NAWSA Subject File Anti-Suffrage Literature Irish, John P ROCHESTER N Y POST EXPRESS OCTOBER 20, 1915 ''THE LIVELIEST MASS MEETING" THIS IS WHAT ANTIS PROMISE ROCHESTER VOTERS COLONEL IRISH TO SPEAK Will be Regular Old Fashioned Affair --Is Timed with Keen Political Sagacity. The anti-suffragists have decided to take up the gage of battle thrown down by the suffrage sachems of Monroe County. For some time the sachems have been insinuating more or less plainly that the supporters of the red rose did not have a mass meeting because they were afraid to face the test of popular enthusiasm. The suffragists pointed with pride to their two meetings, each attended by hundreds of women and a corporals guard of voters, and press-agented "great enthusiasm" with gusto. In the meantime the antis were silent but not idle. With good political sagacity they waited until the crushing blow of the Jersey defeat fell upon the suffragists and this morning announce a mass meeting for next Tuesday night, and furthermore they intend to hold it in Convention hall, the same auditorium which so recently echoed to the well- coached applause of the suffrage women. Nothing is to be lacking. Now that the suffragists have shot their bolt in the mass meeting line, as they themselves announce that they have the antis have sprung their surprise. Nor do they intend to leave off any of the trimmings, appropriate for the final weeks of a hot political campaign. In the belief that voters are sick of sociological lectures filled with sentiment and silent as to facts the antis intend to stage "a real, old-fashioned, mass meeting." From the advance announcements it will hark back to the days of "Tippecanoe and Tyler too" and the speeches are said to be full of the old-fashioned, sane and sensible wisdom of the forefathers. To Be Well Advertised. The meeting in Convention hall will be advertised, thoroughly advertised. Within a few days the city will be covered from one end to the other with hand bills and posters, street car advertising will strike the eyes of the voters every time they travel, there will be sandwich men galore, and decorated automobiles and wagons will parade the streets. If there is anyone in Rochester unaware next Tuesday night that the antis are going to have a mass meeting, it will be because he or she [???] and blind. [????] "Through Georgia" and "Yankee Doodle." At the meeting itself "Home Sweet Home," will be the significant motif. The oratory will be emphasized. Colonel John P. Irish, the man who fought suffrage in California, will tell his auditors a few home truths regarding the working of the new electoral regime in that state. There will be, say the organizers, less sentimentality and fewer platitudes, their places on the oratorical menu being taken by hard facts, which the suffragist speakers leave discreetly in the back ground. Among other results of the Jersey victory, to be emphasized at the mass meeting will be the absence of any tendency to "gloat" on the part of the antis. They were, they say, fully satisfied some time ago that Jersey would reject the amendment and see no reasons for particular rejoicing, saying "New Jersey has merely set the pace for New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania." A Valuable Theory However the suffragists are bending every effort to account for the defeat in a plausible manner. "Corruption" is a watch word with them and one ingenious lady even appealed to Webster unabridged for help. With the aid of this valuable volume, she discovered that only the female of the mosquito tribe is the biter and persecutor of the human race. This, she says, combined with the fact that the gentleman mosquito cannot even bite if he wants to do so, and the added fact that mosquitoes are the bane of Jerseyites, explains the great vote against the suffrage amendment. When this theory was brought to the attention of a prominent anti she remarked smiling, that there were several words in "Burgess Unabridged" which would apply to it. In connection with her remark about Burgess Unabridged this same woman told a story illustrating the effects of suffrage on the home. A prominent Rochestarian recently sent a check for $500 to an anti leader requesting her to use it as if coming from her personal bank account as he did not wish his wife and daughter, ardent suffs, to know that he was fighting them. He said something at the end of his letter about having "peace at any price." To return for a moment to that mass meeting. This is what the antis say about it themselves: "Put aside Tuesday night, October 26th. It will be the liveliest mass meeting to be held in the city this year, with all due respect to the republicans and democrats who promise to pull off some meetings during the last week of the campaign." ROCHESTER N Y TIMES OCTOBER 27, 1915 ANTIS HAVE THEIR INNING Col. Irish, of California, Presents Arguments Against Woman Suffrage. Colonel John P. Irish, of California, addressed an audience of anti-suffrage sympathizers last night in Convention Hall, and presented in convincing manner arguments as to why the suffrage amendment should be defeated by the voters of New York state this fall. The hall was well filled, men being seated downstairs and women in the balcony. President Rush Rhees, of the University, presided: W. Carl Engel sang, the Fifty-fourth Regiment band played old airs, and match boxes with the warning to vote "No" and a pink rose were distributed. A parade preceded the meeting. Colonel Irish said that man was created physically superior to woman that he might defend the laws that his ballot created. The majority of women do not want the ballot, he claimed, and woman suffrage has made conditions worse, rather than better, in states in which it has been adopted. "No government, whatever its form, can long endure without physical power to enforce its laws and protect its sovereignty," said Colonel Irish. "Every potential male voter holds the ballot under penalty; it is not a natural right, nor a privilege. It is a penalized responsibility. Every potential male voter must obey the call of the sheriff if summoned to quell violent defiance of the law. The militia, composed of potential voters, must obey the call of the state if the sheriff and posse comitatus fail to enforce order. "To join power to make the law and physical responsibility for its enforcement is the civic and sole reason for manhood suffrage." Referring to California, Colonel Irish said that only 20 per cent of the women there had wanted the ballot, and now they are the only ones who use it now that they have it. The 20 per cent, he said, have mastered every form of political trickery, and he read extracts from editorials in the San Francisco Examine, which had favored woman suffrage, but which now admits that the influence of women in politics has been injurious to the state. Colonel Irish was interrupted when a woman dressed in black approached the platform and laid a sealed envelope on the table. Colonel Irish opened the note and read as follows: "Any man that will go and make himself smaller than a church mouse going around the country talking against women ought to be tarred and feathered. He forgets he had a mother; or maybe he's like Topsy--he never had one." "Ladies and gentlemen, said the Colonel, with exaggerated politeness, [?] in reading this "I take great pleasure in [?] you as the best argument for suffrage produced this evening." BUFFALO NY NEWS OCTOBER 23, 1915 COLONEL IRISH RAPS WOMEN WHO VOTE Says Practices Followed in California Would Discredit Men. Colonel John P. Irish of California, an anti-suffrage speaker, addressed a large gathering of men and women in the banquet hall of the Hotel Statler this afternoon, advocating the defeat of suffrage amendment which will be voted on at the November election. In California, he declared, about 80 per cent, of the women never registered the remainder [?] who take an active interest in politics are professional politicians, and "generally make pests of themselves." The leading suffrage advocates of that state have declared, he said, that if men did the things which the women in politics they would not have any standing in society. That declaration resulted, he added, from practices which have grown up in comparatively short period of time that the women of California have had the franchise. BUFFALO NY COURIER OCTOBER 26, 1915 COL. IRISH DECRIES VOTES-FOR-WOMEN Col. John P. Irish of California yesterday spoke against woman suffrage to an audience of several hundred persons in the banquet hall of the Statler. Col. Irish, formerly an Iowan, is seventy-three years old. He based his remarks on a reply to a statement accredited to Supreme Court Justice Guy of New York, who, he said, was one of the marchers in the suffrage parade in New York city Saturday night. Mr. Irish said eighty per cent of women in California fail to register and that the twenty per cent who do vote are so arrogant in their practice they drive men from communities in which they live. Suffrage, he says, invites woman to leave her own empire, desert her own code, give up her spiritual union with man, to enter into competition with him in politics. Col. Irish spoke under auspice of the Man Suffrage association of New York. ROCHESTER NY TIMES OCTOBER 22, 1915 [?}ANTIS DON'T WANT TO WORK AT THE POLLS Ask Suggestion as to How to Get Their Reminders to Voters Election Day. MRS. BURTON ACTIVE She Will Speak in Neighborhood Towns. Plans for Convention Hall Meeting. Rochester men, say the anti-suffragists, have responded nobly to the call for an old-fashioned mass meeting like the one that will be held in Convention Hall next Tuesday evening. COL. JOHN P. IRISH Word has been received from Colonel John P. Irish, who will give the address, that nothing in the Rochester antis could do could please him more than conducting the meeting along the lines suggested. Practically all of Colonel Irish's life has been spent in California and [?] been in great demand [?] as a stump speaker on the Democratic side. Colonel is now 71 years old and started in as a campaign orator about the time he had his first vote. Early in his life he was sent to the Legislature from a strongly Republican district. Still later he became a newspaperman, becoming editor of the Alta California. When the question of votes for women came up in California he entered the lists in opposition to the cause. It has been said that suffrage, which won in California by only 3,000 votes, would have lost out had there been another speaker like Colonel Irish. While the antis are engaged on the big mass meeting they are also active along other lines. The burden of the speaking on the part of local antis falls on Mrs. Henry F. Burton, President of the Rochester Anti-Suffrage Society. Mrs. Burton speaks in Albion tonight at a mass meeting at the courthouse. Tomorrow at noon she speaks at the anti-suffragist headquarters in Auburn. Tomorrow evening she will speak at Aurora; Sunday evening in the North Baptist Church, this city, and Monday evening at the Second Baptist Church. While the big mass meeting is being held in Convention Hall Tuesday evening Mrs. Burton will address a meeting at the Brighton Presbyterian church. As a wind up of the campaign, Mrs. Burton will speak before a large mass meeting in COL. IRISH AGAIN Col. John P. Irish of California in a letter to the New York Tribune, makes a violent assault upon woman suffrage, declaring that the women voters are flagrantly lacking in principle, and specifying particularly as an illustration the frauds committed in the Bonynge-Shafroth election in Denver some years ago. Some of our readers may have forgotten the facts in that case. Col. Irish either does not know them or hopes that his readers will not remember them. Mrs. Maud Wood Park of Boston, while on a visit to Colorado, interviewed the District Attorney of Denver who tried the cases in connection with that election scandal. She secured from him a letter stating officially that 78 persons were informed against for taking part in those frauds, 76 men and two women. Sixty-six of the men were convicted. Eight more fled the State, and so were presumably guilty. The two women turned State's evidence. Anti-suffragists at the East have been harping upon the matter ever since with as much persistency as if the culprits had numbered 76 women to two men. If opponents of equal rights could show more women than men cheat at elections, they might feel that they had scored a point against equal suffrage. If the numbers of men and women cheating were about equal, it would not be an argument either way. But, since the women who cheat are so few in comparison, it is distinctly an argument for equal suffrage. Col. Irish insists that most of the women in the suffrage are opposed to the ballot. In 1912 an initiative petition for the repeal of woman suffrage was widely circulated in California. There were 121,000 men in the State who had actually cast their ballots against woman suffrage the year before. In addition, the claim had been loudly made that 80 per cent of the women were opposed. Both men and women were eligible to sign the initiative petition for its repeal. Yet, among men and women taken together, the enemies of equal rights failed to get the 32,000 signatures needed to re-submit the question. This fact speaks for itself. A.S.R. 6 THE REGISTER AND LE The Des Moines Register AND LEADER BY THE REGISTER AND TRIBUNE CO. (The Des Moines Leader, established 1848) (The Iowa State Register, established 1856) TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. BY MAIL OUTSIDE OF DES MOINES. Daily and Sunday Register and Leader, $6.00 per year. Daily, except for Sunday, $4.00 per year. Daily, except for Sunday, 40 cents per month. Sunday only, $2.00 per year. BY CARRIER OUTSIDE OF DES MOINES. Daily and Sunday Register and Leader, 15 cents per week. Daily, except Sunday, 10 cents per week. BY CARRIER IN DES MOINES. The Daily and Sunday Register and Leader and The Evening Tribune delivered by carrier anywhere in Des Moines or Valley Junction —thirteen papers a week—Morning, Evening and Sunday—15 cents a week. New York office—Metropolitan Tower. Chicago office—Peoples Gas Building, Suite 1164. Entered at Des Moines, Iowa, postoffice as second class matter. WEDNESDAY, MAY 24, 1916. PRIVATE BRANCH TELEPHONE EXCHANGE. Call Walnut 320 and ask for department wanted. Private exchange switchboard is open from 7:30 p. m. to 10:00 p. m. week days, except for Saturday. Saturday, 7:30 a. m. to 11:00 p. m. Sunday, 7:30 a. m. to 8:00 p. m. When private exchange is closed call departments by the following numbers: Walnut 320—City editor. Walnut 326—Sports department. Walnut 328—Society, clubs. Walnut 329—Long distance. Walnut 321—Editorial rooms. Walnut 322—Advertising. Walnut 323—Mail room. Walnut 324—Composing room. Walnut 325—Engraving department. Walnut 327—Press room. APRIL CIRCULATION—NET PAID Daily Register and Tribune . . . . . . 78,954 Des Moines Sunday Register . . . . . 60,321 Largest of any newspaper in any city of 150,000 in America. THE PARAMOUNT ISSUE. Some Iowa newspapers carry the erroneous impression that the special law enforcement agents are appointed by the attorney general. These special officers are named by the governor. If Iowa should elect a "liberal" governor he probably would have "liberal" special agents.—Sioux City Tribune. MR. IRISH GROWING OLD. Nothing is sadder in this world than the change that comes over so many men as they shift from the buoyant enthusiasms of youth to the view-with-alarm despondency of age. We do not know of an illustration more to the point than the speeches John P. Irish is now making in Iowa against woman suffrage when contrasted with the speeches he made in the Iowa legislature for woman suffrage. John P. Irish was a forward looking man in the old days when with spontaneous eloquence he pleaded for equal rights. Now he is as solemnly alarmed as any other pessimist. It is really too bad that so many estimable people begin to see everything going wrong at about the time their own blood begins to cool. Why cannot a man like Mr. Irish recognize that every argument he now utters against woman as a voter has been uttered many times before in the first line that he is "an American citizen," in the next eulogizes England, and in the last subscribes himself in lieu of his name, "A Gladstonian Liberal." Evidently he used this expression to conceal his German ancestry. What would we think of the state of his hyphen had he signed himself "A Follower of Bismarck?" Third in the column is a letter entitled "Mawkish America." Its author declares that this country is "hysterically feminine and neurotic," and he signs himself "Anglicus." His hyphen is evidently severely inflamed. Immediately following is the critical judgment of Mr. James McDonald, who says: "I consider the British empire the freest and best government in the world." Well, why not go home, then? And the column winds up with an article on the "mongrel population" of the United States, ending: "Bah! My country 'tis of thee. "James Macpherson, "Trenton, N. J." Just suppose that name had been Wilhelm Lustenschreck! All of these letters appeared in one column of the New York Tribune, and they appeared there consecutively. Not one has been omitted. Shall we continue to think of the hyphen solely in Teutonic terms? A CHAPTER OF HISTORY. The Register recently asked of the Chicago Tribune, "why did not Washington and Madison and Jefferson and Hamilton and the constitution makers meet the situation and give this country an army and a navy at the start?" The Tribune comes back with the claim that these men would have given us a military establishment but a blind congress would not listen to them. The Tribune quotes a number of familiar passages from Washington, and then jumps to the conclusion that our school histories ought to be rewritten to show the military purposes of the fathers. It is not worth while to quibble with the Tribune, but it is worth while to get at the real point of view of the men who started this nation out, in a military age, without a military fitting, in the belief that a great, peaceable, industrial democracy could be built in this new land free from the follies and blunders that had wrecked every earlier attempt at human organization. The Register will not go to the school histories, but will go to Alexander Hamilton, because of all the men named Hamilton leaned most to the European model of government, and believed most in a government of authority. Hamilton wrote seven letters in the Federalist, more, we believe, than he wrote upon any adopted for the proper establishment of the militia. This will not only lessen the call for military establishments, but if circumstances should at any time oblige the government to form an army of any magnitude, that army can never be formidable to the liberties of the people, while there is a large body of citizens, little if at all inferior to them in discipline and the use of arms." The constitution was accepted on this presentation by Hamilton, but the fathers were not wholly satisfied and in the amendments constituting the American bill of rights, the militia was officially recognized as the military defense of the new nation, and every man was protected in the private right to bear arms in order that no later date might a mistaken congress order or maintain a regular army to overturn our popular liberties. When the war of 1812 was impending Randolph in an impassioned speech in congress said, "I will forever stand up for the militia. It is not in the scoffs of the epaulette gentry to degrade them in my eyes. Who are they? Ourselves—the country. Arm them and you are safe, beyond the possibility of danger. It is a fundamental principle of the free government that a legislature that would preserve its liberty must avoid that canker, a standing army. Are we to forget as chimerical our notions of this institution which we imbibed from our very cradles, which are imprinted on our bill of rights and constitutions, which we avowed under the reign of John Adams?" And Madison in his message to congress in that year, referring to a refusal of some of the states to furnish militiamen for the war showed conclusively in what regard the standing army was held when he said that a failure of the militia "the public safety may have no other resource than in those large and permanent military establishments which are forbidden by the principles of our free government, and against the necessity of which the militia were meant to be a constitutional bulwark." Nor was this sentiment confined to the colonies and the young republic. Ambroise Clement writing in Lalor's "Encyclopedia of Political Science" says, "A very able German author, Mr. Rotteck, published in 1816 an important work entitled 'Standing Armies and National Militia.' He proves from the history of all wars, from those of the most ancient peoples down to the termination of the war of 1815, that standing armies or paid troops, under the sole control of their officers, and knowing no duty but towards them, have never served but to destroy the liberty of nations, and that the liberty and independence of abject peoples MORNING, MAY 24, 1916. When John P. Irish Favored Suffrage In the legislative session of 1870 an amendment proposing woman suffrage was passed by both houses of the Iowa legislature, and passed the house in the session of 1872. It was defeated in the senate of 1872 and so the amendment was not submitted to popular vote. John P. Irish engineered the amendment through the house both in 1870 and 1872. John A. Kasson was member from Polk and he voted for the amendment at both sessions. This amendment was far-reaching and read as follows: Laws of Iowa, 1870: 252. Joint Resolution No. 14. Joint resolution proposing to amend the constitution of the state of Iowa, and to provide for its reference and publication. Be it resolved by the general assembly of the state of Iowa. That the following amendments to the constitution of the state of Iowa, be and are hereby proposed: 1. Strike from section 1 of article II of said constitution, the word "male." 2. Strike from section 4 of the article III of said constitution, the word "male." Resolved further, That these resolutions proposing to amend the constitution of the state of Iowa are hereby referred to the legislature to be chosen at the next general election; and that the secretary of state shall cause the same to be published for three months previous to the time of the next general election of members of the legislature in one newspaper in each congressional district. Approved April 4, 1870. WHAT MR. IRISH SAID. Legislative supplement, session of 1870, March 29, 1870: Mr. Irish— It is to be expected that I, as the member who introduced this resolution, out of which the joint resolution is moved, should say something on the question before the house. Let us view it, if you choose, in the light of an experiment at whose inception we stand today. Let us leave the poetry of the proposition out of the question, for the poetry of the proposition has been given in its most eloquent manner by the gentleman from Scott (Mr. Green). Let us view it in the light of fact; look at it in its prosiest shape and see if there is any actual strength in the proposition. Gentlemen who may object to the passage of this joint resolution cannot object thereto because it has not been demanded by the class proposed to be affected by it. The best and the most talented women of our land —those who during the late war showed their love of country by works which were not less laborious than those performed by the soldier in the field—women, representing the most enlightened and highly educated of their sex, have organized movements all over the land in favor of the thing which we contemplate today. They demand it; they pray for it; they work for it; they speak for it. Perhaps this may be to their disgrace. Perhaps they are degrading themselves by so doing. There are many who agree with the gentleman from Jefferson (Mr. Ball), that they do degrade themselves when they ask this privilege. I am not here to say whether they do or not. Suffice it to say, that this class represented by a very respectable element recorded all their civil rights, more rights than they knew how to care for; and yet we, unasked, have conferred upon them an additional privilege, and the right to participate in the making of the law that shall govern you and me. Then, I say, having done so much for a class that had passed through a long condition of servitude, and that were steeped in ignorance and barbarism—a class that had not asked for anything—are we now to make such base use of the power conferred upon us as lawmaker of the people as to deny to another and more important class—the women of the land—the privilege for which they please? The power is in our hand. If we deny their prayer, we make a base use of the power we hold. Gentlemen ask what more privileges do women want. Is she not the idol of our homes; the queen of our household and heart? I grant all that, in many cases; but remember, gentlemen, what while women may be the idol of our homes and the queen of our heart and household, there are thousands of that class who are the idols of no homes and the queen of no hearts. Remember there are those who are compelled from their earliest youth to toil with their own hands for an uncertain livelihood. Remember there are those who have the strong arm of no man stretched forth to protect them, that they are compelled to fall back on their own weak resources for all they shall want in this life; and for that class, I say, permit this experiment to be tried. The country has reached this position of affairs that we must either progress or retrograde. Time was when women demanded no such privilege as this. Time was when the door of nearly every school and university in this and nearly every other country in the world was closed against her. Time was when, if a woman was possessed of the smallest degree of literary attainments she was supposed to be possessed of gigantic accomplishments. We have amended all this. We now open our schools and universities to women on equal terms with men. We open our professional schools on the same terms. We have opened up to this sex a new and unknown feature. We are permitting them to prepare for the governing duties of life in the professions or any other field. Now that you have opened the doors of universities, schools and professional institutions to women; after you have permitted them to acquire knowledge that will enable them to ennoble a profession, does it not seem hard that your system of law should become so that, if they acquire property by the practice of that profession, they are liable to be taxed therefor, but have no voice in the manner of taxation? Is not this hard? Your women go to normal schools and other institutions of learning, for the purpose of practicing a profession. She goes into the world as a teacher and stands side by side with a man that was not half her culture or ability; and yet while she brings to bear a greater knowledge to the business, while her labors are crowned with greater success, she finds that that dolt who stands by her side is enabled, by virtue of his being a man, to command just double the price of his work, so awkwardly done, that she commands for her work so well and fitly done privilege of obtaining education, or you must take a step forward. You must proceed to the logical result that must follow the opening of the universities which have given birth in the minds of women to these aspirations which education ever brings to those who possess it. We are at the inception of the question. How can the experiment be demonstrated a disaster? How can the family, around which we should throw every safeguard, suffer by the prosecution of this experiment? For who has a warmer, or a more heartfelt interest in the maintenance of the family, in all its purity and goodness, than woman has? When woman is convinced that the family, in its organization, must suffer by this experiment, will you tell me that she will not be the first to recede from this position? I am willing to leave the matter in her hands, and if the family is to suffer or be degraded, I know she will abandon the prosecution of a dangerous experiment. IN A SECOND SPEECH. Mr. Irish—I am requested by the gentleman from Jefferson (Mr. Ball) to read certain parts of the holy scripture. They are the Corinthians, fourteenth chapter, thirty-fourth and thirty-fifth verses; Epistle of Paul to Timothy, eleventh and twelfth verses. If I were competent to do so before this legislature, I would move an amendment to those passages. (Laughter.) But as that is not competent, I would say, in explanation, that Paul was then speaking to the Corinthian women—I do not know what sort they were. They may have been utterly unqualified to speak in public, and it might have been proper that Paul should exhort them to keep silence in churches. He said nothing of the American women, that they should keep silence at the polls or legislature. Paul claimed inspiration; but it is singular that nowhere in the writing of his divine master do you find such sentiments expressed. Jesus, in the most sublime of all his sayings, in his sermon on the mount, exalted men and women to deeds of charity, to be merciful, and humble that they may one day walk with their God. This book teaches that men and women should alike endure trial and suffer judgments of the law, should alike die and arise at the resurrection. As they are to travel side by side spiritually, does it seem wise that we should place women in temporary position of disadvantage, where their ambition is to be unsatisfied, where her aspirations are never to be realized? If we can make her live better, and more wisely should we not do it? In doing that we are obeying the spirit of the scripture. I care not what might have been said by Paul or any other apostle, who was so unfortunate as to live and die a bachelor. It is better to refer to the writing of the divine master and not to the teachings of one who was a little bit headstrong and pedantic in his views and manner of expression. The gentleman from Dubuque (Mr. O'Donnell) has ably spoken on the other side of the question; but I wish to call his attention to the fact that there are thousands of women that are not permitted to be Rachels at any man's tomb. If there are women that do not desire the ballot, let them stand aside and let that privilege be governor. If Iowa should elect a ''liberal'' governor he probably would have ''liberal'' special agents.—Sioux City Tribune. MR. IRISH GROWING OLD. Nothing is sadder in this world than the change that comes over so many men as they shift from the buoyant enthusiasms of youth to the view-with-alarm despondency of age. We do not know of an illustration more to the point than the speeches John P. Irish is now making in Iowa against woman suffrage when contrasted with the speeches he made in the Iowa legislature for woman suffrage. John P. Irish was a forward looking man in the old days when with spontaneous eloquence he pleaded for equal rights. Now he is as solemnly alarmed as any other pessimist. It is really too bad that so many estimable people begin to see everything going wrong at about the time their own blood begins to cool. Why cannot a man like Mr. Irish recognize that every argument he now utters against woman as a voter has been uttered many times before against man as a voter? Every extension of suffrage has been met with precisely the same objections. The Register believes in youth. It believes in youthful minds in old bodies. Every extension of liberty has vindicated itself. The more rights the people have the more responsibilities they assume. No nation ever went upon the rocks because of liberty. Equality never undermined a civilization. Mr. Irish says woman will smother the mating instinct if she is enfranchised. That was said when she was given property. That was said when she was sent to school. That was said when she entered the gainful employments. But the alarm has always been groundless. Every man who ought to have a female companion has one, and a lot of others who ought to never have a woman look at them. American women are the freest in the world, the most attractive in the world, and the best mothers in the world. It all goes together. Freedom and intelligence were never put at a discount by providence. It is too bad to see a man like Mr. Irish grow old in mind. He has been on the old side ever since the Cleveland administration. He cannot adjust to this new period of '"progressive" ideas. The times are out of joint with him. HYPHENS. Who are the hyphenates? We have been taught for a year that their names all end in "burg" or contain "sch," but it does not take much rubbing of the fur the wrong way to develop another crop. Study of the letters from subscribers published on the editorial page of a single issue of the New York Tribune reveals statements which coming from the "sch" or "burg" element would arouse thoughts of treason and revolution. The Tribune, it seems, wrote two editorials in severe criticism of Great Britain, and drew upon itself the wrath of a large group of hyphenates. To start at the beginning of a column, John W. Jordan, apparently no relative of the kaiser, advises his American fellow citizens that "there are times when fighting for liberty becomes not a moral asset but a disgrace, punished by ignominy and death." In what part of the declaration of independence does that doctrine occur? Isn't it dangerous to our institutions to have such principles enunciated in our hearing? John W. Jordan should be deported to Germany. His real name is undoubtedly Johann Wilhelm Jorrdann. He is a dangerous hyphenate, who has failed to absorb the vital elements of American citizenship. The melting pot has failed to melt him. " 'Raus mit 'im." Next comes a man who declares claim that these men would have given us a military establishment but a blind congress would not listen to them. The Tribune quotes a number of familiar passages from Washington, and then jumps to the conclusion that our school histories ought to be rewritten to show the military purposes of the fathers. It is not worth while to quibble with the Tribune, but it is worth while to get at the real point of view of the men who started this nation out, in a military age, without a military fitting, in the belief that a great, peaceable, industrial democracy could be built in this new land free from the follies and blunders that had wrecked every earlier attempt at human organization. The Register will not go to the school histories, but will go to Alexander Hamilton, because of all the men named Hamilton leaned most to the European model of government, and believed most in a government of authority. Hamilton wrote seven letters in the Federalist, more, we believe, than he wrote upon any other one feature of the new constitution, to popularize the constitutional provisions with regard to national defense. And what was Hamilton's argument? The states of Pennslyvania and North Carolina had put into their state constitutions this declaration: "As standing armies in times of peace are dangerous to liberty, they ought not to be kept up." New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Delaware and Maryland had adopted in a bill of rights this declaration: "Standing armies are dangerous to liberty and ought not to be raised or kept up without the consent of the legislature." There were those who were insisting upon the Pennslyvania form of declaration in the new constitution and Hamilton's argument was for the same sort of leeway for the federal government that New Hampshire and the other states had reserved for themselves, namely, the right of congress to decide when in times of peace a standing military force was needed. Hamilton did not defend a standing army in times of peace. He insisted merely that congress should be given a free hand. He pointed out that the military was put with the legislative rather than the executive branch of the government, and the legislative branch came directly from the people, and then he said: "There is to be found an important qualification even of legislative direction in that clause which forbids the appropriation of money for the support of an army for a longer period than two years, a precaution which upon nearer view will appear to be a great and real security against military establishments without evident necessity." Hamilton emphasized this point again. "The legislature of the United States will be obliged once at least in every two years to deliberate upon the propriety of keeping a military force on foot, to come to a new resolution on the point, and to declare their sense of the matter by a formal vote in the face of their constituents." Hamilton then went on to express his own personal opinion of universal military training and a state militia: "To oblige the great body of the yeomanry and of other classes of citizens to be under arms for the purpose of going through military exercises and evolutions as often as might be necessary to acquire the degree of perfection which would entitle them to the character of a well regulated militia would be a real grievance to the people and a serious public inconvenience and loss." And following this, he said further: "Though the scheme of disciplining the whole nation must be abandoned as mischievous or impracticable, yet it is a matter of the utmost importance that a well digested plan should as soon as possible be conclusively in what regard the standing army was held when he said that in a failure of the militia "the public safety may have no other resource than in those large and permanent military establishments which are forbidden by the principles of our free government, and against the necessity of which the militia were meant to be a constitutional bulwark." Nor was this a sentiment confined to the colonies and the young republic. Ambroise Clement writing in Lalor's "Encyclopedia of Political Science" says, "A very able German author, Mr. Rotteck, published in 1816 an important work entitled 'Standing Armies and National Militia.' He proves from the history of all wars, from those of the most ancient peoples down to the termination of the war of 1815, that standing armies or paid troops, under the sole control of their officers, and knowing no duty, but towards them, have never served but to destroy the liberty of nations, and that liberty and independence of abject peoples has been regained only by its citizen soldiery. When France had to defend its liberty against the allied sovereigns," he says, "it was the citizen soldiery, mere raw recruits, who effected the triumph of the revolution, and later it was the militia of the Germans that restored the independence of the fatherland." The Tribune, when it selects sentences here and there from Washington and the rest to bolster up the notion that there was any sentiment for military establishment in the early days, is plainly relying on the ignorance of its readers. And when it calls for school histories written to support that view, it is calling for a deliberate perversion of one of the really significant chapters of human progress. For one of the marvels, among the many marvels of the founding of the new republic, was the willingness of the great leaders to trust the fortunes of the new world to the people, not only in civil, but in military matters, and to set their hopeful venture out in a militant world without militancy. If one thing more than another is emphasized in the debates of those times, it is the determination of the founders not to have a military establishment. ----------------------------------- The 10,000 Fairbanks rooters at the G. O. P. convention ought to get away with a good many buttermilk cocktails in Chicago. --------------------------------- Carranza appears to be getting the note-writing fever quite as badly as a real president in a sure enough republic. ----------------------------------- Although the European countries are now saying "saving daylight," a great deal of the fighting is being done at night, as before. ------------------------------------ President Wilson has been "repudiated" by one of his electors of 1912. Only one, mind you. His luck still holds. ------------------------------------- The democratic party may ignore its one-term plank, but the voters will have a chance to put it in force next November. ------------------------------------- The patriotism that delights in parading behind brass brands is not always the most durable kind in time of trial. ------------------------------------- Maybe there are times when Italy regretfully thinks of the splendid opportunity she had to keep out of the war. ------------------------------------- Russian and English land forces are now reported to be fighting side by side in the garden of Eden region. And expecting to raise Cain, there, we presume, to revise history a bit. ------------------------------------- President Wilson's hankering for whiskers may be genuine, but it will doubtless have a hard time getting past Mrs. Wilson's censorship. ------------------------------------- What, after all, does a preparedness parade prepare us for? ------------------------------------- The Des Moines team is now climbing upward into the championship atmosphere of the percentage table once more. THE PASSING SHOW Edith- so your father told you he was opposed to you marrying Jack. What did you say? Wilful Winnie- I told papa that intervention would mean war. --Boston Transcript "Professor, I want to take up international law. What course of study would you recommend?" "Constant target practice." --Kansas City Journal "Are you looking forward to the summer with pleasant anticipations?" asked the optimistic citizen. "Yes, indeed," replied the pessimistic person. "A great many people I'm tired of looking at will go out of town for the summer." --Birmingham Age-Herald. He was one of those young men who never seem to know when to go home. She had tried yawning, but even that failed to get rid of him. Presently a clock outside in the hall began to strike in low, deep tones the midnight hour. "Oh, I say, Miss Green?" said the late stayer brightly "is that an eight day clock?" Miss Green smiled coldly at him. "Well," she said, sniffling another yawn, "why don't you stay a little longer and find out?" -- Toledo Blade. Dillydally (a chronic procrastinator) -- I dreamt last night that I -- er -- ah -- proposed to you. I wonder what that is a sign of? Miss Lingerlong (desperately) -- It is a sign that you have got more sense when you are asleep than when you are awake. -- Chicago News. "A dollar box of candy for me, hubby? Really, I must curb such extravagance." "I bought you one frequently before we were married." "But things are different now. Instead of a dollar box of candy it would have been better to have gotten me a 10 cent box, and a sport coat, and that spring parasol I want so much." -- New York Times. WHEN SPRING CAME TRIPPING OVER THE HILLS Spring wrote her name in violets Along the fair hillside, And wakened tiny flowerets O'er field and meadow wide. Beside the brooklet's winding way She set a fringe of green, And pussy-willows tinged with gray Dew-kissd wore silvery sheen. Then to the woodlands brown and sere, She called the southern breeze, And piping bird-notes sweet and clear Rang out from leafy trees. The orchards filled the balmy air With honey-laden bloom, And bees and insects everywhere Scented the rare perfume. All living beings 'gan to move 'Neath spring's entrancing sway, And signs of toil and songs of love Welcomed the merry May. --Addie B. Billington. Let us leave the poetry of the proposition out of the question, for the poetry of the proposition has been given in its most eloquent manner by the gentleman from Scott (Mr. Green). Let us view it in the light of fact; look at it in its prosiest shape and see if there is any actual strength in the proposition. Gentlemen who may object to the passage of this joint resolution cannot object thereto because it has not been demanded by the class proposed to be affected by it. The best and the most talented women of our land -- those who during the late war showed their love of country by works which were not less laborious than those performed by the soldier in the field -- women, representing the most enlightened and highly educated of their sex, have organized movements all over the land in favor of the thing which we contemplate today. They demand it; they pray for it; they work for it; they speak for it. Perhaps this may be to their disgrace. Perhaps they are degrading themselves by so doing. There are many who agree with the gentleman from Jefferson (Mr. Ball), that they do degrade themselves when they ask this privilege. I am not here to say whether they do or not. Suffice it to say, that this class represented by a very respectable element in it, has asked that this experiment be tried. Now, we have granted privileges to a class that have not asked for them. But a very insignificant portion of the Negroes and the inferior races of the union asked that the privilege of franchise be conferred upon them. There came to us no petition or complaints. The law had already accorded to those classes all their civil rights. They could sue and be sued; they could acquire, hold and devise property; they were ac- -plishments. We have amended all this. We now open our schools and universities to women on equal terms with men. We open our professional schools on the same terms. We have opened up to this sex a new and unknown feature. We are permitting them to prepare for the governing duties of life in the professions or any other field. Now that you have opened the doors of universities, schools and professional institutions to women; after you have permitted them to acquire knowledge that will enable them to ennoble a profession, does it not seem hard that your system of law should become so that, if they acquire property by the practice of that profession, they are liable to be taxed therefor, but have no voice in the manner of taxation? Is not this hard? Your women go to normal schools and other institutions of learning, for the purpose of practicing a profession. She goes into the world as a teacher and stands side by side with a man that has not half her culture or ability; and yet while she brings to bear a greater knowledge to the business, while her labors are crowned with greater success, she finds that that dolt who stands by her side is enabled, by virtue of his being a man, to command just double the price of his work, so awkwardly done, that she commands for her work so well and fitly done. Women say that if they have the power to vote they believe, with this dower inter hand they could command a better price for work so illy requited. I, for one, am in favor of giving them that power. A day could be taken up in the discussion of this matter. Suffice it to say that you have already opened your schools and your universities to women. She now possesses education equally with men. You must discontinue this expressed. Jesus, in the most sublime of all his sayings, in his sermon on the mount, exalted men and women to deeds of charity, to be merciful, and humble that they may one day walk with their God. This book teaches that men and women should alike endure trial and suffer judgments of the law, should alike die and arise at the resurrection. As they are to travel side by side spiritually, does it seem wise that we should place women in a temporary position of disadvantage, where their ambition is to be unsatisfied, where her aspirations are never to be realized? If we can make her live better, and more wisely should we not do it? In doing that we are obeying the spirit of the scripture. I care not what might have even said by Paul or any other apostle, who was so unfortunate as to live and die a bachelor. It is better to refer to the writings of the divine master and not to the teachings of one who was a little bit headstrong and pedantic in his views and manner of expression. The gentleman from Dubuque (Mr. O'Donnell) has ably spoken on the other side of the question; but I wish to call his attention to the fact that there are thousands of women that are not permitted to be Rachels at any man's tomb. If there are women that do not desire the ballot let them stand aside and let that privilege be conferred on those who need it for their own protection. Let us get rid of the oak and ivy argument; let us abandon the hothouse argument of the question; let us remember that there are some vines which have no oak around which to cling; and if they desire what they consider protection, then I say we should make the best use of our power, and not deny them this privilege for which they pray. A Democratic Column BY LOUIS MURPHY. STANDPATTERS. With what fine contempt President Wilson referred to standpatters in his talk to the National Press club last week! His words merit reading again and again and are particularly pertinent at this time when the standpatters have recovered control of practically all the parts of the machinery of the republican party which was lost to them in recent years. "Penrose Wins in Pennsylvania," "Old Guard Wins in New York," "Taft Republicans Victorious in California Primaries," "Lodge Chosen in Massachusetts," "Hitchcock Organizes the South for Root," "Roosevelt Hissed by Iowa Republicans" are a few of many headlines telling the story of how the forces of privilege and decay have come back into full title to their own. To quote the president: "I have something that it is no doubt dangerous to have, but that I cannot help having. I have a profound intellectual contempt for men who cannot see the signs of the times. I have to deal with some men who know knows more of the modern processes of politics than if they were living in the eighteenth century, and for them I have a profound and comprehensive intellectual contempt. They are blind. They are hopelessly blind, and the worst of it is I have to spend hours of my time talking to them when I know before I start as much as after I have finished that it is absolutely useless to talk to them. I am talking in vacuo. "The business of every one of us, gentlemen, is to realize that if we are correspondents of papers who have not yet heard of modern times we ought to send them as many intimations of modern movements as they are willing to print. "There is a simile that was used by a very interesting English writer that has been much in my mind. Like myself, he had often been urged not to try to change so many things. I remember when I was president of a university a man said to me, 'Good heavens, man, why don't you leave something alone and let it stay the way it is?' and I said, 'If you will guarantee to me that it will stay the way it is I will let it alone, but is you knew anything you would know that if you leave a live thing alone it will not stay where it is. It will develop and will either go in the wrong direction or decay.' "I reminded him of this thing that the English writer said, that if you want to keep a white out white you cannot let it alone. It will get black. You have to keep doing something to it. In that instance you have got to paint it white very frequently in order to keep it white, because there are forces at work that will get the better of you. Not only will it turn black, but the forces of moisture and other forces of nature will penetrate the white paint and get at the fiber of the wood, and decay will set in, and the next time you try to paint it you will find that there is nothing but punk to paint. "Then you will remember the Red Queen in 'Alice in Wonderland,' or 'Alice Through the Looking Glass'— I forget which, it has been so long since I read them—who takes Alice by the hand and they rush along at a great pace and then, when they stop, Alice looks around and says, 'But we are just where we were when we started.' 