NAWSA Subject File Anti-Suffrage Literature [*from A.B. Curtis*] ANTI-SUFFRAGE NOTES No. 166 AMERICA'S FOES ARE THE FOES OF DEMOCRACY The "People's Council" of which the leaders are prominent Suffragists, has affiliated with the I. W. W. and is demanding the impeachment of President Wilson and the overthrow of our government. The I. W. W.'s., Socialists and Pacifists are working from the Atlantic to the Pacific to bring defeat to the United States in its righteous war for world liberty and the rights of small nations. The I. W. W., Socialist and Pacifist movements are closely allied with the Suffrage movement. Their leaders all ardent advocates of Woman Suffrage because they know that woman's vote gives them added power. The I. W. W. favor Woman Suffrage because they say it strengthens their class war. The fact that they are stronger in Suffrage states than anywhere else in the country shows this to be true. Do you want to strengthen the political power of the forces of disloyalty and sedition working throughout our country? Socialists, Pacifists and Suffragists are doing in America what they did in Russia--betraying the cause of democracy while chanting its watchwords. "The consequence of their acts is treason." The worst governed, most lawless cities in the United States today are the cities where women vote. Seattle, East St. Louis, Chicago--no male suffrage city can compare with them. The Seattle Post-Intelligencer of August 17 says: "After a whole day of 'revolutionizing' in a labor temple hall, in which scores of rabid I. W. W.'s prophesied and demanded the impeachment of President Wilson and the 'overthrow of the government,' the Wednesday night open-air session at Sixth avenue and Marion street, which attracted a street audience of 4000, developed a riot when two policemen arrested Kate Sadler, I. W. W. for anathemizing the President as a 'traitor.' The two officers secured their prisoner and were nearly a block away before the mob became aware of the arrest. Instantly about 250 enraged men pursued the policemen demanding the instant release of the woman. The policemen complied without any show of resistance. They explained they had not arrested the woman but had taken her out of the crowd to have a talk with her. The mob escorted her back to the platform amid cheers and ribald jeers. Several I. W. W. openly scoffed at the police. At each meeting the speakers denounced the selective draft. Mrs. Alice Parks [of the Peace Ship], who made conscription her special subject, denounced the draft law as brutal tyranny and demanded its recall. Young men were advised to resist the law by every means within their power. 'You had better go to jail in America than to hell in France' was the popular argument. "Masks were thrown aside at each of the three public sessions of the 'People's Council' alias the 'Eighth American Conference for Democracy and Terms of Peace,' and the leaders of the movement, headed by Elizabeth Freeman [English militant trained under Mrs. Pankhurst] and Mrs. Alice Parks of Palo Alto, Cal., joined with the I. W. W., proclaimed the I. W. W. propaganda for the impeachment of President Woodrow Wilson and the overthrow of the government, 'duplicating the establishment of Democracy in Russia,' and adopted WITHOUT A DISSENTING VOTE, resolutions favoring this program. Many incendiary speeches were delivered. Apparently emboldened by the popularity of her radical denunciation of the government, Miss Freeman, leading spirit at each meeting, whose style of oratory closely resembles that of Emma Goldman, closed her second speech with personal denunciation of President Wilson, declaring 'the time for his impeachment has arrived, and that she knew a group of congressmen who were ready for the proceedings." The Seattle Post-Intelligencer of Aug. 19, says: "Reds" of Seattle, including the leaders in the anarchistic demonstrations of Wednesday and the police-defying riot on Wednesday night planned to join their "compatriots" today in a picnic and "talk fest" near Everett in honor of Elizabeth Freeman of New York and Alice Parks, of California, organizers of the "People's Council" which they claim is the DEFINITE RESULT OF THE FORD PEACE PARTY'S WORK." Mrs. Catt, president of the International Suffrage association, brought to this country early in the war, the secretary of that association, the so-called "Frau" Rosika Schwimmer, an unmarried Austrian feminist. "Frau" Schwimmer campaigned for suffrage in Ohio, speaking in a saloon in Columbus; she helped organize the Woman's Peace party, and originated the peace ship enterprise, which she persuaded Mr. Henry Ford to Finance. Will Mrs. Catt tell us why this lady on her return to America the following season had changed her name to "Madame" Rosika Schwimmer? And will she also tell us why Mr. Ford, who financed the peace ship, refused on "Madame" Schwimmer's next visit to allow her to enter his house or office, and declined to receive either letters or telegrams from her? The country has a right to some light on these points, when Mrs. Catt and the other suffragists who brought "Frau" Schwimmer to this country and assisted her in starting the peace party are demanding woman suffrage as a "war measure." Is it a war measure for the benefit of Germany or the United States? Professor Emily Balch, of Wellesley college, Mrs. Alice Parks, of California, and Louis Lochner, of Wisconsin, are leaders in the People's Council, which is demanding the recall of the draft and the impeachment of the President. They were prominent members of the peace ship party, trained under Frau Schwimmer. An article of exceptional interest to anti-suffragists at this time is "The Woman as a War Spy" in the August issue of the Ladies' Home Journal. The writer says: "Many American women have been used as tools in the present war. Women of spotless reputations gave of their names and their reputations in pacifist movements financed by a foreign power to keep this country in a state of unpreparedness. The charge was made, but they did not believe it. It has since been proved in court, with penitentiary convictions. The Lamar trial brought this out, and it was Gomper, not Ford or Bryan, who saw the hideous features of war behind the mask of peace. It was Gompers who warned the United States to have nothing to do with such spurious propaganda. All this came out at the trial: but what did NOT come out in the trial was that the way was prepared for the propaganda by one of the most astute women who ever crossed the threshold of International affairs. When the peace ship reached Europe and two or three of the really big men on that ship realized that they were puppets on the end of a wire being manipulated from Berlin, they suffered an instantaneous conversion to preparedness that all the argument under the sun could not have effected. Run over in your mind the big men who went across on that ship as fighting militant, swash-buckling pacifists and came back mum on pacifism, but shouting at the tops of their voices for Uncle Sam to get ready, and you will realize what the dainty hand of one woman was attempting to do." AMERICA'S FOES BIG AND LITTLE By Scott C. Bone LOCHNER, Louis Paul, born Spring-field, Ill., 1887; descended on his mother's side, from the house of Von Haugwitz; graduate of University of Wisconsin, 1909; director Madison Mannerchor, 1913-1914; busy propagrandist of American peace from the moment Germany invaded Belgium; Henry Ford's personal representative on the Ford peace mission to Europe. At the national capital, under the dome of the great temple crowned by the Goddess of Liberty, he presides over the deliberations of the People's Council of America for Democracy and Peace which demands the repeal of the draft law and voices threats to impeach Woodrow Wilson! People's Council of America for Democracy and Peace. Shades of liberty! Why not call it by its right name and deal with it accordingly? Pro-German Council of Sedition for Kultur and Autocracy. There is the name to inscribe upon its un-American banner until furled in the dust.--(Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Aug. 11, 1917). When Frau Schwimmer, backed by Mrs. Catt, Jane Addams, Emily Balch and other prominent American suffragists, and also by Berlin, started the Peace ship, Louis Lochner was one of the most prominent men who trod the deck. The Woman's Peace party (suffragists) worked to keep us totally unprepared for the war we are now waging, it opposed enlistment, it opposed conscription, it is fighting the draft. Its organ, called "Four Lights," has been debarred from the mails on account of its seditious character. Its poison has spread and spread. Pacifist societies are springing up over night all over the country. They have many names, such as "Anti-militarist League," "American Conference on Democracy and Universal Peace," "People's Council for Democracy and Peace," etc., etc, but their aims are similar to obstruct the draft sow distrust of the government, attempt to force the President to make a new declaration of our war aims every few days, evidently hoping thereby to cause a break between us and our Allies. PROMINENT SUFFRAGISTS ARE LEADERS IN ALL THESE SOCIETIES, which are playing straight into the hands of our nation's enemies. It is becoming clearer every day that the Pacifists, Socialists and Suffragists are all part of the same movement--a movement which weakens government, corrupts society and threatens the very existence of our great experiment in Democracy. The People's Council of America most appropriately uses yellow paper for its correspondence. Among the leading members of the "American Union Against Militarism" are Lilian D. Wald and Crystal Eastman, prominent New York suffragists. "Miss" Eastman is credited with having pledged 50,000 boys never to fight for their country. It should not be forgotten that the majority of these people who are so bitterly opposed to fighting for their country are perfectly willing to fight for socialism. Many of them openly preach revolution. SUFFRAGE ADVOCATE TO SPEAK BEFORE COUNCIL Under direction of the People's Council for Democracy and Peace, a meeting will be held at 2.30 o'clock tomorrow afternoon in the auditorium of the Pacific building, when Mrs. Mary Ware Dennet, corresponding secretary for the National Suffrage Association, will be the principal speaker.--San Francisco Call & Post, July 16. SUFFRAGE CHIEF QUITS Mrs. George B. Twitchell, of 845 Dayton street, has resigned as chairman of the Ohio Woman's Suffrage association in the Second Congressional district to devote more time to the work of the People's Council for Peace and Democracy.--Cincinnati (Ohio) Post, July 27, 1917. 2 ANTI-SUFFRAGE NOTES --- No. 166 TRAITORS ALL (From the New York World) Treason masquerades through the country in a dozen different forms. Some of it is disguised as Sinn Fein propaganda, some as Socialist, some as I. W. W., some as pacifist; but all of it is essentially German. All of its champions are doing the Kaiser's work. Their treasonable demonstrations are conducted in public meetings, in newspapers, in circulars and in a general campaign against the war policies of the United States. ___________________________ San Francisco, Aug. 8.-----Daniel O'Connell, an attorney, was arrested here late today on a federal warrant charging resistance to the draft law. The warrant was served while he was addressing a meeting of the "American Conference for Democracy and Terms of Peace." Many of the 200 persons at the meeting hissed the officer who made the arrest. Mrs. Alice Park, who was a member of the Ford peace party. Thomas Gray and others also denounced in brief addresses, the arrest of O'Connell. O'Connell is an active member of the "People's Council of America," a pacifist organization, under whose auspices the "conference for democracy' is being held.-----Rocky Mt. News, Aug. 9. ______________________________ "The Masses," Max Eastman's Socialist magazine, is again in trouble. It has been debarred from the mails because of its disloyal and seditious attitude toward the draft. This is the magazine which Mrs. Whitehouse, President of the New York Suffrage Association, says is the best friend the suffragists have. Floyd Dell, an assistant editor, is so incensed over America's participation in the war that he threatens revolution in this country. The "Four Lights" issued by the Woman's Peace Party has been debarred from the mails for the same reason. _________________________ "Socialist and pro-German pacifist orators yesterday had a field day of anti-Americanism at Riverview park. Many of those in the crowd conversed in the German language. Among the speakers was Max Eastman, author of "Understanding Germany." ------Chicago Tribune, Aug. 20. ________________________ SAID PRESIDENT SHOULD BE HANGED Adolph Deutsch, a youthful soap-box orator, was arrested yesterday after he had asserted in a harangue at Madison avenue and Twenty-third street, that President Wilson should be hanged for his part in the war. Deutsch, who was arrested two weeks ago at the same corner for obstructing traffic, illustrated his speech by pointing out pictures in The Masses, laying particular stress on a picture of women being shot from a cannon's mouth.-----(New York Times, Aug. 21). _________________________ Practically every person in the United States who is preaching disloyalty and sedition is a suffragist. ________________ Socialest are everywhere preaching resistance to the draft and doing their utmost to arouse bitter class feeling, especially among women, toward the conduct of the war. They are sending agitators to speak in Russian, Hebrew, Yiddish, Finnish, Hungarian, etc., to foreign women in our cities, urging them to work for woman suffrage, and telling them that with the vote THEY CAN PREVENT THEIR SONS FROM BEING CONSCRIPTED. Socialist in Oklahoma have declared that they would shoot their officers in the back if they were conscripted. Socialism in almost every country is working for a German victory in this war-----and in every country which has granted woman suffrage Socialism has been enormously strengthened. __________________ OPPOSED BY SOCIALIST In entering upon the exemption phase of the draft, the administration faces the most difficult part of the process. The Socialist party is preparing to oppose the draft. It will contest the constitutionality of the law and will seek to prevent its members from being conscripted to military service. --------Chicago Tribune, July 21. The People's Council of America in sending out its propaganda sometimes hits people who hit back. John Spargo, the reformed Socialist, answered their appeal as follows: In the name of democracy you are promoting the interest of autocracy. In the name of peace and anti-militarism you are doing all that lies in your power to strengthen the most brutal militarism the world has ever known; and in the name of internationalism you would betray the freedom of all nations to ruthless German despotism. Your advocacy of Democratic causes is the camouflage which hides your real purpose. You are doing in America what Lenine and his followers have done in Russia with such disastrous results----betraying the cause of democracy while chanting its watchwords. Prof. Ellery C. Stowell of Columbia, answered : "I would cut off my right hand before I would sign myself a member of your organization. The consequences of your acts are treason." ____________________ The following quotations from the New York Call show clearly the close affiliation of the Socialist-suffragist-pacifist movements, and the sort of agitation now being carried on to inflame ignorant foreign women against our government. The New York Call (Socialist) said on June 29: "That fine organization of pacifist suffragists, the Woman's Peace party, has done and is doing splendid educational work, not only among women, but also among men. By means of its weekly meetings, at which the burning issues of the day are discussed from a broad, humanitarian, international standpoint, and by means of that original, fearless little publication, Four Lights, it is reaching thousands of person heretofore indifferent with its message of a higher civilization. To the tireless secretary of the Woman's Peace party. Mrs. Margaret Lane and her associates belongs the credit of having rendered lasting service to the cause of peace. The New, great body of American peace lovers, the People's Council of America, which was the outcome of the first American Conference for Democracy and Peace and which comprises all civic, political and religious bodies in the country that are working against militarism and for an early and lasting peace, again has enlisted the support of great numbers of women from all ranks of life. The earnest appeal for financial support sent out by the People's council is signed by women only and bears the following well-known names: Vida Milholland, Elsie Borg Goldsmith, Emily G. Balch, Rebecca Shelly, Gertrude B. Kelly, May Wright Sewall, Fola La Follette, Margaret Lane, Mary Ware Dennett and Vera Hilquitt. The Socialist women who are engaged in the work for peace, both with the People's Council of America and under the auspices of their own party organizations, are too numerous to mention. VIRTUALLY EVERY ACTIVE SOCIALIST WOMAN IS AN ACTIVE PACIFIST." She is also a suffragist. _______________________ SOCIALIST SUFFRAGE NEWS At least one meeting a day for suffrage and Socialism in Greater New York is the present object of the Socialist suffrage campaign committee. During the past month about five meetings have been held weekly and all were reported successful. Kate Dobronyi, secretary of the committee, is daily receiving requests for Socialist suffrage speakers. She says that the number of meetings held could be rapidly increased if more speakers were available. Won't you men and women comrades, who have the cause of Socialism at heart and who wish to speed the coming of democracy for women: you who have some experience as propagandists and open-air speakers in English, Jewish, Russian, Hungarian, Finnish, etc.: won't you come forward to help the S. S. C. C. in its campaign? We need you all, and we need you now. Please communicate without delay with Mrs. Kate Dobronyi, secretary Socialist suffrage campaign committee, 140 East 19th street, New York. ----New York Call, July 27. ______________ Such speakers have been obtained, and many suffrage-socialist speeches in foreign languages are being given. "You mothers of the starving babies, if ever your place was in the political arena, now is the time. Fight the enemies of your children by means of their own weapon: political power. Make it clear by resolutions, by mass meetings, by monster demonstrations that you are absolutely opposed to the expenditure of millions for purposes of murder and destruction. Demand instead a wise expenditure of public funds to supply your children with the necessities of life Give your unfailing support to your party, the Socialist party. A Socialist victory will be your victory. It will be the salvation of your children." -----New York Call, Aug. 6. _______________ The Socialist suffrage campaign committee is entering upon the new campaign with renewed vigor and enthusiasm and with the knowledge that present day events are lending added strength to their arguments. "Give mothers votes that they may have a weapon to protect their little children against starvation and their grown-up sons against being murdered in capitalistic wars." That will be one of the up-to-date Socialist suffrage arguments in its appeal to the working class woman."-----New York Call. ______________________ "At a recent mass meeting of housewives Jacob Panken said: 'Your sons may yet be saved if you will see to it that there is an immense increase in the Socialist vote next fall." To this we have but one thing to add: See to it, O women, that you yourselves may vote, and then help to vote out of existence this damnable system that crushes your children's lives and your own!"-----New York Call, June 20. __________________ "Comrade Theresa S Malkiel continues to hold successful Sociales suffrage meetings in big and small towns throughout the state. Her meetings are especially well attended in the industrial centers, where an awakening working class seems eager for the Socialist message. ‘Our time has come. Let us strike the iron while it is hot.' This is Comrade Malkiel's exhortation to all Socialist agitators." -----New York Call, August 6, 1917. ___________________ "But let the powers that be take heed! The working-class woman's suffering is too great to be borne in meek submissiveness. It has opened her eyes, it has aroused her social understanding, it has spurred her to rebellion. Thousands upon thousands of heretofore patient or indifferent women are demanding political equality in unmistakable tones, and when they obtain it they will not use it to perpetuate their misery. They will use it to vote forever out of existence the system which has brought about the present unspeakable situation."----New York Call, July 20, 1917. _______________________ Mrs. Adele Seltzer, acting for the Socialist suffrage campaign committee, has sent out the following call for speakers: "Never before has there been a time so opportune for Socialist propaganda among women. The Socialist suffrage campaign committee is seizing this moment, when women are so aroused by the high cost of living and war and the conscription of their sons and their labor, to agitate in both indoor and outdoor meetings. "It is desired and planned by the Socialist suffrage campaign committee to hold more and more meetings, especially nightly out-of-door meetings, until next election. "Besides money, speakers are needed---- speakers in Yiddish, English and Russian. Women willing and able to speak in any of these languages are urged most earnestly to send in their names to the Socialist suffrage campaign committee, at the Rand school, 140 East 19th street."----New York Call, July 9. __________________ The National Woman's party, which is conducting the picket campaign in Washington. has received the following message of sympathy and good will from the Socialists of Massachusetts: 'The Socialist party of Massachusetts, in convention assembled, congratulates you on your stand for democracy at home. We agree with democracy at home. We agree with you that until the women of United States are given the ballot we cannot claim to be a real democracy. May you gather strength. Fraternal greetings. "CHARLES E. FENNER, "Chairman. "Leo Mellzer, "Secretary" ----New York Call, July 11. _________________ Alice Stone Blackwell, president of the Massachusetts Suffrage Association, is a Socialist, as are nearly all the leaders of the suffrage movement in every country. _____________ The following letter has been sent by Mr. Delbert Haff of the Kansas City bar to Secretary McAddo: "You can have no idea, unless you are circulating through the country of the damage that is being done and of the persistent undermining of the administration and the national conscience which is being accomplished by the pro-German propagandists, the pacifists, the radical Socialist, the I. W. W. anarchists, the "conscientious objectors." and lastly, the hypocrites, cowards, and traitors generally in our citizenship. Their work is persistent, their backbiting ceaseless, and their propaganda is being conducted by every known means, with an effort to create dissension, distrust and disloyalty. They are taking advantage of the present enforcement of the selective conscription law and of the general prejudice, particularly of the women to the drafting of their husbands, brothers, and sons. They are insinuating that we are waging a war for the benefit of European nations: that our nation has no real interest in this war; that it is a political war; that the people are opposed to war; that peace could easily be negotiated if one government would make the effort. They are inciting national prejudice. In fact, there is no means which the traitors, aided by the foolish and unthinking, are not employing to retard the progress of our preparations and to embarrass the administation in its efforts effectually to prosecute this war, upon which the future existence of this nation and of democracy in general absolutely depends."