NAWSA Subject File Algeo, Sara M. TELL IT OUT Tune -- "I'll Stand By You Till the Morning" By Grace L. Hammond Tell it out among the nations, That the time has come; Prohibition's here to stay -- Ne'er shall be undone! Tell it out with jubilation, That our number shall increase, That we'll keep white ribbons waving, And we will never, never cease, Firmly stand behind our Herbert Hoover, We will help him bring the time of peace. Tell the Moderation Union, They shall not advance After fifty years of working, They'll not stand a chance! Frances Willard's memory stirs us, On, still on to victory grand; Anna Godon still is with us, And we know will always lend a hand, And with Elle Boole as our leader, We'll go praying ever through the land. Law observance is our motto; Law enforcement win; All the churches must be watchful, Through the battles din! God is with us, goes before us, And He searches out the way; Leads, us on, if we but trust Him, Always on unto the perfect day, Let us follow Him yet more closely, Surely all our efforts He'll repay. WHAT THE PROHIBITION PARTY COULD DO Many unthinking persons have asked what the Prohibition party could do differently from other parties if elected to power. It could abandon the selfish and corrupt spoils system of government now used to build and perpetuate party control and substitute a government of service to the people. It could establish moral standards in the administration of government. It could make alive the preamble of the Constitution, and give the nation actual constitutional government devoted to the public welfare. Not having any political obligation to the underworld, the criminal, or the racketeer, it could end forever the notorious alliance between politics and crime, which no other party can do. It could revise our present inadequate and outmoded system of judicial procedure, establish a system of swift justice, and provide proper punishment for the criminal. It could bring prosperity as was done once before by turning the money wasted in liquor and gambling into the legitimate channels of trade. It could solve the problem of unemployment by establishing a system of co-operation between the national, state, and local governments under the local administration for utilizing at fair pay the services of the unemployed. It could see that the tax laws were made equitable, and that the burden of taxation was not laid upon those least able to bear it, as is the practice at present. It could eliminate the tax dodger, and see that there was no tax exempt property. It could clean up movies and the theater, and prevent the prostitution of these great mediums of education. It could bring our election laws into harmony with the Constitution so as not to restrict the full and free expression of political opinion by the people. It could end nullification of the laws against gambling of all kinds, and refuse to legalize this form of exploitation of the people. It could inaugurate in our great cities a reign of law and order in distinct contrast to the present situation. It could eliminate graft and special privilege on the part of public officials, and inaugurate economy in government. It could from this economy pay the soldiers' bonus without increasing the indebtedness of the nation. It could inaugurate a great system of anti-alcohol education in the public schools of America and make that system effective. It could end the liquor traffic as a measure of common law under a proper interpretation of the preamble of the Constitution. In support of this position it can cite many decisions of the United States Supreme Court from which two are quoted: "There is no inherent right in a citizen to sell intoxicating liquor." (This expression used twelve different times by the U.S. Supreme court and by the State Supreme Courts of twenty-two states.) "No legislation can bargain away the public health or the public morals; the people themselves cannot do it, much less their servants." (State vs. Mississippi 101 U. S. 814.) In other words, it could take the attitude that the liquor traffic is an outlaw under the Constitution, refuse to license it, and suppress the illegal traffic in liquor by administrative methods. The great necessity is to elect the Prohibition Party to POWER. This can be done by the 13,000,000 "drys" of America if they will get together under its banners. Prohibition National Committee 82 W. Washington Street, Chicago, Illinois. Suite 512. Prepare the Way for Our New Program of Action More Meetings: A greatly expanded program of meetings must be carried out. Our speakers should penetrate every State, reaching and stirring the people as never before. Prominent and effective speakers are available if they can count on our support. More Literature: The possibilities of an extensive literature effort were opened up in the 1940 campaign. If we can make it possible to supply free party literature hundreds of faithful workers will see to its effective distribution. We must reach more people in this way. Better Organization: This is an important need. We must provide field workers in sufficient numbers to reach and organize every unorganized State, and to rebuild the party organization in many other States where it is weak or inefficient. Plans for this are being worked out. The great need is sufficient funds to back up these faithful field workers. Your Contribution Will Help THE PIONEER PROHIBITION GROUP The Prohibition Party was the first organization to declare for NATIONAL prohibition and for the election to power of a prohibition party to make it effective. "They rose in dark and evil days, To right their native land, They kindled here a living blaze That nothing shall withstand." The Prohibition Party has shown breadth of vision and taken an advanced stand on other national issues. Its present day purpose is -- - to summon all opponents of the liquor traffic to cast their votes only for a party committed to national prohibition and - to bring together in one party all those citizens who believe in the following: TEN POINT PROGRAM OF GOVERNMENT There are enough voters now favoring these principles to carry the next election, provided they cease to be divided and unite in one party. (1) Placing moral issues and human welfare first, including the destruction of the liquor traffic (2) Preparation for complete national defense as well as preparation for the avoidance of war. (3) Making the Constitution actually effective in government by limitation of executive authority; bringing un-American election laws into harmony with the bill of rights; reforming judicial procedure, and enforcing all laws uniformly. (4) Destroying the spoils system, thus removing the source of political corruption, extravagance in expenditures, high taxes, the hook-up between politics and crime, and the presence of politics in relief. (5) Co-operation between government and private enterprise to work out a program to end unemployment. (6) Stimulating free enterprise by ending monopolistic practices in industry and business, and maintaining a proper balance between capital and labor. (7) Keeping free from immoral influences all sources of public education, the schools, the radio, moving pictures, the stage, magazines and literature. (8) Conserving the social security of citizens by sound and free- from-spoils systems of old age pensions, unemployment insurance, as well as proper care of those in need. (9) Resisting every effort to break down American moral standards by legalizing public gambling of any character, lotteries and commercialized vice. (10) Opposing communism, fascism and dictatorship, chiefly by removing the causes of discontent, the injustices and evils which have grown up under the maladministration of our form of government by the old parties. Help Open THIS DOOR OF PROHIBITION OPPORTUNITY THIS SITUATION SPELLS OPPORTUNITY Sentiment against the liquor traffic is growing and solidifying. Current events emphasize that fact. Practically every religious denomination is formulating new plans of action against the use of beverage alcohol and the traffic in it. The newly unified Methodist Church according to Bishop Edwin Hughes "will challenge the major parties to recognize Prohibition as a national issue." At a recent conference the National Council of Churches of Christ in America was challenged to take definite action concerning the liquor problem. Other smaller groups are taking steps for action. The report of the Gallup poll of public opinion showing the results of a survey made by them since the national election in November reveals that there are 32% of the American people who favor Prohibition. This means there are 16,000,000 Prohibitionists in the United States. At present these tremendous figures represent only sentiment and nothing more. If this sentiment can be changed to votes against the liquor traffic then and not till then can progress be made. The Prohibition National Committee is the only organization which provides a medium of expression for Prohibition voters -- without it they must vote for "wet" parties. Thousands of independent and church voters are thoroughly disgusted with the "hook-up" between crime and the old parties and their lack of moral leadership to such an extent that these citizens see the need of another party. We can and must offer them an aggressive program of action, and can do it with your help. YOU CAN COUNT ON MY HELP in your new program of action to battle the liquor traffic and unite conscientious voters in a party of their own. Here is my pledge to the work of the Prohibition National Committee for 1941. Note: $1.00 of this amount is to pay for one year's subscription to the National Prohibitionist. I will contribute $ per month to continue through the 12 months of 1941. Enclosed is $ to apply on this pledge. The balance will be paid as follows: (Name date or state whether Quarterly of Semi-Annually) (Signed(Date) (Street and No.) (Town and State) SIGN ABOVE, THEN FOLD AND INSERT IN THE ADDRESSED ENVELOPE ENCLOSED Important: If not convenient to make a monthly pledge please state the sum you will contribute for this year and when it will be paid. Monthly pledges are needed not only to sustain our work through the year, but to provide a regular income so that we may properly budget our expenditures. Lump sum contributions are of course welcome. Make remittances payable to PROHIBITION NATIONAL COMMITTEE, 82 W. Washington St. Chicago, Illinois Christ has no hands but ours, with which to give them bread; No feet but ours with which to move among the almost dead: We say that we are His: we say that He is ours: Deeds are the proof of that, not words -- and these the proving hours. GIVE THROUGH YOUR CHURCH Congregational Christian Committee for War Victims and Services 289 Fourth Avenue, New York Boynton Merrill, D.D., Chairman Mrs. James W. Bixler, Vice- Chairman Mr. Elbert A. Harvey, Treasurer Mrs. Royal G. Whiting, Executive Secretary Mrs. Edward T. Willson, Assistant Secretary Christ has no other hands but yours To The Congregational Christian Committee for War Victims and Services 289 Fourth Avenue, New York I PLEDGE a week for the period of one year, to be paid monthly through my Church for the relief of war victims and for Christian services rendered because of the war. I will save this money by sacrificing some simple pleasure because I know my self-denial may mean life itself to some innocent victims of the war. Name Date Church Address City and State Because of War.... Millions of people are hungry, homeless and in peril ... Our great missionary enterprises here and abroad must meet increased expenses ... Thousands of young men in military service, and families in crowded defense areas need our churches' ministry. We urge Congregational Christian ministers and people to search their hearts and to unite in giving regularly and sacrificially as proof that God's love is still at work in a stricken world. Douglas Horton Dwight F. Bradley Fred F. Goodsell William F. Frazier Frank E. Scribner Your Gift is Proof ... To England -- that we desire to help our sister churches there. Your gift will provide temporary repairs for bombed churches; relief for homeless people who seek sanctuary; ministry to hundreds of thousands of evacuated children. To the European continent -- that starving children can have food; that millions of war prisoners and refugees struggling for existence in concentration camps may hope again. To Missionaries on many continents -- that our own ambassadors of goodwill can meet any emergency need, and that American churches will aid others whose homeland churches are now unable to support them. To millions in China -- that we will help them win their courageous four-year struggle with famine and disease. To Refugees -- that America is the land of promise to victims of persecution because of race, or belief in intellectual and spiritual freedom. To thousands of young men in military service -- that we, through our Congregational Christian chaplains, remember and want to serve them. To Congregational Christian Churches -- in communities where large defence industries are bringing unprecedented demands and opportunities for service -- that we want the privilege of sharing their work. Congregational Christian young men who cannot conscientiously accept military service go to special camps where expenses are not carried by the government. Gifts designated for such conscientious objectors will gladly be received by this Committee and forwarded to President Albert W. Palmer, Chicago Seminary, Chairman of the Congregational Christian Committee for Conscientious Objectors. Your designated gifts will be sent on their way through the Boards of the Congregational Christian Churches, the Congregational Union of England and Wales, the American Friends Service Committee, the Central Bureau for Relief of Evangelical Churches of Europe, the Church Committee for China Relief, the International Missionary Council, the Young Men's Christian Association, the Young Women's Christian Association. Your undesignated gifts will be prorated among the above agencies on the basis of the best available information as to emergency needs. Congregational Christian Committee for War Victims and Services Elbert A. Harvey, Treasurer 289 Fourth Avenue, New York, N.Y. Short Course in Narcotic (Alcohol) Education JULY 26 to AUGUST 13. Three Weeks. Two hours each day. BERTHA RACHEL PALMER, Director Director, Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction, National WCTU Former State Superintendent of Public Instruction, North Dakota Author, A Syllabus in Alcohol Education Chautauqua Summer Schools -- Certificate of Credit Texts: Palmer -- A Syllabus In Alcohol Education (7th edition, 1943) ... 25c National Forum -- The Alcohol Problem Visualized (1942) ... 75c A scientific and unemotional approach to this old social problem, objectively presented through simple experiments, diagrams and charts. The course is arranged for public school teachers, and leaders of community courses, and aims to give a comprehensive view of the narcotic problem, in general, with special attention to alcohol, "the chief narcotic problem of the world today." It begins with the narrow scientific phase and expands to touch the social, economic, and historic phases. Discussion Group Definite Methods for Youth Instruction on Beverage Alcohol Frances Willard House August 16-20 8:45-9:45 A.M. MRS. CAROLYNE LA GRANGE BROOKS Graduate Cornell College, Mt. Vernon, Iowa; M.A. in Religious Education, Teachers College, Columbia Supervisor of Alcohol Education for the Greater New York Federation of Churches and for the New York State Woman's Christian Temperance Union for New York City. All interested in bringing scientific alcohol facts to all age groups -- children, young people and adults -- are invited to this series of lessons. No fee. PROGRAM National Woman's Christian Temperance Union Frances Willard House 32 Lake Front Chautauqua Chautauqua, New York Season of 1943 July 26-August 20 National WCTU Day Thursday, July 29 Amphitheater 8:15 P.M. Address "Morale or Morals" HOMER RODEHEAVER HOMER RODEHEAVER is a noted evangelist, singer, trombone player, composer, and lecturer. Mr. Rodeheaver will play the famous trombone, which he took when he marked off to the Spanish-American War, later to the front lines during World War I, and which brought him world fame as he campaigned with Billy Sunday. He is now filling a heavy Army Camp schedule. Reception Hotel Athenaeum July 29 4-5 P.M. MRS. IDA B. WISE SMITH President National WCTU Honor Guests MRS. IDA B. WISE SMITH HOMER RODEHEAVER Conference State WCTU Workers Frances Willard House July 29 1:30 P.M. Presiding MRS. D. LEIGH COLVIN Vice President National WCTU 138 Smithfield Road, Providence, R. I. (N. Sta.) Apr. 5, 1932. Dear W.C.T.U. Sisters: I am sending you "Plan of Work 1931-1932 for the Dept. of International Relations, including suggestions for your annual report, also other leaflets. Notice the various pieces of reading matter and how to order if you desire them. Radio program broadcast every Thursday evening 6:30 Eastern Standard time, over a nation-wide WEAP-NBC network; Apr. 7, "The Irish Free State", Apr. 14, "The German Elections", Apr. 21, "Peace or War in the East", Apr. 28, "What Progress in Disarmament" etc. Subject of special importance -- entry of the U.S. into the World Court". It will be well to write or wire our U.S. Senators Hon. Jesse H. Metcalf and Hon Felix Hebert Washington, D.C. urging them to use their influence and vote in favor of the U.S. joining the World Court, as soon as the daily papers indicate that the time is nearing for consideration of the matter. Yours sincerely, Mary E. Olney, W.C.T.U Director of International Relations. United States Senate W.D. ? Committee on Immigration FREE Mrs. S. M. Algeo Barrington, Rhode Island April 1932 (Invert and rotate twice) 138 Smithfield Road, Providence, R.I. (N. Sta.) Apr. 5, 1932. Dear W.C.T.U Sisters: I am sending you "Plan of Work 1932-1932 for the Dept. of International Relations, including suggestions for your annual report, also other leaflets. Notice the various pieces of reading matter and how to order if you desire them. Radio program broadcast every Thursday evening 6:30 Eastern Standard time, over a nation-wide WEAN-NBC network; Apr. 7, "The Irish Free State", Apr. 14, "The German Elections", Apr. 21, "Peace (or?) (War?) in the East", Apr. 28, "What Progress is Disarmament" etc. Subject or special importance- entry of the U.S. into the World Court". It will be well to write or wire our U.S. Senators Hon. Jesse H. Metcalf and Hon. Felix Hebert Washington, D.C. urging them to use their influence and vote in favor of the U.S. joining the World Court, as soon as the daily papers indicate that the time is nearing for consideration of the matter. Yours sincerely, Mary R. Olney, W.C.T.U. Director International Relations. 12:00 Memorial Service and Noontide Prayer Mrs. Clifton Bickford, Watchemoket Union Adjournment Luncheon -- Echoes of National Convention by Mrs. Grace P. Barber, Mrs. Helen Bridgford and Mrs. Margaret Collings. [*Welfare of Children*] Wednesday Afternoon 1:45 Song Service Prayer Mrs. Grace Barber Address Miss Mary B. Ervin Song [*learning to fight, learning to lead*] Five Minute Messages Youth's Temperance Council [*Resigned*] Mrs. Margaret Collings, State Secretary Loyal Temperance Legion Mrs. Martha S. Adams, State Secretary [*Very charming!*] "Past Activities and Future Aims" Departmental Directors (2 minutes each) Miss Hannah Solomon Mrs. Mary D. Barney Mrs. J. J. Hall Mrs. Ethel Flanders Dr. Bessie Tharps Rev. Marion H. Jones Mrs. Amy Hayden Mrs. Marjorie Northup Mrs. Leona Thomas Mrs. George Thurber Mrs. Cora Burnside Mrs. Jennie Nichols Mrs. Sara Greenhalgh Mrs. Harold Wilson Mrs. Alberta Colburn Mrs. Ethelyn K. Steere Mrs. John Kirk "War Savings" Speaker "Pep" Talk -- Union Signal and Young Crusader Mrs. Ruth Richardson Song and Offering Resolutions Closing Prayer W.C.T.U. Circle and Benediction [*N.B. Mrs. Hall -- Memorize the 146st Psalm -- The Crusade Psalm 2 verses for quiet hours -- Be alone with God How many keep the quiet hours & 2 verses -*] Crusade Psalm -- Praise ye the Lord, Praise the Lord, O my soul, While I live will I praise the Lord; I will sing praises unto my God while I have any being. Put not your trust in princes, nor in the son of man, in whom there is no help. His breath goeth forth, he returneth to his earth, in that very day his thoughts perish. Happy is he that hath God of Jacob for his help, whose hope is in the Lord his God. Which made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that therein is; which keepeth truth forever. Which executeth judgement for the oppressed; which giveth food to the hungry. The Lord looseth the prisoners; the Lord openeth the eyes of the blind; the Lord raiseth them that are bowed down; the Lord loveth the righteous; the Lord preserveth the strangers; He relieveth the fatherless and widow; but the way of the wicked He turneth upside down. The Lord shall reign forever, even thy God, O Zion, unto all generations. Praise ye the Lord. The Christian Flag -- "I pledge allegiance to my Flag and to my Saviour for Whose Kingdom it stands; One Brotherhood, uniting all mankind in Love and Service." The American Flag -- "I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands; One Nation, Indivisible, with Liberty and Justice for all." The Temperance Flag -- "I pledge allegiance to my Flag, the emblem of Temperance, self-control, pure thoughts and clean habits; the White Flag that surrenders to nothing but purity and truth, and to no one but God, Whose temples we are." W.C.T.U. Pledge -- "I hereby promise, God helping me, to abstain from all distilled, fermented and malt liquors, including wine, beer and cider, and to employ all proper means to discourage the use of and traffic in the same." Sixty-Eighth Annual Convention of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Rhode Island [*Take 15 minutes for prayer each meeting*] Plainfield Street Baptist Church Olneyville, R.I. October 27-28, 1942 "Grant us Wisdom, Grant us Courage, For the facing of this hour" [*The Atlas Hour? Mr. Church St. Sonet?