this regularity of the administration and of the law— all this suited him well enough. A sort of instinct or confused reflection advised him that it was a good foundation for an absolute power. He did not feel the repugnance of the old émigrés to the imperial régime. If his impressions could ever have been lively, I would have said that it made his mouth water to hear how, in great and in small things alike, was exercised the authority of the government which had given way to the Restoration. I found in him no gratitude, no affection, no preference for any opinion, for any party, for any class. In his mind, he was under obligations to nobody. The émigrés had done nothing for royalty and now embarrassed it ; the Vendéens had never succeeded and now wished to be recompensed as if they had." The picture is not flattering, but bears the impress of truth. Barante was in his prefecture at Nantes when Napoleon returned from Elba. The Duke of Bourbon came to Angers for the purpose of raising the west of France against the Emperor. M. Louis de la Trémoille came also with an undefined mission. When Napoleon reached Paris, M. d'Autichamp, one of the Vendéen chiefs, merely advised the Duc de Bourbon to leave France. The Prince went only to Beaupréau, in the Bocage ; some of his friends still wanted to see if anything could be tried. It was with difficulty that twenty peasants were found to mount guard at his door. Having received a passport, the Duc de Bourbon went away and embarked for England. Barante sent his resignation to Paris as soon as he heard that the imperial authority was reëstablished in the capital. He left directly for Barante with his wife and children ; he regularly received news from his friend the Comte de Montlosier, whose letters are given in this new volume. In May, 1815, he lost his patience and went to Paris ; he found the capital without any deep attachment to any cause, feeling that everything was uncertain and provisional. He saw Benjamin Constant almost every day at Madame Récamier's ; they had both been intimate with Madame de Staël, and had little to learn about each other. They were both Liberals and partisans of a Constitutional Government. The correspondence of M. de Barante with his wife and his friends during the eventful year 1815 is in the highest degree interesting. When Louis XVIII. returned to Paris after Waterloo, he made up what was called a Constitutional Cabinet, with Fouché at its head. Barante wrote at the time a memoir "On the Political and Constitutional Institutions of France, such as the King wishes to establish definitely," at the request of M. Pasquier, the new Home Minister, who had chosen him to be Secretary-General of the Interior. The position was an important one, as he had to correspond with all the prefects and to direct their policy. When the elections took place for the Chambers, Barante was elected in the Loire-Inférieure and in the Puy-de-Dôme. He had been prefect in the first department, and Auvergne was his native province. The Duc de Richelieu formed a Cabinet after the retirement of Talleyrand. Barante renders full justice to his rare qualities, cum grano salis : "In short," says he, "he had the aspect of a grand seigneur,The Critic NUMBER 53I } TWELFTH YEAR NEW YORK, APRIL 23, I892. THE CRITIC CO. { SINGLE COPIES, TEN CENTS VOLUME XVII $3 PER YEAR IN ADVANCE Harper's Magazine FOR MAY. The Brownings. ROBERT AND ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING. By ANNE THACKERAY RITCHIE. With portraits and illustrations. The German Army of To-day. By LIEUTENANT-COLONEL EXNER. Illustrated by T. DE THULSTRUP. The Dakotas. By JULIAN RALPH. With a Map. The Private School for Girls. By ANNA C. BRACKETT. From the Black Forest to the Black Sea. Part IV. By F. D. MILLET. Illustrated by ALFRED PARSONS and F. D. MILLET. Amerigo Vespucci. By EUGENE LAWRENCE. Fiction : JANE FIELD. A Novel. Part I. By MARY E. WILKINS. Illustrated by W. T. SMEDLEY. THE WORLD OF CHANCE. A Novel. Part III. By WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS. JESSEKIAH BROWN'S COURTSHIP. By RUTH McENERY STUART. Illustrated. MALOUIN. By WILLIAM McLENNAN. 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WHICH WINS. A story of social conditions. By Mary H. Ford. No. 8. IF SHE WILL SHE WILL. By Mary A. Dennison. No. 7. SARDIA. A story of love. By Cora Linn Daniels. No. 6. LIFE AND TIMES OF JESUS. As related by Thomas Didymus. By James Freemen Clarke. No. 5. THREE SCOUTS. By J. T. Trowbridge. No. 4. CUDJO'S CAVE. By J. T. Trowbridge. No. 3. THREE MILLIONS. By William T. Adams (Oliver Optic). No. 2. IN TRUST. By Amanda M. Douglas. No. 1. THE BLIND MEN AND THE DEVIL By Phineas. Price, Paper, 50 cents Our Complete Catalogue Mailed Free. Lee and Shepard Publishers Boston. April 23, 1892 The Critic 245 Her book ["A Thousand Miles up the Nile"] is one of the most charming, most informing, most comprehensive works on Egypt that has appeared, and taken with "Egypt of the Past" by Sir Erasmus Wilson, which she helped him to prepare, and which was left to her as a legacy at his death, the reader will get from it a wonderful view of this wonderful land through the whole range of its long history. On most of her journeys Miss Edwards was accompanied by her friend, Miss North, who as a botanical painter has rivalled Miss Edwards in her range of travel and production. A little building in Kew Botanical Gardens, near London, now encloses the pictures of Miss North, and is one of the most interesting features of that interesting place. When Miss Edwards returned from Egypt she was fired with the desire to stop the destruction of antiquities which was ruthlessly going on, and there was gradually evolved in her mind the idea of the Egyptian Exploration Fund, with which her name has since been identified. After a number of discouragements, because of the state of things in Egypt, she at last found her opportunity, and sent a circular letter to a number of English scholars, who came together one day at the British Museum and founded the Fund. Miss Edwards and her friend Mr. Poole, of the British Museum, were made Honorary Secretaries, but the work fell at the first largely, and afterward altogether, upon Miss Edwards' shoulders. Explorers were sent out who discovered Tanis, the Scriptural Zoan, found the treasure of Pithom, also mentioned in the Scriptures, and added in one way and another many links in the chain which binds together sacred and secular chronology. Many of the results of these explorations have been recorded by Miss Edwards herself in her two articles in Harper's Magazine, and other results are to be seen in the Boston Art Museum, where, owing to Miss Edwards' gratitude for the American support she had received --largely through the labors of her friend Dr. William C. Winslow, Honorary Secretary of the American branch--a very liberal share of the "find" has been permanently placed. Miss Edwards' scholarship has been recognized by the degree of L.H.D., given to her by Columbia College, and of L.L.D., given to her by Smith College, Northampton. She is also a member of many learned societies, and has been spoken of as "the most learned woman in the world," though she herself would be likely to surrender this title in favor of her polyglot sister, the Princess Dora d'Istria of Italy. Miss Edwards arrives in this country within a few days, and will give her opening lecture in the Brooklyn Library course on November 7. Thereafter she is engaged nearly every week-night for a hundred days, for few lectures coming to us from England have been so welcomed in advance in this practical way as she has been. And she deserves her welcome.' Dr. Edwards met with great success as a lecturer here, her pleasant face and voice adding greatly to the charm of her vivid descriptions of things Egyptian. The substance of her addresses appeared in book form last year, under the title of 'Pharaohs, Fellahs and Explorers.' Walt Whitman THE CASKET containing the remains of Walt Whitman, which, since the day of his funeral had rested upon trestles on the floor of the tomb in Harley Cemetery, Camden, were placed on April 13 in the crypt prepared for them at the back of the tomb and hermetically sealed. Only the cemetery officials and the undertaker were present. In the preface to his 'Selected Poems by Walt Whitman,' Mr. Arthur Stedman says :-- 'Some may declare that I have tried to chisel a statuette out of a particularly rugged boulder, but if they will admit that the carving has been neatly done, they are welcome to call the book a paradox.' In one of the last letters received by the editors of The Critic from the late Wolcott Balestier, that brilliant young author, editor and publisher, wrote as follows :--'I am writing Whitman to ask his permission to include his books in the "English Library" [the Continental rival to the Tauchnitz], and, at the same time, suggesting to him what may be the perfectly fantastic and impossible notion of purchasing his copyrights, it having occurred to me that a fairly handsome sum in bulk might ease his declining years. For my own part, I am entirely willing to bet on Whitman's future, and to look upon it as an investment. It has always struck me as strange that the most absolutely democratic person extant should be published in so aristocratic and exclusive a form that no poor man can afford to buy him. Here, indeed, he is published at 9d. per volume ; but not so in America, and a publisher like my friend Mr. Lovell, who would issue his books both in the cloth of the peerage and in the paper of the Great Big People, might bring his works home to those who will finally most profit by them. Whitman, in whom I need not say I firmly believe, will never "have his due effect" until he is put into shape where the men who use their muscles can get at him. The extraordinary results that have followed the publication of Henry George in a cheap edition really makes me think that there is something in this. * * * On a second thoughts, I will not write to Whitman till I hear from you something more about how he is situated, and whether you think he would like such an arrangement. It might be a boon to him, and he might think it a curse, and I should only want to do what would please him and bless him. Perhaps you will write me your notion about this." We wrote to Mr. Whitman on the subject, and at last accounts he had placed the matter, for negotiation, in the hands of his friend Mr. Buxton Forman of London. Referring to the conclusion of Theodore Watts's article on Walt Whitman in The Athenaum of April 2, "A Man of Letters writes The Pall Mall Gazette :--"When we read the foul and filthy image with which that critic has defiled his article, and when we think of the long and blameless and helpful life of this sweet old man with the earth so dry upon his coffin, I think that the episode is one of the most outrageous in the whole sad, foolish, bitter history of criticism." The Radical Review publishes the poet's portrait and begins thus a long article headed 'In Memoriam' :-- Posterity alone will be able to assign to the erratic genius of Whitman its proper niche in the temple of fame. In the battle of life he has fought under a withering fire of criticism, and only when the smoke of the enemy's cannon has lifted shall we discern clearly the issue of the strife. That Walt Whitman's fame will grow with the ages is our own firm conviction it is the tardy honor which, like the rays of the silvery moon, has come in the evening as a balm to the scorching fires of criticism to which his early life was subjected. Punch, April 9. 'The good grey poet' gone ! Brave, hopeful Walt ! He might not be a singer without fault, And his large rough-hewn rhythm did not chime With dulcet daintiness of time and rhyme. He was no neater than wide Nature's wild, More metrical than sea-winds. Culture's child, Lapped in luxurious laws of line and lilt, Shrank from him shuddering, who was roughly built As a cyclopean temples. Yet there rang True music through his rhapsodies, as he sang Of brotherhood, and freedom, love and hope, With strong wide sympathy which dared to cope With all life's phases, and call naught unclean. Whilst hearts are generous, and whilst woods are green, He shall find hearers, who, in a slack time Of puny bards and pessimistic rhyme, Dared to bid men adventure and rejoice. His "yawp barbaric" was a human voice ; The singer was a man. America Is poorer by a stalwart soul to-day, And may feel pride that she has given birth To this stout laureate of old Mother Earth. ANDRÈ RAFFALOVICH, in The Hawk Not since some mariners heard voices sobbing-- Strange voices sobbing for the great god Pan-- Not till Walt Whitman's beating heart ceased throbbing, Did Nature lose a lover like this man. The lover of the spirit and the flesh, The beauty of the naked world his soul Beheld beneath time's wrinkled veil as fresh As Adam saw it, flawless, blessed, whole. He looked beyond mere evil and mere good, Success and failure, triumph and complaint, Life, love, and death, he loved and understood, The prostitute, the felon, and the saint, The young men singing as they walk along, 'With open mouths their loud melodious song.' TO THE EDITORS OF THE CRITIC :-- It may interest you to know how the necessities of Walt Whitman were once relieved, and you can make use of the facts as you please. I visited him in 1885, I think it was, and found him in much the state described by the Lounger on April 12. He seemed to me to be in a condition of wretched poverty, but cheerful, contented and even happy. I had some time enjoyed the acquaintance of William M. Rossetti, who has been one of his warmest admirers for many years. Within the next few days I246 The Critic Number Number 531 wrote to Mr. Rossetti, setting forth the condition in which I had found his aged friend. Upon receiving my letter he wrote to me, asking further particulars, and stating that he had taken steps to raise a contribution from Whitman's London admirers, for his prompt relief. He had published a notice to this effect in The Athenaeum, of which he sent me a copy, adding:--'You can see what your letter has accomplished.' I am quite sure that he mentioned Mrs. Gilchrist as one who had interested herself in raising the Walt Whitman relief fund. It seemed to me that I was fairly 'elected' to help this movement, and I forwarded my 'mite' to Mr. Rossetti. The little draft was duly paid in London, and returned to the Hamilton County (Iowa) Bank with Rossetti's endorsement. Mr. Rossetti afterward wrote me that I was the only American contributor to this fund, which amounted to 150 l. (some $750). This matter is mentioned in the Life of Mrs. Gilchrist by her son, the artist, who crossed the ocean to paint Whitman's portrait. Not long after this money was sent over, the American friends of 'the good grey poet' presented him with a horse and buggy, which added so much to the comfort of his few remaining years. While there can be no doubt that Whitman's devoted friends on this side were in the habit of contributing to his necessities for many years, they were fewer in number than those in England, to whom his actual needs were unknown until Mr. Rossetti's item appeared in The Athenaeum. The latter acted at once, raising a sum which for some time enabled Whitman to live comfortably-- for him. CHARLES ALDRICH. STATE LIBRARY, DES MOINES, IOWA, 8 April, 1892. The Shelley Monument MR. ONSLOW FORD'S monument to Shelley, designed at the request of the poet's daughter in-law, Lady Shelley, will be set up in the garden of University College, Oxford, on Aug. 4, the one-hundredth anniversary of Shelley's birth. We quote from The Athenaeum's account of it:-- * * *Mr. Ford has designed a whole-length statue, rather more than ordinary life size, of somewhat warmly tinted white marble, lying at full length, and quite naked, upon a slab of pale sea-green Irish marble, which is carved in a broad and unobtrusive fashion so as to suggest, without exactly representing it, the shore on which the poet's corpse was found. The figure reclines on the left shoulder and slightly backwards; the head rests on the ground amid the flowing masses of its long hair, which are as if the sea had left them so; the noble face is upturned, the eyes are closed, the lips are slightly parted, and the expression is that of happy and painless death. The left arm, with its relaxed hand, lies close to the body, which the right arm crosses so as to rest upon the ground in front. The right leg is extended straight downwards, and the left leg, its knee being bent, lies under the right. The attitude, in fact, is one of rare yet simple naturalness and grace. In style, finish, and motive, the figure leaves nothing to be desired. Above and behind the head Mr. Ford has disposed a branch of bay, which, curving over, forms a sort of wreath, and, being of gilt bronze, may indicate, without actually representing, a halo such as sculptors have sometimes placed about the brows of the drowned Orpheus. The sea-green slab rests upon a somewhat larger slab of the same kind, and forms the base proper of this portion of the monument. The usual sarcophagus being eliminated, these slabs and the figure of the dead poet are borne upon the heads and upraised wings of two stately lions of green bronze, which resemble the well-known lion of St. Mark. They are seated back to back, facing right and left of the monument, and, being architectonically treated, as well as designed with ample grasp of the subject, contrast expressively with the purified realism of the statue they support, while their color assorts with the slabs above them and the deep block of Rosso di Levanto they sit upon, which is the plinth proper of the monument. In the middle of this, between the lions, and in front of the composition, is a life-sized, half-draped statue in white marble of a silent muse, who is seated upon the plinth, leaning slightly to her right, and resting her head upon one hand that holds the lyre, which in turn rests upon the plinth. The lyre is formed of the horns of an antelope attached to a crab's shell. The mournful face of the muse, and the action of her left hand, which is raised a little, seem to indicate that she is lamenting the death of Adonais. The feet of the muse rest on the base of the monument, which comprises three steps, and is bowed so as to advance in front to form a kind of pedestal for the feet. This base is entirely of polished black marble, moulded in its outlines so as to assort with the plinth of Rosso di Levanto which arises from it. A ribbon carved in festoons is inscribed with the following motto from 'Adonais':-- He is made one with Nature, there is heard His voice in all her music, from the moan Of thunder, to the song of night's sweet bird; He is a presence to be felt and known In darkness and in light; In a panel below the muse's feet is the name of 'Shelley.' From the ground to the summit the composition is 7 ft. 2 in. high, and, so as to admit the recumbent figure, proportionately wide. The base proper on which the whole stands is about 3 ft. wider than the sea-green slab. At Oxford the memorial will stand under a sort of temple of Ionic columns sustaining an appropriate entablature, the roof within which is to be of glass, in order that the sculptures may be seen in a proper light from above. The temple was designed by Mr. Basil Champneys. Lady Shelley--in thus fulfilling the wishes of her late husband--has subscribed largely to the cost of the whole work and setting up of the monument. A full-size and faithfully colored cast of the monument proper will be shown at the approaching exhibition of the Royal Academy. The Fine Arts Art Notes THE ANNUAL exhibition of water-colors at the Union League Club, April 14-16, included an admirable Turner, 'The Carron Iron Works,' by night, belching forth flame and smoke; a snow scene by J. Ten Kate, 'Vue de Paris'; an India-ink sketch by Constable; a drawing of a Spanish girl in bare feet and auburn ringlets, by Gavarni; and drawings in crayon and pastel by J. F. Millet and Puvis de Chavannes. Among the American artists represented were Winslow Homer, Childe Hassam, and F. Hopkinson Smith; but their pictures had been seen at former exhibitions. --At the sale of the Wm. B. Dinsmore collection last week, the $29,298 received in bids meant an average of about $256 per painting. --M. Thomas Couture, the famous French painter, was a personal acquaintance of the American painter, G.P.A. Healy, who writes of him in an illustrated article in the May Century. The work of the new American sculptor, Herbert Adams, is written of in the May Century, where a full-page portrait bust of his is reproduced. Roswell Smith THE DEATH OF Roswell Smith, President of the Century Company, which occurred at his residence, 24 East 51st Street, on Monday morning, was not unexpected. For the past month he has been in a dying condition and for the past three years and more he has suffered from an incurable disease, besides this he has had three strokes of paralysis, so that his friends had long ago given up hope of his recovery. Roswell Smith was born at Lebanon, Conn., on the 30th of March, 1829. His uncle, Roswell C. Smith, was the author of Smith's Grammar and Smith's Arithmetic and other successful school books so that the boyhood of Roswell Smith was spent in a more or less bookish atmosphere, and at the age of fourteen he entered the employ of Paine & Burgess, publishers, in this city. After leaving there he entered the Brown University, and took the English scientific course. He then studied law in Hartford, Conn., and went to Lafayette, Ind., to practise it. Besides practising law he engaged in the real estate business and was the agent of the Home Insurance Company in that city. In 1852 he married Miss Annie Ellsworth, only daughter of the first United States Commissioner of Patents, Henry L. Ellsworth. It was Miss Ellsworth who sent the first telegraphic message, "What hath God wrought?' over Prof. Morse's trial wire. In 1868 Roswell Smith went abroad with his wife and daughter after having made a comfortable fortune in the West. There he met the late Dr. J. G. Holland, who was also travelling with his family. An acquaintance was made that ripened into the closest friendship and it was while talking over their plans for the future one night in Geneva that Dr. Holland mentioned the desire of his heart, which was to edit a monthly magazine which should be devoted to the development of American literature and art. Scribner's Magazine was the outcoming of this conversation. In 1881 Mr. Smith, who had bought out Dr. Holland's interest in the magazine from his heirs, bought out the interest of Charles Scribner's Sons also, and changed its name to The Century. The undertaking was a bold one, but like everything that Mr. Smith put his hand to it was successful. April 23 1892 The Critic V THE CHILDREN OF THE POOR, BY JACOB A. RIIS, author of "How the Other Half Lives," is the second of the elaborately illustrated articles in the series, THE POOR IN GREAT CITIES, now appearing in SCRIBNER'S MAGAZINE. May Number Ready. OTHER ARTICLES: Reflections of a Married Man. Part III. Paris Theatres, Part IV. Illustrated. Rapid Transit, by T.C. Clarke. Illustrated. HISTORIC MOMENTS: The First Unter den Linden, by Paul Lindau. Illustrated. News Message by Telegraph. Stevenson's serial, "The Wreckers." Illustrated. Point of View, Poems, Sea and Land, by N.S. Shaler. Illustrated. etc., etc. Price, 25 Cents. BANK AND OFFICE FITTINGS. Fine Brass Work. SPECIAL DESIGNS ON APPLICATION. A.H. Andrews & Co. 215 Wabash Av., Chicago. Andrews Manufacturing Co. 76 FIFTH AVENUE. N.Y. Chubb THE FISHING-ROD MANUFACTURER Hand-Made Lancewood Rods Made by T. H. CHUBB ROD CO., are finely balanced, made of choice material, and by experienced workmen, and a printed guaranty with each, which warrants them for one year. There is nothing cheap about these rods except the price, which is about the same as you will have to pay for rds sold by the TRADE. Price, with Nickel Plated Trimmings, - $4.00 Price, with German Silver Trimmings, - 6.00 The "Chubb" catalogue for 1892 has lithographic plates, in colors, of these rods, also Split Bamboo, and over 100 varieties of Artificial Flies. It also illustrates, describes, and gives prices on Anglers' supplies of every description. Send 25 cents for catalogue ; this may be deducted from first order for goods amounting to one dollar or more, by enclosing coupon which accompanies catalogue, Address, T.H. CHUBB ROD Co., Post Mills, Vt. Please mention The Critic. Unlike the Dutch Process No Alkalies -----OR----- Other Chemicals are used in the preparation of W. BAKER & CO.'S Breakfast Cocoa which is absolutely pure and soluble. It has more than three times the strength of Cocoa mixed with Starch, Arrowroot or Sugar, and is far more economical, costing less than one cent a cup. It is delicious, nourishing, and EASILY DIGESTED. _____________ Sold by Grocers everywhere. _________________ W. BAKER & CO., Dorchester, Mass. The Tourist. The highest grade bicycle in the world. PERFECT IN MATERIAL, CONSTRUCTION AND FINISH. Made at Colt's West Armory, Hartford. Price $150, fitted with Bidwell (Thomas) pneumatic tires, guaranteed against puncture, bursting and leakage. The Student. A high grade, medium-priced wheel of excellent quality, shape, and finish. Price $100, with cushion tires, or $125, with Bidwell (Thomas) pneumatic tires. We sell ALL THE LEADING MAKES OF BICYCLES, WARWICKS, PSYCHOS, UNIONS, VICTORS, CREDENDAS, and many others. Catalogue sent on request. Cycling accessories a specialty. Special Instruction Hall, 50 x 100. Private lessons. Geo. R. Bidwell Cycle Co., 306-310 WEST 59TH ST., NEW YORK. Simplicity of Mechanism, Durability of Construction, Ease of Manipulation, are conceded to be the characteristics which enable the REMINGTON Standard Typewriter to keep so far ahead of all competitors. ----------------- Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedct, 327 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. Our New Edition JANE AUSTEN'S NOVELS Printed from new type on super-fine paper, with a frontispiece by Garrett for each volume. SENSE AND SENSIBILITY, 2 Volumes. PRIDE AND PREJUDICE 2 Volumes. MANSFIELD PARK - - 2 Volumes. EMMA - - - - - - - 2 Volumes. NORTHANGER ABBEY 1 Volume. PERSUASION - - - - 1 Volume. LADY SUSAN: With a Memoir and Letters of Jane Austen - - - - - - - 1 Volume. LIBRARY EDITION. 16mo; half ruby morocco, gilt top; 11 volumes ; $1.25 per volume. EDITION DE LUXE on laid paper, medium 8vo, russet cloth, untrimmed, limited to 250 copies, issued simultaneously with the 16mo edition. $22.00 per set. "A girl who wrote for girls, a woman who wrote for women, has become praised of all men." --Transcript. Send for Descriptive circulars and subscription blanks (free). SUBSCRIBE AT ONCE. ROBERTS BROTHERS, Publishers, BOSTON. Frederick Koehler, GENT'S FASHIONABLE CUSTOM BOOTS & SHOES, No. 10 ASTOR PLACE, 6th door from Broadway, New York. Christian Art Institute R. Geissler. 52 & 54 Lafayette Place New York Foundation, Historical and Memorial Tablets in Brass, Bronze Marble or Mosaics. SEND FOR A CIRCULAR AND MENTION THIS PAPER. Hellmuth College, LONDON, Ontario, Canada. For Young Ladies & Girls. Beautiful Home. Healthy Climate. Full Academic Course. Music, Art, Elocution, etc. Passenger Elevator. 150 Acres. Students from 25 Provinces and States. For illus. catalogue, address REV. E.N. ENGLISH, M. A., Principal. ASTHMA WORST CASES CURED TO STAY CURED IF UNCOMPLICATED BY ORGANIC DISEASE. Incurable cases declined. WE WANT NAME OF EVERY ASTHMATIC. Examination free by mail. P. HAROLD HAYES M.D. BUFFALO, N.Y.vi The Critic Number 531 MISCELLANEOUS. "The weary brain requires some nerve-sustaining element as food."--HERBERT SPENCER. Crosby's Vitalized Phosphites. The vital principle of animal and vegetable life isolated from the ox brain and wheat germ. The loss of memory, the tired and exhausted feeling, the dull unrefreshed sleep, or nervous sleeplessness, brain weariness, depressed vitality, are simply the brain and nervous system calling for their necessary food. In this condition the Vitalized Phosphites give great relief. It restores the true protagon, the brain phosphoid, increases brain and nerve power by specially feeding the nerve centres. It reinvigorates brain and body. For thirty years endorsed by leading physicians, and the world's best brain workers. Formula on the label. Pamphlet free to those who write for it. Druggists or by mail $1.00 F. Crosby Co. 56 WEST 25TH ST., N. Y. OLD AND RARE BOOKS, CHEAPEST BOOKSTORE IN THE WORLD! THE LARGEST COLLECTION OF NEW AND SECOND-HAND BOOKS IN THE UNIVERSE. At a great Reduction from Publishers' Prices Send us a Postal Card, naming any Book you may desire, and we shall quote price by return mail. SPECIAL TERMS TO LIBRARIES. Libraries and parcels of books bought. MAMMOTH CATALOGUE FREE. LEGGAT BROS. 81 CHAMBERS ST., NEW YORK. Third door West of City Hall Park. Choice and Rare Books. C. J. PRICE, 1004 Walnut St., Philadelphia, invites the attention of book buyers to his collection of Rare Americana. First Editions of Dickens, Thackeray, Leigh Hunt, etc. Books illustrated by Cruikshank; "Phiz," Leech, Rowlandson and Seymour; Rare Collections of Portraits, Dramatic Biography and the Drama; best Editions of Standard Authors; Facetiae; choicely illustrated French and English Works, &c., &c. A new priced catalogue just ready and will be sent to any address on application. Send 2-cent Stamp for NEW CATALOGUE OF AMERICAN LITERARY AUTOGRAPH LETTERS. WALTER R. BENJAMIN, 28 WEST 23RD STREET, NEW YORK CITY. FINE ART. JUST PUBLISHED. "LOETITIA." Portrait of MISS BARKER Engraved in the "Bartolozzi" manner by Stodart of London, after Cosway. Size, without margin (oval). 12x9 inches. 160 signed artist's proofs only, $12.00. N.B.--In view of the very low rate at which these proofs are now published, the right is reserved to advance this price without further notice as soon as the edition becomes scarce. Descriptive circular sent upon application. FRED'K KEPPEL & CO., 20 East 16th St., NEW YORK. 328 MICKLE ST., CAMDEN, N.J., August 22nd, 1889. The pictures have come, and the 6 large seated and body 3/4 please me perfectly--as well as any I ever sat for (& that's saying a good deal, for I have sat to all the dons in New York--and in all the cities too from Boston to New Orleans). But I want a dozen of them, not 6 as you sent. Please print me six more, same style, on the large plain cards, and I will send over for them in about a week. Walt Whitman. To F. GUTEKUNST, Photographer, 712 ARCH ST., PHILA. MEMORIAL TABLETS of any description erected in Schools, Colleges, Libraries, Chapels, Churches and Public Buildings. Send for illustrated hand-book. J. & R. LAMB, 59 Carmine St., N.Y. HANDY Binder to hold current volume of THE CRITIC will be sent post-paid to any address for One Dollar. Address TH CRITIC CO., 52 Lafayette Place, New Yor HENRY BLACKWELL, BOOKBINDER, UNIVERSITY PLACE AND TENTH STREET, NEW YORK. Levant binding, extra illustrating, inlaying, cleaning and repairing a specialty. TIFFANY GLASS AND DECORATING COMPANY FURNISHERS & GLASS WORKERS: DOMESTIC & ECCLESIASTICAL DECORATIONS MEMORIALS 333 TO 341 FOURTH AVENUE NEW YORK N.B.--WE WILL ESTEEM THE MENTION OF THIS PAPER A FAVOR. DRY GOODS. Arnold, Constable & Co. Spring Cottons. "FRERES KOECHLIN'S" Printed Organdies, Mulls, Sateens, Batistes, Cotton Crepons and Crepes, Percales and Cheviot Shirtings, Plain and Fancy Piques. "D. & J. ANDERSON'S" CELEBRATED SCOTCH ZEPHYRS. Texture and durability unsurpassed. Broadway & 19th St. NEW YORK. THE NEW YORK CENTRAL Styled by the Press of Two Continents, "AMERICA'S GREATEST RAILROAD All Trains arrive at and depart from Grand Central Station, Fourth Avenue and 42d St., New York. Cavanagh, Sandford & Co., Merchant Tailors and Importers, 16 West 23d Street, Opposite Fifth Avenue Hotel, N. Y. All the latest London fabrics regularly imported. Ladies Top Coats, Riding Habits, etc.[*Horace L Traubel from J Johnston.*] No. 2763. APRIL 2, 1892. VOL. 100. THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS. CHANCERY LANE SAFE DEPOSIT. Established to provide by means of FIRE-PROOF and BURGLAR-PROOF SAFES and STRONG-ROOMS an INVULNERABLE secret and INEXPENSIVE DEPOSITORY for TITLE DEEDS, JEWELLERY, and VALUABLES of EVERY DESCRIPTION. Writing, Waiting, and Telephone Rooms for use of Renters Free of Charge. A separate room provided for Ladies. The demand for STRONG-ROOMS and SAFES necessitates a further EXTENSION, and a large number of New Ones are now being constructed. Annual Rent of Safes, 1 to 5 Gs. Annual Rent of Strong Rooms, 8 to 90 Gs. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS, "STRONG ROOMS, LONDON," TELEPHONE NO. 2575. PROSPECTUS and CARD of Admission to View, post free on application to the Manager, 61 and 62, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON, W. C. VAN HOUTEN'S COCOA PERFECTLY PURE. EASILY DIGESTIBLE. is the ORIGINAL Pure Soluble Cocoa. ALL OTHERS ARE IMITATIONS. HEALTH says: "ITS PURITY IS BEYOND QUESTION." "ONCE USED, ALWAYS USED." FRY'S PURE CONCENTRATED COCOA A DELIGHTFUL BEVERAGE FOR BREAKFAST OR SUPPER. EXCEEDINGLY NUTRITIOUS, EASILY DIGESTED AND ASSIMILATED. GOLD MEDALS, 1884-86. Used in the Royal Nurseries. THE BEST FOOD FOR INFANTS. SAVORY AND MOORE, LONDON. In Tins, 1s., 2s., 5s., and 10s. each. Obtainable everywhere. Ask for MARTELL'S "THREE STAR" BRANDY. THE WELL-KNOWN FINE OLD COGNAC. Of all Wine Merchants and Grocers. At every Bar and Restaurant. Champion's Vinegar. For First-Class JELLIES Always Use NELSON'S OPAQUE GELATINE. TRADE MARK. "Well known and appreciated in Geo. Nelson almost every household throughout the kingdom."—Lady's Pictorial. "NELSON'S HOME COMFORTS," a useful Book of Recipes, by Mary Hooper, Author of "Little Dinners," &c. "May be heartily recommended."—Queen. To be obtained gratis from GEO. NELSON, DALE, & CO., Limd., 14, Dowgate Hill, LONDON, E. C. LONDON LIFE ASSOCIATION 81, KING WILLIAM STREET, LONDON, E. C. Established 1806. Funds in Hand, £4,000,000. LIFE ASSURANCE WITHOUT A MIDDLEMAN, SAVING TO THE ASSURED at least One Shilling in every Pound paid in Premiums. HORLICK'S MALTED MILK. Cheapest and Best Food for Infants, Invalids, and the Aged. Not to be Cooked. No Milk to be added. Simply to be dissolved in Water. Of all Chemists. Prices: 1s. 6d., 2s. 6d., and 11s. per Bottle. Sample, with Medical Testimony, FREE, on application to MALTED MILK COMPANY, 39, SNOW HILL, LONDON, E. C. MILWARD'S NEEDLES. The Wonderful Calyx-Eyed. Invaluable for Failing Sight. SOLD BY ALL DRAPERS. Elkington's Electro- Plate AT MODERATE PRICES. QUALITY GUARANTEED. New Illustrated Catalogues Post Free. ELKINGTON & CO., LTD., 22, REGENT ST., S. W., & 42, MOORGATE ST., E. C. BIRMINGHAM, LIVERPOOL, & MANCHESTER, And at Sydney, N. S. W., Melbourne, and Calcutta. GOLD MEDAL, PARIS, 1887. JOSEPH GILLOTT'S STEEL PENS. SOLD BY ALL STATIONERS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. IN PATENT AIR-TIGHT TINS. NEAVE'S FOOD. FOR INFANTS, CHILDREN, INVALIDS, THE AGED. BEST AND CHEAPEST. Established 1825. PRICE SIXPENCE; BY POST, SIXPENCE-HALFPENNY. OFFICE, 198, STRAND, LONDON, W. C.THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS.—APRIL 2, 1892.—2. MORTIMER'S DYE WORKS, PLYMOUTH. ESTABLISHED 1773. FOR SUPERIOR DYEING AND CLEANING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES. Chief LONDON Office— 488, HARROW ROAD, W. Agencies throughout the Kingdom. Parcels sent direct to the Works by Post or Rail receive prompt attention. ALFRED CARTER, 47, HOLBORN VIADUCT, E.C. BATH CHAIRS, £1 7s. Self-Propelling Chairs, £2; Patent Reading Machine, from 17s. 6d.; Bed Tables, from 10s. 6d.; Carrying Chairs, 20s. ; Air and Water Beds, Cushions, &c. Portable W.C.'s, £6. Electric Bells, 16s. 6d. Bidets, £1 15s. Crutches, 10s. 6d. Spinal Carriages, £2 10s. Portable Turkish Bath, £2 10s. SELF GUIDING PRICE – £16. Bed Rests, 10s. Adjustable Couches, from £2 2s. Bassinette Perambulators, 4 Rubber Wheels, 35s. ALFRED CARTER, 47, HOLBORN VIADUCT, E.C. Illustrated Catalogues, 208 pp., Post-free. No connection with any other Firm. Wm. PAUL & SON, WALTHAM CROSS. The "Athenæum" says:—"The Roses of Mr. Paul are things to see once and dream of for ever." The "Graphic" says:—"Mr. Paul is famous for his Roses all over the world." Close to Waltham Cross Station G.E.R. Priced Catalogues free by post. PAULS' ROSES 250 Acres of Land, in three counties. Everything for the Garden. The "Standard" says:—"Mr. Wm. Paul has been deservedly placed at the head of English Rose-growers." The "Journal of Horticulture" says:—"The Roses at Waltham Cross are, as they always are, in fine condition." IMPORTANT.—Observe the Christian Name. Goods packed, by experienced hands, for all parts of the world. Wm. PAUL & SON, WALTHAM CROSS, HERTS. Paris International Exhibition, 1889. HIGHEST AWARD, SILVER MEDAL. NO AWARD WAS GIVEN to any English or Continental-made Lawn Mowers! THE PERFECTED "PENNSYLVANIA" AMERICAN LAWN-MOWER. IMPORTANT IMPROVEMENTS FOR 1892. "We strongly recommend the "Pennsylvania.' " —Field. PERFECTION OF EASY WORKING AND EFFICIENCY. The only American Lawn Mower fitted with Six Cutting Blades. It will mow grass closely and smoothly, and with half the labour of the best English Machines. All sizes up to largest (21 in.) can be worked easily by one man. ONE MONTH'S FREE TRIAL ALLOWED. Carriage paid to all Stations. Price Lists and Testimonials from LLOYD, LAWRENCE, & CO., 34, WORSHIP STREET, LONDON, E.C., and all Ironmongers and Seedsmen. SPICKERNELL'S POSITIVE CHILBLAIN CURE. Do not let your Children or Friends suffer from Chilblains when the above will Cure them at once. In Boxes, 7½d. and 1s. 1½d., or, by Post, 10d. and 1s. 4d. Of all Chemists, or direct from MRS. SPICKERNELL, 119, NIGHTINGALE ROAD, WOOD GREEN, LONDON, N. HAT PINS SUPERSEDED! BY AUSTIN'S PATENT HAT FASTENERS. These fasteners completely supersede the dangerous long pins, and do not spoil the hat. Cheap, easily adjusted, and will keep the hat securely fastened in the most boisterous weather. OF ALL DRAPERS AND LADIES' OUTFITTERS. WHOLESALE ONLY OF ROWLEY HARTLEY, & AUSTIN, 53, ALDERMANBURY, E.C. Bovril THE GUARANTEED PRODUCT OF PRIME OX BEEF FOR HEALTH & STRENGTH. BOVRIL BOVRIL MADE FROM PURE BEEF ONLY FIFTY TIMES MORE NOURISHING THAN MEAT EXTRACT OR BEEF TEA. BARFORD AND PERKINS' PATENT WATER BALLAST ROLLERS, for Gardens, Tennis Courts, Cricket Grounds, &c. THOUSANDS IN USE. Diameter Weight Full, and Width. cwt. qrs. PRICE. 18 in. 3 3 £3 21 in. 5 1 £4 24 in. 7 0 £5 27 in. 10 0 £7 30 in. 13 0 £10 Carriage Paid and Discount for Cash. The best, and weight for weight the Cheapest Rollers in the Market. PATENT WATERBALLAST ROLLER Single or Double Cylinder. 129 "GODIVA" LAWN MOWERS, THE LATEST AND BEST ENGLISH MACHINES, with Improved Pinless Chain. Winners of the last Great Trials of the Royal Horticultural Society of England. A Month's Free Trial allowed. Address, PETERBOROUGH. FIRE PROTECTION & WATER SUPPLY TO MANSIONS, ESTATES, FARMS, &c. Write for Merryweathers' Practical Pamphlet, 1s. The above describes their system of Water Supply and Fire Protection, and is worthy the attention of Country Gentlemen, it being a practical pamphlet, giving valuable Suggestions based on actual experience. THE "SQUIRE'S" ENGINE," Illustrated above, will throw Two Powerful Jets for Fire Extinction, or Pump 120 Gallons of Water per Minute for Water Supply, Get up Steam in 15 Minutes, Drive a Dynamo for Electric Lighting, or Work a Circular Saw, Chaff-Cutter, Dairy or other Machinery. ELECTRIC LIGHTING & FIRE PROTECTION Gentlemen who are fitting up their houses with the Electric Light should consult Merryweather and Sons, who can arrange to utilise the Power available for Fire Extinction by means of their special machinery. INSPECTION OF MANSIONS.—Merryweather and Sons have a special staff of Fire Inspectors, and arrange for Periodical Inspection of Fire Appliances in any part of the country. FEVERS IN MANSIONS rendered impossible by Merryweathers' Hydraulic Sewer Flusher. MERRYWEATHER & SONS, 63, LONG ACRE, & GREENWICH ROAD, LONDON. BUY YOUR HORSE CLOTHING AND HORSE RUGS DIRECT FROM THE MANUFACTURERS. A GREAT SAVING EFFECTED. New Spring Patterns. New Designs. Perfect Fit. ALL PURE WOOL. Write for PATTERNS, sent POST FREE, to The Westmorland Woollen Co., Kendal. London Agency for Horse Clothing, 13, Berkeley St., Piccadilly, W. ALLAN'S ANTI-FAT PURELY VEGETABLE. Perfectly Harmless; Will reduce 2 to 5 lb. a week: acts on the food in stomach preventing its conversion into Fat Sold byallChemists. Send stamp for pamphlet. BEFORE AFTER. BOTANIC MEDICINE Co., 3, NEW OXFORD ST., W.C. THE LUXURY OF THE AGE. LADIES' & CHILDREN'S SANITARY UNDYED HAND-WOVEN COMBINATIONS, VESTS, SLIP BODICES, &c. These goods are woven in Merino, Spun Silk, and Pure Silk; also in Natural Undyed and white Sanitary Wools; and being made in a great variety of textures, from the finest Gauze to the thickest Cashmere, are suitable for all climates. The great advantage claimed by James Pearse & Co.'s Sanitary Underclothing is that every garment is skilfully shaped on anatomical principles and made to measurements, so that perfect fit can be guaranteed. Double thickness can be woven in any part where extra strength is required. Ladies' and Children's Cashmere, Spun Silk, Pure Silk, and Lisle Thread Stockings are woven with double toes, heels, and knees, and can be re-footed when required. Please write for Price-List and Directions for Self-Measurement. All Goods Carriage Paid. KINDLY NAME THIS PAPER. JAMES PEARSE & COMPANY, MANUFACTURERS, 170 & 171, FORE STREET, EXETER. No. 1, 22 6; No. 3, 35/-, THE "LABALLE" AIR GUN ILLUSTRATED LIST POST FREE These guns are of much sounder construction than the ordinary Gem Air Guns, and they shoot with from 30 to 50 per cent. greater force. SECONDHAND SHOT GUNS AND RIFLES by first-class makers. We have about 1000 for sale by A. Lancaster, Grant, Purdey, Woodward, Boss, and other good makers, at prices ranging from 60s. to £30; also a large number of Muzzle-Loading Guns and Rifles. Our New Price-List, with illustrations, Now Ready. The Cheapest Firm in England for Reliable Weapons. 12-bore Green Cartridges, 6/- per 100; Best Quality, 8/- Schultze Cartridges, 9/-. W. J. JEFFERY & CO., WHOLESALE GUNMAKERS, 60, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. A Laxative and Refreshing Fruit Lozenge, most agreeable to take. TAMAR INDIEN GRILLON, FOR CONSTIPATION, Hæmorrhoids, Bile, Headache, Loss of Appetite, Gastric and Intestinal Troubles. E. GRILLON, 69, Queen Street, LONDON, E.C. Sold by all Chemists.—A Box, 2s. 6d. The Lancet, Oct. 12, 1889, says:—"The medicament most pleasant to children, the Tamar Indien, is absent. An aperient which is as good as a bonbon from Boissier or Siraudin is so typical of French refinement and elegance in the little things of life, that it certanly should have held a prominent place." THE DEAF HEAR BY USING WALES' PATENT SOUND DISCS Which are the same to the ears as glasses are to the eyes. Positively Invisible. Worn months without removal. Book of particulars, 2stamps.—THE H. A. WALES CO., 62 & 63, New Bond St., London, W. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE POST FREE. CARTER 6A, NEW CAVENDISH ST., PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, W. LITERARY MACHINE For holding a book or writing desk,lamp, &c., in any position over an easy chair, bed or sofa, obviating fatigue and stooping, while reading or writing. Invaluable to invalids and students. A most useful gift. PRICES from £1. 1s. BREAKFAST-IN-BED TABLES Adjustable to any height or inclination, for reading or writing. PRICES from £2. 5s. INVALID COMFORTS Carrying Chairs from £1 Leg Rests, 10s. Reclining Boards, £1. 5s. Trapped Commodes £1 SELF-PROPELLING CHAIRS from £2. 2s. Hospital & Street Ambulance. Bed Rests, 1s. Bed Baths, 15s WALKING MACHINE for the Paralysed. Exercising Chairs, £5. 5s. Crutches, 10s. 6d. Electric Bells, £1. Urinals for Bed, 3s. 6d. Bed Lifts, £3. 10s. Portable W.C's, £6. Invalid's Robe. Adjustable Couches and Beds £3 Perambulators Rubber £1. 15s. Tyres IRON INVALID CHAIRS & CARRIAGES FOR HOT CLIMATES. BATH CHAIRS from £1.5/- ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE POST FREE. JOHN CARTER, 6A, NEW CAVENDISH ST., PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, W. THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS. REGISTERED AT THE GENERAL POST-OFFICE FOR TRANSMISSION ABROAD. No. 2763 - VOL. C, SATURDAY, APRIL 2, 1892. TWO WHOLE SHEETS SIXPENCE By Post, 6 1/2 D. P. NAVMANN A FORESTIER Hyeres 21st March 92 THE QUEEN'S ARRIVAL AT HYÈRES: LEAVING THE RAILWAY STATION. FROM A SKETCH BY OUR SPECIAL ARTIST ON THE RIVIERA.414 The Illustrated London News April 2, 1892 OUR NOTE BOOK. BY JAMES PAYN. The French journals are full of "sensibility" over M. Emonet's poems composed in his prison cell, previous to his well-deserved execution. They are, of course, highly sentimental, and, what is by no means of course, addressed to his wife. It seems to be imagined that literary inspiration is, under such peculiar circumstances, unparalleled, or, at least, unusual. But this is not the case. A good deal of literature has emanated from the condemned cell. We had a specimen of it, and a very bad one, quite lately from the Canadian murderer, Birchell. Mr. Jerry Abershaw inscribed on the walls of his prison various interesting incidents in his career, and even illustrated them (with cherry juice). His reflections were not at all similar to those put into the mouth of his condemned man by M. Victor Hugo. Eugene Aram, being unable to sleep on the night previous to his execution, dropped into poetry towards morning, though not altogether with success-- Come, pleasing Rest, eternal Slumber fall! Seal mine, that once must seal the eyes of all! Calm and composed my soul her journey takes; No guilt that troubles and no heart that aches. Adieu! thou sun, all bright like her arise; Adieu! fair friends, and all that's good and wise. Perhaps the most successful bard under the depressing circumstances in question was the Rev. William Dodd, D.D. and chaplain to the King, who had the misfortune to be hanged. On Feb. 2, 1777, he preached an admirable sermon at the Magdalen Chapel, and two days afterwards forged a bond for £4200, purporting to be signed by his pupil, the Earl of Chesterfield. His "Thoughts in Prison" are by no means without merit, and contain some touching passages- O dismal change! Now not in friendly sort A Christian visitor, to pour the balm Of Christian comfort in some wretch's ear. I am that wretch myself, and want--much want-- That Christian consolation I bestowed. His last words as he stepped on the scaffold, though illustrative of his characteristic self-confidence, were apt and striking: "This moment I am a spectacle for men; the next I shall be a spectacle for angels." -------------------- The Nursing Record is not, as some persons might imagine, for infants only, but deals with many matters interesting to adults. One of them is the science of pilltaking, which certainly concerns a large public. The general notion is to get over the operation as quickly as possible, and then to swallow something to take the taste out. For, "silver" it as we will, this universal remedy always leaves a flavour behind it that sends a shiver through the backbone. A female acquaintance of a contributor to the N.R. suggests putting the pill into the spout of the teapot and taking it immediately from that channel, when "it slips down beautifully"; but she confesses that this plan has its drawbacks, as on one occasion, after "placing" the article as usual, she forgot to take it, and the whole family got the benefit of it at tea-time. All over the world there is the same trouble with pills: in Scotland, where every direction is indicated by the points of the compass, a poor girl in a hospital once piteously complained to the house-surgeon that "she could na make them gae south"; but the secret of the teapot had not then been divulged. ------------ The fossil remains of extinct animals discovered in the neighbourhood of the Rocky Mountains are growing taller and taller. One gigantic lot, we read in Science Siftings, is now being transported to Washington, containing "reptiles as big as houses"-- not mere villa residences, but mansions --"some of them a hundred feet long; flying dragons with twenty-five-feet wings, and sharks as large as whales." If there were Zoological Gardens in those prehistoric times, it would have been worth while indeed to become a Fellow. The explanation of how these monsters got where they were found is that, being literally "armour-clad," they became "mired" when they went to drink, and the sediment covered up their colossal bones and saved them from decay. The antediluvian animals with which Londoners make acquaintance in the grounds of the Crystal Palace are like those out of a child's Noah's Ark when compared with these creatures. The Titanosaurus seems to have been the "boss" of the collection, for, though only fifty-five feet long, he had a habit of walking on his hind legs (which must have given him a very striking appearance) in order to browse upon the upper branches of trees, since (most fortunately) he was a vegetarian. The Iguanodon did the like, "using his huge tail for a support," like a locomotive campstool. He is an old friend of our Bank-holiday population, but the Brantosaurus is quite a novelty "from the antique." In the rock from which he was taken, we read, "is a perfect mould of one of the eyeballs with which he looked upon the world three millions of years ago" (exactly). All these interesting individuals will presently be on view in the National Museum at Washington, but in the meantime one hopes a prehistoric novel will be written to bring them in, as Nicholas Nickleby was asked by Mr. Crummles to compose a drama for his washing tubs. A shilling shocker which described a prehistoric young woman pursued by a Titanosaurus (instead of the ordinary bull), and rescued by her prehistoric young man mounted on a friendly Iguanodon, should have a large circulation. ----------- The latest invention in the way of explosive substances seems to be of a very delicate nature. If laid upon one string of a fiddle, we are informed upon scientific authority, it remains quiescent, but a string of a higher note sends it off at once (and everything else with in a mile of it). It requires very careful handling and no noise. One can imagine it quite harmless in the presence of a person who speaks grammatically, but to the last degree dangerous to anybody who leaves out his h's. The avalanches which used to come down with a vengeance if anybody laughed--or was it smiled?-- in their vicinity, must take a back seat in the company of these new explosives, so easily irritated and yet so difficult to "put out." ------------ If the "Polycycle Omnibus Company" imagine that the persons who use their machine will be willing to work it, they make a great mistake. They may "expect every passenger to do his share," but that only shows that their disposition is more sanguine even than those of the promoters of new companies generally are. Even the great Nelson, in encouraging his gallant seamen, was obligated to put the matter on very high grounds. "England," he said, "expects," &c. If it has been only "the steersman" who expected it (as is the case with the polycycle omnibus) very little work would have been got out of them. When the passengers have paid their pennies they will consider their responsibility at an end. Even if it should be otherwise, I fear there will be heartburnings and jealousies. Nobody, we may be sure, will be accused (as in trades unions) of working too much, but the contrary; and one can imagine persons with a turn for duplicity pretending to get very fatigued without pulling their weight. It will be the willing cycler that will have to draw the bus, and, unless he is urging his own wild career or that of his inamorata, he is a rarity. -------------- The great question of whether poetry is "inspired" or not has long agitated the literary bosom. Some say that a first-class poem is only a different thing from a second-class poem in that it is much better, but that no one can tell where excellence ends and inspiration begins. Others reply that such an argument is only to be expected from mechanical minds, to which "inspiration" is naturally an unknown quality. Well, now the matter is on a fair way to be settled. A butter company has offered a thousand pounds "in cash" to the person who shall write "the best poem upon the Chicago World's Fair, to be read or sung at the opening of the Centennial Exposition." The subject, however interesting, can hardly be called inspiring in the highest, holiest, music-of-the-spheres sense; and, if a great epic comes of it, the advocates of the inspiration theory will be vanquished. If it does not (which is just possible)--if the prospect of a thousand pounds does not evoke it--there must be something divine about poetical composition of the highest class which defies the law of supply and demand. ------------------ The late (political) conversion of the House of Commons to the principles of the Salvation Army has caused it to take the whole question of marriage into its Briarean hands. "If you are unmarried and do not know where to choose a partner" communicate at once with "Colonel" Barker, S.A., of the Matrimonial Bureau, and he will supply you (as per invoice) with "just what you want, somebody lovable and good." This is as it should be, and contrasts most favorably with the stipulations in the matrimonial papers for income or beauty. A Hallelujah lass is, no doubt, a desirable object (and less of an object, let us hope, without her bonnet), but one's only fear is that for the ordinary or garden man she would be just a little "too bright and good for human nature's daily food." It might be difficult, for example, for a gentleman with no taste for music (or a very delicate ear for it) to live up to her. But perhaps the "Colonel" has some imperfect specimens on hand, suitable for general consumption. --------------------------------- The absurdity of endeavoring to make all men think alike stands in no need of illustration. We read in a religious paper of a recent date these very remarkable examples of diversity of spirit in two congregations holding the same denominational views. One of the delegates of the Œcumenical Conference, when addressing his flock in Australia, happened to say that he had been accustomed to smoke tobacco occasionally, but had now resolved to give it up, whereupon the whole congregation struck up the Doxology, with an improvised alternation: "Glory to Heaven, I'm out of Hell." of a "watch-night service," on the other hand, held by the "Blue Ridge Conference," we read that it included Carlyle's "Ever- lasting Yea," an oyster supper, "a five-storey cake," and ice-creams. There seems to be a good deal of elasticity in this denomination. -------------- It would be nothing surprising were people found traveling in a better class than that for which they have purchased tickets, if no kind of penalty were attached to the act. A mere sense of right without law to back it goes a very little way with most of us. But the peculiarity of the case is that the thing is done neither for comfort nor economy--for the misdemeanor is almost always committed for very short distances, where the difference of price is but a few pence--but with the object of appearing to belong to a superior class of travelers than their own. With this delicate sensitiveness to social position, it seems strange that they should be callous to the possible humiliation of being haled out of the carriage, or accused of such a paltry offense in the presence of their fellow- passengers. Compared with this unpleasant contingency the subsequent fine or other penalty seems (and, indeed, is) a mere bagatelle. On the Great Northern Railway, we read that at Holloway alone last year 40,000 excess fares were collected! As there is no reason to suppose that the inhabitants of that neighborhood are more desirous to be taken to belong to "the classes" (i.e., the first class) than in the other metropolitan districts, what amazing snobbism this discloses! And yet we are all supposed to be getting so democratic! ------------------- It has been said (and, indeed, sung) in connection with the optimistic belief that his Satanic Majesty is no longer in existence, that, however this may be, it is certain "someone carries on the business still"; and so it is with many prejudices, as well as superstitions, which it is generally believed have been dead and buried these fifty years. Nobody, one would think, would in these days declaim against "promiscuous dancing," or discover wickedness in a Cinderella ball; but a divine in a northern county has been denouncing this amusement with such vigorous indignation that the pulpit could not contain him, and he had "to pace the church as he continued to address his hearers." It was--- As though you had taken sour John Knox To the ballet at Paris, Vienna, or Munich, Fastened him into a front row box And danced off the ballet in trousers and tunic; except that this divine was not fastened in. What is still more curious, the local newspaper is full of contributions from correspondents who support his views. There is a great and bitter cry in the drawing-room world that "dancing men" are growing rarer and rarer, but it does not seem to have reached these excellent persons. One very pretty touch in this homily was that "even the shameless Herodias" pirouetted alone, and would, "we may be sure," have shrunk from round dances. ---------------- A correspondent of the Writer complains that editors have a habit of returning rejected manuscripts folded in a different way from that in which they are sent- a proceeding which, it is stated with charming frankness, compels the thing to be rewritten in order that other editors may not discover that the article has already been sent elsewhere. What discloses this still more certainly, however, is the neglect of even the most constant of rejected contributors to erase certain figures on the top of their manuscripts, which mark its previous arrival at other doors. The manuscript is clean and neat, swept, so to speak, and garnished, often with a bow of coloured ribbon, and yet bears upon its very face this "damning spot." It may be also mentioned, if the matter of folding is really worth notice, that an injudicious method of sending manuscript is to roll it so tightly round that it can be only opened with a knife, like an oyster; another way, as the cookery books say, is to enclose some miserable little contribution so carefully, and in such a multitude of wrappers, that it suggests jewellery, which provokes disappointment. -------------------- The blood-drinking tree, "just discovered in Nicaragua," has, one fancies, been discovered before. "A Naturalist" describes to us with what difficulty he saved his faithful dog from its "sinuous fingers, each furnished with infinitesimal suckers." A lump of raw meat being thrown to them, the blood in it was drunk off, and the flesh thrown aside in five minutes. This may be very true, but, if so, it is only another plagiarism from fiction. In a book of short stories by Mr. Phil Robinson, published years ago, I remember an adventure described with this tree which throws that of the dog altogether into the shade. If our naturalist would bring this blood-drinker (a kind of weeping willow, only with crocodile tears) to Kew--or, more appropriately, perhaps, to the Zoological Gardens--he would set some reasonable doubts at rest and pocket a handsome honorarium. Moreover, he would be the first man to excite a dramatic interest in botany. ----------------------- Granny Morffew, the centenarian, on being asked to what causes she ascribed her longevity, gave a different reason from any which men of science have hitherto favoured us; she replied, "Hard work and hard eating." If she had said "hard drinking" it could hardly have more astonished her questioners, for though she used "hard" in the sense of "low" (as in the phrase, "low living and high thinking"), she confessed to the indulgence of an excellent appetite always on hand; it is even probable that she "bolted" her food, or, at all events, went at it, to use her homely metaphor, "like a navvy at a barrow." She "retained all her faculties," of course (all real centenarians do) "to the last," and they must have been very acute ones, for it is stated that being placed in charge of a gate to prevent cattle from straying off a common, "folks took it for a tollgate, and Granny never undeceived them." April 2, 1892 The Illustrated London News 415 A British Luxembourg. "On the condition that a gallery be prepared for their reception by June 30, 1892." Such was the concluding clause of a letter addressed by Mr. Tate to the Chancellor of the Exchequer when, on June 23, 1890, he offered "not less than fifty-seven pictures to the nation." We have heard much of the British Luxembourg since that day in June, endless articles have been written on the subject, numerous schemes have been proposed, a genteel flinging of mud has not been wanting, small prophets have shouted themselves hoarse, and yet to-day, within a couple of months of June 1892, we are further off a British Luxembourg than ever. This consummation has been achieved by a combination of small circumstances, often malevolent to another which, we cannot help thinking, might have worked towards an harmonious end had the disputants been a little more inclined to tolerance and less suspicious of motives and opinions which did not happen to coincide with their own. We may briefly state the outlines of the matter, though the schemes and counter-schemes, the proposal and cancelling of proposals, have been so varied that it is difficult to unravel the skein whose other end marks Mr. Tate's first offer of fifty- seven pictures to the nation in 1890. In making this proposal, Mr. Tate demanded that his collection should be kept intact, to which the Chancellor of the Exchequer made reply (quite justly) that "such a proviso is at variance with the general system of arrangement adopted by the National Gallery. We offer you, instead," said Mr. Goschen, "the Eastern and Western Galleries at South Kensington." The Government were well pleased with their proposal. They promised that the directorate should be an independent body, and all manner of distinguished persons visited the Eastern and Western Galleries and found they were very good. Things progressed extremely well, plans were prepared, and it seemed that at last the nucleus of a Luxembourg was ours when something happened: Mr. Tate declined this site. A little before this decisive event another scheme had been proposed which found adherents, even enthusiastic adherents, to the extent of subscribing thousands of pounds for the purpose; and that was to build the National Gallery of British Art in Kensington Gardens - an ideal scheme, hard to combat, but now gone, like "Hans Breitmann's barty," into the Ewigkeit. For the space of a summer day it seemed as if this was to be the scheme, when another turn was given to the kaleidoscope, for an anonymous donor, whom the New Journalism soon discouraged to be Mr. Tate himself, offered £80,000 to build a gallery. The Government, being a Government, at once "lay low," and appeared not disinclined to allow Mr. Tate tho site at South Kensington he made a sine quâ non proposal. No sooner was this announcement made than certain British scientists arose in great wrath, shouting that this plot of land had already been promised for the uses of a science museum. Somebody then proposed the Thames Embankment, but the Corporation, for reasons best known to themselves, would have none of the idea: another suggested the building of a new wing to the National Gallery, where the barracks now stand, but that never developed further than the bad stage. At this point a truce was called, or perhaps the various generals of the various plans felt that time must be requisitioned to clear the confusion into which, with such good intentions, things had fallen. But time was too slow for Mr. Spielmann's ardent spirit, so he wrote an article a month or two ago in the New Review - an admirable article, giving a temperate account of the whole affair, with suggestions. The "psychological moment" had come with a vengeance. Mr. Goschen found the Science Museum site impracticable, and offered yet another plot of land at South Kensington. Mr. Tate would have none of it, and withdrew his offer altogether with regrets and usual courtesies. Since then a bitter newspaper war has waged over the dead bones of the various schemes and the very living bones of the patriotic and generous gentleman who would have given so much. A small section of English writers, to whose Gallic susceptibilities anything English has the effect of a red rag dangled before the eyes of a bull, regard Mr. Tate in the light of a malefactor rather than a benefactor because he is an Englishman (for we can discover no other reason), because has has bought English pictures and wished to present them to his own countrymen. Readers of the Illustrated London News have had an opportunity during the past two weeks of studying the question from two standpoints. Mr. Spielmann has argued that Mr. Tate is a public benefactor; Mr. George Moore has protested that he is not. In these questions, as in all questions, it is well--nay, it is absolutely essential--to disabuse our minds of personal prejudices, and to take a wide, a tolerant, and a catholic view. There is as much divergence among painters as among art critics as to what is good and what is ill in their craft. Mr. George Moore has but five gods, but to him they are all Jupiters. Whistler, Degas--who does not know them? Mr. Moore has room for nobody else in his little world. Because temperament or training or policy has cast him at the feet of a few French painters of a particular and personal genius, he can see nothing but senseless mediocrity beyond the hedge of the fertile field wherein they sow and reap. Mr. Luke Fildes, because he does not out-Degas Degas, is anathema to him; Mr. Stanhope Forbe's mastery of technique is naught, because he does not see harmonies like a Whistler; and so on. Mr. Moore loves, we believe, to be known in the highways as a man of temperament and individuality, yet he denies temperament and individually to everybody else. Mr. Spielmann, on the other hand, while not denying a single excellence to Mr. Whistler or M. Degas, does not insist that art must begin and end with Mr. Whistler and M. Degas. He acknowledges other schools. The street that runs outside our home is not the only place where adventures may be sought, and the habits and customs of our opposite neighbours are not the only habits and customs of mankind. Neither Mr. Spielmann nor anything else pretends that Mr. Tate's collection is perfect; in fact, it is very far from perfect, but it is characteristic; moreover, he has himself said he would be amenable to suggestions as to its rearrangement. Had his gift been received in the proper spirit, had a little of that tact and consideration that we bring to private matters been imported into this public matter, we have no doubt that a ria media would have been found, and to-day we should have been regarding the tall walls of the National Gallery of British Art, and not bewailing the ingratitude of our confrères. Death of Walt Whitman. It is a touching coincidence that the author of the wonderful lines of welcome to Death which appear in the current number of Harper is now lying cold in his little house in Camden. Says the poet in Harper-- Of the broad, blessed light and perfect sir, with meadows, rippling tides, and trees, and flowers and grass, And the low hum of living breezes, and in the midst God's beautiful eternal right hand. Thee, holiest minister of heaven 0 thee, envoy, usherer, guide at last of all, Rich, florid loosener of the structure knot call'd life, Sweet, peaceful welcome - Death. The life which has come peacefully to an end--after repeated attacks of a paralysis--has had a suggestive relation to his work as the poet of the common human life of which his quaintly irresponsible muse, with its "barbaric yawp," was the embodiment. Whitman is, in some respects, a typical American--a man of the people, whose experience has run in the plain grooves of self-culture and earnest and unselfish work for his fellows. He was Anglo-Dutch by descent--that is to say, his father was English and his mother Dutch, the poet being born in the township of Huntingdon on May 31, 1819. His father was a carpenter, and Walt (originally Walter) Whitman seems to have had some apprenticeship to the trade. He turned from it to printing and school-mastering, and finally to the editing of a weekly newspaper. Journalising at New York, Brooklyn, and New Orleans, varied by travel, took him up to 1850, and then he turned to a spell of carpentering and house-building, which brought him in more money than he required. From this period dates his real poetical and social mission, of which the first literary fruit was the "Leaves of Grass," published in 1855. The poems were unrhymed, and unfettered by laws of metre, though they had a certain wild and irregular march-music of their own, which, like his later "Drum-Taps," seemed to echo to the din of the advancing feet of an uncounted army of humanity. The volume, however, attracted little notice, and had a small scale. A second edition appeared in 1856, and then came rather startling development in the series now called "Children of Adam," embodying Whitman's favourite cult of the "natural man," this time unsparingly realist in tone. A certain reputation came to Whitman from this book, though it was not the fame that he desired. Meanwhile, a practical interlude came in to relieve these first poetic essays. When the Civil War broke out Whitman followed the Northern Army of the Potomac, and did splendid service, and also made some splendid poetry. His work, however, was entirely in the hospital, in which he laboured till stricken down by malaria, which never quite left his giant frame. His reward for his work was a small appointment at Washington, which was cancelled because of some passages in the "Leaves of Grass," but he soon obtained another unimportant office. Then came more poetry, including the "Drum-Taps" and the lovely "President Lincoln's Funeral Hymn." Every cultivated person is familiar with the exquisite opening lines-- O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done; The ship was weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is won; The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring: But O heart! heart! heart! O the bleeding drops of red, Where on the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. A new edition of "Leaves of Grass" was followed by the remarkable "Democratic Vistas," which embodied Whitman's idea of a free expanding democracy. A paralytic attack in 1873 left him a complete invalid, and since then he never enjoyed full health; but he published some poems, and was able to direct the production of a volume entitled "Complete Poems and Prose of Walt Whitman, 1855-1888." Of late years the life of the "good, gray poet" went on placidly in his little home at Camden, the scene of constant pilgrimages by English and Americans. He was always poor, and never desired riches. He lived, in fact, the simple, free, natural life he loved to pictures in his wild musings and rough pictures of men and things. He is to be buried at Harleigh Cemetery. The Playhouses. By Clement Scott. The terrible functions known as trial or test matinees are perfectly harmless institutions so far as the general public is concerned. We now know what they cost, how they are organised, and what their object is. From the point of view of the author who has never had a hearing they are reasonable enough. He tells us that the commercial manager will not listen to him. I am not surprised at all; but there it is. He is tired of writing letters and waiting at stage doors. So he puts on his "considering cap," and believing thoroughly in his unseen masterpiece, argues that it would be better to bid for fame by the expenditure of say, £150 than by listening eternally to promises unfulfilled and the soft words that, in the case of the unheard author, butter no parsnips. The actor has also something to say on the subject of the matinée. The popular artist does not mind a valuable increase to this income, and the actor or actress out of work likes to be kept before the public, as it is called, and to earn a few guineas in dull times. They are harldy earned guineas, it is true, because one performance entails as many rehearsals as a regular run; still, on the principle that half a loaf is better than no bread, the matinée is grasped at as a godsend. Newspapers, with great generosity, have in recent years favoured both these forlorn hopes by commenting on crude dramatic literature and paying attention to what often proves scamped and immature work. If it were not charitably noticed in the Press, the trial matinée would soon be as dead as a door-nail. For the general public, the paying public, the playgoing public does not care one snap of the fingers for the trial matinée; it is the afternoon solace of deadheads and dilettani. If the commercial manager does not think that a play is worth producing, a fortieri the paying money. Of course the matinée that consists of a morning performance of a play in the high tide of success is a vastly different matter. The public likes it and rushes at it. It suits old playgoers and suburban residents. A matinée of "Henry VIII," or "Hamlet," or "A Fool's Paradise" or "Lady Windermereś Fan, "is a delightful institution. I am only speaking now of the "trial matinée" with which the public is wholly unconcerned. At last the unwelcome truth of all that has been urged against the dramatic amateur has been the victim of his own ambition. He has refused to take advice, and he has come to grief. If Mr. Calmour, who is an industrious and ambitious author, had submitted his play, "The Breadwinner" to a manager who understood his business, he would very probably have been told that it was not the kind of play that the paying public would be likely to support. If he had tested his play at a trial matinée, he would have been told, by means of criticism, that there were seamy sides in his composition. So he ignores friendly advice in two directions, and is so confident in his own judgment that he, like Mr. Henry Arthur Jones, takes the Avenue in order to produce his own play. He reckoned without his host--the British public. No doubt he thought it would all have gone as smoothly as it ever does at deadhead and hole-and-corner productions. But a play acted before the public that pays and one performed before friends who do not are very different things. Mr. Calmour must have the credit of his ambition. He bore his punishment, such as it was--I have seen much worse administered - with dignity, and he did not make a speech to tell us how enamoured he was with his own failure. "The Breadwinner" was laughed out of court as the majority of Ibsen's plays would have been sent to the crows had they not been bolstered up into sham security. But then, Mr. Calmour is not an Ibsen. Successes are not made by parroting style or manner, but by some intrinsic cleverness. If Mr. Calmour had only been able to see his play as others saw it, with free, fresh, and unbiassed minds, he would have seen how utterly absurd was his hero in action and sentiment. A more ridiculous figure was never seen on the serious stage. A certain section of unsexed women and ultra- feminine men may think it clever to worship the unnatural, but who in the wide world is supposed to sympathise with or take the slightest interest in this Dudley Chancellor, who was laughed at as much by the advanced school as the old? No doubt, as many have urged, the question how far the wife can aid the male bread-winner and still keep her proper place in the household is one of great interest. It is one that might and ought to make a very good play. It was tried years ago in a piece called "A Woman of Business"; but society has altered vastly since then, and the time has come for a new work which will deal liberally and cleverly with the subject. But has Mr. Alfred Calmour touched even the fringe of it? Has he gone farther than the hem of the garment? Has he succeeded in giving us a single type of modern man or woman, or interested any human being? I cannot think that he has. I pitied Mr. Lewis Waller and Miss Alma Murray. They must have known that was coming; they must have felt the ludicrousness of their position. All they could do was to bow their heads to the storm. Call a play a burlesque, and the people will laugh; but a play a burlesque as a serious treatise, and the audience will jeer. Had Mr. Calmour boldly called his play a skit on Ibsen, he would have been rewarded with as much applause as Mr. Barrie was when he chaffed the Norwegian dramatist at Toole's Theatre. But there is a more serious aspect of the case, and one that is worth considering in the interests of the drama. If the system is encouraged of dangling unripe fruit before the hungry public, their stomachs will probably ache as much as ours do whose lives are spent in tasting amateur plays. Just now the theatres can scarcely afford the lame help of amateurism. These are very bad times for art. The patron is sulky. The music-hall and the variety theatre are pressing the playhouse hard. Soon, and I am rejoiced at it, we shall have the little play and sketch allowed by law for the music-hall. The people will be allowed to go where they choose, and like what they select for their amusement, and art will not suffer from publicity. The greatest artist in the world are appreciated as much in the poor man's gallery as that of the rich. Handel and Mendelssohn are not disdained in the toiling East. Many of us believe that the freedom of the music-halls will mean the propagation of decency and light and order by means of art. This is not the time to disgust the public with the theatre by forcing on it an amateurism that makes men weary and women despair.THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, APRIL 2, 1892.