NAWSA SUBJECT FILE Democratic Party

DEMOCRATIC ACHIEVEMENTS
1
FARM LOANS

     No one who has not worried over the approach of
interest day; no man who has not tried to decided
whether to sell the red heifer or the promising
young colt; no woman who hasn't given up the
hope of a winter coat and turned over her slowly
accumulated horde of butter-and-eggs money to
satisfy the demands of the greedy mortgage can ever
quite understand what the Farm Loan Act means to 
this country. So long as the poor are with us there
will be debts and debtors, but no farmer need ever 
again lose his home. This nightmare has gone from 
us forever. 
     The Federal Farm Loans Act, approved by Presi-
dent Wilson, July 17, 1916, has changed all this. 
This is one of the notable achievements of the Demo-
cratic Congress. The fact that at the present time, 
practically within the first year after the provisions
of the law went into effect, there are more Farm
Loan associations than there are counties in the 
United States, is sufficient proof that this beneficent
law met and satisfied a want that has been long en-
dured and is very real. This does not mean that 
there is such an organization in each county. 
There are states that have but few, because they
are well settled, farm values are such that it is com-
paratively easy to secure loans, and farming itself is
not the "extra hazardous" business it is where
droughts and grasshoppers and eight and twelve per
cent loan sharks hold their sway. But eve in 
more favored localities the Farm Loan Act has had its
effect, for there has been a steady decrease in rates
of interest. In the South, the middle West, the
far West and the Northwest the law has found a 
read response. The Ninth Farm Loan District, 

including Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico and Oklahoma, 
has 376 associations, Texas has 259 and
Mississippi 129, Washington 130 and North Dakota
124.
Through the associations chartered by the Federal
Farm Loan Board, about fifty thousand farmers
had borrowed nearly a hundred million dollars by
June 1, 1918. At this time, when the farmer is
called upon to make every effort to greatly increase
his acreage, and there is great difficulty in securing
efficient help, this direct aid from the government
is of the utmost value. Already it has made it easy
for many farmers to do far more than would have
been possible without it.
The method of operation is quite simple. The
man or woman who wishes to make a loan and does
not know of any organization among the farmers
in that vicinity, writes to the nearest of the twelve
Federal Reserve banks. This bank writes back giving 
full information and the address of the nearest
group of farmers who have effected organization for
the purpose of securing loans. The borrower then
writes to this group, expresses his desire to be affiliated 
with it, gives as complete an inventory as possible 
of his holdings, description of the land, improvements, 
orchards, alfalfa, water facilities, ditches-if
he lives in a state where irrigation is necessary-water
rights, buildings and stock, and states how large a
loan he desires. No loan of less than $100 or of
more than $10,000 is made. Borrowers are advised
to be moderate in their demands on general principles, 
and because they are more likely to get what
they ask without having it reduced by the appraisers
who must pass upon it. The idea of the government 
is not to encourage people to go into debt,
but to help them to get out of debt by improving
their farms, getting rid of burdensome rates of interest, 
and removing from them the fear that they
may lose their property.



The average number of members in the farm loan
organizations is seventeen, and there must be at
least ten. Each association has its own loan committee 
of three persons, and they must authorize each
loan. They are told plainly by the Federal Board
that they must consider themselves its representatives, 
and make no loan which they would not authorize 
as stockholders of a bank making such an investment. 
They are expected to act on the principle
of "safety first, " and farmers who are really anxious
to improve their places are usually reasonable.
Occasionally a farmer does not understand that
the same safeguards which he would have to give a
bank or a private individual are necessary in doing
business with his Country. Abstracts are expensive,
but there seems to be no other way at present by
which titles can be guaranteed, and there is no other
way by which the farmer can read his title clear to
the humble mansion upon section something, township 
something else and range somewhere.
There are over six million farms in the United
States, forty per cent of them mortgaged. Before
the passage of this act many a man and woman had
sad cause to realize that a mortgage is indeed a
"death grip, " as the derivation of the word implies.
One of the features of its workings is that a tremendous 
number of these mortgages have been taken up,
and the loan has been made through the Federal
agency. There is still a loan, and there is still interest 
to pay, but the interest is not over 5% and
the loan may run for forty years. And now comes
the most amazing feature of this law. All the
farmer has to do is to keep up the interest plus one
per cent of the principal, and in the course of time-
thirty-six years to be exact-the loan is wiped out
completely. The entire sum borrowed has been
paid.
During the Taft administration the nation's
farms carried a debt of $6,330,000,000, on which


they paid $530,000,000 interest yearly, or about $5.30 for every man, woman and child in the land, a sufficient proof that some such relief as this was sorely needed.  In signing this bill President Wilson called attention to the discrimination which had existed against farmers.  At that time he said:

"The farmers have occupied hitherto a singular position of disadvantage.  They have not had the same freedom to get credit on their real assets that others have had who were in manufacturing or commercial enterprises, and while they sustained our life, they did not in the same degree with some others share in the benefits of that life,  Therefore, this bill, along with the very liberal provisions of the Federal Reserve Act, puts them on an equality with all others who have genuine assets and makes the great credit of the country available to them.  One can not but fell that this is delayed justice to them, and that it is a very gratifying thing to play any part in doing this act of justice.  I look forward to the benefits of this bill, not with extravagant expectations, but with confident expectations, that it will be of very wide-reaching benefits and, incidentally, it will be of advantage to the investing community, for I can imagine no more satisfactory and solid investments than this system will afford those who have money to use."

Issued by the Woman's Bureau of the Democratic National Committee.

14

DEMOCRATIC ACHIEVEMENTS 

II

GOOD ROADS

The world was at peace in the summer of 1912 when the Democratic convention adopted a platform pledging national aid to state and local authorities for the construction and maintenance of good roads.  There were no war clouds upon our horizon, no rumblings of thunder when the Baltimore convention declared itself in favor of a program of road building on a scale which would command the respect of those ancient Roman generals who made roads whenever and wherever they contemplated making war.  Nothing could have been further from the thought of good roads as a social and commercial asset.  The way to keep the coming generation on the farm is to make the farm pleasanter, to bring it more easily in touch with urban life, and to increase all possible facilities for neighborliness.

It has been said that the tie that binds, in a country of such magnificent distances as ours, is the railroad-tie, but broad ribbons of well-kept turnpike are a close second, so this was made a part of the social welfare program mapped out by the Democratic leaders, and when the party won at the polls, it proceeded to redeem its promises.

The good roads bill, which was signed by the President, July 11, 1916, appropriated $75,000,000 to be spent in the next five years ensuing from that date.  

This is one of the few measures that has ever passed both House and Senate by a unanimous vote, and at that time, with a political campaign of the utmost rigor in sight, even the most captious critics were unable to find any possibility for fraud, and

almost as soon as it was passed it became known as "the porkless bill."

All the reactions of this measure are good.  No state can claim its aid until it has created a Highway Department of its own, and the roads to be built are to be known as post roads.  When the state accepts the terms of the national act, and its Highway commission decide upon the road desired, it submits its recommendation to the Secretary of Agriculture, together with plans, specifications and estimates, and no money is advanced by the United States until these plans are approved by the Secretary of Agriculture.  Once built the roads must be kept up or no further aid will be given.  No tolls are allowed.

In states where much material and labor are required, the Secretary of Agriculture may accept an equal amount of such material and labor values to offset the funds given.  If the state has a special tax which gives it a road fund, the United States will give it dollar for dollar to match its appropriation. 

Those states which had satisfactory highway departments at the time of the passage of the bill have reaped the lion's share of its benefits, but each such commonwealth becomes an object lesson and example of the benefits to be derived from such expenditures.  The result is that surrounding states see the advantages and they also make road building an important part of their governmental activities. 

Some states have found it practicable to build hundreds of miles of highway by the use of convict labor.  Their labor comes into competition with no one and the result is a practical benefit to many more than those in the immediate vicinity of the road built.

One reason for making the Secretary of Agriculture the authority in this matter is that the primary purpose of these roads is to facilitate the marketing of crops and livestock.  As the price of all kinds of foodstuffs depends largely upon the ease and promptness with which they can be taken to market, or shipping place, the entire public has a very vital interest in the extension of the system of good roads throughout the nation.  The fine highway that affords pleasure to tourist and those who look forward to their Sunday outing, is a daily blessing to those who must traverse it with loaded wagons, not to mention what it means in lessening the burden of our patient dumb friend, the horse.

Within the first eighteen months after the passage of this bill some 4,500 projects were begun at an estimated cost of nearly $30,000,000, of which the Federal government was asked to pay only a little more than a third.  From this it is to be seen that the states are planning to do the lion's share of the work.  The roads to be built are all of them high class.  But for the exigencies of the war, which make labor scarce, much more would have been undertaken.  The tendency is to improve existing highways, needed for transportation of government supplies, thus aiding in war work, rather than undertaking extensive new operations at the present time.

THE COMING RACE

"The greater the stress under which a race is produced, providing it is properly nourished during the process, the stronger the race," says Dr. Harvey Wiley, head of the Bureau of Food, Sanitation and Health.  "Peace and luxury impair racial efficiency.  War and hardship, hard living, constant struggle develop it.

"When the war shall be over, with America and her allies victorious, we will see a greater America than we have dreamed of.  It cannot help but be.

"A race that will go into a death struggle with no plan of material gain, fighting daily at the battle

front for an ideal, and at home depriving itself of 
the material luxuries, must show spiritual growth. 
Men returning physically well and strong from the 
war, where they have been fed nourishing foods 
and have let an invigorating outdoor life will be 
better fathers to better children, and at home here 
we are making better mothers.

"Our change in diet as a result of the war has 
improved the race at home.  We were eating too 
much in volume, too many in variety and too rich 
in quality.  We are eating less and fewer and simpler 
things now.  We will be a stronger race as a result."

Issued by the Woman's Bureau of the Democratic 
National Committee.


