NAWSA                                  SUBJECT FILE                                Boyer, Ida Porter

BOSTON TRAVELER, FRIDAY, MARCH 14, 1952
Memorial Services for Mrs. Ida Boyer
   Memorial services for Mrs. Ida
Porter Boyer, 92, pioneer in the
woman suffrage movement, will be
held at the Newton cemetery
chapel Tuesday at 4 P.M.  Mrs.
Boyer, a native of Middleport,
Pa., died yesterday at the home
of her son, Richard P. Boyer, 100
Madison Avenue, Newtonville.
   Mrs. Boyer, who gave public
lectures on current events until
she was 75, served as campaign
manager in the drive for women's
rights to vote in several states.
The drive succeeded at the time in
Louisiana, Oklahoma, Oregon and
Wyoming.
   She leaves, besides her son,
three sisters, Mrs. John Aston of
West Chester, Pa., Mrs. Gertrude
Kennedy of Sheridan, Wyo.,, and
Mrs. E. R. Wilson of Fairlington,
Va.;   a grandson and three great-
grandchildren.

[*Boston Post Jan 8
1920*]
WOMEN GET 
POINTS ON 
BALLOTING
Voting School Course
Gives Instruction
in Suffrage
   The vote is an expression of conscience.
The choice of a party and
the casting of a vote is a solemn act
at the altar of citizenship."
   This is what Mrs. Ida Porter Boyer
told the women instructors in manual
training at the Sloyd Training
School on Harcourt street, who, as
prospective women voters, are her
pupils in citizenship.  With a huge
political party chart hanging on the
wall behind her and a pointer in her
hand, Mrs. Boyer presided as teacher
of the voting school.
PARTY AFFILIATION
   "The choice of affiliation with either
of the great political parties involves
sentiment and tradition and depends
largely upon temperament and type of
mind," said Mrs. Boyer.  "If temperamentally
you see the people before all
else, you are a democrat.  If the nation
looms largest in your mind you are
a republican.
"Democrat comes from a Greek word
that means 'people.'  The Democrats believe
in the individual rights of people
and the rights of individual states.  The
Republicans would have a strongly centralized
national government.  Since
Washington's time the Democratic
party of today, has stood for low tariff.
The Federalist party of the old days,
which has become the Republican party
of today, stood for a protective tariff."
   Tracing on her chart by a red line the
picture of America's political pathway
from the establishment of the nation
until the present, Mrs. Boyer dwelt
briefly on each President, bringing out
the significant events of their administrations
as they touched upon the popularity 
of political parties.
   "Every good citizen today ought to
know the soul of the Monroe Doctrine,"
she maintained.  "A League of Nations
was formed 'way back in 1815, called
the Holy Alliance, when Europe was as
much in dread of Napoleon as they are
today of Germany.  Briefly, the substance
of the doctrine set down by
President Monroe declared that any attempt
of a foreign power to gain foothold
in the western hemisphere was to
be regarded by the United States as an
unfriendly act.  This meant that the
United States would take up arms
should there be an attempt to invade
Canada, Mexico, Central or South
America."


Brookline Chronicle mar. 27, 1920   

SECOND OF LECTURES FOR WOMEN VOTERS 
------------------------------------------------
Mrs. Porter-Boyer Gives History of Political Parties in Country
----------------------------------------------------------------
  The second in the series of four talks on "Government" arranged by the Brookline Equal Suffrage Association, was given at the Public Library Wednesday afternoon by Mrs. Ida Porter-Boyer, who took for her subject "Political Parties -- Past and Present." The talk proved to be as enjoyable and instructive as the first had been. Listening to every word, her audience showed her appreciating of her careful and very clear exposition of the formation of the political parties of our country.
  The speaker displayed a chart showing the political pathway from 1789 to 1920. In explaining this she said in part:
  "When Washington became president there were few political differences; the Whigs or Radicals and the Tories, as few emissaries of the crown or clerks in official capacity here. There were only 2,000 voters in New England at that time. During Washington's administration differences of opinion began to arise, and these differences were the cause of the formation of new parties. The first, called the Democratic Republican, broke away from the Federalist on the question of tariff and elected Jefferson as its standard bearer. The next important party was the Democratic, which believed in states' rights, which raised the question of slavery in the new states; this question formed a new party called the Whig, which elected Harrison, as against slavery in the new states. 
  "With some swinging of the pendulum from one to the other a strong party grew from the Whigs, called the Republican, which drew over many Democrats on the policy of absolute abolition of slavery. This party elected President Lincoln. This question being finally settled in 1864 through the Civil War, the two great parties, Republican and Democratic, remained in existence. The differences between them were more or less temperamental or candid by environment or in the states by a matter of self-interest in regard to industries."  
  The subject of the third talk to be given at the Library next Wednesday afternoon at three o'clock will be "Citizenship -- Who are and Who May be Citizens -- Naturalization, Registration, and Voting -- Convention and Primary Systems." 

April 3, 1920
THIRD OF LECTURES FOR WOMEN VOTERS 
-----------------------------------------------------
Mrs. Porter-Boyer Tells of Citizenship, Naturalization, and Voting
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Another attentive audience gathered in the Lecture Hall of the Brookline Public Library Wednesday afternoon for the third of the series of "Talks on Government" by Mrs. Ida Porter-Boyer, arranged by the Brookline Equal Suffrage Association. Mrs. Robert H. Schacht presided and remarked that, while the third lecture would undoubtedly be of profound interest to the women who so soon expect to exercise the privilege of citizenship, yet the fourth and last talk next Wednesday, Mrs. Boyer thinks, will be the most interesting of all. Mrs. Boyer must be heard in order to appreciate the vivacity, the clearness, the masterly style with which she discourses upon her theme, enlivening it here and there with touches of wit and humor.  Where a less gifted speaker would make it a dry subject indeed, she succeeds in holding the absorbed attention of her hearers from the first to the last word. 
  Before beginning her lecture Mrs. Boyer held up a volume of the Manual of the General Court and suggested to her audience that the procure the book from the clerk of the Document Room at the State House, "as it contains a great deal of valuable information about the State, Government, Congressional and Representative Districts, etc." She took for her subject, "Citizenship, Who Are and Who May be Citizens. -- Naturalization, Registration, and Voting -- Convention and Primary Systems," and spoke in part as follows: "In regard to voting there are certain qualifications reserved by each state in its constitution. Massachusetts has the educational qualification. The qualifications are different in each state. Here I must digress a little to tell you an interesting bit of state history. Massachusetts was formed by two Colonies -- the Plymouth and the Massachusetts Bay, which combined in 1691. Governor Winthrop of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and Governor Bradford of the Plymouth Colony each kept a diary or 'Journal of Proceedings' which tell of the early days of the colonies. Governor Winthrop's diary comprised three volumes, that of Governor Bradford had two. In these diaries we find the beginnings of our citizenship. A strange incident was the disappearance for over one hundred years of the third volume of Governor Winthrop's diary, while the second volume of Governor Bradford's was lost for almost as long. In 1850 a man who was reading a certain book, noticed that it contained a statement which convinced him that the author must have had access to Governor Bradford's lost manuscript. Communication was established with the author and the valuable document was located in the library of the Bishop of London. The Bishop would not allow the diary to be taken away, saying that it belonged to the Bishopric, but he did permit a minute copy to be made. The third volume of Governor Winthrop's Journal was discovered in the tower of the Old South Church, where, during the Revolution, the pastor, the Rev. Thomas Prince, had his study, to which spot he had moved it when the British soldiers turned the church into a riding school. The Massachusetts Historical Society has copies of these valuable old documents.
  "The essentials of registration are that the voter must have lived in Massachusetts one year, and in the same place six months. It is of far greater importance that a voter vote at the primaries than at the election, for at the primaries the candidates for the various offices are selected according to the number of votes cast for them. Therefore a voter should not complain about the fitness of any candidate if he himself has failed to do his duty at the primaries. The term 'Independent Voter' is loosely used. There is no uch thing at the primaries. You must specify some party or you will receive no ballot. At the primaries you select the man whom you wish to place on your party ticket. At a Convention the candidates are selected by the delegates to the Convention." 
  At this point Mrs. Boyer displayed sample ballots of the Republican, the Democratic, and Socialist parties for the primaries in 1918 and explained how they should be marked.  
  "At a state election you may vote for a Republican Governor and a Democratic Lieutenant-Governor if you wish to. Pick out what you want when you are alone in the booth, with your conscience and your lead pencil. Then you have performed the highest sacrament of citizenship. One reason why I think that women will become a great leavening power when they enter the electorate is because I believe that they will thoroughly thrash out the pros and cons of the value of various measures, the abilities of candidates , etc., before they vote. The voting age is twenty-one years and upwards.
  "The Amendments to be voted on in this state are printed on the same sheet with the names of the candidates. In some states they are printed on a separate sheet which affords a chance for manipulation. 
  "The Fourteenth Amendment states that all persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens thereof. This does not hold good of women. If a woman marries a foreigner she loses her citizenship. Ancestry does not count. The marriage ceremony compeis the woman to take the citizenship of her husband. She may not be able to speak a word of French, yet she is declared to be a Frenchwoman; it may be impossible for her to read a laundry ticket, yet she is considered Chinese. A striking example of this unjust law is the case of Frances Scoville who lived in Topeka, Kansas. While traveling in France she met and married Mr. Mumm, whose ancestral castle was on the German side of the Rhine. When the Great War broke out, she implored Mr. Mumm to join the Allies, but he replied that he intended to remain in Germany. Frances Scoville Mumm managed to secure a passport and returned alone to the United States, only to find that all her Kansas property had been confiscated because the law made her an alien and she no longer owned a foot of land. A bill has been introduced into Congress that her property be restored to her. She cannot become naturalized because the law requires the