—416 CHILDREN'S SHELTER, HARPUR STREET. The National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children has been nearly three years in operation, but is an extension of the London Society, which existed during five years previously to June 1889. Its chairman is the Duke of Abercorn, and the Earl of Aberdeen, Lady Iddesleigh, Lady Wharncliffe, Lady Knutsford, Lady George Hamilton, Lord Hugh Cecil, and other persons of rank or influence take an active part in its management. On March 24 there was a good public demonstration of its usefulness by the opening of a new house in connection with its shelter in Harpur Street, Theobald's Road. The Society has erected no costly building; it occupies three good old private dwelling-houses, adjacent to each other, connected by interior doors of access. The house recently opened may be regarded as the new right wing. The Marchioness of Salisbury performed this ceremony, an address having been presented to her ladyship by the Rev. Benjamin Waugh, the zealous honorary director of the Society's work. Speeches were made by the Duke of Abercorn, the Earl of Aberdeen, Mr. Haden Corser, and the Rev. Dr. Adler. it was explained that fifty or sixty children would be accommodated in the enlarged shelter. The Society's shelters are not homes: they are to provide temporary accommodation and protection for little sufferers whose parents have to be prosecuted. Children are sent also by order of the magistrates when they cannot determine the case at the first hearing from lack of evidence, which cannot be got at either in court or at the place where the child is in the control of those who have injured it. These shelters are used, too, for children whose parents are in prison, when children are brought to be nursed and fed, and at the expiration of their parents' imprisonment are returned under supervision. In this way many little ones have been rescued from starvation and ill-treatment. One result of this method is to secure convictions and sentences otherwise impossible on account of the children. The shelter, being readily available, with the approval of the police magistrates, is an aid to the operations of the Society as Public Prosecutor in cases of ill-treatment of children, whether by neglect, abandonment, exposure, starvation, beating, or other cruelties, or forcing them to go out begging in the streets. The Society has, since its commencement in 1884, dealt with 17,914 complaints, or charges, and has proved 16,013 cases to be true, of which 9862 were dealt with by a warning and by supervision afterwards, and 2509 were followed by a legal prosecution, obtaining 2326 convictions. These cases were not among the most destitute class of the poor; in only 396 cases were the actual wages of the father under twenty shillings a week, and the man could often have earned much more, but he cared only for his own wants. Idleness and drunkenness, or the mutual unfaithfulness of married or unmarried parents, and their enmity and spite, against each other, turning to the exercise of cruelty upon the children—avarice, too, finding temptation in the system of insuring sums of money payable on the death of children - have been the chief causes of this unnatural wickedness. In on year's official experience, 1298 of the victims were found to be insured for a gross total of £6019, being an average of £4 12s. 8d. for each child. Here is added, as Mr. Justice Wills once remarked, "to the temptation of getting rid of a very serious and unwelcome burthen also the temptation of what is, to those in charge of the children, an enormous sum of money in hand"; which must, he thought, have the result of considerably increasing the destruction of children. Many coroners, medical men, and relieving officers have expressed the same opinion, but the subject has been investigated by WDA 82 CHILDREN'S SHELTER, HARPUR STREET, BLOOMSBURY: IN THE NURSERY. F. TAYLOR & CO. W. D. ALMOND. MEETING OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO CHILDREN: DUKE OF ABERCORN SPEAKING. committees of both Houses of Parliament, and my require further legislation. The Act of 1889 has much facilitated the operations of this Society and kindred agencies or efforts to obtain legal protection for children by giving a locus standi for prosecutions, independently of the poor-law guardians who might have been put to expense for relief, by enabling an innocent parent, and the child itself, to give evidence, by authorising the action of the police, and by sanctioning the appointment of new legal guardianship. We are decidedly of opinion that a Society of this kind is needful; and it is so far averse to casting reproach, especially on the poorer classes, that it proclaims the vice of cruelty to children, in general, "as no way related to education or to material conditions, either as to dwelling or income or dress; these affect only the manner of it, not its existence." A distressing instance has lately occurred in a family of high position, seeming to confirm this observation. What is most desirable is to establish the maxim that the ill-treatment of infants is an offence committed against the public, which ought to be a truth not less obvious than the public duty of providing older children with school instruction. This Society has now its Aid Committees in such town s as Birmingham, Leeds, Bristol, and over sixty other places in England, with regular inspectors employed, and a few in Wales and in Ireland. Its work is thoroughly methodical and systematic, in the capacity of Chief Constable and Solicitor-General, for the protection of injured little ones averaging three years and a half in age. It has been found necessary in only 173 cases out of 6413 to separate parent and child, that the child's health and life might be preserved; but most of the children at the Harpur Street Shelter are temporary inmates, for a few weeks or months, until security can be obtained for their proper care by those to whom they belong. We fell sure that a visit to that establishment, which is furnished and adorned like a Home, partly with gifts from well-appointed private houses, and where the babies are often RT & Co CHILDREN'S SHELTER: FIRE-ESCAPE PRACTICE. dressed in bright clothing that has done service in respectable families, will cheer the heart of any benevolent person who sees how easy it is to make little children happy. In the boys' school-room and play-room, in the girls' sewing-room, in the nursery, in the clean, airy sleeping-rooms, with their beds or cots as good as could be wished in any home, there is none of the oppressive uniformity of workhouse wards; and the behaviour of the children is free and gladsome. Some of them, on the day of the public visitation, were trained to exhibit an astonishing feat of courage, descending a fire-escape from the second-floor front windows into the street— boys, girls, and infants successively, under skilful direction, a performance which they highly enjoyed, for London "gutter children" are not apt to be physical cowards. They have games, pictures, dolls for the small girls, and various playthings; they learn to read and write and do sums. Many of them are still as innocent as the charming toddlers and prattlers in the safe nursery of the most opulent and best-regulated household; yet the signs of cruel past sufferings, of bodily privation, feebleness, and imperfect growth are sadly visible, and there are traces of wild animal terror on some puny faces which tell of violent deeds and outrages that one dares not imagine. What will become of them when they go back? A sorrowful question, indeed; but their sojourn at the Children's Shelter will be a lifelong memory of comfort and kindness, and some of them, we trust, will hereafter gain, by their own good conduct, a secure and respectable livelihood far from those miseries of their infancy, which it cannot be amiss to relieve. THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, APRIL 2, 1892.—417 R. Caron Woodville. BARGAINING IN THE BAZAAR AT DELHI.418 THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS APRIL 2, 1892 PERSONAL. Colonel Kitchener, who is to succeed Sir F. Grenfell as Sirdar of the Egyptian Army, though not yet two-and-forty, has had an arduous and adventurous career as solider and explorer, and has shown himself repeatedly to be a man of resource and ability. He is the eldest son of Colonel Henry Kitchener, who is still alive, and a first cousin of the charming and accomplished wife of Dr. Peile, the Vice- Chancellor of Cambridge University. Colonel Kitchener obtained his commission as lieutenant in IMAGE Caption: COLONEL H. H. KITCHENER, R.E., The New Commander-in-Chief of the Egyptian Army. 1871, and three years later he joined the survey of Western Palestine under Captain Conder. In 1875 he returned to England, and two years were spent in laying down the magnificent map of the Palestine Exploration Fund. In 1877 he was in sole command of the exploring party who executed the survey of Galilee, returning home in the following year. On the administration of Cyprus being taken over by Great Britain, he was sent there to organise the land courts, and was next appointed Vice-Consul of the country about Erzeroum. In 1881 he returned to Cyprus, and made an exhaustive survey of the island. In the following year he volunteered for the Egyptian Army, then being organised by Sir Evelyn Wood, and much of the work of training the native soldiers devolved upon him. The expedition for the relief of Khartoum saw Major Kitchener in the post of danger at Debbeh, where he strove, with his accustomed energy, to maintain communication with Gordon, his failure to do so being no fault of his own. He returned to England after the catastrophe at Khartoum, was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and was made a temporary Commissioner at Zanzibar in 1885. In 1886 he was made Governor-General of the Red Sea littoral and Commandant at Suakim. He advised the successful operations against the Dervishes in 1888, and was made a C.B. for the action at Toski in the following year. One of the oldest English residents in Italy, a witness of all the incidents belonging to the misrule of the "Two Sicilies" - that is to say, Naples and the island of Sicily - under the Bourbon kings, overthrown by Garibaldi in 1860, and now part of the Italian national kingdom, died on March 26; this was Mr. Henry Wreford, correspondent of the Times for thirty years past, but previously of the Daily News. Mr. Wreford's ample reports of the cruel treatment of the Neapolitan political martyrs, Baron Carlo Poerio, Professor Settembrini, Silvio Spaventa, and many others, leading members of the constitutional Legislature in 1848, who, for the sole offence of defending its legal rights, were imprisoned ten years in the noisome dungeons of Ischia and Procida, were strictly accurate in every detail. They furnished the material of Mr. Gladstone's celebrated "Letter to Lord Aberdeen," in 1851, and secured for the Neapolitan patriots, when they came to England in 1859, a remarkable outburst of public sympathy. Mr. Wreford died at Capri, in the Bay of Naples, at the age of eighty-five. The death of Mr. Graham Wilmot Brooke has added another name to the list of Englishmen who have died in attempting to evangelise the Dark Continent. Born twenty- seven years ago, he was the son of Lieutenant-Colonel Brooke, of Redhill. For some years he had been keenly interested in African affairs, and had sought to enter the Soudan from the Congo and Morocco before he joined the staff of the Church Missionary Society as an honorary member in 1890. Mr. Wilmot Brooke had clearly defined ideas about missionary methods, and the courage to put them into execution. It was his belief that by using native habits of life and dress he could remove the strong antipathy to Europeans which had helped to hinder work on the upper waters of the Niger. He tried his experiment, and with admitted success. But the French movements had stirred Mohammedan feeling to a dangerous pitch, and it was feared that Lokoja - Mr. Brooke's station - might become untenable for Europeans. He declined, however, to leave, sent away the ladies of the party, and stayed at his post to die of the blackwater fever - that severe malady which some months ago carried off a singularly able Cambridge colleague, Mr. J. A. Robinson. Paolo Mantegazza, the well-known Italian anthropologist, to whom is confided the care of the Florentine Museum of Ethnography and Anthropology, has arranged some rooms in the building on an entirely new plan of his own invention, which he calls a psychological museum. In this he endeavours to class psychologically, as well as anthropologically, the salient traits of all peoples and all times. A rich Maltese gentleman, Borg de Balzan, a Florentine by election, has given 40,000 francs for the foundation of this new museum, and it is hoped that others may follow his example. The idea is certainly as new as it is original, and likely to prove of great value to students of anthropology. The objects exhibited are classed in the cases that contain them under headings such as "Vanity," "Religious Sentiment," "Cruelty," "Love of Property," "Caricature," and so forth. To give an idea of how these headings are illustrated: thus, in the case labelled "Vanity" are to be seen some of those artificial breasts, made of wire and worked by springs, which the Roman ladies wore. Under the heading "Property" are to be seen a rich collection of keys, locks, bolts, and so forth, and their progressive complications of workmanship as the centuries aged and mankind grew more and more jealous of preserving intact their possessions. Human cruelty is but too well represented by instruments of torture, of which the Inquisition had so large and so varied a stock. Among the weapons of treachery is seen a Corsican dagger, which is said to have served for the vendetta of five generations of Casablanca against five generations of Casanera. The new Dean of Argyll and the Isles bears a name familiar to more than one generation of schoolboys and undergraduates. Canon A. J. Macleane is the youngest son of the late Rev. Arthur John Macleane, whom some will remember as first Principal of Brighton College, and many as the editor of "Horace," "Juvenal," and other classics. Mr. Macleane went from Eton to King's, Cambridge, in 1876. In 1880 he graduated as ninth Wrangler, and in the same year was Jeremie Prizeman. Mr. Macleane worked for two years as lecturer at his own college and at Selwyn, but in 1882 he was ordained in St. John's, Ballachulish, and settled down to church work in the Highlands. His success has been rapid and remarkable. He started a new mission at Portree and Stornoway, and roused to life the dormant church feeling of more than one district. Mr. Macleane was made an hon. canon of Cumbrae in 1883, and in 1886 went to the East as head of the Archbishop of Canterbury's mission to the Syrian Christians. He returned to Skye in 1891, and now succeeds to the deanery vacant by the death of the late Reginald John Mapleton. Mr. Dalziel, the new member for the Kirkcaldy Burghs, is a young journalist of twenty-five, who has for some time acted as the London correspondent of the Scottish Leader. He is a good-looking, modest, and able young man, who has played some part in advanced democratic politics in London, while his popularity among his journalistic friends was shown by a dinner given in his honour by his old colleagues in the Lobby. Mr. Dalziel delivered a successful maiden speech in the debate on the payment of members. Sir Andrew Agnew, Bart., who has just died, after a short illness, at Lochnaw Castle, Wigtonshire, in his seventy-fifth year, was the head of one of the oldest families in the south of Scotland. As long ago as the middle of the fifteenth century, Andrew Agnew, then Constable of Lochnaw, had the hereditary office of Sheriff of Wigton conferred upon him - a post held by the representative of the Agnew family till 1747, when hereditary jurisdiction was abolished. The first baronet in the family was Sir Patrick, who received that honour in 1629 and represented Wigton in Parliament. The late baronet, who was the eighth holder of the title, was formerly in the 93rd Highlanders, and served with that regiment during the rebellion in Canada in 1838. He retired early from the service, and after the death of his father, in 1849, resided principally on his estate. Sir Andrew sat as Liberal member for Wigtonshire from 1856 to 1868. He was married to Lady Louisa Noel, eldest daughter of the first Earl of Gainsborough, and is succeeded in the family honours by his eldest son, Mr. Andrew Noel Agnew, who is a barrister, and was born in 1850. The Duchesse d'Uzes is shortly going to bring out another novel under her nom-de-guerre of "Manuela." Notwithstanding her connection with the Boulangist party and her well-known Legitimist views, she is one of the most popular women in France. Nee de Mortemart, the Duchesse inherited the immense Cliquot champagne fortune, and her kindness of heart and many of her brilliant business qualities are inherited from her grandmother, the redoubtable Veuve Cliquot herself. Although author and sculptor, she yet finds time to be the only lady M.F.H. in Europe, for hunting is with both Madame d'Uzes and her four children the one thing in life worth living for during at least three months of the year. Since the downfall of Boulanger she has abandoned all interest in political life, and her relations with the Comte de Paris and his family have become strained, owing, it is said, to the part she and her son-in-law, the Prince de Ligne, took in the Duke of Orleans foolish escapade. The Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's meet now and then with a good deal of criticism, but are not deterred from going their own way. It is well understood, for example, that many persons regard City livings as convenient sinecures, and labour accordingly to obtain them. But the Dean and Chapter prefer working clergy, and have accordingly given the important rectory of St. Michael Bassishaw to the Rev. J. Stephen Barrass, secretary of the Church of England Young Men's Society. Mr. Barrass is one of those clergy who have deserted the law for the gospel, and, although still under thirty, he has already had a wide and even romantic experience of life in many quarters of the globe. Mr. Barrass will, of course, make St. Michael's the centre of a vigorous work among young men. M. Rochefort may smile at the fresh penalty which has been inflicted on him by the authorities in France. He has been sentenced to twelve months' imprisonment for libelling the Public Prosecutor, who was one of the chief assailants of General Boulanger. But considering that M. Rochefort is already under sentence of imprisonment for life for his share in the Boulangist conspiracy, this superfluity of punishment may enliven his exile with a touch of irony. OUR PORTRAITS. We are indebted to Messrs. Russell and Sons, 17, Baker Street, for our view of the Oxford crew practising and the portrait of the Earl of March; and to Mr. A. Bassano, 25, Old Bond Street, for that of Colonel H. H. Kitchener. RECOLLECTIONS OF WALT WHITMAN. The news of Walt Whitman's death, long expected, has come at last none the less disturbingly. To those of us who have known him personally, his loss - old man as he was, his poet's career ripely completed - leaves indeed a black and deep mark in the calendar of the heart. He himself, as he confessed, grew to wish for the escape from the long imprisonment in his heroic sick-chamber, and was ready to welcome death. In his philosophy it ranked even cheerfully, and his sense of it became more and more serene as it drew nearer. But now that he is gone, however happily - and we recall him as we saw him in the little house in Camden, the noblest of noble old men, the most kindly and hospitable of hosts - the thought of his death rather upsets, I am afraid, for the time being the hopeful philosophy of the death-chamber, which we try to accept with him. Now one harks back with tenfold feeling to the recollections of even the most casual words and effects of one's personal contact with him, and turns almost into a sacrament in memory some simple occasion when one broke bread at the poet's table. It was one winter's night, a few days before the Christmas of 1887, when, in a spirit of pilgrimage, I first found my way to Walt Whitman's door. I had travelled that day out of the restless whirl of New York and reached Camden, via Philadelphia, passing down the broad causeway of the main street of the latter city under a bewildering cross-fire of electric lights, on the way to the Camden ferry. This passage of the broad waters of the Delaware, which Walt Whitman has so often celebrated in "Leaves of Grass" and elsewhere, and which became a daily incident of my visits to him, made an admirable prelude, as it were, to the discussion with him of Democratic America. "As I live in Camden, he said once, "I naturally look out on things from that point of view - the ferries and the sights of the Delaware!" As we know, he was never tired of referring in his writings to the delights of those riverside effects, and of the river or seagoing craft on the Delaware or the Hudson. In Camden I found the electric light dominating all as I passed along its main thoroughfare, and then, dazzled by the glare, stumbled awkwardly enough over an intervening railroad-track into the darkness and quiet of Mickle Street, which lies apart from the bustle of the town. Here I made out with some difficulty the door of No. 328, and knew the end of my pilgrimage. Many foreign pilgrims have hesitated at that door, wishing, no doubt, as I did, for more heroic credentials to bring to the poet of the heroic in modern life. But Whitman made no such demands upon his guests; he was perfectly democratic in his welcome, as it proved when, the door opening, a flood of light streamed hospitably along the passage from a room at its other end, where, at a first glance, could be seen the master of the house himself, seated at the early supper-table, to which he at once simply welcomed me. So many good portraits of Walt Whitman exist that there is little need to add to them here in attempting to make readers realise in what a massive and noble mould the dead poet was cast. No portrait, however, could really convey the full impressiveness of his visible form, even in his seventieth year, after long illness and great suffering - without exception, the most striking presence I had ever seen or imagined, and the most perfect and satisfying in its correspondence to the physical ideal of the man's work. Entering from the restless excitement of New York, in which I had then lately been plunged to the painful point of distraction, I took solace in this strong, self-contained old nobleman, who had never hesitated to sound the currents of American life at their swiftest. He seemed, sitting there at his simple supper-table and discoursing, in his slow, sonorous voice, of England and English friends, or the small traveller's tattle which is good for the passing moment, to restore, as it were, the balance of human security. Afterwards we passed into his "den," or sanctum, in the front of the house, where he sat in his great chair, draped with a wolfskin, in unconventional state, in a tremendous litter of books, newspapers, and manuscripts. Here, an unceremonious arrangement being come to in respect to times of work and rest, many hours on other days and nights passed very memorably, for me, until, returning from Canada, some months later, I paid the farewell visit. The restrained, sonorous tones of that friendly voice will never, indeed, be forgotten by those who have once listened to it, whether discoursing of the ordinary things of every day, or, more rarely, of "fate, free-will, and knowledge absolute." It would be impossible in the brief space allotted here to recite even the gist of the many characteristic utterances upon men and their past and future, their poetry and religion, their politics and their national responsibilities in America, heard over Walt Whitman's close stove in the winter. But these later reflections, valuable as complementing the earlier dicta of "Leaves of Grass," are now put upon record in the later volume of "November Boughs," where they can be turned to and considered at leisure. From its pages may be learned, as one learned ere many words were spoken personally with its author, that he was not at all the intolerant protagonist in the warfare of past and future that some critics have wished to prove him, though he still at the end of his journey quietly maintained the unconventional attitude that he first assumed. A message that at the last he sent to the younger men over here in England may well, however, be remembered among his last messages: "Tell them," he said, "that if age has got into my blood, it has not broken my feeling for them - my outlook the same to-day, for America and for England, and all the world over there, as when I began to write 'Leaves of Grass.' " R. APRIL 2, 1892 THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS 419 HOME AND FOREIGN NEWS. The Queen is still at Hyeres, with Princess Beatrice, the Duke and Duchess of Connaught and their little daughter, Princess Patricia, and all are in perfect health. Her Majesty has received from the family of the late M. Cartigny, the centenarian French naval veteran of Trafalgar, a bouquet of flowers, which he would himself have offered to her, as a tribute of esteem, if he had lived a few days longer. His grandson, M. Bodinier, keeper of the Hyeres town archives, is invited to see the Queen. The Prince of Wales and family are thoroughly pleased with Cap Martin (says the Times), and have decided to remain there three weeks longer. Prince George's health is much improved, and Princess Maud is better, so that the services of the nurse, Sister Edith, are no longer needed. Their Royal Highnesses spend most of their time in the open air, walking among the pines on the Cap, or driving in the direction of Beaulieu. Several delightful trips have also been made by sea as far as Bordighera, San Remo, and Nice, in Mr. Pryce Hamilton's steam-yacht Saurian, which has been placed at their disposal. March 28 being the eighth anniversary of the death of the Duke of Albany, the Duchchess of Albany went to Windsor Castle and attended a service, held at eleven o'clock in the Albert Chapel, in memory of her late husband, whose remains repose in a sarcophagus near those of the Duke of Clarence and Avondale. The Dean of Windsor officiated, and Sir Robert Collins, Miss Heron-Maxwell, Mr. Campbell, and Mrs. Eliot were present. During the visit the cross at the head of the Duke of Albany's tomb was filled with white and red camellias by her Royal Highness, who returned to Claremont in the afternoon. The World says that the Queen is anxious for a marriage to take place between Prince George of Wales and Princess Alix of Hesse. This is an alliance which would give much satisfaction to the Prince and Princess of Wales. Princess Alix is coming to England early in May on a long visit to the Queen, with whom she will reside for several months at Windsor Castle, Balmoral, and Osborne. Princess Alix was born in June 1872. We gave her portrait, with those of her married sisters, Princess Louis of Battenberg, the Grand Duchess Sergius of Russia, and Princess Henry of Prussia, on the recent occasion of their father's death, which recalled also the beloved memory of their mother, our Princess Alice, the good Grand Duchess of Hesse. It is mentioned, in one of the mother's letters published in her biography, that the Germans had a difficulty in rightly pronouncing the English name "Alice," which was bestowed on this daughter, and "Alix" was therefore adopted as a more convenient form. In the House of Commons considerable progress has been made with the public business, considering the circumstances which make for delay. The Small Holdings Bill has been read a second time, and one of the most important measures ever framed in connection with the government of India has been introduced in the shape of the Indian Councils Bill. The object of this measure is to increase the native element both in the Viceroy's Council and the Provincial Councils. Native members will be elected to these councils by various local and municipal bodies; though they will have no right of legislative action, they will be entitled to discuss the policy of the Indian Government and especially its finance. The Eight Hours (Miners) Bill was defeated by the unexpectedly large majority of 112, owing, no doubt, to the comedy of asking the House of Commons to protect a class who had just shown their independence by deranging the industries of the country. Mr. Fenwick's resolution in favour of the payment of members was defeated by a majority of sixty-five, after an animated speech from Mr. Balfour, who said that to pay members would be to strike a blow at the greatest political institution the world had ever seen. Why the payment of the Treasury Bench does not cause this calamity, Mr. Balfour did not explain. There has been great excitement in the House this week about the shamrock. An Irish private who wore this patriotic emblem on St. Patrick's Day without the permission of his superior officer, and who refused to remove it, was ordered to the guard-room. This outrage on Ireland has stirred the wrath of the Irish members, who, after some fierce assaults on Mr. Stanhope, have extracted from him a pledge that the heroic private shall not have his career blighted by his patriotic act. Mr. Stanhope explained that the shamrock could always be worn by permission of the officers; but it would be simpler to issue a general order than to leave such a point to any officer's discretion. He declined to regard the Orange lily as a legitimate ornament for her Majesty's service. This has caused dire indignation in the bosom of Mr. William Johnston of Ballykilbeg, who sought to persuade the House that in Lord Macaulay's opinion the Orange lily was the symbol of peace. There is still a distracting variety of rumours concerning the date of the dissolution. The Liberal wirepullers in London are preparing for an immediate campaign, under the impression that the appeal to the country will be made after Easter. A deputation of Conservative and Unionist members lately waited on Mr. Akers-Douglas with a view of getting some information, but the Whip was not able to satisfy them. However, it is probable that Mr. Balfour will address a meeting of Conservative agents in May, so that it is reasonable to conclude that we shall have a dissolution about July. Though his vote on the Mombasa Railway was disallowed by the House of Commons, Mr. Burdett-Coutts says he can never permit the borough of Westminster to be disfranchised when he thinks it necessary to represent it in some great national interest. This apparently means that, in spite of the decision of the House of Commons, Mr. Burdett-Coutts will go on voting in every case in which he figures as a patriotic director. This is magnificent, but it may lead to trouble, for the House of Commons is very sensitive on these constitutional points; and a member who says he will go on voting, though the House has decided he ought not to vote, comes dangerously near that awful offence which is known as breach of privilege. The nomination of the Right Rev. Dr. Vaughan, Roman Catholic Bishop of Salford, to be Archbishop of Westminster, in succession to the late Cardinal Manning, has been approved by the College of the Propaganda at Rome, and will at once be ratified by the Pope. Lord Rosebery delivered at the City of London Liberal Club an interesting eulogy of Earl Granville, whom he described as one of the most sagacious men he had ever met. One anecdote of this sagacity was that on an occasion when his colleagues were considering how a motion by a certain member of the Conservative Party was to be met, Lord Granville said, "He'll never bring it on." I am afraid it would be impossible for any member of the House of Commons in these times to get a reputation for sagacity on such easy terms. The coal strike in Durham still continues with little prospect of a settlement. The men are very resolute and at times extremely violent, and it has been found necessary not only to strengthen the police but to draft the military into the disturbed districts. One of the worst features of the situation is that, although the water is rising in some of the pits, the men will not make any effort to prevent a flood, which will presently make it impossible for them to work even if they should be willing. With regard to Irish politics, the Freeman's Journal and the National Press have become amalgamated. The competition between these two papers has for some time past seriously increased the embarrassments of the Anti-Parnellites. The negotiations have failed repeatedly, owing, it is said, to the difficulties interposed by Mr. Healy's exuberant personality. But all friction seems now to be at an end, though at the eleventh hour a new problem was likely to be raised by the susceptibilities of Mr. Dillon. The extraordinary series of murders in England and Australia is being brought home by constantly growing evidence to the man who has passed by various names in different parts of the world. Such a career as that of Frederick Deeming is rare in the annals of crime. When he was arrested he was about to be married for the third time, and had actually bought a barrel of cement, which had a ghastly significance in connection with the scene of his crimes at Rainhill. There is, fortunately, no prospect that this monster will escape from justice, and when the whole of his exploits come to be examined he is likely to take the highest rank in the criminal calendar. In foreign affairs the topic of most direct concern to our own country has been the ratification of the treaty, already signed, which submits the dispute between England and the United States about the Behring Sea Fisheries to arbitration. Upon one point there has been a lively conflict between Lord Salisbury and President Harrison. The American Government demanded that, pending the arbitration, the Canadians should be restrained from fishing, and President Harrison sustained this view with that patriotic rhetoric IMAGE: PRACTICISING FOR THE OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE BOAT-RACE: THE OXFORD CREW ON THE THAMES. which American diplomatists are so ready to employ when a Presidential election is approaching. Lord Salisbury proposed that if the fishing were restrained the losing party in the arbitration should indemnify the fishermen. It is understood that the British proposals have been accepted by the President; and on Tuesday, March 29, the treaty was ratified by the United States Senate. The mementoes of General Boulanger, consisting largely of portraits of himself, were sold in Brussels by auction for considerably more than their value. It would be interesting to know whether M. Rochefort, or the Comte de Paris, or any of the General's distinguished associates were among the purchasers of these agreeable souvenirs of departed greatness. The Ministerial crisis in Prussia has ended for the time by the withdrawal of Count von Caprivi from the Presidency of the Prussian Cabinet. His successor is Count von Eulenberg, who has the distinction of having been publicly insulted and driven from office by Prince Bismarck. How far the new arrangement will work is a matter speculation, but it is not considered in Berlin that the new chief of the Cabinet is on safe ground, or that Count von Caprivi's position is morally strengthened. Some, indeed, go so far as to hint that even the Chancellorship may be vacant before long. An edict has been issued by the German Government prohibiting the entry of Russian Jews into German territory. This must cause frightful hardship among the Jewish emigrants, many of whom will never hear of the edict till they arrive at the frontier. Such is the desperate condition of the refugees that the German frontier guards have been obliged to shoot a considerable number in order to make the edict intelligible. Of the humanity of this co-operation between the German and Russian Governments little need be said, though it must be admitted that the Germans are entitled to prevent their territory from being overrun by the victims of Russian oppression. There has been a general election in Japan, and it is understood that the Opposition have obtained a majority. The Japanese are great students of Western customs, and they seem to have modelled their electioneering on the good old times in this country when no poll was considered legitimate without a sanguinary riot. During the Japanese elections many people were killed, and excitable politicians roamed about the country converting hostile electors by cutting off their heads. X. WITH THE DARK BLUES IN TRAINING. "Oxford," says the historian of aquatics, "started boat-racing before Cambridge. The oldest boating record in Oxford is the Brasenose Club - Book dated 1837; the history of the O.U.B.C. commences with its establishment, 1839." The Cambridge man, who runs over from the Cam to study the enemy upon the Isis, feels this antiquity as he stands on Folly Bridge or takes up his position over against the 'Varsity barge. He realises that even Nature has conspired against him - the wide, sweeping reach is so unlike his own reach, the "Gut" is such a mockery of a corner after "Grassy," which he knows so well. He is not, of course, prepared to admit that this superiority is anything but a mere aesthetic quality. He would be no oarsman if his heart did not go out to every tradition of "First Post," "Ditton," and "Charons"; and he loves the Cam with a great love. Still, the Dark Blue at his elbow is flattered by the admission that the Isis is tolerable, and may even learn in a tender moment of confidence as the night grows late that it is magnificent. So truly must it be styled. If it were not for the lock at Iffley, and the consequent break in a course which remains but a mile in length, the whole would be perfection. Certainly, the 'Varsity may need to go below lock, and to get the warfare of the little waves by Nuneham and Sandford, may even appoint times to do battle in the famous and ever-stormy Monlsford Reach, but for college purposes the reach to Iffley suffices. Two journeys, even three when the "Eights" are at hand, will make the day's quantum of labour; nor do the crews lack anything in smartness for a rattling "lock to lock," which is to be had from Jesus to Baitsbite. The deeper water, and the wider river-bed, give what distance forbids. It is rare among the Dark Blues to witness that clumsy haste to feather, that low return, which hampers so many Cambridge eights appearing for the first time at Putney. The cleaner form, the longer reach, the greater smartness with the hands which distinguish all Oxford crews at home above all Cambridge at home must be set to Nature's doing. For, as the city of Abelard is set upon the rising ground, so is the river worthy of her mistress, a river of picturesque reach and sweeping bend. There are many different customs among rowing men at Oxford which mark the traditions of the enemy and point to the individualism of the Alma Mater. The hostage from the school of Bacon soon learns that the sacred colour, the deep- sea blue of his enemies, is with them more a colour for the whole band of those in statu pupillari than it is at Cambridge. The dark-blue coat with the college crest upon the pockets is worn even by the freshman. The chosen for the Olympiad alone wears the silk upon the river, but familiarity breeds contempt, and there is no generality of admiration, hardly a flutter, as the wearer of the cap with the white crossed-oars rides by. The recompense is found in the system of the barges, in the pleasant lounge by Christ Church meadow, or on the roof of the college floating boat-house - the barge, to wit. It is found in the lighter slavery of rowing at Oxford, which gives men days of lightsome ease after the "Torpids" and the "Eights," which does not say "Every day you shall row, and there shall be for you neither flirtation nor 'five o'clock,' tennis nor terpsichore." Speaking of the actual days of training which the 'Varsity serve and of the curriculum, Mr. Woodgate says, "Reveille at 6.30 or 7," a smart walk in the meadows, not a run as performed up Remenham Hill by the O.U.B.C. aforetime, a breakfast of grilled chops or steaks, or from a joint which has cooled uncut; a little meat for luncheon with bread and green stuff; dinner - fish, roast poultry, beef, mutton, stewed fruit, jelly. Drink, let it be ale, or with a surrender to the effeminate tradition of the hour - which is not effeminate but sensible, by- the-bye - claret and water; and let there be the cup of gruel o'nights for him that can take it. In many other matters the Dark Blues and the Light are at one. Perhaps the former, with their shorter course, do not average so long a daily journey as the Cantabs, but they make up by long rows below Iffley, and often negotiate the three-mile course by Sandford. In many years they have left the Isis early in their training, and have enjoyed the hospitality of Mr. Grenfell, of Taplow Court, or of Colonel Hammersley, of Bourne End. These are the days which make the labour also the ipse voluptas; and they are not less pleasant days now when the eight are enjoying the hospitality of the Lyric Club at Barnes, and are treated with every favour that may be permitted to men in the very throes of a stringent curriculum, and to whom delicacies are the forbidden foods of the Franks. For, after all, a man in training is a dull dog so far as those things which make life sweet are concerned.THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, APRIL 2, 1892.--420 1. Three colonial settlers, pining for lady society, on their way to a lawn-tennis party at "The Cross," are chaffed by a gig-keeping neighbour because they go on foot. 2. Next week, they buy a "plug," which in the local dialect, being interpreted, means some kind of horse. 3. The untamed animal, which none of them could ride, is harnessed to a "buckboard," and proves not less difficult to drive. 4. Catastrophe in driving--though Tim held the ribbons, while Joe and I held the horse in check. 5. And this was the experience of attempting to ride; an entertaining spectacle for the lawn-tennis party. 6. One of us was deputed to offer the "plug" for sale to any neighbour wanting a safe and serviceable beast. OUR FIRST DEAL IN HORSEFLESH IN MANITOBA. THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, APRIL 2, 1892.--421 Straight at the shield-hedge drove Umslopogaas, and a score of spears were lifted to greet him. "NADA THE LILY," BY H. RIDER HAGGARD.--SEE NEXT PAGE.422 THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS APRIL 2, 1892 NADA THE LILY. By H. RIDER HAGGARD. AUTHOR OF "SHE," "KING SOLOMON'S MINES," ETC. CHAPTER XXV. THE WAR WITH THE HALAKAZI PEOPLE. Now, my father, I must tell of how Umslopogaas the Slaughterer and Galazi the Wolf fared in their war against the People of the Halakazi. When I had gone from the shadow of the Ghost Mountain, Umslopogaas summoned a gathering of all his headmen, and told them it was his desire that the People of the Axe should no longer be a little people, that they should grow great and number their cattle by tens of thousands. The headmen asked how this might be brought about - would he then make war on Dingaan the king? Umslopogaas answered no, he would win the favour of the king thus: and he told them of the Lily maid and of the Halakazi tribe in Swaziland, and of how he would go up against that tribe. Now, some of the headmen said yea to this and some said nay, and the talk ran high and lasted till the evening. But when the evening was come Umslopogaas rose and said that he was chief under the Axe, and none other, and it was his will that they should go up against the Halakazi. If there was any man there who would gainsay his will, let him stand forward and do battle with him, and he who conquered should order all things. To this there was no answer, for there were few who cared to face the beak of Groan-Maker, and so it came about that it was agreed that the People of the Axe should go up against the Halakazi, and Umslopogaas sent out messengers to summon every fighting-man to his side. But when Zinita, his wife, came to hear of the matter she was angry, and upbraided Umslopogaas, and heaped curses on me, Mopo, whom she knew only as the mouth of Dingaan, because, as she said truly, I had put this scheme into the mind of the Slaughterer. "What!" she went on, "do you not live here in peace and plenty, and must go to make war on those who have not harmed you; there, perhaps, to perish or to come to other ill? You say you do this to win a girl for Dingaan and to find favour in his sight. Has not Dingaan girls more than he can count? It is more likely that, wearying of us, your wives, you go to get girls for yourself, Bulalio; and as for finding favour, rest quiet, so shall you find most favour. If the king sends his impis against you, then it will be time to fight, O fool with little wit!" Thus Zinita spoke to him, very roughly - for she always blurted out what was in her mind, and Umslopogaas could not challenge her to battle. So he must bear her talk as best he might, for it is often thus, my father, that the greatest men grow small enough in their own huts. Moreover, he knew that it was because Zinita loved him that she spoke so bitterly. Now, on the third day all the fighting-men were gathered, and there might have been two thousand of them, good men and brave. Then Umslopogaas went out and spoke to them, telling them of this adventure, and the Galazi the Wolf was with him. They listened silently, and it was plain to see that, as in the case of the headmen, some of them thought one thing and some another. Then Galazi spoke to them briefly, telling them that he knew the roads and the caves and the number of the Halakazi cattle; but still they doubted. Thereon Umslopogaas added these words - "To-morrow, at the dawn, I, Bulalio, Holder of the Axe, Chief of the People of the Axe, go up against the Halakazi, with Galazi the Wolf, my brother. If but ten men follow us, yet we will go. Now, choose, you soldiers! Let those come who will, and let those who will stop at home with the women and the little children." Now a great shout rose from every throat. "We will go with you, Bulalio, to victory or death!" So on the narrow they marched, and there was wailing among the women of the People of the Axe. Only Zinita did not wail, but stood by in wrath, foreboding evil; nor would she bid her lord farewell, yet when he was gone she wept. Now, Umslopogaas and his impi travelled fast and far, hungering and thirsting, till at length they came to the land of the Umswazi, and after a while entered the territory of the Halakazi by a high and narrow pass. The fear of Galazi the Wolf was that they should find this pass held, and taken only enough cattle to feed themselves, yet he knew well that messengers had sped by day and night to warn the people of the Halakazi. But they found no man in the pass, and on the other side of it they rested, for the night was far spent. At dawn Unslopogaas looked out over the wide plains beyond, and Galazi showed him a long low hill two hours' march away. "There, my brother," he said, "lies the head kraal of the Halakazi, where I was born, and in that hill is the great cave." Then they went on, and before the sun was high they came to the crest of a rise, and heard the sound of horns on its father side. They stood upon the rise, and looked, and lo! yet far off, but running towards them, was the whole impi of the Halakazi, and it was a great impi. "They have gathered their strength indeed," said Galazi. "For every man of ours there are three of these Swazis!" The soldiers saw also, and the courage of some of them sank low. Then Umslopogaas spoke to them- "Yonder are the Swazi dogs, my children; they are many and we are but few. Yet, shall it be told at home that we, men of the Zulu blood, were hunted by a pack of Swazi dogs? Shall our women and children sing that song in our ears, O Soldiers of the Axe?" Now some cried "Never!" but some were silent; so Umslopogaas spoke again- "Turn back all who will: there is yet time. Turn back all who will, but ye who are men come forward with me. Or if ye will, go back all of you, and leave Axe Groan-Maker and Club Watcher to see this matter out alone." Now there rose a mighty shout of "We will die together who have lived together!" "Do you swear it?" cried Umslopogaas, holding Groan- Maker on high. "We swear it by the Axe!" they answered. Then Umslopogaas and Galazi made ready for the battle. They posted all the young men in the broken ground above the bottom of the slope, for these could best be spared to the spear, and Galazi the Wolf took command of them; but the veterans stayed upon the hillside, and with them Umslopogaas. Now the Halakazi came on, and there were four full regiments of them. The plain was black with them, the air was rent with their shoutings, and their spears flashed like lightning. On the farther side of the slope they halted and sent a herald forward to demand what the People of the Axe would have from them. The Slaughterer answered that they would have three things: First, the head of their chief, whose [All Rights Reserved.] place Galazi should fill henceforth; secondly, that fair maid whom men named the Lily; thirdly, a thousand head of cattle. If these things were granted, then he would spare them, the Halakazi; if not, he would stamp them out and take all. So the herald returned, and when he reached the ranks of the Halakazi he called aloud his answer. Then a great roar of laughter went up from the Halakazi regiments, a roar that shook the earth. The brow of Umslopogaas the Slaughterer burned red beneath the black when he heard it, and he shook Groan-Maker towards their host. "Ye shall sing another song before this sun is set," he cried, and strode along the ranks speaking to this man and that by name, and lifting up their hearts with great words. Now the Halakazi raised a shout, and charged to come at the young men led by Galazi the Wolf; but beyond the foot of the slope was peaty ground, and they came through it heavily, and as they came Galazi and the young men fell upon them and slew them; still, they might not hold them back for long, because of their great numbers, and presently the battle raged all along the slope. But so well did Galazi handle the young men, and so fiercely did they fight beneath his eye, that before they could be killed or driven back all the force of the Halakazi was doing battle with them. Ay, and twice Galazi charged with such as he could gather, and twice he checked the Halakazi rush, throwing them into confusion, till at length company was mixed with company and regiment with regiment. But it might not endure, for now more than half the young men were down, and the rest were being pushed back up the hill, fighting madly. Now, all this while Umslopogaas and the veterans sat in their ranks upon the brow of the slope and watched. "Those Swazi dogs have a fool for their general," quoth Umslopogaas. "He has no men left to fall back on, and Galazi has broken his array and mixed his regiments as milk and cream are mixed in a bowl. They are no longer an impi, they are a mob." Now the veterans moved restlessly on their haunches, pushing their legs out and drawing them in again. They glanced at the fray, they looked into each other's eyes and spoke a word here, a word there, "Well smitten, Galazi! Wow! that one is down! A brave lad! Ho! a good club is the Watcher! The fight draws near, my brother!" And ever as they spoke their faces grew fiercer and their fingers played with their spears. At length a captain called aloud to Umslopogaas- "Say, Slaughterer, is it not time to be up and doing? The grass is wet to sit on, and our limbs grow cramped." "Wait awhile," answered Umslopogaas. "Let them weary of their play. Let them weary, I tell you." As he spoke the Halakazi huddled themselves together, and with a rush drove back Galazi and those who were left of the young men. Yes, at last they were forced to flee, and after them came the Swazis, and in the forefront was their chief, ringed round with a circle of his bravest. Umslopogaas saw it and bounded to his feet, roaring like a bull. "At them now, wolves!" he shouted. Then the line sprang up as a wave springs, and their crests were like the foam on the wave. As a wave that swells to break they rose suddenly, like a breaking wave they poured down the slope. In front of them was the Slaughterer, holding Groan-Maker aloft, and oh! his feet were swift. So swift were his feet that, strive as they would, he outran them by the half of a spear's- throw. Galazi heard the thunder of their rush; he looked round, and as he looked, lo! the Slaughterer swept past him, running like a buck. Then Galazi, too, bounded forward, and the Wolf-Brethren sped down the hill, the length of four spears between them. The Halakazi also saw and heard, and strove to gather themselves together to meet the rush. In front of Umslopogaas was their chief, a great man hedged about with assegais. Straight at the shield - hedge drove Umslopogaas, and a score of spears were lifted to greet him, a scoe of shields heaved into the air - this was a fence that none might pass alive. Yet would the Slaughterer pass it - and alone! See! he steadies his pace, he gathers himself together, and now he leaps! High into the air he leaps; his feet knock the heads of the warriors and rattle against the crowns of their shields. They smite upwards with the spear, but he has swept over them like a swooping bird. He has swept over them - he has lit - and now the shield-hedge guards two chiefs. But not for long. Ou! Groan-Maker is aloft, he falls - nor shield nor axe nor Swazi skull may stay his stroke, all are cleft through, and the Halakazi lack a leader. The sheild-ring wheels in upon itself. Fools! Galazi is upon you! What was that? Look, now! see how many bones are left unbroken in him whom the Watcher falls on full! What! - another down! Close up, shield-men - close up! Ai! are you fled? Ah! the wave has fallen on the beach. Listen to its roaring- listen to the roaring of the shields! Stand, you men of the Halakazi - stand! Surely they are but a few. So! it is done! By the head of Chaka! they break - they are pushed back - now the wave of slaughter seethes along the sands - now the foe is swept like floating weed, and from all the line there comes a hissing like the hissing of thin waters. "S'gee!" says the hiss. "S'gee! S'gee!" There, my father, I am old. What have I to do with the battle any more, with the battle and its joy? Yet it is better to die in such a fight as that than to live any other way. I have seen such - I have seen many such. Oh! we could fight when I was a man, my father, but none that I knew could ever fight like Umslopogaas the Slaughterer, son of Chaka, and his blood-brother Galazi the Wolf! So, so! they swept them away, those Halakazi; they swept them as a maid sweeps the dust of a hut, as the wind sweeps the withered leaves. It was soon done when once it was begun. Some were fled and some were dead, and this was the end of that fight. No, no, not of all the fight. The Halakazi were worsted in the field, but many lived to win the great cave, and there the work must be finished. Thither, then, went the Slaughterer presently, with such of his impi as was left to him. Alas! many were slain; but how could they have died better than in that fight? Also those that were left were as good as all, for now they knew that they should not be overcome easily while Axe and Club still led the way. Now they stood before a hill, measuring, perhaps, three thousand paces round its base. It was of no great height, and yet unclimbable, for, after a man had gone up a little way, the sides of it were sheer, offering no foothold except to the rock- rabbits and the lizards. No one was to be seen without this hill, nor in the great kraal of the Halakazi that lay to the east of it, and yet the ground about was trampled with the hoofs of oxen and the feet of men, and from within the mountain came the sound of lowing cattle. "Here is the nest of the Halakazi," quoth Galazi the Wolf. "Here is the nest indeed," said Umslopogaas; "but how shall we come at the eggs to suck them? There are no branches to this tree." "But there is a hole in the trunk," answered the Wolf. Now, he led them a little way till they came to a place where the soil was trampled as it is at the entrance to a cattle kraal, and they saw that there was a low cave which led into the cliff, like an archway such as you white men build. But this archway was filled up with great blocks of stone placed upon each other in such a fashion that it could not be forced from without. After the cattle were driven in it had been filled up. "We cannot enter here," said Galazi. "Follow me." So they followed him, and came to the north side of the mountain, and there, two spear-casts away, a soldier was standing. But when he saw them he vanished suddenly. "There is that place," said Galazi, "and the fox has gone to earth in it." Now they ran to the spot and saw a little hole in the rock, scarcely bigger than an ant-bear's burrow, and through the hole came sounds and some light. "Now, where is the hyaena who will try a new burrow?" cried Umslopogaas. "A hundred head of cattle to the man who wins through and clears the way!" Then two young men sprang forward who were flushed with victory and desired nothing more than to make a great name and win cattle, crying - "Here are hyaenas, Bulalio." "To earth, then!" said Umslopogaas, "and let him who wins through hold the path a while till others follow." The two young men sprang at the hole, and he who reached it first went down upon his hands and knees and crawled in, lying on his shield and holding his spear before him. For a little while the light in the hole vanished, and they heard the sound of his crawling. Then came the noise of blows, and one more light crept through the hole. The man was dead. "This one had a bad snake," said the second man; "his snake deserted him. Let me see if mine is better." So down he went on his hands and knees, and crawled as the first had done, only he put his shield over his head. For a while they heard him crawling, then once more came the sound of blows echoing on the ox-hide shield, and after the blows groan. He was dead also, yet it seemed that they had left his body in the hole, for no light came through. This was the cause, my father: when they struck the man he had wriggled back a little way and died there, and none had entered from the farther side to drag him out. Now the soldiers stared at the mouth of the hole and none seemed to love the look of it, for this was but a poor way to die. Umslopogaas and Galazi also looked at it, thinking. "Now, I am named Wolf," said Galazi, "and a wolf should not fear the dark; also, these are my people, and I must be the first to visit them," and he went down on his hands and knees without more ado. But Umslopogaas, having peered once more down the burrow, said: "Hold, Galazi; I will go first! I have a plan. Do you follow me. And you, my children, shout loudly, so that none may hear us move; and, if we win through, follow swiftly, for we cannot hold the mouth of the place for long. Hearken, also! This is my counsel to you: if I fall choose another chief - Galazi the Wolf, if he is still living." "Nay, Slaughterer, name me not," said the Wolf," for together we will live or die." "So let it be, Galazi. Then choose you some other man and try this road no more, for if we cannot pass it none can, but seek food and sit down here till those jackals bolt; then be ready. Farewell, my children!" "Farewell, father," they answered, "go warily, lest we be left without a head, wandering and desolate." Then Umslopogaas crept into the hole, taking no shield, but holding Groan-Maker before him, and at his heels crept Galazi. When he had gone the length of six spears he stretched out his hand, and, as he trusted to do, he found the feet of that man who had gone before and died in the place. Then Umslopogaas the wary did this: he put his head beneath the dead man's legs and thrust himself onward till all the body was on his back, and there he held it with one hand, gripping its two wrists in his hand. Then he crawled forward a little space and saw that he was coming to the inner mouth of the burrow, but that the shadow was deep there because of a great mass of rock which lay before the burrow shutting out the light. "This is well for me," thought Umslopogaas, "for now they will not know the dead from the living. I may yet look upon the sun again." Now he heard the Halakazi soldiers talking without. "The Zulu rats do not love this run," said one, "they fear the rat-catcher's stick. This is good sport," and a man laughed. Then Umslopogaas pushed himself forward as swiftly as he could, holding the dead man on his back and suddenly came out of the rock into the open place in the dark shadow of the great rock. "By the Lily," cried a soldier, "here's a third! Take that, Zulu rat!" and he struck the dead man heavily with a kerrie. "And that!" cried another, driving his spear through him so that it pricked Umslopogaas beneath. "And that! and that! and that!" said others, as they smote and stabbed. Now Umslopogaas groaned heavily in the deep shadow and lay still. "No need to waste more blows," said the man who had struck first. This one will never go back to Zululand, and I think that few will care to follow him. Let us make an end: run, some of you, and find stones to stop the burrow, for now the sport is done." He turned as he spoke and so did the others, and this was what the Slaughterer sought. With a swift movement, he freed himself from the dead man and sprang to his feet. They heard the sound and turned again, but as they turned Groan-Maker pecked softly, and that man who had sworn by the Lily was no more a man. Then Umslopogass leaped forwards, and, bounding on to the great rock, stood there like a buck against the sky. "A Zulu rat is not so easily slain, O ye weasels!" he cried, as they came at him from all sides at once with a roar. He smote to the right and the left, and so swiftly that men could scarcely see the blows fall, for he struck with Groan- Maker's beak. But though men scarcely saw the blows, yet, my father, men fell beneath them. Now foes were all around, leaping up at the Slaughterer as rushing water leaps to hide a rock - everywhere shone spears, thrusting at him from this side and from that. Those in front and to the side Groan-Maker served to stay, but one wounded Umslopogaas in the neck, and another was lifted to pierce his back when the strength of its holder was bowed to the dust - to the dust, to become of the dust. For now the Wolf was through the hole, and the Watcher grew very busy; he was so busy that soon the back of the Slaughterer had nothing more to fear - yet those had much to fear who stood behind his back. The pair fought bravely, making a great slaughter, and presently, one by one, plumed heads of the People of the Axe showed through the hole and strong arms mingled in the fray. Swiftly they came, leaping into battle as otters leap to the water - now there were ten of them, now there were twenty - and now the Halakazi broke and fled, since they did not bargain for this. Then the rest of the Men of the Axe came through in peace, and the evening grew towards the dark before all had passed the hole. APRIL 2, 1892 THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS 423 CHAPTER XXVI. THE FINDING OF NADA. Umslopogaas marshalled his companies. "There is little light left," he said, "but it must serve us to start these conies from their burrows. Come, my brother Galazi, you know where the conies hide, take my place and lead us." So Galazi led the impi. Turning a corner of the glen, he came with them to a great open space that had a fountain in its midst, and this place was full of thousands of cattle. Then he turned again to the left, and brought them to the inner side of the mountain, where the cliff hung over, and here was the mouth of a great cave. Now, the cave was dark, but by its door was stacked a pile of resinous wood to serve as torches. "Here is that which shall give us light," said Galazi, and one man of every two took a torch and lit it at a fire that burned near the mouth of the cave. Then they rushed in, waving the flaring torches and with assegais aloft. Here for the last time the Halakazi stood against them, and the torches floated up and down upon the wave of war. But they did not stand for very long, for all the heart was out of them. Wow! yes, many were killed - I do not know how many. I know this only, that the Halakazi are no more a tribe since Umslopogaas, who is named Bulalio, stamped them with his feet - they are nothing but a name now. The People of the Axe drove them out into the open and finished the fight by starlight among the cattle. In one corner of the cave Umslopogaas saw a knot of men clustering round something as though to guard it. He rushed at the men and with him went Galazi and others. But when Umslopogaas was through, by the light of his torch he saw a tall and slender man, who leaned against the wall of the cave and held a shield before his face. "You are a coward!" he cried, and smote with Groan- Maker. The great axe pierced the hide, but, missing the head behind, rang loudly against the rock, and as it struck a sweet voice said - "Ah! soldier, do not kill me! Why are you angry with me?" Now the shield had come away from its holder's hands upon the blade of the axe, and there was something in the notes of the voice that caused Umslopogaas to smite no more: it was a though a memory of childhood had come to him in a dream. His torch was burning low, but he thrust it forward to look at him who crouched against the rock. The dress was the dress of a man, but this was no man's form - nay, rather that of a lovely woman, and wellnigh white in colour. She dropped her hands from before her face, and now he saw her well. He saw eyes that shone like stars, hair that curled and fell upon the shoulders, and such beauty as was not known among our people. And as the voice had spoken to him of something that was lost, so did the eyes seem to shine across the blackness of many years, and the beauty to bring back he knew not what. He looked at the girl in all her loveliness, and she looked at him in his fierceness and his might, red with war and wounds. They both looked long, while the torchlight flared on them, on the walls of the cave, and the broad blade of Groan-Maker, and from around rose the sounds of the fray. "How are you named, who are so fair to see?" he asked at length. "I am named the Lily now: once I had another name. Nada, daughter of Mopo, I was once; but name and all else are dead, and I go to join them. Kill me and make an end. I will shut my eyes, that I may not see the great axe flash." Now Umslopogaas gazed upon her again, and Groan-Maker fell from his hand. "Look on me, Nada, daughter of Mopo," he said in a low voice; "look at me and say who am I." She looked once again and yet again. Now her face was thrust forward as one who gazes over the edge of the world; it grew fixed and strange. "By my heart," she said, "by my heart, you are Umslopogaas, my brother who is dead, and whom dead as living I have loved ever and alone." Then the torch flared out, but Umslopogaas took her in the darkness and pressed her to him and kissed her, the sister whom he found after many years, and she kissed him. "You kiss me now," she said, "yet not long ago that great axe shore my locks, missing me but by a finger's-breadth - and still the sound of fighting rings in my ears! Ah! a boon of you, my brother - a boon: let there be no more death since we are met once more. The people of the Halakazi are conquered, and it is their just doom, for thus, in this same way, they killed those with whom I lived before. Yet they have treated me well, not forcing me into wedlock, and protecting me from Dingaan; so spare them, my brother, if you may." Then Umslopogaas lifted up his voice, commanding that the killing should cease, and sent messengers running swiftly with these words: "This is the command of Bulalio: that he who lifts hand against one more of the people of the Halakazi shall be killed himself"; and the soldiers obeyed him, though the order came somewhat late, and no more of the Halakazi were brought to doom. They were suffered to escape, except those of the women and children who were kept to be led away as captives. And they ran far that night. Nor did they come together again to be a people, for they feared Galazi the Wolf, who would be chief over them, but they were scattered wide in the world, to sojourn among strangers. Now, when the soldiers had eaten abundantly of the store of the Halakazi, and guards had been sent to ward the cattle and watch against surprise, Umslopogaas spoke long with Nada the Lily, taking her apart, and he told her all his story. She told him also all the tale that you know, my father, of how she had lived with the little people that were subject to the Halakazi, she and her mother Macropha, and how the fame of her beauty had spread about the land. Then she told him of how the Halakazi had claimed her, and of how, in the end, they had taken her by force of arms, killing the people of that kraal, and among them her own mother. Thereafter, she had dwelt among the Halakazi, who named her anew, calling her the Lily, and they had treated her kindly, giving her reverence because of her sweetness and beauty, and not forcing her into marriage. "And why would you not wed, Nada, my sister," asked Umslopogaas, "you who are far past the age of marriage?" "Nay, I do not know," she answered, hanging her head; "but I have no heart that way. I only seek to be left alone." Now Umslopogaas thought awhile and spoke. "Do you not know then, Nada, why it is that I have made this war, and why the people of the Halakazi are dead and scattered and their cattle the prize of my arm? I will tell you: I am come here to win you, whom I knew only by report as the Lily maid, the fairest of women, to be a wife to Dingaan. The reason that I began this war was to win you and make my peace with Dingaan, and now I have carried it through to the end." Now, when she heard these words, Nada the Lily trembled and wept, and, sinking to the earth, she clasped the knees of Umslopogaas in supplication: "Oh, do not this cruel thing by me, your sister," she prayed; "take rather that great axe and make an end of me, and of the beauty which has wrought so much woe, and most of all to me who wear it! Would that I had not moved my head behind the shield, but had suffered the axe to fall upon it. To this end I was dressed as a man, that I might meet the fate of a man. Ah! a curse be on my woman's weakness that snatched me from death to give me up to shame!" Thus she prayed Umslopogaas in her low sweet voice, and his heart was shaken in him, though, indeed, he did not now purpose to give Nada to Dingaan, as Baleka was given to Chaka, perchance in the end to meet the fate of Baleka. "There are many, Nada," he said, "who would think it no misfortune that they should be given as a wife to the first of chiefs." "Then I am not of their number," she answered; "nay, I will die first, by my own hand if need be." Now, Umslopogaas wondered how it came about that Nada looked on marriage thus, but he did not speak of the matter; he said only, "Tell me, then, Nada, how I can deliver myself of this charge. I must go to Dingaan as I promised our father Mopo, and what shall I say to Dingaan when he asks for the Lily whom I went out to pluck and whom his heart desires? What shall I say to save myself alive from the wrath of Dingaan?" Then Nada thought and answered, "You shall say this, my brother. You shall tell him that the Lily, being clothed in the war-dress of a warrior, fell by chance in the fray. See, now, none of your people know that you have found me; they are thinking of other things than maids in the hour of their victory. This, then, is my plan: we will search now by the starlight till we find the body of a fair maid, for, doubtless, some were killed by hazard in the fight, and on her we will set a warrior's dress, and lay by her the corpse of one of your own men. To-morrow, at the light, you shall take the captains of your soldiers and, having laid the body of the girl in the dark of the cave, you shall show it to them hurriedly, and tell them that this was the Lily, slain by one of your own people, whom in your wrath you slew also. They will not look long on so common a sight, and if by hazard they see the maid, and think her not so very fair, they will deem that it is death which has robbed her of her comeliness. So the tale which you must tell to Dingaan shall be built up firmly, and Dingaan shall believe it to be true." "And how shall this be, Nada?" asked Umslopogaas. "How shall this be when men see you among the captives and know you by your beauty? Are there, then, two such Lilies in the land?" "I shall not be known, for I shall not be seen, Umslopogaas. You must set me free to night. I will wander hence disguised as a youth and covered with a blanket, and if any meet me, who shall say that I am the Lily?" "And where will you wander, Nada? To your death? Must we, then, meet after so many years to part again for ever?" "Where was it that you said you lived, my brother? Beneath the shade of a Ghost Mountain, that men may know by a shape of stone which is fashioned like an old woman frozen into stone, was it not? Tell me of the road thither." So Umslopogaas told her the road, and she listened silently. "Good," she said. "I am strong and my feet are swift; perhaps they may serve to bring me so far, and perhaps, if I win the shadow of that mountain, you will find me a hut to hide in, Umslopogaas, my brother." "Surely it shall be so, my sister," answered Umslopogaas, "and yet the way is long and many dangers lie in the path of a maid journeying alone, without food or shelter," and as he spoke Umslopogaas thought of Zinita, his wife, for he guessed that she would not love Nada, although she was only his sister. "Still, it must be travelled, and the dangers must be braved," she answered, smiling. "Alas! there is no other way." Then Umslopogaas summoned Galazi the Wolf and told him all this story, for Galazi was the only man whom he could trust. The Wolf listened in silence, marvelling the while at the beauty of Nada, as the starlight showed it. When everything was told, he said only that he no longer wondered that the people of the Halakazi had defied Dingaan and brought death upon themselves for the sake of this maid. Still, to be plain, his heart thought ill of the matter, for death was not done with yet: there before them shone the Star of Death, and he pointed to the Lily. Now, Nada trembled at his words of evil omen, and the Slaughterer grew angry, but Galazi would neither add to them nor take away from them. "I have spoken that which my heart hears," he answered. Then they rose and went to search among the dead for a girl who would suit their purpose. Soon they found one, a tall and fair maiden, and Galazi bore her in his arms to the great cave. Here in the cave were none but the dead, and, tossed hither and thither in their last sleep, they looked awful in the glare of the torches. "They sleep sound," said the Lily, gazing on them; "rest is sweet." "We shall soon win it, maiden," answered Galazi, and again Nada trembled. Then, having arrayed her in the dress of a warrior, and put a shield and a spear by her, they laid down the body of the girl in a dark place in the cave, and, finding a dead warrior of the People of the Axe, placed him beside her. Now they left the cave, and, pretending that they visited the sentries, Umslopogaas and Galazi passed from spot to spot, while the Lily walked after them like a guard, hiding her face with a shield and holding a spear in her hand, and having with her a bag of corn and dried flesh. So they passed on, till at length they came to the entrance in the mountain side. The stones that had blocked it were pulled down so as to allow those of the Halakazi to fly who had been spared at the entreaty of Nada, but there were guards by the entrance to watch that none came back. Umslopogaas challenged them, and they saluted him, but he saw that they were worn out with battle and journeying, and knew little of what they saw or said. Then he, Galazi, and Nada passed through the opening on to the plain beyond. Here the Slaughterer and the Lily bade each other farewell, while Galazi watched, and presently the Wolf saw Umslopogaas return as one who is heavy at heart, and caught sight of the Lily skimming across the plain lightly like a swallow. "I do not know when we two shall meet again," said Umslopogaas so soon as she had melted into the shadows of the night. "May you never meet," answered Galazi, "for I am sure that if you meet that sister of yours will bring death on yet more than those who now lie low because of her loveliness. She is a Star of Death, and when she sets the sky shall be blood red." Umslopogaas did not answer, but walked slowly through the archway in the mountain side. "How is this, Chief?" said he who was captain of the guard. "Three went out, but two return." "Fool!" answered Umslopogaas. "Are you drunk with Halakazi beer, or blind with sleep? Two went out, and two return. I sent him who was with us back to the camp." "So be it, father," said the captain. "Two went out, and two return. All is well." (To be continued.) IMAGE: PROFESSOR IHNE. A GERMAN PROFESSOR AT HOME. AN INTERVIEW. The day following the announcement of the death of the late Duke of Clarence I dropped into the lecture-room of his German tutor at Heidelberg University. Professor Ihne entered as usual, and took his place upon the platform. His first words were, "Viele sind gestorben." His voice trembled, his lips quivered, while his face showed the struggle of intense emotion. Presently he added: "A great loss to England, and one who was a dear friend of mine." There was not a student in the room who was not touched by the grief of their Professor. A little while after this I spent some time with the Professor, at his villa on the banks of the Neckar. He spoke freely of the Duke and his stay in his house. I had made out a list of questions which I had intended to ask him, but he talked along quite pleasantly, covering the ground so well that I had little occasion to interrupt him with interrogations. "Yes," he said, "I was very agreeably surprised to have a letter from the Prince of Wales asking if I would take the young Prince into my house, and of course I replied that I should be very glad to have him with me. His Royal Highness, with the Princess of Wales, the King of Denmark, and a circle of royal friends, was stopping at Wiesbaden. The Prince of Wales came over, and very carefully went through every part of the house, thus showing how keen a personal interest he took in every detail regarding the comfort and health of the Prince. As we were driving about Heidelberg afterwards, we passed the Prince Carl Hotel, and his Royal Highness indicated a corner room looking out on a balcony and said, 'In that room I became engaged.' Before he went away he said, that I must see the Princess, and I was accordingly invited to Wiesbaden, and dined with them. Then the Prince with his tutor, Mr. Dalton, came on. That was in 1884." The Professor then took me into a large corner room, one side looking up along the Neckar and the vineyards on its left bank, the other out across the river, overlooking Heidelberg, with the ruins of the old castle and the high hills capped by Konigstuhl in the background. This was the young Prince's sitting-room. A prettier view one cannot find about Heidelberg. Then he said, "Oh! have you seen my treasures?" and then he went to his bookcase, took down a volume of the "Life of the Prince Consort," by Sir Theodore Martin, on the fly-leaf of which was written in German script by the Queen this dedication - "Dem Hern Professor Ihne, von VICTORIA, R.I. - Balmoral, October 1884." I asked if the Prince came as a student. "Oh! yes," he said; "he had spoken German fairly well earlier, but in his long cruise round the world had forgotten much, and his object was to renew his acquaintance with the language. We found him very pleasant, he took his meals with us, and lived almost as one of the family; he was retiring, timid, probably a little bashful. He had not the least tendency to push himself forward. I remember the students, probably a thousand of them, giving him a reception one evening at the Castle Hotel. When they proposed his health, I tried to induce him to reply, but he was too bashful. At another time, however, one of the glee clubs came and sang under his window, a compliment which pleased him very much, and he showed his appreciation by going out and addressing them in German. You must remember the Prince was only twenty when he came to me. He used to like to sit in my study, would knock gently on my door, and ask if he might come in and sit with me, saying that he would be very quiet. He was most careful not to oppose the wishes or offend the feelings of those about him. You know every English boy whistles. Well, I cannot bear whistling in the house at all; and as soon as I heard him whistling I called him in and said, 'Now, if you want to keep me in a good humour, and want to be the best of friends with me, you must never whistle about the house.' And from that day I never heard him whistle again. He was a little slow in making friends, but his affection for them was very warm and sincere, although there was nothing gushing, no over-demonstration of any sort in his character. A great many had the impression that the Prince was not strong and vigorous. The fact is, he was very strong. I have been hunting with him in Scotland, and have been very much surprised by the vigour which he displayed. He was never tired, was an excellent shot. We used to go bathing in the Neckar, where he showed himself an adept at swimming. He would frequently go across to the other side to the swimming baths, going in with the young men, diving with them, ducking them, and sharing in all their sports - his companions ignorant of the fact that he was the coming heir to the British throne." I was shown the suite of rooms occupied by the Prince and Mr. Dalton. The Professor has a number of souvenirs of the royal family, which he prizes very highly, among them a large photo of the family of his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, another of the Queen, with her autograph, and two or three of the late Duke, with his autograph. Then I was shown something which I thought was rather characteristic; the Professor led me into a room which had been used by him as his study during the summer of 1884, opened the shutters and pointed to a place in the middle of a window pane where the Prince had cut his autograph. The Prince had quietly left his name in the window, which was not discovered until some time after he had left Heidelberg. There is not in Heidelberg, and I doubt if in all Germany, a prettier or more characteristic home than Felseck. It lies overlooking the Neckar, the old bridge, the city opposite, and those hills which make Heidelberg one of the charming spots of the Continent. One word as to the Professor himself. He is one of the most amiable of men, possessed of all those finer feelings and delicate touches which make the truest type of manhood, at the same time a man of strong convictions and deep faith in what he thinks is right. He is seventy-one years old. He came to Heidelberg twenty years ago to retire, but was prevailed upon to take a chair in the University, which he has held ever since. He was some time in England, married a London lady, and speaks English much better than many educated Englishmen. His "History of Rome," which has been translated into English, is favourably known in England and America. He has a son who is chief architect to the German Emperor, and who is at present engaged in making extensive repairs in the royal palace in Berlin. The death of his wife, which occurred about a year ago, was a great blow to him. H.A.C.THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, APRIL 2, 1892.