NAWSA
General Correspondence
Mead, Edwin D.

MRS. LUCIA AMES MEAD
19 EUSTON STREET
BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS  June 13, 1928

Dear Miss Blackwell:
My memory is largely "in my wife's name"; and begin to fear that my religion and my conscience are there too. How I managed to mislay and forget your letter of so long ago, enclosing your newspaper letter about Beecher's relation to Woman Suffrage passes understanding: for I was deeply interested in it, and had it much on my mind, until somehow it passed out of my mind, probably through the flattering conviction that I had somehow attended to it. But clearly I did not attend to it; and my conscientious wife has been reminding and reprimanding me about it so faithfully in this latest epoch, roused to the stern duty by a word with you about it, that I have dug into the archives, which revealed my delinquency. I have sinned against you, and also thwarted or delayed the publication in print somewhere three months ago. I have read Thoreau never apoligized; but Mrs[s] Mead says that that was [is] execrable conceit, and she is always right. I shall at least earn her good opinion, and I hope your magnanimous forgiveness, by humble apology.

The main thing however is, even thus belatedly, to get into print a statement so carefully prepared, so manifestly true, so righteous, and so necessary. I see no good reason why the New Republic should not have printed it; but that is their business. Perhaps the Springfield [?epublidan

MRS. LUCIA AMES MEAD
19 EUSTON STREET
BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS

does not now care to go back into the Beecher _Hibben discussion, as it devoted a good of space to various aspects of it. The Sprungfield Union, however, which published one of my  Beecher things, is given to printing many letters, often quite long letters; a I believe that it would publish this, with a trifling change and a new opening. I would suggest that you say at the start that in the recent Beeche _Hibben discussion you had occasion, in some criticism of his statements to review briefly Mr. Beecher'[s]s real attitude in the matter, but that the matter seems to you of such permanent interest, and it seems so clear a duty to keep the record straight, that you ask the privilege of stating the simple facts, which mean something to a good many people, without much regard to the debate over Mr. Hibben's strictures.  If this suggestion seems a good one, and especially if the Union prints what you send it, you may be the more disposed to spread the mantle of your mighty charity over one who has not the hardihood to dodge apologizing. With warm regards, I am 

Yours sincerely,
Edwin Mead

You may think of a better place to print it, [?] an additional place.

Edwin D. Mead

BOSTON MEMORIES OF FIFTY YEARS
BY EDWIN D. MEAD
[Reprinted from the Memorial Volume "Fifty Years of Boston."]

In writing of my memories of the last fifty years in Boston, I am helped
in definition of the task by the fact that the beginning of the period marked a
sharp change in my own relation to Boston. It was just then that I returned
from an absence of more than four years, beginning in the summer of 1875,
passed in study at the universities of Cambridge and Leipzig.

I had lived in Boston for nine years before 1875, coming from my country
home in Chesterfield, New Hampshire, by the Connecticut, in 1866. The
doors to the larger Boston life were opened to me by William Dean Howells, to
whom my debt of gratitude for service then and growing service and inspiration
ever afterwards is very great. His wife was my cousin, born in the same
beautiful hill-town with myself, but early removing with her family across the
river to Brattleboro, Vermont. Hers was a family of marked talents. One
of her brothers was Larkin G. Mead, the eminent sculptor; another was William
R. Mead, the equally eminent architect, member of the conspicuous architectural
firm of McKim, Mead and White. Howells, visiting in Brattleboro
and Chesterfield after his return from his Venice consulate, became interested
in me as a bookish boy, and secured a place for me in the countingroom of
Ticknor and Fields, the famous Boston publishers, which was the express goal
of my youthful aspirations. He had just become the editor of the "Atlantic
Monthly," with his home in Cambridge; and he continued to live in and about
Boston until, after resigning the editorship of the "Atlantic" in 1881, he moved
to New York a few years later.* His life in Boston and the association of Boston
with his works were the subject of an admirable article by Sylvester Baxter in
the "New England Magazine" for October, 1893. More important from the
point of view of the present paper is Howells' own book, "Literary Friends and
Acquaintance." Its chapter on "Literary Boston As I Knew It" and its
special chapters on Holmes, Longfellow and Lowell furnish the best picture
which exists of the Boston to which I came as a boy and from which I went for
my student life in England and Germany. It describes my point of departure
for this chapter of memories and points the contrast between 1930 and half a
century ago. An important supplement is the recently published collection of
Howells' letters, edited with such true feeling by his daughter, a collection full
and most valuable in the section reflecting her father's Boston life.

The publishing house of Ticknor and Fields was the center of the literary
life of Boston in that, its golden age. It was then at 124 Tremont street, at the
corner of Hamilton place, directly opposite Park Street Church. The firm had
moved here from the famous "Old Corner," the corner of Washington and
School streets, just before; and there was never in Boston before or since so
attractive a haunt for literary folk and lovers of books. James T. Fields was

*EDITORIAL NOTE.-- The last appearance of his name in the Boston Directory was in 1887.
(1)

FIFTY YEARS OF BOSTON
2

certainly the most interesting and significant figure in the history of American publishing. His own literary talents were large and varied. The chapter on Dickens in his "Yesterday with Authors," especially full in the section on Dickens' last visit to America, of which Mr. Fields was the real inspirer and promoter, constitutes a striking feature in his picture of literary Boston on the eve of the period we are surveying, and no less valuable is the chapter on Hawthorne. Yet more vivid and revealing, perhaps, is the volume of selections from Mrs. Fields' journals, so sympathetically edited by Mr. M. A. DeWolfe Howe, published under the title of "Memories of a Hostess." The queen of hostesses Mrs. Fields certainly was, with as keen and true a sense of literary values as her husband, and with an untiring devotion to human values. She long survived Mr. Fields, living until 1915, her close companion in her home for many years being Sarah Orne Jewett. It is not too much to say that the house at 148 Charles street was for a generation the most interesting home in Boston, the center of more good society, good conversation and fine aspiration than any other.
   In dedicating to Mr. Fields one of his later volumes, Lowell, harking back to Doctor Johnson's old remark upon the happy supplanting of the patron by the publisher, paid graceful tribute to him as the friend who had supplanted the publisher. All of that great literary group would have joined in the tribute. 
   A great and memorable group it was, a benediction on the happy community whose home it was and whose "darling town" it was. It was an unusual week when Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, Holmes or Whittier did not enter the door at 124 Tremont street. Whittier's visits were the most infrequent and we young men did not feel that we knew him; my own chief recollection at this late day is of taking proofs to him at his room at the old Marlboro Hotel and waiting while he looked them over, benignly admitting me and benignly dismissing me. Emerson we revered, and his coming was always an event, but there was no intimacy between him and the "boys"; he seemed to us somewhat remote and clerical. Mr. Fields had to do with the management of some of his later Boston lectures and I think we sold the tickets. I heard his inspiring lecture on "Immortality," given before a great audience at Music Hall, about 1875. After my return from Europe I saw him frequently at the Concord School of Philosophy, and in that connection heard him give a lecture in the Concord Town Hall, with his son turning the pages of his manuscript.
None of the group was so frequent a comer as Doctor Holmes, always smiling, always social, always welcome. I think of him now as I saw him so often later in his gallery pew at King's Chapel. He was a faithful churchgoer. His strong desire was to write a great hymn. He believed that "My Country, 'Tis of Thee," written in youth by his college classmate, Samuel F. Smith, would long outlive anything he himself had written. He was probably right; yet there is no nobler hymn in the hymn book than his own "Lord of All Being Throned Afar."
Bryant sometimes came from New York; Ticknor and Fields published his translations of the Iliad and Odyssey. Mrs. Stowe, most of whose books they published, came at times from Hartford. The historians came--Parkman, Bancroft, Motley. Prescott and Hawthorne had passed away, but the

REMINISCENCES 
3

great Boston reformers, Garrison, Phillips, Andrew, Sumner, were still living in Boston and were common visitors. I heard Phillips often, before and after my years in Europe. I recall especially his electric speech at the great Parnell meeting in Music Hall, while I do not remember a word spoken by Parnell himself. 
   For Lowell my admiration has grown steadily with the years. His genius was pre-eminently democratic, and his ringing lines perhaps came oftenest to the help of the crusader for progress. Yet he did not impress the young men at 124 Tremont street as a democratic man. The rare personal charm of Lowell in his youthful period is impressively brought out by Edward Everett Hale in his "James Russell Lowell and His Friends." The idol of us all was Longfellow. As I look back over the years, his face, beneath the thick white hair, seems to me the noblest that  I ever knew, the strongest and the sweetest, the most beautiful face, the most like Raphael's Jove in the Farnesina paintings. Howells, who revered him, gave to the chapter devoted to him in his "Literary Friends and Acquaintance" the title, "The White Mr. Longfellow," borrowing the phrase from Bjornson. His dignity, his entire brotherliness, his gladness to see again the young men whom he saw last week, made a unique and ineffaceable impression upon every one of us. I recall how, finding Mr. Fields out at luncheon time, he asked if he might wait with me in the countingroom. The half-hour was to me a translation to Olympus and I doubt not he was as glad to talk to the boy as to the man. After my return from Germany, perhaps in 1881, I was one of half a dozen younger men invited by Mr. Longfellow to join older scholars in the organization of the American Dante Society. My credentials must have been slight indeed. I did not know Italian; my studies of the "Divine Comedy" had been in his own translation. Later I gave lectures on Dante and published a paper on his "De Monarchia," emphasizing Dante's remarkable divination of the needs of world organization, but this interest had not in 1880 found much expression. The first two meetings were at Longfellow's house and were memorable; each meeting ended with an informal supper, at which his talk was charming and illuminating. 
   There was a similar meeting at Charles Eliot Norton's, who, I think, was the vice-president of the Society. I remember especially Mr. Norton's impressive account of a walk with Carlyle at Chelsea on the day when the news came of the death of John Stuart Mill at Avignon. It was a revelation of Carlyle's love and gratitude to Mill and of his somewhat remorseful sorrow over the occasion of their separation, a disclosure which ought to have got into his books. Edmund Gosse, then giving a course of Lowell lectures in Boston, was a guest at that meeting. I met him a little later at his home in London, where we shared a common enthusiasm bringing us back to Massachusetts. I had just for the first time visited Scrooby. Finding no good pictures of the places associated with Elder Brewster and the "Mayflower" congregation, I engaged the services of a Manchester photographer, who chanced to be at Bawtry, and with him secured the completest set of Scrooby photographs which then existed or, I suspect, has ever since been made. I used some of them to illustrate an article, "Round About Scrooby," in the "New England Magazine" in 1889. A framed set was hung in the Massachusetts building at the Chicago Exposition in 1893,

FIFTY YEARS OF BOSTON
4

and there is a set at Pilgrim Hall in Plymouth. Mr. Gosse delighted me by 
saying that he had just been up to Scrooby and made some photographs for 
himself; he gave me his set and I gave him mine.
  His interest had been stirred by his visit to Boston and Massachusetts,
 just as Doctor Creighton's interest was stirred by his visit here in 1886 to take 
part in the Harvard commemoration of the 250th anniversary of the founding 
of the college. It will be remembered that Doctor Creighton before he became 
Bishop of London had been the head of Emmanuel College at Cambridge, the 
college of John Harvard and so many of our illustrious Massachusetts founders, 
and in that capacity had come to take part in the Harvard commemoration. 
He learned here more deeply what the Pilgrim Fathers meant to us and what 
the founders of Boston meant, and when he became Bishop of London he felt 
the force of the appeal for the return of the Bradford manuscript, then in the 
Bishop of London's library at Fulham. I had myself visited the Fulham library 
in 1885. The manuscript of Bradford's "History of Plymouth Plantation" 
had in some mysterious manner, through British hands in 1776, found its way 
from the steeple chamber of the Old South Meeting House, where it was 
deposited in Thomas Prince's New England library, ultimately to the Bishop 
of London's library, where it was discovered eighty years afterwards. Said 
Senator Hoar to Bishop Creighton's predecessor, Bishop Temple, as they held 
the precious volume in their hands at the Fulham library, in 1896: "If there 
were in existence in England a history of King Alfred's reign for thirty years, 
written in his own hand, it would not be more precious in the eyes of Englishmen 
than this manuscript is to us." Almost immediately Bishop Temple
became Archbishop of Canterbury and Doctor Creighton succeeded him as 
Bishop of London; and by that propitious conjunction of two friends of 
America, who knew what the Bradford manuscript meant to Massachusetts, 
its return was soon effected by a decree of the Consistory Court of the Diocese 
of London. Many of my readers have seen it as it lies in its glass case in the 
State Library, open at the page where in Bradford's own handwriting is transcribed 
the famous Mayflower Compact. Some, too, were present, as I was, 
at the memorable meeting in the Representatives' Chamber at the State House, 
May 26, 1897, when the manuscript was delivered to Governor Wolcott by 
Ambassador Bayard, and heard the addresses by Senator Hoar, Ambassador 
Bayard and Governor Wolcott. The occasion remains one of the most impressive 
of my Boston memories.
   In 1880 Ticknor and Fields had become, by two steps, James R. Osgood 
and Company, and James R. Osgood and Company were the publishers of the 
"Memorial History of Boston," which the present volume, covering the intervening 
half-century, is planned to supplement. Mr. Osgood was Mr. Fields' 
right-hand man. William D. Ticknor, the long-time head of the house, died 
before I came to Boston. Mr. Osgood was a man of marked personality and 
power, universally beloved in the establishment and outside of it. Three 
sons of William D. Ticknor, Howard, Benjamin H. and Thomas Ticknor, were 
then or soon afterwards associated with the house. A son of Benjamin H. 
Ticknor, also named Benjamin H., is associated with the Houghton Mifflin 
Company today. His sister is Caroline Ticknor, the well-known author of the

REMINISCENCES
5

interesting volumes of literary criticism and reminiscence, which deal piously 
with the very period I have surveyed.
   Another partner in the firm of Ticknor and Fields in the old days was 
John S. Clark, later a partner of Louis Prang, whose pioneering work as an art 
publisher had a generation ago such a wide and worthy fame. Mr. Prang was 
one of the German republicans, like his friend, Carl Schurz, who came over 
here about 1848, and whose whole life thereafter was identified with Boston. 
Prang's chromos, like the Rogers groups, were a real boon to the American 
people, marking a distinct uplift in the popular art of our dining rooms and 
parlors. Mr. Prang was a man of most gentle, strong, truthful and winning 
nature, and we were good friends for many years. 
   Mr. Clark was a lifelong friend of John Fiske, of whom in his later life he 
prepared an admirable biography. In 1880 Fiske had just entered upon his 
brilliant scientific and literary career; his "Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy" 
was published in 1874. From my return from Europe to the end of his life, in 
1901, I knew him well. His last work was his preparation for the address which 
he had been invited to give at the King Alfred millennial commemoration at 
Winchester in September of that year. He died suddenly here in Massachusetts 
at midsummer. While sadly he was not at Winchester, it chanced that 
my wife and I were among the few Americans that were. Colonel Higginson 
was also there, representing the Massachusetts Historical Society. I represented 
the American Antiquarian Society, and wrote a paper upon the millennial, 
which was published in its proceedings. Mr. Fiske's place was taken at 
short notice by Lord Rosebery, whose address at the unveiling of the noble 
King Alfred statue by Thornycroft we heard. It was an admirable oration, 
but we could not help feeling how much more adequate and distinguished 
Mr. Fiske's treatment of the subject would have been.
   John Fiske was a remarkable man, on the whole the most considerable 
figure, save Howells, in our Boston and Cambridge literary life since the golden 
age. His versatility, range and immense capacity for work were impressive. 
He called himself a disciple of Herbert Spencer, but the disciple was a greater 
mind than the master. Herbert Spencer wrote no book so important as Fiske's 
"Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy," which was not the best of his writings. No 
other man did so much to domesticate Darwinism and the philosophy of evolution 
here in the day when, through much opposition in religious circles, they 
were making their way, and, owing to the charm of his literary style, no other 
in his time treated our American history, from Columbus to the Constitution, 
in a way that attracted and stimulated so many readers. I wrote various 
articles about his work. To help me about one biographical article he prepared 
for me an interesting account, in his beautiful chirography and invariable 
violet ink, of his education up to the time he came to Harvard. Years afterwards, 
when I was lecturing in St. Louis, I was invited by Mr. W. K. Bixby,
the well-known millionaire bibliophile, to come to see his collection. Among 
the many treasures on the shelves was a long row of the manuscripts of Fiske's 
successive volumes, bound in rich morocco. Fiske always wrote on large uniform 
sheets and preserved the manuscripts when the printer was done with 
them. As my eye ran along the row, it caught the title, "Autobiography."

6                                       FIFTY YEARS OF BOSTON
 
I remarked that I had not known that Fiske ever wrote anything autobiographical
except something sent for my own use. As I said it, I glance at
the first page, which began with the statement that the work was prepared for 
me. I had loaned it to Mrs. Fiske for some purpose; she had neglected to 
return it, and it went with the rest. 
        More important that Mr. Clark in the house of Ticknor and Fields was 
James R Osgood. As I have said, he was Mr. Fields' right-hand man, and 
the house became, after Mr. Fields' retirement, James R. Osgood and Company, 
by and by becoming Houghton, Osgood, and Company and then Houghton
Mifflin Company. I knew Mr. Houghton and Mr. Mifflin, both true to the 
great traditions. When we came home from Europe in the autumn of 1914, 
following the outbreak of the World War, Mr. Middlin was one of my pleasant 
companions on the steamer. I think that was the last time I saw him. 
James R. Osgood died long before.
        Some of our literary folk may recall that Osgood was the hero of the famous
walking watch projected by Dickens' business agent and himself during the
novelist's last visit to America in 1867-68. Dickens and James T. Fields
acted as seconds. Dickens gave a notable dinner after it to his literary friends
at the Parker House, which was his home during his whole Boston stay, as the
Tremont House had been during his earlier visit in 1842. His rooms were the
corner ones on the third floor looking toward the City Hall. It is to be regretted
that the Dickens Room in the new Parker House could not have been in a little
better location, but we are grateful that the hotel still remembers its illustrious
guest and has a Dickens Room with fitting pictures and mementoes. 
        Dickens' merry account of the walking match, written according to previous
understanding, was an extravaganza which has its place in the biographies
of the great novelist, where Osgood figures as the "Boston Bantam."
Osgood brought the puzzling manuscript to me in the countingroom to copy
for the printer, for I was certainly - then, not now - a better writer than
Charles Dickens! The copies were printed on luxurious sheets for the guests
and favored ones, and some of them exist in Boston, treasured heirlooms, to
this day. 
        Dickens' visit, undertaken largely through Mr. Fields' urging, was unquestionably
the greatest literary event in Boston at that period. The tickets
for his readings, which were in Tremont Temple, were sold at 124 Tremont
street, the headquarters of the enterprise. There were eighteen Boston readings
altogether, and I suspect I am the only man living who heard them all. 
These rich Boston Dickens memories, along with Dickens interests generally,
are piously conserved by the enthusiastic Boston Branch of the Dickens Fellowship,
which, until the old Parker House was pulled down, held its monthly
meetings in the famous Crystal Room, and holds them now in the chapel of
the Swedenborgian church on Bowdoin street. The president of the Fellowship,
Edward F. Payne, has published a large illustrated volume, "Dickens
Days in Boston," which is a miracle of research and of reverence, and constitutes
a salient chapter of the Boston record here surveyed. 
        The current of Boston literary life reflected in the Ticknor and Fields
associations of the early part of this period and in the history of the publishing


                                                  REMINISCENCES                                               7

firms derived in apostolic succession from that illustrious house is the current
with which my own memories chiefly have to do. It has also been the chief
current of that life, but by no means the only one. As we have seen, the name
of that historic house has gone through many transformations. There is,
however, one great publishing house whose name has never changed in the two
generations since as a boy I entered the service of Ticknor and Fields. Little,
Brown and Company, then located on Washington street, had the largest and
finest bookstore of which I have recollection in Boston. Today the publishing
firm occupies a whole building on Beacon street, fronting the Common. I
cannot remember in the old house any one named Little or any one named
Brown, but I do remember the scholarly Mr. Bartlett, the compiler of the famous
"Familiar Quotations." Much more intimately do I remember, in the old
time and in the new, Charles W. Allen, during all his later life the head of the
house. When I began as a boy in Ticknor and Fields' countingroom he, too,
was a boy there, although going soon to a better position with Little and Brown,
and boys to each other we remained until he died. It was always "Bill" and
"Joe" with us; and when I went to his funeral in Trinity Church my heart
was heavy with the thought that outside of my home there was no man left in
Boston to greet me by my Christian name. Charles Allen was a rare spirit,
and the spirit never dulled from youth to age. He belonged to a fine Roxbury
family; his brother became a professor in the Institute of Technology. Devoted
to what was best in literature and every form of beauty, Charles Allen's preeminent
devotion in the early day was to music; he belonged to a little orchestra
of his Roxbury fellows who took themselves very seriously and gave periodical
concerts, with programs of the highest character. 
        Roberts Brothers were important publishers half a century ago, with
a fine list of books. I never knew a man named Roberts there. The only
man we knew was Mr. Niles, who was certainly the center of things and certainly
a man of the finest character and the best taste. His house published
Louisa Alcott's books, which still seem to be as popular among my young
friends as they were fifty years ago. The story was that "Little Women" had
first been offered to Mr. Fields, who, although his literary judgment was usually
unerring, declined it; and so it went to Mr. Niles, who was soon selling it by the
hundred thousand. I knew Miss Alcott and admired her, as everybody did
who knew her; and I hope that "Little Women" is still selling by the thousand
and may go on in its wholesome mission till doomsday. 
        Edwin Ginn in 1880 was already well launched on the publishing career
which was eventually to make his firm the leading educational publishing house
in Boston or perhaps in the country. The firm was then Ginn and Heath; but
presently the two divided their list and went their separate and successful ways. 
To Mr. Ginn I shall return later. Mr. Heath was my valued friend until his
death, - a high-minded, public-spirited, cultivated, sympathetic man, universally
beloved. One of his partners in the firm of D. C. Heath and Company was
Charles H. Ames. Mr. Heath and Mr. Ames were both Amherst men and almost
lifelong friends. Ames came to Boston immediately after his graduation in
1870, and Boston and Newton were his home until his death in 1911. In all
that time he was a distinct force in our educational life. He was the best