Keene N.H.  Nov 20, 1920
WOMAN AUTHORITY
    EXPLAINS CONDITIONS
------------------------------------
Mrs. Porter Boyer Gives Interesting Address Before Woman's Club
----------------------------------------------------------
  Mere man is not going to stand alone on the pedestal of local politics. Women of the city and particularly members of the Keene Woman's club are going to see to it that they have a say in matters political at every opportunity. This fact may be readily taken for granted after listening to the address of Mrs. Porter Boyer of Boston before the club at Wildey hall yesterday afternoon and noting the interest and enthusiasm displayed by the members in every detail of the speaker's discourse. Mrs. Boyer proved herself a live-wire orator and she had a live-wire audience, a combination which made possible one of the most entertaining meetings of the organization since its inception. The president, Mrs. Robert P. Hayward, presided.
  Mrs. Boyer's talk was given in an engaging conversational tone and was of the type that would have pleased every woman voter in the city, not merely for the entertainment it provided , but also for its educational value to the sex. She gave a complete history of the Republican, Democratic and Non-Partisan parties, without favoring either, advanced her opinion cleverly as to why the G.O.P. landslide nearly obliterated the opposing factions at the recent elections, compared the present era with the after math of Civil war days, and incidentally took a fling at the high cost of living and excessive taxes of the present time. 
  "It's like going to church in a new city or town for women who try to find out which party to join," said Mrs. Boyer, in speaking of the part her sex took in the presidential election. "We are first asked to go to a certain church. If we do attend that church two or three times, it is practically certain we shall always do so. The same applies to politics so far as women are concerned. The first choice will probably always be followed if the party is functioning for the best interests of the country and the people." 
  Mrs. Boyer also intimated that women like to be "invited" to affiliate themselves politically just as much as they do to social functions. As evidence of this she told of work done by Republican workers among the women of Boston, who made a thorough canvass of the woman voters while the Democrats did not. The answer invariably received by the workers when they asked a woman to join, Mrs. Boyer said, was ."Yes, I guess I will vote the Republican ticket. Not representative of any other party has asked me to do so." 
  In discussing the high cost of living it appeared that every member was made to feel that she was being addressed individually when the speaker suddenly remarked: "Remember those stockings we used to buy for 30 cents we now wear and pay a dollar for? The stockings are no better, but the price has advanced and we worry ourselves foolish asking for the reason. Many of us do not know that a large part of the difference is only a tax, which is being paid as our contribution to the war debt." 
   The victory of the Republicans all over the country, Mrs. Boyer stated, was simply a protest , not by Republicans alone but by voters of other parties, against the one in power. She added that the Democrats might have been victorious in the same way had the Republicans exercised complete authority during the war. She also said that the landslide of votes given Republican candidates was greater than the expectations of the most sanguine members of the party. 
  Mrs. Boyer declared that the change in political parties, the high prices existing and the wave of unemployment now starting to sweep the country, is a repetition of the aftermath of events of the Civil war. She expressed the hope though that the country will not have to combat the amount of crime caused by idleness, as in the days of Lincoln. 
  Mrs. Boyer paid high compliment to Will I. Hays, Republican national chairmen, for his ability as an organizer. She also stated that the organization of the entire Republican party for the presidential election was the greatest in the history of any political organization. She said this was due to money which the Republican party had at its command and which was spent in every part of the country. The Democrats, she asserted, were handicapped for money, hence their organizing work fell far short of their plans. In Boston, Mrs. Boyer said, the Republican funds made possible a canvass of the entire city and paid for pamphlets of instruction to the new women voters. She stated that the state chairman of the Democratic committee in Massachusetts, when asked what he was going to do for the women voters, said he would not be able to do anything because of lack of money. 
  Mrs. Boyer argued that women of the country should not place too much credence in the talk of extravagant expenditure of money in political campaigns. She explained that this was absolutely necessary to insure the best of organization, and to prove her contention she told of spending $7,000 for sending out only one letter to each woman in Oklahoma, when she tried to organize that state for woman and child legislation. 
  Mrs. Boyer's lineup of the political parties in the elections just past were the Republican party, Anti-Saloon league and Non-Partisan league against the Democratic party and the American Federation of Labor. The speaker said the only scare thrown into the Republican camp during the campaign was caused when Samuel Gompers, president of the A. F. of L., promised to support the Democrats. 
  After stating that the Anti-Saloon league is one of the most wholehearted organizations for good in the country, Mrs. Boyer explained the inception of the Non-Partisan league. This party, she said, is strong in only a few Western states and is composed mostly of farmers. The latter, she said, angered by getting only $2.59 a bushel for wheat for which they were promised $3 during war time, and selling wool and hides at a loss, blamed the administration at Washington. They couldn't see, Mrs. Boyer said, that a remedy for their losses could be brought about by cooperative marketing and a study of economic conditions, but decided that the Democrats were the cause of their misfortune. Hence, she stated, the league turned against this party and supported the Republican party.
  Mrs. Boyer expressed the opinion that no political party will ever have the huge problems to face such as face the Republicans during the next four years. Continuing along this topic she said: "If the party does well and succeeds in bringing about normal conditions again, I look for the Republicans to be one big power for many years to come. But if they fail, they will probably suffer worse defeat than the Democratic party did in November of this year."
  A league or association of nations is not needed simply to prevent war, according to Mrs. Boyer. She told the club members that it is rather demanded for commercial reasons. She explained that his country cannot hope to prosper by keeping apart from the rest of the world, and that trade with Germany must soon be resumed. England, she said, became wise to this fact some time ago and Germany's war debt is being paid England regularly by shipments of dyestuffs. Mrs. Boyer prophesied that one of President Harding's first acts will be the calling of the senate to discuss renewal of relations with all foreign countries. 
  Relief from taxation and general reorganization of the country's resources will be the big work for the Republican administration to accomplish, Mrs. Boyer said. "There is going to be much unemployment throughout the country shortly," she added in discussing taxation, "and unless something is done to solve the tax problem, it is going to go hard with these people. If the Republicans can bridge over these events, it will not be long before the country is once again on its feet." 
  At the conclusion of the address, tea was served and a social hour enjoyed.

consent of her husband, and this consent
will probably not be forthcoming.  Another
case in point is that of a young woman
from California who married a Frenchman.
In her mother's will she was made
the executor.  On the death of her mother
she put the will on file in California, when
she was informed that aliens are forbidden
to be executors.  This decree threw the
mother's property into the hands of the
lawyers, which was exactly what the
mother had wished to avoid.
   "In Canada the woman retains her
birthright as also in England.  Canada
declares that the children of parents of
different nationalities may choose, when
they come of age, to which country they
prefer to belong.  There is now a bill in
Congress asking that women may choose
their nationality.
   "Regarding the naturalization of foreign
women--if a citizen of the United States
of a foreigner naturalized here should
send for a bride and marries her at
Ellis Island or within the three-mile limit
the woman becomes a citizen of the
United States.  A man must be here five
years before he can take out his last, or
naturalization papers.  His first or 'Declaration
of Intention' papers he may take
out on his arrival in this country.  He
may live here three years before he files
his first papers, but in any case two years
must elapse between the taking out of his
first and last papers.  There are seven
states where 'first paper' men are permitted
to vote.  In many cases these men never
intend to become full-fledged citizens.
   They take the preliminary steps only in
order to avail themselves of the advantage
thus afforded by the protection of the
United States Government.  It is disgraceful
that a man who has never taken
an oath for the United States flag should
be allowed to vote!
   "The naturalization of the father makes
the minor children citizens of the United
States;  those children who are of age at
the time remain foreigners.  The wife,
who may perhaps still be in Italy, or in
France, also becomes through the husband
[?] naturalized an American citizen.  If
a man dies after taking out his first papers,
the wife can step in and finish the process
at the end of five years and the minor
children then become United States
citizens.  Suppose an Italian becomes
naturalized, and then marries a women
who has three children.  The step-father's
naturalization papers naturalize the step-
children.
   "This is a big subject.  When we
consider that fact that we have living
with us in Massachusetts a population
of which one-third is foreign adults,
another third their foreign-born children,
it certainly seems to be our duty to see
that the strangers within our gates become
good citizens."
   Mrs. Boyer will give the last lecture of
this series on "Government" in the
library next Wednesday at three o'clock,
when she will speak on "Political Vocabulary--
The Meaning of Peculiar Terms
[?]  National and State Legislation."
   Every one is heartily welcome.  The last
lecture will undoubtedly be fully as
instructive and entertaining as the first
three.


[*CS Monitor Mar. 30, 1922*]
SUFFRAGE RIGHTS ARE URGED
FOR WOMEN OF PHILIPPINES
"They Are More Progressive Than Men," Mrs. Porter-Boyer 
Asserts, on Return From Orient