*] [* Notes -- Mrs. Carol Hodge Mrs. Collings resign?*] WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION OF RHODE ISLAND Incorporated State Headquarters 75 Westminster St., Providence [*Good latkes? by Mrs. Bridgeford*] Honorary Presidents Mrs. Jennie L. W. Rooke Mrs. Etheyn H. Roberts Mrs. Grace P. Barber Mrs. Grace K. Drown State Officers President -- Mrs. Mary M. Eldridge Vice-President-at-Large -- Mrs. Amy S. Hayden Corresponding Secretary -- Mrs. Thyra J. Foster Treasurer -- Mrs. Jennie H. Nichols Recording Secretary -- Mrs. Florence G. Anderton Convention Committees Hospitality -- Mrs. Emily Manley, Mrs. John E. Wood, Mrs. J. Edward Pollard, Mrs. Alfred Gillespie, Mrs. Ruth Richardson, Mrs. Helen Bridgford, Mrs. Clarence Cray. Exhibits -- Mrs. Jennie H. Nichols, Mrs. Alexander Gray, Mrs. Frank Rector and Mrs. Leona Thomas. Music -- Mrs. Major George W. Williams and Mrs. Walter Peirce. Organists -- Miss Ethel L. Thornton, Mrs. Edna Spooner and Mrs. Grace K. Drown. Registration -- Dr. Bessie Tharps, Mrs. Hannah Lasall, Mrs. Ethelyn Steere, Mrs. Willis E. Chandler and Mrs. Leona Thomas. Credentials -- Mrs. Elizabeth Farwall and Mrs. Martha Pollard. Resolutions -- Mrs. Thyra J. Foster, Mrs. Grace P. Barber, Mrs. Amy Hayden and Miss Mary E. Olney. Revisions -- Miss E. Carol Hodge, Mrs. Thyra J. Foster, Mrs. Jennie H. Nichols, Mrs. Amy S. Hayden and Miss Mary A. Tefft. Pages -- Miss Jeanette Mercer, Miss June Baron, Miss Lora Clemence, Mrs. Martha S. Adams, Miss Barbara Bridgford and Mrs. Margaret Collings. Tuesday 10:00 A.M. Pre-Convention Executive-Noontide Prayer -- Mrs. Ethelyn H. Roberts -- Basket Lunch. -- PROGRAM -- Tuesday, October 27, 1942 1:45 P.M. Convention Called to Order Mrs. Mary M. Eldridge Devotions Rev. Marion Jones Crusade Psalm in Unison (Psalm 146) Crusade Hymn Salute to the Flags Mrs. Major George Williams Greetings The Church Mrs. Merle Mason The Union Miss HAnnah Solomon Response Song -- "Rhode Island State Song" Roll Call of Officers and Directors Appointment of Committees Awards Address of President Mrs. Mary M. Eldridge War Work Speaker -- Salvage Mrs. W.H. Shortley Song -- Battle Hymn of the Republic Address "The Task Ahead" Miss Mary B. Ervin, President Ohio W.C.T.U. and World Supt. L. I. T. Offering Song and Prayer Announcements Adjournment Reception to Miss Ervin and other Guests 6:00 Convention Dinner Invocation Rev. Perry Van Dyke Greetings: R. I. Council of Women Mrs. Elwyn Draper, Pres. R. I. Federation of Women's Church Societies Mrs. R. Haslam, Pres. R. I. Council of Churches Rev. Vernon W. Cooke, Pres. 7:45 Evening Session Organ Music Miss Ethel Thornton Processional Singing "America" Prayer Rev. Merle H. Mason, Pastor of Hostess Church Solo Miss June R. Baron, Providence Y. T. C. Message "Story of the U. S. O. and the W. C. T. U. Cooky Jar" Mrs. Harold B. Tanner, Pres. Reading Rexford Blaine, U. S. Navy, former member Y. T. C., Washington, D. C. Hymn and Offering Address -- "On the Battlefront" Mrs. Mary B. Ervin Closing Prayer Rev. Elden Bucklin, Chaplain R. I. State Grange Adjournment Wednesday, October 28, 1942 9:30 A. M. Evangelistic Service Mrs. J. J. Hall, State Director of Evangelistic Dept. 10:00 Convention called to order [*Couldn't hear this*] Salute to the Flag Song -- "Christ for the World We Sing" Prayer Miss Josephine Carr Minutes of Previous Session Roll Call of Unions Mrs. Florence Anderton Report of Credential Committee Mrs. Elizabeth Farwell Annual Report of Corresponding Secretary Annual Report of Treasurer and Auditor Annual Report of Office Secretary and Circulation Manager of "The Outlook" Mrs. Marjorie Northup Final Report of Credential Committee Appointment of Tellers Five Minutes Silent Prayer Election of Officers Report of Official Board Announcements [*All of this interesting. However? -- Mrs. Eldridge forgot prayer and then made statement that she would serve elsewhere if not elected to W. C. T. U.*] [*Courier -- Citizen -- Lowell*] CARLISLE ---------- Women Speaker Stresses Value of Prohibition at Congregational Church. ---------- Carlisle, Sept. 30. The regular Sunday morning service in the Congregational church was in the charge of the W. C. T. U. and Mrs. Martha P. Wilkins presided. The Scripture was read by Mrs. Mary Green and prayer was offered by Miss Sara Davis. "Some Glad Day" and "Love's Offering" were sung by Mrs. Josephine Davis and Mrs. Ora H. Bearce. The speaker was Mrs. Sara M. Algeo of Barrington, R. I., who told of the international convention of the W. C. T. U. held in Toronto in June. She said that the Canadian speakers told the convention that "government control of liquor" had turned out to be "liquor control of government" and was a shame and a disgrace to any country. Mrs. Algeo has been twice around the world, as well as visiting Europe many times. Her travels to foreign countries have proved to her satisfaction the supreme value of the 18th amendment and the necessity for keeping it in the Constitution. Mrs. Winnifred Lee was the organist. The pulpit was banked with many beautiful cosmos, zinnias, gladioli and dahlias. The Young Men's class acted as ushers. The members of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union wore the small white ribbon or pin of their organization. The former pupils of Mrs. Hawks will be glad to know that she is now located in West Concord and that her husband is physical director of the Concord schools. *4 Mrs. Algeo Urges Election of Dry U.S. Congressmen ---------- Pleads For Support Of Prohibition Party at Polls Nov. 8 Arguing that the election of dry congressmen was of paramount importance if the 18th amendment is to be retained, Mrs. Sarah M. Algeo, candidate for Congress from the First District on a dry independent ticket, pleaded for support of the prohibition party at the polls on November 8, at a rally last night in the Y. W. C. A. annex, Federal street. Mrs. Algeo condemned government control of liquor, in force in Canada, and quoted a prominent Canadian as saying "Under government sale it is pitiful to see how many homes are becoming saloons, how with the moral sanction of the government, drinking is increasing as a social habit." The speaker further said "In my two weeks' canvass for signatures to my nomination papers I have learned anew many things. One is that our wet newspapers are doing noted harm in distributing wet misinformation. So insidious is this propaganda of a wet press that in my door-to-door travels I found staid Congregationalists proclaiming the repeal of the 18th amendment in order that we might put 'good liquor' instead of bad in circulation, just as though any such thing as 'good liquor' ever existed. It was ostracised as a habit-forming narcotic and poison and is the same criminal as of old. Action Needed I have heard of Baptists in good and regular standing declaim against drinking among the younger generation and of the speakeasies in their midst, and when I asked what they, as supposedly Christian citizens were doing about it was answered by silence. I have found Methodists, members of the church which produced Bishop Cannon and Clarence True Wilson so lethargic and pessimistic that King Alcohol could come and snatch this victory (the 18th amendment) from under their scentless noses and drowsy eyes without their batting an eyelash. These and other great churchmen are forgetting that it was through the tears and sweat and prayers of Christian forebears and the endorsement of great denominational forces that the 18th amendment was put into our constitution. Will it be taken out by a wicked and slothful generation, who, unworthy of their notable inheritance, lie sleeping at the switch while the death-bearing train of false and cruel wet propaganda goes merrily on? "I cannot believe that like the Israelites of old, we are all longing for the fleshpots of Egypt to the extent of forgetting our duty to unborn generations who will rightfully rise up in wrath and curse us if we again unchain this wicked monster in their midst." Not Financial Burden Roscoe W. Phillips, prohibition party nominee for governor, speaking at the rally, asserted that enforcement of the prohibition laws had not been a financial burden on the country, urged the retention of the 18th amendment, and declared that according to W. W. Woodcock, director of promotion, Department of Justice, the total cost of enforcement of the law from 1920 to 1931 had amounted to 112 million dollars. "During the same period," he said, "the country obtained $60,000,000 in fines and penalties collected and $449,000,000 from the legitimate sale of alcohol. This shows a profit of $397,000,000 over the cost of enforcement." Mrs. Ethlyn Roberts, past State president of the W. C. T. U. and national director of the union, also addressed the rally, emphasizing the necessity of realizing that the pronouncements of political parties do not insure the loss of the 18th amendment. She described efforts of the W. C. T. U during the past year in combatting the attempts of wet congressmen to pass bills legalizing the sale of beer. THE PROVIDENCE JOURNAL, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1932 MRS. ALGEO SEEKS SEAT IN CONGRESS ---------- Barrington Woman Says She Has Been Asked to Run by Several Drys. ---------- IS READY TO WITHDRAW ---------- Will Give Up Contest If Republicans Nominate Out-and-Out Dry in First District Running as a dry candidate because "neither party has any dry representation in view" in this State, Mrs. Sara M. Algeo of Barrington yesterday announced she will seek election to Congress from the First Rhode Island District. Mrs. Algeo, who has been active politically for several years and had intended to contest the nomination for Senator from Barrington, said yesterday, she had been asked to run for Congress by several Bristol and Newport county residents who wished to place a dry candidate in that field. Rev. Wallace C. Sampson of Providence, president of the Anti-Saloon League of Rhode Island, could not be reached last night and it was not learned whether that organization has indorsed Mrs. Algeo's candidacy. Mrs. Algeo declared she was approached since announcing her candidacy for Senator by a "prominent Newport and New York woman," who suggested that she run for Congress. "The dry men and women of the State have been looking for a candidate, why don't you run?" Mrs. Algeo said the woman asked. The candidate declared the woman informed her that "owing to the wetness of both the Republicans and Democratic party candidates many men and women would remain away from the polls." Mrs. Algeo, in a statement announcing her candidacy, said: "Other representative men and women also have been seeking a suitable candidate to represent the dry voters of Rhode Island, who, if the referendum in regard to the retention of the 18th Amendment two years ago can be accepted as any criterion, number about one-third of the voters of the State. Judging from the present political horizon, neither party has any dry representation in view. Declaring she has talked over her candidacy with representatives in both Bristol and Newport counties, Mrs. Algeo said: "Three things may happen in regard to my candidacy. First, I may be elected to Congress, which I profoundly hope; second, the election, through a split in the Republican ranks to which I belong, may be thrown to the Democratic side. From the dry point of view this might be the best thing, as it is well known that the Democratic drys predominate over the Republican wets in Congress; third, I am willing to give my pledge of honor that should the Republican party, learning wisdom from the truth of the above statements, decide to nominate on the regular ticket an out-and-out dry, man or woman, about whose convictions and course of action there can be no manner of doubt, I will withdraw even after the filing of necessary papers. "This is a direct challenge to the Republican party, and I profoundly hope that it will be accepted." 000500 END OF SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT ARTICLES. OTHERS ARE NOT ON TOPIC AND SHOULD NOT BE TRANSCRIBED. -------- VOTE FOR SARA M. ALGEO .... REPRESENTATIVE TO CONGRESS First District PLATFORM An Independent Dry, if elected, I promise: 1. As a Republican, To support the policies of President Hoover in National Economy business, and world relations. They are sound and should be continued. 2. As R. I. Chairman of the National Woman's Party, To work for equal rights before the law for men and women. 3. As member of the Women's Christian Temperance Union, To strive to the extent of my power to hold, observe and enforce the 18th Amendment, the Volstead Act and all other laws pertaining to the abolishment of the liquor traffic. SARA M. ALGEO. P. S. What are doing to keep Congress dry and prevent repeal or modification of the 18th Amendment and Volstead Law? S. M. A. Newport Mr. Nelson 1st Baptist Church Spring St. Turn left at Court house Mrs. Warren R. Sherman Opposite Fair Grounds Portsmouth Truckers Filling Station to End of Road. turn left at Chapel, next right to foot of hill Mrs. Elisha Beckham BRIEF ON 48-HOUR BILLS submitted by SARA M. ALGEO Chairman, Providence League of Women Voters. TEN POINTS FOR A 48-HOUR BILL FOR PERSONS By Sara M. Algeo, Chairman Providence League of Women Voters February 7, 1923 TEN POINTS 1 -- WE BELIEVE IN A 48-HOUR BILL: First we would make a clear statement of our position. We are not opposed to a 48-hour bill PROVIDED IT APPLIES TO ALL WORKERS WITHOUT DISCRIMINATION BASED UPON SEX. We believe in a 48-hour week in principle for mechanical labor in factories and workshops in spite of the many valid and serious objections arrayed against such limitation of the hours of work, BUT IT MUST BE FOR PERSONS. 2 -- THE BARRY BILL: Women who approve of a 48-hour week can endorse the Act introduced by Senator Barry in the January session, 1922, with a clear conscience. It applies to PERSONS. 3 -- 48-HOUR BILLS FOR WOMEN AND MINORS ONLY ARE UNJUST: Positions in industry should be open to all on equal terms regardless of race, sex, or color. DR. ANNA HOWARD SHAW spoke on this point before the War Labor Board when the Cleveland conductorettes were being ousted from positions on demand of the Amalgamated Associations of Street and Electrical Employees. She said: "Let women be judged by their ability. It is time that justice decides such questions as this. If we fail, let us fail, not by the behest of men, but by our own act. We have fought a great war to secure liberty and justice -- not for men, but for people -- for women people as well as men people. If one group of workers may say another group of workers shall not have certain work, just because they are women, then we have neither liberty or justice." 2 CHIEF JUSTICE WILLIAM H. TAFT SAYS: "It is quite possible for men to masquerade as protectors of women in the advocacy of such laws, (Labor Laws for Women Only) when their purpose is rather to prevent the competition of women with male labor... "As one of the joint chairmen of the National Labor Board ... I BECAME CONVINCED THAT WOMEN NEEDED PROTECTION AGAINST SOME OF THEIR WOULD-BE PROTECTORS." 4 -- A 48-HOUR BILL FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN IS NOT IN ACCORD WITH ECONOMIC OR INDUSTRIAL EQUALITY FOR WOMEN: "The framers of legislation intended to benefit women workers must not forget that women are now competing with men in many lines of business and industry, and that the only way in which they can compete successfully is to have a free hand. If a law binds them never to work overtime, and never to work before or after certain hours, no matter what the emergency, and imposes no such restrictions upon men, obviously men have the advantage over women in seeking employment, and what was meant for a kindness to women becomes a cruel handicap." -- Boston Herald. 5 -- WOMEN ARE NOW CITIZENS AND SHOULD BE TREATED AS SUCH: Women are no longer wards of the State and refuse to be treated as such. To quote from the Common Sense Series, No. 13, 1923, of the Equal Rights Association: "These Arguments of Forty Years Ago Have Been Disproved. "There is another reason why I think the proposal...is all wrong...The office and duty which nature has devolved upon women during all the active and vigorous portions of her life would often render it impossible, AND STILL MORE OFTEN INDELICATE, for her to appear and act in caucuses, conventions or elections, or to ACT AS A MEMBER OF THE LEGISLATURE or as a JUROR or JUDGE." -- From adverse majority report of the House Judiciary Committee, in 1884, or granting suffrage. "Despite the fact that women now act in all the capacities mentioned, without injuring their health or morals, or causing inconvenience to their male associates, the same moss-grown objections are being used to pass laws that will handicap us in earning our livelihood, and, incidentally, thus control our political power. A 3 WORD TO THE WISE WOMAN POLITICIAN SHOULD BE SUFFICIENT!" 6 -- LEGISLATION FOR WOMEN AND MINORS SHOULD BE KEPT ENTIRELY SEPARATE: Mr. Owen Lovejoy of the National Child Labor Committee, Miss Abbott of the National Child Welfare Bureau and practically all leaders in welfare work for children are agreed in this. 7 -- WE BELIEVE IN EQUAL PAY FOR EQUAL WORK: Women cannot get equal pay unless they perform equal work and they cannot get equal work unless they have the same conditions as men. If the 48-hour bill for women and children alone becomes law, women will be ousted from many classes of work where the wage is high enough to attract men, and owing to State regulations will be ineligible for certain work open to men unregulated by such laws. Hence they will be forced into undesired drudgery. 8 -- MANY WOMEN WILL LOSE THEIR POSITIONS BY THE PASSAGE OF A 48-HOUR BILL FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN ONLY: It is difficult to give definite figures, but we find that many women would lose their jobs by the passage of such legislation. Such women would be quite justified in attacking such legislation as unconstitutional and bringing pressure to bear upon the Supreme Court to have it removed. Men workers who fear the adverse decision of the Supreme Court against laws regulating the hours of labor by such a law attempt to coerce women under the guise of health regulation to assume risks they are not willing to run themselves. To quote the American Bar Association Journal: P754, Dec., 1922: "In a recent address before the Cleveland Bar Association, Former Secretary of War Baker has called attention to one of the causes of the unwillingness of labor leaders to submit wage controversies to judicial determination. He attributes it to the lack of any fixed standard for the determination of wage rates, so that each separate judge before whom such a question might come would be a law unto himself. Coupled with this in the state- 4 ment of Mr. Justice Brandeis in the Duplex Printing Press Company case that labor is dissatisfied with the courts because, by virtue of their environment, the social and economic ideas of judges are considered to be prejudicial to equality between working man and employer." 9 -- MEMBERS OF THE ASSEMBLY ARE NOT NECESSARILY PLEDGED TO A 48-HOUR BILL FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN: Both kinds of bills were before the Legislature for consideration last year. The impression is widely broadcast that the 48-hour bills were for all workers. If a poll of the women of the State were taken I am assured that it would be in favor of a bill for all persons, if for any kind of workers. 