VIEW WEST OVER THE PUBLIC GARDEN POND
LOUISBURG SQUARE
HULL STREET LOOKING TOWARD CHRIST CHURCH (OLD NORTH
CHURCH), SALEM STREET


REMINISCENCES 9
friend I ever had, except his sister, who became my wife. He was a man of
rare gifts with a genius for friendship, for society, for learning, and for teaching; 
untiringly devoted to philosophy and natural sciences, especially geology. He
should have been a college professor; but was compelled to a business life, which
he never liked, in which, however, he was successful, as he would have been in
anything he undertook.
Ticknor and Fields were not only the publishers of the "Atlantic Monthly"
but also of the "North American Review," founded as far back as 1815, "Every
Saturday" and "Our Young Folks." The "Atlantic Monthly" was ten years old
when I came to Boston. Its first editor was James Russell Lowell, and, as I
saw him often at 124 Tremont street, I may say that I have known every editor
of the "Atlantic," some of them slightly, some of them well. There has never
been a time, from 1856 to the present, when the "Atlantic" has not been the
best magazine in the country, and it is that today under Ellery Sedgwick.
Howells, who came to Boston to become the editor in 1866, was succeeded in
1881 by Thomas Bailey Aldrich. Aldrich had come to Boston to become the
editor of "Every Saturday" at the same time that Howells came to become editor
of the "Atlantic." "Every Saturday" was made up of reprints of recent
articles in the European periodicals, somewhat after the order of "Littell,"
although later and unsuccessfully transformed into a general illustrated journal
like "Harper's Weekly." It died just in time to enable Mr. Aldrich to take
Howells' place on the "Atlantic." Aldrich was succeeded as editor of the
"Atlantic" by Horace Scudder and he in turn by Walter Hines Page. Mr. 
Scudder, although not a man of genius, like Howells and Aldrich, was a man
fine culture, high standards and untiring industry, and he made a good editor.
The sum total of his literary work was very great. The valuable "American
Commonwealths" series illustrates his fine editorial work, and had he written
no other book than his "Life of Noah Webster," the best book that exists on
that immensely useful American, he would have my lasting gratitude. Walter
Page was a man of very different type and traditions from his predecessors, but
he had warm friends in Boston. He was, primarily at least, a man of affairs
more than a man of letters, and "The World's Work," which he founded,
represented him better than the "Atlantic." I remember my pleasant
intercourse with him in London, where he had become out ambassador, in the summer
of 1914, just before the outbreak of the war, which so suddenly plunged him
into overwhelming responsibilities. With Bliss Perry, who succeeded him on
the "Atlantic," the historic magazine returned more closely to its old traditions.
Thomas Bailey Aldrich was one of the most notable figures in the literary
life of Boston in the first half of the period here under survey, the time
immediately following our golden age, into whose great group he was, like Howells,
adopted as a younger member of the illustrious family. A man of remarkable
versatility, vivacity and wit, the range of his exquisite poetry was much wider
than most persons then realized or now recall, and "Marjorie Daw" was only
the cleverest of his many clever stories. "The Story of a Bad Boy" was one
of the best boys' stories ever written in America. It helped to make old
Portsmouth, the birthplace of James T. Fields, yet more a shrine for us of
124 Tremont street. It had been Aldrich's boyhood home and was the scene


10 FIFTY YEARS OF BOSTON

of his story. After his death, the old Nutter house, the "Bad Boy's" home, 
was happily secured by Mrs Aldrich and made, with its old-fashioned rooms 
and furniture, a charming memorial place. I went to Portsmouth with a 
goodly Boston company for its dedication. Hamilton Mabie presided, and 
Howells and others spoke appropriately, but the occasion was in danger of  
becoming lugubrious, when Mark Twain, who had come up from Hartford 
in his everyday gray clothes instead of black, saved the situation by reminding 
us how Aldrich would laugh at the solemn scene if he could look in, and 
proceeding to transform it into something more vital and human. Aldrich 
and Mark Twain had been close friends for half a lifetime. In Mrs. Aldrich's 
volume of reminiscences, "Crowding Memories," which is one of the good 
source-books for the survey of this Boston period, there is nothing more amusing 
than the story of Aldrich's first bringing Mark Twain, a stranger to Mrs. 
Aldrich, home to dinner at the little home at 84 Pinckney street, the new home 
which inspired Longfellow's "Hanging of the Crane,"
"The Story of a Bad Boy" was first published in "Our Young Folks."
 I read it month by month as it came. It surely had no warmer welcome than 
in our circle at 124 Tremont street, and Aldrich genuinely shared our pleasure. 
The editors of "Our Young Folks" were John T. Trowbridge and Lucy 
Larcom, both of them rare spirits. If there were better boys' stories than 
Trowbridge's appearing in America in those days, I do not know what they 
were, and his autobiographical volume, "My Own Story," is a charming work, 
giving invaluable glimpses of his time and place. Not less charming is Miss 
Larcom's "A New England Girlhood," a girlhood which included, along with 
so much of interest, several years of work in one of the early Lowell cotton 
mills. This was the time when those factory girls edited and wrote "The 
Lowell Offering," which attracted Dickens' attention and admiration during
 his first visit here in 1842 and found its way into his "American Notes." 
I reprinted a large part of an issue of "The Lowell Offering" among my "Old 
South Leaflets."  Miss Larcom lived until 1893, spending her later years 
largely in Boston, where I saw her often, always with happy harking back 
to the old "Young Folks" days. Mr. Trowbridge lived until 1916, his home 
always by the shore of Fresh Pond at Arlington, and as long as he lived he 
used often when in town to climb to my office on the upper floor at 20 Beacon 
street for revival of the pleasant old memories. His great shock of white 
hair was not whiter at the last than it had been for twenty years, and his 
ruddy cheeks kept ever ruddy and as youthful as his smile.
  He had another friend on the upper floor of 20 Beacon street in the person 
of Charles A. Walker, the artist, and Mr. Walker had a yet closer friend in 
Joseph Jefferson, who was almost a daily visitor whenever he was playing 
Rip Van Winkle in Boston. Jefferson, it will be recalled, dabbled in painting 
assiduously during his summer holidays by Buzzards Bay, and he and 
Mr. Walker went on many painting trips together. We were a happy family 
on that upper floor. Another painter, who not only painted there, but lived 
there, was Charles W. Sanderson. He loved music as much as he loved painting, 
and impromptu concerts were ever going on when Perabo or another 
pianist dropped in. My own room was the corner one, looking down on the



REMINISCENCES 11
Common and the State House yard and out Beacon street to the Back Bay 
spires. There was certainly no more striking view from a Boston office window. 
A charming picture of it which Sanderson painted and gave to me 
hangs on the wall beside me as I write. Near it is one by him of Monadnock,
which he loved so well, even if not quite so religiously as I do, for Monadnock 
is the mountain of my boyhood region as it is of the region of my summer 
home, and my wife views it as her only rival.
  The centuries and half-centuries respect the almanac as little as the magazines 
do. The February "Atlantic" and "Harper's" come the last week in 
January, and the centuries similarly come ahead of time. The sixteenth 
century began with 1492; the seventeenth for us with 1588; the eighteenth 
with 1688; the nineteenth with 1789. The present survey of the last half-century 
in Boston, thus far chiefly literary, although here coming down, in 
terms of the "Atlantic Monthly," our representative magazine, close to the 
present, begins a dozen years before 1880, because that is prescribed by the
contrasts and didactics of the situation. As we look back to the earlier time 
and compare it with today, we realize keenly that it is a contrast between a 
period of great distinction and a period of mediocrity. But as Bostonians 
we may fairly ask, What of it? Are other places so much better off? In 
1906, after visiting the United States, H. G. Wells, in a volume about his visit, 
devoted a chapter to Boston. It was a rather lugubrious chapter. All the 
good books which he found in the bookshop windows were antiques, - Emerson 
and Lowell had no successors. The commonest picture on our parlor walls 
was of the "Winged Victory," without a head, and he thought it most appropriate. 
We Bostonians are upon fit occasion an humble folk, but I as one could 
not brook impeachment from London, and as I chanced at the time to be giving 
the address at the celebration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding 
of the Bostonian Society, I injected a rejoinder. 
  The earlier Boston period which Mr. Wells had chosen to point his disparagement 
chanced to be the time when I went from Boston for my studies 
in England and Germany. In England, Gladstone and Disraeli were then 
the leaders in political life; Darwin, Huxley and Tyndall were the brilliant 
leaders of a great scientific group; Thomas Hill Green, James Martineau and 
Herbert Spencer adorned English philosophy; Tennyson and Browning were 
English poets; George Eliot and Thomas Hardy were writing novels; Thomas 
Carlyle still prophesied at Chelsea; Freeman, Froude, Stubbs, Gardiner and 
Green were writing history; Dean Stanley, Stopford Brooke, Spurgeon and 
Canon Liddon were in the pulpit; Jewett was still a leading force at Oxford 
and J. R. Seeley at Cambridge; and Watts, Leighton, William Morris, Rossetti 
and Burne-Jones made English art illustrious. There were twenty men in 
England who could properly be called great; when I spoke in 1906 there was 
not one. If our great men slept in Mount Auburn and Sleepy Hollow, theirs
 slept in Westminster Abbey and related repositories. Illustrious galaxies are 
intermittent and occasional. The World War was the penalty of the world's 
decadence; it was the performance of second-rate men. Had Gladstone, Bismarck 
and Gambetta been at the helm instead of Asquith, Poincaré and 
Bethmann-Hollweg, it would not have occurred.

12 Fifty Years of Boston
         If it is with an irrepressible sadness that in the survey of the last half-century 
in Boston one contrasts the intellectual distinction of the earlier period 
with the current commonplace, it is with equal sadness that one recalls the 
physical aspect of the big town which in the 70's and 80's was passing, its 
fineness and simple beauty, compared with the planless drift and shrieking 
ugliness of the big city which has superseded it. I speak chiefly of the Boston 
of which the common American thinks, the Boston surrounding the Common, 
Beacon Hill and the Back Bay. When the visitor arrives in the town, at 
either the North Station or the South, his first experiences are devastating, 
when they could so easily be made inviting. We are without excuse, for quick 
and easy transformation is possible. In our Common, our Public Garden and 
our Charles River Basin, we had an opportunity unique among American 
cities, and we have despised it. Tremont street and Boylston street might 
have been made as beautiful as Princes street in Edinburgh; but the helter-skelter 
product of our hyper-individualism, rooted in utter lack of public architectural 
taste or knowledge, and much more of intelligent civic control, makes 
the man who remembers the simple dignity of those streets two generations 
ago seek a place for repentance for his own share in permitting the destruction. 
Beautiful Arlington street is hastening to the abyss of desolation; and Beacon 
street itself is menaced, with the doctored State House and its surroundings at 
the top of the hill crowning our half-century's wanton adventurism. 
      Mr. Cram, in the Tercentenary year, submitted a noble plan for the 
redemption of the State House and its grounds, at a cost not exceeding that 
of the new State House which the State of Washington, a young state and, 
compared with Massachusetts, a poor state, has just erected at Olympia; but 
his plan fell on as deaf ears as the plan which he and his associates more recently 
submitted, after long study, for the enlargement of Park square and the creation 
there of a fitting civic center for Boston, with a new City Hall, a Civic Auditorium 
and related public buildings. Action for this end is imperative; yet the 
carefully thought-out plan, invited by the Mayor, had the merest passing 
notice in the newspaper, followed by no general discussion or expression of 
public interest. A proper civic center for Boston has become a necessity. 
Park square, becomingly expanded and dignified, is clearly meant to be our 
Trafalgar square, and a replica of old St. Botolph's famous tower in the center 
would give it notable distinction and form a gracious bond between the old 
Boston and the new. But our people do not seem to care. They do not seem 
to care about the threat at this hour to throw away the unique opportunity 
afforded by our Charles River Basin. They do not seem to care when it is 
proposed to build a towering new Post Office on the spot where the old one 
was torn down. There are far better available sites; every one who looks on 
the now open square * sees clearly that it should be kept open; the richest 
business men of Boston survey the situation from their very bank windows
and know that the right solution of the problem is not financially a hard one, 
that Berlin or Birmingham would solve it overnight, that the great Quincy 
would quickly have solved it, but they do not care. 

*Editorial Note. - Mr. Mead wrote before the new construction had begun on this site and the damage,
as he regards it, had become irrevocable.

Reminiscences 13

       The memory of our fifty years of blundering in architecture and city 
planning, of opportunities and beckonings recklessly ignored is a nightmare. 
Yet no pious Bostonian who thinks of Trinity Church, of our splendid Public 
Library, of the magnificent Art Museum, of Symphony Hall, all creations of 
this fifty years, can be a pessimist. This fifty years has been the precise period 
of our wonderful Symphony Orchestra, which has given Boston an honored 
name through the whole musical world. As long as we remember Henry L. 
Higginson, its consecrated founder as generous a giver to Harvard as to Boston, 
as long as we remember the names of George F. Parkman and George R. White, 
so long may we believe in the power and certainty of private munificence to 
enhance the welfare and the glory of Boston.  Our magnificent park system, 
including the great Blue Hills Reservation and the Middlesex Fells, the accomplishment 
in the period here surveyed of such fine ambition, foresight, energy 
and wisdom, is an earnest of what the same spirit can accomplish for the city 
itself when once brought into action. 
            I took a warm personal interest in the erection of the Public Library and 
Symphony Hall, the architects of both being McKim, Mead and White. 
William R. Mead, the last surviving member of the original firm, was my 
cousin, and we talked much, especially about the library. The real head of the 
famous architectural house today, as for some years past, is William Mitchell 
Kendall, a Boston boy, a graduate of Harvard. The great group of buildings 
for the Harvard School of Business Administration is but one of many of the 
creations of the firm in this vicinity. Mr. Kendall is the son of Joshua Kendall,
an accomplished scholar, and one of our few  real lovers of Plato, whose school 
for boys on Appian Way in Cambridge is still well remembered, and his mother, 
Phoebe Mitchell, as striking a character as her husband, was a sister of Maria 
Mitchell, the famous astronomer. 
        My acquaintance with Major Higginson was outside the realm of music. 
He was a strong international man, as well as an ardent patriot, and a sincere 
friend of the peace movement. He was deeply interested in the International 
Peace Congress in Boston in 1904. I was the chairman of the Executive Committee 
which arranged that Congress; and Major Higginson liked the results 
so much that when in 1909 a meeting of our citizens was held at the Mayor's 
office to plan the Boston celebration of the centenary of the birth of Lincoln, in 
complimentary words which quite surprised me and still make me blush, he 
moved that I be made chairman of the committee to choose the orator and 
arrange the program. Major Higginson was unquestionably during the last 
period of his life out foremost Boston citizen. I wish that every Boston young 
man entering upon the exercise of his citizenship might read the admirable 
biography of him by Bliss Perry. 
          In 1878, just at the beginning of the period of these memories, John H. 
Holmes became editor of the Boston Herald,  remaining in that post for thirty 
years. From 1881 to 1906 Edward H. Clement was editor of the Boston Transcript, 
having been associate editor for half a dozen years before 1881. Robert 
Lincoln  O'Brien, successively editor of the Transcript and the Herald and 
Washington correspondent of the Transcript for many years before he became 
its editor, is happily still with us, although not now the head of a newspaper.

14                                            FIFTY YEARS OF BOSTON
These three have been the most distinguished and influential Boston editors in 
this period.  Mr. Holmes was not a man of journalistic antecedents, but he 
lifted the Herald to a position which it had never known before and established 
a standard which no Boston newspaper had known before.  A keenly intellectual 
man, versatile, catholic, high-minded, with a profound sense of the function 
which a great metropolitan journal should perform, and with such men on his 
staff as George F. Babbitt, Osborne Howes, Julius Ward and Walter Allen, he 
rendered a notable service to this city.  It is not too much to say that he more 
than any other man set the new pace for Boston journalism.
        A unique figure in Boston newspaper life, Edmund Noble, for a generation
associated with the Herald, began that connection under Mr. Holmes. Born in
Glasgow, and with a long and varied newspaper experience in England before
coming to this country, he rendered almost every sort of service on the Herald,
as reporter, reviewer and editorial writer. He has certainly been the best
reporter in Boston. I am sure that many who like myself have had to give
addresses from Boston platforms and to preside at public meetings have felt a
grateful relief when they saw Edmund Noble at the reporters' table. I have
often had occasion to reflect upon how much more he knew about the subject
under discussion than the man whom he was reporting. In his off hours he
writes books on philosophy, for his philosophical and scientific interest is unflagging,
and it is always good philosophy. 
        Edward H. Clement was a man loved and honored in Boston like few men
of his time. Born in Chelsea, he was a Bostonian all his life, the very incarnation
of the best Boston spirit. Having spent his student days at Tufts College
during the Civil War, he carried through his life the devotion of that heroic
period to liberty. Profoundly interested in the welfare of the freedmen, immediately
after the war he went to Georgia for service on a Savannah paper. Then
he served on the New York Tribune and New Jersey papers, but soon gravitated
back to Boston, where he belonged. The Transcript celebrated its centenary
in 1930, as Boston celebrated its Tercentenary, but half a century ago it did not
hold a place so prominent as the Traveler. It was Edward Clement who made
the Transcript a Boston institution, a paper that no true Boston family can keep
house without. His old series of articles on Boston journalism in the nineteenth
century is a valuable chapter in the period here surveyed. From 1901 to 1920
he continued the "Listener" column, which Joseph Edgar Chamberlin had
founded in 1887. Mr. Chamberlin, besides wearing a transparent disguise as
the "Nomad," still conducts the "Listener" column with such a wealth of
knowledge, especially of local lore, such good temper and good taste, that his
work is a veritable Boston notion. If there be anywhere in the country more
illuminating musical criticism than that of Philip Hale in the Boston Herald
and H. T. Parker in the Transcript, I do not know where it is. We have been
debtors through the years to Mr. Minot and Mr. Edgett for the fine enthusiasm,
culture and sanity which distinguish the literary name of those journals, and
Bostonians hold that not a few of the "Uncle Dudley" editorials in the Globe
will bear comparison with many numbers of the "Tatler."
        The pre-eminently dignified and representative Boston newspaper half a
century ago was still the old Advertiser. We often wish today that the pages of


                                                       REMINISCENCES                                                    15

our newspapers were smaller, like the papers of Paris and Berlin. But the
Advertiser page was larger than the others, although there were only four pages. 
Illustrations in our newspapers had not then come into vogue; neither, happily,
had the monstrous headlines which we suffer, so that all the papers had a much
more respectable front. The editor of the Advertiser in 1880 was Delano
Goddard, one of the most high-minded men ever connected with the Boston
press. He came to Boston from Worcester, where he had been the editor of the
historic Massachusetts Spy. On the Advertiser staff then or soon after were
Edward Stanwood, afterwards the editor of the "Youth's Companion" and long
the secretary of the Massachusetts Historical Society; and Edwin M. Bacon,
who was afterwards for many years my neighbor on Pinckney street, a man
who held many newspaper positions in Boston and who knew his Boston better
than almost anybody in the town. His little "Dictionary of Boston" is invaluable,
and is only one of half a dozen of his Boston books. He loved Boston as
Charles Lamb loved London, and relished his morning walk around Boston
Common as Doctor Johnson relished a walk down Fleet Street. In the years
when we touched elbows I never knew him to take any other outing - although
he wrote the best book that exists about the Connecticut Valley. The musical
critic of the Advertiser was the popular Louis C. Elson. The dramatic critic
was Henry A. Clapp, as distinguished a figure in his way as Edward Clement,
a representative of what was finest in our newspaper life. He was for a long
period our most accomplished Shakespearean, and his Lowell Lectures were
marked events. 
        Delano Goddard was in 1880 the center of this brilliant Advertiser group. 
His gifted wife, Martha Le Baron Goddard, was a daughter of Plymouth, and
their home on Mount Vernon place, beside the State House, holds a charmed
place in the best Boston memories of that time. Few people now recall Harriet
Preston's striking little novel, "Love in the Nineteenth Century," which
the initiated knew to be a reflection of the Goddard courtship and marriage. I
knew Mrs. Goddard much longer and better than I knew her distinguished
husband, for after his death her home until her death was the same as my own. 
I wonder whether Boston boarding houses of the character of that one still exist. 
The head of that old Pinckney street house was an incarnation of the kindliest
and staunchest spirit of the New England village. Mrs. Goddard, carrying her
sorrow so sweetly, and reversed by all for her resolute activities, was our dean by
divine right. There was a young Technology professor with his bright Wisconsin
wife. There was a young graduate of the Harvard Medical School,
destined to become the head of the state insane asylum in South Carolina. 
Professor Hinckley G. Mitchell, soon to be so conspicuous a heretic, and his
wife were of us. I had known Mitchell as far back as our student days at
Leipzig, where we had adjoining rooms in the same house, with the door between
usually open. He was then and always the painstaking friend and helper of his
circle. Dallas Lore Sharp, in the introduction to Mitchell's unfinished autobiography,
published after his death, paid just tribute to him as one of the
saintliest of men. He was the best Bible scholar I ever knew. His power to
inspire students was almost unexampled; and bishops never did a more bigoted
or foolish thing than when they removed him from his chair at the theological