    Suffrage rights for the women of the
Philippines are being urged by Mrs. 
Ida Porter-Boyer, who has just returned 
from an extensive tour of the
Orient where she has been studying
the conditions of women. Mrs. Porter-
Boyer has a nation-wide reputation for
her suffrage work, having formerly 
been the editor of the "New Southern
Citizen," the official organ of the 
Southern Suffrage Association. She is
at present one of the directors of the 
Boston League of Women Voters.
    "Women of the Philippines are more
progressive than the men, yet they are 
denied the vote. It is high time that 
the women who are the real economic 
powers in their islands be given a 
share in the Government," declared 
Mrs. Porter-Boyer, to a representative
of the Christian Science Monitor.
    "Before the United States took over
the Philippines, the women were acknowledged 
to be superior to the men
as far as industry and ambition were
concerned. They excelled in all the 
cottage industries, in agriculture, and
in business, and were more receptive 
to education than the men of the
islands.
    WOMAN'S HIGH POSITION
    "As in most tribal communities, the
line of descent was through the mother
and the property rights belonged to
the woman. She owned the little
nipa-cottages where the family lived,
and she was the custodian of any
money that came into the family coffers. 
When men were suddenly given
the franchise which was denied her,
she could not understand why. She
has never been able to comprehend 
the logic of the distinction. And we 
who are acquainted with her and the
men of her country are even less able
to comprehend it.
    "The Philippines are certainly not 
ready for self-government. They have
proved it by their incompetent financial 
management during the last two
years. But there is every reason to
be hopeful about their prospects for
self-government very soon, because
they manifest the most active interest 
in the public affairs of their country.
Of the 1,200,000 qualified voters, 700,000 
voted in the last election for the
Legislature. That is a percentage that
would put most of the cities of the
United States to shame!
    "The people of the Philippines are 
education-hungry. When you consider
that they have had only one generation 
of opportunity, the fact that the
illiteracy rate is only 29 per cent is 
astonishing. That is 2 per cent better
than two of our southern states
Louisiana and New Mexico.
    OLDER THAN HARVARD
    "The chief difficulty in the public
schools is in getting teachers who are
adequately trained. The native teachers 
are handicapped because of their 
exceedingly bad pronunciation of
English. There are only 550 teachers
on the island, one-half of whom are
American. Five thousand more are
needed. But unless the United States
is willing to advance $10,000,000 that
the Philippines need, there is little
likelihood that they will be secured.
    "The University of Manila is older
than Harvard and is a coeducational
institution of the highest standard.
The new Normal School at Manila is
finer than any we have in the United
States. The Filipinos read a great
deal and are keenly interested in all
sorts of knowledge. They are like
children who have discovered a wonderful 
fund of pleasure.
    "In the families of the peasants the 
women are usually the wage-earners.
The men care for the children as naturally 
as women do in this country.
You will find women engaged in business 
in the great markets while their
husbands remain at home, watching
the children and wearing occasionally.
    "Laundering in the Philippines is
very much like dish washing in other
countries. It happens several times
a day, because the peasants have few
clothes--indeed, only enough to wear 
all the time. This is because their
huts, made from the tough nipa
leaves, are too small to permit the
maintenance of an extensive wardrobe. 
But in spite of their lack of 
clothes they are immaculate, taking
great pride in their crisp, rice-starched 
garments.
    AMERICANS RESPECTED
    "The malicious rumors that always
have been spread of the hatred of the 
Philippines for the United States Government 
is false. The very opposite
is true. To be an American citizen is
to have a passport to the best the
islands have to offer. Americans are
treated with the utmost respect, and
the Filipinos feel a keen sense of hospitality 
toward them.
    "Filipino children are eager to learn
English and their parents have the 
greatest trust in American customs 
and ways of doing things. 'We would
like to be free,' they say, 'but we want
the United States always to be our
protector.' There is the most friendly
feeling possible between the Filipino
and American sections of the Government. 
They work together harmoniously 
and mutually realize that they
are gradually working toward the
independence of the Philippines in
the most sane, advantageous manner.
    "Of the 13,000 office holders, only
500 are American, and the number is
steadily decreasing. Under the Osmena 
Act providing a bonus for American 
office holders who will resign of
their own accord, the government is
literally being given into the hands
of the Filipino people.
    "They understand as clearly as do
Americans who have studied the situation
that the time is not yet ripe for
complete freedom, and they are not 
impatient. Agitation seethes, of course,
in certain quarters, as it always does
under any conditions in any country, 
but in the main there is contentment
in the Philippines."

Brookline Chronicle - April 20, 1920
FOURTH OF LECTURES FOR WOMEN VOTERS
Mrs. Ida Porter-Boyer Spoke on
"Political Vocabulary" Wednesday

The last of the four talks on "Government,"
arranged by the Brookline Equal
Suffrage Association, was given in the
Brookline Public Library on Wednesday
afternoon by Mrs. Ida Porter-Boyer,
who took for her subject, "Political
Vocabulary - The Meaning of Peculiar
Terms in National and State Legislation."
"We earnestly hope," said Mrs. Robert
H. Schacht before introducing the speaker,
"that this audience will tell other women
about the lessons learned here and pass
the word along, thus acting as a bit of
leaven in the production of good citizenship.
Tell about registering and voting 
and constructive legislation and, by putting
it on a higher plane, perform the duty of
voting, as Mrs. Boyer suggested in her last
lecture, in the spirit of making a sacrament."
Mrs. Boyer gave, as usual, an interesting 
discourse and spoke in effect as follows:
"When Mrs. Schacht suggests,
that 'we pass the word along,' it reminds
me of a lady who attended a series of
lectures of mine at a club in Reading.
She repeated, in substance, what she had
heard to her husband, who became so
impressed with the idea of women taking 
an interest in and really studying Government
and Legislation that he now wishes
to arrange for a similar course of lectures
to be given for his employees.  It is a
great act of civic patriotism when me
have appreciation of the work we are
doing.  We will now take up the terms
which are more or less peculiar to our 
legislation."  Mrs. Boyer then enumerated
a number of these terms, some of which
she explained.
"The first idea of Direct Legislation is 
that it shall be wholly representative and
this is done when a representative, 
elected by the people, is sent to the legislature.
The law once was what the legislators
should elect. Direct Legislation
means that the people vote for something
without going through the legislators, so
that each voter directly expresses himself 
and may thus initiate or start a movement.
[?????????????????????]

as he pleases.  The term caucus arose in
Massachusetts.  Every time a vessel
docked her seams required caulking.  This
brought to the docks large numbers of
caulkers, whose strength became sufficient
to admit of forming a kind of union which
frequently held secret meetings, when it
was said, 'The caulkers are meeting,' and 
thence was derived the term caucus.
"There are fixed tariff rates. Reciprocity
means the reciprocal action of
two countries or two states, as when
Canada, foreseeing that her wool crop
will be very large, whereas that in Wyoming
and Iowa may be small, says to the 
United States, 'If you will allow my wool
(Continued on Page Fourteen)

FOURTH OF LECTURES 
FOR WOMEN VOTERS
(Continued from Page Eleven)
in on a low or no tariff, I will permit
entrance to one of your goods on the same
basis.'
"The Injunction and Abatement Act
applies wholly to houses of prostitution.
Some states allow licenses, which protect
the owners of the houses.  New Orleans,
Denver, and San Francisco thought a 
'Red Light District' necessary, but after
the youth of one generation had been
debauched all three cities nullified the
prostitution licenses.  This law serves as 
a protection to the neighborhood, so that
if a house of ill fame becomes a nuisance
any one may take out an injunction
against it.  The 'Tin-plate' law serves
somewhat as a deterrent in New York,
where after the 'Red Light District' was
annulled licenses for separate houses
continued to be taken out.  This law
means that if 'Mrs. John Smith' leases a
house to 'Mrs. Thomas Brown' knowing
that it will be used for prostitution purposes,
the former's name is put on that 
door.  When Vincent Astor learned that
his property was used for such purposes
he declared that his name should not be
tacked on houses of prostitution and he 
got rid of his property.  This law is
effectually enforced.
"In 1891 Senator Sherman introduced
the Anti-trust Act which states that any
monopoly in restraint of trade is illegal.
The large combinations of great trust
interests began in the 1880's and small
producers began to find themselves
crowded out and either succumbed or
joined the big interests.  The Standard 
Oil Company agreed to dissolve, but
established minor concerns in different
states under various state laws, thus
virtually maintaining its control
"The Homestead Act came into effect
with the throwing open of parcels of 
Government land and a stay of five years
on the land entitled a claimant to ownership.
The improvement of the property,
as fencing, building, etc., sometimes
amounting to $100 or more, however,
was in many cases prohibitive and resulted
in the return of the land to the 
Government.  Farms in New England and
elsewhere were more easily taken up.
"The Interstate Law means the exchange
of goods between states.  Mississippi has 
loose Child Labor laws, and thus produces
a little faster many of the same 
things made in Louisiana where the 
Child Labor Law is stringent.  The 
Intra-State Law permits Mississippi to sell
these goods within her own state, but the
Inter-State law forbids her to dispose of
them in Louisiana.
"Irrigation and Reclamation have converted
many unproductive portions of
our country.  In the Northwestern section
of the States where some tremendous
convulsion of nature in the past 
deposited a vast amount of lava, irrigation
makes the soil produce and no soil equals
that of lava in fertility.  Oregon, Idaho,
and Washington have utilized water
distribution to such an extent that land
is often not purchasable at $15,000 an
acre.
"Next we have under consideration the
Franking System and Leave to Print.  The
Franking System permits the use of the
mails free, and this privilege is allowed
to only two women:  Mrs. Cleveland, now
Mrs. Preston, and Mrs. Roosevelt.  It is
a custom much abused.  I have seen a
quarter of a million documents franked
into one state, and we pay for all that.
A certain congressman sent a telegram
seven feet long about some wonderful
thing that he had done.  Leave to print
was originally innocent and admirable,
but is now abused by congressmens who
desire to impress their constituents.  John
Doe who cannot make a speech employs
someone to write one for him in, say,
the Mother's Pension bill.  He asks the
Speaker of the House to have his speech
incorporated in the proceedings of the day.
This is called Leave to Print.  Then he
has his speech printed in the Congressional
Record, and not satisfied with this
he has four thousand or so copies sent
to his constituents.  He is thus campaigning
at our expense.  Read 'The 
Searchlight' to find specific instances of
these things.  It is time for us to abrocate
Leave to Print.  The same should be done
with the Franking System.  These things
are so common that we accept them without
thinking.  I have a high opinion of
most of the men in public life.  A man
finds a hopeless condition confronting
him and when he does his best we should
tell him.  Be sure that no man goes to
Congress because of personal ambition
and with no idea of service.
"Nearly every bill passes through by
Log Rolling.  This means that a congressman
may agree to help get votes for 
measure another man may be trying to 
get through, if the second man will promise
to assist him with his own bill.  In some
cases there is nothing wrong in it; in
others this method is used for illegitimate
purposes.
"Ratification of a Constitutional amendment
is attained when three-fourths of the
states ratify.  Thus thirty six "Yes"
make it a part of the Constitution.
"Immediately after the Civil War, the
Southern States revised their Constitution
and employed various devices for
eliminating the black man from the 
electorate.  One of these was the Grandfather
Law which, in Oklahoma and 
Maryland, ruled that: 'If your ancestors
were eligible to vote prior to 1860 you
inherit that right.'  The negroes tested
this law, and it was pronounced invalid in
those states.  Mississippi had this law, but
did not bother much about it.  She emphasized
the educational qualification,
which in operation meant that one
might be illiterate but if, white, managed
to waive the educational qualification;
while one might be college bred but, if
black, was not allowed to vote.  A certain
well-known, finely educated doctor, a
colored man, applied for registration.
The clerk looked through his books and
read aloud: 'Question No. 42.  What
came next?'  The doctor could not
answer.  'White Primaries' was sometimes
placed over the doorway, thus
effectually barring out the negro.  There
were no black primaries.  In Alabama
the Cumulative Poll Tax was used for
eliminating undesired voters.  When you
applied for registration, if you had not
paid the poll taxes for 1917, 1918, and
1919, if they wanted your vote, you would
be told that payment of the tax for 1920
alone would be sufficient; if, however
you were not desired as a voter the poll
taxes of all those years would be demanded
and inability to pay them might throw
you out.  There has been discrimination
all along the line against the black man."
After the lecture many of those present
thanked Mrs. Boyer for her interesting
talks.