10 -- BOTH FORMS OF A 48-HOUR BILL ARE EQUALLY CONSTITUTIONAL: Such is the opinion of Nathan W. Littlefield, prominent constitutional lawyer, and many other lawyers whom we have consulted. Thirty-two States have laws regulating persons now. Rhode Island is an example in connection with the law regulating car- men passed in 1902. (Chap. 218. Gen. Laws of R. I.) Possibly the best example is that of the State of Oregon which we present in full. This is the latest decision of the U. S. Supreme Court on the right of a State to legislate hours of work for PERSONS. Page 426, Vol. 243, U. S. Reports, Oct. Term, 1916 (to be found in State Law Library) : In re Bunting v. Oregon (243 U. S. 426, 37 Sup. Ct. 435) FACTS: The Defendant was indicted for the violation of a statute of the State of Oregon (Laws of 1913, chap. 102, p. 169) section 2 of which provides as follows: "No person shall be employed in any mill, factory or manufacturing establishment in this State more than ten hours in any one day ... provided, however, employees may work overtime not to exceed three hours in any one day, conditioned that payment be made for such overtime at the rate of time and one-half of the regular wage." A violation of the act is made a misdemeanor. A demurrer was filed to the 5 indictment alleging against its sufficiency that the law upon which it was based is invalid because it violates the 14th Amendment of the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of Oregon. The demurrer was overruled and a fine of $50 was imposed, the defendant having been found guilty after arraignment, plea of not guilty and trial. Judgment was affirmed by the Supreme Court of Oregon and a writ of error was taken to the United States Supreme Court. DECISION: (3 Justices dissenting). Mr. Justice McKenna delivered opinion. Taking the law at its word, there can be no doubt as to its purpose, and the Supreme Court of the State has added the confirmation of its decision by declaring that "the aim of the statute is to fix the maximum hours of service in certain industries." (71 Ore. 275, 139 Pac. 731.) "We need not cast about for reasons for the legislative judgment ...It is enough for our decision if the legislation under review was passed in the exercise of an admitted power of government. "But passing general considerations and coming back to our immediate concern, which is the validity of the particular exertion of power in the Oregon law, our judgment of it is that IT DOES NOT TRANSCEND CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITS." THE QUESTION: The consonance of the Oregon law with the 14th Amendment is the question in the case, and this depends upon whether it is a proper exercise of the police power of the State, as the Supreme Court of the State decided that it is. Digest made by Miss Adelaide Stedman 36 East 49th St., New York City. 6 SUPPLEMENTARY STATEMENT TO THE TEN POINTS By Sara M. Algeo, Chairman, Providence League of Women Voters and Chairman, Rhode Island Woman's Party The action of the National Woman's Party, the Equal Rights Association, and the Providence and Pawtucket League of Women Voters, in adopting a resolution on January 2nd, the opening day of the Legislature, advocating the substitution of the word "persons" for "women and children" in 48-hour bills was in no sense a hasty or ill-considered move on their part to bring their belief in industrial equality to the attention of the Rhode Island Legislature and the public. To each of these organizations equality before the law as in all other departments of life is fundamental in their constitution, is in fact their main excuse for being. We would indeed be negligent in our duty in carrying out our chief purpose for existence should we permit a bill or bills to pass without protest and unchallenged which would deprive women of any of their constitutional rights, rights which men are plainly loathe to be deprived of and the loss of which renders women far less desirable workers in the everwidening fields of industrial competition. Working women like working men see the physical and spiritual advantages of shorter working hours, but if these are to be procured by state regulation, we have resolved that it must be through correlated efforts of all workers, who shall with the full cognizance and agreement of all concerned, realizing that for what seems to them the greater good to be derived from state control of the hours of service, waive their immediate contractual rights. Before women became voters they felt themselves powerless to stay the flood of so-called protective legislation which, while it has undoubtedly retarted the economic and industrial progress of women, has been by no means an unmitigated evil in that it was procured to a large percentage of men a "free ride" to shorter working hours, more over-time with time 7 and one-half pay, and many desirable jobs, of necessity vacated by women. It must not be forgotten, however, that women, now backed by votes, have ceased to be the helpless portion of the community of former times whose constitutional rights might be bartered and sold by cheap political hucksters for political jobs and political fame. They refuse longer to serve as the burnt offering on the altar of industrial competition. Plain and simple justice demands that the wishes of women workers be painstakingly considered and that they be consulted before any action prejudicial to their industrial welfare and progress be taken. They should have full and adequate representation upon any committee or commission for the consideration of industrial conditions and it is our duty as patriotic citizens to fight for such representative powers. Do not, we beg of you, gentlemen, because we still happen to be in the minority, exercise your power as the great majority too harshly. Our burden of responsibility is already sufficiently grievous to be borne and we crave your sympathetic interpretation of the golden rule to do unto others as you yourselves would be done by in a similar position. In principle we believe in a forty-eight hour week. We believe that the 8-hour day is not an abnormal requirement and should be the right of every worker, man or woman. Especially do we believe in such limitation of service for those who are engaged at the automatic machine and in work where variety does not counteract the deadening effect of monotony. If you wish to be convinced of the need and the ultimate shortening of hours of labor for all workers, I would ask you to read with open mind Arthur Pound's "Iron Man in Industry." Starting with the premise that, "Employers may fight the tendency toward a shorter working day, but theirs is a losing fight," he shows how, "If the present highly effective organizations are slowly enlarged, it is difficult to see how the market, under normal conditions, can absorb more than eight hours' produce from day to day." To offset the physical and moral depreciation and general unrest resulting from the effects of monotonous labor upon the nervous system, he states truly, "The welfare of our people and the preser- 8 vation of our institutions depend upon our educating youth to use reasonably and gloriously the growing leisure which the common use of automatic machinery has in store for humanity." We believe that the principle recommended by the Commission on International Labor Legislation for a "48-hour week as the standard to be aimed at where it has not already been attained" at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 was not only a shining ideal for future generations but a practical reality in the attainment of which, Rhode Island now and here can bear an important part. Again to quote the "Iron Man:" "The people of the earth look to governments to set up a moral control over machine use; and this instinctive turning to the State for relief is sound to the core, since States are the only groupings of humanity strong enough to harness the Iron Man to the chariot of well-being." Of even greater significance are the following words of Mr. Pound: "The automatic tool will be the force back of most of our legislation for the next fifty years, just as it will be the mainspring of our educational programme, once its significance is understood by educators still fumbling for the key to modern life. To lads who come as beardless boys into their greatest purchasing power, something must be taught, other than has been taught, If they are ever to use their leisure and their economic power aright. The army of homeless, wifeless men and foot-loose women is growing; the automatic tool has cut marriage-bands as well as steel bands. Let all who think in terms of public recreation, domestic relations, charity, religion, morals, child-welfare, and social science ponder those reactions of the automatic tool that daily proceed under their eyes." "America gave the automatic tool its chance. Its blessings are evident; but unless controlled by social conscience, it may develop curses equally potent. America's high duty is to guide the continuing evolution of the Iron Man intelligently." We can quote many authorities to prove our premise that a 48-hour law is necessary for men as for women if the race is to develop aright. Dr. George W. Webster in Bulletin 14, U. S. Department of Labor, in his treatise on the physiological basis for shorter hours of labor says, (Page 6) : 9 "It is of paramount importance that the forward-looking among us go to work in a calm, orderly, large-minded, far-sighted, constructive manner to determine and establish a standard of working hours; but it is of infinitely greater importance that this standard shall be right, and that it be established on a strictly scientific foundation, a foundation, a standard, determined by the united efforts of the physiologist, the psychologist, the engineer. This standard should be for all who labor in industry, men and women alike." Professor Irving Fisher points out that, "Any successful life must satisfy six or seven of the great fundamental instincts -- self-preservation, self-expression, the instinct of workmanship, self-sacrifice, the home-making instinct, loyalty and the instinct of worship." He says: "In order that the laboring man may live his life hem must satisfy more than the instinct of self-preservation * * *. Their souls are hungry and thirsty to satisfy these great instincts * * * while their employers assume they are only interested in wages. To use the working man's arms and legs, and to ignore that he has a brain is to ruin him as a craftsman and to degrade him as a man!" Mr. Louis D. Brandeis recognizes that, "It is the development of manhood to which an industrial and social system must be directed." Dr. Webster sums up his argument on fatigue with the following trenchant paragraphs: "Fatigue puts the worker in an abnormal frame of mind. The first striking effect of fatigue, whether of a muscle or of a man, is increased irritability. This leads him to attempt to deaden his fatigue by excesses of various kinds, such as tobacco, alcohol, exciting amusements: these again, in turn, lead to increased susceptibility to infection of all kinds, because his powers of resistance are diminished. "One of the powerful, important factors making directly for fatigue is the 'sense of economic insecurity.' This haunting fear is especially noticeable in the seasonable trades. What the worker needs is the stabilizing of employment rather than charity, and the shorter day is a step in this direction." All these arguments apply equally to men and women. Legislation, however, which might prove a blessing for both if applied equally might prove a serious detriment if applied but to one group. Women who are pushed into industry by the ever-present "sense of economic insecurity" should have no artificial handicaps placed upon them in the guise of protective legislation that are not placed upon their fellow workers as well. Again, I say, 10 gentlemen, that your right to limit the constitutional rights of women and not those of men will be challenged at the doors of the highest courts if need be. The time has come, we believe, when only general arguments relating to fatigue, character-building, and human welfare, arguments affecting all workers alike, will stand the testing process of court procedure. From surveys made under the Board of Health in our own State we learn the following interesting facts which personal observation verifies: that women in industry have more children than women not so engaged; that they have a smaller proportion of still-born babies and that a greater proportion of babies born to them survive the first month, the month marked by the largest percentage of infant mortality. The real problem facing us at this time, gentlemen, is raising motherhood to the dignity of an occupation on a par with other professions. This, we maintain, cannot be done by depriving her of her right to work unless some substitute equally lucrative and conducive to self-respect is provided. Are you prepared, gentlemen, who are in favor of a 48-hour bill for women and children, to provide such a substitute? If so, we would be glad to be assured of its nature. We are frank to admit that none occurs to us at present. Again I would remind you of the arguments so eloquently presented by Mrs. Harriot Stanton Blatch proving that legislation for women and children should be kept entirely separate. Such legislation is fair to neither and works a cruel injustice upon children, and is a base denial of the joint responsibility of parenthood. If women could have their way, they would keep children out of the industrial maelstrom altogether until their sixteenth year, at least. Amid all the conflicting testimony presented at this hearing may we not all unite upon the passage of a law in behalf of our boys and girls that will be inferior to none but a standard for all? I would also respectfully call your attention once more to the sweeping effects of some of the bills under consideration upon the small business. So great an emphasis has been placed upon the textile industries during the discussion that the drastic effects 11 of the present bills upon practically all business have been overlooked. "Factory, manufacturing, mechanical, business, or mercantile establishment" are very inclusive terms and might be construed to include practically all industrial enterprises. Applied to persons, such a bill would by one stroke put all businesses on a 48-hour basis and at least bring about a fair adjustment of competition: applied to women and children, it puts a premium upon the employment of men instead of women. It has been stated by one large manufacturer in this room since the hearing began that already in anticipation of the passage of a 48-hour law he was filling vacancies wherever possible with men, thus putting his establishment on a working basis for the future. How much more would this be true of the small and struggling business? That the small business is an important factor to deal with is proved by Babson's Report of January 23, 1923: "During the month of December 2000 business concerns in the United States and Canada went into bankruptcy; in the year 1922, 26,000 concerns went into bankruptcy. Out of this total of failures, probably at least 50 per cent. represent opportunities to buy in a business when it is at its worst and build it up to success. In our library are the names of about 44,000 concerns which have defaulted in the payment of their securities. These names actually exist and the number which I give is more than an estimate. After analysis of these names I have made certain deductions, but these figures are estimates. Out of every thousand new concerns entering business 800 fail, reorganize, or change management at least once. Out of every thousand concerns entering business 200 fail or reorganize at least twice, while out of every thousand concerns entering business 50 will fail or reorganize three or more times. "If the above estimates are correct these statistics show that 80 per cent. of the new concerns get into trouble, while only 25 per cent. of the reorganized concerns get into trouble." Mr. Babson goes on to say that every investor should plan to place part of his funds in his home town. Possibly our attempt to follow his advice makes us the more anxious that the small business should have a square deal. If we are to have a 48-hour law, we ask you in all fairness, should it not be one for the workers which will affect all concerned in the same degree? No evidence has been brought forth at this hearing that a 48-hour law for persons suffers a greater risk of being declared un- 12 constitutional than one for women and children. On the contrary, the proponents of a law for persons have the last word of the Supreme Court of the United States on their side in the decision rendered in the Bunting case. Law is a progressive science. Is it not reasonable to suppose, gentlemen, that a law which satisfies the demands of the labor men for shorter working days, and one which women workers can accept as in no wise discriminatory toward them, will meet with the approval of our courts? Legislation should represent the wishes of a large portion of the people if it is not to be stigmatized as class legislation. 13 BRIEF AGAINST ANY 48-HOUR LAW FOR WOMEN AND FOR A BASIC EIGHT-HOUR LAW COVERING "PERSONS" Filed March 28, 1923, by ADA R. WOLFF, Chairman Equal Rights Association and Printer on The New York Tribune, New York City. Labor legislation linking women and children has never been based on a desire in the hearts of men to protect the twin subjects of such laws. In 1833 England placed restrictions on the employment of children, not for the protection of the children, but to remove them from competition with adults. The child workers were discharged and their places taken by women. This substitution men wished to check, so women were linked with children in the Factory Act of 1844, and this coupling continues to this day, and for the same reason: Restricting a certain part of the working population protects the unrestricted part in the monopoly of jobs and high wage rates. Restriction on an industry as a whole, with strong laws for minors of both sexes, would not interfere with the law of supply and demand; discrimination against women as employees would cease, and a sexless wage for a sexless job would be the rule; and child labor would cease if its female parent (too often the one left to provide for a family) were able to sell her labor in the labor market on the same terms as men, and boys of 16 and up. Eighty-three years of experimenting with special labor legislation for women has resulted in the increasing exploitation of child labor, not always in factories; the forcing out and keeping out of women from all well-paid employment and their consequent crowding into the low-paid lines of work -- thus creating a cheap labor class whose average wage is so low that minimum wage laws are constantly urged as a relief. But the evils resulting from a law-created labor glut cannot be remedied by a legal wage set by the State UNLESS that State has the concurrent power of setting the price of necessities to be bought by that legal minimum, and the power of prohibiting any person from underbidding the legal minimum set. 14 Claims that women must have laws to regulate their employment because they are not so well organized as men workers are founded on the fallacy that all men are members of labor unions. The fact is that of the 30,000,000 male workers not more than 15 per cent. are organized into unions, and no union tries to organize at all , or even a majority, of the workers in its particular field. Instead, the shorter work-shift and higher wage-rate obtained by the organized minority reflect their benefits to the unorganized majority. Women prefer to obtain improved working conditions the way men obtain them: by direct action or by reflection. One proof of our contention that legislation for women and children is detrimental to both lies in the fact that the highest-paid women in business and industry are those who are not touched by any State regulation because of their sex and who compete with men on equal terms in their respective occupations. Such a condition harms neither sex: women neither crowd out nor underbid men; both being equal before the employer, he naturally chooses the one best fitted for the job. There is no foundation for the assumption that legislation regulating the length of work-shifts for persons is unconstitutional. Women are people and the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution includes women, but the police power of the State includes men also. In 1898 a law regulating the hours of work of coal miners was declared constitutional. (Holding v. Hardy, 169 U. S. 366.) Railroad men's work-shifts are regulated by law; also bricklayers' and caisson workers.' All health measures such as sanitary provisions, lighting requirements, etc., and safeguards such