'Yes,' says the Red Queen, 'you have to run twice as fast as that to get anywhere else.' "That is true, gentlemen, of the world of affairs. You have got to run fast merely to stay where you are, and in order to get anywhere, you have got to run twice as fast as that. That is what people do not realize, that is the mischief of these hopeless dams against the stream known as reactionaries and standpatters, and other words of obliquy. That is what is the matter with them; they are not even staying where they were. They are sinking further and further back in what will some time comfortably close over their heads as the black waters of oblivion. I sometimes imagine that I see their heads going down, and I am not inclined even to throw them a life preserver. "The sooner they disappear the better. We need their places for people who are awake; and we particularly need now, gentlemen, men who will divest themselves of party passion and personal preference, and will try to think in the terms of America. If a man describes himself to me now in any other terms than those terms, I am not sure of him; and I love the fellows the that come into my office sometimes and say: 'Mr. President, I am an American.' Their hearts are right, their instinct true, they are going in the right direction and will take the right leadership if they believe that the leader is also a man who thinks first of America. EQUAL SUFFRAGE AND A GREATER IOWA. In an address at Dubuque advocating woman suffrage, W. W. Marsh of Waterloo declared that nationwide suffrage is ultimately bound up with a greater Iowa. Standards of living and wages here, he said, are fixed by nature—by the farm. If an artisan cannot earn enough in the mills or factories to admit of a decent livelihood he can go to the farm, and the competition of the farm thus fixes the living standards in the city. In the industrial states of the east the farm and the manufacturing industry do not compete—the worker cannot go to the farm and the farm has nothing to do with determining either wages or the conditions of living. Both are depressed. The cost of production in the iron industry in Iowa is 115 per cent more than in Massachusetts and Pennsylvania and other eastern states, and the industry could not sustain itself here but for patent privileges. The immediate consequence of the adoption of equal suffrage is the passage of humanitarian laws, many of which are already on the statue books of Iowa. This legislation adds to the cost of production. That is why the industrial states of the east do not want it. Here women do not start the workday before 7 or 8 o'clock, and there they start at 6 o'clock. If woman suffrage should be universally adopted, it would bring the cost of production up to a figure nearly equal to that in Iowa and thus lessen if not remove the handicap under which Hawkeye manufacturers now labor. The reason assigned by Mr. Marsh why the greater Iowa sentiment should be equal suffrage sentiment is a consideration influencing the heads of a Dubuque concern, employing more women than any other in Iowa, to advocate equal suffrage. They say they are shut out of many markets because they cannot meet the competition of states where the standard of living, and consequently the standard of wages is less, than here, and in their view nationwide suffrage will bring up the lower standards to a level approximately equal to the highest. AMONG THE POLITICIANS. Centerville Journal: Unless the next state convention "plays the game" and bids four on prohibition for the trump card, we'll be skinned before we start. Let's play the game fair this time, without dealing from the bottom. ------------------------------------ Waterloo Courier: The delegates to the republican state convention refused to be stampeded into a Roosevelt demonstration when such an attempt was made. ------------------------------------ Burlington Hawk-Eye: Allen says Cosson is not radical enough on the prohibition question. Just ask any former Burlington saloonkeeper what his opinion is on the subject, and you will have an answer for Mr. Allen. ------------------------------------ Muscatine Journal: The carping of Clifford Thorne's critics has not lessened the high regard in which he is held by the homefolks, nor will it weaken the confidence of the voters of the first district in his integrity and ability. ------------------------------------ Webster City Journal: The Cosson- Allen hubbub is sweet music to the ears of W. L. Harding of Sioux City. THE WOMAN'S JOURNAL, JUNE 3, 1916 [FROM] THE STATES WISCONSIN For the first time in the history of Wisconsin the cause of woman suffrage was presented to a meeting of delegates to a national political convention, when Mrs. H. M. Youmans, Waukesha, and Mrs. A. J. Rogers and Mrs. G. W. Van Derzee of Milwaukee, appeared at a meeting of the Democratic delegation. Mrs. Youmans made a half-hour address, presenting reasons why the national Democratic platform should include a woman suffrage plank. She was received with every courtesy and much evidence of interest. No effort was made to bind delegates. OHIO "Get ready" was the slogan sounded by Mrs. Harriet Taylor Upton, president of the Ohio Woman Suffrage Association, at the recent 14th Congressional District meeting at Akron. "I am hopeful," she said, "that the Republican national convention will place a suffrage plank in their platform and that the Democrats will take a similar step. This will mean work, hard fighting on the part of suffragists. So I say, get ready." Mrs. Upton acted as toastmaster at a noonday luncheon given at Hotel Howe, at which Mrs. Newton D. Baker, wife of the Secretary of War, and for many years an enthusiastic suffragist, was the honor guest and one of the speakers. Following the luncheon an enthusiastic meeting was held in the parlors of the Hotel Howe, when problems of organization, campaign work and finance were discussed. Delegates from all sections of the 14th District, which comprises Summit, Lorain, Medina and Portage Counties. At a meeting of the executive board prior to the conference Miss Zara du Pont presented her resignation as chairman of the State finance committee, and Mrs. Malcolm McBride of Cleveland was chosen to serve in her stead. Miss Pearl Helfrich of Bowling Green was made chairman of the State press committee. All State suffrage news should be sent to her at Warren, as she will do her work at State headquarters. The Resolutions Committee of the State Democratic Convention will give the Ohio W. S. A. a hearing June 1 when the convention meets at Columbus. The State president and Mrs. B. B. Sawyer, president of the Franklin County E. S. A., will be the speakers. Twenty life members have been added to the State Association since the last report to the Woman's Journal. MICHIGAN The Goodrich line has sent out letters announcing their special rates to Chicago for the parade to all members of the Kent County Equal Suffrage Association, and effort will be made to send one hundred suffragists from Grand Rapids alone. From South Haven and other points many will go by boat, while an effort is being made to secure a large number to go on the special train from Detroit to SOUTH DAKOTA A recent editorial in the Edgemont Enterprise says: "From this time on the Enterprise will advocate the right of women to vote—woman suffrage. Always, we have had a sneaking notion that they were entitled to this recognition and have always felt ashamed that we had not been for it. But it's better to reform late than never to reform at all, and now we're going to boost the movement. There are many reasons for this stand. One reason stands out on the screen of our memory distinct and vivid. A remembrance of an election day in a city, where auto load after auto load of bums and moral hoboes were taken to the polls to exercise the fight of suffrage, while in the home were thousands of true-hearted, cultured women, denied the privilege vouchsafed to these irresponsible men, these off-scourings of the gutters. Tell us that women cannot be trusted to vote intelligently, but the hobo can, and we'll demand to know the reason. Oh, yes, this paper is for woman suffrage, all right, from this time on." ILLINOIS The women of Jacksonville are taking an active part in municipal affairs, and helped to elect dry officials at last year's election, writes Mrs. Lillian Danskin, president of Woman's Civic League. Women serve upon all the boards of the city, and there are now eight police women, more than in any other town of its size in the country. A sanitary committee of over sixty women help to enforce the sanitary laws. PENNSYLVANIA Uncle Sam was interviewed allegorically, and Barbara Frietchie, Betsy Ross, and other women whose names are written on the pages of American history appeared in the garden fete Memorial Day on the lawn at Greene and Duval streets, Germantown, Philadelphia. The fete was held by the fifteenth legislative district of the Woman Suffrage Party, under the direction of Mrs. Ernest T. Toogood. "Uncle Sam's Daughters" is the play in which the historically famous women took part. Besides the play, a May pole dance was given, and more than a score of booths offered a tempting array of articles and sweetmeats. The "spokesman" in the interview between suffragists and Uncle Sam was Miss Adelaide Borah, niece of Senator Borah, of Idaho. Harriet Beecher Stowe was portrayed by Miss Jane Campbell. VIRGINIA Every member of the Roanoke delegation to the recent State Democratic convention was presented with a suffrage map of North America, and asked to use his influence for a plank in the The Iowa Despite the inclement weather on May 20 the Suffrage May Festival at Fairfield, given under the auspices of the Jefferson county suffragists, was a big success. A large parade of floats and gaily decked autos was headed by John T. Davies, a prominent local man; in the train of the autos and floats came the Colonial children, dames and fathers, then the suffragists, followed by the Parson College seniors, and last of all the May Pole dances. Miss Josephine Casey of Chicago, State suffrage speaker, gave the principal address of the day. E. E. Felker of Burlington gave a short talk. The week of May 22 was suffrage week at the Sioux City baseball park. Every man who entered the park was presented with suffrage literature and a "Votes for Women" button. Mrs. F. E. Horton, the head of the literature committee of the suffrage club, had charge of the movement and was assisted by the members of the GEORGIA A movement has been put underway by the suffragists of Georgia for a campaign before the coming Legislature for a bill giving women municipal suffrage rights in every town and city of the State. The Georgia Bar Association, which meets the first June at Tybee, near Savannah, will be asked to recommend that women be allowed to practice law in Georgia on equal terms with men. Last year the resolution to endorse the bill pending in the Legislature to remove the disqualifications of women was voted on by the association and lost by two votes, so the suffragists are very hopeful that it will be favorably acted upon this summer. Owing to the constantly increasing interest in suffrage throughout the South, and the demand for suffrage speakers, the manager of the Alkahest Lyceum System has felt it necessary to secure for the Chautauqua programs the able and brilliant suffragist, Mrs. Grace Wilbur Trout, of Chicago. This announcement has been greeted with great enthusiasm. Mrs. Emily MacDougald and Miss Aurelia Roach will be among the suffragists from Georgia who will be in Chicago to attend the suffrage demonstrations. MINNESOTA One of the State's loyal suffragist knights, Mr. S. A. Stockwell, of Minneapolis, is giving two weeks to Iowa, speaking several times each day in towns in the southern part of the State. Several delegations called upon suffrage was presented to a meeting of delegates to a national political convention, when Mrs. H. M. Youmans, Waukesha, and Mrs. A. J. Rogers and Mrs. G. W. Van Derzee of Milwaukee, appeared at a meeting of the Democratic delegation. Mrs. Youmans made a half-hour address, presenting reasons why the national Democratic platform should include a woman suffrage plank. She was received with every courtesy and much evidence of interest no effort was made to bind the delegates. OHIO "Get ready" was the slogan sounded by Mrs. Harriet Taylor Upton, president of the Ohio Woman Suffrage Association, at the recent 14th Congressional District meeting at Akron. "I am hopeful," she said, "that the Republican national convention will place a suffrage plank in their platform and that the Democrats will take a similar step. This will mean real work, hard fighting on the part of suffragists. So I say, get ready." Mrs. Upton acted as a toastmaster at a noonday luncheon given at Hotel Howe, at which Mrs. Newton D. Baker, wife of the Secretary of War, and for many years an enthusiastic suffragist, was the honor guest and one of the speakers. Following the luncheon an enthusiastic meeting was held in the parlors of Hotel Howe, when problems of organization, campaign work and finance were discussed. Delegates from all sections of the 14th District, which comprises Summit, Lorain, Medina and Portage Counties. At a meeting of the executive board prior to the conference Miss Zara du Pont presented her resignation as chairman of the State finance committee, and Mrs. Malcolm McBride of Cleveland was chosen to serve in her stead. Miss Pearl Helfrish of Bowling Green was made chairman of the State press committee. All State suffrage news should be sent to her at Warren, as she will do her work at State headquarters. The Resolutions Committee of the State Democratic Convention will give the Ohio W. S. A. a hearing June 1 when the convention meets at Columbus. The State president and Mrs. B. B. Sawyer, president of the Franklin County E. S. A., will be the speakers. Twenty life members have been added to the State Association since the last report to the Woman's Journal. MICHIGAN The Goodrich line has sent out letters announcing their special rates to Chicago for the parade to all members of the Kent County Equal Suffrage Association, and effort will be made to send one hundred suffragists from Grand Rapids alone. From South Haven and other points many will go by boat, while an effort is being made to secure a large number to go on the special train from Detroit to Chicago, Michigan will have headquarters in Chicago, and those who go by train will return the same day. It is planned to give short rear-end platform suffrage talks at the various station stops along the line. "From this time on the Enterprise will advocate the right of women to vote--woman suffrage. Always, we have had a sneaking notion that they were entitled to this recognition and have always felt ashamed that we had not been for it. But it's better to reform late than never to reform at all, and now we're going to boost the movement. There are many reasons for this stand. One reason stands out on the screen of our memory distinct and vivid. A remembrance of an election day in a city, where auto load after auto load of bums and moral hoboes were taken to the polls to exercise the right of suffrage, while in the homes were thousands of true- hearted, cultured women, denied the privilege vouchsafed to these irresponsible men, these off-scourings of the gutters. Tell us that women cannot be trusted to vote intelligently but that the hobo can, and we'll demand to know the reason. Oh, yes, this paper is for woman suffrage, all right, from this time on." ILLINOIS The women of Jacksonville are taking an active part in municipal affairs, and helped to elect dry officials at last year's election, writes Mrs. Lillian Danskin, president of Woman's Civic League. Women serve upon all the boards of the city, and there are now eight police women, more than in any other town of its size in the country. A sanitary committee of over sixty women help to enforce the sanitary laws. PENNSYLVANIA Uncle Sam was interviewed allegorically, and Barbara Frietchie, Betsy Ross, and other women whose names are written on the pages of American history appeared in the garden fete Memorial Day on the law at Greene and Duval streets, Germantown, Philadelphia. The fete was held by the fifteenth legislative district of the Woman Suffrage Party, under the direction of Mrs. Ernest T. Toogood. "Uncle Sam's Daughters" is the play in which the historically famous women took part. Besides the play, a May pole dance was given, and more than a score of booths offered a tempting array of articles and sweetmeats. The "spokesman" in the interview between suffragists and Uncle Sam was Miss Adelaide Borah, niece of Senator Borah, of Idaho. Harriet Beecher Stowe was portrayed by Miss Jane Campbell. VIRGINIA Every member of the Roanoke delegation to the recent State Democratic convention was presented with a suffrage map of North America, and asked to use his influence for a plank in the State and national platforms, "to the end that justice may wear a more resplendent jewel in her diadem, represented by a declaration of the right that equal suffrage for men and women should prevail." auspices of the Jefferson county suffragists, was a big success. A large parade of floats and gaily decked autos was headed by John T. Davies, a prominent local man; in the train of the autos and floats came the Colonial children, dames and fathers, then the suffragists, followed by the Parson College seniors, and last of all the May Pole dancers. Miss Josephine Casey of Chicago, State suffrage speaker, gave the principal address of the day. E. E. Felker of Burlington gave a short talk. The week of May 22 was suffrage week at the Sioux City baseball park. Every man who entered the park was presented with suffrage literature and a "Votes for Women" button. Mrs. F. E. Horton, the head of the literature committee of the suffrage club, had charge of the movement and was assisted by the members of the GEORGIA A movement has been put under way by the suffragists of Georgia for a campaign before the coming Legislature for a bill giving women municipal suffrage rights in every town and city of the State. The Georgia Bar Association, which meets the first of June at Tybee, near Savannah, will be asked to recommend that women be allowed to practice law in Georgia on equal terms with men. Last year the resolution to endorse the bill pending in the Legislature to remove the disqualifications of women was voted on by the association and lost by two votes, so the suffragists are very hopeful that it will be favorably acted upon this summer. Owing to the constantly increasing interest in suffrage throughout the South, and the demand for suffrage speakers, the manager of the Alkahest Lyceum System has felt it necessary to secure for the Chautauqua programs the able and brilliant suffragist, Mrs. Grace Wilbur Trout, of Chicago. This announcement has been greeted with great enthusiasm. Mrs. Emily MacDougald and Miss Aurelia Roach will be among the suffragists from Georgia who will be in Chicago to attend the suffrage demonstrations. MINNESOTA One of the State's loyal suffragist knights, Mr. S. A. Stockwell, of Minneapolis, is giving two weeks to Iowa, speaking several times each day in towns in the southern part of the State. Several delegations called upon Republican and Democratic delegates in Minneapolis, May 29, starting from suffrage headquarters in automobiles at 10 o'clock, and ending with a luncheon at one. Minnesota will send a good delegation of suffragists to the parades. The Woman's Journal, June 3, 1916 John P. Irish Attacked Lincoln As He Know Attacks Suffrage Called Him "Fool," "Knave," "Smutty Old Joker," and Said He Was Determined to Crush the Liberties of the People -"Noble Patriot" Now Slanders Women Mr. John P. Irish became editor of the State Press at Iowa City, July 6, 1864. The following extracts taken from the files of his paper, now in the library of the State Historical Society in Iowa City, are from the issues under dates given. July 6, 1864 - part of editorial: "Lincoln is determined to crush the liberties of our people and be absolute dictator, or is curious to know how much tyranny the American people will stand in these days, before they assert their rights as did our fathers against King George, by open defiance." July 13, 1864-Editorial: "Lincoln's Supporters." "Shoddyites, pilferers, political preachers and a few fair but foolish fanatics. The means by which his election is to be carried, bayonets, bullets, boroughs (rotten), bullying and beastliness. The result of his election will be star chamber courts on a grander scale than ever. A looseness in public and private morals equal to that which prevailed during the French Revolution. A collapse the public credit which even now is trembling like a broken bridge." July 27, 1864-Editorial: "As will be seen by the news column, some agents of the Confederacy have been trying to open negotiations for peace and reunion. Lincoln turned all overtures by telling them that if they desired to abandon slavery he would condescend to treat with them. After this, can anyone be so crazy as to say that the war is for the Union? Can anyone be so fanatical as to desire the ruin of the country in order that slavery may be abandoned? The 5th of September approaches, when 500,000 Americans are to be dragged like beasts into the bloody arena to fight 'for the abandonment of slavery.' Will the people consent to be torn from their homes, to lose all that makes life sweet, to fight, not for the Union they have been taught to revere, not for the laws they respect, not for the security of their own homes and liberties, but to fight-that the negro, the miserable, degraded negro may be freed, that he may elevate his hideous head to a level with theirs, that he may fill places at the anvil, the bench or the plow left vacant by those whom Abraham Africanus I, has commanded to fight the battles and to lay down their lives that he may be secure in another four years of power, that he may subject the people to another term of bondage, and play the first rate knave and the second-rate fool for the amusement of the whole world? For our part, we think the people have endured long enough this drain upon their blood and treasure, and to stop it, they should demonstrate to the powers that be the spirit of '76 is yet alive in their breasts that a tyrant can no longer trifle with them save at the peril of his own miserable, guilt-stained head." July 27, 1864: computed the cost of the undertaking into which you have been beguiled by the leaders of the abolition party?" August 10, 1864-Editorial: "Keep it before the people that Mr. Lincoln refuses to hear any proposition for peace which does not include the abandonment of slavery as an indispensable prerequisite" "Keep it before the people that this determination of the President declares the war to be an abolition raid waged for the freedom of negroes, and not for the restoration of the Union." August 17, 1864: In an editorial, refers to Lincoln as "the widow-maker" and "the national sexton." A report of a meeting held at the courthouse, of which John P. Irish was secretary, contains resolutions approving a Peace call, with the following preamble: "Whereas, the time has arrived when silence with regard to the brutal warfare in which abolitionism and its co-operating forces of fanaticism and corruption have involved use, becomes criminal," etc. August 24, 1864-"A suggestion." 1864-1916 By Witter Bynner (Written in Davenport, Iowa, after hearing a speech by John P. Irish who, fifty-two years ago, was calling Lincoln "fool," "knave," "sneak-thief" and "assassin.") There came a man to our town And he was wondrous wise, He jumped on every suffragist And scratched out both her eyes. He did the same to Lincoln, For freedom makes him blue, But as Lincoln has survived it, The suffragists will, too "In an article in the Press two weeks ago, and a letter from a correspondent, the white-cravatted hypocrites of this city, who are engaged in prostituting their pulpits to the dirty work of Abolitionists, were denounced-and very properly. Salaries are paid these men that they may preach 'Jesus Christ and Him crucified' to a dying world, and not that they may turn their pulpits into a political rostrum to be used by them in the unChristianlike practice of vilifying and slandering their neighbors who are engaged in holy work of endeavoring to restore peace and harmony to our distracted and well-night ruined country. Let these gentlemen fulfill the duties of the high office to which they are called, and no word of denunciation will ever be found in these columns against them. We trust we entertain a proper regard for the sacred office, and it gratifies us to know that there are many pastors, and some in Iowa City, who honestly, and to the acceptance of the people, endeavor to fulfill their high missions. But we needs go out and dabble in the dirty pool of partisan politics. They seem to regard it as a part of their ministerial duties to labor for the re-election of the 'smutty old joker' who disgraces the seat of Washington." October 26, 1864-Editorial: "Students' Vote." "It has been heretofore the practice of the students of the University here, to vote at all of our elections. These young men are in a majority of cases so entirely under the thumb of the Faculty, and a majority of the Faculty is known to be so devoted to the false and dirty gods of abolitionism, that the political status of the concern is well known. Students have carried, by their vote, our city and school elections. But now we have a judicial decision against them, Judge Isbell having decided that a student from abroad is not a competent juror." November 9, 1864- Editorial: "All Over." "The battle for civil liberty regulated by the constitution of our fathers, had been fought. The result is yet in doubt, but of one thing there can be no doubt. If the enemies of the people, the villians, scoundrels and thieves who have plundered and persecuted us for the last four years have reseated themselves in the positions that they have done so by fraud and deception. We say this because such men are incapable of yielding to honest impulses if they ever have them; because, from Lincoln and Seward down to Grinnell and the meanest hound who takes his key-note from their yelpings, the whole pack is animated by the feelings that control the pickpocket and assassin. The characteristics of the pimp and sneak-thief appear in them undisguised and horribly hideous from their enlargement. That this once great and free land is to be destroyed by such monsters, is a burning shame, a shame that should cause the cheek of every lover of his country to tingle with honest indignation." [Double Standard Still In Use Women Caught in Disorderly House Get Publicity - Customers' Names Suppressed Out of 69 people found in four disorderly houses in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., on one night recently, 10 were women, says the N. Y. State Woman suffrage Party Bulletin. The names of all ten were flamboyantly spread abroad in the city newspapers the next day, but the names of the 58 men, some of them "prominent men of the city," were carefully suppressed. The fifty-ninth man, however, became abusive and he was locked up on a charge of intoxication. In other words, he was treated as if he had kept quiet he would have been shielded. Now Slanders Women Mr. John P. Irish became editor of the state Press at Iowa City, July 6, 1864. The following extracts taken from the files of his paper, now in the library of the State Historical Society in Iowa City, are from the issues under dates given. July 6, 1864- part of editorial: "Lincoln is determined to crush the liberties of our people and be absolute dictator, or is curious to know how much tyranny the American people will stand in these days, before they assert their rights as did our fathers against King George, by open defiance." July 13, 1864- Editorial: "Lincoln's Supporters." "Shoddyites, pilferers, political preachers and a few fair but foolish fanatics. The means by which his election is to be carried, bayonets, bullets, boroughs (rotten), bullying and beastliness. The result of his election will be star chamber courts on a grander scale than ever. A looseness in public and private morals equal to that which prevailed during the French Revolution. A collapse of the public credit which even now is trembling like a broken bridge." July 27, 1864- Editorial: "As will be seen by the news column, some agents of the Confederacy have been trying to open negotiations for peace and reunion. Lincoln turned all overtures by telling them that if they desired to abandon slavery he would condesend to treat with them. After this, can anyone be so crazy as to say that the war is for the Union? Can anyone be so fanatical as to desire the ruin of the country in order that slavery may be abandoned? the 5th of September approaches, when 500,000 Americans are to be dragged like beasts into the bloody arena to fight 'for the abandonment of slavery.' Will the people consent to be torn from their homes, to lose all that makes life sweet, to fight, not for the Union they have been taught to revere, not for the laws they respect, not for the security of their own homes and liberties, but to fight- that the negro, the miserable, degraded negro may be freed, that he may elevate his hideous head to a level with theirs, that he may fill places at the anvil, the bench or the plow left vacant by those who Abraham Africanus I, has commanded to fight the battles and to lay down their lives that he may be secure in another four years of power, that he may subject the people to another term of bondage, and play the first-rate knave and the second-rate fool for the amusement of the whole world? For our part, we think the people have endured long enough this drain upon their blood and treasure, and to stop it, they should demonstrate to the powers that be that the spirit of '76 is yet alive in their breasts, that a tyrant can no longer trifle with them save at the peril of his own miserable, guilt-stained head." July 27, 1864: Published letter in editorial columns, from Jos. Dickinson, in which he refers to "Lincoln, the meanest of them all," and cries- "Farmers of Iowa! Have you ever computed the cost of the undertaking into which you have been beguiled by the leaders of the abolition party?" August 10, 1864- Editorial: "Keep it before the people that Mr. Lincoln refuses to hear any proposition for peace which does not include the abandonment of slavery as an indispensable prerequisite. "Keep it before the people that this determination of the President declares the war to be an abolition raid waged for the freedom of negroes, and not for the restoration of the Union." August 17, 1864: In an editorial, refers to Lincoln as the "widow-maker" and "the national sexton." A report of a meeting held at the courthouse, of which John P. Irish was secretary, contains resolutions approving a Peace call, with the following preamble: "Whereas, The time has arrived when silence with regard to the brutal warfare in which abolitionism and its co-operating forces of fanaticism and corruption have involved us, becomes criminal," etc. August 24, 1864- Editorial: "A Suggestion." 1864=1916 By Witter Bynner (Written in Davenport, Iowa, after hearing a speech by John P. Irish who, fifty-two years ago, was calling Lincoln "fool," "knave," "sneak-thief," and "assassin.") There came a man to our town And he was wondrous wise, he jumped on every suffragist And scratched out both her eyes. He did the same to Lincoln, For freedom makes him blue, But as Lincoln has survived it, The suffragists will, too. "In an article in the Press two weeks ago, and a letter from a correspondent, the white-cravatted hypocrites of this city, who are engaged in prostituting their pulpits to the dirty work of Abolitionists, were denounced- and very properly. Salaries are paid these men that they may preach 'Jesus Christ and Him crucified' to a dying world, and not that they may turn their pulpits into a political rostrum to be used by them in the unChristianlike practice of vilifying and slandering their neighbors who are engaged in holy work of endeavoring to restore peace and harmony to our distracted and well-night ruined country. Let these gentlemen but fulfill the duties of the high office to which they are called, and no word of denunciation will ever be found in these columns against them. We trust we entertain proper regard for the sacred office, and it gratifies us to know that there are many pastors, and some in Iowa City, who honestly, and to the acceptance of the people, endeavor to fulfill their high missions. But we have some super-eminently loyal gentlemen among us who are not content to perform the appropriate duties of their calling, but must needs go out and dabble in the dirty pool of partisan politics. They seem to regard it as a part of their ministerial duties to labor for the re-election of the "smutty old joker who disgraces the seat of Washington." October 26, 1864- Editorial: "Students' Vote." "It has been heretofore the practice of the students of the University here, to vote at all of our elections. These young men are in a majority of cases so entirely under the thumb of the Faculty, and a majority of the Faculty is known to be so devoted to the false and dirty gods of abolitionism, that the political status of the concern is well known. Students have carried, by their vote, our city and school elections. But now we have a judicial decision against them, Judge Isbell having decided that a student from abroad is not a competent juror." November 9, 1864- Editorial: "All Over." "The battle for civil liberty regulated by the constitution of our fathers, has been fought. The result is yet in doubt, but of one thing there can be no doubt. If the enemies of the people, the villains, scoundrels and thieves who have plundered and persecuted us for the last four years have reseated themselves in the positions that they have already covered with the most damnable disgrace, they have done so by fraud and deception. We say this because such men are incapable of yielding to honest impulses if they ever have them; because, from Lincoln and Seward down to Grinnell and the meanest hound who takes his key-note from their yelpings, the whole pack is animated by the feelings that control the pickpocket and assassin. The characteristics of the pimp and sneak-thief appear in them undisguised and horribly hideous from their enlargement. That this once great and free land is to be destroyed by such monsters, is a burning shame, a shame that should cause the cheek of every lover of his country to tingle with honest indignation." DOUBLE STANDARD STILL IN USE Women Caught in Disorderly House Get Publicity- Customers' Names Suppressed Out of 69 people found in four disorderly houses in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., on one night recently, 10 were women, say the N. Y. State Women Suffrage Party Bulletin. The names of all ten were flamboyantly spread abroad in the city newspapers the next day, but the names of the 58 men, some of them "prominent men of the city," were carefully suppressed. The fifty-ninth man, however, became abusive and he was locked up on a charge of intoxication. In other words, he was treated as if he had been a woman. If he had kept quiet he would have been shielded by the officers of the law. Yet they say women do not need the vote because she enjoys "special privileges." [*1/24/17 Bulletin*] [*San Francisco Bulletin*] A Colonel Who Sticks to His Guns. Colonel Irish has written a letter to the editor of the New York Tribune corroborating the assertion of a Los Angeles correspondent of the same paper that the recent political catastrophe in this section was due to the feminization of the West by equal suffrage. Colonel Irish tells the Tribune's credulous readers that "the majority of the women in these suffrage states oppose suffrage and refuse to use it." "They are content," he explains, "with that high station to which their grace and their virtues have elevated them. They refuse to abdicate it. They scorn the women who do." Colonel Irish is one of the few perfect specimens in captivity of the old-fashioned anti-suffragist, who believe that women can wash dishes, cook meals, scrub floors, bring up babies, milk the cows, chop wood, go down cellar after the coal and, perhaps, put in some spare time as clerks, stenographers or factory hands without sacrificing their dainty feminine aloofness, but that to make crosses on a bit of paper in a voting booth sillies them beyond laundering. Colonel Irish has been true to his faith in unequal suffrage. He prophesied that the majority of women would not vote, and to his mind, they do not. He prophesied that the wretched few who did vote would be despised by their purer sisters, and to his mind they are. He prophesied that politics would be corrupted, and to his mind it is. For: "Conscience, good faith, belief in principles, have all been thrown to the wind... If the Eastern States wish this system fastened upon them; if they think it makes for the perpetuity of our civic institutions; if they believe treachery to be a virtue qualifying the traitors for office, they can get it all by adopting woman suffrage, and so inevitably feminizing their politics." It now becomes darkly apparent that Colonel Irish's philippic is the voice of one who not only dislikes equal suffrage, but is deeply moved by the contemplation of an incident in the life of Charles Evans Hughes, and ascribes the disappointment in which that incident terminated to the malign influence of the Western women voters. The only inconsistency in Colonel Irish's position is in his implication that a woman who is at one moment a regular angel sitting on the high station to which her grace and her virtues have elevated her may jump down, rush to the polls, cast a ballot, and immediately becomes a regular devil. He seems to doubt the stability of the feminine character. But he does stick to his guns, even when the battle is not only lost but almost forgotten, and he deserves credit for that. BROOKLYN N Y STANDARD OCTOBER 31, 1915 WOULDN'T TRUST WOMEN TO VOTE Anti-Suffragists Have Their Final Rally, Declaring Governing is a Man's Job. PLENTY FOR WOMEN TO DO. Col. Irish, of California, Talks to Masonic Temple. Women should not be entrusted with the ballot was the argument of the speakers at the wind up of the anti-suffragists' campaign last night at a mass meeting in Masonic Temple, Clermont and Lafayette avenues. Prof. Guthrie, of the College of the City of New York; Lawyer Everett P. Wheeler and Col. John P. Irish, of California, addressed the throng. Prof. Guthrie declared the vote was not desired by the majority of the women of this State. He said it was a serious change of the government to increase the electorate, and that once the ballot was given to woman it would be forever left in her hands. Governing is a man's job, Prof. Guthrie said. Mr. Wheeler stated Democracy was founded on the fundamental idea of equal opportunities. The cry of representation and taxation, he said, does not apply to women getting the ballot. The great body of men in this State, he said, are not in favor of putting the extra burden of the ballot on women. The speaker said that out of 24,000,000 women in this country 18,000,000 are wives and 3,000,000 widows. More than 17,000,000 of the women employ no servants. He said he thought these women had plenty to do at home, without being forced to take up the burden of the ballot. "The suffragists do a lot of crooked thinking and crooked talking," said Col. Irish. "They talk about being oppressed and downtrodden without the ballot, but such is not the case. We men do not oppress women. The founders of our Constitution put the burden of the ballot upon the men and there it should be allowed to rest. "When there is a riot the sheriff calls upon the men to uphold the laws of the land, if necessary, with their lives. Physical courage was given to the men by the Father of us all and spiritual courage to the women. Normal women are opposed to having the ballot. If this question were left to a vote of the women, it would be defeated." Under the auspices of the New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage a mass meeting was held last night at Carnegie Hall, Manhattan. The same arguments were heard. DEMOCRATS APPLAUD ANTI-SUFFRAGE TALK Miss Charlotte Rowe Appeals to Members of Washington Club. WOMEN IN THE AUDIENCE Speaker Denounces "Modern Feminism," Which, She Says, is Behind Suffrage Movement. Miss Charlotte Rowe of the New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage spoke last night at the Washington Club, 241 Prospect place, and denounced the "votes for women" propaganda as the source from which will spring effeminate manhood, grotesque and degraded womanhood, divided families, economical chaos and blighted posterity. Both men and women heard Miss Rowe's address and at its conclusion the members of the club rose from their seats in a body to express appreciation for her eloquence. Miss Rowe attacked woman suffrage from all angles and then supplemented her broadsides with a scathing denunciation of "modern feminism" which, she declared, was the real force behind the suffrage movement. Although apparently far removed from the "old-time" type herself- fashionably gowned and possessed of all of the versatility and vigor of the present day leaders of her sex- Miss Rowe won round after round of applause in her discourse on home, wives, mothers and children. After her introduction by Michael J. Joyce, who acted as chairman, Miss Rowe referred to the European War as it affects woman suffrage in England and the discussions on universal peace in the United States. In part she said: "If the women of England win the franchise after the war, as they predict with much boasting their victory will be the result of the bullets which are wiping out the male population, not the votes which the men of England would cast for their cause. "It is the pet contention of the suffragists of the United States that the woman's ballot will be the greatest factor in bringing about universal peace. I contradict this assertion, for it is only the big, strong men of the nation who guard its peace. Physical force must be behind every movement, and the suffragists lack this prime factor. Men must back up the women's vote." Discussing the situation in this State, Miss Rowe said: "If the women of New York are granted the ballot, the number of voters will be doubled, while the power of the individual ballot will be reduced one-half. With this increase, the State will be compelled to spend $10,000,000 each time a Governor is elected, as compared with half of that amount at present, while the family's power as a unit with the ballot will be nullified. The weapons of men are not for women. Women can win, but they can win only by inspiring men. When they take up the weapons of men, they become grotesque. At its best, partisan politics can never be cleared of its mudslinging, and while men can shake off this mud without a stain on honor or reputation, no woman can survive the degradation. For this reason, if no other, no wife or mother should be asked to seek political privilege." As the stepped from the platform, Miss Rowe was surrounded by a group of men and women, to whom she declared that if the present anti-suffrage campaign is successful, the fight will be continued and that woman suffrage will be defeated for all time "if we must go to Colorado to do it." BROOKLYN N Y TIMES OCTOBER 16, 1915 SUFFRAGE AT CHURCH CLUB "Woman Suffrage" will be the subject of the opening meeting of the St. Matthew's Club, in the parish hall, McDonough street and Tompkins avenue. The speakers are to be Mrs. Harriet T. Comstock and James Lees Laidlaw. BROOKLYN N Y EAGLE OCTOBER 27, 1915 ANTIS DRAW LARGE CROWD Miss Chittenden Says Suffrage Swells State Expense. An enthusiastic audience greeted Miss Alice Hill Chittenden, president of the New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage, at an anti-suffrage mass meeting last evening in Palm Garden, Hamburg and Greene avenues. The large hall was well filled. Mrs. John Bulk Jr. presided. Miss Chittenden referred to California when she spoke of the increase of election expense. She said that when women voted in 1911 the expense was increased $1,637,000, or 133 per cent. Harrison H. Glore agreed with Miss Chittenden on the subject of women not being able now to assume responsibilities of voting. BROOKLYN N Y CITIZEN OCTOBER 27, 1915 COMING EVENTS TO-DAY. Bushwick Anti-Suffrage Committee meeting, Palm Garden, Greene and Hamburg avenues. Speakers, Alice Hill Chittenden and H. H. Glore. BROOKLYN, N. Y., NEWS NOVEMBER 3, 1915 "ANTI-SUFF" SLAMS MODERN FEMINISM Miss Charlotte E. Rowe, treasurer of the Wage Earners' Anti-Suffrage Society, denounced modern feminism and all that it stands for at the regular meeting of the Franklin Literary Society, held at the Pacific Branch of the Brooklyn Public Library. She declared that women have their hands full in the home. Miss Rowe condemned as vandals those who urge women to enter politics and to carve out public careers for themselves. Regarding the parade, Miss Rowe remarked that if working women and college girls were to study domestic science they would do more good in the world than marching up Fifth avenue. Other speakers were Mrs. George Phillips, campaign manager of the Brooklyn anti-suffrage organization; E. F. Driggs, Franklin Taylor and Charles J. Ryan. [*Bulletin Kindly return CAT*] A Colonel Who Sticks to His Guns. -------------------------------------- COLONEL IRISH has written a letter to the editor of the New York Tribune corroborating the assertion of a Los Angeles correspondent of the same paper that the recent political catastrophe in this section was due to the feminization of the West by equal suffrage. Colonel Irish tells the Tribune's credulous readers that "the majority of the women in these suffrage States oppose suffrage and refuse to use it." "They are content," he explains, "with that high station to which their grace and their virtues have elevated them. They refuse to abdicate it. They scorn the women who do." Colonel Irish is one of the few perfect specimens in captivity of the old-fashioned anti-suffragist, who believe that women can wash dishes, cook meals, scrub floors, bring up babies, milk the cows, chop wood, go down cellar after the coal and, perhaps, put in some spare time as clerks, stenographers or factory hands without sacrificing their dainty feminine aloofness, but that to make crosses on a bit of paper in a voting booth sullies them beyond laundering. Colonel Irish has been true to his faith in unequal suffrage. He prophesied that the majority of women would not vote, and to his mind they do not. He prophesied that the wretched few who did vote would be despised by their purer sisters, and to his mind they are. He prophesied that politics would be corrupted, and to his mind it is. For: "Conscience, good faith, belief in principles, have all been thrown to the wind... If the Eastern States wish this system fastened upon them; if they think it makes for the perpetuity of our civic institutions; if they believe treachery to be a virtue qualifying the traitors for office, they can get it all by adopting woman suffrage, and so inevitably feminizing their politics." It now becomes darkly apparent that the Colonel Irish's philippic is the voice of one who not only dislikes equal suffrage, but is deeply moved by the contemplation of an incident in the life of Charles Evan Hughes, and ascribes the disappointment in which that incident terminated to the malign influence of the Western women voters. The only inconsistency in Colonel Irish's position is in his implication that a woman who is at one moment a regular angel sitting on the high station to which her grace and her virtues have elevated her may jump down, rush to the polls, cast a ballot, and immediately become a regular devil. He seems to doubt the stability of the feminine character. But he does stick to his guns, even when the battle is not only lost but almost forgotten, and he deserves credit for that. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PRESIDENT WILSON is blamed in some quarter for promoting Dr. Grayson to the rank of rear admiral. Of course this is the first time in the history of the United States that any person in the government service was ever promoted because he had a "pull." Everybody knows that. No President ever appointed a postmaster for political reasons. Nobody raised Leonard Wood from army surgeon to major-general on account of personal friendship. Nobody ever appointed an ambassador for any reason other than the appointee's fitness for the job. President Wilson liked Dr. Grayson and promoted him. Such a thing never happened before. [*4 e??nes*] THE WOMAN'S JOURNAL, JUNE 3, 1916 John P. Irish Attacked Lincoln As He Now Attacks Suffrage Called him "Fool," "Knave," "Smutty Old Joker," and Said He Was Determined to Crush the Liberties of the People-"Noble Patriot" Now Slanders Women [*Antisuf-Personalities (Inst 6/3/16*] Mr. John P. Irish became editor of the State Press at Iowa City, July 6, 1864. The following extracts taken from the files of his paper, now in the library of the State Historical Society in Iowa City, are from the issues under dates given. July 6, 1864-part of editorial: "Lincoln is determined to crush the liberties of our people and be absolute dictator, or is curious to know how much tyranny the American people will stand in these days, before they assert their rights as did our fathers against King George, by open defiance." July 13, 1864-Editorial: "Lincoln's Supporters." "Shoddyites, pilferers, political preachers and a few fair but foolish fanatics. The means by which his election is to be carried, bayonets, bullets, boroughs (rotten), bullying and beastliness. The result of his election will be star chamber courts on a grander scale than ever. A looseness in public and private morals equal to that which prevailed during the French Revolution. A collapse of the public credit which even now is trembling like a broken bridge." July 27, 1864-Editorial: "As will be seen by the news column, some agents of the Confederacy have been trying to open negotiations for peace and reunion. Lincoln turned all overtures by telling them that if they desired to abandon slavery he would condescend to treat with them. After this, can anyone be so crazy as to say that the war is for the Union? Can anyone be so fanatical as to desire the ruin of the country in order that slavery may be abandoned? The 5th of September approaches, when 500,000 Americans are to be dragged like beasts into the bloody arena to fight 'for the abandonment of slavery.' Will the people consent to be torn from their homes, to lose all that makes life sweet, to fight, not for the Union they have been taught to revere, not for the laws they respect, not for the security of their own homes and liberties, but to fight-that the negro, the miserable, degraded negro may be freed, that he may elevate his hideous head to a level with theirs, that he may fill places at the anvil, the bench or the plow left vacant by those whom Abraham Africanus I, has commanded to fight the battles and to lay down their lives that he may be secure in another four years of power, that he may subject the people to another term of bondage, and play the first-rate fool for the amusement of the whole world? For our part, we think the people have endured long enough this drain upon their blood and treasure, and to stop it, they should demonstrate to the powers that be that the spirit of '76 is yet alive in their breasts, that a tyrant can no longer trifle with them save at the peril of his computed the cost of the undertaking into which you have been beguiled by the leaders of the abolition party?" August 10, 1864-Editorial: "Keep it before the people that Mr. Lincoln refuses to hear any proposition for peace which does not include the abandonment of slavery as an indispensable prerequisite. "Keep it before the people that this determination of the President declares the war to be an abolition raid waged for the freedom of negroes, and not for the restoration of the Union." August 17, 1864: In an editorial, refers to Lincoln as "the widow-maker" and "the national sexton". A report of a meeting held at the courthouse, of which John P. Irish was secretary, contains resolutions approving a Peace call, with the following preamble: "Whereas, The time has arrived when silence with regard to the brutal warfare in which abolitionism and its co-operating forces of fanaticism and corruption have involved us, becomes criminal," etc. August 24, 1864-Editorial: "A Suggestion." 1864-1916 By Witter Bynner (Written in Davenport, Iowa, after hearing a speech by John P. Irish who, fifty-two years ago, was calling Lincoln "fool," "knave," "sneak-thief" and "assassin.") There came a man to our town And he was wondrous wise He jumped on every suffragist And scratched out both her eyes. He did the same to Lincoln, For freedom makes him blue, But as Lincoln survived it, The suffragists will too. "In an article in the Press two weeks ago, and a letter from a correspondent, the white-cravatted hypocrites of this city, who are engaged in prostituting their pulpits to the dirty work of Abolitionists, were denounced-and very properly. Salaries are paid these men that they may preach 'Jesus Christ and Him crucified' to a dying world, and not that they may turn their pulpits into a political rostrum to be used by them in the unChristianlike practice of vilifying and slandering their neighbors who are engaged in holy work of endeavoring to restore peace and harmony to our distracted and well-night ruined country. Let these gentlemen but fulfill the duties of the high office to which they are called, and no word of denunciation will ever be found in these columns against them. We trust we entertain a proper regard for the sacred office, and it gratified us to know that there are many pastors, and some in Iowa City, needs to go out and dabble in the dirty pool of partisan politics. They seem to regard it as a part of their ministerial duties to labor for the re-election of the 'smutty old joker' who disgraces the seat of Washington." October 26, 1864-Editorial: "Students' Vote." "It has been heretofore the practice of the students of the University here, to vote at all of our elections. These young men are in a majority of cases so entirely under the thumb of the Faculty, and a majority of the Faculty is known to be so devoted to the false and dirty gods of abolitionism, that the political status of the concern is well known. Students have carried, by their vote, our city and school elections. But now we have a judicial decision against them, Judge Isbell having decided that a student from abroad is not a competent juror." November 9, 1864-Editorial: "All Over." "The battle for civil liberty regulated by the constitution of our fathers, has been fought. The result is yet in doubt, but of one thing there can be no doubt. If the enemies of the people, the villains, scoundrels, and thieves who have plundered and persecuted us for the last four years have reseated themselves in the positions that they have already covered with the most damnable disgrace, they have done so by fraud and deception. We say this because such men are incapable of yielding to honest impulses if they ever have them; because, from Lincoln and Seward down to Grinnell and the meanest hound who takes his key-note from their yelpings, the whole pack is animated by the feelings that control the pickpocket and assassin. The characteristics of the pimp and sneak-thief appear in them undisguised and horribly hideous from their enlargement. That this once great and free land is to be destroyed by such monsters, is a burning shame, a shame that should cause the cheek of every lover of his country to tingle with honest indignation." [DOUBLE STANDARD STILL IN USE Women Caught in Disorderly House Get Publicity-Customers' Names Suppressed Out of 69 people found in four disorderly houses in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., on one night recently, 10 were women, says the N. Y. State Women Suffrage Party Bulletin. The names of all ten were flamboyantly spread abroad in the city newspapers the next day, but the names of the 58 men, some of them "prominent men of the city," were carefully suppressed. The fifty-ninth man, however, became abusive and he was locked up on a charge of intoxication. In other] July 6 1864. The following extracts taken from the files of his paper, now in the library of the State Historical Society in Iowa City, are from the issues under dates given. July 6, 1864- part of editorial: "Lincoln is determined to crush the liberties of our people and be absolute dictator, or is curious to know how much tyranny the American people will stand in these days, before they assert their rights as did our fathers against King George, by open defiance." July 13, 1864 - Editorial "Lincoln's Supporters." "Shoddyites, pilferers, political preachers and a few fair but foolish fanatics. The means by which his election is to be carried, bayonets, bullets, boroughs (rotten), bullying, and beastliness. The result of his election will be star chamber courts on a grander scale than ever. A looseness in public and private morals equal to that which prevailed during the French Revolution. A collapse of the public credit which even now is trembling like a broken bridge." July 27, 1864- Editorial: "As will be seen by the news column, some agents of the Confederacy have been trying to open negotiations for peace and reunion. Lincoln turned all overtures by telling them that if they desired to abandon slavery he would condesend to treat with them. After this, can anyone be so crazy as to say that the war is for the Union? Can anyone be so fanatical as to desire the ruin of the country in order that slavery may be abandoned? The 5th of September approaches, when 500,000 Americans are dragged like beasts into the bloody arena to fight 'for the abandonment of slavery.' Will the people consent to be torn from their homes, to lose all that makes life sweet, to fight, not for the Union they have been taught to revere, not for the laws they respect, not for the security of their own homes and liberties, but to fight- that the negro, the miserable, degraded negro may be freed, that he may elevate his hideous head to a level with theirs, that he may fill places at the anvil, the bench or the plow left vacant by those whom Abraham Africanus I, has commanded to fight the battles and to lay down their lives that he may be secure in another four years of power, that he may subject the people to another term of bondage, and play the first-rate knave and the second-rate fool for the amusement of the whole world? For our part, we think the people have endured long enough this drain upon their blood and treasure, and to stop it, they should demonstrate to the powers that be that the spirit of '76 is yet alive in their breasts, that a tyrant can no longer trifle with them save at the peril of his own miserable, guilt-stained head." July 27, 1864: Published letter in editorial columns, from Jos. Dickinson, in which he refers to "Lincoln, the meanest of them all," and cries - "Farmers of Iowa! Have you ever... beguiled by the leaders of the abolition party?" August 10, 1864 - Editorial: "Keep it before the people that Mr. Lincoln refuses to hear any proposition for peace which does not include the abandonment of slavery as an indispensable prerequisite. "Keep it before the people that this determination of the President declares the war to be an abolition raid waged for the freedom of negroes, and not for the restoration of the Union." August 17, 1864: In an editorial, refers to Lincoln as "the widow-maker" and "the national sexton." A report of a meeting held at the courthouse, of which John P. Irish was secretary, contains resolutions approving a Peace call, with the following preamble: "Whereas, The time has arrived when silence with regard to the brutal warfare in which abolitionism and its co-operating forces of fanaticism and corruption have involved us, becomes criminal," etc. August 24, 1864- Editorial: "A Suggestion." 1864=1916 By Witter Brynner (Written in Davenport, Iowa, after hearing a speech by John P. Irish who, fifty-two years ago, was calling Lincoln "fool", "knave," "sneak-thief" and "assassin.") There came a man to our town And he was wondrous wise, He jumped on every suffragist And scratched out both her eyes. He did the same to Lincoln, For freedom makes him blue, But as Lincoln has survived it, The suffragists will, too. "In an article in the Press two weeks ago, and a letter from a correspondent, the white-cravatted hypocrites of this city, who are engaged in prostituting their pulpits to the dirty work of Abolitionists, were denounced - and very properly. Salaries are paid these men that they may preach 'Jesus Christ and Him crucified' to a dying world, and not that they may turn their pulpits into a political rostrum to be used by them in the unChristianlike practice of vilifying and slandering their neighbors who are engaged in holy work of endeavoring to, restore peace and harmony to our distracted and well-night ruined country. Let these gentlemen but fulfill the duties of the high office to which they are called, and no word of denunciation will ever be found in these columns against them. We trust we entertain a proper regard for the sacred office, and it gratifies us to know that there are many pastors, and some in Iowa City, who honestly, and to the acceptance of the people, endeavor to fulfill their high missions. But we have some super-eminently loyal gentlemen among us who are not content to perform the appropriate duties of their calling, but must... ministerial duties to labor for the re-election of the 'smutty old joker' who disgraces the seat of Washington." October 26, 1864 - Editorial: "Students' Vote." "It has been heretofore the practice of the students of the University here, to vote at all of our elections. These young men are in a majority of cases so entirely under the thumb of the Faculty, and a majority of the Faculty is known to be so devoted to the false and dirty gods of abolitionism, that the political status of the concern is well known. Students have carried, by their vote, our city and school elections. But now we have a judicial decision against them, Judge Isbell having decided that a student from abroad is not a competent juror." November 9, 1864 - Editorial: "All Over." "The battle for civil liberty regulated by the constitution of our fathers, has been fought. The result is yet in doubt, but of one thing there can be no doubt. If the enemies of the people, the villians, scoundrels and thieves who have plundered and persecuted us for the last four years have reseated themselves in the positions that they have already covered with the most damnable disgrace, they have done so by fraud and deception. We say this because such men are incapable of yielding to honest impulses if they ever have them; because, from Lincoln and Seward down to Grinnell and the meanest hound who takes his key-note from their yelpings, the whole pack is animated by the feelings that control the pickpocket and assassin. The characteristics of the pimp and sneak-thief appear in them undisguised and horribly hideous from their enlargement. That this once great and free land is to be destroyed by such monsters, is a burning shame, a shame that should cause the cheek of every lover of his country to tingle with honest indignation." [DOUBLE STANDARD STILL IN USE Women Caught in Disorderly House Get Publicity - Customers' Names Suppressed Out of 69 people found in four disorderly houses in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., on one night recently, 10 were women, says the N.Y. State Woman Suffrage Party Bulletin. The names of all ten were flamboyantly spread abroad in the city newspapers the next day, but the names of the 58 men, some of them "prominent men of the city," were carefully suppressed. The fifty-ninth man, however, became abusive and he was locked up on a charge of intoxication. In other words, he was treated as if he had been a woman. If he had kept quiet he would have been shielded by the officers of the law. Yet they say women do not need the vote because she enjoys "special privileges."] The Woman's Journal, June 3, 1916 From The States Wisconsin For the first time in the history of Wisconsin the cause of woman suffrage was presented to a meeting of delegates to a national political convention, when Mrs. H. M. Youmans, Waukesha, and Mrs. A. J. Rogers and Mrs. G. W. Van Derzee of Milwaukee, appeared at a meeting of the Democratic delegation. Mrs. Youmans made a half-hour address, presenting reasons why the national Democratic platform should include a woman suffrage plank. She was received with every courtesy and much evidence of interest. No effort was made to bind the delegates. Ohio "Get ready" was the slogan sounded by Mrs. Harriet Taylor Upton, president of the Ohio Woman Suffrage Association, at the recent 14th Congressional District meeting at Akron. "I am hopeful," she said, "that the Republican national convention will place a suffrage plank in their platform and that the Democrats will take a similar step. This will mean real work, hard fighting on the part of suffragists. So I say, get ready." Mrs. Upton acted as toastmaster at a noonday luncheon given at Hotel Howe, at which Mrs. Newton D. Baker, wife of the Secretary of War, and for many years an enthusiastic suffragist, was the honor guest and one of the speakers. Following the luncheon an enthusiastic meeting was held in the parlors of Hotel Howe, when problems of organization, campaign work and finance were discussed. Delegates from all sections of the 14th District, which comprises Summit, Lorain, Medina and Portage Counties. At a meeting of the executive board prior to the conference Miss Zara du Pont presented her resignation as chairman of the State finance committee, and Mrs. Malcom McBride of Cleveland was chosen to serve in her stead. Miss Pearl Helfrich of Bowling Green was made chairman of the State press committee. All State suffrage news should be sent to her at Warren, as she will do her work at State headquarters. The Resolutions Committee of the State Democratic Convention will give the Ohio W. S. A. a hearing June 1 when the convention meets at Columbus. The State president and Mrs. B. B. Sawyer, president of the Franklin County E. S. A., will be the speakers. Twenty life members have been added to the State Association since the last report to the Woman's Journal. Michigan The Goodrich line has sent out letters announcing their special rates to Chicago for the parade to all members of the Kent County Equal Suffrage Association, and effort will be made to send one hundred suffragists from Grand Rapids alone. From South Haven and other points many will go by boat, while an effort is being made- South Dakota A recent editorial in the Edgemont Enterprise says: "From this time on the Enterprise will advocate the right of women to vote—woman suffrage. Always, we have had a sneaking notion that they were entitled to this recognition and have always felt ashamed that we had not been for it. But it's better to reform late than never to reform at all, and now we're going to boost the movement. There are many reasons for this stand. One reason stands out on the screen of our memory distinct and vivid. A remembrance of an election day in a city, where auto load after auto load of bums and moral hoboes were taken to the polls to exercise the right of suffrage, while in the homes were thousands of truehearted, cultured women, denied the privilege vouchsafed to these irresponsible men, these off-scourings of the gutters. Tell us that women cannot be trusted to vote intelligently, but that the hobo can, and we'll demand to know the reason. Oh, yes, this paper is for woman suffrage, all right, from this time on." Illinois The women of Jacksonville are taking an active part in municipal affairs, and helped to elect dry officials at last year's election, writes Mrs. Lillian Danskin, president of Woman's Civic League. Women serve upon all the boards of the city, and there are now eight police women, more than in any other town of its size in the country. A sanitary committee of over sixty women help to enforce the sanity laws. Pennsylvania Uncle Sam was interviewed allegorically, and Barbara Frietchie, Betsy Ross, and other women whose names are written on the pages of American history appeared in the garden fete Memorial Day on the lawn at Greene and Duval streets, Germantown, Philadelphia. The fete was held by the fifteenth legislative district of the Woman Suffrage Party, under the direction of Mrs. Ernest T. Toogood. "Uncle Sam's Daughters" is the play in which the historically famous women took part. Besides the play, a May pole dance was given, and more than a score of booths offered a tempting array of articles and sweetmeats. The "spokesman" in the interview between suffragists and Uncle Sam was Miss Adelaide Borah, niece of Senator Borah, of Idaho. Harriet Beecher Stowe was portrayed by Miss Jane Campbell. Virginia Every member of the Roanoke delegation to the recent State Democratic convention was presented with a suffrage map of- The Iowa- Despite the inclement weather on May 20 the Suffrage May Festival at Fairfield, given under the auspices of the Jefferson county suffragists, was a big success. A large parade of floats and gaily decked autos was headed by John T. Davies, a prominent local man; in the train of the autos and floats came the Colonial children, dames and fathers, then the suffragists, followed by the Parson College seniors, and last of all the May Pole dancers. Miss Josephine Casey of Chicago, State suffrage speaker, gave the principal address of the day. E. E. Felker of Burlington gave a short talk. The week of May 22 was suffrage week at the Sioux City baseball park. Every man who entered the park was presented with suffrage literature and a "Votes for Women" button. Mrs. F. E. Horton, the head of the literature committee of the suffrage club, had charge of the movement and was assisted by the members of the- Georgia A movement has been put under way by the suffragists of Georgia for a campaign before the coming Legislature for a bill giving women municipal suffrage rights in every town and city of the State. The Georgia Bar Association, which meets the first of June at Tybee, near Savannah, will be asked to recommend that women be allowed to practice law in Georgia on equal terms with men. Last year the resolution to endorse the bill pending in the Legislature to remove the disqualifications of women was voted on by the association and lost by two votes, so the suffragists are very hopeful that it will be favorably acted upon this summer. Owing to the constantly increasing interest in suffrage throughout the South, and the demand for suffrage speakers, the manager of the Alkahest Lyceum System has felt it necessary to secure for the Chautauqua programs the able and brilliant suffragist, Mrs. Grace Wilbur Trout, of Chicago. This announcement has been greeted with great enthusiasm. Mrs. Emily MacDougald and Miss Aurelia Roach will be among the suffragists from Georgia who will be in Chicago to attend the suffrage demonstrations. Minnesota One of the State's loyal suffragist knights, Mr. S. A. Stockwell, of Minneapolis, is giving two weeks to Iowa, speaking several times each day in towns in the- -a meeting of the Democratic delegation. Mrs. Youmans made a half-hour address, presenting reasons why the national Democratic platform should include a woman suffrage plank. She was received with every courtesy and much evidence of interest. No effort was made to bind the delegates. Ohio "Get ready" was the slogan sounded by Mrs. Harriet Taylor Upton, president of the Ohio Woman Suffrage Association, at the recent 14th Congressional District meeting at Akron. "I am hopeful," she said, "that the Republican national convention will place a suffrage plank in their platform and that the Democrats will take a similar step. This will mean real work, hard fighting on the part of suffragists. So I say, get ready." Mrs. Upton acted as toastmaster at a noonday luncheon given at Hotel Howe, at which Mrs. Newton D. Baker, wife of the Secretary of War, and for many years an enthusiastic suffragist, was the honor guest and one of the speakers. Following the luncheon an enthusiastic meeting was held in the parlors of Hotel Howe, when problems of organization, campaign work and finance were discussed. Delegates from all sections of the 14th District, which comprises Summit, Lorain, Medina, and Portage Counties. At a meeting of the executive board prior to the conference Miss Zara du Pont presented her resignation as chairman of the State finance committee, and Mrs. Malcom McBride of Cleveland was chosen to serve in her stead. Miss Pearl Helfrich of Bowling Green was made chairman of the State press committee. All State suffrage news should be sent to her at Warren, as she will do her work at State headquarters. The Resolutions Committee of the State Democratic Convention will give the Ohio W. S. A. a hearing June 1 when the convention meets at Columbus. The State president and Mrs. B. B. Sawyer, president of the Franklin County E. S. A., will be the speakers. Twenty life members have been added to the State Association since the last report to the Woman's Journal. Michigan The Goodrich line has sent out letters announcing their special rates to Chicago for the parade for all members of the Kent County Equal Suffrage Association, and efforts will be made to send one hundred suffragists from Grand Rapids alone. From South Haven and other points many will go by boat, while an effort is being made to secure a large number to go on the special train from Detroit to Chicago. Michigan will have headquarters in Chicago, and those who go by train will return the same day. It is planned to give short rear-end platform suffrage talks at the various station stops along the line. -felt ashamed that we had not been for it. But it's better to reform late than never to reform at all, and now we're going to boost the movement. There are many reasons for this stand. One reason stands out on the screen of our memory distinct and vivid. A remembrance of an election day in a city, where auto load after auto load of bums and moral hoboes were taken to the polls to exercise the right of suffrage, while in the homes were thousands of true-hearted, cultured women, denied the privilege vouchsafed to these irresponsible men, these off-scourings of the gutters. Tell us that women cannot be trusted to vote intelligently, but that the hobo can, and we'll demand to know the reason. Oh, yes, this paper is for woman suffrage, all right, from this time on." Illinois The women of Jacksonville are taking an active part in municipal affairs, and helped to elect dry officials at last year's election, writes Mrs. Lillian Danksin, president of the Woman's Civic League. Women serve upon all the boards of the city, and there are now eight police women, more than in any other town of its size in the country. A sanitary committee of over sixty women help to enforce the sanitary laws. Pennsylvania Uncle Sam was interviewed allegorically, and Barbara Frietchie, Betsy Ross, and other women whose names are written on the pages of American history appeared in the garden fete Memorial Day on the lawn at Greene and Duval streets, Germantown, Philadelphia. The fete was held by the fifteenth legislative district of the Woman Suffrage Party, under the direction of Mrs. Ernest T. Toogood. "Uncle Sam's Daughters" is the play in which the historically famous women took part. Besides the play, a May pole dance was given, and more than a score of booths offered a tempting array of articles and sweetmeats. The "spokesman" in the interview between suffragists and Uncle Sam was Miss Adelaide Borah, niece of Senator Borah, of Idaho. Harriet Beecher Stowe was portrayed by Miss Jane Campbell. Virginia Every member of the Roanoke delegation to the recent State Democratic convention was presented with a suffrage map of North America, and asked to use his influence for a plank in the State and national platforms, "to the end that justice may wear a more resplendent jewel in her diadem, represented by a declaration of the right that equal suffrage for men and women should prevail." -came the Colonial children, dames and fathers, then the suffragists, followed by the Parson College seniors, and last of all the May Pole dancers. Miss Josephine Casey of Chicago, State suffrage speaker, gave the principal address of the day. E. E. Felker of Burlington gave a short talk. The week of May 22 was suffrage week at the Sioux City baseball park. Every man who entered the park was presented with suffrage literature and a "Votes for Women" button. Mrs. F. E. Horton, the head of the literature committee of the suffrage club, had charge of the movement and was assisted by the member of the- Georgia A movement has been put underway by the suffragists of Georgia for a campaign before the coming Legislature for a bill giving women municipal suffrage rights in every town and city of the State. The Georgia Bar Association, which meets the first of June at Tybee, near Savannah, will be asked to recommend that women be allowed to practice law in Georgia on equal terms with men. Last year the resolution to endorse the bill pending in the Legislature to remove the disqualifications of women was voted on by the association and lost by two votes, so the suffragists are very hopeful that it will be favorably acted upon this summer. Owing to the constantly increasing interest in suffrage throughout the South, and the demand for suffrage speakers, the manager of the Alkahest Lyceum System has felt it necessary to secure for the Chautauqua programs the able and brilliant suffragist, Mrs. Grace Wilbur Trout, of Chicago. This announcement has been greeted with great enthusiasm. Mrs. Emily MacDougald and Miss Aurelia Roach will be among the suffragists from Georgia who will be in Chicago to attend the suffrage demonstrations. Minnesota One of the State's loyal suffragist knights, Mr. S. A. Stockwell, of Minneapolis, is giving two weeks to Iowa, speaking several times each day in towns in the southern part of the State. Several delegations called upon Republican and Democratic delegates in Minneapolis, May 29, starting from suffrage headquarters in automobiles at 10 o'clock, and ending with a luncheon at one. Minnesota will send a good delegation of suffragists to the parades. [*Irish*] COLONEL JOHN P. IRISH. It is a matter of common knowledge that Colonel Irish spoke for the liquor interests in California, but it seems to be impossible to get documentary proof. You may remember that in 1915 he threatened to sue Dr. Shaw for making a statement to this effect. California people refer to him with a laugh as "a gas-bag for sale to the highest bidder." D.M. Gandier, State Superintendent California Campaign Federation, 11/15/15:- "It is generally understood and has been frequently stated that he was employed by the liquor interests of this state to oppose prohibition last year. I do not think this has ever been denied. One thing is certain, he did oppose prohibition until it was found that the intense dislike entertained by labor union men for Mr.Irish rendered his influence harmful rather than helpful to the liquor man's cause. Why this was discovered, he was dropped as a public speaker. I have heard it said that he was paid by the California Protective Association to campaign against woman suffrage in this State. I do not know how much truth there is in this statement. That association was organized to protect the liquor interests. Mrs. Alice Park of Palo Alto, 10/9/15:- "Irish has been laughed at for years in California. He has no standing. He is a tool of the corporations. He denied four years ago that he was paid to oppose woman suffrage, but the accusation was persistent." Mrs. Mabel Craft Deering, San Francisco, 10/9/15: "Irish does not hesitate to misquote. He was caught doing so in public debate here, and opposed by Dr. Charles F. Aked. He falsifies suffrage conditions in California. Compare his statements with the joint resolution of the California Legislature of April 27 of this year. Isadore Jacobs, 10/20/15:- "Wiring you at request Mrs. Kate Barrett regarding Colonel Irish record for many years special privileged interests have purchased his oratorical services he recently represented California liquor interests in fight against prohibition strong probability now representing liquor -2- interests in fight against woman suffrage corroboration these facts readily obtainable many sources." Colonel Irish is an old man and was formerly a citizen of Iowa. From his past record Irish suffragists glean two important facts; he was a bitter "copper-head". [and] I am sending a copy of his perfectly unbridled attacks on Lincoln in 1864. In the second place, in 1870 he warmlyssupported a woman suffrage amendment in the Iowa Legislature. In the legislative session of 1870, an amendment proposing woman suffrage was passed by both Houses, and it passed the Assembly in 1872, [and] but was defeated in the Senate. John B.Irish engineered the amendment through the House in both these years and made two long speeches in support of it which are quoted in the Des Moines Register and Leader of May 24,1916. These two facts from his early record, showing on the one hand inconsistency, on the other a reactionary tendency, the Iowa suffragists found could be used with great effect against him. THE WOMEN'S JOURNAL, OCTOBER 30, 1915 NEW YORK ISSUES THREE BALLOTS Suffrage Amendment Comes First on One Ticket- Voter Must Heed Instructions According to information received from the office of the Secretary of the State of New York three ballots will be issued to voters in New York State on Nov. 2, one for general officers, one for questions relating to the revised constitution, and one ballot for the amendments submitted by the Legislature. The woman suffrage amendment is Amendment No. 1 of the legislative amendments. The amendment will be printed on a ticket that will carry one other amendment, "Amendment No. 2," and one propositon, "Proposition No. 1." The woman suffrage amendment comes first on this ticket. A great many voters are under the impression that the woman suffrage amendment will be printed in full on the ballot. That is not true. The amendment is covered by the question, "Shall the proposed amendment to section one of article two of the constitution, conferring equal suffrage upon women, be approved?" By marking the square opposite the Yes with a X the voter goes on record for woman suffrage. At the top of the ballot are the following instructions to voters: 1. To vote "YES" on any question make a cross X mark in the square opposite the word "Yes." 2. To vote "NO" make a cross X mark in the square opposite "No." 3. Mark only with a pencil having black lead. Any other mark, erasure or tear on the ballot renders it void. 5. If you tear, or deface, or wrongly mark this ballot, return it and obtain another. A vote for woman suffrage is not a vote for the new constitution. SUTHERLAND TO START MEASURE Will Introduce Nation-Wide Amendment in Senate on First Day of Congress Senator Sutherland of Utah and Representative Mondell of Wyoming will offer the Susan B. Anthony Equal Suffrage amendment COL. IRISH SHOWN TO BE NO CREDIT TO HOME STATE Noted California Citizens Disavow Colonel's Statements at Great Protest Meeting in Boston and Show Him Up as Tool of Vicious Interests The protest meeting held in Faneuil Hall, Boston, on Oct. 20, against Colonel John P. Irish of California, and the alleged statements he has made during his tour of Massachusetts, drew a large and intensely interested audience. Miss Helen Todd of California was the principal speaker. She said she was sent here by the Western women voters "primarily to defend the name of the voting women of the West, falsely blackened." During the meeting Mrs. Agnes H. Morey presented this resolution, which was adopted by a rising vote: Whereas, the opponents of equal suffrage have now imported from California, to calumniate the women of that State, a certain John P. Irish, who is known there as an inveterate enemy of the laboring man, a useful tool of the corporations, a sympathetic representative of the liquor interests and a reactionary opponent of all reform movements, whose advocacy injures any cause he speaks for in California; Resolved, That this meeting registers an emphatic protest against the bringing into our Commonwealth for political purposes a man whose statements are at variance with those of the Governor and the Legislature of his own State and of those persons of reputation best able to judge of conditions there; and protest against the pretence that Mr. Irish in any sense speaks for the State of California. Miss Todd said that she did not know Colonel Irish of California, so she wired home for information. Of the telegrams received, all in answer to alleged statements by Colonel Irish, one was from the editor of the San Francisco Bulletin to the effect that Colonel Irish was "roundly hissed" in that city for his arguments. Another telegram was from Chief Justice Angelotti of the Supreme Court of California, saying that suffrage was entirely satisfactory in that State. A telegram from United States Senator Phelan said that no question has been raised in California by any well-informed persons as to the wisdom of suffrage and that it was a fixed policy of the State, without the slightest danger of repeal. One from Mabel C. Deering said that "Irish does not hesitate to misquote." In the opinion of Miss Toss, one of the most important was from Attorney General Webb, which was an answer to an assertion by Col. Irish that women election officials had stuffed ballot boxes. It read: "The records [?] this office show no women convicted or charged with election frauds." The speaker also read a resolution passed by the California Legislature this year. Miss Todd spent considerable time on the alleged statement by Colonel Irish that only the women of the underworld voted in California. She said that eighty-four per cent. of all the women in Los Angeles eligible to vote voted the first chance they got. She said the vote in California in 1914 for all candidates was [?]26,689, while the vote in Massachusetts that year was 458,203, this despite the fact that there were a million more people in Massachusetts than in California. Mrs. John Ellis has been awarded the custody of her daughter, Olga, in the court at Tokio, Japan. The attempt of Mrs. Eills to secure custody of her daughter began several years ago in Massachusetts. Mrs. Eills was granted the custody of the child, but before the decree could be enforced Mr. Ellis left the United States with his daughter and went to Japan. JERSEY DEFEATED ALL AMENDMENTS Mrs. [?]o[?]ssing Points Significant BIG VOTE CAST IN NEW JERSEY More Than Four Times As Many Ballots As A Previous Special Election The official canvass of the returns of the New Jersey election have not yet been announced, but the total vote is estimated at 314,134. The great interest in equal suffrage which this indicates can be estimated when it is remembered that at a previous special election in New Jersey in JOHN C. PAIGE & CO. INSURANCE 111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK Fire Insurance covering Loss of Property and Rents Dwelling Liability, Water Damage and Burglary Insurance Jewelry and Tourists' Baggage Floaters 65 KILBY ST., BOSTON Life, Personal Accident and Health Insurance for Men and Women Court and Fidelity Bonds and Automobile Insurance Marine Insurance "I should like to see the world really try sometime to find out what all the people can and will do," saya "Sid" in the November American. "Everybody talks about democracy, but nobody wants to try it." The Republic, a leading Catholic paper of Boston, and the organ of former Mayor Fitzgerald, said on Oct. 23: "Woman suffrage is in no sense a religious issue. Many earnest Catholic women are in favor of it. Many notable ecclesiastics advocate it. Many women of other beliefs oppose it." The suffrage agitation is not a new movement. It began back in the days when our grandfathers signed the Declaration of Independence, and has continued growing in strength from year to year. - Anna H. Shaw. "What the woman is to be within her gates, as the centre of order, the balm of distress, and the mirror of beauty, that she also is to be without her gates, where order is more difficult, distress more imminent, loveliness more rare." -Ruskin. The Best Cooks are Suffragists We Prove It By the SuffrageCookBook It includes 300 favorite recipes of famous persons and 25 portraits. Mailed to any point, $1.10 prepaid. Send cash or money order to EQUAL FRANCHISE FEDERATION, 3046 Jenkins Arcade, Pittsburgh, Pa. To Authors and Publishers: We are printers of many well known publications, among them "The Woman's Journal." If you have a book or a booklet, a magazine or a newspaper to bring out, write us. Open day and night. E. L. GRIMES COMPANY. 122 Pearl St., Boston The tendency of the feminine vote as a whole is an argument of sound practical value, worth all the theories on both sides of the case. This vote is usually in favor of better streets, better schools, better water supplies, better sewerage and other sanitary conditions; in fact, in favor of every public question involving the health, comfort and happiness of the home. -Baltimore Star. "The census totals with regard to scrubbers and cleaners- the dreary army that crawls on its knees to wash up the dirt of the day- show 26,839 women and 7,195 men. The 'dressed up' jobs, such as door opening, hall watching and carriage calling, give these figures- 84,055 men and 73 women," says George Creel in the American Leader. Beatify Furniture PROTECT FLOORS and Floor Coverings from injury by using Glass Onward Sliding Furniture Shoe In place of Castors If your dealer will not supply you write us. ONWARD MFG Co. Menasha, Wis. Berlin, Ont. Suffrage Exchange RIDING HABIT FOR SALE. Used only in Oct. 16 suffrage parade. Cross saddle, size 36, cost $45. Make offer to Miss Porter, South Berlin, Mass. GENTLEWOMEN- Superb Toilet Articles and Rubber Goods by mail. Illustrated book of aids to health and beauty free. Mme. Drake Nekarda, 309 Broadway, New York. (38) SITUATIONS THOUSANDS U. S. GOVERNMENT JOBS now open to men and women; $65 to $150 month. Vacations. Short hours. Pleasant work. Steady employment. Pay sure. Common education sufficient. Write immediately for free list of positions now obtainable. Franklin Institute, Dept. C-124, Rochester, N. Y. (44) ROOMS. FOUR ROOMS, arranged for housekeeping. Fine air, beautiful view; three minutes from street cars, ten from steam cars. $16 per month. Address Mrs. F. M. Adkinson. 