16     FIFTY YEARS OF BOSTON

school, under the almost universal protest, be it remembered to their praise, of 
the faculty and officials of Boston University.
For a time at the boarding house, Helen Campbell, the author of "Prisoners 
of Poverty," an untiring worker for humanity, was of us. So in some domestic 
interlude was Charles H. Levermore, later the president of Adelphi College at 
Brooklyn, and the winner of the Bok peace prize, but at that earlier time a 
professor of history in the Institute of Technology. So for a year was the 
brilliant Mary M. Kingsbury, already consecrated to social welfare, and destined, 
as Mrs. Simkhovitch, to years to distinguished service as the head of the 
John Street Settlement, in Greenwich Village, New York. There were charming 
girls from places as widely distributed as Greenfield, Washington, Madison, 
and Peoria, studying in Boston schools.
The undisputed autocrat of the breakfast-table and the dinner-table 
was that robust man from Maine, Samuel F. Hubbard, a salient personality, 
smacking of the soil, afterwards for twenty years the superintendent of the 
North End Union, long a marked figure of the Twentieth Century Club and 
the City Club. He was everybody's friend, a man of the tenderest and sturdiest 
sympathy and of what John Hay would call "huge mirth." The Herald once 
published an article about him as "The Most Popular Man in Boston," for 
which caption there was abundant warrant. He was my close friend for almost 
the whole period of these memories, and after my marriage he never failed 
for thirty years to come to us for Christmas Eve, when a score of friends joined 
us for the "Christmas Carol." We always cast him for "Fezziwig," and the 
circle would not have thought the rendering authentic without him. The 
thought of him here brings up pictures of the old Pinckney street boarding 
house and long summer evenings when we sat on the broad roof of the ell, 
which he called "The Lawn," and dreamed across the river to Cambridge 
and the sunset. I wonder, I say, whether such boarding houses still exist 
in Boston. Everybody now without an individual home seems to haunt 
restaurants; but these Boston memories of the last generation would not be 
complete without this representative picture.
The religious journals have always played an important part in our Boston 
life. I have known best in this period the Congregationalist and the Christian 
Register. But Dr. Charles Parkhurst, the editor of Zion's Herald for a 
generation before 1920, was a veritable institution in New England Methodism. 
The Christian Leader has won my growing esteem for its growing devotion to 
the cause of peace. I knew and admired John Boyle O'Reilly and James Jeffrey 
Roche, successively editors of the Pilot and, much more, inspired poets of 
freedom.
There were few men of his time in Boston who knew our Puritan history 
so thoroughly or loved our traditions so fondly as Henry Morton Dexter, for 
years the editor of the Congregationalist. His learned work on "Congregationalism 
as Seen in its Literature" is a storehouse of exact information 
on our origins much broader in its scope than its title implies. Rev. Albert E. 
Dunning, who succeeded him, was stalwartly loyal to the same traditions, 
and his devotion to the peace cause also brought us closely together. Howard 
Bridgman, his successor, stood close to me in many ways. Two editors of the 


REMINISCENCES                                                    17
"Christian Register," George Batchelor and Samuel J. Barrows, were valued 
friends of mine and able men. Mr. Barrows, for some years minister of the 
famous old First Church of Dorchester, at Meeting House Hill, was an accomplished 
historical scholar, especially in the field of our New England beginnings. 
The "Register" office in the Barrows period was a delightful place to look into. 
Mrs. Barrows was a famous stenographer and an all-round enthusiast, and 
Mrs. Emma Marean of Cambridge used to help, and even succeeded Mr. Barrows 
for a time as editor. Mrs. Barrows was much liked and trusted by Dr. 
George E. Ellis, then the venerable president of the Massachusetts Historical 
Society, young friend of Daniel Webster and everybody's friend. Once a 
month for many winters, a dozen persons, in which fortunate circle I was 
included, were invited to his Marlborough street home for supper, Mrs. Barrows 
being entrusted with the inviting. Doctor Ellis did the talking, drawing 
upon an unrivaled experience and acquaintance, and if there were richer 
and more interesting evenings in those days in Boston, they were few and far 
between.
The Boston pulpit fifty years ago and in the next ensuing years saw some 
marked men. The most illustrious preacher was Phillips Brooks, who came 
to his native Boston from Philadelphia in 1870, while Trinity Church was 
still on Summer street, and who died as bishop of Massachusetts in 1894. His 
influence upon the religious life of Boston was incalculable. The power of
his presence was such that his printed sermons reflect inadequately the impressiveness 
of his spoken words. I heard most of the famous preachers of the 
time in England and America -- Beecher, Spurgeon, Liddon, Stanley, Martineau, 
but no one other gave such an immediate sense of inspiration. The Sunday 
afternoons in which so many of us, from many churches, listened to his 
enraptured utterance remain forever sacred memories of divine communication. 
We are fortunate at this time in the gift of Bishop Lawrence's strong and tender 
little book about him, to add to Professor Allen's great biography. Bishop 
Lawrence's other book, "Fifty Years," whose bold and advanced utterances 
precipitated one of the most notable theological controversies of the time, also 
contains a memorable tribute to Phillips Brooks' influence upon himself and 
upon his age. Phillips Brooks was a quickening spirit more than a contributor of 
new thought. After he died we had a memorial meeting at the Twentieth Century 
Club, in the founding of which he had been deeply interested. The speakers 
were his successor, Doctor Donald, and Edward Everett Hale, and Doctor 
Donald's opening word was this: "I shall say little about Phillips Brooks' 
theology; it was simply the theology of Horace Bushnell." If he had said 
Dean Stanley, it would have served as well. Our great Boston preacher was 
the pre-eminent Broad Church preacher of his age. He made the
 Episcopal Church in Massachusetts a different church, and he made Boston a different 
Boston.
George A. Gordon, whom I knew long, came to the Old South Church a 
dozen years after Phillips Brooks came to Trinity, and he occupied the Old 
South pulpit for forty years. His theology was essentially that of Phillips 
Brooks, and it is a question whether his distinctly theological influence in Boston 
and New England was not greater. As the minister of the most historic and

18     FIFTY YEARS OF BOSTON

important Congregational church in the country, he came closer to the prevailing 
order here, and he had a greater tendency and talent for theological 
discussion.
The meteoric career in Boston of William H. H. Murray, first at Park Street 
Church and then at Music Hall, ended just as the half-century began. Murray 
and Gordon both came to Boston from churches in Connecticut, but never 
were two men more unlike in temper and method, although theologically they 
were in essential accord. As Professor Mitchell's trouble was with the bishops, 
Mr. Murray's trouble was with his deacons. If both minister and deacons 
had a little more tolerance and patience, a little more mutual respect for 
varying antecedents and habits, a little more common sense, Mr. Murray's 
Boston story might have been longer and a marked blessing for the town, for 
he was a man of sturdy and noble nature, of rugged honesty and rare powers; 
a great pulpit career was ruthlessly checked.
We always remember that William E. Barton, though his later ministry 
in Chicago was longer and more important, was for years the pastor of the 
Shawmut Church, and he came back to make Massachusetts his permanent 
home for his last years. No other man has done so much as he to conserve 
and enrich the great Lincoln memories. The saintly and intrepid Clara Barton 
of Red Cross memory, a Worcester County girl, was of his family, and his 
biography of her is an invaluable record. He was a prince of speakers for young 
people and no one was more warmly welcomed at our Old South summer lectures. 
Charles Carleton Coffin, the famous Civil War correspondent for the Boston 
Journal and writer of so many splendid books for boys, was long a leading
 member of the Shawmut Church. He was my wife's uncle, and Boston never 
had a more loyal and devoted citizen. Our last association with Mr. Barton 
was at Lausanne in the summer of 1927, when we were together for a week at 
the time of the great Church Conference. At the same hotel with us was 
Bishop Brent, the president and originator of that remarkable conference, who 
also had been the minister of a Boston church.
I first knew Philip Moxom in Cleveland, in my early days of western 
lecturing, soon after 1880. I stumbled into hearing him in his Cleveland 
church, instantly recognizing his rare vitality, and when he came to the First 
Baptist Church in Boston, I confidently anticipated the impress he would make 
upon our religious and intellectual life. Doctor Hale thought him our best 
preacher. He was always one of the Boston group, of which Doctor Hale was 
the leader, which in the May days each year went out to the International 
Arbitration Conferences at Lake Mohonk.
I first met Brooke Herford similarly in the West. He had come to Chicago 
from a most successful ministry at Manchester in England, and his ministry 
in Chicago and afterwards at the Arlington Street Church in Boston was even 
more notable. His mental vigor, warm sympathies, practicality and humanity 
brought a fresh and wholesome current into Boston preaching. He was long 
my neighbor on Pinckney street and I held him in high and affectionate esteem. 
His return to England during the full tide of his success in Boston, a chivalric 
thing on his part, as he felt he was more needed in his fellowship there than 
here, was perhaps a mistake. When we say him in London a few years afterwards, 


REMINISCENCES                                                    19
although he had been the head of an important parish, he was not only 
ill but sad, and his death followed too soon. Doctor Hale's neighbor in Roxbury, 
long minister of the historic church of John Eliot, was James De Normandie, 
a man of beautiful spirit, ripe culture and rare devotion to our New England history.
The minister of the Second Church of Boston, the church of the Mathers 
and of Emerson, during a large part of this half-century, was Edward A. Horton, 
whose death after a long and always so youthful life occurs just as this volume 
is in preparation. I knew him well during the whole half-century, and we 
were responsibly related as directors of the North End Union and otherwise. 
He was president of the Boston Common Association, and care for the Common 
was a very part of his religion. Never was so revered a chaplain of the Massachusetts 
Senate, -a post he held for a full quarter-century. His patriotism 
and his eloquence were fervent and his enthusiasm was inexhaustible. 
Four of the younger men in the Unitarian fellowship were my close friends 
-Paul Revere Frothingham, Edward Cummings, Samuel M. Crothers and 
Charles F. Dole. By sad fatality, the deaths of all came close together. 
Frothingham was of the honored old Boston family to which Dr. N. L. Frothingham, 
so long minister of the First Church, belonged. Succeeding Brooke 
Herford and John Cuckson at Arlington Street while yet a young man, his 
quarter-century there, with his singular purity, straightforwardness and consecration, 
was not only a benediction to the church but to the community. Edward 
Cummings came to the South Congregational just as Paul Frothingham came 
to Arlington Street, first as Doctor Hale's colleague, then as his successor. A 
long-time student of social problems at Harvard and in Europe, and professor 
of sociology at Harvard, he brought to the church the same zeal for social welfare 
which had controlled his life, and Doctor Hale's conspicuous devotion to 
good citizenship and world peace marked his own ministry. It was in his last 
period that Doctor Hale's church was merged with the First Church, I being 
myself one of those happily merged.
Samuel M. Crothers came to the old First Church in Cambridge in 1894, 
half-way in the journey of his life, and during the latter half, at least, of his 
full generation there he was certainly the most interesting man in the Greater 
Boston pulpit. There may have been greater preachers, but he was much 
more than a preacher; he was the many-sided apostle of a humaner and more 
attractive and creditable society, and his dozen volumes of essays were the 
wittiest and most pungent in that period of literary Boston, as subtle in their 
humor, as pregnant in their purpose and as winning in their style as anything 
in Lamb.
Charles F. Dole was not a humorist like Crothers, but he was like him a 
saint. Both cradled in the rigid old orthodoxy, they obtained their freedom 
with varying prices and retained its serious consecration in varying ways. 
With little of the playfulness of Crothers, but all of his kindliness, Dole's 
life was a crusade for a better social order and good will among men. His 
dominant concerns, like Doctor Hale's, were good citizenship and world peace, 
and with a purity and fixity of purpose which haloed him in the minds of all 
who knew him, he worked untiringly, through every agency which he could

20                                                           FIFTY YEARS OF BOSTON 

enlist or create, with a studiousness, a valor, a humility, an uncompromisingness, 
which made him a unique factor in our Boston life. 
     The year after Dole graduated from Andover Theological Seminary, 
a saint, destined to as long a life in Boston as his own, entered the Seminary. 
This was Francis E. Clark, the founder of the great Christian Endeavor Society. 
He went from Andover to a church in Portland, as Dole had done. He came 
from Portland to Boston, as Dole had done, to make Boston his home for the 
rest of his life, and during the later part of that life I knew him well. In 
1880, two years before he came, he had founded the famous society associated 
with his name. Its life just covers the half-century of this survey. The 
Society now numbers five million members all over the world. Boston has 
always been its capital, and it is not too much to say that it has been the most 
important religious movement in the half-century in Boston. Every Christian 
Endeavor Society has also been a Good Citizenship Society and a Peace Society, 
for Francis Clark was a Christian statesman of the highest order, and the 
pervasive good influence of the movement has been incalculable. 
     One of the early converts to the Christian Endeavor movement was a 
Boston boy, named George W. Coleman. He was twenty-three years old 
when he first crossed my path in 1890. He was just back to Boston from a 
shipwreck in the Caribbean, and came to the office of the "New England 
Magazine" for a job, which he found, to our mutual advantage. From us he 
went to the office of Doctor Clark's journal, the "Christian Endeavor World," 
and quickly earned an influential place in the movement, passing then through 
various interests, until he became the president of the Babson Institute. No 
religious worker could have a better inspiration or succession than from Francis 
E. Clark. The Ford Hall Forum, which has made Mr. Coleman best known, 
was started in Boston in 1908, and has exhibited under his control a breadth, 
an energy, an understanding of the real problems of the people, which have 
made it vital and expanding national influence. I welcomed it warmly and 
have watched its growth with great satisfaction. I spoke at the first Ford Hall 
meeting, and was then and for many years one of the directors of the Forum. 
     The two great Boston Unitarian prophets in 1880 were Edward Everett 
Hale and James Freeman Clarke. Both were then at the zenith of their power 
and of their influence in Boston. Doctor Clarke died in 1888 , and Doctor
Hale was his biographer. Doctor Hale lived until 1909, his long life of eighty-seven 
years being almost entirely identified with this city of his birth. Boston 
was always conscious of Doctor Clarke's presence in the town as an inspiration 
and reinforcement of every good cause. He was the revered friend of all our 
intellectual leaders. He was the minister at Emerson's funeral. Doctor 
Holmes spoke of him as our "Saint James." Governor Andrew, Julia Ward 
Howe, and Mary Hemenway belonged to his congregation. So did that most 
useful and devoted citizen, William H. Baldwin, the founder of that splendid 
institution, the Boston Young Men's Christian Union. I was always in close 
touch with Mr. Baldwin, whom I greatly liked, and once or twice every winter I 
went to speak with at his Sunday evening meetings at the Union Hall. 
     I knew Doctor Clarke's successor, Charles G. Ames, better than I knew 
Doctor Clarke; we were close friends during his whole life in Boston. His 

                                                                         REMINISCENCES                                                        21 

was a rare spirit and a rare mind, - the most Emersonian mind in the Boston 
pulpit of the time, expressing itself in the most Emersonian style, sententious, 
pregnant, witty, homely, transcendental, uplifting. In our Twentieth Century 
Club and in every circle which he touched he was an unfailing reliance and 
delight. 
     My relation with Doctor Hale began almost as soon as my life in Boston 
began, and grew ever closer and stronger to the end of his life. I knew him as 
a young admirer knows an illustrious man, in the old Ticknor and Fields days, 
for he was one of the charmed circle at 124 Tremont street, his "Man Without 
a Country" having appeared just before I came there. He took an interest 
in my European studies, and was one of the kindest in welcoming me home. 
Just before I came I had written in London some articles on the English Broad 
Church leaders, Arnold of Rugby, Robertson of Brighton, and Dean Stanley, 
which, published in the "Unitarian Magazine," had won warm praise both 
from him and from James Freeman Clarke. This helped me in my first public 
work, which was a course of lectures at the beginning of 1880 on "Pioneers 
of German Religious Thought" - Lessing, Kant and Fichte. 
     I have sometimes wondered since at the temerity of the venture, for I was 
almost unknown beyond a circle of personal friends, and the subject certainly 
was not popular. But the little Wesleyan Hall in Bromfield street was well 
filled. In a front seat at the first lecture sat a venerable, white-haired man, 
who listened intently, and at the close hastened to grasp my hand and say: 
"I am holding Mr. Alcott. Where can I see you?" Always on the lookout for 
budding Transcendentalists, he had come down especially from Concord and 
the next morning we had a long talk. Charles Allen told me that General 
Banks came in from Waltham for every lecture, and that he was at that time 
profoundly interested in religio-philosophical subjects. Doctor Hale, too, 
came to one of the lectures. I did not know he was there, but the next day 
there came a glowing letter from him, inclosing a commendation of my work, 
which still warms my heart. As I seemed likely to enter upon a career of lecturing, 
he wrote, he thought his letter might help me, and indeed it did. It was 
a representative case of his ubiquitous providence. In hard days that followed, 
the cheer that came to me from evenings in his study at the old home 
in Highland street could not be told. Our public interests largely coincided, 
our co-operation grew ever closer and more constant, and my reverence for 
his memory is one of the sanctities of my life. Among all public men he and 
Howells have meant the most to me; and among all men whom I have ever 
known, in Europe or America, his personality was distinctly the most impressive. 
He lived with full devotion and with all his might in every circle of his 
life. He was the incarnation of the Boston spirit. He loved Massachusetts 
all the way from Cape Cod to Berkshire. But his strong local enthusiasms
were only sustenance and provocation for his life in larger circles. His "Man 
Without a Country" is our patriotic classic. The United States itself was 
only prophecy and program for a united world, and the earth itself was but a 
precinct of the kingdom of heaven in the making. 
     Mr. Howells in 1880 was living in a pretty house with a broad veranda, 
built by William R. Mead, on the top of the hill at Belmont. Mrs. Howells,

22                                                           FIFTY YEARS OF BOSTON 
who was an artist, harking back to the beginning of their married life at Venice,
had inscribed on the library wall the apt Shakespearean phrase, "From Venice
as far as Belmont." Their home was one of my happiest resorts, –– and it was
a joy to sit on the veranda at evening and see the lights come out in Cambridge
and Boston.  Too soon the home was changes to New York, but there,
too, chiefly at the high apartment overlooking Central Park, came happy
reunions. To the end of his life Howells was pre-eminently my "guide, philosopher
and friend," and, as the days go on, he bulks ever larger in my mind.
None of our men of letters since has been his equal, none since the golden age.
An early revival of interest in his novels especially is certain. There have
come none since he wrote so good as "The Rise of Silas Lapham," "A Modern
Instance," "The Landlord at the Lion's Head," "A Hazard of New Fortunes,"
and half a dozen more.  His books of travel in Italy, in Spain, in England,
remain ever charming, and his literary and critical essays are always penetrating
and illuminating.  His love for Boston and Cambridge was abiding
and he sleeps at Mount Auburn. 
        The years following 1880 were the years of the Concord School of Philosophy,
in which, with much of philosophical Boston and Cambridge, I took a
deep interest. My Leipzig studies had been largely in philosophy. Following 
my Wesleyan Hall lectures, I was asked by a group of the young Unitarian
ministers to conduct a class in Kant, which I hope proved half as interesting
to them as it did to me. Some time later I had a Kant class at the Hotel Vendôme. 
Before this last I had a class in Aristotle at the home of Mrs. Kate
Gannett Wells of blessed memory. It was her plan, and she did all the work.
I think forty women must have come and paid a high price for it. I always
believed that, in her untiring beneficence, Mrs. Wells thought that I needed
the money quite as much as they needed Aristotle, which in that critical period
of my apprenticeship was undoubtedly the case. Here again I wonder whether
today a parlor full of busy women could be gathered once a week for eight or
ten weeks for discussions of Aristotle. To the Concord School we went a good
deal, going up by the morning train and coming back only after the evening
session. I remember lecturing three times, on subjects related to Dante,
Fichte, and Emerson. Bronson Alcott and Frank B. Sanborn originated and 
managed the school, which was indeed a noteworthy achievement.  Emerson
often came to the sessions and more than once he lectured, the town hall being
taken for these occasions. John Fiske's "Destiny of Man" and "The Idea
of God" were first read by him at the Concord School. Thomas Davidson,
the philosophic knight errant and keen Aristotelian, was present every
summer. 
        The leading spirit throughout was undeniably William T. Harris. Doctor
Harris. who had had a distinguished educational career as superintendent
of the St. Louis Public Schools, had gathered in St. Louis a noteworthy group
of philosophical students, establishing in this connection the yet more noteworthy
"Journal of Speculative Philosophy." Charles H. Ames, on his western
trips, had come into touch with this movement, and became an ardent disciple
of Doctor Harris, communicating his enthusiasm to me, and my studies of
Doctor Harris's "Journal" were a distinct influence on determining the course

REMINISCENCES                                                        23 
of my work in German philosophy. Doctor Harris, after his St. Louis work,
had taken up his residence in Concord, living in Alcott's old home, the Orchard
House; I think he stayed in Concord up to the time he went to Washington
for his work as the National Commissioner of Education. Ames and I used to go 
up there to visit him, and Sundays there remain elect memories.  Doctor
Harris still seems to me the most comprehensive and penetrating philosophical
thinker we have had in America in this time. 
       It was Doctor Hale who in 1889 persuaded me to join him in editing the
"New England Magazine," a work which we continued together for a year,
when I became the sole editor. This work was one of my chief interests until
1901, when I gave it up to help Edwin Ginn in planning the Word Peace Foundation.
The "New England Magazine" had led a precarious existence for two or
three years before 1889 and when the matter of a new departure, something
more ambitious, came up, Doctor Hale, who always like literary adventures,
and especially like to have editing of some sorts on his hands, urged that this
would be capital organ for me in my Old South work, and other historical and 
political enterprises.
       The Old South historical work had been started tentatively by Mrs. Mary
Hemenway soon after she had made the decisive generous contribution to 
save the Old South Meeting House from destruction in 1876. She resolved that
it should not stand as a mere mausoleum for the great ghosts, but should be a 
living temple of patriotism and especially a school in American history and good
citizenship for the young people of Boston. With the help of other devoted
women, she had arranged various historical lectures and festivals at the Old
South and established prizes for historical essays by members of the graduating
classes in the Boston high schools. This was just as I came home from Germany.
I had been deeply interested while in Leipzig in the saving of the Old South and
was stirred to rather definite visions of the historical and educational uses
which the old Meeting House could be made to serve. I wrote an article about
it, which I sent home to Boston friends, and later Mrs. Goddard brought this
to the attention of Mrs. Hemenway. It proved to be the word for which she
was waiting and she invited me in 1883 to take the direction of the Old South
work and give it the definition and expansion which was possible and necessary. 
The result was that for twenty-five years the Old South work was one of my 
main interests; and few works have given me greater satisfaction. The Old
South summer lectures for young people on the Wednesday afternoons of
July and August, with the old Meeting House always well filled, became something
 of an institution. The prizes for essays were continued, gradually attracting
large numbers of young essayists, and these were duly organized into an
Old South Historical Society, doing excellent work, which still exists.
       There were winter lectures for teachers. Mrs. Hemenway was one of the 
first to recognize John Fiske's ability as a historical writer, and at an early period
secured lectures by him, continued for many years, for the Boston teachers
and general public. Much of the material in his successive historical volumes 
had been previously used in his Old South lectures. Mr. Fiske's history of the 
American Revolution is dedicated "To Mrs. Mary Hemenway in recognition
of the rare foresight and public spirit which saved from destruction one of the