THE FOREMOTHERS OF NEW ENGLAND
DRAMATIC PICTURES PORTRAYING
WOMAN'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE HISTORY OF NEW ENGLAND
FORD HALL, ASHBURTON PLACE
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1921, 8 O'CLOCK
TICKETS $1.00, $1.50, $2.00 (ALL SEATS RESERVED)
FOOD SALE
KINGSLEY HALL, FORD BUILDING, 11 A.M. TO 7 P.M.
LUNCHEON 12 TO 2  AFTERNOON TEA 3 TO 5  SUPPER 5 TO 7
BOSTON LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS, 553 LITTLE BUILDING, BOSTON
PATRONESSES
Mrs. John K. Allen
Mrs. Oakes Ames
Mrs. Julius Andrews
Miss Sarah Louise Arnold
Mrs. George Minot Baker
Miss Mable M. Barkley
Mrs. John W. Bartol
Mrs. Charles Sumner Bird
Miss Alice Stone Blackwell
Mrs. Charles H. Bond
Mrs. Richard C. Cabot
Mrs. David Cheever
Mrs. George W. Coleman
Mrs. Channing H. Cox
Miss Mary Caroline Crawford
Mrs. Courtenay Crocker
Mrs. Eugene A. Crockett
Mrs. Francis B. Crowninshield
Mrs. Robert Culbert
Mrs. Charles K. Cummings
Mrs. Edward Cummings
Mrs. Charles G. Cunningham
Miss Hester Cunningham
Miss Francis G. Curtis
Mrs. Thomas P. Curtis
Miss Alice Dabney
Mrs. Tucker Daland
Mrs. Bancroft G. Davis
Mrs. George B. Dewson
Miss Rose L. Dexter
Mrs. David Dunbar
Mrs. H. Boyd Edwards
Mrs. Julius Eiseman
Miss Margaret Elder
Mrs. George R. Fearing, Jr.
The Misses Flint
Mrs. Allan Forbes
Mrs. J. Malcolm Forbes
Miss Eugeaia B. Frothingham
Mrs. Langdon Frothingham
Mrs. Louis A. Frothingham
Mrs. Alvan T. Fuller
Mrs. Francis P. Garland
Mrs. Robert Grant
Mrs. Horace Gray
Mrs. Charles E. Guild, Jr.
Mrs. N. P. Hallowell
Mrs. J. Mott Hallowell
Mrs. Robert H. Hallowell
Mrs. Augustus Hemenway
Mrs. Roland G. Hopkins
Miss Louvan W. Hyde
Mrs. Lewis Jerome Johnson
Mrs. Stanley King
Mrs. F. L. Kershaw
Mrs. Louis Kirstein
Mrs. Felix Kornfeld
Miss Rose Lamb
Mrs. Amory A. Lawrence
Miss Sarah Lawrence
Mrs. John C. Lee
Mrs. Gustaf Lundberg
Mrs. Mary Agnes Mahan
Miss Ellen Mason
Mrs. Samuel W. McCall
Mrs. Lucia Ames Mead
Mrs. Arthur W. Moors
Mrs. John F. Moors
Mrs. Robert Lincoln O'Brien
Miss Fanny C. Osgood
Mrs. Charles Peabody
Mrs. Harold Peabody
Mrs. Andrew J. Peters
Mrs. Louis Rosenthal
Mrs. Benjamin F. Pitman
Miss Katherine McD. Rice
Mrs. E.S. Rousmaniere
Mrs. Henry E. Russell
Mrs. James S. Russell
Mrs. Francis B. Sayre
Miss Annie L. Sears
Miss Mary P. Sears
Mrs. Robert Gould Shaw
Mrs. Fred L. Smith
Mrs. Alexander Steinert
Mrs. George H. Stoddard
Mrs. A.W. Tedeastle
Mrs. Alden Thorndike
Mrs. James R. Torbert
Mrs. George C. Warren
Mrs. Royal Whiton
Mrs. Robert A. Woods

DEDICATORY
Foremother, at thy glowing shrine
Thy daughters strive to give thee meed.
With ardor scan between each line
Of History's page, for word and deed.
You self-less wrought as woman's part
The heroism of the age.
Thy mother-hand and mother -heart
Prompt to accept stern Fortune's guage.
No glittering Fame impelled thy way
Nor chance in Battle's spoil;
Thy hearth-defence thy task each day,
By Faith and Love and Toil.
Like beads upon the string of Time
Thy varied acts unnumbered, grace;
In iridescent softness shine
With gem-like value to the race.
You wove the cloth with fervid will
For Freedom's robe, in darksome hour;
And if perchance some 'broidered skill
Its fold adorned, 'twas beauty's dower.
Dear Mother of the long-sped days
In cape, or ruff, or gay brocade,-
A reverent paean in thy praise
Thy daughters have this tribute made.
IDA PORTER-BOYER.

Brookline Mass
The Chronicle Mar 20, 1920
OPEN LECTURE COURSE FOR WOMEN VOTERS
Mrs. Porter-Boyer Gives Instructive
Talk on "Our "Government"
The first of a series of four talks on
"Government" by Mrs. Ida Porter-
Boyer, arranged by the Brookline Equal
Suffrage Association, was given on Wednesday
afternoon in the lecture hall of
the Brookline Public Library.  The subject
for that afternoon was: "Our Nation
-- Its First Steps."  Mrs. Robert
H. Schacht presided and before introducing
the speaker she explained that since the
work for suffrage is over, the Brookline
Equal Suffrage Association is making the
educational policy its object.  Mrs. Schacht
introduced Mrs. Boyer as an active member
of the State Suffrage Association and
said that she had been assisting in the
Western Campaign for the Federal Amendment.
Mrs. Boyer spoke with much charm
and delightful humor and gave an extremely
interesting and clear exposition
of the beginnings of our government,
prefacing her talk by expressing her wish
that the women might henceforth eliminate
"all suffrage and anti tags," and
work harmoniously together for beneficent
laws and better living conditions.
"In the early days of the Massachusetts
Colony," said Mrs. Boyer, in substance,
"the first action taken toward
establishing male suffrage was in the 
giving of voting privileges to male members
in good standing in the Congregational
Church, which privileges were later
extended to other churches.  Next it
was considered advisable to admit men
holding property, or rich men, which
property limitation was withdrawn in
1824 and those now owning land, etc.,
were allowed to vote.  After the Civil
War the black men were admitted to the 
polls.  The next extension included the
red men, when the territory of Oklahoma,
with which Indian Territory had been
incorporated, applied for statehood in
order that the Indians within her boundaries
might become enfranchised and
thereby enabled to dispose legally to
the white men the rich lands they so much
coveted.
"The first step forward in political
freedom for women was taken in 1838
when Kentucky gave the school vote to
women with children and from that time
to the present the onward march of women
suffrage has been rapid.
"The history of the National Government
began ten years before the Revolution.
A Massachusetts man, Samuel
Adams, was the first one to forsee the
break with the mother country, for
England, with her policy of deriving all
possible revenue from her colonies, imposed
insufferable taxation upon everything.
At this time Samuel Adams was
the moving power in this country.  Although
our ancestors came to the continent
seeking liberty of conscience, they
in their turn followed narrow-minded
policies, as is seen in their persecutions of
the so-called Salem witches, etc.  From
this followed a reaction which resulted in
the establishment of the Unitarian Church
Massachusetts later proved her increasing
liberal views when she became the first
state to send a company of soldiers to
fight in behalf of the negroes.
"Our National Legislature consists of
a Congress formed by two houses and
known as the Bi-Cameral system.  In
this are three departments, the Legislative,
the Executive, and the Judicial.
The thirteen states operated under their
own charters which were guarded with
zealous care, a famous instance of this
being the historic Charter Oak of Connecticut.
When the Nation was formed,
the idea was to have a Central government
to which each of the thirteen states was
to delegate some of its powers, such as
raising an army, the imposing of taxes, etc.
"At the Capitol at Washington the
Legislative body consists of the Senate
and the House of Representatives.  United
States Senators, of whom there are 96,
must be thirty-five years or older before
they can be elected, their term being six
years.  The Senate is a self-continuing
body, as at the end of a session of Congress
only on third of its members find
their term expired.  The members of the 
House of Representatives whom there
are 435, are elected for two years so that
the members change every two years.
A candidate for the House must be Twenty-
five years old before he can be elected to
the house.  Every state has the same
number of senators, that is two, but the
House membership is based on population
one representative being allowed to
211,877 inhabitants.  Massachusetts has
sixteen representatives.
"The President appoints the members
of his Cabinet, which appointments are
confirmed by Congress.  In case of the
death of the President, he is succeeded
by the Vice-President and should both
of these expire through some extraordinary
cause, such as an epidemic, the successor
is chosen from the members of the 
Cabinet in order of their rank.
The Supreme Court consists of nine 
men who are the Supreme Court Justices
of the United States and can be removed
only for malfeasance in office.  This rule
gives them freedom to make decisions
without fear of removal on account of
disatisfaction with their ruling."
The next lecture will be given at the
Brookline Public Library next Wednesday
afternoon at three o'clock, when Mr.
Boyer's subject will be "Political Parties-
Past and Present."  A cordial
invitation to attend this interesting free
course is extended to everyone.