10 Fairview St., Dorchester, Mass. SUFFRAGE SUPPLIES. Twenty-five campaign postal cards free to any one who will distribute them before November 2, 1915. Carrie Harrison. Brookland, Washington D. C. (44) In full on the ballot. That is not true. The amendment is covered by the question, “Shall the proposed amendment to section one of article two of the constitution, conferring equal suffrage upon women, be approved?” By marking the square opposite the Yes with an X the voter goes on record for woman suffrage. At the top of the ballot are the following instructions to voters: 1. To vote “YES” on any question make a cross X mark in the square opposite the word “Yes.” 2. To vote “NO” make a cross X mark in the square opposite the word “No.” 3. Mark only with a pencil having black lead. Any other mark, erasure or tear on the ballot renders it void. 5. If you tear, or deface, or wrongly mark this ballot, return it and obtain another. A vote for woman suffrage is not a vote for the new constitution. _____________________ SUTHERLAND TO START MEASURE _____________________ Will Introduce Nation-Wide Amendment in Senate on First Day of Congress _____________________ Senator Sutherland of Utah and Representative Mondell of Wyoming will offer the Susan B. Anthony Equal Suffrage amendment to the Federal Constitution to the Senate and the House on Dec. 6, the day Congress convenes. “I shall urge the Senate Committee on Suffrage, of which I am a member, to give a speedy hearing on the resolution which I will introduce, ” Senator Sutherland said last week. “I shall press for action on a vote in the Senate. The matter should be disposed of as early as possible. The suffrage resolution received a majority vote in the last Congress. It will receive more the next time. “To my mind, the most convincing argument for the political enfranchisement of women is the absence of any really persuasive argument against it. If it be right to extend the voting privilege to all sorts and conditions of men, I am not quite able to see the justice of denying the same right to all sorts and conditions of women. If we have extended the privilege too broadly in the case of men, and wisdom demands that we should eliminate the unfit, the thriftless and the illiterate, that is a good reason for denying the privilege to these classes of both sexes. It is no reason for denying it to the women who are fit and capable. In other words, the line which should separate the voters from the non-voters is one of character and not one of sex." who is known there as an inveterate enemy of the laboring man, a useful tool of the corporations, a sympathetic representative of the liquor interests and a reactionary opponent of all reform movements, whose advocacy injures any cause he speaks for in California; Resolved, That this meeting registers an emphatic protest against the bringing into our Commonwealth for political purposes a man whose statements are at variance with those of the Governor and the Legislature of his own State and of those persons of reputation best able to judge of conditions there; and protest against the pretence that Mr. Irish in any sense speaks for the State of California. Miss Todd said that she did not know Colonel Irish of California, so she wired home for information. Of the telegrams received, all in answer to alleged statements by Colonel Irish, one was from the editor of the San Fransisco Bul- Irish that women election officials had stuffed ballot boxes. It read: “The records of this office show no women convicted or charged with election frauds.” The speaker also read a resolution passed by the California Legislature this year. Miss Todd spent considerable time on the alleged statement by Colonel Irish that only the women of the underworld voted in California. She said that eighty-four per cent. of all the women in Los Angeles eligible to vote voted the first chance they got. She said the vote in California in 1914 for all candidates was 926,689, while the vote in Massachusetts that year was 458,203, this despite the fact that there were a million more people in Massachusetts than in California. _____________________ _____________________ Mrs. John Eills has been awarded the custody of her daughter, Olga, in the court at Tokio, Japan. The attempt of Mrs. Eills to secure custody of her daughter began several years ago in Massachusetts. Mrs. Eills was granted the custody of the child, but before the decree could be enforced Mr. Eills left the United States with his daughter and went to Japan. _____________________ JERSEY DEFEATED ALL AMENDMENTS _____________________ Mrs. Roessing Points Significant Fact That All Stand or Fall Together _____________________ Mrs. Frank M. Roessing, president of the Pennsylvania Woman Suffrage Association, last week declared that the significant feature of the New Jersey election, as disclosed by the returns, was that not only the suffrage amendment, but all three of the proposed amendments to the New Jersey constitution went down to defeat together. “Here in Pennsylvania, on Nov. 2, four important amendments, each of vital interest, are to be voted on,” she said. “New Jersey’s example warns us that these four Pennsylvania amendments will probably stand or fall together. Each is meritorious and in strong demand by important elements of the people. If the friends of each are wise, they will resolve to support them with zeal.” _____________________ _____________________ BIG VOTE CAST IN NEW JERSEY _____________________ More Than Four Times As Many Ballots As A Previous Special Election The official canvass of the returns of the New Jersey election have not yet been announced, but the total vote is estimated at 314,134. The great interest in equal suffrage which this indicates can be estimated when it is remembered that at a previous special election in New Jersey in 1909, when five amendments were submitted, the total vote was about 70,000. The total vote at the gubernatorial election of 1913 was 375,317. In other words, suffrage, at a special election, polled about 84 per cent. of the vote for governor at a regular election. It is estimated that the vote in favor of equal suffrage was 131,911 and against 182,223. A change of about 25,000 votes would have meant a suffrage victory. _____________________ The women suffrage amendment in New Jersey got as many supporting votes, the New York World points out, as the Republicans did in 1913, and about 50,000 more than Taft received in 1912. DID you forget to order that pound of Shaw’s Caramels advertised in last week’s Journal? If you did, send the fifty cents today. “They melt in your mouth and will not stick to the teeth.” Delivered by parcel post anywhere in New England. W. J. SHAW 48 Pleasant Street Winthrop, Mass. _____________________ The suffrage agitation is not a new movement. It began back in the days when our grandfathers signed the Declaration of Independence, and has continued growing in strength from year to year – Anna H. Shaw. _____________________ “What the woman is to be within her gates, as the centre of order, the balm of distress, and the mirror of beauty, that she also is to be without her gates, where order is more difficult, distress more imminent, loveliness more rare.” – Ruskin. The Best Cooks are Suffragists We Prove It By the Suffrage Cookbook It includes 300 favorite recipes of famous persons and 25 portraits. Mailed to any point, $1.10 pre-paid. Send cash or money order to EQUAL FRANCHISE FEDERATION, 3046 Jenkins Arcade, Pittsburgh, Pa. To Authors and Publishers: We are printers of many well known publications, among them “The Woman’s Journal.” If you have a book or a booklet, a magazine or a newspaper to bring out, write us. Open day and night. E. L. GRIMES COMPANY. 122 Pearl St, Boston. wash up the dirt of the day-show 26,839 women and 7,195 men. The ‘dressed up’ jobs, such as door opening, hall watching and carriage calling, give these figures – 84,055 men and 73 women,” says George Creel in the American Leader. _____________________ _____________________ Beautify Furniture PROTECT FLOORS and Floor Coverings from injury by using Glass Onward Sliding Furniture Shoe In place of Castors If your dealer will not supply you write us. ONWARD MFG CO. Menasha, Wis. Berlin,Ont. _____________________ _____________________ Suffrage Exchange RIDING HABIT FOR SALE. - Used only in Oct. 16 suffrage parade. Cross saddle, size 36, cost $45. Make offer to Miss Porter, South Berlin, Mass. GENTLEWOMEN – Superb Toilet Articles and Rubber Goods by mail. Illustrated book of aids to health and beauty free. Mme. Drake Nekards, 309 Broadway, New York. (38) SITUATIONS THOUSANDS U.S. GOVERNMENT JOBS now open to men and women: $65 to $150 month. Vacations. Short hours. Pleasant work. Steady employment. Pay sure. Common education sufficient. Write immediately for free list of positions now obtainable. Franklin Institute, Dept. C-124, Rochester, N.Y. (44) ROOMS. FOUR ROOMS, arranged for housekeeping. Fine air, beautiful view; three minutes from street cars, ten from steam cars. $16 per month. Address Mrs. F.M. Adkinson, 10 Fairview St, Dorchester, Mass. SUFFRAGE SUPPLIES. Twenty-five campaign postal cards free to any one who will distribute them before November 2, 1915. Carrie Harrison. Brookland, Washington, D.C. (44) Elizabeth Cady Stanton November 12, 1815 The publishers of THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW announce the appearance in the November number of Suffrage and a Women’s Centenary By Ida Husted Harper The celebration of the centennial birthday of one of America’s greatest women – Elizabeth Cady Stanton – is a fitting occasion for a review not only of her own efforts for woman’s rights but also of the revolutions in the status of women during the past century. Mrs. harper’s article will be read with much pleasure by everyone interested in the progress of woman. THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW Copies of the November number will be found on sale at all magazine stands. If your dealer is sold out, the next four numbers beginning with November will be sent you on receipt of one dollar. THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW, 171 Madison Ave., N.Y. City 344 THE WOMAN'S JOURNAL, OCTOBER 30, 1915 NEW JERSEY AND AFTERWARD An Editorial in The Christian Science Monitor Not until New York, Pennsylvania and Massachusetts shall have balloted on the question of inserting in their several constitutions provisions granting full political equality to women can anything like a proper estimate be placed upon the result of Tuesday's vote on the suffrage amendment in New Jersey. Sometimes defeats turn out in the end to be victories; this is peculiarly, often strikingly, true of seeming defeats suffered by righteous causes all the way down through human history. When all the facts in the New Jersey case come to be understood, it may very well be that the loss of one State shall lead to the winning of many. The manner in which New Jersey was lost to the suffrage cause, when made clear to the enlightened and fair-minded voters of the three States that are to pass upon the question one week from next Tuesday, should strengthen those already enlisted in the fight against political discrimination as beween men and women, and assist very materially in winning over those still halting between two opinions. "We love him for the enemies he has made," shouted a delegate in a great national political convention in the United States some years ago, and that shout carried the convention and swept the country for the leader whose exalted sense of the responsibility of the officeholder to his master, the public, had earned for him bitter opposition in his own party as well as outside of it. The enemies equal suffrage has made, as shown in New Jersey during the recent campaign, unless we are greatly mistaken in our view of the matter, will commend it more forcibly than ever to the consideration of all good citizens. Manifestly it would not have had, as it has had the united opposition of partisan bossism, cemented by the manufacturing liquor and saloon interest if it were not itself essentially sound. What higher recommendation can it have to the consideration and respect and support of thinking people than the knowledge, open to all, that it is making enemies of those interests which are arrayed against the welfare of the country's manhood, womanhood and childhood? CABINET FAMILIES ADOPT SUFFRAGE President's Household Sets Precedent and Washington Official society Follows Suit Never has the sympathy for woman suffrage found wider representation in Washington, D. C., than at the present time. Not only the members of President Wilson's family, the New York Tribune points out, but the wives of a majority of the Cabinet heads and of many of the Congressmen and official and political members of Washington society are suffragists. President Wilson's daughters, Miss Margaret Wilson, Mrs. Francis B. Sayre and Mrs. William Gibbs McAdoo are in favor, and so is his favorite cousin, Miss Helen Woodrow Bones. The next mistress of the White House de- "THE ATMOSPHERE OF THE POLLS IS NO PLACE FOR A CULTURED WOMAN" By W. W. E. in New York Tribune I entered the dirty, grey granite building between a barber shop and an undertaker's. The air had died long ago and in its place were the mingled scents of cigars, pipes and ink. Men were inside- most of them standing. Some talked and smoked quietly. The word "darn" was used twice. A few were writing at small, shelf-like tables at the side of the room. Several useful cuspidors were scattered over an unclean floor. A policeman sauntered in- and out. Having identified myself I was given a blank form to be filled out by one of the officials. I retired with the sheet to the privacy of one of the shelf-like desks and wrote upon it. Sealing it, I dropped it in the slit of the official box Having thus mailed my money order, I left the postoffice. "GOOD OLD TIMES" WINS WOMEN'S NO San Francisco Women Defeat Graft Politician and Stand for Decent Municipal Rule The result of the recent municipal election in San Francisco which gave Mayor Rolph a large majority over Ex-Mayor Eugene E. Schmitz, convicted of graft during this third term, is another tribute to the conscientious voting of San Francisco women. Schmitz called his late run for re-election a "campaign of vindication," with the slogan, "Vote for Schmitz and bringing back the Good Old Times!" "And every one knew what the 'good old times' under Schmitz meant," writes L. B. [Bdgman?] of California. "The San Francisco men- the decent ones- showed so plainly that their only hope of escaping Schmitz was through the votes of the women!" she added. The Berkeley Daily Gazette before the election declared, "The average suffragist does not want the good old times . . . The practical lads who were in the trough in 'the good old times' ten years ago smile when the election is mentioned. They hope to put one over like then. But this time there are no [fixed?] machines. No one has served the woman suffrage cause so well as the antis. They are like the hypnotized chicken which balks at a chalk line, though beyond it there is nothing but space.- Julia C. Lathrop. 50,000 MARCH IN GIGANTIC PARADE (continued from page 343.) still there were thousands in line. The marchers knew they had done their best and that the great metropolis had been thrilled and impressed into conviction. The banners in the parade formed one great army of clear reasons why women should have the vote, why men of New York State should enfranchise their women on Nov. 2. It was the final array of logic and reason, of appeal to sentiment and fair play, and it was done with such dignity, such art, such display of numbers and beauty and womanliness that spectators, whatever their prejudices, were generally won. Among the features which attracted greatest applause in the long line were the following: New Jersey women carrying banners of "Not down and out but up and doing," " Hurrah for the 131,911 New Jersey men who voted yes," "Baffled only to fight better," "Delayed but not defeated," Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, the International Section, the National Officers' section, the living flag, representing the free States, delegations from practically every State in the Union, the thirty-five bands, the large divisions of professional women, women in industry, college women. There were banners in many tongues,- Swedish, Hungarian, German, Spanish and French. The men's sections alone totaled over 5,000 marchers. One of the banners carried by the teachers' section read, "You trust us with the children. Why not trust us with the vote?" For the first time in a New York parade The Woman's Journal had a delegation, 12 girls in brilliant yellow costumes bearing the name of the paper, and four in college caps and gowns, enclosing the section with heavy yellow rope. In fours, in eights, in company fronts of sixteen abreast, 30,000 banners, nearly fifty thousand special costumes, a record cavalry section, symbolic floats, a color display unexcelled, the whole parade can be merely suggested, not described. In the reviewing stand were Mayor Mitchel, President McAneny of the Board of Aldermen. Borough President Marks, Port Collector Malone, Fire Commis- UNCONQUERABLE By Gertrude Traubel. Determined and fresh in the morning, Tired and undaunted at night, Proud of your comrades' spirit Game in a losing fight. The women of all New Jersey Caught up the great refrain, "Work- we will win the next time On with the new campaign!" PARTY HENCHMEN MOB SUFFRAGISTS (Continued from page 343.) marsal of the parade rode his horse through the crowd, and the opponents of 'votes for women' completed their attack by filling buckets of water inside a building where the organization meeting was in progress and dropping them on the women. Miss Miriam Gilbert, one of the suffrage speakers, was drenched by the contents of one of the buckets. Miss Gratia Erickson, of Evanston, Ill., another speaker, was doused, while many persons in the crowd went home dripping wet. It was while the water was being thrown that a mounted policeman arrived and made one arrest. "The attack occurred in front of Red Men's Hall, Sixtieth and Spruce streets, where the Republican stump speakers were addressing an audience of several thousand. Harry A. Mackey, leader of the 46th Ward, was chairman, and those on the platform included John P. Connelly, organization candidate for City Solicitor. In accordance with the suffrage plans, the women speakers were addressing a crowd outside the building. "According to several eye-witnesses, the attack began when a procession approached the hall. The leader, on his horse, shouted, 'Down with woman suffrage!' and forthwith rode into the crowd. Behind him were hundreds of men and boys carrying roman candles and red lights. They surrounded the suffragists and the balls of fire from the candles were dropped into their midst as the suffrage speakers stood in an automobile. "When Dr. J. Paul Chambers and several other men set up cries for the police, the marchers entered the hall, only to resume when made clear to the enlightened and fair-minded voters of the three States that are to pass upon the question one week from next Tuesday, should strengthen those already enlisted in the fight against political discrimination as beween men and women, and assist very materially in winning over those still halting between two opinions. "We love him for the enemies he has made," shouted a delegate in a great national political convention in the United States some suffrage offer in its own behalf than that it is feared quite as intensely as it is disliked by the very worst elements in the social and political activities of the nation? What higher recommendation can it have to the consideration and respect and support of thinking people than the knowledge, open to all, that it is making enemies of those interests which are arrayed against the welfare of the country's manhood, womanhood and childhood? "THE ATMOSPHERE OF THE POLLS IS NO PLACE FOR A CULTURED WOMAN" By W. W. E. in New York Tribune I entered the dirty, grey granite building between a barber shop and an undertaker's/ The air had died long ago and in its place were the mingled scents of cigars, pipes and ink. Men were inside- most of them standing. Some talked and smoked quietly. The word "darn" was used twice. A few were writing at small, shelf-like tables at the side of the room. Several useful cuspidors were scattered over an unclean floor. A policeman sauntered in- and out. Having identified myself I was given a blank form to be filled out by one of the officials. I retired with the sheet to the privacy of one of the shelf-like desks and wrote upon it. Sealing it, I dropped it in the slit of the official box. Having thus mailed my money order, I left the postoffice. PASADENA CANARD AT LAST GIVEN UP In Pasadena, Cal., at the first election where women could vote, the previous restrictions on the sale of liquor were made more stringent. The anti=suffragists have been saying that at this first election the city went wet after having been dry. This statement has been part of their stock in trade for years. It was authoritatively contradicted in the Woman's Journal years ago by Mr. J. H. Braley, a distinguished summer resident of Pasadena; but they have kept right on making it. At last the women's anti society of Massachusetts has stricken out this falsehood from its campaign leaflet on the liquor question, after Miss Rebecca Brown had secured from the city government of Pasadena an official copy of the ordinance that was actually passed. But the falsehood was sent out a few days ago to every voter in the State of Massachusetts. Mrs. Thomson of New Orleans rode in the foremost ranks and waved a suffrage flag. Mrs. James R. Mann, wife of the leader of the minority in the House, is also an ardent supporter. the good old times.' practical lads who were in the trough in 'the good old times' ten years ago smile when the election is mentioned. They hope to put one over like then. But this time there are no [fixed?] machines." No one has served the woman suffrage cause so well as the antis. They are like the hypnotized chicken which balks at a chalk line, though beyond it there is nothing but space.- Julia C. Lathrop. AMENDMENTS TO NATIONAL NAMED Proposed Changes in Constitution Would Elect Officers Every Alternate Year Notice is hereby given that on motion of Miss Francis the following amendment to the constitution of the National American Woman Suffrage Association will be offered: That By-Law 1, Section 1, paragraph 4, shall be amended to read, "the general officers of this association shall be elected by ballot on the last day but one of every alternate annual meeting," and that on motion of Miss Thomas, By-Law 1, Sec. 1, paragraph 2, shall be amended to read: "That the convention shall be held in Washington in order that each new Congress shall be reached directly by the influence of the convention. The alternating conventions shall be held in a city to be designated by the directors." SUSAN W. FITZGERALD, Recording Secretary. "Baffled only to fight better," "Delayed but not defeated," Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, the International Section, the National Officers' section, the living flag, representing the free States, delegations from practically every State in the Union, the thirty-five bands, the large divisions of professional women, women in industry, college women. There were banners in many tongues,- Swedish, Hungarian, German, Spanish and French. The men's sections alone totaled over 5,000 marchers. One of the banners carried by the teachers' section read, "You trust us with the children. Why not trust us with the vote?" For the first time in a New York parade The Woman's Journal had a delegation, 12 girls in brilliant yellow costumes bearing the name of the paper, and four in college caps and gowns, enclosing the section with heavy yellow rope. In fours, in eights, in company fronts of sixteen abreast, 30,000 banners, nearly fifty thousand special costumes, a record cavalry section, symbolic floats, a color display unexcelled, the whole parade can be merely suggested, not described. In the reviewing stand were Mayor Mitchel, President McAneny of the Board of Aldermen Borough President Marks, Port Collector Malone, Fire Commissioner Adamson and about a hundred other officials and their guests. Among the prominent men who marched were Judge William H. Wadhams, Justice Charles L. Guy, Dr. Henry Moskowitz, Civil Service Commissioner; Frederick C. Howe, Immigration Commissioner; Robert Adamson, Fire Commissioner; Julius Frank, Mayor of Ogdensburg; John A. Kingsbury, Charities Commissioner; Frederick Shipley, Tax Commissioner; Robert Underwood Johnson, Controller Prendergast, William S. Bennett, William F. Van Rensselaer, Arnold Wood, Norman Whitehouse, Ogden Mills Reid, Herbert Parsons and Everett Colby. The New York press generally was generous in its description and praise. All gave front page space and several page besides. More than one gave the entire front page of one section to it. Said the Evening Post editorially: "It is needless to dwell upon the great success of the suffrage parade on Saturday, for even those opposed to women voting admit that it was splendidly managed and Miss Gratia Erickson, of Evanston, Ill., another speaker, was doused, while many persons in the crowd went home dripping wet. It was while the water was being thrown that a mounted policeman arrived and made one arrest. "The attack occurred in front of Red Men's Hall, Sixtieth and Spruce streets, where the Republican stump speakers were addressing an audience of several thousand. Harry A. Mackey, leader of the 46th Ward, was chairman, and those on the platform included John P. Connelly, organization candidate for City Solicitor. In accordance with the suffrage plans, the women speakers were addressing a crowd outside the building. "According to several eye-witnesses, the attack began when a procession approached the hall. The leader, on his horse, shouted, 'Down with woman suffrage!' and forthwith rode into the crowd. Behind him were hundreds of men and boys carrying roman candles and red lights. They surrounded the suffragists and the balls of fire from the candles were dropped into their midst as the suffrage speakers stood in an automobile. "When Dr. J. Paul Chambers and several other men set up cries for the police, the marchers entered the hall, only to resume their attacks with water. "The man arrested was Carlton Smith, who was held until Magistrate Harris ordered his discharge." ENGLISH WOMEN TO GET FAIR PAY Lloyd George Recognizes Right of Munition Workers to Same Wage As Men David Lloyd George, English Minister of Munitions, announced Oct. 22 that women 18 years of age and over engaged in munition work would receive a minimum wage of [pound symbol] 1 weekly. When doing skilled work, on time or by piece, women would get the same pay as men. This official recognition of the right of women to receive the same pay as men for the same work is hailed as a great victory by English suffragists who have long been agitating the question. most impressive. The chief thing demonstrated is the earnestness and determination o fthe women. They are in the struggle to stay." Vote Yes on Suffrage November 2 Woman's Journal And Suffrage News Vol 46. No 44. SATURDAY, OCTOBER 30,1915 FIVE CENTS THE LAST CALL Massachusetts, famous for its Tea party, its Faneuil Hall, Lexington, Concord, Bunker Hill, and in later years for Sumner, Phillips and Garrison. New York, which in 1776, on the eve of the arrival of the British ships, re-elected every delegate to the Provincial Congress, with the charge to vote for absolute separation from the crown. Pennsylvania, honored as the birthplace of the Declaration of Independence and reverenced for its Liberty Bell. These three States, more than any other of the original thirteen colonies, upheld in 1776 the principles of liberty and justice and declared that there should be "no taxation without representation." Next Tuesday the men of these States will decide whether these principles are still to be the guide-stars of their commonwealths. For the first time they will vote on the question whether "justice" means justice for women, whether "liberty, fraternity and equality" are limited to sex. Pennsylvania, New York, and Massachusetts, you are in the balance today. Your women are trusting you to be true in 1915 as 1776. SURVEY RECEIVED CONCLUSIVE YES ------ Poll of Subscribers in Suffrage States Shows in Overwhelming Affirmative ------- The Survey, which is acknowledged as the leading journal of philanthropic endeavor and social uplift in the country, announced Oct. 23 that a poll of its subscribers in the suffrage States had shown an overwhelming appreciation of votes for women. Of the 634 replies received, 616 were ayes, 15 noes, 2 dubious and 1 bland. Among the ayes were 14 who acknowledged their conversation to suffrage on the basis of results achieved. "Seldom has The Survey had, on any subject, so many hearty, whole souled, eager responses to an in- 50,000 MARCH IN GIGANTIC PARADE --------------------- Crowd of 1,500,000 Applaud Largest Suffrage Parade Ever held in United States --------------------- Nearly 1,500,000 people saw the great equal suffrage parade in New York City on Oct. 23. Over 50,000 men and women marched in the teeth of a cold October wind to demonstrate to the voters of New York State the kind of women and men who want votes for women, and to give them some idea of the proportions to which the movement has grown. Women of wealth marched with the humblest city workers in huge appeal for the vote. Five thousand school teachers carry aloft appeal for ballot. Fifty thousand in mightiest suf- Waiting for Returns Bell. These three States, more than any other of the original thirteen colonies, upheld in 1776 the principles of liberty and justice and declared that there should be "no taxation without representation." Next Tuesday the men of these States will decide whether these principles are still to be guide-stars of their commonwealths. For the first time they will vote on the question whether "justice" means justice for women, whether "liberty, fraternity and equality" are limited to sex. Pennsylvania, New York and Massachusetts, you are in the balance today. Your women are trusting you to be true in 1915 as in 1776. SURVEY RECEIVES CONCLUSIVE YES Poll of Subscribers in Suffrage States Shows an Overwhelming Affirmative The Survey, which is acknowledged as the leading journal of philanthropic endeavor and social uplift in the country, announced Oct. 23 that a pool of its subscribers in the suffrage States had shown an overwhelming appreciation votes for women. Of the 634 replies received, 616 were ayes, 15 noes, 2 dubious and 1 a blank. Among the ayes were 14 who acknowledged their conversion to suffrage on the basis of results achieved. "Seldom has The Survey had, on any subject, so many hearty, whole souled, eager responses to an inquiry," says that paper. "More than half have written letters in addition to answering the questions. All the questions are answered overwhelmingly in the affirmative. Not one subscriber reports any evidence of the breakdown of home life as the result of women's voting." "SAFETY FIRST" NEEDS WOMEN President of National Safety Council Declares Suffrage Would Be Greatest Aid The enfranchisement of women would be the greatest aid to the Safety First movement, declared R. W. Campbell, of the Illinois Steel Company, at the three days' convention of the National Safety Council in Philadelphia last week. Mr. Campbell has just finished a term as president of the council and spoke as one of the foremost experts on the safeguarding of life in the country. He has had an opportunity to view the workings of equal suffrage in his home State of Illinois. 50,000 MARCH IN GIGANTIC PARADE Crowd of 1,500,000 Applaud Largest Suffrage Parade Ever Held in United States Nearly 1,500,000 people saw the great equal suffrage parade in New York City on Oct. 23. Over 50,000 men and women marched in the teeth of a cold October wind to demonstrate to the voters of New York State the kind of women and men who want votes for women, and to give them some idea of the proportions to which the movement has grown. Women of wealth marched with humblest city workers in huge appeal for the vote. Five thousand school teachers carry aloft appeal for ballot. Fifty thousand in mightiest suffrage parade ever witnessed. No scoffers in crowds as on other occasions. Immense crowds orderly and good natured. Nearly a million and a half and no heckling. One of city's greatest pageants. Police describe parade as most orderly and well managed in their experience. The spirit was as wonderful as the numerical strength and as the artistic value. Workers and marchers talk only of victory; crowd hearty in approval, saying: "Wonderful, wonderful; give them the vote? Certainly! Why not?" Such in substance was the verdict of the newspapers, such the sentiment of the thousands who stood from four to six hours to witness one of the greatest and most beautiful and impressive demonstrations for principle the world has ever seen. The strong wind and unusual cold made it difficult to carry the banner and standards and to endure the inevitable, long delay between the hour for forming and starting, but every supporter of the cause was happy as darkness came on, and (Continued on page 344.) URGES LABOR MEN TO VOTE "YES" First Political Dity of Every Worker to Support Suffrage, Says Frank P. Walsh Frank P. Walsh, Chairman of the Industrial Relations Commission, has sent encouraging words to the campaign States. He writes: "I call it the duty of every labor man and of every associated worker in the great cause of labor to work to the limit of his capacity and to vote for the enfranchisement of the women of every State of this Union. "There is no political duty stronger than that, and I say to you from my deepest convictions that on no class of people in this country is that duty to vote for woman suffrage so strong as on the class of working men. "Except for the sham argument of 'women sphere,' there is no one of the arguments advanced today against the right of women to vote that has not been used against the right of men to vote, and I want to go on record know as saying that there are many, many thousands of the so-called 'superior people' who sneer at the desire of mothers to vote for their children's welfare, who also should like, in their hearts, to take the vote away from you men." REMEMBER. Who shapes your life? A Woman. Who would for you, watched over you, cared for you, and launched you on the sea of success? A Woman. All men know this. She now asks for the ballot. Why? So she can help remedy conditions that make living harder, and help bring about conditions that will mean better days for us all. Vote "Yes" for Woman Suffrage. Resolutions endorsing woman suffrage were adopted at the general convention of the State Baptist Ministers' Union, which met in Pittsburg, Penn., Oct. 21. PARTY HENCHMEN MOB SUFFRAGISTS Philadelphia Machine Makes Wanton Attack on Women With Fire and Water The most disgraceful attack upon suffragists since the Washington parade of 1913 was made in Philadelphia Tuesday night by the political machine of which "Jim" McNichol is the head. Special dispatches from Philadelphia printed in the New York Tribune and Boston Herald of Oct. 27 say: "In what many eye-witnesses call the most disgraceful display of rowdyism they have ever seen, a throng of several hundred Republican organization adherents, parading after a meeting in behalf of the Republican municipal ticket, mobbed a crowd of women suffrage advocated listening to a suffrage speaker in West Philadelphia. "Roman candles were turned into the gathering and the balls of fire fell on the clothing of orators and listeners alike; the (Continued on page 344.) THE WOMAN'S JOURNAL, OCTOBER 30, 1915 VOTE FOR THE WOMAN SUFFRAGE AMENDMENT SHOULDER TO SHOULDER NOV. 2, 1915 [Image of people shoulder to shoulder holding banner poles] NOVEMBER SECOND, 1915 By Mary Farley Sanborn in the Springfield Republican THE harvest of our hope is ripe for reaping, Men, will you come with ready heart and hand, With answering word and eager footstep leaping, To greet and grant our fair and just demand? We have stood by you in the occupations Of common life; we've worked and loved and prayed; Sharing the fight, the trials and temptations; And when the cost was reckoned, we have paid. We have been sometimes wise and sometimes foolish- Even as you- done bravely or amiss; You've been- like us- part generous and part mulish; But, as friends, we face the issue, now, in this. Let's talk as man and man, not man and woman; Be fearless, honest, candid, free and just; Put sex aside, and call us simply human, And, take our word, we will repay your trust. We've born your sons, been comrades with our brothers Learned from our fathers, worked that wrong might cease; And shall men turn upon their wives and mothers, not to speak, but Bidding them hold their peace? No, let us lend our insight, intuitions, Our tact and tenderness, our sterling sense, your sterner ad- To supplements, monition strength and keen Your manly intelligence. Let us fare on together, each grown bolder As conquering forces march with equal stride; And step by step, with shoulder pressed to shoulder, We shall attain to purposes untried. One cause, one watchword, one determination, One sense of right, one summit to ascend, One banner, one ideal, and one nation, One life to live, one death to crown the end. If you are great, are we not also gracious? If you are brave, have we not heart and will? If you are daring, are we not audacious? Do we not match your labor with our skill? Now is the hour, now the appointed season, To crown our long endeavor with success. We bid you, in the splendid name of reason, Rise, men, and with one voice, ring out your Yes! VOTERS MAY HEED GIRLS' FIRE TRAP Inadequate Fire Escapes and Inefficient Inspection Cost Girls' Lives Thirteen girls, ranging in age from 15 to 24, lost their lives by fire in a Pittsburg box factory on Monday. The building was only four stories high. On the third and fourth floor twenty-six girls and six men were at work. Be- MORE CALIFORNIA WOMEN REGISTER Prominent Clubwoman States Marked Increase in Suffrage Interest and Registration Mrs. E. D. Knight, president of the California Federation of Women's Clubs, sent the following telegram to the Empire State Campaign Committee: "Figures show that registration among women is on the increase in California. Interest in suffrage markedly on the increase among PRESIDENT'S NIECE IN BIG PARADE Miss Margaret Vale Represents Alaska and Declares women Must Succeed President Wilson's niece, Miss Margaret Vale, who represented Alaska in the New York parade, said: "Just watching those wonderful women marching along with heads erect! They are coming on nobly, like an invading army, and they will succeed. There is no defeating LAST LAUGHS A pair of trousers stuffed with straw and bearing on the waistband this legend, "Which will wear them after Nov. 2, you or I? Vote no on the suffrage amendment" swung near the anti-suffrage tent at the Caledonia Fair (New York). Apropos of this display, a suffragist offered these comments: "The pair of trousers on exhibition at the anti-suffrage tent fairly illustrated their whole argument- a stuffed nothing. (From Alice Duer Miller in New York Tribune.) Do You Know That anti-suffragists say suffrage would double the cost of elections? That it costs the voters of Greene County 14 cents each to vote, of Chautauqua County about 15 cents each, of Clinton County $1.36 each, of Rockland County NOVEMBER SECOND, 1915 By Mary Farley Sanborn in the Springfield Republican THE harvest of our hope is ripe for reaping, Men, will you come with ready heart and hand, With answering word and eager footstep leaping, To greet and grant our fair and just demand? We have stood by you in the occupations Of common life; we've worked and loved and prayed; Sharing the fight, the trials and temptations; And when the cost was reckoned, we have paid. We have been sometimes wise and sometimes foolish- Even as you-done bravely or amiss; You've been- like us- part generous and part mulish; But, friends, we face the issue, now, in this. Let's talk as man and man, not man and woman; Be fearless, honest, candid, free and just; Put sex aside, and call us simply human, And, take our word, we will repay your trust. We've borne your sons, been comrades with our brothers, Learned from our fathers, worked that wrong might cease; And shall men turn upon their wives and mothers, Bidding them not to speak, but hold their peace? No, let us lend our insight, intuitions, Our tact and tenderness, our sterling sense, To supplement your sterner admonitions, Your manly strength and keen intelligence. Let us fare on together, each grown bolder As conquering forces march with equal stride; And step by step, with shoulder pressed to shoulder, We shall attain to purposes untried. One cause, one watchword, one determination, One sense of right, one summit to ascend, One banner, one ideal, and one nation, One life to live, one death to crown the end. If you are great, are we not also gracious? If you are brave, have we not heart and will? If you are daring, are we not audacious? Do we not match your labor with our skill? Now is the hour, now the appointed season, To crown our long endeavor with success. We bid you, in the splendid name of reason, Rise, men, and with one voice, ring out your Yes! VOTERS MAY HEED GIRLS' FIRE TRAP Inadequate Fire Escapes and Inefficient Inspection Cost Girls' Lives Thirteen girls, ranging in age from 15 to 24, lost their lives by fire in a Pittsburg box factory on Monday. The building was only four stories high. On the third and fourth floor twenty-six girls and six men were at work. Besides thirteen girls and one man who lost their lives, eight were injured. The large proportion of dead and injured is due to the fact that the building was apparently a fire trap and the fire escapes were inadequate. Margaret Steigerwald, who was injured by jumping from a second-story window, said she and five other girls were trapped in the building. "We got our wraps and started down the stairway," said Miss Steigerwald. "As we reached the second floor some one closed the door at the head of the stairway, and we were trapped. We tried to open the door without success, and then we started back to the third floor. By that time the third floor was filled with smoke. We made for the windows." Francis Feehan, a State Inspector, made an examination of the building after the fire, and said the fire escapes were inadequate. Heroic work was done by a working man who went into the burning building seven times, bringing out six unconscious girls. On the seventh trip he lost his own life. Other men aided by catching girls as they jumped from windows. Men voting on the suffrage amendment on Nov. 2 will do well to remember women's need of the vote to improve the conditions under which they work. MORE CALIFORNIA WOMEN REGISTER Prominent Clubwoman States Marked Increase in Suffrage Interest and Registration Mrs. E. D. Knight, president of the California Federation of Women's Clubs, sent the following telegram to the Empire State Campaign Committee: "Figures show that registration among women is on the increase in California. Interest in suffrage markedly on the increase among club women. Very small minority is anti-suffrage." DECLARES SUBWAY NEEDS SUFFRAGE Herbert Parsons Says Women Suffer most from Shameful Congestion but Cannot Remedy Herbert Parsons of New York makes the following comment: "Every morning and evening I ride in the New York Subway, the conditions in which are a disgrace to civilization. The pushing, crowding, roughness, and lack of seats bear more hardly and should be more repulsive to women than to men, and yet there are thousands of women working for a living who each day are compelled to travel in the subway under those conditions and who have no say as to whether the conditions shall be remedied and who shall be the persons selected to remedy them." PRESIDENT'S NIECE IN BIG PARADE Miss Margaret Vale Represents Alaska and Declares Women Must Succeed President Wilson's niece, Miss Margaret Vale, who represented Alaska in the New York parade, said: "Just watch those wonderful women marching along with heads erect! They are coming on nobly, like an invading army, and they will succeed. There is no defeating such courage the women of New York City are displaying today." President Wilson's three daughters and his favorite cousin, Miss Helen Woodrow Bones, are suffragists. LAST LAUGHS A pair of trousers stuffed with straw and bearing on the waistband this legend, "Which will wear them after Nov. 2, you or I? Vote no on the suffrage amendment" swung near the anti-suffrage tent at the Caledonia Fair (New York). Apropos of this display, a suffragist offered these comments: "The pair of trousers on exhibition at the anti-suffrage tent fairly illustrated their whole argument- a stuffed nothing. "It has no head for wisdom and truth, no eyes to see into the tremendous future, no hands to aid the helpless, no arms for either expansion, no heart for pity or love." (From Alice Duer Miller in New York Tribune.) Do You Know That anti-suffragists say suffrage would double the cost of elections? That it costs the voters of Greene County 14 cents each to vote, of Chautauqua County about 15 cents each, of Clinton County $1.36 each, of Rockland County $2.50 each, of Hamilton County $4 each? That the Albany Knickerbocker Press gives an account of votes which costs the country $14 each? Why We Oppose Prayers for Women Fifty years ago a clergyman insisted on attending all women's missionary meetings, because, he said, "You never can tell what these women will take it into their heads to pray for next." 1- Because a wife's prayers would either nullify or duplicate her husband's. 2- Because praying would distract a mother from her natural duty of teaching her children to pray. 3- Because the conditions of a woman's life are such that she cannot know what it is wise to pray for. She might pray for rain when fair weather was needed or for fair weather when the crops required rain. 4- Because women already pray indirectly through their sons, husbands and brothers. Which President Do You Back? One question is before the voters on November 2. Will the political henchmen of the liquor interests deprive women of the ballot they would otherwise have? The issue is clean-cut Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States of America, recently declared that he was going to vote for woman suffrage in his State. "I intend to vote for woman suffrage in New Jersey because I believe that the time has come to extend that privilege and responsibility to the women of the State," he said. Neil Bonner, president of the National Liquor Dealers' Association, was greeted with tumultuous applause at the Liquor Dealers' Protective League Convention in Atlantic City, Oct. 7, when he said: "I learn that President Wilson has declared that he will vote in favor of giving the ballot to women. I want to say to you, as president of the liquor dealers of the country, that I intend to vote against giving women the ballot." Behind the President of the United States on this question will be most of the respectable men of Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania. Behind the President of the Liquor Dealers will be all the disreputable men. Which side will win? 6 THE REGISTER AND LEADER: WEDNESDAY MORNING, MAY 24, 1916 The Des Moines Register AND LEADER BY THE REGISTER AND TRIBUNE CO. (The Des Moines Leader, established 1848) (The Iowa State Register, established 1856) TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. BY MAIL OUTSIDE OF DES MOINES. Daily and Sunday Register and Leader. $6.00 per year. Daily, except Sunday, $4.00 per year. Daily, except Sunday, 40 cents per month. Sunday only, $2.00 per year. BY CARRIER OUTSIDE OF DES MOINES. Daily and Sunday Register and Leader, 15 cents per week. Daily, except Sunday, 10 cents per week. BY CARRIER IN DES MOINES. The Daily and Sunday Register and Leader and The Evening Tribune delivered by carrier anywhere in Des Moines or Valley Junction- thirteen papers a week- Morning, Evening and Sunday- 15 cents a week. New York office- Metropolitan Tower. Chicago office- Peoples Gas Building, Suite 1164. Entered at Des Moines, Iowa, postoffice as second class matter. WEDNESDAY, MAY 24, 1916. PRIVATE BRANCH TELEPHONE EXCHANGE. Call Walnut 329 and ask for department wanted. Private exchange switchboard is open from 7:30 p. m. to 10:00 p. m. week days, except Saturday. Saturday, 7:30 a. m. to 11:00 p. m. Sunday, 7:30 a. m. to 8:00 p. m. When private exchange is closed call departments by the following numbers: Walnut 320- City editor. Walnut 326- Sports department. Walnut 328- Society, clubs. Walnut 329- Long distance. Walnut 321- Editorial rooms. Walnut 322- Advertising. Walnut 323- Mail room. Walnut 324- Composing room. Walnut 325- Engraving department. Walnut 327- Press room. APRIL CIRCULATION- NET PAID Daily Register and Tribune ............... 78,954 Des Moines Sunday Register ............... 60,321 Largest of any newspaper in any city of 150,000 in America. THE PARAMOUNT ISSUE Some Iowa newspapers carry the erroneous impression that the special law enforcement agents are appointed by the attorney general. These special officers are named by the governor. If Iowa should elect a "liberal" governor he probably would have "liberal" special agents.