DEMOCRATIC ACHIEVEMENTS
III
WAR RISK INSURANCE
A boy scarcely out of his 'teens left a small
Pennsylvania town not very long ago and joined
the Navy. He left behind him a widowed mother
and two little sisters.
Within a few months he was out on the Atlantic,
on one of the many American craft beating back the
Hun.
The boy wrote regularly-and often-to his
mother. In one letter he said:
"Mother, I am not afraid to go into battle or
face a gun. If I have to give up my young life for
for my country I will do it gladly, but I cannot
sleep nights thinking what will become of my
little sisters and you." Later the boy wrote:
"Today I am the happiest boy in the Atlantic,
for the insurance bill has passed, and I am taking the
full amount. Now I can face anything with a smile,
knowing my loved ones will be cared for."
The mother, proud of her boy and thankful to her
Government, wrote a letter to Secretary McAdoo
about it. In his reply, the Secretary of the Treasury
said :
"Not your boy alone, but you and your two
daughters as well have joined the colors in the
battle to save democracy. It is in genuine gratitude, 
therefore, that our great Nation provides the
liberal and far-sighted benefits of the military and
naval insurance law."
Multiply the story of the Pennsylvania boy and
his mother and his sisters several million times
and you have a vivid picture of the amazing achievement 
of the Bureau of War-Risk Insurance of the
Treasury Department.


Established by an Act of Congress, approved October 6, 1917, the Bureau is now the largest insurance company in the world -- an insurance company in which every woman who has a husband, son, or brother with the Stars and Stripes is a stockholder.

But the Bureau is much more than that.  Government insurance, in which the United States is a pioneer among the nations of the world, is only part of the story.

Someone has likened the Bureau to a vast munitions factory which is making an indispensable sinew of war, the unshakable morale necessary for victory.  Again, the Bureau may be likened to a military organization -- a bureau embattled -- detailed to the all-important work of keeping the home fires burning.

The Bureau does three things -- and each one of them comes squarely and literally home to the wives, mothers and sisters of America's fighting men.

First, the Bureau administers the all-embracing system of allotments and allowances.  Every enlisted man in the Army and Navy who has a wife, or a wife and children, must make an allotment out of his monthly pay for their support.  To this allotment the Government adds a family allowance ranging from $5 per month for one motherless child or $15 per month for a wife without children, up to a maximum of $50 per month.  The amount of the compulsory allotment is at least $15 per month, and as much more, not exceeding one half the enlisted man's pay, as is necessary to equal the Government's family allowance.

In addition, the enlisted man may make allotments to other relatives and, under certain conditions, the Government will add allowances for them.

The allotment is the man's contribution, the allowance the Government's, and the aggregate is the family's gain and the nation's benefit.  The bleak spectre of poverty, the humiliation of charity, the silent suffering of penniless pride, -- these are all banished by Government protection while the man is on the high seas or on the battlefields of France or in training.  After his fighting is over, Government compensation and Government insurance are then called into play to keep up the far-sighted and democratic work of justice and protection.

The second work of the Bureau comes under the heading of compensation -- which means indemnity for disability and death caused in the line of duty.

This compensation is paid without regard to rank or pay to officers and enlisted men alike, and there is no charge to the beneficiaries.  It is automatic.  In case of disability, the compensation, which ranges from $20 to $100 a month, is paid to the fighter himself.  In case of death it is payable only to a wife, child, or widowed mother.

But the Government does not stop with compensation which is the twentieth-century substitute for the discredited and outworn patchwork of pensions.  The United States goes a step -- a long step -- further.

To give the greatest Army and Navy in its history the strongest and broadest possible protection in the world, the United States Government throws precedent and prejudice aside and embarks in the insurance business.  It gives all its defenders -- and their loved ones at home -- the mighty backing of the strongest and the cheapest insurance on the face of the earth, and charter membership in the United States Insurance Company, Unlimited.

This insurance is protection against death and total permanent disability, and may be bought in amounts as high as $10,000 at a net peace rate averaging about $8 a thousand a year.  The Government pays all overhead expenses and stands the cost of the war-hazard.

All officers and enlisted men may avail themselves of this insurance protection for themselves and their families, but they must apply within 120 days after joining the service.  Most men are buying the full $10,000 of Government insurance.  In case the man is killed, his beneficiaries then receive $57.50 a month for 240 months, or twenty years.  In case he is permanently and totally disabled, he himself receives the monthly payments of $57.50 -- for the rest of his life, even if the period exceeds twenty years.

This, in brief, is the Government protection.  The response has been inspiring.  Almost two and a quarter million men had already applied for government insurance aggregating about eighteen billion dollars, by June 1, 1918, and new insurance is still coming in at an approximate rate of about one hundred million dollars a day.

Issued by the Woman's Bureau of the Democratic National Committee.

14

THE WOMAN'S BRANCH OF INDUSTRIAL SERVICE AND GENERAL ORDERS, No. 13

There used to be a poem in the old readers which was red or declaimed with much gusto on the Fourth of July, for it described the first Fourth when "there was tumult in the city, in the quaint old quaker town" and the eager crowd beat upon the state house door, and there were mingled cries --

"Will they do it," "dare they do it?"
"I am stifling!"  "Stifle then,
When the nation is in peril
There's no time to think of men!"

That was the ancient view, and between it and "General Orders number 13" there is not only a century and a half of time but a wider difference in the sense of values.  Since this nation has felt itself in peril it has thought of men as it never did before.  With millions marching away to hardships, many of them to suffering and death, there has come a keener consciousness of the meanings of life, a determination that it shall be safeguarded and made easier.  And so Gen. William Crozier issued this now famous order for the guidance of those who wish to do business with Uncle Sam.

STANDARDS FOR EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN

1.  HOURS OF LABOR. -- Existing legal standards should be rigidly maintained, and, even where the law permits a 9 or 10 hour day, efforts should be made to restrict the work of women to eight hours.

2.  PROHIBITION OF NIGHT WORK. -- The employment of women on night shifts should be avoided as a necessary protection, morally and physically.

3.  REST PERIODS. -- No women should be employed for a longer period than four and a half hours without a break for a meal, and a recess of ten minutes should be allowed in the middle of each working period.

4.  TIME FOR MEALS. -- At least 30 minutes should be allowed for a meal, and this time should be

lengthened to 45 minutes or an hour if the working day exceeds eight hours.

5.  PLACE FOR MEALS. -- Meals should not be eaten in the work rooms.

6.  SATURDAY HALF HOLIDAY. -- The Saturday half holiday should be considered an absolute essential for women under all conditions.

7.  SEATS. -- For women who sit at their work, seats with backs should be provided, unless the occupation renders this impossible.  For women who stand at work, seats should be available and their use permitted at regular intervals.

8.  LIFTING WEIGHTS. -- No woman should be required to lift repeatedly more than twenty-five pounds in any single load.

9.  REPLACEMENT OF MEN BY WOMEN. -- When it is necessary to employ women on work hitherto done by men, care should be taken to make sure that the task is adapted to the strength of the women.  The standards of wages hitherto prevailing for men in the process should not be lowered where women render equivalent service.  The hours for women engaged in such process should, of course, not be longer than those formerly worked by men.

10.  TENEMENT HOUSE WORK. -- No work shall be given out to be done in rooms used for living purposes or directly connected with living rooms.

STANDARDS FOR EMPLOYMENT OF MINORS

1.  AGE. -- No child under 14 years of age shall be employed at work under any conditions.

2.  HOURS OF LABOR. -- No child between the ages of 14 and 16 years shall be employed more than 8 hours a day or 48 hours a week, and night work is prohibited.

3.  MINORS UNDER 18. -- Minors of both sexes under 18 years of age should have the same restrictions upon their hours as already outlined for women employes.

To better insure the carrying out of these provisions the "Women's Branch of the Industrial Service Section of the Ordinance Department" was created and Miss Mary Van Kleek, who has just been appointed the director of the Women's Division of the Department of Labor, was put in charge.

The primary purpose of the "Women's Branch" however deals very definitely with labor, hours, etc.  The idea is that employers should provide the best possible working conditions not as a bit of philanthropy but as an act of justice, and incidentally one of the best methods of increasing their output.

"We find that what is called 'the turnover' of labor is very great," explained Miss Olga Halsey, who is one of the supervisors of the Women's Branch.  "It is estimated by the Federal Employment Service that from 25% to 40% of the unskilled labor of the country is idle at any one time because of the constant shifting from jobs to job.  This is a waste in every way.  Workmen who are dissatisfied leave and that means taking time to train new men.  In the present crisis we haven't the time or the workers to spare.  Everyone must be kept in the best condition to do his work.

"But when we asked munition plants to employ women to supervise the women workers they asked where they were to be found, because there are not many women capable of supervising workers who known enough of the work to do so intelligently.  To meet this need training courses for employment managers are being offered under government auspices.  Women who have no previous industrial experience go to a factory and spend a month or six weeks studying the plant and the different processes going on there.  Then when they have acquired this general knowledge, they go to one of the various schools that give the actual training, taking up the details, showing time-saving methods and suggesting ways of dealing with all sorts of problems likely to arise where hundreds of men and women are at work at high pressure and oftentimes with highly dangerous materials some of which are poisonous.  That is one of the reasons why we urge women to wear a uniform that they leave at the shop when they go home.  It

is also one of the reasons why we do not want women to eat their lunches in the workrooms.  It is not safe for them to do so.

"If the war lasts a long time, it is sure that many women will have to work in munition works and for that reason we are trying to throw every reasonable safeguard around them.  In addition to securing good working conditions, and opportunities for rest and recreation, we are taking steps to teach hygiene, and exercises that will aid in maintaining good health.  It is cheaper and better to keep people well than to let them get sick and then appear with the stretcher and ambulance.

"This 'Training Course for Health Officers' is given at Mt. Holyoke College, South Hadley, Mass., and the woman who desires to take it must have, first, good health; second, graduation not later than 1915 from a college of approved standing or an equivalent training in a professional school, or practical administrative experience in labor problems or an industrial plant.  The course of training is short and intensive, and there are many factories close at hand which the students visit.

"All this, you see," concluded Miss Halsey, "gets clear away from the 'Welfare' point of view.  We say to employers, practically, 'You have a national responsibility not to wear out your employes by the unwise expenditure of energy,' and the vast majority of them are co-operating with us well as we could desire."

"The Women's Branch of the Industrial Service Section of the Ordnance Department" is a long title, but not a bit too big for the inspiring work it is doing, which is going to tell wonderfully in the reconstruction days that will come after war.

Issued by Woman's Bureau, Democratic National Committee.