----- (Chicago Tribune, August 16, 1917.) _________________ The I. W. W.'s are so strong in Montana, Idaho, Oregon, Utah, Washington and Nevada----all woman suffrage states -----that the authorities in those states admit that they are unable to maintain order, and are clamoring for Federal troops. It's the same old story with which we are familiar in Colorado, where twice since women have had to vote the state government has proved too weak to maintain order and anarchy has reigned. For nearly a year in 1913-14 the presence of U. S. soldiers was necessary in Colorado to prevent the bloodiest civil war. Troops have been placed in the Coeur d' Aline district in Idaho to preserve order. At Lewiston, Idaho, troops have arrived to take care of the situation. It is announced that 15,000 troops may be called to the four suffrage states of Idaho, Washington, Oregon and Montana. _______________ Federal troops from Fort Wright were called upon to deal with the I. W. W. at Spokane on August 19. National guardsmen were called into service to help arrest six members of the I. W. W. at Long Beach, California on the same day. ________________ Why are the Socialists and I. W. W.'s so much stronger in suffrage states than elsewhere? Partly because their political power has been so strengthened by the votes of their sisters, their cousins and their aunts that politicians have weakly catered to them, permitting lawlessness in exchange for their class vote. Jeannette Rankin, Congresswoman from Montana, where the I. W. W. is strong, intends to run for U. S. Senator next year; she has just come out favoring the I. W. W. At the time of the I. W. W. riots in Seattle and Everett, when many men were killed. Hy Gill, mayor of Seattle, immediately ranged himself on the side of the I. W. W. Gov. Lister, of Washington, has done the same. He refused to sign a legislative at defining criminal syndicalism as "the doctrine which advocates crime sabotage, violence and other unlawful methods of terrorism as a means of accomplishing industrial or ANTI-SUFFRAGE NOTES ---- No. 166 3 political reform," and prescribing punishment therefore, although at the very time it was necessary to keep guards around the executive offices from fear of I. W. W. violence. The governor of woman suffrage California refused to sign a similar bill, while the governor of male suffrage Minnesota had the courage to sign such a bill and it has become law. If you want to strengthen the I. W. W.'s give votes to their woman, who will go regularly to the polls----their bosses will see to that---while women of other classes, upon whom the vote was forced against their will, remain at home on election day. _________________ Several states where women vote are calling on the country to save them by sending our U. S. soldiers, so terribly needed in Europe if Prussian militarism is not to rule the world to act as their police! Will not this outrage open the eyes of Americans to the peril of weakening the electorate by putting government into the hands of women? How is the world to be made safe for a Democracy which is too weak to maintain order and to defend itself? The handwriting on the wall is clear----such a Democracy is doomed, and it is high time this truth was recognized. Nations which put their governments into the hands of those too weak to defend them will be overpowered in the present as they have always been in the past. Democracy holds what Democracy defends, and in time of crisis the defense requires vigilance and effort.---(New Republic, July 14, 1917.) ____________________ The I. W. W.'s in the suffrage states are burning forests and causing strikes in lumber camps in order to hamper our government in ship-building. They are stopping the output of the copper mines because without copper we cannot make ammunition. They have already dealt a mighty blow against our effective conduct of the war by cutting off almost 50 per cent of the copper production of the country. This seriously cripples not only our own army by the armies of our allies---just what the I. W. W. wants to do. Norman Carmichael, general manager of the Arizona Copper company, and Charles H. Moyer, president of the International Union of Mill, Mine and Smelter Workers, unite in declaring that the strikes of I. W. W. workers in the copper mines over the country are part of a nation-wide plot to cripple the copper industry of the country and to ruin the United States. The I. W. W.'s are burning flour mills and threatening to burn the crops in the fields in order that we may have no food for starving Belgium, for France and England. Bill Haywood, leader of the I. W. W.'s says there will not be a worker in the fields of North Dakota at harvest time who does not carry in his pocket the red card of membership in the I. W. W.----therefore the crops will be at their mercy. At the elections last fall the socialists gained entire control of the government of North Dakota. The first act of the socialist legislature and governor was to pass a woman suffrage bill! ______________ That woman suffrage is essential to the success of socialism is admitted by every Socialist leader. The "New York Call," a Socialist organ, says: "The fight for woman suffrage is bound to be an exceptionally hard one, but it is a fight that must be won, and on none does the responsibility for success fall more heavily than upon the Socialists." The National Woman Suffrage association is distributing Socialist literature and employing Socialist speakers, and socialism is rampant in every state and country where women have the ballot. _____________________ Mayor Gill, of Seattle, was elected under woman suffrage is spite of a black record during his first term. As mayor he is head of the police force. The corruption of the Seattle police under his administration is notorious, and is largely responsible for the growth of lawlessness, culminating in frequent I. W. W. outrages in that city, when the police stand calmly by when murderous attacks are made upon citizens. The Seattle Post-Intelligencer of July 20th printed the following: To the Editor : Our city charter gives the mayor power to assume complete command of the police department. This authority he has in any emergency. We have had trouble with our police department all the time that Mayor Gill has been in office with the exception of the short time that Mr. Griffith was chief of police, and it seems to me that it is high time for Mr. Gill to realize that Seattle has stood about as long as it can bear the intolerable conditions forced upon it from time to time. Almost an anarchistic feeling seems to prevail among certain of our people due largely to the action, or rather the inactivity, of Mayor Gill. It is certainly no credit to the city to see our police force stand by while our laws are being violated and while anarchy almost reigns in our midst. It is in the early stages of a condition of this sort when law and order must be enforced; otherwise serious trouble can be looked for. Murders and robberies are being committed and our police department seems to be helpless. On several occasions during the last few days I have noticed police officers holding themselves aloof and making no effort when men were being assaulted on our down-town streets. I saw a cowardly ruffian almost knock a special police officer off of a Well-Fargo truck, hitting him in the back as a coward only could do, and as a mob attempted to do violence a police officer stood by and made no effort to put a stop to the violence or to bring the offender before the court. This is no time to play politics, but the time when stern justice should be meted out to all alike. The mayor should play no favorites and see that our laws are strictly enforced and see that we are protected in our constitutional rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. If the mayor will not enforce our laws and the chief of police, who acts under orders from the mayor, does not do so, then the duty devloves upon our city council to act, and act immediately. HERBERT W. MEYERS _______________________ "I sincerely hope," says Senator Miles Poindexter, importuned from many quarters to urge governmental relief, "that it will not be disclosed that the great state of Washington is unable to protect itself from a gang of outlaws and pirates." Is not that sorry fact already being scandalously disclosed? ______________________ In the November elections of 1914 when woman suffrage was defeated by big majorities in Ohio, Missouri, Nebraska, North and South Dakota, it won in Nevada, largely through I. W. W. and Socialist votes. The New York Call (Socialist organ) printed the following dispatch: "Reno, Nev., Nov. 5----Woman sufrage has carried Nevada by fully 1500. The victory is due to the United Socialist vote, which went solidly for suffrage. The Socialists campaigned steadily and effectively for suffrage and to them goes the credit for its victory." _______________________ The first woman elected to the California legislature was a Socialist. The New York Call said: "The election of a Socialist woman to a legislature certainly seems to work a new era in the political life of the nation. It seems the indisputable sign that the cruel winter of capitalism is nearly over and that the warm spring of Socialism is not far behind." In Montana, too, the Socialists and I. W. W.'s were largely respossible for the majority vote for woman suffrage in 1914. It is therefore not surprising that the woman Congressman from Montana, Miss Rankin, has arrayed herself on the side of the I. W. W. 's. __________________ The New York Call (Socialist) is naturally delighted with Miss Rankin's advocacy of the I. W. W.'s. It says. 'We were proud of Jeannette Rankin when, in a single, memorable sentence, she opposed war. We are prouder of her today when she opposes the oppressors of the people. Her forceful, fearless speech in the House her demand upon the government that it take immediate action, and her proposed solution, the government ownership of the copper mines, represent an epoch-making event in American history. Our only regret is that Jeannette Rankin is not yet one of ours. We say "yet" advisedly, for we firmly believe that Miss Rankin's clear intellect, her warm, human sympathies and her experiences as a representative of the people will inevitably lead her to Socialism." ________________________ AS MONTANA SEES MISS RANKIN (From the Helena, Mont., Independent, which did not oppose Miss Rankin's election.) Congresswoman Jeannette Rankin blames John D. Ryan, president of the Anaconda Copper Company, for all labor trouble and I. W. W. outrages in Butte. All the Independent need say as to the false ideas which this girl is giving people of the United States with regard to Montana, is that the wives of the Butte miners know she is not speaking the truth ; the wives of Montana farmers who now see what crops have been produced, standing in the field because men will not work: the wives of industrious, law abiding members of labor unions throughout the state, know Jeannette Rankin is not telling the truth. If Mr. Ryan is to blame for the I. W. W. activities in Butte, Miss Rankin must blame the Montana, North Dakota and South Dakota farmers for the trouble they have had with this lawless organization of idlers of whose cause Miss Rankin is now the champion in the House of Representatives. Miss Rankin announces through the Missourian that she will be a candidate for the United States Senate next year on a "labor platform." The line-up will then be: I. W. W. Organizations Miss Rankin Radical Union Labor Theoretical Mothers Slackers and Traitors Pacifists VERSUS Montana Farmers Montana Mining Interests Montana Lumber Industries Montana Business Legitimate Labor Unions Real Mothers of Montana Now Miss Rankin cannot disown the constituents she has chosen. She is going to come out to Montana next year as a candidate for the United States Senate. She will hope to win by attacking John D. Ryan and his many big and commendable enterprises; her campaign will be to create prejudice against the men who employ other men for wages----and mining companies, the farmers and incorporated ranches, the industrial enterprises and busines institutions of whatever kind, known to people of Miss Ranki's school as the "capitalistic class." Miss Rankin is choosing her constituents for next year's congressional election. Surely by next fall she will be actually carrying a red card in her stocking. Butte decreed the defeat of Gov. Sam V. Stewart because he sent troops into that camp and closed its saloons. The people of the state answered the challenge of the rioters of Silver Bow county. The same elements are now being besought by Miss Rankin to send her to the United States Senate. It's such an awful travesty that it seems absurd to discuss it. But if Butte has decreed the election of this girl because she votes against war and champions the cause of the I. W. W., the people of the state of Montana will again answer the challenge of the lawless element of Silver Bow county. _________________________ (From the Buffalo Express) Next to the picketing of the White House, which is still obstinately continued despite its ruinous effect on the suffrage cause, nothing has tended more to raise doubts regarding the wisdom of further enfranchising women in the present critical state of world democracy than the course of the first woman member of Congress, Miss Rankin of Montana, who has now added to previous examples of wrong thinking the championship of the I. W. W. At the close of Miss Rankin's speech, a representative from Washington asked her the following question, which she left unanswered: "I would like to ask the lady if she knows if these members of the I. W. W., who were responsible for the assassination of the governor of Idaho some years ago, who threatened to assassinate the governor of Utah and who threatened numerous other prominent officials with assassination and death and who themselves declared they owe no allegiance to the United States or to any other country, have any right to squeal when citizens of this country hang one of them occasionally?" It was hardly to be expected that any official of the Government would wish to pass such a challenge in silence. _____________________ While the press is now condemning mob law as exemplified at Butte, and Miss Jeannette Rankin, representative in Congress, raises her tearful voice in palliation of the I. W. W. offending, the Chicago Tribune, in an editorial entitled "A Taste of Their Own Medicine," void of crocodile tears, thus truthfully sums up the case: "When men of this variety, who take cover behind a law and a respect for the law which they are trying to destroy, are handled illegally they can hardly expect sympathy. "We have had too much of vague sentimentality and fuddled reasoning. The right of free speech does not cover license. It does not protect the man who sows ideas of murder and devastation abroad and is sworn to tear down the structure upon which all human progress is built, the structure of law and order "The people of the United States are having in Russia today a demonstration of the ruin which can be worked by dogmatic fanatics." _______________________ Elihu Root says Russian traitors and the I. W. W.'s are in the same class. The socialists-pacifists-suffragists having wrought destruction in Russia, are now trying to do the same in the U. S. They are the foes of Democracy. WHERE WOMEN VOTE The East St. Louis riots were more malignant than anything that has happened in the state for ten years. They questioned the humanity and the civilization of the state and the stability of American nature. They made the state seem as if it were inhabited by savages more primitive than the red men our colonists found.------Chicago Tribune. ____________________ Another "Juvenile Crime Wave" in Chicago. These "waves" occur with such frequency in that ill-governed city that they are almost continuous. _____________________ Chicago has broken even her own appalling record for lawlessness by having five murders in one day recently. ______________ On Sunday (July 22) a group of newspaper men made a tour of certain saloons in the environs of Chicago. The Chicago Tribune of July 23 tells what they saw: "They saw girls, 17 and 18 years old, plodding through rain and mud, their shoes, stockings, and skirts wet and dirty, to get to these places. Visiting perhaps 25 saloons or parks, where liquor was sold on Sunday in defiance of the law, they found women drinking in probably half of them. "In some automatic pianos were tin-panning away, while in others there were professional piano players. Women and men in some places went to upstairs rooms and liquor was carried up to them. The places are close to decent suburban homes. "Twenty women crowded around a bar set up back of a saloon in a "grove." Around the grove was a high board fence. A little girl was peeping through a crack, entranced at the sight. Other children played inside the inclosure. "Some of the women drank out of small glasses, hard liquor, while others drank beer. Some were on the border of boisterousness. On a good day there is a steady stream of drunkenness and hoodlums going through peaceful Oak Park. "They travel on street cars, the elevated, taxis, motor cars, and 30 or 40 4 ANTI-SUFFRAGE NOTES ----- No. 166 sometimes on a single truck. At 'Otto's,' for instance, less than a block across the Oak Park line in Washington boulevard, where women and men were served liquor yesterday, business was so brisk that a man was kept outside to watch the parking of cars. This is a regular Sunday condition." _____________________ "The county board yesterday took up another batch of requests for saloon licenses. A delegation of saloon men from Palos, Worth, and other outlying places gatnered. "Valentine Spuck was found to lack signers. He was told, 'The board has given you notice several times that you must get more names or you can't have a license.' " 'I don't know any more," said Mr. Spuck, with a shrug of his shoulders. " 'Women can sign,' said a board member. " 'Women!' exclaimed Valentine, and a broad grin overspread his face, as a new light dawned." -----Chicago Tribune, August 14. _________________________ CHICAGO'S HUMILIATION __________________________ A Citizen's Bitter Comment on Her Executive, and New York's _______________________ To the Editor of The New York Times, Aug. 20: Looking, as we do, with admiration not untinged with envy, upon the dignity and etuciency with which Mr. Mitchel has administered the affairs of New York, we are doubly ashamed of the opinion which the world at large must entertain of us, as a community capable of having intrusted its highest office to the keeping of W. H. Thompson. The historian, Macmaster, says that there have been and still are in every state, "select companies of incorrigible fools." Our playful habit in Chicago at present is to choose the juiciest specimen of our "select company" and make him mayor----on the principle that a mayor should be an authority on mare's-nests. HORACE J. BRIDGES Chicago, Aug. 11, 1917. ____________________ Alice Stone Blackwell, in the face of Chicago's disgrace, reiterates that the women didn't want Thompson for Mayor. This seems an admission that although they have the vote they are powerless politically. The truth is that the majority of women in Chicago, as everywhere else, refuse to go into politics, while the type of woman who favors Mayor Thompson or Bath House John, is sure to be at the polls. __________________ THE MERCENARIES No antisuffragist would have ventured to impute to seekers after suffrage an attitude so ignoble as the women themselves proclaim. From suffrage headquarters the rallying-cry, "Pass the suffrage amendment now, now, now!" is reinforced by the reason why. "It is a war measure. Its passage will release for war work the undivided energies of the largest and best organized group of women in America." In other words, suffragist will do war work ONLY IF BRIBED BY THE CONCESSION THEY ARE CLAMORING FOR. Their patriotism has its price. Their love of country has a string tied to it. Their concern for the nation is conditioned on their being indulged in the particular sweetmeat they have been crying for. Out upon such bargain hunters! Fortunately there still live women more disinterested than the ones who aim to drive a sharp bargain with their imperilled country. The majority do not share the determination of a few to wrest this privilege from their country in her hour of need. There is valid reason for pride in being numbered among the antis, who, with one accord, have done or are doing for their country whatever their hands find to do, asking no reward but a sense of duty done. This attitude of the suffragists, their outrageous bully-ragging of the President of the United States, to the point of rousing general animosity among citizens of Washington, furnishes a good reason why loyal-hearted women prefer to belong to that division of their sex which has shown itself less self-seeking. They want to line up with the unalterably loyal rather then with the faction who have to paid to back up their convictions. Women who rank suffrage above loyalty, above patriotism, are recreant not to their sex alone but to humanity. Partisanship has blinded them till they have lost all sense of relative values. No one can really cheapen women but women themselves. ----- Milwaukee Free Press. ____________________ According to published reports Cincinnati suffragists have declared that they will not help the Red Cross or register for food conservation until they are granted the vote. These women have put the "pay" into patriotism. They would sell woman's service for woman suffrage. ______________________ One of the blessings of this righteous war is the disclosure of the unfit. It brings weaklings from cover. It classifies mankind. It exposes the skulkers and the shirkers. It locates those deficient in patriotism. It puts the brand upon them. THE POLITICAL WOMAN San Francisco, Aug. 10. -----Sweeping investigation into charges of perjury committed in filing selective draft exemption claims was launched here today by United States secret service operatives, coincident with the arrest of three more persons on charges of conspiring to obstruct the draft, and the indictment by the federal grand jury of one man on charges of evading service. The investigation grew out of a meeting of women in a downtown hotel recently, OSTENSIBLY A GATHERING OF A WOMAN'S DEMOCRATIC LEAGUE, an alleged movement to obtain exemptions by false affidavits for their husbands and sons.----Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Aug. 11, 1917. ________________ Under the plans now contemplated for the increase in suffrage in Great Britain, women will hold the balance of power, as there will be 12,000,00 women voters against 10,000,00 men. This will mean an enormous strengthening of the pacifist and socialist vote, and is Germany's first victory in her "next" war. _______________________ Women of Finland, according to Jus Suffragii, have taken their part in the reorganization of the government of that country since the Russian revolution. As an immediate result of the revolution the Finnish Parliament was summoned, opening the 11th of April, with the Socialist party in the majority. Many women deputies took their seats.--- New York Call, Aug. 15, 1917. _________________________ "Forty-five per cent of the woman vote in Los Angeles was cast for Harriman, Socialist candidate for mayor of that city."------New York Call. _________________ The Suffragette picketers have been causing almost daily riots in Washington, and six more of them have been sent to the workhouse. ________________ LUCY BURNS' BATTALION OF DEATH That restless egotist, Miss Lucy Burns of the Congressional Union, ought to be supremely happy now. In her "Kaiser Wilson" banner she has found something so unpatriotic and insulting that indignant Americans actually do something about it. Thus there is manufactured a continuous supply of sensational publicity. Lack of this since Miss Burns' ridiculous failure to "defeat Wilson with 4,000,000 women's votes" almost starved and disrupted her autocratic union. Even picketing couldn't revive it. Death from quiet ridicule seemed in sight. Then Miss Burns, being an efficient press agent, bethought herself of the publicity values that lay in insulting the ambassadors of America's allies and the President himself. She is succeeding magnificently in this plan of action. Money and recruits are pouring into her headquarters. All is well with the Congressional Union (if you omit its soul). No munition-maker has capitalized the war more effectively than has Miss Lucy Burns. Yet the sinister fact lies underneath that Miss Lucy Burns’ Congressional Union is killing its ostensible cause. It is the "Battalion of Death" for the cause of woman suffrage in America.----Rocky Mountain News, Aug. 21. ______________________ The Philadelphia Telegraph (suffragist) deprecates the annoyance to the President caused by the picketers and advocates giving the picketers what they want in order to stop it. It says: "If the President can be protected from annoyance by the adoption of an amendment by Congress, it will be a cheap way out. "Certainly! Why not?" The I. W. W. 