- Sioux City Tribune. MR. IRISH GROWING OLD. Nothing is sadder in this world than the change that comes over so many men as they shift from the buoyant enthusiasms of youth to the view-with-alarm despondency of age. We do not know of an illustration more to the point than the speeches of John P. Irish is now making in Iowa against woman suffrage when contrasted with the speeches he made in the Iowa legislature for woman suffrage. John P. Irish was a forward looking man in the old days when with spontaneous eloquence he pleaded for equal rights. Now he is as solemnly alarmed as any other pessimist. It is really too bad that so many [estimate?] people begin to see every- in the first line that he is "an American citizen," in the next eulogizes England, and in the last subscribes himself in lieu of his name, "A Gladstonian Liberal." Evidently he used this expression to conceal his German ancestry. What would we think of the state of his hyphen had he signed himself "A Follower of Bismarck?" Third in the column is a letter entitled "Mawkish America." Its author declares that this country is "hysterically feminine and neurotic," and he signs himself "Anglicus." His hyphen is evidently severed inflamed. Immediately following is the critical judgement of Mr. James McDonald, who says: "I consider the British empire the freest and best government in the world." Well, why not go home, then? And the column winds up with an article on the "mongrel population" of the United States, ending: "Bah! My country, 'tis of thee. "James Macpherson, "Trenton, N. J." Just suppose that name had been Wilhelm Lustenschreck! All of these letters appeared in one column of the New York Tribune, and they appeared there consecutively. Not one has been omitted. Shall we continue to think of the hyphen solely in Teutonic terms? A CHAPTER OF HISTORY. The Register recently asked of the Chicago Tribune "why did not Washington and Madison and Jefferson and Hamilton and the constitution makers meet the situation and give this country and army and a navy at the start?" The Tribune comes back with the claim that these men would have given us a military establishment but in blind congress would not listen to them. The Tribune quotes a number of familiar passages from Washington, and then jumps to the conclusion that our school histories ought to be rewritten to show the military purposes of the fathers. It is not worth while to quibble with the Tribune, but it is worth while to get at the real point of view of the men who started this nation out, in a military age, without a military fitting, in the belief that a great, peaceable, industrial democracy could be built in this new land free from the follies and blunders that had wrecked every earlier attempt at human organization. The Register will not go to the school histories, but will go to Alexander Hamilton, because of all the adopted for the proper establishment of the militia. This will not only lessen the call for military establishments, but if circumstances should at any time oblige the government to form an army of any magnitude, that army can never be formidable to the liberties of the people, while there is a large body of citizens, little if at all inferior to them in discipline and the use of arms." The constitution was accepted on this presentation by Hamilton, but the fathers were not wholly satisfied and this in the amendments constituting the American bill of rights, the militia was officially recognized as the military defense of the new nation, and every man was protected in the private right to bear arms in order that at no later date might a mistaken congress order or maintain a regular army to overturn our popular liberties. When the war of 1812 was impending Randolph in an impassioned speech in congress said, "I will forever stand up for the militia. It is not in the scoffs of the epaulette gentry to degrade them in my eyes. Who are they? Ourselves- the country. Arm them and you are safe, beyond the possibility of danger. It is a fundamental principle of free government that a legislature that would preserve its liberty must avoid that canker, a standing army. Are we to forget as chimerical our notions of this institution which we imbibed from our very cradles, which are imprinted on our bill of rights and constitutions, which we avowed under the reign of John Adams?" And Madison in his message to congress in that year, referring to a refusal of some of the states to furnish militiamen for the war showed conclusively in what regard the standing army was held when he said that in a failure of the militia "the public safety may have no other resource than in those large and permanent military establishments which are forbidden by the principles of our free government, and against the necessity of which the militia were meant to be a constitutional bulwark." Nor was this a sentiment confined to the colonies and the young republic. Ambroise Clement writing in Lalor's "Encyclopedia of Political Science" says, "A very able German author, Mr. Rotteck, published in 1816 an important work entitled 'Standing Armies and National Militia.' He proves from the history of all wars, from those of the most ancient peoples down to the termination of the war of 1815, that standing armies or paid troops, under the sole con- WOMEN IN COLORADO. Washington Bureau of The Des Moines Register: in an interview Senator John F. Shafroth of Colorado vigorously champions the cause of equal suffrage, and specifically defends woman suffrage in his own state against [changes?] recently made by J. B. Maling of Denver that equal suffrage had proved a failure in Colorado. "My attention has been directed to statements made by Mr. Maling and published in Iowa papers, to the effect that woman suffrage in Colorado was a failure and should be abandoned." Said Senator Shafroth. "These statements are not substantiated by the facts and while I would not dignify them by calling attention to his specific indictments, I wish to state that in my judgment the experience of twenty-three years of equal suffrage in the state of Colorado has conclusively demonstrated its righteousness, its expediency and its practicability from every point of view. "Do women want equal suffrage? Ask the women of Colorado. Submit the question to those who have tried it and scarcely a small minority can be found to vote against it. Whenever a law is disapproved by the people, expression of that sentiment is found in appeals for its repeal. Colorado has had equal suffrage for twenty-three years, yet no petitions for its repeal have ever been presented. "The fact that member of the general assembly [?] Colorado has ever even [?] that a body a bill to resubmit the question to the people shows that there is no demand for any change in the elective franchise of that state. "Furthermore, believe in amending the federal constitution so as to provide equal suffrage. To us of Colorado who believe that influence in government has always been and is sure to continue to be for the advancement of all good and moral legislation, it is inconceivable that woman's right to vote could do any harm or wrong to any state. "Woman's presence in Colorado politics has introduced an independent element which compels better nominations and better officials. It has not caused the neglect by women of their home duties. It has not been the cause for domestic dissension or divorces. Judge George W. Allen of the Colorado district bench, in writing to me on this question, declared that in his twenty years on the bench he had never known of a divorce case wherein it was claimed or suggested that political differences in any manner had been the cause of trouble between husband and wife. Letters of similar import were sent to me by all the other district judges in Colorado. "Equal suffrage in Colorado has caused no tendency in men to omit the politeness and gallantry to woman which she has always commanded. It has not lowered the ideals of women nor changed her refined, womanly qualities. "Every moral law or movement in our state has had the support of a large majority of the women. It was the Interparliamentary union at London When John P. Irish Favored Suffrage In the legislative session of 1870 an amendment proposing woman suffrage was passed by both houses of the Iowa legislature, and passed the house in the session of 1872. It was defeated in the senate of 1872. It was defeated in the senate of 1872 and so the amendment was not submitted to popular vote. John P. Irish engineered the amendment through the house both in 1870 and 1872. John A. Kasson was member from Polk and he voted for the amendment at both sessions. This amendment was far-reaching and read as follows: Laws of Iowa, 1870, 252. Joint Resolution No. 14. Joint resolution proposing to amend the constitution of the state of Iowa, and to provide for its reference and publication. Be it resolved by the general assembly of the state of Iowa, That the following amendments to the constitution of the state of Iowa, be and are hereby proposed: 1. Strike from section 1 of article II of said constitution, the word "male." 2. Strike from section 4 of article III of said constitution, the word "male." Resolved further, That these resolutions proposing to amend the constitution of the state of Iowa are hereby referred to the legislature to be chosen at the next general election; and that the secretary of state shall cause the same to be published for three months previous to the time of the next general election in one newspaper in each congressional district. Approved April 4, 1870. WHAT MR. IRISH SAID. Legislative supplement, session of 1870, March 29, 1870: Mr. Irish- It is to be expected that I, as the member who introduced this resolution, out of which the joint resolution is moved, should say something on the question before the house. Let us view it, if you choose, in the light of an experiment at whose inception we stand today. Let us leave the poetry of the proposition out of the question, for the poetry of the proposition has been given in its most eloquent manner by the gentleman from Scott (Mr. Green). Let us view it in the light of fact; look at it in its prosiest shape and see if there is any actual strength in the proposition. Gentlemen who may object to the passage of this joint resolution cannot object thereto because it has not been demanded by the class proposed to be affected by it. The best and the most talented women of our land- those who during the late war showed their love of country by works which were not less laborious than those performed by the soldier in the field- women, representing the most enlightened and highly educated of their sex, have organized movements all over the land in favor of the thing which was contemplate today. They demand it; they pray for it; they work for it; they speak for it. Perhaps this may be to their disgrace. Perhaps they are degrading themselves by so doing. There are many who agree with the gentle- [?] corded all their civil rights, more rights than they knew how to care for; and yet we, unasked, have conferred upon them an additional privilege, and the right to participate in the making of the law that shall govern you and me. Then, I say, having done so much for a class that had passed through a long condition of servitude, and that were stepped in ignorance and barbarism- a class that had not asked for anything- are we now to make such a base use of the power conferred upon us as lawmaker of the people as to deny to another and more important class- the women of the land- the privilege for which they plead? The power is in our hand. If we deny their prayer, we make a base use of the power we hold. Gentlemen ask what more privileges do women want. Is she not the idol of our homes; the queen of our household and heart? I grant all that, in many cases; but remember, gentlemen, that while women may be the idol of our homes and the queen of our heart and household, there are thousands of that class who have the strong arm of no man stretched forth to protect them, that they are compelled to fall back on their own weak resources for all they shall want in this life; and for that class, I say permit this experiment to be tried. The country has reached this position of affairs that we must either progress or retrograde. Time was when women demanded no such privilege as this. Time was when the door of nearly every school and university in this and nearly every other country in the world was closed against her. Time was when, if a woman was possessed of the smallest degree of literary attainments she was supposed to be possessed of gigantic accomplishments. We have amended all this. We now open our schools and universities to women on equal terms with men. We open our professional schools on the same terms. We have opened up to this sex a new and unknown feature. We are permitting them to prepare for the governing duties of life in the professions or any other field. Now that you have opened the doors of universities, schools and professional institutions to women; after you have permitted them to acquire knowledge that will enable them to ennoble a profession, does it not seem hard that your system of law should become so that, if they acquire property by the practice of that profession, they are liable to be taxed therefor, but have no voice in the manner of taxation? Is not this hard? Your women go to normal schools and other institutions of learning, for the purpose of practicing a profession. She goes into the world as a teacher and stands side by side with a man that has not half her culture or ability; and yet while she brings to bear a greater knowledge to the business, while her labors were crowned with greater success, she [?] privilege of obtaining education, or you must take a step forward. You must proceed to the logical result that must follow the opening of the universities which have given birth in the minds of women to these aspirations which education ever brings to those who possess it. We are at the inception of the question. How can the experiment be demonstrated a disaster? How can the family, around which we should throw every safeguard, suffer by the prosecution of this experiment? For who has a warmer, or a more heartfelt interest in the maintenance of the family, in all its purity and goodness, than woman has? When woman is convinced that the family, in its organization, must suffer by this experiment, will you tell me that she will not be the first to recede from this position? I am willing to leave the matter in her hands, and if the family is to suffer or be degraded, I know she will abandon the prosecution of a dangerous experiment. IN A SECOND SPEECH. Mr. Irish- I am requested by the gentleman from Jefferson (Mr. Ball) to read certain parts of the holy scripture. They are the Corinthians, fourteenth chapter, thirty-fourth and thirty-fifth verses; Epistle of Paul to Timothy, eleventh and twelfth verses. If I were competent to do so before this legislature, I would move an amendment to those passages. (Laughter.) But as that is not competent, I would say, in explanation, that Paul was then speaking to the Corinthian women- I do not know what sort they were. They may be utterly unqualified to speak in public, and it might have been proper that Paul should exhort them to keep silence in churches. He said nothing of the American women, that they should keep silence at the polls or legislature. Paul claimed inspiration; but it is singular that nowhere in the writing of his divine master do you find such sentiments expressed. Jesus, in the most sublime of all his sayings, in his sermon on the mount, exalted men and women to deeds of charity, to be merciful and humble that they may one day walk with their God. This book teaches that men and women should alike endure trial and suffer judgments of the law, should alike die and arise at the resurrection. As they are to travel side by side spiritually, does it seem wise that we should place women in a temporary position of disadvantage, where their ambition is to be unsatisfied, where her aspirations are never to be realized? If we can make her live better, and more wisely should we not do it? In doing that we are obeying the spirit of the scripture. I care not what might have been said by Paul or any other apostle, who was so unfortunate as to live and die a bachelor. It is better to refer to the writings of the divine master and not to the teachings of one who was a little bit headstrong and pedantic in his views and manner of expression. The gentleman from Dubuque (Mr. O'Donnell) has ably spoken on the other side of [?] THE PARAMOUNT ISSUE. Some Iowa newspapers carry the erroneous impression that the special law enforcement agents are appointed by the attorney general. These special officers are named by the governor. If Iowa should elect a "liberal" governor he probably would have "liberal" special agents. --Sioux City Tribune. MRS. IRISH GROWING OLD. Nothing is sadder in this world than the change that comes over so many men as they shift from the buoyant enthusiasms of youth to the view-with-alarm despondency of age. We do not know of an illustration more to the point than the speeches John P. Irish is not making in Iowa against woman suffrage when contrasted with the speeches he made in the Iowa legislature for woman suffrage. John P. Irish was a forward looking man in the old days when with spontaneous eloquence he pleaded for equal rights. Now he is as solemnly alarmed as any other pessimist. It is really too bad that so many estim[able] people begin to see every-- --liberty has vindicated itself. The more rights the people have the more responsibilities they assume. No nation ever went upon the rocks because of liberty. Equality never undermined a civilization. Mr. Irish says woman will smother the mating instinct if she is enfranchised. That was said when she was given property. That was said when she was sent to school. That was said when she entered the g[a]inful employments. But the alarm has always been groundless. Every man who ought to have a female companion has one, and a lot of others who ought never to have a woman look at them. American women are the freest in the world, the most attractive in the world, and the best mothers in the world. It all goes together. Freedom and intelligence were never put at a discount by providence. It is too bad to see a man like Mr. Irish grow old in mind. He has been on the old side ever since the Cleveland administration. He cannot adjust to this new period of "progressive" ideas. The times are out of joint with him. HYPHENS. Who are the hyphenates? We have been taught for a year that their names all end in "burg" or contain "sch," but it does not take much rubbing of the fur the wrong way to develop another crop. Study of the letters from subscribers published on the editorial page of a single issue of the New York Tribune reveals statements which coming from the "sch" or "burg" element would arouse thoughts of treason and revolution. The Tribune, it seems, wrote two editorials in severe criticism of Great Britain, and drew upon itself the wrath of a large group of hyphenates. To start at the beginning of a col[u]mn, John W. Jordan, apparently no relative of the kaiser, advises his American fellow citizens that "there are times when fighting for liberty becomes not a moral asset but a disgrace, punished by ignominy and death." In what part of the declaration of independence does that doctrine occur? Isn't it dangerous to our institutions to have such principles enunciated in our hearing? John W. Jordan should be deported to Germany. His real name is undoubtedly Johann Wilhelm Jorrdann. He is a dangerous hyphenate, who has failed to melt him. "'Raus mit 'im." Next comes a man who declares-- A CHAPTER OF HISTORY. The Register recently asked of the Chicago Tribune "why did not Washington and Madison and Jefferson and Hamilton and the constitution makers meet the situation and give this country an army and a navy at the start?' The Tribune comes back with the claim that these men would have given us a military establishment but a blind congress would not listen to them. The Tribune quotes a number of familiar passages from Washington, and then jumps to the conclusion that our school histories ought to be rewritten to show the military purposes of fathers. It is not worth while to quibble with the Tribune, but it is worth while to get at the real point of view of the men who started this nation out, in a military age, without a military fitting, in the belief that a great, peaceable, industrial democracy could be built in this new land free from the follies and blunders that had wrecked every earlier attempt at human organization. The Register will not go to the school histories, but will go to Alexander Hamilton, because of all the me[--]ed Hamilton leaned most to-- --Pennsylvania and Nor[th Ca]ro[lin]a had put into their state constitutions this declaration: "As standing armies in times of peace are dangerous to liberty, they ought not to be kept up." New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Delaware and Maryland had adopted in a bill of rights this declaration: "Standing armies are dangerous to liberty and ought not to be raised or kept up without the consent of the legislature." There were those who were insisting upon the Pennsylvania form of declaration in the new constitution and Hamilton's argument was for the same sort of leeway for the federal government that New Hampshire and the other states had reserved for themselves, namely, the right of congress to decide when in times of peace a standing military force was needed. Hamilton did not defend a standing army in times of peace. He insisted merely that congress should be given a free hand. He pointed out that the military was put with the legislative rather than the executive branch of the government, and the legislative branch came directly from the people, and then he said: "There is to be found an important qualification even of legislative discretion in that clause which forbids the appropriation of money for the support of an army for a longer period of two years, a precaution which upon nearer view will appear to be a great and real security against military establishments without evident necessity." Hamilton emphasized this point again. "The legislature of the United States will be obliged once at least in every two years to deliberate upon the propriety of keeping a military force on foot, to come to a new resolution on the point, and to declare their sense of the matter by a formal vote in the face of their constituents." Hamilton then went on to express his own personal opinion of universal military training and a state of militia: To oblige the great body of the yeomanry and of other classes of citizens to be under arms for the purpose of going through military exercises and evolutions as often as might be necessary to acquire the degree of perfection which would entitle them to the character of a well regulated militia would be a real grievance to the people and a serious public inconvenience and loss." And following this, he said further: "Through the scheme of disciplining the whole nation must be abandoned as mischievous or impracticable, yet it is a matter of the utmost importance that a well digested plan should as soon as possible be-- --which we imbibed from our very cradles, which are imprinted on our bill of rights and constitutions, which we avowed under the reign of John Adams?" And Madison in his message to congress in that year, referring to a refusal of some of the states to furnish militiamen for the war showed conclusively in what regard the standing army was held when he said that in a failure of the militia "the public safety may have no other resource than in those large and permanent military establishments which are forbidden by the principles of our free government, and against the necessity of which the militia were meant to be a constitutional bulwark." Nor was this a sentiment confined to the colonies and the young re- public. Ambroise Clement writing in Lalor's "Encyclopedia of Political Science" says, "A very able German author, Mr. Rotteck, published in 1816 an important work entitled 'Standing Armies and National Mil- itia.' He proves from the history of all wars, from those of the most ancient peoples down to the termination of the war of 1815, that standing armies or paid troops, under the sole con- -reigns," he says, "it was the citi- zen soldiery, mere raw recruits, who effected the triumph of the revolu- tion, and later it was the militia of the Germans that restored the inde- pendence of the fatherland." The Tribune, when it selects sen- tences here and there from Washing- ton and the rest to bolster up the no- tion that there was any sentiment for military establishment in the early days, is plainly relying on the igno- rance of its readers. And when it calls for school histories written to support that view, it is calling for a deliberate perversion of one of the really significant chapters of human progress. For one of the marvels, among the many marvels of the founding of the new republic, was the willingness of the great leaders to trust the for- tunes of the new world to the people, not only in civil, but in military mat- ters, and to set their hopeful venture out in a militant world without mili- tancy. If one thing more than anoth- er is emphasized in the debates of those times, it is not determination of the founders not to have a military establishment. The 10,000 Fairbanks rooters at the G. O. P. convention ought to get away with a good many buttermilk cocktails in Chicago. Carranza appears to be getting the note-writing fever quite as badly as a real president in a sure enough re- public. Although the European countries are now "saving daylight," a great deal of the fighting is being done at night, as before. President Wilson has been "repu- diated" by one of his electors of 1912. Only one, mind you. His luck still holds. The democratic party may ignore its one-term plank, but the voters will have a chance to put it in force next November. The patriotism that delights in parading behind brass bands is not always the most durable kind in time of trial. Maybe there are times when Italy regretfully thinks of the splendid opportunity she had to keep out of the war. Russian and English land forces are now reported to be fighting side by side in the garden of Eden region. And expecting to raise Cain, there, we presume, to revise history a bit. President Wilson's hankering for whiskers may be genuine, but it will doubtless have a hard time getting past Mrs. Wilson's censorship. What, after all, does a prepared- ness parade prepare us for? The Des Moines team is now climb- ing upwards into the championship atmosphere of the percentage table once more. "Furthermore, believe in amend- ing the federal constitution so as to provide equal suffrage. To us of Colorado who believe that influence in government has always been and is sure to continue to be for the ad- vancement of all good and moral legislation, it is inconceivable that woman's right to vote could do any harm or wrong to any state. "Woman's presence in Colorado politics has introduced an independ- ent element which compels better nominations and better officials. It has not caused the neglect by women of their home duties. It has not been the cause for domestic dissension or divorces. Judge George W. Allen of the Colorado district bench, in writ- ing to me on this question, declared that in his twenty years on the bench he has never known of a divorce case wherein it was claimed or suggested that political differences in any man- ner had been the cause of trouble be- tween husband and wife. Letters of similar import were sent to me by all the other district judges in Colo- rado. "Equal suffrage in Colorado has caused no tendency in men to omit the politeness and gallantry to woman which she has always com- manded. It has not lowered the ideals of women, nor changed her refined, womanly qualities. "Every moral law or movement in our state has had the support of a large majority of the women. It was the Interparliamentary union at London--" Edith---So your father told you he was opposed to your marrying Jack. What did you say?" Wilful Winnie---I told papa that intervention would mean war. ---Bos- ton Transcript. "Professor, I want to take up inter- national law. What course of study would you recommend?" ""Constant target practice."---Kansas City Journal. "Are you looking forward to the summer with pleasant anticipa- tions?" asked the optimistic citizen. "Yes, indeed," replied the pessimis- tic person. "A great many people I'm tired of looking at will go out of town for the summer."--Birmingham Age-Herald He was one of those young men who never seem to know when to go home. She has tried yawning. but even that failed to get rid of him. Presently a clock outside in the hall began to strike in low, deep tones in the midnight hour. "Oh. I say, Miss Green?" said the late stayer brightly, "is that an eight day clock?" Miss Green smiled coldly at him. "Well," she said, stifling another yawn. "why don't you stay a little longer and find out?"--Toledo Blade. THE REGISTER AND LEADER: WEDNESDAY MORNING, MAY 24, 1916. SPEAKER TELLS OF MERCHANT MARINE B. J. Rosenthal Urges Des Moines to Boost for Bill to Build Ships. MUST HAVE MORE BOTTOMS "You Can't Do Business and Use Other People's Deliveries," He Tells Chamber. "You can't do business and use your competitor's delivery wagon to deliver goods in." Such was declaration of Benjamin J. Rosenthal, vice president of the National Business League of America, in an argument for the Alexander bill creating a merchant marine, before the Chamber of Commerce yesterday noon. "There are thousands of carloads of machinery waiting in the eastern railroad yards that cannot be delivered to their foreign markets because there aren't bottoms to carry them," he declared. Delivery Is Delayed "American manufactured goods, which have foreign goods for competition, lie for weeks without ships in which to be delivered, because the control of the shipping rests with foreign countries that want to save the business for themselves." Mr. Rosenthal outlined the provisions of the Alexander bill. He told of the beginning of the fight for it five years ago in Chicago when a report was submitted to his organization by a committee on foreign trade urging such a statue. "The present administration is trying to keep its pre-election promises of a merchant marine bill," he said. "The original bill was passed by the house but was killed in the senate. It has been reintroduced and we hope it will now be passed. Bill Provides More Ships. "The bill provides for the building of ships by the government. After completion they will be sold or leased to private operators and the money reinvested by the government in more ships, or, if buyers cannot be found, will be operated by the government. "Shipbuilding experts say that oil burning vessels will revolutionize the shipping industry. This bill calls for oil burning ships, which will give us an advantage over foreign competitors. "Before the war the German shipping companies had a wonderful organization in New York City. This organization kept a copy of every manifest, every kill of lading, the weight and destination of every [?] in German State House Notes State officials are accepting engagements to make addresses on Memorial day. B. W. Garrett, clerk of the Supreme court will deliver the memorial address at Roland; Governor Clarke will appear at Hazelton in the morning and Oelwein in the evening of May 30 and Attorney General George Cosson will give an address at Nevada on that Day. Ralph Ericsson, battalion adjutant, Third infantry, I. N. G. of Red Oak has offered his resignation from the guard. He is moving to Creston. Military men are urging him to remain with the militia. Has Harry K. Thaw turned his attention to bettering the morals of the country? Governor Clarke yesterday received a letter from the Chicago Law and Order league on which was stamped "Harry K. Thaw has paid for sending this message to you." Enthusiastic Cosson supporters formed a Cosson-for-Governor club in Sioux City Monday night. Attorney General Cosson will address the club next Monday evening. It is reported that the organization has 1,000 members. Governor Clarke yesterday received a foreign letter, but unfortunately it was written in French and he could not read it. Someone else had attempted to read it before it got to the capitol for the envelope had been opened. A. C. Gustafson, governor's secretary, is looking for a French scholar to translate the message. When the executive council opens bids tomorrow for the concrete bridge to be constructed in the southern part of the capitol extension, at least six proposals will be on hand. The state officials expect to get a low bid for the work The state oil inspection department has smoothed out all of the difficulties it encountered recently. The oil companies are painting the gasoline barrels red as required by law and are reporting all cars of coal oil for inspection, it is reported. Warden Sanders of the Fort Madison prison now has thirty-five honor prisoners at the at the Flynn farm west of Des Moines. The number will be increased as the season develops. Eastern suffragists are displaying considerable interest in Iowa's standing. State officials recently have received letters from several organizations in the east asking for data regarding this state. Adj. Gen. George A. Newman of the G. A. R. is preparing the official order calling attention of the veterans to the state encampment to be held in Marshalltown in June. The order also will ask the old soldier to aid in observing Flag day, June 14. DEFENDS WORK OF ROAD COMMISSION Secretary Clum of Greater Iowa Association Issues Appeal for Support. COMMISSION SAVES MONEY He Attacks Attitude of Taxpayers' League and Hints of Some Motive. The advantages of the state highway commission as a money saving boy is pointed out by the Greater Iowa association in an appeal for new members this week. The letter containing the appeal is signed by Secretary Woodworth Clum of the association, and follows: "Please read the following paragraph from the standard resolutions of the so- called United Taxpayers' league: QUOTES RESOLUTION. " 'We are unalterably opposed to state control of road building by the state highway commission, and are opposed to the maintaining of state and county engineers, and are strongly in favor of the repeal of the present road law.' "Another paragraph in their standard set of resolutions declares the league to be unalterably opposed to graveling, paving or any other kind of hard surfacing of our roads- and this without any reference to whether or not such hard surfacing would involve an increase of taxation. "Before the highway commission law went into effect in 1913, Sioux county was paying an average of $16.48 per cubic yard of concrete on all bridge and culvert work. Scott county was paying an excess of $20 per cubic yard. Under the supervision of the highway commission, Sioux county in 1915 paid an average of $11.27 per cubic yard of concrete, and Scott county paid approximately $10.24 per cubic yard. The records in most of the counties will show as same contrast. WOULD BE BACKWARD STEP. "It must certainly be to someone's selfish interest to continue to waste the money of the taxpayers, and this is exactly what will happen if we revert back to the old scheme and abolish the state highway commission. Forty-three states are now operating under highway commission laws. Why should Iowa take a step backward? "This campaign of self-interest, maintained through misrepresentation, must be overcome by the thinking men of Iowa. The only organization prepared to make a fight for Iowa at this time is the Greater Iowa association. It cannot win unless it receives the active support of those who believe in rational progress. You will find nothing in the enclosed pamphlet, or on the attached application blank, to which conservative, patriotic Iowans cannot subscribe." OFFICIALS OF TRADE TRIP ARE SELECTED One Hundred Boosters Have Enrolled and Copied of Itinerary Are Ready. The men who will have charge of the trade extension trip of the Chamber of Commerce have been named, and the assignments sent out by day by Judge Relstab. The complainant in the case was C. H. Venner, who contended the sale was a ruse to evade the antitrust law. AUTO GIFT IS PROVING GREAT HELP TO THORNE He Is Making Canvass of Rural Precincts in His Congressional Campaign. Clifford Thorne is putting ginger into the congressional campaign in the first district. With the automobile recently presented to him by western shippers as a token of appreciation of his work in securing favorable freight rates for Iowa, Mr. Thorne is making a canvass of the rural precincts in southeastern Iowa. He has been making from one to ten short speeches a day and is reported to be gaining ground. In literature being sent out in the interest of Thorne's candidacy attention is called to the things he has done while on the state railroad commission. Thorne says: "There is now a movement on foot in congress to take away many of the powers of regulation possessed by state and federal tribunals, and to give big business a free rein. It is said that he pendulum is swinging in the other direction." He declares that he wants to represent the first district in congress so as to have a hand [?] the legislation. He [?] more comprehensive and efficient regulation and control of American business. BULGARS AID AUSTRIANS Italians Capture Troops of Balkan State on Isonzo Front. ROME (via Paria), May 23. - Along the Isonzo front the Italians have made prisoners of Bulgarians, showing that the Bulgars have joined the Austrians in their present offensive. The Austrian heavy guns are much more numerous in this region than those of the Italians, but they have not been able to overcome the well organized Italian defenses which thus far have checked the Austrian advance along the whole Isonzo line. AMUSEMENTS. The Garden Theatre Presents Mme Petrova The Gifted Emotional Actress and Dramatic Star in "Playing With GARDE GOOD CONDEMNS BURLESON Iowan Introduces Resolution Asking Inquiry Into Lobby, He Attacks Action in Rural Route Reorganization. Washington Bureau of The Des Moines Register, WASHINGTON, D. C., May 23. Severe condemnation of Postmaster General Burleson for his course as to rural mail service is contained in a resolution presented to the house today by Representative Good calling for an investigation by the postoffice committee into what he charges is a lobby worked up by the postmaster general and his assistants to prevent rural mail legislation proposed by the senate postoffice committee. Mr. Good attacks actions of the postmaster general in reorganizing rural mail routes, as they were reorganized in Iowa and other states. Mr. Good charges political motives prompted such reorganizations, the object being to dismiss old and valuable rural carriers. He charges the postmaster general and his assistants have sent out appeals making "deliberate misstatements of facts." The resolution was referred to the postoffice committee. Mr. Good was aroused to introduce it by telegrams and letters he received from Cedar Rapids and elsewhere urging support for the postmaster general on rural free delivery legislation and other matters. It is expected the postoffice committee, whose chairman, Representative Moon of Tennessee is a democrat, friendly to Burleson, will try to kill the resolution, nevertheless, it aroused much comment here today. Wilsons to New York. WASHINGTON, D. C., May 23. - The president and Mrs. Wilson will leave early tomorrow morning for New York to attend the wedding of Dr. Carey T. Grayson, the president's naval aide and physician, and Miss Alice Gertrude Gordon of Washington and New York. They will return to Washington tomorrow night. AMUSEMENTS. Iowa at Washington Washington Bureau of The Des Moines Register, WASHINGTON, D. C., May 23. Senator Cummins is expected tomorrow morning on his return from his Oregon trip. Senator Cummins had he been here would have voted in favor of George Rublee as member of the trade commission and for the reconsideration of the motion whereby Rublee was rejected. As it was, Senator Cummins was paired in favor of reconsideration. Dr. Scott W. Smith of Cedar Rapids, prominent in Presbyterian church work in Iowa, was in Washington today on his way from the general assembly at Atlantic City. Mrs. A. B. Cummins, who is one of delegates to the convention of the General Federation of Women's clubs in New York, has gone to New York for the meeting. She was accompanied by Mrs. J. C. Cummins of Des Moines, who has been visiting here. Representative Green was expected to make a speech in support of his peace resolution today. He has concluded, however, not to make the speech just at present but to await further information about the international situation, bering on the questions as to just how ripe the time is for a peace movement. A civil service examination will be held on June 14 for postmaster at Van Meter. County Auditor Stricken. MARSHALLTOWN, Ia., May 23.- Special: County Auditor A. W. Dobson is very critically ill in a local hospital of a ruptured appendix and a resultant abscess. He refused to permit surgeons to perform an operation until his condition became such that the operation was performed as a last resort. AMUSEMENTS. DES MOINES Tues. May 30 At 20th and Walnut AL. G. BARNES BIG 4-RING WILD ANIMAL CIRCUS THE SHOW THAT'S DIFFERENT ONLY REAL WILD ANIMAL CIRCUS ON EARTH 1000-PERFORMING ANIMALS AMUSEMENTS. PRINCESS Phone Wal. 686 LAST WEEK OF SEASON "MARRYING MONEY" A Jolly Comedy of Romance and Laughs Every Night 8:15 75c, 50c, 35c, 25c, 15c. Mats. Sun. at 3. Tues., Thurs., Sat. at 2:30 50c, 35c, 25c. LAST WEEK OF FAY BAINTER Who Does Not Return Next Season. This Week- "FAREWELL WEEK" Every performance a farewell. Saturday night no different from any other night or matinee. Applaud if you wish to hear from the company. EMPRESS 5 BIG ACTS 4 SHOWS DAILY "Where Everybody Goes" 1:30, 3:15, 7:30, 9:15 NOW -- BERT HOWARD 10c All The Time All Seats, Mats. 10c Nights, 10c and 20c 4 Other Acts -- Continuous Vaudeville BASEBALL TODAY 3:30 P. M. Des Moines vs. Wichita Same Teams Tomorrow Take Sixth Ave. or Highland Park Car Riverview NOW OPEN BIGGER, BETTER THAN EVER 5c ADMISSION 5c KIDDIES FREE ROYAL ON THE CORNER 8TH AND LOCUST For Wednesday Only "The Social Pirates" MARIN SAIS... ... petition, He for weeks without ships in which to be delivered, because the control of the shipping rests with foreign countries that want to save the business for themselves." Mr. Rosenthal outlined the provisions of the Alexander bill. He told of the beginning of the fight for it five years ago in Chicago when a report was submitted to his organization by a committee on foreign trade urging such a statute. "The present administration is trying to keep its pre-election promises of a merchant marine bill," he said. "The original bill was passed by the house but was killed in the senate. It has been reintroduced and we hope it will now be passed. Bill Provides More Ships. "The bill provides for the building of ships by the government. After completion they will be sold or leased to private operators and the money reinvested by the government in more ships, or, if buyers cannot be found, will be operated by the government. "Shipbuilding experts say that oil burning vessels will revolutionize the shipping industry. This bill calls for oil burning ships, which will give us an advantage over foreign competitors. "Before the war the German shipping companies had a wonderful organization in New York City. This organization kept a copy of every manifest, every bill of lading, the weight and the destination of every [...ft] in German [...] cts as to the seaboard. _____ SENATE PROVIDES MORE FUNDS FOR MISSISSIPPI ____ Amendment to Appropriation Bill Raises Maintenance Grant for River. _____ WASHINGTON, D. C., May 23.