—424 SKETCH BY OUR SPECIAL ARTIST ON THE RIVIERA A FORESTIER 1. Hôtel Costebelle, the Queen's Residence: + shows the Queen's Bed-room Windows. 2. Hôtel L'Ermitage, Residence of the Queen's Suite. 3. Stables. THE QUEEN AT HYÈRES: PANORAMA OF COSTEBELLE. AFR P. N c 1872 THE QUEEN AT HYÈRES: HER MAJESTY'S BED-ROOM AT THE HÔTEL COSTEBELLE. SKETCH BY OUR SPECIAL ARTIST, MR. A. FORESTIER. THE QUEEN AT HYÈRES. The sojourn of her Majesty Queen Victoria, with her daughter Princess Henry of Battenberg, at this salubrious and agreeable place in the "Garden of Provence," where the orange, the palm, and the olive, gifts of the sunny South, flourish in sheltered valleys below the pine-woods, oaks, and cork-trees of the Oiseaux hills and Mont Coudon, protected by the Maure mountain range from northerly winds, cannot fail to benefit the health of the English royal visitors, and to afford them such pleasure as nature's fairest aspects give to the lovers of romantic and beautiful landscape scenery. It is at Costebelle, two miles from the town of Hyères and three miles from the seashore opposite the isles familiar by sight to every steam-boat passenger leaving or approaching the French port of Toulon on its east side, that two hotels, with their private grounds, have been taken for the Queen's residence and the accommodation of her suite. One is named from the hill of L'Ermitage, a fine eminence composed of richly coloured old red sandstone, overgrown with bushy heath, and crowned by a church with a square belfry and gilt figure on its summit, a favourite shrine of pilgrimage. Many pleasant villas have been erected at Costebelle; and there is another hotel, the Albion, where the Duke and Duchess of Connaught are staying. The Duke of Rutland is there as Minister in attendance on the Queen. The grounds of M. Arène, who owns much land here, were visited on March 24 by her Majesty; he showed the Queen his gardens and his villa, built with stones from the ruins of the ancient Greek town of Olbia, which stood on a neighbouring site. The Queen has also visited Count Guichen's residence at Hyères, the Villa des Palmiers. Drives along the sea-coast to the fishing village of Carquerannes, or to Fort Bregançon and Cape Bonet, vary the excursions on the hill roads. The Hyères townsfolk and municipality, with their Mayor, M. Roux, and the French governmental and military authorities, desire an opportunity of showing due honours to her Majesty; they have offered to send bands of music to Costebelle, but this has been declined. A festive spectacle called the "battle of flowers," with a procession of decorated carriages, has been exhibited in the streets of that town; none of the royal party were present. They attend, however, the Sunday service of the English church at Hyères, conducted by the Rev. Archibald Knollys, the chaplain, a relative of Sir Francis Knollys. The gracious act of her Majesty sending her representative, Sir Henry Ponsonby, to attend the funeral of the centenarian French naval veteran, M. Cartigny, who fought at Trafalgar, has been much appreciated. Princess Beatrice, with the Duke and Duchess of Connaught, has inspected the old church of St. Louis at Hyères, a building of the thirteenth century, in which a picture commemorates the visit of King Louis IX. to Bertrand de Foz, Count of Provence, in 1254; this church is of Byzantine architecture, and is adorned with pulpit, stalls, and canopies of walnut-wood finely carved. It was formerly attached to a convent of the friars Cordeliers. Another Hyères church, that of St. Paul, is in part of greater antiquity, but has been much altered by restorations. This town, like many of those in Provence, has its traditions of Greek, Roman, mediæval, and Saracenic ages, of he empire founded by Charlemagne, of Crusaders and pilgrims to the Holy Land, and of the independent Principality which ruled much territory, from the banks of the Rhone to the Riviera, till it was absorbed by the kingdom of France. Historical associations, besides its natural charms, render eastern Provence not less interesting, to educated visitors, than the Italian shores. THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, APRIL 2, 1892.—425 PNAUMANN c "MULTIPLICATION IS VEXATION."426 THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS APRIL 2, 1892 PICTURESQUE ASPECTS OF THE EAST-END. II. "Your outdoor markets in London are so striking. I have seen nothing like them elsewhere." This was the remark of a Glasgow visitor who had been inspecting various parts of London, and consequently knew man of its characteristics much better than many inhabitants. Of all outdoor markets none is so characteristic and individual as that which is held on Sunday mornings in Wentworth Street and Middlesex CORNER OF WENTWORTH STREET AND MIDDLESEX STREET, WHITECHAPEL. Street (formerly Petticoat Lane). Barrows stand in double rows at the border of the pavement, and it is only slowly and with difficulty that the foot-passengers edge their way between. Fruit, fish, a mysterious variety of pickled cucumber, cakes, sweets, ribbons, coloured handkerchiefs, socks, slippers, remnants of dress stuffs, linoleum, cheap sham jewellery, crockery, shirts, coats, and trousers—everything, in short, that is bought by the dwellers in adjacent streets, and nothing that could conceivably be bought by any reader of these lines--are exposed for sale. A prevailing odour of staleness and stuffiness, interrupted by sharp whiffs of fried fish or stewed onions or cough-lozenges, fills the atmosphere, and the vendors shriek against each other in varying languages and accents. Most of the sellers and many of the buyers are Jews ; and of the Jews hardly any are English. The women are nearly all bareheaded, and most of them wear bright-hued woollen shawls. Pinks and blues may be seen, especially among the younger girls, but a dull orange and a full-bodied purple predominate. Many of the girls are handsome, especially those of a peculiar red-haired type never seen in a genuine Englishwoman. The whole scene is as un-English as possible, and the many young artists who go to Italy to look at just such groups might well direct their attention to Wentworth Street. It is a far cry from Wentworth Street, with its noise and crowd and elbowing, to Narrow Street, Limehouse-- that empty, winding, shadowy thoroughfare with its glimpses of the river shining between the tall dark houses. Yet there is a link between them, in the strange unlikeness of both to the ordinary life of nineteenth-century London. In such streets as this walked our mediæval ancestors, who also did much of their shopping in the vociferous open-air fashions of the Jews in Wentworth Street. The houses on the south of Narrow Street look out upon the river ; many of them have bow windows and little wooden balconies, and steps running down into the water. There is a little old inn here—just such a house as that over which Miss Abby Potterson presided in "Our Mutual Friend," from the back of which one may descend to a moored boat and gain one of the finest views in London. The rooms of this house are small and low, and have about them that odd suggestion of a ship's cabin which pervades inns frequented by the mariner. As we go down the wooden stair the blue stretch of the river spreads before us. We look up and down. Opposite, and a little to the west, lies Rotherhithe, with its church-tower and its desolate range of empty granaries—empty because America has taken to grinding her corn at home, and now sends flour instead of wheat. Close at hand, on the hither bank, is Limehouse Church tower, beloved of sailors—the first London church, they say, to meet their eyes when they return. On the widening waters a passenger-steamer goes heavily by, and the note of a cornet swells and fades upon her deck. A broad burnt-sienna-coloured sail stirs slowly on a boat near at hand : its irregular triangle of colour against the blue would rejoice an artist. The air that breathes in our faces is fresh and almost salt ; and as we stand looking away to the east, the old sea-love of the islander awakens, and this water highway, with its multitudinous traffic, seems to us a prouder matter than all the busy city behind it. Another picturesque point upon the East-End riverside is the entrance to Wapping Basin, some hundred yards or so west of Wapping Old Stairs. These classic stairs themselves, sad to say, possess no sort of poetic charm. A narrow and ill-smelling alley between high walls leads to a flight of narrow and slimy stone steps. There are dozens such along this riverside, and they form the cherished playground of the riverside boy, who RIVER VIEW FROM NARROW STREET, LIMEHOUSE. OLD GROCER'S SHOP, RATCLIFF HIGHWAY, is the grimiest and the most impudent of his kind. Wapping Basin is connected with the river by a strait, whose widening mouth is bordered on both sides by solid dwelling-houses of an old-fashioned marine pattern, with rounded fronts, such as may be seen in Regency Square, Brighton. To a spectator looking southward, they enclose a river vignette, restricted but ever changing. Looking northward, the tributary water as a false effect of being a genuine river with a red-roofed town of its own upon its banks, and a church-tower of its own—Wapping Church—to watch over it. We pass northward to that which was Ratcliff Highway, but has been rechristened St. George Street. I cannot see without regret the new titles so often bestowed upon localities supposed to have acquired "an ill name." To have renamed the classic "Highway" is as if we should take to calling Drury Lane "St. Mary's Street, Strand." In like manner have the authorities in Mile End removed the ancient landmark of "Lady Lake's Grove," and put up instead the name "Adelina Grounds." Ratcliff Highway—let me so call it in spite of vestries— is in truth a dull thoroughfare, but it has one corner house worthy of notice. This is a grocer's shop, that looks to have stood unchanged for a century. Curved shop-fronts, with square panes and wood frames, face the street ; behind the shop is a warehouse, extending down Old Gravel Lane, and showing glimpses of its stores through an open door ; above is a capacious dwelling-house. Few such shops linger in this often-rebuilded London. Its plan carries us back to the day when master and family and apprentices dwelt together in one household. But in those days there would have been a garden behind, and the windows would have looked out on a river where no boat carried a black flag of smoke. On the other side of the way lies the only modern street of the East-End with the least claim to be called picturesque. This is Cowley Street, with its two-storeyed dwellings, arched entries, rounded windows, and pretty balconies. Here, at the rent paid elsewhere for a section of a brick barrack, one may live in a real home, having a character of its own, plenty of light and air, and a bit of real ground to each abode, instead of a blank asphalt yard between some two or three hundred tenants. CLEMENTINA BLACK. APRIL 2, 1892 THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS 427 A WORD IN SEASON. BY ANDREW LANG. A word in season, how good it is ! I was traveling northwards from Dundee, of which only the situation is "bonnie," while the other conditions do not encourage exhilaration. The train passes up Tay side. On one hand is a sheer cliff shining in the sun, feathered with firs, and comforted with the first signs of spring ; on the other hand is the lordly river which the Romans saluted as the Tiber— But where's the Scot who would the vaunt repay, And hall the puny Tiber for the Tay ? as the patriotic poet cries. Beyond the Tay, on a height among trees, were the grey old towers of Elcho Castle, and there we stopped at a little station called Kinfauns, which reminds one of Sir Patrick Charteris and "The Fair Maid of Perth." The March sun was shining, people were ploughing, the gulls were flocking and floating over the wet riverbanks, boats were passing, all was fresh and vernal. At this moment my eyes fell on the word in season : it was printed in blue letters on a white ground of enamel— CHEER UP ! TRY (SOMETHING) SOAP. I do not mention the exact name of the soap, though it was pleasing and appropriate, because a censorious world, and even the editor of this periodical, might suspect an arrangement between the enthusiastic writer and the enterprising manufacturer. No, of the soap and its qualities as a detergent I know nothing, but it was the advice so energetically given in the advertisement that appealed to me. My heart beat in union with the advertiser, and, like the Ancient Mariner, I thought of that soap-boiler, "and blessed him unawares." Why have I not the pen of Mr. William Wordsworth or of Mr. William Watson ? Then I could treat this simple yet grand and ennobling topic in appropriate lyric verse. It is just the kind of thing that Wordsworth would have enjoyed doing with a diamond on the window-pane of the railway carriage. Lines written on the window-pane of a railway carriage after reading an advertisement of Something Soap— I passed upon the wins of Steam Along the valley fair, The book I read had such a theme As bids the soul despair. A tale of miserable men, Of hearts with doubt distraught, Wherein a melancholy pen With helpless problems fought. Where many a life was brought to dust, And many a heart laid low, And many a love was smirched with lust— I raised mine eyes, and oh ! I marked, upon a common wall, These simple words of hope, That meek appeal to one and all, CHEER UP ! USE SOMETHING SOAP ! "Behold," I cried, "the wiser touch That lifts the soul through cares !" I loved that soap-boiler so much "I blessed him unawares." Perchance he is some vulgar man, Engrossed in £ s. d. But, ah ! through Nature's holy plan He whispered hope to me ! Wordsworth, I think, would have done it something like that, but at considerably greater length and with more botanical detail. However, the intention is good, for surely, in this reflective age, we are grateful even to a soap-boiler who, at considerable expense, and, perhaps from motives not wholly unmixed, bids the world "Cheer up!" This is his message, as the saying goes. They talk much of messages at present ; of Carlyle's message, of Rossetti's message, and volumes are written about Mr. Browning's message. If he had a message at all, he expressed it in a manner somewhat embroiled and tormented. Yet, on the whole, he seems to have meant what Pippa sings and what the soap-boiler says. This is an excellent contrast to the message of modern novelists, who are spoken of as if they came down from a mountain, with the gloomiest scriptures on their "twopenny tablets." Lately an American review of a thoughtful character came into my hands. It contained long extracts from—three or four successful new romances, all as dark as an inky cloud, all rejoicing in merry days of desolation. If you only read the extracts, and avoided the author's names, you might have thought that they were all written by the same person, so careful, yet so totally unspontaneous, and so undistinguished was the style, so lugubrious were the dismal sentiments. In a preface to a translation from a modern Italian novel, Mr. Howells recommends it, if I remember his words correctly, as "rich in heart-break." As if heart-break was a desirable thing, which one should lay out half-a-crown on a translation from the Italian to acquire ! Dante assigned a special and hot corner in the "Inferno" to persons who voluntarily were miserable ; that corner will be populous if it become a duty to purchase Italian novels "rich" in heart-break" and stools to be melancholy upon. The soap-boiler gives wiser advice. If any popular author of to-day were to take, let us say, Bob Sawyer and Benjamin Allen for his topics, don't you see, a mile off, how he would treat them ? Bob and Ben would be rivals for the love of Bob's landlady ; the landlord, who was deficient in spirit, would take to drink, and commit suicide in some squalid way. The little slavey in the lodgings would become a mother in distressing and sordid circumstances, and would probably be hanged for killing the baby. Bob Sawyer would die of delirium tremens on the stage, with all the horrors ; Mr. Pickwick would appear as the cold, wicked bourgeois, Sam would rob him, Mr. Tracy Tupman would go melancholy mad, the poet Snodgrass would be an affected villain, un raté, as M. Daudet says, and, in brief, "Pickwick" would be "rich in heart-break," and totally destitute of humour, as becomes the romance of an age which discovers that our earth is "a withered star." All this would be uncommonly easy writing, as easy as whining, and would be thought extremely cultivated and sagacious. And yet this kind of thing is worthless, and, perhaps, even wicked. There is a dustbin in every house ; but we do not pass all our time in the dustbin, or confine our thoughts elusively to its deplorable contents. To dwell in the dustbin is the delight of modern fiction, the latest form of sermon-writing. The patriarch Job did not eternally sit on the dunghill and exercise himself with the potsherd. That was only a brief period of an existence, both fortunate and prolonged. Even Jeremiah had hours when he was not inditing Lamentations. An exclusive course of Lamentations is not good for a nation, nor for individuals. The sun still occasionally shines—indeed, as I write, I wish he did not shine quite so much, for there is a glare on the Rock Pool, which is full of fresh-run salmon. They, like modern philosophers, eat their flies in sadness, and decline to rise when the sun is on the water. Even so, the sun is welcome. MASTERS OF THE HUNTS. IV.—THE EARL OF MARCH. Sussex has always held its own as a hunting county, its fine wooded slopes affording shelter to all kinds of game, more especially the fox, the hunting of which has gone on there from time immemorial, particularly round about Charlton Forest, which is now a part of the Goodwood estate. The village of Charlton lies between Chichester and Midhurst, and Mr. T. J. Bennett, in his article in the Sussex THE EARL OF MARCH. Archæological Collections, calls it "the Melton Mowbray of its day," and states that it was the resort of all the boldest riders from all parts of England—indeed, so great was its reputation as a hunting centre that during the season many noblemen from France and Germany came over to participate in the sport. King William III, and the Grand Duke of Tuscany were among its visitors, and also the unfortunate Duke of Monmouth, who jestingly promised that when he became king he would hold his Court there. Suitable accommodation for such distinguished guests being difficult to obtain in Charlton, several noblemen built themselves houses in the neighbourhood, and the first Duke of Richmond purchased Goodwood from the Compton family, and made it his hunting seat. This was in the year 1720. In Charlton was a wonderful banqueting-room, designed and built by the Earl of Burlington, and called the Fox Hall, from the gilt figure of a fox which was put up in front of it by the Duchess of Bolton (Monmouth's sister). Here the wearied sportsmen were feasted and entertained, and in the evening brilliant assemblies were held by the Duchess of Richmond and her daughter, Lady Ann Lennox, which were graced by the presence of the Duchess of Bolton and many other ladies of rank and fashion. What gay gatherings these must have been ! How picturesque the costumes—the gentlemen with long flowing hair falling in ringlets on their shoulders, knee-breeches, swords, and bright-coloured coats and costly ruffles ; while the ladies wore hoops, fichus, and wimples, which were too soon discarded for the hideous erections of the Georgian period. Every sportsman was attended by his servant, the gorgeous and varied liveries of which, with the Charlton livery of blue with gold cord and tassels, added to the brightness of the picture. The hunt attained is highest glory when, on the retirement of the Duke of Bolton, the second Duke of Richmond assumed the entire management, assisted by Lord Delawarr, and with the renowned Tom Johnson as huntsman. The Master hunted every day, and continued to attract crowds of the nobility to the neighbourhood with the fame of his pack and he excellence of the sport. It was during this duke's Mastership that the most remarkable run ever recorded took place. It was on Friday, Jan. 26, 1738. It lasted ten hours, and only three persons were in at the death—namely, the duke of Richmond, General Hawley, and Bill Ives, yeoman pricker to his Majesty's Hounds. The third Duke of Richmond was not particularly noted as a sportsman, and did not keep up the reputation of the hunt as well as his predecessor. He built new kennels at Goodwood for his hounds, to which they were removed from Charlton ; and when the fourth duke went to Ireland as Lord Lieutenant he presented his pack to George IV., when they became the foundation of the present Royal Buckhounds, but ceased to exist as the Goodwood Hounds in 1813. The present Goodwood pack was revived in 1883, because Lord Leconfield, who, in addition to his own country, hunted the Goodwood country also by permission, gave up the Goodwood country ; and the Earl of March, not wishing that hunting should cease, re-established it, and built fine new kennels within a few yards of the site of the old ones. The Earl is an excellent master ; he is an experienced and ardent sportsman, and a bold rider. The country is hunted four days a week without a subscription—about the only district in England hunted under similar conditions. The Earl hunts one pack himself, and the huntsman the other. Most of the puppies are walked in the neighbourhood, but some are sent to the tenants in Scotland. The hunt uniform is blue with buff waistcoat ; evening dress, blue with buff silk linings and white waistcoat—the hunt servants wearing yellow coats with crimson collars and cuffs, a reproduction of the old uniform. That the traditions of Goodwood are still being ably kept up by the Master, the following record of runs during last season will prove— March 23.—The bitch pack first raced a fox to death on the hills in thirty-five minutes, and then took a fox across Midhurst Vale, and killed at Dangstein, after a good hunting run, both killed in the open ; and on April 18, fifty minutes' run, over Midhurst Vale, all grass, and killed. It is, I think, unprecedented for the Mastership of hounds to continue in one family through six generations, and under the able management of the Earl of March the Goodwood pack may become as famous in the future as they have been in the past. The present Master of the Goodwood is specially adapted for his position, being an ardent lover of all English and Scotch sports, and, with the exception of stag-hunting and pigeon-shooting, an adept at them all. Nor has his experiences been confined to England alone. The Earl of March can boast of having killed buffaloes and grizzly bears, and one winter he spent in a log hut at the foot of the Rocky Mountains, where he trapped all kinds of fur-bearing animals ; but, like all great men, he does not court publicity, and his adventures are only known to his few favoured friends. As a yachtsman, his lordship is the owner of the Hildegarde, a 200-ton schooner, which he bought from the Prince of Wales. For two terms of three years the Earl served as a Steward of the Jockey Club, and was the moving spirit in an inquiry last year which resulted in certain jockeys and "professional backers" being warned off the turf ; he was also the owner of several racehorses. In military circles his name is well known, having been in the Grenadier Guards ; and since 1876 he has commanded the Royal Sussex Militia, winning universal respect and esteem. The trial of a large number of Italian Anarchists for the revolutionary conspiracy at Rome last May has resulted in their condemnation to various terms of imprisonment, from ten months to three years, and police supervision to further periods. The police of Paris are now actively pursuing several known conspirators of the same faction, one of whom, named Ravachol, is a manufacturer of dynamite bombs. Professor R. K. Douglas, of King's College, a well-known Chinese scholar, and one of the staff of the British Museum Library, has been appointed Keeper of the new Oriental Department for the care of printed books and manuscripts in the Asiatic languages, in consequence of the retirement of Dr. Rieu, the Persian scholar. The action brought against the Rev. F. Wallis, Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, one of the Pro-Proctors of the University of Cambridge, for illegally arresting a girl named Daisy Hopkins, who was found in the street walking and talking with an undergraduate, was tried at Ipswich Assizes by Mr. Justice Mathew and a special jury on March 25. The jury found that the Pro-Proctor had reasonable grounds for suspecting the girl of improper conduct in which case her arrest was warranted by the University Charter ; the verdict was, therefore, for the defendant. Daisy Hopkins was imprisoned some days in the "Spinning House" under sentence by the Vice-Chancellor for her alleged offence. The management of the "Canadian Pacific Colonisation Corporation," a limited liability company started in 1889, in which a maiden lady, Miss Knox, unwarily lost £300, came before the Chancery Division of the High Court of Justice on Friday, March 25. The prospectus stated that the company had a capital of £500,000, and would have an annual income of £20,000, and that its guaranteed dividends, 7 per cent. minimum, were secured by Government and first-class banking and insurance stock ; also that the company would obtain vast prosperity by mining for coal. These statements were utterly false : the assets little exceeded £1000. The chairman was the Rev. Henry Hayman, D.D., honorary canon of Carlisle, rector of Aldingham, near Ulverston, and formerly head master of Rugby School. Miss Knox brought her action against Canon Hayman, Mr. W. H. Richards, Mr. James Fortescue Harrison, and Dr. George Whitla, directors of the company. Mr. Justice Kekewich gave judgment in her favour, on the ground that she was induced to take shares by fraudulent misrepresentations.428 — THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, APRIL 2, I892. — 429 430 The Illustrated London News April 2, 1892 Literature Mr. George Meredith's Poems Modern Love: A Reprint. To which is added "The Sage Enamored and the Honest Lady." By George Meredith. (Macmillan and Co.) - Every man who cares seriously for literature is born a Meredithian or an anti- Meredithian. Nobody merely "likes" or "approves" Mr. Meredith's writings: we are all either intensely enamoured of them or distinctly repelled by them. Mr. Meredith marks the great line of cleavage in literary taste: and herein consists his one resemblance to several other famous authors with whom he has nothing else in common. Thus, with regard to Shelley, for example, we are either (like Mr. Browning and Mr. Swinburne) enthusiasts, or else (like Carlye or Matthew Arnold) depreciators. Men like Shelley or Mr. Meredith will not put up with lukewarm affection, neither will they tolerate a languid disparagement. One must love them not at all or all in all. In direct proportion as one's concern with literature is earnest and vital, the work of these men either engages passionate sympathy or provokes violent antagonism. These writers themselves care for no half-measures. Like the cavalier poet, they seem to say - Give me more love or more disdain - The torrid or the frozen zone. With respect to popular appreciation, Mr. Meredith dwelt in the frozen zone for the greater part of his literary life; and the time when sudden summer began to flush the glacial waste is well within the memory even of such far from venerable persons as the present writer. The precipitate advent of splendid fame was something like the coming of a New England June, according to Lowell's descriptionn - Long she lies in wait, Makes many a feint, peeps forth, draws coyly back, Then, from some southern ambush in the sky, With one great gush of blossom storms the world. Indeed so ardent has been the glow of his latter-day celebrity, one can imagine it quite possible that Mr. Meredith may now and then sigh for a breath of cooler air - for a temperate twilight calm after the gorgeous solstice of his recent renown. It is true, however, that there are still many persons well able to give an account of themselves and of their opinions who have not joined in what has been wittily called the "Meredithyramb,:" and for the most part their attitude is somewhat after this fashion: they recognise he wealth (they themselves would probably say the heaped and disorderly opulence) of Mr. Meredith's ideas, and the tumultuous profusion of his matter; but they are natural aliens to his sphere; it is positively a case of racial antipathy - in a work, he was born George Meredith, and they wee born anti-Meredithians, and preordained as such from the beginning of things. Here and there, however, among these persons are some who, like myself, are not exactly "Meredithyrambic" so far as the novels are concerned, but who are in the habit of keeping Mr. Meredith the prose writer and Mr. Meredith the poet somewhat separate in their minds. To persons of this temper, certain qualities which they regard as brilliantly irrelevant and splendidly misplaced in the novels are entirely admirable in the poems; and this small sect will welcome with delight the appearance of a reprint which makes "Modern Love" once more easily accessible to the general reader. Perhaps they will regret that "Love in the Valley" - the most purely beautiful of is author's poems, and the one in which he has not disdained to be pellucidly simple and irresistibly melodious- is not included; for "The Sage Enamored" may, perhaps, tax their love not unseverely in very much the same way as "The Egoist" might conceivably do. My friend Mr. Dowden, in the Fortnightly Review for March, makes a rather curious defence of that obscurity or difficulty - call it what you will - of which "The Sage Enamored" certainly provides illustration. Mr. Dowden reminds his readers that in the last century Gary, who seems to us transparency itself, was commonly considered to be obscure; and he hints hat Mr. Meredith's intellectual sinuosities, his mind's intertwisted fibres serpentine, Upcoiling, and inveterately convolved, may, to the eye of posterity, purged by the ephrasy and rue of transcendent culture be as plain as is any pikestaff. Now, I do not think Mr. Dowden's analogy will bear examination. The last century had about the narrowest standard of lucidity that has ever existed. That century was extravagantly and notoriously enamoured of mere clearness, and found unintelligible a great deal of the poetry which the seventeenth and the sixteenth centuries could understand. But our own age is not marked by this exaggerated passion for mere transpicuity. On the contrary, such tolerance of obscurity and vagueness has never before been witnessed. Browning is he most obvious illustration. Had Browning's poetry appeared in any other critical age than our own the best-accredited judges would have said, "This writer has not mastered the elementary art of making his meaning plain: he expects us to disentangle the threads which he himself declines to take the trouble of unravelling for us" - but our contemporaries patiently plod their way through jungles of contorted and tormented language, and seem rather to enjoy the exercise. An inclination to be distrustful of writing which the author has been at pains to clarify ( I say "at pains," because it is always easier to be obscure and confused than transparent and simple) is rather the rule nowadays, and it is far more probable that the twentieth century will see a reaction in favour of something like eighteenth-century straightforwardness than an increased lenience towards opacity of thought or tortuosity of style. For these reasons I cannot but believe that "The Sage Enamoured and the Honest Lady" will not stand the test of time so well as the equally subtle and infinitely more vivid, dramatic, and moving verse of "Modern Love," This letter is truly a great poem. It is a leaf torn out of the book of life, and dripping with life's red reality. If in this wonderful series of so-called sonnets Mr. Meredith is ever transiently incoherent, the incoherence is no mere verbal obscurity no surface-vice of manner, but the thick utterance of tumultuary feeling. For the most part, indeed, the style is admirable for its precision of clear-cut outline, despite the complexity of emotions which chase and cross one another and of passions which interact and intervolve. But "Modern Love," fortunately, is no new addition to the glories of English literature, and there is, perhaps, a certain impertinence in writing about a classic work like this in the tone of a reviewer appraising a new and untried performance. One's excuse is that the poem has been for a good while past out of reach of the regular book-buying public, and in consenting to the present reprint Mr. Meredith makes a concession for which all lovers of what is at once deep and high in poetry will be grateful. Those who look upon verse as an elegant recreation may be warned off at once. To read "Modern Love is not exactly to "follow the delightful Muse;" the theme is painful, not delightful at all; but it is the mysterious province of tragic art to distill from moral pain aesthetic pleasure; and Mr. Meredith's art, as a poet, is above all else tragic. He deals with Life - And Life, some think, is worthy of the Muse. It is no fault of his, any more than of Shakspere's or Dante's, if life is not all an affair of the nightingale and the rose. I cannot help wishing Mr. Meredity would see fit to confer upon us a complete edition of all his poetry; and why should it not include a selection from the verse, curiously Eastern in tone, that is sprinkled over the gorgeously fantastic pages of "The Shaving of Shagpat?" William Watson. Miss Marianne North's Recollections. Recollections of a Happy Life: Being the Autobiography of Marianne North. Edited by her sister, Mrs. John Addington Symonds. Two vols. (Macmillan and Co.) - The enterprising journeys of several English ladies, accomplished students and observers of nature, good amateur artists, bright and pleasing descriptive writers, have furnished some of our best accounts and pictures of remote countries, now so readily accessible by the ubiquitous British steamship. To Miss Constance Gordon Cumming, to Mrs. Bishop, formerly Miss Isabella Bird, and to the late Miss Marianne North, a scientific naturalist and a generous woman, the donor of a costly addition to the natural treasury of botanical knowledge a Kew, we are indebted for books that will be valued and perused long after the crude notes of the ordinary "globe-trotter" have been put off he library shelves. Miss North, who died, to our sincere regret, at her home near Alderley, in Gloucestershire, on Aug. 30 1890, then sixty years of age, was never ambitious of the fame of an authoress, but left a quantity of manuscript, compiled from her diaries, which has by the advice of Sir Joseph Hooker, Mr. Francis Galton, and other friends, been prepared for this publication. Its editorship has been performed by Mrs. Addington Symonds, her sister, wife of the thoughtful literary scholar and critical historian of the Italian Renaissance, with equal good taste, skill, and accuracy in details, so as to make these volumes an agreeable contrast to he frequent slovenly composition of common books of travel. In simplicity and purity of style, with abudant vivacity, the epistolary writings or private journals of a highly-educated woman are often better than deliberate works of masculine authorship; and this merit will certainly be recognised in Miss North's artless but graphic and lively narratives of many "happy" wandering years. They begin in July 1871, omitting her earlier visits to Egypt and Syria with her father, the late Mr. Frederick North, M.P. for Hastings, but the first chapter on "Early Days and Home Life" presents engaging family reminiscences, and notes of a residence in Germany, Switzerland, and the Tyrol. Miss North afterwards spent fifteen years, as an independent maiden lady traveller all over the world, in exploring the beauties and wonders of natural history, and in delineating the forms of plants and animals, making the instructive collection of water-colour drawings which she gave to the Kew Museum, with a special gallery built at her expense. The different countries which in this aspect, but at the same time with regard also to their human and social interests, both colonial and native, are successively brought under view, commencing with the tour of the United States and Canada in 1871, lie mostly in tropical or semi-tropical regions, or in the Southern Hemisphere. These are Jamaica, Brazil, Singapore, Borneo, and java; Ceylon, Australia, Tasmania, South Africa, and Seychelles Islands, and Chile, besides which some of the most interesting parts of India, the Himalayan stations, and the Rajpoot States, also Teneriffe, are particularly described. To some readers, the Brazilian experiences, including rather arduous journeys to the highlands, to Minas Geraes, the Morro Velho goldmine and that of Rossa Grande, may bring acceptable information. We feel much attracted by Miss North's delightful account of Rajah Brooke's well-managed principality in Borneo, with his docile subjects the Dyaks; and by that of the admirable Dutch colonial administration in Java, with its perfect system of cultivation, the hospitality of European officials and settlers,and the unequalled natural scenery of the island. He visits to Japan, and on two occasions in 1875 and in 1881, to California, could not show us so many things with which other travels had not already made us sufficiently acquainted. She is always at her best amid the luxuriant vegetation and teeming varieties of bird, insect, and reptile life in tropical climes; but Australia and South Africa, with their striking peculiarities in the forms of plants and animals, produced numerous objects of scientific interest. New Zealand, though she visited its chief towns and the lakes of its South Island, she was scarcely able to appreciate, suffering then from ill-health and unfavourable weather. All her personal advenures, and he acts of kindness which she never fails to acknowledge, are related in a cheerful spirit of general sociability, with a womanly tenderness for children, a sympathy with her own sex, and a humorous enjoyment of small grotesque oddities in costume and manners, that only feminine authorship and keen observation would have secured. Miss North was one who certainly deserved "a happy life," and whose recollections of it are happily told; but few women can follow her example. Matthew Arnold. The Bibliography of Matthew Arnold. Compiled and edited by Thomas Burnett Smart. (J. Davy and Sons.) - In his generous estimate of Matthew Arnold - an estimate the more valuable when the throbbing, thought-bare verse of the critic is contrasted with the stately, pregnant verse of the criticised - Mr. Swinburne speaks of him as "he surest-footed poet of our time, the most to be relied on." More Greek than Roman, he has, to quote the late Professor Sellar, that "perfectly balanced sanity of genius" which made the Greeks apply the word δoφoí to their poets, and this an increasing number of thoughtful persons are coming to see. Hence this bibliography may be sure of a welcome, if only that it helps us to follow the career of poems whose withdrawals and reappearances throw a light on Arnold's assessment and his own work. On this matter, had the plan of the book permitted, an extract from the preface to the poems published in 1853, explaining the omission of "Empedocles on Etna" would have been interesting. Mr. Smart has the art of taking pains, which, if it be not the note of genius, is essential to such work as the production of a bibliography, and he has the thanks of every lover of Matthew Arnold for this complete record of his wok in literature. The book is singularly free from errors - we have noted only one: "Fox How" is printed "Fow How" on page 77. Should a second edition be called for, we suggest that it be issued in crown octavo, uniform with the later editions of the poems. Literary Gossip. George Eliot once declared, in the Westminster Review, that "Pickwick" would be incomprehensible to the succeeding generation; but here, long after the expiration of copyright, we have from Messrs.Macmillan an edition which is in every way ideal. Collecctors will still pay fabulous prices for the early issues, which contain the two Buss plates; but in the introduction by Charles Dickens the younger which is furnished to the new issue are reproductions of these plates, and also of one by Buss which was never used a all. The book also includes other early attempts by "Crowquill" and Sharp and all the original illustrations by Hablot Browne. The volume, which commences an entirely new edition of Dickens, is admirably printed and bound. Among the unconsidered trifles of journalism that may one day be numbered among things of price are the early numbers of the Argus, a Liverpool journal of opinion and criticism, which was established in 1876, and lived for two or three years. Its opening issue contained the first published poem of Mr. William Watson, a bright musical lyric, entitled "Poeta Musae," and an article on a theatrical matter by Mr. Hall Caine. Mr. Watson was then a youth in his teens, and Mr. Caine, who was some ten years older, was engaged in business in Liverpool, occupying his leisure with miscellaneous journalism. The former, in addition to his publications in verse, contributed to the Argus a series of papers on "The German Musical Composers, and he latter brightened the paper by his weekly dramatic notes, headed "From Our Stall," and signed with the four initials T.H.H.C., the firs two of which he afterwards dropped. Mr. William Tirebuck whose novel "Dorrie" has recently won golden opinions, was another writer whose work first saw the light in the Argus, and the remaining copies of the little journal, which must be very scarce, are of considerable literary interest. Readers of Lamb's letters will remember one (it was dated Jan. 21, 1799) in which he sends Southey a number of lines which he meant "to clap in somewhere" into "John Woodvil." His intention was not carried out, and the lines are to be found only in the letter. Speaking of the hero, old Sir Walter says - I saw him on the day of Worcester flight, Whither he came at twice seven years. There did I see this valiant Lamb of Mars Prick forth with such mirth into the field. The rough fanatic and blood-practised soldiery, Seeing such hope and virtue in the boy; Disclosed their ranks to let him pass unhurt, Checking their swords' uncivil injuries. It would appear that such good-natured chivalry was not unknown in the Peninsular War. A story is told in the recently published life of General Crauford, who commanded our Light Division in Spain, that on one occasion a certain Major Campbell charged right on to the French bayonets. His horse being killer, he backed out of the enemy's ranks, and walked away unhasting (probably also unresting) and scathless, for the French officer forbade his men to fire. Nobody now gathers wisdom or knowledge of old English country ways from that earlier and less fortunate "Poor Richard," Thomas Tusser, and but for his niche in Fuller's gallery of "Worthies," he might have been forgotten by all but book-collectors. Fuller's account is neatly summed up in the following stanza, found written on the flyleaf of an old copy of the "Five Hundredth Pointes of Good Husbandrie"--- Tusser, they tell me when thon wert alive, Though teaching others, thyself could never thrive; So, like the whetstone, many men are wont To sharpen others when themselves are blunt. Everyone knows that the word "notable" has two meanings. It is used as synonymous with noteworthy, remarkable, distinguished, and also with careful, capable thrifty; its application in the latter sense being always, or generally, to a woman in her domestic capacity, a notable housewife. But everyone does not know that its common use in the first sense, which is, of course, its etymological sense, is comparatively recent. Such, at any rate, is the only inference to be drawn from a curious little passage in Hazlitt's "Conversations of James Northcote, Esq., R.A." (1830.) " When Northcote first came to Sir Joshua he wished very much to see Goldsmith, and one day Sir Joshua, on introducing him, asked why he had been so anxious to see him. ' Because,' said Northcote, ' he is a notable man.' This expression, ' notable,' in its ordinary sense, was so contrary to Goldsmith's character that they both burst out a-laughing very heartily." There could hardly be a better judge of verbal usage than Hazlitt, who, so late as the year in which the "Conversations" were published, thought it necessary to append to the word ' notable' the explanatory footnote---"That is, a remarkable man." K. NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS---SELECTED. "Modern French Artillery," with Illustrations of French War-Ships by James Dredge. (Office of Engineering, 35, Bedford Street, Strand.) "Memoirs of Marguerite de Valois, Queen of Navarre." Written by her own hand. Newly translated into English, with an Introduction and Notes by Violet Fane. (John C. Nimmo.) "The Soul of Lilith," by Marie Corelli. Three vols. (Bentley.) "A Fellowe and His Wife," by Blanche Willis Howard and William Sharp. (Osgood and McIlvaine.) "Admiral of the Fleet Sir Provo Wallis: A Memoir," by J. G. Brighton. (Hutchinson.) "Just Impediment," by Richard Pryce. (Griffin and Farran.) "Cressy to Tel-el-Kebir: A Narrative Poem descriptive of the Deeds of the British Army," by Charles Rathbone Low. (W. Mitchell and Co., 9, Craig's Court.) " 'La Bella' and Others, being Certain Stories Re-collected," by Egerton Castle. (Cassell.) "Travels amongst the Great Andes of the Equator," by Edward Whymper. (John Murray.) "Maisie Derrick," by Katherine S. Macquoid. (A. D. Innes and Co.) "The Fig and the Idler: An Algerian Legend, and Other Stories," by Alphonse Daudet. (T. Fisher Unwin.) "Political Pamphlets," edited by George Saintsbury. (Percival and Co.) "Eunice Anscombe," by Mrs. J. E. H. Gordon. (Sampson Low and Co.) "Rambles Round Rugby," by Alfred Rimmer, with an introductory chapter by the Rev. W. H. Payne Smith. (Percival and Co.) "Rose and Ninette," by Alphonse Daudet. Translated by Mary J. Serrano. (T. Fisher Unwin.) APRIL 2, 1892 THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS 431 ART NOTES. The spring exhibition of the Royal Society of British Artists contains few pictures which will make it noteworthy in the annals of the Suffolk Street veterans , and whatever interest may attach to it is due to the younger recruits. No society seems to suffer more acutely than this from the ebb and flow of the painter-instinct or aptitude. Among the larger pictures which attract the eye Mr. Nelson Dawson's "Last of the Light" may be admired for many artistic qualities, but as a transcript of nature it will not bear criticism, it being impossible to conceive shoal water at any time, least of all after sundown, of the deep blue depicted; and Mr .A. Priestman's "Whitbarrow Scar," a fine sketch of the headland rising above the still waters of the Firth, is spoilt by its patchiness. Mr. Yeend King may be congratulated upon having discovered that Nature is not always as green as he painted her; and both his "Morning in the Woods" and "Nearly Home," an evening treatment of a similar scene, show a pleasing variation from his usual colouring. Mr. W. S. Jay's "Peafield" and Mr. Anderson Hague's "Hayfield by the Conway" are exceptionally good instances of truthful painting, and Mr. Frank Brangwyn's sketch for a picture---a group of dock labourers and loafers---is excellently composed. Among the works by the younger aspirants to fame, Mr. Heath Wilson's "Sunny Pastures," Mr. E. J. Cobbett's "Rustic Funeral," Mr. Arthur Ryle's "Loch Shore," and Miss F. M. Reid's "Flemish Market-Place" show more than usual promise. Among the figure - painters, Mr. Hubert Vos's "Faith," an old Flemish woman kneeling on her rush - bottomed prie-dieu, is perhaps the most masterly bit of technical skill in the exhibition; but Mr. W. H. Llewelyn's simple Cornish fisherman seems to have more point and character. Among the watercolours, Mr. Albert Kinsley's "Autumn Gleams," Mr. Hay Campbell's "Corner of the Edinburgh Grass-Market," and Mr. Mottram's Cornish studies are attractive works, although none exhibit any very distinctive power or originality. "South Africa" is becoming such a favourite winter resort that an acknowledgment is due to Messrs. Frank Brangwyn and William Hunt for familiarising us with some of the features of the country. The collection of sketches made by the two artists now on view at the Japanese Gallery (28, New Bond Street) is, however, not only attractive on account of the novelty of the scenes visited, but for the excellent work which they have been able to produce under difficulties. Roughly speaking, the studies of South African "life" --- Boer, British, Hotentot, and Kafir --- are left to Mr. Frank Brangwyn, while the scenery from their halting place at Funchal (Madeira) to Cape Town and its environs and all the way up to Kimberley has been depicted by Mr. William Hunt, who shows himself fully worthy of his companion. Here and there in such studies as those of "Ploughing and Digging Vines," or of the "Street Industries of Paarl"---a village or town of a single street five miles long---we obtain a real insight into the every-day life of an interesting people scarcely a fortnight's journey from London, and destined to play an important part in the future history of our country. As for the conditions under which they live, Mr. Hunt's views of Table Mountain, of the outskirts of Cape Town, of the Diep River Flats, and the more remote range of the Drakenstein, leave the impression that our friends and relatives at the other end of terra firma enjoy many advantages which we should gladly share with them, and one cannot be surprised at the increasing leave such a scene as Mr. Brangwyn gives of the "Outward Bound" for the charms of the Lion Mountain which Mr. Hunt shows are awaiting him at the end of his short voyage. Mr. Ponsonby Staples has succeeded in making a vivid portrait of the late Cardinal Manning, as he appeared at almost, if not quite, the last reception he held at his house, last July. He is the central figure of a group of distinguished Roman Catholics, who seem instinctively to have gathered round their leader on this occasion. The Cardinal is earnestly talking to the Duke of Norfolk---the only other seated figure--- while in prominence are to be seen Lord Ripon bending over a statuette of St. Peter---the only ornament on the table--- Sir Charles Russell, Mr. Secretary Matthews, Mr. Justice Day, Colonel Prendergast, and many other well-known faces. Mr. Staples has had to contend with the difficulties of an imperfectly lighted room, and the still greater ones of our modern evening dress, but he has surmounted them with no little skill, while the portrait of the wan and worn Cardinal is full of dignity and character. The Italian Chamber of Deputies has recently passed a Bill which is of considerable interest to collectors in this and other countries. This Bill, to which has been given the name of the "Catenaccio Artistico" ---in reference to a high-handed political measure with which the Rudini Ministry inaugurated its career---lays down with extraordinary minuteness the rights of owners to the works of art in their possession. It must be borne in mind that not a few of the picture galleries at Rome are held by their titular owners in trust for the public; but these trusts, in many instances created generations back, have, it is held, in some cases lapsed. For example, the Sciarra Gallery, now belonging to Prince Maffeo Sciara, as the heir of the Barberini and Sciara families, was originally protected by a trust-deed of Urban VIII. Since 1795 the trusteeship ahs been several times suppressed and re-established, with Prince Sciarra declares that none of the recent laws with respect to the conservation of art treasures is applicable to his collection. The Minister of Fine Arts, however, took a different view, and ordered an inventory to be made of the contents of the gallery, when it appears that some pictures were missing, among others "A Violin-Player" by Raffaelle, a "Bello" of Titian, and "The Gamesters" of Caravaggio. A great outcry arose in Rome and elsewhere that the art treasures of the State were being clandestinely dispersed. IN view of the public feeling thus aroused, the Minister of Public Instruction, Signor Villari, asked the Chamber for a credit of half a million of lire (£20,000) to enable him to buy up the private rights in picture galleries and collections to even individual objects which were certified by a commission of experts to possess an historical or artistic value. All such objects were to remain in the cities where they were; if the owner is unable or unwilling to sell his art treasures to the State, the State is to appoint a guardian and may levy an entrance-fee; if the owner fails to conform [photo] Photo by Russell and Sons, Baker Street. MISS MARY ANSELL, AS NANCY O'BRIEN, IN MR. J. M. BARRIE'S PLAY, "WALKER, LONDON." to the law, he is liable to fines varying from 20 to 3000 lire, and to imprisonment for a period varying from three to thirty months. In this way it is hoped that some vestiges of Italian art may be preserved for Italians. How long will it be before England will find it necessary to do the like for its masterpieces? A scamper through the studios of the non-Academicians on "Show Sunday" revealed some striking artistic work. Mr. Alfred East sends delightful landscapes to the Academy and the New Gallery; Mr. Shannon a bold and powerful representation of "orpheus and Eurydice in the Shades"; Mr. Arthur Hacker a most ambitious "Annunciation of the Virgin," carried out with the same skill and invention which characterised his "Christ and the Magdalene" of last year; while Miss Ethel Wright, whose portrait by Mr. Hacker appeared in last year's Academy, has given further evidence of her own development as an artist by her "Good Morning, Pierrot." Mr. Rudolph Lehmann sends a delightful historical study--- quite a change from his familiar portraiture and his exquisite "Undine"---in the shape of a picturesque incident in the life of the Lord Protector Cromwell: it represents the victorious general arriving late one evening at the castle of a Royalist leader. He spends the night asleep in an arm-chair, while the noble dame sits opposite, loaded pistol in hand. It is, among the critics, a quite stereotyped phrase to say year by year that we have "a bad Academy," but to see many of the pictures in the studios is calculated to give one a contrary impression, an impression of boundless labour and transcendent capacity on the part of many of the art workers in our midst. MISS MARY ANSELL. It is always pleasant to welcome and to encourage any young actress who promises to be a very valuable student in the school of English life and manners. No one who has seen Miss Mary Ansell's performance in Mr. J. M. Barrie's delightful house-boat play at Toole's Theatre can fail to be impressed with the singular charm, grace, and unaffected merriment with which she enters into a well-known phase of English girlhood. Although we are continually crying out to the contrary, we have in reality an English school of acting---not very defined perhaps, not the result of training and tuition, a haphazard, happy-go-lucky school, but still one that fairly illustrates English life and character, the gay freedom of our young womanhood as distinct from---for instance---the strictness, the formality, and the artificiality of a girl's existence in France. We all know the French ingenue, and we are not disinclined to laugh at her. And yet she represents fairly and accurately the condition of many young women brought up in a manner even more severe and angular than that endured by our grandmothers and great-grandmothers. Mdile. Reichenberg, at the Comedie Francaise, is the typical French ingenue, the simpering Miss, the trained doll, the girl with the downcast eyes and prim manners who has just closed the convent-doors behind her, and is not supposed to know anything of the world until Alphonse or Achille has presented himself, in a tail-coat and white gloves, to ask for her hand, and has been permitted to lead her gaily forth into the world from the domestic cloister. Then, and not before, does the butterfly spread her wings and soar into the infinite. Then only, to use a vulgar phrase, "she is in the know." She is false for about eighteen years, and, as a rule, terribly natural afterwards. Such a girl as that we do not know in England. An ingenue, in the French sense, is here at home an unknown quantity. Our girls are brought up on a freer and healthier system. They are not continually watched. They are left very much to themselves. They boat and fish and row, and join their brothers in their games; they take long walks and an immense amount of exercise; they allow the sun to burn their faces brown, and do not disdain freckles; and they are never so happy as when they are in the air, strengthening their limbs and chaffing the boys in their immediate neighbourhood. Such girls are not necessarily unwomanly. Sometimes, perhaps, they allow their spirits to get the better of them, and become too masculine in their habits and phraseology; but, after all, the "buttercup girl," as Mrs. Lynn Linton once called her, is a very wholesome, winsome, and delightful creature. Such an English girl Mr. Barrie ventured to sketch on board the Thames house-boat. She is a picture from life. She is painted from the gay book of human nature. We know her and we love her---she is the life and soul of riverside existence. To call such a girl fast or unwomanly is absurd. She is as English as the scene around her, as free as the river on which she "paddles her own canoe," as fragrant as the Thames meadow-sweet, as gay as the dragon-flies and the kingfishers who dwell among the long purples or ski across the hayfields and backwaters. She is just the girl that Miss Mary Ansell reproduces for us with such charm and unaffected gaiety. Watch her as, with a true spirit of mischief, she pretends to make love to Mr. Toole, the bogus traveller; behold her, girlish and innocent, brimming over with fun, stealing a pair-of-gloves kiss from the lazy, sleepy boy-cricketer known as "W. G."' welcome her with all her frankness and sweetness as she falls into the conquering arms of the young medical student. Everyone must enjoy these sunny pictures of English life, and thank the actress for reproducing such intimate traits of English girlhood. We are warned that the drama of the future is to deal with hospital studies and the agonies of diseased mankind, and the insolence of emancipated women and the advantages of uncontrolled sex. Meanwhile, it is good and wholesome and right to see English girls as they are---free as the air and yet modest, unwatched and yet innocent, as full of laughter as of dignity. Mr. Barrie has suggested such a girl, but assuredly Miss Mary Ansell has in this instance personated her to our delight, encouragement, and refreshment. C. S. The suit in the Probate Court relating to the property, over £140,000, left by the late Mrs. Wood, of Eltham, disputed between Mrs. Parnell, formerly Mrs. O'Shea, and her brothers, General Sir Evelyn Wood and Mr. Charles Page Wood, was terminated on March 24 by a compromise, on the basis of an equal division of the money. By the resettlement of Mrs. Parnell's property after the O'Shea divorce suit, half her share will go to Captain O'Shea.THE ILLLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, APRIL 2, 1892.—432 AN OLD LOVE-STORY. The Night wears gems in her long dark hair, Her breath is the breath of the open rose; The waves are a-tremble, a-tremble to bear The silvery steps of the dance she goes. For she dances as one whose heart is glad, To a winsome music, swift and bright, Till the ripples laugh and the winds go mad In the flying hair of the wanton Night. "Night loved me once," the white Day cries— "Night with the stars that strew her hair; But now, at my coming, she turns and flies; I break my heart, and she will not care!" Yet just when the sunset lights the main, And he passes in golden death away, Shyly the Night creeps back again To kiss the eyes of the dying Day. BARRY PAIN. THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, APRIL 2, 1892.—433 DEATH OF WALT WHITMAN. Reprinted from the Bolton Evening Guardian, March 29th, 1892. Walt Whitman, the American author and poet, died on Saturday, in his 73rd year. Mr. Whitman was born May 31, 1819, about 30 miles from New York City, at West Hills, Suffolk County, New York. He had a plain education in the public schools, learned the trade of printer, and edited newspapers. After a tour through the Middle, Southern, and Western States, he lived and worked in New York City till 1862, when he left for Washington, and the front of the Civil War. His intense and continued personal occupation day and night for over two years following in nursing the army WALT WHITMAN. wounded and sick, Northern and Southern alike, resulted in a severe prostration and paralysis at the end of the contest, from when he had suffered ever since, though his mind remained unimpaired. He was author of 'Leaves of Grass,' a book of poems; 'Specimen Days and Collects,' a prose autobiography and notes of the war-hospitals and a collection of various essays; and 'November Boughs.' The news of the death of Walt Whitman was received by Dr. Johnston on Sunday morning by cablegram from Mr. Traubel, Whitman's most intimate friend, who has sent to Dr. Johnston daily bulletins of the state of the poet's health. For some few years past a warm friendship existed between Whitman and a literary society in Bolton, whose members are enthusiastic students of the poet's works and admirers of his personal character. When Dr. Johnston visited America in 1890 he paid a visit to Whitman at his home in Camden, New Jersey, and was very cordially received. Upon his return from America he published for private circulation a pamphlet entitled 'Notes of visit to Walt Whitman in July, 1890,' in which he gave his impressions of him and his unique surroundings, and reported the conversations he had with him. This pamphlet received the endorsement of Whitman himself and of many of his intimate friends, including John Addington Symonds, W. M. Rossetti, Professor Dowden, and John Burroughs, to whom copies were sent at Whitman's request, as well as to Lord Tennyson, who sent an autograph letter in acknowledgment. Dr. Johnston, who is an enthusiastic amateur photographer, secured one or two good negatives of Whitman, and one of his photographs was subsequently reproduced in the Review of Reviews. In the following year Mr. J. W. Wallace, another Bolton gentleman, stayed at Camden for three weeks, and enjoyed daily intercourse with Whitman, who, until he was unable from sheer bodily weakness, kept up a regular correspondence with both the gentlemen named. The last letter received from him by Dr. Johnston contained a request that it should be reproduced and sent to all Whitman's intimate friends in America, Europe, and Australia. A fac-simile was lithographed by Messrs. Hasler, Watson, and Co., and copies were sent to over 70 different persons. The daily reports of Whitman's condition in his declining days have been forwarded by Dr. Johnston to numerous English friends. Beautiful Christmas gifts were received from Whitman by Dr. Johnston and Mr. Wallace in the shape of autograph copies of the last edition of his 'Leaves of grass.' A melancholy interest attaches to Whitman's last poem, which appears in the April number of Harper's Magazine, accompanying a picture by Innes, entitled 'The valley of the shadow of death.' Photo by Sarony, New York. THE LATE WALT WHITMAN. BORN MAY 31, 1819; DIED MARCH 26, 1892.DEATH OF WALT WHITMAN. Reprinted from the Bolton Evening Guardian, March 29th, 1892. Walt Whitman, the American author and poet, died on Saturday, in his 73rd year. Mr. Whitman was born May 31, 1819, about 30 miles from New York City, at West Hills, Suffolk County, New York. He had a plain education in the public schools, learned the trade of printer, and edited newspapers. After a tour through the Middle, Southern, and Western States, he lived and worked in New York City till 1862, when he left for Washington, and the front of the Civil War. His intense and continued personal occupation day and night for over two years following in nursing the army WALT WHITMAN. wounded and sick, Northern and Southern alike, resulted in a severe prostration and paralysis at the end of the contest, from which he had suffered ever since, though his mind remained unimpaired. He was author of 'Leaves of Grass,' a book of poems; 'Specimen Days and Collects,' a prose autobiography and notes of the war-hospitals and a collection of various essays; and 'November Boughs.' The news of the death of Walt Whitman was received by Dr. Johnston on Sunday morning by cablegram from Mr. Traubel, Whitman's most intimate friend, who has sent to Dr. Johnston daily bulletins of the state of the poet's health. For some few years past a worm friendship existed between Whitman and a literary society in Bolton, whose members are enthusiastic students of the poet's works and admirers of his personal character. When Dr. Johnston visited America in 1890 he paid a visit to Whitman at his home in Camden, New Jersey, and was very cordially received. Upon his return from America he published for private circulation a pamphlet entitled 'Notes of visit to Walt Whitman in July, 1890,' in which he gave his impressions of him and his unique surroundings, and reported the conversations he had with him. This pamphlet received the endorsement of Whitman himself and of many of his intimate friends, including John Addington Symonds, W. M. Rossetti, Professor Dowden, and John Burroughs, to whom copies were sent at Whitman's request, as well as to Lord Tennyson, who sent an autograph letter in acknowledgment. Dr. Johnston, who is an enthusiastic amateur photographer, secured one or two good negatives of Whitman, and one of his photographs was subsequently reproduced in the Review of Reviews. In the following year Mr. J. W. Wallace, another Bolton gentleman, stayed at Camden for three weeks, and enjoyed daily intercourse with Whitman, who, until he was unable from sheer bodily weakness, kept up a regular correspondence with both the gentlemen named. The last letter received from him by Dr. Johnston contained a request that it should be reproduced and sent to all Whitman's intimate friends in America, Europe, and Australia. A fac-simile was lithographed by Messrs. Hasler, Watson, and Co., and copies were sent to over 70 different persons. The daily reports of Whitman's condition in his declining days have been forwarded by Dr. Johnston to numerous English friends. Beautiful Christmas gifts were received from Whitman by Dr. Johnston and Mr. Wallace in the shape of autograph copies of the last edition of his 'Leaves of grass.' A melancholy interest attaches to Whitman's last poem, which appears in the April number of Harper's Magazine, accompanying a picture by Innes, entitled 'The valley of the shadow of death.'THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, APRIL 2, 1892.