24                                                           FIFTY YEARS OF BOSTON
noblest historical buildings in America and made it a center for the teaching of 
American history and the principles of good citizenship."
        The first president of the Old South Historical Society was Harry L. Southwick,
who by and by became and still continues the president of the Emerson 
School of Oratory. It would be pleasant to name a score of prominent professors,
teachers, journalists and other public workers who found early inspiration
in these associations. The Society organized annual historical pilgrimages
–– to Plymouth, New Bedford, Portsmouth, the Whittier country
and a dozen places –– which proved very popular and drew large numbers.
The Washington's Birthday celebration was the red-letter festival of the year.
At first in connection with the lectures, and then irrespective of them, I undertook
the preparation of the "Old South Leaflets," chiefly reprints of important
historical papers with notes and lists for reading and study, of which two hundred
were issued before I gave up the work. These have proved useful in schools
and colleges throughout the country, carrying the Old South influence a long
way from home.
        Mary Hemenway was one of the most remarkable women in the Boston
of her time. Her patriotism, her generosity and her enthusiasm for education
were unbounded. She started and long maintained the teaching of cooking
for the girls in the Boston schools. More important was her establishment of
courses in physical training and of the Boston Normal School of Gymnastics
to train teachers for the work. This school, liberally endowed, was ultimately
made a department of Wellesley College, then as before under the control of
Miss Amy M. Homans, who for half a lifetime was Mrs. Hemenway's sagacious
and indefatigable helper. For many years I was in close touch with Mrs.
Hemenway and her work, with ever growing regard for her spirit and her 
powers. Years afterward her stately mansion on Mount Vernon street was
purchased by Edwin Ginn and made the headquarters for the World Peace
Foundation, and by an interesting coincidence the beautiful old sitting-room with
its sculptured mantelpiece, where I had spent so many hours with Mrs. Hemenway,
became my own office as director of the Foundation.
        I was editor of the "New England Magazine" from 1889 to 1901. The
work was attractive and appealing, and enabled me to promote many interests
affecting New England history and life, besides furnishing me, in the Editor's
Table, a pulpit for preaching upon the political and social issues of the time. It
was the time of the conflict about Venezuela, our Spanish War and England's 
Boer War, the conquest of the Philippines and the anti-imperialist movement, 
so that there was much occasion for preaching. It was an illustrated magazine,
and my successive young art editors, Louis A. Holman and William F. Kingman,
were fine fellows to work with. Mr. Holman, a Rembrandt enthusiast
among other things, now has a charming print shop on Park street. For a time
I had as assistant a gifted young Canadian, Walter Blackburn Harte, who had
done much good newspaper work before he came to us in Boston, and whose 
literary enthusiasm, love o fright things, patient application and appealing
personality were so rare that I still think with sorrow of his too early death.
        Nothing in this period has been more impressive than the momentous
advance in the higher education. President Eliot's work at Harvard began

REMINISCENCES                                                        25
some years before 1880; and that revolutionary work made him the greatest
figure in the whole history of American education. He found Harvard a small,
although an illustrious, institution; he left it in its teaching body, its student
body and its scope one of the greatest universities in the world. The Massachusetts
Institute of Technology was founded by William B. Rogers shortly 
before President Eliot's term at Harvard began. His brilliant successor,
General Francis A. Walker, I knew well; he was a marked figure in Boston life.
The Institute is today the leading technical school in the United States and
second to none in the world. The life of Boston University almost exactly
covers this half-century. President Warren, its founder, was a great and 
prophetic man. Today the University has more than ten thousand students, 
and its new buildings by the Charles, opposite Harvard, will be one of the finest
academic groups of the country. Wellesley College, like Smith College, came
into being at almost the same time; a generation before that there was not a 
public high school for girls in Boston.
        I have been associated in my life with no other movement, save the cause
of international peace, which I consider of so great import as that for the political
and educational rights of women. There is nothing of which I am prouder than 
the fact that at the same time my wife was president of the Massachusetts
Women Suffrage Association and I was president of the Men's League for
Women Suffrage. The illustrious leaders, Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe,
Ednah D. Cheney and Anna Shaw were my friends. Of the real pioneer, Lucy
Stone, her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell, has just given us a noble biography.
Henry B. Blackwell was as devoted to the cause as his wife. Colonel Higginson 
was equally devoted, as he was to every brave advance, and William Lloyd
Garrison, Jr., and Francis Garrison were untiring workers. In the old Ticknor 
and Fields days Colonel Higginson, already a marked figure in our literary life,
lived at Newport, but he soon returned to Cambridge. I succeeded him as 
president of the Free Religious Association, and the last time that I saw him was
when, in feeble health, he came to our May festival.
        The Free Religious Association was founded in Boston as far back as 1867,
Emerson being one of its founders. In 1903 we commemorated the centenary
of Emerson's birth by a month of lectures upon his work and influence, the
morning lectures at Concord, the evening lectures in Boston. They were by
our best thinkers, Doctor Hale, for instance, giving the address on "Emerson's 
Religion," and had large audiences.
        During my quarter-century as a member of the Massachusetts Historical 
Society, I remember no other meeting so impressive as that commemorating the
fiftieth anniversary of President Eliot's admission to the Society. The memorable
feature was his own address, with his generous tribute to his fellow-workers
at Harvard, who had done so much toward the success of his administration.
It is grateful to know that the noble biography of President Eliot just given us is
the work of the son of William James, that rarest spirit among the Harvard
teachers of his time. I knew him well and loved and honored him In the hall
of memory rise such noble Harvard figures as Charles Carroll Everett, Josiah
Royce, Kuno Francke and William C. Lane; Charles E. Fay of Tufts, my close
friend through this whole period, founder of the Appalachian Club, most daring

26     FIFTY YEARS OF BOSTON
of mountain climbers to the last, and ever ascending spiritual heights; and that 
radiant spirit, Alice Freeman Palmer, whose beautiful biography by Professor 
Palmer is one of the sacramental books.
One of my fellow-students at Leipzig had been G. Stanley Halls. When he 
came home, he lived for some years in one of the Boston suburbs and we were 
much together. Then came his distinguished work at Johns Hopkins, and then 
his work as organizer and first president of Clark University. For a generation 
we were close friends, and during his Worcester life I spent many Sundays with 
him. He was a pioneer and a great stimulator in many fields of our educational 
life.
It was by a startling and sad coincidence that the United States and England, 
the pre-eminent champions of self-government and liberty, at the close 
of the nineteenth century were both engaged simultaneously in gross violation 
of their great tradition, - we in the subjugation of the Philippines and England 
in the Boer War. I often had occasion to treat these subjects together in my 
editorials, and some of these, reprinted as pamphlets, had a considerable reading 
in England. Long afterwards, introduced to the Bishop of Lincoln at a London 
reception, I was amazed to hear him say at once that one of those pamphlets on 
"The Present Crisis" made my name a "household word" in his home. He had 
been a strong "pro-Boer." The first time we ever heard Lloyd-George was at a 
"Pro-Boer" dinner to which William T. Stead took us in 1901, where Stead's 
own speech, with all the inspiration of a Hebrew prophet, was the real event of 
the evening. With the anti-imperialist movement in Boston I had the deepest 
sympathy. Massachusetts was the center of that movement. George F. Hoar 
was the leader in the Senate of the opposition to our course in the Philippines, 
and the venerable George S. Boutwell was the leader of the popular organized 
opposition. I knew both men well, Senator Hoar more in connection with 
historical interests than with anti-imperialism. Mr. Boutwell often came to my 
office at 20 Beacon street, and his political reminiscences of earlier periods and 
men of high significance were memorable. Moorfield Storey, his successor as 
president of the Anti-imperialist League and also of the Association for the 
Advancement of Colored People, was my closer friend, and there have been 
few men in the Boston of my time whom I held in equal honor. From the 
beginning of his life, when he was Charles Sumner's secretary, to the end, he 
threw all the influence of his brilliant personal gifts, his broad scholarship, his 
pre-eminent legal ability and his incisive eloquence into the service of unprivileged 
men and races and into opposition to every form of oppression. Always 
good mannered, never offensive, never asleep, always battling for freedom, he 
was the one man in the Boston of this time who deserves a monument as the 
untiring protestant against injustice and the heroic champion of the rights of men.
In the election of 1900, at the height of the anti-imperialist crusade, I 
supported William J. Bryan for the presidency, which I had not done in 1896. 
By reason of this earnest advocacy, I was to my surprise nominated for Congress 
by the Democrats of my Boston district. I could not accept the nomination, 
as the Republican candidate for re-election was Samuel W. McCall, who besides 
being my friend was as good an anti-imperialist as myself and far better placed 
for influential opposition to the McKinley policies. 


REMINISCENCES   27
I had once before taken a somewhat active part in a presidential campaign. 
This was in 1884, when Boston was the center of the so-called "Mugwump" 
movement. This, it will be remembered, was a secession of a large number 
of prominent Republicans from their party and their support of Grover Cleveland, 
as a protest against the nomination of James G. Blaine. These men 
were largely my friends, and there was much conscience in their campaign. 
But it seemed to me an ill-timed and feebly reasoned virtue, and I was impelled 
to publish a pamphlet about it, "The Case of Mr. Blaine." The organs of 
the "Mugwump" movement were "Harper's Weekly," the "Nation" and the 
Boston Advertiser. The crusade against Mr. Blaine was mainly based upon 
the resurrection of the so-called "Mulligan Letters," certain correspondence 
between Mr. Blaine, then speaker of the House of Representatives, and a 
Boston commercial friend. This friend's bookkeeper, James Mulligan, in 
some spite against Mr. Blaine for fancied neglect, had taken the letters to 
Washington to show them to Mr. Blaine for fancied neglect, had taken the letters to 
Washington to show them to Mr. Blaine's political enemies on the eve of the 
Republican National Convention of 1876, where Mr. Blaine would be the 
leading candidate. The effort was to represent the letters, covering various 
business transactions, as evidence that Mr. Blaine had misused his influence 
in Congress to the unwarranted benefit of his friends in certain western railway 
ventures. I had carefully studied these allegations and become convinced that 
they were groundless. The principal purpose of my pamphlet was to show, 
by detailed citation, that in 1876, when all the letters and the facts were fully 
before the public, every one of the three newspapers now so bitter concerning 
facts which were entirely unchanged had reviewed them in sharp and prolonged 
editorial discussion and had completely vindicated Mr. Blaine. They were 
now opposing him on political grounds, some of which were not creditable, 
and this I claimed was their reason for treating precisely the same facts in a 
contrary way.
The pamphlet made something of a ripple for the moment, and for a time 
I was certainly a "popular author" in the "regular" circle in which I did not 
customarily revolve. These people made a campaign document of it, and 
altogether 250,000 of the pamphlets were sold and given away. I was always 
glad that I published it, because I felt that Mr. Blaine was grossly wronged, 
that he was entitled to election and that he would have given the country a 
distinguished administration. He was a man of brilliant powers and great 
political experience; he had an international mind, and especially a thorough 
understanding of the South American situation. Such a performance as Cleveland's 
Venezuela message, that prolific source of so much jingoism for us, would have 
been impossible to him.
In Boston municipal affairs, especially as concerned the public schools, 
I took a more active interest. I was the secretary of the Boston Municipal 
League almost as long as it existed. The founder, president and real backbone 
of the League was Samuel B. Capen, who was also in its best days president 
of the Boston School Committee. The meetings of the Executive Committee 
of the League were always at Mr. Capen's office on Washington street,- he 
was a member of the well-known firm of Torrey, Bright and Capen,- and I 
still think of the faithful attendance of Rev. Frederick B. Allen and Edwin.

28 FIFTY YEARS OF BOSTON
J. Lewis, the gifted architect, the latter happily still with us. Mr. Allen was a 
singularly consecrated and efficient man. Long the assistant minister at
Trinity Church under Phillips Brooks, he was still longer executive secretary
of the Episcopal City Mission and the head of the Watch and Ward Society.
Whenever a hard job was to be done in Boston, there was Frederick B. Allen
ready to undertake it, and when summer came he went up to his summer home
by Squam Lake and refreshed himself by painting pictures. When May
came, he went with the rest of us for the week at Mohonk; I see him and Moxom
now starting off with their golf sticks for the free afternoon.

Mr. Capen was born in Boston and always identified with Boston; and
Boston never had a better citizen. We were related in many ways. He was
profoundly devoted to the peace cause, always of the Boston group which
went out to the Mohonk Conferences, and one of the trustees of the World
Peace Foundation from the time that Edwin Ginn established it. In his last
years he was president of the American Board for Foreign Missions; and in
its interest he undertook the tour of inspection through Asia which terminated
in his sudden death in Shanghai. He wrote me frequently on the trip — from
Cairo, from Ceylon, from the sea beyond — two letters reaching me after his
death, coming as veritable voices from the beyond. I took part in the memorial
service for him at the Old South Church, at the end of the same week, early
in 1914,  in the beginning of which I had spoken at the memorial meeting for
Edwin Ginn, Mr. Capen's friend and long-time co-worker.

The period of the Boston Municipal League was coincident with the early
days of the Twentieth Century Club, which meant much more to me, and of
which it may perhaps be said that I was the principal founder. The idea of
the Club and its name were not due to me, but to William Ordway Partridge,
the gifted sculptor, who for some years made Boston his home. He was my
good friends, and he wanted me to put the idea through; with some others, he
thought I had a gift for organization. But his idea was of a small group of 
progressive men, with a center of a somewhat Bohemian character, where they
could get together for simple cheer, good dreaming and good talk. This did not 
quite appeal to me, and I had many irons in the fire, but he readily agreed
to my idea of something bolder and bigger. So the Club was launched, "to
promote a finer public spirit and better social order," and it has certainly
justified its existence. In 1893, when it was conceived, many of us were deeply
stirred by Henry George's "Progress and Poverty," the English "Fabian
Essays," and Edward Bellamy's "Looking Backward," all of them considered
dangerous by some of our proper folk, and I felt that a better center for frank
and brave discussion of social reform than anything we then had in Boston
ought to be established. A little group of Bellamy's disciples were already
meeting together, as the "Cold Cut Club," and some of the leaders of this
group joined the new organization, among them Sumner B. Pearmain, who
was the Club's devoted treasurer as long as I was its president. For a long
period after the opening, the equally devoted and efficient secretary was Edward
H. Chandler, who had been associated with Robert A. Woods at the South
End House.

One of the London "Fabians," William Clarke, an old Cambridge University
friend of mine, was her lecturing in 1893, and came to one of our organization

REMINISCENCES                                                        29
meetings. A dozen of us, with Edward Everett Hale and John Fiske giving
their names to head the list, issued the call, and the enterprise had a quick and
warm response. I tried to induce John Fiske to become the president, but he
was a little suspicious of our "socialist" proclivities. I was the president
for eight or nine years; Charles F. Dole, by my desire, succeeded me for a 
yet longer time; then briefly John Graham Brooks, Samuel M. Crothers, George
P. Morris and William C. Crawford; then the longer term of James P. Munroe,
sadly terminated by his sudden death. Mr. Munroe was an indefatigable
good citizen with devotion especially to the Institute of Technology, of which
he was a distinguished graduate, and we had much in common, beginning
with ancestral interests in Lexington. Mr. Brooks' beautiful tributes to Mr. 
Dole and Mr. Crothers should be printed together. His own services for 
industrial and social progress in this country throughout the whole period
here studied were signal.

Almost from the first, the membership of the Club has been of both men
and women. I think it was the first considerable club of the character. There
are six hundred members now, but some of us still think back with pleasure
to the day of small things, when three-score gathered for the Saturday luncheons
at the first rooms in Hancock avenue, and Sam Hubbard was high steward,
chief cooks and head waiter; then to the time when such pioneering social reformers
as Robert A. Woods and Mary Morton Kehew were so active. For
the Club was not simply a talking body, but a very active body, with energetic
committees concerned with many urgent municipal and educational reforms.
Its educational committee, in which Samuel T. Dutton, Dr. Edward N. Hartwell
and Charlotte Barrell Ware were leaders, provided the Boston teachers
with courses of Saturday lectures by Edward Howard Griggs, Patrick Geddes
of Edinburgh and others, of a higher order than they had had before. The
notable series of lectures on beauty in the home drew great audiences and
their counterpart is needed in Boston today. The series of crowded noonday
organ recitals in the churches, originated and managed by Prof. Leo R. Lewis
of Tufts College, was a new public service warmly welcomed and repeated
elsewhere. The memorable midnight meeting in front of the State House,
with twenty thousand people present, to greet the birth of the twentieth century,
was arranged by the Twentieth Century Club. Doctor Hale, who was 
the central figure in the observance, devoted a chapter to it in his "Memories
of a Hundred Years," and I need only to recall attention to that impressive
account.

In the early days of the club there were Wednesday night lectures as
well as the Saturday luncheons, and some of these meetings are outstanding in 
memory. Howells came; so did General Francis A. Walker, with his sharp
impeachment of the strict gold standard in our currency; Keir Hardie and Sidney
Webb from London. President Andrews of Brown University, just back from
some months in Europe and the East, startled us by his picture of the militarism
and jealousies he had found everywhere, warning us that we were living in a 
fool's paradise. This was years before any clear rumblings of the World War,
and many thought, I with others, that he was an alarmist. In fact, one of our
leading Boston editors in the discussion sharply brought him to book for scaring
the people. The cloud then to us no bigger than a man's hand, was all too

30  FIFTY YEARS OF BOSTON

soon to cover the sky. I did not myself discern it until our visit to England 
and Germany in 1907, which I wrote my impressions, published in the "Atlantic 
Monthly" the next year.

It was in 1895, the year after the Twentieth Century Club was established, 
that Cleveland's ill-timed Venezuela message came. The amount of latent 
jingoism and readiness for war with England which it let loose was incredible 
to most of our people. The story is best told in Norman Angell's "Patriotism 
Under Three Flags," where few men in Congress appear in a worse light than 
our own Senator Lodge. The general reaction in Boston and Massachusetts was 
one of amazement and stern condemnation, and never did the Boston pulpit 
render nobler or more necessary service than on the next Sunday. The Twentieth 
Century Club for the only time in its history departed from its rule of not 
passing resolutions, and registered its unanimous protest.

At the Peace Conference at Washington in April, presided over by Senator 
Edmunds, I was one of a large Boston delegation, and President Eliot and 
Edward Everett Hale were prominent figures. Already a year before, the first 
Mohonk Conference on International Arbitration destined to become so signal 
an agency in the American peace movement, had been assembled by Mr. Smiley, 
and the principal address was by Doctor Hale, on international organization, 
especially a permanent international tribunal, as the hopeful means to prevent 
war. The Mohonk Conference of 1896, with the Venezuela message just behind 
it, and with Senator Edmunds presiding, was far more important than that of 
1895. I was the secretary of the Conference that year and for several years 
ensuing, and there was no more devoted or influential group at Mohonk during 
the years up to the World War than the large Boston group.

I had been a member of the American Peace Society for some years before 
the opening of the Mohonk Conferences, and in 1887 in its behalf had taken to 
President Cleveland and to Senator Hoad at Washington the Society's petition 
for action by our government in behalf of international arbitration in accord 
with recent similar action by the British Parliament. In 1892 Dr. Benjamin F. 
Trueblood became general secretary of the Society. Doctor Trueblood was a 
scholar, had been the president of a college in Iowa, knew the history of the 
peace movement better than any other man in the country, and was a forcible 
speaker and writer. He quickly made the "Advocate of Peace" the best peace 
journal in the world; and his survey of the progress of the cause during the year 
was long a distinctive feature of the opening session of the annual Mohonk 
Conference. For most of his term as secretary the president was Robert Treat 
Paine, a leader in so many social welfare activities in Boston; and the two men 
were devoted fellow workers. Boston had been the headquarters of the American 
Peace Society since 1837, when by the earnest invitation of the Massachusetts 
Peace Society, which had been founded by Noah Worcester and 
Channing as far back as 1815, it removed its office here from Hartford. The 
prophetic William Ladd was then its president, and Boston from that time was 
the center of the peace movement in America. In 1911 the American Peace 
Society changed its quarters from Boston to Washington. The World Peace 
Foundation, founded in Boston by Edwin Ginn, had then been firmly 
established.

REMINISCENCES  31

The call for the first Hague Conference, to meet in May, 1899, found 
nowhere in America a warmer response than in Boston. The American Peace 
Society was very active, and the pre-eminent leader both in Boston and in the 
country was Edward Everett Hale. Doctor Hale was the greatest peace 
preacher in the American pulpit of our time. Some years before 1889, when in 
his sermon at Washington on the centenary of Washington's inauguration he 
had prophesied the organization of the nations along the lines of our own national 
federal system, he had declared the peace cause to be one of the paramount 
concerns of the Church. Following the call for the Hague Conference, which 
seemed to him the great fulfillment of his hopes, he, now seventy-six years old, 
crusaded through the country in its behalf from Boston to Chicago, often 
speaking two or three times a day. I was at the time the president of the Massachusetts 
Good Citizenship Society. I felt with my associates that the promotion 
of world order was now a commending concern of good citizenship; and early 
in 1899 I arranged a course of Monday noon addresses at Tremont Temple to 
promote American interest in the approaching Conference. These meetings, 
which were largely attended, were addressed by Doctor Hale, Doctor Trueblood, 
Samuel Gompers, Rev. Reuen Thomas and others, and had a marked influence 
upon our public opinion. 