as fire-escapes, machinery guards, fire-doors, etc., are for persons and no one has ever suggested that such laws are unconstitutional. And such regulation for persons has been declared constitutional by the highest court in the United States, sustaining the Supreme Court of Oregon, in the case of a man engaged in a non-hazardous occupation! In 1917 -- six years ago -- the decision sustaining the constitutionality of work-shift regulation for persons was given by the United States Supreme Court in the case of Bunting v. Oregon, 243 U. S. 426. Oregon had a law prohibiting persons to work in "flour mills, factories and manufactories" more than ten hours 15 in any twenty-four. One Bunting employed a man in a flour mill thirteen hours. He was healed to court; the case finally came to the Supreme Court of the United States and the decision was that this exercise of the police power of the State for persons was constitutional. Justice McKenna, in giving the opinion of the court, said: "But passing general consideration and coming back to our immediate concern, which is the validity of the particular exertion of power in the Oregon law, our judgement of it is that it does not transcend constitutional law." "Constitutionality" is but a reflection of public opinion. If the great mass of citizens of Rhode Island really want an eight-hour work-shift established by law, and such law is drawn for "persons" as are the bills before your honorable committee, such a law will be declared constitutional by your Supreme Court and by the United States Supreme Court, for Judges have their ears to the ground as well as lesser mortals. Can it be that the opponents of an eight-hour or forty-eight-hour bill for persons fear the adverse decision of the highest courts because they also know that the great mass of workers do not wish to submit their contractual rights to review by the State, knowing that such submission is but the prelude to feudal conditions? Equal Rights Association is in favor of any legislation for persons, if the persons to be affected by such legislation feel that is the only way to better themselves; but we are flatly opposed to any legislation for "women and children" disguised as "protective" that places women at a disadvantage with men and boys in the labor market. Chicago Mar 15 2 PM 1928 Ill. Mrs. Sara M. Algeo Barrington, Rhode Island. Alice Hyatt Mather 58 West Washington Street Room 507 Chicago, Ill. JUST "LISTEN IN" From - Oakland, Calif. - "Would you kindly send me outlines or lectures against cigarettes? I expect to go on the air against this menace." " Kirtland, N. Mex. - "The Bureau of Public Health, Washington, D. C., gave me your address for information to aid me in my study of the tobacco problem. " N. Attleborough, Mass. - "I am giving a short lecture to a class of young men and women on evils of cigarette smoking. Will you send me all available literature possible?" " Belvidere, Ill. - "Please send 11 doz Anti-Cigarette buttons and 4 doz pledge cards." " Hookerton, N. C. - "Please send me your set of 16 large posters." " Yakima, Wash. - "Will you send me fifty copies of '50 Questions Answered Scientifically'?" " Galesburg, Ill. - "What would it cost to have one of your lecturers come here. I have my Square Deal Club organized. I have been trying out the 'cure' and it is working fine." " Paden, Okla. - "Send me prices for your tobacco treatment." " Atlanta, Ga. - "Would you mind sending '50 Questions' to the following Salvation Army Posts?" (19 in number) " Chicago, Ill. - "Send me 'Cigarette Treatment' mentioned in '50 Questions'." " Lansing, Mich. - "You will find enclosed check for $100.00 for account of subscription to your work." " Marengo, Ill. - "Your lecture, Mrs. Mather, did our high school boys and girls much good." " Atlanta, Ga. - "W.C.T.U. in convention assembled, wishes to express approval and commendation of Mr. Edward W. Mills for the excellent work he has done in the schools of Atlanta and vicinity." " La Grange, Ill. - "Mrs. Mather, I only wish it were your privilege to hear teachers and students favorable comments on your lecture." " Chicago, Ill. - "I certainly trust that you will continue to have success in your work. Herewith, my check for $10.00. I am very much interested." " Chicago, Ill. - "I am sorry to learn that there will be a shrinkage in your receipts for this year. Herewith, my check for $25. Probably later on I will be able to give you more help." The last quotation sounds the "key note". The above requests, quotations from recent letters, are just a sample of the constant demands upon us. They evidence a great need and deserve prompt attention. Won't you please help us to continue to do this by sending as liberal a contribution as possible at this time in the enclosed envelope? Hoping to hear soon, I am Sincerely, Alice Hyatt Mather, Executive Secretary. BOYS AND GIRLS ANTI-CIGARETTE LEAGUE, 58 W. Washington St., Chicago, Ill. Sunday night Gavston St. Baptist, Roger Williams Church, Jan 29, 1928. Narcotic Drugs - Tobacco 1 - Explain about Mrs. Hodge - tell about her drinking position including tea & strong coffee 2 - Dr. Stafford's remark and reaction to it. Ministers son who was ruined by minister smoking 3 - My own experience as a teacher and Mrs Hersey's remark. Stories of Rob's pledge and Wright's principles. 4 - Women smoking. Lady Astor, Maud Royden - Dean Franklin, Madam Schumann - Heink's speech to Smith girls - Evangeline Booth - tobacco habit useless, wasteful and harmful. Story of Dr. Shaw Mrs. Carrie Chapman Colt nicotine 5 - Experience at [Maedo?] 6 - Literature on subject - Leaflets 7 - What we can do } Educate as educators } Narcotic board can do much } Pray without ceasing. YOU ARE INVITED TO ATTEND AN EVENING OF NEGRO SPIRITUALS BY THE QUARTET OF HAMPTON INSTITUTE ON WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY FIRST, AT EIGHT FIFTEEN O'CLOCK IN THE AUDITORIUM OF THE PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS CLUB IN ADDITION TO THE SINGING THERE WILL BE A BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE ORIGIN AND SIGNIFICANCE OF "SPIRITUALS" ADMISSION FREE HAMPTON ASSOCIATION of PROVIDENCE MRS. Z. CHAFEE, President MR. W. G. ROELKER, Treasurer MISS BERTHA C. GREENOUGH, Secretary 1 - Refer to "Old Ironsides" film. and Equality for women - Teacher's Bill 2 - Reaction among the ministers to remarks Mon. A.M. 3 - My own experience as a teacher and Mrs. Hersey's experience. Robert McAllister 4 - Women smoking - Lady Astor. Maud Royden might have decided gracefully to forego her smoking. Lady Astor. DEAN Franklin 5 - Experience at Maldo. & from factory largest in world - pays $1, 560, 000 for manufacturing privilege - 6 - I do not presume to dictate to ministers but would say that it would help mothers if they would not smoke. Also Doctors and teachers. Seventh Day Adventists Jan 22, 1928 THE WOMEN'S COLLEGE IN BROWN UNIVERSITY CORDIALLY INVITES YOU TO BE PRESENT AT AN ORGAN RECITAL TO BE GIVEN BY MISS HELEN HOGAN MME. AVIS BLIVEN CHARBONNEL AT THE PIANO ON FRIDAY EVENING, JANUARY THE THIRTEENTH AT EIGHT-FIFTEEN O'CLOCK, IN ALUMNAE HALL In Feb. 1920, the Supreme Court of Rhode Island said, in O'Neil v. Providence Amusement Co., 42 R. I. 479, at page 489. "The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States provides, "nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." The meaning of this provision has been interpreted and defined by the Supreme Court of the United States in a number of cases. In Allgeyer v. Louisiana, 165 U. S. 578, the court said: "The liberty mentioned in that amendment means not only the right of the citizen to be free from the mere physical restraint of his person, as by incarceration, but the term is deemed to embrace the right of the citizen to be free in the enjoyment of all his faculties; to be free to use then in all lawful ways; to live and work where he will; to earn his livelihood by any lawful calling; to pursue any livelihood or avocation, and for that purpose to enter into all contracts which may be proper, necessary and essential to his carrying out to a successful conclusion the purposes above mentioned." And in Coppage v. Kansas, 236 U. S. 1, the word "liberty" as used in the Fourteenth Amendment is defined as follows: "Included in the right of personal liberty and the right of private property- partaking of the nature of each- is the right to make contracts for the acquisition of property. Chief among such contracts is that of personal employment, by which labor and other services are exchanged for money or other forms of property. If this right to be struck down or arbitrarily interfered with, there is a substantial impairment of liberty in the long-established constitutional sense." And to the same effect are the cases of Adair v. U. S., 208 U. S. 161 and Smith v. Texas, 233 U. S. 630. -1- In the case of Adair v. U. S., supra, the court said: "While, as already suggested, the rights of liberty and property guaranteed by the Constitution against deprivation without due process of law, is subject to such reasonable restraints as the common good or the general welfare may require, it is not within the functions of government- at least in the absence of contract between the parties- to compel any person in the course of his business and against his will to accept or retain the personal services of another, or to compel any person, against his will, to perform personal services for another. The right of a person to sell his labor upon such terms as he deems proper is, in its essence, the same as the right of the purchaser of labor to prescribe the conditions upon which he will accept such labor from the person offering to sell it." INDICTMENT Women form half the electorate. They insist upon an honest program of enforcement by both parties. When it is stated that the Governor of New York will be a candidate for the Presidency and will include a plank for law enforcement, women who know his record will ask for more than a political assurance on this point. Any man who declares he "hates" any part of the Constitution of the United States is unfit for high office. In the papers of November 23rd, 1927, we read of the action of Governor Smith with regard to the death penalty for Ruth Snyder and Judd Gray. They were indicted for a horrible brutal murder. They stated in the trial that they could not do this terrible thing without liquor, usually the assassin's aid. Who sold that liquor in New York State? Who vetoed the State Enforcement Act essential to Law Enforcement? Not only Governor Smith is guilty, but a Republican Legislature, influenced, we are told, by a former Republican U. S. Senator who fought, and still fights, against that act prescribed by the 18th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which he was sworn to support and defend. The indictment goes farther back to political leaders of the two great parties in this Nation elected to carry out the will of the people. If they will not hear the voice of the people through the Parties, they must understand that the majority in both parties who stand for the Constitution in its entirety will find a way to be heard. The naive statement by a Treasury official published just before the holidays that there are ten Federal officers in New York City to deal with 2,000 illicit selling places is encouraging to the bootleggers and speakeasies, but proves a lack of intention and of adequate methods to enforce the law on the part of the Government. The women of the country, not the very small privileged group disloyal to the Constitution and to society, willing to adopt the methods of women of the underworld with their patronage of bootleggers and law-breakers, but the great mass of church women, club women, mothers and teachers, who represent the common sense of the common people on this issue demand honest enforcement and honest politics. They are horrified at some of the appointments made from Florida to Alaska. They will not be loyal to any Party which offers them corruption, evasions and compromise. The present failure in certain parts of the country is A Failure of Men not a failure of the 18th Amendment. The Nineteenth Amendment will stand by the Eighteenth Amendment. It will not be repealed. It shall not be annulled. We, the People, have the right vested in us by the Constitution, by representative government and by our solemn duty to demand as citizens that the law be enforced by men who believe in the law and keep the law. Not only Vare and Smith should be unseated. Impeachment for all in Congress who are law breakers should follow. Conditions in certain courts and the character of certain Judges will bear investigation. Who is responsible? (From an address by Mrs. Henry W. Peabody) Women's National Committee for Law Enforcement 1 Arsenal Square, Cambridge, Mass. STATEMENTS Sent by the WOMAN'S NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT through its Deputation to the National Committees The Woman's National Committee for Law Enforcement voted in its executive committee to send deputations to the Republican National Committee meeting in December and the Democratic National Committee meeting in Washington in January. The statements of the deputations were received by the two National Committees, the Republican through Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, the Democratic through Mrs. William R. Patangall, a member of the Democratic National Committee. The statements represent the attitude of great organizations of women numbering some ten millions affiliated for better observance and enforcement of the law, especially that most under attack, the 18th Amendment to the Constitution and include club and church women, as well as educational organizations. Other deputations will be appointed in the various states by the state committees and will present their request to the state committee of both parties. There is no issue which holds for the women the interest of this major issue of law enforcement. Women will, for the first time, take an active part in the primaries and election, since they have learned the great value of prohibition imperfectly enforced. Loyal women and loyal men will stand for platforms and candidates definitely pledged to support the Constitution. No man can aspire to the Presidency whose record is not clear and clean. Woman's National Committee for Law Enforcement. Statement to the Democratic National Committee, Washington, January 12 The Democratic members of the Woman's National Committee for Law Enforcement wish to express to the Democratic party their desire for party success in 1928 and their belief that victory can only be made possible by taking a stand in support of the Constitution and in favor of the enforcement of laws designed to carry out its purposes. Such a course frankly and unequivocally expressed in our platform and exemplified in party leadership will commend itself to the thoughtful, patriotic and law abiding women in America. Any other course will alienate millions and prevent them from supporting the Democratic party to which they now adhere, and in whose principles, as declared by its great leaders, they believe. The organization in whose behalf this expression of views is offered to you will work for delegates to both national conventions who will stand for the principles we represent. The Democratic party is now in the minority. It can only hope to become the majority party by standing four-square for those things which appeal to American women, first and foremost of which is the cause of prohibition embodying as that cause now does respect for and adherence to the National Constitution and obedience to law. MRS. WILLIAM R. PATTANGALL, Member of the Democratic National Committee. Statement to the Republican National Committee, December 6 The Republican members of the Women's National Committee for Law Enforcement wish to express to the Republican party, through its National Committee, their desire that the party win in the coming elections on high constitutional ground, not through unholy alliance with men who attack the Constitution and break their oath of office to support and defend as they break its laws. The following resolution was adopted by our Executive Committee:- Resolved; that we convey to President Coolidge our satisfaction over a recent press statement which he is reported to have made regarding law enforcement, and entire agreement with his belief that "perpetual dodging of this issue is damaging to the nation." With him we "declare for an open and frank dry declaration in the platform." We also urge that both parties put themselves "definitely on record in favor of the 18th Amendment." We can urge a great host of Republican women, loyal to this principle, to aid their party if that party will stand for these essentials, both in the party platform and in the choice of candidates. While other policies enter in this is the basic policy and is your "reasonable service." Privileged women opposed to this position are few and can help you little. The women we represent are a great host and will help if you will clear this issue through delegates in several states and through your party leadership. Our campaign has begun. We shall work for delegates to the National Convention in both parties who are straight on this issue. We shall not weaken but shall strengthen as the campaign proceeds. The organizations represented in our National Committee have taken strong action in their delegated bodies. Our party is in shadow at present owing to corrupt politics in certain states and an ineffectual record in certain departments in Washington. Let us redeem it by our action. The women will vote on this issue which is their issue. They will work whole-heartedly with their party if that party will stand consistently for open declaration in its platform for the 18th Amendment and for the nomination of men who believe in the 18th Amendment and stand for its rigid enforcement. MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, Chairman Woman's National Committee for Law Enforcement. 1 ARSENAL SQ., CAMBRIDGE, MASS. Q. Were the liquor interests law-abiding before we had the 18th Amendment? A. From a time long ago before the Whiskey Rebellion in 1793-4, until the present, the liquor interest has resented regulation, and has broken the laws. Blind pigs and kitchen bar-rooms, boot-leggers, moonshiners, and adulterated liquor, were notoriously familiar under license and local option conditions. It is as easy to abolish the liquor business as to regulate it. Q. Is there more drinking now than before prohibition? A. Decidedly not. Open saloons, breweries, and distilleries have been closed. Drinking on the way to and from work, between classes in Universities, and such casual drinkers are very much lessened. Boot-leggers, and boot-leggers' patrons, home brewers, and moonshine makers, do not begin to equal the wholesale liquor manufacture and sale which existed before the passage of the 18th Amendment. Savings banks, charitable institutions and manufacturers' records show great decrease in the amount of drinking and drunkenness, and a great reduction in the waste which goes with undertaking to work while partially under the influence of liquor. Q. Can this prohibition Amendment be repealed, and how? A. It can be done by introducing into Congress a resolution in the form of a constitutional amendment to repeal this Amendment, but it is regarded by political experts as a practical impossibility because there are enough dry states to prevent it. It would have to follow the same course for ratification as any other amendment. Such an amendment can be defeated by a negative vote in either house in thirteen of the State Legislatures. Q. Is prohibition an interference with personal liberty? A. No more than any other law. There is no more reason to repeal the 18th Amendment because some do not like it, than there is to repeal the traffic laws, or other laws, because those whom they were intended to curb do not like them. By restraining those who may be dangerous to the public, we protect the whole public, thus we gain -- "liberty under law." -- Grace A. Johnson for Woman's National Committee for Law Enforcement 1 Arsenal Square, Cambridge, Mass. January, 1928. North Shore Press, Inc. Manchester-By-The-Sea, Mass. Prohibition Facts Q. What does Prohibition mean? A. It means that the people through their representatives have decided that the liquor traffic is incompatible with public welfare and therefore would be forbidden protection under law. The business for beverage purposes is therefore prohibited just as dealing in opium or heroin and other drugs is prohibited except for medicinal purposes. Q. How is this 18th Amendment (called the Prohibition Amendement) worded? A. United States Constitution. Article XVIII. Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this article, the manufacture, sale or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof, for beverage purposes, is hereby prohibited. Section 2. The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress. Q. Is this Amendment an integral part of the Constitution? A. Yes, as much a part as the first article, or any other part. Q. Was it "put over" on us? A. No. In 1851 the people of Maine put prohibition in their State Constitution. The National Prohibition Party was established in 1869. Liquor interests have been combined throughout these years to fight prohibition, as their own publications show. It has been a political issue for seventy or more years. Q. Was it sprung "while the boys were away in France"? A. The 18th Amendment was passed by the Congress elected in 1916, five months before the United States declared war on Germany. All voters called to the colors had an opportunity to vote for or against the members of that Congress. Q. When was it submitted to the State Legislatures by Congress? A. December 18, 1917. Q. What was the vote in the United States Senate? A. 65 Yes to 20 No ; a more than three-to-one vote, while only two-to-one was required. Q. What was the vote in the United States House of Representatives? A. 282 Yes to 128 No ; a more than two-to-one vote. Q. Was it adopted as the other amendments to the United States Constitution have been adopted? A. Yes. It was ratified by the Legislatures of the requisite thirty-six states by an unprecedentedly large vote, and in a shorter period of time than any preceding amendment had been ratified. Within thirteen months thirty-six states had ratified, and ten others ratified later. A two-thirds vote is required in each house of Congress to submit any amendment, and a majority vote in each house of at least thirty-six State Legislatures is required for ratification. Q. What was the course of the vote of ratification in the State Legislature? A. 1. Congress submitted the Amendment to the State Legislatures in December, 1917. 2. In 1918 fifteen states, including Massachusetts, ratified. 3. In 1919 thirty more states ratified. 4. In 1922 one more state ratified. 5. Forty-five states ratified the Amendment within fifteen months, followed two years later by one more, making forty-six State ratifications, not merely the necessary thirty-six. Connecticut and Rhode Island are the only two of the 48 states which did not ratify. 6. The liquor interests could have defeated the prohibition amendment if they had been able to prevent a favorable vote in either house of only thirteen of the State Legislatures. Q. Was this a "woman's measure" and put over on the men? A. No. A Congress of men voted to submit the Amendment to the states. Forty-six State Legislatures of men voted to ratify it. Hence, it was a "man's measure", though vast numbers of women favored it. The Federal Amendment enfranchising women had not then been passed. Q. Were there any states "dry" before the Federal Prohibition Amendment was ratified? A. Thirty-two states had adopted prohibition for themselves by state action by the time the Federal Amendment was ratified. Q. How can Prohibition be enforced? A. The United States Government and the States each have equal responsibility to enact and enforce laws to make the 18th Amendment effective. Q. What is the Volstead Act? A. It is the enforcement code for the 18th Amendment. It limits the amount of alcohol permissible in non-intoxicating beverages to one-half of one percent of alcohol by volume. It specifies under what conditions beverages of higher alcoholic contents may be manufactured, sold, or transported for medicinal and other particular purposes. It provides the methods of enforcement and the penalties for violations. Q. Why was the percentage of alcohol in beverages limited to one-half of one percent by volume? A. A generation or more ago the brewers and distillers themselves defined any beverage containing more than one-half of one percent of alcohol by volume as intoxicating, -- in order thus to protect their own monopoly under the revenue and license laws. When Prohibition was adopted, the long established definition of intoxicating liquor was continued. Why should the originators of it object now? Q. What percent of alcohol do "light wines and beer" contain? A. Of the liquor sold in this country before Prohibition 90% was beer, of about 4% alcoholic conte ale " " 7.4 % " " 3% was wine, whose alcoholic content varies from 8 or 9% for the very lightest to that of Champagne 12.2% Claret 13% Sherry 19% Port 23.2% 7% was distilled liquor such as Gin 51.6% Brandy 53.4% Rum 53.7% Whiskey 54.3% These figures show that the great mass of victims of alcohol were drinkers of "light beer" (Percentages of alcohol taken from World Almanac, 1922.) [*Prov. Journal. Friday, March 16, 1928*] R.I. SENATE FAILS TO PASS DRY BILL ----------- McMeehan Refuses to Break 17-17 Tie on Measure to Put "Teeth" in Sherwood Act. ----------- BITTER DEBATE WAGED ----------- Grinnell Denounces Proposal as Unconstitutional. -- Audience of "Drys" in Gallery Assailed With a tie roll call vote of 17 to 17, which President Pro Tem. Robert G. McMeehan did not break, the Senate failed to pass yesterday the amendment offered by Senator Herbert D. Slocum, Rep., of North Kingstown, "putting teeth" in the Sherwood liquor enforcement law. On two votes, one indefinitely to postpone the measure and the other to pass it, the Senate voted 17 to 17, and each time Senator McMeehan allowed the vote to stand. On both roll calls, the Senators voted consistently as follows: For the bill -- Senators Bassett, Bergstrom, Burnside, Chase, Fish, Hamlin, Hammond, Hathaway, Irons, Mills, Peckham, Phetteplace, Sherman, Slocum, Stone, Thorp, Weaver. Against the bill -- Archambault, Bixby, Budlong, Choquet, Cruise, Cullen, Dixon, Granger, Grinnell, Handy, Littlefield, Mathieu, Robinson, Saugy, Sisson, Speck, Whitehouse. The vote and debate on the measure were carried on before an audience of representatives of the Anti-Saloon League of Rhode Island and the Women's Christian Temperance Union, and the assembly came in for some scathing remarks from Senators Alberic A. Archambault, Dem., of West Warwick; Max W. Saugy, Rep., of Warren, and Maurice Robinson, Dem., of Providence. Senator Russell Grinnell, Republican floor leader, denounced the measure as unconstitutional and declared that not one jury in a thousand would convict a man under its provisions. Provides $100 Fine, 90-Day Term The amendment called for a compulsory fine of $100 and a compulsory jail sentence of 90 days on a first offence under the liquor law and $200 fine and six months imprisonment on second and subsequent offences. This penalty would apply to all charges under the law, including transportation, possession or sale. At one point during the debate, Senator Robinson suggested that the Anti- Saloon Leaguers "do a good job" and make the penalty for second offence jail for life or the death penalty. Senator Slocum urged passage of the measure on the ground that increased penalties were necessary to make the liquor law "as strict as the old license law." Senator Saugy attacked the act, declaring Continued on Page 7, Column 3. ROBERT G. McMEEHAN Senator From East Providence, Presiding in Senate, Declines to Cast Deciding Vote in 17-17 Tie in Measure Designed to Put Teeth in State's Liquor Enforcement Act. R. I. SENATE FAILS TO PASS DRY BILL -------- Continued from Page 1, Col. 2 declaring that if he gave a man a drink of whiskey to save his life he would be liable to a jail term and a fine. Senator Slocum rose to answer Mr. Saugy and Senator Archambault objected on the ground that the Senator could not speak again on the act until other Senators had spoken. President McMeehan invoked rule 18, but read only half of the rule and allowed the North Kingstown man to proceed. Senator Wilfred J. Mathieu, Rep., of Woonsocket rose to correct the presiding officer by reading the second half of the rule, and the Chair yielded the point and Senator Slocum sat down. At that point Senator Russell H. Handy, Rep., of Lincoln, moved adjournment. Several Senators rose to ask unanimous consent to introduce bills which they did not have ready when "new business" was in order. They were allowed to proceed and then the move to adjourn was defeated on a division vote, 5-26. Postponement Moved. Senator Robinson then moved indefinitely to postpone the measure. Senator Slocum debated this motion and was followed by Senator Saugy, who declared that "a few fanatics who did not want to see anyone else live had come up here to get a bill to put people in jail." "If I lived dry, I'd vote dry," declared the Warren man. "If I lived wet, I'd vote wet, and all hell in the back of the bill would not change me." For the first time since the debate started, Senator Grinnell spoke. He declared that under the measure a farmer with week-old cider would have to call in a chemist to ascertain the content of alcohol and if it was over one-half of 1 percent., he might go to jail. The act was intemperate and intolerant and was a violation of the constitutional clause which barred cruel and unjust sentences, he said. The G. O. P. leader declared that act would put more obstacles in the way of the poor man and allow the rich man to go free, for the reason that the man without money would be convicted and sentenced in district court, whereas the man with money would appeal to the Superior Court where he never would be convicted on a jury trial. Grinnell Assails Intolerance "I am a strong advocate of temperance," he declared, "but also I am as strong against fanaticism and intolerance." Senator Mathieu arose and started to deliver a speech on the evils of the dry law, declaring that the prohibition law was an act of coercion. He was interrupted by Senator Earl M. Irons of Smithfield, who said the Woonsocket man was not speaking to the motion. Senator Mathieu agreed that he was not and later said he would save his speech until his own resolution to memorialize Congress for a national referendum on the dry law came up, which probably will be today. Senator Archambault objected to the bill, declaring that the first act of cruelty to the colonists of America was the cause of the United States Constitution. He then reviewed Biblical history to show that Jesus Christ was tolerant of sinners and drunkards and did not condemn and imprison. "Mary Magdalen was quite a flapper," said the West Warwick man. "From all accounts she was a pretty high stepper and she probably drank liquor. Yet when the Lord met her He did not say, "One hundred dollars fine and 90 days in jail.' He forgave her. "We also have heard of the prodigal son who got what was coming to him from the old man and went out and spent it. He lived a riotous life and got drunk, but when he came home, his father forgave him. And then we have the case of Gomorrah, that wicked city which the Lord punished. You remember that Lot's wife looked back. She wanted to see the punishment which the Lord was administering, and to punish her for that, the Lord turned her into a pillar of salt. "I believe that the virtue which attaches itself to non-drinkers who know nothing of liquor is the virtue of stinginess, added to narrow-mindedness." Talks to "Drys" in Audience Throughout his whole address Senator Archambault talked directly to the dry representatives who had flocked to the Senate chamber. "Most of the girls today wear short hair and short skirts," he said, looking about, "while most of the women here wear long hair and long skirts. Suppose the girls of the State came up here and asked us to pass a bill prohibiting long skirts and long hair on the grounds that they were unsanitary and bad for the coming generation. What would you girls have to say to that?" Senator Handy attacked prohibition as a war-time measure to save grain, an act which the people never intended should be continued after the war ended. The vote on the move indefinitely to postpone was closely followed by the vote to pass the measure. In each case Senator Harry A. Sanderson, Rep., of Johnston was absent from the chamber. House [of] Representatives [Cl]erk's Office [Wa]shington, D. C . Mrs. Sara M. Algeo Barrington, R. I. DEFENCE OF PROHIBITION Reprint from THE BOSTON HERALD To the Editor of The Herald: There was a time in my life when I had the care of several boys in my home from the juvenile court, in a western state. One of them was subnormal. When on some expedition he was not wanted, they would explain to him; "You're too jung." Scandinavians find it impossible to sound Y, so instead of jung it should be young -- "You're too young." As I read of all these uprisings against prohibition I mentally remark, too. "You're too jung." You have no conception of conditions when the saloon was in its power. I have lived through temperance, high license, local option, original packages and 11 years of prohibition, so I feel I am qualified to judge, and confidently assert again, "You're too jung" to judge correctly. Let me give just two cases from life in Boston in former years: When Mrs. Harriet S. Caswell opened the Industrial Home on Bennet street she said there were 800 saloons and their twin evil, 100 houses of ill fame, in north Boston. In her "The Story of a Pioneer," Anna Shaw tells of when, as a student physician she was called to attend a confinement case, the 10th child, she found the expectant mother drunk and two men on the floor of the same room, in the same condition. She had them carried out and when the mother and the new born babe were cared for, turned her attention to another occupant of the room. a beautiful little boy in filthy rags. She took him to her home, bathed and fed him and bought new clothes throughout for him, and begged the mother to let her keep him. The mother was obdurate, however, and when Miss Shaw made her next call she found the clothes had been sold, the money spent for drink, and the poor child again in filthy rags. In these cases there was no redress. The license was paid; the business legitimate. Prohibition has outlawed the liquor traffic. Not a year ago "Rover" reported in The Herald the fact that pawnbrokers said men no longer pawned their shoes for money to buy a drink. Anything awful about such a condition? Prohibiting the sale of liquor is what now keeps the shoes on the feet. I have read somewhere that prohibition is a failure only to those who have never tried it. ROSE E. UPTON BASCOM. Framingham, August 21. [*a month ago 185000 copies of signs of Chi Times had been sold. Cast 2 1/2 4. order from S. N. E. Bible [and] Book House / S. Lancaster, Mass.*] Read within ... The True Story of Lady Nicotine Some interesting laboratory facts that run counter to many popular beliefs about smoking. Boston Mass. Mrs. Sara M. 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If, however, I am not completely satisfied after smoking 20 cigars or cigarettes, or 1/4 pound of tobacco, I retain the privilege of returning the balance within five days, and in that case you agree to cancel the charge. Coronas -- box of fifty ... $10.50 "Special Five" -- box of 100 ..... $5.00 Queens -- box of fifty...... $9.00 Cigarros -- Box of 100 ...... $5.00 Perfectos -- box of fifty...... $7.50 De Luxe Cigarettes (Turkish), 100 to carton, per 100 .......$2.75 Deliciosas -- box of fity.....$6.50 Standard Cigarettes, 200 to carton, per 200 ..... $2.75 Panatellas -- box of fifty......$5.50 1 lb. Can Smoking Tobacco ......$3.00 Puritana -- box of fifty .....$4.00 Name Address City State Business Connection What Capacity SEE OTHER SIDE FOR PICTURES AND DESCRIPTIONS 57 CORONA Boxy of fity, $10.50 postpaid. Specially selected finest Havana filler and binder, and finest imported S u m a t r a wrapper QUEEN Box of fifty, $9.00 postpaid. Full Havana filler and binder, best variety and finest imported S u m a t r a wrapper. PERFECTO Box of fifty, $7.50 postpaid. Same quality as the Queen, but smaller and different shape. DELICIOSA Box of fifty, $6.50 postpaid. Same quality as the Queen and Perfecto. b u t s o m e w h a t smaller. PANATELLA Box of fifty, $5.50 postpaid. Blended Havana filler, with Havana binder and imported Sumatra wrapper. CARL HENRY STANDARD CIGARETTES Price $2.75 per 200. The best domestic, with a slight bend of Turkish. CARL HENRY DE LUXE CIGARETTES Price 2.50 per 100. Fine imported Turkish tobacco blended properly with some of the best domestic. CARL HENRY SMOKING TOBACCO Packed in 1 lb. cans, $3.00. A delightfully smooth and cool blend of the best Turkish and Virginia tobaccos. CARL HENRY CIGARROS Price $5.00 per 100. An ideal short smoke. Made of the choicest Havana filler and imported Sumatra wrapper. CARL HENRY SPECIAL FIVE Price $5.00 per 100. Made of choice Havana filler and imported Sumatra wrapper. A full 5" cigar. CARL HENRY PURITANT Price $4.00 per box of 50. Made of an all imported filler and genuine imported Sumatra wrapper. CARL HENRY, Inc. - 354 Fourth Ave., New York INTRODUCTION IT SHOULD be said at the outset that the purpose of this little book is not to induce you to give up smoking. On the contrary -- in spite of the title -- its purpose is really to enable you to smoke with a great deal more pleasure and peace of mind than you now do. You have always felt in your heart of hearts (most men do) that smoking is harmful to you in some way. But you take a great deal of pleasure in associating with Lady Nicotine. And your point of view is, "I'm not convinced that smoking is harmful. And even if it is, what of it? The pleasure is worth paying for." That is the way I myself feel about smoking, -- although not about Lady Nicotine -- so that you may be sure I shall not preach tobacco-prohibition in this book. All I claim to do is to give men -- and women, if they will listen -- the real truth about nicotine, and its physiological effect on humans, not other animals. There has been an immense amount of medical research into the subject; it has been carried on for over a hundred years. As usual, in scientific research, the doctors have frequently disagreed. That (you should remember) is how Science advances slowly from one success to another. For also, as usual, there has remained a substantial residue of fact upon which the authorities do agree. You want to be sure, of course, that the facts are what I say they are. What are my qualifications as authority? Zero, I admit. I'm a distributor of tobacco, not a scientist. I have however, read deeply in this subject -- many formidable books and authoritative laboratory reports. All I shall do is to paraphrase (into non-medical English which the average man can understand) the results of that extremely careful reading. In particular, as well be noticed, I rely a great deal upon an exhaustive and illuminating summary about The Tobacco Habit, written by W. E. Dixon, M. D., F. R. S., who is connected with the Pharmacological Laboratory, of Cambridge University, England. This summary appeared in the March, 1928 issue of The Medical Standard. Besides the research con- Copyrighted, 1936, by Carl Henry, Inc. 354 Fourth Ave., New York, N. Y. conducted for a long period in the Cambridge University Pharmacological Laboratory, below are the series of authorities that Dr. Dixon himself refers to in his report, which was first presented at a meeting of scientists in England. I list these authorities here, not that I expect anybody to read them -- even physicians -- but to indicate that, while the facts I shall retail about Lady Nicotine are popularly presented, they do not constitute the sort of pseudo-science that many of our newspapers and magazines frequently regale us with nowadays. In short, you may be sure that the facts presented in this little book are the latest and most authoritative findings of Science upon the effect of this substance on the human system. It will (you will agree) strip from the seductive Lady Nicotine the reputation in which she has so long been held by her too-trusting devotees; and yet, curiously, -- and this is perhaps hard to believe until you learn the facts -- they show that not only need we not give up smoking, if we enjoy it; but, if we are sensible, we can actually enjoy the good old cigar and pipe and cigarette more than ever before. How? Well -- that is the surprising story. References Tiedermann: Geschichte des Tabaks, 1854, p. 137 -- McKendric and Dewar: Ber. d. d. Chem. Ges., 1874, p. 1458 -- Harnack and Meyer; Schmeid, Arch., 12, 394, 1880 -- Brunton and Tunnicliffe: Journ. Physiol., 17, 272, 1894 -- Henderson and Haggard: Journ. Amer. Med. Assoc., 81, 385, 1923 -- Wilson and others; Ibid; 87, 319, 1925 -- Armstrong: British Medical Journal, 1922, i, 992 -- Hartridge: Proc. Phys. Soc., January 31, 1920 -- Sayers and others: U. S. Pub. Health Rep., 37, 1127, 1922 -- Habermann and Ehrenfeld: Zeit. f. Physiol. Chem. 1908 -- Lehmann: Munch. med. Woch., 55, 723, 1908; arch. f. Hyg., 68, 319, 1909 -- Remington: Journ. Amer. Chem. Soc., June, 1927 -- v. Hildebrand: Journ. d. Prakt. Heik., 13, 151, 1801 -- Namias: Gaz. des Hop., p. 461, 1864 -- New York Med. Journ. N. S. 9 -- Turney: Med. Mag., October, 1913, p. 14 -- Van Leeuwen: Schmied. Arch., 84, 283, 1918. -- Puntoni: Annali. d' Igiene, 30, 469, 1920 -- Skaller: Berl. klin. Woch., December 6th, 1909 -- Hurst: Medical Essays and Addresses, London, 1924 -- Rolleston: Practitioner, January 1927, p. 1 -- Carlson and Lewis: Amer. Journ. Physiol., 34, 149, 1914 -- Danielopolu and others: C. R. Soc. de Biol. 92, 525, 1925 -- Wagner: Med. Klin., Berlin, 20, 562, 1924 -- Lee: Quart. Journ. Exper. Physiol., i, 335, 1908 -- Aikman: New York Med. Journ., 102, 891, 1915 -- Hesse: Deut. Zeit. f. klin. Nervenheilkunde, 47-48, 128, 1913 -- John: Zeit, ex-Path., 14. 