MME. MALMBERG
DIES IN FINLAND
Author, Pacifist and Patriot
Was Exiled by Russians
Before World War.
Times
OFTEN LECTURED IN THE U.S.
2-26-33
Translated Bernard Shaw's Works
Into Finnish - Member of Ford's
Peace Ship Party.
Mme. Aino Malmberg of Finland,
author, pacifist, feminist and patriot,
who before the down fall of
the Czar aided in the struggle for
Finnish freedom and helped Russian
revolutionists, died on Feb. 3
in Helsingfors of heart disease, according
to word received by friends
in this country.  Her age was 67.
Arrested by the Russian police in
1910 and exiled, Mme. Malmberg
for twenty years maintained a
small apartment in London, which
became a centre for the exponents
of the rights of small nations.  She
never was able to learn why she
was arrested and exiled.
Mme. Malmberg knew many of
the terrorists of the Czarist days,
and was bitter against the cruelty
of the imperal spy system.  "The
terrorists," she said in a lecture
here in 1913, "are not necessarily
bloodthirsty revolutionists.  For the
most part they are dreamers, poets,
young men who foolishly believe
that the only salvation is to kill
some one to show that the people
won't submit to wrongs.  These
men are not by nature cruel."
She assailed the massacres of
Jews as the result of incitation by
the secret police, who told lies
about the Jews to inflame the populace.
Mme. Malmberg came to this
country most often in the period
between 1912 and 1918, lecturing
on Finnish literature and pleading
the cause of Finnish freedom.
A pacifist in the World War, she
came to know Miss Jane Addams,
Mme. Rosicka Schwimmer and 
other leading anti-militarists. Henry
Ford Peace Ship expedition in 1916,
and acted as the official Scandinavian
translator for the group and editor
of the daily bulletin in English.
Two of her sons fought against
Russia in the war, and when Finland
became independent after the
war, served as Finnish soldiers.
the eldest, Lauri, a mathematician,
is now a Major General and Commander
of the National Civic
Guard.

The first class of women to enter
the University of Helsingfors when
it opened its doors to women about
1883 included Mme. Malmberg.  She
later became official translator of
Bernard Shaw's works into Finnish.
Although her political activity interrupted
her literary career for years,
she was the author of many articles
in the Finnish, British and 
American press and of two volumes
of sketches of persons she had met.
One, called "People of Power,"
dealt with the great she had known,
and the other, "The Powerless Ones,"
with unknown and simple
heroes.  She also wrote an Australian
travel book which brought
about a migration of Finns to Australia
in 1929-30, when American
immigration laws became more
stringent.
An ardent worker for women's
suffrage, Mme. Malberg said in 1913
that there were no anti-suffragists
in Finland.  She pointed out that
suffrage had been granted alike to
men and women more than 24 years
of age.

N.Y. Times 1/29/33
SELMA LAGERLOF HEARD.
Swedish Novelist, on Radio, Urges
Us to Lead World Efforts.
A plea for American leadership in
the current efforts to deal with
world problems was voiced yesterday
by Selma Lagerlof.  Swedish
novelist and Nobel Prize winner, in
an address delivered at Stockholm
and transmitted to this country by
the National Broadcasting Company.
Dr. Lagerlof recalled the inventions
that have gone to Europe
from the United States, including
the typewriter, mowing machine,
self-binder, electric lights, motor
cars, phonograps and the cinema.
Sweden, in particular, had received
help from two movements prominent
in America, she declared, that
for the emancipation of women and
that for temperance.  She praised
American efforts to combat disease
and also American relief work.


WOMEN HOMESTEADERS
CANADIAN women in considerable
numbers are answering
the call of the land.  A change
in the regulations governing the
acquisition of homesteads has sent
more than 2,000 Alberta women into
the venture in eighteen months.
Formerly, only widows who were
heads of families were eligible
along with men; now any woman
of age and certain residential qualifications
may take up a homestead in Alberta.


CHILEAN WOMEN ASK VOTE.
2-14-33
Fill Galleries of Congress in Suffrage
Demonstration.
Special Cable to THE NEW YORK TIMES.
SANTIAGO, Chile, Feb. 13.- Filling
the Congressional galleries, including
the aisles, thousands of
Chilean women today demanded the
right to vote in municipal elections.
The energetic speeches made by the
leaders of the women reveal the extent
of the movement, which is
looked upon favorably by a majority
of the Deputies.
Gabriel Gonzales, the President of
the Chamber, asserted the women
of Chile should receive suffrage
with the same rights as men.


Women Required
To Cast Ballot
In Roumania
2-11-33
Special to The Christian Science Monitor
BUCHAREST, Roumania--Women
in Roumania are obliged to vote.  It
is compulsory for all those who
qualify - but qualifying is not so
easy.
An appeal has just been sent out
to the women of Roumania by Mme.
Elena C. Meissner, President of the 
"Association for the Emancipation
of Civil and Political Rights of Roumanian
Women." The appeal notifies
women of the risk they run in 
neglecting to register themselves as
voters the moment they qualify and
urges them to lose no time in aligning
themselves with the organization
working for their freedom.
The qualifying conditions for the 
woman voter demand that the voter
must be at least 21 years of age and 
must have finished at least the inferior
secondary school, normal
school or professional school.  She
must be employed by the state or a
commune as a functionary, or have
been decorated for activity during
the war, or have taken part in the 
formation or direction of a society
recognized by the state, for the purpose
of combating social evils, giving
social assistance or making cultural
propaganda, or be a war widow.

WOMEN WELCOME
BRYAN'S STATEMENT
ON THE SUFFRAGE
1914
New Orleans Leaders Say He
Sees the Handwriting
on the Wall
Whether William Jennings Bryan's
declaration in favor of suffrage was due
to a wonderful vision or to political
acumen matters very little to the suffragists,
according to the view expressed 
Friday by some of the leaders of the
woman movement.
Miss Jean Gordon, State president of
the Louisiana State Suffrage Association,
said she was delighted that Mr. Bryan
had come to so positive a conclusion regarding
woman suffrage.  "We wrote him
five or six years ago to express himself
relative to this issue, but Mr. Bryan replied
to us that he had not studied the
subject sufficiently to make a statement.
I think five or six years' reflection should
indicate a mastery of the subject, and
Mr. Bryan's conclusion should be of
great value."  Miss Gordon stated with
evident amusement.  "If Mr. Bryan with
all of is other duties sees the value of
enfranchising the women, I think others
might see something in it, too.  Mr. Roosevelt
of the Progressive party openly declared
in favor of women voting, and
others, too, are beginning to see the value
of this stand, I suppose.  Mr. Bryan's expressions
are very timely, and I am glad
he gave them.  This fall his State (Nebraska)
will vote on the issue, and, doubtless,
his declaration will wield a wide
influence there.  I am very much pleased
that Mr. Bryan is with us."  concluded
Miss Jean Gordon.
WELCOMED REGARDLESS OF MOTIVE
Mrs. Ida Porter Boyer, the executive
secretary of the Southern States Woman's
Suffrage Conference, also said that Mr.
Bryan's acknowledged sympathy with
suffrage was just in time to influence
Nebraska.  "Mr. Wilson has placed himself
on record as opposing suffrage, and,
unless it should be a plank of the Democratic
platform, that he could not support
it as a Democratic President.  Well, two
things are significant, I think.  Champ
Clark, the Speaker of the House, from
yearning desire, might be a candidate for 
the Presidency some day, and who knows
but that Bryan may be a candidate, too,
from force of habit.  Both of these men
have declared for suffrage.  The people
of Missouri also vote on the issue in November.
Whatever might be said, we are
pleased that both Mr. Bryan and Mr.
Clark have declared for suffrage before
the vote is taken in their States, and this
is going to help the cause very much.  We
have ten States, and the chances are
that Missouri and Nebraska will be added
in November.  Then the two Dakotas are
about ready, and Nevada will, doubtless,
be added about the same time.  Now it
seems to me that he who runs may read.
If all of these States, the ten acquired
and the five possible ones, should allow
women to vote, about 6,000,000 women
would be casting the ballot for the man
who most represents their views.  Whatever
the motive, let us accept the fact
that Bryan's declaration is in our favor,
and rejoice accordingly."  Mrs. Boyer said.
Mrs. Edgar Cahn, the president of the
Woman's Suffrage party in Louisiana,
seemed very much pleased over the telegraphic
announcement.  "It is just that
Mr. Bryan has seen the handwriting on
the wall.  that is the only interpretation
that can be placed on his statement.  The
Suffrage party is rejoiced at every partial
victory from any source.  Just as Mr.
Bryan has seen the inevitable and met it
half way, just as surely do we read between
the lines of his 'declaration,' and
we know that he feels that suffrage may
yet be a feather in the cap of William
Jennings Bryan.  We women cannot view
the announcement otherwise, and it
makes me realize that suffrage is coming
on apace, and that it may be here before
we have to do much more agitating.  As
 to the men of our own State," continued
Mrs. Cahn, "they will give the women
the ballot, I feel positive.  Our men are
sympathetic and if appealed to in the 
right way and the issue presented fortunately,
it will not be long before we
will have suffrage, like the ten other
States already victorious.  Bryan's declaration
is a good omen, a weathervane
of hope."
SUFFRAGE COMING FAST.
Miss Florence Loeber declared suffrage
was coming very fast, and that she was 
not surprised to read of Mr. Bryan's announcement.
"Why, men of national
vision like Champ Clark and Bryan know
they cannot afford to take any other
stand, especially when their political
careers are not yet over.  Who knows,
they, like Caeser, may be 'ambitious,' and
this announcement may bring them support
from several million women in their
future political careers.  The news is 
very encouraging and very significant."'