An interesting incident of our crusade was a visit from Ramsay MacDonald, 
then a young journalist in London and an ardent helper of William T. Stead 
in his crusade there in behalf of the Conference. Stead had started a vigorous 
little paper to promote it, entitled "War Against War," and MacDonald came 
to me with an introduction from Stead to strengthen co-operation between 
the English and American workers. His visit proved the delightful beginning 
of a growing friendship; but we little divined as we talked beside the fire in 
our Pinckney street home that we were entertaining a potential prime minister. 
Doctor Hale liked him as much as we did, and we got up a good meeting for 
him at the church. Doctor Hale, following Stead's example, started a little 
paper for the campaign, "The Peace Crusader," and I used to join him every 
Monday forenoon, to help get it into shape. It was one of the most tragical 
ironies of history that the assembling of the first Hague Peace Conference 
should find both England and the United States engaged in iniquitous conflicts 
with weak and struggling peoples, England in the Boer War and ourselves in 
the subjugation of the Philippines.

In 1901 my wife and I were delegates from the American Peace Society 
to the International Peace Congress at Glasgow, and from that time on to the 
outbreak of the World War we attended many of these Congresses in Europe. 
The idea of International Peace Congresses was first broached in the office of 
the American Peace Society in Boston, by Joseph Sturge of England, and the 
first of these congresses met in London in 1843. After an interregnum came the 
famous congresses at Brussels, Paris, Frankfort and London, in the four years 
beginning with 1848, all promoted largely by the American Peace Society and 
all largely inspired and organized by our own Elihu Burritt. Then came wars; 
and the congresses were not resumed until 1889. The session of 1893 was at 
Chicago, and in 1904 the congress came to Boston. I was the chairman of 
the Executive Committee. It proved the largest Peace Congress that had

32                                                    FIFTY YEARS OF BOSTON

ever been held, sometimes with crowded sessions simultaneously at Tremont 
Temple, Park Street Church and Faneuil Hall.   The opening Consecration 
Service at Symphony Hall on Sunday evening was most impressive. The 
service was conducted by Doctor Hale, with the sermon by Bishop
Percival 
of Hereford, and the singing by the Handel and Haydn Society.     John Hay, 
the Secretary of State, came to give the opening address at Tremont Temple. 
Among the hundred European delegates were William R. Crener, the founder 
of the Interparliamentary Union, and the Baroness 
von Suttner, the cooperation 
of Governor Guild and Mayor Collins, both my good friends, was 
constant.  Patrick A. Collins was the most interesting and attractive personality 
among the Boston mayors of my time. By his invitation I had in 1903 
given the Fourth of  July oration at Faneuil Hall, on "The Principles of the 
Founders," emphasizing as a strong feature, with liberal
appeal to their own 
words, the fact that Washington, Jefferson and Franklin were the pre-eminent
peace statesmen of their age.
       The World Peace Foundation was then already in the making. I had 
been Edwin Ginn's adviser and helper in the work since  1901, and became 
director of the Foundation, continuing in the position, as the chief agency of 
my own peace work, until  1915.  Edwin Ginn was the first 
man in the world 
to give a million dollars for peace education.  The firm of Ginn and Company,
of which he was the head, was the leading educational publishing house in 
Boston.  He had been deeply stirred by the Mohonk Conferences which he 
attended, and it was at one of these that he had first made the proposal which 
developed into the Foundation. He was a man of great force, enthusiasm and 
humanitarianism, and his devotion to the cause of better homes for the people 
was almost as generous as his devotion to world peace. His establishment of 
the World Peace Foundation was the culmination of Boston's long history in 
the peace movement, beginning in 1815 with the founding of the Massachusetts 
Peace Society, which immediately became the strongest Peace Society in the 
world.  It has been one of the greatest movements in Boston's history, in 
which there have been so many great movements.
   Charles Francis Adams, the late president of the Massachusetts Historical 
Society, once said, in emphasizing the import of the great social and political 
truth for whose development Massachusetts stood, that in this light "the 
founding of Boston was fraught with consequences hardly less important than 
those which resulted from the founding of Rome."  True it certainly is that 
Boston has been the cradle of most of the greatest movements in our history 
in these three centuries. She was the chief cradle of the American Revolution, 
of the conflict with slavery, of the movement for the political and educational 
rights of women, of the reform and advance in our religious thought, of American 
literature in its golden age, of the movement for the peace and order of the 
world.  This last has now become the commanding movement
our age.   As 
the great cause of the last century here was the war against slavery, the great 
cause of today, growing ever more urgent during the half-century here surveyed, 
is the war against war. Boston was heroic and prophetic in the past;  
she feels the inspiration of her great traditions today; she will keep the faith 
in the days to come.

M
19, Euston Street, Brookline 
January 16

Dear Miss Blackwell:

I [?] out Edward 
Noble just as you do; and 
he had written me to 
the same [?]. It is 
one of the [?] things in 
our [irrational?] and [?] 
social organization. I [next?] 
[?] of that [?] 
without saying "But by the 
grace of God, there goes 
Edwin Mead."

It happens that in 
a chapter of Boston 
reminiscences which I am 
writing, including a [?] 
of [?] Boston journalism 
in the last fifty 
years, I led in with the 
enclosed. I will see whether 
I cannot put it to some 
immediate use of possible 
benefit to Noble.

Mrs. Mead is Peace-crusading 
in Maryland, 
speaker in Baltimore Sunday, 
and then goes to Washington, 
the "Cause and Cure 
of War" conference.

Yours sincerely,

Edwin Mead

E.D. Mead

ROTARY MEMBERS HEAR 
ECHOES OF WASHINGTON 
AT WEEKLY LUNCHEON
---
Edwin D. Mead Lauds First U.S. 
President in Stirring 
Address
---
"Washington is one of the outstanding 
figures in American history," 
said Edwin D. Mead in his interesting 
talk on the "Life of Washington" 
at the weekly meeting and 
dinner of the Keene Rotary club at 
the Country club Monday. Wallace 
E. Mason, first president of the club, 
presided in the absence of Pres. 
Claude Putnam and Vice President 
Frank C. Huntress.

Refers To Daniel Webster

It is an interesting fact, especially 
to the people of New Hampshire, 
said Mr. Mead in opening, that Daniel 
Webster, New Hampshire's greatest 
son, was born exactly half a 
century after the birth of Washington 
and that we are celebrating the 
150th anniversary of his birth as we 
are now celebrating the 200th anniversary 
of the birth of Washington. 
The most memorable address 
on the centennial of Washington's 
birth, in 1832, was that by Webster 
himself, at the national capital.

In the course of his address Webster 
said, "We are at the point of 
a century after the death of Washington. 
And what a century it has 
been." He surveyed the century 
both as affecting America and Europe, 
and with great eloquence drew 
its impressive lessons for our people.

Mr. Mead himself rapidly surveyed 
that century, speaking of the 
American Revolution, the French 
Revolution, the Napoleonic wars, 
the industrial revolution in England, 
the great men in English literature, 
the golden age in German literature, 
music and philosophy, Washington's 
administration, the influence 
of Jefferson, and the early period 
of the great movement of our 
people into the west. In more detail 
he surveyed the century from 1832 
to 1932, illustrating the survey by 
reference to the course of events 
in his own memory.

When he was born, the Cheshire 
railroad was just finding its way up 
to Keene. The first message over 
the electric telegraph, from Baltimore 
to Washington, was only five 
years before his birth. It was but 
a few years before that the first 
Cunard steamship crossed the Atlantic 
from Liverpool to Boston; and 
the telephone, the phonograph, the radio, the 
automobile and the airplane 
came along afterwards, practically, 
but yesterday, combining to 
revolutionize our whole material 
life.

It has often been said that our 
social and moral development has 
not kept pace with this wonderful 
material development; but the 
speaker did not agree with this view. 
[?]hen he was born, the United States 
[?]asting of itself as the land of the 
[??]ee, was the land of slavery; and 
[?] took a Civil war to put an end to 
[?]at. When he was born, a girl 
[??]uld not receive a high school edu[?]
in Boston; and when by and 
[?], colleges for women were started, 
[?]ow as common as men's colleges, 
the early students were laughed at 
as freaks, as Lucy Stone and Susan 
Anthony and Julia Ward Howe were 
for demanding woman suffrage." 
There were few things of which the 
speaker was prouder of than that 
at the same time his wife had 
been president of the Massachusetts 
Woman Suffrage association and 
he, himself president of the Massachusetts 
Men's League for Woman 
Suffrage. 

The public library movement, 
which has so radically advances public 
intelligence, was practically a 
thing of his life time; and Dublin 
and Peterboro so close to Keene, are 
properly proud of their part in its 
genesis.

Less than 40 years ago, more than 
one-half of all the free public libraries 
in the United States were in 
--Massachusetts, which today has no 
town without a free library. The 
advance of toleration and fellowship 
in religion has been momentous. 
When the speaker left his native 
town of Chesterfield to begin his 
life in Boston, the name of Theodore 
Parker was like a red flag to the 
ordinary religious man.  In 1910, 
the centenary of Parker's birth, he 
was himself invited to give the centennial 
address on Parker at the 
Theological school of Northwestern 
university near Chicago, one of the 
greatest Methodist institutions in 
the country, speaking to 250 students, 
with whom and their dean 
veneration for Parker was a matter 
of course.

The speaker touched upon the 
Civil war, the immense political 
progress of England, the unification 
of Italy and of Germany, the rise of 
the French republic, and the World 


Massachusetts men under General 
Rufus Putnam, who went out in 
1788 to found the state of Ohio, to 
be followed so rapidly by the pioneers 
and founders of new states, 
in a company swelling so fast that 
today htere is vastly more of New 
England west of the Hudson river 
than east of it.

Lauds Washington

"We speak of Washington as first 
in war, first in peace and first in the 
hearts of his countrymen. He was 
the one indispensable man in our 
history. Without his consummate 
leadership, patience and sagacity 
during the long years of the Revolution, 
it is exceedingly doubtful 
whether we could have won the 
war; it is more likely that a peace 
would have been patched up, and 
that we should today hold a position 
much like that of Canada in the 
British Commonwealth Nations. 
But for his leadership and influence 
in the period of disorder following 
the Revolution and as president of 
the Constitutional convention, our 
progress into order and the firm 
establishment of the federal government 
would have been difficult; and 
it was his incomparable wisdom and 
keen knowledge of men and the people's 
confidence in him, which, by 
the eight successive years of his administration, 
guaranteed the success 
of our great experiment.

He summoned the people to sobriety, 
to devotion and to intelligence. 
Jefferson once said that 
"democracy and ignorance can not 
go together"; and Washington felt 
this as profoundly as Jefferson felt 
it. It is a memorable thing, never 
to be forgotten in this republic, that 
both men devoted their thought and 
effort in their last days to the promotion 
of the higher education of 
our people, especially in what concerns 
good government.

"This world is a vastly better 
world to live in than it was when 
George Washington was born in 
1732; and  for its immense political 
advance more is due to the founding 
of the American republic and 
the principles of the Declaration 
of Independence and our federal 
Constitution that to any other 
single factor. The great liberal leaders 
in England itself were heartily 
with us in our opposition to the 
English government in 1775; and 
the honor and admiration of Washington 
today is as universal in 
England as in the United States."
The speaker referred to his recent 
visits to the places in England associated 
with Wshington's ancestors 
and to the important recent Washington 
literature in England in 
illustrating the reverence and popular 
affection which he found.

The closing part of his address 
was devoted to Washington's principles 
concerning war and peace. 
The world's tragedies and sufferings 
since 1914, he said, have been 
due to the world's recreancy to the 
great principles for which Washington, 
Franklin and Jefferson stood. 
They were pre-eminent 
peace statesmen of their time. 

"Cultivate peace and harmony 
with all nations" was Washington's 
charge to his countrymen in his 
Farewell Address, in which he denounced 
great armaments in any 
nation as "hostile to liberty and 
especially to republican liberty." 
Our militarist folk talk sometimes 
about his word on the necessity of
maintaining a "respectable 
defensive posture." His idea of a "respectable 
defensive posture" appears 
from the fact that the annual 
appropriation for it during the 
eight years of his administration 
was $1,000,000. Since that time the 
area of the country has increased 
4 times, its population 30 times, and 
its annual appropriation for "national 
defence" 700 times! This 
bicentary is a good time for people 
in Washington celebrations to take 
account of stock and heed his 
words and example.

"The smiles of heaven," Washington 
said, "can not be expected on 
a nation when it disregards the 
eternal rules of order and right;" 
and a nation never does more 
flagrantly, he said, "than in unjust 
and unnecessary war." To the secretary 
of the American commission 
sent to Europe in 1785 to negotiate 
commercial treaties he wrote, "my f
irst wish is to see war, the plague 
of mankind, banished from the 
earth." He wished "to see the whole 
world in peace and its inhabitants 
one band of brothers striving who 
should contribute most to the happiness 
of mankind."

In a letter to Rochambeau in
1786 he expressed his abhorrence
of "the rage of conquest" among
the nations of Europe and "the effusion 
of human blood for the acquisition
of a little territory;" and he
wrote to Lafayette at the same time,
"it is a strange thing that there
should not be room enough in the 
world for men to live without cutting
one another's throats." In 1789,
the year of his inauguration, he
wrote Rochambeau denouncing
the greed of nations willing to prosper
out of war in other nations. "I 
shall never," he said, "so far divest
myself of the feelings of a man interested
in the happiness of his fel-


Y, APRIL 5, 1928

ally difficult and dangerous
[?] must appear all the more
[?]ature and ill-advised. If the
[?]structional limit has been reached
could sympathize with the ambi-
to do the utmost possible with
[?]chines for which no great im[?]vement
could be expected.  But
long as advance on te mechan-
side is not merely possible but
[?]ng on, skill in flying ought to be
[?]inly devoted to assisting the in-
[?]tors and in steadily raising the
[?]ndards for speed and distance.

From this point of view the too 
[?]ing aviator who simply disap-
[?] into space is a total loss to
[?]iation as well as to society, while
[?]e airman who in the safest pos[?]ble
way keeps an engine going and
[?]plane cleaving the air for hours
[?]nger than his predecessors is a
[?]ioneer of progress. If endurance
[?]n advantageously be combined
[?]ith distance all the better, but en/}urance
and reliability are the es[?]ential 
things. When enough of
[?]hese are assured the aeroplane can
go anywhere, and a new era of aviation 
will begin.
-----
NOTE AND COMMENT
--------
A London dispatch to the New 
York Times says that the novelist
and playwright who wrote under the
[?]ame of "Keble Howard" found it 
[?]mpossible to obtain employment on
{/} London newspaper 30 years ago
because he had attended a university."
At that time Oxford graduates of high honor standing were
editors of two London newspapers--
[?]he times and the Westminster
Gazette.  Accordingly, the discrim[?]nation
against university men was
not absolute. But it may not have
been customary to engage university
men as reporters, and it is improbable 
that at that period many
university men sought employment
as reporters. Happily, the position
of the English reporter has improved
somewhat in 30 years.
"Keble Howard" died on Thursday
at the age of 52. He is said to have
landed his first job on a newspaper 
"by concealing the fact that he had
been at Oxford."
____
Two straw votes last week in
Malden, the home of Gov Fuller,
did not reveal his excellency as
being taken very seriously in that
city as a possible candidate for
p?[resident of the United States. A
[?]cal newspaper's canvass among a
[?]roup of leading citizens revealed
[?]38 first choices of whom 71 were
[?]r Hoover, 30 for Coolidge, 19 for
[?]ler, five for Hughes, two for
[?] and one for Lowden. An


The "Daughters" and the Fatherhs
by EDWIN D. MEAD

Mrs William F. Anderson, the wife
of the Methodist bishop of Massachusetts,
"spoke in meeting" at the conference
of the Massachusetts Daughters
of the American Revolution in
Boston recently in a way that will
win the approbation and gratitude of
all red-blooded people. We have been
hearing a good deal lately of a certain
"blacklist," prepared by a set of reactionaries,
military folk and patrioteers
in New York, of men and
women when they count "undesirable
citizens" of "doubtful loyalty," and
menacing to orthodox society and 
politics, and who ought, therefore, to
be banned from public platforms. The
list is a wholesale and indiscrminate
one, including such men as Bishops
Anderson, Brewster and McConnell,
Rabbi Levi, Rev John Haynes Holmes
and Dr Speight, Dean Pound of the
Harvard Law school, Prof Irving
Fisher of Yale, President Neilson of
Smith college, President Neilson of
Smith college, President Mary E.
Woolley of Mount Holyoke, Jan Addams
and William Allen  White.

The authors of this nefarious production
have sent it out broadcast to
churches, schools, clubs and societies
of all sorts, urging them to permit
none of the persons on the "blacklist"
to address their people: and it has
wrought widespread mischief. A similar
list has been spread by the Industrial
Defense association of Boston.
The New York World and theSpringfield
Republican have been exposing 
the iniquity in detail, in thorouigh
and wholesome fashion, and happily
with the sympathy and co-operation
of the best papers in the country.

The authorities of the Daughters of
the American Revolution incredibly
swallowed the bait and sponsored a 
similar "blacklist" so far as to broadcast 
it to their constituency as
admonition to the faithful. This action
was so glaringly outside the province
of the organization and so repugnant
to its best minds that the protests to
the general officers from members all 
over the country have been very
sharp. Coincidently a general convention
of the Daughters the other day
at Washington, in alliance with other
women's "patriotic" organizations,
sent a spokesman to the Capitol to
bolster the big navy program, at the
very time that the churches and educators
of the country were sending in
their overwhelming protest against it.
Echoes of the resulting conflicts,
ostracisms and persecutions have
reached Boston from points as far
away as Carolina, Florida and Kansas.

Revolt Among the Daughters

They quickly found that they had
gone too far. A resolute and well-organized
revolt appeared in Boston,
and its leaders demanded why the
central body should sanction this action,
offensive to so many, without
some sort of "advice and consent"
from the general membership. The
revolt has been warmly welcomed and
is rapidly spreading among the chapters'
and on the day of Mrs. Anderson's 
protest there appeared in the
Boston papers an energetic letter from
a former prominent officer of the organization
charging that such ligerties
and assumptions on the part of the
national authorities have 


object of the societies to promote.
The annual campaigns for officers in
Washington at the conventions of the
national body of the Daughters convulse
Washington "society" for a
week, and are the only things remembered
after the Daughters depart. No
living person can remember anything
they did or said last year or the year
before touching any question of progressive
public policy or touching the
principles of the American Revolution.
It would be impossible to conceive a
sharper antithesis than that between
the atmosphere of a D. A. R. natioinal
convention and the spirit of the Congress
of 1776 and the convention of
1787.

It is in Washington that the 
Daughters appear at their worst
and that their demonstrationis against
the peacemakers especially have been
most vulgar and violent. Three years
ago, when an international congress
of women was holding its sessions
there, under the presidency of the
countess of Aberdeen, one group of
them, I think Daughters of the War
of 1912--God save the mark!--publicly
appealed to sister groups to join
them in a bodily descent upon the
convention hall to clean the women
out; nor was this an exceptional case
of the sort.

I certainly would not imply that
women are worse than men in their
care for fuss and feathers; they are
not half so bad. The hierarchy of
pompous titles to dear to men in
their "lodges" appals their simpler sisters;
and these would shrink from
the parades with gaudy costumes and
banners, insignia and adornments in
which men proudly strut. But such
vanity as the women possess in this
line seems demonstrated curiously
where it is least fitting, in the societies
dedicated to our democratic fathers.

Great Radicals and Peace Statesmen

Yet surely the principles of the
American Revolution and the great
leaders of the American Revolution
need to be properly celebrated in this
country at this hour, which is precisely
what the Daughters and 
Sons are not doing. The leaders
of the American Revolution and the
founders of the republic were the
great radicals and the pre-eminent 
peace statesmen of their time; yet if
there are two things that scare the
regulation Daughters they are radicalism 
and peace. They are always
identified, in print, with conservatism,
timidity, the proper and the fashion.
They were never known, in print, to
do or say anything in behalf of the
peace cause, the commanding cause
of our age and of the fathers; and
if Samuel Adams or Thomas Jefferson
should stroll into one of their
pink teas, held perhaps to raise a
hundred dollars for a tablet for some
old tavern where he slept, and begin
a speech applying his radical doctrines
to present politics they would be so
terrified that in half an hour half of
them would scurry for the Twentieth
Century Limited.

Washington, Jefferson and Franklin
were prophetic peace statesmen of their time. "My first wish"
said Washington, "is to see war, t
plague of mankind, banished from
earth


He was grad[?]
college, Salem, Va[?]
Yale Divinity school
served in the army as 
1917 and 1918. After receiving
his discharge he served as pastor at
Washington, Ct., for two years and
then was called to the Union church
at Providence. When the Union
church combined with the Plymouth 
parish Mr Bacheler became associate
pastor
---
THE "DAUGHTERS" 
AND THE FATHERS
(Continued From Second Page)
---
for us today to be good citizens or
appropriate men and women.

The possibility and power of the
patriotic women of America at this
critical juncture in the world's history
are unlimited and dazzling. Bt
to realize them they must define themselves
in 20th century terms. They
must ever onward who would keep
abreast of truth; even the truth of 
yesterday becomes a jailer if it is interpreted
according to the letter and
not according to the spirit. Content
with commonplace, the conventional
and the little here is fatal. Their vocation
for the nation must be construed 
as highly as the fathers construed
theirs for these states. The
blood of my Lexington grandfather
refuses to let me believe that our patriotic
societies are not capable of a
new birth and of large and inspiring
contributions to the new order. These
great organizations, in which there are
so many respectable, earnest and genuinely 
patriotic men and women, constitute
an immense potential reservoir
for the promotion, as their sacred vocation, 
of the real and sublime principles
of the founders of the republic.