14

WOMAN'S BUREAU
OF THE 
DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE

The Woman's Bureau of the Democratic National Committee was organized during the presidential campaign of 1916, and had its offices at the Western headquarters, in Chicago, Ill.  At that time Mrs. George Bass, who had been active in the civic and club life of Illinois for the past two decades, was put in charge of the Bureau.  Its work was confined to the states in which women have the suffrage, although several other states asked for aid to enlist the women on the side of the popular government.

When the returns made it evident that Democracy owed its triumph largely to the women of the West, the party leaders decided to continue the Bureau, and assigned Mrs. Bass offices in its permanent headquarters in the Woodward building, Washington, D. C., assigning to the Bureau the work of political education and organization among women.

In January, 1918, the National Committee voted to create a Woman's Advisory Committee, each National Committeeman appointing a woman to represent the women of his state.

In the states where women have had the vote for many years, they are accustomed to serving upon their local committees, but this is the first time they have been called in by the national leaders and it is a very important step in the history of woman's political evolution.

The duties of these women cannot be set forth very definitely.  Where a complete political organization exists among the men they will be expected to co-operate with it and the Woman's Bureau of the National Committee.  Where there is little organization it is expected that they will confer with Mrs. Bass and then set about such work among the women of their states, in connection with the local committees, as many seem advisable.

In the states where women have no vote, this will necessarily be mainly of an educational character.  Where they have partial suffrage it will be more extensive, and in the states where women are voters on the same terms as men, the idea is to have them organized in the same way, beginning with a woman representative in each precinct or election district and ending with the state organization.

In February, 1918, by a referendum vote, the Democratic National Committee endorsed the Federal suffrage amendment, and urged its passage by the Senate.  It passed the House on the tenth of January.  When this amendment has passed the Senate it will go to the legislatures of the various states for ratification, and there are many who believe that women will vote in the 1920 election.  At the present time the following table gives the status of woman suffrage in the various states.

Full Suffrage:
1869, Wyoming
1893, Colorado
1895, Utah
1896, Idaho
1910, Washington
1911, California
1912, Oregon
1912, Arizona
1912, Kansas
1914, Montana
1914, Nevada
1917, New York

Presidential and Municipal Suffrage:
Illinois
Nevada
North Dakota

Presidential Suffrage:
Michigan
Rhode Island

Charter City Suffrage:
Ohio
Florida

Primary Suffrage:
Arkansas 
Texas

In Indiana the matter is in litigation and the other states not named have given school or bond suffrage in a few instances or no vote whatever to their womenfolk.  The primary suffrage which was given the women of Arkansas in 1917, and which passed the legislature of Texas in March,

1918, gives the women of these states practically 
full suffrage, since the primary contests decide who
are to be elected. 
     From a little study of these figures it is easy to
see that there is ample work for a Woman's Bureau. 
The purpose of this department of the work of the
Democratic National Committee is to give what-
ever aid will be of most service to the various
states. 







Press of Gibson Bros., Inc., Washington, D. C. 

CS Momtn

TOR. BOSTON, MONDAY JUNE 21, 1948 Women Today 

Compatible With Deep Country Living

Making Democracy Work Is Our Only Defense for It
And Women Must Use Their Ballots to Make It Work

Your Vote Is Vital- No. 3
By Grace A. Tillett
Vice-Chairman of the Democratic 
National Committee

Written for The Christian Science Monitor

When “Uncle Sam” says to the
women of America in time of war. 
“I need you,” the response is magnificent. 

Great and sincere tributes can
be paid to the wartime patriotism
of the wives and mothers of our
country; to the patriotism of the 
women who worked on assembly
lines; to that of farm women and 
city women; of professional women
and executives; of nurses and 
teachers; of office workers and
homemakers; of women in the 
armed forces. All of these women 
responded with courage and sacrifice
to Uncle Sam’s war cry, “I
need the women of American.”
These women did not fail in 
time of when Uncle Sam 

[image of woman with dog]
Another style, also modeled by Mrs. Phelps, is this straight
jacket with four generous pockets, worn effectively with well-
tailored pants of a lighter shade, sturdy shoes.

pointed to the registration and
polling booths of our country
and repeated the familiar phrase,
"Madam, there's a war on."  They
caught step with the martial
strains which played about the
ballot box in wartime and came
forth in answer to Uncle Sam's
"clarion call" to good citizens.

In the election of 1944, they
responded in such numbers that
they reached the peak in their
20-odd years of voting.  Statistics
bear me out.  Even the most conservative
estimates grants that
women cast more than 30 per cent
of the vote in November, 1944 -- a
wartime election.

Reversing 1946 Lethargy

But this year it is different.  
This year -- it is a testing time for
women in the realm of good citizenship.
Political parties will be
setting up recruiting stations.  But
the call to patriotic citizens this
year must penetrate the fog of

anxiety which hangs heavily over
a war-torn world.  The call -- if it
is to reach the ears of women --
must break through the lethargy
which fell on men and women
alike in the important election of
1946.

This epidemic of apathy struck 
with a vengeance in the hear of
the "off" election.  Only 35,600,000
free Americans went to the polls
and voted, out of about 79,333,333
free Americans eligible to do so.

Uncle Sam's Call Urgent

Uncle Sam's voice may be a 
little strained this year from the
responsibility of carrying the map
of the world on his shoulders; but
Uncle Sam will say to the women
of America in '48 as forcefully as
he can put it, "I need you -- our
country has one line of defense
for democracy, and only one --
and this is to make democracy
work."

This year it is the job of political
party organizations to dramatize
for women the fact that they
owe it to their country and to
their families to vote in the coming
election and wherever possible
to participate actively in the
campaign.  They must understand
that their interest and that of
their families is involved whenever
and wherever their duly
elected representatives in government
meet in the city halls, in the
county courthouses, in the state or
national capitals -- or gather for
international conferences.

This is the simple but significant
fact which many patriotic
American women fail to grasp.
For any woman who earnestly
wishes to do her duty by her
family, voting is a "must."  Somehow
we must make every woman
see that the vote which goes into
the ballot box on election day has
to do with the very heartbeat of
her existence.  Yes, these issues
before political parties in the '48
campaign are vital matters.

Sharing Responsibilities

This is the time for women to
stop backing off from them and
to begin thinking them through
along with the men who grapple
with them.  If a woman is educated
politically, she educates a
home.  An informed woman can
make an informed family.  An informed
woman can contribute to
an informed public opinion that
can help reshape the world.

With the history books crowded
with the names of "founding
fathers," it is now up to women,
after 27 years of voting, to produce
some "founding mothers";
that is, women who will give
leadership in politics and government.

Why not add to the list of
"founding fathers" some "founding
mothers," along with the "city 
fathers" a few "city mothers,"

along with the "county fathers" a
[?] "country mothers"; so that our
cities and counties can have the
benefit of the understanding and
viewpoint of women in government.

As I see it, there is nothing too
complicate for women who run
homes, farms, businesses, to comprehend
about keeping a city or
county healthy, safe, decently
housed, economically run, or anything
else that concerns the general
welfare.

If we examine the nature of the
business which comes up for con-
side ration before our elected officials
in the city hall or in the
county courthouse, it can hardly
be argued that these matters are
unfamiliar to women or unrelated
to their welfare, or the welfare
of their homes and of their children.

Questions That Affect Homes

There is seldom a meeting of
the city fathers called into session
that questions vitally pertaining
to the health, sanitation, the
safety, the education, the housing
(and I might go on) of women
and of their families are not
brought up for serious consideration
and decision.

If women are to answer the call
of their country for good citizens
in '48, they will find that the job
requires self-sacrifice, acknowledgement
of duty, and devotion to
principle.  But women have demonstrated
again and again that
they can measure up when these
qualities are needed in time of
war.

Let them now express their devotion
to democracy at the ballot
box in time of reconstruction --
and do it with such enthusiasm
and sureness of its meaning that
they will sell democracy to their
friends and neighbors.

----

The fourth article in this series, written
by Mrs. Robert W. Macauley, Assistant
Chairman of the Republican National
Committee, will appear on this page next
Monday.

----

Menus for Tuesday

----

Breakfast

Berries and Cream
French Toast   Sirup
Hot Beverage

Lunch or Supper

Tomato-Bacon Sandwiches
Potato Chips
Carrot Sticks
Chocolate Squares    Milk

Dinner

Vegetable Soup
Cool Roast Beef
Potato Salad
Tomato Aspic
Hard Rolls
Apple Cobbler
Beverage

* Plan enough to reheat tomor-
row, too.

----

Save Flour -- Save Fats


[?]bit Face Severe Strictures

----

[?]urch Pact Seen

Prage
[???] Czechoslovakia, receiving congratulations
[???] a church delegation, said full agreement
[???] state soon would be achieved "pro[?]
[???] and keep first and foremost in their
[?]e and nation."

[???] shop of Prague, who headed the dele[?]
[???] Czechoslovakia news agency as saying
[???] would faithfully and unconditionally
[?]ard the church.

[?]id, that the religious freedom guaran[?]
[???] would be fully respected, and hoped
[???] church schools and religious organi[?]
[???] a legal basis.

----


[???] 
[???] 
[???] 
[???] 
[???] 
[???] 
[???] 

[???] 
[???] 
[???] 
[???] 
[???] 
[???] 
[???] 
[???] 
[???] 
[???] 

[?]munist governments.

Recently the Moscow press and
radio reported that "the higher
clergy of the Orthodox church in
Romania and of the other churches
there have sworn allegiance to
the People's (Communist) regime."

A high-ranking Romanian
churchman at that time was
quoted by Moscow "as assuring
the (Communist) Government
full support," wishing it success
"In the full realization of its program,"
and calling the Communist
Ministers "the people's
chosen leaders."

Moscow Report
 
Moscow has reported that Roman
Catholicism is flourishing in 

church, which is headed by a
Russian placed in office by Moscow,
had declared itself in favor
of the "Gottwald regime" (the
Communist dictatorship).

Other sources, including the
Bulgarian Communist-controlled
press and radio, repeatedly have
quoted the head of the Bulgarian
Orthodox church as aggressively
favoring the Communist regime.
The Bulgarian church even carried
on election propaganda for
the Communists.