's are also annoying the President by their seditious activities all over the country. They, too, have a grievance. They want a two-hour day and control of the country's wealth. It is too bad for the President to be annoyed ---the cheap way out is to give them what they want. The German government, too, is annoying the President. It wants an "indemnity" from us of $20,000,000,000 and control of the American continent. It is too bod for the President to be annoyed ---the cheap way out is to give Germany what she wants, as the socialist and pacifists wish to do. Next? ____________________ Poor Mrs. Catt is kept busy, since it has become clear that the pickets are rapidly disgusting the public with their cause, reiterating that she doesn't "approve" of them. As she never disapproved of militancy before, her belated protestations are not very convincing. And while she "disapproves" she admits herself unable to control. If the so-called "conservative suffragists" cannot suppress the pickets who are disgracing their cause, how do they expect us to believe that they would be of any assistance in Government, which is largely an organization to suppress the crimes and follies of incorrigible children grown to adult enemies of the community? The present conditions in suffrage states show the fallacy of such a claim. ___________________ Ida Husted Harper, an officers of the National Suffrage Association, also keeps busy "repudiating" the pickets in letters to the press. But in the very letters written to repudiate them, she breaks into violent denunciations of those people in Washington who interfere with the desire of the pickets to flaunt treasonable banners in the face of the President and the public. Mrs. Harper classes as "anti-suffragists" the soldiers and sailors who decline to stand quietly by while unpatriotic women, demanding "equality" but counting on their sex to protect them perpetrate unlawful acts. Probably these men ARE anti-suffragists----most manly, patriotic men are ; whereas the Russians who recently fled precipitately from the battlefront leaving the woman's regiment to face the enemy alone were undoubtedly believers in woman suffrage, as well as pacifists and socialists. As Everett P. Wheeler has pointed out, a country where women fight and men run away is just the country for woman suffrage; and when women have brought up their sons to be cowards and traitors there is a tragic justice in women being forced to become soldiers to protect themselves from the horrible fate of the girls and women in invaded Belgium and France. The socialist-feminist-pacifist movement seems to be a marvellous breeding place for cowards and traitors. __________________________ Gen: Korniloff telegraphed to Premier Kerensky from the Russian batlefront as follows: "Leaderless soldiers are in full flight from the fields which are not even regular battlefields. There exists endless terror and shame such as never have been known since the creation of the Russian armies." These men are quite willing women should vote. _____________________ To the Editor of the Herald: In your issue of Aug. 8 a certain Stuart Chase is quoted as claiming exemption from the draft on the ground of having a dependent wife and child. Can this be the same Stuart Chase who a year ago or so was preaching on Boston Common the suffragist-feminist doctrine of economic independence for married women? Would a man who expected his wife to support herself in times of peace hide behind her skirts in time of war in order to evade his duty to his country? Is this the type of "new man" which a well known suffrage writer tells us is produced by the feminist movement in America? Mr. Chase gives as a second reason for claiming exemption that he is a "conscientious objector" and "does not believe in killing." He can then take his place on a mine sweeper and save lives. Is he quite sure that what he calls his "conscience" is not merely a desire to stay safe at home and let other men, not the "new" variety, protect him by risking their lives in the defence of our country? JULIA WAINWRIGHT. --Boston Herald, Aug. 15. __________________ Alice Stone Blackwell in the "Woman Citizen" says that all captains of German U-boats are undoubtedly opposed to woman suffrage. Surely Miss Blackwell is mistaken. These men might object to it for their own country, but would rejoice exceedingly to see the Government of England and the U. S. put into the hands of people like Miss Rankin, Lucy Burns, and their followers. Did not Germany finance Mrs. Pankhurst's militant movement in England? Did not the Central Powers kindly allow Frau Schwimmer to come over here to work for woman suffrage and the Woman's Peace Party? Has not Germany financed the peace movement in this country, working hand in hand with leading suffragists like Mr. Bryan, Sen. La Follette, Jane Addams and many others in trying to make it impossible for us to win this war? Why this injustice on Miss Blackwell's part to a friendly ally of woman suffrage in this country? _____________________ NO REASON KNOWN Chicago, Aug. 16.--- Editor of The Tribune: In this morning's issue is a somewhat extended account of a propaganda edited by Miss Jane Addams and others, the whole inference of which appears to be contrary to the effort of the present government in the direction of raising the army and of organizing food control. I should be glad if in answer to this you would print information as to why those who are behind this propaganda are not subject to arrest or some sort of official restraint quite as much as some irresponsible citizen who utters similar sentiments on the sidewalk. NATHANIAL BUTLER, Dean University College, U. of C. ---Chicago Tribune. ________________ PRO-GERMAN PAPER APPLAUDS SUFFRAGISTS The Detroit Abendpost has become enthusiastic over the efforts of the suffragists in Washington to embarrass the government in its conduct of the war. It printed a picture of two of these women carrying the banner inscribed "President Wilson and Envoy Root are deceiving Russia," and said: "Hats off to them, who, undismayed, wave banners until they are driven off. Hats off to them, who bold and brave, shout truth in deception's face." ______________ The Rev. Olympia Bown, veteran suffragist in the West, makes no pretense even of repudiating the picketers. She endorsed them and their activities with enthusiasm before a suffrage audience in Milwaukee recently. __________________________________________ Issued by the Cambridge Anti-Suffrage Association. August 28, 1917. Margaret C. Robinson, Chairman of the Press Committee. For subscription rates, apply to Mrs. George Sheffield, 33 Brewster street, Cambridge, Mass. _____________________ Extra copies of this issue may be obtained at 30 cents per dozen, $2.00 per hundred, or $18.00 per thousand, upon application to Miss M. M. Wells, 687 Boylston St., Boston, Mass. IOWA DEFEATS WOMAN SUFFRAGE BY 10,342 MAJORITY WOMAN SUFFRAGE HAS BEEN DEFEATED For Against Majority State Year Suffrage Suffrage Against Ohio - - - - - 1912 249,420 336,875 87,455 " - - - - - - 1914 335,390 518,295 182,905 Michigan - - - - 1912 247,375 248,135 760 " - - - - 1913 168,738 264,882 96,144 Wisconsin - - - 1912 135,546 227,024 91,478 Nebraska - - - 1914 90,738 100,842 10,104 Missouri - - - - 1914 182,257 322,463 140,206 N. Dakota - - - 1914 40,209 49,348 9,139 S. Dakota - - - 1914 39,605 51,519 11,914 New Jersey - - 1915 133,282 184,390 51,108 New York - - - 1915 553,348 748,332 194,984 Pennsylvania - - 1915 385,348 441,034 55,686 Massachusetts - - 1915 162,615 295,702 133,087 Woman Suffrage is GOING, not coming. Issued by The New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage 35 West 39th Street. New York City [*Ala*] The proposed Amendments to the Federal Constitution, providing for National Woman's Suffrage and National Prohibition, obliterate the Democratic principle of local self-government and constitute a dangerous encroachment upon the sovereignty of the States. Shall the States lose their sovereignty and the people be galled by pernicious measures concocted by scheming zealots and backed by frenzied fanatics? Let Alabamians Write Their Representatives at Once By JOHN H. WALLACE, JR. TYPOGRAPHICAL UNION LABEL MONTGOMERY 2 LET ALABAMIANS WRITE THEIR REPRESENTATIVES AT ONCE (BY JOHN H. WALLACE, JR.) ____________________ A complete obliteration of the Democratic principle of local self-government and a dangerous encroachment upon the sovereignty of the States is designed in two proposed amendments to the Federal Constitution, which are now upon the House calendar, one providing for National Woman's Suffrage, the other for National Prohibition. Such aggression upon the rights of the States to regulate their domestic affairs annihilates the sound and patriotic scheme of government contemplated by the founders of our Republic, and reverts to the Hamiltonian idea of concentration and centralization of power in Washington. The scope of the Federal government is of explicitly stipulated authority and specifically enumerated powers. All powers not expressly delegated to it are reserved to the States. The palpable object of incorporat.ng this wise and steel-fettered provision into the Constitution of the United States was to guarantee to the several States immunity from the operation of objectionable statutes dealing expressly with their internal affairs. * * * * At the time the Constitution was adopted, the Revolutionary patriots held vivid recollections of the despotism of George III, from whom they wrung their independence upon the battle field by the triumph of American arms, and they were eager to ingrain into the organic law of the new-born Republic stipulations safeguarding the rights and liberties of the people, protecting them from assaults of artful demagogues and aggressions born of fanaticism. The Prohibition and Woman's Suffrage Amendment now pending, from the standpoint of violating the principle of State's Rights, are identical. Both seek the deprive the several States of their constitutional rights to regulate the liquor traffic and the privilege of voting in election according to the judgement or patriotism of the citizens of the various States. Should the amendments be submitted by Congress and subsequently ratified, there will thus be forced upon us two radical and far-reaching departures which are hostile, I believe, to the convictions of the people of Alabama. Suffrage is a privilege and not a right. Should a vital need for woman's suffrage arise, the people of Alabama could so revise their Constitution as to permit only white women to vote. Should the National Suffrage Amendment prevail, black women will be enfranchised along with the white women and become their equal at the ballot boxes, hence a terrific menace to the perpetuity of a high order of government in Alabama. * * * * Since the passage of the Webb-Kenyon Act by Congress, the Legislature of Alabama has the power (if not the courage) to enact a statute providing that no alcoholic liquors shall be shipped into Alabama. Certainly ample power is conferred upon the law-making body of Alabama to obliterate alcoholic liquors from the things that are, so far as our great State is concerned, provided that by passing a statute to such effect it can be done. Then why this assault attempted by Congress upon our State's rights? Will Congress permit a small aggressive coterie to dictate the policies of this great country? Will the members of Congress take counsel of their ambitions instead of the welfare of the whole nation? Shall we supinely permit that divine, blood-bought thing called Liberty, to vanish from the realm of reality? Shall the States lose their sovereignty and the people be galled by pernicious measures concocted by scheming zealots and backed by frenzied fanatics? By invoking the doctrine of State's Rights in the past, the people of the South have been saved many heart pangs and much humiliation; shall we now repudiate our shield and protector? The abolition of the Electoral College will be the next move; after that will come a measure to give full force and effect and a literal application of the Fourteenth Amendment, and after that ----------I hesitate to forecast our future so black it is of direful consequences to our peace and liberty-loving people. * * * * The dimmest mental vision must descry upon the political horizon ominous clouds surcharged with danger and calamity should our State's Rights be wiped out by the adoption of a National Prohibition and Woman's Suffrage Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Let us, therefore, resist the submission of these amendments with all the force and power we possess, hence I appeal to every conservative Democrat in Alabama, those who believe in the sacred sovereignty of our State, to communicate immediately with the Representative in Congress from their respective districts, and urge and implore him to resist their submission. These amendments are hostile to the principles of government entertained by Woodrow Wilson, the renowned defender of human rights and personal liberty, and of our junior Senator, Oscar W. Underwood, whose courage, patriotism, fidelity to Democratic principles and loyalty to patriotic ideals of orderly government, have endeared him not only to the hearts of all unbiased Alabamians but have commanded for him the unqualified admiration and respect of all fair-minded people anywhere and everywhere. (From the Montgomery Advertiser, Wednesday, December 20, 1916.) The People's Verdict WOMAN SUFFRAGE DEFEATED AT THE POLLS State Year Majority Against [?] Dakota 1898 3,286 [?] " 1914 11,914 Ohio 1912 87,455 " 1914 182,905 Michigan - Nov., 1912 760 " - Apr., 1913 96,144 Wisconsin 1912 91,478 Nebraska 1914 10,104 Missouri 1914 140,206 [?]. Dakota 1914 9,139 New Jersey 1915 51,108 New York 1915 194,984 Pennsylvania 1915 55,686 Massachusetts 1915 133,447 Iowa 1916 10,341 South Dakota 1916 5,219 West Virginia 1916 98,067 DEFEATED IN THEIR LEGISLATURES Alabama Minnesota Connecticut New Hampshire Delaware N. Carolina Florida Oklahoma Georgia Rhode Island Indiana S. Carolina Kentucky Tennessee Louisiana Texas Maine Vermont Maryland Virginia __________________________________ New Jersey Granted Women the Franchise in 1776, but Withdrew the Right in 1807. ___________________________________ POPULATION IN 1910 United States 91,972,266 States Recently Defeating Woman Suffrage at the Polls 41,685,510 Male Suffrage States 78,144,206 Woman " " 8,198,469 Illinois (partial woman suffrage granted by legislators, not by vote of the people) 5,638,591 Issued by The New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage 280 Madison Avenue, New York City A REPLY TO MRS. WHITEHOUSE STATEMENT MADE BY MISS ALICE HILL CHITTENDEN, PRESIDENT AND MRS. ARTHUR M. DODGE, FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT, OF THE NEW YORK STATE ASSOCIATION OPPOSED TO WOMAN SUFFRAGE. MARCH 8, 1916. Mrs. Norman DeR. Whitehouse, Chairman of the Woman Suffrage Party of New York, declares that anti-suffragists have distorted reports of her support of a revolutionary magazine which recently published an offensive "Ballad." She says that her indorsement of the magazine was signed before the ballad in question was published. That fact is immaterial, as Mrs. Whitehouse's statement, no matter when signed, was not printed until a month after the publication of the verses had excited such wide public indignation that the magazine was taken off many newsstands. Mrs. Whitehouse had a month in which to "kill" her indorsement before it was printed, no matter when it was signed. Her alleged ignorance of this "Ballad" is of no consequence. The statement signed by her said: "In cartoon, in verse, in editorial, in story, the ------ has stood for us all along the line as NO OTHER MAGAZINE IN AMERICA HAS. When we fight for suffrage, for economic independence, for professional opportunities, for scientific sex knowledge, there stands the ------, always understanding, always helping." What was the character and the history of this publication BEFORE Mrs. Whitehouse endorsed it in such glowing words? Its favorite cartoon was the Crucifixion! Subjects like the Last Supper were ridiculed, and Bishops, priests and ministers held up to scorn in practically every issue. Its editorials glorified the sentiment "No Gods, No Masters" for a year before Mrs. Whitehouse signed her approval. It had called the church a "dump" and the home a "hole." It had said that no man was free "until he could tell his job and his boss to go bark at one another" and that he could not do this until he was legally exempted from the support of wife and children! This magazine also runs a book store, listing TWICE as many books under the subject of SEX as under suffrage. One of these books, written by a suffrage leader, and sold by a New York Suffrage Association for two years--and within three weeks--was openly advertised as having been suppressed by Anthony Comstock, and as having been refused advertising space in EVERY NEW YORK NEWSPAPER. Most of the books listed under this heading in the publication contain material unfit to print, and one in particular advocates trial marriage and free love. If Mrs. Whitehouse was ignorant of all these things when she signed her indorsement of the ------ as the foremost representative of the cause of modern women, she must ask us to believe that the suffrage leader of New York will indorse the most radical feminist publication in the country, and will sign a statement calling it's cartoons, verses, stories and editorials the best in America for her cause, without knowing or reading them! 411 NEW YORK STATE ASSOCIATION OPPOSED TO WOMAN SUFFRAGE 37 WEST 39TH STREET ROOM 301 NEW YORK CITY Secretary MRS. M. E. LOOMIS TELEPHONE, BRYANT 7056 Executive Secretary FRANCES BENSON President, MISS ALICE HILL CHITTENDEN Vice-Presidents, MRS. ARTHUR M. DODGE MRS. FRITZ ACHELIS MISS ELEANOR G. HEWITT MRS. GEORGE DOUGLAS MILLER Treasurer, MRS. JOHN A CHURCH Honorary Vice-Presidents, MRS. ELIHU ROOT MRS. RICHARD WATSON GILDER MRS. FRANCIS M. SCOTT Secretary MISS ELIZABETH GALLAUDET Executive Committee THE OFFICES AND MRS. ERNEST R. ADEE MRS. W. ALLEN BARTLETT MRS. FRANCIS S. BANGS MISS ELIZABETH GALLAUDET MRS. ARTHUR W. FRANCIS MISS MARY L. HAYDEN MRS. NELSON H. HENRY MRS. K. B. LAPHAM MRS. BENJAMIN NICOLL MRS. GEORGE PHILLIPS MRS. GUSTAF STROMBERG MRS. EVERETT P. WHEELER NY- Wage Earners Anti-suff League THE WAGE-EARNING WOMAN AND THE STATE (1912) BY MINNIE BRONSON Formerly Special Agent, Bureau of Labor, Department of Commerce and Labor, Washington, D. C. ISSUED BY The Massachusetts Association Opposed to the Further Extension of Suffrage to Women Pamphlets and leaflets may be obtained from the Secretary, Room 615, Kensington Building, 687 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass. MISS MINNIE BRONSON. Graduated from Upper Iowa University with degree of A.B., receiving degree of Master of Arts from the same institution, 1892. Teacher of Mathematics in St. Paul, Minn., High School, from 1889 to 1899. Assistant in the Department of Education of the U. S. Commission to the Paris Exposition of 1900. Director of the Educational Department of the Pan-American Exposition of 1901. Superintendent of Elementary and Secondary Education at the St. Louis Exposition, 1904. Secretary of the U. S. Jury of Awards at the Liege Exposition of 1905. Delegated by the U. S. Bureau of Education to report the Educational Congresses held in Belgium, 1905. Chief of Department of Social Economy, Jamestown Exposition, 1907. Special Agent of the U. S. Bureau of Labor, to investigate the conditions of labor of women and children, 1907-1909. Special Agent U. S. Department of the Interior, Alaskan Exhibit, Seattle Exposition, March-July, 1909. Special Agent U. S. Bureau of Labor, to report on the strike of Shirt Waist Makers, January-June, 1910. The Wage-Earning Woman and the State. A COMPARISON OF THE LAWS FOR HER PROTECTION IN VARIOUS STATES OF THE UNION. BY MINNIE BRONSON, Formerly Special Agent, Bureau of Labor, Department of Commerce and Labor, Washington, D. C. One of the most forcible arguments advanced by the advocates of woman suffrage is that it would lead to a fairer treatment of women in industry and to better laws for their protection. The claim is made that the laws on our statute books are unjust to the wage-earning women, and that her only redress from this discrimination is in the ballot. So often has this view been urged that it has come to be accepted by many wage-earning women, who have for this reason become advocates of a cause otherwise distasteful to them. A study of the laws of the various States of the United States will show that these conclusions are as fallacious as the premise is untrue. Fallacious Arguments from the Shirt Waist Strike. During the shirt waist strike in New York, in the winter of 1909-10, a noted suffragist, addressing the women strikers at a street meeting, declared that if the women engaged in this industry had had the ballot, such a strike as theirs would have been unnecessary. The speaker doubtless believed what she said, and would have been surprised to learn that 40 per cent, of the strikers were men, 36 per cent, were women under twenty-one years of age, and 6 per cent were women workers of voting age who had not been in this country long enough to gain a residence. Such statements, unrefuted, go far to impress a credulous people, too busy or too indifferent to investigate their truth. 4 Laws for the Protection of the Wage-Earning Woman. Reference to the laws governing the labor of women shows that our law makers, far from enacting laws which discriminate against the wage-earning woman, are constantly enacting new and better laws for her protection; that these laws are constantly improved, not because women have the ballot, to want it, but because women are entering more and more into the industrial life of our country. And, because of her great function to society, because of her physical disadvantage, and, above, all, because she is not herself a law maker, public opinion demands that her rights and her interests shall be doubly conserved and safeguarded from any probably injustice by man, and that she shall be given the opportunity to become whatever her abilities, natural or acquired, permit. And in obedience to this demand, the laws enacted for the protection of wage-earning women are more beneficent and far-reaching than the laws for the protection of wage-earning men. Laws enacted for protection of wage-earning women more far- reaching than laws for protection of wage-earning men Comparison of Laws in Suffrage and Non-Suffrage States. In all but three States, one of which is a suffrage State, 1 laws have been passed for the protection of the women who earn, which laws are distinct from and in addition to the laws protecting all wage-earners, men and women alike; that is to say, in forty-five States and three Territories the laws for the safeguarding of wage-earning women are better and more comprehensive than the laws for the safe-guarding of waste-earning men. Moreover, a comparison of the labor laws of the various States shows that there are more and better laws for the protection of women wage-earners in the non-suffrage States that in States where women have the ballot; the inference being that, possessing --- 1 Women vote on equal terms with men in Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming. Washington and California now (January, 1912) have woman suffrage, but the laws of these States quoted herein were enacted under male suffrage; these States are therefore included under non-suffrage States. 5 the ballot, a woman who works must stand on a level with the male male worker, and ask no favors; must accept the conditions imposed by the law of supply and demand, and give as many hours of toll per day as he, although no increase in physical vitality will respond to this demand of the "equal privilege." Limitation of hours of labor. In thirty-one States of the United States laws have been passed limiting the number of hours of labor in which a woman may be employed, and applicable to all wage-earning women. Two of the four suffrage States have no such law, and in Colorado the law applies only to women who must stand while at work. For all other women workers the hours of labor are not restricted in Colorado. Seats for female employees Thirty-nine States compel employers in stores, factories, shops, etc., to provide seats for female employees. Nine States have no such laws, and one of the nine States is a suffrage State. Earnings of a married woman. In fourty-four States, the Territory of Alaska and the District of Columbia, the earnings of a married woman are secured to her absolutely, and cannot be required by law, as can the earnings of a married man, for the support of the family, nor are they liable for her husband's debts. Six States do not so provide, and one is a suffrage State. Regulation of employment at night. Sixteen States regulate the employment of women at night, and specifically state the hours between which women may not be employed. These regulations were all enacted under male suffrage. Restriction of hours of labor to secure day of rest. Twenty-four States, only one of which is a suffrage State, restrict the number of hours during which a woman may be employed, both by the day and by the week, this ensuring one day of rest in seven: while Colorado restricts the number of hours per day only, without prohibiting night work and without placing any limit upon the hours per week, thus making possible the employment of women for eight hours at night and for every night in the week, including Sunday; this slight protection is given only to women who must stand at their occupation. 