It cannot be doubted that there are
among them thousands of robust and
aspiring minds not satisfied with dainty
and antiquarian programs, who wait
for the authentic call to the service 
of the high aims which gave birth to
the organizations, and who are thrilled
by the consecration of the founders of
the republic to the great causes of a 
revolutionized politics and a warless
world. The societies have no right to
recreancy. But manifestly there must
be a radical housecleaning.

The new spirit now finding such
vigorous expression among the
Daughters of the American Revolution
warrants hope, and the recent
energetic onslaughts in Boston upon
the "blacklist" and the patrioteers by
Mr Root of the church federation and
Prof Morison of Harvard are an
earnest that the uprising women will
not lack the hearty support of their
brothers. The churches and the
schools are throbbing with the larger 
life and the patriotic societies will
[] to the new imperative.

MEAD, PEACE LEADER, DIES

Had Been Connected With World Movement

Edwin D. Mead, 87, internationally known authority on the peace movement and former director of the World Peace Foundation in Boston, died this morning after a short sickness at a Boston hospital. His equally well-known wife, Mrs. Lucia Ames Mead died last November.
Edwin Doak Mead, as author editor, philospher and educator, had throughout his long life taken a leading part in efforts to cultivate an international spirit of peace He...

Mead

Continued on Page 15

In the course of his address Webster 
said, "We are at the point of 
a century after the death of Washington. 
And what a century it has 
been." He surveyed the century 
both as affecting America and Europe, 
and with great eloquence drew 
its impressive lessons for our people.
   Mr. Mead himself rapidly surveyed 
that century, speaking of the 
American Revolution, the French 
Revolution, the Napoleonic wars, 
the industrial revolution in England, 
the great men in English literature, 
the golden age in German literature, 
music and philosophy, Washington's 
administration, the influence 
of Jefferson, and the early period 
of the great movement of our 
people into the west. In more detail 
he surveyed the century from 1832 
to 1932, illustrating the survey by 
reference to the course of events 
in his own memory. 
   When he was born, the  Cheshire 
railroad was just finding its way up 
to Keene. The first message over 
the electric telegraph, from Baltimore 
to Washington, was only five 
years before his birth. It was but 
a few years before that the first 
Cunard steamship crossed the Atlantic 
from Liverpool to Boston; and 
the telephone, the phonograph, the 
radio, the automobile and the airplane 
came along afterwards, practically, 
but yesterday, combining to 
revolutionize our whole material 
life. 
   It has often been said that our 
social and moral development has 
not kept pace with this wonderful 
material development; but the 
speaker did not agree with this view. 
When he was born, the United States 
was boasting of itself as the land of the 
free, was the land of slavery; and 
took a Civil was to put an end to
When he was born, a girl
could not receive a high school education 
in Boston; and when by and 
by, colleges for women were started, 
now as common as men's colleges, 
the early students were laughed at 
as freaks, as Lucy Stone and Susan 
Anthony and Julia Ward Howe were 
for demanding woman suffrage." 
There were few things of which the 
speaker was prouder of than that 
at the same time his wife had 
been president of the Massachusetts 
Woman Suffrage association and 
he, himself president of the Massachusetts 
Men's League for Woman 
Suffrage.
   The public library movement, 
which has so radically advanced public 
intelligence, was practically a 
thing of his life time; and Dublin 
and Peterboro so close to Keene, are 
properly proud of their part in its 
genesis.
   Less than 40 years ago, more than 
one-half of all the free public libraries 
in the United States were in 
Massachusetts, which today has no 
town without a free library. The 
advance of toleration and fellowship 
in religion has been momentous. 
When the speaker left his native 
town of Chesterfield to begin his 
life in Boston, the name of Theodore 
Parker was like a red flag to the 
ordinary religious man. In 1910, 
the centenary of Parker's birth, he 
was himself invited to give the centennial 
address on Parker at the 
Theological school of Northwestern 
University near Chicago9, one of the 
greatest Methodist institutions in 
the country, speaking to 250 students, 
with whom and their dean 
veneration for Parker was a matter 
of course. 
   The speaker touched upon the 
Civil war, the immense political 
progress of England, the unification 
of Italy and of Germany, the rise of 
the  French republic, and the World 
war. These were some of the events 
of the century following Webster's 
great centennial oration on Washington 
in 1832.
   "The two surveys would help us 
to understand what has happened 
since Washington was born and in 
what a changed world we live."
             Abstract of Address
   "We  are at the point of two centuries 
after the birth of Washington." 
continued Mr. Mead. "How 
do his character and services appear 
a century after Webster spoke?" 
"What were those services? What 
had he done in his early life that 
warranted his being called to the 
command of the  American army 
at the beginning of the Revolution. 
That was in 1775, and he was 43 
years old. He had earned the general 
recognition and honor because 
of the conspicuous ability he had 
sown in the war on the frontier, 
which was a part of the long struggle 
between England and France for 
North America. That struggle was 
the most important thing in American 
history before the Revolution, 
if indeed not more important than 
that; for the victory of Wolfe at 
Quebec in 1759 determined that this 
North America should be New England 
and not new France, - and the 
speaker proceeded to show what 
that meant in human history. It 
marked the beginning of "Washington's 
own interest in the opening 
of the great west, which Mr. Mead 
pronounced the most important 
movement in our history following 
the revolution. Washington was its 
great prophet and pioneer the personal 
friend and helper of the 

go together; and Washington left 
his as profoundly as Jefferson felt 
it,. I is a memorable thing, never 
to be forgotten in this republic, that 
both men devoted their thought and 
effort in their last days to the promotion 
of the higher education of 
our people, especially in what concerns 
good government.
   "This world is a vastly better 
world to live in that it was when 
George Washington was born in 
1732; and for its immense political 
advance more is due to the founding 
of the American republic and 
the principles of the Declaration 
of Independence and our federal 
Constitution than to any other 
single factor. The great liberal leaders 
in England itself were heartily 
with us in our opposition to the 
English government in 1775; and 
the honor and admiration of Washington 
today is as universal in England as in 
the United States." 
The speaker referred to his recent 
visits to the places in England associated 
with Washington's ancestors 
and to the important recent Washington 
literature in England in 
illustrating the reverence and popular 
affection which he found. 
   The closing part of his address 
was devoted to Washington's principles 
concerning war and peace. 
The world's tragedies and sufferings 
since 1914, he said, have been 
due to the world's recreancy to the 
great principles for which Washington, 
Franklin and Jefferson 
stood. They were the pre-eminent 
peace statesmen of their time. 
   "Cultivate peace and harmony 
with all nations," was Washington's 
charge to his countrymen in his 
Farewell Address, in which he denounced 
great armaments in any 
nation as "hostile to liberty and 
especially to republican liberty." 
Our militarist fold talk sometimes 
about his word on the necessity of 
maintaining a "respectable defense 
posture." His idea of a respectable 
defense posture appears 
from the fact that the annual 
appropriation for it during the 
eight years of his administration 
was $1,000,000. since that time the 
area of the country has increased 
4 times, its population 30 times, and 
its annual appropriation for "nation 
defence" 700 times! This 
bicentary is a good time for people 
in Washington celebrations to take 
account of stock and heed his 
words and his example.
   "The smiles of heaven," Washington 
said, "can not be expected on 
a nation when it disregards the 
eternal rules of order and right;" 
and a nation never does more 
flagrantly, he said, "than in unjust 
and unnecessary war." To the secretary 
of the  American commission 
sent to Europe in 1785 to negotiate 
commercial treaties he wrote, "my 
first wish is to see war, the plague 
of mankind, banished from the 
earth." He wished "to see the whole 
world in peace and its inhabitants 
one band of brothers striving who 
should contribute most to the happiness 
of mankind."
   In a letter to Rochambeau in 
1786 he expressed his abhorrence 
of "the rage of conquest" among 
the nations of Europe and "the effusion 
of human blood for the acquisition 
of a little territory;" and he 
wrote to Lafayette at the same time, 
"it is a strange thing that there 
should not be room enough in the 
world for men to live without cutting 
one another' throats." In 1789, 
the year of his inauguration, he 
wrote to Rochambeau denouncing 
the greed of nations willing to prosper 
out of war in other nations. "I 
shall never, " he said, "so far divest 
myself of the feeling of a man interested 
in the happiness of his fellow 
man as to wish that my country's 
prosperity might be based on 
the ruins of that of other nations." 
In an address to congress in 1792 
he urges that we "guard against 
those acts of our own citizens 
which might disturb peace with 
other nations, and particularly to 
prevent those aggressions on the 
territory of the other nations which 
furnish just subject of complaint 
and might endanger peace with 
them." An honest and magnanimous 
policy and the solid rewards 
of public prosperity" in his judgment 
go together.
   Washington and the great founders 
of our republic were starting a 
new era for mankind; and they 
would have taken slight interest 
in their brave experiment if they 
had not felt this. It was to be an 
era in which the horary  old war 
system was to give way to a system 
of international peace and cooperation. 
Already their union of states 
in a national federation, with a supreme 
court to settle disputes between 
the states, has proved a 
mighty prophecy and preparation 
for the federation of nations in a 
united world, founded by an American 
president, but t which by the 
most mournful irony in history, and 
by bitter partisanship at the moment 
we are the only great civilized 
nation to stand unrelated.
   Let us learn from Washington 
and his great associates  our duty 
for the future. Their wisdom for 
yesterday will be good for tomorrow.
   William H. Ryan spoke briefly on 


APRIL 5, 1928                                                              3

ally difficult and dangerous
ts must appear all the more
mature and ill-advised. If the
structional limit has been reached
could sympathize with the ambi-
to do the utmost possible with
hines for which no great im-
vement could be expected. But
long as advance on the mechan
side is not merely possible by
ng on, skill in flying ought to be
inly devoted to assisting the in-
tors and in steadily raising the
ndards for speed and distance. 
From this point of view the too
ring aviator who simply disap-
rs into space is a total loss to
iation as well as to society, while
e airman who in the safest possible
way keeps an engine going and
place cleaving the air for hours
nger than his predecessors is a
pioneer of progress. If endurance
n advantageously be combined
with distance all the better, but endurance
and reliability are the essential
things. When enough of
hese are assured the airplane can
go anywhere, and a new era of aviation
will begin. 

NOTE AND COMMENT

   A London dispatch to the New
York Times says that the novelist
and playwright who wrote under the
name of "Keble Howard" found it
impossible to obtain employment on
London newspaper 30 years ago
because he had attended a university."
At that time Oxford graduates
of high honor standing were
editors of two London newspapers - 
the Times and the Westminster
Gazette. Accordingly, the discrimination
against university men was
not absolute. But it may not have
been customary to engage university
men as reporters, and it is improbable 
that at that period many
university men sought employment
as reporters. Happily, the position
of the English reporter has improved
somewhat in 30 years. 
"Keble Howard" died on Thursday
at the age of 52. He is said to have
landed his first job on a newspaper
"by concealing the fact that he had
'been at Oxford."

   Two straw votes last week in
Malden, the home of Gov Fuller
did not reveal his excellency as
being taken very seriously in that
city as a possible candidate for
resident of the United States. A
cal newspaper's canvass among a
roup of leading citizens revealed
28 first choices of whom 1 were
r Hoover, 30 for Coolidge, 19 for
ler, five for Hughes, two for
and one for Lowden. An

The "Daughters" and the Fathers"
By EDWIN D. MEAD

Mrs. William F. Anderson, the wife 
of the Methodist bishop of Massachusetts, 
"spoke in meeting" at the conference 
of the Massachusetts Daughters 
of the American Revolution in 
Boston recently in a way that will 
win the approbation and gratitude of 
all red-blooded people. We have been 
hearing a good deal lately of a certain 
"blacklist," prepared by a set of reactionaries, 
in military folk and patrioteers 
in New York, of men and 
women when they count "undesirable
citizens" of "doubtful loyalty," and
menacing to orthodox society and
politics, and who ought, therefore, to
be banned from public platforms. The
list is a wholesale and indiscriminate
one, including such men as Bishops
Anderson, Brewster and McConnell,
Rabbi Levi, Rev John Haynes Holmes
and Dr Speight, Dean Pound of the
Harvard Law school, Prof Irving
Fisher of Yale, President Neilson of
Smith college, President May E. 
Woolley of Mount Holyoke, Jane Addams
and William Allen White. 
   The authors of this nefarious production
have sent it out broadcast to
churches, schools, clubs and societies
of all sorts, urging them to permit
none of the persons on the "blacklist"
to address their people; and it has
wrought widespread mischief. A similar
list has been spread by the Industrial
Defense association of Boston. 
The New York World and the Springfield
Republican have been exposing
the iniquity in detail, in thorough
and wholesome fashion, and happily
with the sympathy and co-operation
of the best papers in the country. 
   The authorities of the Daughters of
the American Revolution incredibly
swallowed the bait and sponsored a
similar "blacklist" so far as to broadcast
it to their constituency as
admonition to the faithful. This action
was so glaringly outside the province
of the organization and so repugnant
to its best minds that the protests to
the general officers from members all
over the country have been very
sharp. Coincidently a general convention
of the Daughters the other day
at Washington, in alliance with other
women's "patriotic" organizations,
sent a spokesman to the Capitol to
bolster the big navy program, at the
very time that the churches and educators
of the country were sending in
their overwhelming protest against it. 
Echoes of the resulting conflicts,
ostracisms and persecutions have
reached Boston from points as far
away as Carolina, Florida and Kansas. 
        Revolt Among the Daughters
   They quickly found that they had
gone too far. A resolute and well-organized
revolt appeared in Boston,
and its leaders demanded why the
central body should sanction this action,
offensive to so many, without
some sort of "advice and consent"
from the general membership. The
revolt has been warmly welcomed and
is rapidly spreading among the chapters;
and on the day of Mrs Anderson's
protest there appeared in the
Boston papers an energetic letter from
a former prominent officer of the organization
charging that such liberties
and assumptions on the part of the
national authorities have been
mon. Mrs Anderson
ored official,
demanded
on whi
pear

object of the societies to promote. 
The annual campaigns for officers in
Washington at the conventions of the 
national body of the Daughters convulse
Washington "society" for a
week, and are the only things remembered
after the Daughters depart. No
living person can remember anything
they did or said last year or the year
before touching any question of progressive
public policy or touching the
principles of the American Revolution. 
It would be impossible to conceive a
sharper antithesis than that between
the atmosphere of a D. A. R. national
convention and the spirit of the Congress
of 1776 and the convention of
1787. 
   it is in Washington that the
Daughters appear at their worst
and that their demonstrations against
the peacemakers especially have been
most vulgar and violent. Three years
ago, when an international congress
of women was holding its sessions
there, under the presidency of the
countess of Aberdeen, one group of
them, I think Daughters of the War
of 1912 - God save the mark! - publicly
appealed to sister groups to join
them in a bodily descent upon the
convention hall to clean the women
out; not was this an exceptional case
of the sort. 
   I certainly would not imply that
women are worse than men in their
care for fuss and feathers; they are
not half so bad. The hierarchy of
pompous titles so dear to men in
their "lodges" appeals their simpler sisters;
and these would shrink from
the parades with gaudy costumes and
banners, insignia and adornments in
which men proudly strut. But such
vanity as the women possess in this
line seems demonstrated curiously
where it is least fitting, in the societies
dedicated to our democratic fathers. 
Great Radicals and Peace Statesmen
   Yet surely the principles of the
American Revolution and the great
leaders of the American Revolution
need to be properly celebrated in this
country at this hour, which is precisely
what the Daughters and
Songs are not doing. The leaders
of the American Revolution and the
founders of the republic were the
great radicals and the pre-eminent
peace statesmen of their time; yet if
there are two things that scare the
regulation Daughters they are radicalism
and peace. They are always
identified, in print, with conservatism,
timidity, the proper and the fashion. 
They were never known, in print, to
do or say anything in behalf of the
peace cause, the commanding cause
of our age and of the fathers; and
if Samuel Adams or Thomas Jefferson
should stroll into one of their
pink teas, held perhaps to raise a
hundred dollars for a tablet for some
old tavern where he slept, and begin
a speech applying his radical doctrines
to present politics they would be so
terrified that in half an hour half of
them would scurry for the Twentieth
Century Limited. 
   Washington, Jefferson and Franklin
were the prophetic peace statesmen
of their time. "My first wish,"
said Washington, "is to see war, the
plague of mankind, banished from the
earth." Franklin said
"There was good


   He was grad
college, Salem, V
Yale Divinity school
served in the army as
ing 1917 and 1918. After receiving
his discharge he served as pastor at
Washington, Ct., for two years and
then was called to the Union church
at Providence. When the Union
church combined with the Plymouth
parish Mr Bacheler became associate
pastor

THE "DAUGHTERS"
          AND THE FATHERS
    (Continued From Second Page)

for us today to be good citizens or
appropriate men and women. 
   The possibility and power of the
patriotic women of America at this
critical juncture in the world's history
are unlimited and dazzling. But
to realize them they must define themselves
in 20th century terms. They
must ever onward who would keep
abreast of truth; even the truth of
yesterday becomes a jailer if it is interpreted
according to the letter and
not according to the spirit. Content
with commonplace, the conventional
and the little here is fatal. Their vocation
for the nation must be construed
as highly as the fathers construed
theirs for these states. The
blood of my Lexington grandfather
refuses to let me believe that our patriotic
societies are not capable of a
new birth and of large and inspiring
contributions to the new order. These
great organizations, in which there are
so many respectable, earnest and genuinely
patriotic men and women, constitute
an immense potential reservoir
for the promotion, as their sacred vocation,
of the real and sublime principles
of the founders of the republic. 
   It cannot be doubted that there are
among them thousands of robust and
aspiring minds not satisfied with dainty
and antiquarian programs, who wait
for the authentic call to the service
of the high aims which gave birth to
the organizations, and who are thrilled
by the consecration of the founders of
the republic to the great causes of a
revolutionized politics and a warless
world. The societies have no right to
recreancy. But manifestly there must
be a radical housecleaning. 
   The new spirit now finding such
vigorous expression among the
Daughters of the American Revolution
warrants hope, and the recent
energetic onslaughts in Boston upon
the "blacklist" and the patrioteers by
Mr Root of the church federation and
Prof Morison of Harvard are an
earnest that the uprising women will
not lack the hearty support of their
brothers. The churches and the
schools are throbbing with the larger
life and the patriotic societies will
to the new imperative. 


MEAD, PEACE
       LEADER, DIES

Had Been Connected With
       World Movement

   Edwin D. Mead, 87, internationally
known authority on the peace
movement and former director of
the World Peace Foundation in
Boston, died this morning after a
short sickness at a Boston hospital. 
His equally well-known wife, Mrs
Lucia Ames Mead, died last November. 
   Edwin Doak Mead, as author, editor,
philosopher and educator, had
throughout his long life taken a
leading part in efforts to cultivate
an international spirit of peace. He

                            Mead

           Continued on Page 15

ALSTEAD 
   Mrs. Mabel Metaled and Miss Mabel 
Still spent two days last week 
at Center Harbor where Miss Alma 
Metcalf is spending the summer. 
   Mrs. Ainger of River street, has 
been ill for the past two weeks with 
shingles. 
   Mrs. John Britton, who is still 
confined to her bed, had as callers 
Sunday her old neighbors, Mr. 
and Mrs. Walter Wilson of Gilsum, 
whom she had not seen for a 
long time. 
   Mrs. Fred Ramsey went to Readsville, 
Vt., Sunday to see her new 
granddaughter. 
   The road agent and helpers were 
busy one day last week repairing 
the floor of the bridge near the post-
office. 
   Herbert Muzzey is shingling the 
west side of his house and at the 
same time adding a dormer window 
in a room which later he intends to 
have for a bath room. Ralph Jacobs 
is helping with the work. 
   Evidently Alstead is a good field 
for carnivals or traveling shows as 
last Sunday another one moved to 
Millot green, only one week after the 
other had left town. 
   An item in the Cold river news 
last week reports that Mr. and Mrs. 
Leon Stone and three children had 
been visiting relatives there and had 
brought the news that Mr. Stone 
had been the "lucky one to draw the 
prize as janitor for the new Federal 
building in Claremont." Mr. Stone 
had been out of work for two months 
and on part time for the past two 
years. This may be of interest to 
some of the Alstead people as Mrs. 
Stone was formerly Miss Marceline 
Anderson of Alstead. 
   A family party of 12 had supper 
together last Wednesday at the
George Bowhay home in honor of 
George Bowhay's 21st birthday anniversary. 
   Rev. and Mrs. Sten Bugge and 
children expect to sail next Saturday 
for Norway, Mr. Bugge's native 
country, for a few months' visit. Mr.
Bugge expects to return to his work 
in China in January. 
   Miss Elizabeth Trow is entertaining 
her friend, Miss Loraine Bechard
of Tilton. 
   Worthy of mention among the visitors 
at Vilas pool on Sunday was 
Mrs. Emily T. Morton of Greenfield, 
Mass. Mrs. Morton observed her 
100th birthday anniversary only a 
few days before she was at the pool
and she signed her name in the visitors' 
book without the aid of 
glasses. She said she had been up 
in an air plane only a day or two 
previous to her coming here and was 
very enthusiastic over the ride. 
   Cheshire and Sullivan Country 
Pomona granges are to have their 
annual field day and basket picnic 
at Vilas pool next Wednesday, Aug. 
10. There is to be a special program 
in the afternoon with a speaker 
in the person of Charles M. 
Gardner of Springfield, Mass., High 
Priest of Demeter. 