Support Given

Other churches in lands dominated
by Russia are reported to 
be supporting the Communist regimes.
During March, for example, the 
Moscow press and radio said that
the Czechoslovak (National)
church, which is a self-governed
outgrowth of Roman Catholicism,
had lined up with the Communist
regime in Prague.  It also announced
that the "Czechoslovak
Catholics" had declared they were
supporting the new (Communist)
regime.

On May 5, Moscow reported
that the Hungarian Reformed
church had gone over to the "new
social order" (Communism).  Two
weeks later, Moscow announced
that Hungarian "Catholic teachers
and professors had declared for
the People's Democracy," while a
group of Protestant youth was
described as having gone even
further.

----

Jewish Children



Describing America
To British Is Difficult

By William H. Stringer

Chief of the London News Bureau of The Christian Science Monitor

London

Seldom has an American political
event been accorded such
widespread -- if somewhat puzzled
-- attention in Britain as has this
year's presidential sweepstakes.

A topnotch contingent of British
writers, journalists, and cartoonists
-- including David Low
and Rebecca West -- have crossed
the Atlantic to cover the national
conventions at Philadelphia, and
incidentally to sample a few
American steaks and milk shakes.

Several newspapers, including
the Manchester Guardian, have
carried pen profiles of leading
Republican contenders, and have
allowed a surprising amount of
their newsprint-tight columns to
reporting the crucial state primaries.

Crescendoing all this splendid
attention, the British Broadcasting
Corporation tapped your correspondent
on the shoulder and 
asked him if he would do a broadcast
on the purpose -- and atmosphere
-- of the Philadelphia conventions
for what is known as the
School Program.

Your correspondent has now
done so, discovering the process
that explaining precisely how a
national convention factions is
no simple matter for that "vast

body enjoys it thoroughly, and
the peoples of other lands should
understand that there is some
shrewd and thoughtful business
going on behind the façade of
placards, parades, and flowing
oratory.

But after all, these conventions
are not really the most democratic
way of picking presidential nominees,
and a lot of smart Americans
are bound to discover this.

Few Apprehensions

I have a few apprehensions concerning
cartoons which David
Low, Liberal cartoonist for the 
Conservative London Evening
News, will draw of convention.  He
is eminently fair minded, although
most of his pen-and-ink businessmen
resemble youngish Colonel
Blimps.

Nor is there any doubt about
carefully-etched stories which
Miss West will file.  But some
correspondents are going to find it 
tempting and easy to look rather
down the nose at those bumptious
goings-on at Philadelphia.

One other matter must be mentioned.
Since many of this current
crop of visiting journalists will 
peregrinate somewhat between
and after the conventions, soaking
[???] 

Another style, also modeled by Mrs. Phelps, is this straight 
jacket with four generous pockets worn effectively with well-
tailored pants of a lighter shade, sturdy shoes. 

their families is involved whenever 
and wherever their duly 
elected representatives in government 
meet in the city halls, in the 
county courthouses, in the state or 
national capitals -- or gather for 
international conferences.
    This is the simple but significant 
fact which many patriotic 
American women fail to grasp. 
For any woman who earnestly 
wishes to do her duty by her 
family, voting is a "must." Somehow
we must make every woman 
see that the vote which goes into 
the ballot box on Election Day has 
to do with the very heartbeat of 
her existence. Yes, these issues 
before political parties in the '48 
campaign are vital matters.
    Sharing Responsibilities 
    This is the time for women to 
stop backing off from them and 
to begin thinking them through 
along with the men who grapple 
with them. If a woman is educated 
politically, she educates a 
home. An informed woman can 
make an informed family. An informed 
woman can contribute to 
an informed public opinion that 
can help reshape the world.
    With the history books crowded 
with the names of "founding 
fathers," it is now up to women, 
after 27 years of voting, to produce 
some "founding mothers"';
that is, women who will give 
leadership in politics and government.
    Why not add to the list of 
"founding fathers" some "founding 
mothers," along with the "city 
fathers" a few "city mothers,"

    If women are to answer the call
of their country for good citizens 
in '48, they will find that the job 
requires self-sacrifice, acknowledgment 
of duty, and devotion to 
principle. But women have demonstrated 
again and again that 
they can measure up when these
qualities are needed in time of 
war.
    Let them now express their devotion
to democracy at the ballot 
box in time of reconstruction -- 
and do it with such enthusiasm 
and sureness of its meaning that 
they will sell democracy to their 
friends and neighbors.
    The fourth article in this series, written 
by Mrs. Robert W. Macauley, Assistant 
Chairman of the Republican National 
Committee, will appear on this page next 
Monday.

Menus for Tuesday 
Breakfast
Berries and Cream
French Toast Sirup
Hot Beverage
Lunch or Supper
Tomato Bacon Sandwiches
Potato Chips
Carrot Sticks
Chocolate Squares Milk
Dinner 
Vegetable Soup
Cold Roast Beef
Potato Salad
Tomato Aspic
Hard Rolls
Apple Cobbler
Beverage
*Plan enough to reheat tomorrow, 
too.
SAVE FLOUR -- SAVE FATS


bit Face Severe Strictures 
urch Pact Seen 
Prague 
Czechoslovakia, receiving congratulations 
[?] a church delegation, said full agreement
[?] state soon would be achieved "pro-
[?] and keep first and foremost in their 
[?] and nation."
[?] shop of Prague, who headed the dele-
[?]  Czechoslovak news agency as saying 
[?] would faithfully and unconditionally 
[?] the church.
[?] that the religious freedom guaran- 
[?] would be fully respected, and hoped 
[?] church schools and religious organi- 
[?] a legal basis.  

munist governments. 
    Recently the Moscow press and 
radio reported that "the higher 
clergy of the Orthodox church in 
Romania and of the other churches 
there have sworn allegiance to 
the People's (Communist) regime,"
    A high-ranking Romanian 
churchman at the time was 
quoted by Moscow "as assuring 
the (Communist) Government 
full support, wishing it success 
"in the full realization of its program." 
and calling the Communist 
Ministers "the people's 
chosen leaders."
    Moscow Report 
    Moscow has reported that Roman 
Catholicism is flourishing in 
Lithuania and describes how joyfully 
the 700 Roman Catholic 
churches there celebrated their 
Easter this year.
    During April the Moscow press 
and radio quoted an Armenian 
Gregorian Apostolic church official 
as saying that all true Armenian 
clergymen were personally 
leading their Armenian flocks from 
the end of the earth to the homeland 
(the Soviet Union). 
In March , Moscow reported that 
the Czechoslovak Orthodox 

church, which is headed by a 
Russian placed in office by Moscow, 
had declared itself in favor 
of the "Gottwald regime" (the 
Communist dictatorship).
   Other sources, including the 
Bulgarian Communist-controlled
press and radio, repeatedly have
quoted the head of the Bulgarian 
Orthodox church as aggressively 
favoring the Communist regime.
The Bulgarian church even carried 
on election propaganda for 
the Communists
    Support Given 
    Other churches in lands dominated 
by Russia are reported to 
be supporting Communist regimes.
During March, for example, the 
Moscow press and radio said that
the Czechoslovak (National)
church, which is a self-governed 
outgrowth of Roman Catholicism.
has lined up with the Communist 
regime in Prague. It also announced 
that the "Czechoslovak
Catholics"  has declared they were 
supporting the new (Communist) 
regime. 
    On May 5, Moscow reported
that the Hungarian Reformed 
church had gone over to the "new
social order" (Communism). Two 
weeks later, Moscow announced 
that Hungarian "Catholic teachers
and professors had declared for 
the People's Democracy," while a 
group of Protestant youth was 
described as having gone even 
further.

Light Process
[?]graphic Research
The Christian Science Monitor
exposure as the new equipment 
went into action. 
    The light comes from an electrical 
discharge through ionized
argon, an inert gas. The lamp is 
placed in the focus of a parabolic 
reflector which directs the light 
in parallel beams.
    Two containers about the size 
of shoe boxes hold the light 
equipment -- one has the lamp itself
and the other the controls. 
Synchronization of the flash with 
action to be photographed depends 
upon the nature of the subject.
    The control box is so constructed 
as to make a variety of 
signals possible for setting off the 
lamp. Among these are the making 
or breaking of a light beam, 
a signal from a crystal microphone, 
using sound to trigger the 
flash, or a manually operated 
push button.


Jewish Children 
Traced in France
By the Associated Press
    Paris
    Orphaned Jewish children entrusted 
to gentile homes by parents 
who later disappeared in 
Germany will be tracked down
and taken away "by legal action"
if necessary," Jewish welfare officials 
have announced.
    This was disclosed by the 
American Joint Distribution Committee, 
coordinating Jewish relief 
work. It said a "tracing mission"
will begin "an intensive country-
wide search to locate missing 
Jewish children hidden with non-
Jews during the Nazi occupation."
    "Legal action my be necessary," 
the Committee said. "Undoubtedly, 
after five or six or
more years of keeping a child the
family will be a loath to part with 
him."
    Nonetheless, it added, the 
searching agencies agreed "it is 
the duty of the Jewish community
in France to regain its lost children. 
They will be cared for in 
the homes and institutions maintained 
by the various Jewish welfare 
agencies in France."
    The reason is to "restore them 
to the religion and way of life of
their fathers," the Committee explained.
    The ADJC said that during the 
occupation "clandestine rescue organizations 
hid the children, primarily 
in the countryside and 
with non-Jewish people. Many 
parents, facing deportation, placed 
the children in hiding themselves.
Only a handful of these parents
returned."