6 Comparison of Laws Affecting Wage-Earning Women in Suffrage and Western Non-Suffrage States. If we eliminate forms this comparison the manufacturing States of the East, which, for obvious reasons, have the most and perhaps the best remedial laws for wage-earning women, and consider only those States which have practically similar conditions, we are able to determine more definitely what woman suffrage has accomplished for wage-earning women in the States where women have the franchise. Two of the four suffrage States place no restrictions upon the number of hours a woman may be employed, while the neighboring States of Oklahoma, South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska, as well as Oregon and Washington, regulate the hours by law. As before stated, the law limiting the hours of labor in Colorado applies only to women in standing occupations, and renders them helpless against a seven-day or a seven-night week. But Nebraska, on the east, prohibits the employment of women at night in all manufacturing, mechanical or mercantile establishments and in hotels and restaurants, and limits the numbers of hours per week, thereby ensuring one day of rest. The clause in the Colorado law restricting its operation to women who must stand at their work renders it practically ineffective in the factories of that State, where the manufacturing is largely in what is termed "seated" trades, - ready-made clothing, dressmaking, millinery and like occupations, and in candy making, box making and cigar making. The great manufacturing establishments, where women must stand at work, like cotton and woolen manufacturing, carpet weaving, etc., are not located in Colorado. There are a half-dozen laws pertaining to the work of women in two or three States: as, for instance, a law in Massachusetts, prohibiting employers from deducting the wages of women when time is lost because machinery has 7 broken down and a law prohibiting the employment of women for a fixed period before and after childbirth (this act follows the precedent established in the leading industrial nations of Europe); or a law in Delaware and Louisiana, exempting the ages of women from execution; or laws in California, Illinois and Washington, providing that no person shall, on account of sex, be disqualified from entering upon or pursuing any lawful business, vocation or profession; but none of these laws are found in either of the suffrage States. Wages of Teachers. Suffrage fallacies. With reference to the wages of teachers, a suffragist writer says: "Woman needs the ballot because it leads to fair treatment of women in public service. In Massachusetts the average pay of a female teacher is only one-third that of a male teacher, and in almost all of the States it is unequal; but in Wyoming and Utah the law provides that they shall receive equal pay for equal work." This statement is misleading. Where teachers are doing the same grade of work, it will be found that no such percentage as three to one obtains in Massachusetts. It may be that the sum of the salaries of female teachers in the State, divided by the number of such teachers, is only one-third of the average pay of male teachers; but the majority of male teachers are principals, supervisors, superintendents and college presidents or college professors, while the country school teachers, the kindergartners and under teachers, are women. It is true that few women are found in the highest-paid positions of a teaching force but this is due to other causes than political. In four hundred and seventy-five colleges of various grades and attendance in the United States only eight have women presidents, yet it will scarcely be claimed that this is due to woman's political status. There seems to be a growing sentiment, not only among fathers, but mothers as well, that their sons, whose training 8 at home is so largely in the hands of the mothers, should be brought under the influence of men in their school life ; that, since the grown boy's life of affairs will be spent with men, it should be from men that he learns to meet it and its obligations ; that he should not receive his impressions of life entirely from a sex to which he does not belong. Law of supply and demand. It is not denied that female teachers do not in the majority of cases receive the same pay as men for the work of equal grade ; 1 but here the law of supply and demand is paramount. Teachers’ Wages in Suffrage and Non-Suffrage States. The states of Wyoming and Utah are confirmatory of this fact, in spite of the law on their statute books to the contrary. The average monthly wages of female teachers in Utah is $53.60, while the average wage of male teachers is $77.32 ; that is, the average of the female teacher's is a little less than 70 per cent. of the average male teacher's wage. This at first seems very satisfactory, and a partial confirmation of the suffragist argument; but we find that in Maine women teachers receive 75 per cent. of the wages of men; in Virginia, 80 per cent.; in Indiana and Missouri, 90 per cent.; and in New Mexico, 99 per cent. Also, in Wyoming the average monthly wage of men teachers is $85.26, as compared with $53.05, the average monthly wage of female teachers, or a difference of $32.21 per month, as compared with a difference in Iowa of $21.81; Illinois, $21.36; South Dakota, $20.44; Washington, $16.66; Oregon, $15.48; Ohio, $14.50; Pennsylvania, $14.38; in Kansas, $9.85; in Oklahoma, $8.61; and in North Dakota, $8.24; while in the southern States the difference ranges from $20.22 in Louisiana to $6.16 in Alabama. --- 1 Very recently the women teachers of the city of New York have been granted equal pay with men teachers. The working of this law will be watched with interest. It is worth nothing that this law was passed in a male suffrage state by a Legislature elected by male suffrage. 9 Average monthly salary of teachers in all the States compared with suffrage States. The average monthly salary for all men teachers in the United States is $62.35, and of women teachers $51.61, a difference of $10.74, which is less than one-third the difference found in Wyoming and less than one-half the difference found in Utah. As a matter of fact, there are twenty-nine States in which the ratio between the salaries of men and women teachers is less than in Wyoming, and twenty-five States in which it is less than in Utah; twenty-seven States in which it is less than in Idaho, and twenty-one States in which it is less than in Colorado. Eleven States, California, Nevada, Arizona, Idaho, Illinois, Colorado, Montana, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Washington and Indiana, in the order named, pay higher monthly wages to women than Wyoming and Utah, the excess over Wyoming running from $24 in California to $2.75 in Indiana. 1 Labor Legislation Shows Constant Improvement. The history of labor legislation shows conclusively that laws for the wage-earning woman are constantly improving, in accord with her increasing employment in the industrial world; that her rights and interests are best safeguarded in those States where her numbers and opportunities for work are greatest; and that each year sees new and better laws enacted by legislators who are bitterly denounced, by the advocates for woman suffrage, as unjustly discriminating against the wage-earning women. Record of Thirty-two States (Non-Suffrage) in Legislation for Working Women, 1908-1910. The years 1908-10 show the most remarkable improvement in laws affecting the wage-earning woman. Fifty-four laws were enacted by the Legislatures of thirty-two --- 1 Statistics taken from chapter XVI. of the Report of the Commissioner of Education for 1909. 10 Night work. Restrictions of hours of labor. States, affecting the employment of women and children. Chief among them were the laws restricting or prohibiting night work by women ; and the numerous laws which were enacted or amended regulating the hours of her labor show a marked tendency to their continued reduction. In most of these cases existing laws were simply amended, but in many States entirely new legislation was enacted. Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Virginia enacted laws superseding former laws ; while Mississippi, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Missouri and Washington enacted initial laws. A Minnesota law of 1909 prescribes a fifty-eight-hour week for women employed in stores, shops and factories ; Missouri reaches a high-water mark in remedial legislation by enacting a law prohibiting night work for women, and limiting the hours of labor by the week to fifty-four in all manufacturing and mercantile establishments, laundries and restaurants ; and Oregon strikes out a proviso of the previous law allowing women to work twelve hours per day during the week preceding Christmas. These thirty-two States are non-suffrage States, and it cannot be claimed that the votes of the women have influenced the result. During the year 1911, sixteen additional laws were passed for the protection of women along the lines of hours, wages and night work. Eight-hour laws were enacted in two States and a material reduction made in the number of hours a woman could be employed. Utah was the only suffrage State making any material change in her laws for wage-earning women, and in that State a nine-hour day for women was enacted. The history of labor legislation shows invariably that suffrage States instead of being in the vanguard of remedial legislation have usually lagged behind and have only enacted labor laws when the majority of male suffrage States have pointed the way. 11 Present Standard of Remedial Legislation has been Reached without the Vote of Women. These are facts which cannot be controverted either by assertion or argument. Such misleading statements have been made in reference to the subject that the wage-earning woman is led to believe that existing laws were framed not for her protection, but for her extinction. And yet the history of legislation of all past time shows no such improvement in humane laws as that enacted in the last decade for the protection and safeguarding of the women and children who work. If so much has been accomplished without the votes of women, and so little has been down with this vote, it would seem to behoove the wage-earning woman to inquire carefully into the specious promises of the advocates for equal suffrage. Such inquiry will show her that the variation in the wage paid to male and female workers is due to the operation of the law of supply and demand, and that neither the wage paid to woman nor remedial legislation in her behalf depends upon her political status. It is hardly conceivable that equal suffrage would reverse the remedial legislation already enacted, but further progress in that line could scarcely be expected ; and the constantly reiterated demand that woman shall be allowed to stand on exactly the same footing as man may render ineffective much of the law which now gives her an advantage. Issued by the Massachusetts Association Opposed to the further Extension of Suffrage to Women. Pamphlets and leaflets may be obtained from the Secretary. Room 615, Kensington Building, 687 Boylston Street, Boston, Massachusetts. January, 1912. 12 WAGE EARNING WOMEN STOP! THINK! REASON! Can the workingman use his vote to get work? NO. Thousands of voters are out of work in this country to-day. Can the workingman use his vote to raise his wages? NO. The ballot has no relation to man and his wages. Neither would it have any relation to woman and her wages. VOTES cannot make work when there is no work. VOTES cannot increase wages when there is no natural increase in business. ISSUED BY The Wage Earners Anti-Suffrage League 37 WEST 39th STREET, NEW YORK CITY. THE PRACTICAL LIMITATIONS OF DEMOCRACY BY MRS. WILLIAM FORSE SCOTT Issued by THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OPPOSED TO WOMAN SUFFRAGE 29 West 39th Street, New York City Copyright, 1912, By BERTHA LANE SCOTT. THE PRACTICAL LIMITATIONS OF DEMOCRACY. There is a search more enticing and more elusive than that for North Pole or South Pole, bringing more of suffering and failure to the adventurers upon the seas of the soul than can ever be known to those who sail the seas of the earth, with star and compass to point the certain way. This vague, unending search is the search for happiness. Because the spiritual craving for companionship has its source in the greatest need of humanity—a need even greater than the need of association for physical protection—the first step in the search for happiness is to determine upon some means by which men may live together without such encroachments or interferences as would prevent individual happiness. For there seems to be strongly planted in the human mind the idea that the first essential to happiness is the right to do as one pleases. We have named this right by a high-sounding, soul-elevating word—a word for which men will give fortune and life, often not in the least understanding the thing itself—Liberty. Of all forms of government democracy stands pre-eminent in its claim for liberty,—not only for the mass, but still more for the individual,—a government "of, by, and for" the people. To many the words democracy and liberty are almost synonymous; and to the unthinking a promise of liberty is a promise of happiness. The knowledge that the most hampering limitation is not that of enforced obedience to an external power, but, much more, an inherent disability to move or to expand, comes only with experience of a freedom beyond the capacity to use or enjoy it. The liberty to do nothing, to be nothing, could not be an unqualified blessing. 3 Epictetus has said, "All thing whatsoever are divided into two sorts,—those that are and those that are not within our own power; of the former sort are our opinions and notions of things, our affections, our desires and our aversions, and in short all our actions of every kind are within our own power. But our bodies, possessions, reputations, preferments and places of honor and authority, and in short everything besides our own actions, are things out of our own power." And those fine lines: "The soul that can render An honest and a perfect man Commands all life, all influence and all fate! Nothing to him falls early or too late." again suggest a liberty of soul which has no relation to the laws of man. The clamor of today for an extension of democratic—shall we say "privileges" or "duties?"—makes any consideration of the idea and practice of democracy more than ever interesting and profitable. Is democracy the final form and expression of human liberty? Has a real democracy ever existed? Can it ever exist except as an ideal? Is it a possible mode of agreement among faulty and sinning men, or is it reserved for the angels in heaven? What are the natural rights upon which democracy is said to be founded? Are there any natural rights? As I understand the claim for democracy—as urged today, and, indeed, as it has always been urged—it is based upon certain definite propositions, namely: 1. The natural right of each individual, which gives to all individuals an equal share in government; 2. The right of the majority to govern the minority; 3. The right of each individual to his own earnings, and therefore the right to a voice in the use of any part of those earnings for public purposes. If we accept these conditions as determining the quality of 4 democracy, we must nevertheless see that only under most limited and primitive conditions could we hope to find a community so homogeneous as to have its center everywhere and its circumference nowhere, which must be admitted to be the state of a real or pure democracy. The first proposition, which gives to each individual an equal share in the government, is incapable of fulfillment. It would involve such absolute evenness of desire, such equality of abilities and opportunities, such a superhuman balance of power, as must put anything like pure democracy beyond the limit of serious consideration,—an observation which the second condition promptly confirms. For control by the majority is, in its own terms, compulsion of the minority; and as to the third proposition, that is obviously fallacious, since government does not take or dispose of earnings, nor of accumulations of earnings, with any reference to the holder of those earnings. Property, not the individual, is taxed for the purpose of maintaining a protective system in the interests of both person and property. Property is taxed whether held by minors, aliens or voters, and no other plan is reasonable or practicable. If, under democratic or representative systems, there was any relation of property to political rights, then only the holders of property could claim such right. It is therefore qualified democracy only that we can consider practically. Here at once we are confronted by the problem of the ages. Where shall the conditions of democracy cease? Where shall constitutional representative systems lose the essential qualities which may be called democratic? Alexander Hamilton indicates the obscure borderland between the two when he says:—"Congress have too long neglected to organize a good scheme of administration and to throw business into proper executive departments. For commerce I prefer a board, but for most other things single men. We want a Minister of War, a Minister of Foreign Affairs, a Minister of Finance, and a Minister of Marine. There is always more decision, more dispatch, more secrecy, more responsibility, where single men than where bodies are concerned. By a plan of this kind we should blend the advantages of a monarchy and of a republic in a happy beneficial union." 5 It must be obvious that anything like a successful democracy, that is, a democratic government which can continue and preserve a nation through a long period of time—a government which can endure beyond an experimental stage—must belong to a high plane of evolution, because it is based upon the intelligence and morality of the whole people. It could not long survive upon any other basis. For it carries within itself all the powers of life and death. It must make and execute its own laws, through delegated, if not immediate, authority; and it is plainly seen that, unless the majority intelligence is high, both the law and its execution will be inadequate to the needs of the whole and especially offensive to the more intelligent minority. In every other form of government the high intelligence and morality of a despotic head, or of a small governing group, will serve the interests of the mass of the people, while the immense power of the people, resting in sheer brute force, is always a protection against the misuse of monarchic or aristocratic power. But when we see demomcratic powers misused, when we see the legislative and judicial functions debased, we see that democracy carries within itself the seeds of corruption. A debased democracy will always destroy both itself and its people. If the attack of a tyrannous, autocratic or oligarchic power upon the people is murderous, that of a democracy is suicidal and final. The Greeks destroyed themselves in internecine political strife. The French escaped the penalty which must have followed the weak dissolution of popular power by an abrupt return to a vicious monarchy. What her modern spasm of democracy has in store for her is yet to be proved, but we can see that there will be no democratic Utopia in England any more than there is in Greece or in France. The supreme necessity in democracy is not so much a restraint upon the people in respect to each other as self-restraint. As the individual is a warring composite, which attains a state of cohesion only by such inhibitions as bring, by repression, a balance and coordination of functions, so in a democracy more of repression, more 6 of restraint, is necessary than under any other form of government; it is literally self-government. Without this voluntary inhibition, there would be such a warring of the members as would destroy the entire organism. When a nation evolves into self-government it must build a machine of government. it must have a constitution, as a declaration of the will of the people in respect to the nature and extent of the limitations of individual right, under which they agree to live together. And there must be an agreement upon certain officials, administrative, legislative and judicial, who shall apply the law to affairs as occasion arises. But then the machinery of the government must run according to the nature of the machine, and not according to the nature of the people. If the people have constructed a machine which they find not fitted to their needs, they must reconstruct their machine, and not try to make it run as if it were a different machine. By way of illustration—a railway train. The tracks are the constitution, the engineer and the trainmen the State officials, the engine the machinery of government, and the cars the affairs of the people, in which they ride safely to their destination— prosperity and happiness—so long as the engine keeps to the tracks laid to that destination. But suppose that in one car it is claimed that the direction is wrong and an attempt to switch off should end in derailment; suppose that a leader in another car should think that the engineer does not know his business and should pitch him off and take his place; or that another should cry "We go too fast," and thereupon bind the brakeman and whistle "down-brakes." Is not this a fair allegory of the situation we are facing under the popular license of the initiative, referendum and recall? We must remember that these measures are not new in the world. From primitive times, with only differences of form, all tribes and all people who supposed themselves free, have resorted to them, and they have always expressed, as they now express, not surely the will of the people, nor even of the majority, but only the will of the 7 strongest faction. The Greek system of ostracism was the "recall," in simple and rapid action. The initiative was in full operation in the public assembly —the "ekklesia"—and the great body of "jurors," chosen by lot, determined questions both legislative and executive, as the advocates of democracy would have them determined today by the referendum. A conspicuous apostle of these democratic panaceas, U. S. Senator Bourne, of Oregon, says ("Atlantic Monthly," January, 1912) on one page: "Intelligent and profitable discussion of practical problems of "social or governmental improvement must include full recognition "and due consideration of the forces controlling human action." And on another page: "Whenever relieved from the domination of political machines "and given opportunity to express an effective choice, the voters of "any state will be guilty of neither venality nor cowardice, but will "go to the polls and honestly express their opinions upon the questions " submitted and upon their preference as between candidates." "Now you see it and now you don't!" as the pea-and-thimble man puts it. When you are a philosopher, stating a theory of human conduct, you see that men have passions and are moved by selfish or sinister motives (those "forces controlling human action"), but when you are a "practical man" with an object to gain at the polls, the same human beings (being then under the saving grace of the initiative or referendum) will cast aside all those "forces" of passion and interest and easily act for the welfare of all! Mr. Bourne seems to have a dim perception of this absurd inconsistency, and may have intended to meet it when he avers, on a later page, that he has "proved the impossibility of a community voting against the general welfare!" That is, the majority at an election, even if not a majority of the voters—much less a majority of the citizens—is utterly wise and virtuous! The Oregon initiative law requires that a new bill be voted upon in precisely the form in which it was drawn and filed two months before the election. To the obvious objection that even the friends of the purpose of the new bill might want it amended, as certainly its 8 opponents would, especially so after two months of public criticism, Mr. Bourne says that the fact that the bill cannot be amended "is one of the strongest reasons for commendation," because, knowing this, "the framers of the measure will spend weeks and months in "studying the subject and writing the bill, in order to have it free "from unsatisfactory features." That is, any two or three private citizens, under no responsibility to any one, are sure to be more intelligent, more conscientious, more practical, more industrious, and to have more foresight, than the majority of their own chosen legislature, who are directly responsible to any and to all the people. However it might be if these ancient exploded notions, so hopefully revamped by Mr. Bourne, were applied to the simple and narrow conditions under which government operates upon communities so small that practically all the citizens are at one time or another actively employed in the public affairs of government, yet it is a very different case under the conditions of a complex civilization, involving territories so wide and numbers so great as to prevent the co-operation of all the citizens. When eight per cent. of the voters can inaugurate an appeal to the people under the Initiative, and when twenty per cent. of the registered voters can, by this appeal, establish a new law or repeal an old one, or recall an official—then it may be seen that such democratic methods grow dangerous or vicious in a proportion rapidly increasing in respect to the numbers of the people and the extent of their territory. Here we meet