                  Church News 
   Rev. Norman S. Davis, Minister 
   Morning worship at East Alstead 
at 10 a. m., followed by Sunday 
school at 11. Morning service at the 
Federated church at 11.15 preceded 
by Sunday school at 10; young people's 
service at 7.30. Preaching service 
at Langdon at 2, preceded by 
Sunday school at 1. Sunday school 
at Alstead Center at 3.30. 
   There was an attendance of 51 at 
the Federated Sunday school last 
Sunday, including several visitors. 
There were two birthday offerings. 
   The bouquet of gladioli in the village 
church Sunday morning came 
from Marshall Bragg's garden. After
the service they were to the 
sick. 
   At the evening meeting at the Federated church Rev. Sten Bugge
gave a very interesting talk on 
China at the time of the flood a year 
ago and of his work at that time 
and during the months following. 
Charles King read the scripture lesson 
which preceded the talk. By 
general consent the evening's offering 
was given toward work in China. 
   The Vacation Bible school opened 
Monday morning and will continue 
through the week. 
   The United Ladies' Aid held its 
picnic at Vilas pool last Thursday.
There were about 25 present. 

          EAST SWANZEY 
   The Bible vacation school 
closed Friday after a very successful 
two weeks' session. A program of 
songs, etc., was put on in the Community 
house chapel Friday afternoon, 
and the work exhibited, done 
by the children, was very good. in 
the display were dresses, pillow tops, 
vases, waste paper baskets, scroll 
saw work, book-ends and a screen 
which was presented to the Sunday 
school. 
   The next regular meeting of the 
Woman's club will be held at Swanzey 
lake Thursday, Aug. 11, with the 
usual covered dish dinner at noon. 
The dinner committee will be announced 
later. 
   Clark Whittemore and Gale Newell 
have returned from Camp Takodah, 
and Marjory Nelson went to 

   Mrs. Rufus H. Priest and daughter 
Patricia of Cranford, N. J., and Miss 
Jeanette Rallou of Richmond were 
visitors of Mrs. Edward L. Jewett
last week. 

            MUNSONVILLE 
   Mrs. Elmer Boyer of Lynn, Mass., 
was the guest of her sister, Mrs. 
Susie A. McClure, last week. 
   Mrs. Mullane, her daughter, Miss
Helen and a friend from New York, 
visited at "Seldom Inn" over the 
week-end. 
   Miss H. Jane Holt, who spent the 
winter in Keene, has returned to 
her home in Nelson. 
   Mr. and Mrs. W. L. Farnham and 
two daughter of New York City 
have taken a cottage near Granite 
lake for the month of August. 
   Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth D. McClure 
spent last Sunday with 
friends in Lynn, Mass. 
   A meeting was held here in the 
hall last Thursday by the residents 
of this town to make suggestions 
in regard to apprehending the author 
of the recent burglaries or to 
get information which would be of 
use therein. 
   Dr. A. N. McKechnie, who spent 
the month of July at his cottage, 
has returned to his practice in 
Cambridge, Mass. 
   Sunday morning at the M. E. 
church Mrs. Marie Faehnie rendered 
a sacred solo entitled, "Spirit of
God," which was much enjoyed 
and appreciated. Rev. J. E. Coulter's 
discourse, "The Beam in Your 
Own Eye," was attentively listened 
to by a good sized congregation, 
some coming from Keene. Next 
Sunday morning "In the Beginning 
Was God" will be the sermon subject. 

         Successful Minstrel Show 
   There was a large attendance at 
the minstrel performance given by 
young ladies from the Swastika 
camp last Friday evening at the M. 
E. church. The auditorium of the 
church being filled with a pleased 
audience. The program consisted 
of the usual local and funny jokes
by the end men, vocal solos and 
special dances including an unusually 
finely executed "toe dance" by 
Miss Myrtle Hopkinson. Mrs. Marie 
Faehnle was the director and 
Miss Barbara Edward was the interloctor, 
the Misses Barbara Colburn, 
Mildren Eckhoff and Elsie
Upton were the soloists. Florence 
McLean and Mayoue Tracy were 
the clog dancers and Alice McLane 
gave a skipping rope tap dance. 
Another pleasing feature was the 
trumpet solo by Miss Hokinson. 
Miss Mary Boyle was the accompanist. 
Several encores were demanded. 
   At the close of the minstrel pat 
of the program the pastor, Rev. 
J. E. Coulter, gave a short Victrola
recital of unusual and worthwhile
records, some recorded in Europe. 
   A neat sum will be added to the 
church treasury as a result of the 
affair.

                    JAFFREY
   Mrs. Eugene Beauregard with h
baby, Bettina Ann, returned fr
Winchenden hospital on Frid
Both are doing well. 
   Mrs. Josie Elmes and Miss Gr
Stansfield spent the day in Bost
on Thursday, going and coming
bus, and report a delightful trip. 
   Miss Jean Hunnewell of Belmon
Mass., has been spending a week
with her aunt, Mrs. Silas E. Buck,
at Sunnycrest. 
   The past week has been a very
busy one at the Oribe Tea barn,
about 50 guests being served each
day. 
   Miss Mary Holman of Boston has
been spending the past week with
her friend, Miss Ida Merriam at
Miss Lucia Cutter's. 
   Mrs. Frank Prichard and daughter
Ann of Philadelphia have been
spending a week with her sister,
Miss A. E. Tilton. After Aug. 1 she
will occupy Mrs. John Mitchell's
house for six weeks. 
   The Ladies' society of the church
will hold its annual fair Aug. 17,
Any contributions of fancy articles,
food, candy, vegetables or secondhand,
will be appreciated. 
   Rev. David E. Adams, D. D., of
Marietta, Ohio, occupied the pulpit
Sunday morning and preached a
fine sermon. Mrs. Lawrence Hemmingway
of Pelham, N. Y., was the
soloist. 
   Dr. and Mrs. Rolph Kingsley and
son Rollie arrived on Saturday
from Great Neck, N. Y., and will
occupy the tenement in the East
side of "Grand View."
   Mrs. Emma Mitchell and Miss
Genevieve Stearns went to Cambridge,
Mass., Monday to remain
until the middle of September. 
   Mr. and Mrs. B. F. Cann returned
on Saturday from a two weeks
visit in Augusta, North Harpswell,
and Bridgton, Me.
   A delightful birthday party was
held at the Greene bungalow on
Saturday evening the guest of
honor being Mrs. Will Hunnewell
of Belmont, Mass.


4                                          THE SPRINGFIELD W

EASTERN RAILS
  TO MERGE INTO
    FOUR SYSTEMS

New Haven Road Goes to
   Pennsylvania, B. & A. to N.
   Y. Central, B. & M. to
   Nickel Plate, Is Report

MAJOR PROVISIONS
           ARE AGREED UPON

Executives Meet Today
   While Stock Market Fight
   For Advantageous Position
   Continues - Presence of
   Three Systems Entering
   Boston Assures New England
   of Competitive Situation

   Washington, April 4 - Both executive
and financial interests in the
railroads are now prepared to go
ahead full speed in a series of consolidations
which within a few years
will unify these properties into a
limited number of great systems,
according to Representative James
S. Parker of New York. 
         New England Distribution
   As chairman of the House committee
on interstate commerce and author
of the Parker railroad consolidation
bill, Parker's position has given
unequaled opportunities for intimate
knowledge of the subject. He believes
the long period of hesitation and uncertainty
is near its end, and that as
soon as needed legislation can be
passed accomplishment will follow
rapidly. 
   "There is every reason to expect
that the plans for four great systems
in the East will be carried out," said
Mr Parker. "They will be based on
the Pennsylvania, the New York
Central, the Baltimore & Ohio and the
Nickel Plate. Yes, I am confident the
Nickel Plate program will be carried
out."
   Asked his understanding of the
ultimate distribution of New England
roads, Mr Parker said: -
   "Undoubtedly the New Haven will
be assigned to the Pennsylvania system. 
Probably the Boston & Albany
will go to the New York Central, giving
the latter a Boston terminal; and
it is likely that the Boston & Maine
will go into the Nickel Plate system. 
This will give Boston three of the
four great eastern systems, and assure
New England a strong competitive
situation."

cutives Meet Today;
boy Struggles O

Direct Descendant
     Of English King is
             Granted Divorce

   Chicago, April 4 - Mrs Agnes
Leonard Thompson, who is a
direct descendant of King Edward
III of England, was granted a
divorce today from Louis B. 
Thompson, Washington sculptor. 
When Mrs Thompson appeared
before Judge Sabath, she produced
credentials to show that her
lineal ancestry dates back to the
time King Edward ruled England
in the 14th century. She also produced
evidence to show that her
husband treated her cruelly. 

FRAMINGHAM MAN
  HELD FOR MURDER
    OF MISS STEWART

Frederick H. Knowlton,
  Electrical Supply Dealer,
  Arrested in office of District
  Attorney
   Cambridge, April 5 - (AP) - Frederick
H. Knowlton, 34-year-old Framingham
electrical supply dealer, was
arrested at 13.20 this morning in the
office of District-Attorney Robert T. 
Bushnell of Middlesex county as a
suspect in connection with the murder
of Miss Marguerite Stewart of
Worcester, Beverly school teacher,
whose body was found beside the
Cambridge-Concord turnpike last Friday. 
   In announcing Knowlton's detention
District-Attorney Bushnell said the
man would be arraigned in the Concord
district court today on a formal
charge of murder. 
   Knowlton was brought to Cambridge
at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon
by State Detectives O'Neil and Sherlock,
who have been conducting the
investigation of Miss Stewart's death. 
He had been under questioning almost
continuously since that time. 
   Dist-Atty Bushnell said that Knowlton
at first denied any acquaintance
with Miss Stewart, but later admitted
meeting her on her Thursday nights
off duty at the Beverly School for the
Deaf at which she taught. 
   He said that he met her by previous
arrangement in Framingham
last Thursday evening at 9 and left
her near the school at 10.30. Miss
Stewart was last seen alive at 7 o'clock
that night and her body was found
at the roadside the next morning. 
   The district-attorney said that investigation
had disclosed that on Saturday,
March 31, the day after Miss
Stewart's body was found, Knowlton
had "washed and renovated" his car
with chloride of lime. 
   Knowlton is married and is the
father of one child. 

BOWLES ASSURED
  FEDERAL BUILDING
                  ADEQUATE

PRICES TUMBLE
AS BRITISH GI
UP RUBBER BA

Quotations Drop 6 1/2 Ce
   a Pound at New Yo
   After Premier Baldwi
   London Announcement

RESTRICTION SCHEME
   WILL END NOVEMBER

Price of Crude Rubber No
   Just Half That of Year Ag
   - Manufacturers Wh
   Have Bought a Ahea
   Face Heavy Losses -
   American Development
   Abroad May Be Abandoned

   New York, April 4 - (AP) - Crud
rubber prices dropped to 21 cents
pound, the lowest since August
1924, in frenzied trading on th
New York Rubber exchange today. 
   Announcement in Parliament b
Premier Baldwin that rubber expor
restrictions under the Stevenson ac
would be removed November 1 apparently
took the trade by surprise
and the subsequent rush to sel
forced prices down about 6 1/2 cent
a pound. More than $5,000,000
worth of rubber changed hands. 
      Modified Restrictions Expected
   The market opened with prices
about a half-cent a pound lower, the
trade expecting that the British
premier would announce some sort of
modification plan to take effect gradually,
News that export restrictions
would be removed entirely sent operators
swarming into the trading ring, 
frantically trying to sell futures for
which there were few buyers, and before
noon prices had dropped five
cents a pound. 
   The new prices represent a decline
of about 20 cents for the year. 
   All records for volume of business
in one hour and in one day on the
rubber exchange were broken. 
   At 21 cents a pound, rubber is selling
at exactly one-half the price British
rubber interests tried to establish
as a minimum under the Stevenson
restrictions act of 1922, which held
exports of rubber from British possessions
to about 60 per cent of capacity. 
The restrictions apparently
had the effect of reducing production
about 50 per cent. 

Premier's Announcement
   Like Bombshell at London
   London, April - (AP) - The St
enson rubber restriction sch
under which the proportion of
permitted to be expected
Mala

Rev. and Mrs. Sten Bugge and
children expect to sail next Saturday
for Norway, Mr. Bugge's native
country, for a few months' visit.  Mr. 
Bugge expects to return to his work
in China in January.
Miss Elizabeth Trow is entertaining
her friend, Miss Loraine Bechard
of Tilton.
Worthy of mention among the visitors
at Vilas pool on Sunday was
Mrs. Emily T. Morton of Greenfield,
Mass.  Mrs. Morton observed her
100th birthday anniversary only a
few days before she was at the pool
and she signed her name in the visitors'
book without the aid of
glasses.  She said she had been up
in an air plane only a day or two
previous to her coming here and was
very enthusiastic over the ride.
Cheshire and Sullivan County
Pomona granges are to have their
annual field day and basket picnic
at Vilas pool next Wednesday, Aug.
10.  There is to be a special program
in the afternoon with a speaker
in the person of Charles M.
Gardner of Springfield, Mass., High
Priest of Demeter.
Church News
Rev. Norman S. Davis, Minister
Morning worship at East Alstead
at 10 a. m., followed by Sunday
school at 11.  Morning service at the
Federated church at 11.15 preceded
by Sunday school at 10; young people's
service at Langdon at 2, preceded by
Sunday school at 1.  Sunday school
at Alstead Center at 3.30.
There was an attendance of 51 at
the Federated Sunday school last
Sunday, including several visitors.
There were two birthday offerings.
The bouquet of gladioli in the village 
church Sunday morning came
from Marshall Bragg's garden.  After
the service they were sent to the
sick.
At the evening meeting at the
Federated church Rev. Sten Bugge
gave a very interesting talk on
China at the time of the flood a year
ago and of his work at that time
and during the months following.
Charles King read the scripture lesson
which preceded the talk.  By
general consent the evening's offering
was given toward work in China.
The Vacation Bible school opened
Monday morning and will continue
through the week.
The United Ladies' Aid held its
picnic at Vilas pool last Thursday.
There were about 25 present.
EAST SWANZEY
The Bible vacation school
closed Friday after a very successful
two weeks' session.  A program of
songs, etc., was put on in the Community
house chapel Friday afternoon,
and the work exhibited, done
by the children, was very good.  In
the display were dresses, pillow tops,
vases, waste paper baskets, scrool
saw work, book-ends and a screen
which was presented to the Sunday
school.
The next regular meeting of the
Woman's club will be held at Swanzey
lake Thursday, Aug. 11, with the
usual covered dish dinner at noon.
The dinner committee will be announced
later.
Clark Whittemore and Gale Newell
have returned from Camp Takodah,
and Marjory Nelson went to
the camp Friday for a two weeks' 
stay.
Miss Florence Martin and brother
Winfred, Jr., of Weston, Mass., came
Sunday for a visit at the home of
their grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. A.
A. Whitcomb.
M. H. Carlton and family started
Monday on a camping trip through
the White mountains.  Russell Martin
is acting as mail carrier during
Mr. Carlton's absence.
Chester Lane and daughter Ruth,
Mr. and Mrs. K. P. Lane and little
"Billie," and Mrs. and Mrs. C. L. Lane
are camping at Stoddard pond.
Mr. and Mrs. Snow of Somerville,
Mass., were recent guests at Walter
Alexander's.
Gordon Weber and family are visiting
Mrs. H. C. Weber.
SULLIVAN
The Ladies' Aid society will meet
with Mrs. Philip Barrett at the parsonage 
next Wednesday afternoon,
Aug. 10.
Mr. and Mrs. Roscoe Thompson
and four children of Stoneham,
Mass., and Miss Elsie Hardy of Canton,
Mass., send the week-end with
Mr. and Mrs. Frank L. Rawson.
Church services will be held next
Sunday at 12; Sunday school at 11.
Everyone welcome.
Mrs. Willard M. Jewett and
daughter Viola dn Mrs. and Mrs.
Lester Higgins of Winchendon,
Mass., were visitors at E. L. Jewett's
Saturday.
Mrs. and Mrs. George Benware and
children of Langdon spend last week 
with Mrs. Margaret Nims.

young ladies from the Swastika
camp last Friday evening at the M.
E. church.  The auditorium of the
church being filled with a pleased
audience.  The program consisted
of the usual local and funny jokes
by the end men, vocal solos and
special dances including an usually
finely executed "toe dance" by
Miss Myrtle Hopkinson.  Mrs. Marie
Fachnle was the director and
Miss Barbara Edward was the interloctor,
the Misses Barbara Colburn,
Mildred Eckhoff and Elsie 
Upton were the soloists.  Forence
McLean and Mayoue Tracy were
the clog dancers and Alice McLane
gave a skipping rope tap dance.
Another pleasing feature was the
trumpet solo by Miss Hopkinson.
Miss Mary Boyle was the accompanist.
Several encores were demanded.
At the close of the minstrel part
of the program the pastor, Rev.
 J. E. Coulter, gave a short Victrola
recital of unusual and worthwhile
records, some recorded in Europe.
A neat sum will be added to the
church treasury as a result of the
affair.
JAFFREY
Mrs. Eugene Beauregard with her
baby, Bettina Ann, returned from
Winchenden hospital on Friday.
Both are doing well.
Mrs. Josie Elmes and Miss Gr[?]
Stansfield spend the day in Boston
on Thursday, going and coming
bus, and report a delightful trip.
Miss Jean Hunnewell of Belmont,
Mass., has been spending a week
with her aunt, Mrs. Silas E. Buck,
at Sunnycrest.
The past week has been a very
busy one at the Oribe Tea barn,
about 50 guests being served each 
day.
Miss Mary Holman of Boston has
been spending the past week with
her friend, Miss Ida Merriam at
Miss Lucia Cutter's.
Mrs. Frank Prichard and daughter
Ann of Philadelphia have been
spending a week with her sister,
Miss A. E. Tilton.  After Aug. 1 she
will occupy Mrs. John Mitchell's
house for six weeks.
The Ladies' society of the church
will hold its annual fair Aug. 17.
Any contributions of fancy articles,
food, candy, vegetables or second-hand,
will be appreciated.
Rev. David E. Adams, D. D., of
Marietta, Ohio, occupied the pulpit
Sunday morning and preached a
fine sermon.  Mrs. Lawrence Hemingway
of Pelham, N. Y, was the
soloist.
Dr. and Mrs. Rolph Kingsley and
son Rollie arrived on Saturday
from Great Neck, N. Y., and will
occupy the tenement in the East
side of "Grand View."
Mrs. Emma Mitchel and Miss
Genevieve Stearns went to Cambridge,
Mass., Monday to remain
until the middle of September.
Mrs. and Mrs. B. F. Cann returned
on Saturday from a two weeks
visit in Augusta, North Harpswell,
and Bridgton, Me.
A delightful birthday party was
held at the Greene bungalow on
Saturday evening with the guest of
honor being Mrs. Will Hunnewell
of Belmont, Mass.
The annual meeting of the V. I. S.
was held on Saturday evening in
Melville academy with a goodly
number in attendance.  The old
board of officers was reelected, with
the exception of Mrs. D. C. Torrey
and Mr. Lucius C. Ryce as vice
president and Miss Carrie Fernald
as corresponding secretary.
EAST JAFFREY
Among those in town who will
take fresh air children are, Mrs.
Stephen Record and Mrs. Oliver LaValley.
A Saturday night concert was
given by the Wilton band in town
at 8 o'clock.  A large crowd of townspeople
and out-of-town visitors
gathered to hear the fine music.
The Democrats of the town will
hold a caucus in the police station
on Wednesday evening, Aug. 3, at
7 o'clock.  Supporters of that party
are requested to be present.
East Jaffrey A. C. baseball team
played a game at Hummiston park,
Sunday afternoon, in which they
were defeated by the Antrim A. C.
team.  The final score was Antrim
7, East Jaffrey 5.
Joe Cournoyer's College Nine defeated
the Week-End Whackers
Friday evening in the first twilight
game every played by any team in
East Jaffrey.  The college men
scored in every inning, the final 
score being, College Nine 11, Week-End
Whackers 1.  Sensational hitting
and fielding was done by the College
Nine, without making any errors.