Describing America 
To British Is Difficult
By William H. Stringer
Chief of the London News Bureau of The Christian Science Monitor 
    London
    Seldom has an American political 
event been accorded such
widespread- if somewhat puzzled
-attention in Britain as had this
year's presidential sweepstakes.
    A topnotch contingent of British 
writers, journalists and cartoonists
- including David Low
and Rebecca West- have crossed
the Atlantic to cover the national
conventions at Philadelphia, and 
incidentally to sample a few
American steaks and milk shakes.
    Several newspapers, including 
the Manchester Guardian, have 
carried pen profiles of leading 
Republican contenders, and have 
alloted a surprising amount of 
their newsprint-tight columns to 
reporting the crucial state primaries.
    Crescendoing all this splendid 
attention, the British Broadcasting 
Corporation tapped your correspondent 
on the shoulder and 
asked him if he would do a broadcast 
on the purpose -- and atmosphere 
-- of the Philadelphia conventions 
for what is known as the 
School Program.
    Your correspondent has now 
done so, discovering in the process 
that explaining precisely how a 
national convention functions is 
no simple matter for that "vast
unseen audience" of 13-year-olds.
    No Easy Matter
    In fact, it would not have been 
easy to explain to Albert Einstein.
    However, the broadcast went off
on schedule and was duly recorded
for a later short-wave radiocast
to the West Indies and natives of 
West Africa. A unique feature 
was a two-minute insertion of 
sound and fury, applause and 
speechmaking, of an imaginary 
convention in which your correspondent 
played the part of the 
excited radio commentator, and 
two young Englishmen undertook 
the roles of the convention chairman 
and nominating speaker -- 
and produced perfect, twangy, 
midwestern American accents for 
these stentorian assignments.
    It is well that at least the British 
school children now understand 
what national conventions 
are like, because actually the business 
of choosing an American 
President or presidential nominee 
is quite complicated compared 
with selection of a British Prime 
Minister, who merely is the 
Party's parliamentary leader,
chosen in an informal manner by 
the party executive group.
    Explanation Hard
    But without detailing the differences 
in the two governmental 
systems -- and partially because 
of those differences -- an American 
has a slightly uneasy feeling 
when he contemplates the impression 
which the Philadelphia 
spectacle is bound to make on 
British journalistic observers who 
have come to report the sessions.
     Sometimes they are wild and 
wooly affairs. Of course, everybody 

enjoys it thoroughly, and 
the peoples of other lands should 
understand that there is some 
shrewd and thoughtful business
going on behind the facade of 
placards, parades, and flowing 
oratory.
    But, after all, these conventions 
are not really the most democratic 
way of picking presidential nominees, 
and a lot of smart observers 
from overseas as well as Americans 
are bound to discover this.
    Few Apprehensions 
    I have few apprehensions concerning 
cartoons which David 
Low, Liberal cartoonist for the 
Conservative London Evening 
News, will draw of convention. He 
is eminently fair minded, although 
most of his pen-and-ink businessmen 
resemble youngish Colonel 
Blimps.
    Nor is there any doubt about 
carefully-etched stories which 
Miss West will file. But some 
correspondents are going to find it 
tempting and easy to look rather 
down the nose at these bumptious 
goings-on at Philadelphia.
    One other matter must be mentioned.
Since many of this current 
crop of visiting journalists will 
peregrinate somewhat between 
and after the conventions, soaking 
up the American scene and enjoying 
unlimited petrol -- as who 
wouldn't? -- I feel constrained to 
append a few words of kindly 
counsel to those hoping to assess
America on such a visit.
    Advice Offered 
    First point of advice is: Persistently 
battle the idea that because 
you have seen New York 
you have seen America. Of course, 
all visiting journalists make the
warning statement that they have 
seen only New York when writing 
their first piece from the 
United States, but their first dateline 
is New York, and they then 
procceed to analyze America from 
the sidewalks of New York. It 
can't be done. 
    Second point of advice is: Don't 
think that all you need to see besides 
New York is Hollywood.
    Finally, don't think that if you 
have managed to see New York, 
Hollywood, Sun Valley, and 
Miami that you have seen the 
worth, glory, and wonder of the 
United States. You haven't.
   To really understand the United 
States, you must visit the quiet, 
small cities of the Midwest, the 
manufacturing mammoths like 
Pittsburgh and Detroit and the 
New England villages. You must 
viist the people in the schools and 
colleges, must understand why 
private enterprise produces, must 
examine the Negro problem, talk 
with the coal miners. 
    Otherwise, you have not 
glimpsed the true America.
    Sadly enough, this takes time 
and probably more dollars than 
Sir Stafford Cripps can afford to 
allow the visiting journalists to 
expend on foreign tours today.

THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR

GOP Ready to Campaign 
On 80th Congress Record
By the Associated Press
Philadelphia
    Accepting President Truman's 
challenge, the Republican Party 
made ready to pitch its 1948 platform 
largely on the record of the 
GOP-controlled 80th Congress.
    House Speaker Josep W. Martin,
Jr., (R) of Massachusetts, arriving 
in Philadephia to take over 
the role of Permanent Chairman 
June 22, told reporters: "The record 
of the 80th Congress makes a 
platform the Republican Party 
can stand on and win on."
    The President has called it the 
"second worst" Congress in 
history.
    The convention platform drafters 
-- their ears2 attuned to the 
late goings in Congress, completed 
the party's policy document June 
20. it went before the full 104-
member platform for approval. On 
June 22 or 23 it will be laid before 
the convention for ratification.
    Its exact wording is a deep secret 
until the full Platform 
Committee acts. But some persons 
close to the drafters said it will:
    1. Pledge the Party to shun 
isolationism and to continue the 
bipartisan policy of international 
cooperation and American aid 
for nations resisting Communism.
Senator Arthur H. Vanderberg 
(R) of Michigan, Chairman of the 
Senate Foreign Relations Committee 
and a dark horse contender 
for the presidential nomination, 
was reported to have put 
his personal approval on this 
plank.
    2. Reaffirm the GOP stand for 
a permanent fair employment 
practices commission, enactment 
of antilynch and antipoll-tax legislation, 
and an end to race segregation 
in the armed forces. Such a 
plank was written into the 1944
GOP platform, but none of the 
legislation has passed Congress.
    3. Refuse to yield to organized 
labor's demands for repeal of the 
Taft-Hartley Labor Law, but restate 
the 1944 platform declaration 
that the Republican Party is 
the historical champion of free 
labor and assert a set of principles 
intended to appeal to the working 
man.
    The biggest GOP policy split 
seemed to be on housing.
    Senator Robert A. Taft (R) of 
Ohio, a leading presidential aspirant, 
is reported to have told some 
other GOP leaders he is displeased 
with the housing bill that Congress 
passed in its closing hours. 
This eliminated the public low-
rent housing, slums clearance and 
farm housing aids in the Taft-
Ellender-Wagner housing bill 
Senator Taft drove to Senate passage 
weeks ago.
    The measure, as finally passed, 
represented a victory for another 
Republican, Representative Jesse 
Wolcott of Michigan, Chairman 
of the House Banking Committee. 
Mr. Wolcott had cried "socialism" 
at the disputed provisions of the 
Taft-backed bill.
    One of those who should know 
said the platform probably will 
be silent on the touchy public 
housing issue.
    But the law makers in Washington 
quieted the platform-
writers' jitters just before the 
June 20 dawn adjournment when 
they jammed through bills dealing 
with three important issues -- foreign 
aid, the draft, and farm 
policy. 
    The Party policymakers here 
were reported to have kept the 
wires hot pleading with GOP 
leaders on Capitol Hill to make 
sure that legislation on which the 
platform must take a position was 
passed before Congress quit.

Detriment to Korea 
Seen in Russia Move
By the Associated Press
Seoul, Korea
    Russia is working to the detriment 
of all of Korea by its refusal 
to supply power to southern Korea, 
Lt. Gen. John R. Hodge, 
American Military Commander, 
declares.
    He wrote to that effect to the 
Russian Commander in North Korea.
He added that huge quantities 
of materials greatly needed in 
North Korea are in Seoul awaiting 
shipment north.
    "This valuable accumulation of 
goods is of no benefit to Korea as 
long as it is warehoused in Seoul,"
General Hodge declared.
    The Soviet Government in 
North Korea cut the power flow 
to American-occupied South Korea 
May 14, using General 
Hodge's refusal to negotiate with 
the North Korean puppet government 
as the pretext.
    General Hodge termed the action 
part of the Russian program 
of obstruction in connection with 
the May 10 Korean election, in 
which South Korea elected delegates 
to the nation's First National 
Legislature.
    In his letter, General Hodge 
called on the Russians to restore 
power, accept the goods being 
held for payment for power, and 
arrange within five days for a 
conference to negotiate final settlement 
on the Korean power
account.
    Goods awaiting shipment to 
North Korea include 900 tons of 
copper wire, 2,700 telephones and 
other materials amounting to 120 
carloads, General Hodge said.

World Religio
Voted N. Y. 
By Robert M. 
Staff Correspondent of The Christian 
New York
    Plans for a permanent International, 
interreligious organization 
have emerged from the deliberations 
of representatives of many 
nations and many faiths at Town 
Hall.
   At its final session, the Conference 
of Religion forMoral and 
Spiritual Support of the United 
Nations elected a provisional international
committee of 60 persons 
to formulate the world organization.
    This action evolved from the 
main theme of the three-day conference:
That if the various religions 
of the world cannot cooperate 
in some real way, they 
cannot expect the nations of the 
world to get together on a practical 
basis.
    The future world religious body
-- to be called the "World Alliance 
for International Friendship 
Through Religion" -- will be organized 
along the lines of the 
United Nations.
    Central Committes
    Central committees composed 
of various religious groups interested 
in furthering international 
good will and support of the UN 
will be set up in nations and regional 
areas. The international 
organization would be made up of 
representatives elected by these 
national and regional committees.
    The World Alliance will be located 
in New York and will have 
an office at headquarters of the 
UN secretariat.
    The conferees also decided to 
hold another and more comprehensive 
world religious conference 
within the next four years. 
    At that conference, an international 
program will be adopted 
and other actions taken to "make 
the world alliance effective in 
strong support of the United Nations
and other agencies committed 
to the task of building and 
establishing a just and lasting 
peace."
    Prior to the next world conference, 
local interreligious meetings
are scheduled for different 
parts of the world.
    "Common Desire"
    Membership in the world organization 
or its local councils 
will not imply unity of religious 
belief "but only a common desire 
to maintain international peace,"
a Conference statement declares.
    National committees will be 
come the "leaven of good will be-

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[?]
cooperation and American aid 
for nations resisting Communism. 
Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg 
(R) of Michigan, Chairman of the 
Senate Foreign Relations Committee 
and a dark horse contender 
for the presidential nomination, 
was reported to have put
his personal approval on this
plank.
  2. Reaffirm the GOP stand for
a permanent fair employment
[?]
of the House Banking Committee.
Mr. Wolcott had cried "socialism"
at the disputed provisions of the 
Taft-backed bill
  One of those who should know
said the platform probably will
be silent on the touchy public
housing issue.
  But the law makers in Washington 
quieted the platform-
writers' jitters just before the
June 20 dawn adjournment when
they jammed through bills dealing
with three important issues-foreign
aid, the draft and farm
policy.
  The Party policymakers here
were reported to have kept the
wires hot pleading with GOP
leaders on Capitol Hill to make
sure that legislation on which the
platform must take a position was
passed before Congress quit.