Presidency influence the men of our own
State.  The Era Club, that pioneer in the
suffrage work of this State, has done the 
subsoil plowing for eighteen years, and
the planting of the seed, and it should
be time for the harvest.  The Era Club
is not the only suffrage organization now
in the State, and all of these influences
should help us attain the desired end.  I
am very much gratified that Mr. Bryan
has helped us along, directly or indirectly,
and I hope the women of Louisiana 
will be given the franchise before the end
of two years.  Then I hope to see them
turn the energy they are now expending
in behalf of suffrage to constructive work
with the power of the ballot behind
them."

THE ANDALUSIA STAR
(Semi-Weekly)
CHANCE FOR SUFFRAGETS.
In Andalusia school district
alone there are 163 white children
of school age who can neither
read nor write.  Here's a 
golden opportunity for suffragets
to get busy and do some
practical work for the betterment
of government.  Sure!  And
it's a golden opportunity for social
and literary clubs to revolutionize
things over the county.
Why store up more education and
more comfort for ourselves when
those at our very doors are unable
to read the Bible - foundation
upon which our hopes are
built here and hereafter?  Never
mind about votes for women.
There's a greater and grander
opportunity.  Just think how a 
few good women could change
things by teaching these 163
hopeless, helpless humans to read
and write during spare moments.
Cut amusements and social calls
in two in the middle.  Cut out
about half of the bridge, dominoes,
etc., and give these hours
to the unfortunate white children
who can neither read or write.
If you can't go to the children's
homes bring them to your homes.
Any way to give them a start.
This is a sort of education that
ought to be compulsory.  Women
know how to go about it kindly.
Every white child should know
how to read and write.  If we can
teach that much we've laid the
foundation for better government.
-Andalusia Star.

New Orleans, La.,
September 2, 1914
Edward Doty, Editor, Andalusia Star,
Andalusia, Ala.
My dear Mr. Doty:  Thank you
for the clipping sent us in reference
to the illiteracy and the lack of opportunity
among the white children 
of the South.  This question is one
of the many wherein women can affect
a great change.
To the shame of Alabama as well
as other Southern States, women are
not admitted to school elections nor 
permitted to serve on School Boards,
and have no direct power to affect
legislation, compulsory or otherwise,
regarding the education of the youth
of the State.  The education of children
sould pre-eminently be within
the mother's power, but since in Alabama
and other Southern States no
mother has a voice in the Public
School control, the stigma of illiteracy
of a State now rests upon the men
who have failed to better conditions.
Personally I think this is an unjust 
burden to place wholly upon our men
and I am amazed that men have not
long ago required women's aid in all
that affects the public life of the 
child.  The education of children by
the State requires a system far
reaching and compulsory so that no
child, (the future asset of the State,)
shall be deprived of the means of development
into educated citizenship.
Sporadic attempts by a few charitably
inclined women will not solve
the problem of illiteracy and would
perhaps serve in some cases to place
the individual child under personal
obligation.
The democracy of our Public
Schools is a valuable training for
politicial democracy.  Consciencious
fathers and mothers on School Boards
would be a co-operative influence of
immense benefit to the family in the
State.  I agree most heartily with
you in your suggestion that women
"cut out bridge, dominoes, etc.," and
earnestly hope they will soon be
given a chance in Alabama to employ
the time thus gained by participating
in the moral and political
up-lift of their respective communities.
Cordially yours,
IDA PORTER-BOYER
Secretary Southern States
Woman Suffrage Conference.

THE STATE: COLUMBIA, S.C., JANUARY 14, 1916
PREDICT WOMEN
WILL VOTE SOON
Time is Limited to Ten
Years.
CALLS ON THE SOUTH
Mrs. Ida Porter Boyer of New
Orleans Delivers Suffrage Lecture
at Court House.
Mrs. Ida Porter Boyer of New Orleans,
a quiet, earnest little Southern
gentlewoman with a natural manner,
a sweet voice and a delightful sense
of humor, gave a lecture on equal suffrage
last evening before the Columbia
Suffrage league at its monthly
meeting.  Dr. Jane Bruce Guignard,
president of the league, introduced
Mrs. Harriet Powe Lynch of Cheraw,
president of State league, who spoke
a few words of encouragement and
confidence in regard to the attainment
of suffrage by women in this
State.  "It is coming," declared she
with conviction, prophesying that the 
delay will not be nearly the lapse of
ten years as some people think it 
may be.
Formerly Club Woman.
Mrs. Lynch presented Mrs. Boyer
as a woman first known as a club woman.
"It is from the club women
that we suffragists were evolved,"
she said.  "As club women striving
for certain reforms and improvements,
we thought we could attain
them for the asking; when we found
we could not we turned suffrage advocates
in order to have the power to
bring these things about."
Mrs. Boyer, disagreeing with the
oft repeated opinion that while it
may be all right for other parts of
the country to take up the suffrage
movement "it's different in the
South," declared that she finds the
bright, brainy women of all sections
very much alike and said that it was
a Southern woman, Mrs. Margaret
Rhett of Marland, who first demanded
the ballot.  This as early as 1680.
She then proceeded to review history
to show that all men have not
always voted.  "We are apt to think
that the right is purely a masculine
one," said she, "and that a man has
always voted simply because he was
a man, whereas the vote came gradually."
The voting privilege was
originally founded on property rights.
Then one by one the States eliminated
the property qualification until
now only one- Rhode Island- retains
it.
Originally the voting privilege was
by no means limited to men.  Women
who held property were able to vote
and the women of New Jersey did
vote until 1807.
The Inadvertent "Male."
"When the constitution of the
United States was written there was
no idea of excluding the women," she
pointed out.  "We, the people of the
United States,' reads the preamble,
and the word 'male' was not put in
until we put it with the 14th and
15th amendments."
Later she explained that the federal
bill now pending, known as the
United States elections bill, is to ask
congress to "revitalize" this part of
the constitution.  It is not an amendment
to the constitution, it is simply
a bill to enable women to vote for
congressmen and senators.
"My own hopes lie in the South,"
declared Mrs. Boyer.  "We have not
the awful problems to solve here that

they have in some of the Northern
States where the population is migratory
and therefore hard to educate to
the ideals of democracy.  Here in the
South we have the purest type of
democratic people.
"I am confident that the Southern
men will translate their chivalry into
justice," said she, after reviewing the
movement in the South and mentioning
the States that have had suffrage
bills up before their legislatures."
Men and the Ballot.
In eloquent comment on the statement
that men are fond of making,
to the effect that "when all the women
want the ballot we will let them
have it," the speaker cited the truth
that no class, race or band of men
has ever had to ask for the ballot; it
has always been presented to them
without solicitation in some cases
even thrust upon them.
One of the most convincing features
of Mrs. Boyer's address was her account
of the actual "working" of
equal suffrage in the Western States,
in two of which - Wyoming and Colorado-
she has spent much time with
her two sisters who live in these
States, respectively.  She also told a
number of stories to show how women
in the suffrage States use their
power of the ballot.  "I think it is a
splendid argument for equal suffrage
that women will place principle above
partisanship," declared she.
In Wyoming, the first suffrage
State, two generations have been educated
by the women's ballot, for the
school problem has always been turned
over to the women and Wyoming
has never had anything but a woman
as State superintendent of education.
Mrs. Boyer, in the course of her
talk, in which she held her audience
attentively interested for an hour and
a half, paid tribute to Mrs. Virginia
D. Young of Fairfax, whom she knew
personally.


ATTANOOGA NEWS
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1914
TO DISCUSS CLAIMS
OF BOTH SECTIONS
Work of Conference of Equal Suffrage Leaders. 
Twenty-eight Countries Now 
Awaiting Outcome.
Mrs. Ida Porter-Boyer and Miss
Caroline Reilly, Representatives, 
Seen in Interview.

The significance of the present conference of the Southern States Equal Suffrage association, which begins Tuesday at the Hotten Petten, is of greater moment than may upon the surface appear. What is bringing together the leaders of the section and placing them in intimate communication with those of the north in Chattanooga, the gateway between the two, is a matter which concerns the suffragists of twenty-eight different countries. All eyes are fixed upon Chattanooga at the present juncture, and the event has assumed historic importance. The grave question of the states' rights vs. nationalism is to be thrashed out. And get the leaders over the issue which made the men of an earlier day fly at each other's throats is to be settled in quiet conference of chairmen, northern and southern. The two representatives of opposing interests are the Gordon sisters of New Orleans, and Mrs. O. H. P. Belmont, of New York. The representatives and vanguard are, respectively, Mrs. Ida Porter-Boyer and Miss carolint Reilly, press agents. A News representative sought the duo at the Hotel Patten last night and found them
dining together. In compant with Miss Margaret Ervin, president of the local equal suffrage association, and Miss Catherine J. Wester of the national electionc ommitte, both presented the claims of the cause for which they stand-whether or not the enfranchisement of women shall be first introduced by the individial states separately, or by national constitutional amendment. The former will control the complexion of the franchise and the latter grant it indiscriminately, regardless of racial distinction.

All of the merits and demerits of the Haynes-WEbster controversy were involved last night, and while no arguments were presented during the interview, each seemed in receptive mental attitude for listening to the statements of the other. The "logical male mind" might have learned lessons of value from the "emotional feminine mind"-to use Dr. Anna Shaw's differentiation. "Of course, we have rather opposed each other," said one of them, "but we have always done so in a friendly spirit of co-operation and we propose to continue it."