- An amendment to the rivers and harbors appropriation bill, raising the maintenance provisions for the Mississippi river between St. Louis and Minneapolis from $1,200,000 to $1,500,000, was agreed to today by the senate. During the debate Senator Taggart of Indiana (dem.) announced that unless from $15,000,000 to $20,000,000 were cut out from the $43,000,000 measure he would oppose it. "I refuse to send or be a party to sending," he said, "the United States treasury to the scrap heap for the benefit of every little river or inlet in the country." _____ SOCIALIST MAYOR SPEAKS _____ George R. Lunn Talks for Suffrage at Boyhood Home. LENOX, Ia., May 23. -- Special: George R. Lunn, noted socialist mayor of Schenectady, N. Y., delivered a lecture in behalf of the equal suffrage cause at the Presbyterian church here Sunday afternoon. Mayor Lunn is a former resident of Lenox, having spent his boyhood here. French scholar to translate the message. _____ When the executive council opens bids tomorrow for the concrete bridge to be constructed in the southern part of the capitol extension, at least six proposals will be on hand. The state officials expect to get a low bid for the work. _____ The state oil inspection department has smoothed out all of the difficulties it encountered recently. The oil companies are painting the gasoline barrels red as required by law and are reporting all cars of coal oil for inspection, it is reported. _____ Warden Sanders of the Fort Madison prison now has thirty-five honor prisoners at the Flynn farm west of Des Moines. The number will be increased as the season develops. _____ Eastern suffragists are displaying considerable interest in Iowa's standing. State officials recently have received letters from several organizations in the east asking for data regarding this state. _____ Adj. Gen. George A. Newmann of the G. A. R. is preparing the official order calling attention of the veterans to the state encampment to be held in Marshalltown in June. The order also will ask the old soldiers to aid in observing Flag day, June 14. _____ Record. "Ten weeks in Des Moines." That is the sort of advertising "The Birth of a Nation" will get throughout Iowa, according to information reaching the Greater Des Moines committee offices. For the first time in the city's history a theatrical attraction has played here five consecutive weeks. And if present plans are carried out it will play here five weeks longer. The management said the advertising the film received upon its entrance in the city was detrimental to its business. But that same management admits now that business has been good. ...each hard surfacing would involve an increase of taxation. "Before the highway commission law went into effect in 1913, Sioux county was paying an average of $16.48 per cubic yard of concrete on all bridge and culvert work. Scott county was paying an excess of $20 per cubic yard. Under the supervision of the highway commission, Sioux county in 1915 paid an average of $11.27 per cubic yard of concrete, and Scott county paid approximately $10.24 per cubic yard. The records in most of the counties will show the same contrast. WOULD BE BACKWARD STEP. "It must certainly be to someone's selfish interest to continue to waste the money of the taxpayers and this is exactly what will happen if we revert back to the old scheme and abolish the state highway commission. Forty-three states are now operating under highway commission laws. Why should Iowa take a step backward? "This campaign of self-interest, maintained through misrepresentation, must be overcome by the thinking men of Iowa. The only organization prepared to make a fight for Iowa at this time is the Greater Iowa association. It cannot win unless its receives the active support of those who believe in rational progress. You will find nothing in the enclosed pamphlet, or on the attached application blank, to which conservative, patriotic Iowans cannot subscribe." _____ OFFICIALS OF TRADE TRIP ARE SELECTED _____ One Hundred Boosters Have Enrolled and Copies of Itinerary Are Ready. _____ The men who will have charge of the trade extension trip of the Chamber of Commerce have been named, and the assignments sent out by Sec. [...] Copies of the itinerary for the trip, which has become known as the triangle trip, are being sent to all the manufacturers and jobbers of the city. So far about 100 have enrolled. Invitations have been sent by the chamber to Ralph Bolton, secretary of the Greater Des Moines committee, and Donald C. Greenman, secretary of the Des Moines Commercial association, to accompany the party. _____ Restraint Suit Dismissed. NEWARK, N. J., May 23. - The litigation begun in the federal court to restrain the sale of the control of the Pennsylvania Steel company for $31,914,630 was dismissed here to- BULGARS AID AUSTRIANS ____ Italians Capture Troops of Balkan State on Isonzo Front. ROME (via Paris), May 23. - Along the Isonzo front the Italians have made prisoners of Bulgarians, showing that the Bulgars have joined the Austrians in their present offensive. The Austrian heavy guns are much more numerous in this region than those of the Italians, but they have not been able to overcome the well organized Italian defenses which thus far have checked the Austrian advance along the whole Isonzo line. ... other matters. It is expected the postoffice committee, whose chairman, Representative Moon of Tennesee is a democrat, friendly to Burleson, will try to kill the resolution, nevertheless, it aroused much comment here today. _____ Wilsons to New York. WASHINGTON, D. C., May 23. - The president and Mrs. Wilson will leave early tomorrow morning for New York to attend the wedding of Dr. Carey T. Grayson, the president's naval aide and physician, and Miss Alice Gertrude Gordon of Washintgon and New York. They will return to Washington tomorrow night. County Auditor Stricken. MARSHALLTOWN, Ia., May 23. - Special: County Auditor A. W. Dobson is very critically ill in a local hospital of a ruptured appendix and a resultant abscess. He refused to permit surgeons to perform an operation until his condition became such that the operation was performed as a last resort. For light, wholesome cakes, biscuits and pastry, use KC BAKING POWDER Always safe and reliable. If it isn't all we claim your grocer will refund your money. JAQUES MFG. CO., CHICAGO Film exhibitors - You are cordially invited to stop at booth 13 and learn more about booking these photo plays. BEATRIZ MICHELENA The Celebrated Prima Donna. in the Gripping 7-Reel Feature "The Unwritten Law" _____________________ WALKER WHITESIDE In Israel Zangwill's Great Drama "The Melting Pot" _____________________ EARL WILLIAMS and EDITH STORY In the Big S-Reel Photoplay Supreme "The Christian" _______ Amusements _______ The Garden Theatre Presents Mme Petrova The Gifted Emotional Actress and Dramatic Star in "Playing With [...] is surrou [...] tionally str [...] including Arthur Hoops, Pierre Le May, [...] Brent, [...] Calhoun and Philip Mann. There are many interesting glimpses of studio life in New York in a story of intense and gripping situations. For Wednesday and Thursday Matinee 10c Evening 15c GARDEN THEATRE Built Up to a Standard, Not Down to a Price _____ AMUSEMENTS ______ DES MOINES Tues. May 30 At 20th and Walnut AL. G. BARNES Big 4-Ring Wild Animal CIRCUS The Show That's Different ONLY REAL WILD ANIMAL CIRCUS ON EARTH 1000-PERFORMING ANIMALS-1000 Polar Bears 550 World's Premium Horses and Ponies Elephants Camels Zebras Hyenas Seals and Sea Lions Monkeys Ourang-Outang's Etc. Every One an Actor 65 Educational, Amusing Thrilling Animal Acts and Features 1002 SENSATIONAL WILD ANIMAL FEATURES 150 TRAINERS 2 Performances Daily, 2 and 8 P.M. Doors Open at 1 and 7 P.M. New Free Parade at 10:30 ________ ROYAL For Wednesday Only "The Social Pirates" MARIN SAIS... 5c AT THE ROYAL 5c _____ BERCHEL 2:15; Mats. 25c to $1.00 8:15; Nights 50c to $1.50 NO PHONE ORDERS CHOICE SEATS Availability For Every Performance BUY SEATS NOW NOW 4TH BIG WEEK Capacity Every Show Seats Selling 3 WEEKS ORCHESTRA OF 25 5,000 Scenes TREMENDOUS Cost $500,000 THE BIRTH OF A NATION The Greatest Dramatic Narrative Ever Unfolded on the Stage of This Country Tour Directed by ELLIOTT and SHERMAN _______ MAJESTIC Continuous 12 M. to 11 P.M. New Show Every Day SMOKING PERMITTED First Run Pictures TODAY "For Uncle Sam's Navy" Two Reel Preparedness Drama "Adjusting His Claim" Comedy "The Pathe Weekly" Prices - Main floor, all seats, 10c; balcony, all seats, 5c; children always 5c. ______ Unique 5c FIRST RUN PICTURES NEW SHOW EVERY DAY CHARLIE CHAPLIN Holubar McFadden Lena Baskette Are on Today's Program _______ PALACE LAST TIMES TODAY BILLIE BURKE In Chapter Two of Gloria's Romance In Addition "The Crippled Hand" A Powerful Five Reel Drama Afternoons 10c - Evenings 15c Children Always 5c ___________ LAST TIMES TODAY ALICE BRADY in "Tangled Fates" MUTT AND JEFF Metro-Drew Comedy Coming Thursday DOUGLAS FAIRBANKS Triangle Program 10c CASINO THEATRE 10c Mon. Men's Assn Against Extension of Suffrage to Women THE WORLD: SUNDAY, OCTOBER 17,1915 MRS. SHAW TALKS BACK TO COL. IRISH; SUFFRAGISTS LAUGH Leader Replies to Attack Made by Californian, With Whom, She Says, She Has Had Previous Trouble. (Special to The World.) ALBANY, Oct.16. - Dr. Anna Howard Shaw amused a Suffrage mass meeting audience that packed the Assembly Chamber for more than an hour to-night when she replied to the attack upon her by Col. J. J. Irish of California at a recent Anti-Suffrage meeting in this city. She extended her sincere thanks to Col. Irish for the "admirable audience," and declared she never had heard of an Anti meeting that was not a benefit to Suffrage. She read from the published accounts of the Anti meeting, which quoted Col. Irish as shouting out: "Stand up, Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, and face the God who is a pollution on your lips." "I don't know what kind of a God Col. Irish worships," she said, "But the kind I worship was never polluted me nor can He be polluted by Col. Irish. No human being can pollute another. How can any human being then pollute God? "I see further that Col. Irish tells me to go hang myself as I am a disgrace to the ministry. If I am so much trouble to the cause I stand for I can't see why he should want me to hang myself." Previous Trouble With Colonel. Dr. Shaw said she had known Col. Irish for many years and had had a great deal of trouble with him. It dated back, she declared, to the days when the gold and silver money question was rampant and many Californians were put in the position of riding a gold horse with one leg and a silver horse with another, both going in opposite directions. "Col. Irish was one of these," she said, "and he has been an ex-official ever since. He seems to have the idea that I am attacking his family. I didn't know he had a family and didn't care." She told of a speech in which she said Phoebe Hearst of California had intended to contribute $1,000 to the anti-cause, but changed her mind on seeing that the contribution list was headed by a man who had a notorious reputation. She said Mrs. Hearst then became a Suffragist and gave her money to that side. "Col. Irish declares I made a personal attack on his family," said Dr. Shaw, "because his daughter happened to be treasurer of the anti-organization, which was collecting the money. How sensitive he must be! He's a Fine Exhibit She Says. "The gentleman from California who lost his temper at the anti-meeting is certainly a fine exhibit of the good temper of men the antis tell us about. He came all the way from California as an exhibit and was the star of the evening. What a luminary he was!" One of the arguments of the antis against women voting was that women are limited in physical and nervous powers, she declared, and she added: "All I need to say in reply to that argument is that I would like to see man walking the floor four hours with a crying baby." She warned her hearers to pay no attention to advertisements and published telegrams denouncing Suffrage. She said a detective engaged by the Suffragists had traced all the literature to a disgraced Congregational minister. The telegrams, she said, bore such signatures as "A Wife," "A Mother," "Mary Kelly," "Anna Smith" and "Home Maker." STATE WINS A VERDICT IN ROAD CONSPIRACY SUIT. GLENS FALLS, N. Y., Oct. 16, - A jury in the Supreme Court to-day returned a verdict of $4,500 for the State in the action brought by Attorney General Woodbury against the Flood & Van Wurt Company to recover for an alleged conspiracy in resurfacing the George-Bolton road. BURRELLE'S PRESS CLIPPING BUREAU 60 WARREN ST, NEW YORK NEW YORK CITY WORLD OCTOBER 17, 1915 OCTOBER 17, 1915. nervous powers, she declared, and she added: "All I need to say in reply to that argument is that I would like to see man walking the floor four hours with a crying baby." She warned her hearers to pay no attention to advertisements and published telegrams denouncing Suffrage. She said a detective engaged by the Suffragists had traced all this literature to a disgraced Congregational minister. The telegrams, she said, for such signatures as "A Wife," "A Mother," "Mary Kelly," "Anna Smith" and "Home Maker." STATE WINS A VERDICT IN ROAD CONSPIRACY SUIT. GLENS FALLS, N. Y., Oct. 16-- A jury in the Supreme Court to-day returned a verdict of $4,500 for the State in the action brought by Attorney General Woodbury against the Flood & Van Wurt Company to recover for an alleged conspiracy in resurfacing the Lake George-Bolton road. BURRELLE'S PRESS CLIPPING BUREAU 60 WARREN ST, NEW YORK CHICAGO ILL. TRIBUNE OCTOBER 12, 1915 IRISH CALLS DR. ANNA SHAW "LIAR AND TRADUCER." Californian Makes Virulent Attack on Woman Suffrage Leader in Public Address at Albany, N. Y. Albany, N. Y., Oct. 11, - [Special.] - Col. John P. Irish of Oakland, Cal., principal speaker at a big anti-suffrage meeting here tonight, made a bitter attack on Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, head of the National Suffrage association. Col. Irish minced not a word and apparently hesitated at nothing in denouncing Dr. Shaw as a "liar and traducer" and the type of person no citizen wants in politics. Col. Irish said he is merely defending his family in denouncing Dr. Shaw. He said his daughter had been indirectly attacked by the suffrage leader in a speech at Waltham, Mass. "Go hide yourself, you disgraced and degraded minister of the gospel. Stand up in the stocks so that your black soul may be seen by all men. I am doing what every husband and father would do when a member of his family is attacked. I am calling attention to the absolute unreliability of the woman at the head of the [????] movement in the United States." nervous powers, she declared, and she added: "All I need to say in reply to that argument is that I would like to see man walking the floor four hours with a crying baby." She warned her hearers to pay no attention to advertisements and published telegrams denouncing Suffrage. She said a detective engaged by the Suffragists had traced all this literature to a disgraced Congregational minister. The telegrams, she said, for such signatures as "A Wife," "A Mother," "Mary Kelly," "Anna Smith" and "Home Maker." STATE WINS A VERDICT IN ROAD CONSPIRACY SUIT. GLENS FALLS, N. Y., Oct. 16-- A jury in the Supreme Court to-day returned a verdict of $4,500 for the State in the action brought by Attorney General Woodbury against the Flood & Van Wurt Company to recover for an alleged conspiracy in resurfacing the Lake George-Bolton road. ASSAILS MISS SHAW. COL. J. P. IRISH, ANTI-SUFFRAGIST, MAKES VERBAL ATTACK. Duff Building Large Hall Half Filled at Meeting of Antis - Colonel Irish Again Speaks of Miss Helen Todd as Exhibit A. The large party of anti-suffragists touring the state at the present time in an effort to present a side of this important question that is directly opposed to that offered by the ever-present suffragists, reached New Bedford yesterday, and last night held a spirited meeting in Duff's large hall. The big room was about half filled. The speaker of the evening, Col. J. P. Irish, made a fierce attack upon Miss Anna Howard Shaw, and also took a verbal shot at Miss Helen Todd, who was here a few days ago in the interests of suffrage. The principal speaker of the evening was Colonel John P. Irish of California. The colonel, whose silvery hair contrasts sharply with his ruddy complexion, spoke for an hour and showed no signs of weariness at the finish, in spite of the 73 years to which he confessed. During his address he attacked Miss Anna Howard Shaw, the suffrage leader, for a statement that Mrs. Phoebe Hearst of California left the anti-suffrage party because she was asked to sign a subscription paper, the last name upon which was that of "the leading liquor dealer of California." "On Oct. 30. in Carnegie hall," he said, "I intend to impeach Miss Shaw's veracity. She has got to apologize to the anti-suffrage women or I will brand her with a brand on her forehead that will last as long as she lives." Colonel Irish also alluded to a speech made by Miss Helen Todd of California last Sunday on Boston Common, in which he characterized him as a liar. "After hearing that," he said, "I filed Miss Todd as Exhibit A in support of the claim that woman suffrage has a vulgarizing effect upon women. I hope she will call me a liar all over Massachusetts. She is my witness. We are in partnership against woman suffrage." Miss Marjorie Dorman of New York argued against woman suffrage as violating the basic principles of economy and efficiency, by setting the two sexes at work which one could do alone. While the meeting at the centre of the city was under way, John J. Mogan of Boston was expounding anti-suffrage doctrine to a crowd of 300 people in Weld square; and James M. Keyes spoke at an open-air meeting in the Blackmer street park. Judge Arthur R. Brown presided at the meeting in the Duff building. He said that he was a resident of Colorado at the time the woman suffrage question was first raised, and that the results that have followed the granting of the ballot to women have convinced him that the women did not really want the vote. "Year after year, up to the present time," said the speaker, "there has been a steady falling off of women in the female vote. A few women want to vote, because they think they can fill any office, and that holding office is the principal thing; and that is what they are fighting for." Miss Marjorie Dorman said she was always glad to speak against suffrage, because she was a converted suffragist. "We believe," she continued, "that there are injustice and oppression that need to be remedied; and we believe in laws; but we also believe that every class of society has equal representation at the polls, and that we are going to have justice. Women are not a class; we are included in every class. The class interests of men and women in the same class are absolutely identical. The suffragists are greatly confused on this point. If you double the number of voters of every class, no class can expect to gain any adequate advantage and the state as a whole gains nothing. It wastes the time of every class and increases the cost of elections. Votes for women cannot fail to increase the cost of living. As to safeguarding women, if you cannot trust your husbands, brothers and sons, you cannot trust any man anywhere on the face of the globe. The men of your own class are in full and sympathetic knowledge of your class needs. If you cannot trust them, you cannot trust President Wilson in the White House, for he is a man. "Women suffrage violates the basic principle of economy and efficiency, for it sets the two sexes to do what one can do alone. "The suffragists say, 'We want you to double the amount of time and energy required, add to the money expended for the machinery of the state, and greatly increase the cost of living.' If you ask them what will be gained, they look at you in a dreamy, far-off way, and reply: 'Don't you love your mother?' Loving your mother is not a governmental function and has nothing to do with the case. "The last United States census shows that of women 20 years of age and over in this country, only 19 per cent are unmarried; of those 35 years and over, only nine per cent are single; and of those 65 and over, only six per cent are single. If you are a woman, there are six chances of remaining single to 94 of some man's catching you; so that the average chance of dying an old maid is very small indeed. These statistics prove that this is a married women's country, and the average woman is our mother. The average woman does her own housework, and has three children, according to the figures. The home was founded primarily to bring up children in, and until women cease to be mothers, woman's work will never go out of the home. "With the ballot, the married woman has to face this question: "Am I going to vote according to my man, or against him?" If she votes just like him, it is a perfectly ridiculous performance. On the other hand, if he is a Republican and she a Democrat, then all she does is to put her family out of power. Old maids like myself are hopelessly out of it before we start to the polls, because we are in the minority. "Woman, from the point of view of the government, is a privileged party, the marriage contract imposing certain responsibilities upon the husband. If women had equal power at the polls, you would have a sex aristocracy, because women would make the laws, and the men would have to carry them out, with a yoke of responsibility resting upon the men. "We believe that the only way to uplift humanity is to uplift the unit, when the latter is in a plastic state, in childhood; to do it in the home, in the church, and in the school room. Who is in control there? The women, who are making the men who will make the laws. Abraham Lincoln said: "All that I am, my mother made me.' Character reform begins right in the cradle. The poorest home is a better place to bring up children than the best institution. Every orphan asylum is a challenge to all the women. "How many homes have a bad time story hour for the children today? Certain not those where the mother is out on a soap-box, haranguing for better laws for women and children. "It is not a question of women's being as intelligent as men. I think that we would amaze you if we were willing to drop the home end of life; but we can't do both. It is impossible." At the close of Miss Dorman's remarks, questions were invited, but nobody cared to ask any. Col. Irish began by stating that he did not feel like a stranger here, because his ancestors landed in Massachusetts in 1630 and settled on Nan- your popular government. In Colorado, after years of woman suffrage, the civil government became so weakened that the government of the United States had to be called in to restore guarantees of life and property. "In none of the suffrage states do the majority of women register and vote. I challenge the woman suffragists to submit this question to the vote of the women in every American state. The majority of women in Massachusetts are opposed to it, and the woman suffragists refused the test here." Col. Irish said that the "political woman" in his own state was a most unlovely woman. "Wherever women are exposed to promiscuous contact with men in politics, they are demoralized, coarsened and vulgarized. Last Sunday, on Boston Common, I heard Miss Helen Todd of California characterizing me by name, and shouting: 'He's a liar! He's a liar! He's a liar!' I filed Miss Todd as exhibit A, and I hope she will call me a liar all over Massachusetts. She is my witness. We are in partnership against woman suffrage. "What is the influence in our politics that has humanized the institutions of this country? It has been purified by the sunshine of spiritual union between man and woman. The majority of women oppose suffrage because they rule over a larger empire than man, and they will never give up that which is great for that which is small. "Last year Lucy Stone Blackwell published a statement that Mrs. Phoebe Hearst of California was an anti-suffragist until she was presented with a subscription paper for donations to the cause and noticed that the last name was that of a leading white slaver, whereupon she went over to the suffragists. I immediately countered in the same newspaper, and I killed that story right in her mouth. That vile charge concerned my own family, because my daughter was secretary of that association, and our neighbor was treasurer. No subscription paper was circulated at all, and the small expenses of the campaign were paid by myself. "Anna Howard Shaw has revived that story, substituting 'the leading liquor dealer of California' in place of 'white slaver'. I defy Miss Shaw to publish that statement over Mrs. Hearst's signature. In Carnegie hall, on Oct. 30, I intend to impeach Miss Shaw's veracity. She has got to apologize to the anti-suffrage women, or I will brand her with a brand on her forehead that will last as long as she lives. I am tired of having my family lied about by those unworthy women, and I won't have any more of it!" As the audience left the hall at the close of the meeting, a fiery "anti" argument was presented to the men, in the form of small paper books of matches, with "Vote No" printed on the cover. Literature in opposition to woman suffrage was also handed out. While the meeting at the centre of the city was under way, John J. Mogan of Boston was expounding anti-suffrage doctrine to a crowd of 300 people in Weld square; and James M. Keyes spoke at an open-air meeting in the Blackmer street park. Judge Arthur R. Brown presided at the meeting in the Duff building. He said that he was a resident of BRALEY'S MARKET 645 County St. For Friday and Saturday Native Chickens. . . . . . 30c lb Native Fowl. . . . . . . . . . 26c lb Genuine Legs Lamb. . . 22c lb Ham to boil, whole or halves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20c lb 17 pounds Sugar. . . . . . . $1.00 La Moile Valley Butter 36c lb Pleasant Valley Print Butter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38c lb Both Phones. Free Delivery. THE BEST ON THE MARKET Clear'oc Ginger Ale AND THE Golden Spring Beverages You'll find these beverages to be of the highest quality- one trial will prove this. Keep a generous supply in the house at all times. All the popular flavors. Charles T. Smith Co. INC J.T. ALMY 246 UNION ST. COR. SIXTH OPTICIAN' home was founded primarily to bring up children in, and until women cease to be mothers, woman's work will never go out of the home. "With the ballot, the married woman has to face this question: 'Am I going to vote according to my man, or against him?' If she votes just like him, it is a perfectly ridiculous performance. On the other hand, if he is a Republican and she a Democrat, then all she does is to put her family out of power. Old maids like myself are hopelessly out of it before we start to the polls, because we are in the minority. "Woman, from the point of view of the government, is a privileged party, the marriage contract imposing certain responsibilities upon the husband. If women had equal power at the polls, you would have a sex aristocracy, because women would make the laws, and the men would have to carry them out, with a yoke of responsibility resting upon the men. "We believe that the only way to uplift humanity is to uplift the unit, when the latter is in a plastic state, in childhood; to do it in the home, in the church and in the school room. Who is in control there? The women, who are making the men who will make the laws. Abraham Lincoln said: All that I am, my mother made me.' Character reform begins right in the cradle. The poorest home is a better place to bring up children than the best institution. Every orphan asylum is a challenge to all the women. "How many homes have a bed time story hour for the children today? Certain not those where the mother is out on a soap-box, haranguing for better laws for women and children. "It is not a question of women's being as intelligent as men. I think that we would amaze you if we were willing to drop the home end of life; but we can't do both. It is impossible." At the close of Miss Dorman's remarks, questions were invited, but nobody cared to ask any. Col. Irish began by stating that he did not feel like a stranger here, because his ancestors landed in Massachusetts in 1630, and settled on Nantucket; and his father and uncle sailed out of New Bedford on whaleships 100 years ago. "We are called upon," said the speaker, "to consider the gravest question that can come before a people living under popular government, a proposition to enlarge by confirming the suffrage upon women. The woman suffragists say that men usurped the ballot and have monopolized it. That is not true. No government can long endure without physical power to enforce its laws. Our forefathers gave men the right to cast the ballot, and put upon their necks the yoke of responsibility for enforcing the laws their ballots had created. "No man can evade his responsibility for the enforcement of law. If a riot takes place, the sheriff calls upon you to come as a member of his posse and insist upon the enforcement of the law. That is the sole reason for manhood suffrage. It is the joining of power with responsibility, and every man votes under penalty. "It is not because men are superior mentally or morally, but because only men have the physical power to enforce the law. Women are not endowed by nature with that physical power. No woman has ever been called upon to enforce the law in a posse, in a militia, or in the army or navy. "So, in the woman suffrage states, you have an uneven foundation for ... myself are hopelessly out of it before we start to the polls, because we are in the minority. "Woman, from the point of view of the government, is a privileged party, the marriage contract imposing certain responsibilities upon the husband. If women had equal power at the polls, you would have a sex aristocracy, because women would make the laws, and the men would have to carry them out, with a yoke of responsibility resting upon the men. "We believe that the only way to uplift humanity is to uplift the unit, when the latter is in a plastic state, in childhood; to do it in the home, in the church and in the school room. Who is in control there? The women, who are making the men who will make the laws. Abraham LIncoln said: 'All that I am, my mother made me.' Character reform begins right in the cradle. The poorest home is a better place to bring up children than the best institution. Every orphan asylum is a challenge to all the women. "How many homes have a bed time story hour for the children today? Centain not those were the mother is out on a soap-box, haranguing for better laws for women and children. "it is not a question of women's being as intelligent as men. I think that we would amaze you if we were willing to drop the home end of life; but we can't do both. It is impossible." At the close of Miss Dorman's remarks, questions were invited, but nobody cared to ask any. Col. Irish began by stating that he did not feel like a stranger here, because his ancestors landed in Massachusetts in 1630, and settled on Nantucket; and his father and uncle sailed out of New Bedford on whaleships 100 years ago. "We are called upon," said the speaker, "to consider the gravest question that can come before a people living under popular government, a proposition to enlarge by confirming the suffrage upon women. The woman suffragists say that men usurped the ballot and have monopolized it. That is not true. No government can long endure without physical power to enforce its laws. Our forefathers gave men the right to cast the ballot, and put upon their necks the yoke of responsibility for enforcing the laws their ballots had created. "No man can evade his responsibility for the enforcement of law. If a riot takes place, the sheriff calls upon you to come as a member of his posse and insist upon the enforcement of the law. That is the sole reason for manhood suffrage. It is the joining of power with responsibility, and every man votes under penalty. "it is not because men are superior mentally or morally, but because only men have the physical power to enforce the law. Women are not endowed by nature with that physical power. No woman has ever been called upon to enforce the law in a posse, in a militia, or in the army or navy. "So, in the woman suffrage states, you have an uneven foundation for SOME OPINIONS ON IRISH _____ WJ 10/9/15 The few men in the enfranchised States who oppose woman suffrage abroad are usually men who are not much respected at home. Mrs. Alice Park, of Palo Alto, telegraphs The Woman's Journal in regard to Col. Irish, of California, who is now speaking against votes for women in Massachusetts: "Irish has been laughed at for years in California. has no standing. He is a tool of the corporations. He denied four years ago that he was paid to oppose woman suffrage, but the accusation was persistent." Mrs. Mabel Craft Deering, of San Francisco, telegraphs: "Irish does not hesitate to misquote. He was caught doing so in public debate here, and exposed by Dr. Charles F. Aked. He falsifies suffrage conditions in California. Compare his statements with the joint resolution of the California Legislature of April 27 of this year." Last winter an anti-suffragist in the New York Times quoted Col. Irish, who, by the way, is an aged gentleman, and opposed equal suffrage strongly before it was granted. This quotation called out from George C. Sargent, of San Francisco, a letter to the New York Times, in which he said, in part (Feb. 5, 1915): "The facts do not bear out the statements of Col. Irish. There is no movement pending to repeal the suffrage amendment, and the only dissatisfaction expressed with it comes from those who opposed it at the time, and who are mostly of the generation about to pass away. Those who now desire to repeal it are those above mentioned, and the liquor interest. The latter has reason to fear the votes of women. Every unbiased person will say that the women of California take their new duties seriously, and do their best to vote wisely. It has been my experience and that of my gentlemen friends that the questions asked by our wives regarding candidates and measures have caused us to sit up and take notice, and give us more trouble in investigating than we ever have before. "Woman suffrage has come to California to stay. It is coming to the East as well." November 15, 1915. I do not think I can give you any further information concerning Col. John P. Irish. It is generally understood and has been frequently stated that he was employed by the liquor interests of the state to oppose prohibition last year. I do not think this has ever been denied. One thing is certain, he did oppose prohibition until it was found that the intense dislike entertained by labor union men for Mr. Irish rendered his influence harmful rather than helpful to the liquor men's cause. When this was discovered, he was dropped as a public speaker. I have heard it said that he was paid by the California Protective Association to campaign against woman suffrage in this state. I do not know how much truth there is in the statement. That association was organized to protect the liquor interest. D.M Gandier, State Superintendent California Campaign Federation (Suite) 208 Merchants Trust Building 207 S. Broadway, Los Angeles California. October 27, Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt 303 Fifth Avenue New York. My dear Mrs. Catt: I am looking for very definite and concrete facts on the career of Colonel J. P. Irish, at present campaigning for the antis in Massachusetts, and I am informed by Mr. Stitt Wilson that he has recently handed you a valuable editorial on Irish from the Oakland Enquirer. If it contains very definitely and concrete facts on his career may I trouble you to forward a copy to Mrs. Mary A. Carson, Woodlawn, Pittsfield, Massachusetts? If the material warrants it, she is planning a newspaper exposé of Colonel Irish on the eve of the election. I should like to have a copy of the editorial for my files, also. Sincerely yours, MSB/AD (Mrs. Mary Sumner Boyd) HEAD DATA DEPARTMENT October 27, Mrs. Mary A. Carson Woodlawn, Pittsfield, Massachusetts. My dear Mrs. Carson: Telegrams just received from Mrs. Deering and Alice Park give nothing new or concrete about Colonel John P. Irish. In case you are troubled [*in Massachusetts*] by statements of Mrs. Frederick H. Colburn, anti, that women do not vote in any numbers in California, and that the Red Light Abatement Act has spread vice throughout the city; Mrs. Deering says on the point, "Women's registration in San Francisco increased nineteen thousand in last year. Female vote and registration increasing steadily all over state. See Secretary of State's figures." On the second point she says: "Red Light Abatement Act not to be enforced in San Francisco 'till close of the exposition." Incidentally, though she is able to give no information in regard to proved connection between Irish and the liquor interests, Miss Park throws out the hint that Colonel Irish was worsted in debated by Dr. Aked, and [*that*] a good way to show up the flimsiness of his position is to arrange a debate for him with a good suffragist. He will probably refuse, but that itself will be a point against him. Sincerely yours, MSB/AD (Mrs. Mary Sumner Boyd) Head Data Department WESTERN UNION TELEGRAM RECEIVED AT 16 BROAD ST. (STOCK EXCHANGE BLDG), N. Y. ALWAYS OPEN A518SF FC 47 COLLECT N L COUNT 5 PERIODS PALO-ALTO CALIF OCT 26 1915 MRS MARY SUMNER BOYD NATIONAL AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE HEADQRTRS 505 FIFTH AVE NEW YORK ASK EDITOR WOMAN VOTER FOR LETTER ABOUT IRISH. COLBURN STATEMENTS ABSURD. WOMAN CAST PROPORTIONATE VOTE IN STATE AS WHOLE. CALIFORNIA APPROVES ABATEMENT ACT EXCEPT SAN FRANCISCO WHERE VICE INTERESTS STRONG. COMMUNITY PROPERTY LAWS FOUNDED ON OLD COMMON LAW UNCHANGED IN FOUR YEARS. ALICE PARK 1244A Form 1204 CLASS OF SERVICE SYMBOL Day Message Day Letter Blue Night Message Nite Night Letter N L If none of these three symbols appears after the check (number of words) this is a day message. Otherwise its character is indicated by the symbol appearing after the check. WESTERN UNION WESTERN UNION TELEGRAM AND CABLE TELEGRAM NEWCOMB CARLTON, PRESIDENT GEORGE W. E. ATKINS, VICE-PRESIDENT BELVIDERE BROOKS, VICE-PRESIDENT CLASS OF SERVICE SYMBOL Day Message Day Letter Blue Night Message Nite Night Letter N L If none of these three symbols appears after the check (number of words) this is a day message. Otherwise its character is indicated by the symbol appearing after the check. RECEIVED AT 821 SIXTH AVENUE, NEAR 46TH ST., NEW YORK ALWAYS OPEN B93NYJA 86 BLUE BLUE COLLECT COLLECT BLUE COLLECT. SANFRANCISCO CALIFORNIA OCTOBER 26TH 1915. 2PM. MRS. MARY S. BOYD. 0523 NATIONAL WOMENS SUFFRAGE ASSN. 505 FIFTH AVENUE N.Y. NOTHING DEFINITE AS TO IRISH NEVER HEARD HEARST STORY MRS, HEARSTS ADDRESS HACIENTA PLEASANTON CALIFORNIA NO CHANGE WHATEVER IN HOMESTEAD LAW OR MARRIED WOMANS PROPERTY LAW SINCE SUFFERAGE WAS GRANTED MRS. COLBURN SIMPLY AN ANTI WOMENS REGISTRATION IN SANFRANCISCO INCREASED NINETEEN THOUSAND IN LAST YEAR FEMALE VOTE AND REGISTRATION WOMANS JOURNAL WOMENS VOTE PROPORTIONAL TO POPULATION AS LARGE AS MENS RED LIGHT ABATEMENT NOT TO BE ENFORCED IN SANFRANCISCO UNTIL CLOSE OF EXPOSITION. MABEL C. DEERING, 408PM WESTERN UNION TELEGRAM RECEIVED AT 821 SIXTH AVENUE, NEAR 46TH ST. NEW YORK ALWAYS OPEN 509NYASX11 COLLECT BERKELEY CALIF 1456 OCT 26 MRS MARY SUMNER 0632 BOYD NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS 505 FIFTH AVENEWYORK REFER TO U STITT [LONDON] WILSM CAMPAIGNING NEWYORK EXPECT FURTHER ANSWER MARY MCHENRY KEITH 530PM Telephoned - nothing October 23, Mrs. Mary A. Carson Woodlawn, Pittsfield, Massachusetts. My dear Mrs. Carson : I have just received the following statement on Colonel Irish from Mrs. M. B. S. Hoar at present of Washington, D. C., but formerly of California. Both she and others promise me more definite facts in a few days. The passage follows: "I am more than sorry that at the present moment I can give you no positive information regarding John P. Irish, other than that which you already have, that he is a gas bag for sale to the highest bidder, and judging from past associations more at home with the brothel and liquor interests than any place else. He has opposed woman suffrage quite as consistently as he has avoided the state of California since the women there were enfranchised." I am trying also to get information in regard to a Mrs. Colburn who is giving out statements throughout Massachusetts. Would you like this information to be forwarded to you also? Sincerely yours, MSB/AD (Mrs. Mary Sumner Boyd) HEAD DATA DEPARTMENT Mrs. Mary A. Carson October 20, Woodlawn, Pittsfield Massachusetts. My dear Mrs. Carson: At present all our material on Colonel Irish consists in the following telegram from Isidor Jacobs: [*10/20/15*] Wiring you at request Mrs. Kate Barrett regarding Colonel Irish record for many years special privileged interests have purchased his oratorical services he recently represented California liquor interests in fight against prohibition strong probability now representing liquor interests in fight against woman suffrage corroboration these facts readily obtainable many sources. We are making inquiries and will let you know results. Dr. Shaw knows nothing definite in regard to the Colonel's record, [would like to know whether there is any truth in the story of Mrs. Hearst. You ? it advisable, if the material is not too voluminous, to telegraph your reply.] Sincerely yours, MSB/AD HEAD DATA DEPARTMENT. [*File Irish (Col J.R.)*] October 25, Mr. William H. McMasters 565 Boylston Street Boston, Massachusetts. Dear Mr. McMasters: Will you let us know all that you have found out in regard to Colonel J. P. Irish? We want especially very definite and concrete facts about his political career. All that we have now is impressions. Sincerely yours, MSB/AD (Mrs. Mary Sumner Boyd) HEAD DATA DEPARTMENT [*8*] October 23, San Francisco Bulletin San Francisco California. Gentlemen: Kindly furnish us with definite and concrete facts on the career of Colonel John P. Irish. Sincerely yours, MSB/AD (Mrs. Mary Sumner Boyd) HEAD DATA DEPARTMENT [*no reply*] [*File (Col. JB) Irish*] October 25, Mrs. M. Hoar 504 Wardman Courts West Washington, D. C. My dear Mrs. Hoar: Thank you very much for your long and careful letter. The men at Collier's knew nothing of Irish. Norman Hapgood's Washington address is the Grafton. I should be glad to know whether you get something very definite and concrete from him. Sincerely yours, MSB/AD (Mrs. Mary Sumner Boyd) HEAD DATA DEPARTMENT. EXCERPT OF LETTER FROM MRS. M.B.S. HOAR TO MRS. MARY SUMNER BOYD. ********* Washington, D. C. October 20, 1915. "I am more than sorry that at the present moment I can give you no positive information regarding John P. Irish, other than that which you already have, that he is a gas bag for sale to the highest bidder, and judging from past associations more at home with the brothel and liquor interests than any place else. He has opposed woman suffrage quite as consistently as he has avoided the state of California since the women there were enfranchised." Duplicate letter sent to Mrs. Wm. Keith, 2701 Ridgewood Ave., Berkeley, Cal. [*letter from Mrs MBS Hoar*] 504 Wardman Courts West, Washington D.C. October 20,1915.''Mrs Mary S Boyd, New York City,N.Y. My Dear Mrs Boyd; I am more than sorry that at the present moment I can five you no positive information regarding John P Irish,other than that which you already have,that he is a gas bag for sale to the highest bidder,and judging from past associations more at home with the brothel and liquor interests than any place else.He has opposed woman suffrage quite as consistently as he has avoided the state of California since the women there were enfranchised. I will write at once though for his record,and if you want me to telegraph,let me know.The mail will be slow,but it will do no harm to have him down pat for future occasions. As to why Mrs Hearst left the antis,the yarn is a new one to me and doubtless originated in the brain of Mr Irish.As I think the antis would have been smooth enough to hide the names on the subscription list that might offend her.However,she is in San Francisco this week,and I think would respond to an inquiry. I think Mrs Gertrude Atherton could give you Mr Irish's record if she chose to do so.Also Norman Hapgood.I had heard that he is at present in Washington and have been trying g[*f*]or the last half hour to run down the rumor,by phone,but cannot.If you can ascertain if he is and where he might be interviewed I will see him. If I am not mistaken the editor,or one of the editorial staff of Colliers is an old San Francisco newspaper man who would also have the Irish record. I know of no Mrs Colburn connected with the California Federation.The president of the San Francisco district,is Mrs Percy King,whose address is Napa,California.I think this is her second term,she was preceeded for two terms by Mrs Percy Shuman 2 of San Mateo Calif. under whom Mrs King served as vice president. I can think of no Mrs Colburn nor can I locate one in any of my club literature. [*Rest of letter filed in California folder.*] Percy King, whose address is Napa, California. I think this is her 2nd term, she was preceded for two terms by Mrs Percy Shuran 2 of San Mateo Calif. under whom Mrs King served as the vice president. I can think of no Mrs Colburn nor can I locate one in any of my club literature. Rest of letter filed in California folder. Duplicate letter sent to Mrs. Wm Keith, 2701 Ridgewood Ave., Berkeley, Cal. Mts. Frank Deering, 2709 Larkin St. San Francisco. Miss Alice Park, 611 Gilman St. Palo Alto, Cal. Oct 20. Mrs. Allen Hear Wardman Courts W., Washington, D.C. My dear Mrs. Hoar: Colonel John P. Irish is speaking for the anti-suffragists in Massachusetts and we are receiving inquiries from Massachusetts suffragists in regard to his political record. All that we have is vague - that he is a politician who sells to the highest bidder; that he was in the employ of the liquor interests in the campaign for the vote in California, etc. We need definite material on his career, and we should be most grateful if you could get it to us by return mail, for as you know, the Massachusetts campaign is over in two weeks. Colonel Irish is to speak in New York, at Carnegie Hall, on October 30th, and announces his intention to "impeach Dr. Shaw's veracity for her statement that Mrs. Phoebe Hearst of California left the anti-suffragist party because she was asked to sign a subscription paper, the last name upn which was that of a leading liquor dealer of California." Dr. Shaw does not remember ever making such a statement, but she would like to know whether there is any truth in the story of Mrs. Hearst. An adverse statement has just this minute come to us in regard to the working woman suffrage in California. It is given out by Mrs. Frederick H. Colburn, who purports to be present Chairman of the San Francisco District Federation of Woman's Clubs. Can you tell us anything about her and can you tell us if there is ay foundation of truth in her statement. Form 1201 10-20-15. Mrs. Allen Hoar. #2. that after the excitement of the first election was over, very few women took the trouble to vote, and a sentiment adverse to woman suffrage has been growing up among women? She states also that the effect of the Red Light Abatement Act in San Francisco has been spread vice throughout the city. She also makes the following statement about recent laws disadvantageous to women: "you have only to consider the position of women before and since equal suffrage. Before, a widow could file a homestead on her husband's estate and exempt $5000 from any debt whatsoever. To-day a wife may be sued for alimony; she must assume responsibility and pay rent and house bills if her husband fails to do so. It is possible for a husband to run her into debt. He may even buy a ring for another woman and make his wife pay for it. A wife cannot exempt a single cent, and if her husband dies she is liable for his debts. If she acquires property later, if can be taken from her to pay the husband's creditors. If the husband goes bankrupt, the wife is liable. "This has come since women have had the franchise." Very sincerely yours, Head of Data Department. MSB/MB. WESTERN UNION TELEGRAM RECEIVED AT 16 BROAD ST. (STOCK EXCHANGE BUILDING), NY 191SFAN 50NL SAN FRANCISCO CAL OCT 17 15 DOCTOR ANNA HOWARD SHAW PRESIDENTS NATIONAL SUFFRAGE ASN 505 5 AVE NEWYORK WIRING YOU AT REQUEST MRS KATE BARRETT REGARDING COLONEL IRISH RECORD FOR MANY YEARS SPECIAL PRIVILEGED INTERESTS HAVE PURCHASED HIS ORATORICAL SERVICES HE RECENTLY REPRESENTED CALIFORNIA LIQUOR INTERESTS IN FIGHT AGAINST PROHIBITION STRONG PROBABILITY NOW REPRESENTING LIQUOR INTERESTS IN FIGHT AGAINST WOMAN SUFFRAGE CORROBATION THESE FACTS READILY OBTAINABLE MANY SOURCES ISIDOR JACOBS 1155PM The Woman's Journal, June 3, 1916. John P. Irish Attacked Lincoln As He now Attacks Suffrage. Called him "Fool", "Knave", "Smutty Old Joker", and said he was determined to crush the liberties of the People- "Noble Patriot" Now Slanders Women. Mr. John P. Irish became editor of the State Press at Iowa City, July 6, 1864. The following extracts taken from the files of his paper, now in the Library of the State Historical Society in Iowa City, are from the issues under dates given. July 6,1896- part of the editorial: "Lincoln is determined to crush the liberties of our people and be absolute dictator, or is curious to know how much tyranny the American people will stand in these days, before they assert their rights as did our fathers against King George, by open defiance." July 13,1864-Editorial: "Lincoln's Supporters." "Shoddyites, pilferers, political preachers and a few fair but foolish fanatics. The means by which his election is to be carried, bayonets, bullets, boroughs (rotten), bullying and breastlines. The result of his election will be star chamber courts on a grander scale than ever. A looseness in public and private morals equal to that which prevailed during the French Revolution. A collapse of the public credit which even now is trembling like a broken bridge." July 27, 1864- Editorial: "As will be seen by the news column, sone agents of the Confederacy have been trying to open negotiations for peace and reunion. Lincoln turned all overtures by telling them that if they desired to abandon slavery he would condescend to treat with them. After this, can anyone be so crazy as to say that the war is for the Union? Can anyone be so fanatical as to desire the ruin of the country in order that slavery may be abandoned? The 5th of September approaches, when 500,000 Americans are to be dragged like beasts into the bloody arena to fight for the abandonment of slavery.' Will the people consent to be torn from their homes, to lose all that makes life sweet, to fight, not for the Union they have been taugh to revere, not for the laws they respect, not for the security of their own homes and liberties, but to fight- that the negro, the miserable, degraded negro may be freed, that he may elevate his hideous head to a level with theirs, that he may fill at the anvil, the bench or the plow left vacant by those whom Abraham Africanus I, has commanded to fight the battles and to lay down their lives that he may be secure in another four years of power, that he may subject the people to another term of bondage, and play the first-rate knave and the second-rate fool for the amusement of the whole world? For our part, we think the people have endured long enough this drain upon their blood and treasure, and to stop it, they should demonstrate to the powers that be that the spirit of '76 is yet alive in their breasts, that a tyrant can no longer trifle with them save at the peril of his own miserable, guilt-stained head." July 27,1864: Published letter in editorial columns, for Jos. Dickinson, in which he refers to Lincoln, the meanest of them all," and cries- "Farmers of Iowa! have you ever computed the cost of the undertaking into which youmheve been beguiled by the leaders of the abolition party?" August 10,1864- Editorial: "Keep it before the people that Mr. Lincoln refuses to hear any proposition for peace which does not include the abandonment of slavery as an indispensable prerequisite. 