Detriment to Korea
Seen in Russia Move
By the Associated Press
Seoul, Korea
  Russia is working to the detriment 
of all of Korea by its refusal
to supply power to southern Korea, 
Lt. Gen. John R. Hodge,
American Military Commander,
declares.
  He wrote that effect to the
Russian Commander in North Korea. 
He added that huge quantities 
of materials greatly needed in
North Korea are in Seoul awaiting 
shipment north.
"This valuable accumulation of
goods is of no benefit to Korea as
long as it is warehoused in Seoul,"
General Hodge declared.
  The Soviet Government in
North Korea cut the power flow
to American-occupied South Korea 
May 14, using General
Hodge's refusal to negotiate with
the North Korean puppet government 
as the pretext.
  General Hodge termed the action 
part of the Russian program
of obstruction in connection with
the May 10 Korean election, in
which South Korea elected delegates 
to the nation's First National 
Legislature.
  In his letter, General Hodge
called on the Russians to restore
power, accept the goods being
held for payment for power, and
arrange within five days for a
conference to negotiate final settlement 
on the Korean power 
account.
  Goods awaiting shipment to
North Korea include 900 tons of
copper wire, 2,700 telephones and
other materials amounting to 120
carloads, General Hodge said.

World [Religio? Voted at N.Y.?]
By Robert M. [?]
Staff Correspondent of The [?]
New York
  Plans for a permanent international, 
interreligious organization
have emerged from the deliberations 
of representatives of many
nations and many faiths at Town
Hall.
  At its final session, the Conference 
of Religion for Moral and
Spiritual Support of the United
Nations elected a provisional international 
committee of 60 persons 
to formulate the world organization.
  This action evolved from the
main theme of the three-day conference. 
That if the various religions 
of the world cannot cooperate 
in some real way, they
cannot expect the  nations of the
world to get together on a practical 
basis.
  The future world religious body
-to be called the "World Alliance 
for International Friendship
Through Religion"-will be organized 
along the lines of the
United Nations.
Central Committtes
 Central committees composed
of various religious groups interested 
in furthering international
good will and support of the UN
will be set up in nations and regional 
areas. The international
organization would be made up of
representatives elected by these
national and regional committees.
  The World Alliance will be located 
in New York and will have
an office at headquarters of the
UN secretariat.
  The conferees also decided to
hold another and more comprehensive 
world religious conference 
within the next four years.
  At that conference, an international 
program will be adopted
and other actions taken to "make
the world alliance effective in
strong support of the United Nations 
and other agencies committed 
to the task of building and
establishing a just and lasting
peace."
  Prior to the next world conference, 
local interreligious meetings 
are scheduled for different
parts of the world.
"Common Desire"
  Membership in the world organization 
or its local councils
will not imply unity of religious
belief, "but only a common desire
to maintain international peace,"
a Conference statement declares.
  National committees will be
come the "leaven of good will between 
religions themselves and so
help in creating that attitude of
cooperation which must be presupposed 
by any cooperation between 
nations."
  The World Alliance for International 
Friendship through the
Churches, one of the conference
sponsors, will be dissolved June
30. It will be succeeded by the
new World Alliance for the International 
Friendship Through Religion.
  The functions and organization
of the older group (which was
limited to Protestant representation) 
will be taken over as the
nucleus of the new body. The old
organization has councils in 12
nations, including six in Europe,
one each in Canada, the United
States, India, Japan and China.
  "The great religions of the world
are predominantly responsible for
promoting understanding, fellowship, 
and the practice of good will
and brotherhood within the nations, 
as well as among the nations," 
a conference report declares.
Endorsement Moved
  The report outlined a "practical
program" for world religion.
  1. If it is to have any significance 
in bringing about world
peace, religion must deal with the
conditions from which wars
spring.
  2. The policy of separating
church and state must be retained.
  3. Although organized religion 
should not determine the
policy of individual states, it
should have influence upon the
development of national policy.
  4. Religious agencies should

THE JERSEY JOURNAL, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 2, 1918.

WILSON BEATEN
  IN OWN STATE
    BY OWN PARTY

Democratic State Convention
 Rejects Woman Suffrage
 Plank—Nugent's Victory.

Trenton, Oct. 2. —In President Wilson's 
own State and by a convention 
of his own party his appeal for support 
in his fight for woman suffrage 
as a war measure was rejected last 
night at the turbulent Democratic 
State Convention by a vote of 27 to 27 
after scenes in which the Essex boss, 
James R. Nugent, led the fight against 
the President and presented a spectacle 
rarely equalled even in Nugent's 
most boisterous days.

  Former State Senator Charles O'Connor 
Hennessy, candidate for the short 
term United States Senatorship 
against David Baird, let the fight for woman 
suffrage, ably supported by Secretary 
of State Thomas F. Martin.

  Mrs. E. F. Feickert of Plainfield, 
president of the New Jersey Woman 
Suffrage Association; Miss Bessie Pope 
and Mrs. James J. Billington of Jersey 
City, Mrs. Philip McKim Garrison 
of Essex, Mrs. Huse of Elizabeth and 
other ladies had to see and hear 
Nugent perform.

   When he was not speaking and 
denuncing woman suffrage in his 
vigorous style he was browbeating 
delegates and calling upon this and that 
delegate in strong language to stand 
with him in his fight against the legislation 
the President and Commander-
In-Chief of the United States had 
specifically demanded.

   One of the surprises of the night 
was the action of former State 
Comptroller Edward I. Edwards in arraying 
himself against woman suffrage and 
with Nugent.  Edwards had been 
heralded as the prospective Democratic 
candidate for Governor next 
year.

   The Platform Committee rejected 
municipal ownership after Hennessy 
had made a strong fight for it.

   The Platform Committee also 
declared against permanent prohibition 
as a Federal proposition.

   The Hennessy plank against the 
seven-cent fare proposition was 
adopted with a whoop by the 
Platform Committee after Nugent had 
admitted that he holds Public Service 
Corporation stock and after Nugent 
had tried to get the committee to 
adopt a less aggressive plank on the 
subject.

   The fight over the woman suffrage 
amendment kept the platform 
committee in session for hours, Nugent 
sparring for time so that the rural delegates 
who are pledged to the dry 
idea might be obliged to leave for their 
distant homes and not be on hand 
when the fight was transferred to the 
floor of the convention.

   Nugent made an alliance with Mayor 
Frank Hague for the Hudson votes, 
and he also arranged with Gen. Denis 
Collins, who is associated with Union 
County brewing interests for some 
Union County votes.  It was the action 
of Collins in swinging two more votes 
from Union to Nugent that gave Nugent 
the final victory and produced the 
tie on the floor of the convention that 
beat the suffrage plank."

   The platform as it was reported by 
Chairman Senator Ackerson of Monmouth 
includes a plank pledging the 
party to woman suffrage, and to the 
ratification of the Federal amendment 
in case it should be passed by the 
United States Senate.

   Nugent, when the plank was read, 
was on his feet with a bitter speech 
against it.  He was plainly excited.

   He declared that New Jersey had 
declared against woman suffrage in 
1915 at the referendum election when 
the proposed State amendment was 
submitted, and he felt that the people 
of New Jersey did not want any woman 
suffrage.

   Then came a vigorous speech by 
Hennessy urging the convention to 
rally behind the President in his 
efforts to win the war.  Hennessy, with 
effect, read parts of the President's 
speech to the United States Senate 
urging that body as a war measure to 
pass the Federal woman suffrage 
amendment.

   "The Democratic party," said 
Hennessy, "ought to be the party of the 
people.  The Democratic party at this 
crucial hour ought to live up to its 
highest traditions.  Here and now is 
the time we should show we are 
members of a real Democratic party.  
Are we to permit the news to go out 
to-morrow that in his own State, at 
the convention of his own party, the 
President of the United States has 
been repudiated?  Is that the message 
you wish to send out at a time 
like this when the fate of nations is 
hanging in the balance and when the 
President is leading in the war to 
make the world free and to insure 
rule by the people?  As surely as 
you repudiate the President, so surely 
will you sound the death knell for 
Democratic success in this State."

   Former Senator William C. Gebhardt 
of Hunterdon, holding a proxy for 
Senator Martens, who had gone home, 
urged woman suffrage.

   Nugent tried to make Gebhardt 
subside.  He challenged his right to speak 
as a proxy.

   Things were now getting hot.

   Gebhardt's proxy was recognized by 
Chairman Ackerson and he finished his 
speech.

   Assemblyman James McAteer of 
Hudson announced that the Hudson 
men had conferred and had decided to 
vote against woman suffrage.

   "New Jersey," said McAteer, "a few 
years ago decisively beat woman 
suffrage, and we do not think it time to 
bring this matter up now."

   McAteer went at Secretary of State 
Martin, who was helping the woman 
suffrage fight as proxy for State 
Committeeman Kinkead.

   It developed that Martin did not 
have the Kinkead proxy with him but 
the fact did not come out until the 
end of the convention.  McAteer called 
Martin a Bolsheviki for putting an 
independent Democratic ticket in the 
field in Hudson against the Hague 
ticket.  "I suppose," said McAteer, 
that Mr. Martin put that ticket in the 
field in Hudson to help elect the 
Republican ticket."

   This got a rise out of Martin and 
Martin's speech was a hot one.

   Standing at the front of the hall, 
pushing his clenched fist very close to 
Nugent's nose, Martin told Nugent 
that he was sorry that three years ago 
he had fought with Nugent against 
woman suffrage.

   "Right to your face," said Martin, 
looking at Nugent, "I want to say that 
for what I did three years ago, when 
I helped in the fight against woman 
suffrage, I am sorry from the bottom 
of my heart."