—432 AN OLD LOVE-STORY. The Night wears gems in her long dark hair, Her breath is the breath of the open rose; The waves are a-tremble, a-tremble to bear The silvery steps of the dance she goes. For she dances as one whose heart is glad, To a winsome music, swift and bright, Till the ripples laugh and the winds go mad In the flying hair of the wanton Night. "Night loved me once," the white Day cries— "Night with the stars that strew her hair; But now, at my coming, she turns and flies; I break my heart, and she will not care!" Yet just when the sunset lights the main, And he passes in golden death away, Shyly the Night creeps back again To kiss the eyes of the dying Day. BARRY PAIN. THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, APRIL 2, 1892.—433434 THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS April 2, 1892 J. G. Millais GAME BIRDS AND SHOOTING SKETCHES. A SNIPY ONE UNDER THE KITE. Game Birds and Shooting Sketches. By John Guille Millais, F.Z.S. (London : Henry Sotheran and Co.)—Mr. John Guille Millais is happy in his dedication of this book, for the marquis of Breadalbane must ever be remembered as the preserver of the capercaillie to Scotland ; and even at this moment, when the Duke of Fife and many others are striving to do all possible for the better breeding of the "Cock of the Woods" (Tetrao urogallus), it is to the marquis alone that the abundance of caper in Perthshire, Stirlingshire, and Forfarshire may be ascribed. At the close of the eighteenth century all sportsmen admitted that the silent-winged frequenter of the pine forests of Norway had practically become extinct in the Highlands. Little known in this country at all, the fascination of the sport which it had afforded to the hardy men of Stirling all but forgotten, it was the marquis of Breadalbane who determined that he would be the father of the renaissance, and who carried out his work with a thoroughness and a success which made all sportsmen grateful to him. The great capercaillie is now, says Mr. Millais, slowly and steadily increasing, "and in most of the places which may be regarded as their home in this country hard shooting, at any rate, does not seem to diminish their numbers." They abound J G M G. E. L. Sc. GROUSE DISTURBED. in many of the northern shires; there are a few in Aberdeenshire and Argyleshire, one has even been killed as far south as Dalmeny, in Midlothian. And then, with a closeness of observation which is worthy of all praise, the ornithologist devotes many pages to an entertaining and brightly written paper on the habits of the "caper," and on many facts pertaining to him. The spirit of the ardent "shootist" is manifest in every page— it is at once the work of a sportsman and the work of a naturalist—and whether surprising the birds for the more serious purpose of correcting the South Kensington Museum, or laughing in his sleeve at the tyro who has allowed three cocks to glide past him as only the "caper" can glide, the author is equally bright and ever interesting. In this portion of the magnificently illustrated work, as, indeed, all through the illustrations confirm Mr. Millais's friends in their regret that he has taken up the sword to lay down the pencil. The exquisite finish of the coloured plates is only rivalled by the admirable drawing in the autotypes and the detail of the wood-engravings. Whether he shows the capercaillie cocks fighting at daybreak, the home of the bird by the lichens in the Murtly Woods—alas ! that Murtly is no more to him—or the fall of the hen caper, shot dead, its legs drawn up, its white-tipped feathers flying, he is equally facile. Many of these pictures are worthy of the highest praise, and there is no observant sportsman who will not vouch for the accuracy of them. So, too, in the admirable chapters on grouse-shooting. Here is one who has made the grouse his friend; who avers that there is no more delightful pet; who has trained a grouse to be the plague of a tennis-court, the cause of hastily chosen expression on the part of the tennis-player. Or come with him as he watches the game at rest—observes every subtle advance in the amatory "cheeping" of the spring-glad hen or the mating cock. The sheer love of observation has caused him even to forget that the keepers have gone to stalk a roebuck, and, throwing down his gun, he waits to analyse every motion as the alarm-note is J G M G E L sc GROUSE RESTING. sounded, as the birds crouch, become still; or rise to the greater danger. With black game and ptarmigan, too, Mr. Millais is no less consistent. He has camped in Iceland in the M'yvatn district, and by the Fly-Lake he has found ptarmigan as numerous as grouse on a well-stocked moor ; he has shot the eagle's prey on the summits of the stone-crowned hills of Rosshire 1891 BORN, 1753. DIED, 1828. THOMAS BEWICK. From the Picture by Sir J. E. Millais, R.A. and Inverness ; he has not slept a wink for four nights by the Skafandi Luna, listening to the early morning "ptam" of the cock ptarmigan, stung beyond the bounds of exasperation by the hideous mosquito of the M'yvatn. Such patience and such enterprise has borne its fruit. There are descriptions of the habits of the game throughout the book which are worthy of the best miniatures of the naturalist. In his enthusiasm the author often colours his word-pictures as he has coloured his plates. One can share all his ardour as "he sits disconsolately waiting for the mist to rise . . . surrounded by the ptarmigan, of whose presence he was probably unaware but a few moments before. Now they appear to be perched on the rocks on all sides of him, and brighten to a certain extent the oppressive and death-like stillness by their harsh though not unpleasant notes. In the immediate foreground flutter the birds like little white fairies over the glistening rocks. . . . fear and beauty seem embodied in their presence, as they stand with quivering nostrils and attentive ears. . . . To complete the vision, a transient shaft of sunlight lights with sudden force the stems of the birches, creating a perfect image in the glassy depths of the loch below." These pleasant pictures abound in the handsome volume, with its sixty-six illustrations, coloured plates, autotypes, and wood-engravings, and it is a work which is altogether so admirable that it is very doubtful if a tithe of the sportsmen who seek it will get copies. One should notice that the beautifully drawn frontispiece of Thomas Bewick is by Sir John E. Millais, Bart. The great wood-engraver who cut the "Old Hound" at seventeen years of age, who illustrated Somerville's "Chase," the "History of British Birds," "The Traveller," and "The Deserted Village," rightly heads a work which must be added to every collection treating of ornithology. APRIL 2 1892 THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS 435 "NOTHING IN THE PAPERS." "Sweep and roll ! Sweep and roll !" How familiar comes again the old cricketing cry, now that winter has passed an Easter is at hand ! Soon the football pole and the cross-bars will be pulled down and put away, and the footprints will be pressed out, and the captain will be on the ground carefully surveying the scene and deciding where he will pitch his first wicket. In my young days Good Friday in the country was invariably chosen for two important functions—the first good day in the garden and the first game of cricket on the village green. No matter on what date in the calendar Easter appeared, it was never considered lucky to pass a Good Friday without the use of the spade and the first trundle of the new red cricket ball. is there any game like it all the world over ? Boys at school may not like the imperious order of the captain to come up and help roll the "first eleven" after breakfast. They like birds'-nesting better. They may consider it intolerable servitude to stop erratic balls for an hour or so with cold fingers or a convenient jacket. But, oh ! the joy of it in after years, to be one of a first-class team, to have got over the first period of fright and to know that you have "got your eye in," and are pulling up the score, to make a brilliant catch at point or in the slips, to be presented with a cricketing day so hot that the ball never stings and the bat always drives, or, when not actually engaged in the contest, to sprawl on the grass with a pipe and a pot of shandy-gaff, and to watch the dear old game, never old and ever new to the seasoned cricketer ! I seem to neither like an old war-horse when I read of that mighty score made by the Englishmen in Australia before they sailed homewards, and I long for the time when once more I shall be in a dear and familiar corner at Lord's discussing the game with old friends, as cricket mad as I have been for forty years and more. The two or three saddest days I ever spent in my life were down East,in the dreadful slums of Shadwell and Bermondsey, under the kindly care of my old friend Archibald Brown of the East-End Tabernacle, seeing how the desperately poor endeavour to dodge death. i have seen a whole family, coal black wit dirt, lying half naked on the floor of a room, with not a crust in the cupboard. i have heard the low moan of starving children huddled together under a pile of rags waiting the return of a widower father from seeking work at the docks—seeking work which he was never likely to obtain. I have turned away unable to meet the face of a patient woman who declared to me that she had never been farther than the slop-shop from her dwelling for fifteen years, and in all that time had never seen a green field or listened to the song of birds. I have tried to comfort the widow, horribly and miserably alone with the canary just dead in its cage, the only companion of her marvellously endured solitude. And I have wondered why, with all these privations, these sad outcasts fight, as they would fight with death, against the asylum that the law provides for them. The son of a hard-working clergyman in the East-End, and one who has described many a picture of poverty, is entitled to wonder and still to wonder at this horror of the workhouse. Missionaries, priests, Christian workers of every denomination can never wholly account for this grim battle against public charity, except the splendid pride that possesses the humblest of us. I wonder if the reason is to be found in the workhouse garb, that taunts the lowly and makes an infamy of mercy ? I see that the Board of Guardians at Islington have resolved to allow the best conducted of the old folk in the union, over sixty, to war a dress that shall not stamp them as paupers and brand them with the crime of misfortune. They are to pass about the streets clothed and appareled as their neighbours are. Bravo, dear old Islington ! I walked every day to you, through the "Shepherdess Fields," when I was a day scholar at old George Darnell's—the author of the famous copybooks—in Theberton Street, near Gibson Square, and I was born midway between the sound of the bells of st. Mary's, Islington, and of St. Leonard's, Shoreditch. if ever I come to grief I shall have to go to my parish, I suppose, and I am glad that I shall not be clad in my old age in snuff-coloured garments and carry a blue cotton pocket-handkerchief as stiff as buckram. My first introduction to the works of Thomas de Quincey was obtained for me by one of our masters at Marlborough— he is now a learned historical professor in London—who delighted to ask a few of the imaginative boys to tea in his rooms after chapel, and, that repast concluded, to make us all creepy with reading to us De Quincey's essay on "Murder as one of the Fine Arts." I declare that the description of Williams and the Marr murders made me in such a desperate fright that I was afraid to grope my way alone up a huge old Elizabethan staircase that led to our dormitory in the roof of the "Old House." I can hear the master's voice now when he came to the words "Pull Devil ! Pull Baker !? and I always fancied I was followed by the cat-like steps of the stealthy murderer as he "did for" family after family, having strangled the girl who went out for the supper beer at the street door. But Williams was a perfect joke to the gentleman who has cemented down countless victims, and who is, from the evidence of the ladies who so much admired him, one of the most fascinating and persuasive murderers in the annals of crime. Whole decanters of opium would not evolve such a murderer as this ruffian out of the brain of the most imaginative writer in the world. That is a horrible story that has come over from France of a sick man disturbed in his agony by the arrival of a couple of undertakers, who planked down a coffin at the foot of his bed, and were astonished to see the corpse sitting up horribly alive and gesticulating against their intrusion. It is an old tale, however. They had come to the wrong room. A far more ghastly incident occurred to me, which years ago I turned into the leading tale of one of the first of Cassell's annuals, called "My Pale Companion." On a journey to France alone, as was my custom when a youth, I met on board a steamer a delightful young fellow, who was evidently in the last stage of consumption. We chummed up together, and parted on the French coast, he to take his journey by slow stages, I to enjoy a walking tour. One evening I arrived late at a lonely wayside inn, and, as I could not press on any father, resolved to stay for the night, and asked for the hospitality of a bed. I noticed that the landlord and landlady hesitated, and for some time demurred. At last, after conversing together, they told me that I could stay there for the night, but that the room I was to occupy was not quite ready. I could not see it until after dinner. I was so tired that I did not really make any objection. After a solitary smoke and a hearty meal, I retired "dog-tired" to rest. But I could not sleep a wink. A sense of something horrible oppressed me. Why, I know not. I felt that something was in the room with me. The time came when I could resist the tempation to look no longer ; I struck a match, and there, under the bed, was the dead body of my pale companion ! He had died at the inn, and from sheer greed the innkeepers had sent me to rest in the grim company of a corpse ! CLEMENT SCOTT. CHESS. J H TAMISIER.—There turn for examination will come shortly, and a report shall then be made. We have not lost sight of them. W P H (Seaford College).—Yes. Certainly Black is supposed to prevent the mate if he can ; but if he chooses to submit to it by a short cut, that is no fault of White. AN INQUIRER (Ealing).151If Kt to K 7th, K to R sq, Kt takes B, R takes Kt, an wher does Black regain his lost piece? If Q takes R, kt to B 3rd wins the Queen. A L R (Dublin),—No; because when Black King moves to K 5th he discovers check to his rival majesty. W A C (East Molesey).—We think your last contribution scarcely does you justice. It is below your standard. SIGNOR ASPA (Leamington).—The game is most acceptable. In the problem, if Black play P to K 3rd, there is a mate by R to Q 8th, or to Q R 7th—an unpardonable dual under the circumstances. C W WOOD.—We regret your news is crowded out this week. Thanks all the same. CORRECT SOLUTIONS OF PROBLEM No. 2499 received from W H Thompson (Tenerife) and W B (Meiksham); of No. 2500 from Mrs. W H Hughes (Blackpool), W H Thompson, W E Nickinson, L C Zeiter, J Christie Gloucester), Percy R Gibbs, and E J Gibbs; of No. 2501 from J H Tamisier (Heppen), P R Gibbs, Shadforh, R Wollheim (Brighton), Dane John. J Christie, Mrs W H Hughes, W J Haslam (Leeds), E J Gibbs, T G (Ware), Captain J A Challice (Great Yarmouth), and W T (Bovey Tracey). CORRECT SOLUTIONS OF PROBLEM No. 2502 received from Blair Cochrane (Clewer), W Percy Hind (Seaford), B D Knox, Dr F St, J Coad, T Roberts, W T (Bovey Tracey), Shadforth, Mrs Kelly (of Kelly), R Worters (Canterbury), W F C (Gloucester), J F Moon, E Louden, Julia Short (Exeter), Alpha, W Wright, Admiral Brandreth, Fr Fernando (Paris), R Wollheim, T G (Ware), A Newman, Sorrento (Dawlish), H S Brandreth, R H Brooks, W R Raillem, Martin F, Monty, D McCoy (Galway), G Joicey, C E Perugini, Dawn, Mrs Wilson (Plymouth), F H Douglas, J D Tucker (Leeds), H B Hurford, and E Casella (Paris). SOLUTION OF PROBLEM No. 2500.—BY JEFF ALLEN. WHITE. BLACK. 1. R to B 3rd Any move 2. Mate accordingly PROBLEM No. 2504. By H. F. L. MEYER. BLACK. WHITE. White to play and mate in three moves. CHESS IN HAVANA. Game played in the match between Messrs. TEINITZ and TSCHIGORIN. (Zukertort Opening.) WHITE (Mr. S.) BLACK (Mr. T.) 1. Kt to K B 3rd P to Q 4th 2. P to Q 4th Kt to K B 3rd 3. P to K 3rd P to K 3rd 4. P to B 4th B to K 2nd 5. Kt to B 3rd Q Kt to Q 2nd This is not a good move, and much of Black's subsequent trouble is due to the loss of time involved. p to Q Kt 3rd affords a fairly safe line of play. 6. P to B 5th P to B 3rd 7. P to Q Kt 4th Castles White is rapidly developing an attack on the Queen's wing, and it now ought to be met at once with P to Q R 4th. Black plays the opening with a singular lack of nerve, and an indecision altogether absent in his usual play. 8. B to Kt 2nd Q to B 2nd 9. B to K 2nd Kt to K sq 10. Castles P to B 4th 11. Q to B 2nd K Kt to B 3rd 12. P to Q R 4th Kt to K 5th 13. P to Kt 5th R to B 3rd 14. P to R 5th Kt takes Kt 15. B takes Kt P to Q R 3rd 16. P takes R P White, perfectly secure on his King's side, can afford to disregard any threatened attack in that direction, and rightly presses his advance on the other flank. 16. P takes P 17. K R to Kt sq R to B sq 18. R to Kt 2nd B to Kt 2nd 19. Q R to Kt sq K R to Kt sq 20. Kt to K sq With Black's pieces so completely on the defensive, white has time to concentrate his attack on his opponent's WHITE (Mr. S.) BLACK (Mr. T.) weakest spot—Q B P. With this won the game is practically forced, and the Kt is therefore brought round to maintain the pressure. 20. B to Q B sq 21. Kt to Q 3rd R takes R 22. R takes R B to B 3rd 23. Q to R 4th K to B 2nd 24. Q to R 3rd To liberate the kt and bring the Bishop into play. If the kt is moved, Black can retort with Kt takes Q B P, much to his relief and advantage. 24. B to Q sq 25. B to Q sq R to Kt sq 26. R to Kt 6th Sound and decisive. The game has been well played by White, and he now quickly turns to account the superiority of his position. The ending, however, is interesting. 26. Kt takes R 27. B P takes Kt Q to Kt 2nd 28. Kt to K 5th (ch) K to kt sq 29. B to R 4th Q to K 2nd 30. B to Kt 4th Q to B 3rd 31. Q to B 3rd P to R 3rd 32. B to Q 6th R takes P 33. P takes R B takes P 34. Q takes P Q to Q sq 35. B to B 5th B to B 2nd 36. Kt to Kt 6th K to R 2nd 37. B to K 7th B to Q 2nd 38. B takes Q B takes Q 39. K B takes B B takes B 40. Kt to B 8th (ch) K to k5 sq 41. Kt takes P Resigns A match arranged with a view of breaking the record in the numbers engaged was played at the Bay Tree Tavern on march 21, when the Metropolitan and Ludgate Circus Chess Clubs pitted teams of seventy-five a side against each other. The play was, of course, rather varied in merit, but some good games were seen, and after three hours' struggle the adjudicators were called on the decide unfinished contests. The final result gave Ludgate Circus 38½, Metropolitan 36½, an ending which was creditable to both sides. At the City of London Chess Club an interesting contest is now going on among the sectional winners of the big Winter Handicap. In this final round every class is represented by its strongest members, and the play is, consequently, of a superior description. A t present the leaders are : Mr. Mocatta, first class; Mr. Maas, second class; Mr. James, third class; and Mr. Larpent, fourth class. These four leaders are practically abreast, but Mr. Mocatta has the advantage that he has met his three most dangerous rivals, while they have still to meet each other. SUBSCRIPTION TO THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS. AT HOME. Twelve months (including Christmas number), £1 9s. 10d. Six months, 14s. Christmas half-Year, 15s. 10d. Three months, 7s. Christmas Quarter, 8s. 10d. Copies will be supplied direct from the Office to any part of the united Kingdom and the Channel islands, for any period, at the rate of 6½d. for each Number, paid in advance. ABROAD. THICK EDITION. Twelve months (including Christmas number), £1 17s. 0d. Six months, 17s. 4d. Christmas half-Year, 19s. 8d. Three months, 8s. 8d. Christmas Quarter, 11s. 0d. THIN EDITION. Twelve months (including Christmas number), £1 12s. 7d. Six months, 15s. 2d. Christmas half-Year, 17s. 5d. Three months, 7s. 7d. Christmas Quarter, 9s. 10d. Subscribers are specially advised to order the thick-paper edition, the appearance of the engravings on the thin-paper copies being greatly injured by the print at the back showing through. Newspapers for foreign parts may be posted at any time, irrespective of the departure of the mails. Subscriptions must be paid in advance, direct to the Publishing office, 198, Strand, in English money ; by cheque, crossed "The Union Bank of London" ; or by Post-Office Order, payable at the East Strand Post office, to INGRAM BROTHERS, of 198, Strand, London. SCIENCE JOTTINGS. BY DR. ANDREW WILSON. I have been much interested in reading the account of certain experiments made by Dr. Lombard, of the Clark university of Massachusetts, on the influences which affect the use of our voluntary muscles. As most readers probably know, there are two distinct sets of muscles owned by man and his neighbour-animals —namely, those we can move when we like, the voluntary muscles (such as those of arms, legs, head and neck, &c.), and those over which we have no such power. The latter are involuntary in nature, and are represented y the muscles of the digestive system, by those of the blood-vessels, by the muscles connected with the pupil of the eye, and by the heart itself. Now, as the voluntary muscles are put in action and operation through the medium, and at the behest of, the nervous apparatus, it occurred to Dr. Lombard to inquire into those nervous causes or conditions under which the muscles can be made to do their work quickly and effectually, or those, on the other hand, under which muscular work becomes tiresome and impeded. The muscles selected for experiment were those which bend the second finger of the left hand—flexors, as they are names. The arm was made to rest firmly and easily on a support. The first and third fingers were enclosed in brass tubes, and a cushion was placed behind the knuckles. Round the middle joint of the second finger passed a leather strap or collar, and to this was fastened a cord passing over a pulley. The cord supported a weight of two or more kilogrammes, a kilogramme being equal to 2.204 lb. avoirdupois. Means were taken to record, graphically and exactly by means of a revolving drum or cylinder, the motion of the finger and of the weight, so that comparisons might be drawn between the various results obtained. One result which was brought out by Dr. Lombard was that the chief nervous apparatus—brain or spinal cord, or both—became exhausted sooner than either the muscles themselves or the nerves conveying he messages and commands of the nervous system to the muscles, motor nerves as they are named. This was demonstrated ingeniously enough. The nervous power of voluntarily ordering the muscles to contract was lost after a time; yet when the muscles themselves or their nerves were electrically excited the muscles were proved to be still capable of performing their work. Nor was this all. When the power of the will was exhausted, say for the muscles of the working second finger, and when that digit was thus (as regards its nervous supply) quite tired out, the other fingers could be freely and voluntarily moved. What Dr. Lombard sees to have discovered is that the sense of fatigue is to be attributed to certain nervous centres in the spinal cord. This is likely the more probably, because, even when the nervous fatigue was great and complete, returning nerve-currents were to be found stimulating the muscles, and these currents, it was held, came from the great nerve-centres. Is it probably, one might ask, that when the spinal cord, as a collection of automatic centres, is tired out, it receives reinforcements of energy from the brain? More interesting still were the more general conclusions about our muscular power at which Dr. Lombard arrived in the course of his experiments. Our muscular powers, we are told, are greater in the morning than at night, which I take to be a natural result of our night's repose ; but under weather-changes this broad condition is said to be liable to alteration or modification. As the muscular power tends to decrease throughout the day, we see its decline arrested at meal-times; while similarly it was increased by exercise and use. This result is probably, of course, due to the increased circulation which attends exercise, to the consequent sending of new supplies of energy to the muscles, and to the effects of habit. At first Dr. Lombard found that the two-kilogramme weight could only be raised thirty times, the amount of work involved in this act being represented by 2.92 kilogrammetres ; yet on the twenty-third day of the experiments, 778 raisings were made before the period of exhaustion supervened, and the work done represented 36.86 kilogrammetres. The inference to be drawn from this increase of thirteen times the original strength is that of the great value of steady exercise as a muscular tonic and strengthener. It is the regularity of our physical exercises which really effects the good we desire. Spurts are of no avail ; better even a two-mile walk per day regularly indulged in than a twenty-mile walk one day and an absence of all exercise whatever for the next week. When the barometer was rising, muscular power was also noted to the on the increase, and vice versa. This teaches us how the weather affects us in a singularly intimate fashion, while, as regards the maximum and minimum periods of muscular power, the average showed two greatest periods between ten and eleven, night and morning, and two least periods between three and four, morning and evening. Attention was also given by Dr. Lombard to the effects of tobacco and alcohol on muscular work and fatigue. Tobacco, as one might expect, serves to depress the muscle-powers, through its well-known soothing action on the nervous system ; only the effect of tobacco-smoking is transient. Alcohol was discovered, on the other hand, to increase the power over the voluntary muscles. it stimulates, and it seems to increase the power of endurance of the muscles. This result will interest physiologists greatly, because most of us have held an believed that the effect of alcohol is that of temporary stimulation, with succeeding depression and loss of power. Of course I am speaking not of alcoholic excess, but of its physiological use, which is one within strictly temperate limits. When our experimenter smoked a cigar, the muscular work, which before smoking was represented by 10.25, fell in eighteen minutes to 6. and an hour thereafter to 2. This was at 8.30 a.m. ; at 11.30 the power had returned to its normal and former amount. I remember some years ago the declaration of an Italian savant who, not being by any means a teetotaler, said that little alcohol was a natural accompaniment to a pipe. I can also recollect the flood of sarcasm which was poured forth on his (let us hope) unconscious head when his assertion became the property of certain fanatical persons in this country. The scientific justification for grog and a pipe was hooted and satirised more or less strongly, until one would have though the Italian gentleman might have repented of his declaration. Yet Dr. Lombard's experiments point in the same direction, unless, indeed, some very virtuous and ascetic person may remind us, logically enough, that it is not necessary to smoke tobacco, and therefore, logically, not necessary to consume alcohol as an antidote—which is very true ; but the smoker (and the moderate person) will glean some comfort all the same from Dr. Lombard's conclusions. It is really wonderful how smokers and drinkers (moderate) contrive to live on at all, and sometimes to live very long n addition, notwithstanding the well-meant protests of those who do not care of "cakes and ale."436 THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS APRIL 2, 1892 THE LADIES' COLUMN. BY MRS. FENWICK-MILLER. Newnham's new Principal, Mrs. Henry Sidgwick, is in every way suitable for that important position. It has been suggested that the fact that she is married should be counted an objection, since her husband will naturally reside with her in the college, and this will be an innovation. But Professor H. Sidgwick has himself been a warm and valuable friend to the University education of girls, and his influence in the institution will unquestionably be of value rather than the reverse. On the other hand, marriage is a distinct qualification, speaking generally, for a teacher. It tends to sweetening the character and avoiding narrowness, helping a man and woman to gain knowledge of the world and tact in dealing with affairs; so that it would be a great pity to make it a rule that only single people should be eligible to hold the post of principal of an educational institution. Mrs. H. Sidgwick is a sister of Mr. Balfour, the leader of the House of Commons. Another sister keeps house for the right hon. gentleman, and is an invaluable help to him; among other things she opens, and arranges, and often replies to his private correspondence, as though she were a confidential secretary. Miss Balfour also goes out and about, and so keeps her busy brother au courant with all events of great interest. She was present at Mr. Whistler's smart private view, for instance, here Mr. Balfour himself was expected but was too busy to come. Such instances of a sister making a sufficing home-life for a brother are not very uncommon. Miss Elizabeth Steven, of Glasgow, who died about the middle of March, was a similar instance. She and her sister lived all their lives with their brother, the three forming the entire family of their parents. None of them married, though all were rich and unusually good-looking and pleasant and sociable though retiring. Miss Elizabeth Steven was nearly ninety at the time of her death, and was the last survivor of her household. She has left almost her entire fortune, amounting to nearly half a million, to various charities and educational institutions in Scotland. A large sum is specially appointed to promote the higher education of women. Londonderry House, Park Lane, was opened for a charitable purpose for the first time on March 24. A sale of Irish work was held in the great ball-room, a noble apartment with carved and gilded walls, hung with more than life-size portraits of departed marquises and their friends, that of George IV., in the bloom of his youth, occupying the central position. The ball-room is at the head of a very wide double-flight of stairs; the sides of the staircase are panelled completely with old tapestry. A gallery runs round the square above the stairs, on one side of which is the door opening to the ball-room, and on the other a large recess, or "sitting-out" room, which was used at the sale for the flower-stall. This was presided over by Lady Henry Fitzgerald, whose youthful beauty accorded well with her wares. She wore a very pretty gown, too, of pale brown cloth, with big sleeves and high folded waist-belt of moss-green velvet. Lady Londonderry herself, who sold delicate Irish laces, looked most graceful and charming in a blue-grey tweed slightly flecked with white, made walking length, the seams of the skirt piped with a darker blue silk; the bodice was a short, loose, open jacket, with the collar turned back with silk, and under it was worn a white linen shirt made with a full frill all down the front, in which was pinned a diamond brooch at the bust. Countess Spencer, at a stall selling Belleck china and bog-oak carvings, had a dress of violet cloth and velvet, trimmed with narrow black astrachan. The long cloth coat had side pieces of velvet, and at the front was double-breasted and turned back a the top with an astrachan edging from a three-quarter vest of velvet. There was a trained skirt of cloth with velvet back breadth, and astrachan round the bottom. The Countess of Aberdeen had the stall of Irish frieze and cloth goods. She wore a very pretty and simple dress of Gobelins blue Irish poplin, made with a train quite untrimmed. The long coat bodice was cut round in wide tabs, and fell loosely open in front over a lovely vest of pink silk, embroidered heavily with pink and blue shades of silk. Lady Aberdeen's bonnet of blue velvet and pink roses matched the dress, and the whole made a toilette as tasteful and becoming to the sweet face as it was quiet and simple. Lady Aberdeen's little daughter was there in mouse-grey velvet loose dress with a yoke and sash of silk; and her boys in Highland costume. The Duchess of Leinster came in a long cloak of black plush with a yoke and deep frill round the shoulders of bright silver-grey plush, a black ostrich-feather boa, and a large black hat. Lady Munster was there in her usual nun-like, broad-brimmed bonnet and veil, and a velvet mantle trimmed with sable. The Duchess of Abercorn, very plainly dressed in black silk, had helping at he stall, where Irish linen was sold, her two nieces, Lady Frances and Lady LilianSpencer-Churchill, in pretty frocks of walking length, of grey tweed with powder-blue smooth cloth vests, revers and cuffs, and brown felt hats with feathers. Lady Carew had a black brocade skirt and velvet bodice almost smothered in jet; and her sister, Miss Lethbridge, was in a too matronly black satin trained robe, with Swiss belt and long dependent fringe of gold passementerie and beads. Black silk dresses were worn also by Lady Arthur Hill, Mrs. J. S. Wood, and Lady Morris. The rooms were crowded all the afternoon,, and the object—to sell the goods produced by the Irish cottagers—would be largely attained. The usual sale-rooms of this association are at 20, Motcomb Street, Belgravia. Stempel's Gymnasium in Albany Street, Regent's Park, has large classes of ladies and children, the members of which gave a public display on March 26. The children's class is separate from that of the ladies, and the latter did their various performances alone. These included fencing (Miss Ellen Terry learnt that becoming exercise at Stempel's) and parallel bar, vaulting horse, and Indian club exercises. The young ladies, whose ages ranged from about eighteen to twenty-five, wore knee-breeches with short-skirted tunics (not reaching the knee) of blue serge, with belts, yokes, and trimmings of red. The complete unconsciousness with which the dress is worn is one of the most delightful features in the display. All these girls looked ordinary quiet young English gentlewomen, one or two of them even severe; and neither they nor any of the large audience showed any token of so much as recollecting, far less objecting to, the fact that their dress fully displayed that, as Lady Harberton puts it, "woman is a biped." Their performance was grace itself. The most varied exercises were done by the children. Five girls—Misses Lister, Miller-Ford, Mandler, and T. and D. Stempel, and two boys—Masters Guttman and L. Stempel, gave really a sensational performance, climbing a rope to the high ceiling and descending, some by one arm and leg alone, and some head downwards. Marching was led by Miss E. Treeves, the little daughter of the well-known surgeon, and he was among the large audience; so were the Inspector-General of Army Gymnasia and Lady Colin Campbell. ECCLESIASTICAL NOTES. I regret to record the death of the Rev. A. Mozley, Rector of Plymtree, who belonged to a family well known in the world of letters and theology. He was a brother of Canon Mozley, perhaps the greatest theologian who has appeared in the Church of England during recent years; of Miss Anne Mozley, whose essays have been recently republished by Messrs. Blackwood; and of the Rev. T. Mozley, his predecessor in the living, for long a famous contributor to the Times, and likely to be remembered by his exceedingly racy, if not altogether trustworthy, "Reminiscences." Mr. T. Mozley retired from the living to devote himself to literary labour, in which, despite his advanced years, he is still engaged. Mr. A. Mozley was a worthy successor, and, though he was hardly known to the public, his literary and theological culture was of a high order. The following quotation is no from "Martin Chuzzlewit." "I have felt the power of the hurricane on the Atlantic; I have felt how terrible is the song of the storm, how fearful is the hurtling of the gathered waves; I have felt the power of the thunder in Alpine regions, the awful flash of lightning, and the fearful roll of tremendous noise that echoes through the jagged rocks. I have felt the pain of the silent night, &c., &c; but, my brothers and sisters, when I come into common life, I am not so stupid or foolish as not to feel the power of the public Press." It is from a sermon delivered recently in St. Thomas's, Regent Street, by Canon Knox Little. Mrs. Humphry Ward, whose attack on the Canon in the "History of David Grieve" has attracted some attention, must feel herself justified. The Canon is evidently a firm believer in Grub Street, for he says that when we read what is in newspapers "we feel we are being spoken to by a tremendous power that lies in darkness and is robed in gloom—no matter if we say that such a statement may have been written by some young man, paid so much a week, and having to sit in a garret and write in half an hour of what he knows nothing about." Bishop Branby, late of Tasmania, who is now coadjutor to the venerable Bishop of Bath and Wells, is to reside at Clifton. His son, it is stated, has accepted the living of All Saints', Clifton. Mr. Branby is at present Vicar of St. John's, Bethnal Green. The Magee Memorial Fund as proved a practical failure. Only £3700 has been collected; out of this the expenses of the installation of the late Archbishop have been paid, and a sum of £200 to Mrs. Roe and Miss Magee, sisters of the late Archbishop. The remainder will be paid to Mrs. Magee. This incident and others show very clearly that the laity are of opinion that clergymen with large incomes ought to make decent provision for their families, and that only in cases of actual destitution will the purse-strings be opened. It appears that the largest Congregational church in England is that at Lewisham, of which the Rev. J. Morley Wright is pastor. The number of members is considerably over one thousand. Next come those at Crouch End (the Rev. A. Rowland, LL.B.) and Hampstead (the Rev. R. J. Horton, M.A.) where the membership approximates a thousand. The number of confirmations last year shows a slight recovery—214,531 as against 203,560 in 1890. On the usual assumption that two per cent. of the population should be confirmed, there should have been 390,000 confirmed in 1891— showing a deficiency of 175,000. This calculation, however, reckons two-thirds of the people of England as belonging to the Church. V. THE MANUFACTURING GOLDSMITHS' & SILVERSMITHS' COMPANY. Show-Rooms: 112, REGENT STREET, W. Supply the Public direct at Manufacturers' Cash Prices, saving Purchasers from 25 to 50 per cent. WEDDING PRESENTS. An immense variety of inexpensive articles, specially suitable for Wedding presents. Every intending purchaser should inspect this stock before deciding elsewhere, when the superiority in design and quality and the very moderate prices will be apparent. HIGH CLASS JEWELLERY. —The Goldsmiths' Company's Stock of Bracelets, Brooches, Earrings, Necklets, &c., is the largest and choicest in London, and contains designs of rare beauty and excellence not to be obtained elsewhere, an inspection of which is respectfully invited. ORIENTAL PEARLS. Choice strung Pearl Necklaces, in single, three, or five rows, from £10 to £5000; also an immense variety of Pearl and Gold mounted Ornaments, suitable for Bridesmaids' and Bridal Presents. RUBIES—Some very choice specimens of fine Oriental Rubies at moderate prices. REPAIRS AND REMODELLING OF FAMILY JEWELS.—The Goldsmiths' Company undertake the Repair of all kinds of Jewellery and the Remounting of Family Jewels. Great attention is devoted to this branch of their business, and designs and estimates are furnished free of charge. NOVELTIES.—A succession of Novelties by the Goldsmiths' Company's own artists and designers is constantly being produced. CAUTION.—The Goldsmiths' Company regret to find that many of their Designs are being copied in a very inferior quality, and inserted in a similar form of advertisement, which is calculated to mislead the public. They beg to notify that their only London retail address is 112, REGENT STREET, W. WATCHES.—Ladies' and Gentlemen's Gold and Silver, most accurate timekeepers, at very moderate prices. CLOCKS.—A large assortment, suitable for travelling or for the dining-room, drawing-room, &c., from £4 to £100. THE LARGEST AND CHOICEST STOCK OF DIAMOND ORNAMENTS IN THE WORLD. The Times: "The Goldsmiths' Company's collection of Jewels, the moderate prices of which, combined with admirable taste and high quality, defies competition and deserves attentive examination." ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE POST FREE. GOODS FORWARDED TO THE COUNTRY ON APPROVAL. Fine Diamond Horseshoe and Heart Brooch, £35. Fine Diamond Horseshoe Brooch, £20. Fine Diamond Crescent Brooch, £25. Fine Oriental Pearl and Diamond Border Ring, £23. Fine Diamond Crescent and Bar Brooch, £10. Fine Diamond Owl Brooch or Head Ornament, £125. REGISTERED DESIGN N° 183823. Fine Diamond Robin and Pearl and Diamond Mistletoe Brooch, £5. Fine Diamond Cluster Ring, £25. Fine Diamond Knot Brooch, L15. Fine Diamond Half-Hoop Rings, from £15 to £200. Fine Diamond Double Circle Brooch, £21. Fine Diamond "Sun-Star" Brooch, £55; also from £35 to £500. Fine Diamond Knot Brooch, £15. Fine Pearl and Diamond Double Heart and Knot Ring, £18 10s. Fine Diamond Half-Hoop Bracelets, from £20 to £500. Fine Diamond and Pearl Half-Hoop Bracelet, £75; also from £50 to £600. BRIDESMAIDS' PRESENTS. Special attention is devoted to the production of elegant and inexpensive novelties suitable for Bridesmaids' Presents. Original designs and estimates prepared free of charge. DIAMOND ORNAMENTS. A magnificent assortment of Rings, Stars, Sprays, Tiaras, Necklaces, &c., composed of the finest White Diamonds, mounted in special and original designs, and sold direct to the public at merchants' cash prices, thus saving purchasers all intermediate profits. An inspection is respectfully invited. CASH PRICES.—The Goldsmiths' Company, conducting their business both in buying and selling for cash, are enabled to offer purchasers great advantages over the usual credit houses. All goods are marked in plain figures for cash without discount. APPROBATION.—Selected parcels of goods forwarded to the country on approval when desired. Correspondents not being customers should send a London reference or deposit. COUNTRY CUSTOMERS have, through this means, the advantage of being supplied direct from an immense London stock, containing all the latest novelties, which are not obtainable in provincial towns. COLONIAL AND FOREIGN Orders executed with the utmost care and faithfulness under the immediate supervision of a member of the Company. Where the selection is left to the firm, customers may rely upon good taste and discretion being used, and the prices being exactly the same as if a personal selection were made. TESTIMONIALS.—The numerous recommendations with which the Goldsmiths' Company have been favoured by customers are a pleasing testimony to the excellence and durability of their manufactures. OLD JEWELLERY, Diamonds, and Plate taken in exchange or bought for cash. MEDALS.—Awarded Nine Gold Medals, the only Gold Medal at the Paris Exhibition, 1889, and the Cross of the Legion of Honour—the highest distinction conferred on any firm in the world—for excellence and originality. CATALOGUE, containing thousands of designs, beautifully illustrated, sent post free to all parts of the world. GOLDSMITHS' & SILVERSMITHS' COMPANY, I I 2 REGENT STREET, W. Manufactory: CLERKENWELL. April 2, 1892 THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS 437 United Kingdom Tea Company's Teas SUPPLIED FIRST HAND DIRECT FROM IMPORTER TO CONSUMER. EFFECTING AN ENORMOUS SAVING IN COST. Offices: 21, MINCING LANE, LONDON. TEA MERCHANTS TO H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES. TEA MERCHANTS TO THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. 1/-, 1/3, 1/6, 1/9, & 2/- a lb. DELIVERED CARRIAGE PAID. WRITE FOR SAMPLES and an interesting Book on TEA, Forwarded Free of Charge. Or, better still, SEND TRIAL ORDER, and you will be ASTONISHED at the AMAZING VALUE supplied! What the "LANCET' says:— " We have examined and analysed the UNITED " KINGDOM TEA COMPANY'S TEAS at " some length. The qualities are combined " by JUDICIOUS and CAREFUL BLENDING " by Machinery in such proportions as to YIELD " the BEST RESULTS, and are, in fact, just what " one would expect to gain with GENUINE and " CAREFULLY PREPARED TEAS." The U. K. T. Co. could fill columns with copies of Testimonials and Letters daily being received, speaking in the highest commendation of the Delicious Quality and exceedingly Low Prices of the Company's Teas. Hotel Proprietors, Boards of Management of Hospitals and Public Institutions, Committees of Clubs, Presidents and Stewards of Messes and Canteens, Principals of Schools & Employers of Labour WILL FIND IT SPECIALLY TO THEIR ADVANTAGE DEALING WITH THE UNITED KINGDOM TEA COMPANY, LIMD. USED ALL OVER THE WORLD. UNITED KINGDOM TEA COMPANY'S TEAS ENJOYED BY MILLIONS. EVERYONE WHO KNOWS THE LUXURY of a DELICIOUS CUP of TEA ORDERS FROM THE UNITED KINGDOM TEA COMPANY, LIMD. LONDON. Cheap Remittances by Postal Orders issued at any Post Office at 1d. for various sums up to 10s. 6d., and 1½d. for 15s. or 20s. Beyond this trifling charge, no further outlay whatever is incurred. The Teas are promptly delivered at Customers' own doors anywhere in the Kingdom, Carriage Free. What "HEALTH" says:— " PURE TEAS.—We have tested samples of the " Teas supplied by the UNITED KINGDOM " TEA COMPANY (Limited). They are what they " claim to be—PURE. INVALIDS, as well as " those in health, may ENJOY drinking these " TEAS without the LEAST FEAR of the " INJURIOUS EFFECTS which so frequently " result from using the INFERIOR TEAS SOLD " by many RETAILERS." FOREIGN DEPARTMENT. UNITED KINGDOM TEA COMPANY. Limited, forward Tea to any part of Germany, France, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, at Quotations which include all charges for Bonding, Shipping, Packing, Insurance, Foreign Duty, and Carriage, so that Customers accompanying their orders with Remittance (Money Orders preferred) have nothing more whatever to pay beyond these special rates. Payments for Tea thus sent Abroad can, if desired, be made to the Carriers on delivery, but in these cases there will be a slight extra charge made by the Carriers for the Collection of Money. Consumers of Tea Abroad will find these modes of obtaining Tea of Delicious Quality direct from the United Kingdom Tea Company, 21 Mincing Lane, London, to be a Great Boon! No Teas like them to be got anywhere out of England. Foreign Price-List, containing full particulars, sent Post Free on application. NO EXTRA CHARGE FOR PACKING TEAS (at 1/6 a lb. and upwards) IN THE FOLLOWING SIZED CANISTERS OR CHESTS, which thoroughly preserve the delicious flavour and aroma for a long time. The U. K. T. Co. despatch thousands of packages daily to Customers all over the World. 7-lb. Canister. 10-lb. Canister. 14-lb. Canister. 20-lb. Canister. Half-Chest of 65 lb. Chest of 100 lb. Tea for distribution packed in ¼-lb., ½-lb., or 1 lb. Bags, if desired, without extra charge. UNITED KINGDOM TEA COMPANY, LIMD. Tea Merchants to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales. Tea Merchants to the House of Commons. OFFICES: 21, MINCING LANE, LONDON.438 THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS APRIL 2, 1892 WILLS AND BEQUESTS. The will (dated Feb. 8, 1890), with two codicils (dated Feb. 28 and march 23 following), of Mr. Charles Keyser, late of The Warren House, Stanmore, and of 9, Belgrave Square, who died on Feb. 4, was proved on March 14 by Charles Edward Keyser, the son, Percy Ricardo, William Williams, and Cecil Chaplin, the executors, the value of the personal estate amounting to upwards of £959,000. The testator bequeaths £200,000 to his son, Charles Edward; £25,000 to his daughter Mrs. Marian Charlotte Sperling and £25,000 upon the trusts of her marriage settlement; £30,000 upon trusts of the marriage settlement of his late daughter, Mrs. Harriet Ellen Newton; £20,000 to each of his daughters Margaret Fanny Keyser and Agnes Elizabeth Keyser, and £40,000, upon trust, for each of them; £1000 per annum to each of his said three surviving daughters; and other legacies. The residue of his real and personal estate he gives to his said son. The will (dated Nov. 10, 1886), with two codicils (dated June 28, 1890, and June 11, 1891), of Mr. John Frederick Flemmich, late of Alton House, Roehampton, Surrey, who died on Jan. 9, was proved on March 10 by Mrs. Charlotte Flemmich, the widow, Frederick Flemmich, the son, James Stewart Davy, and Daniel Meinertzhagen, the executors, the value of the personal estate amounting to upwards of £248,000. The testator gives £5000 and all his plate, pictures, books, furniture, wines, stores, effects, horses and carriages, to his wife; he also devices to her, for life, his residence at Roehampton; and legacies to relatives and others. As to one third of the residue of his real and personal estate, he leaves one moiety between his sons and the other moiety between his daughters. The remaining two thirds of the residue is to be held, upon trust, for his wife, for life, then for his children or issue as she shall appoint, and in default of appointment, as to one half for his sons, and as to the other half for his daughters. The amount of the settlement money of his daughter Mrs. Davy is to be taken into account in the division. The will (dated Aug. 21, 1889), with a codicil (dated July 30, 1890), of Mr. George Claudius Ash, late of 141, Maida Vale and Broad Street, Golden Square, who died on Jan. 17, was proved on March 4 by Henry Claudius Ash, Arthur Edward Ash, and Ernest Ash, the sons, and John William Ackery, the executors, the value of the personal estate exceeding £217,000. The testator bequeaths £5000, upon trust, for the Catholic Apostolic Church: £2000 to the Curates' Augmentation Fund: £100 to the Bishop of London's Fund; £1000, upon trust, for the poor members of the Catholic Apostolic Church, Harrow Road; £500 each to St. Mary's Hospital (Paddington), the Middlesex Hospital, Charing Cross Hospital, North London or University College Hospital, the [?] of the survivor of them; £5000, upon trust, for his niece, Annie Christiana Ash; and many other legacies. The residue of his real and personal estate he leaves, upon trust, for his six children, Henry Claudius, Arthur Edward, Ernest, Cecilia Emma, Mary, and Eleanor Claudia. The will and codicils of the Hon. John Jervis Carnegie, J. P., D. L., who died on Jan 18, have just been proved, the value of the personal estate amounting to upwards of £121,000. After making a provision for his wife, including the use and enjoyment, for life, of his residence, Fair Oak, Rogate, Sussex, with certain land attached, and giving many legacies to relatives, friends, servants, and others, the testator settles the residue of his real and personal estate upon Henry Allen Rolls. The will (dated Oct. 8, 1890) of Mr. William Blanchard, late of Grove Hill Cottage, New Hampton, retired hotel-keeper, who died on Jan. 16, was proved on March 22 by William Leppard and Robert Henry Turner, the executors, the value of the personal estate amounting to upwards of £113,000. The testator bequeaths £500 each to the Licensed Victuallers' Asylum, the Licensed Victuallers' Schools, Richmond Hospital, and Teddington Hospital; £200 each to the Girls' Orphanage (Hampton Hill), the Dispensary (King Street, St. James's), and the French Hospital (Leicester place); £100 each to the Hospital for Diseases of the Throat (Golden Square), the Hospital for Diseases of the Skin (Leicester Square), the Consumption Hospital (Brompton), Nazareth House (Hammersmith), and the Convalescent Home (Weybridge); £500 to the vicar and churchwardens of each of the three churches, that of the parish of Hampton, St. James's (Hampton), and St. James's (Westminster), upon trust, to distribute the income annually among the poor of the respective parishes; £10,000 to his wife, Mrs. Ellen Blanchard; £3000 to his sister, Caroline Carr; and many legacies and annuities to relations and others. As to the residue of his estate, it is to be divided between the children of his brother and sister, Frederick and Caroline, and of his niece, Ellenor Ballenger; but if it exceeds £23,000 he give a further legacy to his sister Adelaide, and his sisters Emma and Ellenor are to share in the residue. The Scotch confirmation, under seal of the Commisssariot of Peebleshire, of the trust disposition and settlement (dated Sept. 30, 1881), with relative codicils (dated march 17, 1883; March 12,1884; July 4, 1885 ; and Feb. 9 and Nov. 2, 1886), of Sir William Henry Gibson-Carmichael, Bart., of Skirling and Hailes, who died on Dec. 19, at Castle Craig, granted to George Dalziel, Sir Alexander Kinloch, Bart., Sir Thomas David Gibson-Carmichael, Bart., James Warren Hastings Anderson, and Charles Carmichael Lacaita, the executors nominate, was resealed in London on March 9, the value of the personal estate in England and Scotland amounting to [?] Fund; and many other legacies; a special fund is to be set aside, and, after payment of legacies to employés thereout, the remainder is to be divided among charitable and religious institutions, including the Church missionary Society and the Society or the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign parts. The residue of his estate he leaves to his son and daughter. The will (dated Jan. 13, 1892) of Mr. William Barnes, late of Duryard, Exeter, who died on Jan. 21, was proved on March 1 by the Rev. George Edward Barnes and the Rev. Walter Ralph Barnes, the sons, two of the executors, the value of the personal estate amounting to upwards of £99,000. The testator settles the mansion house, messuages, lands, and hereditaments in the parish of St. David, Exeter, and in the parishes of Clyst St. Mary, Clyst St. George, Woodbury, and Ebford, Devon, upon the eldest son of his late son William. The furniture, pictures, plate, and effects at his mansion house are to go therewith as heirlooms. He bequeaths £10,000 each to his sons Walter Ralph and Samuel; £5000 to his daughter, Mary Frances Beynon. As to the residue of his real and personal estate he leaves one third, upon trust, for the widow and children of his said late son; and one fourth of the remaining two thirds, upon trust, for each of his children, George Edward, Walter Ralph, Samuel, and Mary Frances. The will (dated July 1, 1879), with three codicils (dated Feb. 7, 1883 ; Aug. 30, 1888 ; and Sept. 30, 1891), of Dame Rachel Chadwick (widow of Sir Edwin Chadwick), late of Park Cottage, East Sheen, who died on Dec. 31, was proved on March 15 by Osbert Chadwick, the son, and Miss Marion Chadwick, the daughter, the acting executors, the value of the personal estate amounting to upwards of £63,000. The testatrix leaves all her property to her said son and daughter. The will (dated April 5, 1888) of Mr. John Miller Crook, late of Spring Vale Brewery, Darwen, Lancashire, brewer, who died on Nov. 10, at Stanley Grange, Samlesbury, in the same county, was proved on March 10 by Eli Crook, one of the executors, the value of the personal estate amounting to upwards of £55,000. The testator, after giving an annuity to his executor, leaves all his real and personal estate to his son, Thomas, but charged with the payment of £40,000, to be held upon trust for his daughter, Ann, and of 15650,000, to be held upon trust for his said son. The will dated Nov. 11, 1889) of Admiral Cospatrick Baillie Hamilton, late of 29, Lowndes Street, Belgrave Square, who died on Jan. 27, was proved on March 10 by Mrs. Mary Baillie Hamilton, the widow, Earl Home, and the Hon. James Archibald Home, the executors, the value of the personal estate amounting to over £46,000. The testator bequeaths £1000 to his wife and £200 to each of his other [?] APRIL 2, 1892 THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS 439 EXPIRATION OF LEASE. IMPORTANT SALE. IMPORTANT SALE. J. M. CROUCH, 264, REGENT STREET (Opposite Jay's). THE ROYAL SCOTCH JEWELLERY WAREHOUSE. ESTABLISHED 55 YEARS. AQUAMARINE & PINK TOPAZ NECKLETS from £4.4.0 each. AMETHYST & TOPAZ NECKLETS from £5.0.0 each. MOONSTONE NECKLETS from £2.10.0 each. The Entire Stock of Fine Diamond Work, Pearls and Precious Stones, Gold Jewellery, Silver Plate, Watches, and the Celebrated Collection of Scotch Ornaments is being sold at Twenty per Cent. off Cost Prices. CLEARANCE SALE. 20 Per Cent. Discount Off Cost Prices. MANUFACTURING SILVERSMITHS, JEWELLERS, AND WATCH AND CLOCK MAKERS, GOLDSMITHS' ALLIANCE, LIMITED. ( Late) 11 and 12, CORNHILL, LONDON, E. C. (Opposite the) Bank of England A. B. SAVORY & SONS Silver, £2:15 Gold, £7;15 GENTLEMAN'S KEYLESS THREE-QUARTER PLATE LEVER WATCH, in plain or engine-turned strong half-hunting Silver, £6:16:6 Gold, £17:17440 The Illustrated London News April 2, 1892 The will (dated March 14, 1890), with one codicil (dated Nov. 5, 1891), of Mr. George Burrow Gregory, of Boarzell, Sussex, the Treasure's House, Founding Hispital, and I, Bedford Row, London, who died on March 5, has been proved by Mr. Edward Lee Rowcliffe, and his sons, Mr. George Francis Gregory and Mr. Joh Roger Burrow Gregory, the executors, the value of the net personal estate being sworn at £186,307. Subject to the life interest of Mr. Henry John Hodgson, the testator (after reciting the appointment of one fourth in favour of his son George Francis Gregory) appoints the remaining three fourths of the funds (subject to the trusts of the late Mrs. Hodgson's will) to his daughter, Frances Ann Gregory, and his son's, John Roger Burrow Gregory and Herbert Edward Gregory, in equal shares. He bequeaths £1500 to his widow, Maria Teresa Gregory; £200 each to his late partners, Edward Lee Rowcliffe and William Rowcliffe; £300 each to his three cousins in Australia; £300 to Emily Chermside; and £100 to the Foundling Hospital. The testator leaves to his widow, Maria Teresa Gregory, the use of his house at Boarzell, with twenty acres of land, for life, and an annuity of £2000. To his son George Francis Gregory he devises all his real estate in Sussex, at Ticehurst, Etchingham, or Burwash, and all his rent-chareges issuing out of lands in Wexford, and in addition to the provision made for him by his marriage settlement, and bequeaths to him £6000, and to his children, Francis Puleston Gregory and Christian Teresa Gregory, £3000 each. He devises his property at Shoreham, Kent, to his son John Roger Burrow Gregory; and his four houses in Russell Road, Kensington, to his daughter, Frances Ann Gregory. As to all the residue of his real and personal estate, subject to the annuity of £2000, the testator bequeaths the same to his daughter, Frances Ann Gregory, and his sons, John Roger Burrow Gregory and Herbert Edward Gregory, in equal shares, absolutely. The will (dated May 17, 1862) of the Rev. Charles Haddon Spurgeon, late of Westwood, Beulah Hill, Upper Norwood, who died at the Hôtel Beau Rivage, Mentone, on Jan. 31, has been proved by Mrs. Susanna Spurgeon, the widow and sole executrix, the value of the personal estate amounting to upwards of £10,000. The testator gives, devices, and bequeaths all the estate, both real and personal, that he may die possessed of, interested in, or entitled unto his wife absolutely. -------------- The cricket-playing tour of Lord Sheffield's Englsih Eleven in Australia, beginning at Adelaide on Nov. 20, was terminated on March 28, at the same city, by a match against "Combined Australia," with a brilliant victory for the English Eleven, winning by 230 runs and an innings to spare. The team consists of Messrs. W. G. Grace, Abel, A. E. Stoddart, M. Read, Peel, Lohmann, Briggs, Bean, H. Philipson, Attewell, G. M. Gregor, Sharpe, and O. G. Radcliffe. They have played a Adelaide, Melbourne, Ballarat, Goulburn, Sydney and Launceston, in Tasmania, twenty-seven different matches, but were defeated by "Combined Australia" at Sydney and Melbourne. Music. The Royal Society gave the first performance in London of Antonin Dvorák's "Rquiem Mass" at its concert of March 23. Owing to the exceptional difficulties of the work, extra rehearsals were given, and the principals, chorus, and orchestra alike displayed an altogether remarkable familiarity with their exacting task. The performance may stand on record as the most creditable executive achievement of the many that have been heard at the Albert Hall under Mr. Barnby's direction. Even the most intricate numbers were rendered with perfect smoothness, and so clearly was every passage interpreted that the intention of the composer was never for a moment obscured. This, as amateurs will remember, was quite the reverse of the experience at Birmingham, when the composer conducted the first performance of his work, and the natural result was a still higher appreciation of the manifold beauties contained in this most striking and original of modern "Requiems." In the hands of Madame Nordica the soprano solos gained much additional charm; and the remainder of a quartet was made up, as at Birmingham, by those excellent artists. Miss Hilda Wilson. Mr. Iver McKay, and Mr. Watkin Mills. The choir fairly covered itself with glory. such absolutely correct execution of trying and elaborate music can never, we imagine, have being attained by an equally large number of voices before, Mr. Barnby conducted with masterly skill, and jsut carried off the honours of the evening. The Philharmonic Society gave at its second concert, on March 24, an interesting olla pordrida of standard classical works and advanced modern compositions. The former included Beethoven's symphony in A, No. 7 (magnificently played by the band, under Mr. Cowen), and Mendelssohn's "Trupet" overture, the autograph score of which recently came to light among the treasures of the society's library. Another welcome item was Mr. Frederick Cliffe's orchestral picture, "Cloud and Sunshine," which was received with even heartier favour than on its first production before a Philharmonic audience two years ago. Of the instrumental soloists, M. Sapellnikoff won an emphatic triumph by his extraordinarily brilliant rendering of Liszt's conderto in E flat; while M. Ernest de Munck displayed excellent technical ability in Schumann's dull and wearisome concerto for violoncello. To the vocalist was due the only novelty in the scheme - namely, Grieg's "Der Einsame," a poetic and expressive setting of an old Norwegian folk-song for baritone solo, with accompaniment for string orchestra and two horns. This was superbly sung by Mr. Eugène Oudin, whose beautiful tones and refined phrasing stood out in effective contrast to Grieg's delicate and sensuous orchestration. Mr. Cowen conducted the entire concert with notable zeal and discretion. Madame Néruda and Dr. Joachim appeared together at the Saturday Popular Concert of March 26, and the conjoint announcement of the two famous artists naturally served to draw an enormous gathering to St. James's Hall. Bach's concerto in D minor for two violins was selected, as in bygone seasons, as a medium for the display of this ever-welcome constellation of talent, and it need hardly be said that in their playing the two great artists went as near as human art can go to the accomplishment of perfection. Especially fine was their rendering of the lovely slow movement, and the gifted interpreters accurately divined the wish of the audience when, in response to numerous recalls, they repeated this delightful section of the concerto. On the following Monday evening, before another large assembly, was brought forward for the first time in this country a quintet in B minor, Op. 115, for clarinet and strings, by Johnnes Brahms. Great interest was manifested in the production of this most recent example of the German master's chamber compositions, additional curiosity being aroused in consequence of Mr. Chappell having expressly engaged Herr Mühlfeld, the eminent Meiningen clarinettist, for whom Brahms virtually wrote this quintet and the companion trio in A minor for pianforte, clarinet, and violocello. Concerning the latter work, which was promised for a later concert, we must speak next week, but critical opinion abroad considers it inferior to the quintet, which is, indeed a composition marked by wonderful breadth of conception, wealth of inventive resource, and elaborate yet finished workmanship. It is in four movements, namely, a melodious and concise allegro, in six-eight measure; a suave and tender adagio, wherein the clarinet is most prominent; a comparatively tuneful third section, consisting of two strongly contrasted subjects; and a finale, comprising a theme with five ingenious variations and a coda, in which a phrase from the opening allegro is introduced. Of these, by far the most impressive and interesting movement is the adagio, which the celebrated Eduard Hanslick has justly described as "one of the warmest, most beautiful things by Brahms." It was here that the rare talent of Herr Mühlfeld, alike as a master of his instrument and as an exponent of Brahms's music, stood revealed in the strongest light His superb tone and irreproachable phrasing evoked such unbounded admiration that the audience insisted upon his sustained his share of the work as though every note of it appealed to him; while Messrs. Ries, Staus, and Piatti proved themselves at all points worthy collaborators in this noteworthy performance. The players were enthusiastically applauded, and thrice recalled to the platform. ----------------- Another dynamite outrage, ascribed to the Anarchist conspirators, was perpetrated in Paris on Sunday, March 27, at a house in the Rue de Clichy, corner of the Rue de Berlin. The explosion took place at eight o'clock in the morning, just after the delivery of the milk and daily newspapers; it is supposed that a man, coming in unobserved at that time, went upstairs to the second floor with the horrible apparatus. On the fifth floor lived M. Bulot, deputy Public Prosecutor. Six or seven inmates of the house were more or less seriously hurt, but M. Bulot escaped injury. Pear's Soap Specially For the Complexion "More Bubbles" by Edouard Frére. A companion to "Bubbles" by Sir John Williams, Bart., &c Both the Original Paintings in the possession of the Proprietors of Pear's Soap. "Regd. Copyright" Pears' soap makes the hands white and fair- the complexion bright and clear, and the skin soft and smooth as velvet. April 2, 1892 The Illustrated London News 441 Cassell and Company's Announcements. Notice. The Large First and Second Editions of The Little Minister, by J.M. Barrie, having already been exhausted, a Third Edition has been prepared, which is now ready. Price 7s. 6d. "It is uncomparably the most humorous and interesting novel of the day." -Truth. New Work by Dr. Conan Doyle. Now ready, price 5s. The Doings of Raffles Haw. By A. Conan Doyle. Author of "Micah Clarke," "The White Company," &c. Small crown 8vo, antique paper, cloth gilt. The New Work by Pierre Loti. Now ready, price 5s. The Book of Pity and of Death. By Pierre Loti, Member of the French Academy. Translated by Mr. T.P. O'Connor, M.P. Small crown 8vo, antique paper, cloth gilt. "To enlarge on the exquisite workmanship of the style is to utter commonplaces." - Bookman. Just Published, price 10s. 6d. Vernon Heath's Recollections. Large Crown 8vo, cloth gilt. "Brimgul of pleasant anecdote and rich personal reminiscence." -Daily News. Just Published, price 7s. 6d. Smuggling Days and Smuggling Ways; or, the Story of the Lost Art, By Lieutenant the Hon. Henry N. Shore, R.N. With numerous Plans and Drawings by the Author. Just Published, price 7s. 6d. Sybil Knox; or, Home Again: A Story of To-Day. By Edward E. Hale, Author of "East and West," "The Man Without a Country," &c. Forming a New Volume of Cassell's International Series. Now ready, Vol. V. of the New and Revised Edition, price 9s., of Cassell's History of England. With New and Original Illustrations specially executed for this Editino. The Text carefully revised throughout. Vol. V. contains from the Peninsular War to the Death of Sir Robert Peel. Cassell and Company, LImited, Ludgate Hill, London. The Struggle with the Land League. This Day is Published. Ireland Under the Land League. A Narrative of Personal Experiences. By Clifford Lloyd, late Special Resident Magistrate. Post 8vo, 6s. William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London. This day is published. Popular Edition, with a new Preface. Mrs. Oliphant's Memoir of the Life of Laurence Oliphant, and of Alice Oplipahnt, HIs Wife. Pst 8vo, with Portaits, 7s. 6d. "A delightful and sympathetic memoir." -Times. "Never in the exercise of her imagination has Mrs. Oliphant drawn anything more remote from ordinary life." -Standard. "It forms a combination of the pathetic, the humorous, and the wonderful not often to be met with." -St. James's Gazette. Willilam Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London. New Novels at All Libraries. Third Edition, now ready. By Marie Corelli. The Soul of Lilith. By Marie Corelli, Author of "A Romance of Two Worlds," "Thelma," &c. In 3 vols., crown 8vo. By the Author of "The Masters of the World." Dr. Wolloughby Smith. By Mrs. Alfred Marks (Mary A. M. Hoppus). In 3 vols by the author of "The House on the Marsh." Ralph Ryder of Brent. By Florence Warden. In 3 vols. Richard Bentley and Son, New Burlington Street. John Broadwood and Sons (Established 1732), Pianoforte Makers to H.M. The Queen. Horizontal Iron Grand Pianofortes. Upright Iron Grand Pianofortes. Great Pulteney Street, London. Founded 1838. Moore and Moore's Pianofortes. 