"Was not the question of states' rights quietly disposed of in the western states granting equal suffrage?" was asked.
"They had no problem such as confronts you to contend with," explained Miss Reilly. "In California, of course, where the presence of certain oriental women was inimical to the franchis, California women claimed the right of elimination. What we are trying to do is to get also into the viewpoint of the southerner."
"Then," Mrs. Boyer was asked, "your idea, is it not, is to establish the white primary in those states where southern men have done so?"
"Exactly," she replied. "We desire the same rights with our men voters. Where the grandfather clause is needed to preserve white supremacy we ask the privilege of obsercing the same, and for this reason we are opposing a national constitutional amendment." 
Each heard the other without comment, and the converstation drifted naturally to the status of equal suffrage in New York and Louisiana.
"We do not feel that the question is quite as livelu as it should be in the south, since it has ceased to be national and is now a worldwide issue," observed norther Miss Riley. "Newspapers do not give it sufficient notoriety and space. Besides, every day in New York there are many open-air meetings throughout the length and breadth of the city.
"But to show you just how wide is the interest in the state at large, let me tell you what was recently done in convention in New York. You know, before the suffrage question can be submitted to a vote of the people there it must be passed upon favorable by two sessions of legislature. It has already passed one. We were sitting in convention at Rochester and desired to raise a $50,000 campaign fund for the second passage. It was not only raised in a very few minutes, but we found that the same had been done in two other sections of the state, so that when the fund was amassed we had $150,000. We thought the war had interfered with public interest, but this proves to the contrary. 
"Vastly different," exclaimed Miss Boyer, "from the time we held convention during the Spanish-American war. We were in session at Washington. The papers had given us flaming headlines. Then the Maine blew up-and they forgot all about us."
"Yes, war has always been the band of woman suffrage," observed Miss Wester.
"I told a man recently," said Miss Ervin, "that if we women had been consulted, there would be no Belgian problem, because there would have been no war."
Asked concerning the progress of equal suffrage in Louisiana, Mrs. Boyer gave an interesting resume of the work of the Era club (which, by the way, means E-qual R-ights A-ssociation), and she told how a recent seeming defeat was in reality a victory, since it preserved the factory inspectorship-the great activity of Miss Jean Gordon. She said that people are looking to the Era club for promulgation of the most reforms because New Orleans owes to Miss Gordon a debt of gratitude for working for the passage of so many bills giving the city certain commodities and needed restrictions. The sewerage system, factory inspectorship, park improvement, prohibiting racetrack gambling are but a few of these. That equal suffrage should have attained its present high standing in Louisiana, the most conservative state in the south, still adhering to the Napoleonic code in the legal consideration of womanhood, is, she thinks, finely significant. Events in Tennessee relating to the progress of the cause throughout the state were listening to with much interest by the two, as Miss Ervin and Miss Wester presented them.
The conference this week precedes the national convention, which will open in Nashville, Recognition of one of the two factions of the state organization will be among items of particular interest to suffragists of Tennessee. Mrs. O. H. P. Belmont, however, who arrives tonight in her private car from New York, will not attend the state convention, but will return eat after the conference with Miss Reilly and Miss Christabel Pankhurst. Among prominent suffragists who will attend the conference are: Mrs. Medill McCormick, of Chicago; the Misses Gordon, of New Orleans; Mrs. Ernest Thompson Seton, who left yesterday for Nashville, but will return; Dorothy Dix, Mrs. Wesley Stoner, Miss Laura Clay, Ruth McEnery Stuart, Mrs. Katherine Waugh McCullough.
Miss Kate Gordon will call the conference Tuesday morning at the Hotel Patten. In the evening a banquet will be held at the Hotel Patten. Tuesday and Wednesday nights the sessions will be held in the Lyric theater, when Mrs. O. H. P. Belmont and Miss Christabel Pankhurst will speak.

DISTINGUISHED 
WOMEN OF SOUTH

Delegates Arrive for the Suf-
frage Conference.

Business Sessions in Assembly-
room of Hotel Patten--Lec-
tures at Lyric.

   The program of the conference
Tuesday will be as follows:
MORNING 10:30--HOTEL PATTEN
   Convention called to order by the
president--Kate M. Gordon.
   Invocation.
   Welcome to Chattanooga--Mayor
T. C. Thompson.
   Welcome to her guests from the
Chattanooga Equal Suffrage asso-
ciation--Margaret H. Ervin, presi-
dent.
   Greetings from Mrs. M. N. Whit-
aker, president of Koamos club;
Mrs. W. G. Oehmig, vice-president 
of City Beautiful club; Mr. P. J.
Krueal, president of chamber of
commerce; Mrs. Medill Mc-Cor-
mack, chairman of the congres-
sional committee of the National 
American Woman Suffrage asso-
ciation.
   Responses -- Mrs. Wesley M. 
Stoner, of Washington, D. C.
   Appointment of committees.
   President's address.
AFTERNOON 2:30--HOTEL PAT-
TEN.
   Invocation.
   Amendments to the Constitution.
   Press conference, led by Ida Por-
ter-Boyer. 
   Discussion.
6 to 8 P. M.
   Banquet honoring prominent vis-
itors--Hotel Patten.
EVENING 8:30--LYRIC THEATER,
CORNER MARKET AND 
SIXTH STREETS.
   Invocation.
   Musical selection.
   Address--Mrs. Oliver H. P. Bel-
mont.
   Comparisons, 1848 and 1914--Mrs.
Nellie Nugent, Somerville, Miss.;
Mrs. Hattie Rowland Parker, 
Louisiana; Mrs. Ida Porter-Boyer,
Pennsylvania; Miss Laura Clay,
Kentucky; Mrs. Harriot Stanton
Blatch, New York.
   Reception--Hotel Patten.

The delegates to the Southern States
Woman Suffrage conference, which opens
for a two days' session tomorrow, are
coming in on every train, and it is esti-
mated that the late trains this evening
will bring in between 100 and 200, includ-
ing some of the most distinguished
women of the country.
   For the second time in its existence
Chattanooga is an aspirant for a niche
in the halls of history. This week's as-
semblage of women who are asking for
political equality with their husbands
and brothers is a historic occasion, and
Chattanooga is a milestone in the prog-
ress of southern womanhood. The suf-
fragists of not only the United States,
but twenty-seven foreign countries, will
read with eagerness the proceedings of 
the Southern States Woman Suffrage
conference. This conference is linked
with the International Woman Suffrage
alliance, as well as east, west, north and
south throughout this country. The city
of Chattanooga is not unmindful of the
great advantage she will receive in be-
ing the hostess of the suffragists of the
south, and the news of its acts goes out
into every civilized nation where suf-
frage organizations obtain, as well as in
homes of every state in the nation.
Chattanoogans may feel more than rec-
ompensed for the efforts to show ap-
preciation for the great honor conferred
upon the city.
   The local association heartily welcomes
the members of the Souther States
Woman Suffrage conference and the emi-
nent suffragists from other sections of
the country. Chattanooga has been
proudly spurred to hospitable efforts.
   "A word concerning the most progres-
sive and far-seeing organization in the
south is in keeping with the city's wel-
come," said one of the leaders today.
"That woman suffrage is inevitable even 
the opponents of the movement admit.
Twelve states and one territory, Alaska,
now admit women to voice their opinions
at the ballotbox. These states are west-
ern states, save Kansas and Illinois, but
the first demand for the ballot for women
came from our own southland when
Margaret Brent, of Maryland, in 1697,
demanded a 'place and voyce' in the 
colonial assembly. After several hours
of heated debate by the men in the as-
sembly, Mistress Brent's request was re-
fused. These same members of the as-
sembly who so arrogantly spurned her
demand, on the plea of woman's subor-
dinate domestic place, were later obliged
to humbly petition Margaret Brent to
raise funds to pay the soldiers to pro-
tect these very members of the assembly
from invasion and spoliation!
   "Two means of securing the suffrage
are open to women. The one by a na-
tional constitutional amendment, the 
other by action of the individual state.
While congress is being urged to act,
the southern women much prefer to re-
ceive the ballot through states rights.
Western men have not waited for con-
gress to recognize their women, but have
gallantly and manfully accorded the pro-
tection of the vote to mothers, sisters,
wives and daughters, so that the west-
ern home is truly a domestic democ-
racy. Will it be said that southern men
are less chivalrous, that southern women
are less deserving than those of the 
western group? Are southern men con-
tent to allow their women to be placed
on a political equality with undesirable,
disfranchised classes, and are the south-
ern women satisfied to remain the un-
equals of the men whom they regard?
   "The Southern States Woman Suffrage
conference enlists the co-operation of the
thinking men and women to bring about
a political equality in southern homes."
   "The conference will, as stated, include
some of the most prominent women of
the country, and the conference's busi-
ness sessions are to be held in the as-
sembly room of the Hotel Patten and
the lectures and evening sessions in the
Lyric theater.



HERALD
TALK OF THE TOWN
 Women will be effective voters in the
next municipal campaign.  They are
making ready for it now.  The Boston
League of Women Voters is considering
how far it should go as an organization
in approving or opposing candidates
for the city council.  The fall conference
of the league, with representatives present 
from each ward and representing all
shades of party affiliation, will decide
exactly what the league will do.  There
is no intention or desire to organize a 
"woman vote" ; in fact,  this is to be
avoided.  The fitness of candidates, however,
will interest the league.  It is
probably that it will be a potent force
in the next selection of council members. 
Very likely knowledge of this fact will
influence nominations.
  Our advice for aspiring politicians is
to think this over now. 

   When Mayor Andrew J. Peters hospitably
and gracefully entertained the
visiting   Oxford-Cambridge   athletes
Thursday noon at luncheon, there was
one member of the city government
present whose presence was particularly
appropriate.    This   was   Councilman
Francis Joseph William Ford.  Harvard
1904, who attained fame as a broad
jumper when at college.  It's good
training for a man with political aspirations. 
 