BOSTON HERALD, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1926
PROF. BARNES'S HISTORY
By EDWIN D. MEAD
There has been a great deal of talk
about Harry Elmer Barnes's book on
the origin of the world war, talk about
the book itself and about the action of
the Brookline Public Library in excluding
it.  About the latter it would hardly
seem possible that there should be two
opinions among sensible people; it was
a silly performance.  It is a second unenviable
notoriety.  A few years ago
the trustees of the library similarly excluded
Prof. Chaffee's book on "Freedom
of Speech."  That was at a time
when a lot of people were very nervous,
when men suspected of sedition were
meting deported by the hundreds in ways
we are now ashamed of, and safety to
great groups of respectable citizens
seems to depend on hush.  As soon as
sanity returned, everybody saw that
Prof. Chaffee's book was really a conservative
book, with the necessary
limits of free speech clearly pointed
out; and the ban on his book was doubtless
removed at the Brookline library
long ago.  Such explosions have given
the library a reputation quite undeserved;
for it is one of the best public 
libraries in the state, and one of the 
best administered
The reason given for the exclusion of
Prof. Barnes's book was that, according
to the responsible "reader," it contained
mistakes.  That is a maelstrom that
would engulf a great many ships, a bit
proportion of the histories afloat.  It
would banish from the shelves, for instance,
Henry Cabot Lodge's life of
Alexander Hamilton and his life of
Daniel Webster.  In the chapter on the
constitution in his life of Hamilton, Mr.
Lodge outlines (correctly) Hamilton's
plan for the constitution submitted by
him to the constitutional convention of
1787.
According to this plan, the President
and senators were to hold office for life
or during good behavior, and be elected
by the class holding real estate,
and the governors of the various states
were to be appointed by the President.
This plan,, says Mr. Lodge (page 61),
"did not differ essentially in details
from that finally adopted"--a "mistake"
certainly more startling than any perpetrated
by Prof. Barnes.  Have the
trustees of the Brookline Public Library
discovered this and directed the withholding
of the book from circulation?
Have they taken similar action concerning
Mr. Lodge's life of Webster?
In his chapter on the 7th of March
speech in that volume Mr. Lodge pronounced
his judgment on that speech
there expressed irrevocable by historians
and the world of thought.  In less
than 20 years Senator Hoar, who had
once thought about this speech as Mr.
Lodge did, publicly declared that he
had revoked his judgment; and surely
the trustees of the Brookline library
know that Prof. Foster's monograph on
the subject has shipwrecked the whole
chapter.  Have they taken corresponding
action?  These illustrations, touching
books well known to everybody, are
as good as others; but every reader
familiar with histories can supply a
dozen of his own.  Moreover, it would
be beside the mark.  Few people believe
that the trouble with Prof. Barnes's
book for that trustees' "reader" was its
mistakes; it was the implication of the
alleged mistakes.  He remembered half
a dozen books with opposite bias as full
of mistakes at least which got through
the door with no stumbling-stones.  Mr.
Hughes's vulgar new life of Washington
is so full of untruths that one can
hardly find the truths between them;
yet Prof. Hart's devastating criticism of
it might almost be matched with warrant
in the review of half a dozen decent
lives of Washington, full of inaccurate
statements and superficial estimates,
which along with the prurient
and tawdry biographies hold their unchallenged
place on the shelves of a
hundred libraries.
WHAT ENGLISH WRITERS SAY
But we do not need to travel beyond
the world war, which is the immediate
ground of controversy.  Does not everybody
know that the early books about
its causes and character, almost all of
the books before 1920, are full of statements
now concededly false?  We need
not go beyond the English books, with
which most of us are most familiar.
Every one of the three responsible English
statesmen--Asquith, Lloyd George
and Sir Edward Grey--has publicly declared
that his understanding of things
in 1914 was mistaken.  Mr. Asquith has
expressed his sense of the highly accidental\precipitation of the war by the
strong declaration that one man, Von
Bieberstein, the predecessor of Lichnowsky
as German ambassador at London,
could, had he lived, have prevented
the war.  Mr. Lloyd George, whose wild
fulminations during the general election
of 1918, will be recalled, said three
years later that he was convinced that
none of the European rulers really
wanted the war, but that the nations
glided or staggered into it together.
Lord Grey himself, who conducted the

viction of mistake in details, in a path
bristling with puzzling details, in which
path he was a pioneer, he kept steadily
on, turning on the the light.  Prof. Barnes
has done the same.
But Prof. Barnes, the flock of his
critics urge, is "biased."  It is to be
hoped that he is.  Some of us sympathize
with Prime Minister Baldwin, who said
to the gathering of history teachers in
London the other day that he card to
read no histories that were not biased;
he found no others vital or interesting,
and he could make his own allowances.
There are few histories worth reading
that are not biased.  Does Thucydides
leave it in doubt where his sympathies
lie?  Macaulay's history of England is a
sustained Whig pamphlet.  Green's history
of the English people, the most
popular and the most appealing of all
English histories, is in its treatment of
the 17th century a great panegyric on
Puritanism in its long struggle with the
Stuart kings.  The best history of the
American revolution is that by the English
Trevelyan, with the American bias
throughout.
HISTORIANS MAY HAVE BIAS
The noblest single historical work, in
my judgment, ever written by an American,
Motley's "Rise of the Dutch Republic,"
is almost an oration in celebration
of the heroic men of Holland in
their long conflict with the tyranny and
bigotry of Spain.  If a man starts out,
says Carlyle, with the idea that something
can be said on both sides of
every question, and that he will undertake
to say it, he is not likely to do
much for the cause that needs his help.
His own Cromwell history does not
leave us in any doubt about his "bias."
The notion that men of conviction care
less for truth than indifferent men, and
are less capable of telling the truth, is
nonsense.
Prof. Barnes is a man of conviction
and of enthusiasm, with a bias for justice
and humanity.  His valuable work
in penology shows that, and all his histories
show it.  He is not merely a historian
of war and politics, but of
thought and civilization.  As he is not
half so old as I am, he is of course very
young.  But that is a sin we rapidly
repent of; and when he is twice as old
as he is now, he will, if he follows the
prevailing course, be free enough from
"bias" to satisfy the most fastidious.
Rightly or wrongly, this young scholar
became convinced that the Versailles
treaty and the "wartime thesis" fashionable
in England and the United
States were based on falsehood and injustice,
pregnant with mischief to the
world, and that it was his duty to say
so and, so far as it was in his power,
to demonstrate it; and this he has tried
to do, with untiring research, with unfailing
courtesy to his worth critics,
with forwardness always to compare
notes, and with impressive ability.
Mistakes?  Of course he has made mistakes;
and no man will write on this
complex and overwhelming subject for
the next 50 years who will not make
mistakes.  It cannot fairly be said that
he has made more mistakes than the
men whose "bias" is that of the Versailles
treaty and the "wartime thesis";
and no writer on the war has, by his
copious citation of authorities, given
his critics or the general reader ampler
material with which to check him up.
Such articles as his in the New Republic
last month, defending his positions,
with the utmost friendliness, from
the contrary contentions of Lowes Dickinson
and others, are models of polemics
in the striving for truth.  Many of
our best historians do not graduate
their conclusions as he does; but there
is no robust mind which does not hold
him in respect.  His critics are chiefly
the nice scholars who have never been
stirred by the momentous issues deeply
enough even to define and declare their
position one way or the other.
I am certainly no thick and thin champion
of Prof. Barnes.  I often take exception
and raise questions as I read
him.  He is a crusader, and most crusaders
have the defects of their qualities,
in rapid inferences and sometimes
dogmatism.  He will be in less danger
of this when he is twice 35, and mean
time he has the wholesome merit of
knowing that the time has passed for
taking two bites at a cherry in these
mighty matters.  The point of moment
is that he and Prof. Fay have won out.
I do not mean that they may not be
convicted of errors and ill balance; they
will probably often convict themselves.
I mean that they have rendered forever
impossible in this country such discussions
of the character and causes of
the world war as were common and orthodox
here half a dozen years ago, and
I am sorry for any man, if I ought not
rather to felicitate him upon an omniscience
to which I do not dare to aspire,
who says that he can find nothing
enlightening or important in their books.
EARLY EXPERIENCES ABROAD
I think that I have read more war
literature than most men, and I may
perhaps becomingly claim to have had
a better preparation for it than some.
I lived and studied for years in England
and Germany, and since my student
days I have often visited both
countries for considerable periods.  I
know both peoples well, and I therefore
have a profound respect for both.  I was
in Germany, with that noble peace
prophet, Paul Frothingham, whom we
mourn today, when the war broke out.
I spent the next month in London, and

tish sovereign. The hereditary
, a family possession since 1743,
could not renounce. Through
her merit nor fault of his own
was the eighth Earl of Ports-
th. Yet he could not take his
among the papers without tak-
the oath of allegiance to the
g. One can understand how he
as he said: "I never shall for-
e my mountain home in Wyom-
; I have made my home here and
ave my friends here." But must
home he made be sacrificed to
earldom he inherited? Not nec-
rily. By a way of compromise
may be retained, though not
out the very reluctant laying
n of American citizenship. 
or the sake of his family - per-
s especially for the sake of his
st son, who had been an officer
he British army during the world
- Lord Portsmouth finally felt it
duty to relinquish his citizenship
in order to fill his place in the
ish peerage. He wishes now to
through with the formalities
kly, not waiting five years for
tissu naturalization, because, as
says, being 65, he is not exactly
pring chicken and it would be
her trying to wait so long. The
sing of a private bill by Parlia-
nt would permit his early en-
nce. Lord Portsmouth has gone
London to see about this, after
ix months' visit to the ranch, and
s he intends to repeat annually,
ugh his nominally permanent
micile will be the old family man-
n, Barton House, Devonshire. 
hether on this side of the Atlantic
the other he may be as good an
merican as ever, or at any rate a
culiarly fitting link between the
o peoples. 

Does the account of Canadian soil
ntributing to agricultural fertility
this side of the international line,
call the story of the Indiana man,
a meeting in 1861, called to dis-
ss whether the Southern states
ould be allowed to go in peace -
ho broke out: "What, give the,
e Mississippi river when we fur-
sh all the water?"

The death of Charles F. Morse at
e age of 87 recalls the enormous
rk done by the Bostonians of his
neration in constructing railroads
the developing West. 

The fish and game associations
old remember that fifty nature
eps can enjoy the flight-song of
woodcock whose bones only one
ner can pick. 

Poland's prosperity as reported
Governor Harding is all the more
itable because achieved by the
ion of members long torn apart. 

he Harvard boys' essays on eat-
make it plain that the modern
gian wants eating facilities
and where he wants them. 

e American Queen of Charles-
ow visiting Berlin may puzzle
of the royalists who are weak
estern geography. 

tlegging Chile and Peru to cede
Arica bodily to Bolivia, Sec-
Kelloff wisely takes two
by the horn. 

course, that new "trachoma
" for the Arizona Indians is
ti-trachoma school. 

ere would Miss Sears stop if
old run for office as well as
n walk for home?

en Marie did not put Rumania
map; she shoved it off the
the front page. 

undesired elevated structures
ponderous monument to the
dum. 

mid-continent is learning that
not drain its lakes and have
too. 

n D. can pay his doctors no
compliment than by outliving

at bothers Mexico is not so
her neighbors as their grip. 

if that Hall jury knows what
or Simpson thinks of it?

   And left her little daughter
      For years and years and years.
         QUEEN OF THE SUBURBS.

   It was Swinburne who said of the 
Musset-George Sand liaison: "Alfred 
was a terrible flirt and George did not 
behave as a perfect gentleman."

As the World Wags:
   I wish to offer, through your column, 
my sincere apology to Richard Cheney, 
the canary. I wrote, "Sixteen years and 
seven months is a venerable age for a 
canary," and behold, when printed, it 
read, "no venerable age." I respect age, 
even that of a canary.               A. B. C.

   There is no more dangerous will-o'-the-wisp 
that a man can chase than 
consistency,-Sir Austen Chamberlain.
   Compare Walt Whitman's defiant assertion:
   "Do I contradict myself?
   Very well, then I contradict myself.
   (I am large, I contain multitudes)."

                   OLD V. YOUNG
As the World Wags:
   It was after Satie's "Trois Petites Pieces 
Montees" in Mr. Stuart Mason's 
first People's Sunday concert, when, in 
the row behind me, a rather lively controversy 
developed.
   "How did you like it, Daddy?" asked 
the bright little girl of about 13, "aux 
cheveux de lin."
   "I don't like it at all; them pieces are 
too damned deep for me. I like music 
with some expression in it, as they play 
in the 'Pops'. I like some pieces of 
Wag-, Wag-, Wagner, or whatever 
they call it."
   "Oh, but I like it! We like it! Don't 
we, Charlie?"
   "I like it, dandy," replied the obedient 
little brother.
   "I don't," almost shouted the disgusted 
pater familias, continuously repeating 
his refrain: "It's too damned 
deep for me!"
   And so they kept on, senza fine. 
   Will the two generations-old and 
young- ever agree in this world of ours?
   I'm much afraid "them" arguments 
will never stop.
   Boston.      EUGENE GRUENBERG.

                            VARIA
As the World Wags:
   The first hundred biscuits are the 
hardest. If you haven't a newspaper 
or a girl of your own, don't gawk at the 
one the other fellow has. When you've 
made your bed. lie in it-don't try to 
lie out of it. Justice is surely blind 
when aviators, who are rapidly conquering 
the air, are frequently killed 
while saxophone players, who never 
will conquer it, go unharmed. After the 
thrill of the first few engagements wears 
off, there's nothing for the debutante 
to do but to marry some one. Producers 
have finally succeeded in eliminating 
the flicker from motion pictures and 
are already well on their way toward 
removing the plots. There are always 
two ways to talk a traffic officer out of 
giving you a ticket: The right way and 
the way you tried it. It maybe that 
love makes her blink her big eyes and 
touch them as if she would weep; yes, 
maybe it's love when she dreamily 
sighs-and maybe she's falling asleep.
                      ABRIZ GHARTARZHON.

                  SOUND ADVICE
As the World Wags:
(From the London Chronicle, Reprinted in 
   the Annual Register of 1759, pp. 424-6.)
     "ON BOARDING SCHOOLS FOR 
                          GIRLS"
   "French and dancing is also to be 
taught at these schools... as to 
the last... I shall only mention
... that it would be of much more 
consequence that they should be well 
instructed how to wash the floor than 
how to dance upon it. They should be 
well instructed in all kinds of plain 
work, reading, writing, accompts, pastry, 
pickling, preserving, and other 
branches of cookery; be taught to weave 
and wash lace and other linen. Thus 
instructed, they may be a great comfort 
and assistance to their parents and 
husbands; they are sure to be respected 
as useful members of society; whereas 
young ladies are the most useless of all 
God's creatures..."
                                               VEE DEE.

            CHRISTMAS MEMORIES
As the World Wags:
   The beautiful old custom of singing
Christmas carols is being revived - it
is a wonderful thing. I well remember
the last time I sang carols - Christmas
eve - the snow swirled gently
through the air, dropping softly to the
ground like a shimmering veil; faintly,
from the distance, came the sounds of
Christmas chimes, rising on the air and
falling like a benediction on the peaceful
village - the Christmas spirit filled
the night; as I sang, my voice rising in
youthful ecstasy above the rest, a kindly
old gentleman raised his window and
listened in rapt silence; there was an
expression of kindly benevolence in his
eyes, when - ah, never will I forget that
silver-haired old gentleman - the dirty
bum poured a bucket of icy water down
my neck.                             HERBLOCK. 

   A Bishop would be more angry if you
told him he was not a gentleman than
if you told him he was not a Christian -
Dean Inge. 

   My desire is to write a great and
beautiful book - and instead I have become
the beloved author of a feminine
tea-party kind of audience, the mild
and low-spirited people who would like
to think the world a finer place than
they have any reason for doing - A. C.
Benson's Diary. 

   At 20 we want the world. At 30 we
want a quiet corner in it. At 40 - well,
I'll tell you some time - when I've found
out. - Miss Storm Jameson. 

him to the constitutional convention of
1787. 
   According to this plan, the President
and senators were to hold office for life
or during good behavior, and be elected
by the class holding real estate,
and the governors of the various states
were to be appointed by the President. 
This plan,, says Mr. Lodge (page 61),
"did not differ essentially in details
from that finally adopted" - a "mistake"
certainly more startling than any perpetrated
by Prof. Barnes. Have the
trustees of the Brookline Public Library
discovered this and directed the withholding
of the book from circulation?
Have they taken similar action concerning
Mr. Lodge's life of Webster?
In his chapter on the 7th of March
speech in that volume Mr. Lodge pronounced
his judgment on that speech
there expressed irrevocable by historians
and the world of thought. In less
than 20 years Senator Hoar, who had
once thought about this speech as Mr. 
Lodge did, publicly declared that he
had revoked his judgment; and surely
the trustees of the Brookline library
know that Prof. Foster's monograph on
the subject has shipwrecked the whole
chapter. Have they taken corresponding
action? These illustrations, touching
books well known to everybody, are
as good as others; but every reader
familiar with histories can supply a
dozen of his own. Moreover, it would
be beside the mark. Few people believe
that the trouble with Prof. Barnes's
book for that trustees' "reader" was its
mistakes; it was the implication of the
alleged mistakes. He remembered half
a dozen books with opposite bias as full
of mistakes at least which got through
the door with no stumbling-stones. Mr. 
Hughes's vulgar new life of Washington
is so full of untruths that one can
hardly find the truths between them;
yet Prof. Hart's devastating criticism of
it might almost be matched with warrant
in the review of half a dozen decent
lives of Washington, full of inaccurate
statements and superficial estimates,
which along with the prurient
and tawdry biographies hold their unchallenged
place on the shelves of a 
hundred libraries. 
   WHAT ENGLISH WRITERS SAY
   But we do not need to travel beyond
the world war, which is the immediate
ground of controversy. Does not everybody
know that the early books about
its causes and character, almost all of
the books before 1920, are full of statements
bow concededly false? We need
not go beyond the English books, with
which most of us are most familiar. 
Every one of the three responsible English
statesmen - Asquith, Lloyd George
and Sir Edward Grey - has publicly declared
that his understanding of things
in 1914 was mistaken. Mr. Asquith has
expressed his sense of the highly accidental
precipitation of the war by the
strong declaration that one man, Von
Bieberstein, the predecessor of Lichnowsky
as German ambassador at London,
could, had he lived, have prevented
the war. Mr. Lloyd George, whose wild
fulminations during the general election
of 1918, will be recalled, said three
years later that he was convinced that
none of the European rulers really
wanted the war, but that the nations
glided or staggered into it together. 
Lord Grey himself, who conducted the
negotiations, and may be supposed to
understand the situation better than
any other English statesman, has
frankly declared in his recent volume
of reminiscences that he is now persuaded
that neither the German Emperor,
the chancellor, or the foreign
minister really desired war, but that
all were the victims of circumstances. 
   Yet the early books, full of the now
superseded interpretations, still stand on
library shelves without corrective stickers,
carrying on their work of misleading
untutored minds, without causing
any acute indigestion to trustees; and it
was upon those interpretations, the theory
of Germany's sole responsibility,
that the Versailles treaty was framed. 
That was the fashionable theory in Boston
up to four years ago, and remained
orthodox here in large circles, more
British than the British, long after the
British statesmen had changed their
minds. If the Germans were not all
Huns, they were all Hunnish, and the
hungry children in Berlin and Vienna
must not be given too much Boston
bread and beans, lest a new generation
of them grow up. 
   But, says one, "no one now believes
in the wartime thesis about Germany's
eagerness for war and her purpose to
dominate the world." Why not? Chiefly,
so far as we in New England are concerned,
because two Smith College professors,
Sidney B. Fay and Harry Elmer
Barnes, by incalculable labor and devotion
to truth, amidst engrossing academic
duties, through violent opposition
and much obloquy, have demonstrated
for every fair mind that the old "wartime
thesis" will not wash. When Prof. 
Fay's articles first began to appear in
the American Historical Review, most
people read them with amazement, and
many with resentment. But, welcoming
all fair criticism, dodging no fair con-

in penology shows that, and all his histories
show it. He is not merely a historian
of war and politics, but of
thought and civilization. As he is not
half so old as I am, he is of course very
young. But that is a sin we rapidly
repent of; and when he is twice as old
as he is now, he will, if he follows the
prevailing course, be free enough from
"bias" to satisfy the most fastidious. 
   Rightly or wrongly, this young scholar
became convinced that the Versailles
treaty and the "wartime thesis" fashionable
in England and the United
States were based on falsehood and injustice,
pregnant with mischief to the
world, and that it was his duty as a
student and teacher of history to say
so and, so far as it was in his power,
to demonstrate it; and this he has tried
to do, with untiring research, with unfailing
courtesy to his worthy critics,
with forwardness always to compare
notes, and with impressive ability. 
Mistakes? Of course he has made mistakes;
and no man will write on this
complex and overwhelming subject for
the next 50 years who will not make
mistakes. It cannot fairly be said that
he has made more mistakes than the
men whose "bias" is that of the Versailles
treaty and the "wartime thesis";
and no writer on the war has, by his
copious citation of authorities, given
his critics or the general reader ampler
material with which to check him up. 
   Such articles as his in the New Republic
last month, defending his positions,
with the utmost friendliness, from
the contrary contentions of Lowes Dickinson
and others, are models of polemics
in the striving for truth. Many of
our best historians do not graduate
their conclusions as he does; but there
is no robust mind which does not hold
him in respect. His critics are chiefly
the nice scholars who have never been
stirred by the momentous issues deeply
enough even to define and declare their
position one way or the other. 
   I am certainly no thick and thin champion
of Prof. Barnes. I often take exception
and raise questions as I read
him. He is a crusader, and most crusaders
have the defects of their qualities,
in rapid inferences and sometimes
dogmatism. He will be in less danger
of this when he is twice 35, and mean
time he has the wholesome merit of
knowing that the time has passed for
taking two bites at a cherry in these
mighty matters. The point of moment
is that he and Prof. Fay have won out. 
I do not mean that they may not be
convicted of errors and ill balance; they
will probably often convict themselves. 
I mean that they have rendered forever
impossible in this country such discussions
of the character and causes of
the world war as were common and orthodox
here half a dozen years ago, and
I am sorry for any man, if I ought not
rather to felicitate him upon an omniscience
to which I do not dare to aspire,
who says that he can find nothing
enlightening or important in their books. 
    EARLY EXPERIENCES ABROAD
   I think that I have read more war
literature than most men, and I may
perhaps becomingly claim to have had
a better preparation for it than some. 
I lived and studied for years in England
and Germany, and since my student
days I have often visited both
countries for considerable periods. I
know both peoples well, and I therefore
have a profound respect for both. I was
in Germany, with that noble peace
prophet, Paul Frothingham, whom we
mourn today, when the war broke out. 
   I spent the next month in London, and
then went back to Germany to talk
with the best men I knew, such men
as Carl Lambrecht, Edward Bernstein,
Welhelm Foerster and Wilhelm Wundt,
in Leipzig and Berlin. As in some sort
a professional international student, I
was under exceptional obligation to
know the truth, and had exceptional opportunities
to learn the views of informed
and influential men. With the
sweeping arraignment of Germany as
"the one guilty nation" which prevailed
in Boston I had no sympathy, and I
have none with the painful efforts of
petty professors today to determine
whether a certain telegram was sent
from Berlin at 3 o'clock of half past
4 on Aug. 1, 1914. That whole nice
business proceeds on utter ignorance of
the European psychology as I knew it
and of the dreadful fears of the colliding
groups as they moved on inexorably to
the doom which they had prepared for
themselves. 
   I surely cannot be charged with predominant
sympathy for the German
group. With deep affection for both
countries, with many noble friends in
both, I had the more friends in England,
and when the war developed to a
stage where it was no longer possible
for the serious man to think much of
causes of provocations, my primary and
commanding concern was for English
civilization. That civilization and the
world's true interests can in the long
run be served only by the truth. I believe
that the truth is what Prof. 
Barnes is working for, and it is because
I believe this that I wish now, when
he is under fire, to record my profound
gratitude and admiration for his learning,
his industry, his persistence, his
courage, his chivalry and his devotion.

Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.