16½ to 96 Guineas. American Organs 7 to 88 Guineas. Cash or Three Year's System. Carriage free. Lists free. 104 and 105, Bishopsgate Street Within, E. C. No. 27, Baker Street. No. 27. Thomas Oetzmann and Co., Pianoforte Manufacturers only. No other address. Side by Side in the new and spacious Show-Rooms of Thomas Oetzmann and Co., 27 Baker Street, London, W.. may be seen and compared the Grand and Cottage Pianofortes of Broadwood, Collard, Erard, and other makers of repute. For cash the prices are in many cases half what is usually charged. Packed free. Good, Sound Second-Hand Pianos, returned from hire. Grands, Semi-Grands, and Cottages by Broadwood, Collard, Erard, adn other good makers, from £20 to £100. Packed free and forwarded to any part. Descriptive lists free. Thomas Oetzmann and Co., 27, Baker Street, London, W. Broadwood Rosewood Cottage Pianoforte; ivory keys, good tone and touch, and in excellent condition. For promptcash, £15. Packed free and forwarded. Descriptive lists free. Thomas Oetzmann and Co., 27, Baker Street, London, W. Collard and Collard Grand Pianoforte, full compass of seven octaves, tirchord ivory keys, £28. A great bargain. Packed free and forwarded. Descriptive lists free. Thomas Oetxmann and Co., 27, Baker Street, London, W. Erard (London) Full Trichord Upright Grand Pianoforte, in handsom ebonized case, marqueterie panel, £49 10s. Very cheap. Packed free and forwarded. Descriptive lists free. Thomas Oetzmann and Co., 27, Baker Street, London, W. Thomas Oetzmann and Co. desire it to be most distinctly understood that they are Pianoforte Manufacturers only, and that their address is No. 27, Baker Street, Portman Square. Pianos and Organs. - T. D'Almaine and Co. Fifty per cent. discount. Ten years' warranty. Easy terms. Cottage Pianos, 8 guineas, 10 guineas, 12 guineas, &c. Class 0, 14 guineas. Class 1, 17 guineas. Class 2, 20 guineas. Class 3, 23 guineas. Class 4, 26 guineas. Class 5, 30 guineas. Class 6, 35 guineas. Class 7, 40 guineas. Class 8, 45 guineas. American Organs, by all the best Makers, from 4½ guineas upwards. Full price paid will be allowed for any instrument within three years if one of a higher class be taken, and will be exchanged free if not approved of within one month. Illustrations and particulars post free. - T. D'Almaine and Co. (Established 106 Years), 91 Finsbury Pavement, London. Bord's Pianos on Sale, with 25 per cent, discount for cash, or 15s, per month (second-hand, 10s, 6d. per month) on the three-years' hire system. - Lists free of C. Stiles and Co., 42, Southampton Row, Holborn, London. Pianos exchanged. Culleton's Heraldic Office (Established half a century). -Searches and Authentic Information respecting Family Arms and Pedigrees. Crest and Motto in heraldic colours, 7s. 6d. Book-plates engraved in Modern and Mediævak styles, Heraldic Seal Engraving. Illuminated Addresses on Vellum. Prospectus post free. - 25, Cranbourn Street, London, W.C. Culleton's Guinea Box of Crested Stationary. - Best quality Paper and Square Court Envenlopes, all stamped in colour with Crest; or with Monogram or Address. No charge for engraving steel die. Signet rings, 18 carat, from 42s. Card-plate and 50 best visiting cards, 2s. 8d.: ladies' 3s. Wedding and invitation cards. Speciments free. - 25, Cranbourn Street, London, W. C. Sebastian B. Schlesinger. - Just published by this popular Composer, Album of Eight Songs for Children, with Illustrations, price 4s. net. Mother O Sling Me to Rest, price 3s. Sing to Me Some Homely Ballad, price 3s. I Once Had a Sweet Little Doll, Dears, in G. and A, price 4s. "Mr. Sebastian B. Schiestinger's tasteful and artistic song- writing is well known," &c. &c. -Truth. Stanley Lucas, Weber. and Co., 84, New Bond Street, London, W. Ta-ra-ra-boom-de-ay. - Miss Lottie Collins's sensational song is sung by her nightly, at 10.45, at the Gaiety Theatre, in "Cinder Ellen Up Too Late," as also at the London Pavilion and Tivoli Varieties. The public are cautioned against fraudulent imitations of this celebrated song, of which the entire copyright and performing right belong to the sole publishers, Chas. Sheard and Co., 192, High Holborn, W. C. Ta-ra-ra-boom-de-ay Polka, Waltz, and Galop, by Josef Meissler, and Polka- Marche, by Theo. Bonheur, arranged on Lottie Collins's celebrated song, are Performed every evening by the leading orchestras throughout the Kingdom. Piano Solos 2s. each. Band parts of all the above now ready. C. Sheard and Co. Ta-ra-ra-boom-de-ay, for banjo and piano, Now ready, Theo. Bonheur's Polka March, arranged for banjo and piano, two banjos, and two banjos and piano, by W. Nick. Price 28. C. Sheard and Co., 192, High Holborn Hooping Cough. Croup. Roche's Herbal Embrocation. The Celebrated effectual cure without internal medicine. Sole Wholesale Agents. W. Edwards and Son, 157, Queen Victoria's Street, London, whose names are engraved on the Government Stamp. Sold by most Chemists. Price 4s. per Bottle. Brown & Polson's Corn Flour is a world-wide necessary. Brown & Polson's Corn Flour For the nursery. Brown & Polson's Corn Flour For the family table Brown & Polson's Corn Flour For the sick-room. Brown & Polson's Corn Flour Has a world-wide reputation. Taylor's Cimolite, or prepared White Fuller's Earth, Is the only reliable and thoroughly harnless Skin Powder. It is prepared by an experienced Chemist, and under its Latin name of "Terra Cimolia" is constantly prescribed by the most eminent living Dermatologists, and was especially recommended by the late Sir Erasmus Wilson, F. R. S., and the late Dr. Tilbury Fox. For general use it is simply invaluable. It is the Best Dusting-Powder for Infants. Formerly used in the Nurseries of her Majesty the Queen, the Princess of Wales, the Duchess of Ediburgh, the Duchess of Teck, &c., and now extensively employed in the Nurseries of her Imperial Majesty the Empress of Russia, our own Royal Princesses and Duchasses. H.R.H. the Duchess of Cumberland, and Grand Duchess Paul of Russia, the Duchess of Sparta, and most of the Aristocracy. Recommended by the Faculty. The eminent physician Dr. Routh says: "I feel I cannot too highly recommend it." "I cannot afford to be without it," - Dr. Bainbridge. A lady writes: "Here, in India, for 'Prickly Heat,' I found it worth a guinea a teaspoonful." Post free. Send 14 or 36 penny stamps. Ask for "Taylor's Cimolite." See that the Trade Mark, Name, and Address are on every Parcel, and do not be persuaded t make imitations. Introduced into medical practice and prepared by John Taylor, Chemist, 13, Baker-street, London, W. Hewetson Milner & Thexton LTD Estb 1825 Tottenham Court Road, W. Carved Oak Furniture Houses Completely Furnished Estimates & Designs Free 4 feet £10 10 0 Hewetson's New Illustrated Catalogue, Free. How to Furnish for £150, £200, £500, &c. Every Article Illustrated, Numbered, and Priced in Catalogue. All goods carriage paid to any railway station in Great Britain. Carpets - English, Carpets - Foreign, Best Brussels Carpet in choice colours and new designs, 3s. 6d. per yard. Hewetson's, Tottenham Court Road, London, W. Throat and Cough. Soreness and dryness tickling and irritation, inducing cough and affecting the voice. For these symptoms use EPPS'S Glycerine Jujubes. In contact with the glands at the moment they are excited by the act of sucking, the glycerine in these agreeable confections becomes actively healing. Sold in Boxes, 7½d. and Tins, 1s. 1½d., labelled: James Epps and Co., Homœpathic Chemists, London. By appointment to Her Majesty and the Royal FAmily, Swears & Wells, 192, Regent Street. All goods marked S. & W. Guaranteed. Boys' School Outfits. Hosiers. Girls' and Ladies' Tailors, Outfitters, Bookmakers. Bamily Mourning Experienced Assistants sent with full assortment of Mourning Goods to any address in Town or Country, without expense to Purchasers. Peter Robinson, Regent St. The Largest Mourning Warehouse in the Kingdom. The Wrapper (Regd.) Carr's Patent Woven Ladder Tape New Patients No3359 Granted August 26th, 1878 No1259. Granted March 15th, 1882. The Ticket (Regd). The Goods Ask for "Carr's Stamped" Ladder Tape. and see that the name is stamped on the interwoven cross-straps once in each yard. For Venetian Blinds Caution. Other and Inferior makes of Woven Ladder Tapes are being offered in the Market. The original and best make has the name Carr's printed across both wrapper and ticket, and stamped on one of the cross-straps once in each yard. London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway. Epsom Races, April 5 and 6. - The only route to the Epsom Downs Station on the Racecourse, the quickest and best route to the Races, is by the Brighton Railway from London Bridge, Victoria, Kensington (Addison Road), West Brompton, Chelsea, Clapham Junction, New Cross, &c. Special Express Trains will run direct to Epsom and Epsom Downs from London Bridge and Victoria (calling at Clapham Junction) from 11.35 a.m. to 1.20 p.m. Returning from Epsom Downs from 4 to 5.45 p.m., and from Epsom town Station from 4.30 to 6 p.m. Fares to Epsom Town, Single, 4s.; Return, 7s. 6d.; and to Epsom Downs, Single 4s. 6d.; Return, 8s. Cheap trains at ordinary 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Class fares run to Epsom at frequent intervals up to 11.20 a.m. The Special Express Tickets my be obtained on and from Saturday, April 2, at the above Railway Stations; also at the West-End Booking and Inquiry Offices, 28, Regent Circus, Piccadilly, and 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, and these two offices will remain open until 10 p.m. on Monday and Tuesday, April 4 and 5. (By Order) A. Sarle, Secretary and General Manager. Hastings and St. Leonards-on-sea. The Albany Hotel, Robertson Terrace. Facing the SEa. Due South. Finest position on whole sea front. Enlarged, remodelled, refurnished. Only Hotel with electric light in every room. Passenger lift. Handsome public rooms, suites, and single rooms Hall Lounge. Luxuriously fitted throughout. Moderate fixed Tariff. Charge for attendance abolished. C. A. Schwabe, Manager. Hastings and St. Leonards-on-sea. Acknowledged the best health and pleasure resort in the United Kingdom, with more bright sunshine recorded during autumn and winter months than any station in England; free from smoke-fogs. Tepid swimming baths, piers, theatre, and concert hall, open all the year; high-class hotels and first-rate apartments and boarding-houses. C.Tharle, Robertson Street, Hastings. Monte Carlo. For a summer stay, Monte Carlo adjacent to Monaco, is one of the most quiet, charming, and interesting of spots on the Mediterranean sea-coast. ----- The Principality has a tropical vegetarian, yet the summer heat is always tempered by the sea-breezes. ----- The beach is covered with the softest sand; the Hotels are grand and numerous with warm sea-baths; and there are comfortable villas and apartments replete with every comfort, as in some of our own places of summer resort in England. ------ Monaco is the only sea-bathing town on the Mediterranean coast, which offers to its visitors the same amusements as the Establishments on the banks of the Rhine-Theatre, Concerts, Venetian Fêtes, &c. ------ There is perhaps, no town in the world that can compare in the beauty of its position with Monte Carlo, or in its special fascinations and attractions - not only by the favoured climate and by the inviting scenery, but also by the facilities of every kind for relief in cases of illness or disease, or for the restoration of health. ----- As a winter restort, Monaco occupies the first place among the winter stations on the Mediterranean sea-border, on account of its climate, its numerous attractions, and the elegant pleasures it has to offer to its guests, which make it to-day the rendezvous of the aristocratic world, the spot most frequented by travellers in Europe- in short, Monaco and Monte Carlo enjoy a perpetual spring. ------ Monte Carlo is only thirty-two hours from London and forty minutes from Nice. P. and O. Mail-Steamers From London to Bombay, Gibraltar, Malta, Brindisi, Egypt, Aden and Madras, via Bombay Every week. Calcutta, Colombo, China, Straits, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, and Alexandria. Every alternate week. Direct services from Brindisi to Egypt and the East. Cheap return tickets. For Particulars apply at the Company's offices, 122 Leandenhall Street, E.C.; and 25, Cockspur Street, London, S.W. Royal Agricultural Hall Islington. May Horse Show (29th Annual), May 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. Under the management of The Royal Agricultural Hall Company, Limited, and The English Horse Show Society, Limited. ----- Hunters Hacks, Ponies, Hackney Stallions, Single Harness Horses and Ponies, Double Harness Horses, Tandems, and Leaping. ------ Prize LIsts on application to R. Venner, Secretary.442 THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS APRIL 2, 1892 RECENT NOVELS. The Undergraduate. By Ross George Dering. Two vols. (R. Bentley and Son). - The smartness, sharpiness, and seeming audacity of this satirical novel render it sufficiently amusing. It is a broad caricature of two very opposite classes--namely, the quibbling and squabbling members of a Dissenting congregation in a seaside town, and the academical young ladies, damsels and matrons, accused of flirting and other vanities, at St. Mary's University, to the detriment of male students. We do not answer for the truth or justice of its representations. In the character of the Rev. Robert Miller, the able and liberal-minded Congregationalist or Independent minister, beset with troubles and perils from the factious divisions in his flock, and embarrassed by theological prescriptions in ancient trust-deeds, there is fairly good portraiture. Some exaggeration, indeed, will be detected in the minor personages of this religious community ; and the author does not seem aware that the legal infirmity of titles arising from obsolete doctrines specified in old trust-deeds was remedied by an Act of Parliament forty or fifty years ago. With regard to social life and feminine frivolities at the University--which is transparently designed to indicate Oxford--we prefer to disbelieve in the existence of any ladies there resembling in the slightest degree either the foolish Miss Hypatia Crewe, with her dreamy talk of mystic and sham-scientific philosophy or the shameless Ianthe, Mrs. Pottifer, the wife of a pedantic old professor, beguiling susceptible young men with her unsolicited avowals of love. The victim of her wiles, Guy Miller, son of the Dissenting minister, is the "Undergraduate" hero of this story, and is not much of a hero ; but he fortunately escapes, and marries another person. That Stick. By Charlotte M. Yonge. Two vols. (Macmillan and Co.)--The novels of Miss Yonge's writing, from "The Heir of Redclyffe" to this her lastest production, maintain a tone of sound morality and social propriety, with a flavour of the English Church, which commends them as safe family reading. But thinness of substance and lack of fresh conceptions are failings naturally attendant on continued repetition of such work from a limited view of actual life, its ways and its moods. There is scanty material for a story in the supposed situation of a respectable middle-aged man, Frank Morton, the trusty managing clerk of a country solicitor's office, who unexpectedly inherits a peerage and a moderate estate, and marries a good, plain young woman, a teacher in a boarding school, engaged to him through many years of obscure poverty. He is derided as "That Stick" by his new fashionable acquaintance, for his want of elegant accomplishments and stately demeanour. Lord Northmoor is, however, a worthy and sensible man, of good birth and fair education, well able to hold his own among sober and prudent country gentlemen ; and his wife is a simple pattern of unadorned feminine goodness. Such persons, knowing and practising the ordinary rules of behaviour, would take their due place in the English nobility, without needing any false affectation of showy tastes and habits. A less agreeable part of this tale is the picture of sordid vulgarity in the household of his widowed sister-in-law, Mrs. Charles Morton, full of envy and spite ; with the malignant intrigues of her daughter Ida to get rid of a young child, Lord Northmoor's son and heir, by disputing his birth and bribing a nurse and a sailor to steal him away from his parents. Unreality, with deficient narrative force, leaves a feeble impression in the reader's mind. The last of the giraffes at the Zoological Society's Gardens in Regent's Park has died ; the society has never been without a living specimen of that animal, until now, during fifty-seven years past. The sale of the pearls made famous by the adventures of Mrs. Osborne drew an immense throng to Christie's. Probably the auctioneer never had a larger or more excited audience. The jewels were sold for £1066, not quite double the amount which Messrs. Spink paid to Mrs. Osborne, though one of the pearls was not included in that transaction. The Austrian Government has excited some indignation among its Protestant subjects and patriotic Czechs in Bohemia by forbidding the tercentenary celebration of Amos Comenius, a bishop of the Czech-Moravian Brotherhood, whose doctrines were those of John Huss. It is well known to students of history that Bohemia and Moravia were Protestant countries until they were crushed by the Thirty Years' War. DEATH. On Jan. 24, at Coquimbo, Chile, Joseph Grierson, Her Majesty's Consul, a native of Dumfries, Scotland, in his 61st year. NOW READY. Imperial quarto, handsomely bound in half morocco, price £2 10s, 500 pp. of Text, Tables, and Plates, and over 700 illustrations. Weight 9 lb. 6 oz. MODERN FRENCH ARTILLERY (The St. Chamond, De Bange, Canet, and Hotchkiss Systems). With Illustrations of French War-ships. BY JAMES DREDGE. Chiefly reproduced from "Engineering." Chapters : I. Introductory. II. Steel Ordinance. III. Breech-loading Mechanism. IV. The Present Condition of French Ordinance. V. The St. Chamond Steel Works. VI. The De Bange System of Ordinance. VII. The Forges et Chantiers de la Mediterrance. VIII. Hotchkiss Machine and Quick-Firing Guns. IX. The French Navy. The Work is provided with a carefully prepared and copious Index. Offices of "Engineering," 35 and 36, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C. NEW NOVELS AT ALL LIBRARIES. A MASQUERADER. By ALGERNON GISSING, Author of "A Moorland Idyl," "A Village Hampden," &c. 3 vols. STOLEN HONEY. By MARGARET B. CROSS, Author of "Thyme and Rue." 2 vols. AN EAST LONDON MYSTERY. BY ADELINE SERGEANT, Author of "Caspar Brooke's Daughter," &c. 3 vols. THE SHELLING OF THE PEAS, By MARY ALBERT. 3 vols. FAIREST OF THREE. By HENRY CRESSWELL, Author of "A Modern Greek Heroine," "a Wily Widow," &c. 3 vols. THE WRONG THAT WAS DONE By F. W. ROBINSON, Author of "Grandmother's Money," &c. 3 vols. London : HURST and BLACKETT, Limited. THE ENGLISH ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE for APRIL 1892, price Sixpence, contains-- I. GENERAL LORD ROBERTS, V.C., G.C.B., G.C.I.E. (Frontispiece.) II. LORD ROBERTS OF KANDAHAR, V.C., G.C.B., G.C.I.E. Archibald Forbes. III. TO A NEW SUNDIAL. Violet Fane. IV. A HAMPSHIRE MOOR. Rose G. Kingsley. Illustrated by Alfred Parsons. V. A DEPLORABLE AFFAIR. Chaps. I.-III. (To be continued.) W.E. Norris. Illustrated by L. Leslie Brooke. VI. SOME SINGERS OF THE DAY. Joseph Bennett. With Ten Portraits. VII. COCOA. Joseph Hatton. Illustrated by W. H. Margetson. VIII. A MIDDY HERO. Arthur Lee Knight. Illustrated by C. J. Staniland, R.I. IX. A LOOK ROUND SWINDON WORKS. A. H. Malan. Illustrated from photographs by the Writer. X. DOROTHY JORDAN. J. Fitzgerald Molloy, With Portrait of Mrs. Jordan as "The Laughing Girl." XI. HOMELESS AT NIGHT. Leonard Noble. Illustrated by S. Cowell. MACMILLAN and Co., London. MACMILLIAN'S MAGAZINE (No. 390) for APRIL 1892. CONTENTS-- I. DON ORSINO. By F. Marion Crawford. Chapters IX.-X. II. VILLAGE LIFE. By the Rev. T. L. Papillon. III. HORACE. IV. MRS. DRIFFIELD. A Sketch. V. THE FOOTSTEP OF DEATH. VI. HAMPTON COURT. VII. A PLEA FOR THE SPARROW. By the Author of "Forty Years of a Moorland Parish." VIII. LORD BEAUPREY. By Henry James. Part I. IX. THE STRANGER IN THE HOUSE. MACMILLAN and Co., London. BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE. No. 918--APRIL 1892.--2s. 6d. CONTENTS: ON OUR ARMY, by General Sir Archibald Alison, Bart., G.C.B.--DIANA, Chaps VII.-IX.--PERSONAL NAMES, by Sir Herbert Maxwell Bart., M.P.--SKETCHES FROM EASTERN TRAVEL.--MONTROSE AND DR. GARDINER.-- THE CONQUEST OF DONA JACOBA, by Gertrude Atherton. THE CHILD AND THE SAVAGE : A STUDY OF PRIMITIVE MAN.--AN AFRICAN EXPLORER : THE LATE COLONEL J. A. GRANT, C.B.--SIX IN A LAVAFLOW : AN ADVENTURE IN TENERIFE.--HISTORY OF SMALL HOLDINGS.--THE PROGRESS OF THE SESSION. WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS, Edinburgh and London. Silver Cases. BENSON'S Silver Cases, £5 "BANK." £5 J.W.Benson LONDON STRONGEST AND CHEAPEST £5 SILVER KEYLESS ENGLISH LEVER WATCH Ever made at the price. THREE-QUARTER PLATE MOVEMENT, Compensation Balance, Jewelled in Rubies, Strong Keyless Action, in Sterling Silver Crystal Glass Cases, £5. A neat and elegant Watch for Gentlemen's Wear. Thousands have been sold. BENSON'S WATCHES. Guaranteed for Strength, Accuracy, Durability, and Value. BENSON'S LADY'S KEYLESS LEVER WATCH Gold Cases, £10 Is fitted with a Three-Quarter Plate LEVER Movement, Compound Balance, Jewelled throughout and Strong Keyless Action. The Cases are of 18-Carat Gold, Strong and Well Made, either Hunting, Half-Hunting, or Crystal Glass, Richly Engraved all over, or Plain Polished, with Monogram Engraved Free. Price £10; or in Silver Cases, £5. Thousands have been sold, and purchasers testify to the excellent timekeeping performances of these Watches. Ladies' Gold Albert Chains to Match. from £1 15s. All the Watches shown here sent Free and Safe, at our risk, to all parts of the World, on receipt of Draft, Cash, or Post-Office Order, payable at General Post Office. For further particulars see Benson's NEW ILLUSTRATED BOOK containing over 200 pages of Illustrations of Watches from £2 2s. to £500. Jewellery, Clocks, Presentation and Domestic Plate. The Largest and most Complete Catalogue published. Free on application to THE STEAM FACTORY-- J. W. BENSON, 62 & 64 LUDGATE HILL, E.C. And at 28, ROYAL EXCHANGE, E.C.; and 25, OLD BOND STREET, W. Silver Cases. BENSON'S Gold Cases, £15 "FIELD." £25 J.W. BENSON LUDGATE HILL ENGLISH LEVER HALF-CHRONOMETER. Best London Make, for Rough Wear, with Brequet Spring to prevent variation when worn on horseback, &c. Specially adapted for Hunting Men, Colonists, Travellers, Officers, &c., from whom HUNDREDS OF TESTIMONIALS have been received. In Hunting, Half-Hunting, or Crystal Glass Cases, 18-carat Gold, £25; or Silver, £15. APRIL 2, 1892 THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS 443 THERE IS ONLY ONE Pill to a Dose of CARTER'S LITTLE LIVER PILLS AND THERE IS ONLY ONE GENUINE PACKAGE. It is EXACTLY like this, only the wrapper is printed in blue on white. The vial contains forty pills, and costs CARTER'S LITTLE LIVER PILLS FOR HEADACHE, FOR DIZZINESS, FOR BILIDUSNESS, FOR TORPID LIVER, FOR CONSTIPATION, FOR SALLOW SKIN, FOR THE COMPLEXION. 1s. 1 1/2d. at the Chemist's. This is cheaper than pennyworths of doubtfully compounded pills. It is but a trifle over a farthing a dose, for ONE PILL IS A DOSE, though they are so small that FORTY-NINE of them only measure one inch square. Cure TORPID LIVER WITHOUT FAIL. SICK HEADACHE, MALAISE, DISTRESS FROM EATING, and SALLOW COMPLEXION promptly done away with. BRITISH DEPOT FOR CARTER'S LITTLE LIVER PILLS, 46, HOLBORN VIADUCT, LONDON, E.C. CARTER'S LITTLE LIVER PILLS BROWN'S BRONCHIAL TROCHES Cure Cough, Cold, Hoarseness, and Influenza, Cure any Irritation or Soreness of the Throat, Relieve the Hacking Cough in Consumption, Relieve Bronchitis, Asthma, and Catarrh, Clear and give strength to the voice of SINGERS, And are indispensable to PUBLIC SPEAKERS. Of all Chemists and Patent Medicine Vendors, 1s. 1 1/2d. per Box. NOTICE. See that the words "Brow's Bronchial Troches" are on the Government Stamp round each Box, without which none are genuine. TO LADIES. { CREME SIMON (superior to Vaseline and Cucumber) for the Complexion and light cutaneous affections : Sunburn, Redness, Chilblains, Chaps. It whitens, fortifies, and perfumes the skin, to which it imparts a fragrant perfume and gives a velvety appearance. THE MEXICAN HAIR RENEWER Prevents the Hair from falling off. Restores Grey or White Hair to its ORIGINAL COLOUR. Being delicately perfumed, it leaves no unpleasant odour. It NOT a dye, and therefore does not stain the skin, or even white linen. Should be in every house where a HAIR RENEWER is needed. OF ALL CHEMISTS & HAIRDRESSERS, price 3s. 6d. NOTICE. THE MEXICAN HAIR RENEWER may now be obtained in New York from the ANGLO-AMERICAN DRUG CO., 217, FULTON STREET, and all Druggists. CHOCOLAT-MENIER. Awarded the HIGHEST HONOURS AT ALL EXHIBITONS. CHOCOLAT-MENIER. In 1/2-lb. and 1/4-lb. Packets. For BREAKFAST, LUNCHEON, and SUPPER. CHOCOLAT-MENIER. Daily Consumption exceeds 50 tons. CHOCOLAT-MENIER. Paris, London, New York. Sold Everywhere. PETER ROBINSON, OXFORD ST. EVERYTHING FOR LADIES' WEAR. Boys' and Girls' Clothing. THURSTON'S BILLIARD TABLES. Specialty- THE "LADY'S" CUE. Established 1814. Sole Appointment to Her Majesty. By Appointment to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales. Great Billiard Invention--ADAANT BLOCK, fitted to the "PERFECT" LOW CUSIONS. 16, CATHERINE STREET, STRAND, W.C. BEETHAM'S WORLD FAMED CORN & BUNION PLASTER CURES WHEN ALL OTHER REMEDIES FAIL. IS THE BEST REMEDY EVER DISCOVERED! It acts like magic in relieving all pain and throbbing, and soon cures the most obstinate Corns and Bunions. It is especially useful for reducing ENLARGED GREAT TOE JOINTS, which so spoil the symmetry of otherwise beautiful feet. Thousands have been cured, some of whom had suffered for fifty years without being able to get relief from any other remedy. It is a thin plaster, and takes up no room in the boot. A trial of a box is earnestly solicited, as immediate relief is sure. Boxes 1s. 1 1/2d., of all Chemists. Free for 14 stamps from the Proprietors, M. BEETHAM and SON, Chemists, CHELTENHAM. COVERINGS FOR SEMI OR COMPLETE BALDNESS OR GREY HAIR. Perfect imitations of Nature ; invisible additions to thin partings, art blending with nature so completely as to defy the closest scruntiny. Half, Three-quarter, or Full Wigs on same Principle for Ladies or Gentlemen. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE POST FREE. Every design in Artificial Hair for Fashion and Convenience. C. BOND & SON, 546, Oxford St, London, W. "WHAT A BEAUTIFUL COMPLEXION!" THIS remark was passed upon one of Mrs. RUPPERT'S numerous patients, and it pleased her so that she immediately wrote to Mrs. RUPPERT and blessed her. Why ? Because three months ago she was ashamed to appear in the street, for the cold air reddened her nose, and he face was covered with red spots and blackheads. She put herself under Mrs. RUPPERT'S care, and you see the result. It positively removes freckles, blackheads, acne--in fact, any disfigurement of the skin. It is pleasant to use, being for externa use only, and in a short time gives the face that solidity and clearness which is the pride of all women. Those who have them may retain them, and those who have not may obtain them by using Mrs. ANNA RUPPERT'S SKIN TONIC. 10s. per bottle or 3 for £1 4s. Send stamped addressed envelope for particulars to Mrs. ANNA RUPPERT, 89, REGENT STREET, LONDON, W. CONSULTATION FREE. Branch Offices : EDINBURGH : 3A, Shandwick Place, MANCHESTER : 8, King St. BRIGHTON : 124, Western Road. The late Earl of Beaconsfield, Sir Morell Mackenzie, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Miss Emily Faithrul, The late Gen. W. T. Sherman, and many other persons of distinction have testified to the remarkable efficacy of HIMROD'S CURE FOR ASTHMAEs Established nearly a quarte of a century. Prescribed by the Medical Faculty throughout the world. It is used as an inhalation and without any after bad effects. A Free Sample and detailed Testimonials free by post. In tins 4s. 3d. British Depot--46, Holborn Viaduct, London. Also of Newbery & Sons, Barclay & Sons, Lynch & Co., J Sanger & Sons, W. Edwards & Son, John Thompson, Liverpool, and all Wholesale Houses.444 THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS APRIL 2, 1892 BARNARD, BISHOP, & BARNARDS (LIMITED). Original Manufacturers of the Celebrated SLOW COMBUSTION OR NORWICH STOVES. Carved Wood Mantels, Curbs, &c. Those desirous of counteracting the enormous advances now being made in the prices of Coal should adopt these celebrated Stoves, which have been proved to effect a saving in fuel over the ordinary form of grate of from 25 to 30 per cent., and have stood the test of twenty years' experience. They may be seen in action at our London Show-Rooms. See Correspondence in Pall Mall Gazette, Feb. 22. Superbly Illustrated Catalogue, now ready, will be sent free on application. Inventors and Original Manufacturers of Galvanized Wire Netting for Garden, Park, and Farm. LONDON SHOW-ROOMS: 91, 93, & 95, QUEEN VICTORIA ST. MANUFACTORY: NORFOLK IRON WORKS, NORWICH. ED.PINAUD PARIS, 37, Bd de Strasbourg ED.PINAUD's Celebrated Perfumes VIOLET OF PARMA IXORA BREONI THEODORA AIDA ED.PINAUD's QUININE WATER The world-renowned hair tonic: prevents the hair from falling off. ED.PINAUD's IXORA SOAP The best soap known. Sold by all First-class Perfumers. Wholesale: R. HOVENDEN & SONS, 31, Berners Street (Oxford Street), London, W. New Illustrated Catalogue for 1892 now ready. G. E. LEWIS'S GUNS AND RIFLES. HONOURS: Paris, 1878; Sydney, 1879; Melbourne, 1880; Calcutta, 1884. 12-Bores, from 5 1/2 to 7 lb. weight. Cartridges: Brown. 8/6; Blue, 9/-; Green, 9/6; Schultze, or E.C., 11/-. G.E.L'S SPECIAL LOADING IS THE BEST G.E.LEWIS THE GUN OF THE PERIOD TREBLE GRIP WITH PATENT EJECTOR ONLY EJECTS EXPLODED CARTRIDGE EJECTING FROM FOREND. The above is the latest improvement in "the Gun of the Period," and is supplied at from 25 to 40 Guineas; other ejectors from 16 Guineas. We now supply the Anson and Deeley Farmers' and Keepers' quality, from 10 Guineas cylinder bore, or choked. New Illustrated Catalogue for season 1892 now ready; larger choice and better value than ever. Our stock of sporting guns, rifles, and revolvers is the largest and most varied of any one maker. Choice of 2000 Guns and Rifles. G. E. LEWIS, GUNMAKER, BIRMINGHAM. ESTAB. 1850.] [Telegrams: "Period, Birmingham." Hindes PATENT, HAIR Curlers BRIGHT METAL. SIXPENCE the BOX of FOUR. Imitations absolutely useless are offered. See the words "Hinde's Patent" are on the box. Of all Dealers; or Sample Box, Seven Stamps. HINDE'S, LIMITED (London); METROPOLITAN WORKS, BIRMINGHAM. THEY ARE USED WITHOUT HEAT MRS LANGTRY WRITES I find them invaluable. PERSONAL LOVELINESS is greatly enhanced by a fine set of teeth. On the other hand, nothing so detracts from the effect of pleasing features as yellow or decayed teeth. Don't lose sight of this fact, and remember to cleanse your teeth every morning with that supremely delightful and effectual dentifrice FRAGRANT SOZODONT which imparts whiteness to them, without the least injury to the enamel. The gums are made healthy by its use, and that mortifying defect, a repulsive breath, is completely remedied by it. Sozodont is in high favour with the fair sex, because it lends an added charm to their pretty mouths. ADAMS'S FURNITURE POLISH. THE OLDEST AND BEST. "THE QUEEN" Feels no hesitation in recommending its use.--Dec. 22, 1883. Sold by Grocers, Ironmongers, Cabinetmakers, Oilmen, &c. MANUFACTORY: VALLEY ROAD, SHEFFIELD. Allen & Hanburys' "Perfected" Cod Liver Oil "Is as nearly tasteless as Cod-Liver Oil can be."--Lancet. "Has almost the delicacy of salad oil."--Brit-Med. Journal. Can be borne and digested by the most delicate--is the only Oil which does not repeat, and for these reasons the most efficacious kind in use. In capsuled bottles only, at 1s. 4d., 2s. 6d., 4s. 9d., and 9s. Sold everywhere. NOTE PARTICULARLY.--This Oil is NEVER sold in bulk, and cannot be genuine unless in the Capsuled Bottles bearing Allen and Hanburys' Name and Trade-Mark (a Plough). BYNIN LIQUID MALT, forms a valuable adjunct to Cod-Liver Oil, a powerful aid to the digestion, and very palatable, possessing the nutritive and peptic properties of malt in perfection. It is a valuable aliment in Consumption and Wasting Diseases. In Bottles, at 1s. 9d. each. UMBRELLAS ON FOX'S FRAMES S. FOX. & Co. LIMITED To ensure a good umbrella see that THE FRAME is one of Fox's. These FRAMES are of world wide reputation and as compared with even very inferior makes add very slightly to the cost of an umbrella:--they are manufactured from special steel of S. F. & Co's own make; are thoroughly tested at every process and include the latest improvements. S. FOX & Co. LIMITED and are plainly marked on one STRETCHER or RIB of every frame they manufacture, together with one or more of their other trade marks according to the kind of frame; for example-- S. FOX & Co. LIMITED PARAGON S. FOX & Co. LIMITED LAURUS N.B.--The stretchers of an Umbrella are the wires that connect the middle of the Ribs to the Stick. THE KODAK Is a Hand Camera especially designed for Amateurs. It is the most compact instrument made, and with it the largest number of exposures can be made with the least number of operations. PICTURES SQUARE OR ROUND. NO PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE OF PHOTOGRAPHY IS NECESSARY. "YOU PRESS THE BUTTON, WE DO THE REST." ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE FREE. The Eastman Photo Materials Co., Ltd., 115, Oxford Street, London, W. Paris: 4, Place Vendome. Nice: Place Grimaldi. SMIKE HIGNETT'S GOLDEN BUTTERFLY LUXURIOUS FINE CUT BRIGHT TOBACCO. "EXCELLENT--OF GREAT VALUE."--Lancet, June 15, 1889. CONCENTRATED. PEPTONIZED COCOA AND MILK (Patent). SAVORY & MOORE, LONDON. GOLD MEDALS, 1884, 1886. DELICIOUS FLAVOUR. MOST NUTRITIOUS. REQUIRING NO DIGESTIVE EFFORT. Tins: 1s. 6d. & 2s. 6d. OBTAINABLE EVERYWHERE. For TRAVELLERS. DELICATE CHILDREN. AND ALL OF WEAK DIGESTION. FOR THE BLOOD AND COMPLEXION. DR TIBBALD'S BLOOD TONIC THE LATEST AND BEST MEDICINE FOR THE BLOOD AND COMPLEXION. BRIGHT EYES, HEALTHY SKIN, A PURE COMPLEXION. All who value their Complexion should never be without Dr. Tibbald's Blood Tonic. It speedily removes all Impurities from the Blood, rendering the Skin Spotless, Clear, and Healthy. Soaps and Lotions only give temporary relief. For permanent results you must go to the cause--namely, the Blood. It acts directly upon the Digestive Organs, the Liver, and Kidneys. THE BEST BLOOD PURIFIER IN THE WORLD. CURES Pimples, Blotches, Rashes, Carbuncles, Scrofula, Eczema, Rheumatism, Gout, and all DISEASES OF THE SKIN AND BLOOD. FOR INDIGESTION AND LIVER COMPLAINTS IT HAS NO RIVAL THE GREAT BLOOD & SKIN CURE. Chemists will procure it, 1s. 1 1/2d., 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d., and 11s. per bottle. Wholesale London Agents, Edwards & Co., Queen Victoria Street; Barclay & Sons, Farringdon Street; or direct from SMITH & CO., Chemists, Taunton. MELLIN'S FOOD. FOR INFANCTS AND INVALIDS PAIN KILLER. The Great Family Medicine. Get a Bottle to-day of PERRY DAVIS'S PAIN KILLER. Acts directly on the seat of Pain. Externally it cures Scalds, Burns, Boils, Sprains, Bruises, Toothache, Headache, Stings and Bites of Insects, &c. Internally it cures Colds, Liver Complaints, Headache, Heartburn, Indigestion, Sick Headache, Sea Sickness, Cramp and Pain in the Stomach, Colic, Diarrhoea, Cholera, &c. Sold by all Chemists at 1s. 1 1/2d. and 2s. 9d. British Depot: 46, Holborn Viaduct, E.C. Avoid Imitations under misleading names. PAIN KILLER. JUNO CYCLES are the very best. THE "JUNO" Pneumatic Tyre SOLE MAKERS THE METROPOLITAN MACHINISTS CO. LTD. 1892 Lists now ready, Post Free. Upward of 50 Patterns JUNO PNEUMATIC, [Pound]12 12s., 10 per cent. Cash Discount, or 21s. Monthly. 75 & 76, BISHOPSGATE WITHOUT, LONDON NUBIAN BLACKING REQUIRES NO BRUSHING A WATERPROOF POLISH EQUAL TO PATENT LEATHER THE ORIGINAL & ONLY GENUINE WATERPROOF BLACKING, One application lasts a fortnight through all weathers on Ladies', Gentlemen's and Children's Boots and Shoes, including Patent Leathers. It makes Harness, Military Accoutrements, Bags, &c., look like new. Sold everywhere Nubian Manfg. Co., Ld., London, E.C. LONDON: Printed and Published at the Office, 198, Strand, in the Parish of St. Clement Danes, in the County of London, by INGRAM BROTHERS, 198, Strand, aforesaid.--SATURDAY, APRIL 2, 1892. THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS.--APRIL 2, 1892.--3. SIX GOLD MEDALS AWARDED. Goddard's Plate Powder NON-MERCURIAL. For MORE THAN HALF A CENTURY this Powder has sustained an unrivalled reputation throughout the United Kingdom and Colonies as the Best and Safest Article for Cleaning Silver and Electro-plate. Sold in Boxes, 1s., 2s. 6d., and 4s. 6d. each. Also, GODDARD'S FURNITURE CREAM, For Cleaning and Polishing all kinds of Cabinet Furniture. Sold in Bottles, 6d. & 1s. each, by Chemists, Grocers, Ironmongers, &c. THE NEW BALLYLAREEN DUFFLE IRISH FRIEZE An exquisitely thick, warm, and light fabric, more closely resembling the constitution of the natural fleece of wool than anything ever previously produced in a loom. BOYD & CO.'S ULSTER COAT. This is an overcoat which would "defy the biggest and bitterest blizzard that ever raged over a country."--Sporting Times. Made from genuine IRISH FRIEZE, and waterproofed without the use of indiarubber. PRICE from 84/- Two measures only required--Height and Chest Measure. PATTERNS POST FREE. BOYD & CO., BELFAST, IRELAND. London Agent: Mr. C. J. CUTHBERTSON, 84, Cheapside, London, where samples can be seen and orders will be received. Samples required by post should be ordered direct from Belfast. BAILEY'S TURNSTILES have been exclusively used at most of the principal Exhibitions of recent years, notably at THE INVENTIONS, LONDON; ROYAL JUBILEE, MANCHESTER; PARIS, 1889; GLASGOW, 1888; EDINBURGH, 1890, &c. W. H. BAILEY & CO., Limited, SALFORD, MANCHESTER. JOHN ALVEY TURNER'S BANJOS, MANDOLINES, AND GUITARS. Special Showrooms, giving a variety of Several Hundred Instruments, at prices ranging from 1 to 20 guineas. Old Instruments taken in part payment. BANJO TUTORS AND MUSIC. A revised List for the Season just ready, free on application. Ellis's School for Five-String Banjo, 85 pages folio. 2s. 6d. net; also for Six or Seven String Banjo, 70 pages, 2s. 6d. net; Tutors for 5, 6, or 7 strings, at 1s. 6d., 1s., and 6d. each. Banjo Journals, 22 Nos., 1s. 6d. each. Albums of Solos. 6 Nos., 1s. 6d. each. Banjo Song Books, 7 Nos., 1s. each. Four March Albums, and Two Dance Albums, containing 18 Popular Solos in each, at 1s. 6d. Two Books of Breakdowns, 1s. 6d. each. Banjo Accompaniments, 2s. New Book of Exercises on all styles of Banjo Playing, 2s. Two Hundred Nos. of Banjo Budgets, comprising every variety of solo and duet, easy, moderate, or difficult, now ready. Arthur Tilley's "Queen of the Burlesque" and "Demon Jig." Heath's "Kincora" Polka March, Ellis's "Patrol" March, "Flora" Waltz and "Hotch Potch," medley on popular Airs, all 2s. each. MANDOLINE MUSIC.--Complete Tutor, 2s.; Mandoline Journals, 3 Nos., each containing 10 pieces, 1s. 6d. net; 30 Nos. of TURNER'S Mandolinist, full music size. GUITAR MUSIC.--Practical School for Guitar, 2s.; Guitar Journals, 5 Nos., 1s. 6d. each. New Illustrated Catalogue of all Instruments just ready, post free. Large stock of secondhand instruments. Best-quality Strings and Fittings. Special attention given to repairs. LONDON: JOHN ALVEY TURNER, 33, BISHOPSGATE STREET WITHIN (CROSBY HALL), E.C.; AND 39, OXFORD STREET, W. IMPORTANT TO SMOKERS. THE EPIP PIPE (Patent). 2s. post free, with 1 doz. Absorbent Clays. 2s. post free, with 1 doz. Absorbent Clays. HEALTH, COMFORT, SIMPLICITY.--A clean stem to a seasoned pipe. An ordinary briar in use and appearance in four popular shapes. Cleaned in an instant without soiling the fingers; smokes cooler than any other pipe. The stem is fitted with a cylinder of absorbent clay pierced with a hole in the centre, and has an external spiral to collect all accumulations. The clays can be left to dry or burnt clean. Smokers can appreciate a dry pipe obtainable at will. As a healthy pipe it is unsurpassed, the clay intercepting all nicotine. A Doctor writes: "I like it so much, please send me two more." This, with numerous other testimonials, can be seen at Walbrook. Send P.O. to THOMAS & COMPANY, 15, Walbrook, London, E.C. Extra Clays 6d. per dozen, post free. BUTLER'S MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. Cornets, Drums, Flutes, Clarionets, &c, in use in all parts of the world, giving universal satisfaction. SPECIAL TERMS TO BANDS. Guitars, Banjos, Flutes, Concertinas, Harmoniums, Violins, with bow, in case, 20/-, 30/-, 40/-, 50/-, to [Pound]1. 29 HAYMARKET, LONDON, & DUBLIN ILLUSTRATED PRICE-LIST POST FREE. THE FINEST TONIC most effective in restoring the vitality of the blood, and enabling the constitution to resist climatic influences. Invaluable in all cases of anoemia and general debility. Highly recommended for weak and debilitated children. FER BRAVAIS FER BRAVAIS FER BRAVAIS LANCET "A beautiful and interesting preparation." BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL.--"It as all the good effects of iron without producing constipation or disturbing the digestion, and it does not blacken the teeth." SOLD BY ALL CHEMISTS WITH DROP MEASURE. ART BRASS CANDLESTICKS. Carriage paid 3/- per pair. Packed in strong box. These Candlesticks are 6" long beautifully finished and polish'd and make a good and handsome present. STORK WORKS, ADDERLEY RD, The CROWN METAL CO., B'HAM. "THE MARVEL OF THE AGE." J. M. THOMPSON & CO.'S PATENT LADIES' AND GENTLEMEN'S WATERPROOFS. To be had from all Leading Drapers and Outfitters. EVERY GARMENT BEARS OUR REGD. TRADE MARK. SPECIAL FEATURES. Perfect Ventilation, Freedom from Smell, Sewn Seams, Tailor made, and cut by most experienced men to ensure good fit and style. They do not become hard in the cold, or soft in the heat, as all other rubber garments do. Guaranteed thoroughly waterproof, and can be dried before a fire without injury to the rubber. SHOULD YOU EXPERIENCE ANY DIFFICULTY IN OBTAINING THESE GOODS, APPLY DIRECT TO THE MANUFACTURERS, J. M. THOMPSON & CO., CROWN RUBBER WORKS, HULME STREET, OXFORD ROAD, MANCHESTER. THE 'VANISHING' DRESS STAND. (Patented in England and Abroad.) BEST, NEATEST, MOST ELEGANT, AND CHEAPEST EVER INVENTED. PERFECT IN SHAPE (the Latest Fashion is followed). LIGHTEST IN WEIGHT (Weighs 16 oz.). SMALLEST IN VOLUME (1 1/2 in. in Depth & 15 in. Diameter when folded) STAND "COLLAPSED." CASH WITH ORDER. Cannot get out of Order. VANISHES AT COMMAND. ERECTED AGAIN IN FIFTEEN SECONDS. PRICE 4/11 Of all Drapers, &c., all the World over. Stand Erected (Height 42 inches). Stand being carried about Carriage Paid if you Mention this Paper. Or of the Sole Licensees and Manufacturers-- THE JERSEY COMPANY, LTD., Dunkirk Mills, near Stroud (Glos.). THE PATENT EUREKA COMBINED MATTRESS & BEDSTEAD. TO BE OBTAINED FROM ALL HOUSE FURNISHERS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD.THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS.--APRIL 2, 1892.--4. THE "WEAR-RESISTING" FABRICS Invented and Registered by Messrs. SAMUEL BROTHERS, January 1877. The success of the "Wear-Resisting" Fabrics has provoked many imitations; the genuine "Wear-Resisting" Fabrics are manufactured only by Messrs. SAMUEL BROTHERS, and were introduced expressly to withstand the hard wear given by Youths and Boys to their school and everyday dress. In the weaving, the purest and strongest wools are employed, and the yarns are extra twisted both in warp and weft, thus producing a Fabric that fully justifies the Registered title "Wear-Resisting." "Cycling." "Covert." "Jack Tar" (Demi-Trousers). "Norfolk." "Brighton." "Gaelic Tar." "Royal." "Kilt Suit." "Eton." "Tennis or Cricket." PATTERNS & CATALOGUE (625 Engravings) FREE TO ANY ADDRESS. Applications for Patterns should give an outline of the kind and quality required. BESPOKE DEPARTMENT. Messrs. SAMUEL BROTHERS are displaying in their Show-Rooms an extensive variety of the choicest Spring Materials, and the firm respectfully solicit a visit of inspection. The assortment comprises all the Fashionable Spring Textures for Suitings, Overcoatings, Trouserings, &c., together with a large number of new designs and specialties, recently introduced. FOR IMMEDIATE WEAR. A very extensive Stock of Spring Overcoats, Suits, Trousers, &c. (of the firm's own manufacture), have been prepared to supply the requirements of gentlemen desiring to be promptly fitted without resort to the Bespoke Department. These garments are made from cloths specially selected from the latter Department, and in QUALITY, WORKMANSHIP, FINISH, &c., are in every way equal to those made to order. JUVENILE DEPARTMENT. Messrs. SAMUEL BROTHERS respectfully invite an inspection of their Show-Rooms by Parents and Guardians who are desirous of Outfitting their Juvenile charges for any of the Public or Private Colleges, Schools, &c. The requirements of Youths and Boys have for very many years engaged the closest attention of Messrs. SAMUEL BROTHERS, with the result that this important department of their business has attained very large dimensions; so that every want in Suits, Overcoats, Hosiery, Boots, &c., is fully met, and durable qualities ensured. ATHLETIC OUTFITS. Messrs. SAMUEL BROTHERS have most carefully studied Athletic requirements, and are now displaying specially selected "all-wool" Flannels (thoroughly shrunk) pure indigo-dyed Serges, "Wear-Resisting" (Regd.) Tweeds, Underclothing, &c., for Cycling, Cricket, Lawn Tennis, Boating, and all Branches of Athletic Sport. Special Athletic Price-List on Application. BLISS'S CHIPPING NORTON RIDING AND SUITING TWEEDS, CHEVIOTS, HOMESPUNS, SETGES, &c.--A very large assortment of the productions of this eminent firm is always kept in stock. SAMUEL BROTHERS. 65 & 67, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.C. Workshops: Pilgrim Street Ludgate Hill, and 46 Gray's Inn Road. BEECHAM'S PILLS Are universally admitted to be worth a Guinea a Box for Bilious and Nervous Disorders, such as Wind and Pain in the Stomach, Sick Headache, Giddiness, Fulness and Swelling after Meals, Dizziness and Drowsiness, Cold Chills, Flushings of Heat, Loss of Appetite, Shortness of Breath, Costiveness, Scurvy, Blotches on the Skin, Disturbed Sleep, Frightful Dreams, and all Nervous and Trembling Sensations, &c. The first dose will give relief in twenty minutes. This is no fiction, for they have done it in countless cases. Every sufferer is earnestly invited to try one Box of these Pills and they will be acknowledged to be WORTH A GUINEA A BOX. For Females of all ages these Pills are invaluable. No Female should be without them. There is no medicine to be found to equal BEECHAM'S PILLS for removing any obstruction or irregularity of the system. If taken according to the directions given with each Box, they will soon restore females of all ages to sound and robust health. This has been proved by thousands who have tried them and found the benefits which are ensured by their use. For a weak stomach, impaired digestion, and all disorders of the liver, they act like magic, and a few doses will be found to work wonders upon the most important organs of the human machine. They strengthen the whole muscular system, restore the long-lost complexion, bring back the keen edge of appetite, and arouse into action, with the rosebud of health, the whole physical energy of the human frame. These are facts testified continually by members of all classes of society; and one of the best guarantees to the nervous and debilitated is, BEECHAM'S PILLS have the largest sale of any patent medicine in the world. Full directions are given with each Box. Prepared by THOMAS BEECHAM, St. Helens, and sold by all Druggists and Patent Medicine Dealers everywhere, in Boxes, at 9 1/2d., 1s. 1 1/2d., and 2s. 9d. each. FOR GENTLEMEN ONLY, (AND BOYS) REAST'S PATENT BODY INVIGORATOR BELT The Volta-Electric Battery is added for 7s. 6d. extra. Besides showing off the figure, and enabling the Tailor to ensure an effective fit and distinguished appearance for the wearer, this combined Belt-Corset is a necessity to most men for the promotion of Health and Comfort, together with an upright soldierly bearing. To the man of fashion it imparts and sustains an elegance in figure and carriage without effort. It Expands the Chest. It Supports the Spine and holds the Figure erect. It protects the Lungs and Kidneys from Cold. It supports the Stomach and prevents and Cures Stoutness, supporting the weight of the abdomen from the back and shoulders. Dr. GAMBIER, M.D., Physician to the Hospital for Consumption, says: "Your Invigorator possesses merits far beyond all others; the chest is expanded and the body kept erect." Dr. O. KELLY, L.R.C.P. Edin., says he believes it is the best invention of the kind for improving the carriage and appearance of the figure. PRICES: 21s. COURTILLE; 25s. PINE WOOL. In ordering, send measurement right round chest and waist, also from bottom of back round over shoulder then under shoulder to buckle near bladebone (see buckle on back of figure), and height, and say if to be worn over or under the shirt. MANUFACTURED BY REAST, PATENTEE, 15, CLAREMONT, HASTINGS. GARDEN REQUISITES. MANUFACTURED BY NEWTON. CHAMBERS & CO. Limd. THORNCLIFFE IRONWORKS. SHEFFIELD. MAY BE OBTAINED THROUGH ANY RESPECTABLE IRONMONGER. Reckitt's Blue. WARNING Refuse all Substitutes R. ATKINSON & CO. Manufacturers to the Queen since 1837. Ten Medals. SEVEN Royal Appointments. Deliver free all purchases--a Dress-Length and upwards--to any part of the World where the Parcel Post exists. IRISH POPLIN In Black and all the Newest Shades and Varieties, from 4/6 to 11/- per yard, 24 inches wide. IRISH POPLIN SASHES In Plaids and Choicest Colours, Full Length, 14/-, 12 inches wide: suitable for Presents to Children. Patterns Post Free. Manufactory: 31, COLLEGE GREEN. DUBLIN. HOPGOOD & Cos NUTRITIVE AND SEDATIVE HAIR CREAM Is the only preparation for the Hair recommended by the Faculty. JOHN A. WALCOTT, M.D., M.R.C.S., says: "I feel much pleasure in being able to recommend (with confidence) your NUTRITIVE CREAM in all cases of irritation of the scalp, accumulation of dandriff, and loss of hair, in each of which I have freely used it with UNFAILING SUCCESS." In Bottles, 1/6, 2/-, 2/6, 3/6, and 5/- OF ALL PERFUMERS AND CHEMISTS. 4711 EAU DE COLOGNE. obtained first prizes wherever exhibited only first prize Cologne 1875. Ferd. Mulhens, Glockengasse 4711, Cologne.JOHN WANAMAKER Publisher [*408 Whitman*] 5¢ a number 50¢ a year BOOK NEWS VOLUME 10. PHILADELPHIA, MAY, 1892 NUMBER 117. A NEW BOOK BY THE AUTHOR OF "UNCLE REMUS." On the Plantation. By Joel Chandler Harris. With numerous illustrations by E. W. Kemble, and portrait of the author. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. The announcement of a new volume by Joel Chandler Harris will be welcomed by the host of readers, who have found unlimited entertainment in the chronicles of "Uncle Remus." "On the Plantation" abounds in stirring incidents, and in it the author presents a graphic picture of certain phases of Southern life which have not appeared in his books before. There are also some new examples of the folk-lore of the negroes which became classic when presented to the public in the pages of "Uncle Remus." Many will read between the lines and see the autobiography of the author. This charming book has been elaborately illustrated by Mr. E. W. Kemble, whose thorough familiarity with Southern types is well known to the reading public. The book is uniform with "Uncle Remus," and contains in all twenty-three illustrations. LARGE-PAPER EDITION OF Bancroft's History of the United States. From the Discovery of the Continent to the Establishment of the Constitution in 1789. Edition de luxe, on large paper, limited to one hundred sets, numbered. Complete in 6 volumes, with a portrait of the author. 8vo, $50.00. It would be superfluous to dwell upon the rank of the late George Bancroft as a historian, or to cite any of the commendations bestowed for so many years upon his work. The publishers believe that a limited large-paper edition of this great History will be appreciated by those who desire to possess the finest edition, and by those who will wish to use large-paper volumes for extra illustration. Collectors of Americana are aware of the opportunities offered by such an edition for the use of portraits and old prints relating to American history. A History of England in the Eighteenth Century. By William E. H. Lecky. Complete in 8 volumes. 8vo, gilt top. Per set, cloth, $20.00; half calf, $36.00. "A work of such scholarly excellence as this is not to be lightly read or dismissed with a commendatory word. It calls for careful perusal, is worthy of trust."—Philadelphia Press. "Its frankness, candor, vigor, and splendor of coloring have combined to place its author among the first historians of this century."— Chicago Times. Life in Ancient Egypt and Assyria. By G. Maspéro, late Director of Archæology in Egypt, and Member of the Institute of France. Translated by Alice Morton. With 188 illustrations. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. "Describes the life of the people from the Pharoah to the slave. It is all very vivid, detailed, and carefully exact. The bearing of it all on the understanding of the Bible is obvious."—New York Christian Union. New Fragments. By John Tyndall, F. R. S., author of "Fragments of Science," "Heat as a Mode of Motion," etc. 12mo. 500 pages. Cloth, $2.00. "Tyndall is the happiest combination of the lover of nature and the lover of science, and these fragments are admirable examples of his delightful style, and proofs of his comprehensive intellect." - Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. Modern Science Series. The "Modern Science Series" is designed primarily for the educated layman who needs to know the present state and result of scientific investigation, and who has neither time nor inclination to become a specialist on the subject which arouses his interest. Each subject will, as far as possible, be presented in language divested of needless technicalities. Illustrations will be given wherever needed by the text. The volumes thus far issued are: The Cause of an Ice Age. By Sir Robert Ball, LL.D., F. R. S., Royal Astronomer of Ireland, author of "Starland." "Of the various ages traced and located by scientists, none is more interesting or can be more so than the Ice Age, and never have its phenomena been more clearly and graphically described, or its causes more definitely located, than in this thrillingly interesting volume."— Boston Traveller. The Horse: A Study in Natural History. By William H. Flower, C. B., Director in the British Natural History Museum. With 27 illustrations. "The author admits that there are 3,800 separate treatises on the horse already published, but he thinks that he can add something to the amount of useful information now before the public, and that something not heretofore written will be found in his book. The volume gives a large amount of information, both scientific and practical, on the noble animal of which it treats."—New York Commercial Advertiser. The Oak: A Study in Botany. By H. Marshall Ward, F. R. S. With 53 illustrations. "Prof. Ward gives a short account of what is most worth attention in the anatomy and physiology of the oak as a forest tree, and from a purely scientific point he makes the story as an object of life but little less fascinating than its folk-lore."—New York World. Each 12mo, cloth, $1.00. For sale by all booksellers, or will be sent by mail on receipt of price by the publishers, D. APPLETON & CO., 1, 3, and 5 Bond Street, New York.Life Insurance is a business, It is not a mystery. It is subject to the same laws that underlie and control all legitimate business enterprises and can be safely conducted only on purely business principles. Its basis is the unclouded truth--the science of mathematics. Presented as a mystery it is a most excellent thing to let alone. Life is too precious to be wasted in solving conundrums or grasping at guesses in the air. Should you desire insurance in a Policy-holder's Company, No stockholders owning or controlling its surplus, Whose policies are plain business contracts, Clean and easily comprehended, Non-forfeitable, Non-restrictive. Affording security at lowest possible cost, Consult the "Penn Mutual," which is conducted in the interest of policy-holders, by policy-holders,, for LIFE INSURANCE ONLY. 921, 923, and 925 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.May, 1892.] BOOK NEWS. i Macmillan & Co.'s New Books. A new Volume of Poems by RUDYARD KIPLING. BALLADS AND BARRACK-ROOM BALLADS. By RUDYARD KIPLING, author of "Life's Handicap," "Plain Tales from the Hills," etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.25. Mr. Rudyard Kipling has revised his verses contributed to various magazines during the past few years. These, together with the poems by "Yussuf," published in Macmillan's Magazine, and a number of new pieces now printed for the first time, will form the above volume. A New Novel by F. MARION CRAWFORD. Second Edition. Cloth, $1.00. THE THREE FATES. A Story of New York Life. By F. MARION CRAWFORD, author of "The Witch of Prague," etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.00. GRANIA: The Story of an Island. By Hon. EMILY LAWLESS, author of "Hurrish," etc." 12mo, cloth, $1.00. Belongs to a class of novels to which the modern mind owes a range of experience and enjoyment far beyond the reach, at any rate, of idle and stay-at-home folk in earlier days. * * * Books of this kind are magician's carpets, transporting us where we will; they make us free of a dozen new worlds, so that imagination goes before acquaintances, and when acquaintance comes softens for us its difficulties. * * * * Grania has carried her (Miss Lawless) substantially beyond her previous work, its simplicity of strength; it treats common things and emotions with that touch which gives freshness and distinction--the last achievement of the writer's art; and the final impression is of something large and true, real and yet beautiful, as it is so often with George Sand. By writing it Miss Lawless has made good her honorable place in a delightful region of pure literature.--Mrs. Humphrey Ward in the New Review. LORD TENNYSON'S NEW BOOK. THE FORESTERS: Robin Hood and Maid Marian. By ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON. 16mo, cloth, $1.25. Uniform with the library edition of his works in 8 volumes. "Lord Tennyson has touched the myth and tradition of Robin Hood with the magic wand of his genius, and made them glow with the fire and semblance of reality."--New York Sun. A New Volume by WILLIAM WINTER. Nearly Ready. SHADOWS OF THE STAGE. By WILLIAM WINTER. Uniform with "Shakespeare's England," "Gray Days and Gold," by the same author. 18mo, cloth, 75 cents. Shakespeare's England. New Edition, cloth, 18mo, 75 cents. "The book is delightful reading... It is a delicious view of England which this poet takes. It is indeed the noble, hospitable merry, romance-haunted England of our fathers--the England which we know of in song and story."--Scribner's Monthly. Gray Days and Gold. 18mo, cloth, 75 cents. "Much that is bright and best in our literature is brought once more to our dulled memories. Indeed, we know of but few volumes containing so much of observation, kindly comment, philosophy, and artistic weight as this unpretentious little book."--Chicago Herald. New Uniform Edition of Work of Dr. ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE. 12mo, cloth, $1.75. ISLAND LIFE: Or, The Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras. Including Revision and attempted Solution of the Problem of Geological Climates. By ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE, LL. D., F. L. S., author of "Darwinism," etc. With illustrations and maps. New and cheaper edition. 12mo, cloth, $1.75. A Guide to Electric Lighting. For Householders and Amateurs. By S. R. BOTTONE, author of "Electrical-Instrument Making," "Electromotors," "Electric Bells," etc. With many illustrations. Price, 75 cents. The Story of the Hills. A Popular account of Mountains and how they are made. By REV. H. N. HUTCHINSON, author of "Autobiography of the Earth." With numerous illustrations. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. A New Volume of Essays by the late E. A. FREEMAN. 8vo, $3.50. HISTORICAL ESSAY. By EDWARD A. FREEMAN, M. A., D. C. L., LL. D. Fourth Series. 8vo, $3.50. ***Purchasers of Books are invited to apply for Macmillan & Co.'s New Catalogue of books by American authors, which will be mailed free to any address. Macmillan & Co., 112 Fourth Ave., New Yorkii BOOK NEWS. [Number 117 REMINGTON STANDARD TYPEWRITER. For Clergymen, For Lecturers, For Business Men, For Professional Men For People everywhere who have Writing to do. It Saves Labor. It Economizes Time. It Secures a Legible and Permanent Manuscript. It Stimulates Mental Effort. It Aids Composition. It Facilitates Extempore Speaking. It Does Away with Writers' Cramp. It is a Pleasure to Use. This is the verdict of Typewriter users in every part of the world. We refer to them everywhere. If you will call on us we will show you many such testimonials. WHAT IT COSTS--HOW IT WORKS Fully explained on application. We shall be pleased to send an illustrated pamphlet to any address of persons interested. Always glad to answer questions or to receive visitors. We guarantee the superiority of our machines, and give to all purchasers the right to return them, unbroken, at any time within 30 days, C. O. D. for full price paid, if not absolutely satisfactory in every respect. Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedict, 834 Chestnut Street (Continental Hotel), PHILADELPHIA. New Catalogue of Books for 1892. Free to any address. A list of over 140 pages, made up of selections from our great stock of standard and current literature. A fair price quoted for every book. A comprehensive and exhaustive retail Catalogue of Books in all branches of literature. You should have a copy. John Wanamaker. May, 1892.] BOOK NEWS. iii WALTER'S SANITARIUM WALTER'S PARK, WERNERSVILLE, PA. ROB'T WALTER, M. D. MRS. E. C. WALTER, M. D., Managing Physicians. W. H. H. BULL, M. D., Surgeon and Gynaecologist. Who has not heard of Wernersville, which is fast attaining to fame as a health resort? Walter's Sanitarium was the first, as it is the largest, and it has made for itself an enviable reputation as a place where the sick and the ailing recover with great certainty, and where well people find the very best opportunities for rest and recreation. The above is a very correct illustration of one of the most beautiful places in Pennsylvania, and the united testimony of visitors is that instead of flattering our place it does its beauty and variety scant justice. THIRTY-FIVE YEARS' EXPERIENCE with Sanitarium methods enable us to prescribe with great precision, which is an important consideration when we consider the value of human life and health. For it is seldom what the physician and the surgeon do, but HOW they do it, that determine results. Baths of all kinds, Massage Electricity, the Movement-cure, are the chief Sanitarium methods. MASSAGE is the great representative system. Walter's Sanitarium first introduced it to the notice of the profession, and for eighteen years has continuously practiced it with great success. It trains its own operators and teaches the ART to scores of young women and men, enabling them thus to quadruple their salaries. Its graduates often earn $1000 to $3000 per year. We would like to correspond with young women especially, with a view to their introduction to our school. Terms very moderate. In the treatment of all forms of digestive and nervous ailments our methods have had an unusual success. In surgical cases and diseases of the female organism we are especially equipped. Send for circular and illustrated catalogue. The following literature is on sale, sent to any address: Outlines of a Common Sense System, 25 cents. Nutritive-Cure, 25 cents. Best Means of Preserving and Regaining Health, 20 cents. Recent Important Discoveries, 20 cents. Philosophy of Health Reform, 10 cents. Four Lectures 12 cents. The whole for $1.00. ADDRESS ROB'T WALTER, M. D., Walter's Park, Pa.IV BOOK NEWS. [Number 117 American Fire Insurance Company. OFFICE: Company's Building, 308 and 310 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. CASH CAPITAL,...$500,000 00 Reserve for Reinsurance and all other Claims,...1,994,685 25 Surplus over all Liabilities,...445,708 82 TOTAL ASSETS, January 1, 1891,...2,950,394 07 THOS. H. MONTGOMERY, President. CHAS. P. PEROT, Vice-President. RICHARD MARIS, Secretary. JAMES B. YOUNG, Actuary. DIRECTORS: Thos. H. Montgomery, John T. Lewis, Israel Morris, Pemberton S. Hutchinson, Alexander Biddle, Charles P. Perot, Joseph E. Gillingham, Samuel Welsh, Chas. S. Whelen. The James Y. Borden All-Hair Bang. No Lace, no Wire, no Net, used in its construction. Patented July 8, 1890; September 12, 1891. We have just opened elaborate parlors for the exclusive sale in Philadelphia, of this wonderful Bang and all of James Y. Borden's Inventions, at 1314 Chestnut Street, Directly opposite John Wanamaker's. Orders by mail receive prompt attention. We have also added three rooms for Ladies' Hair Dressing, Shampooing, Bang Curling, etc. We keep constantly on hand or make to order, every article in the Hair line or for the Ladies' Toilet. Taking that yellow tinge from off of faded False Gray Hair, returning the Switches, Waves, Bangs, etc., to beautiful white, a specialty. My Inventions are not for sale in any other Hair Establishment in the United States. I will examine the scalp, giving advice free, how to keep the scalp in healthy condition and free of dandruff. James Y. Borden, Inventor, 1314 Chestnut Street. Directly opposite John Wanamaker's, Philadelphia, Pa. "Hunter's Invisible" Medicated Face Powder. Has Many Imitators, But No Equators Mrs. R. M. Hunter The only Medicated Face Powder in the market--endorsed by all leading physicians. Ask your druggist for it and take no other. Hunter's "Almond Balm" for rough skin. Office and Factory, 150 North Tenth Street, Philadelphia. Attention is directed to the great variety OF Silk Threads and Flosses MANUFACTURED BY M. HEMINWAY & SONS SILK CO. All the articles mentioned below are guaranteed to be the best that can possibly be produced. Rope Silk. Japan Floss. Twisted Embroidery. Flannel Embroidery. Couching Silk. Dental Floss. Japan Outline. Ecclesiastical Silk. Filoselle. Persian Floss. Darning Silk. Purse Twist. Saddlers' Silk. Glove Mending Silk in Braids. Spool Silk and Button-hole Twist. Tailors' Sewings and Twist. Knitting and Crochet Silks. English Underwear Silk. Manufactory: Watertown, Conn. Prices to the trade on request. Send for our new illustrated Primer. Salesroom: 716 Arch St., Philada. May, 1892.] BOOK NEWS. v A PAGE FOR WOMEN DOINGS OF THE FAIR FOLKS THE PHILADELPHIA RECORD An Admirably Illustrated Department THE RECORD surrenders considerable space in each issue to Bright Chit-Chat, the Latest Fashion Gossip, Household Hints, and to Personal Notes Concerning Woman and Her Doings. THE RECORD is the Great Family Newspaper of Philadelphia, and has the Largest Circulation by many thousand copies. For Advertising Rates, address THE RECORD PUBLISHING CO. 917 and 919 Chestnut Streetvi BOOK NEWS. [Number 117 POPULAR NEW BOOKS. In paper cover, 25 cents each. Widder Doodle's Courtship. By "Josiah Allen's Wife." His Evil Eye. By HARRY I. HANCOCK. A Woman in the Case. Willmoth, the Wanderer. By C. C. DAIL, Why I am What I am. By Fourteen Clergymen. Either of the above books mailed, postpaid, for 25 cents each. Address J. S. OGILVIE, Publisher, 57 Rose Street, New York. It is Easy Enough to Build a House If You Start Right. And the way to start right is to buy the new book, PALLISER'S AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE; or, Every Man a Complete Builder, prepared by Palliser, Palliser & Co., the well-known Architects. A careful examination of this book will save you hundreds of dollars. There is not a Builder, or anyone intending to build or otherwise interested, that can afford to be without it. It is a practical work, and the best, cheapest and most popular book ever issued on Building. Nearly four hundred drawings. A $10 book in size and style, but we have determined to make it meet the popular demand, to suit the times. It contains 104 pages, 11 x 14 inches in size, and consists of large 9 x 12 plat pages, giving plans, elevations, perspective views, descriptions, owners' names, actual cost of construction, no guess work, and instructions HOW TO BUILD seventy Cottages, Villas, Double Houses, Brick Block Houses, suitable for city suburbs, town and country, houses for the farm, and workingmen's homes for all sections of the country, and costing from $800 to $6,500; also Barns, Stables, School House, Town Hall, Churches, and other public buildings, together with specifications, form of contract, and a large amount of information on the erection of buildings, selection of site, employment of Architects. It is worth $10 to any one, but we will send it in paper cover by mail, postpaid, on receipt of $1.00; bound in cloth, $2.00. Address all orders to J. S. OGILVIE, Publisher, 57 Rose Street, New York 400 RECITATIONS AND READINGS. We will send to any address, on receipt of thirty-five cents, a handsome book, bound in paper cover, and containing 400 of the best recitations ever issued. Address J. S. OGILVIE, 57 Rose Street, New York. BEAUTIFY YOUR HOMES. For all decorative purposes use the Celebrated STAR ENAMEL. Chairs, tables, baskets, frames, flowerpots, vases, etc., painted with this enamel have a porcelain surface, and are as glossy and washable as majolica. Used throughout Europe by the nobility generally. The Star Enamel is put up in tin cans as shown in cut, and is sold for 25 cents per can, any color. JAPANESE GOLD PAINT ready mixed, guaranteed to be the most brilliant and durable Gold Paint, per bottle, 25 cents, put up in a polished wooden box. This cut is 1/4 size of can. For Sale by JOHN WANAMAKER. STAINED GLASS. C. H. POSTEL & CO. 1314 & 1316 RIDGE AVE. Frederick Warne & Co's List. In 8vo cloth, $2.75. A Handbook of Architectural Styles. Translated from the German of A. Rosengarten, by W. Collett Sandars. A new edition, with 639 illustrations. This book is invaluable to art students, architects, and general readers, both for its comprehensive range and conciseness, as well as for the great taste displayed in the selection of its pictorial illustrations. Now ready, in 12mo, cloth, $1.00. John Ruskin; His Life and Teaching. By J. MARSHALL MATHER. Third edition revised. This volume is not a criticism, but simply an outline of Ruskin's life and teaching, intended for those who purpose a careful and detailed study of his works. "The tendency of Ruskin's influence is to purify and ennoble, to enthrone duty, reveal goodness and encourage hope and love."--The World, N. Y. In one handsome demy 8vo volume, cloth, gilt top, $2.00. The Koran; or, Alcoran of Mohammed. With explanatory notes, and readings from Savary's version; also a preliminary discourse. By GEORGE SALE. With maps and plans. This is the best library edition extant of the best-known translation of the sacred book of the Mohammedans, a religion that embraces millions of followers and has interested thinkers of all degrees and beliefs. New Edition. In 8vo cloth, $2.75. The Anatomy of Melancholy. What it is, with all the Kinds, Causes, Symptoms. Prognostics and several cures for it, by DEMOCRITUS JUNIOR (Robert Burton). In 16mo, cloth, 40 cents. The Canary. The History, Varieties, Management and Breeding, by RICHARD AVIS. Just ready, Seventh Edition, in 12mo, cloth, $1.25. Food and Feeding. By SIR HENRY THOMPSON, F. R. C. S. Sir Henry Thompson, besides being one of the leading London physicians, is also a most graceful writer. The above book is at once a delightful, gossipy companion and a learned and exhaustive treatment of dietetics and the cuisine, and probably contains Sir Henry's final corrections and revisions. Of all booksellers or mailed free on receipt of price by the publishers. 3 Cooper Union, Fourth Avenue, New York. May, 1892.] BOOK NEWS. vii Sample pages of Mrs. Rorer's Cook Book, in paper covers, sent free to any address. The Best Cook Book $1.75 By mail. We pay the postage. What makes Mrs. Rorer's Cook Book the best? The fact that it is a practical book by a practical cook. That the recipes are perfectly reliable. That failures are impossible. That its use saves dollars. That it is easily understood. That it teaches everything, and does not pre-suppose a knowledge of cookery. That its pages--there are nearly 600 of them--teem with choice recipes in every department. These are reasons enough to put this Cook Book into the hands of every housekeeper in the country. We are trying to reach them. Thousands have it; we are after the other thousands. Are you one of them? Bound in washable oil cloth covers; price $1.75 by mail; we pay postage. ARNOLD & COMPANY, 420 Library Street, Philadelphia. Sample pages of Mrs. Rorer's Cook Book, in paper covers, sent free to any address.viii BOOK NEWS. [Number 117 In Quentin Durward's Time. A brilliant account of a famous old French stronghold, with beautiful illustrations; and A Picture-Book of 1789, By Helen Gray Cone, with fac-similes of the poems and pictures in William Blake's "Songs of Innocence," are two articles that stand for The Past in the MAY WIDE AWAKE. The Present is represented by a stirring poem on Decoration Day, written for American boys and girls by Elbridge S. Brooks, and by a delightful and suggestive story of Memorial Day, Almost a Deserter. Besides these there is a real "Hale" story by the son of the author of "The Man Without a Country." A thoroughly jolly story of a country boy's experience in a sleeping-car, "The Upper Nine." A charming sketch of a girl in a studio. The rhyme of a Chinese prince and the song of a Yankee princess. A tribute to Wide Awake's founder, the late DANIEL LOTHROP. Sketches, poems, illustrations, all bright and attractive and genuinely wide awake! Twenty cents buys it. At the news-stands or sent by mail; postpaid, by D. LOTHROP CO., Publishers, BOSTON. New Books. Marjorie's Canadian Winter. A Story of The Northern Lights. By AGNES MAULE MACHAR, author of "Stories of New France." 12mo, illustrated, $1.50. There is no place on the globe where winter sports are so jolly as in Canada. The Yankee lassie found this out, and found out, too, many interesting bits of valuable historical information. The story has, with all its realism, a fine spiritual thought running through it like a golden thread. Looking Out on Life. A Book for Girls. By Rev. F. E. CLARK, "Father Clark" of the Christian Endeavor movement. 12mo, 75 cents. Dr. Clark has written several spirited books of and for boys. This one consists of talks to girls, and abounds in crisp, bright, wholesome suggestions about their health, habits, tastes, work, play-time, and many other important matters. Mothers will gladly put it into their daughters' hands, sure that the girls will both read and profit by it. A Cluster of Pearls. For Christian Endeavor Workers. Compiled by W. A. Newman Dorland. 12mo, 75 cents. A volume rich in valuable and appropriate selections such as will meet the needs of Christian workers in all lines and provide helpful and inspiring. D. Lothrop Co., Pubs., BOSTON. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO'S NEW BOOKS. A Day at Laguerre's and Other Days. By F. HOPKINSON SMITH, author of "Colonel Carter of Cartersville," "A White Umbrella in Mexico." $1.25 Nine delightful sketches and stories, full of interesting incidents, and written with admirable humor and literary charm. The Discovery of America. With some account of Ancient America and the Spanish Conquest. By JOHN FISKE. With a steel portrait of Mr. Fiske, and many maps. 2 vols., crown 8vo, $4.00. The discovery of America has never before been treated with the fullness and the wonderful charm of narrative which characterize this work. San Salvador. By MARY AGNES TINCKER, author of "Two Coronets," etc. $1.25. A story of peculiar interest, describing an ideal method and order of society and of life. It is not fantastic, but inspired by a lofty purpose to make life nobler and every way better. The Unseen Friend. By LUCY LARCOM. $1.00. A little book emphasizing and illustrating the great idea of the immediate presence of God among men. The House of the Seven Gables. By NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE. Popular Edition. $1.00. Little Brothers of the Air. By OLIVE THORNE MILLER, author of "Bird Ways," "In Nesting Time," etc. Each, $1.25. Mrs. Miller writes delightfully of king-birds, blue-jays, woodpeckers, thrushes, bobolinks, goldfinches, cuckoos, red-breasts, and many other birds. Colonel Starbottle's Client, and Some Other People. Nine inimitable short stories, by BRET HARTE. $1.25. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston. May, 1892.} BOOK NEWS. ix LITTLE, BROWN & CO. Will publish in May A New Work by Francis Parkman: A Half-Century of Conflict. By FRANCIS PARKMAN. Completing his historical series, "France and England in North America," and filling the gap between "Frontenac and New France" and "Montcalm and Wolfe." In two volumes, 8vo, cloth, $5.00. Mr. Parkman's Other Works: Conspiracy of Pontiac. 2 vols., 8vo, $5.00. The Oregon Trail. 1 vol., 8vo, $2.50. "France and England in North America," viz.: Pioneers of France in the New World. 8vo, $2.50. The Jesuits in North America. 8vo, $2.50. LaSalle and the Discovery of the Great West. 8vo, $2.50. The Old Regime in Canada under Louis XIV. 8vo, $2.50. Count Frontenac and New France under Louis XIV. 8vo, $2.50. Montcalm and Wolfe. 2 vols., 8vo, $5.00. Lever's Arthur O'Leary. Arthur O'Leary: His Wanderings and Ponderings in Many Lands. By CHARLES LEVER. With 10 etchings by George Cruikshank. Crown 8vo, cloth, gilt top, $2.50. Previously issued uniform with the above: Charles O'Malley, the Irish Dragoon. 2 vols., Crown 8vo, $5.00. The Confessions of Harry Lorrequer. 2 vols., Crown 8vo, $5.00. Each work contains numerous etchings, etc., by "Phiz." Essays and Criticisms. By ST. GEORGE MIVART. 2 vols., 8vo, cloth, $8.00. OTHER NEW BOOKS. The Deluge. An Historical Romance of Poland, Sweden, and Russia. A Sequel to "With Fire and Sword." By HENRYK SIENKIEWICZ. Translated by Jeremiah Curtin. 2 vols., Crown 8vo, cloth, $3.00. With Fire and Sword. An Historical Romance of Poland and Russia. By HENRYK SIENKIEWICZ. Translated by Jeremiah Curtin. 1 vol., Crown 8vo, cloth, $2.00. A Woman of Shawmut. A story of old Colonial times. By EDMUND J. CARPENTER. Illustrated by F. T. Merrill. 16mo, cloth, gilt top, $1.25. Carine, a Story of Sweden. By LOUIS ENAULT. With numerous illustrations by Louis K. Harlow. 16mo, cloth, gilt top, $1.25. The Blind Musician. By VLADIMIR KOROLENKO. With illustrations by E. H. Garrett. 16mo, cloth, gilt top, $1.25. Tales of Three Centuries. By MICHAEL ZAGOSKIN. Translated from the Russian by Jeremiah Curtin. 