   Martin then tried to answer the 
McAteer Bolsheviki charge, but many of 
the delegates were on their feet by 
this time and Ackerson's gavel was 
beating violently.  Many were expecting 
Martin and Nugent to clinch.

   "What about that independent 
ticket that you got up in Hudson?" 
demanded Nugent.  "That shows what 
kind of a Democrat you are."

"That ticket is going to win," 
said Martin, "and, what is more, that independent 
Democratic movement in 
Hudson will do to the Hague machine
what the Gillen Democrats in Essex
did to you, Mr. Nugent." 
     Nugent got up and again many
looked for a physical encounter. Martin
and Nugent kept their eyes on each
other. 
     Nugent demanded to know whether
Martin could be classes as a Democrat
after putting an independent 
Democratic ticket in the field against
Hague in Hudson. Martin tried to answer,
but there was such a racket
that he could not be heard. 
     "I want to answer that question," 
said Martin. "We certainly had a
right to put a real Democratic ticket
in the field after every one knew that
the Democrats had taken no part in 
the selection of their primary ticket
but that the Democratic primary
ticket had  been picked in advance by 
the Hague machine without consultation
of party voters."
     Turning again to Nugent Martin
said: "You may form a combine tonight
with Hudson and some of the 
Union County men and block woman 
suffrage because a lot of rural delegates
have gone home, but you will
not get away with this in the long
run. The Democratic party will not 
stand for this kind of business very
long." 
     Amid much commotion the first roll 
call on the woman suffrage plank ended
with the announcement that the 
plank had been adopted by a vote of 
29 to 27, but so many delegates were 
on their feet announcing that they
wanted to change their votes that
Nugent demanded about roll call,
and he got it. 
     On this roll call Edward I. Edwards
was not allowed to vote. Martin challenged
him on the ground that he had
not been nominated at the primaries,
but was a candidate for State Senator
in Hudson on petition. 
     Ackerson ruled this point well taken. 
This started another rumpus. 
     Martin had been tipped off that his
right to vote was about to be challenged
and he decided to carry Edwards
out of the hall with him in a 
last effort to save the woman suffrage
plank for President Wilson. 
     While the second roll call was proceeding
half the delegates were on 
their feet. Nugent was going around
swearing and shaking his fist at "dry"
delegates and calling this and that
delegate a "big stiff". Once he went
up to Gen. Collins, who was sitting
with the "wets," and asked: "Why
----- don't you make those -------
vote the right way?"
     Nugent called down delegates right
and left in arrogant fashion. Much
of the language was heard by the 
women. 
     Collins took the Nugent cue and 
urged two of the Union County men
to swing over to Nugent's side. So
it was that at the end of the roll call
John F. X. Casserly of Union cast that 
deciding vote, that is, the vote that
tied the suffrage plank and defeated
it. 
     "Three cheers for Casserly," cried
Nugeent, and his cohorts cheered. The 
woman suffragists beat a hasty retreat. 
The convention broke up in 
an uproar. 
     Nugent was celebrating the wet vic-
tory until a late hour. 
     Assemblyman Alexander Simpson
and George La Monte were at the 
convention, but took no part in the 
proceedings. Once Nugent tackled
Simpson and feared that Simpson was
to take the floor for woman suffrage. 
     "I do not propose to orate," said 
Simpson, "I am merely admiring the
remarkable leadership of the gentleman
from Essex." At another time
when Nugent was growling at Simpson,
Simpson said: "I am only admiring
you, Mr. Nugent." 
     Hennessy, La Monte and Simpson are
all for woman suffrage.

Organizing for 
VICTORY



A Hand Book for 
PRECINCT LEADERS

     "This year the candidate who is the
President of the United States, cannot
make a campaign in the usual sense
of the word. He must be on his job. So
each and everyone of you who give
him the responsibility, in giving it to
him, assume for yourself a very grave
responsibility, because you will make
the campaign." 

Franklin Roosevelt

WOMEN'S DIVISION
DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE
Hotel Biltmore, New York City




PRECINCT LEADERS
COUNTY LEADERS
STATE LEADER

EFFECTIVE METHODS FOR CAMPAIGNING 
By DOROTHY McALLISTER


Mrs. County Leader --
Your County is Your Responsibility!

The county leader of Democratic women may be the elected or appointed Vice Chairman of the County Committee, or County Chairwoman, or County Committeewoman.  Whatever her title, to Mrs. County Leader belongs the duty of seeing that every precinct (township, district, ward or beat) has an active woman leader and that this leader is on the job!  If your election laws or party rules do not provide for such an official, you should appoint one.

An army of voters can function no more effectively without organization than an army of soldiers.  Often, ideals of government fail to be translated into votes at the ballot box; but with a systematic plan of organization in the precincts, citizens can unite their strength to determine party policies and elect their candidates to office.

It is the County leader who holds the key to victory.  She is the one who organizes the women of the county to get the facts to the voters and the voters to the polls.

It is up to the County Leader to galvanize her Precinct Leaders into action by calling on them personally, holding campaign schools of instruction, directing them in a common plan of precinct organization, and arranging regular meetings to hear reports of their progress.

AIDS TO VICTORY

For Your County

By this time, if you are an active County Leader, you have a staff of Six Directors of the Six-Point Program to assist you in carrying out these aids to victory:

1.  A survey of New Deal benefits to your county since 1933 to find out how the Roosevelt Administration has helped the homeowner, the farmer, the wage-earner, the business man and all classes of people.  The record of the New Deal is written in every county.  Interpret national recover and social gains in terms of your own community.  Call a county-wide meeting to hear the report of these advances and the personal accounts of those who have been benefited.  Make this factual campaign ammunition available to your candidates and precinct workers.

2.  Meetings to show moving pictures and slides on various phases of the New Deal program.  (For further information write National Headquarters.)

3.  Letters to the Editor to answer misleading statements with facts, and the half-truths of generalization, with the whole truth of accurate information.  In order to make public opinion, leaders must first make opinion public.

4.  Enrollment of Democrats as Fact Dealing Reporters pledged to carry the facts about the Roosevelt record to ten independent voters.  To win, either political party must have the support of the independents, since they cast 20 per cent of the ballots in a national election.  The great majority backed the President in 1932 and 1936.  They will vote for him again in 1940 if they know his record.

Victory Begins in the Precincts --

The outcome of important elections has often depended on one precinct.  (For example, the election of a Representative to congress in 1938 was decided by a single precinct.)

In a county where the election is closely contested, a few extra votes for the Democratic party in each precinct will mean a Democratic victory for the county.

Success in elections depends on good organization in the precincts.  That means the Precinct Leaders must know what they are to do, how to do it, and then get it done.

What the Precinct Leader Should Know --
1 -- The boundaries of her precinct.
2 -- The names of those who voted the Democratic ticket in 1932 and 1936.
The names of those who voted Republican in 1932 and 1936.
The names of doubtful or independent voters.
The names of first voters.
How many are eligible to vote but unregistered.
How many votes much be won (or retained) to carry the precinct for the Democratic Party.
3 -- The date by which voters must be registered.
4 -- The rules governing absentee voting.

TO KNOW YOUR PRECINCT IS TO WIN YOUR PRECINCT

What the Precinct Leader Should Do --

1  Keep a Card File of the Name and Address of Every Voter.

Use four different colored cards; one color for Democrats; one color for Republicans; another for those who are undecided or independent voters, and a fourth for first voters.

Arrange the cards by streets and blocks.

Check the names of those who will need an absent voter's ballot, and of those who are eligible to vote but unregistered.

Your Job Is To
Win the Independent Voters to the Democratic Side
See That First Voters Know Why They Should Support the Democratic Party

2  Appoint a Corps of Democratic Visitors to Make a Canvass of the Voters in the Precinct, and Hold Regular meetings to Hear the Reports of the Canvass.

It Is the Duty of Democratic Visitors to See --
a.  That voters are registered;
b.  That they have accurate information on the Roosevelt record;
c.  That a set of Rainbow Fliers is left at the homes of independent voters and those who are undecided.

Distributing Rainbow Fliers

Calling on Voters to remind them to register.

WIN VOTES WITH FACTS

3  Notify the Neighborhood When an Important Candidate, Government Official or Party Leader Speaks to the Voters Over the Radio.

Arrange a listening-in party and invite in the independent voters whom you wish to convince.

Radio is the streamlined way of reaching the voters in a streamlined age.

4  Hold Precinct Meetings and Front Porch Rallies to Hear the Candidates, and Discuss the Campaign Issues.

Suggestions for programs: Put on an "Information Please" contest on political questions, or ask a home-owner, a farmer, a wage-earner, a first voter, to tell how the New Deal has benefited them.

ELECTIONS ARE WON IN THE PRECINCTS

5  Raise the Small Amount of Money Necessary for Postage, Telephone and Gasoline.

By getting Democrats to pledge that they will set aside a definite sum each week to put in their donkey banks.

By sponsoring a money-raising event on "Democratic Women's Day."  The quota for the national campaign is 50c a precinct; all proceeds above this amount can be retained for local campaign activities.

DONKEY BANK

A PENNY A DAY KEEPS THE ELEPHANT AWAY!

6  Get Out the Vote On Election Day.

At the final precinct meeting the night before election, ask each precinct worker to be responsible for seeing that the voters in a particular block or street who support the Democratic ticket, get to the polls to vote.  Appoint a motor corps to arrange for cars to drive the voters to the polls.

It is important to see that there are efficient and alert officials at the election polls.

The precinct leader should stay on the job until the votes are counted and then telephone the results to county headquarters.

THE HEAVIER THE VOTE, THE GREATER THE DEMOCRATIC VICTORY

VOTE HERE


How to Make the Precinct Canvass
Success in elections depends on whether the Precinct Leaders do the things they are expected to do, and how well they do them.

Before starting the precinct canvass, Precinct Leaders should have the name and address of each voter on a card arranged in the order in which the calls will be made.  Additional information will be added as a result of the canvass.

If the precinct is large, Democratic Visitors should be asked to assist, so that each one will not have more than twenty-five homes to canvass.

The first visit is important.  If the Precinct Leader or worker does not already know the voter, she should introduce herself by simply saying that she is a neighbor checking the registration list, to find out whether voters have moved since the last election and whether they have registered.  Then the canvasser should casually ask of the voter how he or she feels about the coming election.  Some will express their opinion freely.  Others, express doubt.  Still others will close the door.