one of the paradoxes of government. For what would seem to be a logical application of the immemorial Anglo-Saxon principle of local self-government, upon wider use proves to be the most effective attack upon self-government. Under the protection of the representative system, the smallest community may make its interest felt in the legislature, but when its interests are left to the mercy of the people at large, what chance has the small provincial interest to make itself felt or heard in the clamorous uproar of a general election? When, for an instance, it takes five hours and a half to read the measures submitted at one election (as recently in one election in South Dakota), how can it be expected that any one will vote intelligently, or with judgment, unless upon the one or 9 two measures which selfish, or at least personal, interest compels him to examine? Among the matters which Washington, in his Farewell Address, recommended to the American people for their future care was this: "To the efficacy and permanency of your Union a government "of the whole is indispensable. * * * This government, the "offspring of our own choice, uninfluenced and unawed, adopted upon "full investigation and mature deliberation, completely free in its "principles and in the distribution of its powers, uniting security "with energy, and containing within itself a provision for its own "amendment, has a just claim to your confidence and your support. "Respect for its authority, compliance with its laws, acquiescence in "its measure, are duties enjoined by the fundamental maxims of true "liberty. "The basis of our political system is the right of the people to "make and to alter their constitution of government, but the constitution "which at any time exists, till changed by an explicit, an "authentic, act of the whole People, is sacredly obligatory upon all. "The very idea of the power and the right of the People to establish "Government pre-supposes the duty of every individual to obey the "established Government. "All obstructions to the execution of the laws, all combinations "and associations, under whatever plausible character, with real design " to direct, control, counteract, or overawe, the regular deliberation " and action of the constitutional authorities, are destructive "of this principle, and of fatal tendency. They serve to organize "faction, to give it extraordinary and artificial force, to put in the "place of the delegated will of the nation the will of a party, often a "small but artful and enterprising minority of the community; and, "according to the alternate triumphs of different parties, to make "the public administration the mirror of the ill-concerted and incongruous " projects of faction, rather than the organ of consistent "and wholesome plans digested by common councils and modified “by mutual interests. *** One method of assault may be to "effect in the form of the constitution alterations which will impair 10 " the energy of the system, and thus to undermine what cannot "be directly overthrown. "In all the changes to which you may be invited, remember that "time and habit are at least as necessary to fix the true character "of Governments as of other human institutions; that experience is "the surest standard by which to test the real tendency of the existing " constitution of a country; that facility in changes upon the "credit of mere hypothesis and opinion exposes to perpetual change “from the endless variety of hypothesis and opinions, and remember "especially that for the efficient management of your common interests, " in a country so extensive as ours, a Government of as much "vigor as is consistent with the perfect security of liberty is indispensable. " Liberty itself will find in such a Government, with powers "properly distributed and adjusted, its surest guardian. It is, indeed, " little else than a name where Government is too feeble to withstand " the enterprises of faction, to confine each member of the society " within the limits prescribed by the laws, and to maintain all "in the secure and tranquil enjoyment of the rights of persons and "property." Even Jefferson, the great protagonist of Democracy, says: "The example of changing a constitution by assembling the "wise men of the state instead of assembling armies, will be worth "as much to the world as the former examples we had given them." He does not suggest a legislating populace. Even in the midst of one of his most extreme utterances on the rights of the people we find this: "With us the people (by which is meant the mass of individuals composing the society), being competent to judge of facts occurring in ordinary life, they have retained the functions to judge of facts, under the name of jurors; but being unqualified for the management of affairs requiring intelligence above the common level, yet competent judges of human character, they chose for their management, representatives, some by themselves immediately, others by electors chosen by themselves. And we believe that this proximate choice and power of removal is the best security which experience has sanctioned for ensuring an honest conduct in the functionaries of society." 11 And Hamilton is equally clear in his advocacy of a strong representative government as the best safeguard of the liberties of the people. Seeking at each point to check and limit one arm of the government by another, in order to prevent the despotic use of power either in the people or their representatives, he says: "Real liberty is found neither in despotism, nor in the extremes of democracy, but in moderate governments. Those who mean to form a solid republican government ought to proceed to the confines of another government. As long as offices are open to all men, and no constitutional rank is established, it is pure republicanism. But if we incline too much to democracy we shall soon shoot into a monarchy." The result of the great wisdom of men whose minds were trained by the study of the highest thought of the world, in the study of the classics, and whose judgments were daily tested in the hard school of adversity, was to produce a government, that under which we enjoy almost perfect liberty of action to-day, which is perhaps the most effectively balanced governmental machine ever devised by human intelligence. The liberty of the people which would result in utter confusion, even anarchy, if left unrestrained, is geared down, so to speak, by passing into members of slower movement and greater rigidity, until the necessary degree of stability is attained by the checks and counter-checks of a free electorate, with its immediate representative in the larger house of Congress, a more rigid and somewhat removed smaller body, less dominated by local or factional bias, in the Senate, with a still more remote, more powerful, but more limited, authority vested in the Chief Executive, acting sometimes, as in the case of the recent annulment of the treaty with Russia, with the speed and precision only possible in an individual act, and again serving merely as a check, a drag, by means of the veto, on more popular acts which would be dangerous through precipitation. And then, above all—the very soul and spirit of our representative democracy,—the great Supreme Court, with no physical power, no direct contact at any point with any other power—the very breath of our national life, existing only in the great common consent of the nation—the 12 essence of Public Opinion—the balance—the governor—the center of rest, but, whatever you may call it, the evidence of the sanity and right purpose of the nation. In another discussion of democratic principles in their modern application—"The Unlimited Franchise," by Max Eastman (also recently in the "Atlantic Monthly"), the most popular fallacy of democracy appears. Mr. Eastman argues that each individual has a natural right to the expression of his desires, and then—skipping a logical step—he infers that the individual has also the right to a participation in government, so that he may, as a natural right, realize those desires. The right to express individual desires through public assemblies or the press or at the polls is never denied; but to enforce those desires is quite another matter. The great statesmen who laid the foundations of this government have provided ample means of publishing all desires, but the accomplishment of these conflicting desires wisely they placed in the hands of committees or of individuals best fitted to represent the general or common interest of all the people. The democratic ideal is a noble one, and the enthusiasts who pursue it are often men of lofty purpose, single-minded and devoted, but in their train—inevitable as the shadow when the sun shines— comes the demagog, who turns the fiery zeal, the hot enthusiasm, roused by the appeal to every human emotion in the cry of "Liberty- Equality," to his own base uses, leading the poor, bewildered multitude to their pitiful destruction. Obedience is heaven's first law. The stars in their courses move with a harmony possible only under the restraint of law. The first need of man is law—some kind of law which gives promise of sequence. Unrestrained democracy is destructive of orderly sequence. It makes law subservient to the impulses of the mass, and these impulses are as unreasoning as the impulses of the individual, and less capable of restraint. The evolution of law is in the direction of certainty of result. Civilization is the name for a rational understanding and acceptance of cause and effect. It is the result of knowledge, and knowledge is classified experience. Eastman says 13 that "feeling, not intelligence, is the foundation of democracy." He would put upon man the limitation which seems to say to the dumb brute: "Thus far and no farther!" For intelligence dominating feeling brings higher development by restraint and inhibition—the ability to postpone a present good for a future better. The highest ideal of democracy should be—not government by all, but self-government by all. Government by all is anarchy. Freedom of the individual under democratic government, except in such limited and homogeneous groups as that of the New England town, is a fallacy. One of the remarkable misconceptions of a democracy is that it is a form of government devised for the utmost good of the individual who is a part of that government. Extreme democracy, on the contrary, must degenerate into anarchy, as in the commune in France, or crystallize into socialism—a government of itself, for itself, regardless of the development or welfare of the individual. Another striking fallacy of democracy is, that equality of right (I do not say of opportunity) elevates. Its tendency, on the contrary, is to level down, on the principle that the chain is no stronger than the weakest link. The many aspects of pseudo democracy which have developed in limited areas and under the pressure of local conditions mislead or confuse students of political economy. The so-called Free Towns of the Hanseatic League were not free in any political sense, although they made war and peace and treaties with other towns, making and breaking alliances, but they were rather commercial oligarchies, and they maintained a kind of commercial serfdom in their large bodies of apprentices. The free Italian cities, so powerful and so uproarious in the frequent outbreaks of the people, were still not democracies, but were rather autocracies. The small republics which have long persisted in Europe, such as San Marino, Andorra and Switzerland, are practically only protectorates, and not politically responsible communities; and the great republics of Greece and Rome were ephemeral structures, outlived even by the slavery upon which they rested. 14 It is interesting to note that the democracy which has characterized our own government is not that of the free New England town-meeting, but that of Virginia and later South Carolina— slave states—advocating the democratic principle of state and individual immunity from control by Federal or State centralization of government. There is some curious connection—some meeting of extremes, not yet elucidated—between slavery and democracy in both ancient and modern times. It seems that we are led inevitably to these conclusions: First, that all forms of government fret and gall like an ill-made harness, because government is inadequate to the perfect adjustment of the affairs of men—heterogeneous and discordant as they are—to a shifting environment; no stability anywhere, restless, eager desire in the turbulent mass of mankind, and a Procrustean universe, stretching and clipping humanity while it writhes and struggles in trying to fit itself to the merciless machine. And, second: that the best government is that which gives freest play to the highest intelligence. The best government will, therefore, change with the changing conditions of the people. Democracy will not make people intelligent. It never did. But an intelligent people can and will make some form of democracy. The probability is that the unconscious effort at adjustment is directed more or less by the average of intelligence in the people, ranging from a despotism up to the most highly intelligent form of representative government, and then degenerating, through the follies of unrestrained democracy, to the point of destruction, when the nation is saved, if at all, only by the strong hand of the heroic reformer, the beneficent despot. BERTHA LANE SCOTT. [*05C*] [*30*] Eminent Catholic Prelates Oppose Woman Suffrage James Cardinal Gibbons Equal rights do not imply that both sexes should engage promiscuously in the same pursuits, but that each should discharge those duties which are adapted to its physical constitution. The insistence on a right of participation in active political life is undoubtedly calculated to rob woman of all that is amiable and gentle, tender and attractive; to rob her of her innate grace of character and give her nothing in return but masculine boldness and effrontery. When I deprecate female suffrage, I am pleading for the dignity of woman, THE VOICE OF COMMON SENSE "The indirect influence of women which in a well ordered state makes for the moral order, would suffer severe injury by political equality. The opposition expressed by many women to the introduction of woman suffrage as for instance, the New York Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage, should be regarded by Catholics as, at least, the voice of common sense. From the Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 15, p. 694, published in 1912 under the imprimatur of Archbishop (now Cardinal) Farley of New York. I am contending for her honor, I am striving to perpetuate those peerless prerogatives inherent in her sex, those charms and graces which exalt womankind and make her the ornament and coveted companion of man. Woman is queen indeed, but her empire is the domestic kingdom. The greatest political triumphs she would achieve in public life fade into insignificance compared with the serene glory which radiates from the domestic shrine, and which she illumines and warms by her congugal and motherly virtues. If she is ambitious of the dual empire of public and private life, then like the fabled dog beholding his image in the water she will lose both, she will fall from the lofty pedestal where nature and Christianity have placed her and will fail to grasp the ceptre of political authority from the strong hand of her male competitor. (From a letter to Mrs. Robert Garrett of Baltimore, April 22, 1913.) Cardinal Farley. I do not believe in woman suffrage. I think it best for all women to leave to man politics, and, as far as possible, the affairs of government. It is my belief that women will soon tire of the ballot in states in which they have secure it. A fad, I do not believe it will last. (From a newspaper interview in Los Angeles.) The Rt. Rev. John S. Foley, Bishop of Detroit. The political arena is not the place for the highest development of all that is best in woman. Nothing but degradation can come from placing gentle women in the voting places to come in contact with all sorts and conditions of men. No good can be accomplished by merely placing the ballot in the hands of women, and the evils which will certainly result will make every husband and father who has respect for the women of his family regret that woman suffrage was ever adopted. Archbishop Messmer of Milwaukee The theory that demands equal rights between the sexes must be denied absolutely. It is a mistake to say equal rights instead of similar rights, for women have certain rights that men have not, and men have certain rights that women have not. In regard to politics, why should women have equal rights? Politics means the ruling of nations, and no one who under- stands this would demand equal rights. Equal rights would interfere with woman's calling. It would destroy her influence on mankind. The modern women's question is the outcome of the French Revolution. (From an address on "Woman's Rights." Archbishop Moeller of Cincinnati. It is a movement that does not appeal to us, because we feel that it will bring women into a sphere of activities that is not in accord with their retiring modesty, maidenly dignity and refinement. We fear that suffrage women will cease to be the queens of the home. Let the women devote themselves, as far as their duties permit, to works of charity for which nature has so well fitted them. It not infrequently happens that owing to apathy and indifference, measures have that owing to apathy and indifference, measures have been carried that have not the proper endorsement. We request the women not to fail to sign the anti-suffrage list if they do not wish to, or do not believe that they should, enroll themselves under the banner of the suffragists. Pastors might urge the women from the pulpit to declare themselves in regard to this matter when the opportunity presents itself. (From a letter to the clergy of his diocese.) Issued for Massachusetts Anti-Suffrage Committee GEORGE R. CONROY, 31 Cleveland Road, Needham, Mass. 62 Woman Suffrage and Its Allies Woman Suffrage goes hand in hand with Feminism, Sex Antagonism and Socialism- doctrines which would abolish the marriage ceremony, strike a blow at the fundamentals of Christianity and revolutionize our social system. If Suffragists deny this, ask them these questions: Why is the National Woman Suffrage Association publishing and selling the book entitled "The Case for Woman Suffrage"--a book filled with the most extreme feministic and socialistic arguments as reasons why women should vote? Why has the National Woman Suffrage Association published and circulated "Bondwomen"--an infamous pamphlet attacking the marriage ceremony and characterizing wifehood as a species of slavery? Why do suffrage organisations engage Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Winifred Harper Cooley, Rheta Childe Dehrr, Inez Milholland-Boissevain, Max Eastman and other radical feminists and socialists to speak and write for Woman Suffrage? Why is every socialist and every feminist an ardent woman suffragist? Why has the New York State Men's League for Woman Suffrage employed as its secretary Max Eastman, editor of "The Masses," a socialist publication, and author of the blasphemous pamphlet, "God's Blunder"? Why has no suffragist leader arisen to contradict the statement of Braverman, a socialist writer, that "No two social movements ever had so much in common as Woman Suffrage and Socialism"? Why has no suffrage organisation ever repudiated Socialism or Feminism, and why has no suffragist leader of any prominence ever written or spoken against those immoral propagandas? No one can afford to be neutral regarding Socialism or Feminism, and no one can do anything, directly or indirectly, to advance those movements without helping to lay the axe at the tap-root of Christian civilization.. Issued for the Massachusetts Anti-Suffrage Committee AUGUSTIN H. PARKER, Secy. Dedham Street, Dover, Mass. 28 Why the FARMER Should Oppose Woman Suffrage The farmer should oppose woman suffrage for the same reasons that all others should oppose it, and for this special reason in addition: Woman suffrage would place a tremendous handicap upon the farmer by increasing the proportion of the vote which is indifferent to his interests. With woman suffrage in force, the husband and wife must both vote, and vote the same way in order to make the voting power of the family as strong as it was under male suffrage alone. In the city, where the polling place is just around the corner, no conditions of roads or weather can prevent women who desire to do so--or who are controlled by the bosses--from going to the polls. But out in the country, with the polling places often miles away, the women in many cases will be compelled by weather and other conditions to remain at home on Election Day, leaving the FARMER to stand alone against the MEN AND WOMEN of the cities, thus making it easier, for those who so desire, to secure legislation adverse to the interests of the farmer. Vote "NO" on woman suffrage Nov. 6 and save the rural communities from an unjust political handicap. 4 Special Privileges New York Women Have Secured Under Male Suffrage Married women not required to contribute to support of family. Woman may work, earn money, and spend it as she pleases. May own real and personal property and dispose of it or sell it without her husband's knowledge or consent. Husband cannot dispose of real estate without wife's consent. Wife cannot be required to pay husband's bills, even if contracted for support of family. Husband must pay wife's bills, whether for the family or for her own personal expenses. If wife obtains divorce, husband must pay alimony. If husband obtains divorce, even through wife's fault, she pays nothing. Wife may have millions and cut her husband off without a cent. Husband cannot cut off wife without dower right. If husband owns home, he cannot sell or mortgage it without wife's consent. If wife owns it, she may do as she pleases with it, and without consulting him at all. If husband fails to support wife, he may be arrested and prosecuted criminally. Wife cannot be compelled to support husband under any circumstances, no matter how rich she may be, nor how poor he may become. A father cannot by will appoint a guardian for minor children against the wishes of the mother. All women are exempt from military service. All women are exempt from jury duty. Woman Is Not Discriminated Against by Any New York State Law Vote NO on Woman Suffrage! 5 [*T. Case II Drawer 2 File A. Natl*] Some Reasons Why We Oppose Votes for Women __________ Because the basis of government is force--its stability rests upon its physical power to enforce its laws; therefore it is inexpedient to give the vote to women. Immunity from service in executing the law would make most women irresponsible voters. Because the suffrage is not a question of right or of justice, but of policy and expediency; and if there is no question of right or of justice, there is no case for woman suffrage. BECAUSE IT IS THE DEMAND OF A MINORITY OF WOMEN, AND THE MAJORITY OF WOMEN PROTEST AGAINST IT. Because it means simply doubling the vote, and especially the undesirable and corrupt vote of our large cities. Because the great advance of women in the last century--moral, intellectual and economic--has been made without the vote; which goes to prove that it is not needed for their future advancement along the same lines. Because women now stand outside of politics, and therefore are free to appeal to any party in matters of education, charity and reform. Because the ballot has not proved a cure-all for existing evils with men, and we find no reason to assume that it would be more effectual with women. Because the woman suffrage movement is a backward step in the progress of civilization, in that it seeks to efface natural differentiation of function, and to produce identity, instead of division of labor. Because in Colorado after a test of seventeen years the results show no gain in public and political morals over male suffrage States, and the necessary increase in the cost of elections which is already a huge burden upon the taxpayer, is unjustified. Because our present duties fill up the whole measure of our time and ability, and are such as none but ourselves can perform. Our appreciation of their importance requires us to protest against all efforts to infringe upon our rights by imposing upon us those obligations which cannot be separated from suffrage, but which, as we think, cannot be performed by us without the sacrifice of the highest interests of our families and of society. Because it is our fathers, brothers, husbands and sons who represent us at the ballot-box. Our fathers and our brothers love us; our husbands are our choice, and one with us; our sons are what WE MAKE THEM. We are content that they represent US in the corn-field, on the battle-field, and at the ballot-box, and we THEM in the school-room, at the fireside, and at the cradle, believing our representation even at the ballot-box to be thus more full and impartial than it would be were the views of the few who wish suffrage adopted, contrary to the judgment of the many. We do, therefore, respectfully protest against the proposed Amendment to establish "woman suffrage" in our State. We believe that political equality will deprive us of special privileges hitherto accorded to us by law. Our association has been formed for the purpose of conducting a purely educational campaign. If you are in sympathy with this aim and believe as we do in the righteousness of our cause, will you not send your name to us and pass our appeal on to some one else? NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OPPOSED TO WOMAN SUFFRAGE, 35 West 39th St., New York City. Women's Anti-Suff Assn ny 1915 WOMEN VOTERS' ANTI-SUFFRAGE PARTY Co-operating with established parties against radicalism 280 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY MEMBER'S REGISTRATION CARD Name (Mrs. or Miss) Permanent Address Voting Residence Democrat Republican Independent (Please Mark with an X) ORGANIZATION PLAN OF ACTION 1. Suspension of present anti-suffrage organizations. 