2 "Keep it before the people that this determination President declares the war to be an abolition raid waged for the freedom of negroes, and not for the restoration of the Union." August 17,1864: In an editorial, refers to Lincoln as the "widow-maker" and "the national sexton." A report of a meeting held at the courthouse, of which John P. Irish was secretary, contains resolution approving a Peace call, with the following preamble: "WHEREAS, The time has arrived when silence with regard to the brutal warfare in which abolitionism and its co-operating forces of fanaticism and corruption have involved us, becomes criminal," etc. August 24, 1864- Editorial: "A Suggestion." 1864-1916 by Witter Bynner. (Written in Davenport, Iowa, after hearing a speech by John P. Irish who, fifty-two years ago, was calling Lincoln, "fool", knave "Sneak-thief" and "assassin." There came a man to our town And he was wondrous wise, He jumped on every suffragist And scratched out both her eyes. He did the same to Lincoln, For freedom makes him blue, But as Lincoln had survived it, The suffragists will, too. "In an article in the Press two weeks ago, and a letter from a correspondent, the white cravatted-hyprocrites of this city, who are engaged in prostituting their pulpits to the dirty work of Abolitionist, were denounced- and very properly. Salaries are apid these men that they may preach "Jesus Cjrist and Him crucified' to a dying world, and not that they may turn their pulpits into a political rostrum to be used by them in the unChristianlike practice of vilifying and slandering their neighbors who are engaged in holy work of endeavoring to restore peace and harmony to our distracted and well-night ruined country. Let these gentlemen but fulfill the duties of the high office to which they are called, and no word of denunciation will ever be found in these columns against them. We trust we entertain a proper regard for the sacred office, and it gratifies us to know that there are many pastors, and some in Iowa City, who honestly, and to the acceptance of the people, endeavor to fulfill their high missions? But we have some super-eminently loyal gentlemen among us who are not content to perform the appropriate duties of their calling but must needs go out and dabble in the dirty pool of partisan politics. They seem to regard it as part of their ministerial duties to laboe for the reelection of the 'smutty old joker' who disgraces the seat of Washington." October 26,1864- Editorial: "Student's Vote." "It has been heretofore the practice of the students of the University here, to vote at akk of our elections. These young men are in the majority of cases so entirely under the thumb of the Faculty, and a majority of the Faculty is known to be so devoted to the false undirty gods of abolitionism, that the political status of the concern is well-known. Students have carried, b their vote, our city and school elections. But now we have a judicial decision against them, Judge Isbell having decided that a student from abroad is not a competent juror." 3 November 9, 1864 - Editorial "All Over." "The battle for civil liberty regulated by the constitution of our fathers, has been fought. The result is yet in doubt, but of one thing there can be no doubt. If the enemies of the people, the villains, four years have reseated themselves in the positions that they have already covered with the most damnable disgrace, they have done so by fraud and deception. We say this because such men are incapable of yielding to honest impulses if they ever have them; because, from Lincoln and Seward down to Grinnell and the meanest hound who takes his key-note from their yelpings, the whole pack is animated by the feelings that control the pickpocket and assassin. The characteristics of the pimp and sneak-thief appear in them undisguised and horribly hideous from their enlargement, That this once great and free land is to be destroyed by such monsters, is a buring shame, a shame that should cause the cheek of every lover of his country to tingle with honest indignation." AN ANTI- SUFFRAGE MONOLOGUE BY MARIE JENNEY HOWE National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co., Inc. Publishers for the National American Woman Suffrage Association 505 Fifth Avenue New York City An Anti-Suffrage Monologue By MARIE JENNEY HOWE PLEASE do not think of me as old-fashioned. I pride myself on being a modern up-to-date woman. I believe in all kinds of broad-mindedness, only I do not believe in woman suffrage because to do that would be to deny my sex. Woman suffrage is the reform against nature. Look at these ladies sitting on the platform. Observe their physical inability, their mental disability, their spiritual instability and general debility! Could they walk up to the ballot box, mark a ballot and drop it in? Obviously not. Let us grant for the sake of argument that they could mark a ballot. But could they drop it in? Ah, no. All nature is against it. The laws of man cry out against it. The voice of God cries out against it—and so do I. Enfranchisement is what makes man man. Disfranchisement is what makes woman woman. If women were enfranchised every man would be just like every woman and every woman would be just like every man. There would be no difference between them. And don't you think this would rob life of just a little of its poetry and romance? Man must remain man. Woman must remain woman. If man goes over and tries to be like woman, if woman goes over and tries to be like man, it will become so very confusing and so difficult to explain to our children. Let us take a practical example. If a woman puts on a man's coat and trousers, takes a man's cane and hat and cigar and goes out on the street, what will happen to her? She will be arrested and thrown in jail. Then why not stay at home? I know you begin to see how strongly I feel on this subject, but I have some reasons as well. These reasons are based on logic. Of course, I am not logical. I am a creature of impulse, instinct and intuition—and I glory in it. But I know that these reasons are based on logic because I have culled them from the men whom it is my privilege to know. 3 My first argument against suffrage is that the women would not use it if they had it. You couldn't drive them to the polls. My second argument is, if women were enfranchised they would neglect their homes, desert their families and spend all their time at the polls. You may tell me that the polls are only open once a year. But I know women. They are creatures of habit. If you let them go to the polls once a year, they will hang round the polls all the rest of the time. I have arranged these arguments in couplets. They go together in such a way that if you don't like one you can take the other. This is my second anti-suffrage couplet. If the women were enfranchised they would vote exactly as their husbands do and only double the existing vote. Do you like that argument? If not, take this one. If the women were enfranchised they would vote against their own husbands, thus creating dissension, family quarrels, and divorce. My third anti-suffrage couplet is--women are angels. Many men call me an angel and I have a strong instinct which tells me it is true; that is why I am an anti, because "I want to be an angel and with the angels stand." And if you don't like that argument take this one. Women are depraved. They would introduce into politics a vicious element which would ruin our national life. Fourth anti-suffrage couplet: women cannot understand politics. Therefore there would be no use in giving women political power, because they would not know what to do with it. On the other hand, if the women were enfranchised, they would mount rapidly into power, take all the offices from all the men, and soon we would have women governors of all our states and dozens of women acting as President of the United States. Fifth anti-suffrage couplet: women cannot band together. They are incapable of organization. No two women can eve be friends. Women are cats. On the other hand, if women were enfranchised, we would have all the women banded together on one side and all the men banded together on the other side, and there would follow a sex war which might end in bloody revolution. Just one more of my little couplets: a ballot is greatly over-estimated. It has never done anything for anybody. Lots of men tell me this. And the corresponding argument is--the 4 ballot is what makes man man. It is what gives him all his dignity and all of his superiority to women. Therefore if we allow women to share this privilege, how could a woman look up to her own husband? Why, there would be nothing to look up to. I have talked to many woman suffragists and I find them very unreasonable. I say to them: "Here I am, convince me." I ask for proof. Then they proceed to tell me of Australia and Colorado and other places where women have passed excellent laws to improve the condition of working women and children. But I say, "What of it?" These are facts. I don't care about facts. I ask for proof. Then they quote the eight million women of the United States who are now supporting themselves, and the twenty-five thousand married women in the City of New York who are self-supporting. But I say again, what of it? These are statistics. I don't believe in statistics. Facts and statistics are things which no truly womanly woman would ever use. I wish to prove anti-suffrage in a womanly way--that is, by personal example. This is my method of persuasion. Once I saw a woman driving a horse and the horse ran away with her. Isn't that just like a woman? Once I read in the newspapers about a woman whose house caught on fire, and she threw the children out of the window and carried the pillows downstairs. Does that show political acumen, or does it not? Besides, look at the hats that women wear! And have you ever known a successful woman governor of a state? Or have you ever known a really truly successful woman President of the United States? Well, if they could they would, wouldn't they? Then, if they haven't, doesn't that show that couldn't? As for the militant suffragettes, they are all hyenas in petticoats. Now do you want to be a hyena and wear petticoats? Now, I think I have proved anti-suffrage; and I have done it is a womanly way--that is, without stooping to the use of a single fact or argument or a single statistic. I am the prophet of a new idea. No one has ever thought of it or heard of it before. I well remember when this great idea first came to me. It waked me in the middle of the night with a shock that gave me a headache. This is it: woman's place is in the home. Is it not beautiful as it is new, new as it is 5 true? Take this idea away with you. You will find it very helpful in your daily lives. You may not grasp it just at first, but you will gradually grow to understand it. I know the suffragists reply that all our activities have been taken out of the home. The baking, the washing, the weaving, the spinning are all long since taken out of the home. But I say, all the more reason that something should stay in the home. Let it be woman. Beside, think of the great modern invention, the telephone. That has been put into the home. Let woman stay at home and answer the telephone. We antis have so much imagination! Sometimes it seems to us that we can hear the little babies in the slums crying to us. We can see the children in factories and mines reaching out their little hands to us, and the working women in the sweated industries, the underpaid, underfed women, reaching out their arms to us--all, all crying as with one voice. "Save us, save us, from Woman Suffrage." Well may they make this appeal to us, for who knows what woman suffrage might not do for such as these. It might even alter the conditions under which they live. We antis do not believe that any conditions should be altered. We want everything to remain just as it is. All is for the best. Whatever is, is right. If misery is in the world, God has put it there; let it remain. If this misery presses harder on some women than others, it is because they need discipline. Now, I have always been comfortable and well cared for. But then I never needed discipline. Of course I am only a weak, ignorant woman. But there is one thing I do understand from the ground up, and that is the divine intention toward woman. I know that the divine intention toward woman is, let her remain at home. The great trouble with the suffragists is this; they interfere too much. They are always interfering. Let me take a practical example. There is in the City of New York a Nurses' Settlement, where sixty trained nurses go forth to care for sick babies and give them pure milk. Last summer only two or three babies died in this slum district around the Nurses' Settlement, whereas formerly hundreds of babies have died there every summer. Now what are these women doing? Interfering, interfering, with the death rate! And what is their motive in so doing? 6 They seek notoriety. They want to be noticed. They are trying to show off. And if sixty women who merely believe in suffrage behave in this way, what may we expect when all women are enfranchised? What ought these women to do with their lives? Each one ought to be devoting herself to the comfort of some man. You may say, they are not married. But I answer, let them try a little harder and they might find some kind of man to devote themselves to. What does the Bible say on this subject? It says, "Seek and ye shall find." Besides, when I look around me at the men; I feel that God never meant us women to be too particular. Let me speak one word to my sister women who are here to-day. Women, we don't need to vote in order to get our own way. Don't misunderstand me. Of course I want you to get your own way. That's what we're here for. But do it indirectly. If you want a thing, tease. If that doesn't work, nag. If that doesn't do, cry--crying always brings them around. Get what you want. Pound pillows. Make a scene. Make home a hell on earth, but do it in a womanly way. That is so much more dignified and refined than walking up to a ballot box and dropping in a piece of paper. Can't you see that? Let us consider for a moment the effect of woman's enfranchisement on man. I think some one ought to consider the men. What makes husbands faithful and loving? The ballot, and the monopoly of that privilege. If women vote, what will become of men? They will all slink off drunk and disorderly. We antis understand men. If women were enfranchised, men would revert to their natural instincts such as regicide, matricide, patricide, and race-suicide. Do you believe in race-suicide or do you not? Then, isn't it our duty to refrain from a thing that would lure men to destruction? It comes down to this. Some one must wash dishes. Now, would you expect man, man made in the image of God, to roll up his sleeves and wash the dishes? Why it would be blasphemy. I know that I am but a rib and so I wash the dishes. Or I hire another rib to do it for me, which amounts to the same thing. Let us consider the argument from the standpoint of religion. The Bible says, "Let the women keep silent in the churches." Paul says, "Let them keep their hats on for fear of the angels." 7 My minister says, "Wives, obey your husbands." And my husband says that woman suffrage would rob the rose of its fragrance and the peach of its bloom. I think that is so sweet. Besides did George Washington ever say, "votes for women?" No. Did the Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm ever say, "Votes for women?" No. Did Elijah, Elisha, Micah, Hezekiah, Obadiah and Jeremiah ever say, "Votes for women?" No. Then that settles it. I don't want to be misunderstood in my reference to woman's inability to vote. Of course she could get herself to the polls and lift a piece of paper. I don't doubt that. What I refer to is the pressure on the brain, the effect of this mental strain on woman's delicate nervous organization and on her highly wrought sensitive nature. Have you ever pictured to yourself Election Day with women voting? Can you imagine how women, having undergone this terrible ordeal, with their delicate systems all upset, will come out of the voting booths and be led away by policemen, and put into ambulances, while they are fainting and weeping, half laughing, half crying, and having fits upon the public highway? Don't you think that if a woman is going to have a fit, it is far better for her to have it in the privacy of her own home? And how shall I picture to you the terrors of the day after election? Divorce and death will rage unchecked, crime and contagious disease will stalk unbridled through the land. Oh, friends, on this subject I feel--I feel, so strongly that I cannot think! 8 SPEECH of MRS. A. J. GEORGE Before the COMMITTEE ON WOMAN SUFFRAGE UNITED STATES SENATE 1913 Printed by the Pennsylvania Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage Argument of Mrs. A. J. George BROOKLINE, MASS. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, the National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage appears before this committee, which is understood already to be committed to a favorable report, in order that it may place on record the principles which are held by what is undoubtedly the majority of women of this country, in regard to the distribution of the duties of life among men and women. The vote is far from being the whole story in this dispute. The question of recommending an amendment to the Constitution of the United States interferes with our State system of determining the electorate– a system which up to the present time has been shown to advantage; particularly where those most concerned are not able to vote upon the question it is desirable that the State should hesitate to confer the franchise upon an electorate the majority of which is acknowledged to be indifferent or opposed to the exercise of the franchise, and it is desirable that the State should wait until the actual balance of opinion is shown to be with those who demand the extension of the franchise before so extending it. Since the days of the Mayflower compact to the time of the Arizona constitution we have been a people bound to obedience under what is undoubtedly the will of the majority; that the majority of the women of this country do not desire the suffrage, and that in no selfish way, but do not look upon the ballot as the best means of contributing their social efficiency to the body politic is shown by the fact that when the question is submitted to women a very small percentage of women go on record as in favor of woman suffrage. The figures of the National Suffrage Association show that a scant 8 per cent. of the women of voting age in this country are enrolled as suffragists, and surely we can reasonably assume that if an American woman wants a thing she is quite likely to ask for it. The only State which has had a poll of all the women of the State made possible is my own State of Massachusetts. In 1895 all persons who were eligible to vote for school committee were eligible to vote on the question submitted at the general election in November, Is it expedient that municipal suffrage should be granted to the women of Massachusetts? Many people are in favor of municipal suffrage who do not advocate full suffrage for women. The suffragists had a splendid organization, 50 years old. They did everything they could during that summer of 1895 to bring out a large vote in favor of municipal suffrage for the women of Massachusetts. Our association was organized only in May of that year. There was also a man suffrage association, with Hon. Eden S. Draper as president, which worked to bring out the men's vote against the question, but urged the women who were opposed not to go on record, but to let the stay-at-home votes show the indifference of the average woman of Massachusetts. What was the result? Four percent of the women of Massachusetts cared enough about municipal suffrage to go to the polls and register in favor of it at that November election. The majority given by the men was the largest majority ever given to any question submitted to the people of the State. Every county and every congressional, councilor, senatorial, and representative district in the Commonwealth cast a majority against the proposition. The majority against woman suffrage in Massachusetts was more than twice as great as that against either prohibition or biennial elections. That was in 1895, and you may say the world has moved rapidly since those days and that we should have another vote of the women now. It is an extraordinary thing that wherever you suggest to the suffragists that this measure should be submitted to the women they make lively opposition. In other words, they say that woman must have the ballot on every other question save this one in which she is most vitally concerned; and they contend that an electorate of women must be enfranchised in order to properly decide all other questions. There is nothing that so frightens a suffragist as a suggestion that this question be submitted to a vote of the women. They remember our vote in Massachusetts of 1895, where only 4 percent. of the women went on record in favor of woman suffrage, and they also remember that the membership of the National Suffrage Association is a small percentage of the women in the country, and they know, too, that where women have the opportunity to vote, when the novelty of the thing is passed, we find a small proportion of women voting. In my State women have had the right to vote for school committees since 1879. A woman need only tell her age, which is a difficult proposition sometimes to make to the woman. You may smile, but you must remember that the first-legislation put through in Colorado and the first legislation put through in California after women were enfranchised was a bill that a woman need only declare that she is of voting age. That is not equal rights; that is special privilege. But in my State if a woman is brave enough to tell her age and is a citizen she can register and vote for school committee without paying any poll tax. She paid a poll tax from 1879 to 1884. In 1884 the prepayment of a poll tax by men as a qualification for voting was done away with. It is not necessary now for anyone to show a receipt of payment of poll tax. It is only necessary to show that the voter has been assessed a poll tax, and a woman does not have to pay any poll tax whatever. Yet in Massachusetts in the last 17 years we have a registration of women amounting to 4.8 per cent. throughout the State of all the women who could register an vote, and of those only 2.1 per cent., less that 50 per cent. of those registered, got to the polls on election day. In 1879 the suffragists, eager and zealous and sincere women, who looked upon the ballot as the best means of showing woman's social efficiency, said, "Evidently we can not hope for the full franchise at present, but give us the school vote and we will show you what we will do with it." And they have made a clear case for the anti-suffragists. You may say that this is a peculiar situation, that men would not vote if they could vote only on school matters, but the women said, "Give it to us as a test of our interest, and we will show you what we will do." In Boston last year, where the situation was very clear, we had a candidate of the machine and we had a woman candidate for the school board. We had not had a woman member of the school board for seven years. In passing it is interesting to note that we have had as strong women, if not stronger women, on our school boards in Massachusetts under the votes of men that we have had under the votes of men and women. But this year the issue was very clear. We had a machine candidate against a woman. The suffragists refused to indorse the woman because she would not indorse woman suffrage. She did not say she was opposed to woman suffrage, but she did not indorse woman suffrage. There was no question of her fitness ; there was no question of her ability, because of her long training in education work ; but the suffragists refused to indorse her because she would not indorse the special means by which they proposed to better the conditions of our educational system. Yet we found that under these conditions in this year 1913 fewer women went to the polls on election day than have gone any time since 1879, with two exceptions, and the votes of the men elected that woman. We have never had so much agitation for woman suffrage in Boston and we have never had so little exercise of the suffrage which the women now hold. The same holds true in Connecticut. From 2 1/2 to 3 per cent. of the women who can register and vote do so. The very day before the Connecticut women went before the Legislature of Connecticut to ask for the full vote there was a school election in Hartford, Conn. Eighteen thousand women were entitled to register and vote at that election, and 95 women cast their vote on election day. A current magazine widely circulated (The Outlook of April 19, 1913, p. 839) cites the vote in the town of Dedham, Mass. Dedham is a fortunate town, and a particularly fair town to cite in evidence 4 of woman's readiness to use the school suffrage. This magazine citation, however, does not take the actual number of votes cast, but does take the number of registered voters, and gives 49 as the number of women voters in Dedham this year. As a matter of fact this was the number of women registered, for not a single woman has remembered it was election day for 11 years–for 11 years in the town of Dedham. I will leave with the clear the figures furnished by the town clerk of Dedham: Voters Actually Voted Male Female Male Female 1889. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,264 154 756 154 1890. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,359 180 766 58 1891. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,367 91 916 34 1892. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,505 74 1,001 10 1893. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,534 41 1,078 32 1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,536 116 1,264 19 1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,573 116 1,201 2 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,665 101 1,311 37 1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,423 102 1,306 43 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,476 91 1,189 59 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,471 82 1,194 17 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,574 79 1,186 2 1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,570 78 1,249 32 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,642 74 1,271 3 1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,643 72 1,240 1 1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,670 69 1,113 0 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,634 65 1,326 0 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,687 65 1,422 0 1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,687 63 1,340 0 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,710 60 1,354 0 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,681 56 1,260 0 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,793 55 1,439 0 1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,803 55 1,540 0 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,884 49 1,587 0 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,948 49 1,609 0 It very difficult to give the figures in regard to the woman's vote in the suffrage States, because we are told by the secretaries of state of those States, that the votes of men and women are not segregated, they are not kept separate. I have it, however, on the authority of the commissioner of elections in San Francisco that "about two-thirds" of the registered women voted at the election of November 5, 1912. The commissioner reports that two-thirds of the registered women voters and two-thirds of the registered men voters voted. But he gives figures which show that only 39 per cent. of the women registered. Therefore if only two-thirds of them got to the polls on November 5, only 29 per cent. of the women of San Francisco availed themselves of the opportunity to vote for the first time in the history of their State for presidential electors on November 5, 1912. Three years ago here in Washington you were told that there was to be a petition signed by a million women presented to Congress, and when the petition was presented it contained in round numbers 5 the signatures of 160,000 women, of 122,000 men, and, according to suffrage reports, official reports, 119,000 unclassified. If they are not men or women I hardly know in what class we shall put that 119,000. A VOICE. Children MRS GEORGE. Someone suggests children. I have a photograph of the youngest member of the National Suffrage Association, and it is a baby 6 weeks of age. We saw in the parade last May babies wheeled up the street with the sign "I wish mother could vote" on the perambulators. We also saw boys 12 years of age carrying banners, "I wish our schoolteacher could vote"; but, gentlemen, the matter of the extension of the suffrage to women is a more serious matter than questions of tariff or finance, and I fancy that the members of this committee would not give great weight to babies' arguments in regard to tariff or finance, or would not even take the experience of 12-year-old boys as a safe guide in a fundamental principle of government. [Applause.] In Ohio in September last there was a majority of 87,000 against woman suffrage, and that majority was rolled up not because the special interests were opposed to women suffrage, not because men wished to withhold from women something which the men had, but because the average voter in Ohio voted as he believed the women he knew wished him to vote, and only 19 out of 88 counties in Ohio voted "yes" on the constitutional amendment for woman suffrage. In New Hampshire a vote of the constitutional convention of that State was taken on June 20, 1912. The measure to submit to the people a constitutional amendment for woman suffrage had gone though the constitutional convention 10 years before, and had gone defeated at the polls. Last June a similar measure did not even get though the constitutional convention, but was there defeated by a vote of 208 to 149, and, largely, we believe, because of of the organized opposition of the women of New Hampshire, who believe that woman can best do her work apart from party politics. In three weeks the women of New Hampshire who had been roused to the dangers of the woman-suffrage propaganda, in three weeks those women collected one-half as many names of women 21 years of age and over - that is, possible voters - opposed to woman suffrage as the suffragists had gathered of men, women and minors in 40 years of agitation. They reported about 3,500 signatures collected in three weeks as against 7,000 signatures collected "with great effort" by the suffragists in 40 years. In 1848 the first woman's rights convention was held in Seneca Falls, N. Y., and at that time a long list of grievances was drawn up, known as the "Declaration of sentiments." It forms interesting reading. I quote briefly: The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpation on the part of man toward woman, having as the indirect object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. Man has endeavored in every way he could to destroy her confidence in her own powers, to lessen her self-respect, and to make her willing to lead a dependent and abject life. And so the citation of "grievances" goes on, and always "her inalienable right to the elective franchise" is urged as the means to free women and girls from the yoke of men. In 1848 there were many injustices and inequalities for women before the law still existing from the common law which we had inherited from England. It is a curious thing, however, that while all this agitation for woman suffrage has gone on, with the attempt to show that woman must have the ballot in order to be an equal with man, woman has had an increasing recognition of her legal and civil rights. Since 1848 the civil and legal rights of women have been so fully recognized that in the movement for woman suffrage we forget that the procession has passed and woman does not need the ballot as a means of justice. There is no need to call to the attention of this committee the various rights and exemptions which woman enjoys to-day before the law. We were told last February in an edition of a New York daily that a certain woman would march up Pennsylvania Avenue in the parade of March 3 with hands shackled to show the condition of the unenfranchised women of this country. Curiously enough the same paper which gave us that information told us that a measure had been introduced in the Assembly of New York providing for a constitutional amendment which should forbid any distinction before the law on account of sex and should make inoperative on its passage all such existing law. While is the true picture of the condition of unenfranchised woman in this country - the woman who chooses to have her hands tied with the rope and represent the state of the unenfranchised woman in this country, or the splendid recognition of woman's service to the State, which she alone can perform, and because of which a great State like New York gives her special rights and exemptions in order that the motherhood of the race may be protected and that our citizens shall have the birthright and the inheritance of a strong and vigorous childhood? [Applause.] I have met a few suffragists who say that this is all wrong and we should have equal rights, responsibilities, and duties for all, and special privileges to none. Mr. Henry B. Blackwell said repeatedly before the Massachusetts Legislature that he believed women should have equal rights, responsibilities, and duties: and on one occasion he said, "And the wife should be equally responsible with the husband for the financial maintenance of the household." [Applause.] They said back there in 1848, "Man has denied woman the facilities for obtaining a thorough education, all colleges being closed against her." It is a curious thing that there are to-day more institutions which grant degrees to women in this country than there are institutions 7 which grant degrees to men - largely because of the fact that the men's colleges grant degrees from their graduate departments to women, while I know of but one woman's college which has granted even an honorary degree to a man, and that was within the last four months. A great many things in life are coincident which are not consequent one upon another as cause and effect. Whatever part the agitation for woman suffrage has played in the opening of educational opportunities to women - and the work of the suffrage party has been for coeducation rather than for higher education - we must admit that the results have come, not by the use of the woman's vote, by which alone the early suffragists said they could accomplish these desirable results, but without the use of the ballot. The foundation of Vassar, of Wellesley, of Smith, of Mount Holyoke, was in no way connected with the suffrage movement. The splendid pioneer work of Mary Lyon and Emily Willard and Catherine Beecher in showing what women could do found its logical result in the opening of the splendid colleges for women. If there were opportunity it would be worth while to consider the story of the opening of Harvard University examinations for women, and the opening of the graduate departments of Yale University to women. In both instances, by a curious coincidence, by a curious combination of circumstances, the men and women who worked for the opening of these educational opportunities for women in these two old, conservative universities have been antisuffragists, not a suffragist in the lot. [Applause.] The same is true in England. Mrs. Snowden told us here in her wonderfully brilliant addresses on woman suffrage, that the time had come in England where if a man said he was opposed to woman suffrage he argues "either that he was not very intelligent or not very good." But Mrs. Snowden knew at that time that the president was Earl Curzon, of Kedleston, former victory of India, now the president of the league in England; Lord Curzon as regent of the great University of Oxford, has been foremost in urging that old conservative university to grant its degrees to women. The connection between the agitation for woman suffrage and the higher education of woman is not apparent to those who read the history of the movement. They said back there in 1848 that man had "monopolized nearly all the profitable employments." By the census returns of 1900 we are told that women are actually engaged in 295 out of the 303 occupations in which men are engaged. Women, it is true, are not soldiers, sailors, or marines; neither are they street-car drivers; neither are they foremen in fire departments, nor are they apprentices to roofers and slaters, nor are they helpers to steam boiler makers or brass workers; but they are actually engaged in every 8 other of the 303 occupations in which men are engaged, and still they do not have a vote in the great majority of the States of the Union. This is a great change from the days when women were engaged only in such occupations as household service, spinning and weaving, teaching dame schools, setting type, and keeping taverns. Everyone welcomes the opportunity of woman to earn her livelihood, but we are just beginning to realize that the State can not afford to drive its women into industry if thereby the State must lose woman's distinctive contribution as a citizen. After two generations of more or less thoughtless exploitation of women as wage earners, we are beginning to see that the woman goes into industry to meet all the hardships, all the problems of the workingman, plus the handicap of her sex, of her lower physical and nervous vitality. And therefore, if woman is to be in industry, we must protect her especially, because we must protect the potential motherhood of the race. [Applause.] We are only beginning to find the truth of this, and we are beginning to see by our reports on the conditions of such a city at Fall River, in my State, the report of the vice committee in Chicago, by the reports of the minimum wage commission in Massachusetts, that the girl and woman in industry can not go in as an equal with man in industry, but that she must be there with special safeguards, because she is the mother of the future citizen. I know it is a favorite argument of the suffragist to say that because of this fact, because of the entrance of woman intro industry, we must give the industrial woman the ballot in order to protect herself. Protect herself against whom? we may ask. It is an extraordinary thing that the study of the body of remedial and protective legislation for working women shows that these against whom the working woman must be "protected" - these men - have enacted laws more favorable to women in industry, more carefully safeguarding the child in industry in male-suffrage States than have been enacted in States where women vote. [Applause.] This is not a charge against the working woman suffrage, but it is a fair contention that where the industrial conditions have so developed as to show the waste to the State of employing women as men are employed we have the body of legislation best safeguarding the woman and the child. To explain: Women do not vote in Massachusetts; women do not vote in Nebraska; women do not vote in Indiana; and yet in those three male-suffrage States, and only in those three male-suffrage States, have we a prohibition of night work for women in manufacturing and mechanical establishments, and a prohibition of night work for women is considered the foundation principle of the best standard law you can have for women in industry. One day's rest in seven is not provided for in these suffrage States under laws made under an electorate of women. You have a provision for one day's rest in seven in California. The right-hour law was passed there nine months before the women voted, but it is 9 always claimed as a suffrage victory; I do not know just why. But the law there does provide for one day's rest in seven. It does not prohibit night work; neither does it apply to women who are at work in the canneries, and canning is one of the great industries in California. Massachusetts has a 54-hour law for women. It has a minimum wage commission, the first in this country. It has a maternity act, the first in this country, and that maternity act was adopted by New York, a male suffrage State, last year. The minimum wage and the maternity acts were copied, not from woman suffrage States, for women have voted in four States in our Union at periods varying from 20 to 44 years, but those laws were copied from continental Europe, which had found that it was poor economy to recklessly use the womanhood of the State in industrial lines, because of the inevitable results to the race. As to child-labor laws: The national child labor committee has done more to have legislation for the protection of the child in industry spread upon the statute books than all the votes of men and women together, and women and men have worked together in getting before the people in conditions which should arouse public sentiment, so that it should insist upon legislation which shall protect the child. The best child-labor law, in 1912, Dr. McKelway tells us - and I believe he is a suffragist - was in Massachusetts. I hope that some other State will this year outstrip the law of Massachusetts, so we shall again be put on out mettle and recognize the inexcusable waste which comes with the entrance of children into industry. It is particularly to the credit of Massachusetts that she has a good child-labor law, because with her great textile industries she has a temptation to exploit the work of women and children; but on suffrage authority we are told that not in some suffrage State but in a male suffrage State we have the best child-labor law. Again I say that it is not because the woman suffrage has failed to bring this legislation about, but because under male suffrage the law is enacted when public opinion stirs the public conscience. Another thing which they said back there in 1848 was that taxation without representation was tyranny. It is a familiar saying, and we have seen it on banners carried in political parades, and it has been overworked on political platforms. But when James Otis gave utterance to those works in the old statehouse he was speaking about taxation of a colony that had no voice in a government overseas. He was not dreaming of universal manhood suffrage, let alone woman suffrage, and the tying up of the tax and the vote is a return to our old system when we had a property qualification; the vote and the tax have gone further and further apart since colonial days; there is but one State in the Union, the smallest State in the Union, which still has a property qualification required of the voter. The tax is the price which the resident and the non-resident, which 10 the man and the woman, which the alien and the citizen, which the individual and the corporation pay for the maintenance of roads, for the maintenance of schools, for the protection of property, and for those various other enterprises which make life safe and which make the forward march of civilization and a clean life possible in any community. The citizens of the District of Columbia are taxed, but they have no vote. While suffragists demand the ballot to cleanse society of the social evil, vice commissions in several States report the lack of proper home training as a chief cause of the downfall of our girls and our boys. If the ballot in woman's hands is to suppress this ancient evil, why does this dread thing flourish in States where women have voted from 20 to 44 years? Although these States do not possess the densely populated communities which offer the most perplexing problems of the evil, the votes of women have not shown, even in these sparsely populated areas, a way to reinforce the faltering weakness of human nature. These evils must be corrected along educational lines rather than by political propaganda. The Federal law, dealing with the white-slave traffic, known as the Mann law, was placed on the statute books June, 1910. Up to January, 1913, the Government had obtained 337 convictions, while there had been but 35 acquittals. Other laws must and will follow as the knowledge of the extent of the evil awakens the public conscience and the moral sense of the people is aroused. There is a danger that women's political activities may hinder this work of education. This danger is revealed in the testimony of Dr. Helen L. Sumner in her book Equal Suffrage - The Results of an Investigation in Colorado Made for the Collegiate Equal Suffrage League of New York State, on page 84 of which we read: Prostitutes generally vote, and their vote is cast solidly for the party in control of the police force. * * * The vote of these women, to whom police protection is essential, is regarded as one of the perquisites of the party in power. * * * Whenever "repeating" is to be done their aid, naturally, is required. * * * And again, on page 93, this trained investigator reports: * * * The red-light district is freely used by the party in power, and its women are compelled, not merely to vote, but often to repeat. If as a measure of justice, to protect woman - and we might ask again, Protect her against whom? - woman does not need to vote, ought woman to ask to vote in order to promote the general welfare? Now, in spite of the fact that here in Washington you were told the other day that all antisuffragists were hypocritical liars, in spite of the fact that we are quite accustomed to the kind of attack which you men find in politics, plus the venom of a scorned woman, in spite of all these things, suffragists and antisuffragists are about the same. The only difference is that the suffragist says, "It is through the vote you are going to moralize and reform society, and therefore give women the vote"; and the antisuffragist says that the vote is the least part of good government, and that matters of education 11 tion, matters of forming and training a scientific public opinion are in the hands of women to an unusual degree, and that we need not an increased electorate, not a duplication by woman of man's methods, but what we need to-day is to be specialists in our line and not to be afraid of being specialists as women and working along the lines wherein I believe women have been somewhat successful in the last 19 centuries. If men are doing so poorly that women must come in in order to help them out, what shall we say of the women who have trained men? [Applause.] If any mother feels that on election day she is handicapped when her son goes to the polls because she can not direct his vote, it is because she forgot to do what John Boyle O'Reilly used to tell us to do– "Catch him while he is young, because," he said, "you can do what you will with us men if you catch us while we are young." If men are doing poorly– and I do not believe they are doing poorly when we realize the scale of the experiment of manhood suffrage which is being worked out here for the first time in the history of the world– but if men are doing poorly, is it not because the underlying principles of integrity and honor and righteousness have not been sufficiently insisted upon by the motherhood and by the educational force of this country? Eleven-twelfths of the teachers of secondary schools in my State are women. So it is no excuse for a woman to say, "I have not a boy to train." Will the daughters we have trained accomplish by the vote what the sons we have trained fail to accomplish? Fortunately the average woman is worthily employed in very old- fashioned concerns. She has responsibility; she has opportunity, all she can use, and political responsibility and political opportunity offer no solution to her problems. The antisuffragist's objection to voting is not an objection to thinking, but we do believe that we are in a time when the specialized contribution of woman should be distinct and apart from the specialized contribution of man. I have not forgotten, gentlemen, that I am addressing a committee a third of whom come from States where women form a part of the electorate. Even if you could prove that conditions in Utah, Idaho, Colorado and Wyoming, or even in California and Washington, were bettered by the woman's vote, this would form no criterion for the whole of the country. [Applause.] The great test of our democracy, of our form of government, comes in the cities, in the densely populated areas, and it is worth while to consider some of these conditions. The population of Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, Washington and California is, in round numbers, 5,160,000, according to the census of 1910. This is nearly 4,000,000 less than the population of the single State of New York. It is 500,000 less than the population of the State of Illinois, and it is 2,500,000 less than the great industrial and mining State of Pennsylvania. The population of the State of Colorado is equal to the population 12 of the city of Boston plus the population of the city of Fall River, where we have a peculiar situation because of the alien population. The population of the whole State of Wyoming is about equal to that of the city of Worcester, Mass., and it is only twice the population of the city of Manchester, N. H. The population of Utah is not equal to the population of the District of Columbia, and the total population of Utah, Idaho, Wyoming and Colorado is only 9,600 more than that of the Borough of Brooklyn. There are some peculiar problems which the East and the Middle West have to meet with their density of population, with the presence of the alien vote, as there are problems which the South has to meet with its race question. If the experiment of woman suffrage has worked ever so well in Colorado and Utah and Wyoming and Idaho, even in those States where women have voted only one or two years, as in Washington and California, yet we must ask that they try the experiment a little longer before we try it under conditions where a patriotic woman or man must hesitate before bringing in an increased electorate and double the difficulty of getting a question clearly before the voters. [Applause.] A great menace– I might almost be warranted in saying the greatest menace we have to-day– is not the ignorant voter, so called, or the uninformed voter; it is the indifferent voter. If by admitting women to the electorate we are to increase the number of the indifferent voters, surely we must hesitate before we undertake this reform, which Mr. Gladstone called a "revolutionary" one. You will remember that Mr. Gladstone and America's good friend John Bright and Herbert Spencer had all been in favor of woman suffrage, but they reversed their opinion and came out strongly against the parliamentary franchise for women. What do we find in the States of Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Washington and California in the last presidential election? I will not read these figures. I will simply refer to them and ask that they be incorporated in my remarks. THE CHAIRMAN. You may do just as you please about that. MRS. GEORGE. These figures are taken from authoritative sources; where there has been a report available from the secretary of state, that has been used; where census reports have been available, they have been used; and in the other instances the best available authority has been used. Of course these are subject to the limitations of human fallibility. The total vote cast in the six woman suffrage States for the Presidency– that is, where you have an electorate of men and women– in 1912 that was 1,521,590. The relation of this vote to the actual number which might have voted, 3,200,152 men and women (exclusive of Japanese and Chinese), was 47.5 percent. Take neighboring or adjacent States, six of them, Kansas, Nebraska, Oregon (a male-suffrage State at that time), Nevada, South Dakota and Missouri, and you find a total vote cast of 1,587,984, 13 out of a total male population, 21 years of age and over, leaving out in these cases Japanese and Chinese, of 2,295,119; which makes a percentage in the male-suffrage States of a possible vote cast of 69 per cent., as against a percentage in the woman's suffrage States of 47 1/2 per cent. If 69 per cent. of the men voted in the woman-suffrage States, as they did in the nonroman-suffrage States (we do not say that they did, probably they did not), but if the same percentage of men voted in the suffrage States as voted in the non suffrage States and analysis of the figures shows that only 17.8 percent. of the women voters in the suffrage States actually voted. Here are the striking facts: In the six woman-suffrage States only 47 1/2 per cent. of the total possible vote was cast. In the six nonsuffrage States near the suffrage States– a fair comparison, I submit–69 per cent. of the total possible vote was cast, showing that woman suffrage, according to these statistics, secured from the secretaries of state of the various States and from the most accurate published figures available, tend to decrease the actual voting strength, rather than to increase healthy interest in politics. Figures showing the surprising weakness of the total vote of both males and females in the six suffrage States in the last presidential election, and the contrasting high percentage of the total vote in six adjoining non-suffrage States. WOMAN-SUFFRAGE STATES. California (population 21 years of age or over, exclusive of Japanese and Chinese): Males . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890,794 Females . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655,450 Total possible vote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,556,244 Actual vote for Presidency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673,527 Colorado: Males . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269,211 Females . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213,340 Total possible vote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482,551 Actual vote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266,871 Wyoming: Males . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,519 Females . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,426 Total possible vote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,945 Actual vote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,296 Wshington: Males . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428,825 Females . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276,429 Total possible vote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705,254 Actual vote. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322,799 Idaho: Males . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,847 Females . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,761 Total possible vote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178,608 Actual vote for Presidency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,203 14 Utah: Males . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,902 Females . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,648 Total possible vote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187,550 Actual vote for Presidency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,894 Total population of men and women 21 years or more of age, exclusive of Japanese and Chinese, in six suffrage States, and therefore the approximate total possible vote in those six States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,200,152 Total vote actually cast in those six States for the Presidency in 1912. 1,521,590 The pre cent which voted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 1/2 NON-WOMAN-SUFFRAGE STATES. Kansas: Males 21 years of age or over, exclusive of Japanese and Chinese. 508,425 Votes cast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365,442 Nebraska: Male votes possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352,995 Votes cast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249,871 Oregon: Male votes possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244,719 Votes cast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,040 Nevada: Male votes possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,443 Votes cast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,744 South Dakota: Male votes possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178,054 Votes cast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,325 Missouri: Male votes possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 972,483 Votes cast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698,562 Total men 21 years or over in six non-suffrage States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,295,119 Total vote in the six non-suffrage States for President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,587,984 Percentage of possible vote cast in six non-suffrage States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 If this is so, then the woman's vote will add another problem to the problems which already confront the man who is in politics, to the man who knows that the danger to-day lies in the indifferent and stay-at-home voter, and not so much in that vote which can be brought out, no matter what the weather conditions may be. We have "summer soldiers and sunshine patriots" enough under present conditions. A position of a remonstrant is a very difficult one under any conditions. It is particularly difficult when a woman opposes what other women most sincerely want. It is particularly difficult when one speaks in regard to conditions in States where woman suffrage obtains. But it is fair to ask that those States which to-day have adopted woman suffrage should wait to work out the problem before the other States assume the burden which would come with this change. If you are only to double the outlay in election expenses, if you are only to double the number of voters, if you are only to double the time and money and energy which must go into political organization and into political work, is it not unsound and uneconomic to have two people do what one person can do? Unless your average woman 15 voter is going to be a better voter, a more intelligent voter, a more safe voter, a more trained voter - shall I say a less emotional voter - than the average man, the extension of suffrage to women will not bring about a condition which will warrant the turning off of woman's activities from channels in which women are already worthily employed into political activities. [Applause.] There is reason that we should consider the situation which would arise in a community where those who made the laws had ceased to be those who could enforce the laws. Woman suffrage has never yet been brought to the test of a national crisis, when political feeling is at the greatest tension, yet only under such conditions could its value as a practice of government be fully tested. To-day in California we have a hint a woman's responsibility in a possible international complication when we have a legislature elected by the votes of women and men enacting legislation in regard to the holding of land by aliens, which has grave possibilities for the other States of the Union. Thomas Jefferson said that a democracy ceased to be such when those who made the laws ceased to be those who could enforce the laws. There are three portents of the times which are looming large in this suffrage movement. We have a great many middle-of-the-road suffragists who say, "Oh, let the women vote if they want to"; and those others who say, "I want to vote, and if I want to vote I should be allowed to vote, although I am the only woman in the United States who votes," as Mrs. Catt has said. But there are three portents in relation to woman suffrage, and I am no alarmist if I cite them. One is the very evident alliance with the socialistic propaganda. Those who have the intellectual honesty to follow the suffrage premises to their logical conclusion are more often than not socialists. I do not mean by this the "brotherhood of man," in which we all believe, but I mean that Socialist Party which cast its vote for Eugene V. Debs for President of the United States at the election of November 5, 1912. If you doubt this, if it seems the words of an alarmist, I would call attention to the fact that in the parade which moved down Pennsylvania Avenue on March 3 the socialistic contingent carried this banner, which is shown on this photograph, which I would like to have incorporated in the record. (The photograph referred to shows a portion of the suffrage parade on Pennsylvania Avenue, with the following banner being carried by some of the marchers: "One million Socialists work and vote for woman suffrage.") [Applause.] We evidently have some Socialist sympathizers here, and they have the intellectual honesty to follow their premises to their logical conclusion and to agree with certain officers of the National Suffrage Association that the era of the home as the unit of society has passed and we are coming to a "splendid" era when the individual shall be the unit of society. 16 Mrs. Ida Husted Harper said over her signature: Woman has not attempted one advance step which has not been blocked by these words, "wifehood" and "motherhood." Mrs. Catt, then president of the National Suffrage Association, said in Collier's Weekly in 1901: Women will sink out of existence in the body politic and will rise again as citizens. "If a woman possesses ability, great or small, talent, genius, noble purpose, lofty ideals," Mrs. Catt continues, "shall she contribute these directly to the welfare of the world or through the doubtful channels of influence on husband and children?" If the influence on husband and children is a doubtful one to any woman, the ballot box is not going to give her certainty. [Applause.] A suffrage speaker in Boston recently said: Woman, waiting on her husband and children, forbids the economic independence, which is the basis of sex morality, and so retards her own development. [Applause.] Rev. Dr. Anna Shaw, the president of the National Woman's Suffrage Association, says: I would make motherhood a governmental institution. [Laughter and applause.] She is consistent. I would pension all mothers and have them provided for first to last by the State. I believe that motherhood should be independent of man. [Continued laughter.] I do not find it amusing. There are a few women who may make these extraordinary statements, but the menace lies in the fact that there are thousands of women in this country of ours who follow these leaders and who come here and ask for woman suffrage and then devise these schemes in order to make the woman's vote operative. It is not necessary for some one to stand up and say, "I come from Colorado" or "I come from California, and the home there is not neglected and the babies are not neglected." If a woman's vote is going to be worth anything it is going to fall differently from the vote of the man of the same class, or else it simply doubles the return on election day. Those who look to woman suffrage for the so-called emancipation of the sex are forced to devise these schemes by which the State shall care for the children. But it is a curious thing that at the very moment when experts have found that the child is better off in a poor home than in a good institution these women come along and say: "Let us have these institutions." At the very moment when these advanced suffragists say, "We will take the child from the amateur mother, who is the real mother, and giver her to the expert mother," we are told by the highest authority on infantile diseases that the breast-fed baby has ten times the chance to survive 17 that the bottle-fed baby has. That is not interesting, perhaps; you may say it has nothing to do with the woman-suffrage propaganda. It has, because when the president of the National Woman's Suffrage Association makes utterances such as this shit is devising a scheme by which woman shall be able "to sink," as Mrs. Catt tells us, "sink out of existence in the body politic and rise again as citizens." The secretary of the National Suffrage Association says progressive people are agreed that the wife should be economically independent, and so she devises a five-hour shift by which the mother shall be in the home five hours and shall be gainfully employed five hours, and the father shall go back home into the home for five hours and care for the children, and then he shall be gainfully employed live hours. [Laughter.] Those things are not amusing; they are alarming as a menace that carries out the tenet of socialism, that we are to have a kind of economic independence, which has very well been called by no less authority than Col. Roosevelt "a glorified State free-lunch counter and State foundling asylum." The other menace, the second menace, the second portent, is the menace of feminism bound up with the menace of socialism. We find that the brilliant young woman who led the suffrage parade down Pennsylvania Avenue writes as follows: This pressure toward a constantly growing freedom and power on the part of the sex means that in the long run the institutions most certain to be changed are the institutions in which the sex as a sex is most peculiarly and vitally interested, and these institutions, it is hardly necessary to point out, are the home and marriage itself. A writer who is indorsed by the suffragists and dedicates her book to Mrs. Pankhurst and her daughters, an American woman, says: Two words were burned upon by brain - She had been to a suffrage lecture - laws made by men for women that must be unmade by women for women. She says: We must stop talking and act - fight. She says: Throw stones; do anything; it does not matter what, so long as we get the vote and can legislate in our own protection and the protection of the children. But you may say that is an isolated illustration not fair to use. When the National Suffrage Association cabled, less than two weeks ago, to Mr. Asquith asking him to put an end to the intolerable conditions in England and to introduce a franchise bill into the present Parliament, they practically indorsed Mrs. Pankhurst, as they had given already a vote of sympathy to Mrs. Pankhurst. An officer of a New York suffrage association has written this week in an open letter to the New York Times - and, lest you think I speak in parables, it is Mrs. John Brennan, a daughter of Charles A. Dana: 18 It is quite possible that if the Eastern States continue to deny enfranchisement to the women while the Western Stattes continue to grant it the women thus discriminated against would fine the political anomaly of their position so impossible to bear that even militancy would seem to them justifiable. Miss Millholland, in speaking with me at Philadelphia, said: Acid throwing and bomb throwing have their places under certain conditions. We who oppose the extension of suffrage to women ask that not too great weight be attached to the argument of rights which suffragists put forward, who at the same time do not observe the rights of property belonging to noncombatants, who indorse the lawlessness of women over-seas, who by their lawlessness seek to show a more excellent way in government. The third menace, then, is militancy. The indorsement of militancy by leading suffragists, the indorsement of militancy by the National Suffrage Association - that is, militancy on the part of the English women - is significant of the temper of those women who say the end justifies the means. The only flag displayed over the entrance to the congressional headquarters of the National American Woman's Suffrage Association here on F Street is the purple, green and white emblem of the Women's Social and Political Union of England, of which Mrs. Emmeline Pankhurst is president. There was a great woman in England who did work second to none in the housing of the poor and the care of the children, the establishment of playgrounds, and so on. Her name was Octavia Hill. At the end of a long life she said: I had hoped to be kept out of this suffrage contention, but I feel that after all these years I must say that it is important that one-half of the workers should be outside of party politics. This service is far more valuable than any voting power could possibly be. That is where we antisuffragists contend that women can do their work best. The average woman is worthily employed already. To giver her political responsibilities will not help out the situation unless she does something far more important than merely casting a ballot on election day. She has got to be a more informed voter than the average man of to-day if her vote is to be effective. In passing, let me ask our suffrage friends to compare like with like. A favorite cartoon of the suffragists depicts a woman scrubbing, and a drunken man sitting at the table with his head bowed over, and the legend beneath the picture reads: "He can vote, she can not." Society is not made up of scrubbing wives and drunken husbands. Unfortunately both types exist, but, in all fairness, let us compare like with like, and until we are sure we are going to get a better state with the woman's vote than without it, we should hesitate before we hinder the best service women can do by putting them into political activities. The ballot is the least part of good government, and those who advocate this instant doubling of the present electorate are behind 19 the times. They emphasize the ballot as "the greater of all modern reforms," and even urge that those who are to-day contributing to other reforms should withdraw or curtail their contributions to other causes until the ballot for woman is secured. (See appeal of M. Carey Thomas, February, 1913, for funds for National American Woman's Suffrage Association.) If I may be permitted to say it here, the lady from Massachusetts, Mrs. William Lowell Putnam, exemplified in an extraordinary way what women can do without the ballot. She is chairman of the department of public health of the Women's Municipal League and she is also chairman of the executive committee of the Massachusetts Milk Consumers' Association, an association which has done more for the cause of a pure milk supply in the State of Massachusetts than the votes of men or of men and women could possibly bring about. These women in this country of ours are doing an increasing amount of public work, but it is no sophistry to ask you to distinguish between a few women in public work, well equipped, full of knowledge to match their zeal, and all women in political life. Where you find a woman doing a distinctive work, where you find that it is constructive, you will find that it gains its quality and it gains its distinction because the woman is working not as a Republican or a Democrat or a Socialist or a Progressive, but she is working as a woman who is informed, who is ready to direct public opinion, and who has no personal political motive to serve. [Applause.] She works as a disinterested, nonpartisan factor for the public good, and there is no reason that she should take the retrogressive step which should make her work identical with man's. It is not a question of right, it is not a question of woman's inferiority or her superiority; it is a question of what is expedient for the State and the antisuffragists believe that it is expedient for the State that the motherhood of the State should not be drafted off into political channels. I thank you. [Applause.] MRS. DODGE. Mr. Chairman, have you any questions to ask? THE CHAIRMAN. I have none. MRS. DODGE. If there are no questions to be asked, I would like you to hear from Mrs. Frances M. Scott, who is our first vice president. THE CHAIRMAN. We will be glad to hear from her. 20 WOMAN'S RIGHTS VS WOMAN SUFFRAGE BY MRS. A. J. GEORGE ISSUED BY The National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage 35 WEST 39TH STREET NEW YORK CITY. WOMAN'S RIGHTS VS WOMAN SUFFRAGE. -------- VOTES are far from being the whole story in this dispute. The imposition of political duties upon women is not, as suffragists claim, the logical result of the several steps by which the civil and legal rights of women have been recognized. It is a fundamental departure from the ideals of life and of the distribution of its duties on which the fabric of our society rests to-day. As the civic and legal rights of women have increased, public thought has become blurred and confused as to woman's duties. The suffrage is a responsibility and a duty. Upon one thing we are all agreed-the right of woman to that individual development which shall make possible her fullest contribution to the social order. There is honest difference of opinion as to how this contribution shall be made. There is no monopoly on either side of spiritual vision or of devoted service. There are those who believe that only through the vote can the State be moralized and reformed--and there are others who believe that woman's vote would be a waste of power because a duplication of effort, and that there would be no compensating gain to woman or the state for this economic loss. These hold the conviction that true progress can lie only in guiding nature in the direction in which she is moving, and not in trying to head her off, who believe that the so-called "reform" is really a retrogressive movement. The chief opponents of woman suffrage are not the special interests nor those men who take a narrow and prejudiced view of woman's relation to the state, but those woman who have grave doubts whether their duty lies in service to the state by the ballot, or by a fulfilment of present responsibilities which bear no relation to the ballot. Society 3 developing normally tends to differentiate and separate the duties which men and women have, for "civilization deepens the dye of sex." If there is one thing which alarms the advocates of woman suffrage, it is the suggestion that an opportunity shall be given to the women to register an option on this "revolutionary measure," as Mr. Gladstone termed woman suffrage. They hate the thought of it. The reason is quite clear: they know quite well that the great majority of women are not with them and they do not want the voters to find it out. The most ardent suffragists are agreed that the enfranchisement of woman is the one subject on which men alone are competent to decide. It is no part of their plan to give women a chance to express their will on this question. They forget that the foundation of a democracy lies in mutual agreement and majority rule. From the days of the Mayflower Compact to the adoption of the Arizona constitution, the people are "bound to obedience under what is undoubtedly the will of the majority." So convinced are these impassioned advocates of votes for women that theirs is the one method by which woman should contribute her services to the state that they are determined to force legislation which is in strong opposition to the wishes of the great majority of those most concerned. Because it is peculiarly true of the American man that he shuns contention and argument with women, there is danger that the will of a minority, insistent and clamorous, shall be interpreted as the expressed desire of the majority, unless this great army of hitherto silent women takes the anomalous position of publicly protesting against the imposition of political duties. Wherever women have been given an opportunity to express their will in regard to the suffrage, a very small proportion have gone on record in favor of it. The suffragists report that only 8 per cent. of the 24,000,000 women of voting age in the United States are enrolled as active suffragists. In the state of Connecticut, which the suffragists claim as the best organized of any of the eastern states, only 4 per cent. of the women of voting age are acknowledged suffragists. In Massachusetts in 1895 a Referendum was held in which both men and women were allowed to vote on the question "Is it expedient that Municipal Suffrage should be granted to Women." The suffragists made every possible effort to bring out the vote of the women while 4 the anti-suffragists were encouraged not to vote. Only 4 per cent. of the women of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts went on record in favor of municipal suffrage for women. You may say that this was 18 years ago and public sentiment has changed, yet we find the suffragists to-day in the state of Massachusetts protesting against another referendum, because as they now admit "the referendum of 1895 set back their cause many years" as well it might. In that state where all women of 21 years can vote for members of the school board without paying a poll tax and by meeting a slight educational qualification, only 2 1/2 per cent. of the women entitled to register and vote for school committee do so. The last election in Boston for school committee brought out the lowest percentage of registered women voters on election day that has been recorded since 1879 - with two exceptions - although since 1879 the city has greatly increased in population. In the state of New Hampshire during May 1912 over 3,000 women of voting age were enrolled opposed to woman suffrage, although in 40 years' agitation the suffragists reported as their net membership some 7,000 members, men and women. In San Francisco at the election of November 1912, according to the report of the Commissioner of Elections, 26 per cent. of the women of that city entitled to register and vote did so, although that day offered the first opportunity for San Francisco women to cast their vote for presidential electors. In England when it was suggested in South Wiltshire to hold a referendum which the local anti-suffragists welcomed, the suffragists spurned the suggestion because "the referendum gives an equal value to the opinion of those who have carefully studied the subject and probably that larger number who have given it no serious consideration." In passing, it is interesting to ask if this objection which in the minds of the suffragists invalidated the referendum in South Wiltshire does not sum up one of the chief arguments of the opponents to woman suffrage, who see in woman suffrage a destruction of the power of the informed woman to-day, since the vote would give to the uninformed woman equal power with the informed. Suffragists promised us in 1910 a petition to Congress bearing 1,000,000 signatures. They managed to secure the signatures of 5 of God is advanced, and to-day we have lost our clearer vision of this truth and, forgetting the power of character, invoke the power of the law. Man's work is concerned with affairs which are akin to government, with commerce, with finance, with defence - a realm which lies outside the experience of most women. Woman is vitally concerned with matters in the home or akin to the home. To imply that we need her vote in order to help our larger housekeeping. bespeaks a misapprehension of what constitutes municipal housekeeping. As in the home the mother stands for ideals, so in the State woman stands for the creation of a public opinion which the voter embodies in law. It is no answer to say that the men have failed. If they are doing so poorly, what shall we say of the women who have trained them? We have made the men what they are. Our need to-day is not more voters but better voters, and if the men have failed - and they have not failed, if we consider the slow process of the race in attaining its ideals - but if they have failed, it is because woman has neglected her part in training them to ideals of righteousness which shall be translated at the polls into votes for candidates who stand for that which is true and clean in public life. A clever woman said in New York the other day--"we want more of the home-made child and less of the street-made;" if the women think they must go into politics in order to make the street a safer place for their children, we must ask in all honesty who made the street child? As reasonable women we need not deal with the absurd contentions that the anti-suffragists class themselves with criminals, and idiots, and insane. Nor we consider the old argument which stood for "woman's rights," so called, on the assumption that the suffrage was a natural right; leading suffragists long ago abandoned that claim, and have taken up new and alluring arguments which seem to them an expression of the spirit of the times. Anti-suffragists are the first to affirm that woman's citizenship is as real as man's; that her contribution to the State is as worthy as man's. The logic of theory is on the side of those who ask for this change; the logic of fact is with those who protest against it. A New York newspaper of February 14 contained on a single 8 page an illustration of this logic of theory measured up to the logic of fact. One press despatch informed a sympathetic public that a young woman would march in a suffrage pageant bound in shackles to represent the state of unenfranchised women. Another press despatch told of the introduction into the New York Assembly of a proposed constitutional amendment which "prohibits the Legislature of that state from enacting laws making any discrimination between the sexes in relation to personal, civil or property rights. The amendment provides that all such laws at the time the amendment takes effect shall be null and void unless vested rights are thereby affected. A number of laws now discriminate in favor of women in regard to such matters as dower rights, alimony and personal property." There are no shackles save of nature's making. Full justice has not been done to woman, neither has full justice been done to man, but the laws of the state of New York stand as a protest against those who talk of "shackles," and they record the legal rights and exemptions for women which have been written on the statute books in recognition of the fact that woman has special service to perform for the state and needs these rights and these exemptions in order that she may do her work with efficiency. Women stand to-day for the duties of a broader moral and social life, apart from the spectacular duty of exercising political power under stress of personal political ambition - an undivided body to create a scientific and trained public opinion. If they are to use men's clumsy methods, they will be a part of the political machine, and they will be divided into Democrats, and Republicans, and Socialists and Prohibitionists, precisely as men are, and as they themselves, are to-day threatened with division by the politics of suffrage. It is the greatest power and the pressing danger of our woman's temperament that we cannot have difference of opinion and treat them impersonally as men do. In too many instances to-day necessary work right at our hand, is hampered and hindered because we are estranged by this talk and noise of the suffrage movement. Do you believe that a pledge which a powerful suffrage organization sought to exact from its members that they would "give neither money nor services to any other cause until the women of New York state have been enfranchised," is a hopeful sign that enfranchised woman will place the public good 9 above party politics? While woman parade and demand votes, what is the work at their hands which no vote can solve? Some of us, gravely doubtful as to the results of suffrage, are anxiously asking ourselves whether we are standing in the way of our toiling sisters. There are 7,000,000 of "females gainfully employed," according to the census of 1910. Are the troubles of these women to be solved by more politics or are they social and economic? Of these 7,000,000 of women, 40 per cent. are domestic servants in our homes. If we women who have so signally failed to solve the problems of two-fifths of all the wage earning women in our country, with whom we come in daily and hourly contact, who made or mar our domestic order, can we hope that by the votes of women better conditions will be obtained either for or by the women who toil in out homes and the women who toil in our factories? The terrible thing about the wage earning woman is that she is so young, that she is so overworked and that she is so underpaid. Probably, the percentages of the census of 1900 will hold good with the larger figures of the census of 1910, when one-third of the wage earning women were under voting age and one-half were under twenty-five years; the average duration of the working woman was from the age of 18 to 22 years, when she left industry to go into "the business of being a woman," as Ida Tarbell has aptly termed it. Three factors determine wages; the market supply and demand, the degree of skill which is offered, and the organization of the workers into bodies where they can make collective bargaining. Under the census of 1900, only one woman in six of voting age was gainfully employed. If the five who are not wage-earners are so careless and indifferent of the lot of the woman who toils, can we hope that votes are going to help out these problems of the woman in industry? a problem beside which questions of tariff and finance sink into insignificance and to which every right-minded woman must bring the best her heart and mind can offer. When you attend a conference on Juvenile Crime, or Infant Mortality, or Divorce, what is the keynote sounded every time? Not "Votes for Women," but the need of the preservation of the home. While suffragists are talking about the passing of the home and the dawn of an era when baby gardens shall precede kindergartens, and the state shall take care of the child, experts affirm that what the child 10 needs even more than sanitary conditions is mothering, and that the morals and the health of the child are safer in a poor home than in a good institution. In recognition of this fact we have the movement for the Widow's Pension bills in various states. That great Chinese woman, Dr. Yamei Kin recently said, "I think there will be a great reaction toward home and family life instead of the present agitation against the sacrifice and so-called narrowness of woman's sphere." In all the States there are now Child Labor Committees. Those committees have done more to better the conditions of child labor than all other influences combined, and the woman members have influenced legislation as much as the men, and the fact that the latter had a vote has not increased their effectiveness. The Child labor laws of states in the union where women do not vote are in advance of those where women do vote, and there is abundant proof from suffrage authority to uphold this statement. Dr. McKelway is authority for stating in the fall of 1912 that the Child Labor Law of Massachusetts was the best in the country considering the compulsory education law, the age certificate system, the factory inspection laws and the many other factors which go into the building of conditions which shall safeguard the children. It is also true of the body of remedial and protective legislation for the working women, that the best safeguards for the woman who toils are found in those states where the laws have been made under an electorate of men. This is not because, as some suffragists urge, there is no need of the legislation in the woman suffrage states. There is need of it, even though the workers be few, and the comparison of laws in Colorado, Utah, Idaho and Wyoming, where women have had the vote, with those of the adjoining states of Nebraska, Oregon, Oklahoma and the Dakotas, shows an advantage on the side of the latter group of States where male suffrage has prevailed. The high water mark of legislation for the working woman was reached in Massachusetts, with her Maternity law, which forbids the employment of women for a certain period before and after child birth (New York in 1912 passed a similar law) and with her Minimum Wage Commission, which is concerned with the living wage of women, and her absolute prohibition of woman's work after 10 P. M. in manufacturing 11 and mercantile establishments. New York in 1912 enacted a 54-hour law for women which has just passed the test of the Supreme Court. As far back as 1877 women were elected by popular vote in the State of Massachusetts as Overseers of the Poor. The value of the work of women on appointed commissions dealing with the dependent and defective has increasing recognition in many states. To these positions women bring service untainted by political ambitions. Suffragists claim that suffrage is necessary to abolish the hideous white slave traffic. The Federal Slave Act has been on the statute books since June, 1910. Since this Act was passed, the government has obtained 337 convictions, only thirty-five of which have been acquitted, and in the present session of Congress an effort will be made to have certain amendments adopted to make a wider application of the law. These matters are being corrected along educational lines, rather than by political propaganda. Other laws must and will follow as the knowledge of the extent of the evil awakens the public conscience and the moral sense of the people is aroused. A woman before the Massachusetts Legislature pleaded for the ballot in order that the theatrical billboard displays might not offend the eyes of youth. She lacked nothing in zeal, but her knowledge of fact was lacking, as it is a fact that eighty-five per cent. of the patrons of the theatre are women. Obviously, the most direct and simple way to raise the standard of the stage is to make the box office receipts voice our protest against the violation of decency, of modesty and the corruption of youth. We have laws enough to sink the Ship of State. What we need is an enforcement of existing laws, and such new ones as shall express a public opinion which stands ready to make those laws operative. Why are we known as the most lawless people on the face of the earth? Because when a law is passed, we feel the fight is won, when in reality the campaign is just begun. The only consistent suffragist to-day is the woman who has the courage to follow her theories to their ultimate conclusion; who stands for the so-called economic independence of woman, even to the co-responsibility of the wife for the maintence of her children, if she has any. This is the socialistic view. It must be the view of every suffragist who has the intellectual honesty and perception of the feminist. Although an officer of the National Suffrage Association has recently 12 pronounced that "Most informed and progressive people are agreed that the married woman should be economically independent," and assuming this, has urged that the father and mother should have five-hour shifts at work and in the care of the children in the home, public opinion has not kept pace with this interesting device to put marriage on a business basis. If you honestly believe in doubling the present electorate, by adding to the problem of our democracy an untried electorate, the majority of which is acknowledged to be indifferent or opposed to the exercise of the franchise, if you believe that the ballot is woman's best means of social efficiency, then you are a suffragist. Manhood suffrage is on trial and those of us who are optimistic believe it must succeed, but we know what our machinery of government is under the greatest strain in congested areas of population which present the greatest obstacles to getting measures clear before the voters. In the towns and in these same congested areas women are doing a noble work through their individual efforts and in their municipal leagues and kindred organizations. They gain respectful hearings because they are distinctly apart from party strife and they do not divert the efforts for the solution of social problems to the machinery of political organization. If you recognize that nowhere on the face of the earth has woman suffrage been tried under conditions which would obtain here in this state, you will hesitate before you support the suffrage claim and you will question whether woman's service to the state should be identical with man's. What the method of that service may be I have tried to indicate. It has not the glamor of a new program; it has not even a war cry, which Voltaire said people dearly loved; but it involves a careful consideration of present duties and old obligations, to which the ballot, the political activities, the share in the administration of government, the scramble for office, offer no solution. That great English woman who made the largest contribution of the 19th century toward solving the problem of the housing of the poor, Octavia Hill, has said "Political power would militate against usefulness in the large field of public work in which so many are now doing noble and helpful service. This service is far more valuable than any voting power could possibly be. . . . . .Let the woman be set 13 on finding her duties, not on her rights - there is enough of struggle for place and power, enough of watching what is popular and will win votes, enough of effort to secure majorities; if woman would temper this wild struggle, let her seek to do her own work steadily and earnestly." The anti-suffragists recognizes woman's distinctive value to the State, and believes that it is by an intensifying of her old methods of work and of her present obligations and duties, that she is to make her best contribution to the body politic, not by an extension of her energy, already overtaxed, into fields of politics and government, for which she is unfitted. There is no limitation to woman's opportunity to-day, save the limitations imposed by her physical and nervous constitution, and there we have a stone wall - not of prejudice, as some would make us think, but of Nature's own building. Suffrage is a backward step toward conditions where the work of man and woman were the same, because neither sex had evolved enough to see the wisdom of being specialists in their own line. The question is one of the improvement of society versus the multiplication of votes. To-day we have the vote of the informed man reinforced by the influence of the un-informed woman to set over against the vote of the informed man - two against one. Universal woman suffrage would destroy this situation, it would distribute the power among women qualified for holding it and those not qualified for holding it. We would have the votes of the informed man and the informed woman against the votes of the uninformed man and the uninformed woman - two against two. The average woman is worthily employed outside of political lines. The exceptional woman to-day has every opportunity of rendering her distinctive service to the state by giving public service uncolored by political motives. To-day women have no office to seek, no political emotion to gratify, no desire but to serve. Shall the ballot be adopted as a means for that service? If woman is to exercise political functions, every act of every woman in public life will be taken with an eye to her personal and political future and not solely, as now, with reference to the good of the state. The voters register the general will - the general will is created by each human being discharging first of all the duty to which he is called by the state. There are those, and they are a majority of our 14 women, who believe that woman's duties to the state are not along political lines. These recall Maeterlinck's fable of the lighthouse keeper, who gave oil, which should have filled his lamps, to feed the poor, and when the storm came he saw great ships to go to pieces on the rocks, because he had failed in the duty which was his portion. ALICE N. GEORGE. 15 Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.