Do not try to convince the voter at the first interview.  Get whatever information you can.  Make your call short.  Be sure not to make a notation on your card until you have left the voter.

After the precinct is canvassed, separate the cards of the doubtful and independent voters.  Find the right person to follow up your call on these voters, or, after a short interval, make the second call yourself.  The second visit is the time to leave the Rainbow Fliers and to give information about campaign issues.

Questions to Ask the Voters

When you hear the New Deal denounced, ask the critic to tell which of the agencies he would abolish.  Suggest that he list the accomplishments of the New Deal; then ask him how and why he would change these measures.

When you hear complaints about the money that has been spent, point to the concrete results in your own county and to the benefits to citizens of your own community from government expenditures.  Give the critics the Rainbow Flier.  "We Can Afford Life and Liberty."

When you hear business men say "Let business alone and everything will be all right," remind them that business had the reins up to 1932.  Under the Harding and Coolidge Administrations, when the government did everything that business thought would lead to greater profits, and likewise under Hoover, when two cars were promised in every garage and two chickens in every pot, the business men had their way.  But the result was paralyzed agriculture, idle labor, and the greatest financial depression in history.

Ask the doubtful voter whether he approves of insurance of bank deposits, the protection of investors, the advancement of money by the government to the states and cities for schools, highways, hospitals, and other public improvements; -- whether he believes in useful work for the unemployed who would otherwise be on the dole; -- whether he believes in cheap power for farmers, a housing program, for low-income groups, a youth program to find work or schools for unemployed young people; -- whether he believes in collective bargaining for labor, old-age assistance, unemployment insurance, the Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America; -- ask him if he wishes to repeal this program, and then tell him to remember that if the Republican nominee is elected, all of the interests that have been abasing these measures in behalf of the people will have their way and this great program will be curtailed or destroyed.

Ask the voter if he knows that Wilkie is Wall Street's candidate -- that Big Business put over at the Republican convention the head of a Morgan merger, the shares of which were unloaded on the public at the height of the boom period at $27 a share and which have had a market value for some time of from 75 cents to a dollar and a half.

Tell the voter not to be fooled by the clever build-up given to the Republican nominee by publicity experts.  In the words of a Republican member of Congress, Representative Burdick, of North Dakota, quoted in the Congressional Record: "There is nothing to the Wilkie boom for President except the artificial public opinion being created by newspapers, magazines and the radio.  The reason back of all of this is money... Let it be remembered that Wilkie and his cohorts in holding companies put over the sale of millions of dollars worth of stock on the American people and today that stock is almost worthless."

And finally, ask the voter what political party has offered a constructive alternative to the New Deal program of action to meet the needs of the people and assure the safety of the Nation.

New Deal Record

Answers to Critics

The Precinct Worker, 1940 model, must be fortified with facts.  Her first task is to master the information on the Rainbow Fliers, for she is the saleswoman for the Democratic Party.

Here are some of the things you will hear and some of the facts with which to answer --

Critic:  We approve of many of the measures of the New Deal but think the Republicans would carry them out better.

Answer:  The Republicans, when judged by their actions rather than by high sounding words, are not better administrators than the Democrats.  Nearly every serious government scandal since the Civil War has been occurred under a Republican Administration.  Recently, Republican representatives in Congress have stood against the extension of Civil Service; have fought government reorganization; have tried to hamstring the administrative agencies which were established to meet the economic crisis of 1932.

How can Republicans run better the agencies of government which they were not solicitous enough nor intelligent enough to provide at all?

President Roosevelt warned against such evasions of the real issues by those Republicans who say:

"Of course we believe all these things; we believe in social security; we believe in work for the unemployed; we believe in saving homes.  Cross our hearts and hope to die, we believe in all these things; but we do not like the way the present Administration is doing them.  Just turn them over to us.  We will do all of them -- we will do more of them -- we will do them better; and most important of all, the doing of them will not cost anybody anything."

But when you ask Republicans how they are going to do it, their only answer is that they will "let business alone."

Critic:  A Third Term is against the tradition of our nation.  It is the first step toward dictatorship.

Answer:  Because George Washington refused a third term he is thought of as the founder of the no-third-term tradition.  The implication that he refused it on principle is wholly unfounded.  Washington was not against a third term.  In his famous letter to Lafayette about the Constitution he said: "There cannot, in my judgment, be the least danger * * * I can see no propriety in precluding ourselves from the services of any man, who on some great emergency, shall be deemed, universally, most capable of serving the public."  (Apr. 28, 1788.)

There can be no dictatorship so long as the President is elected by the people through the free expression of their wishes at the polls.  The Republicans, in 1880, put in nomination a candidate of their party for a third term -- General Grant, who narrowly missed being the choice of the convention.  In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt, running for a third term, received more Republican votes than Taft.  Moreover, Theodore Roosevelt had the support of many reactionary newspapers that today are clamoring loudest against a third term.

Critic:  We need a man to run the government who will give business a chance.

Answer:  Can it be said that this Administration has hurt business when the Treasury Department records show that in 1937, all corporations, after the payment of taxes, were 9 billion dollars better off than in 1932?

One of these businesses is the Commonwealth and Southern (Wilkie's corporation) which made a net income in 1933 of 8 million dollars.  But in 1939, after six

years of Roosevelt, this income was increased to 13 million dollars.

In 1939, the largest manufacturing corporation in the land, General Motors, had the biggest profit it had ever known in its history.

Total industrial production in 1939 was 64 per cent higher than in 1932.

Critic:  The New Deal has failed to produce recovery.  There are still more than 9 million people unemployed in the United States.

Answer:  According to the National Industrial Conference Board, there are 9,000,000 more jobs provided by private industry today than in 1932.  Since that year, 3,500,000 persons have reached working age in excess of those who died or retired.  Of those counted as unemployed, 2 million are gainfully and usefully occupied on WPA.

Critic:  The great debt which this Administration has piled up is a menace to our country and a burden which will be handed on to our children's children.

Answer:  Seven years ago your financial system was in complete collapse.  The New Deal has taken the country out of bankruptcy and by spending has advanced the national income and saved millions of worthy citizens from privation and want.  The public credit has never been better.  The national debt incurred by this Administration represents an investment in our natural and our human resources which future generations will enjoy.

Critic:  The New Deal has failed to build up a strong national defense.

Answer:  As a matter of fact, twelve years of Republican Administration nearly wrecked both Navy and Army.  A fleet among as large as the one we have today was destroyed.  Roosevelt already has built up both Army and Navy so that they are stronger than they ever were under Republicans.  Our planes are the finest in the world and our airplane production has increased eightfold since 1933.

The Roosevelt defense program which is being pushed through Congress despite Republican opposition, provides for a two-ocean navy and for the completion of the total equipment of a land force of 1,200,000 men plus tanks, guns and artillery for another 800,000 men if mobilization of such a force should be necessary.

President Roosevelt has warned unceasingly, in the face of Republican charges that he was a "war monger," that our national defense must be strengthened.  Today, on land, on sea and in the air, the United States is stronger than it has ever been in time of peace.

Critic:  The Republican candidate says the Democratic Party countenances machine politics.

Answer:  Mr. Wilkie's sudden distaste for "machine politics," as he terms it, is pure political expediency.  As National Chairman Flynn has said: "The twaddle about this, that, or the other boss political machine is silly.  Coming from Mr. Wilkie, the charge is particularly foolish, for the record shows that only a few short years ago, Mr. Wilkie was a paying member of the Grover Cleveland Democratic Club in the Borough of Manhattan and ran for County Committeeman.  This club is a district club of the political organization generally known as Tammany Hall.  These facts prove that Mr. Wilkie will use Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party, or the Republican Party, to advance for the moment what will further his own personal interests or the utility interests which he so ably represents."

Critic:  The present Administration is leading us into war.

Answer:  President Roosevelt said on September 11th:  "In all of these plans for national defense, only those who seek to play upon the fears of the American people discover an attempt to lead us into the war... The American people know that against the raging forces loose in the world today, the best defense is the strongest preparedness... fighting men and equipment in front and fighting industry and agriculture behind the lines... I hate war now more than ever.  I have one supreme determination -- to do all that I can to keep war away from these shores for all time."

THE RAINBOW FLIERS PRESENT THE ROOSEVELT RECORD
THEY ARE YOURS, FREE

1.  All in Seven Years -- The New Deal Record
2.  Electric Power for the People
3.  It's Your Country -- New Deal Conservation Record
4.  As Farmers Profit, Cities Also Prosper
5.  The Foreign Policy of the New Deal
6.  Trade Agreements Program
7.  We Can Afford Life and Liberty (The Truth About the Debt and What We Got for Our Money)
8.  Social Gains Mean National Strength
9.  Labor Advances
10.  Full Speed Ahead for National Defense
11.  Roosevelt Defense Record -- The U. S. Army
12.  Roosevelt Defense Record -- The U. S. Navy

Write to the Women's Division, Democratic National Committee, Hotel Biltmore, New York City, and ask for the number of fliers you can distribute.

YOU ARE THE ONE TO GIVE THE VOTERS IN YOUR PRECINCT THE RECORD OF THE NEW DEAL

TO THE DELEGATES TO THE NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION.

GENTLEMEN:

The question of Reconstruction must be met.

Negro Suffrage in ten Southern States is an accomplished fact, for which you aren not responsible, but which you cannot avert.  Nine-tenth of the colored men in America will vote, next Fall.

The only remedy for ignorant suffrage controlled by Demagogues, is to enlist the virtue and intelligence of the Women of America in the Government.

Please read the following resolution carefully, and oblige,

A RADICAL DEMOCRAT.

NEW YORK, July 2, 1868.

Whereas, The question of suffrage belongs to the States and not to the General Government -- and whereas the Democratic Party, as the Party of Progress, is in favor of the widest extension of suffrage consistent with the interests of Intelligence and Public Order, therefore

Resolved, That we recommend to the Democracy of the United States to advocate the extension of suffrage to all citizens of mature age and sound mind, not legally convicted of crime, who can read the Constitution and write their own name, without restriction of Sex, Race, Property or Opinion.

Transcribed and reviewed by contributors participating in the By The People project at crowd.loc.gov.