    Mayor Peters, by the way, is a good
example of what a man can do in athletics,
as well as in other fields, by determination 
and persistency. Some years
ago he made up his mind that he would
learn to play a good game of tennis- 
and he did, by sticking at it and working
hard.  He is not essentially an athlete,
yet he can do many athletic things
well. 
   Youngsters might learn a good deal by
studying the career of the mayor.  He
has succeeded by making the best use
of all his abilities and opportunities. 
Fortunate  in possessing abilities and 
brains, Andrew J. Peters has turned his
equipment to use.  He is an excellent
example of achievement of leadership
through determination to do so. 

  Mrs. Ida Porter-Boyer, one of the 
most interesting and one of the most
eminent among the country's progressive
women, leaves Boston Friday, July
29, for a long trip in the east.  She will
sail Aug. 5 from San Francisco, and 
after some time spent in the Philippines
will tour China and Japan,  returning
to the United States not sooner than
next March.  In the Philippines she
will visit her brother-in-law, Col. E. R.
Gilson,  who has been there since 1913,
and who is stationed at Fort Mills, Corrigidor, 
at the entrance of Manila harbor.
    In the Philippines Mrs. Boyer will
make a thorough study of self-government
there and of progress made by
the Filipinos, with particular attention
to the capacity of the people to carry
forward the achievements effected since
the American occupation began.  She
points out that whereas only about 10
per cent. of the people were literate 
then, now the literacy of the islands is
better than in some of our own American
southern states. Manila has a very
old university; but education used to 
be for the few. Today it is for all. 
   Mrs. Boyer's sister, Edith Porter Wilson, 
will accompany her through China
and Japan, where Mrs. Boyer will study
women's viewpoint in those countries. 
Most of our news from China and Japan
touches commercial and political phases
of development.  Mrs. Boyer seeks firsthand
information on social and sociological 
conditions, with special reference 
to women's status and opportunities.
The work of Japanese women in
Red Cross work, as made evident in 
the Russo-Japanese war, and which was
copied by other countries, has impressed
her. She will bring home valuable information
concerning what the women
of Japan, and of China, have done. 

   This is Mrs. Boyer's sabbatical year.
Last September she completed 43 years 
of active work in behalf of equal suffrage,
having begun under the tutelage
of Susan B. Anthony.  In 1906 she directed
the press work for suffrage in
Oregon.  In 1907 she was in charge of
the constitutional convention campaign
in Oklahoma.  She was associated with 
Mrs. Harriet Taylor Upton in the campaigning 
in Ohio.  She was in charge of 
the suffrage campaign which led Michigan 
to victory for suffrage.  To chronicle 
all her activities would fiill this
column.  In brief, she has campaigned
in every state in the Union except Arizona
and New Mexico.  For four years 
she conducted, in New Orleans, the official 
organ of the Southern States
Woman Suffrage Conference, which is 
believed to have been the only suffrage
publication that ever paid in a business
way. 
   Mrs. Boyer is a native of Pennsylvania, 
which may help account for her 
aptitude for politics.  She has for sometime
been a powerful factor in the Boston 
League of Women Voters, and active 
as a special lecturer on citizenship,
etc.   her son, John Richard Porter
Boyer, graduated from Harvard in 1907. 

Origin of the Sidesaddle.
  The use of the sidesaddle for women
riders is traced to the time of Anne of
Bohemia, eldest daughter of the emperor
of Germany, who married Richard 
II. of England.  Previous to this
date all Englishwomen bestrode their
horse man fashion, but on account of
a deformity this German bride was
forced to use a sidesaddle, and the custom
became general. 

The Rose Ceremony at Manheim.
To the Editor of "The Press" 
   Sir:--Regarding the rose ceremony
at Manheim, recently asked about in
"The Forum," the town of Manheim,
Lancaster County, was founded in 1762
by Henry William Steigel, of Germany,
frequently called "Baron" Steigel, but
there is no warrant for the title.  With 
the founding of the town Steigel organized
a Lutheran congregation and gave
the tract of land upon which the church
was built.  He  stipulated that   the
rental for the land was to be one red
red yearly, if the demand for the same
was made. The rental was demanded
for several years after Steigel's death,
but the custom fell into disuse.  Fourteen
years ago the custom was revived
by Dr. J. H. Sieling, then of Manheim,
but now located in York, and the services 
attracted widespread attention. The
one red rose was paid to one of the
Steigel heirs, of whom there are many
in existence, by some prominent man
selected for the occasion. The ceremony
has been observed since revived by Dr. 
Sieling, but none will be held this year
for the reason that it is not favored by
the congregation of the church.  While
only one rose was demanded in payment
for the ground, large contributions of 
roses were made and these were sent
to the sick.  "Baron" Steigel not only
organized the congregation, but he
preached to it. He was not buried at
the church and no one to-day knows
where his remains were placed.
                                   READER.
Lancaster, Pa., May 13, 1909.

Churches That Pay 
Their Rent With Roses
TWO old churches in Pennsylvania-
by the payment of two fresh,
Summer roses-have cleaned up
their rent until June, 1941, when the 
annual rental comes due once more.
    It all happened in a most peculiar 
way. And it continues to happen every
Summer at what has now come to be
known as "the feasts of the roses" at
Tulpehocken Trinity Reformed Church
in Richland, Pennsylvania, and at the
Zion Lutheran Church in Manheim,
Pennsylvania. 
    Back in 1745, Caspar Wistar, a 
famous button manufacturer of Philadelphia,
set aside 100 acres of ground
for religious use.  He deeded the 
church site to the congregation at that
time, 195 years ago, and requested that
the only compensation for the piece of 
earth in Richland, Berks County, be
one red June rose to be paid to him or 
to one of his descendants forever.  And the bargain, with
some exceptions, has been faithfully kept by the Tulpehocken
Church, as it is now called, through all the intervening years. 
    This Summer Mrs. Walter Penn Shipley, Jr., of Chestnut 
Hill, a suburb of the Quaker City, was the recipient
of the rental rose.  Rev. J. Donald Backenstose, of the 
church, presided at the colorful ceremony, 
which included a pageant in
which forty members of his flock
dramatized the historic story of
Regina, the German captive of the 
Indians. 
    In past years, other descendants
have received the rental.  Morris
Wistar Wood was one of them and
Dillwyn Wistar was another.  Thomas
I.  Potts received the payment last
year.  Sometimes the congregation
presents a member of the Wistar family
with a whole trellis of roses from 
which one rose is counted off. Last
year, for instance, the 194th rose was
counted off and given in payment.
   This year, a white rose was added
to the red rose in gratitude for a huge
organ which a group of Casper Wistar's 
descendants presented to the 
church several years ago.
   As for the Zion Lutheran Church, Mrs. Bessie Boyer
Van Tassel of Newtownville, Massachusetts, came to receive
the rose rental payment, because she is a great-great-granddaughter 
of William Henry Stiegel, self-styled
"Baron" who donated the site for that church in 1772.
   The "Barron," a glass manufacturer, willed the land to 
the church for one rose to be paid every year for all time.

[* At Least Two Churches in This
 Country Settle Their Rent for a 
 Year with a Single Rose. *]
[* 1940, by American Weekly, Inc.  Great Britain Rights Reserved.*] 

[* 1910 *]
THE OKL [?]

Helps Rescue Lincoln Disguised
From Mob at Harrisburg
Memories of the days when
president Lincoln's life was
threatened and plans were laid
by mobs to prevent his arriving 
in Washington for the second
inaugural services are vividly
recalled by captain John R. Porter,
of Centralia Pa., father of
Mrs Ida Porter Boyer. state secretary
of the Woman's suffrage
league of Oklahoma who is in
charge of the state headquarters
at  the Lee-Huckins.  Captain
Porter was one of the five men
who aided president Lincoln in
escaping the mob which had
formed at the railroad station in 
Harrisburg to stop his train. His
daughter repeated the story Saturday
while discussing the fact
that it was the anniversary of 
Lincoln's birthday.
   AIDS LINCOLN' ESCAPE. 
   "Father has often told me the
story." said Mrs. Boyer, "He
was one of the five men who
aided president Lincoln to escape
from the  mob at   Harrisburg
where it has been believed that
he escaped by disguise.  He was
at that time transcribing clerk
in the house of the legislature.
The other four were president
Thomas Scott of the Pennsylvania 
railroad. Alexander McClure, editor
of the Philadelphia Press;
Andrew Curtain, the wartime governor,
and Simon Cameron, who
was later a member of Lincoln's 
[* CAPTAIN JOHN R. PORTER.
Who Assisted Lincoln to Escape 
a Harrisburg Mob. *]
cabinet. 
  "Lincoln was the gest of the 
mayor of Harrisburg that day
and all arrangements had been
made for the train.  Word was
conveyed to him by some means
that plans were on foot to intercept
his train when it should 
arrive at the station.  Accordingly
the train was run into the 
freight  years and there  the

president of the United States
boarded the train for Washington.
     FLED IN DISGUISE.
  "The story has always been
told that he escaped in disguise,
but he did not.  He  merely
changed  hats   with  Cameron
when they left the home of the
mayor who suggested that they 
do that.  Lincoln did not want
to do so, but the entreaties of the
mayor,   who did everything in 
his power to shield Harisburg 
from the disgrace of having a 
president killed or mobbed on 
her streets, won and he consented.
He usually wore a large, 
high crowned stiff hat, such as 
was worn in those days.  He
exchanged it for Cameron's felt 
hat." 
   Captain Porter is a member
of the loyal legion to which only
ranking officers of the war can
belong.  His commission was the
second on signed by governor
Curtain.  he organized his company 
and first enlisted for the 
three months' service, re-enlisting
when that term of enlistment
expired. He was presented with
 a sword for gallant and meritorious 
conduct at the battle of 
Antietam.

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