12mo, cloth, $1.00. Familiar Quotations. A collection of Passages, Phrases, and Proverbs traced to their sources in Ancient and Modern Literature. By JOHN BARTLETT. Ninth edition. Crown 8vo, cloth, gilt top, $3.00. LITTLE, BROWN & CO., Publishers, 254 Washington Street, Boston. BOOK NEWS [Number II7 "BIG MEDICINE!" Exclaimed the savage spoiler on the African battle-field, when rifling the poor soldier's knapsack. "The Superior Medicine" is the unanimous verdict of the civilized world in regard to AYER'S Sasaparilla. That it is superior to all other blood-purifiers is proved not only by the testimony of leading physicians and druggists, but by the practical test of countless patients covering a period of nearly half a century. AYER'S Sarsaparilla is to-day the most popular alterative in pharmacy—the one on which people place most reliance, its enviable reputation being due, not to sensational advertising, but to substantial merit. Everywhere, he standard Spring Medicine and Specific for all forms of Blood Disease, is AYER'S Sarsaparilla Prepared by Dr. J. C. Ayer & Co., Lowell, Mass. Has cured others, will cure you COSTIVENESS If long neglected, is sure to result in Chronic Constipation, one of the most dangerous conditions of the system. To prevent this, the promptest as well as the safest and most effective remedy is Ayer's Cathartic Pills Prepared by Dr. J. C. Ayer & Co., Lowell, Mass. Every dose effective. BOOK NEWS VOLUME I0. PHILADELPHIA, MAY, I892. NUMBER II7. BOOK NEWS. Entered at the Philadelphia's Post Office as second-class matter. A monthly publication giving prompt and accurate information concerning every new book—its scope, its worth, its price—together with miscellaneous items and articles of special interest to readers, authors, and publishers. When ordering a change of address GIVE THE OLD POST-OFFICE as well as the one of which you wish BOOK NEWS sent. 50 cents a year, postpaid. JOHN WANAMAKER, Philadelphia. NOTES FROM BOSTON. NATHAN HASKELL DOLE. BOSTON, April I8, I892. Mr. Horace Parker Chandler has completed his compilation of Love-poems for every day in the year. The first volume of "The Lover's Year-Book of Poetry" came out some months ago. The second, which covers the months from July to December, will be out in time for June weddings, if not in time for those who look forward to June weddings. In his preface he speaks paradoxically, for while he recognizes all the months without distinction or favor, he declares that "In the tropics there are no seasons," and he adds, very charmingly, "Geographically speaking, some men have more Winter than others; spiritually speaking, whatever man's location on this earth he may have perpetual Summer." Besides the stipulated diary, there is an annex entitled "A Week of Sonnets"—one for each morning and evening, and the book ends in a rondel by Walter Crane. I believe I have already mentioned the fact that Mr. Chandler is an enthusiastic and skillful "Amateur Photographer." Some of his work in this line, might be called natural poems—such, for example, his perpetuation of a spider's web. I have at this moment at my side a photograph, which has the appearance of an etching, of an ancient abandoned mansion that exists and decays at the present time in the historic town of Brunswick, Maine. It is one of those ample New England houses with rooms on both sides of the front door, which ought to have given birth to a more symmetrical manhood and womanhood than most city houses which are onesided—all a the left or right of the door. About such a house Miss Jewett or Miss Wilkins ought to write one of her most thrilling and pathetic tales. It ought to inspire a poet to write such a poem as Swinburne has composed on the neglected garden. It is a natural transition from this subject to the statement that Houghton, Mifflin & Company have just published a delightful book entitled "The Rescue of an Old Place," by Mrs. Mary Caroline Robbins, and all the more natural because curiously enough Mr. Chandler was in part responsible for the creation of the book. Mrs. Robbins was the daughter of the late Honorable James S. Pike, formerly connected with the New York Tribune and Minister of the Netherlands during President Lincoln's Administration. The family was originally from Maine. Mrs. Robbins, before her marriage, was a frequent contributor to the Boston Advertiser and the Next York Evening Post and the magazines, under the pseudonym of Sidney Hyde. She was a very brilliant artist, and many of her articles were in the form of art criticism. She also translated under her own name Eugene Fromentin's "Old Masters of Belgium and Holland," and Gonse's admirable life of Fromentin, Henry Greville's "Count Xavier," and Cherbuliez's "Romance of an Honest Woman." Her husband is James H. Robbins, M.D., and she lives in the quaint old town of Hingham. Virgil says "facilis descensus Averni," which being translated to suit the neighborhood of Boston would read "easy is the descent to Hull." Hull is next to Hingham, and it is still easier to make the descent to Hingham. There is the historic church known as "the Old Ship," and the shaded streets are distinguished by a goodly number of those fascinating New England mansion-houses which our Puritan ancestors loved to build. Pray let me refer the reader to Mrs. Robbins's picturesque description of the house which stood on their four-acre lot. It is the very first chapter of her book, and I am certain that if any one begins that first page nothing short of dissolution will prevent a continuance, for some books are like Niagara; if you stand under the Fall, in the Cave of the Winds, and so much as thrust in the tip of your little finger, before you know it the water will have drawn in your hand, and good-bye. The chapters which form Mrs. Robbins' book were contributed as articles at the suggestion of Professor Sargent to Garden and Forest, and attracted a good 388 BOOK NEWS. [Number 117 deal of attention. Among the many people who wrote either to Professor Sargent or Mrs. Robbins, praying to have them preserved in book form, were the late Mr. Clapp, of the Boston Journal, ex-Governor Long (who wrote an appreciative review of the book), Mr. H. H. Hunnewell, of Wellesley, and Mr. Ellwanger, of Rochester. Accordingly they were submitted to Mr. Chandler, who declared they were "literature," and the result was that they were accepted by Houghton, Mifflin & Company. Surely the influence of such books is elevating and the spirit contagious, and I assure the readers of BOOK NEWS that there are equal possibilities in hundreds of places in New England. Houghton, Mifflin & Company will publish during the month of May a new edition of Hawthorne's "Scarlet Letter," with photogravure reproductions of the late F. O. C. Darley's twelve illustrations, which will be remembered as having appeared many years ago in large oblong form. They also have in preparation Professor Norton's prose translation of Dante's "Paradise," A. W. Hutton's life of Cardinal Manning (in the series of English Religious Leaders), the life of Professor Henry B. Smith, by the late Professor L. F. Stearns, of Bangor Theological Seminary (in the series of American Religious Leaders), the Rev. Lyman Abbott's Lowell Institute Lectures on the Evolution of Christianity (which some people thought ranked Mr. Beecher's successor among conservative Unitarians), "The Claims of Decorative Art," by Walter Crane, who has been making a lengthy visit in Boston this past winter, "Favorite Flies," by Mrs. Mary E. O. Marbury, who deserves commemoration as a feminine disciple of Walton, and finally Charles Francis Adams's "Three Episodes of Massachusetts History," in two volumes. Mr. Dunbar, author of the brochure on Phillips Brooks, tells me that of Mr. Elbridge Henry Goss's Life of Paul Revere all the copies but twenty of the edition de luxe are sold, and that no more will be printed. In this edition the plates were colored by hand. The J. G. Cupples Company have also all the few remaining copies of James Waylen's Genealogical History of the Descendants of the Protector, entitled "The House of Cromwell and the Story of Dunkirk." The English edition is wholly sold. The book, with its fund of anecdotes and letters, is valuable to Americans because some of Cromwell's descendants came to this country. The same publishers have in hand the poems of the so-called "Peasant Bard," Josiah Dean Canning, who died a month ago. He was born and spent his life in Gill, on the Connecticut River. The first collection of his poems appeared in 1838, when he was twenty-two. It is just forty years since his last book, "The Harp and Plow," was published. He was an interesting character, and his poems ought to have a wide sale. The gleaner finds very little fruit in the corn-fields of the publishers. The prospects of crops are kept religiously dark. A few as yet unannounced items I may give. This from T. Y. Crowell & Co.: The Reverend J. F. Cowan, D. D., of Pittsburgh, who is a most indefatigable worker, has just finished reading the proofs of a book story for young people, destined to be popular among the members of the Society of Christian Endeavor ; it bears the rather odd title of "The Mother of the King's Children," and pictures the advantage of common sense in religion. Mr. Warren Lee Goss, author of "Jed" and "Recollections of a Private," is engaged in bringing forth a new story of the war. It is entitled "Tom Clifton, or Western Boys in Grant and Sherman's Army." Like most of Mr. Goss's work it is full of rollicking humor, and will be valuable as a picture of past events by one who participated in them. Dr. Miller, of Philadelphia, is writing a companion volume to "Silent Times" and "Making the Most of Life." It will be entitled "The Every Day of Life." Miss Anna Chapin Ray, of West Haven, Connecticut, the successful author of "Half a Dozen Boys," and "Half a Dozen Girls," has two ships on the stocks : one is entitled "The Cadets of Flemming Hall," and the other is based on a summer spent by her in a mining camp in Colorado. Readers of the Christian Union will undoubtedly have seen during the past two or three years a series of articles by Blanche Wilder Bellamy on English poets. Mrs. Bellamy, whose husband, a brilliant lawyer of Brooklyn, New York, is a brother of Mr. Edward Bellamy, is engaged in revising and enlarging these articles which will be published by Crowell & Company, under the taking title "Makers of English Verse." Mrs. Bellamy was associated with her sister, Mrs. Almon Goodwin, of New York, in the compilation of "Open Sesame," by all odds the best thesaurus of selections for the young that I ever saw. Both the sisters are extremely bright women ; I wish I felt at liberty to repeat some of the clever bons mots with which they have delighted their friends. Mrs. Sarah K. Bolton, whose home is in Cleveland, is at present visiting her son, Mr. Charles Knowles Bolton, at Cambridge. Mr. Bolton is connected with the Harvard Library. Mrs. Bolton's forthcoming book in her already extended "Famous" series of brief biographies—and remarkably successful they have been—will be entitled "Famous Types of Womanhood." It will include sketches of Jenny Lind, Dorothea Lynde Dix, Harriet Martineau, Susannah Wesley and others. Speaking of Mr. Edward Bellamy, it may be interesting to state the fact that his "Looking Backward" has been translated into Russian, and is having a wide sale and great influence in Russia. The old-time writer P. B. Zasodimsky, is now resident in the distant city of Vologdá, and has conceived the idea of publishing a book to be entitled Sbornik Polzu Golodayushchikh - literally "A Collection for the Aid of the Starving." The volume will contain gratuitous contributions May, 1892.] BOOK NEWS. 389 from Count Tolstoï, Vladímir Korolenko, Vladímir Solovief, N. N. Zlatovratsky, and all the prominent young poets of Russia, and it was felt that in view of Mr. Bellamy's popularity an article from his pen would be a great envoy to the book. Accordingly Mr. Bellamy was asked by one of his admirers, and most kindly consented to contribute an article to this book, the entire proceeds of which are to be given to the starving. Mr. Henry George also will be represented, and possibly one or two other American authors. I think that in view of its purpose and these facts it will be quite a curiosity—provided it is not nipped in the bud by the erratic censorship. Count Tolstoï, by the way, whose noble exertions in behalf of his starving fellow countrymen will place him high among practical philanthropists, has been not only very much annoyed but also actually hindered in his benevolent efforts by the false reports written and telegraphed from Russia concerning him. Recently the Moscow Gazette (Moskowskiya Vyedomosti), contained what purported to be extracts from letters sent by Count Tolstoï to English periodicals, and reflecting severely on the Russian people and the causes of the present famine. Great indignation was caused by these strictures, and Count Tolstoï was overwhelmed by inquiries and reproaches. He accordingly addressed a circular letter to the Novosti (the News) the Sankt-Peterburgskiya Vyedomosti, Russkiya Zhisn (Russian Life), Novoye Vremya, Grazhdanin (The Citizen), and other Petersburg journals in which he said:— "I have written no letters to any English periodicals. The extract printed in italics and attributed to me is a passage (very much altered in consequence of its double and quite too free translation first into English and then into Russian again) from an article of mine which was sent last October to a Moscow journal but not published, and which was subsequently, according to my custom, freely granted to translators. "The passage printed in large type in the Moskovskiya Vyedomosti, immediately after the extract from my article and purporting to be a theory developed by me in a second letter, what the people ought to do in order to escape from the famine—is a sheer invention. "In this passage the contriver of the article employs words of mine written in an entirely different connection to express a thought entirely foreign to me and opposed to my convictions." This fact ought to have wide publicity because a telegraphic report has been spread broadcast that Count Tolstoï had been stopped in his labors among the starving. It perhaps ought to be added that the Moscow Gazette has just printed seven columns of explanations, letters and telegrams whereby it proves to its own satisfaction that Count Tolstoï stultified himself in this denial, after having expressed himself as pleased with Mr. Dillon's translation. But it seems evident that Count Tolstoï's position was misunderstood and his meaning misinterpreted. Mr. George H. Wilson, the former musical editor of the Boston Traveller and well-known as the compiler and publisher of the Musical Year-Book, has recently left Boston and gone to Chicago as Secretary for the Musical Department of the World's Columbian Exposition. He is now in Europe engaged in making arrangements which will add to the completeness of the Art Department for that coming event which is beginning to cast its brightness before. Mr. Wilson has also just bought the Boston Musical Herald, which had hitherto been published by the New England Conservatory of Music. The Conservatory, which has been laboring under the burden of a mortgage of $150,000 on its splendid property, is now making a grand effort to liquidate this indebtedness. The present director, Mr. Carl Faelten, one of the ablest musicians in this country, made his continuance in his place conditional on the establishment of the Conservatory on a sound financial basis, and the fund for this purpose has already reached the sum of $116,000. The President of the Board of Trustees is Mr. Richard H. Dana, grandson of the author of "Three Years Before the Mast." He married a daughter of the poet Longfellow. The Conservatory has not merely a local interest ; it attracts nearly a thousand pupils from all parts of the country, and sows a leaven of the divine art in places musically desert. It is, in a certain sense, under the protection of the Boston University, but all suspicion of denominational bias has been dissipated since the death of Doctor Tourgée, who founded it. It is a great and beneficent institution and ought to be a power for good. The arrival of the Rev. Edward Everett Hale at the hale old age of threescore years and ten has brought about a pleasant congratulatory atmosphere and various dinners. This very day a complimentary banquet is given to him at the Vendome. Among the invited guests is one which though silent, yet speaketh— a portrait bust by the young poet-sculptor, William Ordway Patridge. It is a splendid, strong, massive piece of bronze, and, as I hinted, a speaking likeness. WITH THE NEW BOOKS. BY TALCOTT WILLIAMS. Mr. William Watson has been writing for over ten years. He has twice published in that time a slender volume of verse. His poems have repeatedly appeared in the Spectator. Yet it is only within the last year that the English-speaking world has awakened to the knowledge that it has a new poet. "Poems" which he has just issued, is a small book of 184 pages, which no one who loves verse for its own sake can neglect. One's time is fully occupied if one keep in touch and knowledge of the verse which every one must read to be well read. There is nothing which so much needs to be read often to keep taste at a keen edge as great verse, long recognized as such. But if one loves, too, the verse which will be so recognized, there is no volume, if we390 BOOK NEWS. [Number 117 except Mr. Chas. L. Moore's series of sonnets, which better deserves attention than Mr. Watson's. His verse has allusive epithet, and it has elevation. It shares, as all verse but the very greatest does, in the day's daily wrangle over the issues of the throng. The tense string is but too apt to stir with every breeze. Above all, Mr. Watson has that rare felicity of phrase which stirs emotion as three or four notes will in music - we know not how or why. Mr. William Morris has gathered in a volume the fugitive pieces of ten years and more. "Poems by the Way," are all colored by the pet socialist conviction of "Alice in Wonderland," that while there was jam yesterday, and will be jam to-morrow, there is none to-day. The past was well. The future will be. The present is abominable. This is not true. Its false note becomes clear when one stops to see that its utterance has to be disguised in archaic forms. No sane man ever could select a masquerade costume for serious work. This is as true in letters as in life. Mr. Morris imitates admirably. His verse has charm. It beguiles. The misty past rises in a light it never had. But no line and no verse rests on that basis of unalterable and lasting fact out of which all true verse springs. Mr. Morris is too sincere in these poems, echoing mediaeval ballad and Norse song to be treated lightly, but "Poems by the Way" is almost as good a test of one's knowledge of what poetry is not as is Macaulay's "Lays of Ancient Rome." It is better, if one hungers for the past and its poetry, to read "Beowulf in Prose" in Mr. John Earle's fluent translation. The translation cannot be considered better than the line for line version published ten years ago by Dr. James M. Garnett, which follows most closely the order and rhythm of the original. Either are far better than Mr. Hayne's in 1863, in iambic verse, or Mr. H. W. Lumsden's in ballad measure in 1881. There are besides Mr. J. M. Kemble's, 1837, and Mr. B. Thorpe's, 1855, both now out of date, and Mr. Thomas Arnold's in 1876, the last prose translation before Mr. Earle's. Mr. Earle's work is less completely equipped with bibliography and reference than Mr. Garnett's, to whom Mr. Earle does not allude in his introduction, which gives a summary of the English, German and Teuton study of the poem. The American is omitted altogether, though Messrs. Harrison & Sharpe have published an admiable working edition of the poem. The fac simile of the only manuscript in existence, issued by the Early English Text Society in 1882, is, of course, the one text to which the serious student will turn. Mr. Earle's notes take a wide range and are in the true Oxford spirit which is useful as an aid, but dangerous as an exclusive guide. He fixes the locality of the poem in England, as does Mr. Morley, and finds it in Mexican politics. Ecuador and its Andes have had the curious fate of attracting much attention when M. La Condamine and Don Maldonado measured a degree of the earth's surface in 1736, and of having had very little written about it since. The maps they made are still standard after 150 years. This is true of astonishingly little of the earth's surface. There are equally few places which a man could visit as Mr. Edward Whymper did in 1879, and then wait twelve years before publishing an account of his travels to find the subject still fresh. Mr. Edward Whymper is chiefly known as a most successful mountain climber. In his new book, "Travels Among the Great Andes of the Equator," he has done much more. He has described a climb of some of the world's highest mountains, he has thrown new light on the behavior of aneroids at high elevations, he has described fully and carefully mountain sickness, and he has given an admirable physiographic account of the region. No one is likely to appreciate all this book stands for in labor and perambulating effort unless one has shared in some such work. It is a marvelous work. Single pages stand for weary months of hard labor. Time and delay has robbed the tone and temper of the book of some of the absorbing zeal of travel; but it has made it far more valuable as a scientific record, a model of its kind. No one interested in geographical work can neglect it, though it may prove heavy to readers who turn to travel solely for adventure. Mr. Whymper has climbed too much to give all the details one would like. Mr. Thomas George Bonney is an Englishman of scientific training who has written the kind of semi-historical, semi-architectural volumes which endeavor to convey local archaeology to the presumably intelligent and enquiring reader. In "Christian Doctrine and Modern Thought," the Boyle lectures for 1891, Mr. Bonney endeavors to place Christian dogma in relation to modern thought, or to give it a scientific explanation, sometimes one and sometimes the other. The task is important and requires the highest powers. Mr. Bonney has not succeeded in it. His lectures are trite, and it is difficult to see where they differ from the general run of apologetics save that his definition of each dogma is vague. A scientific treatment must begin, if it is to be worth anything, by an exact definition of the problem it seeks to solve. Sir Charles Dilke is to-day the best military and political critic in the English language, so far as equipment goes, and probably - though this only time can tell - as far as judgment is concerned. What work the English fleet will have to do in war and how strong ought it to be, what are the mutual conditions of the battle-field in Central Asia on which England and Russia must some day meet and settle their supremacy in the continent, and what does the English army need? - are three problems as May, 1892.] BOOK NEWS. 391 interesting as any now afloat. "Imperial Defence" says the last word on each of them. It is a book especially valuable to the unfortunate editorial writers on American newspapers to whom an inscrutable Providence assigns the task of explaining in editorials cable despatches which tell little about affairs in Central Asia, of which they know less, to readers who know nothing. The sketch maps of Afghanistan are more lucid and accompanied by a better explanation of the region than have yet appeared explanation of the region than have yet appeared outside of technical reports and transactions. The paper on the English navy, while sound, could have been brought down to a more recent date. "Julius Caesar" by Mr. W. Warde Fowler, is written from the present standpoint that all was over with the Republic, and that the world was fortunate in having Caesar at hand to save society and establish order by founding the empire. This theory is now as fully accepted as the tyrant theory was a century ago. The former is nearer right than the latter, but the truth is probably somewhat nearer the middle than Mr. Warde places it. The interest of his book lies in his endeavor, often successful, to give the character and personality of Caesar prominence. The chapter on his closing legislation - his most important life-work - is extremely scanty, though it is not easy at this point to separate Caesar's work from that of Augustus. "Julius Caesar" is readable, it is up to date - save in the particular just mentioned - and if it errs in eulogy, this is a venial fault and ensures interest. In 1884 the Socialist vote at the German elections first attracted attention as a growing measure and in this and the following year Dr. A. Schaffle, of Stuttgart, wrote three letters sketching social democracy as understood in Germany, pointing out its fallacies and indicating an answer to its aims and assumptions. By 1891 these letters had reached a fourth edition, and the author added a note on Bellamy's "Looking Backward." It is in its way a rather remarkable proof of the visible progress of Socialism in this half decade that Dr. Schaffle in this appendix devotes himself to the hope that current natural causes under an individual system would produce most of the results desired by Socialists. The book is excessively German, conservative and reactionary. It has a useful analysis of the Socialist plan, but it is written in complete ignorance of the progress made elsewhere in securing initiative organization and control for labor employed in production here and in England. Prof. Summer, of Yale, has done alll Dr. Schaffle seeks to do, and done it better, though less methodically. The peace of the seas, to-day universal, was last secured in Chinese and Japanese waters. Forty years ago, it was still true there, as it once was 100 years ago in the Mediterranean, that any merchantman must always be ready to fight for her safety. Piracy was suppressed quite as much by the defence of merchantment as by the attacks of men-of-war. Abler seamen, better fighting or headier daring has nowhere been shown on any decks than under the English and American merchant ensign in the straits, creeks and rivers of China. The best of it was done in opium traffic, a bad trade carried on by good men. Captain Lindlay Anderson in "Among Typhoons and Pirate Craft," continues the story of his "Cruise in an Opium Clipper," and there are few "books for boys" better or healthier than this readable, accurate and real narrative. It needs a map, but the simplicity of the story carries one along even with this lack. Mr. Thomas O'Conor Sloane, for six years past one of the editors of the Scientific American, published four years ago a little book of simple scientific experiments, and he has succeeded this by a thin volume intended to show the various toys and simple apparatus in which electricity can be used. "Electric Toymaking" is intended for amateurs; some considerable capacity in dealing with the simpler metal-work is needed to use it, but it has nothing which could not be easily done by an amateur or even a boy of 16 or so. The directions are simple, the cuts are clear and the book presupposes a rudimentary acquaintance with ordinary chemical reactions and simple electrical fittings. PAUL HEYSE. Paul Johann Ludwig Heyse, poet, dramatist and novelist, was born March 15, 1830, in Berlin. His father, Karl Heyse, was a distinguished university professor and philologist, and published, besides other works, "A Dictionary of the German Language." Johann Heyse, Paul's grandfather, was also a writer, and a native of Germany. "Men and Women of the Time" supplies the following facts: Paul Heyse was educated in the Frederick-William Gymnasium of his native city, and in the Universities of Berlin and Bonn, where he applied himself to the study of philology. In 1852 he repaired to Italy, to examine the manuscripts in the public libraries of Rome, Florence and Venice. In May, 1854, he was summoned to Munich by King Maximilian, and he there married the daughter of the eminent writer on art, Franz Kugler. He has written some tragedies, which have been performed in various towns of Germany, viz; "Francesca di Rimini," 1850; "Meleager," 1854; "The Men of the Palatinate in Ireland (Die Pfalzer in Irland)," 1855; "Elizabeth Charlotte," 1860; "The Counts Von des Esche;" and some others. He has also produced narrative and epic poems. "The Brothers," 1852; "Thecla," a poem in nine cantos, 1858; and a number of collections of metrical tales and novels "Gesammelte Novellen in Ver-392. BOOK NEWS. [Number 117 sen," 1863. His later productions are "Troubadour-Novellen," 1882; "Don Juan's End," a tragedy; "Buch des Freundschaft," and "Siechentrost," 1883; and "Gesammelte Werke," in 21 volumes, 1872-1885. Of his tales, "In Paradise" ("Im Paradiese"), and "Children of the World" (Kinder der Welt"), are perhaps best known. "Barabarossa and Other Tales," "The Dead Lake," "L'Arrabiata," "La Marchesa and Other Tales," "The Romance of the Canoness," have all appeared in English translation. He has written also on aesthetics and on Spanish, French, Provencal, Italian and romance literature. In George Brandt's "Eminent Authors of the Nineteenth Century," published a few years ago, Paul Heyse is the subject of a very comprehensive and critical appreciation. In appearance he is described as "a handsome man of debonnair bearing, with winning dark eyes and charming manners. He has been spared the struggles of the literary man, for he has always had plenty of money." ELLA WHEELER WILCOX "As I read over my own works, and painfully realize their great defects, I am moved to wonder why I have been accorded such unusual success when many writers who far excel me as poets and artists have failed to win recognition or remuneration. I think it must be due to the fact that I threw into my work a good deal of the extreme vitality with which I was endowed. It touched the public like an electric wave, and brought my verses into immediate notice. "Yet I shall be forgotten while more careful and conscientious artists live in the memory of the world. While I realize all my shortcomings, I do not see how I could have done differently in the past. I performed the duty nearest to me as well as I knew how to do. I heard recently that Mr. Edmund Clarence Stedman honored me by the remark that he wished he could have had the literary training of me from my twelfth year; he would have made a better poet of me. I believe this to be true. He would have taught me that the manner of expression is as worthy of consideration as the thought to be expressed—a fact that I was sadly tardy in discovering. He would have caused me to contribute more to art, but I fear less to duty than I have done. I should have been a better poet, but a less useful financier and citizen. I should be remembered long by critics, but less gratefully by those whom I owe my existence." Lippincott's Magazine. Ella Wheeler Wilcox thus estimates her own work, and strikes the keynote to her methods of expression. She was born in Wisconsin, ten miles from Madison, of poor parents with an inheritance from her mother of talent, charm and beauty. The family was without means to secure luxuries or to provide means of indulging the longing of the young poetess for city delights and social excitements. At fourteen years of age her poems and sketches were first published in the New York Mercury. The poem—"A desperate love-song" she calls it—was ridiculed by the editors who hoped thereby to prevent the aspirant from any further literary effort. Her perseverance was rewarded, however, in two years time, when she was "basking in the sunlight of local fame and appreciation." Soon after was published "Drops of Water," a small volume containing verses on the subject of total abstinence. The copyright was secured by the National Temperance Publishing House in New York City for fifty dollars, and with this sum of money the young authoress felt rich indeed. A miscellaneous collection of poems entitled "Shells," published when she was about twenty, was unsuccessful, and the volume is now out of print. By her own confession any effort to write on historical subjects or "for reform," as her now numerous friends advised, failed. Her muse refused to sing at its best for any object other than the unselfish one of providing comforts for her parents, in beautifying their home and caring for them in sickness. All untaught as she was in the ways of the world, and lacking all knowledge by experience of the sufferings and joys of humanity, her impulse was still to interpret the throbbings of the human heart, and though often branded as "sentimental trash," her poems found always a ready market. Her income, her social advantages, and the popularity May, 1892.]. BOOK NEWS. 393 she so ardently craved increased, and in the midst of these realizations her decidedly successful "Poems of Passions" appeared. This work brought warm words and high praise from the most celebrated people in the land; it also brought letters containing the reverse of praise. However, with the proceeds she was enabled to surround her parents with substantial and enduring comfort. Ella Wheeler was married in May, 1884, to Mr. Robert L. Wilcox. Her only child, a boy, died while yet a baby. In her home she is surrounded by comfort and elegance, and she receives and dispenses warm hospitality among a host of friends. In manner she is animated and charming; in looks she is girlish, and when her youthful appearance is remarked she confesses that she has a deceptive face, and that she can claim thirty summers. She is of medium height, has brown hair tinted with red, and her eyes are blue. In dress she has exquisite taste. In her relations with those with whom she comes in contact, whether of high station in life or humble, her attitude is that of sympathetic listener, friend and, if need be, reformer. Her interest in each one's personality is intense, and things will be impatiently dismissed from her mind to make room and time for people. She scatters sunshine, and inspires force and energy in others from her mere presence. And she is a firm believer in the power of good over evil—of light over darkness. WHAT PEASANTS READ. Mdlle. Anne de Bovet, of Paris, has been trying to find out what the average French peasant reads. The result of her investigations is curious, and yet typical of what is best and worst in rural France. Works dealing with agriculture, even when couched in the driest and most scientific terms, are eagerly bought and learnt by heart. Perroult and Madame d'Aulnoy's Fairy Tales are very popular. Certain sentences and stories in Rabelais have apparently gone down from generation to generation, for his works are not often found on provincial bookshelves. All the great classics have a place in the municipal library existing in every village in France, but only the young people ever read them. The Petit Journal, with its detailed accounts of what she should here term police-court cases, and daily instalment of mild sensational story, is widely popular, and really forms a library in itself; for the French peasant's horror of waste caused him to keep a file of even his daily half-penny paper. But what do English peasants read? A careful investigator tells us that "The Pilgrim's Progress," "Fox's Book of Martyrs," and two American works of fiction—"Uncle Tom's Cabin" and "The Wide, Wide World"—are to be found in most English well-to-do laborers' cottages, and sometimes also an old edition of Richardson's "Pamela" or "Clarissa Harlowe." Scott and Dickens are almost unknown; none of the modern men have penetrated below a certain genteel stratum, if we except religious writers and preachers, whose written sermons command a certain sale in country districts. Shakespeare is read in Warwickshire, but nowhere else, "Robinson Crusoe" in all the seacoast villages, and Burns in Scotland. Canadian Bookseller. DANIEL L. DAWSON "Dan" Dawson is an iron merchant of Philadephia, a bachelor, and a man well-known in the clubs of the city. He was born in Lewistown, Pennsylvania, December 17, 1856. His father was also in the iron business, and Mr. Dawson is at present chairman of the Gray's Ferry Foundry and Boiler Company. He has long been actively interested in athletic sports, having taken up boxing in his youth as a means of fostering and maintaining his health. He is tall and well-built, and little looks the poet he is. An article, "With the Gloves—Boxing," together with a poem, "A Fragment," both from his pen, appeared in Lippincott's Magazine for last January. All his published poetry has appeared in Lippincott's since September, 1887. It is ow proposed to issue in the course of the summer or fall a volume of his collected poems to be entitled "The Seeker in the Marshes and Other Poems." This will contain about forty selections, 394 BOOK NEWS. [Number 117 among them a fragment of a Norse epic. Mr. Dawson has made extensive study of Norse mythology, and has lectured on the subject in Philadelphia. Mr. William S. Walsh, wrote of him as follows in the Philadelphia Times: His early days were passed on a farm. When a boy his father came to Philadelphia and founded an iron business which the young man now owns. He attended La Salle College and the University of Pennsylvania. He is a hard student in his favorite lines of intellectual work, and an authority on Norse mythological literature. His poetry is full of the old Norse vigor, full, too, of its melancholy, its unsated heart-hunger. There is sweetness as well as strength in his lines, felicity in the use of words and epithets, an archaic simplicity of diction. His "Pierian Spring" is evidently fed from the well of English undefiled. His chief regret at present is that his business does not leave him sufficient leisure to cultivate what he modestly calls "the gift of rhyme." REVIEWS. FAMILY DEGENERATIONS. MARRIAGE AND DISEASE. A Study of Heredity and the more important Family Degenerations. By S. A. K. Strahan, M. D., Barrister-at-Law. 326 pp. Indexed. 12mo, 90 cents; by mail, $1.02. It requires but slight acquaintance with the subject to perceive that the study of heredity is very baffling, but the inquirers in this field have not permitted themselves to be discouraged, and the observation of its phenomena has never been more general or more persistent than it is to-day. A book from which any reader may obtain a comprehensive and very clear idea of the lines in which this branch of scientific inquiry is now extending, and of the results which have so far been obtained from it is afforded in Strahan's work. The title suggests a point for which the author especially contends, the point, namely, that it is desirable to regulate marriage in order that a number of the more terrible diseases which are known or believed to be hereditary may be done away with. The diseases especially considered here are insanity, drunkenness, epilepsy, syphilis, deaf- mutism, cancer, consumption--including all tubercular disease--gout, rheumatism, and instinctive criminality. Many curious suggestions arise in the course of this inquiry--a number of them more curious than profitable, apparently. The consideration of what is called "initial heredity," for instance, seems rather hopeless, if not as regards reasonable conclusions, still certainly as regards control; and it is at least surprising to find remarks from the opening chapter of "Tristram Shandy" here quoted as an instance of scientific insight. The proposition, recently elaborated in such interesting fashion by Prof. Cesare Lombroso, that the condition of insanity is valuable for its tendency to the production of genius, though maintained also by such an authority as Dr. Maudsley, is opposed by Dr. Strahan, who believes that the chances of the insane parent enriching the world by begetting the genius are not sufficiently good to justify the insane in hazarding the experiment. The chapter on late marriages in Dr. Strahan's book is full of interest, and will be surprising to many. It is here set down that the period of age during which children should be begotten is in the woman from twenty to thirty, and in the man from twenty-five to forty. The children of the immature are without courage and virility, and of the children of senile parentage Dr. Strahan declares that they are characterized by low cunning, moral perversion, and heartless cruelty, and recruit in startling measure the ranks of the world's murderers. Few books of scientific inquiry suggest more interesting questions or treat questions more interestingly than this. N. Y. Sun. TENNYSON'S NEW DRAMA. THE FORESTERS: ROBIN HOOD AND MAID MARIAN. By Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Poet Laureate. 155 pp. 12mo, 90 cents; by mail, 99 cents. No man ever produced a great work of art when past four score years. "The Foresters" furnishes no exception to this rule. Yet it is such a work as only a great artist could have produced. It cannot be considered a good play. It tells the familiar story of Robin Hood and Maid Marian in the simplest manner possible, but whatever effect it has upon the stage must be owing more to accessories--to music and pictures and the stage atmosphere--than to the essentials of character or action. The characters are but slightly drawn, the situations are imperfectly developed and the action is of an elementary sort that is scarcely more than sufficient for a comic opera. And yet it is a manly English poem, finely picturesque and full of the feeling and freedom of the woods as of the conventional romanticism that supplies the motive. It is the work of an old man who has lost his freshness of invention as well as his force and fervor of expression, but who has not lost his English sentiment, his courageous sympathy or his sense of beauty and of musical form. His verse is naturally less fluent than of old, and it halts at times in a way that would have been impossible to him a few years earlier. Even where it has the old cadence its beauties are recognized as repetitions of an earlier note, as mannerisms rather than examples of a natural manner. Yet with all this there is a certain artistic authority and poetic charm that compel a recognition not merely respectful but interested. It can add nothing to Lord Tennyson's fame, but we feel that no one but Tennyson, or one completely imbued with Tennyson's thought, could have written it. The numerous songs with which the play is interspersed are especially characteristic in their employment of musical repetitions. Here is one sung by Little John: May, 1892.] BOOK NEWS. 395 To sleep! to sleep! The long bright day is done, And darkness rises from the fallen sun. To sleep! to sleep! Whate'er thy griefs, in sleep they fade away. To sleep! to sleep! Sleep, mournful heart, and let the past be past! Sleep, happy soul! all life will sleep at last. To sleep! to sleep! One of Marian's songs is worth singing: Love flew in at the window, As Wealth walk'd in at the door. "You have come for you saw Wealth coming," said I. But he flutter'd his wings with a sweet little cry, I'll cleave to you rich or poor. Wealth dropt out of the window, Poverty crept thro' the door, "Well, now, you would fain follow Wealth," said I. But he fluttered his wings as he gave me the lie, I cling to you all the more. The last is a round or glee, for Sir Arthur Sullivan's music, on which the curtain falls: Now the king is home again, and never more to roam again Now the king is home again, the king will have his own again, Home again, home again, and each will have his own again, All the birds in merry Sherwood sing and sing him home again. Philadelphia Times. POTIPHAR'S WIFE AND OTHER POEMS. By Sir Edward Arnold, author of "Light of Asia," "Light of the World," etc. 128 pp. 12 mo, 90 cents; by mail, 99 cents; white parchment, $1.10; by mail, $1.19. This volume might be called a poetic "souvenir de voyage," for it contains versus suggested to Sir Edwin Arnold, when visiting Japan, Egypt, and America. "Potiphar's Wife" is the more ambitious poem of the twenty-six found in the collection. If there can be a certain reticence in describing the allurements exercised by Asenath, and the temptation of Yusuf, the poet exercises it. Here is the impassioned woman decked as Mme. Bernhardt put on the stage Cleopatra, another frail Egyptian woman. We assist at Asenath's toilet: "Drew the long lashes separate, and gilded Her flesh with palm-flow'r dust, to beautify The ambered satin of her nape and neck, And deftly with red henna did she deck Her slender finger tips, and washed with myrrh Her long black tresses, braiding them in strings; * * * * * * And 'thwart her breasts--like lotus blossoms blown-- A purple, spangled sindon hath she thrown." If it had not been for the cat, Pasht, whose prying eyes Asenath feared, what then? The two following lines have an Alfred de Musset coloring. The tempter has Yusuf at her feet, and then she -- " * * * poured her black imperial hair In waves upon her sandals. * * *" Sir Edwin, in the climax, uses old Elizabethan when he writes of Asenath -- "Turning, she made to clip him, but he broke." * * * * * * You cannot be namby-pamby when the temptations of this Biblical St. Anthony are described. Perhaps, no matter how cleverly it is done, the contrast does not show the moral strength of Joseph. The daintiest of the Japanese verses are those dedicated to the Musmee, and they are as pretty as the girl he describes: "The Musmee has brown velvet eyes, Curtained with satin, sleepily. You wonder if those lids would rise The newest, strangest sight to see; But when she chatters, laughs or plays Koto, biwa, or samisen, No jewel gleams with brighter rays Than flash from those dark lashes then." The verse in "Potiphar's Wife and Other Poems" is pleasant enough and graceful enough, and that is all Sir Edwin, perhaps, intended. N.Y. Times. BALZAC's BIOGRAPHY. A MEMOIR of HONORE DE BALZAC. Compiled and written by Katharine Prescott Wormeley. With portrait and illustration. 370pp. Indexed. 12 mo, $1.10; by mail, $1.23. No one on this side of the water can be more thoroughly en rapport with Balzac than is the author of this memoir, the translator of the great French writer. Miss Wormeley does not call the volume a biography, but simply "a memoir," and she reproduces portions of Balzac's childhood and youth as his sister Laure, Mme. Surville, has written it, with such important notices of the man as have been obtainable from the Vicomte de Spoelberch de Lovenjoul, Theophile Gautier, George Sand, Leon Gozlan, Werdet, Ferry, and more particularly from Champfleury. The author tells us of the difficulty there is in endeavoring to present anything like a continuous life of Balzac. Sometimes there were years, even in his prime, when he was celebrated, when through accident or design, his own self was withdrawn from public view. His method of work was exactly such as would hide him away for months at a time. The most painstaking, the most truthful of all artists, literary or otherwise, he would leave Paris for a month or a year and seek, hundreds of miles away, some view or some of the facts he wanted. Balzac went to school at Vendome, under clerical rule, and there every effort was made to smother his intellect. There he was for seven years, suffering not less in mind than in body. Free at home to range in the fields of his dear Tourraine, at the Vendome school he was caged, badly lodged, and, from scanty clothing, had chilblains. He was deemed by the clerical pedagogues a dull boy, "incapable," and there is no question but that, misled by them, Honore's father and mother accepted their opinions. Somehow, when all the world was reading Balzac, the father396 BOOK NEWS. [Number II7 may have wondered, but the mother never believed that her son was famous. It was, perhaps, the dear old grandfather alone who had faith in the talents of his grandson. Anyhow, the grandfather, seeing how the boy had run down, insisted that he should be taken from school. He was fourteen when he was attacked "with a sort of coma," probably arising from congestion of the brain. The teeming thoughts of a marvelous boy asserted themselves and the effort to cramp them and the punishments he received for thinking came near killing him. His body could have stood it all, but not his head. It was preposterous of him as a lad to have said, "The world will talk of me some day," and that was Mme. Surville says, the cause of innumerable little tortures, "preludes to the greater tortures he was to bear as the cost of his acquired glory." Never was apprenticeship harder. The father wanted Honoré to become a lawyer. There was a position as a notary open to him. The young man was a glutton for work. At twenty-one his legal studies were ended, but Honoré declined becoming a notary. He would be an author. Fancy a prosaic father, a French father at that, having a notary's place to give his son, and the young man throwing away the chance of a fortune. There was dismay. Said one friend who was consulted: "Well, Honoré writes a good hand. If I were in your place I should not hesitate to put Honoré in some Government clerkship where, with your influence he will soon manage to support himself." Fancy Pegasus yoked to a brick cart. It seems as if it were more particularly Mme. de Balzac who thought she could force Honoré to terms. "My mother," writes Mme. Surville, "less confiding than her husband, thought that a little hardship would soon bring Honoré to submission." From a comfortable home Honoré went into a garret in the Rue Lesdiguières, with barely means enough to keep him alive. "There, be an author," the mother may have said; "here is your chance." Honoré did not complain. He was happy. He nursed his ideas. He conceived a tremendous tragedy, and called it "Cromwell," and when it was finished he read it to his family, and the result of his labors was laughed at. No doubt it was very bad. Think, however, of his superb reply at their crushing criticisms. "Tragedies are not in my line, that is all," and then he returned to his garret. So he worked on for fifteen months incessantly. Then his mother became anxious and recalled him. Instead of being daunted with his garret experiences, he rather liked them, and wanted some small sum allowed him so that he might return to his attic and fight it out there. "To be famous, to be loved," was all that he was after. Never once did he doubt his future success. "He rocked himself to sleep in hope," and had many cruel awakenings. "More mind and energy," writes Honoré's sister, "were spent by my brother in struggling against misfortune than in writing the 'Comedie Humaine.' " It was because of the opposition of the family to his becoming an author and living by his pen that he became a publisher and type founder and was ruined, and ever afterward until he married Mme. Hanska he was in debt. His life was one long struggle to pay principal and accumulating interest. We need not give in chronological order Balzac's works. Many volumes were published without his signature. Perhaps had he written Honoré de Balzac on the title page creditors would have pounced on him and the possibility of his writing closed. "Les Chouans" was his first work attracting attention, written in I829, and then "Physiologie du Marriage" made him famous. We think the surest indication of his genius, the first spark of it, flashes in his "L'Usurier," when Gosbec makes an appearance. In I831 came "La Peau de Chagrin"; and in I832, the tragedy of "Colonel Chabert," and the most remarkable psychological work ever created, "Le Père Goriot," and Le Père Goriot, the poor old man who made vermicelli, has the grandeur of a King Lear. Balzac might have been happy, had he lived, after Mme. Hanska became his wife. But overwork and anxiety killed him. If Balzac had been of steel the strain would have shivered him. He died in I850, two years after his marriage. For having made so honest and interesting a memoir as the one under notice American readers should feel grateful to Miss Wormeley. N. Y. Times. RENAN'S "DETACHED LEAVES." RECOLLECTIONS AND LETTERS OF ERNEST RENAN. Translated from the French by Isabel F. Hapgood. 327 pp. I2 mo, $I.I0; by mail, $I.23. The best that any man, be he sage or simpleton, can do in literature is to give to the world his recollections. Ernest Renan wrote a much talked of "Life of Jesus" and an interesting "History of the People of Israel," yet his smallest book just published— "Recollections and Letters"—is more interesting than either of those above named, for with it in hand the reader can study the mentality of the author—a subject which becomes interesting in proportion to the work which the said author has previously attempted. The book contains about thirty papers, widely differing as to subject and line of thought, but between them they leave distinct impression of Renan—of a man who is both thoughtful and gay, reverent and iconoclastic; a man of ideas who, nevertheless, does not allow the past or the future to rob him of anything which the present has to offer. At times he suggests the Hebrew seer, at other times the unfrocked priest who has been schooled in the eternal verities yet has become deeply interested in material actualities. To many readers the preface, which is long, will be the more interesting part of the book, for it is apologetic and defensive. * * * He warns the young May, I892.] BOOK NEWS. 397 to pay attention to the present and not be too curious about a future which must take care of itself and which they cannot influence. "Dear children, it is useless to give yourselves such a headache. Amuse yourselves, since you are only twenty years old; work also." Here is a characteristic combination of materialism and religion: To ell the truth, as I have already allowed i to be understood elsewhere, the fate which would suit me best is purgatory, a charming place, where many charming romances begun on earth must be continued, and which one can be in no haste to leave, especially in view of the few attractions of Paradise. What sometimes renders me not so very anxious to attain that place of delight is its monotony. Can one change one's place there? Heavens! how quickly one will have exhausted one's neighbor! Trips from planet to planet would suit me well enough; but the devout old women, who, they say, will form the majority of the elect, would not suit me at all. May God's will be done! Celestial Father, I thank thee for life! It has been sweet and precious to me, surrounded as I have been by excellent beings who have not allowed me to doubt thy designs. i have not been exempt from sin; I have had the defects of all men; bu I have always pulled the bridle of reason in time. Whatever those who call themselves thy priests may say, I have not committed any very evil actions. I have loved truth and I have made sacrifices for it; I have desired thy day and I still believe in it. For his literary reputation he fears only the results of what liars may say. He says that some future Commission on the Literary History of France "will be obliged to combat documents which will tell it that I received a million from M. de Rothschild for writing the 'Life of Jesus,' nearly as much from the Emperor Napoleon III., who later on, having dismissed me, gave me a rich pension on the Journal des Savants. The commission will unravel all this in accordance with the rules of criticism; I am sure that its verdict will be admitted by sensible people." The book throughout is a revelation of the man— of his greatness as well as his limitations. Both qualities are prominent, and will recall, with reference to the author, the remark of the late lamented philosopher, Josh Billings, regarding Socrates: "He'd hev been a good deal of feller ef he'd been raised in the United States of America." N. Y. Herald. A COLLABORATED NOVEL. A FELLOWE AND HIS WIFE. By Blanche Willis Howard and William Sharp. 225 pp. I2mo, 90 cents; by mail, $I.I0. This strikes the critical reader rather as a tour de force than as a seriously-intended story; rather as if written because the doing of the work amused the clever doers of it than because it was imagined the finished work would please any considerable public. The story is told in the form of letters that pass between a young German nobleman and his wife. hey have been comrades from childhood, but the marriage on her side has been one of respect and friendliness only; her one dream is to realize her ambition as an artist. With her husband's full leave she goes to Rome, to train and test her power. The letters between them tell of the temptations into which she fell, and the outcome of them. A quaint and rococo interest is lent to the book by the fact that the baron's letters are written by the feminine collaborator, and the wife's by the masculine one. The result is rather curious than admirable; though it is to be added that Miss Howard has succeeded in making the baron much more human and probably than Mr. Sharp has done with his wife. The baroness, in fact, is quite unintelligible, not to say impossible; and if anything could be more weirdly unlikely than her answering her husband's warnings of her foreseen danger by rhapsodies over the Roman fountains, it would be he virile and sensible sort of man her husband is pictured as being, leaving to her own perilous folly the woman to whom he has intrusted his name and his honor. If one can good-naturedly throw the probabilities overboard the story has much that is entertaining. The baron's letters have many fine lines; "the solemn insistence of the sea," for instance; the "frosty, dusky mornings" of the wintry North; the nights of —"what shall I call it?—northern delight; the north at its bleakest; the pines heavy with snow, and creaking in the rush of the wind; the boom of the sea, calling, calling through the darkness." There are many of the sensitively pretty phrases, too, which we have learned to associate with Miss Howard's style— "the long, thin lines of chin and throat and limb that are so maidenly and touching; that mingling of boyish contour and feminine softness, dear to the ancients." Both Miss Howard and Mr. Sharp have, in the past given us such notably good work, that it seems as ungracious as truthful to note that collaboration has resulted not in multiplication, but in subtraction of charm. Boston Transcript. INDIKA. INDIKA. The Country and the People of India and Ceylon. By John F. Hurst, D. D., LL. D. With maps and illustrations. 794 pp. Indexed. Crown 8vo, $4.50; by mail, $4.88. Bishop Hurst's aim is to describe these countries "as they are to-day;" but his plan embraces much more than entertaining accounts of what he saw and heard in a visit which took him to "nearly all the large placed and to many of the more obscure." He endeavors to show what India has been in history, what elements compose its vast population, and what its natural climatic and civil divisions are, its industries, religions, etc. In addition to the chapters which are devoted to this purpose there are copious appendices at the end, giving the principal dates in Indian history, a summary of the census of trades and occupations, a list of books and periodicals published in India in 398. BOOK NEWS. [Number 117 1886m and much other information in convenient form for reference. In the descriptive portions, those which are specially characteristic of Bishop Hurst, one of the best is "The Enchanted Road to Kandy," in Ceylon. The rich, tropical scenery, the succession of cultivated fields, wild forests covered with a tangle of luxuriant vines, and ragged mountains hidden by a wealth of soft, green vegetation, are made to pass before one as a wonderful panorama. The Bishop is evidently as fond of architecture as of the wonders of Nature, and tells in an easy, graceful and entertaining style of the cave temples, long since abandoned as places of worship and standing as relics of an India of ages ago, and as proofs "that the gross and the grotesque Hindu paganism of these later days is only a vile lapse from the earlier and better faiths" ; also of the later temples, the tombs and other notable buildings, of which copious illustrations serve, with a clear text, to convey full impressions of the various examples of Indian architecture. There are notable chapters on the Brahmo Somaj, the Opium Question, Christian Missions, and what England has done for India. The native movement toward a purer, theistic faith, as represented in the four Somajes, or divisions, is sympathetically treated. It is not condemned because it is not distinctively Christian, nor is it ridiculed because it has so soon become much divided ; but it is recognizes as significant of the breaking away of the Hindu mind from the bonds of a corrupt and superstitious faith, and of honest endeavor to establish a purer and more ethical religion. The author believes, as we do, that when India shall have become a Christian country it will be seen that the result was hastened, not alone by the labors of the missionaries, but by the weaker efforts of such Hindu reformers as Rammohun Roy and Chunder Sen. Since the chapter on the Opium Question was written Parliament has spoken in condemnation of the traffic. This would have furnished our author with an admirable illustration of the growing conscience of the English nation on the subject. The vote of Parliament, however, was only expressive of the moral view of the matter. It is not action, only expression ; but it is undoubtedly significant of the approach of the day in which the complicity of the Government with this monstrous business will be ended. The history and development of Christian missions are given with sufficient fullness ; but we greatly miss a chapter summing up the results, indicating the lines of influence radiating from them, and suggesting the particulars in which they need strengthening. The chapters on this subject are not given consecutively, but are separated, widely in some cases, and do not therefore have the effect that continuous treatment would give. "What England Has Done for India" is an excellent subject for the last pages, which are strong and impressive. We do not at all disagree with the very hearty encomium which Bishop Hurst bestows upon English rule in India. It has been benign, it has brought peace and unity to a divided country, it has established a reign of law under which Thuggism and peculiar social disorders have almost ceased, it has tended to develop industry and general prosperity. "The real fact," says our author, is not that the Englishman "has conquered the country, but that he has discovered it, and now governs it by as generous laws and as even justice, as he rules over the millions within sight of his Parliament at Westminster." If the reader will bear in mind, while reading the last chapter, how severe are the criticisms which some of the missionaries, particularly English missionaries, have written of England's policy in India concerning matters of religion, he will be able to appreciate more fully Bishop Hurst's enthusiastic, and, we think, just tribute to England. May, 1892.]. BOOK NEWS. 399 The publisher have made a very beautiful volume of "Indika," and we are sure that those who venture to buy it, on what we have said about it, will find that it will answer admirably a useful purpose if placed among books of reference on India, and will furnish many an hour's entertainment, if pleasant reading and beautiful illustrations are desired. N.Y. Independent. MR. WHYMPER'S ANDES. Travels Amongst the Great Andes of the Equator. By Edward Whymper. With maps and illustrations. 456 pp. Indexed. 8vo, $4.50; by mail, $4.83. There are but few men in the world who combine complementary qualities in generous proportions, so when one of them offers the results of his thought and labor the occasion should be regarded as notable. Such a man is Edward Whymper, traveler, naturalist, artist and author. His new book is one of the handsomest and most interesting of the year. Many years ago the author, who to his other special qualifications adds that of mountain climbing, planned a visit to the Andes and twelve years ago put his purpose into execution. That the printed results are so late in appearing may be explained by the fact that Mr. Whymper is his own engraver, and has made a superb picture book as well as a good story. There are more than a hundred illustrations, many of them of full page size and all after the author's own photographs and drawings as well as his graver. He climbed Chimborazo and Cotopaxi, looking down into their fiery craters, took pot luck with the natives, noted the fauna and the flora of the regions traversed, and was even so studious as to investigate the vermin, which are the principal inhabitants of Spanish-American countries. His narrative is as full of diversity and the unexpected as his pictures, and the result of the whole is a book which any one would be glad to own, whether he be scientist or casual reader. Like any cultivated Englishman Mr. Whymper seems to have a taste for bric-a-brac. He says: I went to that country possessed with the notion that there must have been an equatorial "stone age," though without positive information that stone implements could be found, or knowing whether, during Incarial times, weapons and implements of stone were in use. Having nothing to show for a long time there were no results. If one talked to the Incas, the natives inquired, with surprise, "Who were they ?" and they seemed equally unacquainted with their (probably) much more remote ancestors. So we fell back upon asking for "old things," and the came shabby umbrella tops, battered scissors and broken pottery—objects which were rejected because they were not nearly old enough. At length we seemed to have struck oil. One night, when at supper, the door was stealthily opened and a rough head peeped around, peering out of a dilapidated poncho that concealed a bulky object. "You have something to show ?" "Yes, Señor." "Is it old ?" "That it is ;" and tossing aside his ragged garment, he displayed his treasure, saying, triumphantly, "This is very old, Señor !" It was a battered tin teakettle ! The author's descriptions of the people are pleasingly devoid of that contemptuous tone which most British travelers assume when writing of people who cannot trace their lineage to English stock. He describes, but seldoms criticises, and he conveys a world of suggestions in some simply written paragraphs. N.Y. Herald. THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA. With some account of Ancient America and the Spanish Conquest. By John Fiske. In two volumes. With frontispiece portrait, maps and illustrations. 516-631 pp. Indexed. 12mo, $3.00; by mail, $3.35. In no other way could the four hundredth anniversary of the landing of Columbus be more appropriately commemorated than by the production of a history worth of the event. Hitherto there has existed in no language an account of the finding of the New World and of its consequences which could be deemed entirely adequate on the score at once of trustworthiness, breadth of view, depth of insight, and effective exposition. We have at last such a work in John Fiske's "Discovery of America." We do not hesitate to pronounce this book—and we speak with a distinct recognition of our indebtedness to Bancroft and Prescott—the most valuable contribution to history that has been made by an America. It is a book of which the author's countrymen may well be proud, whether they consider the range and variety of the topics discussed, or the patience, sagacity, and thoroughness with which each branch of inquiry is400 BOOK NEWS. [Number II7 pursued, or the clearness and soundness of the judgments ultimately reached. Viewed as it should be, with due heed to all that went before and after, the discovery of America is a theme which might well tax the attainments and the energies of a score of collaborators, each working in his special province. That the whole of its vast significance should have been brought out by one man with scientific accuracy J NASH. From "Indika." Copyright, 1891, by Harper & Brothers. A Catamaran. and with artistic vividness seems to us a very great achievement. This book, which might be called the history not only of the discovery, but of the conquest of America, is presented in two octavo volumes comprising 1,100 pages and divided into twelve chapters. We must enumerate the suggestive titles of these chapters in order to give the reader from the outset an idea of the scope of the author's researches, which cover not only the ground traversed by Robertson, Prescott, Bancroft, Irving, and Helps, but also that explored by hundreds of later investigators. The six chapters which make up the first volume are respectively entitled, "Ancient America;" "Pre-Columbian Voyages;" "Europe and Cathay;" "The Search for the Indies" comprehending (I) the Eastward or Portuguese, and (2) Westward or Spanish route. The volume ends with "The Finding of Strange Coasts" and "The Death of Columbus." Under the caption of Mundus Novus the first chapter of the second volume recounts the achievements of those navigators, who in the wake of Columbus followed the western route to the Indies, and explains how it happened that the name of America rather than that of Columbia was bestowed on the new World. The remaining five chapters deal with the conquest of Mexico, with ancient Peru and the overthrow of the Incas, with Las Casas and his relation to Indian and negro slavery, and finally with the work of two centuries needed to complete the revealing of the New World to the Old. What will invest this book with a strange charm for the general reader is the fact there is not one of its twelve chapters in which the author, though he evinces no proclivity to paradox, does not arrive at conclusions more or less divergent from the commonly received opinions, so that the work gains from its treatment something of the same fascination of novelty which the subject had for the contemporaries of Columbus. Where, on the other hand, the statements and deductions made by preceding historians are reaffirmed, as they naturally are in a majority of instances, it is always plain that the evidence has been subjected to independent scrutiny, and often confirmatory testimony is added. More than two hundred pages of Mr. Fiske's second volume are allotted to the chapter entitled "Mundus Novus." No careful reader of the history will deny that the space was well bestowed, for it is the capital merit of this work that it demonstrates once for all what it seems hard to impress on the mind of the present generation, how gradually and tardily the fact that a new world had been discovered was grasped by the contemporaries and immediate successors May, I892.] BOOK NEWS. 40I of Columbus. Incidentally the author is led to vindicate Americus Vespucius from the charge of false pretensions; to show that he made o claims which were not well founded; and to prove that the name of Novus Mundus and America, first applied to Brazil and subsequently extended to the whole continent, was rightly bestowed, because the tract of Brazilian seacoast south of the equator, discovered by Americus Vespucius, was the first land found which in the eyes of contemporaries deserved the title of New World. The successive steps in the naming of America are traced up to the publication in I507 of Waldseemüller's little treatise, in which the suggestion was From "Indika." Copyright, 1891, by Harper & Brothers. A Native Princess and her Suite. Nepal. made that the Quarta Pars, or new and Fourth part of the earth's surface, discovered by Americus Vespucius, should be called America. The suggestion was accepted without a word of protest, not even from Ferdinand Columbus, the devoted son of the great navigator, and himself an accomplished geographer. Mr. Fiske shows that he owned a copy of the book of Waldseemüller, that he had it for eighteen years in his possession, and that he annotated it with fulness and care. Nevertheless, Ferdinand Columbus made no comment upon the passage in which the discovery of a new world is attributed to Vespucius. The author of this history considers his silence absolutely decisive. It proves that Ferdinand Columbus shared Waldseemüller's opinion that the Fourth Par meant something very different from what we mean when we speak of America, and that whereas Christopher Columbus had discovered the eastern coast of Asia, or, in other words, a section of the Old World, it was to Vespucius that the discovery of a New World south of the equator belonged. By the time geographers had comprehended that Brazil pertained to the same continent revealed by Columbus and Cabot, the terms Quarta Pars, New World and America, had become interchangeable and synonymous; and thus, not for the first time in history—the extension of the term Africa is another example—the part gave a name to the whole. It is in the closing pages of the long chapter headed Mundus Novus that Mr. Fiske gives to the exploit of Ferdinand Magellan the unstinted admiration which it undoubtedly deserves, but which it has by no means invariably received. In this book the voyage whose outcome was the discovery of the Straits of Magellan and the revelation of a westward sea route to the Indies, is exalted to its rightful place as the greatest feat of navigation that has ever been performed. In the author's opinion nothing can be imagined that would surpass it, except a journey to some other planet. it has not indeed the unique historic position of the firs voyage of Columbus, which brought together two streams of human life that had been disjoined since the glacial period, but as an achievement402 BOOK NEWS. [Number II7 in ocean navigation the voyage of Columbus sinks into insignificance by the side of Magellan's; and when the earth was a second time encompassed by the greatest English sailor of his age the advance in knowledge, as well as the different route chosen, had much reduced the difficulty of the performance. When he considers the frailness of the ships, the immeasurable extent of the unknown, the mutinies that were prevented or quelled, and the hardships that were endured, Mr. Fiske has no hesitation in speaking of Magellan as the prince of Navigators. it would, he thinks, have been fitting that the proudest crest ever granted by a sovereign—a terrestial globe belted with the legend, Primus circumdedisti me (Thou first encompassed me)—should have been bestowed upon the hero's son and representative. But when a Spanish haven witnessed the home-coming of the last surviving vessel of the little squadron that had spanned the earth, Magellan's widow and son were dead. From "American Architecture." Copyright, 1892, by Harper & Brothers. Dwelling in Prairie Avenue, Chicago. When we bear in mind the scope of this narrative and the multitude of details which the author is led to touch, the accuracy exhibited is surprising, not to say amazing. We have scrutinized the book from the first page to the last, and with the deliberate purpose of detecting mistakes if we could. Especially in the references to the history of Spain, with which we happen to be somewhat conversant, we suppose that a slip might be discernible. We have been unable to discover a single inadvertence, much less a distinct misstatement of facts. A dozen minor errors, had they been disclosed, would not have availed to efface or even cloud the general impression of exactitude. Homer sometimes nods, but in this instance, so far as we can see, there is no deduction to be made on the score of momentary negligence. This history is not intended solely for the satisfaction of scholars, who have long regretted the lack of a book discussing exhaustively and decisively the many interesting topics connected with the discovery of America. The author has shown it to be possible for a man first to follow the exact methods of scientific inquiry, and then to set forth the fruit of his researches with such literary skill as to attract and delight an ever-widening circle of readers. M. W. H. in N. Y. Sun. AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE. studies by Montgomery Schuyler. With illustrations. 2II pp. Crown 8vo, stamped leather, $I.90; by mail, $2.09. Mr. Montgomery Schuyler's "Studies in American Architecture" make a volume as handsome to look at a it is edifying and delightful to read. The subjects considered in these essays are the so-called Queen Anne style in architecture and decoration, the Vanderbilt houses, the Brooklyn Bridge as a monument, our American cathedral, and the architecture of Chicago, St. Paul and Minneapolis. The fundamental idea of Mr. Schuyler as a critic and teacher is that architecture is a development of the construction and material of a building, and not, as has been said of the veneer process, "the art of covering one thing with another thing to imitate a third thing, which, if genuine, would not be desirable." He insists upon this idea with earnestness, but never with solemnity. One thing that may well tend to reconcile the reader to the abundant bad architecture which exists in America is the opportunity which it affords to Mr. Schuyler for pungently playful observation. The melancholy of the fact is mitigated by the cheerful style of this biting and thorough analysis. Mr. Schuyler is very able at expression. We should not like to be the architect to call forth some of the remarks here made. But what is pain for the architect is fun for the reader, and both pain and fun are in this instance legitimate and desirable. Any reader may find profit and enjoyment in these essays. They contain plenty of the subtleties and technicalities of the overflowing critical intelligence, but no special training is required to get at Mr. Schuyler's meaning when he is discussing the Vanderbilt houses, the bridge towers, the respectability of North Washington square, the brown-stone areas, Mr. Robertson's Queen Anne church, "elevator architecture," and all that. Numerous illustrations assist the text, and the binding of undressed leather is a remarkably handome and delicate piece of work. N. Y. Sun. May, I892.] BOOK NEWS. 403 THE QUALITY OF MERCY. A Novel. By W. D. Howells, author of "An Imperative Duty," "Annie Kilburn," "A Hazard of New Fortunes," etc. 474 pp. I2mo, $I.I0; by mail, $I.23. No keener, sharper, ore vivid impression can be received than the one the author gives of John Milton Northwick. He was a trusted officer of the Ponkwasset Mills, and he was a defaulter. Suddenly, in the full Board of Directors, the president, Eben Hillary, had called him a thief, and had given him three days, so that in that time he might return his plunder; and Hillary had said, too, that the best thing that could happen to the thief was that there might be a special railroad accident for him. Then Northwick took Hillary's advice and levanted, and was not killed in a collision, but went and buried himself in the Canadian wilds with his boodle ($42,000 in bills) secured about his person. It is mainly with Northwick and his daughters, Adeline the angular and Suzette the beauty, that Mr. Howells has to do. As it is Mr. Howells had seized upon one of the most common events of to-day, the betrayal of trust, and he treats it in a peculiar manner. He gives you the agony of the man who leaves what he cares for most. But is it his daughters or his thoroughbred horses? You are not to know which. The art of the book is immense; there is the true dramatic climax in it. Who but the author could have made the two returns of the defaulter possible! The pathos is supreme when the poor wretch offers his wrists voluntarily to the clasp of the handcuffs and then dies. Mr. Howells, like many novelists of late, has a penchant for introducing newspaper-makers en scène. He is of the few strong enough, as in his portrayal of Bartley Hubbard, to reintroduce his characters, and there is a reference to Hubbard in the book under notice. There are two journalistic types in "The quality of Mercy"—one is Pinney, the other Maxwell. The first may be described as a young and enterprising man who might be willing to besmirch his own mother's reputation, provided the news was exclusive and he was paid on space to describe the circumstances. He lives but for the "scoop." He is enterprising, as is a detective, and an interviewing nuisance. Maxwell is a disgruntled personage, with a bad digestion and literary aspirations. He has no manners and seems to be glad because he is brutal. Both these men, on different Boston papers, are sent to track Northwick, and they treat the business in their various manners. Maxwell sees only the literary point of view, a boodler in the abstract. Pinney thinks only of his many columns of copy, as giving opportunity for "scare heads," and probably what he might write would be the more satisfactory to the general public. What Mr. Howells does is to make us ponder over what may be that curious production of I892, which he designates as "commercial civilization." "The Quality of Mercy" is not a book easily read, nor is the drift of it at once apparent. it is not to be classed as fiction made to be amusing, for it is a study by itself, and the light at times flickers as it were, behind a screen, or it shines fitfully, but the lamp burns all the same. N. Y. Times. From "American Architecture."