2. Continuance of present anti-suffrage organizations until November, 1920. 3. Re-organization for continuances "WOMEN'S NON-RADICAL ASSOCIATION." PLEDGE $1 a year $1 a month $1 a year $1 a day until after 1920 election (Please mark with an X) Every vote for continuance must be accompanied by a pledge for personal or financial support. No pledge accepted unless sufficient support is promised to put the work on an effective basis for six months (Over) Editorial, New York World, June 7, 1919. NO TIME TO QUIT. Do Anti-Suffragists intend to give up the fight just because they have met with one reverse, serious though that may be? Surprise will be excited by the announcement of the President of the Party Opposed to Woman Suffrage that as no time limit has been placed on the ratification of the amendment by the various States, it would be "useless" to continue "a struggle that would last indefinitely." This is no time to quit but rather to reopen hostilities with renewed vigor and to carry the war into Africa. Though the Suffragists have won the Senate, they have not won the Legislatures. They have thirty-six States to gain before they come into the promised land, while the Antis have only thirteen to secure to defeat the amendment, and of these many are more than half persuaded not to grant the ballot to women under any conditions. The very inducement of an indefinitely prolonged struggle should spur the Antis on. Has the old joy of contest left them? They should fight it out on the same line if it takes all this summer or a decade of summers to come. Not till the last State is lost should they give up, and even then, as the champions of a lost cause, there should still be work for their organization in keeping watch over their enfranchised sisters. (Over) Cazenovia Branch New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage. Mrs. A.E. Fitch. SEC'Y. WOMAN SUFFRAGE AND THE LIQUOR QUESTION Facts Show Women's Votes Have NOT Aided Prohibition The statement is being continually made by suffragists that women's votes would solve the liquor question, but an analysis of the facts shows the fallacy of such an assertion. Prior to the election of November 3, 1914, no state where women vote was a prohibition state except Kansas, which had been dry for over twenty years before full suffrage was extended to women there. Colorado, after twenty-one years of women suffrage, voted dry, but at the election on May 18 in Denver a "wet" home rule amendment was adopted by a two to one majority, and according to the prohibitionists the situation in Colorado, in so far as the liquor problem is concerned, will have to be adjusted in the courts and will probably go to the United States Supreme Court for final settlement. Oregon, Washington and Arizona, all woman suffrage states, joined the prohibition column in November, 1914, but California, where women suffrage also prevails, overwhelmingly defeated prohibition. Another singular and impressive fact is that the only two states in the Union that adopted woman suffrage last year are known as the "wettest" states in this country, Montana and Nevada. These two states have more saloons to their population than any other state in the forty-eight. In Montana, according to the "Anti-Saloon League Year Book for 1914," out of a population of 376,053 only 15,000 live in no-license territory. In Nevada, out of a population of 81,875, only 8,000 were in no-license territory. Expressed in percentages only 4 per cent. of the Montana population and 9 per cent. of that of Nevada live in "dry" territory. In Montana, the only "dry" territory at the present time consists of Indian reservations, where the sale of liquor is prohibited by Federal law. In Nevada, the first election held, after the adoption of woman suffrage, was the local election in Reno on May 4, 1915, and the question of reducing the number of saloons was submitted to the voters as an initiative ordinance. Not a single ward carried the proposition, and according to the press reports the vote of the women showed a majority in opposition to the reform movement, although several civic bodies had endorsed the limitation of saloons. North Dakota, on the other hand, which defeated woman suffrage at the November, 1914, election by 9,139, is a prohibition state. Ohio rejected double suffrage in 1912 by 87,455 and in 1914 by 182,905, yet 48 per cent, of Ohio's population lives in "dry" territory. In Missouri, which defeated woman suffrage by 140,206, over 37 per cent, are in "dry" territory. In South Dakota, where women suffrage lost by 11,914, about 68 per cent. are in "dry" territory. Wyoming has had woman suffrage since 1869, when the state was admitted to the Union, but has never had local option or state wide prohibition. New Zealand has always been one of the shining stars in the suffrage diadem, but national prohibition received a staggering defeat in the election in December, 1914, the twelve no-license districts only retaining their prohibition character by about 4,000 votes. SUFFRAGISTS SEEK SUPPORT OF LIQUOR INTERESTS. Contrary to the oft-repeated assertion that the anti-suffragists are seeking the support of the liquor interests, exactly the contrary is the case. For years suffragists have been assiduously courting the brewers, brewery workers, and their affiliated interests. Susan B. Anthony, twenty-five years ago, appealed to the brewers for help for the suffrage cause. Crystal Eastman Benedict, when a paid suffrage worker in Wisconsin during the campaign there, made earnest efforts to secure the support of the Milwaukee brewers, assuring them that woman suffrage would be better for their interests since all the suffrage states were wet (as they were at that time). In the Montana campaign the suffragists would not allow the W.C.T.U. to participate in their demonstrations or march in their parades, so fearful were they of alienating the liquor dealers. The Cleveland "Plain Dealer" of October 12, 1914, says that Frau Schwimmer, who has since been working for the peace propaganda, spoke in a saloon in Columbus, and said: "It gave me a splendid opportunity to make clear that the suffrage cause has no affiliations with either the wet or the dry interests." The Worcester (Mass.) "Gazette" of December 3, 1914, reports Miss Margaret Foley, an active suffrage worker, as appearing before a committee of the Central Labor Union to reassure the members of the Bottlers' Union that they have nothing to fear from giving women the vote. The Worcester (Mass.) "Telegram" of March 11, 1915, says: "The antipathy of the delegates representing the unions engaged in the liquor business was based on a fear that woman suffrage will mean prohibition and will deprive man of the livelihood that they are now making. Practically every speaker who has appeared before the delegates has declared that there is no relation between woman suffrage and prohibition." And now to get the word direct from the brewery interests themselves. One of the most vociferous suffrage advocates, Mrs. Inez Milholland Boissevain, at a meeting in Plainfield, N.J., May 16th, 1913, stated: "The anti-suffrage league is endorsed by and has in several instances accepted financial support from the National Brewers' Association." Mr. Hugh F. Fox, secretary of the United States Brewers' Association, at once made the following statement: "The lady is absolutely misinformed in both particulars. The Anti-Suffrage Association has never been endorsed by the United States Brewers' Association (to which of course she refers). We have not contributed any money directly or indirectly to their cause, nor have we been asked to, THOUGH WE HAVE HAD APPEALS FROM THE OTHER SIDE." In an official statement issued by Mrs. Grace Wilbur Trout, president of the Illinois Woman Suffrage Association, she says: "It is our pleasure to acknowledge that some of our strongest supporters in the legislature were the so-called 'wets.' The state association will endorse every legislator who voted for equal suffrage." During the campaign in Nevada last fall, the president and secretary of the Winnemucca Woman's Equal Franchise Society signed the following appeal in the Humboldt "Star" of Winnemucca: "To Whom It May Concern: "The impression is prevalent that the members of our society are fighting the liquor interests. If the persons who circulated these stories will look up the history of states that have given women the ballot they will find that they are not any dryer than before. Utah and Colorado, where women have voted for many years, are not prohibition states. San Francisco, after women were admitted to the ballot, went wet by a large majority. We could cite many other examples. All we ask is the truth. Give us a square deal. We have no quarrel with the saloons." Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, declared in a statement issued by the National Woman Suffrage Ass'n, that the suffrage associations of the United States had never taken any stand on the governmental control of the liquor traffic. She added: "Just what the position of the woman voter will be on the subject of the liquor traffic cannot be guessed, as there are as many individual opinions in regard to that as to any other question. But suffragists as a whole are not responsible for individual opinions." Thus Dr. Shaw emphatically denies that her organization has taken any stand against liquor and the Nevada Suffragists appeal for a "square deal" from the liquor interests, while the Illinois leader appreciates the assistance of the wets. The "drys" gained nineteen towns and cities in Wisconsin at the election last November with only men voting. In Michigan the "drys" gained nine counties with only men voting. The "drys" gained three counties in Illinois with men and women voting, while the "wets" won fourteen cities by large majorities. In Danville, Kankakee and Murphysboro, the three chief cities where local option elections were held, the "wet" majority is said to have increased with women voting. These plain facts clearly refute the oft-repeated suffrage statements and prove beyond a doubt that: 1. The Anti-Suffragists are NOT supported by the liquor interests, and 2. Women's votes will NOT solve the liquor problem. WOMEN'S ANTI-SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION, 37 West Thirty-ninth Street, New York City. 120 TRADES COUNCIL UNION LABEL NEW YORK CITY July 1, 1915. Vote NO on Woman Suffrage Nov. 2, 1915 New York Women Voters' Anti-Suffrage Party [*NY Times - April 21, 1915*] "We Taxpayers." To the Editor of the New York Times: I note Everett P. Wheeler, in his article in THE TIMES of April 19, states that "we taxpayers naturally ask, Why double the expense of elections if the result is to be the same?" Mr.Wheeler overlooked the fact that "we taxpayers" include quite a number of the feminine sex who would probably prefer to pay the increased expense and have the privilege of voting than to pay a tax covering this expense and still have no voice in the election of the men who make these taxes. A SUFFRAGETTE. New York, April 19, 1915. [*NY Times Apr 19, 1915*] THE WOMAN HERSELF. She Cannot Forego Her Natural Claim on Man's Protection. To the Editor of the New York Times: Allow me to call attention to the following passage forms he decision just handed down but the United States Supreme Court. The Legislature of California passed an act limiting to eight the hours during which women could be employed in a large number of industries, including hospitals. The managers of a hospital and one of the nurses employed therein brought an action to test the validity of the act. It was shown that the enforcement of the law would greatly increase the expense of the hospital and diminish the number of free patients who could be cared for therein. The court held that all such objections were for the consideration of the Legislature and that it had power to pass the act referred to for the following reason-I quote from the opinion of the court: She is properly placed in a class by herself, and legislation designed for her protection may be sustained, even when like legislation is not necessary for men and could not be sustained. * * * Even though all restrictions on political, personal, and contractual rights were taken, and she stood, as far as states are concerned, upon an absolutely equal plane with him, it would still. be true that she is so constituted that she will rest open and look to him for protection: that her physical structure and a proper discharge of her maternal functions -having in view not merely her own health but the well-being of the race- justify legislation to protect her from the greed as well as the passion of man. The limitations which this statute places upon her contractual powers, upon her right to agree with her employer as to the time she shall labor are not imposed solely for her benefit, but also largely, for the benefit of all. Many words cannot make this plainer. The two sizes differ in structure of body, in the functions to be performed by each, in the amount of physical strength in the capacity of long continued labor, particularly when done standing; the influence of vigorous health upon the future well-being of the race, the self-reliance which enables one to asset full rights, and in the capacity to maintain the struggle for subsistence. This decision embodies the principle upon which those who are opposed to political suffrage for women stand firmly. The very fact that man owes this protection to woman, for the reasons stated by the court, makes it unfit that she should engage in political contests with him. If it be true, as your esteemed contemporary The Post argues that the extension of political suffrage to women will make no difference, and the Chicago experiment shows that the election resulted in the same way as if the women has not voted, we taxpayers naturally ask Why double the expense of elections if the result is to be the same? You showed recently that the expense of the last election in this State was $4,070,171. A large majority of tax- payers and wage-earners in this State are men. Why take $4,000,000 out of their pockets simply to please a few enthusiastic women who are asking to impose the burden of the franchise upon their sisters? EVERETT P. WHEELER Chairman Man-Suffrage Association. New York, April 16, 1915. ORGANIZATION PLAN OF ACTION 1. Suspension of present anti-suffrage organizations. OR 2. Continuance of present anti-suffrage organizations until after Nov., 1920. OR 3. Re-organization as "WOMEN'S NON-RADICAL ASSOCIATION." Please indicate on enclosed card which you favor. In considering the question of suspension, continuance as we are, or re-organization, you are asked to consider changes in methods demanded by changes in problems to be met. A certain group in our organization has felt for two years that a "WOMEN'S NON-RADICAL ASSOCIATION" could do anti-suffrage work with then times the effectiveness and one-tenth the antagonism of the old- time "anti-suffrage" organization. This applies with full force to the present situation, when a "WOMEN'S NON-RADICAL ASSOCIATION" need waste no time in explanations to apologies in fighting the ratification of the Federal Amendment, We can stop that ratification in the necessary 36 states. if you will help us NOW: if you are ready to give the same patriotic effort toward defending the Nation from its enemies at home, as you have in defending it from its enemies abroad. Will you sign under the new slogan, "AMERICA ALWAYS?" FRANCES BENSON, 280 Madison Avenue-June 9, 1919. Editorial, New York World, June 7, 1919. NO TIME TO QUIT Do Anti-Suffragists intend to give up the fight just because they have met with one reverse, serious though that may be? Surprise will be excited by the announcement of the President of the Party Opposed to Woman Suffrage that as no time limit has been placed on the ratification of the amendment by the various States, it would be "useless" to continue "a struggle that would last indefinitely." This is no time to quit but rather to reopen hostilities with renewed vigor and to carry the war into Africa. Though the Suffragists have won the Senate, they have not won the Legislatures. They have thirty-six States to gain before they come into the promised land, while the Antis have only thirteen to secure to defeat the amendment, and of these many are more than half persuaded not to grant the ballot to women under any conditions. The very inducement of an indefinitely prolonged struggle should spur the Antis on. Has the old joy of contest left them? They should fight it out on the same line if it takes all this summer or a decade of summers to come. Not till the last State is lost should they give up, and even then, as the champions of a lost cause, there should still be work for their organization in keeping watch over their enfranchised sisters. NO TIME TO QUIT To the Editor of the World: Thank you for the editorial "No Time to Quit," in which you ask, "Do Anti-Suffragists intend to give up the fight?" We agree with you "that this is no time to quit, but rather to reopen hostilities with renewed vigor. * * * Suffragists have thirty-six States to Gai before they come into the promised land, while the Antis have only thirteen to secure to defeat the amendment, and of these many are more than half persuaded not to grant the ballot to women under any conditions." The Federal Amendment political deal just consummated by Congress with a Suffrage minority (in the face of a tremendous Anti-Suffrage majority in States where the people have had a voice at the polls, sixteen Suffrage defeats and only four victories in six years) comes at too critical a stage in our national affairs to meet with passive acceptance by the conservative majority. Senator Borah's demand on the floor of the Senate, "Have we measured the step we are about to take, or are we simplymoral delinquents fleeing before a revolution?" hits home hard to every Anti-Suffragist. Anti-Suffrage has always meant anti-feminism, anti- Socialism, anti-radicalism, anti-Bolshevism, anti-internationalism, though the casually informed are but just finding it out. With every Socialist, every feminist, every "parlor Bolshevist," every newly naturalized interantionalist a Suffragist, and every "female of that species" a deadlier political propagandist than the male, the Federal amendment situation, instead of lessening the responsibility of the "Americalaways" conservative woman voter in New York State, increases it thousandfold. New York finances and plans the work, enrolls, trains and sends out medical emissaries the world over, inculcating and "representing" American ideals. So long as much of our "Americaization" is in the hands of "parlor Bolshevists;" So long as our women's clubs,"popular" churches, settlement houses and municipal philanthropies are threathened by the domination of alien sympathizers; So long as our public schools are systematically invaded by anti-Americans during the week and children are taught revolutionary gyms in Socialist Sunday schools on Sunday; So long as radicals, political manipulators and "also rans" fight for woman supremacy at the polls - Just so long must Anti-Suffrage non-radicals live up to their convictions and responsibilities or become moral and political shirkers, which we are not. FRANCES BENSON Secretary Women Voters' Anti-Suffrage Party. New York, June 9. WOMEN VOTERS' ANTI-SUFFRAGE PARTY Co-operating with established parties against radicalism. FORMERLY The New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage ROOM 809 . . 280 MADISON AVENUE NEW YORK CITY Telephone Vanderbilt 3780 [*Rose*] MEMBERS' MEETING MURRAY HILL HOTEL - 40TH STREET AND PARK AVENUE TUESDAY MORNING - JUNE 24TH, 1919 AT 11 O'CLOCK PLEASE COME OR RETURN ENCLOSED PROXY __________ The Suffrage Federal Amendment having passed the United States Senate (with but two votes to spare) Suffrage leaders are hastily demanding extra sessions of state legislatures in order to secure ratification of this amendment in time to enable them to take an active part in the coming Presidential election campaign. Partial or "presidential" suffrage, wrested by lobbyists from state legislatures in states where there was certainty of defeat at the polls, has been a favorite form of widely heralded suffrage "victory." Recently, however, these "victories" are becoming more and more dubious and open to question - especially as practical, political victories. In the event of a closely contested presidential election, the result might hang for months on the question woman's vote imposed by a legislature in defiance of the people at the polls. The need of desperate forcing of the Federal Suffrage Amendment is obvious. __________ Suffragists must secure immediate ratification of the Federal Amendment by the legislatures of 36 states in order to take part in the 1920 election. Only 11 states will meet in regular session and extra sessions are necessary to serve suffrage ends. One Governor has the hardihood to announce that it would cost $200,000 to convene the legislature in special session in his state, and he recognizes no emergency. Other Governors answering to the crack of the political whip may not be so considerate of tax payers and the "ultimate consumer," the voter. Suffragists have 36 states to gain. Anti-Suffragists have only 13 states to gain. The same people who have said "Suffrage is bound to come" and "Suffrage has come to stay" are now saying "Radicalism, Bolshevism, the Soviet System is bound to come and will come to stay." WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO ABOUT IT? Please let us know on or before June 24th. Frances Benson, Secretary, June 9, 1919. The Dark and Dangerous Side of Woman Suffrage "I believe it (the granting of suffrage to women) to be false philosophy; I believe that it is an attempt to turn backward along the line of social development and that if the step ever be taken, we go centuries backward on the march toward a higher, a nobler and a purer civilization, which must be found not in the confusion, but in the higher differentiation of the sexes." - ELIHU ROOT. "I am unalterably opposed to woman suffrage . . . from the standpoint of what is best for woman herself, what is best for her husband, and what is best for her children." . . . CARDINAL GIBBONS (interview, "N.Y. Globe," June 22, 1911.) "When I deprecate female suffrage I am pleading for the dignity of woman; I am contending for her honor. . . ." "I regard 'woman's rights' women and the leaders of the new school of female progress as the worst enemies of the female sex." - CARDINAL GIBBONS (message to National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage, Dec. 7, 1916). "Under the influence of such teachers we find woman, especially in higher circles, neglecting her household duties, never at peace unless she is in perpetual motion, or unless she is in a state of morbid excitement. She never feels at home unless she is abroad. When she is at home, the home is irksome to her. She chafes and frets under the restraints and responsibilities of domestic life." etc. - CARDINAL GIBBONS (letter to Maryland Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage, April 22, 1913). "The tendency of non-Christian and anti-Christian modern movements is to destroy these ideals, to override them, to defy them; and so we hear much of the new woman--who is not a real woman at all." . . . "The consequences of this gospel of the unsexed, are already visible around us. They affect the family, marriage, progeny, and mostly woman herself." - CARDINAL O'CONNELL (message to Catholic women, "Boston Herald," April 28, 1920). __________ Many well-intentioned women are today claiming to be suffragists without grasping the true significance of the demand for "sex emancipation." Not so, suffrage leaders. Regarding the conventions, duties and ideals wrought of the experience of ages merely as galling chains of "sex slavery," they are bent upon "complete emancipation." They acknowledge that political independence is but a stepping-stone, and social revolution their goal. The issue is clear-cut. The family is either the unit of civilization, inter-dependent , ennobling, worthy of "grappling to our souls," or it is a tyrannical institution, to be discarded for a new scheme of social existence. The Feminist and Socialist are demanding the latter. It is the doctrine of the herd. It robs women of their immunities and men of their responsibilities. Under the Feminist-Socialist scheme, men will inevitably become weak and effeminate, dominated by "petticoat government" (duplicating the tragic history of Rome, Athens, Carthage), and the race and nation be doomed to degeneration and decadence. Much Feminist literature is scarcely fit for publication. The following authentic quotations are selected as among the least obnoxious, to indicate, in some slight degree, the inescapable "next step" after woman suffrage. If YOU are truly concerned with the welfare of your Family, your Children, your Country, do not make the mistake of ignoring the REAL MEANING of the demand for "Votes for Women." DOWNFALL OF THE HOME "I would like to make motherhood a governmental institution. I would pension all mothers and have them provided for first to last by the State. I believe that motherhood should be independent of any man." (March, 1913.) Rev. Anna Howard Shaw, for ten years president National Suffrage Association "The woman should have as much to do in the home as the man and no more . . . Who, then, will take care of the sick baby? The nurse, of course . . . If the child is not seriously ill the nurse is as good as the mother; if the child is seriously ill the nurse is better." (Signed article, "Woman's Journal," Official Suffrage Organ.) "The home of today is a permanent check upon the growth of humanity." "Cleveland Leader," May 24, 1914. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, suffrage leader, lecturers, writer, for twenty years. "It certainly will not be long before the influx to the voting ranks of these millions of younger women whose impressions are being formed in the more alert, stirring air of today will bring the real issue more sharply before us; and it is to be assumed that the institutions most likely to be changed are the home and marriage itself." Mrs. Inez Milholland Boissevain, ("McClure's Magazine," 1913). Her mother stated that Mrs. Boissevain "didn't use the word 'Socialism' much until after she had been to Vassar. She got most of her radicalism there." ("The Suffragist," Dec. 23, 1916.) "Here between the lines it would be written that through all the darkest ages of the slavery of women there were always women set free--to be wantons. . . . "I have never once said that men should 'give' women a Fair Field in Sex. I have shown that women must 'take' it." Helen Ring Robinson, Colorado State Senator ("Pictorial Review," May, 1919), national suffrage lecturer. "The 'feminist' point is an insistence on the economic value to the community of a mother's work in rearing her own children. . . . This work should be recognized by the community and receive a standard wage, as all other work does." Katherine S. Dreier, suffrage leader. "(N.Y. Sun," May 23, 1914.) "As for the home--the home that we reverence as that fine old institution surrounded with the sacredness of chivalry. It seems to me that the home will be all the finer when we leave off the chivalry bunk and the home bunk." George Creel, suffrage speaker. ("Cleveland Leader.") "It is unwholesome for any woman to be supported by any man." Mary Ware Dennett, corresponding secretary, National American Suffrage Association and director of Birth Control League (Trenton Civics and Suffrage Club). (Another director of this League was Jessie Ashley, former treasurer of National American Suffrage Association and author of an indecent article in "The Progressive Woman," April, 1913, entitled "Who Are the White Slaves?" The "white slaves," from Miss Ashley's viewpoint are virtuous married women.) (Cooper Union, Feb., 1914.) "Even a kitten can be a mother." Charlotte Perkins Gilman, suffrage leader and writer. "The younger feminists consider that the day is rapidly approaching when to be supported by a man in return for sexual privileges, or mere general housekeeping, or to be paid for motherhood, will be morally revolting to every self-respecting wife. . . . The younger generation of franchise-seekers consider the vote the merest tool, a means to an end--that end being a complete social revolution." Winifred Harper Cooley (daughter of Ida Husted Harper, official suffrage historian of National American Suffrage Association), "Harpers's Weekly," Sept. 27, 1913. "I believe in Woman Suffrage whether all women vote or no women vote; whether all women vote or no women vote; whether all women vote right or all women vote wrong; whether women will love their husbands after they vote or forsake them; whether they will neglect their children or never have any children." Rev. Anna Howard Shaw ("N.Y. Evening Post," Feb. 25, 1915). "Many of us have left our children at home in the care of their fathers, and now we don't have to hide that." Mrs. Norman de R. Whitehouse, President New York State Woman Suffrage Party (Nov. 21, 1917) "An economic earthquake has shaken the old home to pieces. The foundations are crumbling, the walls are spread, the winds of the world blow through. The nation, the State, the municipality, have stepped in, assumed practical control of the family in the most intimate relations and are "over parents." The conception of government as an over-parent I would consider primarily and resolve upon understanding." Pamphlet issued by National American Woman Suffrage Association. Degradation of Marriage "I have this much to say, and that is that the marriage ceremony should be cut out. It is useless and has served its day. . . . I have always believed in making the ceremony fit the occasion. In other words, I have a different service for each marriage. The principals consult me beforehand and we prepare the vows. It is for this reason that the pledge is always different, according to the view and convictions of the couples." Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, from authorized special interview, Philadelphia "North American," June 14, 1914. "Any woman who is kept by a man, whether in marriage or not, is either a parasite or a prostitute." Mrs. Havelock Ellis (English prominent suffragist-feminist playwright, "Forum," April, 1913. Woman's economic profit comes through the power of sex-attraction. When we confront this fact boldly and plainly in the open market of vice, we are sick with horror. When we see the same economic law made permanent, established by laws, sanctioned and sanctified by religion, covered with flowers and incense. . . we think it innocent, lovely, and right. The transient trade we think evil. The bargain for life we think good. But the biological effect is the same. In both cases the female gets her food from the male by virtue of her sex-relationship to him, . . . perhaps even more in marriage because of its perfect acceptance of the situation." Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Women and Economics, page 63. Suffrage is but part of the greater propaganda of Feminism. . . . With marriage they (the feminists) are perhaps most concerned. . . . They are emphatically arrays against modern marriage, which they look upon as a slave union. . . . The ultimate aim of Feminism with regard to marriage is the practical suppression of marriage and the institution of free alliance." W. L. George ("Atlantic Monthly," Dec., 1913), Suffrage publicist and lecturer. "I do not believe that the present marriage system is sacred or good." Rev. Geo. D. Herron, Socialist-Suffragist, who, by desertion of his wife and children, embarking on a "free love" alliance with Miss Rand (of the Rand School of Socialism," New York), have demonstration of "Applied Feminism." Herron, with Lincoln Steffens, were envoys from the United States to Lenine and Trotzky's Bolshevik government. "A woman whose temperament has urged her into an irregular union may be obeying her own inner law, and may be, in all but conventional reputation, a highly moral person. Feminists are inclined to believe that marriage should be less lightly entered into than at present and more easily terminated. My own view is that divorce without detriment to the standing of either party is the solution towards which we are drawing, and I find this view shared by the great mass of feminists with whose words or writings I have come in contact." Mrs. Beatrice Forbes Robertson Hale, in "What Women Want," published in 1915 and commended by Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt as "final authority on the subject." "We do not put any fence around men, and we insist that they shall not put any around us either." Marie Jeney Howe (Mrs. Frederic C.), at suffrage meeting, Cooper Union, New York City. "We have talked about political equality for women and economic independence for women and amid a snarl of feminist ideals we have lost sight of the fact that men need never be disturbed about losing their political superiority or their economic superiority so long as they hold, as they are holding, to the stark, fundamental assertion of sex superiority. Or so long as women permit themselves to be pickled in sex. Here is the place where we need more light and less foghorn. "A radical change in sex aspects--sex canons- -is more important than any changes in the educational system of women, important as such changes may be. It is more important even than their complete enfranchisement." Helen Ring Robinson, Colorado State Senator and suffrage lecturer ("Pictorial Review," May, 1919). "Any woman who allows her father, brother, or even her husband to be the only wage earner in the family is no better than a kept woman of the streets." Mrs. Philip Snowden, of England (suffrage lecturer in United States). Hall of Industrial Education, Dayton, Ohio, 1913. "In this society (An Unconventional Society) the impulses of sex will not be restricted in their expression to conjugality nor will conjugality itself be considered as necessarily a habit for a lifetime. Marriage will be open to all, but it will be approved of merely for those who find themselves in a period of sexual indolence engaged, for example, in childbearing or in some pressing economic routine." Elsie Clews Parsons (Mrs. Herbert Parsons), Feminist and prominent suffrage leader, in "Fear and Conventionality," pp. 205-218. "FATHERLESS CHILDREN" "The child, by the act of its birth, is made legitimate. Every woman has the right to limit the number of children she shall bear, and the right to know how to restrict the size of her family. Society need more sexuality in the broader interpretation of the term. Some women are almost insane to be mothers and they should under no social obligations to kill their child. Woman's assertion of her right to motherhood is a revolution and no one can stop it." Professor W. I. Thomas, Chicago University, chief speaker, advocating the right to motherhood of unmarried women, at Suffrage Convention, presided over by Rev. Anna H. Shaw, president National Suffrage Association, held at La Salle Hotel, Chicago, June 9, 1915. ("Chicago Journal.") "The address (of Professor Thomas) has set every woman who heard it thinking. . . . Political emancipation is not the only emancipation. There is a greater freedom which woman must gain. The freedom of social relations. . . . Professor Thomas took the proper place to present those views." Rev. Anna Howard Shaw, commenting upon Professor Thomas' speech at Suffrage Convention, June 9, 1915 ("Chicago Journal.") "One feature manifests itself, and it that is a change of attitude in woman with regard to the child. Indications in modern novels and modern conversation are not wanting to show that a type of woman is arising who believes in a new type of matriarchate; that is to say, in a state of society where man will not figure in the life of woman except as the father of her child." W. L. George ("Atlantic Monthly," Dec., 1913.) "The Freewoman must produce within her- self strength sufficient to provide for herself and for those of whom nature has made her the natural guardian, her children. . . . She must be in a position to bear children if she wants them without soliciting maintenance from any man, whoever he may be." Dora Marsden, A.B., in copyright pamphlet re-printed by National Suffrage Association, from "The Freewoman," best-known Suffrage organ in England. "For many reasons it may be argued that it is expedient for a couple to marry if they have children, but none of them worth discussion has an ethical basis. . . . The whole edifice of life marriage will at last fall to the ground." The Freewoman (as above) (Vol. 1, p. 153) Resolutions urging laws legitimatizing chilren born out of wedlock, including rights of the child to the father's name and to inherit property of both parents, were unanimously adopted by the National Council of Women at its convention in St. Louis, Mo., Nov. 14, 1919. Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt and Miss Lucy E. Anthony were elected governors to the International Council which will be held in Norway in September, 1920. "N. Y. Sun," Nov. 15, 1919. A "THIRD SEX" IN POLITICS "What is Feminism? A world-wide revolt against all artificial barriers which laws and customs interpose between women and human freedom." Mrs. C. C. Catt, President, National American Woman Suffrage Association. Signed articles, "Woman's Journal," Official Suffrage Organ. "THE CASE FOR WOMAN SUFFRAGE" "Too many advocates of woman suffrage insist that when woman is enfranchised, she will be no less 'womanly' than before, whereas, in point of fact, perhaps the chief thing to be said for the suffrage is precisely that it will make woman less womanly, in the commonly accepted sense of the term. . . . One cannot argue logically on woman suffrage without facing this fact." A bibliography of Suffrage Literature published by the College Equal Suffrage League and sold by the National American Woman Suffrage Association. "The gaining of the vote is, in the Feminists' view, nothing but an affair of outposts. Conscious propagandists do not intend to allow the female vote to be split. . . . They intend to use the vote to make women vote as women, and not as citizens; that is to say, they propose to sell the female vote on bloc to the party that bids highest for it. . . . Side by side with this purely political action, Feminists intend to use industrial strikes in exactly the same manner as do the syndicalists. . . . And when they are strong enough, hold up the society itself." W. L. George ("Atlantic Monthly," Dec. 1913) The League of Women Voters (reorganized National Suffrage Association) . . . "is for the purpose of preventing the disintegration of women in the fifteen states where suffrage has been granted." Mary Garrett Hay, 1st vice-president, National Suffrage Association, co-founder with Mrs. C. C. Catt of League of Women Voters (non-partisan "sex league"), operating as a Republican as member National Republican Committee. The League of Women Voters is "a scheme under which an attempt will be made to enroll all the present and future women voters of the country into one union to obtain political control of the United States Government." "N. Y. Evening Sun," March 21, 1919. "If the social stigma were taken off the prostitute, if she were no longer a segregated person, prostitution might then become in the sense of a division of labor more consistent with a democratic view. . . . "It would therefore seem well . . . to encourage early trial marriage, the relation to be entered into with a view of breaking it if it proved unsuccessful and in the absence of offspring without suffering any degree of public condemnation." Elsie Clews Parsons ("The Family," p. 348) "There is a grand army of non-maternal women, who have been finding themselves during the last twenty-five or thirty years, and who care more for liberty than for any happiness their mere sex can give them. This army is growing wider and wider awake every moment, more lustful of power, of complete independence; and it increases in numbers at an incredible rate. "When women have achieved full liberty, . . . and stand squarely on their own two feet, they will be just as rapacious, just as dishonest, just as sharp and overreaching as conditions and the law will permit. . . . They will fight man at his own game, and, it may be, eat him up." Gertrude Atherton, Feminist-Suffragist. "At present, in the whole world there are only a few new men. Their numbers are increasing yearly, but still fall far short of the new woman. Every male instinct of domination and sovereignty has to be bred out of the individual before you can attain the status of the new man and be a fit mate for the new woman. . . . The new man has to unlearn these deep-rooted habits and instincts of sex. The important fact for women to realize is that this nation . . . is the nation where the new type of man is most rapidly developing." Beatrice Forbes Robertson Hale, suffrage leader and speaker (in "What Women Want," chapter "The New Man.") "It is only a mere matter of time until the women will make the laws and the men will make the beds." Alice Stroebel, Milwaukee suffrage leader (Menominee "Herald," April 2, 1919). "Any legislation that will do for man we will abide by most cheerfully. . . . Undo what man did for us and strike out all special legislation for us. We do not tax man to take care of us. . . . These women who are called masculine . . . this is our type of womanhood. Will you help us to raise it up?" Susan B. Anthony (author of Susan B. Anthony Federal Suffrage Amendment). before N. Y. State Legislature, 1860. "We had to make England and every department of English life insecure and unsafe. We had to make English law a failure, and the courts farce comedy theatres. We had to discredit the Government and Parliament in the eyes of the world. We had to spoil English sports, hurt business, destroy valuable property, demoralize the world of society, shame the churches, upset the whole orderly conduct of life." Mrs. Emmeline Pankhurst, in "My Own Story," p. 280. "I would never be in favor of woman suffrage if it did nothing but harm." Rev. Anna Howard Shaw, April 26, 1913 (before Committee on Woman Suffrage, U. S. Senate). "The trouble is that the women will not stop there (with gaining the ballot). Other questions of sex are vexatious and with which I heartily disagree. The one great argument of the feminist is that it will make better men. As I see it it will make looser women. Here comes a feminist who advocates woman choosing the father of her child. In a single stroke she would break down the barriers that have protected the legitimacy of our children for centuries. . . . The greatest problem that confronts the courts of our cities today is that of illegitimate birth. . . . The very protection that is asked by the courts (for unfortunate women and illegitimate children) has been turned about by feminists to mean greater laxity in the marriage problem. . . . If the ideas that these faddists continue to create grow and spread, the only thing I can see ahead is loose morals and loose marriage laws." Judge Ben B. Lindsey, of Denver, Col. ("Cincinnati Commercial Tribune," Jan. 17, 1914.) "Colorado has perfected the science of corrupting men. Its judges, its supreme court judges are owned like office boys. Its lawyers, its business men, all are owned. There are, of course, fearless men, but they have paid a heavy price for their fearlessness." Judge Ben Lindsey, of Colorado, testifying before Federal Commission on Industrial Relations in session in New York, May 28, 1914. "THE WOMAN'S BIBLE." (From "The Woman's Bible," compiled by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, first president National Woman Suffrage Association, copyrighted 1895. On the revisory committee appear the names of Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, Mrs. Robert Ingersoll, Mrs. Helen H. Gardner, Lucinda B. Chandler, and other women of their faith and order.) "We have made a fetich of the Bible long enough, and it has been the great block in the way of civilization." "The Christian theory of the sacredness of the Bible has been at the cost of the world's civilization. . . . We are investigating the influence of the Bible upon woman under Judaism and Christianity, and pronounce it evil." Matilda Joslyn Gage, also of the revising committee. "We are told the whole sex was highly honored in Mary being the mother of Jesus. Surely a wise and virtuous son is more indebted to his mother than she is to him and is honored only by reflecting her superior characteristics. Why the founders of the Christian religion did not improvise an earthly father as well as an earthly mother does not clearly appear. The questionable position of Joseph is unsatisfactory. As Mary belonged to the Jewish aristocracy she should have had a husband of the same rank. If a Heavenly Father was necessary, why not a Heavenly Mother? If an earthly mother was admirable, why not an earthly father?" "But when millions have for centuries been brought up to believe that the Bible is the inspired revelation from God, its influence has been mischievous in a thousand ways." Sarah A. Underwood, a member of the revising committee, on page 191 in the appendix. "Our government and religion are alike essentially masculine in their origin and development. All the evils that have resulted from dignifying one sex and degrading the other may be traced to this central error: a belief in a trinity of masculine gods in one, from which the feminine element is wholly eliminated." (From "Official History of Woman Suffrage," published by National American Suffrage Association.) SOCIALISM DOVETAILS FEMINISM "Socialist women know that there is no definite point where their work for suffrage stops and their work for socialism begins. They know that the two dovetail and even overlap, so that a Socialist woman often appears to be doing the one when she is most decidedly doing the other." Anita Block, editor Woman's Dept., "N. Y. Call" (Socialist organ), Dec. 17, 1916. "Woman suffrage would increase corruption. But what of it? Women are morally as bad as men. Politically they are worse. . . . Good government is not what we are after." Lincoln Steffens, Socialist. (Published in pamphlet of speeches of "eminent suffragists," under reprint National American Suffrage Association.) "We are now approaching a social revolution, in which the old economic foundations of monogamy will disappear. Monogamy arose through the concentration of considerable wealth in one hand -- a man's hand -- and from the endeavor to bequeath this wealth to the children of this man to the exclusion of all others. . . . The impending social revolution will reduce this whole care of inheritance to a minimum by changing at least the overwhelming part of permanent and inheritable wealth -- the means of production -- into social property. Since monogamy was caused by economic conditions, it will disappear when these causes are abolished." Marx and Engels, in "Origin of the Family," p. 91 (founders of modern Socialism). "Socialism annihilates family life. . . . With the abolition of private property, marriage in its present form must disappear. This is part of the program. . . . It converts the abolition of legal restraint into a form of freedom that will help the full development of personality, and make the love of man and woman more wonderful, more beautiful, and more ennobling." Oscar Wilde, in "The Soul of Man Under Socialism," published in California. "In the new community woman is entirely independent. . . . Human beings must be in a position to act as freely where their strongest impulse is concerned as in the case of any other natural instinct." "Woman," by August Bebel, Socialist authority. "Woman should be free from all the limitations of law, of dogma, and of custom." Max Eastman, Socialist, editor "The Masses," suppressed by postal authorities, now "The Liberator"; founder Men's League for Woman Suffrage; one of chief national suffrage speakers. (Note: "The Masses," in Jan., 1916, published a blasphemous ballad on the birth of Christ. In the next issue a public appeal by prominent suffragists for funds to support "The Masses" appeared, signed by Mrs. Norman deR. Whitehouse, head New York State Suffrage Association, reading, in part, as follows: "In cartoon, in verse, in editorial, in story, 'The Masses' has stood for us all along the line as no other magazine in America has. When we fight for suffrage, for economic freedom, for professional opportunities, for scientific sex knowledge, there stands 'The Masses,' always understanding and always helping. "Max Eastman, Floyd Dell, Art Young and the rest are genuine warm-hearted feminists. They like us and want us to win." ("Masses", February, 1916.) In this disgusting sheet the National American Woman Suffrage Association, for more than a year, addressed a standing advertisement to "Socialist- Suffragists" entitled, "What to Read on Woman Suffrage," headed by Max Eastman's pamphlets ridiculing the "home and mother sentiment.") "With the transformation of the means of production into collective property the monogamous family ceases to be the economic unit of society. The private household changes to a social industry. The care and education of children becomes a public matter. Society cares equally well for all children, legal or illegal. This removes the care about the 'consequences' which now forms the essential social factor--moral and economic--hindering a girl to surrender unconditionally to the beloved man. Will not this be a sufficient cause for a gradual rise of a more unconventional intercourse of the sexes and a more lenient public opinion regarding virgin honor and female shame?" Marx and Engels, in "Origin of the Family," pp. 91-92. "The ballot in itself means nothing. What prompts the fight for the ballot in England and America is a fight for sex independence, a fight women are making--and which eventually they will win--because women, given economic independence plus the ballot, will then be started on the road toward her right to exact a recognition of the fact that she is entitled to exercise her God-given impulses as much as a man is." Countess of Warwick, lecturer in United States on Socialism-Suffrage. Compiled By Women Voters' Anti-Suffrage Party Headquarters, 268 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. SOME REASONS WHY WE OPPOSE THE SUFFRAGE; ITS EFFECT ON THE STATE MRS. ROWLAND G. HAZARD ISSUED BY The Rhode Island Association Opposed to Woman's Suffrage [*A) But the basis of free government is the consent of the governed. Without the consent of the governed it is tyranny.