332, 1913 -- Nicolai and Staehelin: Zeit. exp. Path. 8, 323, 1910 -- Neuhof: Arch. Int. Med. 17, 659, 1916 -- Pawinski: Zeit. klin. Med. 80, 284, 1914 -- Mendenhall: Amer. Journ. Physiol., 72, 549, 1925; Jorn. Pharm. and Exper. Therap. 17, 333, 1921 -- Hale and Grabfield: Journ. Pharm. and Exper. Therap., 21, 77, 1923 -- Berry: Psych. Bulletin, Princetown, 14, 25, 1917 -- Carver: Journ. Comp. Psych. 2, 279, 1922 -- Clark: Clark Coll. Reprints, U. S. A., 1900 -- Baumberger, Journ. Pharm. and Exper. Therap. 21, 35, 1923 -- Earp: The Student Who Smokes, Antioch Press, 1926 -- Flick: Tobacco, Henry Phipps Inst., 1908 -- Baumberger, Perry and Martin: Journ. Ind. Hyg. 3, i, 1921 -- Lombard: Amer. Journ. Physiol. 40, 32, 1916 -- Raphael: Ibid., 52, 132, 1920 -- Keller: Med. Klin., Berlin, 18, 1149, 1922 -- Des Amblyopias et Amauroses Toxiques, 1897, p. 47 -- Androgue: Sem. Med., Buenos Aires, 2, 320, 1923 -- Faust: Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm. 44, 217, 1908 -- Cloetta: Ibid, 64, 427, 1911 -- Dixon: Prov. Roy. Soc. Med., 5, 1, 1911 -- Dixon and Lee: Quart. Journ. Exper. Physiol., 5. 1912 -- Edmunds: Pharm. and Exper., Therap. 1, i, 1909 -- Edmunds Armstrong-Jones: Practitioner, January 1927, p. 16 -- Rolleston: Lancet, May 22nd 1926, p. 961 -- Katholik Sociaal Weekblad, June, 1926. The True Story of Lady Nicotine PRUSSIC acid is considered to be the deadliest of all poisons. Nicotine almost approaches it in poisonousness, and often acts as rapidly. It takes about one-sixth of a drop of nicotine (about 11 milligrams) to kill a cat or a rabbit. From one-half to two drops placed upon the tongue of a dog will kill it almost instantly. The amount required, apparently, depends upon the canine. A drop placed even on the eye of a sparrow or a white rabbit will kill the creature at once. According to one authority, the amount required to kill a good stout horse is eight drops, and the action takes place in four minutes. As to homo sapiens, the amount required to kill one of us is from 60 to 120 milligrams, depending, of course, upon our age and condition. This is from one to two drops. In a single ordinary cigar, there is enough nicotine (if it were extracted and injected internally) to kill two full-grown men. Of course every man and woman knows, though but in a hazy way, about this deadly poisonousness of Nicotine. But the usual attitude of the smoker is this: "All very well. But there are millions of pounds of tobacco smoked every year, by hundreds of millions of people. I never saw anybody keel over from it. It may be true, if I took it pure, that a drop or two would kill me. But then I don't take it pure. Only an insignificant amount gets inside of me. Nothing seems to happen so far as I can tell. So why worry? This is common sense -- but only up to a point. It is obvious that the total amount of nicotine, in a single cigarette, cigar or pipeful of tobacco, is not absorbed into the system of the smoker. If it were, clearly, nobody would live to smoke more than once. Only a very small amount enters the system with each smoke, -- too little to kill. But, it must be remembered, some does. How much enters, -- and what is its effect? Is the Nicotine Burned Up or Freed? A great many people have the idea that the nicotine is completely burned up in the tobacco before the smoke enters the mouth. This idea is completely fallacious and a really dangerous misconception to have. The London Lancet, one of the leading medical journals of the world (and every experimenter has found the same to be true), discovered that tobacco smoke always contained nicotine. How much was present -- that is, how much of the original nicotine content had been destroyed by burning -- always depends on the variety of the tobacco, and the form and manner in which it is smoked. In some cases, ninety per cent of the original nicotine is destroyed by the burning; in other cases, as little as twenty per cent is destroyed, and eighty per cent is freed from the tobacco and remains in the smoke. In other words, the reason one cigar, or a few cigarettes, don't kill you is obvious: First, a varying proportion of the nicotine present is burned up. Second, what remains in the smoke is taken into the mouth and almost all of this (except by inhalers) is blown out again. But what you must remember is that a certain proportion of the nicotine which you take in your mouth is absorbed into your system every time you smoke. How Much Nicotine Do You Absorb in One Smoke? Now, how much is absorbed into the system in each case varies with different factors. It depends, first, obviously, on the total amount of nicotine in the particular cigar, cigarette or pipeful of tobacco. (Different species of tobacco leaves vary greatly in their nicotine content; in some tobacco, 8% of the volume, by weight, is nicotine; in other the content is as low as 2% by weight.) It depends, even to a greater extent, upon the moistness of the tobacco and the thoroughness with which it burns. (The drier the tobacco, the more nicotine is destroyed in combustion.) It depends also on the way cigar or cigarette is made. A slender cigar, proportionately, will have less nicotine in its smoke than a fat one, because it burns better; and a well-coiled cigar less than a poorly-made one for the same reason. Taking a standard Virginian cigarette, Dr. Dixon, in his experiments, found that when three-quarters of it was consumed, about three milligrams of nicotine was present in the resulting smoke. "It must not be assumed," he says, "that all of this is necessarily absorbed in the system, but in the case of the inhaler most of it certainly is, perhaps 75 per cent ... Hence, if a cigarette smoker were to puff ten cigarettes cigarettes on end, he would certainly absorb 20 to 30 milligrams of nicotine -- enough to produce a profound physiological effect, though, administered in this way, perhaps ten to fifteen times under the lethal dose." How Nicotine Affects the Body Through the Nerves Now, what is the effect upon the human system of the small amount of nicotine that is absorbed every time one smokes the ordinary cigar, cigarette or pipe? The effect is first upon the nerves, and through them, of course, upon the various organs and bodily processes. All experiments show conclusively that the effect is one of stimulation to the nerves, followed by depression. Nicotine differs from other strong drugs like morphine, heroin, and cocain in this respect -- in that it affects every nerve in the body; they affect the central nervous system only. Nicotine does affect the brain and spinal cord, but also the entire autonomic nervous system, which controls those vital operations of our organs that keep our bodies functioning properly. Now, in learning specifically what results from this effect on the autonomic nervous system, you should be warned not to jump to the conclusion that, because you individually have not experienced the particular trouble mentioned, either that you are immune to nicotine-poisoning, or that the scientists are wrong. Some Counts in the Indictment The fact is that the list of ailments that individual physicians and scientists have, at one time or another, attributed to Lady Nicotine, printed in this size of type, would probably be as long as your arm. I am going to append a list of some of them (not all), just as a matter of interest. It must be remembered, however, that opinion differs upon several of these listed. In other words, in respect to some of the ailments, Lady Nicotine has only been indicted for being responsible; in others, the case against her is in dispute (there might be said to be a split jury); in still others the case against her has been completely proved and there can be no question as to her guilt. Here is the list, a partial one: Depressed circulation and respiration Sensibility of nerves of taste and smell blunted Predisposition to mucuous plaques Action of pepsin in stomach affected Gastritis and dyspepsia Hyper-acidity in the stomach Duodenal ulcer Destruction of appetite Intestinal catarrh Diarrhea Elementary glycosuria of the liver Aggravation of diabetic tendency Liver hemorrhages Fatty and sclerotic changes in the liver Kidney degeneration Favoring of tuberculosis Ronchi (irritation) in lungs Chronic bronchitis Atheroma of the aorta Aneurism of the aorta Heightened blood pressure Degeneration of heart muscles Tobacco angina pectoris Angio-sclerosis Extrasystole (extra beat) of the heart Palpitation of the heart "Heart block" Asthmatic attacks Pronounced anemia Bright's disease Neurasthenia Tobacco epilepsy Amblyopia Amaurosis Color blindness Tobacco "deafness" Endocrine gland affections Genital gland affections Smokers' sore throat Acne Favoring development of goitre Cancer of the mouth and throat Premature senility Apoplexy A long list, and it could be made longer! In reading it, remember two things: First, that the medical profession as a whole does not hold that all of these troubles may arise from nicotine-absorption, that opinion differs about some of them; second, that in some of them nicotine-absorption is not represented as either the sole or direct cause, but as a contributory factor. The Commonest Effects -- First, the Stomach The important thing for the laymand to know is that in this group there are certain ones about which practically the entire medical profession agrees. What follows are some of the common (though it must still be remembered, not invariable) results of nicotine-absorption. The commonest effect (the one that even the most super- conservative medical opinion agrees to) is upon the digestive organs -- particularly upon the alimentary canal, down which your food goes, and upon the stomach, in which your food is largely digested. Careful X-ray experiments, carried on with both smokers and non-smokers, show that nicotine at once causes the muscles of the alimentary canal to stop working; and that within fifteen minutes after you smoke a cigar the normal automatic movement of the stomach stop. They remain stopped until about three minutes after the smoking has ceased, when they begin again. Another practically immediate effect of the nicotine is to increase the flow of secretion from the alimentary glands, and the digestive juices in the stomach, and then to depress them. Hyperacidity, excess of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, is thus a common trouble of smokers. They lay it, usually, to what they eat, but more likely it is one of the troubles to be laid to Lady Nicotine. I mentioned this fact once to a man, a heavy smoker, who had been dosing himself for years with bicarbonate of soda. "Nonsense!" he exploded, "my wife never touched her lips to a cigarette in her life and she has as much stomach trouble as I have. She doesn't know how to cook, that's all." Yet he was an intelligent man, in some respects. This experience makes it necessary to point out here -- in A B C fashion -- that the physicians don't say, by any means, that nicotine is the only agent that causes these particular digestive troubles. But, nevertheless, it does cause them, not always, but very commonly; and certainly often enough to make it sensible for the smoker who is troubled with hyper- acidity, gastritis, dyspepsia, and loss of appetite, to find out at least whether Lady Nicotine isn't the prime inducing cause. The general opinion of physicians is that it depends upon the sensitiveness of the individual whether these digestive disturbances, which unquestionably follow nicotine absorption, will result in a serious gastric disease. There is a strong body of opinion, for instance, which holds that nicotine favors the appearance of duodenal and stomach ulcers. What Nicotine Does to the Heart and Blood Vessels After the digestive system, the next unquestioned effect of nicotine (and, remember, I am only describing some of the unquestioned effects) is upon the heart and the circulating system. First, "all observers are agreed," summarizes Dr. Dixon, "that the use of tobacco increases the pulse rate from five to ten beats a minute, and in the case of the man who is continually smoking the increase of rate becomes permanent." This increased pulse rate is accompanied with a small rise in blood pressure, which begins a few minutes after smoking commences and lasts as long as one smokes. This fact is particularly important for those to know who are inclined to a high blood- pressure, with its attendant dangers. It is also pretty well accepted that the heart of even a moderate smoker is less efficient in periods of strain. All athletes know this very well. More serious effects upon the heart, caused by nicotine absorption, are sometimes palpitation and arrhythmia. They usually disappear when smoking is stopped. Arterio-sclerosis (hardening of the arteries) is easily produced in animals by the injection of nicotine, but the proof as to men is not conclusive, although there is a weighty body of opinion which holds that heavy smoking at least favors arterio-sclerosis. What Happens to the Brain and Eye The result cited above are a few of those that arise from the effect of nicotine on the autonomic nervous system. But it affects the central nervous system as well-the brain and spinal cord. Its main effect here is as a sedative. Whether it affects mental efficiency injuriously has been the subject of a great deal of debate. The consensus of opinion, from the experiments, seems to be that at least it is not helpful to clear thinking and energetic action in daily living. There is one serious eye disease that should be mentioned, which some physicians believe arises from nicotine-absorption, tobacco-amblyopia. This is a grave condition when it occurs. In lay parlance, it means dimness of vision and frequently loss of sight. What Happens to the Liver Then there is the effect of nicotine upon the liver. What this is, directly, is in doubt. The indirect effects, however, are marked. It is the liver that is responsible for "detoxicating" nicotine-that is, preventing it from having the full effect it otherwise would have. The nicotine comes into the mouth in smoke; there is an immense surface of mucous membrane in the nose, mouth and lungs and air passages, an area of from 800 to 2000 square feet. Every three minutes the entire blood in the body is spread over this area, and the blood absorbs some of the nicotine from the smoke. The blood passes through the liver, and that faithful organ detoxicates as much of the nicotine collected as it can. Were it not for your liver, in other words, Lady Nicotine would kill you in short order. Unquestionably, the liver itself ordinarily suffers from the nicotine; many liver ailments have been attributed to it, but there is no consensus of opinion, so that (in accordance with my policy) I shan't mention them. The indirect effects upon the liver, however, are obvious. The real business of the liver is to help digest food. When it must devote a large part of its energies to destroying nicotine, it cannot properly hold up its end in the work of digestion. More waste elements thus accumulate in the blood and tissues. This obviously affects the general tone of the body and one's state of health. Do You Become Immune to Nicotine? The Facts! A good many people have the idea that because they may have smoked for a long time, they have become immune to all the effects of nicotine. This is clearly one of the ideas that Lady Nicotine, by her charm, originates-blinding us as to her real character. It is true that the body seems to become accustomed to nicotine rapidly. After the first few smokes, as everyone knows, the boy or girl no longer shows the first violent reaction. But this so-called "tolerance" is only apparent, and not real. All the experiments show (and every man and woman should know this important fact) that, even in the most hardened smoker, when once nicotine reaches the nerve cells, it always has its normal effect. On this point, Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, of Battle Creek Sanitarium, in his book, "Tobaccosim" has an illuminating paragraph. "Most smokers," he says, "doubtless entertain the idea that tolerance means immunity; that is, when no unpleasant effects are felt, no harm is being done. It is true that there are poisons to which the body may be by training made immune. Such are snake venoms, some poisons produced by bacteria, and various organic poisons. The body may be gradually trained to make antidotes for these poisons, and thus render them inert and harmless; but it was proved by Gy, a French physiologist, that nicotine does not belong to this class. After some use of the drug the body ceases to remonstrate by acute and distressing symptoms, but the mischievous effects continue, steadily, insidiously, destroying the fine machinery of the body, until the heart, blood vessels, liver, kidney and other vital organs are so badly damaged that the vital functions can no longer proceed in a regular and normal fashion and then a medical examination reveals the fact, not that the subject has begun to suffer from nicotine poison, but that his body has been ruined by it. Every cell of the body, every tissue and every fibre, has been damaged. The vital reserve has been exhausted, the defenses of the body have been broken down and the living machine is irreparably injured. It may be possible to patch it up sufficiently to keep it going for a few years, but a large share of its working capacity, its efficiency, has been used up in carrying unnatural and unnecessary burdens and cannot be replaced..." The Facts About Another Common Delusion Another delusion about smoking that some men seem to have is that, whatever harm may result from smoking is due, not to the nicotine, but to other poisons-in particular, carbon monoxide generated in the combustion. Now it is true that carbon monoxide is generated in the combustion of tobacco-of any vegetable matter, in fact. CO -as it is called chemically-has an exceptional affinity for the blood. But according to Dr. Nixon, "Tobacco smoke reaches the mouth freely diluted with air and the amount of CO absorbed is negligible, so that pipe and cigarette smokers who do not inhale have little to fear from this poison." CO can be detected in the air of streets heavily infested with traffic; the blood of traffic policemen is frequently shown to have a certain amount of saturation. The United States Bureau of Mines, in a series of experiments, found that in a close room, after intensive smoking, the CO concentration in the air was not more than one-one-hundredths of one per cent. While, therefore, carbon monoxide absorption from smoking occurs-and in the case of inhalers may be very harmful -its effects upon smokers cannot be compared with those that arise from nicotine-absorption. "The effects of cigar and pipe smoking," summarizes Dr. Dixon, "are due practically entirely (italics ours) to nicotine." With few exceptions, we believe, the world of medicine now agrees with this statement. The Climax of the Trial And now comes the most astonishing revelation of all- to the layman. Lady Nicotine has been haled before the bar, with a jury deeply predisposed in her favor. (I myself was, for a long time.) This unimpeachable testimony has been presented against her. Her ways are insidious. The evils she has wrought, and still wreaks upon the bodies of men and women, are mountainous. What has she to say for herself? Well, you-as an average man-will rise up promptly, and speak for her. "The indictment no doubt is all true, every word of it! Moreover, it is nothing new. We men have known it for a long time-not in such detail, perhaps, nor on such authority, but at least in general. But the lady has never appeared under false colors. She is bad for us-but think of the infinite enjoyment and pleasure she has given men. That is her defense-and mine, for sticking by her. The game is worth the candle, the pleasure of consorting with Lady Nicotine is worth all the cost!" This sounds like a sensible defence. It is, without question, the philosophy of most men as regards smoking. And it would be a defence worthy of consideration, were it now that it is