—Copyright, I892, by Harper & Brothers. Bridge at Minneapolis. TWO STUDIES IN DEMOGRAPHY. ILLEGITIMACY AND THE INFLUENCE OF SEASON UPON CONDUCT. By Albert Leffingwell, M. D., Member of the International Congress of Hygiene and Demography. With maps and diagrams. I60 pp. Social Science series. I2mo, 75 cents; by mail, 85 cents. The author deals with separate subjects, between which it is not easy to find much connection. First, he presents, under a variety of forms, the statistics of illegitimate births in the several parts of the United Kingdom, together with some general figures for the 404 BOOK NEWS. [Number II7 rest of Europe. The broad facts admit of no doubt, though we are told nothing about the different modes of registration. The proportion of illegitimate births i Scotland is nearly double that in England, and more than treble that in Ireland; while in parts of each kingdom equally strong differences are revealed. In England, Shropshire, Cumberland and Hereford show an evil pre-eminence; in Scotland, the north-eastern and the south-western counties; in Ireland, Ulster. it is perhaps worth recording that, on an average of ten years, illegitimacy in County Down is nearly tenfold that in County Mayo. The author has Marie Theresa Charlotte Charles Scribner's Sons. From "The Duchess of Angouleme." been at pains to prove that these proportions have remained pretty much the same over a long series of years, and therefore imply a permanent trait in the character of the population. But when he leaves statistics, and attempts to search for a reason, we are unable to follow him. After considering the effects of poverty, rural life, education, religion, and legislative restraints on marriage, he inclines to think that the most important cause is to be found n race. The second subject discussed in the book is the influence of seasons upon the occurrence of certain human actions, such as suicide, crimes against chastity, etc. The author succeeds, we think, in showing, by a wide induction, that the actions mentioned (and others associated with them) have a marked tendency to occur during the spring and summer in greater number than during the autumn and winter. here again we feel that the statement of the actual numerical facts is more effective than the suggested explanation. We thank Dr. Leffingwell for a valuable contribution to demography, and we shall look forward to a larger work which he promises upon the influence of religion upon conduct generally. Academy. THE ORPHAN OF THE TEMPLE. THE DUCHESS OF ANGOULEME AND TH TWO RESTORATIONS. By Imbert de Saint-Amand. Translated by James Davis. With portrait. 403 pp. Indexed. I2mo, 90 cents; by mail, $I.03. In a former volume the writer has dealt with the youth of Marie Therese Charlotte, the daughter of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, who was confined with Mme. Elizabeth, her father's sister, in the Temple Tower, from which she escaped after three years' captivity, on the very day on which she became seventeen years old. The present history begins when as Duchess of Angouleme she landed at Calais on the 24th of August, I8I4, with Louis XVIII, the Prince of Conde and the Duke of Bourbon. From that time until the arrival of the Duchess of Berry she was the only woman who can be described as a woman of the Tuileries. It is she who attracts all eyes; she who represents the legend of the Temple; she who may be called the living poetry of the Restoration. It is, therefore, from i8I4 to I8I6 that Saint-Amand shows her to us, and not only her, but the people among whom she moves and the principal events in which she took a part. Philadelphia Record. NOTES. ="I saw Three Ships, and Other Winter Tales," by "Q," is published by Cassell. =In the Adventure Series, "The Escape of Latude and Casandra from prison" is announced. =The new volume in the Unknown Library is a collection of Russian Stories under the title "Makar's Dream." ="A Fellowe and His Wife" is to be translated into German and Italian. A French translation is also in contemplation. From the London Academy three notes: +The next volume of the "Dilettante Series" will be devoted to Walt Whitman. A new portrait of "the good grey poet" will accompany the volume. +Te series of "Great Writers" is to be issued in an altered and improved binding, and at an increased price. The first volume of the new issue will be a life of Voltaire by Mr. F. Espinasse. May, I892.] BOOK NEWS. 405 =After the Ist of July the "Camelot Series" will be withdrawn from publication, but the volumes which have composed it will be incorporated in the "Scott Library" and issued uniform with that library. In addition to this, new volumes will be added monthly to the "Scott Library." =The American Sunday-School Union announces "The Doctor's Dozen," by Evelyn Everett Green, to be issued in the same style as "Barbara's Brothers." =Mr. Edward Whymper and Mr. Alfred Russel Wallace are to receive the Royal Medals of the Royal Geographical Society at its annual meeting, May 23d, in London. =Professor Freeman had, just before his death, completed the proof-reading of the last pages of "The Story of Sicily," to appear in Story of the Nations Series. ="Witchcraft in Salem Village in I692," by Mrs. Winfield S. Nevins, will be published in book form by Lee & Shepard. The papers first appeared in the New England magazine. =The real name of "E. Werner," the German novelist, translations of whose stories are so popular in this country, is Elizabeth Burstenbinder; she is a spinster and lives in Berlin. Critic. =Tennyson's "Princess," dramatized by Grace C. Bell, a teacher of the Delsarte system of elocution, will be published in a cheap edition in the autumn. The book is intended for use in classes. =In the Giunta Series, Dodd Mead & Company publish Hazlitt's Essays on the Elizabethan Poets, and i the Portia Series a book by Mrs. M. E. W. Sherwood upon the Art of Entertaining. =Dr. Charles A. Briggs' new book, "The Bible, the Church and the Reason," aims principally to define his position with regard to the validity of the Church and the Reason as sources of divine authority. =A London publisher has in the press a volume of short stories by the late Wolcott Baletier to be entitled "The Average Woman." it will have a portrait of the author, and an introduction by Mr. Henry James. =The Rev. Charles F. Dole, author of "The American Citizen," will sail for Genoa on the 28th of May, with the intention of spending three months in Europe. Mrs. Louise Chandler Moulton ails for Europe early in June. =A new story by "Julien Gordon," entitled "Marionettes," will be brought out by the Cassell Publishing Company. The scene of the tale is laid mainly on the Long Island coast. It deals with life among fashionable and well-to-do folk. =Tennyson's dramatic poem, "The Foresters," is the seventh play written by the Poet Laureate; "Queen Mary," "The Cup'" "The Flacon," and "The Promise of May," have been acted, while "Harold," and "Becket," his two latest tragedies, have been neglected by theatre managers. Current Literature. ="The Doom of the Holy City, Christ and Cæsar," is the title of an historical novel,by Lydia Hoyt Farmer, of Cleveland, Ohio, to be published shortly. The story is founded upon the Destruction of Jerusalem, and the scenes are laid in Rome and Jerusalem, as they appeared in the first century. =Macmillan & Company will publish "Shadows of the Stage," by William Winter. The book will deal chiefly with matters connected with the American stage during the past twenty years. Mr. Winter's well-known "Shakespeare's England" appears in a new edition, revised throughout and in part rewritten. =P. Blakiston, Son & Company announce that they will publish from the advance sheets of "A Treatise of Hygiene" a paper of "Physical Education," by Frederick Treves, F. R. C. P., that it might be within the reach of those who would not perhaps care to purchase the larger work in which it will be included. =Fleming H. Revell Co., announce an authorized American reprint of "Living Papers on present Day Themes," in ten volumes, covering sixty topics on Christian Evidences, Doctrines and Morals. The publishers imported and introduced the English edition only a few months since under the title of "Present Day Tracts." ="A Voyage of Discovery," by Hamilton Aide, is published here and in England. it is a novel presenting an Englishman's impressions of American life and society in New York, Boston and Newport. It is said to be partly the result of the author's observations during his recent American tour in company with Mr. and Mrs. Henry M. Stanley. =Mary R. Folwell has published a translation of "A Vendetta," by Guy de Maupassant. it is a short realistic tale of a Corsican mother's revenge of her only son's death, and the author's presentment of the tragedy is well reflected in Mrs. Folwell's translation. In the gradual development of the old and lonely other's vendetta the author's style is skillfully followed, and a good judgment in the use of words warrant praise and encouragement to further effort. =As every author in the land who copyrights a book in the United states is obliged to send two copies o the same to the Congressional library, it has a most valuable collection, the largest in the United States, and the fifth in the world. The last official report estimates the number of volumes contained in these most inadequate quarters to e 648,928, and of pamphlets 200,000. The number of additional volumes acquired during the year by copyright, purchase, exchange, or from donations is I5,2II, and the aggregate number of copyright entered for the twelve months was 42,794 of all classes of publications. The Chautauquan.406 BOOK NEWS. [Number II7 =Among the group of Australian novelists who are writing to-day, Mrs. Cross, better known as "Ada Cambridge," author of "My Guardian," "The THree Miss Kings," "Not All in Vain," has already gained for herself a conspicuous place as a writer of fiction and an honorable rank as a poet. Mrs. Cross was born in England, in the fen country, which she describes in the latter book. She was married in Ely Cathedral to the Rev. G. F. Cross, and in the same year, I870, she sailed for Victoria, Australia, which since that time has been her home. Her first Australian novel, "Up the Murray," was published in I875. It was followed by several other works of fiction and by a volume of poetry entitled "Unspoken Thoughts," which drew from Mr. Frederic Harrison the comment that "this little volume seems to me in the front rank." =The Spectator announces Mr. J. A. Froude's appointment to succeed the late Mr. Freeman as Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford, and adds comment: "Certainly Mr. Freeman himself would never have sanctioned the nomination of the brilliant writer with whose historical inaccuracies and misconceptions he had so largely concerned himself. If the French maxim were quite true, that Le style c'est l'homme, Mr. Froude would be the most perfect of historians, for a more fascinating and lucid style has never been devoted to the exposition of history. Unfortunately, Mr. Froude's historical methods have not always been as trustworthy as his historical dissertations have been graceful and attractive; but Oxford will not regret a little experience of one of the most exquisite literary workmen of the day, especially as Mr. Froude must by this time know pretty well his own historical shortcomings, and can devote his lectures to subjects on which his predecessor and his predecessor's school of historians have warned him of his dangers." ASKED AND ANSWERED. IMPERSIONAL.— The nature of the article translated would decide the magazine to which to offer it, and its acceptance would then depend on the editor. Information could be better obtained by directly communicating with the magazine or periodical settled upon. Address the editor, and enclose stamp for reply. FRANK M. MILLER.— The address is not given. MISS M. A. SWIFT.— George Ebers, Leipsic, Germany. Mrs. A. K. Green Rohlfs, I20 Broadway, New York City. F. M. Crawford, Sant' Agnello di Sorrento, Italy. Mrs. Thomas Hughes, care Macmillan & Company, Covent Garden, London, England. R. Louis Stevenson, Island of Samoa. Prof. Henry Drummond, 3 Park Circus, Glasgow, Scotland. Henryk Sienkiewicz, care "Echo," Warsaw, Poland (Russia). Blanche Willis Howard (Frau Teufel), Stuttgart, Germany. G. E. G.— English and Scottish magazines and reviews will be supplied by any large subscription or news company. The Review of Reviews for March, '92, contained a portrait and a comprehensive sketch of Cardinal manning. None appeared in BOOK NEWS. A. C. KILM.— BOOK NEWS for April, '9I, published portrait and biographical sketch of Sir Edwin Arnold. He is not related to the Arnolds of Rugby. C. G. H.— Several answers locating "They do neither plight nor wed," etc., are received. The verse is from Richard Burton's "City of the Dead," and the complete poem is as follows: THE CITY OF THE DEAD. They do neither plight nor wed In the city of the dead, In the city where they sleep away the hours; But they lie, while o'er them range Winter blight and summer change, And a hundred happy whisperings of the flowers. No, they neither wed nor plight, And the day is like the night, For their vision is of other kind than ours. They do neither sing nor sigh In the burg of by and by, Where the streets have grasses growing, cool and long; But they rest within their bed, Leaving all their thoughts unsaid, Deeming silence better far than sob or song. No, they neither sigh nor sing, Thought the robin be a-wing, Though the leaves of autumn march a million strong. There is only rest and peace In the city of surcease From the failings and the wailings 'neath the sun; And the wings of the swift years Beat but gently o'er the biers, Making music to the sleepers, every one. There is only peace and rest; But to them it seemeth best, For they lie at ease, and know that life is done. M. I. W.— John Byers writes in response to last month's query: "Pouring oil on the troubled waters" occurs originally in "Bede's Ecclesiastical History," written in Latin I500 years ago. Stapleton translated the work in I565. A Bishop of Saxon times in England gives his blessing to a young man who is "to set out by land but return by water" to convoy a young maiden destined to be the wife of King Oswin. At the same time he hands him a pot of oil to be used on the return journey, a storm being predicted, to still the tempest of water. It was used and had the promised effect. Bede declares that he had the story from "a very credible man, a priest of our church." May, I892] BOOK NEWS. 407 E. B. C. contributes a paragraph from the N. Y. Tribune, setting forth the same facts with more fulness and with this addition:— "The expression has been frequently and persistently attributed to Scripture, but there is no equivalent expression therein." The metaphor is also used by Erasmus. ELIZABETH JOHNSON.— "E. Marlitt" is the pseudonym of Eugenia John, a German novelist, born at Arnstadt, December 5, I825. She was adopted by the Princess of Schwartzburg-Sondershausen, and was trained as a singer. Having lost the sense of hearing she became a successful writer of romances. "Gold Elsie," and "The Second Wife" are perhaps best known. Baronin (Jeminma Montgomery) Tautphœus is a Welsh lady, married to the Chamberlain to the King of Bavaria, and resides in Munich. J. A. C.— We find on Harpers' list, "The Trees of America," by D. J. Browne; "Trees, Fruits and Flowers of the Bible," by Mrs. H. N. Cook, published by American Tract Society. "Among The Trees," by Hamilton Wright Mabie, is recently published by Dodd Mead & Company. D. asks where the following lines are to be found: Hark to the rare enticement of that song That bounds from rock to rock, rebounds again; With strange infatuation rolls along: Like flash of oar across the watery main— O'er soul and sense it pours with nameless stress, And captivating doth the strain prolong, Until both bark and freight in all belong Unto the phantom's shadowy nothingness." =The result of Mr. Joseph Pennell's visit to Russia will be published by D. Appleton & Company under the title of "The Jew at Home." =Mr. J. A. Froude's new book is entitled "The Story of the Spanish Armada and Other Essays." =The recent articles by Col. A. K. McClure, of Philadelphia, on "Lincoln and Men of War Times" will be issued in book form about May Ist, making a large volume of 460 pages, with 27 full-page illustrations. It will be sold only by subscription. =Volume IX. of the new edition of "Chambers's Encyclopædia" will be ready in June, leaving one more volume to complete the set. Among the contents will be "Rousseau," by the Rev. H. G. Graham; "Lord Salisbury," by Frederick Greenwood; "George Sand," by George Saintsbury; "Sir Walter Scott," by Andrew Lang; "Shakespeare" and "Shelley," by Prof. Dowden: "Sir Philip Sidney," by F. T. Palgrave; "Henry M. Stanley," by J. S. Keltie; "Steele," by Austin Dobson, and "Sterne," by Mr. Trail. TO LICINIUS. Most wise would my Licinius be? Nor always tempt the distant sea, Nor yet amidst the tempest roar Too closely press the dangerous shore. Who in the golden mean shall dwell, Feels not the pinched and sordid cell, Nor for some envied hall shall sigh, Sobered by true philosophy. The tall pine feels the tempest's power, And heaviest falls the stately tower, The mountain peaks that loftiest rise First catch the bolts that fire the skies. Hopeful in grief, thy soul well schooled, Sober in joy, thy passion ruled, And trustful in the Heavens that bring Both winter's storms and flowers of spring. So shalt thou bear what comes each day, And oft Apollo wakes the lay With harp long still, nor from the bow Th' avenging shaft will always throw. Be strong amid the ills of life, And bear thee bravely in the strife, Should fortune send too prosperous gales, Wisely reduce thy swelling sails. From "The Odes and Epodes of Horace;" translated by John B. Hague, Ph. D. "WHEN BIRDS WERE SONGLESS." When birds were songless on the bough I heard thee sing, The world was full of winter, thou Wert full of spring. To-day the world's heart feels anew The vernal thrill, And thine beneath the rueful yew Is wintry chill. EPIGRAMS. Enough of mournful melodies, my lute! Be henceforth joyous, or be henceforth mute. Song's breath is wasted when it does but fan The smouldering infelicity of man. The statue—-Buonarrotti said-doth wait, Thrall'd in the block, for me to emancipate. The poem—saith the poet—wanders free Till I betray it to captivity. From "Poems" by William Watson.408 BOOK NEWS. [Number 117 OBITUARY. The death of the historian EDWARD A. FREEMAN, March 16th, from smallpox, at Alicante, Spain, was wholly unexpected, and is an irreparable loss to the world of letters and learning. Mr. Freeman was in his sixty-ninth year, and since 1873 had held the position of Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford. He was not only a historian of the modern school, but among all Englishmen he, Stubbs and J. R. Greene are alone entitled to the honor of the founders and representatives of the school. His style was noted for lucidity and grace, while his method of original study provided him with a store Of knowledge which rendered him convincing in narrative and overwhelming in attack. His earliest efforts were expended on comparatively local subjects in England. This led him, however, into the close study of the Saxon period, and had a powerful influence in shaping the course of his later studies. His lectures on the History and Conquest of the Saracens in 1856 gave him his first great success before the literary and learned public. His other publications have been numerous, the most famous among them being the History of the Norman Conquest," which was completed in 1876, and The Growths of the English Constitution from the Earliest Times," published in 1872. Last year brought from his fertile and unwearied pen The History of Sicily from the Earliest Times." His visit to this country, which took the character of a busy lecture tour, was followed by three volumes on American sub- jects, Impressions of the United States," Lectures to American Audiences," and " George Washington." It is to be regretted that his great work on Federal Government, with his striking comments on the Achæan League, was never completed, though its publication began in 1863. He was in English politics an ardent Liberal, and, running for Parliament on that ticket in 1868, was defeated. He revenged himself four years later by publishing a telling brochure, Disestablishment and Disendowment—what are they which supplied the stock of knowledge and historical information on which those measures have been pressed ever since. N. Y. Independent. MISS AMELIA B. EDWARDS, the well-known novelist, lecturer, and Egyptian scholar, died in London April 16th. Miss Edwards was the daughter of Thomas Edwards, formerly a British officer, and was born in 1831. On her mother's side she was descended from the Walpoles. She early showed a taste for art and literature, and became known as a contributor to various periodicals as early as 1853. The field of her writings for thirty years included novels, juvenile and educational works, art, politics, and the drama. During the past twenty years she held a high rank among the students of Egyptological subjects, upon which she was a recognized authority and an entertaining writer. She explored the valley of the Nile; she pursued her archæological researches there with diligence, and she carefully, thoughtfully and learnedly examined the wonderful relics of antiquity that exist there, and upon which a new light is ever to be sought. Shortly before her death she completed her last book on Egypt, entitled Pharaohs, Fellahs and Explorers," and a very instructive, attractive and erudite book it is, written in a graceful style. In 1889 she visited the United States, and lectured in a number of cities. She received honorary degrees from Columbia and Smith Colleges, and was elected a member of various Biblical and archæological societies in this country and abroad. Among Miss Edwards's works are (1859), "Barbara's History" (1864), " Hand and Glove" " Half a Million of Money" (1865), " Miss Carew" (1865), Ballads" (1865), Debenham's Vow" (1870), In the Days of My Youth" (1873), Untrodden Peaks and Unfrequented Valleys" (1078), Monsieur Maurice" (1873), "A Thousand Miles Up the Nile" (1877), and Lord Brackenbury" (1889), N. Y. Post. WALT WHITMAN died in Camden, N. J., Saturday, March 26th, in the seventy-fourth year of his age. Walter, or Walt Whitman, was born at West Hills, Long Island, May 31, 1819. His father, whose name he bore, was a farmer ; and the boy, the eldest of the family, was brought up with slight knowledge of even the few refinements obtainable in the country sixty years ago. He was strong and sturdy, a good rider and swimmer, fond of out-door exercise, and impatient of all the amenities of life. What book education he had he received in the public schools of this city and Brooklyn. It was not much, for when only sixteen he was teaching others and learning from back in the country, them rather than from books. N. Y. Sun. He afterward learned printing, and worked at that trade in summer, teaching in winter. Later on he acquired a good deal of skill as a carpenter. For brief periods of his career he edited newspapers in New Orleans and on Long Island, and in 1847—48 he made long pedestrian tours through the United States, generally following the courses of the great Western rivers. He also made pedestrian explorations in Canada. His " Leaves of Grass " was published first in 1855. During the war his brother was wounded on the battlefield, and he hastened to visit him in camp, becoming a volunteer army nurse, in which capacity he served for three years in Washington and in Virginia. His experiences are recorded in Drum-Taps and other poems. Want of rest and nervous strain brought on a severe illness in 1864, from the effects of which he never fully recovered. In 1870 he published his Democratic Vistas." From 1865 to 1874 he held a Government clerkship in Washington. In the latter year he was stricken by paralysis and retired to Camden, where he was gradually recovering when the sudden death of his mother in his presence caused a relapse, and he remained in a crippled condition ever since, although until lately his general health was fair. His intellectual powers remained unaffected. In his prime Mr. NV hitman had a magnificent physique, and to the last his presence was imposing, his white hair giving him a most venerable appearance in his later years. At times he felt the pinch of poverty, but his wants were few and simple, and he had friends who were always ready to contribute to the relief of his necessities. Among his published works may be mentioned Leaves of Grass," " Passage to India," After All, Not to Create Only " " Two Rivulets," Specimen Days and Collect," "November Boughs," and "Sands at Seventy." N. Y. Post. DANIEL LOTHROP, head of the firm of D. Lothrop Co., died February 18th, in the sixty-first year of his age. Mr. Lothrop was born in Rochester, N. H., on August 11, 1831, and was the youngest of the three sons of Daniel and Sophia Lothrop. He traced his descent from the old May, 1892.] BOOK NEWS. 409 English family of Lowthroppe. As a child he was a rapid and retentive student and showed an instinctive aptitude for mathematics. When a lad of fourteen he had fitted himself for college, but a delicate health and a desire to be doing something turned him aside from this course, and he assumed charge of the drug store of his brother James, increasing the business by adding to it a book counter. Before he was twenty he had developed all the resources at his command, opening branch stores in different towns, and the three brothers, James, John and Daniel, had united under the firm- name of D. Lothrop & Co., mutually pledging one another to share and share alike in whatever business enterprise they might engage—a partnership that has existed ever since. The first noteworthy publication of the firm was Andy Luttrell," a Sunday-school book, which proved a great success and was -the beginning of a new era in that sort of literature. From this beginning has grown the present list of over 2000 books by American authors, which has made D. Lothrop Co. one of the largest publishers of strictly American books in the publishing trade ok America. In 1874 the magazine Wide Awake was established, and its success led the firm to start several other periodicals, among which are Babyland, Our Little Men and Women, The Pansy, etc. In the great Boston fire of 1872 Mr. Lothrop met with heavy losses, soon repeated by another fire in the printing house of Rand, Avery & Co. He then went to the Riverside Press, where he at last secured the printing of his $1,000 prize books. In 1875 he moved from Cornhill to Hawley and Franklin Streets, and in 1890 the retail establishment was removed to handsome quarters on Washington Street, while a large building on Purchase Street was occupied as warehouse, printing and editorial rooms and whole- sale department. Since 1887 the firm has been incorporated as the D. Lothrop Company. Mr. Lothrop's death was unexpected; although he had been failing for some years, he was at his place of business until within a few days of his death. He leaves a little daughter Margaret, and his wife, well known to all young readers under her pen name of Margaret Sidney," author of the charming chronicles of the Little Peppers and other stories. Publishers' Weekly. JOHN MURRAY, the well-known London publisher, died on the 2d April. He was the grandson of the founder of the Murray publishing house, which was established in 1768. He was born in 1808, and was educated at Charter House and at Edinburgh University. Early in life he was the con- fidant and business associate of his father. Before he settled down to a business career as the successor of his father as head of the publishing house he traveled considerably, and personal experience of the defects of the guide-books at that time led him to compile the first of a series of Continental Handbooks which have since become world-renowned. When he inherited his father's business it was of a most solid and substantial as well as varied description, and under his direction the great concern improved. He was a conspicuous social and literary figure in London, and was known as the third John Murray. He leaves a son, John Murray the fourth, who has been a partner in the publishing house for several years. Publishers' Weekly. DESCRIPTIVE PRICE-LIST OF NEW BOOKS. HISTORY. AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE OLD STATE HOUSE OF PENNSYLVANIA, Now KNOWN AS THE HALL OF INDEPENDENCE. By Frank M. Etting. With numerous illustrations. Second edition with continuation. 222 pp. Indexed. Quarto, $1.90 ; by mail, $2.17. The Old State House of Pennsylvania, now known as the Hall of Independence," which was originally published before the Centennial year, has been continued down to the present day, and reappears, with additional embellishments calculated to attract both mind and eye, in this handsome second edition. The sixteen years which have elapsed since Mr. Etting published this interesting book have brought to light not a few important facts connected with the history of Independence Hall, and the importance of these facts rendered a second edition absolutely necessary. And, further, the magnificent celebrations of the Centennial anniversary in 1876 are events worthy to be recorded in the same proportionate measure. Taken in its entirety this historical account of Independence Hall is as nearly complete as it possibly can be. It is throughout most interesting, and written so impartially and with such a delicate avoidance of theories upon and dis- cussions of the political questions of the past that it must prove interesting reading to young and old alike. Philadelphia Ledger. ENGLISH WRITERS. An Attempt Towards a History of English Literature. By Henry Morley. Vol. VI ll., from Surrey to Spenser. 416 pp. 12mo, $1.10 ; by mail, $1.25. HASTINGS AND THE ROHILLA WAR.- By Sir John Strachey, G. C. S. I. 324 pp. Indexed. 8vo, $2.48 ; by mail, $2.63. In the present volume Sir John Strachey applies himself, and applies himself successfully, to remove the stigma attached to W. Hastings both by Burke and Macaulay, for the part with which he is credited, and now known to have been falsely credited in the matter of the Rohilla War. History," writes an author quoted by Sir J. Strachey, history furnishes no more striking example of the growth and vitality of a slander. The Rohilla atrocities owe their birth to the malignity of Champion and Francis ; their growth to the rhetoric of Burke ; and their wide diffusion to the pellucid clearness of Macaulay's style." Commenting on these words, Sir John remarks: The only defect I can find in this perfectly just judgment, is that in pronouncing it the writer has forgotten the History of James Mill." London Bookseller. HISTORY OF .THE NINETEENTH ARMY CORPS. By Richard B. Irwin, formerly Lieutenant-Colonel U. S. Volunteers, Assistant Adjutant General of the Corps of the Department of the Gulf. With maps and plans and appendix. 528 pp. Indexed. Svo, $3.60; by mail, $3.83. A very good history of the Nineteenth Army corps has just been written by Colonel R. B. Irwin, long adjutant-general of the corps. This body of troops was organized in the Department of the Gulf, took part in the unfortunate Red River campaign in the spring of 1864, and afterward gave a splendid account of itself in Virginia. The book is specially interesting throughout, being a defence of General Banks, a brilliant and genial gentleman, who had more than his share of the misfortunes of war and suffered the blame of many blunders which should have been laid upon other shoulders. It seems quite clear, from Colonel Irwin's narrative, as it has seemed from many other books and documents, 410. BOOK NEWS. [Number 117 that Banks, like all other commanders of the same territory, suffered through the fact that the Department of the Gulf was too far from Washington to receive adequate attention and support. Colonel Irwin's story is well told and his pages abound in maps. N.Y. Herald "MONSIEUR HENRI." A Foot-note to French History. By Louise Imogen Guiney. 139 pp. With frontispiece and map. 16 mo, 75 cents; by mail, 81 cents. Monsieur Henri is a youthful hero of the revolutionary struggle in La Vendée, who is better known under his name La Rochejaquelein. M. Henri's romantic life is not known as it should be; indeed, there has been a lack of means by which willing readers could acquaint them selves with its details. Miss Guiney tells the story with animation and personal interest. Boy that this nobleman was, reared in luxurious ways as he had been, he began the career here related with words of heroism that have well survived the century that has elapsed since they were uttered. In his father's absence he declared to the farmers assembled about him in defiance of the revolution, that, boy though he was, he would prove that he deserved to lead them. "When I advance," said he, "do you follow me; when I flinch, cut me down; when I fall, avenge me." A portrait shows a handsome face that would pass for a woman's. Originally contributed to a magazine, the paper has been remodeled and extended for issue in this pleasing form. New York Times. POLITICS AND PEN PICTURES AT HOME AND ABROAD. By Henry W. Hilliard, LL. D. With portrait. 445 pp. 8vo, $3.00, postpaid. Mr. Henry W. Hilliard, born in North Carolina, educated in South Carolina, admitted to the bar in Georgia, and afterward a college professor and Methodist preacher in Alabama, which State sent him to Congress, has written a large volume entitled "Politics and Pen Pictures at Home and Abroad." His political experience and social acquaintance have been great both at home and abroad, and many of his recollections are extremely interesting. He was one of the many prominent Southerners who were Union men in theory and practice, yet followed the fortunes of their States after ordinances of secession were passed. Since the war ended he has served four years as Minister to Brazil. As he entered public life more than fifty years ago, as a delegate to the National Whig Convention of that year, his memory covers a long period of our national history, and includes many noted men of two generations, among them being Abraham Lincoln, of whom he says: "Those who were nearest to him, some of his early friends, knew the kindness of his nature. I knew him in Congress, where he served two sessions. We were both Whigs, and we occupied seats near each other. In our intercourse I found him agreeable and entertaining, exhibiting fine sense, his conversation sparkling with wit and his genial nature unfailing." N.Y. Herald. PROBLEMS IN GREEK HISTORY. By J. P. Mahaffy, M.A., D.D., author of "Prolegomena to Ancient History," "Social Life in Greece," "A History of Classical Greek Literature," etc. 240 pp. 12mo, $1.90; by mail, $2.03. Prof. Mahaffy's new volume of studies contains a vigorous and clearly-written discussion of the present state of knowledge on several Greek subjects. Of special interest are his characterizations of various historians of Greece--such as Mitford, who wrote "a Tory history" and shows the influence of the French Revolution, and Thirlwall, who wrote with fairness and accuracy but no enthusiasm, as well as more recent writers, including Curtius, Duruy, Duncker, Holm, and Schliemann. Prof. Mahaffy deals with the very latest literature, for he includes the fragment of Aristotle on "The Polity of the Athenians" and a German work he has seen in proofs, which will be accessible to those who read German in a few weeks. A chapter on Alexander the Great is as interesting as any in the book, especially the comparison of him to Napoleon. Had Napoleon died of a fever on his way to Russia while his power was still unbroken, "he would have left a military reputation hardly inferior to Alexander's." N.Y. Times. STORIES FROM ENGLISH HISTORY FOR YOUNG AMERICANS With illustrations. 784 pp. 12mo, $1.50; by mail, $1.66. A pretty book, which at first sight seems small, yet contains nearly eight hundred pages of text and pictures, is "Stories from English History for Young Americans." It has neither author's name, preface nor introduction, but as it gives several hundred stories, in chronological order, and sprinkles illustrations copiously, the boy or girl who gets it will be entirely satisfied. It is sightly enough to be specially appropriate as a present. On the cover appears the title in Old English letters in red, black and gold, under which is the Great Seal of England in red and gold. N.Y. Herald. THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA. With some account of Ancient America and the Spanish Conquest. By John Fiske. In two volumes. With frontispiece portrait, map and illustrations. 516-631 pp. Indexed. 12mo, $3.00; by mail, $3.35. See review. THE DUCHESS OF ANGOULEME AND THE TWO RESTORATIONS By Imbert de Saint-Amand. Translated by James Davis. With portrait. 403 pp. Indexed. 12mo, 90 cents; by mail, $1.03. See review. THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND ENGLISH GRAMMAR. An historical study of the sources, development and analogies of the language and of the principles governing its usages. Illustrated by copious examples from writers of all periods. By Samuel Ramsey. 571 pp. Indexed. 8vo, $2.25; by mail, $2.50 A comparative grammar of English intended to make recent philological theory and discovery accessible to readers familiar only with the elementary grammar taught in the schools. The method of the work is historical. THE KANSAS CONFLICT. By Charles Robinson, late Governor of Kansas. 487 pp. 12 mo, $1.50; by mail, $1.67. This history of Kansas, from the first expedition of free -soilers in 1849 to 1890, is written by one of the leaders in the organization of the territory, who was later its war Governor, and who writes from the standpoint of those chiefly interested in the constitutional struggle in Kansas. WHO? WHEN? AND WHAT? Famous men and events of six centuries. 1250-1850. By Mary Parmele. 55 pp. With chart. 16mo, paper, 50 cents; by mail, 53 cents. An admirable epitome of history in a ingeniously convenient chart. It deals not with monarchs and battles, like the ordinary historical chart, but with the history of civilization. The centuries and decades from 1250 to 1850 are represented by vertical lines, and each horizontal line represents the life of the person whose name it bears, representative names in literature, philosophy, religious thought, science, invention and discovery. Another division gives in a like manner the most famous names in paint, sculpture and architecture, and music occupies a third division, the development of all branches of human activity being thus presented on parallel lines. Conspicuous events, whether political or otherwise, that have marked epochs in history are recorded on the margin, so that each man's relation to his age is shown at a glance. The chart is accompanied by a compact biographical index that completes its usefulness. For schools and classes in history and literature, and for all students and readers, this modest little publication is invaluable. Philadelphia Times. BIOGRAPHY. A MEMOIR OF HONORE DE BALZAC. Compiled and written by Katharine Prescott Wormeley. With portrait and illustration. 370 pp. Indexed. 12mo, $1.10; by mail, $1.23. See review. May, 1892.] BOOK NEWS. 411 C. H. SPURGEON. His Life and Ministry. By Jesse Page, author of "Samuel Crowther, the Slave-boy who became Bishop of the Niger," etc. With portrait. 160 pp. 12 mo, 60 cents; by mail, 69 cents. CHARLES H. SPURGEON. His Life and Labors. By Geo. C. Needham, author of "Street Arabs," "Father Flynn." With frontispiece, and an introduction by Rev. A. J. Gordon, D. D. 327 pp. 8vo, $1.10; by mail, $1.31. This life first appeared during Mr. Spurgeon's life. It is made up principally of extracts from his letters and sermons, and has also chapters on the institutions he founded, on Mr. Spurgeon's work and on the closing days of his life. DIARY OF GEORGE MIFFLIN DALLAS. While United States Minister to Russia, 1837 to 1839, and to England 1856 to 1861. Edited by Susan Dallas. With portrait. 443 pp. 12mo, $2.00; by mail, $2.19. Mr. Dallas was American Minister at St. Petersburg from July, 1838 to July, 1839, and at London from December, 1859, to May, 1861. This diary, parts of which have appeared in the "Century" gives incidents in the daily life of a diplomat, describes court festivals, and now and then throws light on the diplomacy of the day, particularly during Mr. Dallas's stay in London. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE. The Wounded Soldier's Friend. By Eliza F. Pollard, author of "Robert Aske," "Not Wanted," etc. Illustrated. 160 pp. 12 mo, 60 cents; by mail, 69 cents. Though associated in our minds with a generation long past, since her great work was in the Crimean War, which antedated even our Civil War, yet Florence Nightingale, as Miss Pollard reminds us, is still living. The noble story of her life is told in interesting style, and one wonders which was the greater work--what Miss Nightingale actually did for the war-broken soldiers, or the influence she exerted in making the calling of the nurse so honorable. Even when a young girl, Miss Nightingale gave evidence of the spirit within her. Her first patient was a shepherd's dog, which she brought back to energy and life, after his master had given him up on account of a wounded leg caused by boys throwing stones. Later on, she found help and inspiration in the example of Pastor Fliedner, whose training-school for nurses at Kaiserwerth, in Germany, was one of the best in Europe, and probably the first of those model institutions now so common. With many a sprightly anecdote and in pleasing diction, a full account of her work at Scutari and in the East, as well as in England, is given, and the book will make a capital addition to the Sunday-school library. Critic. LAST DAYS OF MARIE ANTOINETTE. An Historical Sketch. By Lord Ronald Gower. 154 pp. With portrait. 12mo, $1.10; by mail, $1.20. An account of the life of Marie Antoinette, from August 2, 1793, when she was removed to the Conciergerie until she was executed, October 16th. The work has no new material, and follows Compardon and Saint Amand. ON THE PLANTATION. A Story of a Georgia Boy's Adventures During the War. By Joel Chandler Harris, author of "Uncle Remus." With twenty-three illustrations by E. W. Kemble, and frontispiece portrait of the author. 233 pp. 12mo, $1.10; by mail, $1.25. THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF ISAAC WILLIAMS, B. D. Fellow and Tutor of Trinity College, Oxford author of several of the "Tracts for the Times," "A Commentary on the Gospel Narrative," etc. Edited by his brother-in-law, the Venerable, Sir George Prevost, late Archdeacon of Gloucester. As throwing further light on the history of the Oxford movement. 186 pp. 12mo, $1.10; by mail, $1.22. The day must inevitably come when books on the Oxford movement will cease to repay their publishers. At present, however, the output shows no signs of diminishing, and Sir George Prevost's contribution to the history of that great controversy deserves to find readers, for, though hardly important, it is certainly not superfluous. Isaac Williams played a not inconspicuous part in the ecclesiastical upheaval; his tract on "Reserve in Religious Teaching" awoke by its mere title the wrath of the Evangelicals; his candidature for the Professorship of Poetry in 1841-42 was made the occasion of a pitched battle between the old school and the new, to the signal discomfiture of the latter. The chief justification for the appearance of this unpretentious volume lies, however, in Isaac Williams's intimate friendship with more considerable men than himself. He seems, in fact, to have acted as a common centre for confidences. It was to him that Keble read the MS of the "Christian Year," to him that Newman confided some of his earliest doubts. Their dispositions are set forth in these pages with much penetration; and though several of the conversations recorded evidently preserve rather the spirit than the words of the speakers there is no reason for doubting the substantial fidelity of his portraits. Academy. THE LIFE AND PROFESSIONAL CAREER OF EMMA ABBOTT. By Sadie E. Martin (Special writer for the Press). With twenty-eight portraits. 192 pp. 12mo, 95 cents; by mail, $1.10. A life written by an enthusiastic friend in the style of an advance agent, with reproductions---not well printed---of photographs. THE LIFE OF COLUMBUS, THE DISCOVERER OF AMERICA. Chiefly by Sir Arthur Helps, K. C. B., author of "The Spanish Conquest in America," "Friends in Council," etc. Tenth edition. 262 pp. 12mo, $1.35; by mail, $1.46. Sir Arthur Helps wrote this life in 1858, collating it from his "History of the Spanish Conquest in America" and adding much new material gathered by Mr. Herbert Preston Thomas. THE LIFE OF PHILIP HENRY GOSSE., F. R. S. By his son, Edmund Gosse, Hon. M. A., of Trinity College, Cambridge. With portrait. 387 pp. Indexed. 8vo, $4.10; by mail, $4.29. WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. The Abolitionist. By Archibald H. Grimke, M. A. With portrait. American Reformers series. 405 pp. 12mo, $1.10; by mail, $1.24. Each year brings a new book about William Lloyd Garrison, but one of the best stories comes to us from a foreign pen---that of Goldwin Smith. It is almost as short as Carl Schurz's admirable monograph on Abraham Lincoln, and like that book is suggested by a voluminous biography recently published. There have been several books about Garrison written from different standpoints; to many readers Goldwin Smith will seem to have taken a better point of view than any other writer, for he introduces his book with these lines: "There is sometimes a crisis in the history of a nation when a man is urgently needed to prick the national conscience on a moral question. The man need not be supremely wise after the fashion of earthly wisdom, nor supremely strong after the fashion of earthly strength, but he must be himself an impersonation of conscience. He must be perfectly pure and disinterested, free not only from ambition and cupidity, but from vanity, from mere love of excitement, from self-seeking of every kind, as well as brave, energetic, persevering and endowed with a voice which can make itself heard. Such a crisis was the ascendancy of the slave power in the United States, and such a man was William Lloyd Garrison." The sketch--the book is too short to be called a biography--is critical as well as appreciative. Quarrels were as numerous among the early Abolitionists as in any other body of reformers, for men who agree as to principles are often likely to fight when practical means are discussed. The author has read Birney's sketch of his father, as well as the life of Garrison by his son, and he discriminates coolly from time to time, in spite of his evident admiration for Garrison. N. Y. Herald. WILLIAM WORDSWORTH. By Elizabeth Wordsworth, Principal of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. 232 pp. With Appendix. 12mo, 94 cents; by mail, $1.04.412 BOOK NEWS [Number 117 RELIGIOUS. A PILGRIMAGE TO THE HOLY COAT OF TREVES. With an account of its history and authenticity. By Richard F. Clarke S. J. Illustrated. 141 pp. With appendices. 12mo, 90 cents; by mail, $1.00. Mr. Clarke recites the story of Treves and its churches, of the Holy Coat, the gift of St. Helena, and presents the argument for its genuiness and authenticity. He speaks of evidence and proof; but when we ask where or what they are, the failure to produce them is so glaring that it must have struck Mr. Clarke himself, and possibly inspired the disclaimer of any such attempt which we find in the preface. All we know of the coat is that it was at Treves in 1200 A.D., and that there was a tradition that it came from St. Helena as in some way connected with her great legendary achievement, the find of the True Cross. The book is gentle in tone, and free from arrogant dogmatics. Its language and spirit are those of a devout and spiritual believer. The narrative permits us to believe that among the nearly two million pilgrims who thronged the exposition of the Holy Relic were many who had the experience of a truly gracious visitation. But the Holy Coat--- alas! that lies heavy on the Church. New York Independent. BIBLE DIFFICULTIES AND HOW TO MEET THEM. A Symposium. Edited by Frederick A. Atkins, author of "First Battles and How to Fight Them," "Moral Muscle," etc. 114 pp. 12mo, 40 cents; by mail, 48 cents. This volume, which succeeds "Hints on Bible Study," gives a series of short, sensible, well-balanced addresses on Inspiration, the Trinity, the Bible and Science, Miracles, the Atonement, Resurrection and Incarnation, all handled without insisting on too much. CHAFF AND WHEAT. A Defense of Verbal Inspiration. By James H. Brookes. 46 pp. 12mo, paper, 12 cents; by mail, 15 cents. A defense of verbal inspiration based on texts of Scripture, principally poetic utterances. CHRISTIANITY AND INFALLIBILITY---BOTH OR NEITHER. By the Rev. Daniel Lyons. 284 pp. 12mo, $1.10; by mail, $1.23. This little work is written with the object of showing that Christianity, to maintain its rightful hold on the reason and conscience of men, needs "a living, infallible Witness to its truths and principles; a living, infallible Guardian of its purity and integrity, and a living, infallible Interpreter of its meaning." For the purpose of proving this assertion the author takes his readers through a mass of closely reasoned matter which certainly has the merit of being interesting, though to many minds it will hardly prove convincing. But surely Mr. Lyons, when he says, as a Catholic, that he believes in infallibility because he "believes in the importance and necessity of his soul's salvation, and that both call for the guidance and security of infallibility," considerably begs the question; and instances of this form of logic might frequently be pointed out. Publisher's Circular. CHRISTIAN LIVING. THE SHEPHERD'S PSALM. THE PRESENT TENSES OF THE BLESSED LIFE. By Rev. F. B. Meyer, B. A., author of "Elijah and the Secret of His Power," "Israel; a Prince with God," etc. Three volumes. 16mo, each 40 cents; by mail, 44 cents. The Rev. Mr. Meyer is a well-known writer on religious subjects. We call attention to the last in the series on the "Present Tenses of The Blessed Life," as most helpful and encouraging. N. Y. Independent. FIRST BATTLES AND HOW TO FIGHT THEM. Some friendly chats with young men. By Frederick A. Atkins, author of "Moral Muscle and How to Use It." 119 pp. 12mo, 40 cents; by mail, 48 cents. A series of brief common-sense talks about the more necessary practical and active virtues. GROWTH IN GRACE, AND OTHER SERMONS. By the late W. C. Magee, D.D., author of "The Gospel of the Age." Edited by Charles S. Magee, Barrister-at-Law. 297 pp. 12mo, $1.35; by mail, $1.51. Fourteen sermons, one preached in 1863, four in 1871 and the rest at various dates, ending wit the last preached by him in Peterborough Cathedral before leaving that see for York. LAWS OF CHRIST OF COMMON LIFE. By R. W. Dale, LL.D., Birmingham. Fifth edition. 304 pp. 12mo, $1.90; by mail, $2.05. NOT ON CALVARY. A Layman's Plea for Mediation in the Temptation in the Wilderness. 45 pp. 12mo, paper, 28 cents; by mail, 33 cents. Those who have been deeply tangled in the web of life's mysteries and suffering will be sure to read this little brochure with advantage. It will, perhaps, speak all the more directly to them for having come not from one who has a large acquaintance and practical experience in dealing with human suffering, but from a layman who has only his own experience and the Word of God to lend him. N. Y. Independent. PERSONALITY. Sermons by Samuel Richard Fuller, Rector of St. Paul's Church, Malden, Massachusetts. 302 pp. 12mo, 90 cents; by mail, $1.01. Short practical sermons on familiar topics. PEW RENTS AND THE NEW TESTAMENT. Can they be reconciled? By Robert C. Ogden. Introduction by J. R. Miller, D.D. 40 pp. 16mo, 25 cents; by mail, 30 cents. How shall we reach the masses is one of the great questions exercising the minds of persons interested in church work at present. It is not very clear who compose this rather ill-defined body, "the masses," but they must certainly be non-churchgoers. The pew-rent system is charged with being an obstacle in the way of bringing the masses into our churches. In the midst of a busy mercantile life the author has thought out and arranged a very strong argument against the renting of pews in our churches, and in favor of making all seats free. He states his proposition as follows: "The free preaching of the Gospel by means of voluntary support is the only system that will meet the Scriptural test, and, therefore, it is preferable to the pew-renting system. By free preaching of the Gospel I mean that the only condition precedent to the enjoyment of the privileges of a house of public worship is a willingness to accept such privileges. By voluntary support I mean conscience giving only, pure and simple." He takes high ground in advocating his doctrine of a free gospel, and lays down the following strict rule: "By just as much as the Christian fails to sustain the Christ idea that the gospel preaching must be free does he fail to be a Christian. He, therefore, fails to keep the covenant between his soul and his God." Whether one agrees with Mr. Ogden in his views on the subject of church support or not, a careful reading of this sincere, manly discussion of the subject cannot fail to be helpful. Philadelphia Ledger. SAFE COUNSEL AND SWEET COMFORT. Messages for the Young. By Rev. C. C. Albertson. With portrait. 154 pp. 12mo, 60 cents; by mail, 68 cents. SCHOOL AND PARISH HYMNAL. With Tunes. Compiled and edited by Rev. J. F. Ohl. 312 pp. 12mo, boards, 50 cents, postpaid. Over two hundred and fifty Hymn and Tunes, arranged according to the Church Year, with full provision for the Sundays after Trinity and all special occasions. With special reference to school and parish work outside of the church services. SCHOOL AND PARISH SERVICE-BOOK. Being the order of Matins and Vespers of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. With music. Edited by the Rev. J. F. Ohl. 151 pp. 12 mo, boards, 40 cents, postpaid. A musical setting of the Order of Matins and Vespers, with most of the Invitatories, Antiphons, Responsories, Versicles, and forty-five Psalms set to Gregorian and Anglican Chants, intended for Sunday-schools, week-day services, society meetings, colleges, seminaries and mission congregations. SERMONS ON SOME WORDS OF CHRIST. By H. P. Liddon, D. D., D. C. L., LL. D. 356 pp. 12mo, $1.50; by mail, $1.63. May, 1892.] BOOK NEWS. 413 SERMONS PREACHED IN LINCOLN'S INN CHAPEL. By Frederick Denison Maurice. In six volumes. Vol. IV. 275 pp. 12mo, 90 cents; by mail, $1.03. THE CANON OF THE OLD TESTAMENT. An Essay on the gradual growth and formation of the Hebrew Canon of Scripture. By Herbert Edward Ryle, B. D., 304 pp. Indexed. 12mo, $1.35; by mail, $1.48. THE CHALCEDONIAN DECREE; OR, HISTORICAL CHRISTIANITY, MISREPRESENTED BY MODERN THEOLOGY, CONFIRMED BY MODERN SCIENCE, AND UNTOUCHED BY MODERN CRITICISM. By John Fulton, D. D., LL. D. Charlotte Wood Slocum Lectures. 213 pp. 12mo, $1.10; by mail, $1.23. This book consists of a series of lectures endowed by Mrs. Charlotte Wood Slocum, of Detroit, in memory of the life and labors of the Rt. Rev. Samuel Smith Harris, Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Michigan, and their aim is to shoe, first, what historical Christianity is; second, that it is obnoxious to none of the moral objections to which provincial and popular opinions have exposed it; third, that it is in no way invalidated, but rather confirmed by the progress of physical science; and fourth, that it is not so much as touched by any of the so called results of Biblical criticism. Dr. Fulton recognizes that the application of a right and scientific criticism to the text and composition of the sacred writings has shaken the belief that in every line, letter and syllable they are the infallible word of God; that the discoveries of science which have put so new a face on the physical universe have created a new difficulty, and have made old arguments simply obsolete; but he asks for Christian theology that it should be treated precisely as scientific philosophy is treated, and that it be admitted or rejected as a natural system of belief on precisely the same grounds as the theory of evolution is accepted or rejected. Philadelphia Record. THE EVOLUTION OF LOVE. By Emory Miller, D. D., LL. D. 346 pp. 12mo, $1.10; by mail, $1.22. There are readers who will find a meaning and a satisfactory philosophy in "The Evolution of Love, " written by Rev. Dr. Emory Miller. They will be readers who prefer the shadow to the substance, the pursuit of happiness to the possession of it. Love, as Dr. Miller understands it, is a thing that does not inhabit the earth, and though he discourses eloquently concerning it, only the elect few will apprehend and appreciate his words. Philadelphia Press. THE HIGHEST CRITICS VS. THE HIGHER CRITICS. By Rev. L. W. Munhall, M> A., Evangelist. 199 pp. 12mo, 75 cents; by mail, 85 cents. Mr. Munhall is wholly outside the reach of criticism, in a sphere apart by himself, where we must leave him alone in his glory. He quotes poor Lieutenant Totten for his authority, and gives his readers a tangle of sense and nonsense which we cannot attempt to unwind. He says modestly: "I claim to be a man of affairs. In the past fifteen years I have preached to more than 7,000,000 of hearers, a greater number than any living man, with possibly one exception, during the same time." New York Independent. THE LIFE BEYOND. This Mortal must put on Immortality. By George Hepworth. 116 pp. 12mo, 75 cents; by mail, 83 cents. Mediations on future life and its conditions and possibilities put in the form of apologues uttered by a supernatural being. THE MAN OF UZ. Lessons for young Christians from the life of an Ancient Saint. By the Rev. S. A. Martin, Professor of Homiletics, Lincoln University. 135 pp. 16mo, 38 cents; by mail, 46 cents. THE PROBLEM OF JESUS. By George Dana Boradman, D. D. LL. D. Author of "Studies in the Creative Week," "Studies in the Mountain Instruction," "The Divine Man," etc. Revised edition. 36 pp. 12mo, 30 cents; by mail 36 cents. This little book was first published last fall. Of the new edition eleven pages are entirely reconstructed. The events of Christ's life and more especially the effects of that life during the last eighteen hundred years are ably concentrated by Dr. Boardman in a 36-page booklet. The facts presented stand for a life time's study. All the profits received by the author from the sale of the book are devoted to Christian charity. THE STORY OF THE TOKEN. As belonging to the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. By Robert Shiells. 170 pp. 160m, 80 cents; by mail, 89 cents. The Presbyterian Church in Scotland and in this country, as well as other reformed communions, has had the custom of issuing small metal tokens to those about to attend the communion service, and this volume gives an account of them. TEN REASONS WHY I BELIEVE THE BIBLE IS THE WORD OF GOD. By R. A. Torrey, Superintendent of the Bible Institute, Chicago. 23 pp. 12mo, paper, 12 cents; by mail, 14 cents. THE UNSEEN FRIEND. By Lucy Larcom, author or "As It Is in Heaven," "Beckonings for Every Day," etc. 217 pp. 16mo, white and gilt, 75 cents; by mail, 84 cents; full morocco, gilt, $2.25; by mail, $2.33. "Life is friendship." "To us, who are human and spiritual beings, life can mean nothing less than friendship with God." These discourses expand these sentences from the introduction. WEST ROXBURY SERMONS. By Theodore Parker. 1837-1848. From unpublished manuscripts. With introduction and biographical sketch. 235 pp. 12mo, 75 cents; by mail, 85 cents. At West Roxbury Parker preached 362 sermons before he was thirty-six years old, and from these have been chosen those which he most often preached when called elsewhere in exchange with other pastors. Samuel J. Barrows has made the selection and writes an introduction to the volume, in which he calls attention to the value of the sermons as links in the chain of Parker's development. They show the early part of the trail by which he advanced to great things in Boston. N. Y. Times. TRAVEL. FROM PALM TO GLACIER. With an interlude. Brazil, Bermuda and Alaska. By Alice W. Rollins. Illustrated. 145 pp. Quarto, $1.25; by mail, $1.51. When a woman who knows how to write goes travelling and takes her fancy with her, a good book may be confidently expected. Such a good book by such a woman is Mrs. Rollins' "From Palm to Glacier," the countries visited being Brazil, Bermuda and Alaska. There are plenty of descriptive pages, all written in merry spirit; quite as many are full of fancy and reverie. Here is something about Alaska, which will confuse minds which judge countries by their worst seasons and according to their nearness to the poles. "She is the lady of landscapes---our fair Alaska---dainty to her heart's core. Very, very fair she is, sitting silent among the silver hills, with her white brows, her snowy laces, her jewelled stars, her long, tapering headlands like slender feet, clocked with silver streams, resting on the satin cushion of the sea, without even dimpling its surface with their weight. For a long time there were none to see or care. What was she, without art, or literature, or history, or associations, or even ruins to charm away those who loved the magnificance of Rome, the witchery of Venice, the splendor of tropic noons, the mysterious languor of the Orient? Yet the time came when, turning their surprised prows northward, wearied lovers of the South and East learned the charm of this silent lady of pale northern snows, and she, even she, heard through the thrilling dusk the whisper of whispers that transfigures and enlightens the world, 'O, by beloved!' " A dozen admirable phototypes illustrate the book. New York Herald. INDIKA. The Country and the People of India and Ceylon. By John F. Hurst, D. D., LL. D. With map and illustrations. 794 pp. Indexed. Crown 8vo, $4.50; by mail, $4.88. See review. 414 BOOK NEWS. [ Number 117 TRAVELS AMONG THE GREAT ANDES OF THE EQUATOR. By Edward Whymper. With Maps and Illustrations. 456 pp. Indexed. 8vo, $4.50; by mail, $4.83. See review. THE CHEVALIER OF PENSIERI-VANI. By Henry B. Fuller. 185 pp. 12mo, 90 cents; by mail $1.02. TWO HAPPY YEARS IN CEYLON. By C.F. Gordon cumming, author of “At Home in Fiji,” “A Lady’s Cruise in a French Man-of-Water,” etc. Illustrated by the author. In two volumes. 428-442 pp. Indexed 8vo, $6.75; by mail, $7.16. With choice and profuse vocabulary, fine literary skill, and a many-sided nature, sensitive at every facet to the manifold impressions of the tropics, this cultivated woman interprets the wonderful and varied phenomena of tropical nature and man. She talks unconventionally-and all the more truthfully-about native and foreigners, religions, history, climate, products, flora, fauna and minerals. The element of personal experience and adventure add fascination. Gems and architecture, coffee in flower, bean and cup, elephants old and young, sacred relics and holy places are described and discussed gracefully and without a hint of weariness. The coast and the hills, Kandy and Colombo, Ratnapura, Adam’s Peak and their wonders appear before us with all their color, warmth and fascination. The chapter on the tug of war-the battle of diverse creeds in Ceylon-is powerfully written, and will be read by all students of the missionary problem. Frequently we light upon points of special interest to Americans, and the story of our fellow-citizens abroad is one that will attract many readers on this side of the Atlantic. A full index opens the accumulated relics of what may be safely pronounced, for the general reader, the best book on Ceylon. It certainly deserves to stand on the same shelf with Hurst’s “Indika,” and Mrs. Bishop’s “Japan.” Critic POETRY. CHRISTIAN BALLADS. By Arthur Cleveland Coxe. A new edition, with additions. 240 pp. 12mo, 75 cents; by mail, 85 cents. Religious verses, first published in book form in America in 1840. The aim of the collection is to show the beauty of holiness as exemplified in the ritual of the Anglican Church. Many of them have individual purpose. Among these are Dreamland, which conveys a reproof for those who neglect the Church and her offices, and thus cause her to be misrepresented; and Chronicles, which is a history of apostolic commission in England from the first century to the Restoration. Distinctive features of verses are explained in notes. Publishers’ Weekly. POEMS BY THE WAY. Written by William Morris. 196pp. 12mo, 90 cents; by mail, $1.01. The verse of William Morris in this new volume shows that Saxon strength and integrity which make the great charm of his writings. Sanest of poets is he, and clearest as well. We know what Mr. Morris is thinking about, and can see that he also knows what it is. His Scandinavian and Icelandic likings are shown in many of these pieces, and his interest in common things of nature as well. The topics he takes include “Spring’s Bedfellow,” the brier rose, the woodpecker, the lion, “Earth, the Healer,” and the folk-mote. N.Y. Times. POEMS. By William Watson. 148 pp. 12mo, $1.10; by mail, $1.18. Mr. Watson’s new volume consists of a reprint of “Words-worth’s Grave,” together with a number of freshly collected pieces. A reading of it has served to confirm and deepen our original impression of the author’s powers and of the mingled strength and delicacy which stamp his style. He is not, indeed, of those who take the world by storm, rather of those who need time to reach its heart, and are most loved where they are best known. He inherits the tradition of Wordsworth and of Matthew Arnold-a tradition of song which is serene rather than fervent, of poetry tempered by philosophy. Mr. Watson’s thought is always pure, always sane; he contemplates the turmoil of existence from philosophic heights, and, like the two great poets who are his masters, is able to breathe something of his own peace into ruffled souls. Here is a wise lesson from one of his epigrams, the most successful handling of that difficult genre with which we are acquainted: “Think not thy wisdom can illuminate away The ancient tanglement of night and day. Enough to acknowledge both, and both revere: They see not clearliest who see all things clear.” Academy. POTIPHAR’S WIFE AND OTHER POEMS. By Sir Edwin Arnold, author of “The Light of Asia,” etc. 128 pp. 12 mo, 90 cents; by mail, 99 cents; white parchment, $1.10; by mail, $1.19. See review. SULAMITH. A Metrical Romance. By Samuel McClurg Osmond, D.D. 212 pp. 12mo, $1.25; by mail, $1.37. The allusions to Sulamith in the Song of Songs are made the basis for this romance, in which the heroine is made the daughter of Ammenadil by a Syrian woman, Agar, with whom Solomon falls in love. THE DEEDS OF BEOWULF. An English Epic of the Eight Century done into Modern Prose. With an introduction and notes by John Earle, M.A. 203 pp. With glossary. 12mo, $1.89; by mail, $2.00. Beowulf is not so much a name as a literature, so large is the number of critics and scholars-English, German, Danish and Swedish-that have made the Anglo-Saxon poem their study, together with the correspondingly numerous publications of the fruits of their researches. As is well known, the text exists in the single Cottonian MS. Copy. In 1705 Wanley discovered it, and had twenty-six years in which he might have made a perfect copy. In 1731 occurred the fire at Ashburnham House, mutilating the Beowulf MS., but not so irretrievably that the poem could not be reproduced in a condition of approximate completeness. As to the origin, authorship and subject of the composition many and various theories have been propounded, respecting which it is unnecessary to speak here except in the case of Professor Earle, who claims to have made something in the nature of a discovery in his own view of the poem. He considers it to be of a political character. The epic is of Mercian origin. By Scyld is intended King Offa, and Beowulf stands for Egberth, Offa’s son. The Professor thinks that he can even lay his finger upon the unknown author of the poem-Hygeberht, the man chosen by Offa for the then newly constituted archdiocese of Lichfield. London Bookseller. THE LIGHT OF ASIA. Being the Life and Teaching of Gotama, Prince of India and Found of Buddhism. By Sir Edwin Arnold. With full and complete explanatory notes, by Mrs. I.L. Hauser, author of “The Orient and its People.” Rialto Series. 309 pp. 12mo, paper, 40 cents; by mail, 42 cents. THE ODES AND EPODES OF HORACE. Translated into English verse, with an introduction and notes and Latin text. By John R. Hague, Ph. D. 188 pp. Small quarto, $1.35; by mail, $1.55. THE FORESTERS: ROBIN HOOD AND MAID MARIAN. By Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Poet Laureate. 155 pp. 12mo, 90 cents; by mail, 99 cents. See review. THE TEMPEST. A New Variorum Edition of Shakespeare. Edited by Horace Howard Furness. Vol. IX. 465 pp. Indexed. Crown 8vo, $3.00; by mail, $3.32. REFERENCE. EVERYBODY’S POCKET CYCLOPAEDIA OF THINGS WORTH KNOWING, THINGS DIFFICULT TO REMEMBER, AND TABLES OF REFERENCE. 244 pp. Indexed. 16mo, 60 cents; by mail, 67 cents. Condensed statements of general information with an index of leading subjects. May, 1892.] BOOK NEWS. 415 EVERYBODY’S WRITING-DESK BOOK. By Charles Nisbet and Don Lemon. Revised and edited by James Baldwin, Ph. D. Have I used the right word? Have I spelled it correctly? Is the sentence grammatical? Is it correct in style? Is it punctuated correctly? Contains also suggestions to beginners in literature, and much other matter designed for the instruction and guidance of all who write. 310 pp. Indexed. 16 mo, 75 cents; by mail, 83 cents. This book gives, in a single, exceedingly compact, clearly-printed little volume, much of the information for which one has, in general, to consult many and bulky volumes. It gives synonyms and anonyms; the correct spelling of many doubtful words; hints on grammar; rules of punctuation, and a series of suggestive paragraphs, culled from the best authorities on the subject, on the formation of style. To the worker whose tools are words, such a volume needs no commending; and to him whose writing-desk serves him but for the writing of notes polite, this little booklet may yet prove an acceptable companion. Boston Commonwealth RAND, MCNALLY & CO.’S INDEXED COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP POCKET MAPS AND SHIPPER’S GUIDES. Flexible covers; NEW YORK, PENNSYLVANIA. Each, 20 cents; by mail, 25 cents. RECORD OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS FOR THE YEAR 1891. Exhibiting the most important discoveries and improvements in all the branches of engineering, architecture and building, mining and metallurgy, the mechanic arts, industrial technology and the useful arts, photography, chemistry, medicine and surgery, printing, the generation, measurement, transmission, and application of electricity, the telegraph and telephone, meteorology and aeronauty, astronomy, etc. By Robert Grimshaw, M.E., Ph. D., 372 pp. Indexed. 12mo, $1.10; by mail, $1.24. THE HANDBOOK ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. With an appendix of abbreviations, foreign words and phrases, list of geographical names, Scripture proper names, forms of address, etc. Three hundred and fifty engravings. 448 pp. 12mo, 60 cents; by mail 71, cents. This is the English “National Pronouncing Dictionary” revised, but while the definitions are in part taken from Webster’s great dictionary the distinctively English spelling is retained. The words in which there is a difference in spelling according to English and American usage are very few, and the differences are so well understood that the use of this convenient volume as a handbook of pronunciation is not impaired. Americans will continue to spell according to Webster or Worcester, but they must pronounce in accordance with English usage. An appendix is added containing abbreviations, foreign words and phrases and lists of geographical and Scripture proper names. N.Y. Times. SOCIOLOGY. A CONCEPT OF POLITICAL JUSTICE. By J.W. Sullivan. Unsettled Questions. 58 pp. 12mo, paper, 10 cents, postpaid. DIRECT LEGISLATION BY THE CITIZENSHIP THROUGH THE INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM. By J.W. Sullivan, Unsettled Questions. 120 pp. 12mo, paper, 25 cents, postpaid. ELEMENTS OF ECONOMICS OF INDUSTRY. Being the first volume of Elements of Economics. By Alfred Marshall. 416 pp. Indexed. 12mo, 90 cents; by mail, $1.03. An abridgment for the use of young students of the first volume of Professor Marshall’s “Principles of Economics,” dealing with production and supply, value or distribution, and the other leading subjects of that treatise in the form of a lucid, and in all ways practical, abstract. Saturday Review. METHODS OF INDUSTRIAL REMUNERATION. By David F. Schloss. 287 pp. Indexed. 12 mo, $1.20; by mail, $1.32. Mr. Schloss has-without ever running into excess or prolixity-brought together a vast number of important facts relating to his subject, and marshalled them with remarkable ability. It need hardly be said that his volume does not read as easily as a novel, yet-barring, perhaps, a table or two-it is not likely that any person interested in the subject will leave a page unread, whether he agree with the author or not. After an introduction Mr. Schloss deals, in eleven chapters, with the different kinds of wages, which he classes as time-wage, piece-wage, task-wage, progressive wages, collective task-wage, collective piece-wage, collective progressive wages, contract work, and co-operative work. The next four chapters treat of piece-wage foremanship and sub-contract, the objections entertained to the latter, and the interference of public authorities in regard to it. The whole remainder of the book deals in fourteen chapters with cooperation, profit sharing, and product sharing. In the meanwhile careful economic studies like those of Mr. Schloss are extremely valuable-perhaps even more so to the working man than to the employer or the philanthropist. Academy. THE DIETETIC VALUE OF BREAD By John Goodfellow, F.R.M.S., author of “Is Bread the Staff of Life?” “Recent Hygienic Improvements in Bread,” “Personal and Home Hygiene,” etc. Macmillan’s Manuals for Students, 328 pp. Indexed. 12mo, $1.35; by mail, $1.47. Most consumers of bread are profoundly indifferent as to the kinds of bread and their respective values as food. Bread is bread, they think, and there’s an end of it. Larger views are suggested by Mr. John Goodfellow’s interesting volume, which treats of the chemical constituents and food values of white bread, “whole meal,” and various patent or “special” breads. The number of these special breads is extraordinary, and they all appear to be worthy of the bread-eaters attention, or they would not, we presume by here described and discussed. Saturday Review. HYGIENE. PSYCHO-THERAPEUTICS; OR, TREATMENT BY HYPNOTISM AND SUGGESTION. By C. Lloyd Tuckey, M.D. Third edition, revised and enlarged. 321 pp. Indexed, 8vo, $1.60; by mail, $1.76. This is a third edition, but a third edition with so much that is new in it that it may be treated as a very much completer book than Dr. Tuckey’s previous editions, and it is a book of which the interest is by no means exclusively or even principally professional. It will be found to have the highest possible interest, and even fascination, for the general reader with only a very superficial knowledge of medical science. Dr. Tuckey writes lucidly and soberly. He is not one of those who make much of the marvels of hypnotism. Rather he keeps a strict watch over the evidence, and accepts nothing that he does not know to have been carefully investigated by writers of great knowledge, sobriety and vigilance. Spectator. A TEXT-BOOK OF NURSING. For the use of Training Schools, Families and Private Students. Compiled by Clara S. Weeks-Shaw. Second edition, revised and enlarged, with illustrations. 