*] The greater part of this article was written at the request of the Providence Journal in the autumn of 1911, in reply to one of three questions addressed to the Suffragists and to those opposed to the Suffrage. Some Reasons Why We Oppose the Suffrage; Its Effect on the State. ——— "Lady, there is a truth of settled laws That down the past burns like a great watch fire; Let youth hail changeful mornings, but your cause Whetting its edge to cut the race in two, Is Felony." —George Meredith. [*a*] We believe woman's suffrage will not be a benefit to the state because the basis of government is force. Its stability rests upon its physical power to enforce its laws. Much confusion might be saved if this questions was always discussed on the broadest lines as a sex question. When the statement is made that "man stands behind his vote," it is meant that man as a sex stands behind his vote, which is indisputably true, although men are not all required or all able to fight. [*Illegal to put force behind vote.*] [*Twaddle—*]. Woman as a sex would not and could not stand behind her vote, although there may be individual women fitted for military or police duty. Suffragists declare that woman does not want protection or privileges, but "only the right to fight for her rights." It would seem little less than inhuman to withdraw the protection now given working women, and the special legislative privileges enjoyed by women generally in this country, such as the right of dower, now no longer existent in the suffrage States, the husband's liability for support and debts of his wife (in some suffrage States the wife is liable for her husband's support and debts), etc., etc. But if these advantages are continued when the franchise is given, woman becomes a highly privileged class in the electorate instead of a privileged sex outside of it. Has it occurred to suffragists that, when woman has the franchise, any oppressive employer of labor might evade laws giving special protection or privileges to women on the ground that such laws, being class legislation, are unconstitutional? The suffragist can give little help in such a dilemma, for how can she demand immunities and privileges which man does not have, for a section of society which she has declared is on an absolute equality with man? 3 It is often claimed also that woman should vote, because there are questions affecting woman's welfare which man cannot rightly understand, but, if this is true, the converse must also be true, that there are many masculine questions impossible to be rightly decided from a feminine point of view. As Mr. Gilbert Tucker says:-- "On the broad questions, those bearing upon the question of the election of the President of the United States and members of Congress, it is obvious that female suffrage, by doubling the present vote, can be justified only on the supposition that the majority of women are, on the whole, more likely to form correct opinions, such for instance as those relating to the tariff, than are the majority of men. If their opinions average only as high in wisdom as those of the majority of men, nothing would be gained in doubling the vote. If they average rather below those of men in knowledge of these subjects and wisdom in deciding on them, there would be a distinct loss. Does any sane being suppose that the majority of women are really better able to pass on such questions than are the majority of men?" Economists must decide whether it makes for the stability of a government to rest upon an electorate, one-half of which is not only largely non-taxpaying, and a privileged class, but is composed of non-combatants, exempt from the execution of the laws they make. It is the opinion of many that in such cases the laws become recommendations rather than compulsory laws. According to an English authority: -- "Suffrage or no suffrage, her relations to man will always remain consultative [*rich*] and never become compulsory. Where she has a vote already, as in Finland and New Zealand, the appearance of political power is illusory. The laws now passed by those countries are no longer laws, for they are no longer compulsory commands, which is the definition of laws. They are pious expressions of opinion disguised in statute form. When they meet with men's general approval, they are tolerated. When they do not they tumble to pieces, as the New Zealand arbitration act has done." It may be added as of interest in relation to New Zealand, that, in spite of its being a new country, with a large number of unmarried males, the proportion of unmarried women is unusually large, and the marriage rate is below that of 11 civilized countries. [*no argument*] One immediate result of woman's suffrage is shown in some western states where, we are told by Mr. F. S. Grant, "women juries, women chiefs of police and woman suffrage generally are destroying the credit of Western cities." [*He is very much mistaken*] He said that "the towns in his section of the country where women have partial suffrage find it hard to get Eastern capital to purchase municipal bonds, and are paying a higher rate of interest than cities of a similar size in the same vicinity where woman suffrage is not in vogue. [*Where? Untrue*] Especially are women juries in civil cases the cause of much concern to business men," according to Mr. Grant. [*What kind of business men.*] "Their lack of training, and complete absence of everything but feminine 4 ideas concerning things they know nothing about, lead many parties to civil suits to waive jury trials and rely upon a single judge's opinion," he declared. 2. "Because it means simply doubling the vote, and especially the undesirable and corrupt vote, of our large cities." [*? Untrue*] A fact in regard to the naturalization laws seriously affecting this question is perhaps not generally known. The law requires of an alien man three years residence, certain educational and other tests, but "an alien woman whose husband becomes a naturalized citizen of the United States is thereby made a citizen, even though she has not attained her majority, or does not come to the United States until afer his death." When we have the franchise, then, many an immigrant woman, knowing not a word of English, might vote on landing--a condition not likely to redeem the ignorant vote. As to the corrupt vote, Miss Sumner says that in Colorado "Prostitutes generally vote, and their vote is cast solidly for the party in control of the police force. * * * Neither is it surprising to learn that the prostitutes vote not only once but more than once. Whenever repeating is to be done, their aid naturally is required." [*Book, P. 83 So do men crooks when they dare. Also true of men.*] Judge Lindsay also says: "If a woman wants a political job, she will stand for iniquity. If she is afraid of losing her job, she will do the same thing." We have a recent example of what we may expect in the way of the promised purification of the polls in the action of the New York school teachers who were active in the "equal pay fight." These women are certainly above the average of education and intelligence; yet they worked for the election of the worst Tammany candidates for Assemblymen in the recent election. Does anyone imagine they believed them suitable candidates? Miss Strachan did not urge their election on those grounds; only that "they had been their friends." "The Colorado Legislature, which enjoys the distinction of being the only Legislature with women members, passed at its recent session, in spite of indignant protests of the decent element of the public, and the strong opposition of the Governor, a bill to legalize race-track gambling. [*a bill to promote agriculture & livestock raising. Horse breeding.*] All four women members voted for the bill. The Governor, himself a Suffragist, vetoed the measure, and, in his message to the Legislature, thus referred to the women concerned: 'Let this bill become a law, and the finger of scorn and ridicule will ever after be pointed at the influence of woman's franchise in State affairs,' " [*Jokes in bill someone recanted. Nearly all men said they didnt understand the bill.*] The Hon. Alma Lafferty, a member of the lower branch of the Legislature, said in regard to taking the franchise away from the women of Colorado: "I see no more reason for disfranchising the women than the men, but I know that men are desperately opposed to the campaign measures employed by women, and that they would embrace the opportunity to express their opposition if it came to a popular vote. In this past campaign they saw women fight with slander as their only weapon. They do not [*Men have probably never used slander in politics. The race track bill was so absurdly drawn to conceal its real purpose that it fooled not only four women members of Col. Legis., but ten times as many men members*] 5 regard it as ethical in politics to battle this way, and I heard many of them characterize it as the fault of the women. Men say 'if that is the way women contest, we are against letting them in the game.'" [*If women counter men in the crookedness of politics they will be wonders. It cannot be contended that all womens worst needs always be right in a game new to them. They may at first make the mistake of using political methods that men have used when in desperate need of winning at any cost. Sometimes, at first glance, it seems justifiable to fight the devil with fire.*] 3. "Because women now stand outside of politics, and therefore are free to appeal to any party in matters of education, charity and reform." [*This "appeal" will be more effectual if they be allowed to cast a ballot. Women should not have to "appeal" for the rights of their children.*] Let us not confuse woman's civic rights and duties with political rights and duties. Emerson says, "Civilization is the power of good women." To give the vote to women is to curtail the power of good women, and give new powers to the bad, not now a political force to be reckoned with. Any reform not accomplished by political methods appears to suffragists as "indirect" and "needlessly long and hard," whereas everything already accomplished by women in the way of civic or other reform is added proof that she does not need the ballot to be a power in the State. In fact, it is the experience of women who have brought about reforms, that success came only because of complete independence of all parties, and obvious disinterestedness. Few people, even in New York, know how that State obtained her equal guardianship law. Mrs. G. W. Townsend of Buffalo, who has been identified with every forward movement in woman's behalf for years, and who says, "My experience for 18 years as President of the Women's Education and Industrial Union, in close relations with all classes of women, has led me to believe that the ballot given to women at the present time would be more of a hindrance than a help," gives the following account of how the law was passed. "Knowing that the woman's suffragists had been working for long years to secure equal guardianship, our Union was especially careful that the Suffrage Association should not know of the Union's effort until after the law was passed. I remember that Miss Anthony called to see me as soon as she heard of it, and said, 'How did you accomplish this great good and not let us know?' and I answered, 'Because we did not let you know.' I think I was justified in saying that, because many men in both houses were so opposed to woman suffrage that they would not have voted for our bills. [*This is a grave charge against man suffragists. The statement here made is that men legislators would have defeated a worthy measure if it had been championed by woman suffragists, because they are opposed to suffrage and would thereby hope to hinder it.*] The guardianship bill was passed without a negative vote in either house, and the woman physician bill with only three negative votes, and there was great opposition by physicians and others to that. The work was done in a systematic manner, circulars giving full information with regard to laws in other States and as to what we desired to accomplish and reasons therefore were sent to every legislator. There was no lobbying, and, in fact, it was not necessary for me to go to Albany at all." [*The only argument against suffrage that has even any semblance of force is: that since in war man must do the fighting to protect home and country, thus assuming the burden of government, that to him should accrue all the duties, obligations and privilege of government. But have men ever, ever in war, outdone someone in love of country, in sacrifice, zeal and devotion? She nurses the sick and wounded, she gives up husband and sons; she remains, to feed clothe and rear the minor children. In such public calamity as war, neither sex excels the other in courage or devotion. Each in its own way lays up on the "country's altar the best that is in him or her. It is harder for the bereft mother to struggle alone and rear her children than to die at the front in the excitement of battle.*] [*Sara M Alges*] L. E. Thiel, 1412 York St., Denver, Col. [*RI Antis*] The precedingletter containing intimations of a boycott has been sent by the R. I. Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage to the leading stores in the city. While it is not the usual policy of suffragists to enter into controversial relations with this organisation, there are certain things which it is neither right nor possible to ignore. The Woman Suffrage Party wishes to present [its view] to the shop-keepers and the public its view of an unpleasant situation which has arisen in connection with the decoration of the shop windows. When the question of uniting in the national celebration otherwise known as Woman's Independence Day which is to take place on May 2nd, was discussed, various methods of interesting the public were suggested. One of them was that the stores would probably be pleased to participate in making Gala Day by combining the suffrage colors in effective decorations [*of shop windows*], each showing his enterprise by some novel and artistic combination as they have done in most of the larger cities. Accordingly a committee was formed to consult with some of our leading merchants in regard to celebrating in this manner and by the display not only present an artistic window but encourage home industries by the introduction of suffrage wares. In other words, we asked our booksellers to display their suffrage books, our paper manufacturers their suffrage novelties and our dry goods merchants effective suitings in white and yellow. When some of them laughingly asked us if they should make a similar display for the Anti-suffragists we told them that there was not the slightest objection on our part, provided the anti-suffragists wished their wares displayed in public. There was no question in any of our minds or the minds of the merchants consulted that there was any other motive than the supply of a demand for a certain class of merchandise. Accepting the suggestion in the same manner that it was intended, a large number of our shop keepers entered most willingly into the spirit of the celebration and it was not until the receipt of the preceding letter that they felt any doubts on the subject. Since then objections have come into the Woman Suffrage Party office and we wish by this statement to relieve any merchant of all promises that he may have made in the matter, and have him understand that should he fail to decorate, the Woman Suffrage Party in no wise threatens boycott nor intends to penalize [*him*] in any way. [It is a matter of very little importance and] [*[While we welcome any all independent]*] We wish it emphatically understood that there is no desire on the part of the Woman Suffrage Party to place anyone of our shop keepers in an embarrassing position [*and leave it to the individual judgement of each [to decide the issue] to take any action [he may deem best] the occasion warrants.*] Secretary, Mrs A. G. Harkness 7 Cooke Street Treasurer, Mrs. Elisha H. Howard 208 Governor Street Rhode Island Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage Standing Committee Mrs. George J. Arnold Mrs. Susan Ballou Mrs. G. Alder Blumer Mrs. John Cady Mrs. Thomas H. Carrique Mrs. Wallace Chandler Miss J. Coggeshall Mrs. W. H. Durfee Mrs. R. I. Gammell Mrs. William Gammell Mrs. F. S. Hoppin Officers President Mrs. Rowland G. Hazard Vice Presidents Miss Louise C. Hoppin Mrs. Howard O. Sturges Mrs. Stephen O. Metcalf Newport Branch Hon. Chairman, Mrs. Joseph Howland Chairman, Mrs. Charles Weaver Secretary, Mrs. Ernest Howe Standing Committee Mrs. E. L. Johnson Mrs. C. W. Lippitt Mrs. Herbert E. Maine Miss M. I. Merrill Mrs. J. K. H. Nightingale Miss Mary C. Smith Mrs. Chas. J. Steedman Miss M. E. Todd Mrs. H. A. DuVillard Mrs. W. W. Weeden Peace Dale, R. I., April 17, 1914. Dear Sir: - The Suffragists of Rhode Island have advertised as a part of their campaign during the week beginning April 26th, the decoration of stores, hotels and restaurants in the suffrage colors. In case you have been approached in this matter, we desire to call to your attention the fact that such procedure on your part will antagonize a large number of your customers. The Rhode Island Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage numbers nearly 3500 women of the class most valuable as purchasers, being largely composed of home-keeping women and housekeepers. We think you may like to be aware of the fact that Suffragists, though so much in evidence, are very far from being a majority of Rhode Island women. Yours truly, Mary P. B. Hazard Louise C. Hoppin K. M. Harkness J. Coggeshall Clara E. Maine OBJECTIONS. 1. If women are usurping men's places now, what would happen if they got the vote? 2. Woman will not marry when they get the vote. 3. How would you like to see a woman in the President's chair? 4. No self-respecting woman would care to mix in the dirty pool of politics. 5. Nobody loves a suffragist. 6. Only a few disgruntled old maids want to vote. 7. Women think too much of clothes to vote intelligently. 8. Politics is no real lady's game. 9. What do women know of the tariff? 10. We will have a petticoat government. 11. Woman is already represented in government. 12. Only the bad women will vote. 13. The ballot must be backed up by the bullet, and women cannot fight. 14. Votes for women is only a fad. 15. Women cannot be policemen. 16. Women would all want to hold office. 17. Women are too emotional for politics. 18. There would be no homes if women voted. 19. Women don't know enough to vote. 20. Men would respect women less. 21. Men's brains are larger than women's. 22. Women would not use the ballot even if they had the power to vote. 85-95% vote in states where they can vote 23. Woman suffrage would only increase the vote without changing the result. 24. Women will vote as the men of their household tell them to. 25. The ballot is not worth much anyhow, so why extend it to women? 26. How would you like to see women jurors? 27. Woman suffrage would plunge the country into woe. 28. Women are too radical. 29. Women are too conservative. 30. Women do not know anything about business. 31. The Church would dictate the woman vote. 32. Women would vote the country dry. 33. Women would vote for the best-looking men. 34. Women would become mannish. 35. Who would take care of the baby if women voted? 36. When a majority of the women want the vote they will get it. 37. If women are militant in order to get the vote, is it not true that they will use militancy to enforce their demands when they are voters? 38. Have not women suffered enough, without giving them the suffrage? 39. Women would lose all their charm and grace if given the suffrage. 40. What will women do with the ballot if they get it? 41. Only eccentric women want the suffrage. 42. Women couldn't stoke a ship, why should they vote? 43. Women would vote contrary to their husbands, and thus produce quarrels in the home. 44. Woman suffrage would increase divorce. 45. Women have inherited property while men have earned theirs, and consequently the taxation argument has no weight. 46. What's wrong with the present government that women could right? 47. Have women voters secured one law that would not have been enacted without them? 48. Nature made man the head of woman in all things. 49. Men are liable to militia duty; therefore they have the vote. 50. The removal of former restraints about women has already added to immorality- the vote will increase it. 51. If women compose a majority of the winning in an election, and men the majority of the losing party, there will be war and women cannot defend their votes. What then? -3- 52. Women are appointed to be queens of the home. 53. I put women on a pedestal where I can look up to them. 54. I would not drag women down to the level of men. 55. Politics is a dirty mire which will corrupt the purity of women. 56. Woman suffrage will increase the ignorant vote. 57. Woman suffrage will increase the foreign vote. 58. My mother was a woman, my wife is a woman, I love them, bless them and I'd save them from the vote. 59. "Men are men and women are women." 60. Women have too many rights already. 61. I have all the rights I want. 62. Women will lose the chivalry of men. 63. Woman suffrage is a privilege, not a right. 64. Woman suffrage is a duty. 65. The home is women's sphere, the State is man's. 66. The women will all smoke when they vote. 67. Haven't women gained property rights and much else without the vote, why not every other thing they want? 68. Women will be insulted at the polls. 69. The boss will buy the wife's vote along with the husband's, and he will get the money. 70. Women couldn't qualify to vote for they will not tell their ages. 71. Woman suffrage would put the United States in the hands of the Catholics. 72. Woman suffrage is a Socialistic doctrine. 73. Woman suffrage would retard Socialism. 74. Woman suffrage would interfere with the rights of men. 75. The men will have to wash the dishes and darn their stockings when women vote. 76. Women will all be strap-hangers in the cars when women vote. 77. I'd rather see my wife dead than voting. -4- 78. I wouldn't live with a woman who was a voter. 79. All women workers receive consideration at the hands of employers, which with votes they would lose. 80. Women stenographers are never asked to do extra work as are men stenographers. 81. Man is the oak and woman the clinging vine. 82. Women would make more mistakes in voting than men and confuse the count. 83. Doubting the vote will enormously increase the expenses of election, why increase taxation to do this? 84. No considerable number of women have shown that they want the vote. 85. "I am opposed to woman suffrage by instinct, and more when I think about it." 86. Women have not so clear a sense of justice as men. 87. Woman's duty is motherhood, not politics." 88. What have women done to earn the ballot? 89. There are no great women in history. 90. Politics is war. 91. Woman suffrage will throw the south into the control of the Negroes 92. There are more women smugglers than men, which shows that they have less respect for the law. 93. If a woman voluntarily puts on a skirt which prevents her from stepping into a street car with safety, what can she know of liberty? 94. Half the women have long bows and feathers on their hats extending far behind them, and endangering the eyes of their neighbors; such absence of regard for others shows they have no public conscience. 95. Woman was made for love, man for work. 96. Women workers decrease the wages of men. They should be sent back to the home. 97. If women workers continue to increase, men will turn over to them the support of the home. 98. Women are supported and therefore must not vote. 99. Women could be easily bribed by a new hat or a box of candy. 100. It will increase the number of women criminals. Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.