based upon complete ignorance of the actual truth. For here is a startling fact that no one man in a thousand thousand realizes: THE NICOTINE IN TOBACCO DOES NOT ADD ONE WHIT TO THE PLEASURE AND ENJOYMENT OF SMOKING! The Lady is Unmasked! The fact is that nicotine represents but a small part of the total ingredients in the tobacco leaf. The wonderful aroma of the cigar, the delicious fragrance that you enjoy so much, the cloud of smoke circling up around you, all the delights that you associate with smoking-none of it is due to the poisonous nicotine that is present! This seems incredible, does it not? It runs counter to all that you have previously believed. Is it true? If you will look up any first-class encyclopedia, or any standard chemistry book, or inquire of any authority or any laboratory, you will find, to your astonishment, that for years it has been known to be true. The statement is put with complete finality in an Encyclopedia Brittanica that I have before me (9th edition, Vol. 23, page 425.) It says: "THE NICOTINE DETERMINES THE STRENGTH OF THE TOBACCO, BUT NOT ITS FLAVOR OR AROMA." The mask of Lady Nicotine is off! In other words, all the talk about the pleasures of nicotine-for which we smokers have been willing to pay so dearly-is complete and unadulterated bunk! The poison is responsible for all the major evils of smoking, and gives absolutely nothing in the way of pleasure, in return. It is the other ingredients in the tobacco leaf-the vegetable oils-which give the fragrance we love so much, the distinctive flavor, and the resulting deep pleasure and satisfaction, which we all get from smoking. The nicotine present is 100% useless so far as adding to our pleasure is concerned, and exactly 100% injurious! What Can the Smoker Do? After reading these facts about nicotine, there is only one conclusion that any man, in his senses, can come to: Either give up smoking entirely; or Smoke cigars, cigarettes, or tobacco from which this poison (which doesn't contribute anything to smoking enjoyment) is largely eliminated. In giving this advice (in spite of the fact that it seems the inevitable conclusion of common sense) I am well aware that it may be considered interested advice, to say the least. As I stated before, I am not a physician but a tobacco distributor. For the last few years, I have been devoted entirely to the promotion of cigars, cigarettes and tobacco, from which the bulk of the nicotine has been removed. Because of this fact, no doubt, by some readers I may be suspected of having overdrawn the picture as to the injuriousness of nicotine. It is for that reason, in the foregoing material, there is not a single statement included for which there is not the weightiest authority. It is for that reason also that I deliberately understated (rather than overstated) the facts about nicotine. All I can say about this perfecly natural suspicion is that if you read any book on the tobacco habit (such a book, for instance, as Dr. Kellogg's "Tobaccosim") you will find the data about nicotine-poisoning a great deal more alarming than I have pictured it here. You will see pictures of organs affected that will make your flesh creep. I defy any man or woman to read such a book, and continue thereafter to smoke the ordinary cigar, cigarette or tobacco. Not that these medical reports and books are "scary"; they are, in fact, usually written for the enlightenment of physicians, not laymen. But the facts these authorities present are so overwhelming, as to the insidious and widespread injuriousness of nicotine upon the body, that the immediate reaction of every sensible person, upon reading them, is: "I quit, from this moment on!" Common Sense My own point of view about this whole matter of smoking is simple, and I think sensible. Smoking is harmful,-there can be no question as to that fact. Its really serious effects arise from nicotine, but even with the nicotine removed smoking is by no means beneficial to the system. If, therefore, you don't get any real pleasure out of smoking-quit! That is my frank advice. Why smoke under those circumstances? If, however, like myself, you do derive great enjoyment from smoking; if the habit is a long established and a pleasant one; if you find it disagreeable even to think of stopping- then clearly the only rational thing to do (since nicotine does not contribute one iota to your enjoyment) is to smoke tobacco products from which this injurious and needless poison is largely eliminated. If this isn't common sense, what is? What Happens When Nicotine is Extracted From Tobacco? Something very interesting happens, contrary to what the layman would expect. The average man and woman, under the influence of tobacco, would say that the tobacco leaf must become uninteresting and unsmokable-about as pleasurable as smoking rope or dry hay. The scientist, on the other hand, would say that logically the smoke should be improved. The scientist is right; it is improved. The only noticeable difference is one of increased mildness, and this is exactly what the scientist would expect. Since the nicotine in the tobacco leaf has nothing to do, either with the flavor or the aroma of the leaf, but only with its strength, the obvious effect, which it is extracted, is to make the tobacco milder and therefore more pleasurable. It burns in exactly the same way, the combustion, in fact, is somewhat better; and as to the flavor and fragrance, they are precisely the same as before! I have tried the following experiment hundreds of times, and men and women who smoke my cigars and cigarettes likewise try it on their friends, always with the same effect: I hand a man one of my cigars, asking him for his opinion, but without telling him that it has been denicotinized. He puffs away at it carefully and then always delivers the same verdict: "Fine! It's so mild! What kind of tobacco is it?" And when I tell him it's 98% the best Havana, a tobacco that most men find heavy and strong, he can't believe it possible -until I explain that it has been denicotinized. How It is Done -- The Story of Another Triumph in Science Experiments in nicotine-extraction have been going on for decades. Long ago chemists learned how to do it, but not (until recently) how to do it without completely spoiling our smokes. At first they chemicals. The solvents successfully affected those precious vegetable oils, which alone are responsible for all the enjoyment we have in smoking. Numberless methods were tried to avoid this clearly undesired result. The most patient research was conducted, year after year, by many experimenters. Finally, the elusive problem was solved; and, like so many of the world's important discoveries, the way (now that it has been found) seems absurdly simple. The denicotinization takes place in the leaf. Fresh tobacco leaves-the finest Havana and Sumatra, in the case of Carl Henry Cigars-are placed in immense tanks, and subjected to a careful vacuum treatment. This vacuum causes the closed pores of the tobacco leaf to open, and admit of easier nicotine extraction. When the pores in the leaf are opened, a charge of live steam is forced through the tank-steam at exactly the proper degree of temperature! This very quickly eliminates the bulk of the nicotine. In other words, the secret (so long hidden) lay in a vacuum treatment, combined with the discovery of the proper temperature-a discovery only made after the most patient experiment-at which the nicotine would be extracted, but without effect upon the precious vegetable oils. At 1° different temperatures those oils, too, would begin to be affected! The denicotinized leaves are made up into cigars, or cigarettes or pipe tobacco, as if nothing had happened. And nothing in fact has happened,-to the appearance, taste, or aroma, of the tobacco. The only way, actually, to discover, from the finished product, that the poison nicotine has been extracted, is by analysis in a chemical laboratory which would show (in the case of Carl Henry Cigars) that the bulk of the original nicotine content has been eliminated. Have An Analysis Made Yourself Just because there is not the slightest difference apparent to the eye in my cigars, cigarettes and tobacco, many people at first question whether the bulk of nicotine is removed. They can't believe it. They can't rid themselves easily of the old delusion that nicotine makes the tobacco, gives it its color, taste and aroma, whereas in fact it is a completely unnecessary and wholly harmful ingredient. I welcome an analysis of any of my products by anyone who cares to submit them to a responsible chemical laboratory. In the meantime, the following report from one of the most reliable testing laboratories in the United States, will assure readers that the bulk of the nicotine is removed from my products. Office and Laboratory of: STILLWELL AND GLADDING 80 West Street, New York, N. Y. Analysis No. 267102. May 28, 1928. Report of Analysis: Carl Henry, Inc. 327 West 36th St. New York, N. Y. The Carl Henry cigars submitted to you on the 25th inst. were analyzed for nicotine content, and the analysis indicated that the average amount of nicotine found to be present was: 71/00 of one per cent (Signed) STILLWELL & GLADDING Is There "Something Wrong Somewhere"? I know perfectly well what the reaction of many men (and women) will be to the foregoing information. And it will be a natural reaction. "If all this is true, why aren't your cigars and cigarettes and tobacco sweeping the country? If your products are what you say they are, and nicotine is what the doctors say it is, there ought to be millions of people already smoking your products." And, because this isn't yet the fact, they will think there is "something wrong somewhere." To the thinking person, the answer is abvious. It takes a long time to correct human error. Truth makes its way - but slowly. The belief in the harmlessness of nicotine, and the idea that without nicotine tobacco would be unsmokable, is so deep-rooted that it is not easy to convince men and women that these ideas are completely unfounded, - on a par, in fact, with the old belief that the earth was flat. More, a large part of the money available for the production of these denicotinized products has had to be spent at first, necessarily, in perfecting their process, and not upon advertising. Another fact - for the seeming public disregard of this achievement - is that my cigars and cigarettes and tobacco have had to be sold entirely by mail, direct to the consumer. Who Smokes These Denicotinized Cigars and Cigarettes? Don't get the idea, however, that this is anything new or untried. Few people know - but it is so! - that thousands of people already smoke denicotinized cigars, cigarettes and tobacco regularly, and these smokers include some of the most distinguished individuals in the United States. The list of users would read like a Who's Who, in every line of business, in every kind of endeavor. They are men and women, who could afford to smoke anything, but they have been completely convinced (by their own personal experience) of the remarkable merit of these products, and they would not now consider smoking anything else. I have made it a policy, from the beginning, not to publish the list of those who smoke these cigars or cigarettes. Most of them are not the kind of people who seek cheap advertisement, and would naturally resent having their names used for commercial purposes. Nevertheless, to anyone legitimately interested, a list of users of these cigars and cigarettes is on file for inspection. All I can say, in a book like this, is that they include the leaders of the country, men and women, in every department of activity. Governors, senators, congressmen, judges of the highest courts, state and city officials by the hundred, now smoke these denicotinized cigars, cigarettes or tobacco. Some of the leading financiers and industrial figures of the world (not only in this country, but abroad); bankers, prominent business men, leading women in society, stars of the stage and screen, leading women in society, stars of the stage and screen, leading sportsmen, authors (men and women) whose names are known from coast to coast--regularly have their quota of cigars, cigarettes or tobacco sent to them. Particularly significant, too, is the fact that some of the most prominent physicians in the country not only use these products themselves, but recommend them regularly to their patients. I mention these facts merely to indicate that when you smoke Carl Henry Cigars or Cigarettes, or Pipe Tobacco-- you will not be trying something upon yourself that is still "experimental." It is a well-established product and its use is growing steadily and naturally every day. How to Learn the Truth After all, however, what other people smoke is no criterion of your own taste. You are you! You have your own likes and dislikes. You cannot help but be impressed by the facts that I have recited, and yet (without doubt) there is a lingering suspicion in you that they may not be true--the remains of your old faith in Lady Nicotine. (I know, because I believed in her as much as any man--and it took a long time for the truth to percolate.) As to the harmful effects of nicotine, you probably agree. You may, indeed, have known about them already. But is it true--can it possibly be true? -- that, with the bulk of nicotine extracted, nothing happens so far as the flavor and fragrance of smoking is concerned? Can it be possible that, for years you have been doping your system with nicotine -needlessly! Well, there is a very simple and conclusive test that you can make, to learn whether or not this fact is true. Try it yourself, and see! Try it, at my expense! My Offer-Smoke Twenty Cigars or Cigarettes Free On the next pages you will find described the different cigars and cigarettes that I offer my patrons. Choose any box of cigars; send for it; don't send any money. I will send you the box gladly. Smoke twenty of them! If you are not then completely convinced that what I have said about their quality is true; if you do not agree that in every respect, they are as pleasurable as any fine cigar you have ever smoked-send the remaining cigars back to me, and you will not owe me one cent. The same offer holds with my cigarettes and pipe tobacco. Smoke twenty cigarettes, or four ounces of the tobacco, and judge; then pay only if you keep what you have ordered. Can a fairer or more open offer than this be made? In conclusion, I want to summarize a few facts. Nicotine is really a deadly poison. Only an insignificant amount is absorbed by you each time you smoke, but its effects are slow, insidious and far-reaching. And-most important of all- this gradual poisoning is NEEDLESS. The nicotine does not contribute (no matter what you now think) one iota to your enjoyment. Why, then take it into your system? It is all harm, and of no use. This is what I want to prove to you. I hope you will be of open mind, and will at least make the common-sense test I have suggested above. Smoke, if you must-but smoke with a peaceful mind knowing that the enjoyment you are having is not associated with nicotine-poisoning! CIGARS ARE SHOWN IN THE EXACT SIZE CARL HENRY CORONA- box of fifty, $10.50 postage prepaid. These are made of very carefully selected Havana filler and binder, and the finest imported Sumatra wrapper. A royal smoke. CARL HENRY QUEENS- box of fifty, $9.00 postage prepaid. Made of full Havana filler and binder, finest variety, and finest imported Sumatra wrapper. CARL HENRY PERFECTO- box of fifty, $7.50 postage prepaid. Also made of very finest selected Havana filler and binder, and finest imported Sumatra wrapper. CARL HENRY DELICIOSA- box of fifty, $6.50 postage prepaid. A shape most men like, made of best Havana filler and binder, and best imported Sumatra wrapper. CARL HENRY PANATELLA- box if fifty, $5.50 postage prepaid. A blended cigar, chiefly the best Havana filler and Havana binder, and best imported Sumatra wrapper. CARL HENRY DE LUXE CIGARETTES An extremely popular, high-class cigarette, an exceptionally successful blend of the finest imported Turkish with a slight admixture of the best domestic. Packed in boxes of twenty, which can be carried in pocket or handbag. Shipped five boxes to the carton. Price per 100, $2.50, postage prepaid. CARL HENRY STANDARD CIGARETTES For those who prefer less expensive cigarettes. These are made of the best domestic tobacco, with a slight blend of Turkish. Come in package of twenty, easily carried in pocket or handbag; shipped ten boxes to the carton. Price per 200, $2.75, postage prepaid. CARL HENRY SMOKING TOBACCO This is a delightfully cool and smooth blend of the best Turkish and Virginia leaves - with most of the nicotine extracted before the blend is made. Burns beautifully; the mildest pipe tobacco you can smoke! Price, in one pound cans, $3.00. CARL HENRY PURITANS Made of an all imported filler and genuine imported Sumatra wrapper. Price per box 50, $4.00. CARL HENRY CIGARROS Made of choicest Havana filler and imported Sumatra wrapper; in fact, of the identical tobacco used in my Deliciosa cigar. Measures about 4 in. - made to fit a man's pocket. Packed 10 in a box. Price per 100, $5.00, postage prepaid. CARL HENRY SPECIAL FIVES Best Havana filler and imported Sumatra wrapper; mild, fragrant, flavorsome. Packed 5 in a box, 100 to a carton. Measures about 5 in. Price per carton of 100, $5.00. Send no money with order. See order blank on other side! DEMONSTRATION ORDER Smoke Twenty Cigars or Cigarettes, or 1/4 lb. of Tobacco, at my Risk! CARL HENRY, Inc. 354 Fourth Ave. New York, N.Y. Please send me, under your demonstration offer: (Specify below what you want.) Coronas, box of fifty, $10.50 Special Fives, box of 100, $5.00 Queen, box of fifty, $9.00 Cigarros, box of 100, $5.00 Perfectos, box of fifty, $7.50 De Luxe Cigarettes, 100 to Deliciosas, box of fifty, $6.50 carton, (Turkish) $2.50 per 100 Panatellas, box of fifty, $5.50 Standard Cigarettes, 200 to Puritanas, box of fifty, $4.00 carton, $2.75 per 200 1 lb. Can Smoking Tobacco, $3.00 It is understood that I am to be allowed to smoke twenty of the cigars or cigarettes, or (if tobacco is ordered above) 1/4 pound of tobacco. Within ten days after receipt, I will either return the unsmoked portion of my order, at your expense, or send payment in full for what I have ordered above. Name........................................................................ Address.................................................................. City............................................................................ State....................................................................... Business Connection..............................................What Capacity...................................................... Postage Will Be Paid By Carl Henry Inc. No Postage Stamp Necessary If mailed in the United States BUSINESS REPLY ENVELOPE FIRST CLASS PERMIT No. 1705, Sec. 510, P. L. & R. NEW YORK, N. Y. CARL HENRY, INCORPORATED 354 FOURTH AVENUE NEW YORK, N. Y. The Committee of Ten in charge of the Providence W. C. T. U. apportionment of One Thousand Dollars for the Million Dollar Drive of the Nation, feel that no work was nearer the heart of our president, Mrs. Thos. L. Hadley. We therefore, greatly desire to raise and pay over our Thousand Dollar Pledge, on or before Christmas 1919, as a token of our loyal devotion to her. May it be a precious Christmas gift to our Union in her memory. Your pledge is $............................................ Paid $1............................................................................ Signature of Treasurer Mary L. Breckenridge Thank you You asked for a few thoughts from me as to the value of the message of the Bible to the youth of this land. I will try in a few sentences to frame my ideas. The Bible is today more indispensable to youth than at any other time in the history of this nation. It brings a message of faith in God that we need now as never before. It brings a message of hope ; the youth of this generation need hope if they are to hold their own in the bitter struggle of these recent years. It brings a message of peace at a time when Occidental civilization is in danger of doom through war. It exhorts us to pray in a way like unto that of the old prophets. It shows us the path of right doing, where so many are sinning grievously in the sight of their Maker. It promises us rest from the woes of this world. Last, but not least, it preaches a message of salvation from destruction and promise of life eternal through the Son of God, Jesus Christ our Saviour. August 25, 1930. Our dear Friends : We are dealing honestly with the public and we are dealing honestly with you. We are not making a "loud noise" in an effort to promote our cause. Conservative reports which have been mailed to you monthly, bespeak the value of the services rendered by this League. Our credit is good, but we must not take advantage of this. We pay as we go, and when we can't pay, we do not go! August, September and October, from a financial standpoint, are the most difficult months of the year, therefore, receipts of the unpaid annual contribution to this vitally needed work at this time, will help meet an appealing need. If any one will send an additional gift for "1930", every cent will be used judiciously. Expenses of the good work already accomplished have been paid. This is a going organization and this appeal is for money with which to finance the work in hand and that we may take advantage of the golden opportunity as offered. Dear friends, this is your work. You have helped materially, in developing it to its present status of efficiency. Its influence is being felt throughout the country. This is evidence by the drastic resolution just passed by the educators of the United States. May there be no letting down at this time, but may we continue to press honestly, steadily and positively toward the mark! With your help, we will. Thanking you heartily for your kind letters, suggestions and gifts of money, and hoping we hear from you soon, we are, Most sincerely and gratefully yours, For - Alice Hyatt Mather Alice Hyatt Mather Executive Secretary, Boys and Girls Anti-Cigarette League, 58 West Washington Street, Chicago, Illinois. Telephone: State 7676 P. S. The alarming increase in the use of "Hashish" places an additional burden on this organization. (See page 4, Col. 1, of enclosure). A.H.M. President-- Treasurer--GEORGE M. ELWORTH PETER A. MORTENSON Assistant Vice President, Formerly Superintendent of Greenebaum Sons Investment Schools, Chicago Company, Chicago Executive Secretary-- MRS. ALICE HYATT MATHER Welfare Worker, Chautauqua Lecturer Office of the League Auditor--Jonathan B. Cool & Company, Chicago BOYS AND GIRLS ANTI-CIGARETTE LEAGUE Room 611, 58 West Washington Street Telephone State 7676 CHICAGO June 2, 1930 Mrs. J. W. Algeo, Runstick Point, Barrington, R. I. My dear Mrs. Algeo: We have engaged a booth at the National Education Association Convention, Columbus, Ohio, June 28 -July 3, 1930, for exhibition of our scientific literature, posters and demonstration of the liquid poisons in cigarette fumes. Thousands of delegates from all parts of the United States will be in attendance, including superintendents of schools, principals and teachers - an opportunity we cannot afford to miss. Our "Square Deal Club" exhibit sponsored by the Chicago Council of Medical Women at the Health and Educational Exposition at the Coliseum, Chicago, last month was an outstanding success. We are told that we gave the most important and valuable exhibit at the Exposition. We are also invited to give an exhibit at the National Conference of the Church of the Brethern this month in Pennsylvania. This is an opportunity to reach thousands of already interested people and grip their cooperation and help. The fact that the medical women of Chicago are now sponsoring our work gives us needed prestige and of course, greater power. The National Education Association convention and this conference will cost us about $150.00. Won't you please give $5, $10, $25, $50, or any other amount to help make this important work possible? Hoping to hear soon, I am Sincerely and gratefully yours, Per Alice Hyatt Mather Alice Hyatt Mather Execute Secretary [*June 21 30*] OFFICERS President- PETER A. MORTENSON Formerly Superintendent of Schools, Chicago Treasurer- GEORGE M. ELWORTH Assistant Vice-President, Greenebaum Sons Investment Company, Chicago Executive Secretary- ALICE HYATT MATHER Welfare Worker; Chautauqua Lecturer Office of the League VICE-PRESIDENTS Wm. L. Bodine Superintendent of Compulsory Education, Chicago Chas. E. Coleman Merchant Banker, Chicago Dr. Howard Agnew Johnston Immanuel Presbyterian Church, Milwaukee, Wis. John Timothy Stone Fourth Presbyterian Church, Chicago Bertha Van Hoosen, M. D. Professor and Head of Obstetrics, Loyola University Medical College, Chicago ADVISORY COUNCIL Glen D. Adams Boys' Workers Assn., Chicago. Henry F. Arneman Veneers & Panels, Chicago F. W. Arnesen John Anderson Publishing Co., Chicago Hon. Victor P. Arnold Judge, Juvenile Court, Chicago Miss Mary D. Bailey President, Chicago Woman's Bar Association, Chicago M. C. Bolt Walden Typesetting Company, Chicago A. Esther Camfield Teacher, Public Schools, Chicago B. A. Camfield, M. D. Chicago C. E. Delaporte Director Physical Education, Chicago George W. Dixon President National Methodist Episcopal Church Laymen's Association Rev. S. B. Edmondson Methodist Episcopal Church, Park Ridge, Ill. F. F. Ehlers, M. D., D. D. S. Oak Park, Ill. Arthur Burrage Farwell President, Chicago Law & Order League; Hyde Park Protective Association, Chicago Hon. Guy Guernsey Alderman, Chicago Mrs. David MacLean Treas., Ill. Fed. Women's Clubs Steve C. Sumner Rec. Secy. and Bus. Agent, Milk Wagon Drivers Union of Chicago Dr. Frederick F. Shannon Central Church, Chicago Mrs. J. L. Trunck Club Woman, Chicago Miss. E. C. Waddell, R. N. Superintendent, Frances E. Willard National Temperance Hospital, Chicago Maude H. Winnett, M. D. Member of Faculty, Rush Medical College, Chicago Lorraine Elizabeth Wooster Formerly State Supt. of Schools of Kansas Mrs. Edward L. Wickwire General Charities, Chicago COUNSEL Thos. E. D. Bradley Attorney-at-Law Elmer D. Brothers Attorney-at-Law Robert C. Hardy Attorney-at-Law LECTURERS Mrs. Elizabeth M. DeBoer (See Directors) Alice Hyatt Mather Office of the League OBJECT To safeguard the health and morals of the boy and girl from the use of cigarettes and tobacco in every form; to carry on an educational campaign as to the evil effects of cigarettes and tobacco on the growing child; to aid with advice and cigarette treatment prescription, those who ask for help in overcoming the cigarette habit; to work for the enforcement of existing laws and ordinances, and for the enactment of such new legislation as is needed to prevent the sale to and use of tobacco in any form by minors, and to enlist in these efforts all educational, civic, moral reform, religious and social service organizations as co-operating agencies. DIRECTORS Arthur G. Taylor, Chairman President Executives' Training Association, Chicago Mrs. Frank L. Bellows Ex-President League Cook County Women's Clubs Mrs. Elizabeth M. DeBoer Chairman Civil Service Committee Hermosa Women's Club; Lecturer, Chicago George M. Elworth Chicago A. N. Marquis Founder and Editor, "Who's Who in America" George S. Marsh Assistant Treasurer, Martin-Senour Co., Chicago Alice Hyatt Mather Chicago Peter A. Mortensen Chicago Wm. T. Smith Superintendent of Sunday School, St. James Methodist Episcopal Church; Department Manager, Marshall Field & Company, Chicago Theodore Hawkins Hawkins & Loomis Company, Chicago W. W. Hallam President, Illinois Vigilance Assn.; Member Chicago Vice Commission R. F. Hinman, M. D. Chicago Mrs. C. L. Holtzman Past President, Woman's Dept., Chicago Church Federation Dr. Edwin Holt Hughes Bishop, Methodist Episcopal Church, Chicago Alonzo C. Mather President, Mather Stock Car Company, Chicago Dr. D. P. MacMillan Director, Bureau of Child Study, Dept. of Education, Chicago Mrs. Catharine Waugh McCulloch Attorney-at-Law, Chicago John H. McGuirk West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co., Chicago Charles S. Roberts First National Bank, Chicago Helga M. Ruud, M. D. Obstetrician, Norwegian-American Hospital; Medical Women's Council Philip L. Seman General Director, Jewish Peoples Institute, Chicago Edward W. Mills Chautauqua Lecturer, Chicago, Ill. Mrs. Lucille W. Downey Instructor in Schools, Chicago REPRESENTATIVES Wm. J. Campbell Sugar Valley, Ga. Dr. Sarah B. Detwiler Supt. Travellers' Aid Dept., Canadian National W. C. T. U., Kitchener, Ont. James L. Jefferies, M. D. Spartanburg, S. C. E. L. Koenig Pacific Palisades, Calif. Rev. O. R. Miller, A. M. Supt. National Civic League, Albany, N. Y. CHICAGO CO-OPERATING AGENCES Boy Scouts of America Bureau of Compulsory Education Camp Roosevelt Boys' Workers Association Chicago Boys' Club Chicago Fed. of Settlements Chicago Hebrew Institute Department of Education Lower North Com. Council Juvenile Protective Assn. Salvation Army BOYS AND GIRLS ANTI-CIGARETTE LEAGUE, INC. 58-60 West Washington Street, CHICAGO May 29, 1934. Mrs. J. W. Algeo Stick Point Barrington R. I. Dear Friend: We have the negatives of about 230 pictures on the cigarette which are to be organized into film- slide stereopticon lectures of 50 or 60 slides each. They will visualize the truth about the cigarette and in a way that will leave a lasting impression on the young mind. (See enclosure.) We hope to arrange tomorrow for exhibit space at the World's Fair. This is an out-standing opportunity, as you can readily understand. We are sorely in need of stereopticon projectors-- glass slide and film-slide projectors for our use. We need money--not a great deal, but our need is immediate! The enclosure tells a true and awful story. Teachers, ministers and social leaders are impatiently waiting for us to fill their orders for our film-slide stereopticon lecture. Won't you please help at once by sending $5, $10, $25, $50 or any other amount? Hope to hear soon, Sincerely, Alice Hyatt Mather, Executive Secretary. WARNING - DISEASE IS MUCH WORSE THAN PICTURES SMOKING A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR IN PRODUCING THROMBO_ANGIITIS OBLITERANS (Organic obstruction of circulation in extremities) Pictures Showing Three Stages of Disease One of 300 Cases Treated by Saul S. Samuels, M.D., New York During the Past Eight Years Fig. 1 (case 1). - Massive gangrene of right foot. Fig. 2 (case 1). - Gangrenous portion after sloughing. Fig. 3 (case 1). - Appearance of feet after healing of ulcer. HISTORY OF CASE 1. PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL, AMERICAN MEDICAL ASS'N., February 10, 1934 "Case 1.- E. M., a man age 43, Jewish, born in America, was originally observed by me in 1928, at which time he complained of intermittent claudication and coldness of the right lower extremity. The diagnosis of thrombo-angiitis obliterans was made, and the patient was advised to stop smoking and to take intravenous injections of hypertonic sodium chloride solution. The patient, however, did not cooperate. He continued to smoke excessively and neglected treatment entirely. Two years later he appeared with massive gangrene of the right foot (fig. 1). *** Amputation of the leg was advised at one hospital as the only means of relief. The patient fled in terror and took to his bed at home. At this point I took charge of the case and instituted the following course of treatment: "Rest in bed, cessation of smoking, intravenous saline injections and wet dressings of chloramine solution to the feet. In a short time a line of demarcation was established and within five months the gangrenous portion had separated spontaneously (fig. 2) leaving a clean granulating ulcer. After a few weeks the ulcer healed (fig. 3) and the patient resumed his work as fireman in a boiler house.. **** "The clinical effects of smoking are demonstrable in all states of thrombo- angiitis olbliterans. In cases without ulceration of gangrene, persistent smoking produces progressive intensification of symptoms. Walking becomes increasingly painful and difficult. The toes and feet become colder, even in warm weather. Crops of migrating phlebitis appear with greater frequency. Ulceration or gangrene usually ends the picture in these cases in which smoking is persistent, and thus the time-worn mistaken idea is created that the disease is progressive and hopeless. *** NOTE: The above findings are in accord with those of Samuel Silbert, M.D., New York, as reported in the A.M.A Journal, October 12, 1929: "The relatively wide experience (289 patients) with the treatment of thrombo-angiitis obliterans has convinced me that smoking is the most important contributing factor in producing the disease, and that cessation of smoking is an essential therapeutic measure." THE BOYS AND GIRLS ANTI-CIGARETTE LEAGUE 58 West Washington Street Chicago, Illinois THE TRUTH ABOUT THE CIGARETTE (Stereopticon Lecture) 160 slides HISTORY Tobacco native of America - Indians smoked in religious ceremonies and when smoking "Pipe of peace". Rise (1558) and fall (1776) of use of tobacco in Europe; King James 1, in opposing it said: "A custom loathsome to the eye; hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, dangerous to the lungs xxxxx"; poisonous nature of tobacco. (Slides 1-17) THE CIGARETTE Invented 1832. During Syrian Campaign. French Soldiers put tobacco in paper tubes used for priming cannons with powder, and smoked them - called them cigarettes - French for little cigar. Cigarette was introduced in U.S. in 1878. HOW POPULARIZED (a) In 1918 War Department, upon urge of tobacco companies (not by act of United States Congress) tobacco was made part of Army Rations, and thus classed with foods - one of the greatest crimes against the race; (b) Vicious advertising; (c) paid testimonials; (d) giving away of cartons of cigarettes to college students, etc. Today, U. S. is greatest producer, consumer and exporter of tobacco. (Slides 17-37) ITS INGREDIENTS Tobacco, paper, glycerine mixed with rum and saltpeter; demonstration of liquid poison in cigarette smoke; smoke is vapor - contains 19 poisons. DANGER FROM INHALATION Diagram, respiratory and circulatory systems; when poisonous gaseous vapor is inhaled, much is absorbed into blood and carried to all parts of the body. (Slides 37-48) Experiments: Tobacco smoke kills rat; smoke from corn silks does not - and other experiments. (Slides 48-61) EFFECTS OF TOBACCO ON HUMAN BODY The blood is the LIFE.' Tobacco destroys red cells- causes white cells to disintegrate; nicotine chief poison, first stimulates and then depresses; irritates nerve cells - reaction on nervous system gives tobacco POWER over human body. (Slides 61-78) HEART, KIDNEY, LIVER, BRAIN Heart a living pump - tobacco strikes at heart - small doses increase blood pressure - large doses lower blood pressure; irregular pulse; liver - damaged liver; kidneys - sudden injury causes acute Brights disease; gradual injury, chronic Brights disease; the brain - healthy an damaged nerve cells; nicotine a nerve poison. (Slides 79-105) THE TOBACCO DEVIL A clever cartoon, showing handicap cigarettes are to growing child - in series. (Slides 105-112) MENTAL AND PHYSICAL EFFICIENCY Dwarfs development - reaction on precision, marksmanship and endurance; smoking and low scholarship. (Slides 112-124) HEREDITY - GREAT MEN WHO DO NOT SMOKE - AWFUL COST - (Slides 125-160) NOTE: The express charges on the film (standard size) will be nominal and the danger of breakage much less than with glass slides. One lecture can be used throughout an entire community and it would be an interesting addition to any local program of public education or entertainment. Won't you please give us your cooperation? Sincerely yours, THE BOYS AND GIRLS ANTI-CIGARETTE LEAGUE, Inc. 58 West Washington Street, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. THE BOYS AND GIRLS ANTI-CIGARETTE LEAGUE 58 West Washington Street, Chicago, Illinois May 11th, 1934 Mr. Will Rogers, Beverly Hills California Most Highly Esteemed Mr. Rogers: "WRITE A LETTER TO WILL ROGERS!" was the advice of a noted surgeon who recently performed a very serious and remarkable operation on me. The Surgeon said that you smoked a cigarette while playing a part in David Harum and that it made you sick. "Write a letter to Will Rogers and send him copies of your fine scientific anti-cigarette literature and I feel sure that he will want to send a contribution to our League to help disseminate the vital truths it contains." This letter and enclosures are my response. It is significant that just yesterday a New York Professor breezed into our office while passing through Chicago on his way to Denver. he had been traveling on a bus and had been made wretchedly sick by the passengers smoking. Instead of enjoying comfort he had endured "Hell" (quoting him) and he wanted the strongest scientific literature on the cigarette obtainable to help justify his stand against such a practice being allowed on motor bus lines. While I was at the hospital a very capable nurse asked for our literature on Buerger's disease. She said that she had recently nursed a once prominent doctor suffering with Buerger's disease. Gangrene had set in and during the operation it was noted that the blood vessels were crystalized with nicotine. This doctor, regarded as a fine man, was an inveterate smoker, she said, and he continued the habit throughout his illness. An embolism set in and he died in spite of the amputation. The enclosed copy of quotations from the Journal American Medical Association (permission of Editor) gives detailed information about this terrible Buerger's disease Thrombo-Angiitis Obliterans. x x x We would hardly dare give these vital facts to non-professionals without carrying with it this hope for a cure and were it not for the alarming need of warning the uninformed against this danger which may result from the continued use of tobacco. You will note by the enclosed mimeographed sheet "The Truth About the Cigarette" that we have a 160 picture film slide stereoptican lecture about ready to be released to educators, the clergy, lecturers and other community and welfare workers, orders from some of whom are awaiting attention. We have incorporated in this lecture a definite warning against Thrombo-Angiitis Obliterans. The negatives are about complete, also copy of printed lecture. In three weeks' time reproduction can be made at a very low cost and thus make possible widespread dissemination. We must, however, receive needed funds to pay the final cost. In spite of the financial depression, our League (organized not for profit) is constantly meeting the daily appealing demands from many parts of the country. Our pay-as-we-go system has save the life of this vitally needed work. Mr. Rogers, won't you please read the enclosures and give us your cooperation and financial help at this crucial time? With best wishes, and hoping to hear soon, we are Sincerely yours, Rehoboth, Dec. 29, 1934 Dear Mrs. Algeo, I am sending you this clipping from the Boston "Record", thinking you might use it in a lecture. During Prohibition, even some of my own friends said, "The boys and girls drink because they are told they must not drink, for that is human nature, you know", Well, what is this? Is this human nature too? Were those councillors in the liquor business? Perhaps they had no daughters. With Regards to you and Mr. Algeo. Please excuse my writing. Sincerely. Lucy A. Albro Summer St. Rehoboth. Mass. [*Saturday Dec. 24 '35*] 4 SAYS DANCE HALL RUIN FOR GIRLS Girls of 15 drink and smoke in Peabody and other dance halls, Chief of Police Edward F. Pierce of Peabody charged yesterday as he declared he would call a meeting of mothers and march on City Hall unless the politicians cease obstructing his plans to clean up dance halls. Thursday night Pierce appeared before the City Council with the draft of a new dance hall ordinance, containing a clause that no girl under 18 could enter a pubic dance hall, night club or resort where liquor was sold unless she was properly chaperoned. The new ordinance was turned down and two of the city councillors termed it "ridiculous." Pierce, returning to the attack yesterday, declared: "You wouldn't think it was ridiculous if you saw the reports of my police officers telling how little girls of from 15 to 17 drink, smoke cigarettes and go out into the back fields from the dance halls. "If young girls were kept out unless chaperoned, these things wouldn't happen." "Every time there's a dance, some girl under 18 takes her first drink." Chief Pierce VOTE FOR SARA M. ALGEO....X REPRESENTATIVE TO CONGRESS. First District ...PLATFORM... An Independent Dry, if elected, I promise: 1. As a Republican, to support the policies of President Hoover in National Economy business, and world relations. They are sound and should be continued. 2. As R. I. Chairman of the National Woman's Party, To work for equal rights before the law for men and women. 3. As member of the Women's Christian Temperance Union, To strive to the extent of my power to hold, observe, and enforce the 18th Amendment, the Volstead Act and all other laws pertaining to the abolishment of the liquor traffic. SARA M. ALGEO. P.S. What are you doing to keep Congress dry and prevent repeal or modification of the 18th Amendment and Volstead Law? S.M.A. FOR SENATOR [[IMAGE]] SARA M. ALEGO MY PLATFORM "A SQUARE DEAL" ROOM 719 53 W. JACKSON BLVD. CHICAGO, ILL. [post mark] 38 CHICAGO FED 16 630 PM 1940 ILL. Mrs. J. W. Algeo Rumstick Point Barrington, Rhode Island Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.