385 pp. Indexed. 12mo, $1.25; by mail, $1.39. This text-book first appeared in 1885 by Miss Clara S. Weeks, and was one of the first earlier manuals on the subject. It is not issued revised by Mrs. Clara S. Weeks-Shaw, and with an added chapter on gynaecology contributed by Dr. G.W. Garman. A TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE NOSE AND ITS ACCESSORY CAVITIES. By Grenville Macdonald, M.D. (London), physician to the hospital for diseases of the throat. Second edition. Illustrated. 381 pp. Indexed. 12mo, $1.90; by mail, $2.08. THE HYGIENIC TREATMENT OF CONSUMPTION. In three parts. Part I. Nature and Causes of the Disease. Part II. Prevention and Treatment in Its Earlier Stages. Part III. Treatment in More Advanced Stages. By M.L. Holbrook, M.D. 219 pp. 12 mo, $2.00, post-paid.416 BOOK NEWS [Number 117 SCIENCE. A GUIDE TO ELECTRIC LIGHTING, FOR THE USE OF HOUSEHOLDERS AND AMATEURS. By S. R. Bottone, author of "The Dynamo," "Electrical Instruments," "Electrical Bells," and "Electro Motors." With illustrations. 189 pp. 12mo, 60 cents; by mail, 70 cents. A condensed semi-technical view of the theory, method and appliances of electric lighting brought down to about the spring of 1891. PSYCHOLOGY APPLIED TO THE ART OF TEACHING. By Joseph Baldwin, A. M., LL. D., Professor of Pedagogy University of Texas, author of "Art of School Management" and "Elementary Psychology." International Educational series. 381 pp. Indexed. 12mo, $1.10; by mail, $1.21. THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE. By Karl Pearson, M. A. With twenty-five figures in the text. The Contemporary Science Series. 493 pp. Indexed. 12mo, 94 cents; by mail, $1.08. Mr. Karl Pearson, professor of geometry in Gresham College, London, has come to the conclusion, after ten years' experience in teaching and examining, that elementary text books of science possess very little educational value, partly because of the obscurity and illogical nature of the statements contained in them. This, it must be confessed, is a sweeping charge to make, and it is one which many persons who have found these elementary text books helpful will not be inclined to support. Mr. Pearson has, however, thought it desirable to provide a book in which the elements of dynamical science should be presented free from metaphysics to young students, and in the present volume expresses views which the author has been teaching for some time, the substance of the work having formed the topic of two introductory courses of instruction at Gresham College on the "Scope and Concepts, of Modern Science." The book contains about five hundred pages, and is divided into a series of thoughtful and suggestive chapters, at the end of each of which, in order to assist the student, are given summary of the contents and a list of books bearing upon the subject in hand. Examiner and Times. ESSAYS AND ADDRESSES. ACROSS THE PLAINS. With other Memories and Essays. By Robert Louis Stevenson. 317 pp. 12mo, 90 cents; by mail, $1.02. This is a collection of papers which Mr. Stevenson printed in various magazines before his departure for the South Seas. They describe a journey across the American continent, a visit to Fontainebleau and the artist colony, some "random memories" of Scotland and elsewhere, and others relate to such "stuff as dreams are made of." They are preceded by a letter from Sidney Colvin, from which we learn that Mr. Stevenson was in very bad shape when he went off to Samoa, but that the South Sea has breathed new life into him and that he now takes a more cheerful view of life than is expressed in the later pages of this entertaining volume. Philadelphia Times. CONCERNING ALL OF US. By Thomas Wentworth Higginson. With portrait. 210 pp. 16mo, 75 cents; by mail, 82 cents. "Concerning All of Us" is the title of the latest volume of the very pretty little series which Harper & Brothers are making from the works of some of their own editorial staff. The author of the present book is Colonel Thomas Wentworth Higginson, one of the few really clever essayists in the United States, and one who covers a great variety of topics in a manner which is both cheerful and forceful. The volume contains about thirty papers on the subjects as diverse as "The Pillars of the Republic," "Good Society and the Best Society," "Domestic Service in the Millennium," "English and American Health," "Little Social Circles," "The Pleasing Art of Self-Extinction," "The Contagion of Manners," and "Repression at Long Range." It is one of the few recent books which two or three thousand men could well afford to carry in their pockets for reading at odd moments, for no one of the essays is long and all are full of sense and stimulation. N. Y. Herald. ESSAYS ON GERMAN LITERATURE. By Hjalmar Hjorth Boysen, Professor of the Germanic Language and Literatures in Columbia College. 359 pp. 12mo, $1.20; by mail, $1.23. One-half this volume is taken up with a careful study of Goethe, particularly with reference to English translations. Essays follow on Schiller, the German novel and the romantic school in Germany. HISTORICAL ESSAYS. By Edward A. Freeman M. A. Hon. D. C. L. and LL.D. Fourth series, 512 pp. Indexed. 8vo, $2.60; by mail, $2.82. News had not yet come of the death of Prof. Freeman when the fourth series of his "Historical Essays" was issued to the public. In all, the volume contains twenty-two papers, ranging in subjects from Carthage to the British House of Lords, from Brazil to English Civil Wars, and from Cardinal Pole to the Constitution of the German Empire. Equally varied are the papers as to dates. One bears date of last year; others were written in the eighties; still others in the seventies, while six belong to the late sixties. All save one have appeared in periodicals or in the Encyclopaedia Britannica. The one exception is the paper on Brazil and Portugal, which was written at Bordighera without books of reference, and delivered in Oxford by a deputy. The reader of these essays will be impressed once more with the vast knowledge this sturdy and remarkable Englishman had acquired, and he will realize with new regret what his loss signifies. N. Y. Times. HORAE SABBATICAE. Reprint of articles contributed to Saturday Review. By Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, Art. K. C. S. I. First and second series. 347-417 pp 12mo, each $1.10; by mail, $1.22. Sir James Stephen will be remembered as the Judge who presided at the trial of the now famous Mrs. Maybrick. It will also be remembered that in consequence of his peculiar conduct at that trial he was compelled to step down from the bench, it being alleged that he was insane. However that may be, Sir James must be acknowledged to have been, prior to his misfortune, a most brilliant man, and one can require no better evidence of his wide and diversified learning, and his ability to apply that learning than the series of reprints of articles contributed by him to the Saturday Review, published under the title of "Horae Sabbaticae." The subjects range from "Joinville and St. Louis" to "Archbishop Laud," from "Froissart's Chronicles" to "Jeremy Taylor as a Moralist," from Hobbes to Bossuet, from Bishop Butler to Hume and Gibbon. The author has a clear and forceful style, and his articles, besides their interest as reviews, have merit as essays. Philadelphia Press. SPEECHES OF BENJAMIN HARRISON. Twenty-third President of the Untied States. A complete collection of his public addresses from February, 1888, to February, 1892, chronologically classified; embracing all his campaign speeches, letter of acceptance, inaugural address, and the numerous speeches delivered during his several tours; also extracts from his message to Congress. Compiled by Charles Hedges. With frontispiece portrait. 580 pp. Indexed. 12mo, $1.50; by mail, $1.67. Each of these speeches is prefaced by an account of the circumstances under which it was delivered, and the volume includes all President Harrison's public utterances from February, 1888, to February, 1892. THE GOLDEN GUESS. Essays on Poetry and the Poets. By John Vance Cheney, author of "Thistle-Drift," "Wood-Blooms," etc. 292 pp 12mo, $1.10; by mail $1.22. Essays on the nature of poetry, collating and collecting a number of definitions, with papers on Arnold Browning, Tennyson, Swinburne, "Music, or the tone poetry," and Hawthorne, by the librarian of the Free Library, San Francisco. May, 1892.] BOOK NEWS. 417 THE PRESUMPTION OF SEX. And Other Papers By Oscar Fay Adams, author of "The Story of Jane Austen's Life," "Dear Old Story-Tellers," "Post-Laureate Idlyls," etc. 149 pp. 12mo, 75 cents; by mail, 83 cents. The two essays on women in this volume, "The Mannerless Sex" and "The Ruthless Sex," and one of those on men, "The Brutal Sex," with "Our Dreadful American Manners," have appeared in the North American Review. Two others on men "The Vulgar Sex" and "The Brutal Sex," and "The Presumption of Sex," are new and are in the same vein. THE RENAISSANCE, The revival of learning and art in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. By Philip Schaff, D. D., LL. D., Professor of Church History, Union Theological Seminary, New York. 132 pp. 8vo, $1.10; by mail, $1.22. This is a series of thirty brief papers upon various points and aspects of the Renaissance. The papers are very largely personal or semi-biographic sketches of persons engaged for the most part in the literary and scholarly movement of the Renaissance, though the art development is not overlooked. The papers are popular in character, and do not attempt a profound study of the period nor a critical or philosophical analysis of the Renaissance. For critical or learned readers abundant references, citation and indication of authorities are introduced. The general reader will enjoy the book the more for their being out of the text. N. Y. Independent. FICTION. A CAPILLARY CRIME, AND OTHER STORIES. By F. D. Millet. With illustration. 284 pp. 12mo, 90 cents; by mail, $1.02. These are able stories. Every one of them is marked by a high degree of ingenuity in theme and in general treatment. There is much imagination in them, and they are brilliantly told. The author is contented only when he has hit upon a strange theme. It may be mechanical or psychological, but it is bound to be peculiar. The "capillary crime" is brought about, surprisingly enough, by the combination of a great storm and an artist's manikin. It is remarkable how many sharp glimpses of curious and interesting things Mr. Millet's skill is able to afford to us in a tale so brief and so compact as this. Mr. Millet tells strong stories as well as strange We recommend them to all lovers of striking imaginative work. N. Y. Sun. A COLONY OF GIRLS. A Novel. By Kate Livingston Willard, author of "An Awakening," etc. 267 pp. 12mo, 75 cents; by mail, 86 cents; paper, 40 cents; by mail, 47 cents. A story of American life at the seaside, in which a coast survey schooner arrives at a village where a family of girls lives, and love-making follows and runs to a happy ending. A DAY AT LAGUERRE'S AND OTHER DAYS. BEING nine sketches by F. Hopkinson Smith. 191 pp. 12mo, 90 cents; by mail, 99 cents. Frank Hopkinson Smith, creator of the now famous "Colonel Carter, of Cartersville," has, within a year of two, found time, in spite of much engineering, building, drawing, painting, reading, dining and other industries, to write a lot of very good magazine sketches, which now reappear in a single volume. The scenes are as varied as the subjects. Some are on the canals of Venice, others beside the waters of the Bronx, within the limits of New York city; still others are in the capital of Bulgaria, where the author had some strange experiences. There are also some bits of Constantinople and of Cordova, and the rougher end of Long Island Sound, after having held the reader's eye half an hour, yields place to forlorn little village in the "tidewater" wastes of Virginia. Mechanically the book is quite as original as its contents. The titles of the stories are given on each page as "side heads" instead of in the usual manner; there are black letter initials, the title page, in red, has a mediaeval looking border in black and white, and the cover is of gray linen, with antique lettering. N. Y. Herald A FELLOWE AND HIS WIFE. By Blanche Willis Howard and William Sharp. 255 pp. 12mo, 90 cents; by mail, $1.01. See review. A FLORIDA ENCHANTMENT. A novel. By Archibald Clavering Gunter, author of "Mr. Barnes, of New York," "Mr. Potter, of Texas," "That Frenchman," "Miss Nobody of Nowhere," etc., and Fergus Hume. 260 pp. 12mo, 75 cents; by mail, 86 cents. A HUMAN DOCUMENT. By W. H. Mallock, author of "Is Life Worth Living?" "A Romance of the Nineteenth Century," etc. 261 pp. Cassell's Sunshine series. 12mo, paper, 40 cents; by mail, 42 cents. In the introduction there is a statement that Marie Bashkirtseff's journal ought not to be estimated as a "human document," because her experiences had limitations. A manuscript is then discussed, and a woman's purpose to carry an imaginary Marie through the perilous episodes of life and thus demonstrate her deficiencies, resolves itself into a personal history which conceals the identity of the narrator by fictitious names and changed scene. Hence an unconventional story in which a married woman loses sight of moral obligation. Publisher's Weekly. A MEMBER OF THE THIRD HOUSE. A Dramatic Story. By Hamlin Garland, author of "Main-Travelled Roads," "A Spoil of Office," etc. The Ariel Library. 239 pp. 12mo, paper, 45 cents; by mail, 47 cents. Hamlin Garland's latest book has the merit peculiar to this author's work, of telling a story of actual occurrences in straight-forward style, without any exaggeration or romancing, although there is a color of the romance which can be found somewhere among the affairs of any half dozen men who may be found together. The scene may be Albany, Harrisburg or any other State capital, and the leading characters are a capitalist, who needs legislative assistance, "a scholar in politics," a Senator, who is weak and strong by turns, and a man who handles the lobby, and through it the Legislature, in the interest of the capitalist. There are also two girls, one of whom is interesting through her sense and the other through her foolishness, some "striking" legislators and others of that sort. The descriptive passages are very good and not over colored. It is a very strong story. N. Y. Herald. A PRINCESS OF THULE. By William Black. New and revised edition. 480 pp. 12mo, 75 cents; by mail, 88 cents. This is one of Mr. Black's sweetest stories. Publisher's Circular. A WINDOW IN THRUMS. By J. M. Barrie. Once a Week Library. 144 pp. 16mo, paper, 25 cents, postpaid. AN AUTHOR'S LOVE. Being the Unpublished Letters of Prosper Merimee's "Inconnue." New edition. 336 pp. 12mo, 75 cents; by mail, 88 cents. A new edition of the "reply" to Prosper Merimee's famous "Lettres a une Inconnue." CORINTHIA MARAZION. A Novel. By Cecil Griffith (Mrs. S. Beckett), author of "Victory Dane," "Nor Love, Nor Lands," etc. Lippincott's Series of Select Novels. 382 pp. 12mo, 60 cents; by mail, 75 cents; paper, 40 cents; by mail, 42 cents. Corinthia, Corinth, or Cora Marazion, is a handsome young agnostic with whom sundry persons are supposed to be in love. Another young agnostic of the masculine gender, who conceals his views for worldly reasons, had been engaged to her at the instance of his father, but he throws her over for the sake of an heiress. Corinthia is compromised by having to spend a night on an island in the company of an orthodox clergyman, whom she subsequently marries, without precisely loving him. In fact, she loves a most eligible young man, whose mother had treated her badly after the adventure on the island. The lady with the Greco-Cornish name is a fine and fairly consistent character. The plot of the story is not particularly elaborate; but it is well constructed, and cer- 418 BOOK NEWS. [Number 117 tainly above the average in interest. Many readers will remember the author's previous novel of "Victory Deane," which showed decided promise; and they will see in "Corinthia Marazion" much reason to lament her untimely death. Anthenaum. EDWARD BURTON, By Henry Wood, author of ethical and economic essays. Fourth edition. An idealistic and metaphysical tale. 299 pp. 12mo, paper, 40 cents; by mail, 50 cents. A reprint of a novel which appeared in 1890 and which endavors, according to the author's prefatory note, to show what can be done by an attempt at the "idealization of character," instead of working "upon conventional 'realistic' lines." The scene begins at Dartmouth College and runs through familiar American scenes. FIVE LITTLE PEPPERS GROWN UP. A sequel to "Five Little Peppers Midway." By Margaret Sidney, author of "An Adirondack Cabin, " "The Golden West," "What the Seven Did," "Rob; a Story for Boys." Illustrated by Mente. 527 pp. 12 mo, 90 cents; by mail, $1.05. A third volume in the delightful "Five Little Peppers" series. Tells of the boy's young manhood and Polly's sweet maidenhood, while Phronise, the pet of the household, is fast growing into a big girl. Polly insisted upon starting out as a music teacher, and not only succeeds in the technique of her work, but also in stimulating her young pupils to higher efforts. Philadelphia Press. FLORABEL'S LOVER ; OR, RIVAL BELLES. A Novel. By Laura Jean Libbey, author of "A Mad Betrothal," "Ione," "We parted at the Altar." With illustrations by F. A. Carter. The Choice Series. 357 pp. 12 mo, paper, 40 cents; by mail, 42 cents. Max Forrester, the son of wealth, marries Florabel Dean, the child of honest hard-working poverty, instead of Inez Clavering, the proud and beautiful daughter of wealth, who soliloquizes, "He loves her, but I will part them." FOLLY AND FRESH AIR. By Eden Phillpotts. 307 pp. 12 mo, 90 cents; by mail, $1.03. This is one of the books which are written about nothing in particular, but written well-books in which young women are not, and which young women therefore pronounce stupid, although middle-aged men find them so interesting that they read them over and over again and recommend them to their friends. A tired Englishman goes fishing down in Devonshire; he knows nothing about the country, and is equally ignorant of the ways of fish, but he and his friend, the Doctor, see and enjoy a great a great deal besides what they ostensibly are looking for, and whatever they chance upon is likely to remind them of something else, their experiences and reflections being agreeably mixed throughout the book. The narrative is suggestive of the styles of Jerome K. Jerome, "Phil" Robinson, and George Macdonald, there being much to laugh at well as a great deal to think about. It is just the book fr a man to put in his pocket when he is staring on a railway journey and in want of something to read which can be begun or dropped at almost any page. N. Y. Herald HAROLD. The Last of the Saxon Kings. By Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Bart. The Manhatten Library. 427 pp. 12 mo, paper, 35 cents; by mail, 37 cents. A reprint of Sir Edward's novel in type of fair size and from fresh plates. HIS BOLD EXPERIMENT. A thrilling realistic novel. By Henry Frank. 279 pp. 12 mo, paper, 45 cents; by mail, 47 cents. Relates the domestic life and spiritual struggle of a young clergyman in Kansas. It is clever in spots, but its naturalism is often offensive without being at all cleverly done. Philadelphia Press. I SAW THREE SHIPS, AND OTHER WINTER TALES. By "Q," author of "The Speldid Spur," Noughts and Crosses," "Astonishing History of Troy Town," "Dead Man's Rock," etc. 288 pp. Cassell's Sunshine Series. 12 mo, paper, 40 cents; by mail, 42 cents.420 BOOK NEWS. [Number 117 her shrill voice, and slang, and selfishness, is, unfortunately, hardly a caricature, and her matter-of-fact, unemotional daughter makes an amusing foil to her. Academy. THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN. By T. Love Peacock With frontispiece. Edited by Richard Garnett, LL.D. The Aldine edition. 159 pp. 12mo, 75 cents; by mail, 84 cents. As Miss Edith Nicholls remarks, in the Memoirs of her grandfather, Peacock's delightful Welsh romance was written to introduce translations of ancient Welsh poems and triads. Undoubtedly he romance is greatly enriched by the scenes in which Melvas and Arthur figure, while he particular end interview is further realized in the part played by Taliesin at the bardic Congress at Caerleon-on-Usk, presided over by Arthur. As to Peacock's treatment of the mystical birth of Taliesin, as set fort in the Mabinogiion, we are entirely an agreement with Dr. Garnett's commendation of it. Any supernatural explanation would have been tedious, if not superfluous. The story, as given by the editor from Lady Charlotte Guest's version, will satisfy the reader, who is also offered he opportunity of comparing literal versions of the original Welsh poems with Peacock's spirited lyrical translations. Saturday Review. THE MOTHER OF A MARQUISE AND THE AUNT'S STRATAGEM. Translated from the Original of Edmond About. By Mrs. Carlton A. Kingsbury, 222pp. Cassell's Sunshine series. 12mo, paper, 40 cents; by mail, 42 cents. THE OLD HARBOR TOWN. A Novel. Founded on Events of the War of 1776. By Augusta Campbell Watson. With frontispiece. 275 pp. 12mo, paper, 40 cents, by mail, 47 cents. THE POSTHUMOUS PAPERS OF THE PICKWICK CLUB. By Charles Dickens. A reprint of the first edition, with the illustrations, and an introduction, biogrraphical and bibliographical, by Charles Dickens the Younger, 758 pp. 12mo, 75 cents; by mail, 92 cents. A reprint of the jubilee edition issued in 1886 on the semicentennial of the first issue with reproductions of the original illustrations. THE QUALITY OF MERCY. A novel. By W.D. Howells, author of "An Imperative Duty," "Annie Kilburn," "A Hazard of New Fortunes," etc. 474 pp. 12mo, $1.10, by mail, $1.23. See review. THE SCARLET LETTER. A romance. By Nathaniel Hawthorne. 348 pp 16mo,, 25 cents; by mail, 33 cents. THE SCARLET LETTER. By Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of "Twice Told Tales," "Grandfather's Chair," etc. 312 pp. 12mo, 75 cents, by mail, 88 cents. An issue of a novel whose copyright has just expired. THE SCARLET LETTER. By Nathaniel Hawthorne. Universal editiion. 312 pp. 12mo, 40 cents; by mail, 48 cents. Salem edition. 298 pp. paper, 10 cents; by mail, 14 cents. THE SOUL OF LILITH. By Marie Corelli, author of "A Romance of Two Worlds," "Ardath," "Thelma." "Vendetta." "Wormwood," a Drama of Paris," etc. 356 pp. 12mo, 90 cents; by mail, $1.03. This novel, whose author is to be a daughter of Charles Mackey, has in it an Eastern sage, Er-Rami, who does most but not all the oracular talking. The scene is laid in London, and a theosophical basis underlies the action. THE STORY OF ELIZABETH. A novel. By Mrs. Thackery. Peterson's series of choice fiction. 224 pp. 12mo, paper, 20 cents, by mail, 22 cents. THE STORY OF PHILIP METHUEN. By Mrs. J.H. Needell, author of "Stephen Ellicott's Daughter," etc. 377 pp. Appleton's Town and Country Library. 12mo, 75 cents; by mail, 87 cents; paper, 40 cents, by mail, 42 cents. While but a variation of a familiar theme,in the handling thisis an exceptional novel. The heroine is admirably drawn, albeit at the end there is contradiction between her tragic grief and the ease with which she puts away her widow's weeds. Philadelphia Press. THE SOR OF THE GLITTERING PLAIN, WHICH HAS BEEN ALSO CALLED THE LAND OF THE LIVING MEN OR THE ACRE OF THE UNDYING. Written by William Morris. 220 pp. 12mo, $1.10; by mail, $1.22. An edition of Mr. William Morris' poem in ordinary type. THE THREE FATES. By F. Marion Crawford, author of "Mr. Isaacs," "Dr. Claudius," "Saracinesca, etc. 412 pp. 12mo, 75 cents;; by mail, 89 cents. The story dwells scarcely at all upon the characteristics which are peculiar t this city or its people. It might b set in London as well. Still its atmosphere is Anglo-Saxon and familiar, and it is in surprising contrast to those tales of foreign imagination which it has been Mr. Crawford's custom to afford. Something in the nature of a disappointment may lie in the mere fact of the surprise, and in the fact of the familiar setting something of depreciation; we are inclined to think, however, that this new story is absolutely less flattering to the imagination and literary skill of its author than those strange tales from afar which we recall in a general way as being variously beautiful and regardless. Not only do we, remote and unfamiliar as we are, prefer such a story as "Khaled," that splendid picture of splendid scenes in the desert and the heavens of Arabia, but we are morally certain that an Arab would prefer it. "The Three Fates" is, however, a well written and interesting novel. N.Y. Sun. THE TREASURE TOWER. A story of Malta. By Virginia W. Johnson, 223 pp. The Globe Library. 12mo, paper, 20 cents; by mail, 22 cents. THE WELL-SPRING OF IMMORTALITY. A Tale of Indian Life. By S.S. Hewlett, author of "Daughters of the King," and "None Self and All of Thee," Illustrated. 223 pp. 12mo, $1.15; by mail $1.30. A story of life at Amritsar, in Northern India, into which is woven an account of missionary effort. THE WRONG THAT WAS DONE. By F.W. Robinson, author of "Our Erring Brother," "A Very Strange Family," etc. 467 p.12mo, 75 cents; by mail 89 cents. An autobiographical novel told by the heroine, Deborah Reisdale, who, with a murder, an elderly lover accused of it, and other twisted strands help to make an intricate plot. The scenes are laid in current English life, with Australia in the background. TALES OF A TIME AND PLACE. By Grace King. 303 pp. 12mo, 90 cents; by mail, $1.02. Five stories, whose scene is laid in New Orleans, "Bayou l'Ombre," "Bonne Maman," "Madrileni, "The Christmas Story of a Little Church," and "In the French Quarter." TATTERS. A novel. By Beulah author of "Zarailla," "Dramas," "Echo Pearl of Mexico," "The Two," etc. With portrait of author. 311 pp. Good Company series. 12mo, paper, 45 cents; by mail, 47 cents. A novel of English life written in this country, and introducing "Zouaves" into the English Army. THEO. WADDINGTON. A novel. By Julian Wyndham. 292 pp. 12mo, paper, 45 cents, by mail, 47 cents. A romance dealing with the career of a young girl, the daughter of a Presbyterian clergyman in a small town in Southeastern Pennsylvania, who visits in New York city and loses her religious faith there and finds a lover. The incidents of the story are not remarkable, and of the style of the writing it is needless to speak. Philadelphia Press. VAN BIBBER AND OTHERS. By Richard Harding Davis, author of "Gallegher," and other stories, "Stories for Boys, etc. 249 pp. 12mo, 75 cents by mail, 87 cents. Fifteen of Mr. Richard Harding Davis' very cleverly written short stories. Among them are "Her First Appearance," "An Unfinished Story," and the recent adventure of "Eleanore Cuylei." Mr. Davis does all his work admirably well, with that self-restraint which is as sure a test of the literary artist as his use of language. Philadelphia Press. [May, 1892.] BOOK NEWS. 421 MISCELLANEOUS. A HISTORY OF EPIDEMICS IN BRITAIN FROM A.D. 664 TO THE EXTINCTION OF THE PLAGUE. By Charles Creighton. M.A., M.D. 706 pp. Indexed. 8vo, $4.05; by mail, $4.29. Instead of arranging this account as a series of annals, an attempt has been made to construct from the greater events of sickness in the national annals a systematic history that would touch and connect with general history and supplement it. The work begins with Bede's reference to a plague which is connected with the Justinian plague. A TREATISE ON SURVEYING. Comprising the Theory and Practice. By William M. Gillespie, LL.D. Revised and enlarged by Cady Staley, Ph.D. 549 pp.. With analytical table of contents and appendix of Traverse Tables; or, Latitudes and Departures of Courses calculated to Three Decimal places; for each quarter degree of bearing. 8vo, $2.60; by mail, $2.85. This volume includes in one volume, "Land Surveying" and "Leveling and Higher Surveying." The former was first published in 1851 and repeatedly revised by its author, Prof. Gillespie. The latter he left unfinished, but it was issued by the editor, Mr. Staley, in 1870. The two volumes are now revised and united. AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE. Studies by Montgomery Schuyler. With illustrations. 211 pp. Crown 8vo, stamped leather $1.90, by mail $2.09. See review. AMERICAN LEADS AT WHIST. "Cavendish" Vest-pocket manuals. 24 pp. 32mo, paper, 12 cents; by mail, 14 cents. A very brief vest-pocket statement of rules for American or long-hand leads in whist. DELSARTEAN PHYSICAL CULTURE. With Principles of the Universal Formula. By Carrica Le Favrfe, author of "Mother's Help and Child's Friend," "Correct Dress," etc. 108 pp. 12mo, 60 cents, by mail, 69 cents. Nineteen lessons with questions and exercises, explaining the theory and use of the system of Delsarte. DINNERS IN MINIATURE. By Ethel Earl. Reprinted from The Queen, 141 pp. 12mo, 75 cents, by mail, 83 cents. Directions for giving small dinners daintily by people of small incomes (L400 to L1000) based on English practice and markets, with receipts culled from the Queen. HAND-BOOK OF GREEK ARCHAEOLOGY. Vases, Bronzes, Gems, Sculpture, Terra-Cottas, Mural Paintings, Architecture, etc. By A.S.. Murray, LL.D., F.S.A. With numerous illustrations. 483 pp. Indexed. 12mo, $4.50; by mail $4.67. A book that fills a place never before adequately occupied by any work upon the subject. The opening chapter treats of the primitive condition of artistic industries in Greece down to the stage at which the various arts began to assume a distinct and independent position. From that point the history of each art is separately traced, an excellent feature of the plan, as by so doing the growth and development of one branch is more easily followed and remembered than by taking them all collectively in successive periods. More space is allotted by the author to the subject of painting than even to sculpture, the author believing that while the latter form of art has been exhaustively treated, painting has not received the attention it deserves. The volume contains nearly 150 illustrations, some of which - examples of ancient Greek vases - are colored. Boston Transcript. HANDBOOK OF SCHOOL GYMNASTICS OF THE SWEDISH SYSTEM. With 100 consecutive tables of exercises and an appendix of classified movements. With illustrations. By Baron Nils Posse, M.G.,, graduate of the Royal Gymnastic Central Institute, Sweden. 192 pp. 16mo, 50 cents; by mail, 57 cents. This book is intended as a manual of exercises to accompany "The Swedish System of Educational Gymnastics," by the same author. This handbook is in two parts, first describing the movements, and then giving exercises in whic they are to be used. HOW TO GET MARRIED. ALTHOUGH A WOMAN; OR, THE ART OF PLEASING MEN. By "A Young Widow," 144 pp. he Peerless Series. 12mo, paper, 25 cents, postpaid. IMPERIAL DEFENCE. By the Right Honorable Sir Charles Wentworth Dilke, Bart., author of "Greater Britain" and "Problems of Greater Britain, " and Spenser Wilkinson, auhor of "Citizen Soldiers," and "The Brain of an Army." 234 pp. 12mo, 90 cents; by maill $1.03. One can well fancy the surprise, not unmingled with scorn, with which War office chiefs and the Major Generals and Colonels at the Senior United will view a book on military defences by a couple of civilian writers. Nevertheless it may be hazarded that writers of the caliber of Sir C Dilke and Mr. Spenser Wilkinson have not put their heads and pens together to produce a work to be lightly passed over. The subject, moreover, is one which every English patriot must have at heart, namely, the preparedness of the British Empire to meet a war. To be forwarded is to be forearmed, says the proverb wihh which may be coupled the ancient adage, si vis pacem, para bellum. The strength of England is, admittedly, the strength of her navy and her continued command of the sea, and with this important point the volume begins and continues through nearly half its length. Then comes the subject of India, and possible - perhaps proximately probable - war with Russia, and the consequently imperative necessity of placing the Northwest frontier in a state of preparation to resist the attack. Other chapters deal with the management of the army, the appointment of Commander-in-Chief, the time of service and pay of the soldier, and kindred questions. London Booksellers ON SEATS AND SADDLES. Bits and Bitting and the Prevention of Cure of Restiveness in Horses. By Francis Dwyer, Major of Hussars in the Imperial Austrian Service. From the fourth English edition. With frontispiece, portrait and illustrations. 307 pp. Indexed. 12mo, $1.10; by mail $1.23. A new and enlarged edition of Dwyer's "Seats and Saddles." The author, in spite of his name and an honest Irish face, was long a major of hussars in the Austrian service, and his book, which began years ago as a thin volume, has been enlarged from time to time until now it exceeds three hundred pages. It is full of "horse sense," and should be of great service to men who would teach themselves to ride well even on a strange horse. N.Y. Herald. MANUAL OF MUSICAL HISTORY. With 129 illustrations of portraits, musical instruments, and fac-similes of rare and curious works. By James E. Matthew, author of "A Popular History of Music," 462 pp. 12mo, $2.40; by mail $2.62. We have every praise for this excellent work. The matter is well arranged, he style clear and concise, and the illustrations are such as give point and traditional interest to the text. At the end of each chapter the author has added a bibliography, with a view to assisting those who may desire to pursue the investigation of the subject more fully. The book possesses the further recommendation of being particularly well printed and bound. Publishers' Circular. MARRIAGE AND DISEASE. A Study of Heredity and the more Important fAmily Degenerations. By S. A. K. Strahan, M.C. Barrister-at-Law. 326 pp. Indexed. 12mo, 90 cents, by mail, $1.02. See review. POLITICAL PAMPHLETS. Edted by George Saintsbury. 303 pp. 16mo, 75 cents; by mail, 83 cents. Mr. George Saintsbury has prepared his collection with a brief account of political pamphets in England after a free electorate was developed and before the newspaper appeared. His selection includes Lord Halifax's "Letter to a Dissenter." "Defoe''s Shortest Way with the Dissenters," "Swift's Drapier Letters," "Burke's Second Letter on a Regicide Peace," Sydney Smith's "Peter Plymley's Letters," Cobbett's "Letter to Jack Harrow," and Sir Walter Scott's "First Letter to Malachi Malagrowther."422 BOOK NEWS. RASSELAS. Prince of Abyssinia. By Samuel Johnson, LL.D. Knickerbocker Nuggets. With frontispiece. 243 pp. 16 mo., 75 cents; by mail, 82 cents. A beautiful edition of a story whose compass is admirably suited to the size of this series. THE CITIZEN OF THE WORLD. By Oliver Goldsmith. Edited by Austin Dobson. With etchings by Herbert Railton. In two volumes. The Temple Library. 257-299 pp. 12 mo $3.00; by mail, $3-16. A beautifully printed edition illustrated by etchings of the buildings and places associated with Goldsmith. THE HOUSE COMFORTABLE. By Agnes Bailey Ormsbee, 232 pp. 16 mo., 75 cents; by mail, 84 cents. An admirable little book that should be read by every young housekeeper, and in which even some older housekeepers will find helpful suggestions. Mrs. Ormsbee starts with the principle that to make a comfortable house it is necessary to keep in mind the ends for which a house is established; that those parts of the house that most affect the daily health and happiness of the inmates ought be equipped first and most completely,and that in all furnishing beauty must grow out of usefulness and comfort. She begins, therefore, with the kitchen, the dining room and the sleeping rooms, and proceeds methodically through the house, from cellar to attic and from floor to ceiling, considering what is needed fist and what may be added afterwards, with sound, practical knowledge and good taste. Perhaps Mrs. Ormsbee is not always very robust on the purely aesthetic side, but not many of her readers will recognize that, and her book is uncommonly sensible and useful. Philadelphia Times. THE KORAN. Commonly called the Alkoran of Mohammed. Translated into English from the original Arabic, with explanatory notes taken from he most approved commentators. To which is prefixed a preliminary discourse by George Sale. Sir John Lubbock's Hundred Books. 470 pp. Indexed. 12 mo, 90 cents, by mail, $1.02. A reprint of a translation still valuable without additions or explanation. THE PRACTICAL ANGLER. How, Where and When to catch fish. By Kit Clarke, author of "Where the Trout Hide," etc. Giving a description of American game fish caught with hook and line, methods of capture, their habits and haunts, and all requisite information whereby the novice can acquire the art, and enjoy he delightful recreation of going a-fishing. Illustrated 204 pp. 16 mo, paper, 40 cents; by mail, 47 cents. In Mr. Kit Clarke's treatise on how, when and where to catch fish, the author gives a description of American game fish caught with hook and line, their habits and haunts, methods of capture, etc., with numerous illustrations. The volume comes at a seasonable time, and will be found of service by those whose angling education has been neglected. Boston Transcript. THE QUESTION OF SILVER. Comprising a brief summary of legislation in the United States, together with a practical analysis of the present situation, and of the arguments of the advocates of unlimited silver coinage. By Louis R. Ehrich, of Colorado. Questions of the Day series., 115 pp. Indexed. 12mo, 60 cents; by mail, 68 cents. While Mr. Ehrich is essentially a business man, he is also a careful and industrious student, and understands as thoroughly the theoretic science of his subject as he understands its practical bearings. Classified by economic theory, Mr. Ehrich must be placed with he bimetallists. He avows that he is one, and he accepts the authority of Ernest Seyd, of Prof. Walker,, and of Cernuschi. He regards gold as affording too slight a basis for the exchanges of the world, and he believes apparently, that there is a way by which gold can be helped out by silver, through international agreement, though we do not find in his little book any distinct statement of the terms of the agreement that can bring this about. What Mr. Ehrich presents to the country is, therefore, the earnest and reasoned protest of a Colorado bimetallist interested in silver mines against free, unlimited, and independent coinage of silver. Clearly, if he had nothing new to say, if he only adopted the arguments well enough known against free coinage, his work would be valuable. N.Y, Times THE RESCUE OF AN OLD PLACE. By Mary Caroline Robbins. 289 pp. 12mo, 90 cents; by mail, $1.01. An account of the author's work in he restoration to usefulness and beauty of an abandoned Massachusetts farm. It is full of valuable suggestion, gracefully written and interesting to read. THE SILVER SITUATION IN THE UNITED STATES. By F.W. Taussig, LL.B., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Political Economy in Harvard University Publications of the American Economic Association. 188pp, 12mo, 75 cents, postpaid. A plea against free silver coinage prepared in Colorado Springs in December, 1891, published in the Colorado Springs Gazette, with an answer to the criticism this plea provoked in a community where current sentiment favors free silver. THE TAROT OF THE BOHEMIANS. The Most Ancient Book in the World. For the exclusive use of initiates. By Papus. Illustrated. 351 pp. 12mo, $2.25; by mail, $2.40. "The Tarot of the Bohemians: is a pretentious book, containing charts, many variatiions of abracadabra, endless diagrams, geometrical figures, algebraic formulae, and Hebrew characters. Papus, who has concocted the farrago, takes the balderdash, past and present, and mixes it up in an incomprehensible manner. "The explanation of the lofty philosophy and science of ancient Egypt," Papus declares, is to be found in this book. Then the reader ought to look grave and be prepared for a flight to the highest realms of ancient wisdom, for he might become intimate with Thoth Hermes, but he is at once let down, when in the next sentence he reads, "while ladies are enabled to practice the use of the divining Tarot." What is the pack of Tarot? Those who have wasted their time in reading prefaces to modern Hoyles will see that Tarot is the oldest form of cards, and made up of seventy-eight cards. In benighted portions of Europe there is still a game of cards called Tarot. Papus makes out that the Tarot pack is Babylonian, and explains it as having a Semitic origin. The volume treats of cartomancy, and the rules for forcing the hand of fate, laid down according to he laws of Agrippa, Adhemar, Blavatsky, Fabre d'Olivet, Merlin, Paracelsus, Zetzirato, Wronski, and many other dreadful humbugs. A book of this charactger is not intended, so says Papus, for "lawyers or grocers," but for the elect, those who alone bask in the spiritual light of the Cabala. We can, then, recommend Papus to those who are signal failures in foretelling events by means of coffee grounds. N.Y. Times. THREE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-SIX DINNERS. Suggested by M.E.N. 186 pp. 16mo, 90 cents, by mail, 98 cents. A little book which should become a comfort to housekeepers who are at their wits' end to change the family menu. Each dinner is in five courses - soup, fish, entree, roast and dessert, with vegetables to accompany the meats. The preface contains some instructions about setting the table, and under each date is a sentiment by some one who had experience in dining. None of the dinners suggested are elaborate or expensive, and the dishes and combinations should interest many who would omit certain courses. N.Y. Herald. TRIBUTES TO SHAKESPEARE. Collected and arranged by Mary R. Silsby. 246pp, 12mo, 90 cents; by mail,, $1.00. The editor of this little book explains that for several years it was her custom to preserve every poem addressed to Shakespeare or inspired by his genius or personality. These ranged in date from 1595 to 1891, and the book contains one hundred and thirty of them. The contemporary poems have been arranged chronologically and given the place of honor, and an effort as also been made to give a like ar- May, 1892.] BOOK NEWS 423 rangement to the modern poems. Among the modern authors who have been given a place are Longfellow, Emerson, Holmes, Bayard TAylor,, Stoddard, Gilder, Aldrich and others, and he poetic wreath which has thus been woven is fragrant and beautiful. Philadelphia Record. WILLIAM TELL. By Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller. Translated by Samuel Robinson, 180pp. Sir John Luibbock's Hundred Books, 12mo, 45 cents; by mail, 54 cents. This is a reprint of the first English translation of "William Tell" first published in 1825 and revised in 1834. WOOD NOTES WILD Notations of Bird Music. By Simeon Pease Cheney, author of the "American Singing Book" Collected and arranged with appendix,, notes, bibliiography, and general index. By John Vance Cheney, author of "The Golden Guess" (Essays on Poetry), "Thistledrift" (Poems), "Wood Blooms" (Poems, etc. with frontispiece portrait. 261pp. Indexed, 12mo. $1.50; by mail, $1.64. SOCIAL SCIENCE SERIES. COMMERCIAL CRISES OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY,By H.M. 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How far this course would prove successful we are scarcely prepared to say, but as Mr. Hyndman predicts that another commercial crisis is approaching; worse than an that has gone before, the matter would seem to demand urgency of treatment. Publisher's Circular. ILLEGITIMACY AND THE INFLUENCE OF SEASONS UPON CONDUCT. Two Studies in Demography. By Albet Leffingwell, M.D. Member of the International Congress of Hygiene and Demography. With maps and diagrams. 160 pp. 12mo, 75 cents; by mail, 85 cents. See review. PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL ECONOMY. By Yves Guyot, Minister of Public Works and Hon. Member of the Cobden Club. 305 pp. Indexed. 12mo, 94 cents; by mail $1.07. THE CONDITION OF THE WORKING-CLASS IN ENGLAND IN 1844. With preface written in 1892 by Frederick Engels. Translated by Florence Keeley Wischnewetzky. 300pp. Indexed. 12mo. 94 cents; by mail, $1.06. A republication of the translation by Mrs. Florence Kelley Wischnewetzky and published in New York in 1885; but the preface to the American edition discussing the American working class movement is replaced by the original preface, which argues that the ameliorations in the workingman's lot since 1845, have not relieved him from the root of all evil, he capitalistic system. THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF SOCIAL DEMOCRACY. Being a supplement to "The Quintessence of Socialism: By Dr. A. Schaffle. Authorized English edition. With a preface by Bernard Bosanquet, M.A., formerly Fellow of University College Oxford. Social Science series. 419 pp., 12 mo., 90 cents, by mail, $1.04. The object of this volume is to prove that social democracy, as a practicable programme of a new order of society, is totally impossible, ,and that improvement of the existing condition of affairs can only come about by a course of progressive social reform. The author reviews the situation in a treatise of exceptional ability, though practically his remarks are directed rather against the theory of social equality than against social democracy, seeing that with most of the views on industrial matters advocated by the social democrats he is apparently in accord. The book has been translated from the fourth German edition by A.C. Morant. Publishers' Circular. THE STATE AND PENSIONS IN OLD AGE. By J.A.: Spender, M.A. (Oxon) With an introduction by Arthur H.D. Acland,, M.P. 165 pp. 12mo, 75 cents, by mail, 85 cents. The object of this volume is rather to suggest lines of inquiry than to propose any particular policy. The subject is yet, so to speak, in its infancy and requires much more investigation before a definite form of treatment can be applied.. The author therefore contents himself with supplying the material for judgment, and leaves to his readers the task of drawing a conclusion. In chapters successively treating of the life of the poor in old age, ,wage-earning capacity in old age, the resources of age, the aged, and the poor law, the German law of insurance, French, Danish, and Italian schemes, and various financial and economic considerations, he very clearly and thoroughly dissects the subject and points out where the chief difficulties lie. The book forms a highly interesting exposition of the question. Publishers' Circular LECTURES AND DISCUSSIONS BEFORE HE BROOKLYN ETHICAL ASSOCIATION. THE DUTY OF A PUBLIC SPIRIT. By E. Benjamin Andrews, LL.D., President of Brown University. Man in the State; Studies in Applied Sociology. Evolution Series, No. 18. 19 pp. 12mo, paper, 8 cents; by mail, 10 cents. THE STUDY OF APPLIED SOCIOLOGY. By Robert G. Eccles, M.D., author of "The Evolution of Mind," etc. Man and the State; Studies in Applied Sociology. Evolution Series, No. 19, 52 pp. 12mo, paper, 8 cents;; by mail, 10 cents. REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT. By Edwin D. 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Sir Frederick Pollock, Bart. HARPER AND BROTHERS: Letters of Samuel Johnson, LL. D. Collected and edited by George Birkbeck Hill, D. C. L. A Voyage of Discovery. A Novel of American Society. By Hamilton Aide. The Technique of Rest. By Anna C. Brackett. The Heresy of Mehetabel Clark. By Annie Trumbull Slosson. Flying Hill Farm. By Sophie Swett. Illustrated. In Silk Attire. A Novel. By William Black. New and revised edition. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PORTRAIT (detached): Ella Wheeler Wilcox. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH: Ella Wheeler Wilcox, 392. MISCELLANY: Notes from Boston, 387. With the New Books, 389. Paul Heyse, 391. Daniel L. Dawson, 393. To Licinius, 407. When Birds Were Songless, 407. Epigrams, 407. Lazing, 424. REVIEWS: Family Degenerations, 394. Tennyson's New Drama, "The Foresters," 394. Potiphar's Wife and Other Poems, 395. Balzac's Biography, 395. Renan's "Detached Leaves," 396. A Collaborated Novel, "A Fellowe and His Wife," 397. Indika, 397. Mr. Whymper's "Andes," 399. The Discovery of America, 399. American Architecture, 402. The Quality of Mercy. A Novel. 403. Two Studies in Demography, 403. The Orphan of the Temple, 404. NOTES, 404. ASKED AND ANSWERED, 406. OBITUARY, 408. DESCRIPTIVE PRICE-LIST OF NEW BOOKS, 409. BOOKS ANNOUNCED, 424. BOOKS RECEIVED, 424. LAZING. Give me a day, let business right itself, Give me one day to drift in idleness Along the shores of dreamland. Let me build My castles in the air and dwell in them A space, while yet the happy May-winds blow. The oriole is come, and in the thorn Among the greening buds the catbird sings; The fields are sweet, and in the sky is set A tranquil glory. Let me go and lie Upon the grass while happy May winds blow. I'd rather rest to-day than be a king, For what are kings but slaves with golden chains? Talk not of work, this is too sweet a day To bow one's neck and tamely take the yoke, And I will not, while happy May-winds blow. This is the month of wooing; let me sit Close hand in hand with Nature, as a man, Being deep in love, would sit beside a maid, And ask for rest as lovers ask for love, In tender whispers, while the May-winds blow. And if I fall asleep in Nature's arms, Like any lover in the arms of love, Let no one passing by awaken me, For only once, in all the rolling year, Comes holiday while happy May-winds blow. From "Poems," by Maurice Thompson. May, 1892.] BOOK NEWS. xi WALT WHITMAN'S LEAVES OF GRASS. New Complete Edition, comprising all the Author's Poetical Works to date, 1892. Contains every page, line and word, attempted to be officially suppressed by Attorney-General Marston, of Massachusetts; District Attorney Stevens, of Boston, and (until countermanded by the Government) excluded from the mails. 1 volume, crown octavo, gilt top, uncut edges, $2. Sent postpaid to any address on receipt of price. DAVID McKAY, Publisher, 23 South Ninth Street, Philadelphia. Send for Catalogue free. Hot Weather Dishes What a talking title! Yes, but the title is not all. Think of the comfort of having your meals mapped out for you at a time when thinking itself is a task. To many a housekeeper it is a bore and trial to know what to drum up for meals in hot weather--yet it must be done--for men and children will eat. No doubt of that. Then welcome this little book, and save yourself all you can. In paper covers, 40 cents; cloth, 75 cents. By mail; we pay postage. ARNOLD & COMPANY, 420 Library Street, Philadelphia. Sold by JOHN WANAMAKER. Provident Life and Trust Co. of Philadelphia 409 Chestnut Street. In form of policy; prompt settlement of death claims; equitable dealing with policy-holders; in strength of organization; and in everything which contributes to the security and cheapness of Life Insurance, the Provident stands unrivaled.xii BOOK NEWS. Number 117 Special. Just the thing for beginners. Mandolin...$10.00 12 Strips, Mahogany Neck. Guitar...$10.00 Solid Mahogany, Patent Head. Banjo...$10.00 German Silver Rim, Hexagon Nuts. All fully warranted. Sent to C. O. D. to any address on approval. Send for our complete Catalogue. Find Strings a specialty. Band and Orchestra Music. F. H. Griffith & Co., 1102 Chestnut Street. Now Ready. Special Issues in Paper Covers at 50 cents. Murvale Eastman. By A. W. TOURGEE. Norwood. By H. W. BEECHER. Rifle, Rod and Gun in California. A Sporting Romance. By T. S. VAN DYKE. Juggernaut: A Veiled Record. By GEO. CARY EGGLESTON and DOLORES MARBOURG. Romances and Realities. By AMELIA E. BARR. IN CLOTH BINDINGS. Four Hundred Years of American History [1492 to 1892]. By Prof. J. H. PATTON. 2 vols., cloth, $5.00. A Book of Prayer. By H. W. BEECHER. From Ellinwood's unpublished notes. Cloth, 75 cents; cloth gilt, $1.00. Typical Tales from Shakespeare. Edited by Prof. ROBERT R. RAYMOND. Illustrated. School Edition, $1.20. FORDS, HOWARD & HULBERT, New York English Writers. An attempt towards a history of English Literature. By HENRY MORLEY, LL. D., Emeritus Professor of English Language and Literature at University College, London. Just Ready, Volume VIII. From Surrey to Spenser. Price per vol., green vellum cloth, gilt top, $1.50. Recollections and Letters of Ernest Renan. Translated from the French by ISABEL F. HAPGOOD One vol., 12mo, extra cloth, gilt top, $1.50. "An important volume."--Boston Times. "A large range of subjects...treated with Renan's unfailing freshness of description and thought."--Brooklyn Eagle. "Abundant food for thought."--Boston Saturday Evening Gazette. "As a sort of a sequel to the Souvenirs d'Enfance this compilation is in its way equally delightful."--New York World. A MANUAL OF THE TOILET. My Lady's Dressing Room. Adapted from the French of the BARONNE STAFFE. With an Introduction and Notes by HARRIET HUBBARD AYER. With Portrait. Chaste and beautiful binding, gilt top, 1 vol., 12mo, $1.50. "Should have its place upon every toilet table."--Boston Beacon. "Commends itself to the attention of every woman who is ambitious to appear at her best."--Boston Saturday Evening Gazette. "INFINITE RICHES IN A LITTLE ROOM." CASSELL'S Complete Pocket Guide to Europe Edition for 1892. Edited by E. C. STEDMAN. One vol., leather binding, price, $1.50. "Altogether the best of the kind published."--Philadelphia Bulletin. "The work of experts in guide-book literature."--Boston Journal. New Volumes in Cassell's Sunshine Series. Cloth, 75 cents. Paper, 50 cents. A HUMAN DOCUMENT. A Novel. By W. H. Mallock, author of "Is Life Worth Living?" etc. LUMEN. Experiences in the Infinite. By CAMILLE FLAMMARION, author of "Uranie," etc. Translated by Mary J. Serrano. MRS. LESLIE and MRS. LENNOX. A Novel. By * * * FOR SALE BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. CASSELL PUBLISHING COMPANY, 104 and 106 Fourth Ave. NEW YORK. May, 1892.] BOOK NEWS. xiii Our Latest Books. Sense and Sensibility. By JANE AUSTEN. 2 vols. 16mo. 1/2 ruby morocco, gilt top, $2.50. Limited 8vo. Edition de Luxe, russet cloth, in full sets only, by subscription, $22.00 per set of 11 volumes. This is the first of our new series, to be complete in eleven volumes, meant to fill the need of a good American library edition. The Wings of Icarus. And Other Poems. By SUSAN MARR SPAULDING. 16mo, cloth, $1.25. Dainty, graceful little verses, mostly sonnets. The New Harry and Lucy. By EDWARD E. and LUCRETIA P. HALE. A Story of Boston in the Summer and Autumn of 1891. Illustrated by H. D. Hale. 16mo, cloth, $1.25. Swallow Flights. A new edition of "Poems," published in 1877, with ten additional poems. By LOUISE CHANDLER MOULTON. 16mo, cloth, uniform with "In the Garden of Dreams," $1.25. The Lover's Year Book of Poetry. A Collection of Love Poems for Every Day in the Year. By HORACE PARKER CHANDLER. Vol. II. July to December. 16mo, cloth, $1.25; white, $1.50. For the lovers. At all the bookstores. 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Ladies who prefer to use a nice quality of stationery for their correspondence, should inquire for Crane's Ladies' Note Papers and Envelopes to match (the old and reliable line). These goods are presented in Superfine and Extra Superfine Brands, the latter being unsurpassed in Purity, Tone, and Beautiful Soft Finish by even the finest foreign productions. Sold by all Stationers, in a variety of tints and surfaces. Manufactured and supplied to the trade only by Z. & W. M. CRANE, Dalton, Mass., U. S. BACK NUMBERS of all the leading magazines on hand and furnished at less than half price. Complete sets furnished at short notice. CHAS. E. HOUGHTON, 64 New Park Street, Lynn, Mass. What Is The Library of American Literature? By E. C. Stedman and E. M. Hutchinson. It will pay you to find out by writing to C. L. WEBSTER & CO., 67 Fifth Ave., New York. May, 1892.] BOOK NEWS. xv Canning Time Again Get ready for it. Among your preparations don't forget Mrs. Rorer's CANNING AND PRESERVING. 'Twill tell you how to put up fruits and vegetables, how to jelly, can, preserve, and jam. You will save yourself vexation and delay by taking this for your guide. You are not likely to want any information not found in this book. In paper covers, 40 cents; cloth, 75 cents. By mail; we pay postage. Sold by JOHN WANAMAKER. ARNOLD & COMPANY, 420 Library Street, Philadelphia. Barlow's Indigo Blue. Its merits as a WASH BLUE have been fully tested and indorsed by thousands of housekeepers. Your Grocer ought to have it on sale. Ask him for it. D. S. Wiltberger, Proprietor, No. 233 North Second Street, Philadelphia. Dr. W. W. Keen's Pocket Case, $18. Surgical, Dental, and Veterinary Instruments. Trusses, Elastic Stockings, Supporters, Suspensories, Etc. Manufactured by Jacob J. Teufel & Bro., 114 South Tenth Street. Established 1856. The Latest Invention in SWISS MUSIC BOXES. They are the sweetest, most complete, tone sustaining, durable and perfect Music Boxes made (warranted in every respect) and any number of tunes can be obtained for them. (Improvements Patented in Switzerland and United States.) We manufacture especially for direct family trade, and we guarantee our instruments far superior to the Music Boxes usually made for the wholesale trade and sold by general merchandise, dry goods and music stores. As manufacturers we are enabled to make the very lowest prices. Manufacturers Special Agency and Salesrooms for the celebrated Gem Concert Roller Organs, play any tune, prices only $6 and $12. Old Music Boxes carefully repaired and improved. H. GAUTSCHI & SONS, Manufacturers. Salesrooms: 1030 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. The Latest and Greatest Household Novelty. THE CROWN BAKE PAN. Patented. Closed. Open. This is the most useful pan every offered, and its great advantages can be seen at a glance. It is made of Russia Iron and may be had at the retail stores at 25 cents each. Manufactured exclusively by HALL & CARPENTER, 709 Market Street, Philadelphia. Sample by mail to any part of the United States for 35 cents.xvi BOOK NEWS. [Number 117 J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY'S NEW BOOKS. THE TEMPEST. Volume IX. of the Variorum Edition of Shakespeare. Edited by HORACE HOWARD FURNESS, Ph. D., LL.D., L. H. D. Royal octavo. Superfine toned paper, extra cloth, uncut edges, gilt top, $4.00. "For the study of the play, Mr. Furness's edition will henceforth be as invaluable as indispensable."--New York Tribune. "To enjoy Shakespeare thoroughly, there is but one edition will suffice, and that is Dr. Furness's own. It is the result of a lifetime of study by the most eminent Shakespearian scholar in America."--Philadelphia Public Ledger. "One of the most notable contributions to Shakespeare literature in the present century."--Manchester (Eng.) Guardian. "America has the honor of having produced the very best and most complete edition, so far as it has gone, of our great national poet. For text, illustration, commentary, and criticism it leaves nothing to be desired."--Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine. The volumes previously issued are "As You Like It," "The Merchant of Venice," "Othello," "Romeo and Juliet," "King Lear," "Macbeth," "Hamlet" (2 vols.). Uniform in style and binding, $4.00 per volume. DIARY OF GEORGE MIFFLIN DALLAS While United States Minister to the Courts of St. Petersburg (1837-1839) and St. James (1857-1861). Edited by SUSAN DALLAS. 12mo. Cloth, $2.00 MANULITO; OR, A STRANGE FRIENDSHIP By WILLIAM BRUCE LEFFINGWELL, author of "Wild-Fowl Shooting," etc. 12mo. Cloth, $1.25. THE NEW CHAMBERS'S ENCYCLOPAEDIA. New type. New subjects. New illustrations. New maps. A complete dictionary of art, science, history, literature, fable, mythology, biography, geography, etc. Handsomely illustrated with maps and numerous wood engravings. Eight volumes now ready. The two remaining volumes to be issued during 1892. Price per volume: Cloth, $3.00; cloth, uncut, $3.00; sheep, $4.00; half morocco, $4.50. RECENT WORKS OF FICTION. HIS GREAT SELF. By MARION HARLAND, author of "Alone," "True as Steel," etc. 12mo. Cloth, $1.25. "It is a story of great beauty and of historical value. It is historical in the double sense that it introduces real characters of colonial Virginia, and is one of the few novels of the day that will stand the test of time and remain a mark of the progress of American fiction."--New York World. A SKETCH IN THE IDEAL. A Romance. 12mo. Cloth, $1.00. "In this modest-appearing little volume is presented one of the most beautiful prose poems ever written. It is one of those romances of unspoken love, drifting apart for years and becoming united through mysterious influences, which hold everything in the mastery of the telling."--Cleveland Leader. LIPPINCOTT'S SELECT NOVELS. 12mo. Paper, 50 cents; cloth, 75 cents. A COVENANT WITH THE DEAD. By CLARA LEMORE. Issued by arrangement with English publishers, and copyrighted in the United States. The latest issue in the series. Other Recent Numbers: CORINTHIA MARAZION. By CECIL GRIFFITH. ONLY HUMAN, OR JUSTICE. By JOHN STRANGE WINTER. THE NEW MISTRESS. By GEORGE MANVILLE FENN. Etc. Etc. Etc. Illustrated Fiction Catalogue sent free to any address on application. For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent, post-paid, on receipt of the price. J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, Publishers, 715 and 717 Market Street, Philadelphia. May, 1892.] BOOK NEWS. xvii A book is doubly interesting if daintily illustrated. Many a book has been sold simply by an attractive plate catching the eye of a careless looker; many a dull book has been lightened up and made to live by having pleasing pictures. What more fit than good half-tones to illustrate any book? But do you always get good half tones? There are none better than those made by the PHILADELPHIA PHOTO-ELECTROTYPE COMPANY. Etched on copper--clear and sharp, perfect illustrations in every way. Engraving and process work of all kinds carefully and promptly done. Estimates and any information cheerfully given. Philadelphia Photo-Electrotype Co., 707-709 FILBERT STREET. Coues' Key to North American Birds. Fourth Revised Edition. Coues' "Key" is too well known as a leading and authoritative treatise to need commendation, it being the standard work of reference for professional ornithologists as well as for students and amateurs. The latest and most exhaustive American Ornithology. Indispensable to every sportsman, amateur and working ornithologist. 1 vol., royal octavo, vellum cloth,...$7.50 American Fishes. By G. BROWN GOODE. A popular treatise upon the game and food fishes of North America, with especial reference to habits and methods of capture. Mr. Goode, late United States Commissioner of Fisheries, is exceedingly well informed on this subject, and has entered into this work with the hope that its publication may lead to a wider and more popular appreciation in America, of the importance and interest of Ichthyological Science. With numerous illustrations, including a chromo-lithographed frontispiece. 1 vol., 8vo, cloth, gold and colors,...$3.50 ESTES & LAURIAT, Publishers, Boston, Mass.xviii BOOK NEWS. [Number 117 GENTS' SUITS CLEANED. Linings and Button-Holes kept in their former color and shape. Dyeing in all Shades According to Sample. A. F. BORNOT, SCOURER AND DYER, S. E. Cor. 17th and Fairmount Avenue. 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CONFESSIONS OF A NUN By Sister AGATHA. 12mo, cloth, $1.00. Paper, 50 cents. Sister Agatha's book is an antidote to the vile literature of the day. It has taken its place as a standard. PRESS NOTICES. "Confessions of a Nun," is a powerful attack against the monastic system. It is a remarkable work.--Minneapolis Presbyterian. "It adds another useful volume to our household literature. The writer is able, learned and exact."--Philadelphia Ladies' Friend. JUST PUBLISHED. Awful Disclosures by Maria Monk, of the Hotel Dieu Convent of Montreal. 12mo, cloth, $1.00. Paper, 50 cents. For sale by al booksellers, or sent by mail, on receipt of price, by Jordan Brothers, Publishers, 211 North Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. May, 1892.] BOOK NEWS. xix DODD, MEAD & CO.'S SPRING BOOKS In the series "Makers of America." (Two New Volumes.) CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. With portrait. By President C. K. ADAMS, of Cornell University. $1.00 CHARLES SUMNER. With portrait. By ANNA L. DAWES. $1.00. 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A HIGHLAND CHRONICLE. By S. BAYARD DOD. Price, $1.00; paper, 50 cents. A strong and exceedingly interesting tale of the times of the last attempt of the Stuart Pretender in Scotland. While the story is historical, it is not entirely so. The hero is a remarkable character. The picture of gypsy life is novel and truthful. A book of unusual interest and power. PRINCE SEREBRYANI. An historical novel of the Times of Ivan the Terrible and of the conquest of Siberia. By Count ALEXIS TOLSTOI. Translated from the Russian by Jeremiah Curtin. Price, $1.50. Count Alexis Tolstoi, the author of this work, was an elder brother of Count Leo Tolstoi, the famous novelist and philanthropist. His historical novel translated by Mr. Curtin (translator of "The Deluge" and "Fire and Sword") shows the pen of a master. As an historical sketch it is brilliant. As a novel it is of absorbing and even terrible interest. It would be difficult to find anything in fiction equal in power to the two chapters, "The Frost of Ivan" and the "Tsar's Jester." DODD, MEAD & COMPANY, Publishers, 753 & 755 Broadway, New York.xx BOOK NEWS. [Number 117 Philadelphia and Reading R. R. THE POPULAR DOUBLE-TRACK ROUTE TO NEW YORK, ATLANTIC CITY, All Points in the Schuylkill Valley and Interior Pennsylvania and to Points in the Lehigh and Wyoming Valleys, Buffalo, Niagara Falls and the West. The Fast and Frequent Train Service, Superior Accommodations and Efficient Management have secured for the Reading Railroad the popularity and patronage of the traveling public. A. A. McLEOD, I. A. SWEIGARD, C. G. HANCOCK, President and Gen'l Manager. General Superintendent. General Passenger Agent. An Expert in cookery comes twelve times a year to every housekeeper for one dollar ; six times for half a dollar ; three times for a quarter, in TABLE TALK, a magazine of dainties, luxuries, necessities and table economics. Mrs. W. M. 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If you have any for sale write to us for information as to their disposal. Leary's Old Book Store, No. 9 S. 9th Street, First Store below Market Street, Philadelphia, Pa. For $1 you can make your choice of the following... 4 REMARKABLE OFFERS: 17 SUPERB COLOR STUDIES WITH FOUR NUMBERS $1 The Art Amateur "THE BEST PRACTICAL ART MAGAZINE." Indispensable to all Artists, Teachers, and Art Students. OFFER A--$1. Special for Landscape and Marine, comprising 4 Numbers of The Art Amateur and 17 Color Studies. Among these are: "Putting off Shore," "The Willow Pool," "White Clouds," "Winter" (in progressive stages), "Harvest Time" (in progressive stages), "The Light-House," "Hauling in the Nets," and a "Cottage Garden." Others of the 17 Color Studies for $1 are: "Nasturtiums," "The Nativity," "Good Morning," "Girl's Head," "Cupid Plate," "Head of a Horse." OFFER B--$1. Special for Flowers and Fruits, comprising 4 Numbers of The Art Amateur and 17 Color Studies. 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Among these are a set of 12 Dessert Plates (Floral and Ribbon Designs), Cherokee Roses, Sweet-Pea, Honeysuckle, Pansies, Carnations, Maurandia, Begonia, Jasmine, Jonquil, Azaleas, Narcissus, Primroses, Cupid Plate, Milkweed, Lamp Jar (Poppies), Cracker Jar (Scotch Roses), and Orchids. Each of the above $1 offers includes, also, 32 pages of working designs, in black and white, with practical directions for the treatment as well as for all the color plates in the four Numbers of the Magazine. Also, practical lessons in Oil, Water-Color, Pastel, and Mineral Colors, Biographies of Artists, Engraving of Paintings, of Artistic Interiors, and numerous useful and pretty designs for every kind of Artistic Decoration. THESE OFFERS ARE NOT OPEN TO THE TRADE. To avail yourself of them, cut out this (Book News) adv't, say whether you choose the offer A, B, C, or D, or two or more of them, and send it, with the money, to Catalogue of Color Studies for 2 cent stamp. MONTAGUE MARKS, 23 Union Square, New York.Robert Bonner's Sons' New Books. Jean Kate Ludlum's Novels. Lida Campbell, or Drama of a Life. By JEAN KATE LUDLUM. 12mo. 351 pages. Beautifully Illustrated by H. M. Eaton. Handsomely bound in cloth, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. This beautiful story was written one year ago. Even then the author had premonitory symptoms of the fell disease which so recently struck her down in her youth. Her talent was developing rapidly, and she promised to be one of the most popular writers of the day. "Lida Campbell, or Drama of a Life," is a novel of the present. Its characters and incidents are familiar, and have the strong interest of natural sequence and probability. The emotional power which is a marked characteristic of Miss Ludlum's work is strongly wrought out in this novel, and the most casual reader cannot fail to be intensely interested in it. Under Oath. By JEAN KATE LUDLUM. Illustrated. 12mo. 337 pages. Handsomely bound in cloth, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. The Adirondacks are doubly fascinating, inasmuch as they are the delight of the lover of adventure and nature, and are also the Mecca of scores of fair pleasure-seekers. In "Under Oath" Miss Jean Kate Ludlum has adroitly woven these facts into an absorbing romance. The story describes wild life in the ozonic, balsamaic atmosphere of the deepest recesses of the Adirondacks, and varies it with society life at the hotels at Saranac and Lake Placid. Under a Cloud. By JEAN KATE LUDLUM. 12mo. 300 pages. Handsomely bound in cloth, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. "Under a Cloud" is a spirited and pathetic account of the trials of a New York lady, who, in consequence of a promise wrung from her by her father, is put into relations with her husband which are almost unprecedented. The chain of circumstances by which the husband is implicated in a crime and the heroic efforts of the wife to traverse this chain and unravel the mystery make a history of overpowering interest. John Winthrop's Defeat. By JEAN KATE LUDLUM. 12mo. 287 pages. Bound in cloth, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. Miss Ludlum's new novel is a delightful story of life at the famous seaside summer resort on Fire Island, and presents a pleasing picture of the gayety and frivolity that reign during the heated term in American watering places. Anna Katharine Green's Novels. The Forsaken Inn. By ANNA KATHARINE GREEN. Handsomely bound in cloth, $1.50; paper edition, 50 cents, printed on heavy paper, twenty-one illustrations by Victor Perard. When Anna Katharine Green published her novel called "The Leavenworth Case," it was considered one of the cleverest in construction and invention. Her new novel, published this week by the Ledger, entitled "The Forsaken Inn," is more striking as a story, more artistic as a piece of literary work, and stronger in imaginative interest.--N. Y. World. A Matter of Millions. By ANNA KATHARINE GREEN. 12mo. 416 pages. Handsomely bound in English cloth, $1.50; paper, 50 cents. This brilliant, artistic novel will enhance the great reputation of the popular author of "The Forsaken Inn." It is a story of to day. The scene is laid in the city of New York and the village of Great Barrington, Mass. Sylvanus Cobb, Jr's Novels. The Popular Series. Paper Covers, price 25 cents each. 1--The Outcast of Milan. A Companion Story to "The Gunmaker of Moscow." 2--Rollo of Normandy. 5--The Scourge of Damascus. 8--The Conspirator of Cordova. 9--The Fortunes of Conrad. 11--The Robber Countess. 13--The Royal Outlaw. 14--The Bandit of Syracuse. 15--Roderick of Kildare. 17--Karl the Lion. 19--The Caliph of Bagdad. 20--The Spectre's Secret. 21--The Knight's Motto. 22--Alaric; or, The Tyrant's Vault. The Gunmaker of Moscow. By SYLVANUS COBB, JR. Bound in cloth, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. "The Gunmaker of Moscow" is a constant succession of thrilling incidents and scenes. Balzac's Select Novels. Eugenie Grandet. Translated from the French of Honore de Balzac. With illustrations by James Fagan. 12mo, bound in cloth, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. "Eugenie Grandet" is one of the greatest of novels. It is the history of a good woman. Every student of French is familiar with it, and an opportnnity is now afforded to read it in a good English translation. The lesson of the book is the hideousnses of the passion of the miser. Eugenie's father is possessed by it in a degree of intensity probably unknown in America, and to our public it will come as a revelation. The Country Doctor. A Novel. Translated from the French of Honore de Balzac, by Mrs. Fred M. Dey. 12mo, 350 pages, with illustrations by Warren B. Davis. Handsomely bound in cloth, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. "The Country Doctor" is one of Balzac's greatest creations. It is the portrait of an ideal man in a situation where superior ability and knowledge enable his to raise a whole community to a higher level of morality, prosperity and intelligence. Cesar Birotteau. From the French of Honore de Balzac. With 14 choice illustrations by Harry C. Edwards. Bound in cloth, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. The novels of Honore de Balzac are among the greatest works of the kind that any country has produced. That they go deeper into the human heart, represent more truly human passions, and reflect with greater accuracy the multiform phases of human life than the works of any other novelist, is claimed for him by some of the foremost critics of the world. "Cesar Birotteau" is one of his most beautiful and characteristic novels. The Alchemist. Translated from the French of Honore de Balzac. With illustrations by F. A. Carter. Elegantly bound in cloth, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. In this work Balzac portrayed with a masterly hand the passionate exultation of the search after truth, the absorption of all other faculties in one master-passion, and the pitiless egotism of genius. It is a family picture which, for truth, delicacy and pathos, has been surpassed by no novelist of any nation or any time; a literary achievement in which a new and imperishable character--the exquisite, beautiful character of the wife--has been added to the great gallery of fiction. Cousin Pons. Translated from the French of Honore de Balzac. 12mo. 439 pages. With 12 beautiful and characteristic illustrations by Whitney. Handsomely bound in cloth, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. "Cousin Pons" is one of the most interesting characters in the whole range of Balzac's wonderful creations. Balzac penetrated human nature to its depth. There is scarcely a type which evaded his keen eye. His characters are types of the living, human world swarming at his feet. His creations are as real as noble peaks standing out against an evening sky. Mrs. Amelia E. Barr's Novels. The Beads of Tasmer. By Mrs. AMELIA E. BARR. 12mo. 395 pages. Handsomely bound in English cloth. Beautifully illustrated by Warren B. Davis. Uniform with "A Matter of Millions" and "The Forsaken Inn" by Anna Katharine Green. $1.25; paper cover, 50 cents. "The Beads of Tasmer" by Mrs. Amelia E. Barr, is a powerful and interesting story of Scotch life. The singular and strenuous ambition which a combination of ancient pride and modern greed inspires; the loveliness of the Scotch maidens, both Highlanders and Lowlanders; the deep religious nature of the people; the picturesque life of the country, constitute a theme which is of the highest intrinsic interest, and which is developed by the accomplishes authoress with consummate art and irresistible power. Short Stories. By Mrs. AMELIA E. BARR, author of "A Bow of Orange Ribbon," "The Beads of Tasmer," "Jan Vedder's Wife," etc. 12mo. 350 pages. With portrait of the author and numerous illustrations. Handsomely bound in cloth, $1.25; paper cover, 50 cents. All admirers of Mrs. Barr's novels will be glad to possess a collection of her short stories. No writer of the day has won an honorable place in the literary world by more thorough and admirable work. For sale by all booksellers, or sent, postpaid, on receipt of price by the publishers, ROBERT BONNER'S SONS, Cor. William and Spruce Streets, New York. Press Times Printing House Philadelphia